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1 


BE 

•    VI' 


mm 


HISTORY 


FIELD  GLQB, 


EDITED  BY 


NELSON  M.  RICHARDSON,  B.A.,  F.B.S. 

Hon.   Secretary. 


VOLU  M  E     XVI  I. 


Dorcbester : 

FEINTED   AT  THE   "DORSET  COUNTY   CHRONICLE"  OFFICE. 

1896 


2  8  1385 


984676 


I/.  17 


CONTENTS. 


PAGE 

Index  to  Plates  and  Engravings jv 

Notice  to  Members v 

List  of  Officers  and  Honorary  Members 


List  of  Members 


VI. 

viii. 


List  of  New  Members  elected  since  the  publication  of  Vol.  XVI xix. 

The  Proceedings  of  the  Dorset  Natural  History  and  Antiquarian  Field  Club 

during  the  Season  1895-6,  by  Nelson  M.  Richardson,  B. A.,  F.E.S xxi. 

Hon.  Treasurer's  Statement  of  Receipts  and  Expenditure  from  May  14th,  1895,  to 

May  4th,  1896 H. 

Hon.  Secretary's  Accounts  from  May  1st,  1895,  to  April  30th,  1896 lii. 

Special  Donations  of  Plates,  &c.,  towards  Vol.  XVII Hv. 

Anniversary  Address  of  the  President lv. 

On  the  Inquisitiones  Post  Mortem  for  Dorset  from  Henry  III.  to  Richard  III. 

(1216-1485),  by  Edward  Alexander  Fry 1 

On  New  and  Rare  British  Spiders  observed  in  1895,  by  the  Rev.  O.  Pickard- 

Cambridge,  M.A.,  F.R.S.,  &c,  55 

Evershot  Church,  by  the  Rev.  P.  H.  Milne 64 

An  Early  Neolithic  Kitchen-Midden  and  Tufaceous  Deposit  at  Blashenwell,  near 

Corfe  Castle,  by  Clement  Reid,  F.L.S.,  F.G.S 67 

On  a  Whirlwind  at  Bloxworth,  by  the  Rev.  O.  Pickard-Cambridge,  M.A., 

F.R.S.,  &c 76 

Notes  on  the  Churches  of  Gussage  St.  Michael's  and  Gussage  All  Saints',  by  the 
Rev.  Canon  Sir  Talbot  H.  B.  Baker,  Bart.,  with  Description  of  the  Bells  of 
Gussage  All  Saints',  by  Rev.  W.  Herbert  Stent,  Vicar  80 

On  a  New  Dorsetshire  Variety  of  Plantago  Coronopus,  Linn.,  by  Edmund  G. 

Baker,  F.L.S 87 

On  a  Collection  of  Fossils  from  the  Upper  Greensand  in  the  Dorset  County 

Museum,  by  A.  J.  Jukes-Browne,  B. A.,  F.G.S.  96 

St.  Margaret's  Hospital,  Wimborne  Minster,  by  Walter  J.  Fletcher 109 

On  the  Footprints  of  a  Dinosaur  (Iguanodon  ?)  from  the  Purbeck  Beds  of  Swanage, 

by  J.  C.  Mansel-Pleydell,  F.G.S.,  F.L.S 115 

Notes  on  Two  Instances  of  Tenacity  of  Vegetable  Life,  by  H.  J.  Moule,  M.A.      . .      123 

On  a  Romano-British  Brick-kiln  and  a  British  Barrow  at  Bagber,  Milton  Abbas, 
with  an  Historical  Dissertation  on  Pottery  and  Brick -making,  by  J.  C.  Mansel- 
Pleydell,  F.G.S.,  F.L.S.  ..  .;  127 

Knowlton  Church  and  Earthwork,  by  Rev.  Canon  Sir  Talbot  H.  B.  Baker,  Bart. . .  135 

Water  Analysis  a  Hundred  Years  Ago,  by  Thos.  B.  Groves       ....  141 

A  List  of  Portland  Lepidoptera,  by  Nelson  M.  Richardson,  B.A.,  F.E.S.     .  146 

Flint  Implements  found  at  Portesham  during  1894  and  1895,  by  E.  Cunnington     .  192 

The  Geology  of  the  Portesham  District,  by  Rev.  Osmond  Fisher,  F.G.S.     .  194 
Report  on  Observations  of  the  First  Appearances  of  Birds,  Insects,  &c.,  and  the 
First  Flowering  of  Plants  in  Dorset  during  1895,  by  Nelson  M.  Richardson, 

B.A.,  F.E.S 197 

Report  on  the  Rainfall  in  Dorset  during    1895,  by  H.   S.   Eaton,  Past   Pres. 

R.  Met.  Soc.                                                                   21° 


iv. 

INDEX  TO  PLATES,   ENGRAVINGS,  &c. 


PAGE 

NEW  AND  RARE  BRITISH  SPIDERS          55 

EFFECTS  OF  WHIRLWIND  AT  BLOXWORTH,  PLATES  A  AND  B 76,    77 

MAP  SHEWING  TRACK  OF  WHIRLWIND 78 

GUSSAGE  ALL  SAINTS'  CHURCH 84 

Plantago  Coronopus,  L.,  VAR.  ceratophyllon,  RAPIN 87 

FOOTPRINTS  OF  DINOSAUR ..        ..        ..        •-        ..  115 

FEMUR  OF  Iguanodon,  &c 122 

BURIAL  URNS  FROM  BRITISH  BARROW  AT  BAGBER          127,  131 

KNOWLTON  CHURCH ..        ..  135 

PLATE  (COLOURED)   SHEWING   Lita   (Gelechia)   instabilella,    DOUGLAS,   Lita 
(Gdechia)  salicornice,  HERING,  AND  Coleophora  adjunctella,  HODGKINSON, 

IN  THEIR  DIFFERENT  STAGES 147 

REPORT  ON  FIRST  APPEARANCES  OF  BIRDS,  &c.,  IN  1895— 

Table  shewing  Number  of  Observations  during  Four  Years  on  each 

Bird  in  List           201 

Table  of  First  Appearances  of  Birds  in  Dorset  in  1895       206 

Table  of  First  Appearances  of  Insects  in  Dorset  in  1895    . .         . .         . .  207 

Table  of  Earliest  Records  of  Plants  in  Flower  in  Dorset  in  1895..        ...  208,   209 

RAINFALL  IN  DORSET — 

Table  I.,  shewing  Monthly  Depth  of  Rain  in  Inches  in  1895         . .         . .  216,  217 

Table  II.,  giving  details  of  Rainfall  in  1895,  and  comparing  it  with  the 

Average 218,  219 

Table  III.,  shewing  Proportionate  Rainfall  in  each  Year  to  the  Average 

of  the  Eight  Years,  1888-95 202 

Table  IV.,  shewing  Statistics  of  Temperature,  &c.,  at  Winterbourne 

Steepleton  in  1895 . .         . .         . .         . .  221 


NOTICE. 

• 

Members  are  reminded  that  payment  of  the  current  year's 
subscription  (IDS.)  entitles  them  to  the  immediate  receipt  of 
the  Vol.  of  "  Proceedings  "  or  other  publications  for  the 
year  ;  also  that  payment  of  arrears  entitles  to  previous 
volumes,  issued  in  those  years  for  which  the  arrears  are  due. 

All  volumes  are  issued,  and  subscriptions  received,  by 
the  Treasurer,  Rev.  O.  P.  Cambridge,  Bloxworth  Rectory, 
Wareham. 

Surplus  Copies  of  former  l(  Proceedings  "  (Vols.  i. — xvi.)  at 
the  rate  of  75.  6d.  to  ics.  a  volume,  "Spiders  of  Dorset" 
(2  vols.,  255.),  and  copies  of  "  Monograph  of  the  British 
Phalangidea  or  Harvest  Men  "  at  53.  each,  are  in  the 
Treasurer's  hands  for  disposal  for  the  benefit  of  the  Club's 
funds;  also  copies  of  the  "British  Chernetidea  or  False- 
Scorpions"  at  35.  each,  and  copies  of  the  General  Index  to  the 
first  16  Vols.  of  "  Proceedings  "  at  is.  each. 

Any  Member  joining  the  Club  and  paying  his  subscription 
in  a  year  for  which  no  volume  may  be  issued  is  entitled  to  a 
copy  of  the  one  last  previously  issued. 

Members  are  requested  to  give  notice  to  the  Treasurer  of 
any  change  in  their  address. 

Members  desiring  to  withdraw  from  the  Club  are  requested 
to  (jive  notice  to  the  Treasurer,  in  order  to  avoid  the  trouble 
and  expense  incurred  in  sending  them  Notices  of  Meetings, 
&c.  ;  but  until  such  notice  is  given  they  are  liable  to  pay 
the  Annual  Subscription,  due  to  the  Club  on  and  after 
January  ist  each  year. 


fa 


AND 


lntijjuin|iatt  Jmhl  tltttr, 


INAUGURATED   MARCH  26th,  1875. 


presiDent : 

J.  C.  MAXSEL-PLEYDELL,  ESQ.,  J.P.,  F.G.S,  F.L.S. 

Wce-lpresiDeuts : 

REV.  CANON  Sm  TALBOT  H.  B.  BAKER,  BART. 
GENERAL  PITT  RIVERS,  F.R.S. 

REV.  0.  P.  CAMBRIDGE,  M.A.,  F.R.S.,  C.M.Z.S.,  &c. 
(Hon.  Treasurer). 

HON.  MORTON  G.  STUART,  F.G.S. 
NELSON  M.  RICHARDSON,  ESQ.,  B.A.,  F.E.S.  (Hon.  Secretary). 


VII. 

Ibonoran?  Members : 

W.    CARRUTHERS,    Esq.,   F.R.S.,    F.G.S.,    F.L.S.,   British    Museum, 

S.  Kensington. 

R.  ETHERIDGE,  Esq.,  F.R.S.,  F.G.S.,  British  Museum,  S.  Kensington. 

ALFRED  NEWTON,  Esq.,  M.A.,  F.R.S.,  Professor  of  Zoology  and  Com- 
parative Anatomy,  Magdalen  College,  Cambridge. 

G.  R.  WOLLASTON,  Esq.,  Chiselhurst. 

Rev.  OSMOND  FISHER,  M.A.,  F.G.S.,  &c.,  Harlton  Rectory,  Cambridge. 

Mr.  A.  M,  WAT.LIS,  29,  Mallams,  Portland. 


LIST   OF   MEMBERS 

OF  THE 

lovset  JUtuntl  Distort)  vtnb  Jtntiqtianim 
Jieib  Slurb. 


The  Right  Reverend  the  Lord 

Bishop  of  Salisbury 
The    Right     Reverend      the 

Bishop  of  Southwark 

The    Right     Hon.     Viscount 

Portman 
Tlic  Right  Hon.  Lord  Eustace 

Cecil 

The  Right  Hon.  Lord  Digby 
TheRight  Hon.LordStalbridge 
The  Right  Hon.  Lord  Walsing- 

hani 

Acland,  Captain  John 
Acton,  Rev.  Edward 
Acton,  Rev.  J. 
Aldridge,  Reginald,  Esq. 
Allen,  George,  Esq. 
Allhusen,  Wilton,  Esq. 
Allinan,  G.  J.,  Esq.,  L.L.D., 

F.R.S.,  &c.,  &c. 
Andrews,  T.  C.  W.,  Esq. 
Baker,  E.  Whitley,  Esq. 
Baker,  Rev.  Sir  Talbofc,  Bart. 

(  Vice-P  resident) 
Baker,  Surgeon-Colonel  J.  B. 
Barikes,  Albert,  Esq. 


The  Palace,  Salisbury 

Dartmouth  House,  Blackheath  Hill, 
London,  S.E. 

Bryanston,  Blandford 

Lytchet'o  Heath,  Poole 

Minterne,  Dorcbester 

12,  Upper  Brook  Street,  London 

Merton  Hall,  Thetford,  Norfolk 

Martinstown,  Dorchester 

Hinton  St.  Mary  Vicarage,  Blandiord 

Iwerne  Minster,  Blandford 

Poole 

Strangways,  Marnhull,  Blandford 

Clevelands,  Lyme  Regis 

A rd more,  Parkstone 

1,  Buxton  Villas,  Rod  well,  Wey  mouth 

Glencairn,  Wimborne 

Ranston  House,  Blandford 
13,  (Cornwall  Road,  Dorchester 
Wolfeton  House,  Dorchester. 


Bankes,  Eustace  Ralph,  Esq. 
Bankes,  Rev.  Canon  Eldon  S. 
Bankes,  W.  Ralph,  Esq. 
Barnes,  Mrs.  John  lies 
Barnes,  Rev.  W.  M. 
Barrett,W.Bowles,Esq.,F.L.S. 
Bartlett,  Rev.  R.  G. 
Baskett,  Rev.  C.  R. 
Baskett,  S.  R.,  Esq. 
Bassett,  Rev.  T. 
Batten,  H.  B.,  Esq. 
Batten,  John,  Esq. 
Batten,  Colonel  Mount 
Batten,  Miss  Mount 
Beckford,  F.  J.,  Esq. 
Belben,  Robert,  Esq. 
Bellasis,  W.  Dalglish,  Esq. 
Blanchard,  E.  W.,  Esq. 
Bodington,  Rev.  Eric  James 
Bond,  N.,  Esq. 
Bond,  Rev.  John 
Bonser,  Geo.,  Esq. 
Bousfield,  Rev.  E.  H. 
Bowden,  Miss  Mary 
Bowen,  J.  H.,  Esq. 
Bower,  H.  Syndercombe,  Esq. 
Brennand,  W.  E.,  Esq. 
Bright,  Percy  M.,  Esq. 
Browne,A.J.Jukes,Esq  F.G.S. 

Browning,Benjamin,Esq.,M.D. 
Brymer,  Rev.  J.  G. 
Budden,  Alfred,  Esq. 
Burt,  F.  A.,  Esq. 
Burt,  Miss  Emma 
Butler,    C.    McArthur,    Esq. 
M.S.  A. 

Butts,  Capt. 

Cambridge,  Colonel  J.  P. 
Cambridge,  Mrs.  Pickard 


Corfe  Castle  Rectory,  Wareham 

Corfe  Castle  Rectory,  Wareham 

Kingston  Lacy,  Wimborne 

Summer  Hayes,  Blandford 

Monkton  Rectory,  Dorchester 

Weymouth 

Corfe  Castle,  Wareham 

Birstwith  Vicarage,  Ripley,  Leeds 

Evershot 

Houghton  Rectory,  Blandford 

Aldon,  Yeovil 

Aldon,  Yeovil 

Upcerne,  Dorchester 

Upcerne,  Dorchester 

Witley,  Parkstone 

Longfleet,  Poole 

Lulworth  Castle,  Wareham 

Fernside,  Parkstone 

Osmington  Vicarage,  Dorchester 

Creech  Grange,  Wareham 

Tyneham,  Wareham 

Seaborough  Court,  Crewkerne 

Vicarage,  Milton  Abbas,  Dorchester 

West  Walks,  Dorchester 

Bank  Buildings,  Weymouth 

Fontmell  Parva,  Shillings  tone,  Blandford 

Blandford 

Roccabruna,  Bournemouth 

Geological    Survey    Cilice,   28,   Jermyn 

Street,  London 
Weymouth 

Childe  Okeford  Rectory,  Blandford 
Wimborne 
Swanage 
Purbeck  House,  Swanage 

Salisbury  Chambers,  Boscombe,  Bourne- 
mouth 

The  Salterns,  Parkstone,  Dorset 
Bloxworth  House,  Wareham 
10,  Gloucester  Row,  Weymouth 


X. 


Cambridge,  Rev.  0.  P.,  F.R.S. 

( Vice- President   and   Hon. 

Treasurer) 

Carter,  William,  Esq. 
Cattle,  Rev.  William 
Chadwick,  Mrs. 
Chudleigh,  Rev.  Augustine 
Church,  Col.  Arthur 
Clarence,Lovell  Burchett,Esq. 
Clarke,  R.  Stanley,  Esq. 

Climenson,  Rev.  John 
Clinton,  E.  Fynes,  Esq. 
Clinton,  Rev.  C.  H.  Fynes 
Colfox,  Miss  A.  L. 
Colfox,  Mrs.  Thos. 
Colfox,  T.  A.,  Esq. 
Colfox,  W.,  Esq. 
Coote,  Rev.  H.  C. 
Cope,  Rev.  J.  Staines 
Cothei,  Rev.  P.  S. 
Cotton,  Lieut. -Colonel 
Crespi,  Dr. 

Criekmay,  G.  R.,  Esq. 
Cross,  Rev.  J. 

Cull,  James,  Esq. 

Cunnington,  Edward,  Esq, 
Curme,  Decimus,  Esq. 
Curtis,  C.  II.,  Esq. 
D'Aeth,  C.  C.  Hughes,  Esq. 
Dale,  (1.  \V.,  Esq. 
Damon,  Robert,  Esq. 
Dansey,  Miss  S.  J.  T. 
Davis,  Geo.,  Esq. 
Digby,  J.  K.  D.  W.,Esq.,M.P, 
Drax,  W.  S.  E.,  Esq. 
Drncker,  Adolfe,  Esq. 
Dugmore,  H.  Radcliffe,  Esq. 
Dundas,  Rev.  C.  L. 


Bloxworth  Rectory,  Wareham 

The  Heritage,  Parkstone 

Charlton,  Blandford 

Chetnole,  Sherborne 

West  Parley  Rectory,  Wimborne 

St.  A I  ban's,  Rod  well,  Wey  mouth 

Coaxdon,  Axminster 

West  Milton,  Melplash,  R.S.O., 

Dorset 

Shiplake  Vicarage,  Henley-on-Tharnes 
Wimborne 
Rectory,  Blandford 
Westmead,  Bridport 
Rax  House,  Bridporfc 
Coneygar,  Bridport 
Westmead,  Bridport 
St.  John's  Lodge,  Wimborne 
Chaldon  Vicarage,  Dorchester 
Rectoiy,  Bradford  Peverell,  Dorchester 
Ing  Ravan,  Carl  ton  Road,  Weymouth. 
Wimborne 
Weymouth 
Bail  lie  House,  Sturminster  Marshall, 

Wimborne 
47,  Phillimore  Gardens,  Campden  Hill, 

London,  W. 

Alma  House,  Weymouth 
Childe  Okeford 
Blandford 

Buckhorn  Weston,  Wincanton 
Glanvilles  Wootton,  Sherborne 
Weymouth 
Fairfield,  W  eym.ou.th 
Dorchester 
Sherborne  Castle 
Holnest,  Sherborne 
39A,  Cur/on  Street,  London,  W. 
The  Mount,  Parkstone,  Poole 
Chaimiiibter  Vicarage,  Dorchester 


XI. 


Eaton,  H.  S.,  Esq. 

Edgcumbe,  Sir  Robert  Pearce 
Elford,  H.  B.,  Esq. 
Ehves,  Captain  G.  R. 
Embleton,    D.    C.,     Esq., 
F.R.  Met.  Soc. 

Evans,  Rev.  Canon 
Evans,  W.  H.,  Esq. 
Everett,  Mrs. 
Everingham,  Mrs. 
Falkner,  C.  G.,  Esq. 
Fane,  Frederick,  Esq. 
Farley,  Rev.  H. 
Farrer,  Oliver,  Esq. 
Farrer,  Rev.  W. 
Fetherstonhaugh-Frampton, 

R.,  Esq. 

Filleul,  Rev.  S.  E.  V. 
Filliter,  Freeland,  Esq. 
Filliter,  George,  Esq. 
Filliter,  Rev.  VV.  D. 
Fisher,  F.  B.,  Esq.,  M.D. 
Fletcher,  W.  H.  B.,  Esq. 
Fletcher,  W.  J.,  Esq. 
Floyer,  G.,  Esq. 
Fogerty,  F.  G.,  Esq. 
Forbes,  Mrs. 

Forrester,  Hugh  Carl,  Esq. 
Forrester,  Mrs. 
Foster,  Charles  J. ,  Esq. 
Freame,  R.,  Esq. 
Freeman,  Rev.  H.  P.  Williams 
French,  Alfred,  Esq. 
Fry,  Edward  Alexander,  Esq. 
Fyler,  J.  W.,  Esq. 
Gallwey,  Captain  E.  Payne 
Gal  pin,  G.,  Esq. 

George,  C.  E.  A.,  Esq. 


The  National  Club,  Whitehall, 

London,  S.W. 
Dorchester 
Market  Street,  Poole 
Bossington,  Bournemouth 

St.  Wilfred's,  St.  Michael's  Road, 

Bournemouth 

St.  Alphege,  Parkstone,  Dorset 
Forde  Abbey,  Chard 
Peveril  Tower,  Swanage 
Somerleigh  Gate,  Dorchester 
The  College,  Weymouth 
Moyles  Court,  Fordingbridge 
Lytchett  Minster,  Poole 
Binnegar  Hall,  Wareham 
Vicarage,  Bere  Regis 

Moreton  House,  Dorchester 

All  Saints'  Rectory,  Dorchester 

Wareham 

Wareham 

Steeple,  Wareham 

West  Walk  House,  Dorchester 

Fairlawn,  Worthing,  Sussex 

Wimborne 

Stafford,  Dorchester 

2,  St.  Peter's  Terrace,  Bournemouth 

Shillingstone,  Blandford 

Shaftesbury 

Bryanstone,  Blandford 

Dorchester 

Gillingham 

A ff puddle  Vicarage,  Dorchester 

Wimborne 

172,  Edmund  Street,  Birmingham 

Hethfeltoh,  Wareham 

1,  Clearmount,  Rodwell,  Weymouth 

Clarendon    Court,    Clarendon    Road, 

Bournemouth 
Fleet  House,  near  Weymouth 


Xll. 

George,  Mrs. 

Gibbens,  Rev  William,  B.D. 

Girdlestone,  Mrs. 

Glyn,  Carr  Stuart,  Esq. 

Glyn,  Rev.  V.  W. 

Glyn,  Sir  R.,  Bart. 

God  man,  F.  Du  Cane,    Esq., 

F.R.S. 

Goodden,  J.  R.  P.,  Esq. 
Goodridge,  Capt.  John, 

F.R.A.S. 
Goodridge,  Miss 
Gorringe,  Rev.  T.  R. 
Graham,  Dr.  Geo. 
Greves,  Hayla,  Esq.,  M.D. 
Griffin,  F.  C.  G.,  Esq.,  M.B., 
Groves,  T.  B.,  Esq., 
Groves,  W.  E. ,  Esq. 
Hadow,  Rev.  J.  L.  G. 
Haggard,  Rev.  II.  A. 
Hall,  Chas.  Lillington,  Esq. 

Hambro,  Mrs. 
Hankey,  Rev.  Montagu 
Hansford,  Charles,  Esq. 
Hardcastle,  J.  A.,  Esq. 
Harrison,  Rev.  F.  T. 
Hart-Dyke,  Rev.  Canon  P. 
Hart,  Edward,  Esq.,  F.Z.S. 
Hawkins,  W.,  Esq. 
Hayes,  Miss 
Hayne,  R.,  Esq.,  Jun. 
Head,  J.  Merrick,  Esq. 
Henning,  Lieut.  -General,  C.B. 
Hibbs,  Geo.,  Esq. 
Highton,  Rev.  E. 
Hogg,  B.  A.,  Esq. 
Honeywell,  F.,  Esq. 


Fleet  House,  near  Weymouth 
Wyncombe,  Iddlesleigh  Road, 

Bournemouth 
Monksdene,  Dorchester  Road, 

Weymouth 

Woodleaze,  Wimborne 
Fontmell  Magna,  Shaftesbury 
Gaunts  House,  Wimborne 

South  Lodge,  Lower  Beeding,  Horsham 
Compton  House,  Sherborne 

38,  St.  Deny's  Road,  Southampton 

Childe  Okeford,  Blandford 

Manston  Rectory,  Blandford 

Wimborne 

Rodney  House,  Bournemouth 

Royal  Terrace,  Weymouth 

Belmont,  Seldown,  Poole 

Dorchester 

18,  Royal  Terrace,  Weymouth 

Stourpaine,  Blandford 

Osmington  Lodge,  Osmington,  Wey- 
mouth 

Milton  Abbey,  Blandford 

Maiden  Newton  Rectory,  Dorchester 

Dorchester 

Beaminster 

Milton  Abbas  School,  Blandford 

Lullingstone,  Wimborne 

Christchurch 

Abbotsbury,  Dorchester 

Dorset  County  Hospital,  Dorchester 

Fordington  House,  Dorchester 

Pennsylvania  Castle,  Portland 

Frome,  Dorchester 

Bere  Regis,  Wareham 

Tarrant  Keynston  Rectory,  Blandford 

Dorchester 

The  Elms,  Surbiton  Road,  Kingston-on- 
Thames 


Kill. 


Hopkins,  Rev.  Henry  Gordon 
Horsfall,  John,  Esq.,  F.S.A. 
House,  Edward,  Esq. 
House,  Harry  Hammond,  Esq. 
Howard,  Sir  R.  N. 
Howell,  Rev.  F.  B. 
Hudson,  A.  E.,  Esq.,  M.A. 
Hudson,  Dr.  Horace 
Huntley,  H.  E.,  Esq. 
Hurdle,  H.  A.,  Esq. 
Hussey,  Rev.  J. 
Ilbert,  Arthur,  Esq. 
Kelly,  Alex.,  Esq. 
Kerr,  Dr.  E. 

Lafontaine,  Alfred  C.  de,  Esq. 
Lamb,  Captain  Stephen  E. 
Langford,  Rev.  J.  F. 

Lattey,  Dr.  Arthur 

Lawton,  H.  A.,  Esq.,  M.D., 
Leach,  J.  Comyns,  Esq.,  M.D. 

Leonard,  Rev.  A. 
Lewis,  Rev.  G.  Bridges 
Linklater,  Rev.  Robert 

Linton,  Rev.  E.  F. 

Lister,  Arthur,  Esq. 
Lister,  Miss  Guilelma 
Llewhellin,  G.  W.,  Esq. 
Lock,  A.  H.,  Esq. 
Lock,  B.  F.,  Esq. 
Lock.  Miss  Mary  C. 
Lonsdale,  Rev.  J.  H. 
Luff,  Montagu,  Esq. 
Lush,  Win.  Vaudrey,  Esq., 

M.D.,  F.R.C.P. 
Lush,  Mrs. 
Macdonald,  P.W.,  Esq.,  M.D., 


Hampreston  Rectory,  Wimborne 

Cambray,  Bournemouth 

Tomson,  Blandford 

Malvern  College,  Malvern 

Weymouth. 

Upwey  Rectory,  Dorchester 

The  Pines,  Parkstone,  Dorset 

Sturminster  Newton 

Charlton  House,  Blandford 

7,  Gloucester  Terrace,  Weymouth 

Pimperne  Rectory,  Blandford 

Westbrook  House,  Upwey,  Dorchester 

Mayfield,  Parkstone 

South  Street,  Dorchester 

Athelhampton,  Dorchester 

29,  Great  Cumberland  Place,  London 

Holy  Trinity  Parsonage,  11,  Rue  de  la 
Buffa,  Nice 

Hollywood,  Kirtleton  Avenue,  Wey- 
mouth 

High  Street,  Poole 

The  Lindens,  Sturminster  Newton, 
Blandford 

Vicarage,  Beaminster 

4,  Church  Road,  Broadstone,  Wimborne 
Holy    Trinity  Rectory,   Stroud    Green, 

London,  N. 
Crymlyn,      Branksome    Wood      Road, 

Bournemouth 
High  Cliffe,  Lyme  Regis 
High  Cliffe,  Lyme  Regis 
Brookfield,  Blandford 
53,  High  West  Street,  Dorchester 

5,  New  Square,  Lincoln's  Inn,  London 
42,  High  East  Street,  Dorchester 
Shroton  Rectory,  Blandford 
Blandford 

12,  Frederick  Place,  Weymouth 
12,  Frederick  Place,  Weymouth 
County  Asylum,  Dorchester 


XIV. 


Malan,  E.  C.,  Esq. 
Manger,  A.  T.,  Esq. 
Mansel-Pleyclell,  J.  C.,  Esq. 

(President) 

Mansel-Pleydell,  Mrs. 
Hansel,  Rev.  Owen  L. 
March,  H.  Colley,  Esq.,  M.D. 
Marriott,  Sir  W.  Smith,  Bart. 
Marshall,  Rev.  Chas.  J. 
Mason,  Philip  B.,  Esq.,  F.L.S. 
Mason,  Rev.  H.  J. 
Mate,  William,  Esq. 
Maunsell,  Rev.  F.  W. 
Mayo,  George,  Esq. 
Mayo,  Rev.  Canon  C.  H. 
McLean,  Dr.  Allan 
Mead,  Miss 

Medlycott,  Sir  Edwd.B.,Bart. 
Middleton,  H.  B.,  Esq. 
Middleton,  H.  N.,  Esq. 
Miller,  Rev.  J.  A.,  B.D. 
Milne,  Rev.  Percy 
Moorhead,  J.,  Esq.,  M.D. 
Morforu,  Rev.  A. 
Moule,  H.  J.,  Esq. 
Murray,  Rev.  R.  P.,  F.L.S. 
Okeden,  Colonel  Parry 
Palmer,  Colonel  R.  H. 
Parker,  H.  W.,  Esq. 
Pass,  AlfredC.,  Esq. 
Patey,  Miss 
Patey,  Russell,  Esq. 
Payne,  Miss 
Payne,  Miss  Eleanor 
Payne,  Miss  Florence 
Penney,  W.,  Esq.,  A.L.S. 
Penny,  Rev.  J. 
Perkins,  Rev.  T. 
Peto,  Sir  Henry,  Bart. 
Philbrick,  His  Honour  Judge 

Frederick  Adolphus 


Blackdown  House,  Orewkerne 
Stock  Hill,  Gillingliam 

Whatcombe,  Blandford 
Whatcombe,  Blandford 
Church  Knowle,  Wareham 
Portisham,  Dorchester 
Down  House,  Blandford 
Shillingstone  Rectory,  Blandford 
Trent  House,  Burton-on-Trent 
Wigston  Magna  Vicarage,  Leicester 
62,  Commercial-road,  Bournemouth 
Symondsbury  Rectory,  Bridport 
Rocklands,  Rodwell,  Weymouth 
Longburton  Vicarage,  Sherborne 
St.  Martin's,  Weymouth 
5,  Brunswick  Buildings,  Weymouth 
Ven,  Milborne  Port,  Sherborne 
Bradford  Peverell,  Dorchester 
Bradford  Peverell,  Dorchester 
The  College,  Weymouth 
Evershot  Rectory,  Dorchester 

1,  Royal  Terrace,  Weymouth 
Poole 

The  County  Museum,  Dorchester 

Shapwick  Rectory,  Blandfcrd 

Turnworth,  Blandford 

Okla,  Lansdowne,  Weymouth 

Blandford 

The  Holmes,  Stoke  Bishop,  Bristol 

Farrs,  Wim  borne 

Farrs,  Wimborne 

2,  Westerhall  Villas,  Weymouth 
2,  Westerhall  Villas,  Weymouth 
Rydal,  Wimborne 

Poole 

Tarrant  Rushton  Rectory,  Blandford 
Turnworth  Rectory,  Blandford 
Chedington  Court,  Misterton,  Crewkerne 

Barwick,  near  Yeovil 


Phillips,  James  Henry,  Esq. 

Phillips,  Miss 

Philpot,  J.  E.  D.,  Esq. 

Phil  pots,      John     R.,      Esq., 

L.C.R.P.'andS.  Ed.,  J.P. 
Pike,  Laurence,  Esq. 
Pike,  T.  M.,  Esq. 

Pinney,  C.  F.,Esq. 
Pond,  S.,  Esq. 

Pouting,  Chas.  E.,  Esq.,  F.S.A 
Pope,  A.,  Esq. 
Portman,  Hon.  Miss 
Prideaux,  C.  S.,  Esq. 
Pulliblank,  Rev.  Joseph 
Pye,  William,  Esq. 
llatcliff,  Mrs.  M.  E. 
Radclyffe,  Eustace,  Esq. 
Ravenhill,    Rev.     Canon    H., 
R.D. 

Reynolds,  Alfred,  Esq. 
Reynolds,  Mrs.  Arthur 
Riccard,  Miss 
Richardson,     N.      M.,      Esq. 

( 'Vice-President    and    Hon. 

Secretary) 

Ricketts,  Geo.  H.  M.,  Esq. 
Ridley,  Rev.  O.  M. 
Ridley,  Rev.  Stewart 
Rivers,    General  Pitt,    F.R.S. 

(  Vice- President) 
Rixon,  W.  A.,  Esq. 

Robinson,  Mrs.  Octavius 
Robinson,  Sir  Charles,  F.S.A., 
Rodd,  Edward  Stanhope,  Esq. 
Rooper,  T.  G.,  Esq. 
Ruegg,  L.  H.,  Esq. 
Russell,  Colonel 
Ptussell,  Godfrey  F.,  Esq. 


Poole 

Okeford  Fitzpaine,  Blandford 

Lyme  Regis 

Moorcroft,  Parkstone 

Furzebrook,  Corfe  Castle,  Wareham 

c/o    Miss    Pike,     Elim,     Shortlands, 

Kent 

Brooklands,  Beaniinster,  Dorset 
Blandford 

Lockeridge,  Marlborough 
South  Court,  Dorchester 
Littleton  House,  Blandford 
51,  High  West  Street.  Dorchester 
Rampisham  Rectory,  Dorchester 
Dunmore,  Rodwell,  Weymouth 
Mount  Pleasant,  Weymouth 
Hyde,  Wareham 

Buckland    Newton     Vicarage,     Dor- 
chester 

Mil  borne  Port,  Sherborne 
Bridport 
Somerleigh  Gate,  Dorchester 


Montevideo,  Chickerell,  near  Weymouth 
Cranemore  Lodge,  Christchurch 
East  Hill,  Charminster,  Dorchester 
Milborne  Port,  Sherborne 

Rushmore,  Salisbury 

The     Manor     House,     Corfe     Castle, 

Wareham 

Redlynch  House,  Downton,  Salisbury 
Newton  Manor,  Swanage 
Chardstock  House,  Chard 
Pen  Selwood,  Bournemouth 
Westbury,  Sherborne 
Clavinia,  Weymouth 
Kiuson  House,  Wimborne 


XVI. 


Russell-Wright,  Rev.  T. 
Schuster,  Rev.  W.  P. 
Scorer,  A.  P.,  Esq. 

Searle,  Allan,  Esq. 
Serrell,  D.  H.,  Esq. 

Shearman,  John,  Esq. 

Shephard,  Major  C.  S. 

Shephearcl,  T.,  Esq. 

Sherren,  J.  A.,  Esq. 

Simpson,  Miss 

Si ve wright,  Robert,  Esq. 

Smart,  Rev.  B.  C. 

Snook,  S.  P.,  Esq.,  M.R.C.S., 
Engld.,  L.R.C.P.,  Lond. 

Solly,  Rev.  H.  S. 

Sowter,  Rev.  F.  B.,  The  Yen. 
Archdeacon  of  Dorset 

Sparks,  W.,  Esq. 

Stephens,  R.  Darrell ,  Esq. 
F.G.S.,  F.L,S.,F.Z.S. 

Stewart,  Jas.  S.,  Esq. 

Stilwell,  Mrs. 

Stone,  Walter  Bos  well,  Esq. 

Stroud,  Rev.  J. 

Stuart  -  Gray,  Colonel  Hon. 
Jas. 

Stuart,  Hon.  Morton  G.  (  Vice- 
President) 

Sturdy,  Leonard,  Esq. 

Sturdy,  Philip,  Esq. 

Sty  ring,  F.,  Esq. 

Suttill,  J.  T.,  Esq. 

Swift  B.  R.,  Esq. 

Sydenhani,  Bavid,  Esq. 

Sykes,  Ernest  R.,  Esq., 

Symes,  G.  P.,  Esq. 
Symonds,  Henry,  Esq. 


Purbeck  College,  Swanage 

Vicarage,  West  Lulworth 

Abercorn      Lodge,      Upper      Hamilton 

Terrace,  London 
Wilts  and  Dorset    Banking  Company, 

Southampton 
Haddon      Lodge,      Stourton     Caundle, 

Blandford 

Peveril  House,  Swanage 
Charminster,  Borchester 
Kingsley,  Bournemouth 
Weymouth 

2,  St.  John's  Terrace,  Weymouth 
Eastbrook  Hoiiee,  Upwey,  Dorchester 
Milborne  St.  Andrew,  Blandford 

20,  Trinity  Road,  Weymouth 
Bridport 

Borchester 
Crevvkerne 

Trewornan,  Wadebridge 
Beesa,  Parkstone 
Steepleton  Manor,  Borchester 
Shute  Haze,  Walditch,  Bridport 
South  Perrott,  Crewkerne 

Kinfauns.  Perthshire 

2,  Belford  Park,  Edinburgh 
Trigon,  Wareham 
Branksome,  near  Bournemouth 
The  Yarrells,  Poole 
Bridport 

45,  South  Street,  Borchester 
Bournemouth 

3,  Gray's  Inn  Place,  Gray's  Inn,  London, 
E.C. 

11,  Victoria  Terrace,  Weymouth 
Oakdale,  Farquhar  Road,  Edgbaston 


XV11. 


Tennant,  Major-General 
Thomas,  Rev.  S.  Vosper 
Thompson,  J.  Roberts,  Esq., 

M.D. 
Thompson,  Rev.  G, 

Thurlow,  Rev.  Alfred  R. 
Todd,  Mrs. 
Trew,  Rev.  C.  0. 
Tucker,  Mrs. 
Turner,  W.,  Esq. 
Tweed,  Rev.  Canon  H.  E. 
Udal,  The  Hon.  J.  S. 

Ushenvood,  Rev.  Canon  T.  E. 
Walker,  Dr.  A.  McNammee 
Walker,  Rev.  S.  A. 
Ward,  Rev.  J.  H. 

Warre,  Rev.  F. 
Watson,  Rev.  C.  O. 

Watson,  Rev.  William 

Watts,  Colonel 

Watts,    Rev.     Canon    R.    R., 

R.D. 

Weaver,  Rev.  F.  W. 
Webb,  E.  Doran,  Esq. 
Weld-Blundell,  H.,  Esq. 
Werninck,  Rev.  Wynn 
West,  Rev.  G.  H.,  D.D. 
Whitby,  Joseph,  Esq. 

White,  Dr.  Gregory 
Willcox,  B.  A.,  Esq. 
Williams,  E.  W.,  Esq. 
Williams,  Robert,  Esq.,  M.P. 
Williams,  Mrs. 
Wilton,  Dr.  John   Pleydell 
Wilton,  E.  H.,  Esq. 


8,  Belvedere,  Weymouth 

Moxley,  Wednesbury,  Staffordshire 

Monkchester,  Bournemouth 

Highbury,    Bodorgan  Road,    Bourne- 
mouth 

Hilton  Vicarage,  Blandford 

Keynston  Lodge,  Blandford 

Alvediston  Vicarage,  Salisbury 

Treverlyn,  Weymouth 

High  Street,  Poole 

St.  John's  Villa,  Weymouth 

c/o  Lovell,   Son,  and  Pitfield,   3,  Gray's 
Inn  Square,  London 

Rossmore,  Parkstone 

Tower  House,  Parkstone 

Spetisbury  Rectory,  Blandford 

Silverton    Rectory,    near     Cullompton, 
Devon 

Bemerton,  Wilts 

The    Vicarage,     Bothenhampton,    near 
Bridport 

Broadwej,  near  Ilminster 

34A,  South  Audley  Street,  London 

Stourpaine  Rectory,  Blandford 
Milton  Vicarage,  Evercreech,  Somerset 
Mitre  House,  Salisbury 
Lul worth,  Wareham 
Walditch  Vicarage,  Bridport 
Ascham  House,  Bournemouth 
Frome  St.  Quentin  House,  Cattistock, 

Dorset 

West  Knoll,  Bournemouth 
28,  Portman  Square,  London,  W. 
Herringaton,  Dorset 
Bridehead,  Dorchester 
Bridehead,  Dorchester 
Pulteney  Buildings,  Weymouth 
Antwerp  Villa,  Dorchester  Road,  Wey- 
mouth 


XV111. 

Wordsworth,  Rev.  Canon  Tyneham  Rectory,  Wareham 

Wright,  H.  E.,  Esq.  Southend  House,  Wickwar,  Gloucester 

Wynne,  Rev.  G.  H.  Whitechurch  Vicarage,  Blandford 

Yeatman,  Mrs.  Park  Place,  Blandford 

Young,  E.  W.,  Esq.  Dorchester 


The  above  list  includes  the  New  Members  elected  in  1895. 


JUto  Itttmbcvs  dkcicl)  since  the  fhibltcntion 
of  ioi.  xbi 


The  names  of  the  Proposer  and  Seconder  are  given  in  brackets  opposite 
to  the  name  of  the  new  member.  The  addresses  may  be  seen  in  the 
general  list  of  members. 


DECEMBER  ISTH,  1895,  DORCHESTER  MEETING. 

Bartlett,Kev.R.G.  {Sonl  T^u-fr* 

Belben,  Robert,  Esq.  { J;  »;  °™fe ** 

fW,  Hawkins,  Esq. 
Graham,  Dr.  Geo.  |j  H  Phillips>  E^ 

,    „  f  J.  H.  Phillips,  Esq., 

Sturdy,  Leonard,  Esq.  |  Hon  TreasuFrei, 

FEBRUARY  HTH,  1896,  DORCHESTER  MEETING. 

(Rev.  O.  M.  Ridley 
Dundas,  Rev.  C.  L.  |A   Bankes>  Esq. 

TT   ^  11        i-         n/r  T-k       fE.  Cunnington,  Esq. 
March,  H.  Colley,  Esq.,  M.D.     {Colonel  Co°tton' 

/H.  J.  Moule,  Esq. 
Riccard,  Miss  |Rev>  Q  M  Ridley 

,        T    „     v  /T.  B.  Groves,  Esq. 

Shepheard,  T.,  Esq.  |G  Galpin,  Esq. 

,        ,.-  ? These  two  members  were  duly  elected, 

lucker,  Mrs.  I      ^ufc  ^Q  names  Of  proposer  and  secon- 

Walker,  Dr.  McNammee  (     der  were, unfortunately,  not  recorded. 

fW.  Col  fox,  Esq. 
Watson,  Rev.  C.  O.  |T  A  Colfox>  ^ 

MAY  7TH,  1896,  ANNUAL  MEETING,  DORCHESTER. 

,        T    -,-,  /H.  J.  Moule,  Esq. 

Foster,  Charles,  J.,  Esq.  |Hon>  Treasul.er 

/Colonel  Russell 
Girdlestone,  Mrs.  |Rev  j   Miller 

/E.  H.  Wilton,  Esq. 
Lattey,  Dr.  Arthur  |E  Cunnington,  Esq. 

Philbrick,  His  Honour  Judge     /Sir  R.  N.  Howard 
Frederick  Adolphus  I  Hon.  Treasurer 

fH.  J.  Moule,  Esq. 
Prideaux,  C.  S.,  Esq.  |R  Hayne,  jun.,  Esq. 


XX. 

MAY  VTH,  1896,  ANNUAL  MEETING,  DORCHESTER— (continued). 

•n  x  IMF  n/r      n/r   T*  fE.  H.  Wilton,  Esq. 

Batchff,  Mrs.  M.  E.  {  E   Cunningto'n>  E4sq< 

Sivewright,  Robert,  Esq.  {  g*^;  |;qAdand 

Sowter,  Rev.  F.  B.  (Ven.  Arch-     jHon.  Treasurer 
deacon  of  Dorset)  \  Rev.  Sir  T.  Baker,  Bart. 

AUGUST  13TH,  1896,  BLANDFORD  MEETING. 

^nrtiq   f1    TT     Fsn  j"!  resident 

jSirW.  Marriott,  Bart, 

Haggard,  Rev.  H.  A.  |  R^v '£^T  WattS 

Hart-Dyke,  Rev.  Canon  P.  /  Captain  Carr  Glyn 


Pn««    Alfi-Prl  r     f?an  r  General  Pitt-Rivers 

Pass,  Alfi       0.,  Esq.  \President 


Pond,  S.,  Esq.  -f°"'reaSUrev 

\  P.  B.  Groves,  Esq. 

SEPTEMBER  DTH,  1896,  SWANAGE  MEETING. 

Filliter  Rev  W  D  TG-  C.  Filliter,  Esq. 

JF.Filliter,  Esq. 

Georo-e   C  E    A    Fsn  /Hon.  Secretary 

{j.  Moorhead,  Esq.,  M.D. 


George,  Mrs.  /0,T, 

.    Moorhead,  Esq.,  M.T). 


Glyn,  Rev.  F.  W.  /S^l;  ^  R- 

\  H.  S.  Bower,  Esq. 

Hopkins,  Rev.  Henry  Gordon      /}.^-  Crespi 

tltev.  Canon  Hart-Dyke 

Horsfall,  John,  Esq.,  F.S.A.         /^  R>  ?»i]pots,  Esq. 

1  Captain  G.  R,  Ehves 

Phillips,  Miss  /Rev-  T.  R.  Gorringe 

\  Rev.  J.  H.  Lonsdale 

Webb,  E.  Doran.  Esq.  /Rev;  Sir  T-  Ba-^er,  Bart. 

I  H.  J.  Motile,  Esq. 


Willcox,  B.  A.,  Esq  I  J1011-  Secretary 

\  President 

NOVEMBER  20TH,  1896,  DORCHESTER  MEETING. 

Shearman,  John,  Esq.  /P°n;  Treasurer 

1  Sir  J.  C.  Robinson 

Sturdy,  Philip,  Esq.  j£  H.  Phillips,  Esq. 

I  Hon.  Treasurer 

Swift,  B.  R.,  Esq.  /Rev-  J-  Miller 

(  Hon.  Treasurer 

Yeatman,  Mrs.  (  Rev'  Canon  Watts 

IRev.  SirT.  Baker,  Bart. 


OF  THE 


iomt  Itatoral  Distort) 
Jfielb  €htb 

DURING  THE  SEASON  1895-96 


By  NELSON  M.  RICHARDSON,  B.A.,  F.E.S. 


THE  work  of  the  Club  during  the  season  1895-6  has  comprised  the 
Annual  Business  Meeting  at  the  County  Museum,  Dorchester,  on 
Tuesday,  May  14th,  1895  ;  a  Meeting  at  Beaulieu,  on  Monday,  June  10th  ; 
one  at  Melbury,  on  Thursday,  August  22nd  ;  one  at  Gaunt's  House  and 
the  neighbourhood  of  Wimborne,  on  Tuesday,  September  10th  ;  also  two 
Indoor  Meetings  at  the  County  Museum,  Dorchester,  on  Friday,  December 
13th,  1895,  and  Tuesday,  February  llth,  1896. 

Volume  XVI.  of  the  "Proceedings"  was  issued  in  the  winter.  It 
contained  a  general  index  to  the  contents  of  the  first  16  volumes. 


THE  ANNUAL  MEETING,  held  at  the  Museum  on  May  14th,  1895,  was 
attended  by  about  35  members,  the  President  being  in  the  chair. 

NEW  MEMBERS.— Five  were  elected. 

PRESIDENT'S  ADDRESS.— The  President  delivered  an  address  which 
will  be  found  at  page  liii.  of  Vol.  XVI.  After  referring  to  the  death  of 
Dr.  T.  W.  Wake  Smart  and  Mr.  John  Whittaker  Hulke,  F.R.S.,  he 
finished  the  review  of  Ancient  Plant-life,  commenced  in  a  former  address, 
and  referred  to  various  matters  of  interest  in  the  county  of  Dorset  and  in 
general  scientific  matters.  Sir  Talbot  Baker,  having  expressed  the  thanks 
of  the  Club,  the 

FINANCIAL  REPORT  was  read  by  the  Hon.  Treasurer,  Rev.  0.  P. 
Cambridge,  as  follows  : — 

"  This  is  about  the  20th  anniversary  of  the  formation  of  the  Club,  the 
date  of  which  was  March,  1875.  The  first  list  of  members,  which  was 
not  printed  till  two  years  after  the  inauguration  of  the  Club,  contained 
109  names,  Of  these  original  members  there  are  35  remaining,  or  3(J 


xxn. 


counting  one  who  sent  in  his  resignation  only  a  few  days  ago.  This  is 
a  very  large  number  out  of  109  to  have  kept  together  for  20  years,  and  it 
speaks  strongly  of  the  vigour  of  the  Club  from  the  beginning,  as  well  as 
of  the  members.  The  Club  has  had  but  one  President  during  these 
20  years,  who,  I  am  glad  to  say,  is  with  us  to-day.  It  has  had  only 
two  Treasurers,  of  whom  "  your  humble  servant"  is  one,  and  the  report 
which  he  is  about  to  present  will  be  his  13th.  Three  Secretaries  it 
has  had,  of  whom  death  deprived  it  of  the  first  and  departure  from 
these  latitudes  of  the  second.  I  sincerely  hope— and  it  is  a  hope 
which  I  am  sure  is  shared  by  every  member  of  the  club — that  it 
will  be  long  before  any  cause  deprives  them  of  the  third.  The 
membership  of  the  Club  has  shown  a  steady  growth.  In  1894  we  had 
an  effective  list  of  231  members  after  deducting  losses  by  death  and  re- 
signation. After  making  similar  deductions  we  have  now  313  members. 
The  resignations  have  been  numerous  during  the  last  year.  Since  the 
publication  of  Volume  XV.  eleven  have  resigned  ;  seven  could  no  longer 
be  considered  members  because  they  were  somewhat  contumacious  in  the 
matter  of  sending  in  the  "  sinews  of  war,"  and  six  have  died.  But  though 
by  a  kind  of  increasing  centrifugal  force  the  Club  has  thrown  off  a  good 
many  atoms,  yet  it  had  a  great  amount  of  internal  heat,  which  will 
attract  at  least  sufficient  matter  to  replace  the  lost  atoms.  As  regards 
the  accounts  for  the  year  1894-95  the  balance  from  the  previous 
year  was  £16  19s.  4d,  By  subscriptions  and  arrears  up  to  May 
8th  last  the  sum  received  is  £119  16s.  6d.,  and  by  sale  of  former 
"  Proceedings"  £15  Os.  6d.  Thus  the  receipts  altogether  amounted  to 
£151  16s.  4d.  On  the  expenditure  side  the  payments  to  various 
engravers  for  plates  for  the  volume  of  "  Proceedings  "  have  been  very 
heavy,  a  great  deal  more  than  the  year  before.  The  total  amount  paid 
for  plates  is  about  £45.  Another  reason  why  the  expenses  this  year 
have  been  heavier  is  that  the  volume  of  the  "  Proceedings  "  is  rather 
larger  than  Volume  XIV.,  and  350  copies  have  been  printed  instead  of 
325.  Next  year  we  shall  probably  have  to  content  ourselves  with  a  less 
profuse  volitme." 

The  accounts  were  handed  round  for  inspection  and  passed. 

REPORT  ON  THE  ADDITIONS  TO  THE  MUSEUM  DURING  THE  PAST 
YEAR. — The  following  report  was  read  by  the  Curator,  Mr.  II.  J. 
Moule  :— 

"Beginning,  as  on  former  occasions,  with  such  acquisitions  as  do  not 
belong  to  Dorset,  this  notice  should  record  the  gift  of  several  volumes  of 
Proceedings  of  various  antiquarian  and  other  societies,  containing  many 
valuable  articles.  For  instance,  the  Field  Club  has  given  the  volumes 


XX111. 


issued  for  last  year  by  the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Ireland,  by  the  Hants 
and  Warwickshire  Field  Clubs,  and  by  the  British  Association.  Again, 
Mr.  Bastick  presented  Vol.  XXXV.  of  Sussex  Arch.ieological  Collections,' 
and  Dr.  Miles,  of  Rome,  Vol.  II.,  No.  4  of  the  Journal  of  the 
Archaeological  Society  of  that  city,  containing  very  important  papers. 
We  have  also  received  several  of  the  gifts  for  which  we  annually  have  to 
thank  the  trustees  of  the  British  Museum— namely,  certain  numbers  of 
their  splendid  catalogues  and  monographs.  Another  valuable  gift  which 
may  here  be  fitly  notified  consists  of  all  the  12  volumes  of  the  first  series 
and  the  first  five  volumes  of  the  second  series  of  Notes  and  Queries. 
This  gift,  with  not  a  few  other  books,  came  from  Miss  Ashley  and 
Madame  de  Satge.  Now  we  are  eagerly  wishing  for  the  advent  of  some 
other  kind  friend  who  may  be  moved  to  fill  up  the  hiatus  in  our  series 
between  1857,  the  date  of  the  last  complete  early  volume,  and  1886,  with 
which  year  our  recent  series  begins.  Of  other  books,  we  may  here  name 
the  Parallel  Bible,  giving  the  authorised  and  revised  versions  side  by  side, 
and  a  volume  containing  selections  from  Holy  Scripture.  This  also  is  a 
parallel  edition,  but  here  the  versions  are  Korean  and  Chinese.  These 
books  were  given  by  Mr.  Hansford  and  the  Right  Rev.  Bishop  Moule 
respectively.  The  latter  has  also  given  a  photograph  of  the  great  tidal 
bore  in  the  Tsien-Tang  river  below  Hangchow.  In  this  category  there 
should  be  a  record  of  the  gift  of  the  History  of  Dorchester,  America,  by 
Dr.  Gushing,  of  that  town,  or  rather  of  that  suburb  of  Boston,  Mr. 
Bastick  has  given  ten  large  engravings  of  Roman  antiquities,  and  Mr.  A. 
Bankes  has  lent  a  Russian  railway  guide  for  England.  Gifts  and  loans 
to  the  Museum  itself,  and  not  connected  with  Dorset,  have  not  been 
many.  It  may  suffice  to  mention  the  following  :— A  large  globe  fish  from 
Miss  Ashley  and  Madame  de  Satge,  a  young  alligator  from  Mr.  Whitby, 
a  gavial  lent  by  the  Rev.  E.  P.  Cambridge,  an  African  straw  hat  of 
wonderful  size  from  Mr.  Beavis,  and  several  things  from  British  Guiana 
given  by  the  Rev.  0.  A.  Hodgson.  We  turn  now  to  gifts,  &c.,  relating  to 
Dorset,  and,  as  in  the  former  section,  we  begin  with  the  library,  although 
there  is  here  little  to  record.  First  and  foremost,  we  must  name  Vol.  XV. 
of  the  Proceedings  of  the  Dorset  Field  Club  and  Mr.  Mansel-Pleydell's 
Flora  of  Dorset,  second  edition,  presented  respectively  by  the  club  and  by 
the  President  thereof.  Next  we  would  record  four  acquisitions  specially 
relating  to  burgesses  of  Dorchester.  Taking  them  in  order  of  date,  the 
first  is  a  book  called  "  The  Way  to  the  Tree  of  Life."  This  is  a  treatise 
on  the  reading  of  the  Holy  Bible,  written  by  the  Rev.  J.  White,  rector 
of  Holy  Trinity  and  St.  Peter's  here,  and  a  leading  Puritan.  The  copy 
in  question  is  a  well-bound  one,  and  was  bought  both  on  account  of  its 


XXIV. 

Dorchester  origin  and  also  because  in  the  Epistle  Dedicatory  there  is  an 
interesting  touch  or  two  of  borough  history.  Secondly,  there  is  a  broad- 
side in  memory  of  Samuel  Gould,  a  bookseller  and  "character"  of 
Dorchester  in  the  last  century.  This  broadside  was  given  by  Mr.  Stone, 
to  whom  the  Museum  library  has  been  indebted  more  than  once 
before.  Thirdly,  the  author,  Mr.  Keats,  has  given  a  copy  of  "The 
Writing  and  Recollection  of  a  Durnovarian."  He  has  always  been 
an  enthusiastic  musician,  and  his  "recollections"  connected  with 
music  are  very  interesting.  Lastly,  we  have  to  thank  Sir  R.  Edgcumbe 
for  "  Family  Records,"  quite  a  triumph  of  long  and  persevering  research 
and  of  full  illustration.  The  trustees  of  and  subscribers  to  the  Corfe 
Castle  Museum  have  given  the  Minute  Book  of  the  Purbeck  Society. 
This  is  very  valuable  as  a  record  of  that  active  precursor  of  the  Field 
Club.  From  Mr.  Mansel-Pleydell  we  have  received  a  copy  of  the  Act 
of  Parliament  for  re-building  Blandford  after  the  great  fire  there  in  1731. 
The  Rev.  J.  Lewis  has  given  his  essay  on  Great  Toller  font.  We 
close  this  list  of  printings  and  writings  with  a  very  interesting  paper. 
This  was  given  by  Mr.  Pentin  and  is  a  certificate  signed  by  Sir  T.  Hardy 
on  board  H.M.S.  Victory.  Now  follows  the  last  section  of 'this  report, 
namely,  that  relating  to  Dorset  acquisitions  in  the  Museum  itself,  and 
firstly  those  connected  with  natural  history.  We  give  precedence  to 
a  small  jet  black  bird  killed  at  Affpuddle  and  presented  by  Mr. 
Kindersley.  It  has  puzzled  our  local  ornithologists,  but  has  been 
pronounced  by  the  S.  Kensington  Museum  Nat.  Hist.  Authorities  to  be 
a  specimen  of  the  S.  American  Cow-bird,  doubtless  escaped  from  a 
cage.  Another  series  of  valuable  gifts  consists  of  many  moths  and 
butterflies,  mostly  taken  in  Dorset.  And  this  leads  to  a  word 
of  gratitude  to  the  Secretary  and  Mrs.  Richardson  for  their  generous 
bestowal  of  many  specimens  for  the  enrichment  of  the  entomological 
collection,  and  also  of  untiring  and  most  skilful  labour  in  arrang- 
ing these  specimens  and  others  so  kindly  given  by  the  Treasurer, 
by  Mr.  Percy  Bright,  and  by  Mr.  Forsyth.  The  Treasurer  has 
presented  specimens  of  Eriophorum  lati folium,  a  scarce  cotton-grass 
and  of  a  common  thistle  strangely  mal-formed.  From  Mr.  Cunnington 
we  have  received  an  egg  case  of  Raia  mucronata,  the  Sting  Ray,  and 
also  some  excellent  specimens  of  Gryyhcea  dilatata.  Dr.  Macdonald  has 
given  a  fine  Ventriculites.  This  leads  to  the  great  event  of  the  year 
relating  to  fossils,  as  regards  quantity,  not  to  mention  quality.  It  is  the 
acquisition  through  gift  by  the  trustees  of  and  subscribers  to  the  Corfe 
Castle  Museum  of  the  fossils  collected  there.  These  number  several 
hundreds,  are  mostly  from  the  Purbeck  formation,  and  some  of  them  are 


XXV. 

of  great  value.  There  are,  foi  instance,  two  natural  casts  of  the  footmarks 
of  a  Deinosaurian,  probably  the  Iguanodon.  Such  marks  are  common  in 
the  Wealden,  and  are  well  known  in  the  Kimmeridge  clay.  But  the 
President  thinks  that  it  is  most  rare,  if  not  quite  new,  to  find  them,  as 
these  are,  in  the  Purbeck  strata.  There  are  also  several  very  good  fossil 
turtles  and  fishes.  All  these  are  now  awaiting  both  a  new  case  now  in 
hand  and  also  the  guidance  of  an  expert  in  sorting  out  the  best  specimens. 
Then  arrangement  can  be  taken  up.  This  will  probably  lead  to  overhaul- 
ing most  of  the  Dorset  fossils  in  the  Museum,  a  very  serious  task.  In  now 
passing  to  Dorset  antiquities  we  may  fitly  begin  with  those  which  have 
come  from  the  donors  last  mentioned.  Perhaps  the  best  is  a  large 
mediaeval  key,  from  Swanage.  A  woodcut  of  it  is  in  the  Purbeck  papers. 
Then  there  are  besides  a  very  large  number  of  the  Kimmeridge  coal  discs  ; 
a  shallow  lamp,  as  it  seems  to  be,  of  the  same  material ;  and  a  piece  of  the 
coal  apparently  intended  to  be  formed  into  a  similar  lamp.  This  is  believed 
to  be  a  very  rare,  as  it  also  would  appear  to  be  a  most  unlikely  use  of  this 
material.  Another  Corfe  Castle  gift  is  a  four-hour  glass.  This  is  the  one 
used  for  timing  the  watches  on  board  the  Halsewell,  East  Indiaman.  She 
was  wrecked  off  Purbeck  109  years  ago  ;  and,  wonderful  to  say,  this  glass 
was  washed  ashore  quite  unhurt  and  is  now  in  working  order.  But  it  is 
time  to  speak  of  a  much  older  antique  and  one  in  which  the  Field  Club  has 
special  interest.  This  is  the  burial  urn  found  by  Mr.  Cunnington  in  a 
barrow  on  Blackdown,  belonging  to  Mrs.  Manfield.  This  lady  kindly 
allowed  digging  to  be  carried  on  in  connection  with  the  Club  Meeting  in 
August,  1894.  Another  excavation  by  Mr.  Cunnington  in  a  barrow  at 
Culliford  Tree  produced  a  portion  of  a  curious  urn,  which  he  presented  to 
the  Museum.  From  the  same  good  friend  we  have  received  five  Roman 
stone  tiles  found  by  him  at  the  house  site  in  Charminster  parish.  We 
have  bought  what  seems  to  be  a  Roman  urn  cover.  It  was  found  in 
Salisbury  Field.  Mr.  Hogg  has  given  three  Roman  javelin  heads  and 
other  things,  the  only  portion  here  of  the  remarkable  find  at  Stoke 
Abbot.  By  gift  and  purchase  Ve  have  obtained  a  few  Roman  coins,  but 
none  of  any  special  rarity,  we  believe.  The  best  coin  acquired  during 
the  year  is  a  noble  of  Edward  IV.,  found  near  Puddletown,  and  bought 
a  few  weeks  ago.  Mr.  Cree  has  given  what  seems  to  be  a  manacle 
chain,  found  at  Owermoigne  Court  House,  where  doubtless  cases  were 
heard  before  the  Lord  of  the  Manor.  From  the  same  gentleman  we 
have  just  received  two  urns  from  a  barrow  on  his  property.  They  have 
been  skilfully  repaired  by  Mr.  Cunnington.  The  last  item  to  be  named, 
and  by  no  means  the  least  interesting,  now  comes  to  be  recorded.  This 
is  a  small  model  of  the  timbers  of  the  sloop  Gazelle,  the  first  vessel  on 


XXVI. 

board  which  Sir  T.  Hardy  served.  The  model  belonged  to  him,  and  is 
said  to  have  been  made  with  his  own  hands.  For  this  gift  we  are 
indebted  to  Mrs.  Whittle.  We  now  close  this  report,  the  report  of  a  year 
wherein  the  Museum  has  grown  greatly  richer  in  fossils,  but  which  has 
not  brought  very  many  antiquities  into  our  cases.  That  reminds  us  to 
say,  as  a  last  word,  that  Mr.  Bankes'  newly-designed  cases  are  a  success, 
and  afford  room  for  many  more  Dorset  antiques,  which  surely  ought 
rightly  to  find  their  way  to  the  Dorset  Museum." 

ELECTION  OF  OFFICERS.— On  the  proposal  of  Mr.  G.  W.  Floyer, 
seconded  by  Mr.  G.  Mayo,  Mr.  Mansel-Pleydell  was  re-elected  President- 
It  was  proposed  by  Rev.  J.  S.  Cope  and  seconded  by  Mr.  E.  Cunnington 
that  llev.  O.  P.  Cambridge  be  re-appointed  Hon.  Treasurer  ;  and  proposed 
by  Mr.  A.  Pope  and  seconded  by  Mr.  A.  Galpin  that  Mr.  N.  M.  Richard- 
son be  re-elected  Hon.  Secretary.  These  propositions  were  unanimously 
carried. 

SUMMER  MEETINGS.— No  less  than  eight  different  places  were  proposed 
for  the  summer  meetings,  from  which  were  selected  the  following  for 
settlement  by  ballot.  The  number  of  votes  received  by  each  is  appended  : 
— Blandford,  22  ;  Beaulieii,  21 ;  Melbury,  21  ;  Wimborne,  19  ;  Salisbury, 
IS  ;  Crewkerne,  2.  The  first  four  were  therefore  chosen.  The  meeting 
at  Blandford,  at  which  it  was  proposed  to  open  a  long  barrow  and  for 
which  the  Club  had  received  an  invitation  to  tea  from  Sir  William  and 
Lady  Smith-Marriott,  had  eventually  from  several  causes  to  be  postponed 
until  1896.  An  invitation  from  Sir  R.  and  Lady  Glyn  to  lunch  at  Gaunt's 
House  on  the  occasion  of  the  meeting  at  Wiir> borne  was  accepted. 

EXHIBITS  AND  NOTES.— BY  MR.  T.  B.  GROVES  :— 

(i.)— Nodules  of  sand  agglutinated  by  means  of  Pet-oxide  of  Iron, 
found  imbedded  in  the  face  of  a  sandpit  at  Higher  Longfleet,  near 
Poole. 

BY  MR.  E.  CUNNINGTON  :— 

(ii.) — A  plant  of  Dianthus  armeria  from  Dorset,  growing  in  a  pot. 
The  President  observed  that  this  was  the  only  Dorset  representative  of 
the  genus. 

(iii.)— Two  urns,  one  containing  bones,  from  a  barrow  near  Ower- 
moigne,  repaired  by  Mr.  Cunnington  and  presented  to  the  Museum  by 
Mr.  W.  Cree. 

(iv.)— An  incense  cup  and  ends  of  stag  horns,  from  a  secondary 
interment  in  a  barrow  opened  by  Mr,  Cunnington  and  Rev.  H.  J.  U. 
Charlton,  at  Culliford  Tree,  on  October  15th  last.  Three  feet  from  the 
apex  they  found  a  large  cremation  in  a  kind  of  oval  cyst  two  feet  long, 
surrounded  by  stones.  The  stag  horns  were  at  the  east  and  the  incense 


XXVll. 

cup  at  the  west  end.      A  large  skeleton,   constituting  the  primary 
interment,  was  found  at  a  depth  of  seven  feet. 

(v.)— Remains  found  in  excavations  on  Hambledon  Hill,  in  October, 
1894, consisting  of  a  few  fragments  of  a  large  imported  quern, Roman  black 
pottery,  an  iron  spear-head  and  falx  or  knife  with  two  rivets  on  it  for 
fastening  it  to  its  handle.    (See  Vol.  XVI.,  p.  157.) 
BY  MR.  H.  J.  MOULE  :— 

(vi.)— A  certificate  about  stores.  It  was  written  on  board  H.M.S. 
Victory  and  is  signed  by  Sir  T.  Hardy,  April  27th,  1805. 

(vii.) — A  small  model  of  the  timbering  of  H.M.   Sloop  Gazelle,  the 
first  vessel  in  which  Sir  T.  Hardy  served.     This  model  belonged  to  him, 
and  is  said  to  have  been  made  by  his  own  hands. 
BY  THE  HON.  TREASURER  :— 

(viii.)—  Photograph  shewing  the  effect  of  a  flash  of  lightning  on  an 
oak,  which  it  split  up  in  an  extraordinary  way. 
BY  REV.  SIR  T.  BAKER  :— 

(ix.)— (A  fragment  of)  a  round  disc  of  stone  about  4in.  in  diameter 
shaped  like  a  quoit  with  a  ball  in  the  middle.  From  the  plains  of  the 
Libyan  desert,  Thebes. 

PAPER  ON  HAMBLEDON  AND  HODD  HILLS,  by  E.  CUNNINGTON.  This 
consisted  of  an  account  of  Mr.  Cunnington's  explorations  in  October  last, 
and  formed  an  addition  to  his  paper  read  September  6th,  1894,  at  the 
Ranston  meeting.  It  has  been  incorporated  with  that  paper  and  the 
whole  printed  at  p.  156  of  Vol.  XVI. 

BEAULIEU  MEETING.— The  first  outdoor  meeting  of  the  Club  was  held 
in  the  New  Forest,  and  was  attended  by  about  60  members,  who  were 
fortunate  in  having  a  very  fine  day  for  the  excursion.  The  President  being 
absent  his  place  was  taken  by  Rev.  O.  P.  Cambridge.  Reaching  Brocken- 
hurst  at  10.45  a.m.  the  party  walked  to  the  church,  where  Rev.  R.  VV. 
Pain,  the  Vicar,  read  a  short  paper  and  pointed  out  its  chief  features, 
including  the  early  English  chancel,  the  Norman  archway  on  the  south 
side,  and  the  font,  of  black  Purbeck  marble,  probably  Norman,  with  a 
very  large  water  receptacle.  There  is  an  imitation  of  this  font  in  Win- 
chester Cathedral.  On  the  south  side  of  the  church  is  what  is  said  to  be 
an  Easter  Sepulchre, which  Captain  Elwes  suggested  might  be  an  ancient 
tomb,  perhaps  that  of  the  Founder.  This  Easter  Sepulchre  is  the  only 
one  in  England  situated  on  the  south  side  of  the  church,  except  one  at 
Milford  or  Milton,  a  neighbouring  parish.  This  is  also  the  only  church 
now  within  the  Forest,  mentioned  in  Domesday.  The  church,  like  all 
others  in  the  Forest,  is  placed  on  a  mound,  and  the  brick  spire  forms  a 


XXV111. 

useful  land  mark.  The  register  dates  from  1629.  In  the  churchyard 
are  a  fine  oak,  now  dead,  and  a  large  yew  15ft.  in  circumference. 
The  party  then  drove  via  Lyndhurst  (Avhich  was  visited  by  the  Club 
on  July  20th,  1892.  Proc.  XIV.,  xxv.)  to  Beaulieu,  passing  through 
some  fine  forest  scenery  on  the  way  to  Tyyndhursr,  the  road  thence  to 
Beaulieu  being  less  wooded  and  more  bounded  by  heaths  and  bogs 
until  Beaulieu  itself  is  approached,  the  narrow  little  stream  that  runs 
through  Matley  bog  having  become  a  broad  river  by  the  time  it  reaches 
Beaulieu. 

The  party  here  left  the  breaks  and  proceeded  to  St.  Bartholomew's, 
once  the  Refectory  of  the  Abbey,  but  now  the  Parish  Church.  At  the 
intersection  of  the  ribs  of  the  waggon  roof  are  curious  carvings  represent- 
ing Abbots'  heads,  angels  with  shields,  the  arms  of  the  Abbey, a  woman's 
head-dress  of  the  13th  century,  a  crozier  with  date  1204,  a  carved  head 
with  crown  (supposed  to  represent  Richard,  King  of  the  Romans),  &c. 
The  north  door  has  the  original  iron  scroll  work.  The  fine  old  pulpit, 
which  projects  from  the  wall,  is  of  stone,  much  ornamented,  and 
approached  by  a  passage  in  the  wall,  the  arches  opening  into  which  are 
supported  by  pillars  of  black  Purbeck  marble. 

After  a  cursory  view  of  the  ruins  the  members  assembled  in  the 
"  Cloister  Garth,"  where  Captain  Ehves  gave  a  short  account  of  the  plan 
and  life  of  a  mediaeval  monastery,  observing  that  he  was  greatly 
indebted  to  Dr.  Jessop,  the  leading  authority  upon  this  subject,  with 
whom  he  had  been  in  correspondence,  and  whose  interesting  book,  "  The 
Coming  of  the  Friars,"  was  worthy  of  the  writer's  great  reputation,  and 
formed  the  basis  of  the  following  remarks.  Continuing,  Captain  Elwes 
called  attention  to  a  curious  freak  of  etymology  and  observed  that  the 
names  "monk"  and  "monastery"  suggested  to  the  popular  mind 
certain  ideas  which  were  the  very  reverse  of  the  true  meanings  of  those 
words.  A  monk  or  "  monachus  "  properly  denotes  a  man  living  entirely 
alone,  as  an  anchorite  or  hermit ;  and  his  dwelling  was  called  from  him  a 
"  monasterium,"  a  word  which  in  its  contracted  form  of  "minster" 
forms  part  of  so  many  place  names  in  Dorset,  an  indication  perhaps  that 
the  Dorset  Christians  of  early  Saxon  times  enjoyed  some  lingering 
reflexion  of  the  "  Pax  Romana,"  as  the  belt  of  infertile  country,  where 
the  two  counties  now  meet,  would  have  tended  to  discourage  the  heathen 
raiders  from  further  advance.  More  commonly  in  England,  and  abroad 
the  would-be  "solitaries"  endeavoured  to  secure  the  peace  and  seclusion 
essential  to  their  view  of  the  duties  of  life  by  combining  in  companies 
and  erecting  for  themselves  substantial  and  sometimes  fortified  buildings 
suited  to  those  troubled  times,  and  thus  the  system  of  monastic  life 


XXIX. 

originated,  resulting  ultimately  in  the  establishment  of  many  stately 
monasteries,  of  which  Beaulieu  was  so  fine  an  example. 

It  was  clear,  however,  that  although  the  circumstances  of  the  two  modes 
of  life  were  different,  the  intention  was  the  same  in  both  cases,  for  the 
early  anchorites  and  the  later  monks  shared  the  firm  conviction  that  the 
recluse  life  was  the  only  ark  of  refuge  in  a  world  submerged  in  vice  and 
wrong^and  misery.  "  Come  out  from  among  them  and  be'yc  separate  " 
was  to  them  a  mandate  claiming  literal  and  absolute  obedience  and 
forming  the  fundamental  rule  of  their  corporate  existence.  This 
dominant  tenet  of  the  Monastic  Orders  was  strenuously  impugned  both 
by  the  parish  clergy  and  by  the  brotherhoods  of  itinerant  preachers  called 
Friars,  whose  work  as  evangelisers  was  necessarily  in  opposition  to  this 
theory  of  monasticism.  Many  and  bitter  were  the  controversies  arising 
from  this  difference  ;  its  consequences  were  witnessed  in  Dorset  when 
in  a  struggle  between  these  theological  combatants  the  Abbey  Church  of 
Sherborne  was  burnt  down. 

If  it  is  asked  what  elevating  influence  intervened  to  prevent  the 
corporate  exclusiveness  of  monasticism  from  deteriorating  into  individual 
apathy,  sloth,  and  egotism,  the  answer  is  to  be  found  in  the  existence  of 
the  minster  church  ;  this  was  the  heart,  the  vivifying  organ  of  the 
conventual  body;  for  this  each  member  worked  and  lived  :  the  carving  and 
painting  as  well  as  the  structural  work  gave  occupation  to  many  of  the 
brothers,  while  other  brethren  wrote  out  and  illuminated  the  service 
books,  made  the  vestments  and  embroidered  them  with  gold  and  silver 
thread  drawn  out  probably  within  the  walls.  A  rich  abbey  was  perhaps 
the  most  perfect  development  of  the  co-operative  principle  that  the 
world  has  ever  seen  ;  the  gardeners,  millers,  ploughmen,  dairymen, 
bakers,  cooks,  all  brothers  of  the  house,  fed  their  brethren  the  tailors, 
the  weavers,  the  seamsters,  the  cordwainers,  who  clothed  the  sculptors, 
the  decorators,  the  goldsmiths,  who  probably  all  worked  in  their  several 
bays  of  this  cloister  for  the  ultimate  object  of  beautifying  and  adding 
renown  to  the  sacred  building,  that  was  to  all  alike,  from  the  mitred 
abbot  to  the  humblest  lay  brother,  the  only  recognised  and  legitimate 
tangible  object  of  their  affections,  as  well  as  the  heart  and  motive  of 
their  corporate  life.  The  next  in  importance  of  the  abbey  buildings  were 
the  cloisters  ;  here  were  the  various  workshops  of  the  artificers.  In  one 
bay  the  wood-carver  might  be  shaping  a  "  Miserere  "  with  one  of  those 
grotesque  designs  of  a  hunting  scene  or  a  domestic  quarrel,  such  as  one 
may  often  see  outside  quaint  resting  places  and  commemorating  perhaps 
an  incident  of  then  recent  date.  In  another  bay  a  weaver  works  at  his 
loom,  and  in  the  corner,  where  the  traffic  is  least,  the  schoolmaster  is 


XXX. 

training  the  boys  of  the  choir  to  pronounce  the  Latin  Psalms.  In  front 
of  them  all  was  the  venerated  plot  of  ground  called  the  Cloister  Garth, 
made  in  some  instances  of  soil  from  the  Holy  Land,  in  which  some  of 
them  might  hope  for  the  distinction  of  being  laid  to  rest. 

This  open  air  cloister  life  in  common  was  the  rule  in  most  of  the  Orders 
that  flourished  in  England,  for  though  the  Carthusians  endeavoured  to 
introduce  the  separate  system  of  working  in  cells  the  custom  did  not 
spread,  and  that  Order  did  not  meet  with  general  support ;  and  their 
rules  seem  to  have  been  thought  too  rigid  for  the  English  temperament 
or  unsuitable  to  the  English  climate. 

The  Cistercian  Order,  to  which  the  Abbey  of  Beaulieu  belonged,  was  a 
reformed  branch  of  the  great  Benedictine  Order,  and  was  founded  by  John 
Harding,  once  a  monk  of  Sherborne  Abbey,  and  therefore  probably  a 
native  of  Dorset,  who  migrated  thence  to  Citeaux,  in  Normandy,  where 
he  eventually  became  abbot  and  introduced  reforms  of  such  important 
character  as  to  constitute  a  new  Orde-r,  called  the  Cistercian  from  its 
birthplace,  Citeaux.  The  founder  aimed  at  attaining  to  greater 
simplicity  of  life  and  habits,  and  he  instituted  the  practice  of  keeping 
silence  at  meals  while  one  of  the  brothers  read  aloud  from  the  "  Acts  of 
the  Saints  "  or  other  devotional  volumes  in  order  to  discourage  frivolous 
conversation  and  excess.  Evidence  of  this  custom  is  seen  here  in  the 
beautiful  pulpit  of  the  refectory,  now  used  as  the  parish  church,  a  perfect 
specimen  of  Early  English  architecture. 

It  was  symbolical  of  the  monastic  attitude  towards  the  world  at  large 
that  this  entrance  to  the  cloister  lay  only  through  the  church— 
excepting  one  narrow  and.  tortuous  passage  between  the  south  transept 
and  the  chapter  house  called  the  slype  ;  this  led  usually  only  to  the 
orchard  and  outhouses  of  the  monastery  and  not  beyond  the  walls.  The 
slype  was  generally  open  to  the  sky  as  at  Beaulieu,  and  served  to  isolate 
the  church  in  the  event  of  an  outbreak  ot  fire,  but  sometimes  the 
infirmary  extended  over  the  slype  and  abutted  on  the  south  transept  so 
as  to  permit  a  dying  brother  to  be  wheeled  in  his  truckle  (from  truculi 
—  castors)  bed  to  the  south  window  of  the  transept  and  witness  from  there 
the  elevation  of  the  host.  Southward  of  the  slype  stood  the  chapter 
house,  where  on  ordinary  days  after  matins  the  prior  or  sub-prior— 
respectively  the  third  and  fourth  dignitary  of  the  abbey— held  his  levee, 
abating  and  hearing  grievances,  receiving  reports  of  work  done,  noting 
applications  for  fresh  materials,  and  allotting  these  demands  to  the 
proper  functionaries.  For  it  may  be  observed  that  as  the  prior  himself 
undertook  the  supply  of  vellum  to  the  Scriptorium  so  every  senior  and 
trustworthy  brother  had  his  special  office  assigned  to  him.  The  brewster, 


XXXI. 

the  warrener,  the  fish  steward,  the  vintager,  the  poulterer,  the  common 
cellarer,  the  abbot's  cellarer,  the  manciple,  and  the  pantler  were  but  a 
few  of  the  almost  numberless  officials  that  John  Harding  with  his  Dorset 
shrewdness  had  instituted  in  his  household,  and  thus  knitted  his  society 
skilfully  together  by  giving  to  each  member  a  share  in  its  administration. 
The  chapter  house  was  occasionally  the  scene  of  more  important 
conclaves  when,  for  instance,  the  abbot  took  counsel  with  the  whole 
convent  upon  matters  affecting  the  entire  body. 

It  is  commonly  supposed  that  the  words  convent  and  monastery  denote 
similar  buildings  used  by  different  sexes,  that  convent  signiiies  a  nunnery 
and  monastery  an  establishment  for  men.  This,  however,  is  not  the 
case,  strictly  speaking.  "  Monasterium  "  means"  a  religious  house  ; 
Convent,  on  the  other  hand,  means  the  collective  body  of  either  sex 
inhabiting  the  building  in  question. 

Proceeding  still  southward  along  the  east  cloisters  we  come  next  to  the 
abbot's  parlour,  where  he  or  his  "vicegerent"  supervised  the  accounts 
and  reports  and  considered  the  questions  that  might  be  too  weighty  for  the 
prior  to  handle,  and  here  grave  statements  might  be  examined  in  camera. 
Next  comes  the  exchequer  office,  where  the  business  of  the  steward  lies 
in  seeing  and  noting  the  rude  tallies  on  slips  of  wood  or  bark  that 
represented  the  account-books  of  the  Middle  Ages.  Overhead  was  the 
monks'  dormitory,  extending  from  the  chapter  house  the  whole  length  of 
the  east  cloister,  while  below  the  southern  part  of  it  and  in  the  corner  of 
the  east  cloister  was  the  monks'  lavatory,  and  near  it  the  entrance  to  the 
"  calefactory  "  or  convalescent  ward,  where  each  monk  was  expected  to 
rest  and  recover  his  strength  after  the  periodical  bleeding,  which  they 
were  each  obliged  to  undergo. 

We  now  turn  the  corner  and  enter  the  south  cloister  ;  this  is  occupied 
by  the  refectory,  almost  exclusively,  with  the  kitchen  probably  alongside 
of  it. 

The  existing  building  stands  almost  unaltered,  as  it  has  stood  for 
six  centuries,  the  desk  of  the  reader  forming  the  pulpit  since  the  refectory 
was  taken  into  use  as  the  parish  church  in  Edward  VI. 's  reign. 

On  the  south  also  was  probably  the  scriptorium  and  library,  but  the 
ruins  appear  to  have  been  altered,  and  identification  is  here  very  difficult. 

The  west  cloister  is  backed  by  a  wall  separating  it  from  the  ambula- 
tory and  from  the  house  of  the  lay  brothers,  which  forms  the  west  side  of 
the  quadrangle,  and  part  of  which  was  reserved  as  a  guest  house  on  the 
upper  floor,  while  below  the  guest's  horses  were  probably  stabled. 

We  now  arrive  again  at  the  south  wall  of  the  church,  having  completed 
our  circuit  of  the  **  Cloister  Garth*" 


XXX11. 

The  time  was  when  all  these  buildings,  in  the  height  of  their  mature 
beauty,  were  at  best  but  as  a  curtain  before  a  priceless  picture,  but  now 
the  picture  has  disappeared,  and  we  may  still  admire  the  texture  of  the 
veil,  but  that  alone  is  left,  the  glorious  work  of  art  that  represented  cen- 
turies of  human  work  and  interest  having  entirely  perished.  The  splendid 
church,  surpassing  in  size  and  dignity  many  cathedrals,  has  followed  its 
builders  to  the  grave.  One  cannot  help  feeling  it  to  be  something  of  a 
disgrace  to  the  reputed  enlightenment  of  the  Reformation  period  that 
this  and  so  many  other  stately  and  monumental  edifices  should  have 
been  suffered  to  disappear  without  an  effort  to  save  them  ;  but  if  we 
accept  DV.  Jessop's  statement  of  monastic  philosophy — and  few  can  be 
better  qualified  to  form  an  opinion — we  see  that  the  monks'  self-centred 
view  of  life,  with  their  exclusive  devotion  to  their  own  minster  and  to 
their  own  order,  had  long  been  an  anachronism.  The  time  had  been 
when  each  Monastery  was  an  isolated  torch  of  religious  life  and  morals  ; 
when  the  flickering  flame  of  Christianity  needed  the  shelter  of  monastic 
walls  ;  but  that  time  had  long  gone  by,  and  when  Pope  Innocent  III. 
gave  his  approval  to  the  new  Franciscan  Order  of  preaching  friars,  he 
recognised  the  altered  condition  of  society,  and  introduced  a  new  factor 
into  religious  life  that  soon  proved  to  be  actively  antagonistic  to  the 
older  system.  On  the  other  hand  these  isolated  unfructifying  spores 
were  totally  out  of  harmony  with  the  now  accepted  idea  of  a  national 
commonwealth,  and  the  rapid  material  dissolution  that  overtook  these 
noble  buildings  seems  to  show  that  in  the  minds  of  the  people  at  large 
they  inspired  neither  veneration  nor  sympathy.  Still  we  owe  much  to 
these  crumbling  heaps  of  masonry,  and  their  aspect  of  dignified  decay  has 
elevated  our  conception  of  the  once  ignoble  term  "  ruin "  into  a 
suggestion  of  beauty  and  romance. 

The  thanks  of  the  Club  having  been  offered  to  Captain  Elwes  he  in- 
troduced Mr.  W.  J.  C.  Moens,  of  Tweed,  near  Lymington,  asking  him  to 
give  some  further  account  of  the  Abbey, 

Mr.  Moens  said  Captain  Elwes  had  spoken  to  them  on  the  general 
historical  features  of  monasticism  in  relation  to  the  Abbey,  and  with 
their  permission  he  would  address  himself  more  particularly  to  the  history 
of  the  foundation  of  the  Abbey,  and  the  grants  connected  with  it.  He 
first  of  all  directed  the  attention  of  the  members  to  the  north  and  north- 
west of  the  church,  where  the  old  northern  wall  of  the  Abbey  was  still 
standing,  and  to  the  north  where  were  to  be  seen  the  ruins  of  a  barn  and 
the  Abbey  brewhouse  or  monk's  winepress.  The  site  of  the  Abbey 
market  place  was  still  distinguishable  in  the  village,  and  was  known  by 
the  name  of  Cheapside.  Other  interesting  features  were  the  three  Early 


xxxiii. 

English  arches,  by  which  access  was  obtained  to  the  chapter  house,  and 
north  of  the  chapter  house  was  the  sacristy  ;  south-east  of  the  cloisters 
was  the  entrance  to  the  washing  place  of  the  monks,  and  to  the  west  was 
the  range  of  buildings,  the  lower  part  of  which  was  called  the  cellars  and 
the  upper  the  dormitory.  The  principal  feature  of  the  buildings  remain- 
ing was  the  refectory, now  the  parish  church  of  St.  Bartholomew, in  which 
was  a  most  interesting  13th  century  pulpit,  with  staircase  and  Purbeck 
marble  shafts,  and  at  Rievaulx,  to  the  south  of  the  refectory,  was  a 
similar  pulpit.  The  refectory  was  restored  in  the  first  half  of  last 
century,  and  the  buttress,  which  was  so  prominent  an  object,  was  put  up 
in  1743,  which  date  it  bore.  The  escutcheon  was  that  of  William  of 
Wykeham,  two  chevrons  between  two  roses.  The  bell  was  mentioned  in 
an  account  of  the  Abbey  written  in  1648.  The  Abbot's  house  was  re- 
built by  Lord  Montagu  16  years  ago,  and  the  remains  were  enclosed. 
Before  that  there  were  to  be  seen  remains  of  the  Abbot's  dwelling  and 
the  large  entrance  through  which  horses  and  carriages  drove  in.  It  was 
a  great  feature  before  the  restoration,  and  he  was  glad  to  say  he  was  able 
to  take  a  number  of  photographs  of  it.  The  first  appropriation  of  land 
in  this  part  of  the  Forest  was  in  the  12th  century,  and  immediately  after 
this  the  Cistercians  obtained  the  grant  of  a  site  for  an  Abbey,  and  in 
1245  the  limits  of  the  grant  were  defined.  On  March  15th  King  Henry, 
son  of  John,  for  the  benefit  of  his  father's  soul,  ordered  his  warden  of  the 
equiscium,  or  herd  of  ponies  (New  Foresters)  to  give  until  November, 
1220,  all  the  profits  of  the  same  to  the  monks  of  Beaulieu.  Mr.  Moens 
incidentally  alluded  to  the  efforts  that  were  now  being  made  to  keep  up 
the  breed  of  ponies  in  the  New  Forest.  He  had  no  doubt  a  great  many 
of  them  went  into  Dorsetshire,  and  he  ventured  to  hope  that  they  would 
obtain  support  from  that  county  in  their  efforts.  In  1206  a  tun  of  wine 
from  the  king's  prisage  at  Southampton  was  given  for  sacramental 
purposes,  and  in  1207  three  teams  of  oxen  ;  in  1213  100  acres  of  moor  for 
pasture  land  to  be  chosen  where  the  monks  desired.  Mr.  Moens  mentioned 
that  with  regard  to  the  rights  of  forestage,  they  were  of  very  ancient 
origin,  having  existed  certainly  in  Saxon  times  under  tlie  name  of 
"the  six  hundreds."  It  was  undoubtedly  afforested  by  William  the 
Conqueror,  but  the  rights  existed  before  his  time.  In  1214  a  prior  was 
elected  in  the  presence  of  the  Abbots  of  St.  Mary,  Carlisle,  Beaulieu,  and 
others,  including  William  de  Cantilupe,  of  whom  the  present  Earl  Dela- 
warr,  who  lived  not  far  off,  was  a  descendant.  In  1219  more  forest  land 
was  given,  and  in  1222  a  charter  of  common  of  pasture  in  the  New  Forest. 
On  August  17th,  1223, was  granted  a  charter  for  free  pasturage  in  the  New 
Forest  for  beasts  and  sheep  as  the  monks  had  enjoyed  in  King  John's 


XXXIV. 

time.  In  1234  the  King  granted  to  the  Abbot  of  Beaulieu  to  hold  in 
mortmain  one  ploughland  of  100  acres  in  the  bailiwick  of  Richard  Foillet 
in  the  New  Forest.  In  1238  forest  privileges  were  confirmed,  and  to  be 
taken  as  including  right  of  common  pasture  all  through  the  year,  for  all 
live  stock  except  goats  in  the  Forest  ;  also  rights  of  the  wreck  and  waif, 
liberty  of  chase  within  their  precincts,  also  turbary  and  bruery.  In  1246, 
on  June  23rd,  the  Abbey  Church  of  Beaulieu  Regis  was  consecrated  with 
great  pomp  by  William  de  Raleigh,  Bishop  of  Winchester.  Other  grants 
were  made,  such  as  Ipley  (from  William  Hippeley),  and  the  charter  of  a 
weekly  market  within  the  Abbey  close.  Sanctuary  rights  were  granted 
at  Beaulieu  by  Innocent  III.  The  value  of  the  Abbey  just  before  the 
Suppression  was  £428  6s.  8d.,  and  reprisals  from  the  church  £101  10s.  5d. 
The  seal  of  the  Abbey  was  affixed  to  the  deed  of  surrender  on  April  2nd, 
1538,  and  bore  the  common  representation  of  the  Virgin  and  child  canopied 
with  figures  in  adoration  on  either  side  also  under  canopies.  Below  was 
an  escutcheon  bearing  the  Abbey  coat  of  arms, which  had  been  revived  by 
the  Bishop  of  Newcastle  (some  time  perpetual  curate  of  Beaulieu)  in  the 
bearings  of  his  colonial  See.  Mr.  Moens  said  it  was  important  to 
remember,  in  view  of  any  possible  diversion  of  the  tithes,  which  heaven 
keep  them  from,  that  when  the  country  gave  them  up  they  were 
sold  and  full  value  received.  The  full  market  price  was  received 
for  the  great  tithes,  and  the  small  tithes  were  those  left  for 
the  maintenance  of  the  parsons  and  vicars  for  public  worship.  It 
was  therefore  monstrous  to  say,  as  many  of  their  Nonconformist  friends 
did,  that  the  tithes  were  ever  given  to  the  Church  by  Act  of 
Parliament.  In  1538  Beaulieu  Manor  was  granted  to  Thomas  Wriothesley, 
and  James  I.  confirmed  this  grant  in  1607-8,  and  added  the  gift  of  the 
rectory  and  patronage  of  its  curacy,  also  all  the  old  Abbatial  rights  of 
jurisdiction  at  Beaulieu.  From  the  Southampton  family  Beaulieu  passed 
by  marriage  to  Ralph  Lord  Montagu,  and  thence  through  Lady 
Beaulieu  and  her  sister  the  Duchess  of  Buccleugh  to  the  Buccleugh  family. 
In  about  1856  by  family  arrangement  it  passed  to  Lord  Henry  Scott, 
second  son  of  the  late  Duke  of  Buccleugh,  now  Lord  Montagu  of  Beaulieu. 
Captain  Elwes  then  conducted  the  party  over  the  beautiful  and  interest- 
ing ruins,  pointing  out  the  domus  conversorum  on  the  western  side  of  the 
beautif  ully-arcaded  cloisters,  the  dormitory,  the  ambulatory,  the  existing 
portion  of  which  is  used  as  a  museum,  and  other  features  of  interest. 
The  dormitory  is  in  fairly  good  preservation,  and  even  some  of  the  old 
paving  tiles  remain.  Passing  out  of  the  fine  arched  doorway  in  the  north 
end  wall  of  the  cloisters,  the  members  were  taken  to  the  site  of  the  Abbey 
Church  itself,  where  the  foundations  have  been  clearly  defined,  and  show 


XXXV. 

in  detail  the  once  noble  proportions  of  the  edifice.  The  guest  room  has 
many  interesting  relics,  including  a  selection  of  the  ancient  paving  tiles, 
a  number  of  articles  which  have  been  recovered  from  the  ruins,  and  three 
tombstones,  two  of  which  were  of  the  two  wives  of  the  Earl  of  Cornwall, 
and  one  of  the  sister  of  Eleanor,  the  Queen  of  Henry  III.  Another 
stone,  that  of  a  former  monk,  who  was  afterwards  abbot  of  Nuneham,  is 
supposed  to  be  dated  between  1260  and  1300. 

The  members  were  then  shown  over  Lord  Montagu's  house,  some 
portions  of  which  were  parts  of  the  old  building,  after  which,  rejoining 
the  breaks,  they  drove  direct  to  Brockenhurst.  Tea  was  provided  at  the 
Morant  Arms,  and  the  party  left  by  the  6.12  p.m.  train. 

NEW  MEMBERS.  —Three  were  elected. 

JULY  MEETING.— The  meeting  which  it  had  been  proposed  to  hold  at 
Blandford  in  this  month  was  unavoidably  postponed  until  1896. 


MELBURY  AND  EVERSIIOT  MEETING.— This  Meeting  was  held  on 
Thursday,  August  22nd,  and,  the  weather  being  favourable,  proved  a 
very  pleasant  one. 

The  party,  numbering  about  100,  reached  Eveishot  Station  by  the 
train  leaving  Dorchester  at  10.34  a.m.,  which  was  stopped  there  for  them 
to  alight,  and  were  met  by  Mr.  S.  R.  Baskett,  who  acted  as  guide  during 
the  greater  part  of  the  day,  and  conducted  them  to  Spring  Pond,  the 
source  of  the  Yeovil  water  supply. 

On  the  way,  at  the  railway  bridge,  Mr.  Baskett  pointed  out  a  curious 
field  filled  with  pits,  and  said  there  were  a  great  many  theories  as  to 
their  cause.  Some  people  said  the  field  was  the  site  of  a 
Britisb  village,  but  he  did  not  know  how  that  was  made  out.  Another 
theory  was  that  the  Romans  came  to  this  field  and  burnt  chalk  there  to 
make  lime  for  the  building  of  Dorchester.  This  theory  Mr.  Baskett 
described  as  funny,  but  he  pointed  out,  as  a  curious  fact,  that  there 
existed  a  branch  Roman  road  which  led  off  from  the  main  Roman  road 
running  from  Dorchester,  through  Yeovil,  to  Ilchester,  right  up  to  this 
field  and  could  not  be  traced  beyond  it ;  anyway,  so  he  was  informed  by  a 
farmer  who  occupied  for  many  years  the  farm  in  which  the  field  was  situ- 
ated. The  farm  itself  was  called  Horchester,  and  was  doubtless  an  old 
Roman  station.  Another  curious  thing  was  that  the  field  immediately 
below  the  one  they  were  considering  was  called  "  Flowers  Bottom,"  and 
they  would  remember  that  "Flowers,"  according  to  Mr.  Warne's  theory 
of  "  Flowers  Barrow,"  was  a  corruption  of  Florus.  The  farmer  told  him 
(Mr,  Baskett)  that  while  making  excavations  of  the  chalk  he  found  the 


XXXVI. 

remains  of  charred  stick  at  the  bottom  of  some  of  the  pits,  as  if  chalk 
had  been  burnt  with  wood.  He  gave  the  facts  and  traditions  simply  for 
what  they  were  worth,  but  they  appeared  to  him  to  be  of  interest. 

The  river  Yeo  had  its  source  under  the  bridge  upon  which  they  were 
standing,  whilst  the  principal  source  of  the  Frome  was  at  St.  John's  Well, 
Evershot,  but  water  ran  within  a  few  yards  of  the  bridge  to  the  Frome. 
With  reference  to  the  question  as  to  what  the  name  of  the  place  was,  he 
said  that  the  names  given  by  Hutchins  were  Ailwell  and  Caldwell,  the 
derivation  of  which  he  did  not  know.  Holywell  was  probably  only  a 
corruption  of  Oily- well,  there  being  a  tradition  of  a  pond  there  being  at 
times  coated  with  an  oily  substance. 

The  party  then  proceeded  to  Spring  Pond,  which  is  prettily  situated  in 
a  wooded  depression,  and  was  fed  originally  by  seven  springs,  which  were 
reduced  to  three  by  the  making  of  the  railway  tunnel.  The  pond  and 
plantations  were  probably  at  one  time  a  portion  of  the  grounds  of  Wool- 
combe  House,  now  almost  entirely  pulled  down. 

The  HON.  SECRETARY  read  the  following  valuable  geological  notes 
communicated  by  Mr.  A.  J.  Jukes-Browne,  F.G.S.  :— The  country  south 
of  Mel  bury  Park  consists  mainly  of  upper  greensand  resting  on  the  Oxford 
clay  and  capped  by  long  promontories  of  chalk.  It  is  possible  that  a 
diminutive  representative  of  the  gault  occurs  at  the  base  of  the  green- 
sand  ;  but  in  the  absence  of  any  clear  section  at  the  junction  it  is  very 
difficult  to  say  whether  gault  is  present  or  absent.  If  present  it  would 
be  a  dark-grey  micaceous  clay  with  patches  and  seams  of  dark-green 
glauconite  grains.  The  discovery  of  such  a  bed  in  the  neighbourhood 
would  be  interesting.  It  certainly  occurs  near  Minterne.  The  thickness 
of  the  upper  greensand  is  probably  from  60  to  70  feet.  That  of  the  lower 
chalk  is  from  80  to  100  feet,  and  the  middle  chalk  will  be  found  on  the 
higher  parts  of  the  hills.  The  junction  of  the  greensand  and  chalk  can 
be  seen  very  clearly  in  a  quarry  by  Pvock-lane,  north-east  of  Evershot,  the 
beds  here  shown  being  :— 

Ft. 
Chalk  full  of  glauconite  grains  and  having  a  layer  of 

phosphatic  nodules,  at  the  base  of  which  are  many 

fossils ...        ...        ...        ...        ...        ...        ...        ..„    2J 

Hard  calcareous  sandstone  with  Pecten  asper  and  a  bed 

of  Exogyra  at  the  base      5 

Sand  and  stone  passing  down  into  greenish  sand,  few 

fossils  8 

Total  ...        ...        „ „        ...  151 


XXXV11. 

The  same  junction  is  also  seen  in  a  small  quarry  on  the  west  side 
of  Stutcombe  Bottom,  and  again  by  the  side  of  the  path  300  yards 
north  of  Newcombe  Wood  Dairy.  The  lower  chalk  is  exposed  in 
several  places,  and  is  mostly  a  firm  blocky  greyish-white  chalk  without 
anything  that  can  be  called  chalk  marl  in  the  lower  part.  There  are  few 
fossils  in  it,  but  it  sometimes  contains  siliceous  concretions  like  flints. 
At  or  near  the  top  there  is  generally  a  bed  of  soft  grey  marl  which  con- 
tains Belemnitella  plena,  and  hence  is  known  as  Belemnite  marl. 
Whether  this  is  exposed  near  Evershot  I  do  not  know.  Above  this  marl 
the  chalk  is  harder,  and  at  a  varying  distance  passes  up  into  hard 
nodular  rocky  chalk,  which  seems  to  be  the  equivalent  of  the  Mel- 
bourn  Rock  of  more  northern  counties,  and  forms  the  base  of  the 
middle  chalk.  Rock  of  this  nature  is  said  to  occur  at  the  top  of  the 
road  cutting  about  half-a-mile  north  of  Evershot  station.  On  the 
same  hill  and  towards  Bubb  Down  there  are  small  patches  of  flint 
gravel  and  clay  with  flints,  which  are  interesting  as  being  remnants 
of  the  old  plateau  out  of  which  all  the  existing  physical  features  of  the 
county  have  been  carved  by  the  erosive  action  of  rain,  frost,  and  running 
water. 

On  leaving  the  Spring  Pond  Mr,  E.  CuNNiNGTON  read  some  notes  on 
the  neighbourhood  and  said  that  in  the  south-west  corner  of  the  park 
was  a  curious  depression,  where  a  stream  of  water  was  thrown  out  at  the 
base  of  the  greensand.  It  was  shut  in  on  two  sides  by  abruptly-rising 
ground  composed  of  the  sand  and  chalk  above,  which  seemed  to  have  been 
constantly  shaling  off  and  filling  the  depression  for  ages  past.  He  found 
amongst  the  debris  a  tooth  of  a  horse  and  a  very  old  celt,  which  he 
produced  for  inspection.  The  ground  had  since  been  altered  and  a  pond 
made  there.  From  the  park  on  the  south  might  be  seen  the  Castle  Hill, 
rising  from  the  centre  of  one  of  Nature's  finest  amphitheatres,  the  view 
from  which  was  enchanting.  From  small  excavations  made  on  the  hill  and 
from  enquiries,  he  was  led  to  believe  that  a  Norman  castle  crowned  the 
apex  of  the  hill.  It  was  built  of  forest  marble  from  a  quarry  near,  and  he 
was  informed  that  a  former  lord  of  the  manor  took  the  whole  of  the 
ruins  to  build  a  farmhouse  near.  Several  coins  were  found,  but  he  had 
not  been  able  to  trace  them.  At  Rampisham,  about  a  mile  and  a-half 
from  Evershot,  a  Roman  tesselated  pavement  was  found  on  the  common 
in  1799.  "  When  discovered  it  was  in  a  very  perfect  state,  but  it  was 
afterwards  broken  by  ignorant  neighbours  from  an  idea  that  treasure 
lay  concealed  beneath  it."  In  Benville  Lane  in  the  same  parish  he 
found  in  one  of  the  "  pot  holes  "  the  large  heavy  flint  implement  which 
he  brought  for  their  inspection. 


XXXV111. 

The  party  then  divided,  a  few  going  under  the  escort  of  Rev.  C.  R. 
Baskett  to  Melbury  Bubb  Church,  where  there  is  an  interesting  Saxon 
font  and  some  fine  stained  glass.  The  rest  walked  through  the  park  to 
Melbury  House,  part  of  which  the  Earl  of  Ilchester,  who  had  written  to 
the  Hon.  Secretary  regretting  that  he  and  Lady  Ilchester  would  be 
unable  to  be  present  to  welcome  the  Club,  had  kindly  thrown  open  on 
the  occasion  of  their  visit.  The  many  beautiful  and  curious  tapestries, 
pictures,  carvings,  and  other  articles  of  virtu  were  of  great  interest  and 
much  appreciated  by  those  present.  After  seeing  also  the  Church  of 
Melbury  Samford,  close  by,  the  members  walked  through  the  park  to 
Evershot  Church,  where  they  were  met  by  Rev.  P.  H.  Milne,  the 
Rector,  who  read  a  paper  on  the  Church,  which  will  be  found  in  full  at 
p.  64  of  the  present  volume. 

After  an  inspection  of  the  church,  the  party  were  hospitably  entertained 
with  tea  by  Mr.  S.  R.  Baskett,  who  also  exhibited  a  collection  of  local 
fossils,  &c.,  and  walking  or  driving  to  Evershot  station,  left  by  the 
5.21  and  6.11  trains. 

WIMBORNE  MEETING.— The  third  and  last  Summer  Meeting  was 
held  on  Tuesday,  September  10th,  at  Wimborne  and  the  neighbourhood 
to  the  north  of  that  town,  and,  owing  to  the  important  ceremony  which 
took  place  after  luncheon  at  Gaunt's  House,  was  one  which  deserves 
especial  record  in  the  annals  of  the  Club.  A  full  account  (extracted 
from  the  Dorset  County  Chronicle  of  September  12th,  1395),  of  the 
presentation  of  a  silver  bowl  to  Mr.  J.  C.  Mansel-Pleydell,  who  had 
been  the  President  since  the  Club's  formation  in  1875,  has  already  been 
published  on  page  xlvii.  of  Vol.  XVI.  of  the  Proceedings,  and  need  not 
here  be  more  than  referred  to. 

More  than  100  attended  the  meeting  arid  met  at  Wimborne  station  at 
9.45  a.m.,  whence  they  drove  to  the  Church  of  Gussage  St.  Michael  and 
thence  to  the  neighbouring  Church  of  Gussage  All  Saints.  On  both  of 
these  Churches  papers  were  read  by  Rev.  Sir  TALBOT  H.  B.  BAKER,  with 
an  additional  note  on  the  bells  of  the  latter  by  the  Rector,  Rev.  W.  H. 
STENT.  These  papers  will  be  found  in  the  present  volume,  as  well  as  one 
on  Knowlton  Church,  an  interesting  ruin  surrounded  by  a  small  earth- 
work. Some  of  the  party  ascended  to  the  top  of  Gussage  All  Saints' 
tower  to-  inspect  the  old  bells,  especially  the  one  which  had  recently  been 
successfully  mended.  A  descriptive  note  on  Knowlton  was  added  by 
Mr.  W.  J.  FLETCHER.  The  last  Church  visited  before  luncheon  was 
Horton,  which  stands  on  the  site  of  an  ancient  monastery,  but 
unfortunately  time  did  not  permit  the  inspection  of  more  than  the  Church. 


XXXIX. 

The  party  were  conducted  over  the  Church  by  the  Kector,  Rev.   G. 
Wellington,  who  read  the  following  paper  : — 

"  The  parish  church  of  Horton  is  dedicated  to  Saint  Wolf  ride,  mother 
of  Saint  Edith,  Abbess  of  Wilton,  1401.  It  was  almost  wholly  rebuilt 
about  1720  from  its  then  ruinous  state,  and  is  probably  part  of  the  ancient 
priory  church.  The  north  transept  has  an  ancient  doorway  and  buttresses, 
and  on  a  small  stone  in  the  north  wall  is  inscribed  l.C.  1755.  There  is 
also  a  small  locker  on  the  east  side  of  the  doorway  within.  The  two 
monumental  effigies  on  each  side  of  the  doorway  within  were  removed 
from  the  Hastings  aisle  under  the  tower  at  the  restoration  of  1869.  The 
knight  in  Purbeck  marble  is  St.  Giles  de  Erase,  who  died  about  1395, 
and  it  formerly  rested  upon  a  low  altar  tomb.  The  lady  in  Harnhill  stone 
used  to  lie  near  it,  and  she  may  be  his  wife.  The  font  was  unused  for 
many  years,  and  was  stowed  away  in  a  dilapidated  condition  in  the 
Hastings  aisle.  At  the  restoration  of  1869  it  was  repaired  and  placed  in 
its  present  position.  The  body  of  the  church  underwent  a  restoration  in 
1869,  when  the  two  galleries  and  the  pulpit  sounding  board  were  removed, 
and  the  church  generally  was  put  into  a  state  of  repair.  The  vestry 
under  the  tower  is  the  old  Hastings  aisle  belonging  to  the  family  at 
Woodlands  House  ;  and  the  piers  supporting  the  arch  into  it  are  probably 
Norman.  In  it  there  is  a  monument  to  three  members  of  the  Hastings 
family,  and  on  the  floor  underneath  are  three  grave  stones  with  their 
respective  names.  The  registers  date  from  1563,  but  there  are  none  for  the 
years  1725  to  1740  and  also  1753  to  1773.  There  is  a  book  of  affidavits 
of  burials  in  Woollen  1678  to  1720  ;  and  also  the  churchwardens'  account 
book  from  1716  to  1895.  The  silver  chalice  and  paten  are  probably  of 
1610.  The  tower  was  rebuilt  in  1722  on  the  foundations  of  a  former  one, 
and  three  of  the  bells  were  sold  for  £79  16s.  In  the  churchwardens' 
account  book  there  is  the  following  entry  :— "  Whereas  the  tower  of  the 
parish  church  of  Horton  is  very  much  decayed,  and  the  parishioners  are 
desirous  to  erect  a  new  tower  upon  a  small  aisle  belonging  to  Edward 
Seymour,  Esq.,  the  said  Edward  Seymour,  Esq.,  doth  give  leave  that  the 
tower  should  be  erected  as  desired,  provided  the  parishioners  take  care 
to  place  the  monuments  in  the  same  places  in  which  they  now  stand,  as 
near  as  may  be,  and  proper  pews  be  erected  for  him  and  his  family.  In 
witness  whereof  we  have  hereunto  set  our  hands,  the  13th  day  of 
February,  1722.  E.  Seymour,  N.  Stuart,  Henry  Thornbull,  church- 
wardens." There  is  the  following  inscription  on  the  one  remaining  bell  : 
—"  Love  God.  1684.  F.D.,  E.F.,  W.F."  The  chancel  was  restored  in 
1869  and  in  1890  the  organ  and  choir  stalls  were  placed  in  it,  the  altar  and 
its  cloths  being  presented  by  the  Countess  of  Shaftesbury.  There  is  a 


xl. 

sundial  on  the  south  wall  of  the  church  on  which  is  inscribed  :— '*  Post 
est  occasio  calva.  G.  Young  fecit  1791.  The  first  recorded  Vicar  of  the 
parish  was  Baldwyn  de  Candel,  1295."  There  was  a  rectory  house  and 
sonic  rectorial  glebe,  but  these  were  very  anciently  appropriated  to  the 
Priory,  and  there  has  probably  never  been  any  vicarage  or  vicarial  glebe, 
the  Vicars  being  non-resident  until  about  1817,  when  the  Earl  of  Shaftes- 
bury  provided  a  house,  rent  free,  for  their  use. 

The  party  then  drove  to  Gaunt's  House,  where  they  had  been  hospit- 
ably invited  to  lunch  by  Sir  Richard  and  Lady  Glyn.  After  the  health 
of  the  host  and  hostess  had  been  proposed  the  new  members  were 
elected,  and  it  was  resolved  that  Captain  G.  R.  Elwes  should  be  asked 
to  represent  the  Club  at  the  ensuing  meeting  of  the  British  Association 
at  Ipswich.  An  adjournment  was  next  made  to  the  lawn,  where  the 
presentation  was  made  to  Mr.  J.  C.  Mansel-Pleydell.  The  presentation 
was  made  in  the  name  of  the  Club  by  Lord  Eustace  Cecil,  whose  speech, 
together  with  the  President's  reply,  will  be  found  in  full  in  the  last 
volume  of  Proceedings  at  page  xlvii. 

At  about  four  o'clock  the  members  drove  to  St.  Margaret's  Chapel 
close  to  Wimborne,  where  a  paper  was  read  by  Mr.  W.  J.  Fletcher, 
which  will  be  found  in  full  in  the  present  volume. 

After  partaking  of  tea  at  the  Crown  Hotel,  some  of  the  party  were 
taken  by  Mr.  Fletcher  over  the  Minster,  and  all  left  by  various  trains  at 
about  seven  p.m.  The  only  shower  during  the  clay,  unfortunately,  fell 
during  the  presentation. 

NEW  MEMBERS.— Two  were  elected. 

THE  FIRST-  WINTER  MEETING  was  held  on  Friday,  December  13th, 
1895,  in  the  Heading  Room  of  the  Dorset  County  Museum,  and  was 
attended  by  about  40  members. 

The  HON.  SEC.  announced  the  gift  by  the  British  Association  of  their 
volume  ot  Proceedings.  He  then  read  the  following  note  received  from 
Mr.  Henry  Spicer,  of  Bishop's  Caundle,  formerly  of  Dorchester  :— "Some 
years  ago  the  felling  of  a  lime  tree  in  Cedar  Park,  Dorchester,  brought 
to  light  a  curious  reminiscence  of  school  days.  It  is  the  name  of  Henry 
Spicer,  carved  in  the  bark  by  himself  67  years  ago,  when  at  a  school  kept 
at  the  adjoining  house  by  Mr.  Daniel.  The  name,  "  H.  Spicer,"  is 
remarkably  plain,  the  letters  having  been  very  little  obliterated  by  the 
growth  of  the  tree,  which  had  carried  up  the  inscription  nearly  30  feet 
high.  This  name  was  carved  on  the  north  side  of  the  tree.  Many  years 
previous  a  Mr.  Watts  had  cut  his  initials  "  H.  M.  W."  on  the  south  side 
in  the  butt  of  the  same  tree,  but  these  initials  remained  stationary."  The 


Hon.  Secretary  stated,  in  answer  to  questions,  that  Mr.  Spicer  had 
informed  him  that  both  names  were  cut  through  the  bark  to  the  same 
depth,  and  that  the  bark  did  not  grow  over  either.  These  notes  excited 
considerable  interest.  Mr.  FLOYER  read  a  paragraph  from  a  newspaper 
dated  October  12th  last,  in  which  a  Gottingeri  correspondent  described  a 
curious  discovery  of  the  same  kind  made  by  two  wood-choppers.  While 
at  work  in  Braunschweig  they  found  in  a  healthy  piece  of  a  trunk  of  red 
beechwood  the  marks  of  the  initial  "  H,"  the  date  1850,  and  carving  of 
skull  and  cross-bones,  the  skull  having  eyes,  nose,  and  mouth. 
EXHIBITS.— BY  THE  HON.  TREASURER  :— 

(i.)— A  skin  of  a  large  (common)  snake  found  when  very  lately  cast. 
He  observed  that  the  largest  snake  he  had  killed  on  Bloxworth  Heath 
was  4ft.  2in.  in  length. 

(ii.)— An  old  letter  dated  August,  1693,  from  Mr.  Blathraite  to 
Mr.  C.  S.  Trenchard,  on  political  matters.  It  was  found  amongst  papers 
formerly  in  the  possession  of  Sir  John  Trenchard,  Secretary  of  State  to 
King  William  III.  and  Queen  Mary. 

(iii.)— Some  sprigs  of  Turkey  oak  from  Bloxworth  Rectory  garden, 
shewing  the  deciduous   habit  of  the  tree,   which  appears   to  have  a 
natural  habit  of  casting  the  tips  of  its  branches  annually. 
BY  MR.  W.  COLFOX:— 

(iv.)— Some  glass  spear  heads  and  a  stone  tomahawk  head,  obtained 
from  Australian  aborigines  at  Broome,  Roebuck  Bay,  West  Australia, 
the  former  being  specially  interesting  as  being  counterparts  in  glass  of 
pakeolithic  implements  of  the  same  kind. 

(v.) — A  beautifully  mounted  specimen  of  the  American  Yellow-billed 
Cuckoo  (Cuculus  Amcricanus)  which  had  been  picked  up  dead  in  his 
garden  at  Westmead,  Bridport,  after  having  lived  there  for  some  months. 
Its  note  resembled  that  of  the  common  green  woodpecker.  This  is  only 
the  sixth  recorded  occurrence  of  this  species  in  the  British  Islands.  (See 
under  "  Rare  Birds  "  in  "  Phonological  Notes  "  at  p.  198  of  this  volume.) 
BY  MR.  R.  FETHERSTONHAUGH-FRAMPTON  :— 

(vi.)— A  letter  dated  July  15th,  1815,  from  Lieut.  James  Garland,  of 
H.M.8.  "  Superb,"  Barque  Roads,  giving  some  interesting  personal 
reminiscences  of  Napoleon  Buonaparte  as  follows :— "  I  have  the 
pleasure  of  telling  you  that  we  this  morning  got  hold  of  Buonaparte  and 
his  suite.  He  is  now  in  the  cabin  of  the  Bel lerop lion,  our  consort.  He 
has  given  himself  up  to  us  and  thrown  himself  on  the  generosity  of  the 
Prince  Regent  and  the  British  nation.  I  have  seen  him,  and  he  appears 
not  the  least  affected,  but  is  still  acting  the  Emperor.  He  has  with  him 
his  Dukes  and  forty  others,  all  military  men.  Count  and  Lady  Bertrand 


xlii. 

are  with  him.  The  latter  is  an  Irish  lady  by  birth,  daughter  of  Lord 
Dillon.  The  count  was  his  companion  in  Elba.  He  embarked  from  the 
battery  in  Barque  Roads  from  which  I  was  wounded.  He  has  25  horses 
and  five  carriages.  I  don't  know  the  number  of  vessels  it  will  take  to 
carry  all  his  baggage.  There  are  many  about  us  loaded  already.  The 
white  flag  is  flying  again,  and  w^as  hoisted  yesterday.  Buonaparte 
negotiated  first  to  be  allowed  a  free  pass  to  America  with  two  of  his 
frigates,  then  one  frigate  disarmed,  or  even  a  smaller  vessel ;  all  this  was 
refused.  His  marshals  threatened  they  wrould  attempt  to  escape  in  the 
night.  Our  answer  was  we  will  take  both  by  lighting.  Finding  we 
were  inflexible  he  gave  himself  up  on  the  terms  I  have  told  you.  In  a 
few  days  he  will  no  doubt  be  in  England.  His  brother  Joseph  is  to 
embark  to-morrow.  I  have  been  introduced  to  the  count.  He  has  had 
a  good  survey  of  the  Superb.  Buonaparte  is  quite  at  home  with  every- 
one and  makes  himself  equal  to  all ;  yet  there  is  something  about  him 
commanding  and  majestic.  The  count,  who  is  his  locum  tenens,  appears 
more  dejected  than  his  master.  Our  good  admiral  is  delighted.  It  is  a 
singular  coincidence  of  circumstances  that  at  the  closing  of  the  American 
War  the  iSuperb's  squadron  should  take  the  ship's  president  and  at  the 
close  of  the  French  War,  Napoleon  Buonaparte.  July  16 — You  will  be 
rejoiced  to  hear  that  I  have  this  moment  been  in  the  presence  of 
Buonaparte.  How  much  I  wish  you  could  see  this  man.  He  has  been  in 
my  cabin  where  Eliza  and  you  were.  He  was  quite  at  home,  and 
expressed  himself  much  pleased  with  everything  he  saw  on  board  of 
such  a  tine  ship  as  he  termed  it.  To  J.  Frampton,  Esq." 
BY  REV.  J.  CROSS:— 

(vii.)— A  piece  of  the  bark  of  Sequoia  from  California  Gin.  thick. 
BY  THE  HON.  SEC.  : — 

(viii.)— A  Tyg,  probably  of  Elizabethan  date.  This  is  a  drinking 
vessel  composed  of  red  pottery  covered  with  a  thick  dark  broAvn  brilliant 
lead  glaze,  of  a  conical  shape,  Sin.  high  and  having  two  handles  near 
together.  It  was  used  as  a  loving  cup  for  passing  round,  and  some 
specimens  have  as  many  as  twelve  or  more  handles.  There  are  two  or 
three  portions  of  tygs  in  the  Dorset  Museum,  the  more  usual  shape  being 
somewhat  spherical.  The  present  specimen  was  found  in  the  new  Law- 
Courts  excavations  near  Temple  Bar,  London. 
BY  MR.  H.  J.  MOULE  :— 

(ix.)— A  17th  century  book  containing  ink  drawings  of  more  than 
100  Dorset  coats  of  arms.  The  book  belonged  to  W.  Whiteway,  a  leading 
Dorchester  man  of  that  period.  It  has  since  been  purchased  for  the 
Museum. 


The  HON.  SEC.  stated  that  he  had  received  a  communication  from  Mr. 
W.  Alvord,  of  1140,  The  Rookery,  Chicago,  asking  if  the  Dorset 
Field  Club  could  help  him  to  trace  some  of  his  remote  ancestors,  who 
appeared  to  have  been  connected  with  Dorchester  and  Ilminster. 
Several  suggestions  were  elicited,  which  were  duly  communicated  to 
Mr.  Alvord  by  the  Hon.  Sec.  and  others. 

CHARMINSTER  CHANCEL  ARCH.— Rev.  O.  M.  RIDLEY  expressed  his 
gratitude  to  Sir  T.  Baker  and  the  Club  generally  for  the  expression  of  their 
opinion  as  to  the  desirability  of  retaining  this  fine  Norman  arch,  which 
had  undoubtedly  greatly  influenced  the  decision  to  preserve  it  which  had 
been  arrived  at.  Those  who  wished  to  remove  the  arch  had  given  way, 
and  a  large  donation  had  been  given  towards  the  restoration  in  con- 
sequence of  its  retention. 

PAPERS.— Five  were  read,  which  will  all  be  found  in  the  present 
volume.  The  first  by  the  PRESIDENT  "  On  the  Footprints  of  a  Dinosaur 
(Iguanodon? )  from  the  Purbeck  Beds  of  Swanage." 

The  second  by  Mr.  T.  B.  GROVES  on  "  Water  Analysis  a  Hundred 
Years  Ago." 

The  third  by  the  HON.  SEC.,  "  A  List  of  Portland  Lepidoptera," 
of  which  he  read  the  introductory  portion.  The  HON.  TREASURER 
expressed  his  satisfaction  at  the  fulness  of  the  list,  which  contained  a 
very  large  number  for  so  small  an  area  as  Portland.  The  Purbeck  list 
was  considerably  larger,  about  1,100  species  having  been  there  recorded, 
but  the  area  was  also  much  larger,  and  comprised  many  varieties  of 
surface. 

The  fourth  paper  was  by  Mr.  CLEMENT  REID,  F.G.S.,  on  "  An 
Early  Neolithic  Kitchen-Midden  and  Tufaceous  Deposit  at  Blashenwell, 
near  Corfe  Castle."  The  PRESIDENT,  in  thanking  Mr.  Reid,  lemarked 
that  among  the  many  interesting  features  in  connection  with  this  paper 
was  the  discovery  in  the  deposit  of  Scrobicularia  pipcrita,  a  bivalve 
shell-fish  restricted  to  muddy  estuaiies  in  connection  with  the  sea.  No 
trace  of  the  common  cockle  has  been  found  at  Blashenwell,  which 
makes  it  unlikely  that  the  Scrobicularia  was  brought  from  Poole 
Harbour,  where  the  cockle  abounds  as  well.  It  is  more  probable  that 
the  Neolithic  settlers  derived  their  supplies  from  Chapman's  Pool,  a 
distance  of  about  three  miles. 

The  last  paper  was  by  Mr.  EDWARD  A.  FRY,  of  Birmingham,  "  On  the 
Inquisitiones  Post  Mortem  for  Dorset,  from  Henry  III.  to  Richard  III." 
In  Mr.  Fry's  absence,  the  introductory  part  was  read  by  Mr.  II.  J. 
MOULE,  who  mentioned  that  Mi1.  Fry  was  one  of  th^  two  brothers 
who  started  to  print  the  "  Dorset  Records,"  but  had  to  give  it  up  for 


xliv. 

want  of  subscriptions.     They  now  proposed  to  print  them  in  a  smaller 
way. 

NEW  MEMBERS.— Four  were  elected. 

The  Meeting  broke  up  at  about  4.30  p.m. 

DORSET  COUNTY  MUSEUM  ANNUAL  MEETING.— Held  Wednesday, 
January  29th,  1896.  The  intimate  connection  which  has  always  existed 
between  the  Museum  and  the  Field  Club  has  on  this,  the  Jubilee 
anniversary  meeting  of  the  Museum,  been  further  cemented  by  the 
election  of  Mr.  Nelson  M.  Richardson,  the  Hon.  Secretary  of  the  Field 
Club  (elected  May  llth,  1892),  to  be  Hon.  Secretary  of  the  Museum. 
The  resignation  of  Mr.  Albert  Bankes,  who  had  held  the  post  of  Hon. 
Secretary  for  more  than  eleven  years,  was  viewed  with  great  regret  by 
the  subscribers,  who  fully  appreciated  the  excellent  work  done  by  him. 
The  following  resolution  was  passed :— "  That  this  meeting  of 
subscribers  desire  to  place  on  record  their  deep  sense  of  gratitude  to 
Mr.  Albert  Bankes  for  his  valuable  services  to  the  Museum  as  Hon. 
Secretary  for  over  eleven  years,  and  their  regret  at  his  resignation  of  that 
office,  and  they  direct  that  an  entry  of  this  resolution  be  made  in  the 
minutes  of  their  proceedings." 

THE  SECOND  WINTER  MEETING  was  held  on  Tuesday,  February  llth, 
1896,  in  the  Reading-room  of  the  County  Museum,  Dorchester,  about 
40  being  present.  The  President  took  the  chair  at  noon. 

DONATION  IN  AID  OF  SALISBURY  CATHEDRAL.— It  was  proposed  by 
Rev.  Sir  TALBOT  BAKER,  and  seconded  by  the  PRESIDENT,  that  as  an 
Antiquarian  Society  deeply  interested  in  the  preservation  of  Salisbury 
Cathedral  they  should,  as  a  body,  endeavour  to  contribute  a  sum 
towards  the  fund  now  being  raised.  The  Cathedral  was  the  only  one 
which  was  built  in  a  pure  Early  English  style  without  admixture,  and 
it  was  most  important  that  it  should  be  preserved  and  restored  in  the 
best  way  possible,  for  which  a  very  large  sum  was  needed.  A  small 
committee  was  appointed,  with  Mr.  H.  J.  Moule  as  Hon.  Secretary,  and 
it  was  decided  that  the  amount  of  each  contribution  should  be  limited  to 
5s.,  so  as  not  to  interfere  with  any  private  donations  towards  the  same 
object.  The  amount  eventually  raised  and  paid  to  the  Dean  of 
Salisbury  in  the  name  of  the  Club  was  30  guineas. 

MAUMBWRY  RINGS.— Mr.  E.  CUNNINGTON  expressed  his  pleasure  at  the 
way  in  which  Maumbury  Rings  had  been  restored  and  was  being  taken 
care  of,  there  having  been  danger  that  this  most  interesting  relic  of 
Roman  times  might  be  seriously  damaged. 


xlv. 

CHARMINSTER  CHURCH.— Mr.  ALBERT  BANKES  exhibited  three  photo- 
graphs of  the  Church,  and  read  some  notes  on  the  subject,  of  which 
the  following  is  an  epitome  :— 

"  The  «  Golden  Prebend  of  Bere  and  Charminster,'  as  it  was  anciently 
called,  included  the  Manor  of  Charminster,  the  rectories  of  Charminster 
and  Bere  Kegis,  and  tithes  on  several  parts  of  the  parish  of  Charminster. 
Owing  no  doubt  to  the  great  value  of  the  living  in  those  days, 
Charminster  Church  must  have  been  served  by  a  very  superior  class  of 
rector,  as  we  note  in  Hutchins  that  between  1375  and  1448  no  less  than 
three  rectors  of  Charminster  were  raised  to  the  episcopal  bench  ;  but 
in  the  21st  year  of  Elizabeth  the  tithes  of  Charminster,  Stratton, 
Grimstone,  Poleston,  and  Forston  were  granted  to  Sir  Christopher 
Hatton.  Thus,  to  quote  Hutchins,  '  This  rich  prebend  was  dissipated, 
and  the  Church  robbed  of  a  noble  preferment  by  the  rapacity  of 
courtiers  and  the  avarice  of  private  persons.'  In  1650  Sir  Thomas 
Trenchard,  Kt.,  had  bought  the  tithes,  and  the  magnificent  stipend  of 
£9  4s.  8d.  was  paid  by  the  Trenchards  to  a  curate  for  reading  the 
Common  Prayer  in  the  two  churches  of  Charminster  and  Stratton, 
nearly  two  miles  apart.  Whether  the  unfortunate  curate  had  to  preach 
a  sermon  in  addition  to  reading  the  Common  Prayer  AVC  are  not  told. 
About  the  time  of  the  civil  wars  the  chancel,  28ft.  in  length,  was 
demolished,  the  arch  walled  up,  and  an  east  window  placed  in  it." 

In  the  restoration  carried  on  it  was  decided  to  divide  the  work  into 
three  divisions  in  order  that  no  debt  might  be  incurred  :  (1)  The  Nave  and 
South  Aisle  ;  (2)  The  North  Aisle  ;  (3)  The  Chancel.  A  considerable 
sum  was  collected,  chiefly  in  Charminster,  and  the  work  of  removing 
the  gallery  over  the  western  arch,  and  underpinning  the  walls, 
proceeded  with.  In  stripping  the  cement  off  the  exterior  of  the  walls 
four  Norman  windows,  blocked  up  and  forgotten  for  at  least  350  years- 
resembling  those  in  Studland  Church,  near  Corfe  Castle— were 
discovered  in  the  original  clerestory.  These  windows  are  only  5^111 . 
wide  on  the  outside,  but  open  out  considerably  on  the  inside.  On  the 
removal  of  the  upper  layer  of  plaster  on  the  inside  of  the  church  a 
number  of  black-letter  texts  of  the  Information  period  appeared,  arranged 
in  various  devices.  In  the  S.E.  angle  of  the  south  aisle  an  Early 
English  piscina  in  good  preservation  has  been  found.  Now  that  the 
tower  arch  has  been  opened  out,  and  the  ground  excavated  so  as  to  show 
the  full  height  of  the  Norman  columns,  the  true  proportions  of  the 
church  are  beginning  to  be  seen,  and  there  is  every  promise  of  its 
turning  out  a  dignified  and  really  fine  structure.  But  it  will  be  a  great 
pity  if  the  funds  will  not  allow  of  the  tower  and  north  aisle  being  also 


xlvi. 

restored  without  delay,  as  also  the  chancel,  or  else  the  general  effect  of 
the  building  will  be  seriously  injured.  Since  the  above  was  written 
another  most  interesting  find  has  been  discovered— namely,  the  winding 
staircase  in  the  middle  of  the  wall,  leading  from  the  corner  in  the  north 
aisle  to  where  formerly  stood  the  rood-loft.  The  approximate  estimate 
for  the  complete  repair  of  Charminster  Church  has  just  been  given  to 
me  by  our  energetic  and  business-like  lion,  treasurer  and  secretary, 
Captain  Dymond.  First  estimate  for  repair  of  nave  and  south  aisle, 
£1,297  ;  2nd  estimate  for  north  aisle,  £997  ;  3rd  estimate  for  chancel, 
£1,206— total,  £3,500. 

The  HON.  SECRETARY  alluded  to  Chickerell  Church,  which  was  about  to 
undergo  a  partial  restoration  as  far  as  funds  would  permit,  and  said  that 
any  advice  from  the  archaeologists  of  the  Club  would  be  acceptable. 
He  exhibited  a  tile  with  a  dark  green  glaze  found  in  the  wall  of  the 
Church,  and  mentioned  that  two  coins  had  been  found,  one  George  III., 
1797,  apparently  purposely  imbedded  in  the  plaster  of  the  newer  part 
of  the  Church,  the  other  William  III.  (1700  ?),  under  the  pulpit,  on  the 
earth. 

EXHIBITS.— BY  THE  PRESIDENT  :— 

(i.) — A  basalt  celt  from  Bere  Regis  in  a  fine  state  of  preservation. 
The  felspar  of  the  basalt  had  been  decomposed  on  the  surface,  leaving 
the  augite  in  a  granular  state. 

(ii.)— The  palatal  crushing  teeth  of  Strophodus  magnus,  a  shark  of 
the  Forest  Marble  period,  which  were  adapted  for  the  mastication  of 
crustaceans  and  hard-shelled  animals.  Type  Cestracion  Philippi,  the 
Port  Jackson  Shark  of  the  present  day. 

BY  REV  J.  BOND  :^ 

(iii.)— A  quern  with  a  raised  edge  or  flange  all  round  the  circum- 
ference of  the  lower  stone,  except  for  a  small  opening,  by  which  what  was 
ground  could  find  an  exit.  This  flange  is  very  unusual,  though  it  is 
stated  to  exist  in  ancient  Irish  querns,  but  not  in  more  recent  ones. 
The  stone  was  presented  by  Mr.  Bond  to  the  Museum.  The  HON. 
TREASURER  said  that  he  believed  that  there  was  a  similar  flange  on  a 
much  larger  stone  which  he  saw  at  Pompeii.  Colonel  PALMER  said  that 
he  had  seen  similar  flanged  querns  in  India,  and  that  they  were  used  for 
semi-liquid  substances. 

BY  MR.  R.  P.  F.  FRAMPTON  :— 

(iv.)— Specimens  of  clay  coloured  green  from  Moreton.  Mr. 
Frampton  was  unable  to  obtain  information  about  the  colouring  matter 
at  the  meeting,  but  sent  the  specimens  to  Mr.  Clement  Reid,  F.G.S., 
from  whom  he  received  the  following  letter  on  the  subject :— 


xlvii. 

"Geological  Survey  Office,  Jermyn  Street-,  25th  February,  1896. 
Dear  Sir, — The  green  loams  you  send  belong  to  the  Reading  beds,  the 
sand  immediately  above  being  perhaps  the  base  of  the  over-lying  London 
clay.  Clays  like  those  sent  occur  in  several  parts  of  Hants  and  Sussex, 
but  in  Dorset  I  have  only  noticed  them  at  the  foot  of  Black  Hill,  where 
they  rest  immediately  on  the  chalk.  Clays  of  this  peculiar  colour  are 
usually  mixed  •with  others  coloured  blood-red,  purple,  or  white.  The 
meaning  of  these  striking  colours  is  not  clearly  understood  ;  but  the 
fossils  found  in  them  are  always  turtles,  crocodiles,  land  plants,  and 
such  fish  and  shells  as  live  in  salt  lakes  or  brackish  water  lagoons.  The 
exact  nature  of  the  green  colouring  matter  is  unknown,  for,  being  a 
mere  film  on  the  grains  of  sand,  it  is  very  difficult  to  isolate  for  analysis. 
It  is  probably  a  silicate  of  iron  like  glauconite,  though  not  forming 
separate  grains  like  the  glauconite  of  marine  origin  found  in  the  green- 
sand  or  dredged  in  the  Atlantic  by  the  Challenger.  I  am  afraid  that 
there  is  little  chance  of  finding  good  pipe-clay  west  of  Moreton. 
The  Bagshot  sands,  in  which  the  clay  occurs,  are  there  becoming 
gravelly  and  very  irregular,  so  that  any  bed  of  pipe- clay  is  likely  to 
be  cut  up  and  divided  into  masses  too  small  to  work.  A  little  pipe- 
clay occurs  as  far  west  as  Outer  Heath.— Yours  faithfully,  CLEMENT 
REID." 

BY  ME.  EDWARD  A.  FRY  :— 

(v.)— A  book  entitled  "A  Commission  to  enquire  of  Church 
Livings  in  the  County  of  Dorset,  13th  November,  1650,"  on  which  the 
following  note  (communicated  by  Mr.  Fry)  was  read  by  Mr.  H.  J. 
MOULE  :— As  a  specimen  of  caligraphy  this  book  is  worth  exhibition, 
but  beyond  this,  there  is  the  interest  attaching  to  it  as  apiece  of  history 
relating  to  Dorset. 

The  contents  have  been  made  use  of  to  some  extent  by  Hutchins  in  his 
"  History  of  Dorset  "  (indeed,  it  is  not  improbable  that  he  had  this  very 
book  in  his  hands),  but  there  are  many  interesting  details  which  he  has 
not  inserted. 

The  book  was  originally  in  the  possession  of  Sir  Peter  Thompson,  of 
Poole,  a  noted  antiquary,  of  whom  there  is  a  short  biography  under 
"Poole"  in  Vol.  I.,  66,  of  Hutchins'  "History,"  and  was  probably 
made  for  him  and  the  contents  duly  attested  as  being  correct  copies  of 
the  original  documents  by  Henry  Rooke,  one  of  the  officials  of  the 
Court  of  Chancery  in  the  last  century.  I  gather  from  Mr.  Scargill 
Bird's  "Guide  to  the  Record  Office,"  pp.  105-106,  that  the  surveys  of 
church  livings  are  contained  in  three  volumes,  and  were  taken  pursuant 
to  an  Ordinance  of  Parliament  dated  20th  December,  1649,  and  were 


xlviii. 

presentments  of  the  inhabitants  of  various  parishes  throughout  England 
of  the  number  and  value  of  the  ecclesiastical  benefices  therein,  with  the 
names  of  the  incumbents,  &c. 

Vol.  I.  contains  returns  for  the  counties  of  Berks,  Bucks,  Essex, 
Gloucester,  Hertford,  Lancaster,  and  Lincoln. 

Vol.  II.  contains  the  return  for  the  county  of  Dorset  only  (and  is  the 
one  now  on  exhibition). 

Vol.  III.  contains  the  returns  for  Middlesex,  Norfolk,  Northumber- 
land, Oxford,  Sussex,  Westmoreland,  Wilts,  and  Yorks. 

The  above  original  returns  represent,  therefore,  only  16  out  of  the  40 
counties  of  England,  and  are  the  only  ones  known  to  exist ;  but  there 
are  in  the  Lambeth  Library  24  large  volumes,  consisting  chiefly  of 
oilicial  copies  of  these  returns,  which  were  made  shortly  after  the 
originals,  and  which  in  many  cases  supply  their  places  where 
wanting. 

I  have  also  recently  seen  the  original  Commissioners'  return  for  all 
that  was  taken  of  the  county  of  Worcester,  some  15  or  20  parishes  only. 
Dorset  may  therefore  be  considered  fortunate  in  being  one  of  the  few 
counties  having  a  complete  return. 

BOTANICAL  EXHIBITS.— BY  REV.  E.  F.  LINTON  :— 

(\i.)—Saponaria  vaccaria,  L.  Chalky  field,  south  of  Melbury  Abbas 
(near  Shaftesbury) ;  a  casual,  here  and  there  established  sufficiently  to 
have  a  place  in  the  London  Catalogue. 

Filago  apiculata,  G.  E.  Sm.  Waste  ground  between  Pavkstone  and 
Branksome. 

Rhimuithus  Crista-Galli,  var.  fallax,  Koch.  Meadows  about 
Wareham,  D.  and  G. 

Salix  purpurea  and  viminalis,  v.  Forbyatw.  Trigon  Farm,  Wareham  ; 
also  seen  near  Tarrant  Crawford,  by  the  river  Stour. 

Salix  aurita  and  repcns  (S.  ambigua,  Ehrb).  By  Littlesea.  The 
first  occurrence,  though  often  looked  for  by  the  Rev,  W.  Moyle  Rogers 
and  myself. 

Bromtts  arvensis,  Linn.— Chalky  field  of  wheat,  east  of  Aimer  ; 
introduced,  no  doubt,  but  not  unfrequent  in  England,  and  holding  a 
place  in  all  recent  editions  of  the  London  Catalogue. 

BY  MR.  T.  B.  GROVES  :— 

(viii.)— Calcium  Carbide,  the  material  from  which  is  produced  the 
gas  Acetylene,  the  new  illuminant.  Put  into  water,  this  substance 
evolves  gas  and  makes  the  water  boil  with  some  violence,  the  bubbles 
taking  fire  with  a  series  of  small  bright  explosions.  Mr.  Groves 
successfully  performed  this  beautiful  experiment." 


xlix. 

By  MR.  BURNAND  (Poole)  :— 

(viii.)— Flint  arrow-heads  from  gravel  beds,  Kentucky.  These  were 
beautifully  made  and  in  very  good  condition. 

BY  MR.  B.  A.  HOGG  :— 

(ix.) — A  worked  flint,  of  palaeolithic  style,  believed  by  him,  however, 
to  be  neolithic.    Mr.  CUNNINGTON  said  that  he  considered  it  palaeolithic, 
(x.)— Ancient  British  silver  coin,  found  at  Dorchester. 

BY  MR.  N.  BOND  :— 

(xi.) — Pieces  of  Roman  Pottery  found  in  the  kitchen  garden  of 
Creech  Grange,  when  making  alterations  in  1858,  on  the  site  of  a 
supposed  Roman  Pottery.  Amongst  what  was  dug  up  were  three 
pillars  supposed  to  be  the  supports  of  the  kiln  floor. 

(xii.)— A  large  and  massive  gold  ring,  with  the  following  note  :— 

"  This  ring  was  found  at  Holme  about  1842  by  a  man  digging  in  the 
garden  adjoining  the  Monks'  fish  pond. 

Holme  was  a  cell  belonging  to  the  Priory  of  Montacute  (Cluniac). 

It  may  be  presumed  from  the  religious  subjects  that  the  ring  belonged 
to  the  Prior. 

The  lion  rampant  langued  armed  and  crowned,  engraved  upon  it  as  a 
seal,  was  probably  the  arms,  and  the  name  was  indicated  by  the 
initials  T.  in  front,  and  I.  within  the  curl  of  the  tail." 

The  ornamental  engravings  upon  its  surface  are  much  worn  away. 
On  one  side  near  the  seal  is  a  representation  of  the  three  persons  of  the 
Blessed  Trinity,  on  the  other  the  B.V.  Mary  with  the  infant. 

The  design  upon  the  third  compartment  on  the  narrow  part  is  perhaps 
St.  Christopher." 

BY  MR.  F.  J.  BECKFORD  : — 

(xiii.)— Some  relics  from  Egyptian  tombs,  including  some  of  the 
little  figures  placed  with  the  mummies  to  help  them  to  perform  the 
tasks  they  would  be  compelled  to  do  after  death.  Also  some  shark's 
teeth  taken  from  the  rocks  on  which  the  great  pyramid  stands. 

BY  MR.  A.  M.  WALLIS  :— 

(xiv.)— Two  photographs  of  a  fine  new  species  of  fossil  cycad,  about 
3ft.  long,  found  by  him  at  Portland.  The  specimen  is  now  in  the 
British  Museum. 

PAPERS. — Six  were  read,  which  will  be  found  at  length  in  the  present 
volume. 

The  first  by  the  PRESIDENT  "On  a  Romano-British  Brick-kiln  and  a 
British  Barrow  at  Bagber,  in  the  parish  ot  Milton  Abbas." 

The  second  by  the  HON.  TREASURER  "  On  a  Whirlwind  at  Bloxworth." 
This  paper  produced  several  accounts  of  whirlwinds.  The  Hon.  Secretary 


1. 

read  an  account  of  one  near  Chelmsforcl  about  1870,  communicated  by 
Rev.  W.  Gibbens,  which  passed  through  his  house,  breaking  doors,  &c. , 
and  afterwards,  about  three  miles  off'  in  a  northward  direction,  made  a 
road  10  yards  wide  through  a  wood  of  oak,  elm,  and  beech  trees,  twisting 
off  their  heads  nearly  halfway  down  their  stems.  Accounts  of  other 
whirlwinds  at  Sydling,  Esher,  and  the  I.  of  Wight  were  given  by  the 
PRESIDENT,  Mr.  F.  J.  BECKFORD,  and  Mr.  R.  F.  FRAMPTON.  The  HON. 
SECRETARY  also  alluded  to  the  one  at  Ranston  (See  Proc.  Vol.  XVI., 
p.  xxiv. ) 

The  third  paper  was  by  Mr.  E.  G.  BAKER,  F.L.S.,  of  the  British 
Museum  of  Natural  History,  South  Kensington,  "  On  a  New  Dorsetshire 
Variety  of  Plantago  coronopus,  Linn,"  and  was  illustrated  by  specimens 
of  the  plant  from  Charmouth  and  drawings.  Rev.  E.  F.  LlNTON 
stated  that  in  his  opinion  the  plant  was  a  variety  of  P.  coronopus,  and 
not  a  distinct  species,  as  had  been  suggested,  and  adduced  in  support  of 
this  the  variability  of  the  number  of  seeds.  In  Armeria  there  is  a 
variety  with  three-nerved  leaves  instead  of  the  normal  one-nerved 
form. 

The  fourth  paper  was  by  Mr.  E.  CUNNINGTON,  "A  few  Notes  on  a 
Find  of  Neolithic  Flints  at  Portisham,"  with  "  Geological  Notes  on  the 
Locality,"  by  Rev.  OSMOND  FISHER,  F.G.S.  The  flints  were  exhibited 
by  Mr.  Cunnington,  and  presented  by  him  to  the  Museum. 

The  fifth  paper  was  by  Mr.  H.  J.  MOULE,  "  Notes  on  One  or  Two 
Examples  of  Endurance  of  Vegetable  Life  under  Difficulties."  The 
PRESIDENT  made  some  remarks  on  ihe  wonderful  power  of  penetration 
possessed  by  fibrous  roots. 

The  sixth  and  last  paper  was  by  the  HON.  TREASURER,  "  On  New  and 
Rare  Spiders,"  and  was  illustrated  by  beautiful  drawings  made  by  the 
Author. 

NEW  MEMBERS.— Seven  were  elected. 

The  Meeting  broke  up  at  about  4.30  p.m. 


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SPECIAL  DONATIONS  OF  PLATES,   &c.,   TOWARDS 
VOL.  XVII. 

FROM  KEVT.  CANON  SIR  TALBOT  H.  B.  BAKER,  BART. 

Plate  of  Gussage  All  Saints'  Church. 

,,        Knowlton  Church  and  Earthwork. 
FROM  J.  C.  MANSEL-PLEYDELL,  ESQ.,  F.G.S.,  F.L.S. 

Plate  of  Femur  of  Iguanodon,  &c. 
,,        Footprints  of  Dinosaur. 
,,        Burial  Urns  from  Bagber  No.  I. 

No.  II. 


DONATIONS  TO   PLATE  FUND,   1895-1896. 

£  s.  d. 

June  3,   1895-H.  J.  Moule,  Esq.  ...  ...  ...  ...  0    2    6 

,,    10,     ,,    — Piev.  G.  Thompson  ...  ...  ...  ...  0    5    0 

,,   24,     ,,    —  Rev.  John  Bond  ...  ...  ...  ...  0  10    0 

Jan.  26,  1896—11.  G.  Clarke,  Esq.  ...  ...  ...  ...  0110 

Feb.    1,     ,,    — Ptev.  John  Bond  ...  ...  ...  ...  0  10    0 

May    7,    ,,    —Mrs.  Forrester  ...  ...  ...  ...  0    5    0 

£236 


The  thanks  of  the  Club  are  also  due  to  those  Artists  who  have  given 
their  time  and  skill  in  making  the  original  drawings  for  the  plates 
cont  lined  in  the  present  volume. 


«&nnitor*ttrs  JUfortas  of  the  finsiknt. 


Unavoidably  postponed  Jrom  the  Annual  Meeting,  May  7th,  1S9G,  and 
read  November  20th,   1896. 


COMMENCE  my  anniversary  address,  as  usual,  with  the 
notice  of  members  who  have  been  removed  by  death 
during  the  past  year.  Sir  Joseph  Prestwich,  F.R.S., 
one  of  the  most  distinguished  British  geologists,  is 
lost  to  us.  He  was  one  of  the  few  survivors  of  those 
who  were  led  by  Buckland,  Sedgwick,  Fitton,  de  la 
Beche,  Murchison,  Scrope,  and  Lyell.  He  had  for  his 
contemporaries  Agassiz,  Owen,  Phillips,  Godwin- 
Austen,  E.  Forbes,  Ramsay,  and  Warrington  Smythe, 
all  of  whom  have  passed  away,  whilst  his  older  surviving  friends, 
Sir  John  Evans,  Rev.  0.  Fisher,  J.  Rupert  Jones,  R.  Etheridge,  and 
II.  Woodward,  are  still  living.  He  was  the  first  to  demonstrate  to 
the  English  men  of  science  that  the  flint-implements  found  in  the 
valley  of  the  Somme  (France)  were  of  human  workmanship,  and  that 
they  were  lying  in  undisturbed  beds  of  sand  and  gravel,  in  conjunc- 
tion with  the  remains  of  extinct  mammalia,  as  had  been  asserted 
by  Boucher  de  Perthes.  His  paper  before  the  Royal  Society  gained 
acceptance  of  his  views  amongst  geologists.  Among  many  of  his 
papers  brought  before  the  Institute  of  Civil  Engineers  is  one  "  On 
the  Origin  of  the  Chesil  Bank."  Differing  from  previous  observers, 
who  attributed  it  to  shingle  drifted  from  the  Devonshire  and 
Dorsetshire  coasts,  he  showed  it  was  due  to  the  wreck  of  the  old 


1V1.  PRESIDENTS   ADDRESS. 

"Raised  Beach  "  of  the  Pleistocene  age,  a  remnant  of  which  still 
exists  25ft.  above  the  sea  level  on  the  Bill  of  Portland,  and  which 
stretched  to  the  Cornish  and  Devonshire  coasts  on  one  side  and  to 
Brighton  on  the  other.  He  was  appointed  by  the  Vice-Chancellor 
of  the  University  of  Oxford,  Dean  Liddell,  to  succeed  Professor 
Phillips  in  the  chair  of  geology  in  1874.  He  served  the  office  of 
President  of  the  Geological  Society  of  London  from  1870  to  1872. 
He  was  made  Vice-President  of  the  Royal  Society  in  1870.  In 
1874  the  Institute  of  Civil  Engineers  awarded  him  the  Telford  medal 
and  a  premium  for  his  paper  on  "  The  Geological  Conditions 
affecting  the  Construction  of  a  Tunnel  between  France  and  Eng- 
land." In  1886  the  first  volume  (chemical  and  physical)  of  his  great 
work  on  geology  was  published,  and  in  1890  the  second  volume 
(stratigraphical  and  physical),  when  the  University  of  Oxford 
conferred  on  him  the  honorary  degree  of  D.C.L.  His  latest  papers 
were  read  before  the  Geological  Society  of  London — "  On  the  Age 
of  the  Valley  of  the  Darent  and  Remarks  on  the  Palaeolithic 
Implements  of  the  District,  &c  ,"  in  which  he  shows  that  on  the 
high  chalk  plateaux  of  Kent  there  are  flint-implements  of  a  peculiar 
rude  type,  fashioned  by  a  race  of  men  of  much  greater  antiquity 
than  those  who  made  the  implements  of  the  Thames  and  Somine 
valleys  ;  "  On  the  Raised  Beaches  and  Head,  or  Rubble  Drifts 
of  the  South  of  England,"  "  On  the  Evidence  of  a  Submer- 
gence of  Western  Europe  at  the  close  of  the  Glacial  Period,"  and 
"  On  the  Phenomena  of  the  Quaternary  Period  in  the  Isle  of 
Portland  and  around  Weymouth."  His  death  took  place  on  the 
23rd  June  last  at  his  country  home,  Darent  Hulme,  Shoreham,  in  his 
84th  year.  His  widow,  who  was  daughter  of  Dr.  Hugh  Falconer, 
F.R.S.,  and  his  beloved  adviser  and  co-worker  in  the  science  he  loved, 
survives  him.  Colonel  Mansel,  my  very  near  and  dear  relative, 
was  suddenly  called  away  on  the  26th  March  last.  His  profession 
as  a  soldier  did  not  bring  him  in  close  contact  with  the  sciences 
which  engage  our  attention.  On  leaving  the  service  he  continued 
to  take  interest  in  the  profession  of  arms,  and  threw  all  his  energies 
into  the  furtherance  of  the  Volunteer  movement,  which  was  at  that 


PRESIDENT'S  ADDRESS.  Ivii. 

time  engaging  the  attention  of  the  nation,  and  has  now  grown  to  be 
a  most  important  auxiliary  to  the  regular  army.  Mainly  through 
his  influence  the  Dorset  Battalion  was  established,  which  he  com- 
manded from  its  embodiment  in  1860  to  1876,  when  he  was 
appointed  Honorary  Colonel,  which  position  he  held  to  the  day  of  his 
death.  The  members  will  remember  the  hearty  welcome  the  club 
received  from  him  and  Mrs.  Mansel  at  Smedmore  in  the  year 
1889. 

The  Dorset  Natural  History  and  Antiquarian  Field  Club 
attained  its  majority  last  year.  Since  its  commencement  it  has 
maintained  a  steady  course  of  scientific  work,  and  has  now  upwards 
of  300  members  on  its  list.  To  me  last  year  was  the  brightest  of  all 
the  previous  ones,  when  I  received  the  most  gratifying  proof  of  the 
esteem  and  kindly  feeling  towards  me  on  the  part  of  all  the 
members  by  the  presentation  of  a  very  handsome  silver  vase  at 
Gaunt's  House  at  the  last  autumn  meeting  of  the  Club,  where  the 
Club  was  hospitably  entertained  by  Sir  Kichard  and  Lady  Glyn. 
The  presentation  was  accompanied  by  a  most  kind  and  flattering 
eulogy  by  my  dear  and  kind  friend,  Lord  Eustace  Cecil. 

Year  by  year  the  Club  is  favoured  by  the  friendly  assistance  of 
several  eminent  geological  friends  who  are  working,  or  who  have 
worked,  in  our  classic  county.  Among  these  I  gratefully  mention  Mr. 
A.  J.  Jukes-Browne,  who  gave  us  an  important  paper  last  year  "  On 
the  Origin  of  the  Valleys  in  the  Chalk-Downs  of  North  Dorset." 
To-day  we  shall  have  one  by  the  pen  of  this  eminent  geologist  "  On 
the  Origin  of  the  Vale  of  Marshwood  and  of  the  Greensand  Hills 
of  West  Dorset."  The  Vale  of  Marshwood  is  a  small  counterpart 
of  the  Weald,  due  to  a  periclinal  uplift  of  the  strata  between  the 
two  synclinals  of  Dorchester  and  South-East  Devon  (Bere  Head  &c.), 
Mr.  Jukes-Browne  has  also  determined  the  names  of  fossils  collected 
by  the  late  Rev.  Charles  Bingham  from  the  basement  bed  of  the  Upper 
Greensand  at  Binghain's  Melcombe,  and  another  from  Osmington 
on  the  >«ame  horizon,  all  of  which  are  in  the  County  Museum.  In 
1892  he  found  the  Lower  Greensand  at  the  base  of  the  cretaceous 
beds  which  flank  the  Vale  of  Blackmore;  until  then  the  Gault  was 


Iviii.  PRESIDENT^   ADDRESS. 

supposed  to  be  the  junction-bed  with  the  Kimmeridge  Clay. 
For  some  time  it  was  a  puzzle  to  the  early  geologists  how  to  account 
for  the  absence  of  the  Upper  Portland  and  the  Purbeck  beds  in 
the  Vale  of  Blackmore  ;  Dr.  Buckland  explained  it,  under  the 
supposition  that  the  missing  beds  had  fallen  down  in  the 
abyss  below.  It  is  now  known  that  the  cretaceous  sea  invaded 
the  upturned  missing  beds.  The  extension  of  the  Lower 
Greensand  has  this  year  been  traced  westward  to  Okeford 
Fitzpaine  by  Miss  Barbara  Forbes  and  Miss  Lowndes,  where  a 
fine  section  is  exposed  in  a  brickyard  west  of  the  village, 
comprising  a  fossiliferous  bed  of  Gault,  separated  by  a  brown 
sandy  rock  from  the  Greensand,  beneath  which  is  a  bed  containing 
silicious  pebbles.  We  owe  a  debt  of  gratitude  to  Mr.  Clement  Reid 
also,  who  is  now  examining  the  quaternary  beds  of  the  county,  for 
a  paper  on  "The  Charred  Pinewood  from  the  Dorset  Peat-mosses," 
and  for  another  on  the  "Tufaceous  Deposit  at  Blashenwell,"  in 
which  he  agrees  with  the  opinion  expressed  in  my  anniversary 
address  last  year  that  there  are  evidences  of  a  Neolithic  settlement 
upon  it,  and  further  that  there  was  a  subsequent  settlement  during 
the  Roman  period.  He  has  found  proofs  of  glacial  action  at  Paghnm 
Harbour  and  Selsea,  where  there  is  a  deposit  of  boulder-clay  con- 
taining fossils  derived  from  a  superincumbent  bed  of  Bracklesham 
clay  containing  marine  mollusca  of  the  Pleistocene  age,  with  large 
chalk-flints  and  some  crystalline  rocks,  granites,  greenstones,  and 
sedimentary  representing  the  Upper  Greensand  and  Upper  Tertiaries. 
The  granites  were  probably  derived  from  Brittany  and  transported 
by  floating  shore-ice.  There  is  no  other  instance  of  the  kind  in  the 
south  ;  but  there  is  evidence  of  intensely  cold  conditions  in  Dorset- 
shire, indicating  a  temperature  considerably  lower  than  that  of 
the  present  day,  and  to  which  our  dry-coombes  may  owe  their 
origin  ;  snow-sheets  and  glaciers  did  not  extend  farther  south 
than  the  Thames  valley.  Mr.  Starkie  Gardner's  paper  on  "  The 
Leaf -beds  of  Bournemouth,"  which  was  read  before  the  members 
last  yearj  gives  a  retrospect  of  the  changes  to  which  Great  Britain 
has  submitted  since  the  commencement  of  the  Tertiary  period,  when 


PRESIDENT'S  ADDRESS.  lix. 

the  freshwater  deposits  derived  to  a  great  extent  from  the  denuda- 
tion of  the  Upper  Chalk  were  spread  over  by  a  great  river  flowing 
from  west  to  south.  After  a  long  succession  of  oscillations,  causing 
a  series  of  brackish,  marine,  and  freshwater  deposits,  the  Bagshot 
period  was  ushered  in  by  a  depression  which  caused  the  great  river 
to  empty  itself  into  the  Atlantic  instead  of  the  German  Ocean,  and 
which  brought  in  a  warmer  sea-fauna.  There  were  a  series  of  small 
lakes  in  the  Corfe  and  Poole  district  ;  those  on  the  east  were  filled 
by  pipeclays,  those  on  the  west  by  the  finer  clays  of  which  the 
Staffordshire  ware  is  made.  Mr.  A.  Smith-Woodward,  F.G.S., 
promises  us  a  paper  on  a  new  species  of  PhoHdophorus  from  the 
Oxford  clay  at  Chickerell,  found  by,  and  in  the  possession  of  our 
valued  Secretary,  who,  as  well  as  our  equally-valued  Treasurer,  has 
made  several  additions  to  the  entomological  lists  of  the  county 
since  last  year. 

Mr.  E.  G.  Baker,  F.L.S.,  in  the  Botanical  Department  of  the 
British  Museum,  contributed  a  paper  "  On  a  variety  of  Planiago 
coronopus  from  Charmouth."  It  is  a  remarkable  variety,  and 
met  with  in  the  south  of  France  and  Italy,  where  I  have  myself 
seen  it.  It  has  been  segregated  by  the  Portuguese  botanists  and 
made  a  new  species  of,  which  Mr.  Baker  refuses  to  admit,  a 
conclusion  at  which  I  had  before  arrived. 

LIPOPTENA  CERVI. 

By  a  mere  chance  I  took  an  extremely  rare  fly  in  the  summer  of 
last  year.  Curtis  gives  it  a  place  in  his  great  work  on  British 
Entomology,  where  it  appears  under  the  name  of  Hcvmolora 
pallipes.  The  British  Museum  collections  possessed  only  one 
solitary  specimen,  taken  from  a  red  deer  in  Germany  more  than 
100  years  ago.  There  is  a  paper  on  this  fly  in  the  "  Deutsche 
Entomologische  Zeitschrift,"  vol.  xxi.,  p.  297,  by  Stein,  who  says 
that  the  winged  males  are  met  with  in  Midsummer  up  to  the 
autumn  in  woods  inhabited  by  the  roe  and  the  red  deer,  and  that 
the  females  which  have  lost  their  wings  are  found  in  the  same 
season  among  the  hair  of  those  animals.  He  quotes  another 


Ix. 

dipterologist  who  found  a  considerable  number  of  these  flies  flying 
round  the  dead  body  of  a  roe  and  creeping  into  its  coat.  He 
caught  a  series  of  them,  which  proved  to  be  males  and  females. 
The  latter  had  cast  off  their  wings  in  dying.  In  my  experience 
both  sexes  retain  their  wings  until  they  have  taken  possession  of 
their  host,  and  these  are  brushed  off  when  creeping  among  the  fur. 
When  I  was  tracing  the  distribution  of  the  forest  fly,  Hippolosca 
equina  (which  was  said  by  a  correspondent  of  the  Field  to  be 
restricted  to  the  Hampshire  basin,  but  which  had  to  my  knowledge  a 
much  wider  distribution),  I  took  from  my  horse  a  fly  allied  to  the 
forest-fly,  but  wingless.  The  next  day  I  captured  several 
more  from  among  the  hazel-bushes  of  the  same  wood,  and 
several  afterwards  flying  about  in  the  rides,  but  could  keep 
none  of  these  incarnations  of  liberty  alive  more  than  a  few 
days.  I  gave  the  next  batch  a  daily  meal  on  one  of  my  horses, 
which  quite  succeeded,  and  before  the  end  of  October  I  found 
I  had  about  100  pupse,  which  I  kept  in  the  skin  of  a  deer. 
At  first  the  pupae  were  soft  and  of  a  pale  colour.  The  head,  which 
was  broad  and  flat,  was  furnished  with  two  widely-distant  eyes. 
About  the  seventh  day  they  cast  their  first  case  and  became 
invested  in  a  horny  boat-shaped  case  of  a  dark  brown  colour, 
open  at  one  end,  and  disclosing  the  head.  The  sides  were  keeled, 
the  upper  surface  had  three  prominent  ridges,  a  characteristic 
feature  of  the  adult  fly.  After  an  interval  of  a  fortnight  another 
moult  took  place,  when  the  three  ridges  were  replaced  by  six. 
The  pupae  remained  quiescent  until  August,  when  they  again 
began  moulting.  After  every  effort  I  was  unable  to  procure  their 
development  into  the  imago  state,  which  I  attribute  to  insufficient 
food,  supposing  that,  like  the  chrysalis,  they  did  not  require  to 
be  fed.  The  complete  history  of  the  fly  must  remain  unrecorded  at 
present.  I  hope  to  be  more  successful  with  those  I  have  now  under 
treatment.  Although  the  pupae  are  enclosed  in  a  rigid  horny 
case,  and  have  no  outer  limbs  or  apparent  means  of  locomotion, 
they  have  the  power  of  moving  freely  to  all  parts  of  the  vessel  in 
which  they  are  confined. 


PRESIDENT'S  ADDRESS.  Ixi. 

GEOLOGY. 
A  FOSSIL  CYCAD. 

Mr.  A.  M.  Wallis,  one  of  our  honorary  members,  called  my 
attention  last  year  to  a  cycad  he  had  recently  found  in  the  Lower 
Purbeck  beds  of  Portland  considerably  higher  up  than  the  Dirt 
beds.  I  saw  that  it  differed  from  the  forms  usually  found 
in  the  island,  and  retained  the  character  of  the  family 
Cycoidea  in  its  net-work  of  persistent  petiole  bases,  but  instead 
of  being  dwarfed,  like  C.  megalopliylla  and  G.  microphylla,  it 
was  more  than  three  feet  high,  measuring  three  feet  seven 
inches  in  the  girth.  A  striking  feature  of  this  cycad  is  the 
conical  bud  enclosed  by  tapered  bud-scales.  The  surface  of  the 
stem  presents  the  appearance  of  a  prominent  reticulum  of  pro- 
jecting ridges,  of  which  the  meshes  were  originally  occupied  by 
the  persistent  bases.  The  substance  of  the  leaf-stalks  has  for  the 
most  part  disappeared,  and  there  is  no  trace  of  any  inflorescence. 
Though  there  is  no  instance  of  the  occurrence  of  Cycaclete  in  the 
Paleozoic  beds  they  are  abundant  in  the  secondary,  and  so  well 
preserved  are  they  that  they  can  be  determined  without  any 
difficulty.  Although  they  have  not  yet  been  found  in  the  beds  of 
the  Tertiary  age  there  is  no  doubt  that  they  are  not  absent,  as 
cycads  are  now  living  in  the  tropics.  In  1828  Brongniart 
established  a  genus  of  fossil  cycads,  to  which  he  gave  the  name  of 
Mantellia,  and  in  the  same  year  Dr.  Mantell  described  two  species 
from  the  Isle  of  Portland,  one  of  them  being  the  same  as  the  English 
species  of  Brongniart.  The  trunk  of  the  cycad  has  no  true  bark. 
Its  outer  covering  is  composed  of  persistent  scales,  which  formed  the 
bases  of  the  fallen  leaves,  making  a  compact  envelope,  supplying 
the  place  of  bark.  No  leaves  are  found  in  connection  with  the  tree. 
This  may  be  owing  to  the  forest  having  been  gradually  submerged, 
and  as  the  leaves  decayed  they  were  swept  away  by  the  tides, 

ICHTHYOSAURUS  AND  PLESIOSAURUS. 

It  is  not  a  long  time  since  the  skeleton  of  an  Ichthyosaurus 
was  found  in  the  Lias  of  Wurtemberg  with  the  outline  of  the 


.   Ixii.  PRESIDENT'S  ADDRESS. 

fleshy  parts  preserved.  The  tail-fin  is  shown  to  be  very  large, 
resembling  that  of  the  shark,  only  wider.  In  the  early  days  of 
palaeontology  Sir  Richard  Owen,  with  his  rare  inductive  genius, 
predicted  that  the  tail  had  a  considerable  power  in  compensation 
for  the  diminutive  hind  limbs  of  "the  Ichthyosaurus,  requiring  an 
auxiliary  power  for  progression  through  the  sea.  Physiologists 
are  modifying  their  views  \\i\\\  regard  to  the  supposed  flexibility 
of  the  neck  of  the  Plesiosaurus.  It  is  now  contended  that  it  was 
comparatively  rigid,  but  possessed  of  considerable  freedom,  both 
vertical  and  lateral,  at  its  juncture  with  the  trunk,  giving  the 
animal  greater  facility  for  Hatching  its  prey  in  compensation  for 
its  small  head  and  feeble  jaws.  Plesiosaurus  macroceplialus  and 
P.  brachycephalus,  which  had  short  necks,  were  furnished 
with  large  heads  and  powerful  jaws.  It  was  supposed  to  frequent 
the  shallow  parts  of  the  sea,  and  to  lurk  among  the  sea-weeds. 
The  occipital  condyle  which  attached  the  head  to  the  neck  was  not 
bent  downwards  as  that  of  the  swan  or  the  horse,  but  in  a 
straight  line  with  the  axis  of  the  vertebral  column,  the  cervical 
vertebra)  gradually  increasing  in  size  from  the  head  downwards. 
Those  near  the  distal  end  have  high  and  clasping  apophyses, 
causing  a  considerable  degree  of  inflexibility.  The  powerful  hind 
limbs  and  size  of  the  pelvic  girdle  are  in  striking  contrast  to  the 
corresponding  elements  of  the  Idliyosaurus,  which  are,  as  has 
been  said  above,  small  and  slender. 

Mr.  A.  Strahan,  F.G.S.,  has  shown  in  a  paper  read  before 
the  Geological  Society  this  year  that  there  have  been  at  two 
distinct  periods,  disturbances  on  the  south  coast  of  Dorset. 
The  earlier  movements  took  place  before  the  deposition  of  the 
Upper,  but  after  that  of  the  Lower  Cretaceous  rocks,  and  gave 
rise  to  the  anticlinal  of  Chaldon  in  part,  of  Osmington, 
and  Bioadwey,  with  their  relative  synclinals  of  Upton  and 
Upwey,  and,  further  west,  the  large  faults  at  Abbotsbury  and  at 
Chilcombe  belong  to  this  period.  The  later  or  Tertiary  group, 
includes  the  Isle  of  Puibeck  fold,  .the  Ringstead  fold,  the  Ridge  way 
and  Chaldon  disturbances,  and  the  Litton  Cheney  fault.  The  Isle 


PRESIDENT'S  ADDRESS.  Jxiii. 

of  Purbeck  fault  and  Chaldon  fault  commence  east  of  the  Isle  of 
Wight  and  end  at  Wey mouth  Bay.  The  curving  dip  of  the  strata 
at  Ballard  Cliff,  near  Svvanage,  becomes  vertical  under  the  fault, 
which  cuts  across  the  edges  of  the  vertical  strata  beneath.  The 
great  Ridgeway  fault  and  fold  show  evidence  of  displacement,  for 
several  horizons  of  the  chalk  come  into  contact  with  the  Purbeck 
rocks.  At  Sutton  Poyntz  the  cretaceous  beds  are  interrupted  by 
a  curving  fracture,  which  cuts  through  the  Greensand,  and  the  Lower 
and  Middle  Chalk.  Throughout  the  length  of  this  disturbance 
the  Upper  Cretaceous  rocks  dip  at  a  steep  angle  of  from  60°  to 
80°.  In  the  well-known  Eidgeway  cutting  the  Oxford  clay  is 
seen  in  an  unexpected  position.  The  Portland,  Purbeck,  and 
Wealden  beds  occur  in  their  proper  sequence,  but  between 
the  Wealden  and  Chalk  rises  a  ridge  or  dyke  of  clay 
containing  numerous  Oxford  Clay  fossils  and  some  blocks 
of  Cornbrash.  The  dyke  is  30  or  40  yards  wide.  The 
explanation  hitherto  given  of  the  Oxford  Clay  at  Ridgeway 
depended  on  the  existence  of  two  systems  of  disturbance.  It 
was  necessary  to  suppose  that  a  fault  with  a  downthrow  north 
belonging  to  the  later  system  of  disturbances  had  been  superimposed 
upon  a  fault  with  a  downthrow  south  and  of  pre-cretaceous  age,  and 
that  the  earlier  fault  had  not  only  been  of  enormous  magnitude,  but 
that  it  had  followed  an  almost  impossibly  crooked  course.  The 
alternative  explanation  given  is  that  the  faults  are  of  post-cretaceous 
age,  but  are  over-thrusts,  not  normal  displacements.  Then  the 
Oxford  Clay  has  not  been  faulted  against  Wealden,  but  thrust 
southwards  over  it,  and  similarly  the  Forest  Marble,  <fec.,  of 
Bincombe  has  been  thrust  southwards  over  the  Kimmeridge  Clay. 

There  is  a  paragraph  in  Hutchins'  "  History  of  Dorset "  under 
the  head  of  Swyre,  saying  that  there  is  a  quarry  in  which  has  been 
found  the  "  Lapis  Judaicus,  Jew-stone,  a  stone  exactly  resembling 
half  a  peasecod,  of  a  faint  green  colour,  the  place  where  the 
fracture  may  have  been  is  smooth  as  if  smoothed  by  art."  It  is 
nothing  more  or  less  than  a  fossil.  Instead,  therefore,  of  its  being 
a  Jew-stone,  it  is  a  Jaw-stone,  and  can  be  identified  as  the 


Ixiv.  PRESIDENT'S  ADDRESS.  ' 

palatal  tooth  of  Stropliodus  magnus,  belonging  to  the  family 
Cestraciontidce,  a  shark  furnished  with  powerful  crushing  teeth ; 
the  species  is  founded  upon  detached  teeth,  not  yet  correlated  with 
dorsal  fin-spines.  It  has  been  suggested  that  the  spines  known 
under  the  name  of  Asteracantlms  belong  to  this  shark,  but 
absolute  proof  is  as  yet  wanting.  The  teeth  of  Stropliodus  are 
quadrate  and  elongate,  the  extremities  slanting  downwards,  and 
often  slightly  curved.  Isolated  teeth  are  not  unfrequently  met  vvith 
in  the  Oolites  (reticulatus,  magnus  subreticulatus,  Ag.)  A  complete 
inferior  jaw  with  four  rows  of  teeth  is  described  by  the  late  Sir 
Richard  Owen  (Geol.  Mag.  1869)  from  the  Great  Oolite  of  Caen, 
Normandy.  Mr.  G.  M.  Hansel  has  several  of  these  palatal  teeth 
from  the  Forest  Marble  of  the  neighbouring  parish  of  Puncknowle. 
I  have  been  unable  to  find  in  works  of  Mineralogy  any  notice  of 
Lapis  Judaicus,  which  Hutchins  so  graphically  describes. 
Stropliodus  has  an  extensive  vertical  range  from  the  Permian  to  the 
Chalk  inclusive.  The  Oxford  and  Kimmeridge  Clays  yield  the 
well-marked  form,  S.  reticulatus.  The  Cretaceous  series  contains 
the  last  traces  of  the  genus  as  far  as  is  as  now  known,  one  from  the 
Greensand  of  Maidstone,  the  other  from  the  Chalk. 

THE  RONTGEN   RAYS. 

Rontgen,  Professor  of  Physics  at  Wurtemburg  University, 
discovered  that  a  number  of  substances  which  are  opaque  to 
visible  rays  of  light  are  transparent  to  certain  waves,  capable  of 
affecting  a  photographic  plate,  and  that  the  new  actinic  rays  can 
pass  through  them.  Among  other  appliances  an  apparatus  has 
been  invented  consisting  of  a  black  cardboard  tube  enclosed  at 
one  end  with  a  disc  of  the  same  material,  coated  internally  with  a 
fluorescent  substance.  At  the  other  end  is  placed  a  lens,  and  the 
object  to  be  observed  is  viewed  through  a  Crookes'  tube.  The 
parts  not  influenced  by  the  Rontgen  rays  are  delineated  in 
shadow.  Already  the  discovery  has  been  successfully  applied 
in  medicine  and  surgery.  Numerous  surgical  cases  of  fractured 
bones  have  been  examined  with  satisfactory  results.  One 


PRESIDENT'S  ADDRESS.  Ixv. 

operator  has  seen  the  body  of  a  person  right  through,  and  a  dark 
streak  along  its  length  corresponding  with  the  spinal  cord,  the 
spine,  the  ribs  on  each  side  of  the  body,  the  sternum,  clavicle 
and  the  scapula.  In  another  instance  the  shadow  of  a  coin  was 
seen  in  the  gullet  of  a  patient.  A  coin  coated  with  phosphorescent 
sulphide  of  zinc  will  allow  the  rays  to  pass  through  it.  In  the 
British  Medical  Journal  of  April  a  plate  of  the  skeleton  of  an 
infant  three  months  old,  reproduced  from  a  photograph, 
demonstrating  the  visceral  region  of  the  body  by  means  of 
the  Rontgen  rays,  clearly  indicated  the  heart  and  lungs  ;  the 
ossified  parts  of  the  bones  were  definitely  shadowed,  but  not 
the  undeveloped  parts. 

NANSEN. 

Nansen's  expedition  to  the  North  Pole  in  1894,  from  which 
he  and  his  companions  have  just  returned  safe,  was  as  bold  an 
enterprise  as  possibly  can  be  imagined.  He  based  his  faith  and 
risked  his  life  on  the  accuracy  of  his  theory  of  ocean  currents 
in  the  North.  His  strongest  evidence  for  the  existence  of  a 
drift  across  the  centre  of  the  Polar  basin  was  the  discovery  of 
relics  on  the  ice  off  the  South  of  Greenland  from  the  American 
exploring  ship  Jeannette,  which  sank  off  the  New  Siberian 
Islands.  From  what  has  come  to  our  knowledge  of  Nansen's 
journey,  the  glimpses  of  the  scientific  results  obtained  by  him 
and  his  companions  indicate  conclusions  of  much  importance. 
The  Fram  succeeded  in  entering  the  current,  was  embedded  in  ice, 
and  drifted  in  the  direction  indicated.  Its  continuous  drift  for 
three  consecutive  years  was  a  triumph  for  meteorology  and 
oceanography.  The  ice  was  found  in  continuous  drift,  and  not 
covering  the  Polar  Sea,  as  was  supposed  to  be  the  case.  The 
greatest  discovery  is  a  wide  deep  sea  attaining  a  depth  of  as  much 
as  2,000  fathoms  towards  the  North  Pole,  having  a  relatively 
warm  temperature  in  its  lowest  depths.  This  sea  was  supposed 
to  be  a  shallow  basin  with  ice-cold  water  in  its  depths,  and  always 
covered  with  floating  ice.  The  depths  which  were  found  north 
of  Franz  Joseph  Land  and  Spitzbergen,  in  connection  with  the 


Ixvi.  PRESIDENT'S  ADDRESS. 

disappearance  of  animal  life,  as  also  the  structure  of  ice 
which  was  observed  by  Nansen  as  they  reached  the  highest 
latitudes,  lead  to  the  supposition  that  in  all  probability  the 
sea  round  the  North  Pole  is  a  deep  sea  covered  all  the  year 
round  with  a  packed  drifting  ice.  The  temperature  in  this 
circumpolar  ice-sea  to  a  depth  of  100  fathoms  was  found  every- 
where below  freezing  point;  but  below  100  fathoms  the  tempera- 
ture was  a  little  above  freezing  point,  and  as  far  as  can  be 
ascertained,  this  temperature  extends  to  the  bottom.  The 
discovery  of  a  deep  sea  containing  water  whose  temperature 
is  above  freezing  point  in  the  vicinity  of  the  North  Pole 
promises  to  explain  much  of  the  life  of  the  globe  differently  from 
what  has  been  hitherto  considered  as  the  right  explanation. 
Although  the  sounding  apparatus  of  the  Fram  was  far  from  being 
able  to  measure  depths  of  2,000  fathoms,  Nansen  originated 
means  for  doing  so.  He  made  a  sounding  apparatus  out  of  iron 
wire  taken  from  an  iron  cable.  As  far  as  can  be  judged  the  only 
way  in  which  warm  water  can  enter  the  North  Pole  basin  is  that 
it  should  come  from  the  current  of  warm  water,  which  the  North 
Pole  expedition  found  in  1878  off  the  western  coast  of  Spitzbergen. 
Thus  we  have  warm  water  from  the  warm  current  of  the  North 
Atlantic,  which  has  ice-cold  water  beneath  it.  This  warm  water, 
being  salt,  has  a  greater  density  when  it  cools  down,  and  the 
fresh  water  pours  into  the  North  Pole  basin  by  the  great 
rivers  of  Siberia  and  of  North  America.  That  the  temperature 
does  not  sink  below  freezing  point  is  one  of  the  most  wonderful 
phenomena  which  the  expedition  could  have  discovered  for  both 
the  meteorologist  and  the  hydrographist.  The  sledge  journey  of 
Nansen  and  Johansen  has  ascertained  that  between  Franz  Joseph 
Land  and  latitude  86°  14'  there  is  a  sea  mostly  covered  with 
ice,  but  no  land.  Of  the  geographical  results  there  is  the  discovery 
of  a  new  island  in  the  northern  part  of  the  Kara  Sea  and  several 
new  islands  off  the  coast  of  Siberia,  which  bears  testimony  to 
its  having  been  under  an  ice-sheet.  Doubtless  a  biologist,  such  as 
Nansen,  had  many  opportunities  for  making  observations  which  are 


PRESIDENT'S  ADDRESS.  Ixvii. 

sure  to  throw  light  upon  the  conditions  of  organic  life  in  the  polar 
seas  and  the  polar  regions.  It  is  remarkable  that  all  the  members 
of  the  expedition  kept  well  and  fit  for  work  during  the  whole 
of  the  duration  of  the  expedition. 

The  great  summary  of  the  Challenger  Expedition  by  Dr. 
Murray  was  published  last  year,  enriched  with  notes  of  his  own 
journal,  based  on  the  log  and  the  official  reports.  It  deals  with 
the  history  of  oceanography.  It  may  be  as  well  to  make  an 
extract  dealing  with  his  speculative  views  on  the  influence  of 
climate  in  the  distribution  of  life.  Beginning  with  the  strong 
resemblance  between  the  north  and  south  polar  marine  faunas, 
and  the  general  absence  of  similar  forms  in  the  intervening  belt 
the  author  says,  "In  early  mesozoic  times  cooling  at  the  Poles 
and  differentiation  into  zones  of  climate  appear  to  have  commenced, 
and  temperature  conditions  did  not  afterwards  admit  of  coral  reefs 
in  the  Polar  area.  But  the  colder  and  hence  denser  water, 
descending  to  the  greater  depths  of  the  ocean,  carried  with  it  a  large 
supply  of  oxygen,  and  life  in  the  deep  seas  became  possible  for  the 
first  time.  There  have  been  many  speculations  as  to  how  a  nearly 
uniform  temperature  could  have  been  brought  about  in  sea-water 
over  the  whole  surface  of  the  earth  in  early  geological  ages,  as  well 
as  to  how  sufficient  light  could  have  been  present  at  the  Poles  to 
permit  of  the  luxuriant  vegetation  that  once  flourished  in  those 
regions.  The  explanation  which  appeared  to  be  the  most  satis- 
factory to  Dr.  Murray  was  that  which  attributes  these  conditions 
to  the  greater  size  of  the  sun  in  the  early  stages  of  the  earth's 
history,  together  with  the  greater  amount  of  aqueous  vapour  in  the 
atmosphere."  He  proceeds — "  The  pelagic  algae,  radiolaria,  and 
foraminifera  are  probably  but  slightly  modified  descendants  of  a 
very  ancient,  universal  pelagic  fauna  and  flora.  Life  in  its 
simplest  form  most  likely  appeared  in  pre-Cambrian  times  in 
the  detrital  matters  laid  down  about  the  mud-line  (which  Dr. 
Murray  limits  to  100  fathoms,  and  considers  to  indicate  usually 
the  edge  of  the  oceanic  continental  slope),  when  the  land  surfaces 
were  more  extensive  than  they  are  at  present. 


Ixviii.  PRESIDENT'S  ADDRESS. 

HISTORY. 

A  flood  of  light  has  been  thrown  upon  Oriental  history  since 
my  anniversary  address  in  1892,  when  I  passed  it  under  review, 
especially  with  regard  to  that  of  the  Babylonian,  Egyptian,  and 
Ilittite.  The  discovery  of  Tel-el -Amarna  has  revolutionised  our  ideas 
of  ancient  Oriental  life.  Tel-el-Amarna  is  a  long  line  of  mounds 
which  extend  along  the  eastern  bank  of  the  Nile,  about  mid-way 
between  the  towns  of  Minieh  and  Assiout.  They  mark  the  site 
of  a  city  which  for  a  short  time  played  an  important  part  in 
Egyptian  history.  The  Pharaoh  Amenophis  III.,  of  the  eighteenth 
dynasty,  owing  to  internal  disasters,  retired  from  Thebes  and 
built  a  new  capital  at  Tel-el-Amarna,  and  carried  with  him  the 
official  correspondence  received  by  his  father  and  himself.  The 
letters  were  all  written  upon  clay  in  the  cuneiform  characters  of 
Babylonia.  The  excavations  of  Dr.  Flinders  Petrie  show  how 
many  Babylonian  torms  had  made  their  way  into  the  language 
of  Egypt.  Amenophis,  who  changed  his  name  to  Khu-en-Aten, 
reigned  about  150  years  before  the  Pharaoh  of  the  Exodus. 
The  tablets  of  Tel-el-Amarna  reveal  to  us  that  the  population  of 
Western  Asia  in  the  age  of  Moses  was  as  highly  cultivated 
and  literary  as  those  of  Western  Europe  in  the  age  of  the 
Renaissance.  They  go  as  far  back  as  Sargon  of  Accad,  and  prove 
that  Ur,  the  city  of  Babylonia,  and  Haran  far  away  to  the  North, 
in  Mesopotamia,  were  connected  from  a  very  remote  period  with 
each  other ;  both  had  temples  dedicated  to  the  Moon-god.  A 
native,  therefore,  of  Ur,  would  find  himself  perfectly  at  home  at 
Haran.  The  tablets  of  Tel-el-Amarna  fix  the  age  to  which 
Abraham  belongs.  Arioch  has  left  monuments  of  himself  in  the 
bricks  of  Chaldea.  Mr.  Pinches  has  recently  discovered  a 
cuneiform  tablet  on  which  mention  is  made  not  only  of  Chedor- 
laomer,  but  also  of  his  confederate  Tidal  (see  Gen.  xiv.)  The 
name  Shinar,  the  king  of  Admah,  one  of  the  Babylonian  kings, 
who  opposed  them,  finds  its  confirmation  in  a  cuneiform  inscrip- 
tion. The  early  history  of  Jerusalem  before  the  Israelitish 
conquest  was  unknown.  The  story  of  Melchizedek,  the  priest- 


- 


PRESIDENT'S  ADDBESS.  Ixix. 

king,  stood  alone  unsupported  by  any  fragment  of  antiquity  that 
had  come  down  to  us,  and  accordingly  it  was  counted  to  be 
unhistorical.  The  mention  of  the  kings  of  the  Hittites  in  the 
account  of  the  Siege  of  Samaria  by  the  Syrians  (IT.  Kings, 
vii.,  6)  was  declared  to  be  an  error ;  now  it  is  shown  that  it  was 
the  ignorance  of  the  critic  himself  that  was  at  fault.  The  early 
traditions  of  Greece  had  also  been  made  the  subject  of 
destructive  criticism  until  Dr.  Schliemann  brought  to  light  the 
buried  empire  of  Agamemnon,  its  intercourse  with  the  Egyptians, 
the  Phoenicians  of  Canaan,  and  the  Hittites  of  Asia  Minor.  The 
discoveries  of  Petrie  in  the  Fayum  and  at  Tel-el-Amarna  have 
settled  the  date  of  the  remains  found  at  Mycenae  and  Tiryns 
by  showing  that  the  pottery  which  characterises  them  belongs 
to  the  age  of  the  18th  and  19th  dynasties,  of  which  the  most 
famous  monarchs  were  Thothmes  III.,  who  reigned  from  1503 
B.C.  to  1449  B.C.,  and  Ramses  II.  from  1348  B.C.  to  1281 
B.C.  The  tablets  show  that  the  Babylonian  language  was  known 
to  the  people  of  Canaan,  and  when  Abraham  entered  that  country 
the  inhabitants  were  familiar  with  the  literature,  history,  and 
tradition  of  his  native  country,  and  in  his  days  the  king  claimed 
to  rule  over  Canaan.  We  have  seen  that  Chedorlaomer,  king  of 
Elam  and  lord  of  the  kings  of  Babylonia,  marched  to  punish  his 
rebellious  subjects  in  Canaan.  The  Patriarch  had  not,  therefore, 
escaped  beyond  Babylonian  control.  It  is  well  to  dwell  upon  this 
fact,  as  it  has  only  recently  dawned  upon  us,  and  is  one  of  the 
many  gains  that  the  decipherments  of  the  cuneiform  inscriptions 
have  brought  in  support  of  the  Bible.  It  is  found  that  Abraham 
did  not  migrate  into  an  unknown  region  among  a  people  of  a 
different  civilisation.  The  spot  on  which  the  sacrifice  of  Abraham 
was  offered  had  been  the  seat  of  a  kingdom  in  the  old  Canaanitish 
days.  The  king  was  the  priest  of  the  god  who  was  worshipped 
there.  The  list  of  Palestinian  cities  conquered  by  Thothmes  III. 
and  recorded  by  the  Egyptian  monarch  on  the  walls  of  Karnac 
contains  an  indication  of  the  sanctity  of  the  spot.  We  know  from 
the  tablets  of  Tel-el-Amarna  that  Jerusalem  was  an  important 


Ixx.  PRESIDENT'S  ADDRESS. 

city,  and  that  it  had  submitted  to  the  Pharaoh.  The  picture  of 
Canaan  shown  by  the  Tel-el-Amarna  tablets  has  been  sup- 
plemented by  the  excavations  of  Prof.  Flinders  Petrie,  which 
have  resulted  in  the  discoveries  of  successive  cities,  built  one  upon 
the  ruins  of  the  other,  and  it  is  probable  that  the  lowest  stratum  was 
the  Lachish  of  the  Amorite  period,  and  the  pottery  reveals  for  the 
first  time  the  characteristics  of  Amorite  manufacture.  Its  huge 
walls  were  29  feet  high,  which  bears  out  the  testimony  of  the 
Israelitish  spies.  Here  Prof.  Petrie  found  a  regular  series  of 
pottery,  and  to  him  belongs  the  credit  of  determining  the 
characteristics  of  the  various  strata  and  fixing  their  approximate 
age.  In  the  cuneiform  letters  of  Tel-el-Amarna,  Ebed  Tob,  the 
native  king  of  Jerusalem  and  vassal  of  Pharaoh,  made  urgent 
appeals  for  help,  which  could  not  be  afforded  him,  as  his  suzerain 
was  himself  in  difficulties,  and  subsequently  Ebed  Tob,  along  with 
his  capital,  was  captured.  It  was  this  event  which  made 
Jerusalem  a  Jebusite  city.  Ebed  Tob  held  a  position  which  was 
unlike  any  other  Egyptian  governor  in  Canaan.  He  had  been 
confirmed  in  his  post,  not  by  the  Pharaoh,  but  by  the  oracle  and 
power  of  the  God  whose  sanctuary  stood  on  the  summit  of 
Mount  Moriah.  It  was  not  from  his  father  or  from  his  mother 
that  he  inherited  this  dignity.  He  was  king  of  Jerusalem  because 
he  was  the  priest  of  his  god.  In  one  of  his  letters  to  Pharaoh  he 
says  "  Behold,  neither  my  father  nor  my  mother  have  exalted  me 
to  this  place,  but  the  arm  of  the  mighty  king  established  me  in 
the  house  of  my  father."  The  "  Mighty  King"  is  distinguished 
from  the  king  of  Egypt.  The  etymology  of  Jerusalem  shows 
that  it  was  a  sacred  city  from  the  beginning,  and  we  can  under- 
stand why  Abraham  paid  tithes  to  its  priestly  ruler  out  of  the 
spoils  of  war.  Does  it  not  follow  that  the  history  of  Melcliizedek 
and  his  reception  of  Abraham  may  have  been  derived  from  a 
cuneiform  record  of  the  age  to  which  it  refers,  and  does  not  its 
occurrence  with  what  we  now  know  to  have  been  an  historical  fact 
make  it  probable  that  such  was  the  case  1  When  Abraham 
migrated  to  Palestine,  the  Canaanites  inhabited  the  lowlands,  and 


PRESIDENT'S  ADDRESS.  Ixxi. 

the  Ammonites  and  Hittites  the  highlands.  Before  many  genera- 
tions had  passed,  Moab  and  Ammon,  the  children  of  his  nephew, 
took  the  eastern  tableland,  while  Edom  settled  in  Mount  Seir. 
Before  the  patriarchal  age  came  to  an  end,  Egyptian,  Babylonian, 
and  Hittite  mingled  with  the  earlier  races.  It  may  turn  out  that  an 
earlier  stratum  of  literature  than  was  supposed  in  its  origin  is 
partly  Babylonian,  partly  Aramaic,  partly  Edomite,  and  partly 
Canaanitish,  and  which  may  be  proved  to  be  the  true  source  of 
the  Book  of  Genesis.  The  question,  both  of  age  and  authenticity, 
will  be  required  to  be  decided  upon  evidence  which  the  archae- 
ologist alone  can  s  apply,  and  if  he  can  show  that  it  has  the 
elements  of  which  the  Biblical  history  is  composed,  the  historian 
has  secured  all  that  he  requires,  and  the  Book  of  Genesis  will  take 
rank  by  the  side  of  other  monuments  of  the  past  as  a  record  of 
events  which  have  actually  happened  and  been  handed  down  by 
credible  men.  It  will  cease  to  be  mutilated  and  fitted  together 
again  according  to  the  dictates  of  modern  philology,  and  will 
become  a  collection  of  ancient  documents  which  have  all  the  value 
of  contemporaneous  testimony.  Oriental  discovery  in  many 
instances  shows  that  such  documents  actually  exist  in  it,  and  that 
the  statements  they  contain  are  as  worthy  of  belief  as  the  in- 
scriptions of  Babylonia  or  Egypt.  Soon  after  came  the  fall  of 
Khu-en  Aten,  which  happened  within  150  years  before  the  reign 
of  the  Pharaoh  of  the  Exodus,  the  date  of  which  has  at  last  been 
settled  by  Egyptological  records.  There  is  now  only  one  period  in 
Egyptian  history  when  it  could  have  taken  place,  and  the  history 
of  the  period  taken  from  native  monuments  is  in  striking  harmony 
with  the  requirements  of  the  Scriptural  narrative.  In  the 
Egyptian  texts  Pharaoh  of  the  oppression  and  Pharaoh  of  the 
Exodus  are  found.  The  Tel-el-Amarna  tablets  have  thrown  a 
flood  of  light.  The  death  of  Khu-en-Aten  and  the  destruction  of 
the  capital  led  to  the  extinction  of  the  18th  dynasty  and  the  rise  of 
the  19th  dynasty.  Ramses  II.,  son  of  Seti  L,  was  the 
Pharaoh  of  the  oppression,  the  builder  of  Pithom  and  of 
Ramses,  and  the  father  of  Meneptah  II.,  who  was  probably 


Ixxii.  PRESIDENT'S  ADDRESS. 

the  Pharaoh  of  the  Exodus.  The  conclusion  is  supported  by 
other  evidence,  and  the  Tel-el-Amarna  monuments  have  made  it 
clear,  that  the  new  king,  who  knew  not  Joseph,  was  a  Pharaoh  of 
the  19th  dynasty,  also  that  Canaan  was  not  yet  Israelite 
in  the  time  of  Ramses  II.,  whose  death  had  been  fixed  by  Dr. 
Maiden  upon  astronomical  grounds  in  1283  B.C.  Meneptah's 
successor  was  Seti  II.  The  excavations  and  researches  of  recent 
years  have  at  last  begun  to  throw  light  on  the  route  followed  by 
the  Israelites  on  their  departure  out  of  Egypt.  The  geography  of 
the  Delta  in  the  age  of  Moses  has  been  recovered,  and  the  march 
of  the  Israelites  and  their  flight  from  Egypt  are  beginning  to  be 
traced.  Many  points  still  remain  doubtful,  but  much  has  been 
cleared  up,  and  the  main  outline  of  the  ancient  map  of  the  Delta 
can  now  be  filled  up.  Though  the  monuments  of  Egypt  and 
Assyria  throw  no  direct  light  upon  the  history  of  the  Israelites  at 
Kadesh,  or  their  conquest  of  Palestine,  nevertheless  from  time  to 
time  Scriptural  narrative  is  corroborated  by  the  monuments  of 
antiquity.  It  was  because  Palestine  ceased  to  be  an  Egyptian 
province  that  the  Hebrews  were  enabled  under  the  guidance  of 
the  God  of  Abraham  to  make  for  themselves  a  new  home  in 
the  land  of  Canaan. 


<S)n  the 

Inqmsitiones   ftost    JKortem   for 
from  lenrj)  III.  to  jUdiarb 
(12164485). 


By  EDWARD  ALEXANDER  FRY. 


'T  may  be  useful  to  those  who  have  not  had  much 
experience  in  early  genealogical  hisiory  to  state 
briefly  *  what  inquisitiones  post  mortem  were 
and  wherein  lies  their  usefulness  to  us  in  these 
latter  days. 

Inquisitiones  post  mortem  were  one  of  the 
most  distinctive  features  of  the  feudal  system  in 
England  ;  they  were  introduced  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  III.,  about  1216,  and  continuing  to  be 
held  throughout  the  course  of  nearly  450  years 
were  only  formally  abolished  on  the  accession  of  Charles  II.  to  the 
throne,  though  they  had  practically  ceased  to  be  taken  after  1640. 

*  Much  fuller  accounts  will  be  found  in  the  introduction  to  the 
abstracts  of  inquisitiones  published  in  "  Dorset  Records  "  and  in  various 
genealogical  handbooks,  as,  for  instance,  Sim's  "Manual,"  p.  123;  Rye's 
"  Records  and  Record  Searching,"  p.  85  ;  Phillimore's  "  How  to  trace  the 
History  of  a  family,"  p.  130;  and  particularly  the  introduction  to  the 
"  Calendarium  Genealogicum "  by  Roberts,  and  Mr.  Scargill-Bird's 
"  Guide  to  the  Public  Records,"  p.  141. 


2  INQUISITIONES   POST   MORTEM    FOR   DORSET. 

When  a  person,  whether  male  or  female,  died  seized  of  lands  in 
capite,  that  is  holding  them  from  the  Crown,  a  writ  was  issued  to 
the  escheator  of  the  county  directing  that  an  inquisition  should  be 
held  in  order  to  ascertain  of  what  lands  he  died  seized,  of  whom 
and  by  what  services  the  same  were  held,  when  he  died,  and  who 
was  his  next  heir.  If  the  heir  happened  to  be  a  minor  the  lands 
descending  to  him  were  held  in  ward  by  the  Crown  till  he  came  of 
age.  The  wardship  was  generally  a  very  lucrative  business,  because 
the  rents  and  profits  of  the  estate  went  to  the  person  having  charge 
of  the  heir  till  his  coming  of  age,  so  that  wardships  were  frequently 
bought  from  the  Crown  for  large  sums  of  money. 

On  the  heir  attaining  his  majority  he  had  to  sue  out  his 
"  ousterlemain  ;"  in  other  words  he  had  to  obtain  delivery  from  the 
Crown  of  the  lands  for  which  he  was  in  ward  after  first  proving 
to  the  Court's  satisfaction  that  he  was  of  age. 

As  may  be  expected  payments  of  a  very  exacting  nature  were 
extorted  on  all  these  occasions  of  death,  proof  of  age,  and  delivery 
of  lands. 

It  will  be  seen,  therefore,  from  the  above  brief  outline,  that 
Inquisitiones  post  mortem  are  very  useful  to  genealogists  of  the 
present  day,  because  in  them  are  recorded  the  most  minute 
particulars  of  the  deceased's  landed  property  ;  names  of  manors  long 
since  passed  out  of  existence,  field  names,  names  of  tenants,  &c., 
&c.,  are  often  given,  likewise  many  interesting  details  as  to  the 
services  by  which  the  property  was  held.  The  date  of  the 
deceased's  death,  the  heir's  name,  relationship,  and  age  at  time  of 
his  predecessor's  death  are  all  stated  on  the  oath  of  twelve  men 
appointed  as  a  jury. 

Proceeding  now  to  a  few  particulars  respecting  the  Calendar  of 
Inquisitiones  post  mortem  for  Dorset,  it  should  be  remarked  that 
in  1806  it  was  ordered  by  Parliament  that  a  calendar  be  printed 
of  the  inquisitiones  then  kept  in  the  Tower  of  London,  but  since 
that  date  deposited  in  the  Public  Kecord  Office.  The  outcome  of 
this  order  was  that  between  1806  and  1828  four  large  folio  volumes 
were  issued  under  the  direction  of  the  Commissioners  of  Public 


INQUISITIONES   POST    MORTEM    FOR    DORSET.  3 

Records,  covering  the  period  between  the  reigns  of  Henry  III.  and 
Richard  III.,  which  volumes  may  be  consulted  in  most  of  the 
public  libraries  in  the  Kingdom. 

These  four  volumes  give  the  names  of  the  people  on  whose 
properties  the  inquisitiones  were  held  and  thft  names  of  the 
manors,  &c.,  and  the  counties  in  which  they  are  situated,  but 
fail  to  give  any  further  information. 

As  a  partial  remedy  for  these  omissions  there  appeared  in  1865 
two  volumes  entitled  "  Calendarium  Genealogicum,"  by  Mr.  Charles 
Roberts,  which,  for  the  reigns  of  Henry  III.  and  Edward  1.,  gives 
short  abstracts  of  the  inquisitiones,  stating  the  heir  and  his  age  at 
the  taking  of  the  inquisition  and  many  other  particulars  omitted  in 
the  calendars  published  by  the  Commissioners. 

It  was  a  great  pity  the  "  Calendarium  Genealogicum  "  was  not 
carried  out  for  the  whole  of  the  period  covered  by  the  official 
calendar,  for  by  combining  the  two  one  might  have  arrived  at  the 
pith  of  all  the  inquisitiones  down  to  Richard  III.,  whereas  now 
recourse  has  to  be  made  to  the  documents  themselves  for  any 
inquisition  that  occurs  after  Edward  I. 

The  calendar  of  Dorset  inquisitiones  here  given  is  a  compilation 
of  all  that  relate  to  this  county  from  these  two  sets  of  books,  with 
such  corrections  and  additions  as  appear  in  the  copy  kept  at  the 
Public  Record  Office,  thus  rendering  it  more  reliable.  The  figures 
in  brackets  refer  to  the  pages  of  the  "  Calendarium  Genealogicum," 
which,  it  will  be  remembered,  refers  to  the  reigns  of  Henry  III. 
and  Edward  I.  only. 

What  the  compiler  would  like  to  see  carried  out  by  degrees, 
is,  that  full  abstracts  in  English  of  these  valuable  documents 
should  be  made  as  far  as  Dorset  is  concerned,  when  many  an 
obscure  point  in  mediaeval  genealogies  would  be  cleared  up  and  set 
completely  at  rest.  With  a  little  combination  by  people  interested 
in  these  subjects,  or  even  by  a  small  sum  devoted  to  it  year  by 
year  by  this  society,  this  desirable  object  could  in  course  of  time 
be  effected,  and  thus  place  Dorset  foremost  among  the  counties 
having  materials  for  a  history  of  its  early  times, 


INQUIS1TIONES   POST    MORTEM    FOR   DORSET. 

In  conclusion  it  may  be  added  that  the  succeeding  portion  of 
the  calendar,  namely,  from  Henry  VII.  to  Charles  I.,  including  all 
the  Inquisitiones  for  Dorset  in  the  Chancery,  Exchequer,  and 
Court  of  Wards  and  Liveries  series,  is  quite  ready  for  the  press, 
and,  if  thought  desirable,  may  form  the  subject  of  a  paper  in  a 
future  volume  of  this  society's  transactions. 

EDW.  ALEX.  FRY. 


INQUISITIONES  POST  MORTKM  FOR  DORSET.  5 

CALENDAR    OF    INQUISITIONES    POST    MORTEM    FOR    DORSET 
FROM  HENRY  III.  TO  RICHARD  III.  (1216-HS5). 

This  calendar  is  not  confined  to  inquisitiones  post  mortem  only ; 
there  are  also  inquisitiones  ad  quod  damnuni,  proofs  of  age, 
documents  dealing  with  the  properties  of  lunatics  and  idiots, 
fugitives  and  felons,  inquisitiones  taken  on  special  occasions,  as, 
for  instance,  to  ascertain  boundaries,  rights  to  hold  fairs,  markets, 
fisheries  and  ferries,  or  to  inquire  into  tithes,  common  of  pasture, 
and  free  warren. 

In  many  of  the  years  in  Edward  III.'s  reign  there  are  two 
series  of  numbers  to  the  inquisitiones,  the  second  of  which  are 
called  "  2nd  numbers."  They  are  identified  in  this  calendar  by 
an  asterisk  *,  and  when  applying  for  a  document  thus  marked 
care  should  always  be  taken  to  add  the  words  "  2nd  numbers." 

f App.— Hen.    III.,    97    (190).       Bedelleria    d'nico 

hundred.     Regis,  in  com.  Dors. 

f  24    Edw.  Ill,  53.*     Places  mentioned,  Fytelford, 

Maundevile   Heis  in    Mershwode,  and   terr'.  et 
ten.'  in  Fyhide  and  Brokhampton. 

Abbotsbury  Abbey,  De  libertatibus  suis  (138)  53  Hen.  III.,  40. 
„  „      John  le  Veyne  for,  Inq.  ad  q.  d.  (383) 

15  Edw.  I.,  55. 
„  „      John  le  Veyne  for,  Inq.  ad  q.  d.  (431) 

19  Edw.  1.,  74. 

„  „      Thomas  de  Luda  and  Alianor  his  wife  for, 

Inq.  adq.  d.  (701)  33  Edw.  I.,  242. 

„  „      John  de  Tydelmynton  for,  20  Edw.  III.,  11.* 

9  Rich.  II,  75. 

jj  jj 

„  „      Robert  Gylle,  parson  of  Britton  for, 

2nd  pt,  15  Rich.  II.,  151. 

„  .,      Pro  Abbot  of,  Inq.  ad  q.d.    17  Hen.  VI.,  63. 

Abee,  John  12  Edw.  I.,_96. 

t  The  names  of  the  persons  in  these  two  inquisitions  are  illegible. 


6  INQtliSlTiONES    i>OST    MORTEM    FOft    UOttSET. 

Abergaveny,  see  Bergeveny. 

Alayn,  Aleyn,  Roger,  son  and  heir  of  John,  Probatio  cetatis  (453) 

20  Edw.  I,,  166. 

„      Aleyn,  John  (462)  21  Edw.  I.,  40. 

„      Roger  14  Edw.  III.,  21. 

„      Aleyn,  John  24  Edw.  III.,  7. 

„      Warinus  1st  pt.,  49  Edw.  III.,  2. 

Albemarle,  William,  see  William  Fortibus  (89)     44  Hen.  III.,26. 

Aliz,  William,  see  Bindon  Abbey  (395)  16  Edw.  I.,  48. 

AlnetO,  John  de  17  Edw.  II.,  41. 

Ambresbury,  Prioress  and  nuns  of  17  Edw.  III.,  SO.* 

Amoundevile,  Richard,  chev.  24  Edw.  III.,  42. 

Anketell,  John,  deest  42  Edw.  III.,  2. 

„         Thomas,  null1  tenuit  terr'  16  Hen.  VI.,  7. 

Anketill,  John  18  Edw.  IV.,  50. 

ApenticiO,  see  Pentiz. 

ArchiaCO,  Adomar  de  7  Edw.  II.,  50. 

APUndell,  Joan,  dau.  of  Richard,  Earl  of,  see  Humphrey  Bohun, 

46  Edw.  III.,  10. 

,,          John  de,  mil.  and  Alianora  his  wife          3  Rich.  II.,  1. 
,,          Alianor,  see  Matravers,  Alianor  6  Hen.  IV.,  31. 

„          Richard,  chev.  9  Hen.  V,  15. 

„          John,  chev.  9  Hen.  V.,  51. 

„          John,  son  of  John  A.,  chev.,  prob.  cet.     7  Hen.  VL,  78. 
John,  Earl  of  13  Hen.  VL,  37. 

„          Matilda,  Countess  of  15  Hen.  VI.,  39. 

„          Humphrey,  son  and  heir  of  John  and  Matilda  A. 

16  Hen.  VL,  50. 
,,          Katherine,  formerly  wife  of  Roger  Leukenore 

19  Edw.  IV,  47. 

„          Joan,  wife  of  Nicholas  A.,  of  Trerishe  22  Edw.  IV,  48. 

Assheton,  Asshton  Robert  de,  and  Elizabeth  his  wife,  per  John 

Atte  Mere  40  Edw.  III.,  12.* 

„          Robert  de,  and  Elizabeth,  pro  John  de  Oldelond  and 

John  Trowe,  capellani  41  Edw.  III.,  20,* 


INQUISITIONES    POST    MORTEM    FOR    DORSET.  7 

Assheton,  Robert  de,  chev.  7  Rich.  II.,  5. 

Athelneye,  Abbey  of  7  Rich.  II.,  157. 

Atte  Brygge,  Lucy,  dau.  and  heir  of  Galfrid          7  Rich.  II.,  3. 

Atte  Hull,  Christian,  wife  of  John,  one  of  the  heirs  of  Nicholas 

Walsh,  9  Hen.  IV.,  37. 

Atte  Mere,  John,    pro.    Robert   de    Asshton  and  Elizabeth  his 

wife  40  Edw.  III.,  12.* 

Atte  More,  Atte  Moure,  Adam  and  William,  pro  Byndon  Abbey 

29  Edw.  III.,  36.* 

„  Margaret,  wife  of    Walter,  sister  and  heir  of  John 

Blovill,  probatio  cetatis,  35  Edw.  III.,  140. 

„  Joan,  wife  of  Robert  1st  pt.,  36  Edw.  III.,  4. 

„  Adam  and  Edith  his  wife  8  Rich.  II.,  4. 

Robert  4  Hen.  VI.,  29. 

Atte  Mulle,  Robert  6  Edw.  III.,  16.* 

Atte  Welle,  Walter  and  Alice  his  wife  34  Edw.  III.,  11.* 

Audley,    Audele,     Margaret,    wife    of    Hugh   de    A.,    Earl   of 

Gloucester  16  Edw.  III.,  36. 

Averay,  Richard  and  John  Roges, plac.  inter  eos  10  Rich.  II.,  111. 

Axeby,  Isabella,  wife  of  John  20  Rich.  II.,  1 . 

B Gillingham  Forest,  common  of  pasture  (270)  6  Edw.  I.,  49. 

Baehe,  John  11  Hen.  IV.,  15. 

Badlesmere,  Giles  de  12  Edw,  III.,  54a.* 

,,  Badelesmere,  Elizabeth,  see  Despencer,  Hugh, 

2nd  pt.,  23  Edw.  III.,  169. 

Bagerygg',  Robert  (705)  34  Edw.  I.,  5. 

„  Baggerigge,  Isabella  de  18  Edw.  II.,  36. 

BaiociS,  Stephen  de  (394)  16  Edw.  I.,  39. 

Stephen  de  9  Edw.  II.,  45. 

Balon,  Joan,  wife  of  Thomas  41  Edw.  Ill,  9. 

Bardolf,  Drugo  and  Alicia  his  wife,  pro  Hyde  Abbey 

16  Edw.  III.,  48.* 

„         Drugo,  sen.,  pro  Priory  of  Twynham    29  Edw.  III.,  27.* 
„         John  de  Wyrmegeye  co,  Norfolk  45  Edw.  III.,  7. 

Barel,  Robert  13  Edw.  II.,  22. 


8  INQU1SITIONES    POST    MORTEM    FOR    DORSET. 

Bares,  John  de  and  John  Hamelyng,  pro  Cerne  Abbey 

2ndpt.,  4  Edw.  III.,  110.* 
Baret,  Henry,  Inq.  touching  breaking  of  the  peace  (545) 

25  Edw.  I.,  106. 

„      Thomas,  pro  Tarent  Abbey  20  Edw.  III.,  49.* 

Barnaby,  Isabel  7  Hen.  V.,  15. 

BaPPill,  John,  pro  Abbess  of  Shaftesbury,  de  diversis  libertatibus 

(303),  8  Edw.  I.,  79. 

Basset,  Ralph,  de  Dray  ton  17  Edw.  III.,  59. 

Basynges,  John  de  11  Edw.  III.,  28. 

BateCOmbe,  William,  pro  Cerne  Abbey  10  Rich.  II.,  102. 

,,  William,  pro  Cerne  Abbey    2nd  pt.,  15  Rich.  II.,  73. 

Bath  and  Wells,  Bishop  of,  Robert  Burnell  (464) 

21  Edw.  I.,  50, 

Bavaria,  Matilda,  wife  of  William,  Duke  of,  dau.  and  coheir  of 

Henry,  Duke  of  Lancaster    1st  part,  36  Edw.  III.,  37. 

Bavent,  Roger,  feoffavit  Roger  B.,  his  son  and  Havisia,  his  son's 

wife  22  Edw.  III.,  21.* 

Baynton,  John,  mil.  5  Edw.  IV.5  30. 

„  Robert,  of  Farleston,  co.  Wilts,  mil.  attainted 

12  Edw.  IV.  ;  15  Edw.  IV.,  43. 

Beauchamp,   Bellocampo,    John   de,  extentce  feodorum   militum 

(371)  14  Edw.  L,  25. 

j5  „  Guido    de,    Earl   of    Warwick,    and 

Alice,  his  wife         9  Edw.  II.,  71. 
Cecilia  de  14  Edw.  II.,  38. 

5>  ,,  John  de,  and  Margaret,  his  wife 

17  Edw.  III.,  58. 
»  „  Margaret,  wife  of  John  de 

1st  part,  35  Edw.  III.,  35. 

»  „  Roger  de,  chev.  7  Rich.  II.,  22. 

»  ,,  Thomas,  formerly  Earl  of    Warwick 

2  Hen.  IV.,  58. 

»  jj  Thomas,  son  and  heir  of  John  B.,  of 

Rym.,  Prob.  cet.    42  Edw.  III.,  74. 


INQUISITIONES    POST    MORTEM    FOR    DORSET.  9 

Beauehamp,  Bellocampo,  John,  son  and  heir  of  John,  chev. 

8  Hen.  V.,  47. 
„  „  Isabella,  wife  of  Thomas,  chev. 

2  Rich.  III.,  17. 

Beaufort,   John,  Earl  of  Somerset  11  Hen.  IV.,  44. 

,,  Henry,  son  and  heir  of  John,  Duke  of  Somerset 

3  Hen.  VI.,  18. 

Edmund  (Edward),  Duke  of  Somerset   33  Hen.  VI.,  38. 

„  Henry,  Duke  of  Somerset,  attainted      5  Edw.  IV.,  38. 

Beaumont,  Beamonte,  Isabella,  wife  of  Wm.,  arm.  2  Hen.  VI.,  28. 

„  William,  arm.,  Isabella,  wife  of         32  Hen.  VI.,  28. 

„  John,  arm.,  attainted  4  Edw.  IV.,  46,  47. 

Beaupine,  Margaret,  wife  of  Thomas  10  Hen.  IV.,  23. 

Bedek,  Christiana,  wife  of  Anthony  de  19  Edw.  II.,  87. 

,,        See  also  Bydike. 

Bedelleria    d'nico    hundredorum    Regis    in   com.    Dors.    (190), 
(No  writ.    Inquisition  torn.)    App. — Hen.  III.,  97. 
Bedford,  John,  Duke  of  14  Hen.  VI.,  36. 

Belet,  William,  de  homagio  et  servitio  (205)  1  Edw.  I.,  64. 

„       Robert  12  Edw.  III.,  20. 

,,       William,  and  Joan  his  wife  12  Rich.  II.,  5. 

Bellocampo,  see  Beauchamp. 
Beneeumbe  Manor,  (Bincombe)  Inquis'  ad  inquirend* 

50  Edw.  III.,  55b. 

Berenger,  Ingelram  6  Edw.  II.,  65. 

Ingelram  2  Edw.  Ill,  147.* 

Bergeveny,  John  de  Hastynges,  Lord  of  18  Edw.  II.,  83. 

Berkeley,  William,  and  Avicia  Blakeford,  his  wife  (154) 

56  Hen.  III.,  21. 

„  John,  chev.  6  Hen.   VI.,  50. 

,,  Berkley,  Maurice,  formerly  of  Beverston,  co.  Glouc., 

mil.  38  and  39  Hen.  VI.,  57. 

„  Maurice,  of  Beverston,  mil.  14  Edw.  IV.,  41. 

Berne,  William  dc  la,  pro  Ford  Abbey,  Inq.  ad  q.  d.  (384) 

15  Edw.  L,  61. 


10  INQU1SITIONES   POST   MORTEM    FOR   DORSET. 

Bertelot,  Robert,  felo  41  Edw.  III.,  7a. 

Robert,  felo,  deest  41  Edw.  III.,  7.* 

BertOXl,  [Burton,  but  which  ?]  manor,  pro  Dom.  Rege 

App.  38  Edw.  III.,  4. 

Bettesthorne,  Bettestorn,  Margaret        2nd  pt.,  23  Edw.  III.,  7. 

John  22  Rich.  II,,  6. 

John  de,  pro  Cantaria  de  Meere    22  Rich.  II.,  99.  ^ 

Bineombe,  manor,  see  Benecumbe  50  Edw.  III.,  55b. 

Bindon  Abbey,  Byndon  Abbey,  per  William  Aliz  de  Dorchester, 

Inq.adq.  d.  (395)  16  Eiw.  I.,  48. 
„  ,,  per  William  de  Gouvys, 

Inq.  ad  q.  d.  (430)  19  Edw.  L,  56. 

,,  Bynedon  Abbey,  per  Walter,  son  of   William 

Elys  de  Estborton  6  Edw.  III.,  104.* 

„  Byndon  Abbey,  pro   Adam    and  William  Atte 

Moure  29  Edw.  III.,  36.* 

,,  ,,  per  John  Dygon  and  Gilbert 

Martyn  2nd  pt.,  15  Rich.  II.,  53. 

Bingham,  Byngham,  Robert  de  (580)  27  Edw.  I.,  157. 

Robert  de  (655)  31  Edw.  L,  181. 

,,  Byngham,  Richard  de  11  Edw.  II.,  51. 

,,          Robert  and  Margaret  his  wife  10  Hen,  VI.,  17. 

,,  Byngham,  Richard,  arm.  21  Edw.  IV.,  9. 

Blake,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  John,  arm.         38  and  39  Hen.  VI.,  27. 

Blakeford,  Alice  (see  also  Berkeley,  Win.)  (154) 

56  Hen.  III.,  21. 

Blakeneye,  Prior  of  2  Edw.  Til.,  147.* 

Blakhat,  Henry,  pro  Wymborn  Minster  29  Edw.  III.,  16.* 

Blount,  Thos.  le,  chev.,  per  Thos.  West,  chev. 

30  Edw.  III.,  10.* 

„         John  34  Edw.  III.,  28. 

Blovil,  John,  see  Atte  More,  Margaret  35  Edw.  III.,  140. 

Blyntesfeld,  Richard  de  34  Edw.  III.,  20. 

Bodrugan,  Henry,  arm.  App.,  4  Edw.  IV,  64. 

„  „       arm,  (duplicate  1)          App.,  5  Edw.  IV.,  61 


INQXJISITIONES   POST   MORTEM    FOR   DORSET.  11 

Bohun,  John  de  (435)  20  Edw.  I,  7. 

,,        Bohoun,  John  de,  of  Midhurst,  Sussex,  pro  Prioress  of 

Esebourne  5  Edw.  IIT.,  173.* 

„        William  de,  Earl  of  Northampton  34  Edw.  III.,  85. 

„        Humphrey  de,  Earl  of  Hereford  and  Essex,  and  Joan  his 

wife  46  Edw.  III.,  10. 

Bokeshulle,  see  Buxhull. 

Bonde,  Robert,  nuW  tenuit  terr\  Deest  2  Rich.  II.,  1. 

Bonvil,  Bonevyll,  John,  and  Elizabeth  his  wife    20  Rich.  II.,  11. 

Bonvile,  William  9  Hen.  IV.,  42b. 

„  „         William,  son  of  Thomas  14  Hen.  IV.,  12. 

„        Bonville,  Elizabeth,  see  also  Stucle  2  Hen.  V.,  18. 

„        Boneville,  John,  arm.  4  Hen.  VI.,  ]9. 

„        Bonevillo,  Alice,  wife  of  William  B.,  chev.,  and  formerly 

wife  of  John  Rodenay,  chev.  4  Hen.  VI.,  34. 

„  „          William,  mil.,  of  Chilton          1  Edw.  IV.,  37. 

„  „          Thomas,  arm.  6  Edw.  IV.,  46. 

„  „          Elizabeth,  Lady  Harrington,  wife  of  William 

Lord  B.  J 1  Edw.  IV.,  64. 

Botiller,  Botyller,  John  de,  2  extentce  manerii  (310)  9  Edw.  I.,  41. 

John  de  3  Edw.  II.,  53. 

Johnle  11  Edw.  II.,  14. 

Botreaux,  Isabella,  wife  of  William  21  Edw.  III.,  86, 

„  Lord  of,  John  Stafford,  mil.  6  Hen.  VI.,  39. 

William,  mil.  2  Edw.  IV.,  15. 

Boun,  Francis  de  (202)  1  Edw.  I.,  39. 

Boupoyne,  Thomas  5  Hen.  IV.,  40. 

Boys,  John,  parson  of  Ham  Mohum,  pro  Priory  of  Christchurch 

2nd  pt.,  16  Rich.  II.,  87. 
Bradeford,  Robert  de,  pro  Priory  of  St.  Augustin,  Sherborne 

17  Edw.  III.,  16.* 

BrankeSCOmbe,  Rich,  de,  see  Hugh  Courtney  18  Edw.  III.,  70.* 

Brecore,  Brekore  Reginald  21  Rich.  II.,  3. 

Reginald  3  Hen.  VI.,  3S. 

William,  son  of  Reginald,  fatuus  16  Hen.  VI.,  12. 


12  INQUISITIONES    POST    MORTEM    FOR    DORSET. 

Brett,  Bret,  William  le  (140)  54  Hen.  III.,  11. 

„      Moises  (Moysen)  le  (332)  11  Edw.  I.,  39. 

„      Bret,  Ralph  le  2nd  pt.,  23  Edw.  III.,  19. 

„      See  also  Bryt,  Brut. 

Brewosa,  Giles  de,  and  Beatrice  his  wife  (689)      33  Edw.  I.,  73. 
Bridge  Water,  Briggewater  John  de,  pro  Sherborne  Abbey 

11  Edw.  III.,  19.* 

Bridport,  Brideport,  John  de  (magister)  (460)       21  Edw.  L,  31. 
Brudeport,  William  de  2  Edw.  II,  74. 

„  „         John,  son  of  William  de  B.  for  Chapter  of 

St.  Peter's,  Exeter         2  Edw.  III.,  94.* 
Thomas  47  Edw.  III.,  4. 

Briene,  see  Bryan. 
Brion,   see  Bryan. 

BroadwinSOr,  Brodewyndesore,  Alice,  dau.  of  Hugh,  son  of  John 
de,  de  ten-is  alienatis  (471)       21  Edw.  I.,  135. 
BroeaS,  Bernard,  mil.,  pro  Priory  of  Ederosus 

2nd  pt.,  16  Rich.  II.,  83. 

,,        Brokas,  Bernard  1  Hen.  IV.,  17. 

Brodewyndesore,  see  Broadwinsor. 

Bromhull,  John,  sen.,  retinere  possit  5  Rich.  II.,  91. 

Brook,  Broke,  Thomas,  chev.  5  Hen.  V.,  54. 

Joan,  wife  of  Thomas,  mil.  15  Hen.  VI.,  62. 

„        Brooks,  Thomas,  mil.  18  Hen.  VI.,  6. 

„        Broke,  Edward,  of  Cobham  4  Edw.  IV.,  26. 

Browning",  Brownyng  William,  sen.  arm.  12  Edw.  IV.,  41. 

Brune,  William  le,  and  Isolda  his  wife  (606)          29  Edw.  I,  44. 

Brut,  Thomas  le,  of  Blakemore  45  Edw.  III.,  5. 

,,      see  also  Brett. 

Bruyn,  Ingelram,  chev.  1  Hen.  IV.,  39. 

„         Elizabeth,  wife  of  Ingelram,  chev.  8  Hen.  IV..  18. 

Bryan,  Brion,  Simon  de  (17)  31  Hen.  III.,  37. 

„        Bryene,  Guido  de,  mil.  44  Edw.  III.,  24.* 

„        Briene,  Guido,  mil.,  and  Alice,  placita  inter  eos 

12  Rich.  II,  158 


INQUISITIONES    POST    MORTEM    FOR   DORSET.  13 

Bryan,  Guido  de,  chev.,  pro  Tarrant  Abbey      13  Rich.  II.,  141. 
„        Alice,  wife  of  Guido,  mil.  13  Hen.  VI.,  34. 

Bryene,  see  Bryan. 
Bryt,  John,  son  of  Thomas  de,  of  Upwymborne,  fatuus 

8  Rich.  II.,  88. 

„       John,  of  Wymborne  All  Saints'  8  Hen.  VI.,  25. 

,,       see  also  Brett,  Brut. 

Buckingham,  Bukyngham,  Henry  de,  Decanus  de  Wymborne 

Minster  41  Edw.  III.,  37.* 

BurgO,  Elizabeth  de  8  Edw.  III.,  58.* 

„         Eliz.  de,  wife  of  Theobald  de  Verdon     34  Edw.  III.,  83. 

Burnell,  Robert,  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells  (464)    21  Edw.  I.,  50. 

Burton,  see  Berton. 

Bush,  Ralph,  arm.,  breve  tantum  19  Hen.  VI.,  1. 

For  the  Inq.  to  this  Writ  see  20  Hen.  VI.,  26. 

„      Ralph,  arm.  20   Hen.  VI.,  26. 

Buxhull,  Bokeshulle,  Alan  de  19  Edw.  II,  94. 

„  „  Alan,   son   and   heir  of  Alan  de,  probatio 

cetatis.  App.  18  Edw.  III.,  59. 

,,         Alan  de,  chev.  5  Rich.  II.,  6. 

„         Matilda,  late  wife  of  Alan  de,  and  also  of  John  le  Fitz 

Montague  7  Rich.  II.,  83. 

Bydike,  William,  arm.,  and  Alice  his  wife  9  Hen.  VL,  35. 

„         see  also  Bedek. 
Byndon,  see  Bindon. 

Caleshale,  William  de,  and  Cecilia  his  wife  (701),  lie.  feoff., 
pro  Ralph  de  Gorges,  and  Alianor  his  wife, 
Inq.  ad  q.  d.  33  Edw.  I.,  237. 

CalmeSCOte,  Walter  de,  pro  Middleton  (Milton)  Abbey 

40  Edw.  III.,  41.* 

Calne,  Herbert  de  (497,  508)  23  Edw,  I.,  15,  92. 

Cantilupo,  George  de,   Inq.  p.m.  and  also  probatio  cetatis  (197 

1  Edw.  L,  16). 

Cappes,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Robert  13  Edw.  IV.,  60. 

Cardigan,  Alice,  wife  of  Lodewich  4  Hen.  VL,  11, 


14  INQUISITIONES   POST    MORTEM    FOR    DORSET. 

Carent,  Carente,  William  22  Edw.  III.,  27. 

„         Carrant,    Joan,    wife    of  John,    arm.,    null'  tenuit   terr' 

5  Edw.  IV.,  51. 

William,  arm.  16  Edw.  IV.,  46. 

„          Carant  John  18  Edw.  IV.,  5. 

,,         William,  with  John  Cole  and  James  Dernford 

19  Edw.  IV.,  35. 

Carminow,  Carmynou,  Ralph,  cliev.  10  Rich.  II.,  11. 

,,  Carmyuowe,  Thomas,  arm.  21  Hen.   VI.,  46. 

Gary,  Thomas,  per  Richard  Maury.  Abbott  of  Middleton  (Milton) 

25  Edw.  III.,  39.* 

„      Thomas  30  Edw.  III.,  37. 

,,      Thomas,  son  and  heir  of  Thomas,  probatio  cetatis 

31  Edw.  III.,  69. 

Catewey,  John,  null'  tenuit  terr'  8  Edw.  IV.,  13. 

Cauey,  Matilda  34  Edw.  III.,  57. 

Cauntebreg'g',  Matilda  de  6  Edw.  III.,  47. 

Caunvyll,  John,  arm.  29  Hen.  VI.,  32. 

Cerne,  Henry  de,  (520)  24  Edw.  L,  39. 

John  de  18  Edw.  III.,  35. 

„         Richard,  arm.  9  Hen.  VI.,  38. 

Cerne  Abbey,  per  Richard  de  Porte?,  de  Inq.  ad  q.  d.  (724) 

34  Edw.  L,  163. 
„  „         per  John  de  Bares  and  John  Hamelyn 

4  Edw.  III.,  110.* 

„  „         per  William  de  Whytefelde        9  Edw.  III.,  28.* 

„  „         per    William  Batecombe  and  John  Watercombe 

10  Rich.  II.,  102. 
„  „         per  William  Batecombe  and  Edward  Stykelane 

2nd  pt.  15  Rich.  II.,  73. 
„  „         per  Richard  Chidiok  and  Joan  his  wife 

17  Rich.  II.,  100;  18  Rich.  IL,  68. 

»i  ,<         Abbot  of  (John  Godmanston)       18  Hen.  VI.,  72. 

,,  ,,         John  Godmanston,  Abbott  of 

38  and  39  Hen,  VI.,  39. 


INQUISITIONES    POST  MORTEM    FOR    DORSET.  15 

Cervhlgton,  see  Servington. 

Chaleote,  William  1  Rich.  IIL,  4. 

Chapman,  Hugh  le,  of  Gussich  11  Edw.  III.,  8. 

„  John,  of  Gussyche  19  Rich.  II.,  18. 

Charleton,  near  Spettisbury,  see  Sturminster  Marshall. 
Chebeseye,  William  dc,  see  Hugh  Courtney,  Earl  of  Devon 

18  Edw.  IIL,  70.* 

Chedder,  Thomas,  arm.  21  Hen.  VI.,  55. 

CheselbOUrne,  Walter,  parson  of,  pro  Middleton  (Milton)  Abbey 

32  Edw.  III.,  86.* 

Chetelton,  William  de,  chev.  21  Edw.  III.,  11. 

Chevancea,   consuct'  de,  Inq.  ad.  q.  d.  20  Hen.  VI.,  4. 

Cheverel,   Alexander  4  Edw.  II.,  37. 

Cheverell,  Walter,  arm.  22  Edw.  IV.,  45. 

Cheyne,  Cheyny,  Ralph,  chev.  2  Hen.  IV.,  52. 

„          Edmund,  mil.  9  Hen.  VI.,  42. 

„          Cecilia,  wife  of  William,  mil.  9  Hen.  VI.,  42. 

„          Joan,  widow  of  William,  mil.  12  Hen.  VI.,  39. 

ChidiOCk,   Chydyok,    John,  chev.,  and    Isabella  his   wife,  feoff. 

Richard  Tybbe,  parson  of  Frome  Whytefeld 

33  Edw.  III.,  30  * 
,,           Chidyok,  John,  chev.,  pro  Abbey  of  Mount  Carmel  in 

Wales  39  Edw.  IIL,  17.* 

Chidyoke,  John  de  11  Rich.  II.,  14. 

,,  Chidyok,  John,  jun.,  mil.  14  Rich.  II.,  62. 

„  John  and  Alianor  his  wife,  per  Matthew  Gourney, 

chev.  14  Rich.  II.,  78. 

,,  Richard  and  Joan  his  wife,  pro  Cernc  Abbey 

17  Rich.  II.,  100  ;  18  Rich.  II.,  68. 

„  Chediok,  John,  chev.  3  Hen.  V.,  58. 

„  ,,        John,  son  and  heir  of  John  C.,  chev,  prolatio 

ceiatis  1  Hen.  VI.,  73. 

,,  Alianora,  widow  of  John,  mil.  12  Hen.  VL,  38. 

Chydiok,  John,  mil.  28  Hen.  VL,  26. 

Katherine  1  Edw.  IV.,  26, 


16  INQUISITIONES    POST    MORTEM    FOR   DORSET. 

ChilteCOmbe,  Ivo  de,  pro  John  de  Poundfold,  parson  of  Chilte- 

combe  41  Edw.  Ill,  19.* 

Choke,  Richard,  mil.  1  Rich.  Ill,  40. 

Christchurch  Priory,  co.  Hants,  see  Twyneham. 

Cifrewast,  Syfrewast,  Joan,  wife  of  Robert        28  Edw.  Ill,  57. 

John,  son  of  Robert          34  Edw.  Ill,  18. 

Robert  34  Edw.  Ill,  67. 

5)  „          John,  son  of  Elizabeth  C,  consanquin.  and 

heir  of  Robert  C.,  and  Johanna  his  wife,  probatio  cetatis 

34  Edw.  Ill,  95. 

Clare,  Richard  de,  Earl  of  Gloucester  and  Hertford,  extent',  manor'. 

(107)  47  Hen.  Ill,  34. 

,,      Gilbert  de,  Earl  of  Gloucester  and  Hertford,  Inq.  p.  m. 

No  writ  (529)  24  Edw.  I,  107. 

„      Thomas  de  28  Edw.  I,  62. 

,,      Gilbert  and  Joan  de,  Earl  and  Countess  of  Gloucester  and 

Hertford  35  Edw.  I,  47. 

„      Gilbert,  son  of  Thomas  de  (590)  1  Edw.  II,  45. 

„      Gilbert  de,  Earl  of  Gloucester  and  Hertford    8  Edw.  II,  68. 

„      Thomas,  son  of  Rich,  de,  nuW  tenuit  terr'     15  Edw.  II,  14. 

Clarence,  Lionel,  Duke  of,  and  Eliz.  his  wife, 

1st  pt,  43  Edw.  Ill,  23. 
„          George,  Duke  of,  attainted,  and  Isabella  his  wife 

18  Edw.  IV,  46,  47. 
,,          Isabella,  wife  of  George,  Duke  of,  attainted 

18  Edw.  IV,  46,  47. 

Clavell,  Clavyll,  William  17  Rich.  II,  109. 

Claville,  William  3  Hen.  IV,  39. 

Clerbeck,  Clerbek,  Henry  de  (520)  24  Edw.  I,  45. 

„  „        Elizabeth,    and   Walter    Hodebovile    (732)  ; 

(the  writ  is  of  34th  year) 

35,  Edw.  I,  21  ;  3  Edw.  II,  31. 

„  Clerebek,  Joan  de  6  Edw.  III.,  11. 

Clifford,  Robert  de,  and  Isabella  his  wife  18  Edw.  Ill,  50. 

Clinton,  Clynton,  John  de,  of  Maxtoke,  co.  Warw.  18  Edw.  Ill,  4.* 


INQUISIT10NES    POST    MORTEM    FOR    DORSET.  17 

Clop  ton,  Christiana,  wife  of  Richard  14  Hen.  IV.,  13. 

Cobham,  Reginald,  sen.,  chev.  4  Hen.  IV.,  34. 

„          Alianor,  see  Alianor  Matravers  6  Hen.  IV.,  31. 

Coker,  Michaela,  widow  of  Robert  C.,  arm,  see  also  Robert  Derby 

4  Hen.  VI.,  38. 
Cole,  John,  with  William  Carrant  and  James  Dernford 

19  Edw.  IV.,  35. 

Consuet'  de  Chevancea,  Inq.  ad  q.  d.  20  Hen.  VI.,  4. 

Corfe,  Bishop  of  Salisbury,  de  liberiate  sua  infra  manerium  de 

(576)  27  Edw.  L,  116. 

Corf,  John,  clericus  47  Edw.  III.,  69.* 

,,        Castle,  pro  Dom.  Rege.  de  inquirendo  App.  4  Rich.  II.,  128. 

Cornwall,  Edward,  Earl  of,  no  writ  (588)  28  Edw.  I.,  44. 

Corseombe,  West,  Phillip,  parson  of  8  Rich.  II.,  107. 

COPyndon,  Peter  de,  pro  Sherborne  Abbey, 

2ndpt.,  16  Rich.  II.,  117. 

Couk,  Roger  le,  of  Melebury  3  Edw.  III.,  54. 

CoUPteney,  Courtenay,  John  de  (212)  2  Edw.  L,  27. 

„  Courtney,  Hugh  (363),  Deest  13  Edw.  L,  98. 

„  Courtenay,  Hugh  (449)  20  Edw.  I.,  133. 

„  „          Hugh,  sen.,  per  John  and  Alice  Everard, 

5  Edw.  III.,  32a* 

Hugh,  (1st)  Earl  of  Devon  14  Edw.  III.,  27. 

„  „  ,,  feoffavit,  William  de  Chebes- 

eye  and  Richard  de  Brankescombe 

18  Edw.  III.,  70.* 

„  Courtney,  Hugh  de,  Earl  of  Devon,  and  Margaret  his 

wife,  feoff.  Robert  de  Vaggescombe 

47  Edw.  Ill,  65.* 
„  „         Elizabeth,  wife  of  Hugh  de  C.,  jun. 

1st  pt.,  49  Edw.  III.,  27. 

f  Hugh  de,  (2nd  ?)  Earl  of  Devon        51  Edw.  III.,  6. 
Hugh  de,  (2nd  1)  Earl  of  Devon  1  Rich.  II.,  12. 

t  Perhaps  Hugh,  the  grandson  of  the  2nd  Earl,  see  Vivian's  Visit,  of 
Devon,  p.  244 


18  INQUISITIONES   POST   MORTEM    FOR   DORSET. 

Courteney,  Margaret,  wife  of  Hugh,  (2nd)  Earl  of  Devon 

1st  pt.,  15  Rich.  II.,  16. 

Courtenay,  Peter,  chev.  6  Hen.  IV.,  38. 

Phillip,  chev.  7  Hen.  IV.,  51. 

„  Courtney,  Edward,  (3rd)  Earl  of  Devon   7  Hen.  V.,  75. 

„         Hugh,  (4th)  Earl  of  Devon  10  Hen.  V.  29b. 

M  „         Hugh,  (4th)  who  died  temp.  Hen.  IV.,  (sic, 

but  should  be  V.)         1  Hen.  VI.,  63. 

„  „         Richard,  Bp.  of  Norwich     3  Hen.  VI.,  24. 

Hugh,  chev.  3  Hen.  VI.,  30. 

„  Courteneye,  Hugh,  chev.,  mel1  inquir*  9  Hen.  VI. ,58. 

„  Ann,  Countess  of  Devon  (widow   of  Hugh,  4th  Earl) 

19  Hen.  VI.,  40. 

„  Thomas,  (5th)  Earl  of  Devon  36  Hen.  VI.,  38. 

Courtney,  Philip,  mil.  3  Edw.  IV.,  29. 

Cove,  Henry  de,  citizen  and  mercer  of  London  24  Edw.  III.,  30.* 
„       Henry,  feoff.  William  Wayn  and  Richard  le  Hayward 

26  Edw.  III.,  10.* 

,,       Henry  de,   citizen  and  merchant,  of  London,  for  William 

Fillol  and  Margaret  his  wife  27  Edw.  III.,  40.* 

Coventry  and  Lichfield,  Bp.  of,  see  Lichfield  (527)  24  Edw.  I.,  75. 

Cranborne  Priory  of,  per  Henry  le  Gulden        7  Edw.  III.,  55.* 

„  Manor,  inquisition,  deest  20  Edw.  IV.,  98. 

„  Chase,  extent  22  Edw.  IV.,  59. 

Crauford,  Nicholas  de,  parson  of  Gillingham,  Tithes  (247) 

4  Edw.  I.,  92. 

CreSSy,  John,  sen.  9  Hen.  IV.,  13. 

CrOWell,  Robert,  parson  of,  feoff.  John,  son  of  John  Mautravers 

39  Edw.  III.,  8.* 

Crukeme,  Thomas  de  2  Edw.  III.,  98.* 

„          Richard  de,  capellanus  33  Edw.  III.,  23.* 

„  Cecilia,  wife  of  John  de,  one  of  the  heirs  of  Concilia  (?), 

wife  of  Stephen  Laundy  40  Edw.  III.,  77. 

„          Crokehorn,  John,  formerly  of  South  Peret 

28  Hen.  VI.,  17. 


INQUISITIONES    POST    MORTEM    FOR    DORSET.  19 

Cruket,  William  de  7  Edw.  II.,  35. 

Cyfrewast,  see  Cifrewast. 

Daeeombe,  William  9  Hen.  VI.,  27. 

Dacre,  Humphrey  4  Edw.  IV.,  46,  47. 

Dare,  William,  capellanus,  for  William,   Vicar  of  Lym  (Lyme), 

2  Edw.  III.,  136  * 

Darell,  Elizabeth  4  Edw.  IV.,  13. 

Davillers,  Bath'us,  Bartholomew  (?),  son  of  John  5  Edw.  III.,  76. 

De  la  Lynde,  John,    also  a  document   relating  to   John   de  la 

Tour  mentioned  (193)  1  Edw.  I.,  "2. 

„  De  la  Launde,  John  son  of  James,  mentioned  in 

an  inq.  p.  m.  of  Roger,  Bishop  of  Coventry  and 

Lichfield  (527)  24  Edw.  I.,  75. 

William  12  Edw.  II.,  36. 

Galfrid  19  Edw.  III.,  42. 

De  la  Warr,  Lord,  Richard  West  16  Edw.  IV.,  62. 

Denebaude,  John  14  Rich.  II.,  18. 

Derby,  Stephen,  mil.  App.  8  Rich.  II.,  110. 

,,        Stephen,    chev.,   and  Alice  his  wife,  pro  Capellanus  de 

Lange  blandford  2nd  pt.,  15  Rich.  II.,  119. 

„        Anicia,  wife  of  Stephen,  mil.  8  Hen.  V.,  81. 

„       Robert,  and  Michaela  his  wife  9  Hen.  V.,  49. 

„        Walter  12  Hen.  VI.,  28. 

Dernford,  James,  with  John  Cole  and  William  Can-ant 

19  Edw.  IV.,  35. 

Despencer,  Hugh  le  l  Edw.  ill.,  59.* 

„  Hugh  le,  de  forisfact.  App.  4  Edw.  III.,  50. 

„  Hugh,  and   Elizabeth   his    wife,   relict   of   Giles  de 

Badelesmere  2nd  pt,  23  Edw.  III.,  169. 

Devenish,  Devenisshe,  Thomas,  and  Eliz.  his  wife  47  Edw.  III.,  10. 

,,  „          Thomas,  son  of  Thomas      5  Rich.  II.,  19. 

Deverel,  John  and  Elizabeth  his  wife,  and  John  Matravers 

5  Edw.  Ill,  81.* 

Elias  de,  sen.  6  Edw.  III.,  59.* 

„         Elias,  pro  Priory  of  Twynham  6  Edw.  III.,  97.* 


20  ISQUI8ITIOKBS   POST   MORTEM    FOR   DORSET. 

Devereux,  John  6  Rich.  II.,  29. 

Deverose,  John  7  Hen.  V.,  60. 

Devon,  Countess  of,  Amicia,  formerly  wife  of  Baldwin  de  Insula, 

Earl  of  Devon,  Inquisition  p.  m.  and  Extents  terrarum, 

(348)  12  Edw.  I.,  33. 

(1st)  Earl  of,  Hugh  Courteney  14  Edw.  III.,  27. 

„  „        see  Hugh  Courteney        47  Edw.  III.,  65.* 

„         (2nd?)     „        Hugh  Courteney  f  51  Edw.  III.,  6. 

„         (2nd)      „        Hugh  Courteney  1  Eich.  II.,  12. 

,,         (2nd)      ,,        Margaret,  wife  of  Hugh  Courteney 

1st  pt.,   15  Rich.  II.,  16. 

(3rd)       „        Edward  Courteney  7  Hen.  V.,  75. 

(4th)       „        Hugh  Courteney  10  Hen.  V.,  29b. 

,,         Countess  of,  Ann  (widow  of  Hugh,  4th  Earl) 

19  Hen.  VI.,  40. 

(5th)  Earl  of,  Thomas  Courteney  36  Hen.  VI.,  38. 

„        Humphrey  Stafford    9  and  10  Edw.  IV.,  30. 

Dixon,  Thomas,  arm.  16  Edw.  IV.,  43. 

Doget,  Peter,  of  Corfe,  pro  Priory  of  Wareham,  Inq.  ad  q.  d., 

(395)  16  Edw.  L,  46. 

Doneehirehe,  Galfrid  de,  per  William  de  Kaynes 

3  Edw.  III.,  38.* 
DOPChesteP,  Burgesses  of,  de  inquirend*  apud,  &c. 

11  Edw.  III.,  98.* 

„  Hospital  of  St.  John,  Inquis.  de  terris  pertirf   ad 

33  Edw.  III.,  88.* 

Dorset,   County  of,  Inquis.  touching  breaking  the  peace  in,  by 

Henry  Baret  (545)  25  Edw.  L,  106. 

„         and     Southampton,     Counties     of,     Perambulation     of 

Boundaries  of  ^PP-  18  Edw.  III.,  57. 

Dygon,  John,  pro  Bindon  Abbey  2nd  pt.,  15  Rich.  II.,  53. 

EderoSUS,  Priory  of,  co. ?,  per  Benedict  Brocas,  mil. 

2ndpt.,  16  Rich.  II.,  83. 

t  Perhaps  Hugh,  the  grandson  of  the  2nd  Earl.     See  Vivian's  Visit,  of 
Devon,  p.  244. 


INQUISITIONES   POST   MORTEM   FOR   DORSET.  2l 

Edmund,  brother  of  the  King,  see  Lancaster,  Duke  of,  Inq.  ad  q.  d. 

(486)  22  Edw,  I.,  49. 

Edryngton  (sic.),  Thomas,  see  Erdington  12  Hen.  VI.,  23. 

Elys,  Walter,  son   of  William   de,  of  Estborton,  pro   Abbot  of 

Bynedon  6  Edw.  III.,   104.* 

Engeham,  Ingham,  alias  Oliver  de  (315)  10  Edw.  L,  4. 

England,  Isabella,  Queen  of  32  Edw.  III.,  43. 

EFdington,  Henry  de  (334),  extenta  maner'  11  Edw.  I.,  50. 

„  Erdyngton,  Thomas  de,  chev.  18  Kich.  II.,  15. 

„  „  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Giles  de 

1st  pt.,  49  Edw.  III.,  46. 
,,  ,,  Margaret,  wife  of  Thomas,  mil. 

6  Hen.  IV.,  27. 
,,  „  (Edryngton)  Thomas,   arm. 

12  Hen.  VI.,  23. 

Sibilla,  wife  of  Thomas,  arm.  13  Hen.  VI.,  23. 

EsebOUFne,   Prioress  of,   per  John  de   Bohoun 

5  Edw.  III.,  173.* 

Essex,  Earl  of,  Humphry  de  Bohun  46  Edw.  III.,  10. 

Everard,  William  (277)  7  Edw.  I.,  5. 

„         Edmund,  per  William  Everard,  p'sona  eccl'  de  Colstre- 

worth  2  Edw.  III.,  87.* 

,,         William,    p'sona   eccl'   de     Colstreworth,   pro   Edmund 

Everard  2  Edw.  III.,  87.* 

,,         John  and  Alice  his  wife,  pro  Hugh  de  Courtney,  sen. 

5  Edw.  III.,  32a.* 

„         Edmund  15  Edw.  II.,  43. 

William  17  Edw.  III.,  27. 

,,         Edmund,  chev.,  feoff.  Thomas  Lydyard 

39  Edw.  III.,  28.* 

„         Edmund,  mil.  44  Edw.  III.,  26. 

Exeter,  Chapter  of  St.    Peter's,  per   John    son  of   William   de 

Brudeport  2  Edw.  III.,  94.* 

Eyr,  William  le  25  Edw.  III.,  13. 

Faleyse,  Elias  de  la,  (215)  extentce  terrarum  2  Edw.  I.,  52. 


22  INQUIS1TIONES    POST    MORTEM    FOR    DORSET. 

Farendon,  Farndon,  John  de  3  Edw.  III.,  30.* 

Thomas  de  3  Edw.  Ill,  63. 

Christina,  wife  of  Thomas  de,  per  John  de  Farendon 

4  Edw.  III.,  40.* 
„  John  de,  pro  Christina,  wife  of  Thomas  de 

4  Edw.  III.,  40  * 

John  de  8  Edw.  III.,  80.* 

John,  De  ejedione,  $c.  (115)  49  Hen.  III.,  21. 

Farringdon,  Margaret,  now  Well       22  Edw.  IV.,  38. 
Farndon,  see  Farendon. 
Farringdon,  see  Farendon. 

Fauntleroy,  John,  null'  tenuit  terr'  18  Hen.  VI.,  46. 

Fighelton,  John  de,  and  Christina  his  wife,  daughter  of  Galfrid 
Not  32  Edw.  III.,  1.* 

Fillol,  William  and  Margaret  his  wife,  per  Henry  de  Cove 

27  Edw.  Ill,  40.* 

„      John  4  Hen.  IV.,  33. 

„      William  3  Hen.  V.,  51. 

„      Filolle,   John  7  Edw.  IV.,  38. 

,,      FyllolJ,  William,  son    and   heir   of   John   F.,  arm.,  dec., 

probatio  cetatis  12  Edw.  IV.,  56. 

Fitz-Herbert,  Reginald  de  20  Edw.  III.,  48. 

Reginald  33  Edw.  Ill,  115.* 

,,  Edmund,  chev.,  and  Joan  his  wife  10  Rich.  II.,  18. 

Fitz-Hugh,  William,  mil.  31  Hen.  VL,  43. 

Fitz-Nicholas,  Robert  (198)  1  Edw.  I.,  19. 

FitZ-Montague,  John,  see  John  Montague  7  Rich.  II.,  83. 

FitZ-Payn,  Robert  (307)  9  Edw.  L,  23. 

„  Robert,  lie.  feoff ^  pro  John  Maundevill,  Inq.  ad  q.  d. 

(696)  33  Edw.  L,  182. 

„  Robert  and  Isabella  his  wife  9  Edw  II.,  63. 

„  Robert  and  Ela  his  wife  28  Edw.  III.,  41. 

„  Ela,  wife  of  Robert  30  Edw.  III.,  14, 

„  Robert  and   Elizabeth   his  wife,  pro  John  de  Vere, 

Earl  of  Oxford  33  Edw.  III.  8.* 

Robert,  chev.  1st  pt.,  16  Rich.  II.,  12. 


INQUISITIONES    POST   MORTEM    FOR   DORSET.  23 

Fitz-Peers,    Lucy,    dau.    of    Reginald    F.-P.,    wife    of    Hugh 

Punchardon  8  Hen.  VI.,  29. 

FitZ-PeteP,  Joanna  de  Vivonia  (Vinonia  sic.),  wife  of  Reginald 

8  Edw.  II.,  42. 
Fitz-Reginald,  William,  see  William  de  Lulleworth  (92) 

45  Hen.  III.,  6. 

„  Fitz-Reynaud,  Peter  16  Edw.  II.,  57. 

Peter  20  Edw.  II.,  40. 

Reginald  2  Edw.  III.,  40. 

„  Fitz-Reynauld,  Alice,  wife  of  Reginald 

33  Edw.  Ill,  96.* 

FitZ-RogeF,  Henry,  and  Elizabeth  his  wife  26  Edw.  Ill,  37. 
Fitz-Waryn,  William,  feoffavit  John  de  Haddon,  &c. 

18  Edw.  Ill,  52.* 

Fitz-Waren,  William          1st  pt.,  35  Edw.  III.,  87. 

Ivo  2  Hen.  V.,  38. 

Fitz-William,    Regniald,    alias   Reginald,    son   of   William    de 

Lullworth  (92)  45  Hen.  III.,  6. 

Folvylle,  Roger,  and  Elizabeth  his  wife          6  Rich.  II.,  40,  184. 

Ford  Abbey,  per  William  de  la  Berne,  Inq.  ad  q.  d.  (61) 

15  Edw.  I.,  61. 

Fordington,  Fortyngton,  Manor  of,  extent'.  App.  18  Rich.  II.,  111. 
ForneilX,  John  de,  see  John  de  Grede,  App.  10  Edw.  III..  75. 
Fortibus,  William  de  [Earl  of  Albemarle]  (Suffolk,  Essex)  (89) 

44  Hen.  III.,  26. 
„           William  de  [or  de  Vivonia]  (Dorset)    44  Hen.  III.,  26. 

Fox,  Stephen  le,  rectatns,  by  the  death  of  Isabella  de  Worthe  (97) 

45  Hen.  III.,  52. 
Frampton,  Frompton,  Walter                                13  Rich.  II.,  19. 

„  John,  of  Childefrome  14  Rich.  II.,  21. 

„  Alice,  wife  of  Robert  34  Hen.  VI.,  19. 

Robert,  arm.  4  Edw.  IV.,  35. 

Fremantell,  als.  Gowys,  Alianora,  wife  of  John  de    7  Hen.  V.,  56. 

Frere,  Joan,  wife  of  Henry  le  1st  pt.,  36  Edw.  III.,  68. 

Frorne,  John  6  Hen.  IV.,  14. 


24  INQUISITIONES   POST    MORTEM    FOR    DORSET. 

Frye,  William,  5  Hen.  VI.,  46. 

Fyllol,  see  Fillol 

Fynderne,  Thomas,  attainted  6  Edw.  IV.,  52. 

Fyton,  Richard,  arm.  null'  tenuitterr'  16  Hen.  VI.,  2. 

Gambon,  William  and  Cecilia  his  wife  17  Rich.  II.,  26. 

„  Richard,  son  and  heir  of  William  8  Hen  V.,  52. 

„          Richard,  son  of  Richard,  son  and  heir  of  William 

App,  8  Hen.  V.,  52. 

,,  John,  arm.,  and  Elena  his  wife  12  Hen.  VI.,  29. 

Gascelyn,  Gacelyn,  Galfrid  (315)  10  Edw.  I.,  5. 

„  Gasselyn,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Galfrid     18  Rich.  IL,  17. 

Galfrid,  son  of  Edmund          1st  pt.,  49  Edw.  III.,  58. 

Gaveston,  Margaret,  formerly  wife  of  Peter  de  G.,  now  wife  of 

Hugh  de  Audele,  Earl  of  Gloucester  16  Edw.  III.,  36. 

Gerarde,  William,  null'  tenuit  terr'  22  Hen.  VI.,  50. 

Gervase,  John  (135)  53  Hen.  III.,  15. 

Gorvays,  John,  extenta  terr'  (306)  9  Edw.  I.,  18. 

Giffard,  Gilford,  Osbert  and  Alice  Murdac,  extenta  terr'  (18) 

31  Hen.  III.,  41. 

„          Osbert,  de  malefactoribus,  $c.  (488)          22  Edw.  I.,  79. 
Gillingham,  parish  of,  Nicholas  parson  of,  concerning  tithes  (247) 

4  Edw.  I,  92. 

,,  for    inhabitants   of   town   of    (Forest,   common   of 

pasturage)  (270)  6  Edw.  I.,  49. 

„  Forest,  pro  Domino  Rege       App.  38  Edw.  III.,  54. 

Glanvil,  Glaunvylle,  Sibilla  de,  pro  Cap.  de  Maxstok 

18  Edw.  III.,  90a.* 
GlastonbUPy  Abbey,  per  William  son  of  Richard  Tilley 

6  Edw.  III.,  4a.* 

»  »         per  Hugh  Penbrigge      37  Edw.  III.,  62.* 

3j  „         de  Ucenc1  appropriand'      14  Rich.  II.,  64. 

Gloucester  and  Hertford,  Earl  of,  Richard  de  Clare,  pxtentce 

manoriorum,  §c.  (107)     47  Hen.  III.,  34. 

»  »  „        Gilbert  de  Clare.  No  writ. 

24  Edw.  I.,  107. 


INQUISITIONES    POST    MORTEM    FOR    DORSET.  25 

Gloucester  and  Hertford,  Earl  of,  Joan,  wife  of  Gilbert  de 

Clare  (738)     35  Edw.  I.,  47. 
„  „  „        Gilbert  de  Clare 

8  Edw.  II.,  63. 
,,  Earl  of,  Margaret,  wife  of  Hugh  de  Audeley 

16  Edw.  III.,  36. 

„  Duke  of,  Thomas     Bund.  Forisfact.  21  Rich.  II.,  5g. 

„  „        Humphrey  25  Hen.  VI.,  26. 

Goce,  or  Gooz,  John  5  Edw.  II.,  42. 

Godmaston,  or  Godmanston,  John 

18  Hen.  VI.,  72  ;  38  and  39  Hen.  VI.,  39. 
Gogh,  see  Gough 

Golde,  Edward,  pro  Prior  of  Wareham  3  Edw.  III.,  106.* 

GOOZ,  or  Goce,  John  5  Edw.  II.,  42. 

Gorges,  Ralph  de  18  Edw.  I.,  16. 

Elena  de  (412)  20  Edw.  I.,  33. 

„         Thomas  de  and  Emma  his  wife  (685)         33  Edw.  L,  50. 

„         Ralph  and  Cecilia  his  wife,   lie.  feoff.,  per  William  de 

Caleshale  and  Cecilia  his  wife,  Inq.  ad  q.  d.  (701) 

33  Edw.  L,  237. 

Ralph  de  17  Edw.  IL,  65. 

„         Theobald,  mil.,  and  Agnes  his  wife  4  Rich.  II.,  28. 

,,         Ralph,  chev.,  son  and  heir  of  Theobald,  chev. 

5  Rich.  IL,  26. 

Theobald,  chev.  11  Rich  II.,  65. 

Bartholomew  20  Rich.  II.,  26. 

Agnes,  wife  of  Theobald  2  Hen.  IV.,  17. 

„         John,  son  of  Thomas  2  Hen.  V.,  46. 

„         Florence,  wife  of  John  1  Hen.  VI.,  13. 

Theobald  9  and  10  Edw.  IV.,  59. 

Richard,  arm.  20  Edw.  IV.,  93. 

Gorvays,  see  Gervase 

Gough,  Gogh,  Morgan,  nulT  tenuii  ten-'  3  Hen.  VI.,  44. 

„        Margaret,  widow  of  Morgan  19  Hen.  VI.,  26. 

Gouis,  see  Govis 


26  INQUISITIONES   POST   MORTEM   FOR    DORSET. 

Gournay,  Matthew,  chev.,  pro   John   Chidiok  and   Alianor  his 

wife  U  Rich.  II.,  78. 

GoviS,  Gouyz,  Robert,  extenta  terr'  (2)  20  Hen.  III.,  15. 

„        Gouvyz,  William  de,  pro   Bindon   Abbey,  Inq.  ad  q.  d. 

(430)  19  Edw.  L,  56. 

Gouis,  William  de  (571)  27  Edw.  I,  53. 

„        Alice  de,  Inquis.  de  herede  ejusdem  4  Edw.  II.,  4. 

„        Gouvys,  Petronilla,  wife  of  William  de      19  Edw.  II.,  34. 

„        Gouys,  Agnes,  wife  of  John  44  Edw.  III.,  29. 

,,        Govys,  Agnes,  wife  of  John  2  Rich.  II.,  24. 

,,        Gowys,  Fremantell,  als.  Alianora,  wife  of  John  de 

7  Hen.  V.,  56. 

Grede,  John  de,  of  Farthyngton  24  Edw.  III.,  1. 

.,        Alice,  wife  of   William   G.,  kin   and    heir    of  John    de 

Forneux,  dec.,  probatio  cetatis      App.  10  Edw.  III.,  75. 

Grey,  Robert  15  Edw.  IV.,  11. 

Grundevell,  William,  pro  Abbot  of  Shaston     1  Edw.  III.,  113.* 

Guldene,  Roger  le,  per  Peter  de  Rabayn       App.  16  Edw.  II.,  27. 

,,          Henry  le  [pro  Priory  of  Coventry]  ?      7  Edw.  III.,  55.* 

„  „      and  Elizabeth  his  wife  8  Edw.  III.,  55. 

Alan  de,  breve  tantum  1st  pt.,  35  Edw.  III.,  90. 

,,          William,  and  Alice  his  wife  2  Rich.  II.,  97. 

Gylle,  Robert,  parson  of  Britton,  pro  Abbotsbury  Abbey 

2ndpt.,  15  Richard  IL,  151. 

Haddon,  John de,feoffavit per WilliamFitz-waryn  lSEdw.III.,52.* 

Henry  de  22  Edw.  III.,  33. 

„         Alianora  de  1st  pt.,  35  Edw.  Ill,  96. 

Hamelyn,  Hamely,  Joan,  wife  of  John  48  Edw.  III.,  35. 

„          John,  and  John  de  Bares,  pro  Cerne  Abbey 

4  Edw.  III.,  110.* 
„          John,  chev.  22  Rich.  IL,  25. 

Hamond,  Alice  17  Rich.  IL,  79. 

»  „  22  Rich.  II.,  85. 

Harrington,  Elizabeth  Lady,  wife  of  William,  Lord  Boneville 

11  Edw.  IV.,  64. 


INQUISITIONES   POST   MORTEM    FOR    DORSET.  27 

Hastings,  John  de,  Petitio  (184)  uncertain,  Hen.  III.,  280. 

„  Hastynges,  John  de,  Lord  of  Bergeveny  18  Edvv.  II.,  83. 

Hasylden,  William  20  Edw.  IV.,  2. 

Havering:,  Richard  de,  Knt.  (123)  51  Hen.  III.,  12. 

Haym,  John  8  Hen.  V.,  112. 

Hayward,  Richard  le,  and  Win.  Waryn,  feoff.  Henry  Cove 

26  Edw.  III.,  10.* 

Hele,  Nicholas  1  Hen.  V.,  43. 

Heleton,  John  de  5  Edw.  III.,  7. 

HendOVer,  Richard,  arm.  21  Hen.  VI.,  29. 

Henton,  Rowland,  and  Joanna  his  wife  10  Hen.  VI.,  31. 

Hereford,  Earl  of,  Humphrey  de  Bolmn  46  Edw.  III.,  10. 

Hertele,  Alice,  wife  of  Adoe  de  2  Edw.  II.,  55. 

Hertford,  Earl  of,  see  Clare. 
Hertleye,  William  de  6  Edw.  II.,  50. 

Hertrigge,  John  de  3  Edw.  II.,  47. 

Heryng1,  Raymond  46  Edw.  III.,  29. 

John  34  Hen.  VI.,  21. 

Heytefeld,  Isabella,  widow  of  Stephen,  arm.        15  Hen.  VI.,  47. 
Higins,  see  Hygens 

HodebOVllle,  Walter,  and  Elizabeth  Clerbek  (732)  35  Edw.  I.,  21. 
„  Walter  de,  hereditate  de  Eliz.  de  Clerbeck  his  wife 

3  Edw.  II.,  31. 

Hody,  Alexander,  mil.  1  Edw.  IV.,  34. 

Holand,  Thos.  de,  Earl  of  Kent,  and  Alesia,  his  wife  20  Rich.  II.,  30. 

Matilda,  see  John  Lovell  9  Hen.  IV.,  29. 

Horsey,  John,  chev.  1  Hen.  VI.,  20. 

,,         Horsy,  Alice,  widow  of  John,  mil.,  nuW  tenuit  ten-1 

13  Hen.  VI.,  2. 

„         Horsy,  William,  melius  inquirend'          26  Hen.  VI.,  26. 

Henry,  arm.  1  Edw.  IV.,  25. 

Thomas  8  Edw.  IV.,  32. 

Hospital  of  St.  John,  Dorchester,  Inquis'  de  terris,  $c.,  pertirt  ad 

33  Edw.  III.,  88.* 
of  Holy  Cross,  Wynton  6  Edw.  IV.,  59. 


28  INQUISITIONES   POST   MORTEM    FOR   DORSET. 

Houton,  William,  see  Ptilham  West,  Inq.  ad  q.d.     15  Hen.  VI.,  4. 
Hull,  Edward,  mil.,  nulV  tenuit  terr'  32  Hen.  VI.,  41. 

HungerfOPd,  Walter,  mil.  27  Hen.  VI.,  30. 

Alianor,  wife  of  Walter,  mil.          33  Hen.  VI.,  35. 
Huse,  see  Hussey. 

Hussey,  Huse,  Roger,  son  of  John,  kin  and  heir  of  John  Berewyk, 

probatio  cetatis  App.  1  Edw.  III.,  103. 

Husee,  Roger  1st  pt.,  35  Edw.  III.,  98. 

„         Huse,  Margaret,  wife  of  Roger,  widow  of   Herbert  St. 

Quintin  1st  pt.,  35  Edw.  III.,  99. 

„         Husey,  Thomas,  arm.  8  Edw.  IV.,  52. 

„         Husee,  John,  non  compos  mentis  20  Edw.  IV.,  3. 

„         Husey,  John,  arm.  1  Rich.  III.,  36. 

Hyde,  Hugh  de  la  (667)  32  Edw.  I,  57. 

Hyde  Abbey,  per  Drugo  Bardolf  and  Alicia  his  wife 

16  Edw.  III.,  48.* 

Hygyns,  Agnes  19  Edw.  IV.,  6. 

Hynton,  John  de,  mil.  App.  29  Edw.  III.,  51. 

Isabella,  Queen  of  England  32  Edw.  III.,  43. 

Ingham,  alias  Engeham,  Oliver  de  (315)  10  Edw.  L,  4. 

,,  Oliver  de,f  partition  among  heirs  of     18  Edw.  III.,  49. 

Insula,  Emma,  wife  of  Jordan  de  (168)     uncertain,  J  Hen.  III.,  64. 

,,        Amicia,  formerly  wife  of  Baldwin    de,    Earl  of   Devon, 

extentce  terrarum  (348)  12  Edw.  I.,  33. 

,,        Bartholomew  de,  and  Elizabeth  his  wife  19  Edw.  III.,  52. 

Iweyn,  Gilbert,  felo  (589)  28  Edw.  L,  56. 

Joce,  Walter  (113),  Deest  49  Hen.  III.,  2. 

Joan,  Princess  of  Wales,  mother  of  King  Richard  II. 

9  Rich.  II.,  54, 

Kane',  Radulphus  de,  De  escliaeta  (71)  40  Hen.  III.,  39. 

Kayle,  John,  and  Elizabeth  his  wife  7  Rich.  II.,  48. 

„       Thomas,  son  and  heir  of  John  18  Rich.  II.,  26. 

„       Thomas,  son  and  heir  of  John  20  Rich.  II.,  33 

t  Several  Dorset  places  mentioned  though  included  in  Wiltshire. 
J  There  is  another  Inq.  p.m.,  of  Emma  de  Insula  (47),  37  Hen.  III.,  2. 


INQUISITIONES    POST    MORTEM    FOR   DORSET.  29 

Kaynes,  Kayhanes,  Letitia  de  (283)  7  Edw.  I.,  28. 

Robert  de  (317)  10  Edw.  L,  16. 

„         Kobert  de,  pro  William  de  Kaynes,  Inq.  ad  q.  d.  (727) 

34  Edw.  L,  213. 

Wm.  de,  pro  Galfrid  de  Donecherche    3  Edw.  III.,  38.* 

William  de  18  Edw.  III.,  20. 

,,         Thomas,  son  and  heir  of  John  22  Edw.  III.,  59. 

„         Keynes,  Margaret  de  1st  pt.,  35  Edw.  III.,  108. 

„  „        John  de  40  Edw.  III.,  22. 

„  „        John,  son  of  de  K.,  chev.,  and  Wentiliana  his 

sister  50  Edw.  III.,  35. 

Elizabeth  9  Rich.  II.,  29. 

,,  „        John,  senior  7  Hen.  V..  69. 

,,  ,,        John,  junior  8  Hen.  V.,  95. 

„  „        William,  null  tenuit  terr'      38-39  Hen,  VI.,  19. 

John  20  Edw.  IV.,  75. 

Kelway,  William,  arm.  9-10  Edw.  IV.,  9. 

Kemesey,  John  de,  deest  2nd  pt.,  23  Edw.  III.,  22. 

Kemys,  John  16  Edw.  IV.,  56. 

„         John  and  Margaret,  his  wife  17  Edw.  IV.,  16. 

Margaret  17  Edw.  IV.,  16. 

Kendale,   Isabella,   wife  of  John 

8  Hen.  IV.,  58,  2  Hen.  V.,  17. 

Kent,  Kane',  Ralph  de,  De  escliaeta  (71)  40  Hen.  III.,  39. 

„       Joan  of,  Princess  of  Wales,  mother  of  Richard  II. 

9  Rich.  II.,  54. 
,,       Earl  of,  Thomas  de  Holand,  and  Alesia,  his  wife 

20  Rich.  II.,  30. 

KentCOmbe,  Christina  1  Hen.  IV.,  57. 

Keynes,  see  Kaynes. 
Knoyle,  Knoyell  Thomas,  pro  Abbey  of  Sherborne 

35  Edw.  III.,  37.* 

Thomas  20  Edw.  IV.,  63. 

Kyngeston,  Robert  de,  Decanus   de   cap.   de    St.    Cutberge   in 

Wymborn  Minster  App.  21  Edw.  III.,  71. 


30  INQUISITIONES    POST    MORTEM    FOR    DORSET. 

Lacy,  Earl  of  Lincoln,  Henry  and  Margaret  Longespee,  formerly 

his  wife  4  Edw.  II,  51. 

Joan,  wife  of  Henry  L.,  Earl  of  Lincoln      16  Edw.  II.,  13. 

Lancaster,  Duke  of,   Edmund  Plantagenet,  Inq.  ad  q.  d.,    pro 

Sororibus  Minorissis  extra  Algate, London 

(486)  22  Edw.  L,  49. 

„  „          Edmund  Plantagenet  (541,  548) 

25  Edw.  L,  51,  127. 
,,  „          Henry  Plantagenet 

Istpt.,  35  Edw.  III.,  122. 

„  Matilda,  dau.  and  coh.'of  Henry  Plantagenet  and  wife 

of  William,  Duke  of  Bavaria 

1st  pt.,  36  Edw.  III.,  37. 

Lange  blandford,  capell  de,  per   Stephen    Derby,   chev.,    and 
Avice  his  wife    2nd  pt.,  15  Rich.  II.,  119. 

LatimeP,  Latymer,  John  de,  and  Joan  his  wife    10  Edw.  III.,  15. 

Joan,  wife  of  John,  chev.      20  Edw.  III.,  40. 

„         Margaret,  wife  of  William,  dau.  and  heir  of  John  Maury, 

prolatio  cdatis  29  Edw.  III.,  59. 

,,  ,,          Katherine,  wife  of  Robert,  chev. 

36  Edw.  III.,  38.* 

Robert,  chev.  40  Edw.  III.,  61.* 

„  ,,          Robert,  chev.,  and  Katherine  his  wife 

5  Rich.  II.,  36. 
,,  „          John,  arm.,  nuW  tenuit  terr' 

38-39  Hen.  VI.,  7. 

„         Nicholas,  mil.,  attainted  5  Edw.  IV.,  39. 

Laundy,   Stephen,  see  Crukern,  Cecilia 
Leg"h,  David  de,  pro  Sherborne  Abbey  Inq.  ad  q.  d.  (430) 

19  Edw.  L,  55. 

Lekford,  Richard  de,  et  aliis,  pro  Shaftesbury  Abbey,  Inq.  ad  q.  d. 
(741)  35  Edw.  1.,  85. 

Lenard,  John,  of  Neunmlle  8  Edw.  III.,  23.* 

LeSCPOp',  Philipa,  wife  of  Henry,  of  Massan,  chev.    8  Hen.  IV.,  54. 
LeSSington,  Robert  de,  extenta  manerii  (27)         34  Hen,  III.,  9. 


INQUISITIONES   POST   MORTEM    FOR   DORSET.  31 

Lestrange,  Lestraunge,  Elizabeth,  widow  of  Richard,  mil. 

nuW  tenuit  terr'  32  Hen.  VI.,  18. 

„  le  Straunge,  Richard,  mil.  33  Hen.  VI.,  12. 

,,  see  also  Straunge. 

LeukeilOPe,  Katherine  Arundel,  formerly  wife  of  Roger 

19Edw.  IV.,  47. 
Levisham,  John  8  Hen.  V.,  57. 

Leye,  John,  arm.  31  Hen.  VI.,  25. 

LeyeS,  Alice,  wife  of  Galfrid  de  5  Edw.  II.,  59. 

Leyot,  William  17  Edw.  IV.,  17. 

Lichfield  and  Coventry,  Roger,  Bishop  of,  mentions  James  and 
John  De  la  lynde  (527)          24  Edw.  L,  75. 

Lincoln,  Alured,  alias  Alfred  de  (110)  48  Hen.  III.,  19. 

,,         Earl  of,  Henry  Lacy  and  Margaret  Longespee,  formerly 

his  wife  4  Edw.  II.,  51. 

,,         Joan,  wife  of  Henry  Lacy,  Earl  of          16  Edw.  II.,  13. 

„         Countess  of,  Alesia  22  Edw.  III.,  34. 

Lisle,  Lysle,  John  de,  and  Matilda  his  wife          45  Edw.  III.,  38. 

„          „      John,  mil.  9  Hen.  IV.,  49. 

„  „      John,  arm.  7  Hen.  VI.,  42. 

„      John,  Viscount  32  Hen.  VI.,  38. 

„       John,  mil.  11  Edw.  IV.,  59. 

Littleton,  Nicholas  de,  De  messuagiis,  $c.  (273,  311) 

6  Edw.  I.,  84;  9  Edw.  L,  51. 
Lomer,  John  14  Rich.  II.,  34. 

London,   Bishop  of,  Robert,  pro  Tarrant  Abbey 

12  Rich.  II.,  141. 

„         Robert  de,  Inq.  ad  q.  d.  22  Hen.  VI.,  3. 

Long"  Blandford,    Lange  blandford,    Capella   de,    per  Stephen 
Derby,  chev.,  and  Avice  his  wife 

2nd  pt.,  15  Rich.  II.,  119. 

Longespee,  Margaret,  see  Lacy  4  Edw.  II.,  51. 

Loveras,  Loveraz,  Matilda  de,  De  terra,  $c.  (384)     15  Edw.  L,  59. 

Luveraz,  Richard  de  (533)  25  Edw.  L,  15. 

Alice,  wife  of  Stephen  17  Edw.  III.,  53. 


32  INQUISITIONES    POST   MORTEM    FOR    DORSET. 

Lovel,  Richard,  chev.  25  Edw.  III.,  63. 

„       John,  chev.,  in  right  of  his  wife  Matilda,  dau.  of  Robert 

de  Holand  9  Hen.  IV.,  29. 

„       Lovel],  Robert  of  Ramesham,  utlagati        23  Hen.  VI.,  54. 

Lucy,  Robert,!  son  of  Herbert  de  (105)  47  Hen,  III.,  23. 

Luda,  Lude,  Thomas  de,  Inq.  ad  q.  d.  (648)          31  Edw.  I.,  105. 

„      Thomas  de,  and  Alianor  his  wife,  pro  Abbottsbury  Abbey 

Inq.  ad  q.  d.  (701)  33  Edw.  I.,  242. 

Lullworth,  Reginald  Fitz  William,  son  of  William  de  (92) 

45  Hen.  III.,  6. 

„  William,  son  of  Reginald  de  (277)  7  Edw.  L,  4. 

Lutterell,  Hugh,  chev.  6  Hen.  VI.,  32. 

„  John,  mil.,  and  Margaret  his  wife          9  Hen.  VI.,  51. 

„  James,  mil.  1  Edw.  IV.,  43. 

Lydyard,  Thos.,  feoff,  per  Edm.  Everard,  chev.    39  Edw.  III.,  28.* 

Lyme,  Town  of,  Inquisition  touching  the  liberties  of,  per  John  de 

Maundevill  and  Alice  de  Tynten  (507,  544) 

23  Edw.  L,  71,  25  Edw.  L,  104. 
,,        Lym,  William,  vicar  of,  per  William  Dare,  capellanus 

2  Edw.  III.,  136.* 

,,        Burgesses  of  town  of  14  Edw.  III.,  82.* 

„  ,,  de  statu  ejusdem  1  Rich.  II.,  141. 

„        Town  of,  Inquis'  de  taxatione  3  Rich.  II.,  102. 

Lynd,  de  la,  see  De  la  Lynd. 
Lysle,  see  Lisle. 

Malet,  Lucy,  wife  of  Richard  44  Edw.  III.,  43. 

Mandeville,  Maundevill,  John,  son  of  Galfrid  (240)   4  Edw.  L,  48. 

„  ,,         John  de,  and  Alice  de  Tinten  (507) 

23  Edw.  I,  71. 

,,  „         John  de,  and  Alice  de  Tynten,  touching  the 

liberties  of  Lyme  (544)  25  Edw.  I..  104. 

„  „         John  de,  lie. feoff.,  pro  Robert  de  Fitzpayn, 

Inq.  ad  q.  d.  (696)     33  Edw.  L,  182. 

„  Maundevyle,  Robert  de  22  Edw.  III.,  13. 

„  Maundeville,  John  de  34  Edw.  III.,  41. 

t  Several  Dorset  places  mentioned  though  entered  in  Wiltshire. 


INQUISITIONES   POST  MORTEM    FOR    DORSET.  33 

.Maimeston,  Richard  de,  pro  Abbey  of  Shaftesbury,  Inq.  ad  q.  d. 

(382,  383)  15  Edw.  L,  42,  57. 

„  „  pro  Abbey  of  Shaftesbury,  Inq.  ad  q.  d. 

(421)  18  Edw.  I.,  88. 

Manyngford,  "Roger  de,  per  John  de  Streth,mil.  28  Edw.  III.,  48.* 

Manyton,  manor  of,  pro  Domine  Rege       App.  48  Edw.  III.,  80. 

March,  Earl  of,  Roger  de  Mortuo  Mari  (Mortimer)  22  Rich.  II.,  34. 

„  ,,      Edmund  de  Mortuo  Mari  (Mortimer)  3  Hen.  VI.,  32. 

„       Countess  of,  Anna,widowof  Edmund,  Earl  of  1 1  Hen.  VI.,  39. 

MareSCall,  see  Marshall. 

Marleberg,  Thomas  de,  pro  2  capellani  2  Edw.  TIL,  91.* 

„  Marlebergh,  John,  son  of  .William  de  29  Edw.  III.,  23.* 

William,  null'  tenuit  terr'  30  Edw.  III.,  7. 

Marmyon,  John,  chev.,  and  Elizabeth  his  wife     10  Rich.  II.,  26. 

Marshall,  Marescall,  Richard  le  (211)  2  Edw.  L,  23. 

„  Mareshall,    Walter,    Earl  of  Pembroke,    temp.    Henry 

III.  40  Edw.  III.,  53.* 

Martel,  Roger  (294)  8  Edw.  L,  15. 

Roger  4  Edw.  III.,  61.* 

Martin,  Martyne,  William,  son  of  William          19  Edw.  II.,  100. 

Martyn,  Nicholas,  20  Edw.  II.,  38. 

Robert,  chev.  50  Edw.  III.,  40. 

Gilbert,  pro  By  ndon  Abbey  2ndpt.,  15Rich.II.,53. 

Matravers,  Mautravers,  John  (536)  25  Edw.  I.,  33. 

,,  John  and  John  Deverel  and  Elizabeth  his  wife 

5  Edw.  III.,  81.* 

,,  Mautravers,  John,  son  of  John  Istpt.,  23  Edw.  III.,  25. 

„  ,,          John  chev.  de  assignac'  dotis  of  Agnes 

his  wife  38  Edw.  III.,  27. 

„  „          John,  son  of  John,  feoff.  Robert,  parson 

of  Crowell  39  Edw.  III.,  8.* 

„  ,,          Agnes,  wife  of  John.  sen. 

2nd  pt.,  49  Edw.  III.,  17. 
„  ,,  John,  chev,,  and  Elizabeth  his  wife 

9  Rich.  II.,  35,  10  Rich.  II.,  25. 

,,  „          Alia  nor,    wife   of   John  Arundell,    sen., 

chev.,    prius    nupt.    R.    Cobham,    de 
Sherburdi  6  Hen.  IV.,  31. 


34  INQUISITIONES    POST   MORTEM    FOR    DORSET. 

Matthew,  Matheu,  William  7  Rich.  II.,  57. 

„  Mathowe,  John,  son  and  heir  of  William 

prob.  cetatis  App.  8  Rich.  II.,  143. 

,,  Mathen,  John,  son  and  heir  of  William  9  Rich.  II.,  34. 

William  9  Rich.  IL,  141. 

Maubank,  Philip,  kin  and  heir  of  Philip,  probatio  catatis 

App.  6  Edw.  III.,  77. 

Philip  17  Edw.  III.,  69. 

Maundevill,  see  Mandeville 

Maury,  Richard,  see  Milton  Abbey  25  Edw.  III.,  39.* 

John  de  25  Edw.  III.,  64. 

,,        Margaret,  dau.  and  heir  of  John,  wife  of  William  Latimer 

probatio  cetatis  29  Edw,  III.,  59. 

Mautravers,  see  Matravers. 

Mawne,  Mone  als,  John  19  Edw.  IV.,  51. 

Maxtoke,  Prior  of,  see  Glanvil,  Sibella  18  Edw.  III.,  90a.* 

May  den  Newton,  parson  of  8  Rich.  II.,  137. 

Meleombe,  Borough  of  41  Edw.  III.,  50.* 

Melebury,  Roger  le  Couk  de  3  Edw.  III.,  54. 

Melkesham,  Peter  de,  pro  Dean  of  Sarum 

2nd  pt.,  16  Rich.  IL,  28. 
Mere,  John  de,  and  Alianor  his  wife,  per  Richard  Scammel 

8  Edw.  III.,  20.* 
„      Meere,  Cantaria  de,  per  John  de  Bettesthorne 

22  Rich.  IL,  99. 

Meriet,  John  and  Mary  de  1  Edw.  III.,  51. 

John,  chev.  2nd  pt.,  49  Edw.  III.,  15. 

MersheWOOd,  De  reparatione  pontis  ibidem. 

App.  8  Rich.  IL,  145. 

Meysy,  Robert,  pro  Staverdale  Priory  19  Edw.  III.,  39.* 

Middleney,  Ralph  and  Elizabeth  his  wife          25  Edw.  III.,  40.* 

„  Ralph,  chev.,  and  Elizabeth  his  wife,  feoff.  John  cler. 

de  Putteneye  (Pitney,  Som.)      29  Edw.  III.,  54* 

Ralph  de  37  Edw.  III.,  48. 

Middleton  Abbey,  see  Milton  Abbey. 


INQUISITIONES   POST    MORTEM    FOR   DORSET.  35 

Milton  Abbey,  Middleton,  per   Gervase  de  Newebury,  Inq.  ad 

q.  d.  (593)  28  Edw.  L,  125. 

„  „  per  Nicholas  de  Weye  and  William 

de  Wydecombe    2  Edw.  III.,  60.* 

„  „  Richard  Maury,  Abbott,  pro   Thos. 

Gary  25  Edw.  III.,  39.* 

„  Middelton,  per  Walter,  parson  of  Cheselborne 

32  Edw.  III.,  86.* 
„  „  per  Walter  de  Calmescote 

40  Edw.  III.,  41.* 

„  „  per  Edmunde  Strode  7  Rich.  II.,  120. 

,,  Middleton,  per  John  S  peril  a  uke 

2ndpt.  16  Rich.  II.,  126. 

MoeleS,  Nicholas  de,  and  Margaret  his  wife  9  Edw.  II.,  60. 

Moelis,  John  de  11  Edw.  III.,  56. 

„         Margaret,  wife  of  Nicholas      2nd  pt.,  23  Edw.  III.,  1C8. 

Mohun,  John  de  (279)  7  Edw.  I,  13. 

William  de  (318)  10  Edw.  L,  19. 

,,         John  de,  Brevia de  assif/natione dotis(37l )  1 4  Edw.  L,  23. 

William  de,  extentce  terr*  (539)  25  Edw.  I.,  43. 

„         John  de,  de  Hamme,  List  of  Knight' s  fees  5  Edw.  III.,  80. 

„         Joan,  wife  of  John,  chev.  6  Hen.  IV.,  33. 

Moine,  see  Moyne 

Mone  als  Mawne,  John  19  Edw.  IV.,  51. 

MonmOUth,  Munemuth,  John  de  41  Hen.  III.,  3. 

Montagu,  Monte  Acuto,  William  de,  and  Elizabeth  his  wife 

13  Edw.  II.,  31. 
„  „  William  de,  Earl  of  Salisbury 

18  Edw.  III.,  51. 

„  „  Katherine,  wife  of  William  de  M.,  Earl 

of  Salisbury  2nd  pt.  23  Edw.  III.,  58. 

„         Montague,  John  le  Fitz,  chev.,  and  Matilda  his  wife, 
formerly  wife  of  Alan  Buxhull  7  Rich.  II.,  83. 

,,         Monte  Acuto,  William  de,  Earl  of  Salisbury 

20  Rich.  IL,  35. 


36  IXQUISITIONES   POST   MORTEM    FOR   DORSET. 

Montagu,  Monte  Acuto,  John  de,  Earl  of  Salisbury    1  Hen.  IV.,  2. 

„  ,,  Thomas,  Earl  of    Salisbury,   Inq.    super 

forisfaduram  10  Hen.  IV,,  54. 

„  „  Elizabeth,  wife  of  William,  Earl  of  Salis- 

bury 2  Hen.  V..  39. 

Richard,  chev.  8  Hen.  VI.,  39. 

,,         Montague,  William,  arm.;  null'  tenuit  terr' 

1  Rich.  III.,  16. 
Monte  AeutO,  see  Montagu. 

MonteCUte,  Monte  Acuto,  Prior  of,   co.  Somerset,  extenta   terr' 

(311)  9  Edw.  I.,  47. 

„  ,,  Prior  of,  co.  Somerset,  extenta   terr' 

7  Rich.  II.,  127. 
„  Montague,  Prior  of,  co.  Somerset,  extenta  terr' 

deest  1  Edw.  IV.,  48. 

MontfOPt,  Monteforti,  Alice,  wife  of  Simon  de   40  Edw.  III.,  53.* 

More,  Richard,  of  Pykyet,  and  Elizabeth  his  wife    1 1  Hen.  VI.,  26. 

.,      Joan,  widow  of  Robert,  arm.  15  Hen.  VI.,  6. 

Mortesthorn,    Nicholas  de,  per  William  Russell,  Inq.  ad  q.  d. 

(722)  34  Edw.  L,  130. 

Nichola,  wife  of  Nicholas  de          3  Edw.  III.,  43. 

Mortimer,  Mortuo  Mari,  Edmund  and  Margaret  his  wife  (668) 

32  Edw.  L,  63. 

Agatha  de  (713)  34  Edw.  L,  38. 

„  »  Roger  de  34  Edw.  III.,  86. 

Roger  de,  Earl  of  March  22  Rich.  II.,  34. 
„  Mortymer,  Edmund,  chev.,  and  John,  melius  inquir' 

7  Edw.  V.,  76. 

„  Mortuo  Mari,  Edmund  Earl  of  March  3  Hen.  VI.,  32. 

Anna,  widow  of  Edmund,  Earl  of  March  1 1  Hen.  VI.,  39. 
Edmund,  chev.  16  Hen.  VI.,  24. 

Mortuo  Mari,  see  Mortimer. 

Morvile,  John  7  jjen  y   4 

Moulisshe,  Martin,  and  John  Seys,  capellani,  pro  Win.  Plusshe, 
parson  of  Ramesham  40  Edw.  III.,  24.* 


INQUISITIONES    POST   MORTEM    FOR   DORSET.  37 

Mount  Carmel,  Abbey  of,  Wales,  per  John  Chidyok,  chev. 

39  Edvv.  III.,  17.* 

Moyne,  Moynge,  William  de  (499)  23  Edw.  I.,  32. 

„        Moigne,  Henry  le  8  Edw.  II.,  39. 

»  „        John  le  2  Edvv.  III.,  58.* 

„        John  de  and  Juliana  his  wife  16  Edw.  III.,  18. 

„        Henry,  son  and  heir  of  John  24  Edw.  III.,  136. 

„       John,  son  and  heir  of  Henry,  probatio  cetatis 

49  Edw.  III.,  99, 

„        Moigne,  Henry,  mil.  2nd  pt.,  49  Edw.  III.,  16. 

Mueheldevere,  Richard,  pro  capel.  de  Ryme     12  Rich.  II.,  147. 
Mulpayn,  Thomas,  and  Matilda  his  wife  26  Edw.  III.,  16.* 

Mundene,  John  de,  and  Christina  his  wife        22  Edw.  III.,  25.* 
Munemuth,  alias  Muaemue,  Monmouth,  John  de  (73) 

41  Hen.  III.,  3. 

Murdae,  Alice,  and  Osbertusand  Isabella  Gilford,  extentaterr*  (18) 

31  Hen.  III.,  41. 

Neville,  Joan  de  (104)  47  Hen.  III.,  18. 

Newburgh,  Novoburgo,  Robert  de,  extenta  ten*  (12) 

30  Hen.  III.,  33. 
,,  ,,  Henry  de,  De  homagio  (205) 

1  Edw.  I,  64. 

„  „  John  2  Edw.  II.,  89. 

Robert  de  12  Edw.  II.,  2. 

,,  Hawisia,  wife  of  Thomas  5  Rich.  II.,  45. 

„  Nebourgh,  John,  nuW  tenuit  terr'     22  Hen.  VI.,  44. 

John  1  Rich.  III.,  41. 

NewebUPy,  Gervase,  pro  Middleton  (Milton)  Abbey,  Inq.  ad  q.  d. 

(593)  28  Edw.  I.,  125. 

Nicholas    de    Crauford,    parson    of    Gillingham,    Gillinghain 

Forest  tithes  of  venison  (247)  4  Edw.  I.,  92. 

Northampton,   William  de  Bohun,  Earl  of        34  Edw.  III.,  85. 

Northumberland,  Alianora,  Countess  of  1  Rich.  III.,  26. 

Norton,  James  de  3  Edw.  III.,  45. 

Thomas  de  20  Edw.  Ill,  23. 


38  iNQUlSITIOKES    fOSt    MORTEM    FOR   DORSET. 

Norwich,  Bishop  of,  Richard  Courtney  3  Hen.  VI.,  24. 

Not,  Galfrid,  see  Fighelton  32  Edw.  III.,  1.* 

Notingham,  Alice  de  (199)  1  Edw.  I.,  26. 

NovobUFgO,  see  Newburgh. 

Oldelond,  John  de,  see  Robert  de  Assheton  41  Edw.  III.,  20.* 
Ormond,  Amicia,  wife  of  James,  prol.  cetatis  16  Hen.  VI.,  68. 
Othe,  Thomas  16  Hen.  VI.,  16. 

Oxford,  Earl  of,  John  Veer,  per  Robert  and  Elizabeth  Fitzpayn 

33  Edw.  III.,  8.* 

„  „         John  de  Vere  34  Edw,  III.,  84. 

PaganilS,  see  Fitzpayn. 

Panes,  John,  son  of  Robert  de,  idiota     2nd  pt.,  36  Edw.  III.,  16. 
,,  .,  ,,  „  fatuus  et  idiota       3  Rich.  II.,  48. 

Paulet,  John,  chev.,  and  Margaret  his  wife 

Istpt.,  15  Rich.  II.,  54. 

,,        Poulet,  John  and  Thomas  his  brother          1  Hen.  V.,  54. 

Pauneefoot,  Paunsefete,  Walter,  null'  tenuit  terr'  20  Hen.  VI.,  5. 

Paunton,  Juliana  de  11  Edw.  III.,  9. 

Payne,  Payn,  Bartholomew  6  Edw.  III.,  16. 

„  „      Edward,  chev.  11  Rich  II.,  42. 

„      William  12  Rich.  II.,  42. 

William  8  Hen.  VI.,  32. 

„        Payn,  Agnes,  wife  of  William  12  Hen.  VI.,  34. 

9)  „      Walter,  probatio  cetatis  12  Hen.  VI.,  54. 

William  14  Hen,  VI.,  39. 

Paynel,  Paynell,  John  (237)  4  Edw.  I.,  34. 

John  (380)  15  Edw.  L,  27. 

„        Paynell,  Katherine  (530)  24  Edw.  L,  116. 

Philip  (571)  27  Edw.  L,  51. 

„        Paynell,  Thomas  7  Edw.  II.,  34. 

„        John,  son  and  heir  of  Philip  12  Edw.  II.,  65. 

John  18  Edw.  II.,  60. 

„        Elizabeth,  wife  of  Philip  19  Edw.  III.,  19, 

PeCChe,  John,  Lord  of  Hampton  in  Arden,  co.  Warwick 

2  Edw.  III.,  60. 


INQUISITIONES   POST    MORTEM    FOR   DORSET.  39 

Pembroke,  Earl  of,  William  de  Valencia  (523)      24  Edw.  I.,  56. 
„  „        Adomar  de  Valencia  and  Mary  his  wife 

17  Edw.  II.,  75. 
j,  ,,        Walter  Mareshal,  temp.  Henry  III. 

40  Edw.  III.,  53.* 

Penbrigge,  Hugo,  pro  Abbey  of  Glastonbury  37  Edw.  III.,  62.* 
Pentiz,  alias  de  Apenticio,  alias  Penticio,  William  de  la  (59) 

38  Hen.  III.,  38. 

Perle,  Walter  de,  pro  Twynham  Priory  51  Edw.  III.,  35.* 

5,  ,,          pro  Christchurch  Twyneham  Priory 

14  Rich.  II.,  124. 

PePleS,  Walter,  feoff.,  per  Lawrence  de  St.  Martin,  chev.  8  Rich. II.,  93. 

Peryent,  John,  arm.,  null1  tenuit  ten-1  10  Hen.  VI.,  1. 

Peverel,  Thomas  (713)  34  Edw.  I.,  39. 

,5         Andrew  and  Alice  2  Edw.  III.,  53. 

„  „        chev.  2nd  pt.  49  Edw.  III.,  26. 

„         Katherine,  wife  of  Andrew,  chev.         51  Edw.  III.,  22. 

Phelipp,  John,  chev.  3  Hen.  V.,  42. 

PiCOt,  Bartholomew,  chev.  12  Rich.  II.,  4C, 

Pidele,  Alice  and  Joan,  daughters  and  heirs  of  Henry  de,  probatio 

o?te*w(433)  19  Edw.  1,102. 

Pitney,  Putteneye,  co.  Som.,  John,  parson  of  feoff.,  Ralph  Middle- 

ney,  chev.,  and  Elizabeth  his  wife     29  Edw.  III.,  54.* 

Plantagenet,  see  Lancaster,  Dukes  of. 

Plecy,  Plessetis,  alias  Plassetis,  alias  Plescis,  alias  Plecetis,  Robert 

de  (603)  29  Edw.  I.,  23. 

John  de  7  Edw.  II.,  5. 

„        Plesey,  Edmund  and  Matilda  de  1  Edw.  III.,  42. 

Plescy,  Nicholas  de,  chev.  31  Edw.  III.,  18. 

Pleycy,  Niclolas  de  2nd  pt.,  36  Edw.  Ill,  15. 

„        John  8  Hen.  IV.,  63. 

.,       John,  son  of  John,  probatio  cetatis  10  Hen.  IV.,  62. 

„        John  4  Hen.  V.,  31. 

Plugenet,  alias  Plogenet,  alias  Plokeneth',  Alan  de  (571) 

27  Edw.  I.,  54. 


40  INQUIS1TIONES    POST    MORTEM    FOR    DORSET. 

PluSShe,  William,  parson  of  Ramesham,  per  Martin    Moulisshe 

and  John  Seys  40  Edw.  III.,  24.* 

Pokeswell,  John,  son  and  heir  of  John  and  Alianora,  Inquisitio 

cetatis  9  Hen.  IV.,  53. 

Robert  8  Hen.  VI.,  30. 

John,  arm.,  nuW  tenuit  terr'  13  Edw.  IV.,  10. 

Poole,  Pole,  Borough  of,  Irujuirend*  Dom'  Rex.  15  Edw.  III..  66.* 

Popham,  Henry,  arm.  6  Hen.  V.,  36. 

Portes,  Richard  de,  pro  Cerne  Abbey,  Inq,  ad  q.  d.  (724) 

34  Edw.  I.,  163. 
Poulet,   see  Paulet. 

Poundfold,  John  de,  parson  of  Chiltecombe,  per  Ivo  de  Chilte- 
combe  41  Edw.  Ill,,  19.* 

Poyning'S,  Ponynges,  Isabella,  wife  of  Richard,  chev. 

17  Rich.  II.,  46,  and  22  Rich.  II.,  36. 

PoyntZ,  Poinz,  Nicholas  (198)  1  Edw.  I.,  17. 

Hugh  1  Edw.  II.,  46. 

Nicholas,  Matilda  and  Elizabeth  5  Edw.  II.,  62. 

Hugh  11  Edw.  III.,  43. 

Pulham,   West,  quod   maner'  est  parcell'  fundationis   abbise  de 

Cirencester,  et  concess'  Will'  Houton,  Inq.  ad  q.  d. 

15  Hen.  VI.,  4. 
Pimehardon,  Lucy,  wife  of  Hugh,  daughter  of   Reginald  Fitz 

Peers  8  Hen.  VI.,  29. 

Putteneye,  co.  Som,,  see  Pitney. 

Pyk,  Nicholas,  and  Thomas  his  son  14  Edw.  III.,  13.* 

Queney,  Roger  de,  Earl  of  Wynton,  extenta  feodorum  (150) 

55  Hen.  III.,  36. 

Queyntn,  Walter,  see  St.  Quintin. 

Quitewelle,  see  White  well. 

Rabayne,  Elias  de,  extenta  terr'  (310)  9  Edw.  L,  39. 

„          Elias,  and  Matilda  his  wife,  extenta  maneriorum 

16  Edw.  I.,  39. 
„          Rabayn,  Peter  de,  pro  Roger  le  Guldene 

App.  17  Edw.  II.,  208. 
„          Rabeyn,  Peter  and  Isabella  1  Edw.  III.,  27. 


INQUISITIONES    POST   MORTEM    FOR   DORSET.  41 

Radeslowe,  in  Wynfrith  hundred,  Inquis.  de  taxations 

3  Rich.  IL,  102. 
Ralegh,  Smion,  arm.                                               18  Hen.  VI.,  67. 

,,         Joan,  wife  of  Simon,  arm.,  nulV  tenuit  terr' 

33  Hen.  VI.,  6. 

Rampisham,     Ramesham,    William    Plusshe,    parson    of,    per 
Martin  Moulisshe  and  John  Seys 

40  Edw,  III.,  24.* 

Reigney,  John  20  Edw.  IV.,  87. 

Rempston,  Robert  36  Hen.  VI.,  24. 

„  Robert,  pro  priory  of  Twyneham,  ad  quod  damnum 

26  Hen.  VI.,  7. 

Roeheford,  John  de,  felo  (487)  22  Edw.  I.,  66. 

Roches,  William,  son  of  Richard,  idiota     App.  16  Edw.  III.,  55. 

„         Joan,  wife  of  Richard  de  2nd  pt.  35  Edw.  III.,  49. 

„         Willelma,  wife  of  John,  chev.  12  Hen.  IV.,  38. 

Rodeney,  Alice,  formerly  wife  of  John,  see  Bonvil 

4  Hen.  VI.,  34. 
Roger,  John                                                            20  Hen.  VI.,  32. 

„       John,  senior  28  Hen.  VI,  34. 

„       Thomas,  arm.  11  Edw.  IV.,  63. 

RogeS  als.  Rokes,  John  1 1  Rich.  II.,  45. 

„       John  and  Richard  Avery,  placita  inter  eos 

10  Rich.  IL,  111. 

Rokes  als  Roges,  John  11  Rich.  II.,  45. 

Romesey,  Walter,  chev.  5  Hen.  IV.,  32. 

„  Thomas,  prolatio  cetatis  13  Hen.  IV.,  46. 

Walter,  arm.  7  Hen.  VI.,  26. 

„  Romeseye,  Walter,  son  and  heir  of  Walter,  arm. 

8  Hen.  VI.,  22. 

Rondes,  Michaela,  wife  of  John  20  Edw.  III.,  9. 

ROOS,  William,  of  Hamlak  17  Edw.  III.,  60. 

„       Thomas,  of  Hamlak,  chev.,  and  Beatrix  his  wife 

7  Rich.  IL,  68. 


42  INQUISITIONES   POST   MORTEM    FOR   DORSET. 

Russell,  Robert  (535)  25  Edvv.  I.,  28. 

„          Russel,  William,  pro  Nicholas  Mortesthorn,  Inq.  ad  q.  d. 

(722)  34  Edw.  I.,  130. 

„  „       Ralph,  pro  Alianor  Russel       30  Edw.  III.,  36.* 

Ralph,  chev.  2nd  pt.,  49  Edvv.  Ill,  32. 

„          Russel,  Alesia,  wife  of  Ralph,  chev.  2  Rich.  II.,  46. 

,,          Alice,  wife  of  Ralph,  mil.  1 J  Rich.  II.,  46. 

„          Russel,  Thomas  and  Margery  his  dau.,  heirs  of  Maurice. 

Assignaf  dotis  Johannce  uxori  dicti  Thomce 

10  Hen.  VI.,  39. 

„          Henry,  pro  Guild  St.  George  in  Weymouth,  Inq.  ad  q.  d. 

33  Hen.  VI.,  8. 

Ryme,  Chapel  of,  per  Richard  Mulcheldenere     12  Rich.  II.,  147. 
Saffray,  William  de  18  Edw.  II.,  40. 

St.  George,  William,  chev.  11  Edw.  IV.,  50. 

St.  George's  Guild,  Weymouth,  per  Henry  Russel],  Inq.  ad  q.  d. 

33  Hen.  VI.,  8. 
St.  John,  Thomas,  and  Clemencia,  formerly  his  wife 

10  Hen.  VI,  37. 

„          William,  null'  tenuit  terr'  13  Edw.  IV.,  31. 

„          Margaret,  now  Duchess  of  Somerset      22  Ed\v.  IV.,  7. 

St.  Lo,  Saynt  Lo,  John  26  Hen.  VI.,  25. 

St,  Martin,  Reginald  de  8  Edw.  II.,  58. 

„  Lawrence  de,  and  Sibilla  his  wife      12  Edw.  II.,  49. 

»  »         de,  chev.,  feoff.  Walter  Perles 

8  Rich.  II.,  93. 

»  »         chev.  9  Rich.  II.,  45  and  49. 

St.  Mauro,  see  Seymour. 

St.  Quintin,  Walter,  utlagatus  (403)  17  Edw.  I.,  33. 

„  Herbert  de  (642)  31  Edw.  I.,  28. 

„  Herbert  de  21  Edw.  III.,  50,  and  24  Edw.  III.,  53.* 

„  Margaret,  widow  of  Herbert,   now    wife   of  Roger 

Huse  1st  pt.,  35  Edw.  III.,  99. 


INQUISITtONES    POST   MORTEM    FOR   DORSET.  43 

Salisbury,  Bishop  of,  de  Ubertatesua  infra  manerium  de  Corf  (576) 

27Edvv.  L,  116. 

„  Domus    de    Valle,    scolarum    de    Nova    Sarum,    per 

Richard  de  Wylton,  Inq.  ad  q.  d.  (612) 

29  Edw.  I,  126. 
,,  Dean  of,  per  Peter  de  Melkesham,  capell. 

2nd  pt.,  16  Rich.  II,  28. 

„  Earl  of,  William  de  Monteacuto         18  Edw.  III.,  51. 

„  „       Katherine,  wife  of  William  de  Monte  Acuto 

2nd  pt.,  23  Edw.  III.,  58. 

„  „       William  de  Monte  Acuto        20  Rich.  II..  35. 

„  „       John  de  Monte  Acuto  1  Hen.  IV.,  2. 

3,  „       Thomas  de  Monte  Acuto,  Inquis*  super  foris- 

faduram  10  Hen.  IV.,  54. 

„  „       Elizabeth,  wife  of  William  de  Monte  Acuto 

2  Hen.  V.,  39. 

„       Thomas  7  Hen.  VI.,  57. 

Salmon,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Robert,  sister  and  coheir  of  Nicholas 

le  Walssh  39  Edw.  III.,  22. 

Samboum,   Robert  de,  pro  John  Sonnynghull,  parson  of  Lychet 

Mautravers  45  Edw.  III.,  13.* 

SanctO  Land,  Margaret,  wile  of  John  13  Hen.  IV.,  30. 

SanctO  MaUF,  see  Seymour. 

Sandhull,  John  de,  per  Richard  de  Wyke         2  Edw.  III.,  114.* 

John  de  4  Edw.  III.,  105* 

John  de,  feoff.  Robert  de  S.  27  Edw.  III.,  27.* 

„          Robert  de,  see  John  de  S.  27  Edw.  III.,  27.* 

Scammell,  Richard,  pro  John  de  Mere  and  Alianor  his  wife 

8  Edw.  III.,  20.* 

Scelton,  Henry  de  (149)  55  Hen.  III.,  22. 

Scot,  John,  gen.  8  Edw.  IV.,  26. 

,,     John,  William  Vynyng,  kin  and  heir  of,  probatio  cetatis 

12  Edw.  IV.,  60. 
SergaiUlt,  Robert,  felo  45  Edw.  III.,  61.* 


44  INQU1SITIONES   POST   MORTEM   FOR   DORSET. 

Servington,  Cervington,  Oliver,  arm.  7  Hen.  V.,  45. 

„  „  Oliver,  son  and  heir  of  Oliver,  sen. 

8  Hen.  V.,  65. 

„  David,  arm.  35  Hen.  VI.,  5. 

Seymour,  Nicholas  de  2nd  pt.,  35  Edw.  III.,  52, 

,,          Nicholas,  chev.,  and  Nicholas  his  son 

2nd  pt.,  49  Edw.  III.,  43.* 

„  St.  Mauro,  Richard  de.,  chev.  2  Hen.  IV.,  55. 

„          Saucto  Mauro,  Eichard,  chev.,  and  Maria  his  wife 

10  Her.  IV.,  38. 
„          Semore,  Lord  Zouch  and  William,  mil. 

8  Edw.  IV.,  53. 

Seys,  John,  and  Martin  Moulisshe,  capellani,  pro  William  Plusshe, 
parson  of  Ramesham  40  Edw.  III.,  24.* 

Shaftesbury,  Shafton,  Abbess  of,  De  wrecco  marts  (144) 

54  Hen.  III.,  38. 

,,  Abbess  of,  De  ponte  et  porta  infra  Sarum  reparan- 

dis.  (131)  52  Hen.  III.,  24. 

„  Abbess  of,  per  John  Barrill,  seneschall,  de  diversis 

libertatibus  (303)  8  Edw.  I.,  79. 

,,  Abbess  of,  per  Richard  de  Manneston,  Inq.  ad  q.  d. 

(382,  383)  15  Edw.  L,  42  and  57. 

„  Abbess  of,  per  Richard  de  Manneston,  Inq.  ad  q.  d. 

(421)  18  Edw.  L,  88. 

„  Abbey,  Inq.  ad  q.  d.  (673)  32  Edw.  I.,  166. 

„  „       per  Richard  de  Lekford  Inq.  ad  q.  d.  (741) 

35  Edw.  I.,  85. 

„  Abbess  of,  Inq.  ad  q.  d.  (742)          35  Edw.  L,  99. 

„  Abbess  of,  per  William  de  Grundevell 

1  Edw.  III.,  113.* 
„  Borough  of,  extent'  ex  libra  de  Domesday e 

6  Rich.  II.,  85. 
„  Abbey  of  2nd  pt.,  15  Rich.  II.,  156. 


INQUISITIONES   POST   MORTEM   FOR   DORSET.  45 

Sherborne,  Shirburne,   A  bbey    of,   per  David   de   Leghe, 

Inq.  ad  q.  d.  (430)  19  Edw.  I.,  55. 

„  „  „  John    de    Briggewater,   por 

11  Edw.  III.,  19.* 
,,  Shirbourne          ,,  pro  Domine  Rege 

App.  16  Edw.  III.,  58b. 
„  St.  Augustine's  Abbey,  per  Robert  de  Bradeford 

17  Edw.  III.,  16.* 

„  Abbey  of,  per  Thomas  Knoyell      35  Edw.  III.,  37.* 

„  „         per  Peter  de  Coryndon 

2nd  pt.,  16  Rich.  IT.,  117. 
„  ,,         Robert,  Abbott  of,  extent'  terr' 

2  Hen.  V.,  41. 

„  .,         ad  quod  damnum  28  Hen.  VI.,  32. 

,,  Domo  Elemosinar'  de,  per  Win.  Combe,  Inq.  ad  q.  d. 

32  Hen.  VI.,  4. 

Somerset,  Earl  of,  John  Beaufort  11  Hen.  IV.,  44. 

Duke  of,  Edmund  Beaufort  33  Hen.  VI.,  38. 

„         Henry  Beaufort,  attainted      5  Edw.  IV.,  38. 
„  Duchess  of,  Margaret,  formerly  St.  John 

22  Edw.  IV.,  7. 

Sonnynghall,  see  Sunnynghall. 
Southampton  and  Dorset,  Counties  of,  perambulation 

App.  18  Edw.  III.,  57. 

Sparewe,  John  5  Hen.  V.,  35. 

Sperhauke,  John,  per  Abbey  of  Middleton 

2ndpt.,  16  Rich.  II.,  126. 

Stafford,  Humphrey,  mil.,  and  Elizabeth  his  wife     1  Hen.  V.,  41. 

John,  mil.,  Lord  of  Botreaux  6  Hen.  VI.,  39. 

Humphrey,  mil.,  null'  tenuit  terr'  20  Hen.  VI.,  9. 

Humphrey,  Earl  of  Devon  9  and  10  Edw.  IV.,  30. 

Stane,  Christina,  wife  of  Peter  de  12  Edw.  II.,  27. 

Stanley,  Thomas  4  Edw.  IV.,  46  and  47. 

Staunton,  William,  arm.,  null'  tenuit  terr'  7  Hen.  V.,  5. 

Staverdale  Priory,  per  Robert  Meysy         19  Edw.  III.,  39.* 


46  INQUISITIONES   TOST   MORTEM    FOR   DORSET. 

Sterne,  Robert  37  Hen.  VI.,  3. 

Thomas  1  Edw.  IV.,  6. 

,,         Henry,  brother  and  heir  of  Thomas,  dec.      12  Edw.  IV.,  5. 

Stoke-jUXta-Bindon,  town  of,  Inq.  de  taxat.     3  Rich.  II.,  102. 

Stokes,  William  de,  De  cmtodia  terrarum  (486)     22  Edw.  I.,  61. 

Stopham,  Radulplms  de  (152)  56  Hen.  III.,  4. 

Storke,  Alice,  wife  of  John,  dec.  14  Edw.  IV.,  12. 

Stoure,  Christiana  de  21  Edw.  III.,  18. 

StOUFton,  William  1  Hen.  V.,  49. 

John  de,  mil.  2  Edw.  IV.,  18, 

William  de,  mil.  17  Edw.  IV.,  55. 

Stradlingf,  Joan,  wife  of  John,  mil.  35  Hen.  VI.,  6. 

Joan  20  Edw.  IV.,  52. 

Straunge,  Ebulo  le,  and  Alesia  his  wife  9  Edw.  III.,  42. 

„  ,         see  also  Le  Strange 

Strech,  John,  son  and  heir  of  John,  prob.  cet.   36  Edw.  III.,  147. 

Strettche,  John,  mil.  14  Rich.  II.,  42. 

„         Streeche,  John  6  Hen.  V.,  10. 

StPeth,  John,  mil.,  pro  Roger  de  Manyngford    28  Edw.  III.,  48.* 

Strode,  Edmund,  pro  Abbey  of  Middleton  7  Rich.  II.,  120. 

John  20  Edw.  IV.,  23. 

Stucle,  Elizabeth,   wife    of   Richard   S.,  formerly  wife   of   John 

Bonville  2  Hen.  V.,  18. 

StureS,  Sibilla,  wife  of  John  de  2nd  pt.,  23  Edw.  III.,  69. 

Sturminster  Marshall,    De   delapidationibus   in    ecclesia    siue 

Redoria  de,  et  in  Charlteton  juxta 

Spettesbury   pertin'    didce    ecdesice, 

Inq.  adq.d.  19  Hen.  VI.,  11. 

Stykelane,  Edward,  pro  Cerne  Abbey     2nd  pt.,  15  Rich.  II.,  73. 

Sunny  rig-hull,  John  6  Edw.  III.,  31. 

„  Sonninghull,  John,  parson  of  Lychet  Matravers, 

for  Robert  Samborn  45  Edw.  Ill,  13.* 

Surrey,  Earl  of,  John  de  Warenna  21  Edw.  III.,  58. 

,,  ,,        Joan,  wife  of  John  de  Warenna 

2nd  pt.,  35  Edw.  III.,  79. 


INQUISITIONES   POST   MORTEM    FOR   DORSET.  47 

Syfrewast,  see  Cifrewast. 

Syward,  Roger  12  Rich.  II.,  48. 

John  22  Rich.  IL,  43. 

John  3  Hen.  IV.,  38. 

,,          John,  Inq.  ad  inquir.  qui  sunt  heredes  de  5  Hen.  IV.,  6. 
Taillard,  Agatha,  by  gift  of  Alianor,  Countess  of  Winton. 

(Writ  is  of  31st  year.)  34  Edw.  I.,  15. 

Tarent  Abbey,  per  Thomas  Baret  20  Edw.  III.,  49.* 

„  „         per  Walter  Waleys,  canon        23  Edw.  III.,  33.* 

„  11  Rich.  IL,  62. 

„  ,,         per  Robert,  Bishop  of  London     12  Rich.  IL,  141. 

„  ,,         per  Guido  de  Bryan,  chev.         13  Rich.  IL,  141. 

Tewkesbury  Abbey,  pro  Twynham  Abbey 

40  Edw.  III.,  60  and  62.* 

„  „  7  Rich.  IL,  85. 

13  Rich.  IL,  95. 

Thame,  Egidia,  widow  17  Edw.  IV.,  31. 

Thomer,  William,  capellanus  3  Rich.  IL,  82. 

Tidilmynton,  see  Tydilmynton. 
Tilly,  William,  son  of  Richard,  pro  Abbot  of  Glastonbury 

6  Edw.  III.,  4a.* 
Tinten,  Alice  de,  see  Mandevelle,  John  de  (507  and  544) 

23  Edw.  I.,  71.,  and  25  Edw.  L,  104. 

Tiptop,  John,  mil.  21  Hen.  VI.,  45. 

Toftes,  Clement,  Prior  of  *  7  Rich.  IL,  108. 

Toner,  Henry  2nd  pt.,  36  Edw.  III.,  57. 

,,        Nicholas,  son  and  heir  of  Henry,  probatio  cetatis 

App.  7  Rich.  IL,  182. 

Torney,  Walter  14  Edw.  IV.,  3. 

TOUP,  John  de  la,  see  Delalynde,  John  (193)  1  Edw.  II.  2  (bis). 
„  Tur,  John  de  la  (208)  2  Edw.  L,  8. 

Turn,  John  de,  De  custodia  terrce.  (226)  3  Edw.  L,  44. 
„  Turn,  John  de  (296)  8  Edw.  L,  30. 

,,  Towre,  John  de  la,  and  Juliana  his  wife  14  Edw.  III.,  20. 

John  de  la  15  Edw.  III.,  30. 


48  INQUISITIONES   POST   MORTEM   FOR   DORSET. 

Trevet,  John,  mil.  9  Rich.  II.,  100. 

Trowe,  John,  capell.,  pro  Robert  de  Assheton    41  Edw.  III.,  20.* 
Tryl,  Walter  de  2  Edw.  III.,  142. 

TUP,  see  Tour. 

Turberville,  John  de,  and  Isabella  his  wife  7  Edw.  II.,  43. 

Richard  de,  mil.  2nd  pt.,  36  Edw.  III.,  60. 

„  Robert,  son  and  heir  of  Richard,  prolatio  cetatis 

50  Edw.  III.,  94. 

„  Robert,  chev.  5  Hen.  VI.  17. 

Turbervyle,  William  29  Hen.  VI.,  22. 

John  36  Hen.  VI.,  26. 

Tuples,  Robert,  nulV  tenuit  terr'  1  Edw.  IV.,  59. 

Turri,  see  Tour. 

Twyneham,  Priory  of,  per  Elias  Deverel  6  Edw.  III.,  97.* 

„          per  Drugo  Bardolf,  sen.  29  Edw.  Ill,  27.* 
,,  ,,          per  Teukesbury  Abbey 

40  Edw.  III.,  62  and  62.* 

„  „          co.  Hants  14  Rich.  IL,  80. 

per  Walter  de  Perle        14  Rich.  IL,  124. 
„  ,,  per  John  Boys,  parson  of  Ham  Mohun 

2ndpt.,  16  Rich.  IL,  87. 
per  Walter  de  Perle      51  Edw.  III.,  35.* 
,,  ,,          per  Robert  Reinpston,  Inq.  ad  q.  d. 

26  Hen.  VI.,  7. 

Tybbe,  Richard,  parson.of  Frome  Whytefeld     33  Edw.  III.,  30.* 
Tydilmynton,  John  de,  pro  Abbey  of  Abbotsbury 

20  Edw.  III.,  11  * 

„  John  de,  clericus  21  Edw.  III.,  13.* 

John  de  22  Edw.  III.,  12. 

Tyrell,  Hugh  17  Edw.  III.,  41. 

„        Margery,  wife  of  Hugh  18  Edw.  III.,  5. 

John  34  Edw.  III.,  66. 

UffOPd,  Ralph  de  20  Edw.  III.,  15. 

Uphill,  in  hundred  of  Wynfrith,  Inq.  de  tax.        3  Rich.  IL,  102. 

VaggeSCOmbe,  Robt.  de,  see  Hugh  de  Courtney    47  Ed.  III.,  65.* 


INQUISITIONES    POST    MORTEM    FOR   DORSET.  49 

Valencia,  William  de,  Earl  of  Pembroke,  and  Mary  his  wife  (523) 

24  Edw.  I.,  56. 
,,          Adomar  de,  Earl  of  Pembroke,  and  Mary  his  wife 

17  Edw.  II.,  75. 

Valle   de   Nova   Sarum,  Dornus   de   Scolarum,  per  Richard   de 
Wylton  (612)  29  Edw.  I.,  126. 

Veer,  see  Vere. 

Verdon,  Elizabeth  de  Burgo,  wife  of  Theobald  de  34  Edw.  III.,  83. 

Vere,  Veer,  John  de,  Earl  of  Oxford,  per  Robert   and  Elizabeth 

Fitzpayn  33  Edw.  III.,  8* 

„         „       John  de.  Earl  of  Oxford  34  Edw.  IIL,  84. 

Vescy,  Isabella,  wife  of  John  de  5  Edw.  II.,  46. 

„       Clemencia  de  18  Edw.  III.,  48. 

Veylle,  Hubert  la  (621)  30  Edw.  I.,  22. 

Veyni,  John  le,  pro  Abbotsbury  Abbey,  Inq.  ad  q.  d.  (383,  431) 

15  Edw.  I.,  55,  and  19  Edw.  L,  74. 

Vining1,  Vynyng,  William,  kin  and  heir  of  John   Scott,  probatio 
cetatis  12  Edw.  IV.,  60. 

Vivonia,  (Vinonia,  sic),  Joan,  wife  of  Reginald,  Fitz  Peter 

8  Edw.  II.,  42. 

Wadham,  John  chev.  13  Hen.  IV.,  39, 

William,  null'  tenuit  terr'  30  Hen.  VI.,  27. 

Wake,  Joan,  wife  of  Hugh  5  Edw.  III.,  44. 

„       John  22  Edw.  Ill,  46, 

„       John  de  34  Edw.  Ill,  69. 

„       John,  mil.  4  Rich.  II,  60. 

„       John,  chev.  5  Rich.  II,  60. 

Waleran,  Walrond,  Robert,  Inq.  ad.  q.  d.  (40)    36  Hen.  Ill,  21. 

Waleraund,  Robert  (194)  1  Edw.  I,  6. 

„  Matilda,  wife  of  Robert,  Extents  terrarum 

(202)  1  Edw.  I,  35. 

„          Walraund  t  John,  and  Robert  and  Isabella,  mother  of 
John,  an  idiot  2  Edw.  II,  80. 

t  See  also  Rot.    Misc.,   30  Edw.   III.,  exemplification  of    Placita  in 
3  Edw.  II, 


50  INQUISITIONES    POST    MORTEM    FOR    DORSET. 

Wales,  Joan  of  Kent,  princess  of,  mother  of  Rich.  II,  9  Rich.  II.,  54. 
WaleyS,  see  Wallis. 

Wallis,  Waleys,  Ingelram,  and  Alice  his  wife  (666)    32  Ed\v.  I.,  49. 

Walshe,  John  de  7  Edw.  III.,  26. 

„        Walissh,  Nicholas  la,  of  Podynton  13  Edw.  III.,  23. 

„        Walissh e,  Nicholas  le  App.  13  Edw.  III.,  45. 

„        Waleys,  Walter,  Canon,  pro  Tarent  Abbey 

23  Edw.  III.,  33  * 

,,        Walssh,   Joan   and    Elizabeth,    daughters   and   heirs   of 
Nicholas  le  24  Edw.  III.,  45. 

Walyssh,  Rocsa,  wife  of  John  la  2nd  pt.,  36  Edw.  III.,  68. 
,,         Walssh,  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Robert  Salmon,  sister  and  co- 
heir of  Nicholas  le  39  Edw.  IIL,  22. 
„               „        Roger  le                         2nd  pt,  49  Edw.  III.,  59. 
„         Walisch,  John,  son  of  Roger                    50  Edw.  III.,  67. 
,,         Walissh,  John,  son  and  heir  of  Roger        14  Rich  II.,  53. 
,,         Walsh,  Christina,  wife  of  John  Atte   Hull,  one  of  the 
heirs  of  Nicholas  9  Hen.  IV.,  37. 
WaliSCh,  Walissh,  Wallisshe  Walyssh,  see  Wallis. 
Walrond,  see  Waleran. 
Walsh,  Walshe,  Walssli,  see  Wallis. 

Walsham,  Roger  1  Rich.  II.,  39. 

Wareham,   Priory  of,  per  Peter  Doget,  of  Corfe,  chaplain,  Inq. 

ad  q.  d.  (395)  16  Edw.  L,  46. 

Prior  of,  per  Edward  Golde  3  Edw.  IIL,  106.* 

Warner,  William  18  Hen.  VI.,  l. 

Warr,  see  De  la  Warr. 

Warre,  Robert  5  Edw.  IV.,  17. 

„        Richard,  arm.,  of  Hestercombe  22  Edw.  IV.,  37. 

Warren,  Warrenna,  John  de,  Earl  of  Surrey      21  Edw.  III.,  58. 
„          Warenna,  Joan,  wife  of  John  de,  Earl  of  Surrey 

2nd  pt.,  35  Edw.  IIL,  79. 

Warwick,  Earl  of,  Guy  de  Bellocampo  9  Edw.  II.,  71. 

)>  »       Thomas  de  Bellocampo,  formerly 

2  Hen.  IV.,  58, 


IXQUIS1TIONES    POST    MORTEM    FOR    DORSET.  51 

WaterCOmbe,  John,  pro  Cerne  Abbey  10  Rich.  II.,  102. 

Wayn,  William,  see  Henry  Cove  26  Edw.  III.,  10.* 

Weborne,  John,  pro.  Dom'  Elemos'  de  Yevell,  Inq.  ad  q.  d. 

17  Edw.  IV.,  61. 
Well,  Welle,  William  de.     (No  writ  or  date) 

Uncertain  Hen.  Ill,  205. 

,,      Margaret,  widow,  formerly  Farrindon          22  Edw.  IV.,  38. 
Wellebrigge,  for  repairs  of  bridge  of  17  Edw.  III.,  81.* 

Wellington,  John  de,  brother  of  Ralph  20  Rich.  II.,  55. 

West,  Thomas,  chev.,  pro  Thomas  le  Blount,  chev. 

30  Edw.  Ill,  10.* 

„      Thomas,  chev.  10  Rich.  II.,  52. 

,,      Alice,  wife  of  Thomas,  mil.  19  Rich.  II.,  49. 

„      Thomas,  chev.  7  Hen.  IV.,  23. 

„      Thomas,  chev.  4  Hen.  V.,  28. 

„      Reginald,  mil.  29  Hen.  VI.,  21. 

„      Richard,  Lord  de  la  Wurr,  mil.  16  Edw.  IV.,  62. 

Westhall,  1  Westhele,  town  of,  in  parish    of  Folke,  Inquis    de 

taxations  3  Rich  II.,  102. 

Weston,  John  16  Edw.  IV.,  16. 

Weye,  Nicholas,  pro  Abbey  of  Middle  tone  (Milton) 

2  Edw.  Ill,  60.* 
WeyniOUth  and  MelCOmbe,  Inquirend"  de  agua 

6  Edw.  III.,  77.* 

„  Guild    of   St.    George  in,    per    Henry  Russell,   Inq. 

ad  q.  d.  33  Hen.  VI.,  8. 

WhalesbOPOUgh,  Whalisburgh,  Thomas  21  Edw.  IV.,  41. 

Whitewell,  Wytewell,  Richard  de  (100)  46  Hen.  III.,  19. 

„  Why te well,  alias  Quite welle,  William  de  (483) 

22  Edw.  I.,  37. 
„  Whitewell,  alias  Quytewelle,  John  de  (567) 

27  Edw.  I.,  34. 

„  Whytewelle,  William  de  31  Edw.  III.,  13. 

„  Simon  de  45  Edw.  III.,  58. 

WhiteWOOd,  Whitwode,  John  21  Edw.  IV.,  23. 


52  INQUiSITIONES   TOST   MORTEM   FOR   DORSET. 

Whitfield,  Whytefelde,  William  de,  pro  Cerne  Abbey 

9  Edw.  III.,  28.* 

Whytefelde,  see  Whitfield. 

Whytewell,  see  Whitewell. 

Widecombe,    Wydecumbe,    Wm.,    pro    Abbey   of    Middeltone 

(Milton)  2  Edw.  III.,  60.* 

Willington,  Wylynton,  John  de  12  Edw.  III.,  36. 

„  Wylyngton,  Henry  de         1st  pt.,  23  Edw.  III.,  74, 

WillOUghby,  Robert,  mil.  5  Edw.  IV.,  35. 

Wilton,  Wylton,    Richard  de,    pro   Domus   de   Valle    de   Nova 

Sarum,  Inq.  ad  q.  d.  (G12)  29  Edw.  L,  126. 

,,       Wylton,  Abbess  of.  Inquis'  terris  forisfactis 

App.  17  Edw.  II.,  78. 

Wiltshire,  Amicia,  wife  of  James,  Earl  of  35  Hen.  VI.,  16. 

„  Earl  of,  James,  attainted  1  Edw.  IV.,  29. 

„  „      James)attainted-,mdl'tenuitterr'&'&d'w.IV.,'I(). 

Wimborne,  Wymborne,  Robert  de  Kyngeston,  Decanus  de  Cap. 

de  St.  Cutberge  in          App.  21  Edw.  Ill,  71. 

„  Wymborne  Minster,  per  Henry  Blakhat 

29  Edw.  III.,  16.* 

»  „  „         Henry  de  Bukyngham,  Decanus 

de  41  Edw.  III.,  37  * 

„  ,,  „         De     terris    dat'     ad     manum 

mortuam  decano  de  ;  Inq.  ad  q.  d.     16  Hen.  VI.,  17. 

Winchester,  Wynton,  Earl  of,  Roger  de  Quency,  exterf  feodorum 

(150)  55  Hen.  III.,  36. 

„  Wynton,  Alianor,   Countess  of,  by  gift  to  Agatha 

Taillard  (707)  34  Edw.  L,  15. 

„  Bishop  of,  pro  Eadem  Hospital,  Inq.  ad  q.  d. 

24  Hen.  VI.,  13. 

„  Hospital  of  Holy  Cross  in  6  Edw,  IV,  59. 

Windsor,  Wyndelsore,  Hugh,  son  of  John  de  (325)    1 1  Edw.  L,  22. 

„  Wyndesore,  Alice,  dau.    and  heir  of   Hugh,  probatio 

cpfotf8(561)  26  Edw.  L,  74. 

„  Wyndesore,  William  de,  chev.  8  Rich.  II.,  38. 


INQUISITIONES   POST   MORTEM   FOR   DORSET.  53 

Worsley,  Christopher  11  Edw.  IV.,  20. 

Worsope,  John  14  Edw.  IV.,  34. 

Worthe,  Isabella  de,  de  morte,  Stephen  le  Fox,  redatus  (97) 

45  Hen.  III.,  52. 

Wulvetone,  Matilda  de  Fortibus  (90)  44  Hen.  III.,  26, 

Wydecombe,  see  Widecombe. 

Wyke,  Richard  de,  pro  John  de  Sandhull          2  Edw,  III.,  114.* 
Wylyngton,  see  Willington. 
WyndelSQFe,  Wyndesore,  see  Windsor. 

Wyne,  John  le  7  Edw.  III.,  51.* 

„      John  App.  32  Edw.  III.,  48. 

Wynton,  see  Winchester. 

YeOVil,  Yevele,  Henry  13  Rich.  IL,  86. 

„       Ye  veil,  Dom'  elemos'  de,  per  John  Weborne,  Inq.  ad  q.  d. 

17  Edw.  IV.,  61. 

YeOViltOWn,  Yevelton,  Nicholas  de  45  Edw.  III.,  32. 

Richard  de  13  Rich.  IL,  56. 

„  Yelv'ton,  Robert,  nuW  tenui?  ten*      7  Hen.  VI.,  1. 

Yevele,  Yevell,  see  Yeovil. 
Yevelton,  Yelv'ton,  see  Yeoviltown. 

Zouche,  William,  mil.,  null'  tenuif  terr'  2  Edw.  IV.,  29. 

„         William,  mil.,  Lord  Zouch  and  Semore     8  Edw.  IV.,  53. 

Katherine,  wife  of  William,  mil.  11  Edw.  IV.,  40. 


<S)n  |leto  aiib  futu  British 

OBSERVED  IN  1895. 


By  the  Rev.  0.  PICKARD-CAMBRIDGE,  M.A.,  F.R.S.,  &e. 

February  llth,  1S96. 


[WITH   PLATE.] 


TN  my  last  communication  on  this  subject,  published  in 
Vol.  XVI.  of  our  Club's  Proceedings  (p.  92),  I 
was  able  to  bring  it  up  to  a  rather  recent  date — 
to  about  the  beginning  of  May,  1895 — and  also 
to  include  the  results  of  a  few  days  collecting 
in  the  New  Forest  in  June.  Since  that,  how- 
ever, some  spiders  of  considerable  interest  and 
rarity  have  occurred,  and  on  these  I  will  make 
a  few  general  remarks,  following  them,  as 
usual,  by  a  systematic  list.  There  has  been  but  little  in  the  past 
season  to  make  it  very  noteworthy,  so  far  as  my  experience  has 
gone,  in  respect  to  the  abundance  or  scarcity  of  spiders,  although 
few  seasons  have  of  late  been  more  remarkable  than  the  past  one 
in  regard  to  the  irregular  distribution  of  rainfall  and  drought,  cold 
and  heat.  We  want,  however,  more  workers  in  this  field  before 
any  trustworthy  conclusions  can  be  arrived  at  in  respect  to  the 
abundance  or  scarcity  of  spiders.  Still,  on  the  whole,  I  think  the 
past  year  was  a  favourable  one  in  this  branch  of  natural  history. 

On  the  13th  of  May,  1895,  I  was  fortunate  in  having  a  lovely 
spring  day  for  a  search  in  the  water  meadows   near   Warmwell, 


Proc.  Dorset.  N.H.tcA.F.  Club.  Vol.  XVII,  1896. 


\ 


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0.  P    Cambridge,  del? 


ITFarlane  4  ErsVire.  L!thr?  Edmr 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE. 

FIG.    1.  Scytodes  thoracica,  Latr.     Adult  male  enlarged. 

2.  Eyes  of  ditto  from  above  and  behind. 

3.  Profile  of  ditto. 

4.  Palpus  of  ditto. 

5.  Tarsus  of  ditto. 

6.  Savignia  frontata,  Bl.     Adult  female,  profile. 

7.  Eyes  of  ditto  from  above  and  behind. 

8.  Sternum  and  labium  of  ditto. 

9.  One  of  the  falces  of  ditto. 

10.  Genital  aperture  of  ditto. 

11.  Posterior  extremity  of  abdomen. 

Ditto    underneath,    showing    the    spinners,    colulus    (a)    and 
entrance  to  a  breathing  organ  (b). 

12.  Tmeticus  Hardii,  Bl.     Genital  aperture  of  female. 


NEW  AND   RARE    BRITISH    SPIDERS.  55 

where,  in  company  with  my  nephew,  Rev.  F.  P.  Cambridge,  we 
met  with  the  fine  and  local  Trocliosa  spinipafpis,  F.  P.  Cambr.,  in 
fair  abundance  under  bits  of  old  boards  and  at  the  roots  of  water 
weeds  ;  and  among  other  good  things  we  also  turned  up  Troxochrus 
ignolilis,  Cambr.  (which  I  had  not  seen  for  some  years),  as  well  as 
Banjpliyma  pratensis,  Bl.,  in  some  abundance,  and  a  few  examples 
of  Oxyptila  simplex,  Cambr.  About  this  time  also  we  met  with 
adults  of  both  sexes  of  a  hitherto  rare  and  rather  doubtful  species, 
Leptyphantes  Mengii,  Kulcz.,  in  Hyde  Bog,  Blox  worth.  In  company 
with  these  were  a  few  examples  of  the  rare  Microneta  coniyera, 
Cambr.,  and  Pedanostethus  arundi?ietus,  Id.  On  the  9th  of  June  my 
nephew  found  Theridiosoma  aryenteolum,  Cambr.,  in  the  water 
meadows  near  Warmwell,  and  I  also  met  with  it  myself  in  Morden 
Bog,  Bloxworth,  both  being  new  localities  for  this  species.  On 
the  Chesil  Beach,  on  the  14th  of  June,  I  found  both  sexes  adult  of 
Pedanostethus  obscurus,  Menge,  as  well  as  a  single  example  of 
Oxyptila  Blackwallii,  Sim.,  and  an  immature  example  of  Drassus 
minor,  Cambr.,  of  which  last  the  male  is  still  unknown.  On  the 
loth  of  July  my  son,  A.  TV.  P.  Cambridge,  came  across  an 
adult  male  of  a  very  curious  and  rare  spider  at  the  College, 
Weymouth,  Scytodes  thoracica,  Latr.  This  is  only  the  third  or 
fourth  recorded  occurrence  of  the  species  in  England,  and  the  first 
occurrence  of  the  male  sex.  It  is,  as  a  rule,  a  house-spider,  and 
might  very  probably  be  found  more  frequently  in  our  towns  on  the 
south  coast  of  England  if  looked  for  or  noted  a  little  carefully.  At 
page  116  and  p.  125,  Vol.  XVI.  of  our  Proceedings,  in  my 
last  paper  I  noted  the  occurrence  of  Hyptiotes  paradoxus, 
C.  L.  Koch,  in  the  New  Forest,  in  August,  1894,  and  also 
in  the  month  of  June  in  the  following  year  ;  on  the  latter 
occasion  it  was  in  tolerable  abundance,  but  all  the  examples 
were  immature  ;  later  on  (July  18th)  a  toilsome  search  of  several 
hours  proved  fruitless,  when  just  as  I  was  about  to  give  it  up  in 
despair  a  dense  thicket  of  whitethorn,  blackthorn,  and  other  under- 
growth produced  me  several  adults  of  both  sexes,  though  at  the 
expense  of  an  umbrella,  and  the  tearing  of  sundry  articles  of  cloth- 


56  NEW  AND   RARE    BRITISH    SPIDERS. 

ing.  This  curious  and  rare  spider  makes  its  snares  among  the  dead 
lichen-covered  twigs  of  almost  impenetrable  bushes  of  blackthorn 
and  whitethorn,  and  is  most  difficult  to  obtain  without  getting  right 
into  the  middle,  underneath  the  thickest  part  of  the  bushes. 
Leptyphantes  corollatus,  Linn.,  C.  Koch,  recorded  as  new  to  Britain 
at  p.  122,  Vol.  XVI.  of  our  Proceedings,  has  since  again  occurred 
at  various  times,  and  in  some  abundance,  in  August  and  September 
last,  in  the  same  district  at  Bloxworth,  but  all  immature,  and  all 
were  found  where  the  heath  had  been  burnt  two  years  before.  It 
is  believed  that  the  buining  of  the  heather  has  some  close  con- 
nection with  the  subsequent  frequent  occurrence  on  such  spots  of 
a  moth  (Phycita  carbonariella),  which  is,  excepting  on  such  burnt 
spots,  always  of  rare  occurrence,  but  whether  there  is  any 
connection  of  the  kind  in  regard  to  the  occurrence  of  the  spider  I 
cannot  say.  It  seems,  however,  strange  that  after  so  many  years' 
past  searching  on  this  part  of  the  heath  without  ever  finding  it, 
the  spider  should  just  now  be  rather  common  and  easily  found  on 
the  burnt  parts,  and  on  those  alone,  so  far  as  we  have  yet  met  with 
it.  On  August  23rd  I  found  an  adult  male  of  the  rare  Pedano- 
stethus  negledus,  Cambr.,  among  herbage  in  a  wood.  Only  one 
example  has  yet  been  recorded  of  the  still  rarer  female  of  this 
species.  (Proc.  Dors.  N.  H.  and  A.  F.  Club,  Vol.  XV.,  p.  206.) 
One  of  the  best  captures  of  the  season,  Attus  floricola,  C.  Koch, 
was  made  in  Ireland  by  Mr.  G.  H.  Carpenter.  Some  spiders 
recorded  by  myself  many  years  ago  as  A.  floricola,  from  near 
Shoreham,  in  Sussex,  appear  to  be  of  another  species  altogether, 
and  identical  with  Attus  mancus,  Thor.  This  is,  therefore,  the 
first  authentic  occurrence  of  the  true  A.  floricola  as  British. 
Among  some  other  spiders  kindly  collected  for  me  in  the  New 
Forest  since  I  was  there  myself  in  July,  1895,  by  Mr.  Gulliver  (a 
woodman,  but  a  most  intelligent  and  successful  entomologist)  were 
examples  of  Hasarius  arcuatus,  Clk.,  and  one  of  the  exceedingly- 
scarce  Pistius  truncatus,  Pall.,  the  latter  a  not  quite  adult  male. 
Mr.  W.  Evans,  of  Edinburgh,  from  whom  I  have  received  so  many 
rarities  from  Scotland  during  the  past  few  years,  kindly  sent  me  in 


NEW   AND   RARE    BRITISH   SPIDERS.  5? 

October  last  an  example  of  Cneplialocotes  inter jectus,  Cambr.,  from 
near  Edinburgh  ;  this  is  only  its  second  occurrence  as  British. 
Also,  now  recently,  Mr.  Evans  has  sent  me  from  North  Berwick 
examples  of  Tmeticus  Hardii,  BL,  Prosopotlieca  monoceros,  Wid., 
and  Typlwcrestus  digitatus,  Cambr.,  the  last  being  only  its  second 
occurrence  as  British. 


SYSTEMATIC  LIST  OF  SPIDERS  NOTED  IN  1895. 
FAM.    SCYTODID^. 

SCYTODES    THORACICA. 

Scytodes  thoracica,  Latr.     Spid.  Dors.,  p.  75. 

An  adult  male  (the  first  recorded  example  of  this  sex  as  British) 
was  found  at  the  College,  Wey mouth,  on  the  15th  of  July,  by 
A.  W.  Pickard-Cambridge. 


o 


FAM.      DRASSID.E. 

DRASSUS  MINOR. 

Drassus  minor,  Cambr.     Spid.  Dors.,  p.  424. 
I  met  with  an  immature  female  of  this  small  Drassus  on  the 
Chesil  Beach  on  the  llth  of  June,  near  the  same  spot  where  the 
types  were  found  on  the  6th  of  June,  1879. 

FAM.     AGELENID.E. 

TEGENARIA  ATRICA. 

Tegenaria  atrica,  C.  Koch.     Spid.  Dors.,  p.  62. 
Adults  of  both  sexes,  August  13th,  1895,  under  heathy  ledges  in 
gravel  pits,  Blox worth  Heath ;   also  rather  abundantly  in  similar 
situations  by  the  roadside  near  Cold-harbour,  Wareham. 

FAM.    THERIDIID.E. 

THERIDIOSOMA  ARGENTEOLUM,  Cambr. 

Theridiosoma  argenteolumt  Cambr.  Spid.  Dors,,  pp.  428,  572  ; 
Proc.  Dors.  N.  H.  and  A.  F.  Club,  vol.  x.,  p.  131  ;  xii,,  p.  89  ; 
and  xvi.,  p.  125. 


58  NEW  AND  RARE    BRITISH   SPIDERS. 

This  pretty  and  very  distinct  little  spider  has  been  found  near 
Warmwell,  and  in  a  new  locality  at  Bloxworth  in  June. 

LlTHYPHANTES    COROLLATUS. 

Lithyphantes  corollatus,  Linn.,  C.  Koch.  Proc.  Dors.  N.  H. 
and  A.  F.  Club,  xvi.,  122,  1895. 

Since  the  record  of  this  handsome  species  (I.e.  supra)  it  has 
been  met  with  on  several  other  spots  in  summer  and  early  autumn 
in  the  same  district  at  Bloxworth  in  some  abundance,  though  all 
immature. 

ENOPLOGNATHA  THORACICA. 

Drepanodus  obscurus,  Menge.  Preuss.  Spinn,  p.  242,  pi.  47, 
Tab.  141. 

Theridium  thoracicum,  Hahn.  Die  Arachn,  I.,  p.  88,  pi.  xxi.,  fig.  66. 

Neriene  albipunctata,  Cambr.     Spid.  Dors.,  p.  122. 

Enoplognatlia  thoracica,  Sim.     Ar.  de  France,  torn.  5,  p.  191. 

Both  sexes  found  rather  abundantly  among  short  herbage  on  the 
Chesil  Beach,  Portland,  June  14th,  1895. 

PEDANOSTETHUS   ARUNDINETUS. 
Neriene  Clarkii,  Cambr.     Spid.  Dors.,  p.  119. 

„        amndineti,  Id.,  I.e.,  p.  135 
Several  adult  males  at  Bloxworth  in  swamps  in  June,  1895. 

PEDANOSTETHUS   NEGLECTUS. 

Neriene  neglecta,  Cambr.     Spid.  Dors.,  p.  121. 

An  adult  male  among  herbage  in  a  wood  at  Bloxworth,  August 
23rd,  1895. 

LEPTYPHANTES  MENGII. 

Leptypliantes  Mengii,  Kulczynski.  Aran.  Hungar.,  ii.,  part  I., 
p.  70,  table  3,  fig.  6.  Cambr.,  Proc.  Dors.  N.  H.  and  A.  F.  Club, 
xvi.,  p.  111. 

Linypliia  tennis,  Bl.     Cambr.,  Spid.  Dors.,  p.  185,  ad  partem. 

Adults  of  both  sexes  have  been  identified  from  swampy  spots  on 
Bloxworth  Heath  in  June,  1895. 


AND    RARE    BRITISH    SPIDERS.  50 


TMETICUS  HARDII. 

Walckenaera  Hardii,  Bl.     Cambv.,  Spid.  Dors.,  p.  504. 

Tmeticus  Hardii,  Bl.     Sim.,  Ar.  de  France,  5,  p.  383. 

^dult  males  and  females  (the  latter  sex  scarcest)  were  found  in 
North  Berwick  under  stones  and  pieces  of  wood  near  the  shore, 
Diiieton  Common,  East  Lothian,  and  kindly  sent  to  me  early  in 
January,  1896.  It  had  previously  been  found  by  Mr.  Evans  at 
Aberlady  Bay  in  September,  1893,  and  Mr.  Cecil  Warburton  met 
with  it  in  Wicken  Fen,  Cambridgeshire,  several  years  ago.  These 
are,  I  believe,  the  only,  as  yet  known,  occurrences  of  this  fine  species 
in  Great  Britain  since  its  capture  by  Mr.  Hardy  in  Berwickshire 
in  1848  and  1858. 

MlCRONETA    CONIGERA. 

Micronda  conigera,  Cambr.  Spid.  Dors.,  p.  132,  and  Proc. 
Dors.  K  H.  and  A.  F.  Club,  xvi.,  p.  106. 

Adult  males,  Hyde  Bog,  Blox  worth,  June,  1895. 

TROXOCHRUS  IGNOBILIS. 

Walckenaera  ignolilis,  Cambr.     Spid.  Dors.,  p.  155,  sub. 

Troxochrus,  Sim.     Ar.  de  France,  5,  p.  651. 

An  adult  male  of  this  very  minute  but  distinct  species  among 
grass  and  weeds  in  a  water  meadow  at  Warm  well,  May  13th,  1895. 
I  had  not  met  with  it  since  April,  1890,  and  then  after  an  interval 
of  eight  years,  the  only  two  preceding  records  being  in  1882  and 
1863. 

BARYPHYMA  PRATENSIS. 

Walckenaera  pratensis,  Bl.     Cambr.,  Spid.  Dors.,  p.  502. 

Baryphyma  pratensis,  Bl.  Cambr.,  Proc.  Dors.  N.  H.  and 
A.  F.  Club,  xvi.,  p.  106. 

Both  sexes  adult,  in  water  meadow,  Warmwell,  among  grass  and 
weeds,  May  13th,  1895. 

ENTELECARA  FLAVIPES. 

Walckenaera  flavipes,  Bl.     Cambr.,  Spid.  Dors.,  p.  159  and  577. 
Entelecara  flavipee,  Bl.     Sim.,  Aran.  de  Fr.,  5,  p.  621. 


60  NEW   AND  RARE   BRITISH   SPIDERS. 

An  adult  of  each  sex  among  weeds  in  a  swamp,  Bloxworth,  June, 
1895. 

CNEPHALOCOTES  INTERJECTUS. 

Walckenaera  interjecta,  Cambr.  Trans.  Hertfordshire  Nat. 
Hist.  Society,  v.,  part  L,  August,  1888,  p.  18,  fig.  1,  2,  3. 

An  adult  male  received  from  Mr.  W.  Evans,  by  whom  it  was 
found  near  Edinburgh  and  kindly  sent  to  me  in  October, 
1895.  This  was  new  to  Scotland  and  only  the  second  occurrence 
of  the  species  in  Britain. 

TYPHOCRESTUS  DIGITATUS. 

Typhocrestus  digitatus,  Cambr.  Proc.,  Dors,  N.  H.  and  A.  F. 
Club,  xv.,  p.  112. 

An  adult  male  found  by  Mr.  W.  Evans  in  North  Berwick  and 
kindly  sent  to  me  in  January,  1896.  This  is  its  second  record  only 
as  British. 

PROSOPOTHECA  MONOCEROS. 

WalcJcenaera  monoceros,  Wid.     Cambr.,  Spid.  Dors.,  p.  148. 

Prosopotlieca  monoceros,  Wid.  Sim.,  Ar.  de  Fr.,  5.  p.  835.  Car- 
penter and  Evans,  Proc.  Roy.  Phys.  Soc.  Edinb.,  xii.,  p.  575,  1894. 

An  adult  male  of  this  rare  and  curious  spider  was  received  from 
Mr.  W.  Evans,  by  whom  it  was  found  in  N.  Berwick  late  in 
December,  1895. 

SAVIGNIA  FRONTATA. 

Saeignia  Jrontata,  Bl.  Cambr.,  Spid.  Dors.,  p.  170  (sub. 
Walckenaera.)  Proc.  Dors.  N.  H.  and  A.  F.  Club,  xv.,  p.  112 
(exclude  fig.  3  in  plate). 

In  1894  (Proc.  of  our  Club,  I.e.  supra)  I  gave  a  figure  of  a 
spider  which  I  had  reason  to  believe  to  be  the,  up  to  then  unknown, 
female  of  this  species  ;  subsequent  researches,  however,  led  me  to 
doubt  this,  and  a  considerable  series  of  both  males  and  females 
received  from  Mr.  W.  Evans  in  November,  1895,  taken  then 
recently  near  Edinburgh,  has  convinced  me  that  these  he  has 
kindly  thus  sent  to  me  are  the  true  females  of  this  spider,  of  which 
I  now  give  a  figure. 


NEW  AND  RARE   BRITISH   SPIDERS.  61 

FAM.       ULOBORID^E. 

HYPTIOTES  PARADOXUS. 

Hyptiotes  paradoxus,  C.  L.  Koch.  Cambr.,  Spid.  Dors.,  p.  532. 
Proc.  Dors.  N.  H.  and  A.  F.  Club.,  xvi.,  p.  116,  125. 

After  a  long  and  arduous  search  in  the  New  Forest  early  in  June, 
1895  (as  nearly  as  we  could  make  out,  in  the  same  localities  as  that 
where  Mr.  Cecil  Warburton  found  this  species  in  August, 
1894)  immature  examples  of  both  sexes  were  found  not  rarely  by 
myself  and  my  nephew,  the  Rev.  F.  P.  Cambridge.  On  the  18th 
of  July  following  I  found  in  the  same  locality  adults  of  both  sexes, 
though  now  very  scarce  compared  to  the  numbers  found  in  the 
immature  state. 

FAM.     THOMISID.E. 

OXYPTILA     SIMPLEX. 

Oxyptila  simplex,  Cambr.,  Spid.  Dors.,  p.  324. 

Adult  males  in  water  meadow  near  "Warm well  on  the  13th  of 
May,  1895. 

OXYPTILA  BLACKWALLH. 

Oxyptila  Blackwallii,  Sim.     Cambr.,  Spid.  Dors.,  p.  318. 

A  single  female  at  the  roots  of  herbage  on  the  Chesil  Beach, 
June  14th,  1895. 

PlSTIUS   TRUNCATUS. 

Misumena  truncata,  Pall.     Cambr.,  Spid.  Dors.,  p.  534. 

Pistius  truncatus,  Pall.,  Sim.  Cambr.,  Proc.  Dors.  N.  H.  and 
A.  F.  Club,  xvi.,  p.  126. 

An  immature  male  of  this  fine  and  rare  species  was  sent  to  me 
by  Mr.  C.  Gulliver  from  near  Brockenhurst  in  the  New  Forest, 
where  it  was  found  in  the  summer  of  1895. 

FAM.       LYCOSID^E. 

TROCHOSA   SPINIPALPIS. 

Trochosa  spinipalpis,  F.  P.  Cambr.  Proc.  Dors.  N.  H.  and 
A.  F.  Club,  xvi.,  p.  118. 

On  the  13th  May,  1895,  I  had  the  pleasure  of  finding  both 
sexes  of  this  fine  and  conspicuous  species  in  fair  abundance  in 


62  NEW   AND   RARE    BRITISH    SPIDERS. 

water  meadows  near  Warmwell  under  old  bits  of  board  and  among 
grass  and  roots  of  water  weeds. 

FAM.       SALTICID^:. 

ATTUS  MANCUS. 

Attus  mancus,  Thor.     Syn.,  Eur,  Spid.,  1869,  p.  393. 

Attus  floricola,  Cambr.     Spid.  Dors.,  1881,  p.  564. 

Mr.  G.  H.  Carpenter,  of  Dublin,  having  sent  to  me  adults  of 
both  sexes  of  a  spider  closely  allied  to,  but  distinct  from,  the  above, 
and  undoubtedly  I  think  the  true  Attus  floricola,  C.  L.  Koch,  I 
have  come  to  the  conclusion  that  the  spider  I  found  in  1871  at 
Shoreham,  in  Sussex,  is  Attus  mancus,  Thor.  ;  this  differs  from 
A.  floricola,  C.  L.  Koch,  among  other  slight  respects,  notably  in 
the  shorter  anterior  legs  and  smaller  size.  (See  note  on  the 
following.) 

ATTUS    FLORICOLA. 

Euoplirys  floricola,  C.  L.  Koch.  Die.  Arachn.,  xiv.,  p.  39, 
tab.  473,  fig.  1,301. 

Adults  of  both  sexes  were  found  byMr.G.  H.  Carpenter  abundantly 
under  stones  on  the  margin  of  Lough  Corrib  in  Gahvay,  Ireland, 
about  the  middle  of  July,  1895.  These  examples  agree  exactly  with 
types  of  A.  floricola,  C.  L.  Koch,  sent  to  me  from  Germany  by  Dr. 
L  Koch.  The  spider  I  had  up  to  this  time  thought  to  be  A.  floricola 
of  C.  L.  Koch,  and  which  I  met  with  many  years  ago  (1871)  at 
Shoreham,  near  Brighton,  differs  from  the  true  A.  floricola  (see  note 
on  the  foregoing  spider),  and  is,  I  believe,  Attus  mancus,  Thor.  The 
true  A.  floricola,  C.  L.  Koch,  is  therefore  by  this  capture  in  Gahvay 
new  to  the  British  Islands.  Mr.  Carpenter's  capture  of  this  spider 
is  recorded  in  "The  Irish  Naturalist,"  September,  1895,  Vol.  IV., 
No.  9,  p.  256. 

HASARIUS  ARCUATUS. 

Hasarius  arcuatus,  Clk.     Cambr.,  Spid.  Dors.,  p.  565. 

Adults  of  both  sexes  weie  found  in  the  summer  of  1895,  in  the 
New  Forest,  by  Mr.  C.  Gulliver,  from  whom  I  subsequently  received 
them. 


NEW  AND    RARE    BRITISH   SPIDERS.  63 

LlST     OF    -SPIDERS     ABOVE     NOTED. 

Scytodes  tlioracica,  Latr.  p.  57. 

Drassus  minor,  Cambr.  p.  57. 

Tegenaria  atrica,  C.  L.  Koch  p.  57. 

Theridiosoma  argenteolum,  Cambr.  p.  57. 

Lithyphantes  corollatus,  C.  L.  Koch  p.  58. 

Enoplognatha  tlioracica,  Halm.  p.  58. 

Pedanostethus  arundinetus,  Cambr.  p.  58. 

„               neglectus,  Cambr.  p.  58. 

Leptyphantes  Mengii,  Kulcz.  p.  58. 

Tmeticus  Hardii,  Bl.  p.  59. 

Microneta  conigera,  Cambr.  p.  59. 

Troxochrus  ignobilis,  Cambr.  p.  59. 

Baryphyma  pratensis,  Bl.  p.  59. 

Entelecara  flavipes,  Bl.  p.  59. 

Cnephalocotes  interjectus,  Cambr.  p.  60. 

Typhocrestus  digitatus,  Cambr.  p.  60. 

Prosopotheca  monoceros,  Wid.  p.  60. 

Savignia  frontata,  Bl.  p.  60. 

Hyptiotes  paradoxus,  C.  L.  Koch  p.  61. 

Oxyptila  simplex,  Cambr.  p.  61. 

„        Black wallii,  Sim.  p.  61. 

Pistius  truncatus,  Pall.  p.  61. 

Trochosa  spinipalpis,  F.  P.  C.  p.  61. 

Attus  mancus,  Tnor.  p.  62. 

„     floricola,  C.  L.  Koch  p.  62. 

Hasarius  arcuatus,  Clk.  p.  62, 


dfitershot  (Ehttrch. 


By  the   Rev.    P.    H.    MILNE. 

Read  August  22nd,  1895. 


'ITH  regard  to  Evershot  Church,  which  stands  600ft. 
above  the  sea  level,  its  renovation  took  place  at 
two  different  times — the  chancel  being  rebuilt 
in  1864  and  the  other  parts  of  the  edifice  in 
1852-53.  The  previous  old  church  was  prin- 
cipally of  the  date  of  the  15th  century,  and 
consisted  of  a  western  tower,  south  porch,  nave, 
north  aisle,  north  and  south  transepts,  and 
chancel.  In  the  nave  of  the  previous  church 
there  was  a  semi-circular  roof  with  ribs  running 
square  panels,  with  gilded  bosses  covering  each 
intersection  of  the  ribs.  There  were  three  galleries — the  new 
gallery,  built  and  occupied  by  subscribers,  the  children's  gallery, 
and  the  singers'  gallery. 

The  first  and  original  church  was  a  building  of  Norman 
character,  about  the  time  of  Richard  I.,  i.e.,  12th  century,  as  shown 
by  the  remains  of  the  tower  and  chancel  arches,  and  by  the  arches 
opening  into  the  then  north  and  souih  transepts  (which,  according 
to  Hutchins,  were  doubtless  chapels,  since  relics  were  found  in 
pulling  down  the  walls.)  The  details  were,  however,  mostly  of  the 
15th  century,  as  well  as  the  columns  and  arches  of  the  arcade  on 
the  north  side.  The  old  chancel  was  built  in  a  debased  style  about 
1765,  but  the  old  chancel  arch  formed  a  part  of  the  original  edifice, 


each  way,  makin 


EVERSHOT    CHURCH.  65 

of  the  12th  century,  and  has  now  been  rebuilt  between  the  north 
aisle  and  the  organ  chamber.  The  new  chancel,  like  the  present 
church,  is  mostly  in  the  style  of  the  15th  century.  The  nave  has 
three  bays  on  each  side,  the  south  arcade  being  in  imitation  of  that 
on  the  north,  which  formed  a  portion  of  the  ancient  edifice.  The 
greater  part  of  the  old  tower  is  still  remaining,  but  it  has  been 
rebuilt  from  the  level  of  the  belfry  upwards  with  the  addition  of  a 
new  west  door  and  window,  angle  buttresses,  and  a  spiralet.  The 
original  Norman  font  remains.  The  pedestal,  in  the  form  of  a 
cross,  is,  however,  modern. 

The  clock  was  presented  by  the  3rd  Earl  of  Ilchester  at  a  cost  of 
£150,  and,  in  passing,  I  may  say  that  it  stands  in  great  need  of 
restoration,  both  internally  and  externally.  We  are  going  to 
undertake  this  at  once. 

The  tower  originally  contained  four  bells,  which  were  recast  and 
two  added  in  1775  at  a  cost  of  £100.  On  the  6th  bell  is  the 
following  inscription  : — "  *  I  to  the  church  the  living  call,  and  to 
the  grave  do  summon  all.7  Mr.  John  Pitman,  churchwarden. 
T.  Bilbie,  fecit,  1775." 

The  original  church  was  dedicated  to  the  Blessed  Virgin  ;  the 
new  to  S.  Osmond.  On  the  floor  of  the  chancel  is  a  brass  plate, 
representing  a  priest  in  eucharistic  vestments,  with  chalice  and 
host.  It  is  18 Jin.  in  length,  and  is  in  an  excellent  state  of  preser- 
vation. Underneath  on  another  plate  is  this  inscription  in  Latin, 
of  which  the  following  is  the  English  translation  : — "Pray  for 
the  soul  of  William  Grey,  formerly  Rector  of  this  church,  who 
died  the  18th  day  of  March  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  1524,  on 
whose  soul  may  God  have  mercy.  Amen." 

I  should  like  to  call  attention  to  the  shape  of  the  nave,  which  is 
practically  a  square.  The  reason  why  this  is  so  is  as  follows  : — 
When  the  church  was  restored  in  1852  it  was  thought  desirable  to 
enlarge  it.  It  was  impossible  to  do  this  in  length  owing  to  the 
old  chancel  being  in  the  way,  so  the  only  alternative  was  to  increase 
its  width.  I  would  also  like  you  to  notice  that  the  chancel  is  not 
in  the  middle  of  the  east  end  of  the  church,  and  I  would  suggest 


66  EVERSHOT    CHURCH. 

that  the  piscina  in  the  south  aisle  and  the  niches  in  the  pillars  of 
the  arcade  on  the  north  side  are  worthy  of  notice. 

The  first  rector  of  this  church  of  whom  there  is  a  record  (his 
name  was  Hervens)  was  instituted  between  1152  and  1184,  and  it 
will  be  a  matter  of  interest  to  all,  and  perhaps  of  surprise  to  many, 
to  know  that  the  Poet  Crabbe  was  Rector  of  Evershot  from  1783  to 
1786. 

In  conclusion  it  may  be  desirable  to  mention  what  has  been  done 
for  this  church  in  the  last  ten  years,  during  which  I  have  been 
associated  with  the  parish  as  Curate  and  Rector.  In  1887  Lord 
Ilchester  replaced  the  old  leaden  roof,  which  was  full  of  holes,  by 
a  new  one  composed  of  Broseley  tiles  as  his  gift  to  the  parish  to 
mark  the  Jubilee  of  our  Queen.  At  the  same  time  the  parishioners 
inserted  an  adequate  heating  apparatus  (hot  water)  throughout  the 
church  at  a  cost  of  about  £60.  Lamps  were  also  placed  in  the 
church,  being  substituted  for  the  old  candle  chandelier  and 
branches.  In  1889  the  organ  was  restored,  renovated,  and  added 
to  at  a  cost  of  £110,  and  since  that  time  a  font  canopy  has  been 
given  by  Mrs.  Martin  in  memory  of  a  deceased  daughter.  The 
Litany  desk  has  been  given  by  the  Sunday  school  children,  and  a 
considerable  sum  has  just  been  spent  on  the  bells,  which  were  much 
out  of  order,  under  the  kind  superintendence  of  the  Rev.  M. 
Hankey,  Rector  of  Maiden  Newton  ;  and  now,  as  I  mentioned 
above,  we  are  about  to  take  in  hand  the  church  clock. 


SUPPLEMENTARY  NOTE  (FEBRUARY,   1897) 

ON  THE  WORKED-FLINTS   FROM   BLASHENWELL, 

NEAR  CORFE  CASTLE. 


By   CLEMENT   REID,   F.L.S.,    F.G.S. 


In  the  communication  at  p.  67,  opposite,  it  is  stated  that  the 
tufa  at  Blashenwell  yields  only  flakes,  no  implement  of  any  sort 
having  been  found,  and  no  flake  showing  the  slightest  sign  of 
secondary  chipping.  This  statement  now  requires  modification, 
for  happening  to  dissolve  away  the  remains  of  the  calcareous 
matrix  adhering  to  a  minute  flake  less  than  an  inch  in  length,  I 
discovered  that  its  sides  had  been  worked  across  in  minute  chips. 
The  rest  of  the  flakes  were  therefore  placed  in  acid,  but  only  three 
others  showed  any  trace  of  secondary  work,  one  being  finely 
doubly-serrated. 

Similar  minute  "  rat-tooth "  working  has  been  discovered  at 
several  localities  in  Britain,  and  Mr.  C.  H.  Read  informs  me  that 
it  occurs  also  in  India.  It  would  be  interesting  to  ascertain  the 
relative  date  of  the  race  which  used  flint  flakes  worked  in  this 
special  mode  and  of  Neolithic  man,  for  it  is  still  uncertain  which 
were  the  earlier  inhabitants  of  the  country.  The  soil  above  the 
tufa  and  the  surface  below  should  therefore  be  carefully  searched 
for  Neolithic  implements.  The  character  of  the  deposit,  its 
contemporaneous  consolidation,  and  its  freedom  from  subsequent 
disturbance,  make  Blashenwell  a  particularly  favourable  locality 
for  ascertaining  the  true  relation  of  these  different  races  to  each 
other. 


ADDITIONS  TO  THE  LIST  OF  SHELLS  ON  PAGE  73. 

Helix  granulata,  Alder  (determined  by  Mr.  B.  B.  Woodward), 
Hyalinia  nitidula,  Miiller. 


ERRATUM. 

Page  68,  line  15.— For  Lower  Purbeck  read  Upper  Purbeck. 


Jin  ffiarlg  Jfrolithic  ptchen-iuibkn 
^posit  at  f  lashentodl, 
rim*  (Eorfe  totle,  t 


By  CLEMENT  REID,  F.L.S.,  F.G.S. 

December  13th,  1895, 


HE  calcareous  tufa  found  at  Blashenwell,  near  Corfe 
Castle,  was  first  described  in  1857  by  Mr.  Mansel- 
Pleydell  t  (then  J.  C.  Mansel)  and  by  the  Rev. 
J.  C.  Austen,  §  and  a  further  account  of  it  was 
given  by  Mr.  Mansel-Pleydell  in  1SS6.*  It  has 
also  been  studied  by  Mr.  Carus- Wilson  and  Dr. 
Turner,  whose  work,  however,  is  still  unpublished. 
When  I  commenced,  in  1894,  the  examination  of 
the  Tertiary  strata  of  Dorset  for  the  Geological  Survey  this  tufa 
was  mentioned  by  my  colleague,  Mr.  Strahan,  as  an  interesting 
deposit,  which  he  would  like  me  to  see,  he  having  already  traced 
out  its  limits  while  engaged  on  the  survey  of  the  Purbeck  strata. 
Mr.  A.  R.  Wallace  also  drew  my  attention  to  it,  and  it  was  partly 
in  his  company  and  in  the  company  of  Mr.  Mansel-Pleydell  that 

t  Communicated    by    permission    of    the    Director- General    of    the 
Geological  Survey, 

J  Papers  read  before  the  Purbeck  Society,  pp.  120,  175. 
§  I  bid.,  p.  124. 
*  Proc,  Dorset  Field  Club,  vol.  vii.,  p.  109,  1886. 


68  AN    EARLY   NEOLITHIC    KITCHEN-MIDDEN. 

the  following  observations  were  made,  Lord  Eldon  having  kindly 
given  permission  for  the  necessary  excavations. 

While  staying  at  Corfe  Castle  I  devoted  most  of  my  spare  time 
to  collecting  at  Blashenwell.  The  immediate  object  in  spending  so 
much  time  at  that  place  was  the  hope  that  this  fossiliferous  tufa 
might  throw  some  light  on  the  obscure  history  of  the  wide-spread 
sheets  of  unfossiliferous  gravel  which  cover  so  much  of  Dorset. 
This  result,  unfortunately,  was  not  attained,  for  the  tufa  proved  to 
be  of  later  date  than  I  at  one  time  thought ;  but  on  the  other  hand 
it  turned  out  to  be  exceptionally  interesting  as  an  ethnological 
storehouse,  as  well  as  from  the  point  of  view  of  the  naturalist 
studying  the  origin  of  the  existing  fauna  and  flora  of  Dorset. 

Blashenwell  is  a  farm  lying  about  a  mile-and-a-half  south-south- 
west of  Corfe  Castle  at  the  foot  of  the  ridge  formed  by  the  Purbeck 
strata.  The  farm  buildings  are  on  Lower  Purbeck,  and  the 
intermittent  calcareous  spring,  which  formerly  deposited  tufa,  rises 
in  the  stone-beds  of  the  Middle  Purbeck,  and  flows  across  the 
Wealden  Beds  into  a  brook  which  runs  northward  to  Corfe.  At 
certain  seasons  the  spring  turns  a  mill  at  the  farm  ;  at  others  it  is 
entirely  dry.  There  is  another  marked  peculiarity  to  which 
attention  must  be  drawn.  The  water,  once  so  highly  charged  with 
lime  salts  that  they  were  at  once  thrown  down,  now  seems  never 
to  deposit  calcareous  tufa,  though  the  water  is  still  exceptionally 
hard.  After  examining  the  spring  at  all  seasons  of  the  year  I  can 
find  no  deposit,  and,  as  will  be  shown,  the  formation  of  the  tufa 
apparently  ceased  before  the  Roman  occupation.  It  is  difficult  to 
say  to  what  cause  the  change  in  character  of  this  intermittent 
spring  was  due,  but  it  may  be  connected  with  the  destruction  of 
the  forests  which  once  clothed  the  slopes  above. 

One  is  inclined  on  first  examining  it  to  refer  the  tufa  to  some 
period  when  the  adjoining  valleys  were  less  deep  ;  but  a  closer 
inspection  shows  that  the  sheet  follows  the  existing  slopes  and 
must  have  been  deposited  when  the  contour  of  the  ground  had 
already  taken  its  present  form.  Calcareous  tufa  is  seldom  thrown 
down  on  a  dead  flat.  It  is  deposited  on  slopes,  or  even  on  the 


AN    EARLY    NEOLITHIC    KITCHEN-MIDDEN.  69 

overhanging  rocks  of  a  waterfall ;  for  in  such  places  the  disturbance 
of  the  water  causes  the  most  rapid  freeing  of  the  excess  of  carbonic 
acid  and  consequent  deposition  of  the  lime.  The  Blashenwell  tufa 
fills  a  shallow  depression  sloping  gently  towards  the  north-east. 
The  material  being  used  for  marling  the  land,  three  pits  have  been 
opened  in  it,  the  largest  and  most  interesting  lying  close  to  the  road 
about  250  yards  north  of  the  farm.  A  few  yards  to  the  north-west 
the  margin  of  the  deposit  was  proved  by  boring  ;  and  the  ancient 
settlement  about  to  be  described  seems  to  have  lain  on  the  dry 
bank  immediately  above  the  stream  at  that  spot.  In  this  pit  the 
dip  of  the  tufa  is  made  conspicuous  by  a  seam  containing  enough 
scattered  charcoal  to  change  the  normal  cream-colour  to  grey,  and 
by  its  parallelism  to  the  present  soil  to  show  that  the  surface 
contours  have  not  since  been  altered  by  erosion.  The  general 
section  in  this  pit  is  roughly  as  follows  : — 

Feet. 
Black  soil :   at   its   base    Roman   coins,    Romano-] 

British  pottery,  shells  of  oyster,  whelk,  cockle,  Y  1 

Helix  aspersa,  H.  ericetorum,  H.  virgata,  &c.      J 
Hard  tufa  with  leaves  of  hazel,  elm,  and  oak.  land-" 

shells,  flint-flakes,  and  charcoal. 
Granular  tufa,  fairly  soft,  flint-flakes,  bones  of  pig 

and  deer,  limpets  and  other  marine  shells,  land 

snails,   including    Glausilia    laminata,    Bulimus 

montanus,  &c.,  much  charcoal. 
Loamy  and   marly    tufa,   with   small   land-shells, 

occasional  Limncea  truncatula,  rare   flint-flakes, 

and  charcoal. 

Loam  with  stony  base. 

The  contrast  between  the  black  soil  full  of  fragments  of  Roman 

or  Romano-British  pottery,  and  cream-coloured  tufa  below  is  very 

marked.       The    Roman   layer  was  deposited  when  the  tufa  had 

ceased  to  form,  and  it  is  noticeable  that  not  only  the  pottery  but 

the  three  most  abundant  snails  found  in  it  are  entirely  missing  in 

the  tufa  below. 


70  AN    EAULY    NEOLITHIC    KITCHEN-MIDDEN. 

In  various  parts  of  the  pit  miniature  ramifying  caves  may  IDC 
seen,  corresponding  exactly,  on  a  smaller  scale,  with  the  caverns 
found  in  an  ordinary  limestone.  These  caves  usually  contain  a 
whitish  deposit  of  calcareous  cave-earth  sealed  up  beneath  a  hard 
thin  stalagmitic  crust.  Above  the  crust  is  sometimes  another 
blacker  deposit  containing  shells  like  those  of  the  Roman  layer  or 
soil,  though  below  the  crust  one  only  finds  the  Neolithic  species. 

At  the  southern  end  of  the  pit  Mr.  Wallace  and  I  discovered 
still  further  evidence  of  the  antiquity  of  the  deposit,  for  a  grave 
had  been  sunk  about  four  feet  into  the  tufa,  lined  with  slabs  of 
Purbeck  stone,  and  contained  the  skeleton  of  a  youth  buried  in 
a  contracted  position.  This  was  apparently  an  interment  consider- 
ably older  than  the  Roman  period,  probably  Neolithic.  Mr. 
Wallace,  who  examined  the  grave,  could  find  nothing  in  it  besides 
the  skeleton,  but  it  had  already  been  broken  into  before  our  visit. 
No  deposit  of  tufa  had  taken  place  after  this  grave  was  dug.  The 
Roman  layer  apparently  passed  over  the  grave,  though  that  point 
was  not  perfectly  clear.  Thus  we  can  prove  that  the  tufa  is  not 
only  earlier  than  the  Roman  layer,  but  had  ceased  to  form  before 
this  interment  took  place. 

The  next  point  to  decide  is  :  how  much  earlier  is  the  tufa  than 
the  Roman  layer,  and  for  this  purpose  we  have  only  the  fossil 
contents  to  guide  us,  for  it  rests  directly  on  Wealden  Beds.  The 
contents  of  the  tufa  are  so  singular  as  at  first  to  make  me  think 
that  the  deposit  might  date  as  far  back  as  the  Palaeolithic  Period ; 
but  closer  examination  convinces  me  that  it  cannot  well  be  older 
than  early  Neolithic.  Taking  first  the  ethnological  evidence :  we 
have  not  yet  discovered  human  remains,  though  we  have  abundant 
evidence  that  man  lived  in  the  neighbourhood  during  the  whole  of 
the  period  when  tufa  was  being  deposited.  Flint-flakes  and 
charcoal  occur  throughout,  though  they  are  most  abundant  about 
the  middle  of  the  deposit.  With  them  we  find  cores  from  which 
flakes  have  been  struck,  and  occasionally  a  rough  chalk-flint 
apparently  thrown  away  as  worthless.  The  flaking  is  of  the 
ordinary  Neolithic  type,  though  poorly  done  and  the  material  badly 


AN    EARLY    NEOLITHIC    KITCHEN-MIDDEN.  71 

selected.  After  examining  400  or  500  flakes  and  chips  no 
implement  of  any  sort  could  be  found,  and  not  a  single  flake  shows 
the  slightest  signs  of  secondary  chipping.  This  is  remarkable,  for 
the  flaking  was  evidently  done  on  the  spot,  and  one  would  expect 
to  find  at  least  one  or  two  damaged  implements  among  that  number. 
Pottery  also  is  entirely  absent.  Charcoal  in  small  fragments  is 
plentiful ;  and  was  probably  blown  or  washed  on  to  the  wet  surface 
of  the  tufa  from  the  settlement  on  the  bank  above  a  few  yards 
away.  Bones  of  pig,  red-deer,  roe-deer,  and  a  large  ox,  *  used  for 
food,  are  found,  but  extinct  mammals  are  missing,  as  is  also,  thus 
far,  all  evidence  of  domestic  animals  or  of  cultivated  plants.  None 
of  the  bones  have  been  in  any  way  carved  or  cut ;  though  the  number 
seen  is  too  small  for  this  negative  evidence  to  be  of  much  value. 

Broken  marine  shells  are  common,  especially  the  limpet,  which 
seems  to  have  formed  a  considerable  part  of  the  food  of  the  tribe. 
The  cockle,  oyster,  and  whelk  are  entirely  missing,  though  found 
in  the  soil  above.     The  complete  list  of  marine  shells  is : — 
Patella  vulgata 
Littorina  littorea 

littoralis 

Trochus  tumidus 
Scrobicularia  piperata 

Of  these  only  the  first  two,  the  limpet  and  periwinkle,  are  eaten 
at  the  present  day.  Littorina  littoralis  and  Trochus  tumidus  are 
usually  considered  inedible.  Scrobicularia  is  said  to  have  a  peppery 
flavour ;  it  is  never  eaten  in  the  south  of  England.  None  of  the 
shells  show  sign  of  fire,  so  the  shell-fish  were  probably  eaten  raw. 

The  marine  shells  are  all  species  that  could  be  gathered  between 
tide-marks  without  the  use  of  apparatus  of  any  sort,  except  perhaps 
a  stone  or  stick,  to  knock  off  limpets  and  dig  up  the  Scrobicularia. 
The  limited  assemblage  is  such  as  to  show  clearly  where  they  were 
obtained.  Except  Scrobicularia  these  molluscs  are  all  species 
found  on  a  rocky  coast,  and  just  such  an  assemblage  might  be 
gathered  anywhere  near  Chapman's  Pool  or  Durlston  without  the 

*  All  determined  by  my  colleague,  Mr.  E.  T.  Newton. 


72  AN     EARLY    NEOLITHIC    KITCHEN-MIDDEN. 

admixture  of  others.  The  absence  of  various  common  species 
shows  that  they  probably  did  not  come  from  Swanage  Bay.  The 
absence  of  Pliolas  suggests  that  they  did  not  come  from  the  soft 
chalky  foreshore  under  Ballard  Down,  where  also  Scrobicularia 
would  not  be  found.  The  entire  absence  of  cockles,  much  better 
food  than  any  of  the  species  eaten  at  Blashenwell,  suggests  that 
the  tribe  had  no  access  to  Poole  Harbour,  where  cockles  abound. 
Everything  points  to  the  neighbourhood  of  Chapman's  Pool,  two 
miles  or  so  from  Blashenwell,  as  the  place  where  the  shells  were 
gathered.  The  estuarine  Scrobicularia,  it  is  true,  is  not  now  to  be 
found  there  ;  but  when  the  coast  had  been  less  cut  back,  and 
extended  half-a-mile  or  more  further  seaward,  the  lower  part  of 
the  valley  was  probably  tidal,  and  Chapman's  Pool  would  yield 
exactly  the  assemblage  we  find  at  Blashenwell. 

No  remains  of  fish  or  birds  have  yet  been  found.  The  land- 
snails,  which  are  so  plentiful  in  the  tufa,  may  not  have  been  used 
for  food,  though  it  would  be  impossible  to  distinguish  between 
shells  broken  by  thrushes  and  those  broken  by  men. 

We  seem,  therefore,  to  have  evidence  at  Blashenwell  of  a  very 
low  race,  unacquainted  with  metals  or  even  pottery,  making  flint 
knives,  but  no  better  implements,  apparently  without  domestic 
animals  or  cultivated  plants,  and  living  principally  on  wild  pig, 
deer,  and  limpets.  The  remains  of  their  feasts  seem  all  to  have 
been  thrown  into  the  stream,  to  be  immediately  sealed  up  in  the 
tufa.  It  may  be  said  that  this  was  merely  a  horde  of  outcasts, 
such  as  may  be  found  picking  up  a  precarious  living  on  the  shore 
in  various  countries  at  the  present  day.  But  against  this  view  is 
the  fact  that  the  mass  of  tufa,  some  eight  feet  thick,  though 
undoubtedly  deposited  rapidly,  must  have  taken  a  good  many 
years  to  form,  and  traces  of  the  same  race  occur  throughout.  If 
higher  races  at  that  time  lived  anywhere  in  the  neighbourhood  one 
would  expect  to  find  an  implement  or  a  piece  of  pottery  ;  and  it 
seems  unlikely  that  they  would  have  left  one  of  the  choicest  sites 
to  a  lower  tribe.  On  these  grounds,  and  because  of  its  relation  to 
the  more  recent  interment,  I  would  suggest  that  this  kitchen* 


AN    EARLY    NEOLITHIC    KITCHEN-MIDDEN.  73 

midden  is  of  very  early  Neolithic  date.  The  accompanying  fauna, 
the  character  of  the  flaking  ot  the  flints,  and  the  unaltered  contour 
of  the  ground,  show  that  it  cannot  well  be  Palaeolithic. 

If  we  examine  next  the  remains  of  the  animals  and  plants  not 
brought  by  man,  we  learn  still  more  about  the  character  of  the 
country  at  that  period.  The  leaves  belong  to  the  hazel,  elm,  and 
oak — just  the  trees  that  we  should  expect  to  find  at  Blashenwell 
if  the  country  were  left  to  itself.  The  land  and  freshwater  shells 
are  all  species  still  inhabiting  Dorset,  though  the  character  of  the 
Isle  of  Purbeck  has  considerably  altered  since  they  lived  there. 
The  list  includes  several  distinctly  woodland  forms  ;  and  the  open 
country  species  so  abundant  in  the  Roman  layer  and  on  the  surface 
above  are  missing.  The  woods  in  that  neighbourhood  seem  to 
have  been  destroyed  in  Celtic  times.  The  complete  list  of  the  land 
and  freshwater  mollusca  from  the  tufa  is  as  follows  :  — 

Limnaea  truncatula  (rare  ;  the  only  freshwater  species). 

Hyalinia  cellaria  (abundant). 

crystallina  (common  at  the  base,  rare  above). 

fulva  (one). 

Helix  aculeata  (rare). 

nemoralis  (abundant). 

hortensis  (abundant). 

arbustorum  (common). 

hispida  (common). 

rotundata  (abundant). 

pulchella  (one). 

lapicida  (rare). 

Bulimus  montanus  (rare). 
Pupa  umbilicata  (one). 
Vertigo  pusilla  (one). 
Clausilia  rugosa  (common). 

laminata  (rare). 

Zua  lubrica  (rare). 

Carychium  minimum  (common). 

Cyclostoma  elegans  (abundant). 


74  AN    EARLY    NEOLITHIC    KITCHEN-MIDDEN. 

The  list  is  perhaps  more  striking  from  the  absence  of  so  many  of 
our  commonest  living  species  than  for  anything  else  ;  but  there  are 
two  which  call  for  special  attention.  Helix  nemoralis  and  Helix 
hortensis  are  represented  each  by  an  extreme  form  at  Blashenwell, 
and  these  occur  by  the  hundred  without  any  intermediate  forms. 
The  distinction  of  the  two  is  so  marked  that  no  naturalist  seeing  a 
large  series  from  Blashenwell,  and  unacquainted  with  the 
variability  of  the  living  snails,  would  for  a  moment  hesitate  to  say 
that  they  were  good  and  well-marked  species,  belonging  merely  to 
the  same  section  of  the  genus.  The  following  descriptions  will 
show  this  : — 

Helix  nemoralis  (from  Blashenwell). 
Shell   large,    depressedly   globular,    amber   coloured    or 
yellow,  without  bands,  lip  dark. 

Helix  hortensis  (from  Blashenwell). 

Shell  smaller  and  more  globular  than  H.  nemoralis, 
whitish,  bands  five,  two  narrow  above  and  three 
broader  below,  often  widened  till  they  become  con- 
fluent, lip  white. 

The  difference  is  not  due  to  deficiency  of  colour,  for  the  dark- 
lipped  H.  nemoralis  is  always  amber-coloured  or  yellow,  but  entirely 
without  bands,  while  the  smaller  white-lipped  H.  hortensis  is 
whitish  or  grey  and  five-banded,  a  single  specimen  only  having  one 
of  the  narrow  bands  missing.  The  banded  H.  nemoralis^  so  common 
at  the  present  day,  is  wanting  at  Blashenwell,  as  are  all  intermedi- 
ates or  hybrids  between  the  two  forms.  The  exact  meaning  of 
this  exceptionally  strong  contrast  between  the  Helix  nemoralis  and 
H.  hortensis  found  mingled  at  Blashenwell  is  not  clear,  and  as  yet 
I  have  been  unable  to  examine  a  sufficiently  large  series  of  these 
species  from  Palaeolithic  or  earlier  deposits  to  throw  any  light 
on  the  question. 

When  an  enquiry  of  this  sort  is  undertaken,  it  is  certain  to  lead 
one  into  all  sorts  of  by-paths  and  to  produce  results  quite  other 
than  those  expected.  The  examination  of  the  Blashenwell  tufa 


AN    EARLY    NEOLITHIC    KITCHEN-MIDDEN.  75 

was  commenced  in  the  hope  of  obtaining  some  clue  to  the  geological 
and  climatic  changes  of  the  county  and  with  a  view  to  collect  a 
good  series  of  fossil  plants.  In  neither  of  these  respects  was  the 
result  satisfactory  ;  hut  on  the  other  hand  we  have  obtained  an  in- 
sight into  a  prehistoric  period  of  which  little  was  known.  Several 
other  questions  have  been  raised,  and  one  of  them  I  should  like 
to  mention,  as  it  concerns  both  archaeologists  and  naturalists,  and 
we  need  their  help: 

Land  snails  are  not  generally  thought  to  be  of  much  account  for 
fixing  the  age  of  deposits ;  but  this  is  probably  a  mistake ;  they  are 
likely  to  prove  extremely  valuable  historic  medals  for  the  periods 
before  coins  were  used  or  history  written.  Several  of  our 
commonest  snails  seem  to  have  been  introduced  by  human  agency, 
in  all  probability  by  accident.  They  seemingly  did  not  come  in  all 
together,  but  one  by  one,  and  if  archaeologists  will  carefully  collect 
the  land-shells,  which  are  so  abundant  in  nearly  every  grave  on  the 
Downs,  we  ought  soon  to  arrive  at  the  date  of  their  introduction, 
and  so  be  able  to  use  them  for  fixing  the  dates  of  other  antiquities 
of  doubtful  age.  The  common  Helix  aspersa  of  our  gardens,  for 
instance,  I  have  never  seen  in  any  deposit  satisfactorily  shown  to 
be  older  than  the  Roman  invasion.  If  this  holds  good  it  will  be 
a  valuable  guide. 


€)n  a  SEhirltoinb  at  f  loxtoorth 


By  Rev.  0.  PICKARD-CAMBRIDGE,  M.A.,  F.R.S.,  &c. 


GST  of  us,   I  suppose,  have   observed  those  curious 
rotatory  gusts  of  wind  which  in  summer-time  raise 
the  dust  (and  even  sometimes  the  gravel)  along  the 
roads  in  a  spiral  form ;  sometimes  raising  the  dust 
high  into  the  air,   sometimes   running  a  course  of 
only  a  few  yards,  at  other  times  considerably  more. 
I  have  myself  seen  one  of  these  traverse  a  hay  field, 
carrying  the  hay  along  in  a  spiral  path  and  whirling 
it  onwards  high  in  the  air,  depositing  it,  as  the  force 
of  the  gust  died  away,  in  any  place  but  where  the  unfortunate 
owner  desired,  leaving  also  a  Avell  marked  and  cleared  track  of 
some  yards  in  width  behind  it. 

One  of  the  most  interesting,  in  some  senses,  of  these  1  witnessed 
in  the  month  of  June  last,  interesting  on  account  of  its  small  size 
and  perfect  development,  being  a  whirlwind  in  miniature.  I  was 
standing  on  a  gravel  path  close  to  my  house ;  the  path  was  covered 
with  loose,  light,  sandy  gravel,  much  mixed  with  minute  particles 
of  dead  leaves.  A  litttle  rustling  noise  at  my  feet  made  me  look 
down,  when,  with  the  slightest  possible  sound,  the  sand  and  dead- 
leaf  fragments  began  to  rise  and  move  along  the  path  in  a  spiral 
form,  rising  to  about  two  feet  high,  increasing  in  speed  and  width 
for  about  two  yards  or  so,  then  gradually  decreasing  both  in  speed 


ON  A  WHIRLWIND  AT  BLOXWORTH.  77 

and  width,  until  at  about  four  yards'  distance  the  whole  had 
subsided.  The  whole  performance  took  no  more  than  two  minutes, 
if  as  much.  The  cause  of  these  rotatory  winds  is  not,  I  believe, 
known  ;  but  whatever  it  may  be,  we  may  fairly,  I  think,  conclude 
that  it  is,  in  degree,  the  same  as  the  cause  of  those  whirlwinds 
which  are  of  much  greater  extent  and  often  do  great  damage  in 
their  course.  They  are  of  comparatively  rare  occurrence  in  this 
country,  but  are  sometimes  noteworthy  as  presenting  many  features 
in  common  with  those  of  enormous  extent  and  resulting  in  great 
destruction,  which  occur  in  tropical  regions. 

The  one  on  which  I  propose  to  offer  a  few  remarks  to-day  is  one  of 
a  kind  of  which  we  do  occasionally  hear  in  this  country  ;  but  it  has 
an  especial  interest  in  the  present  instance  because  its  path  from 
beginning  to  end  is  so  plainly  traceable,  and  its  eifects  not  only  dis- 
astrous but  in  some  points  curious.  This  whirlwind  took  place  just  at 
the  culminating  point  of  a  strong  south-westerly  gale,  on  the  10th 
of  November  last  (1895).  The  wind  rose  rapidly  during  the  day, 
veering  from  S.  to  S.W.,  and  continued  to  blow  heavily  with 
heavy  rain  all  the  evening  ;  the  barometer  fell  during  the 
day  very  nearly  three-fourths  of  an  inch,  and  reached  its  lowest 
point  (29  inches)  near  midnight.  At  just  a  quarter  of  an  hour 
later,  above  the  normal  noise  of  the  gale  I  heard  a  rushing  sound 
as  of  many  heavy  goods  trains  approaching;  it  roared  by,  and 
in  five  minutes  had  quite  passed  away.  The  gale  itself  almost 
immediately  slackened,  and  in  half-an-hour  or  so  all  was  still  and 
quiet.  On  going,  the  next  morning,  into  my  orchard,  I  was  little 
prepared  for  the  scene  of  devastation  that  presented  itself;  half 
the  orchard,  comprising  an  area  of  2J  acres,  was  as  complete  a 
wreck  as  a  dozen  or  score  of  men  could  have  made  of  it  in  a 
week's  work.  Almost  every  tree  was  uprooted,  some  lying  one 
way,  some  another  ;  and  looking  along  the  line  of  destruction, 
each  way,  the  timber  (mostly  oak)  presented  a  somewhat  similar 
wreck.  Some  trees  were  snapped  off  at  the  middle  of  the  trunk, 
others  (and  those  most  numerous)  with  almost  every  limb  torn  off, 
twisted  and  hurled  about  in  every  direction.  As  soon  as  I  could  I 


78  ON    A    WHIRLWIND    AT    BLOXWORTH. 

traced  the  path  of  the  whirlwind,  and  most  satisfactorily  marked 
both  its  beginning  and  ending  (these  are  shewn  on  the  map  which 
I  have  drawn  to  illustrate  it).  The  whole  length  of  the  course  is 
exactly  one  mile,  and  its  width  varies  from  60  to  80  yards.  It  is 
as  nearly  as  possible  a  straight  course,  and  its  edges  are  remarkably 
well  defined ;  though  heie  and  there  a  tree  somewhat  away  from  it 
is  destroyed,  and  there  are  at  places  a  tree  or  trees,  quite  in  the 
track,  untouched.  The  direction  of  the  track  is  exactly  S.W.,  no 
doubt  following  the  general  direction  of  the  gale  of  wind  blowing 
at  the  moment.  It  began  (see  map,  letter  A.)  by  uprooting  a  large 
birch  tree,  breaking  off  and  otherwise  mauling  a  lot  of  oak  trees, 
but  none  of  large  size.  Two  elms  and  various  oaks  were  thrown 
down  in  its  continuance,  until  it  reached  a  wood  of  timber  and 
coppice  (letter  E.),  where  several  oaks  of  considerable  size  were 
uprooted  and  many  others  torn  to  pieces,  leaving  a  very  well 
marked  path  through  the  wood  ;  thence  the  track  lay  through  my 
orchard  (letter  I).).  Here,  referring  to  the  plan,  you  may  see  that, 
crossing  the  orchard  in  a  diagonal  direction,  the  whirlwind  laid  low 
just  half  of  it,  as  well  as  broke  off  or  tore  to  pieces  several  oak 
trees  in  the  hedge.  The  apple  trees  were  all,  excepting  one  or  two, 
cleanly  and  completely  uprooted.  Some  of  them  were  lifted  and 
dropped  again  at  distances  varying  from  two  to  twenty  feet,  look- 
ing much  as  though  plucked  up  like  a  cabbage  plant  and  thrown 
down  a  little  way  off.  The  trees,  with  earth  and  all  adhering, 
thus  raised  could  scarcely  weigh  less  than  a  ton  and  a-half  or  more 
each  ;  they  were  not  thrown  down  in  one  direction,  but,  like  the 
oaks,  lay  some  in  one,  some  in  another.  The  force  of  the  wind 
thus  appears  not  only  to  have  come  in  a  spiral  form,  but  to  have 
had  also  a  distinct  upward  stroke.  The  rest  of  the  track  lay 
through  grass  fields,  and  the  trees  for  the  most  part  were  in  the 
hedges.  I  have  marked  in  the  plan  with  red  spots  the  sites  of  the 
principal  trees  destroyed.  At  the  bottom  of  the  orchard  a  transverse 
red  line  marks  the  position  of  a  large  limb  broken  off  and  blown  from 
an  oak  tree  at  about  sixty  yards'  distance  in  the  wood  below  it,  and 
shewn  in  one  of  the  photographs  exhibited.  Adverting  to  the  fcta 


ON    A    WHIRLWIND    AT    BLOXWORTH.  79 

of  some  trees  here  and  there  in  the  track  escaping,  I  may  point  to 
letter  C.  in  the  plan,  where  there  were  eight  or  ten  large  elms, 
some  of  them  directly  in  the  line  ;  but  not  a  twig  even  of  any  one 
of  them  shewed  signs  of  the  wind,  whereas  a  large  one  close  by  in 
the  fence  at  F.  was  broken  off  at  the  trunk.  Occurring  in  the 
middle  of  the  night,  it  was  not  witnessed  by  any  one ;  if  it  had 
taken  place  in  the  day  time  it  would  have  been  a  fine  sight,  and 
doubtless  a  bystander  might  have  stood  close  to  the  edge  of  the 
track  and  experienced  no  inconvenience  whatever. 

The  only  previous  occurrence  of  the  kind,  of  which  I  have  myself 
seen  any  such  effects  as  I  have  above  described,  took  place  in  Blox- 
worth  some  20  or  25  years  ago,  but  although  its  general  character  and 
effects  were  similar  the  latter  were  by  no  means  so  traceable,  or  so 
disastrous  ;  in  this  former  instance  the  path  of  the  whirlwind  was 
about  two  miles  in  length,  the  attendant  circumstances  were  also 
very  similar — viz.,  a  very  rapid  previous  fall  of  the  barometer,  a 
gale  of  wind  from  S.W.,  and  an  immediate  dropping  of  the  wind 
after  the  blast  had  gone  by.  I  have  represented  roughly  in  the 
plan,  by  red  spots,  the  various  trees  destroyed,  the  larger  spots 
noting  the  larger  trees ;  but  of  course  I  do  not  pretend  to  any 
exact  numerical  accuracy.  The  number  of  apple  trees  destroyed, 
however,  is  just  over  40,  and  they  average  from  8  to  15  inches  in 
diameter  of  the  trunk;  all  were  planted  by  myself  just  51  years 
ago. 

I  may  mention  here  that  the  photographs  I  have  shewn  were 
done  by  one  of  our  Members,  Mr.  F.  J.  Beckford,  and  kindly  given 
to  me  for  the  purpose  of  illustrating  my  account  of  this  whirlwind. 


on  the 

of  fesap  <§.  JftkhaeV* 
fe*age  JUl  Saints', 

READ   AT   THE    WIMBORNE    MEETING,   SEPTEMBER    10TH,    1895.* 


By  the  Rev.  Canon  Sir  TALBOT  H.  B.  BAKER,  Bart. 

GUSSAGE  ST.  MICHAEL'S  CHURCH. 


•HE  first  object  that  strikes  the  eye,  on  entering  the 
churchyard,  is  a  grand  old  yew-tree,  which,  wide- 
spreading  as  it  is,  is  said  to  have  lost  several  large 
limbs  in  recent  years. 

The  Church  presents  a  curious,  rather  than  a 
shapely  form,  as  viewed  from  the  X.  side.  The 
Tower  seems  unsymmetrically  massive,  and  the 
clerestory  is  disproportionately  high  for  beauty,  while  the  Porch, 
though  its  niche  and  four-centred  archway  prove  it  to  belong  to 
the  Perpendicular,  or  even  Tudor  period,  has  been  a  good  deal 
modernised,  and  the  Chancel  rebuilt  by  the  late  Mr.  Street  still 
looks  crude  by  the  side  of  the  dilapidated  old  work.  On  the  S. 
your  inspection  of  the  building  is  constantly  interrupted  by  masses 
of  ivy,  allowed  to  run  riot,  even  over  the  windows,  and  by  coarse 
young  elder  trees,  rendering  the  walls,  already  too  damp  by 
centuries  of  accumulation  of  soil,  still  damper.  This,  however,  is 
soon  to  be  remedied  under  the  careful  superintendence  of  Mr. 

*  This  paper  hats  been  altered  in  one  or  two  particulars  since  it  was  read. 


GUSSAGE  s.  MICHAEL'S  AND  GUSSAGE  ALL  SAINTS'  CHURCHES.     81 

Ponting,  to  whose  report  I  shall  frequently  allude,  e.g.  I  shall 
give  his  opinion  as  to  a  Norman  buttress,  in  the  centre  of  the 
W.  wall  of  the  Tower,  which  wall  has  no  window  or  doorway ; 
indeed,  there  is  no  external  doorway  anywhere  in  the  Tower.  He 
considers  this  buttress  to  have  supported  the  gable  roof,  which  ran 
E.  and  W.  to  cover  the  Norman,  or  lower  and  second  storey,  part 
of  the  Tower. 

You  enter  the  Church  by  an  old  door  riddled  with  notice  nail- 
holes,  with  good  ironwork  about  it,  and  if  you  have  any  archeeo- 
logical  feeling,  you  are  bound  to  exclaim,  "  Here  is  an  old  un- 
restored  Church  well  worth  seeing  !"  The  chief  part  of  the  fabric 
consists  of  a  nave  of  two  bays,  opening  into  N.  and  S.  aisles,  of 
Anglo-Norman  style,  circa  1180.  I  feel  bound  to  give  Mr. 
Ponting's  opinion,  however,  "  That  the  arcades  between  nave  and 
aisles  date  from  about  1320."  The  Tower  ground  floor,  \vith  its 
arch  opening  into  the  nave,  all  agree  to  be  the  oldest  part  of  the 
church.  The  perfectly  plain  imposts  of  the  piers  of  this  round 
arch,  also  the  narrow  window  slits,  with  rounded  heads  originally, 
though  now  cut  square,  to  carry  the  beams  of  the  ringing-loft,  are 
proofs  of  this.  They  are  of  the  early  Norman  style.  Within  the 
Tower  is  a  wooden  staircase,  leading  across  the  W.  wall  to  the 
ringing-stage  ;  well  worth  noticing.  The  tower  is  so  dark  that  I 
am  indebted  to  Mr.  Ponting's  report  for  the  information,  that  this 
staircase  is  of  oak — of  Jacobean  date.  He  calls  it  a  "most 
picturesque  arrangement,"  and  so  it  is  ;  but  it  cannot  compare  in 
picturesqueness  with  the  wooden  winding  staircase  that  serves  the 
same  purpose  inside  the  tower  of  Stratton  Church. 

You  should  look  at  the  round  axle  of  wood,  with  holes  in  it,  for 
the  insertion  of  levers,  between  the  two  front  uprights  of  the 
staircase.  This  is  said  to  have  been  used  in  lifting  the  bells  into 
the  Belfry.  It  could  not,  however,  have  been  so  used,  when 
occupying  the  precise  place,  where  it  now  is  found  ;  but  it  may 
easily  have  been  removed  to  that  place.  The  nave  bays  date  from 
the  next  period  of  work  in  this  church.  One  (or  two)  of  their 
columns  rests  on  a  huge  mis-shapen  base,  five  or  six  inches  high, 


82     GUSSAGE  s.  MICHAEL'S  AND  GUSSAGE  ALL  SAINTS'  CHURCHES. 

which  serves  also  to  support  the  Font.  The  font  is  circular  both  in 
bowl  and  base,  and  undoubtedly  is  coeval  with  the  nave  of  the 
church.  Mr.  Pouting  thinks,  from  the  unusual  height  of  these 
base  moulds,  that  they  served  as  a  bench  base,  or  seat  for  the 
congregation.  I  do  not  recollect  to  have  seen  such  an  arrangement 
for  sitting,  in  the  many  scores  of  churches  I  have  visited  in  most 
parts  of  England.  The  round  and  massive  columns  have  each  only 
a  slightly-cut  abacus  (or  cap  mould),  save  the  one  close  to  the  font. 
This  has  a  shallow  elongated  lozenge-shaped  moulding  in  addition, 
which  scarcely,  I  suppose,  can  be  called  a  dog-tooth  ornament. 
The  original  roof  was  supported  on  corbels,  which  still  exist,  and 
on  the  east  face  of  the  tower  you  will  see  a  bit  of  its  dripmould  ; 
but  the  Perpendicular  people  raised  the  roof  considerably  and 
built  the  clerestory,  yet  only  inserted  one  window  on  either  side. 
To  give  more  light  they  placed  two  windows  on  the  eastern  gable. 
In  Mr.  Ponting's  opinion,  however,  the  whole  of  the  E.  wall  is  of 
modern  construction.  Yet  Hutchins,  in  his  first  edition  dated 
1774,  speaks  of  there  then  existing  "Two  windows  on  the  E.  end 
of  the  body  of  the  church,  over  the  chancel."  The  Perpendicular 
people  added  the  upper  storey  of  the  tower,  with  the  well-propor- 
tioned windows,  and  to  this  period  belong  also  the  windows  of  the 
N.  and  S.  aisles,  and,  as  I  said,  the  skeleton  of  the  porch.  On  the 
E.  end  of  the  1ST.  aisle  are  mouldings  of  an  arch  resembling  the 
nave  arches,  which  prove  that  at  one  time  the  aisle  opened  into  a 
Chantry  chapel.  At  the  restoration,  under  Mr.  Street's  direction, 
this  chapel  roof  must  have  been  lowered ;  but  I  presume  that  so 
careful  an  architect  followed,  in  other  respects,  the  original  lines  of 
the  chancel,  with  its  window  and  arch  tracery.  Indeed,  the  entire 
double  arch,  opening  into  the  organ  chamber,  which  occupies  the 
place  of  this  Chantry  chapel,  looks  to  me  to  have  belonged  to  the 
old  church.  The  jambs  of  these  two  arches  are  without  imposts, 
and  their  mouldings  are  carried  up  continuously  from  base  to  apex. 
You  should  look  at  the  large  coffin-shaped  slab  of  Purbeck 
marble,  with  a  hollow  chamfer  round  the  edge.  The  traces  of  a 
cross  may  be  seen  on  the  top. 


GUSSAGE  s.  MICHAEL'S  AXD  GUSSAGE  ALL  SAINTS'  CHURCHES.     83 

You  should  all  go  into  the  tower  to  see  the  staircase  and  bell- 
lifting  apparatus  ;  also  please  look  at  the  rude  sitting  arrangement, 
if  such  were  intended,  round  the  S.W.  column  and  font,  while  the 
experts  will  kindly  give  me  their  opinion  on  the  date,  whether 
ancient  or  modern,  of  the  mouldings  of  the  two  archways  on  the  S. 
side  of  the  Chancel  wall. 

GUSSAGE  ALL  SAINTS'  CHURCH. 

Mr.  Stent  wishes  me  to  take  his  place  as  describer  of  his  church. 
The  task  is  not  a  difficult  one.  jSTo  one  need  be  told  how  well  this 
church  stands — a  veritable  city  set  on  a  hill.  Its  length  and  the 
position  of  its  Tower,  rising  on  its  S.  side,  and  about  a  quarter  of 
the  nave's  length  from  the  W.  end,  are  unusual.  Its  style — the 
Decorated — the  richest  of  the  Gothic  or  pointed  styles,  and  its 
being  built,  with  one  exception,  in  one  style,  are  other,  not  common 
features  about  it,  in  village  churches,  in  this  part  of  England, 
certainly.  I  may  as  well  point  out  the  exception  I  allude  to  at 
once.  The  two  storeys  of  the  tower  are  undoubtedly  of  the  E.E.  or 
preceding  period.  But  the  top  storey  is  Decorated.  The  newel 
external  staircase  to  the  belfry  is  an  architectural  gem.  On  the 
other  hand,  the  finials  (or  pinnacles),  on  the  top  of  the  tower,  are 
uncomfortably  supported  on  projecting  corbels  and  look  as  if  they 
would  at  any  moment  topple  over.  The  builders  seem  to  have 
been  mightily  afraid  of  a  settlement  in  the  W.  wall  of  the  Isfave, 
which  they  have  buttressed  up,  not,  as  usual,  with  one  angle 
buttress  at  each  corner,  but  with  double  buttresses  run  up,  at 
right  angles  to  each  other,  and  with  an  additional  support  in  the 
middle,  carried  as  high  as  the  window  sill. 

Passing  through  the  porch,  which  is  formed  out  of  the  ground 
storey  of  the  tower,  the  four  large  corbels  should  be  noticed  with  the 
emblems  of  the  Passion.  You  should  look  at  the  jambs  of  the 
entrance  door  ;  they  are  very  bold,  yet  simple.  You  may  notice 
some  mason  marks  or  dedicative  crosses  on  them, 

When  I  went  into  the  church  the  other  day  it  struck  me  that  I 
was  entering  a  handsome  college  chapel,  rather  than  a  village  church, 


84 

It  is  the  absence  of  aisles,  very  rare  in  an  English  church  of  this 
size,  that  gave  me  this  impression.  Then  the  bold  string  course, 
running  shoulder  high  along  the  walls  of  the  nave,  ar:d  surmounting, 
by  gradual  steps,  both  existing  and  disused  doorways,  is  remarkable. 
The  Font  is  contemporaneous  with  the  church  ;  it  is  of  Purbeck 
marble,  well  worn,  and  lined  with  lead.  The  internal  hood 
mouldings  to  the  windows  deserve  special  notice.  Perhaps  I 
should  call  them  the  headings  of  the  internal  arches  of  the  windows. 
They  are  ornamented  with  five,  and,  in  the  case  of  the  W.  window, 
with  seven  short  cusps.  You  should  observe  the  two  piscinae  in 
the  nave,  as  well  as  the  one  in  the  south  chancel  wall.  The  former 
were  discovered  in  the  course  of  the  restoration  in  1865.  So  the 
beading,  with  knops  at  its  end  in  both  cases,  must  have  been  added, 
and  so  probably  was  added  the  projecting  portion  of  the  chancel 
piscina,  and  its  supporting  angel  corbel.  For  the  account  of  the 
church  furnished  to  the  last  editors  of  Hutchins,  by  the  Incumbent 
(and  it  was  the  use  of  this  mode  of  getting  information  from  the 
Incumbent  of  each  parish,  about  his  church,  that  makes  some  of 
the  descriptions  of  churches  in  this  edition  of  our  County  history 
so  much  better  than  others),  tells  us  "  This  Chancel  has  been 
wholly  rebuilt."  This  was  under  the  superintendence  of  the  late 
Mr.  Ewan  Christian.  The  late  Mr.  Hicks,  of  Dorchester,  was  the 
architect  employed  for  restoring  the  nave. 

About  the  floors  lie  two  brass  plates,  with  inscriptions  dated 
1508  and  1574  respectively.  You  should  especially  observe  the 
canopied  arch  overhanging  a  slab  now  in  the  N.  wall  of  the  Nave 
towards  the  E.  This  is  probably  the  Founder's  tomb.  At  the 
restoration  of  1865  the  skeleton  of  a  large-sized  man  was  found 
beneath  it. 

The  arch  over  the  opening  to  the  organ  chamber  was  once  the 
chancel  arch.  If  this  be  the  case,  to  be  consistent  with  what  I 
gave  as  my  opinion  before  you,  in  the  somewhat  parallel  case  of  the 
Charminster  Chancel  arch,  I  ought  to  condemn  such  a  removal ;  but 
I  am  bound  to  say  that  had  that  arch,  with  its  contracted  height 
and  span,  been  rebuilt  in  its  old  position,  you  would  have  lost,  in 


GUSSAGE     ALL   SAINTS    CHURCH 


GUSSAGE  s.  MICHAEL'S  AND  GUSSAGE  ALL  SAINTS'  CHURCHES.     85 

some  measure,  that  bright  and  cheerful  effect,  which  the  loftier  and 
wider  modem  chancel  arch  gives  to  the  edifice  as  you  now  see  it, 
which  edifice  must  be  a  delightful  one  to  officiate  and  to  worship  in. 
There  is  an  Elizabethan  Chalice,  or  "  Coupe  "  (as  it  is  called  on 
the  inscription),  in  the  vestry,  which  you  should  look  at,  and  the 
Parish  Register  is  also  in  the  vestry  for  inspection  ;  it  dates  from 
1560,  but  the  similarity  of  writing  in  the  first  few  pages  show,  in 
my  opinion,  that  the  earlier  entries  were  not  contemporaneous. 


DESCRIPTION  OP  THE  BELLS,  BY  REV.  W.  HERBERT  STENT, 

VICAR. 

One  of  the  most  interesting  features  of  this  church  is  its  ancient 
bells.  Three  of  them  are  probably  coeval  with  the  top  part  of  the 
tower.  They  bear  the  following  inscriptions,  the  spelling  of  which 
is,  I  am  led  to  understand,  evidence  of  their  antiquity  :  — 


>0  goto, 
torn 

TENOR.       +  $u  <fe  <fde  gi 
TREBLE.  FEARE  GOD.     I.  W.     1621. 


The  stern  command  on  this  last  bell  bears  witness  to  the  different 
spirit  that  had  come  over  the  country  and  the  Church  in  the  17th 
century.  The  initials  I.  W.  are  said  to  proclaim  it  the  work  of 
John  Wallis,  the  famous  bell-founder,  of  Salisbury.  Rubbings  of 
the  inscriptions  may  be  seen  by  those  who  do  not  care  to  climb  the 
tower. 

To  some,  perhaps,  of  greater  interest  than  the  antiquity  of  the 
belfry,  will  be  the  recent  successful  repair  of  the  tenor  bell  by 
Herr  Ohlsson,  of  Lubeck,  a  Norwegian  brazier.  The  bell  was 
cracked  and  had  been  condemned  to  the  melting  pot.  But  we 
were  most  anxious  to  save  it,  and  having  heard  of  Herr  Ohlsson,  I 
entered  into  communication  with  him.  Numerous  authorities  on 
bells  prophesied  failure.  In  the  hope  of  saving  this  most  interest- 


86     GUSSAGK  s.  MICHAEL'S  AND  GUSSAGE  ALL  SAINTS'  CHURCHES. 

ing  feature  of  our  church  we  risked  the  cost  of  an  experiment. 
Herr  Ohlsson  came  here  rather  more  than  twelve  months  ago  ;  the 
bell  was  completely  restored,  and  I  may  add  that  it  has  been 
frequently  rung  and  constantly  chimed  since  that  time.  Two 
English  bell-hangers  who  have  recently  visited  us  (and  who  were 
amongst  those  who  predicted  failure)  now  consider  the  repair  a 
complete  success. 

Since  the  above  was  written  a  fifth  bell  has  been  added,  bearing 
the  inscription  "  Sancte  Jesu  Intercede  pro  nobis." 


Free.  Dorset  JV.H.  &  A.F.  Chib.VoL  XVII.  1896 . 


Mintem.Bros.lith. 


o    CorortopxiS,  L.'var.  cera."bopKylloxv,IiapirL 


©it  rt  |teto  gorsetshm 
dtonmopus, 


p  of  $Jlantago 


un. 


By    EDMUND    G.    BAKER,    F.L.S. 

£e«tf  February  llth,  1S9G. 


attention  was  drawn  to  the  question  of  Plantago 
Coronopus,  L.,  and  its  allies  during  a  botanical 
excursion  in  Ireland  early  in  June  last  year 
(i.e.,  1895).  Whilst  botanising  with  my  friend 
Mr.  Clement  Reid  on  the  extensive  sand  dunes 
at  Castle  Gregory,  co.  Kerry,  we  came  across 
a  peculiar  broad-leaved  hairy  Plantago,  which, 
being  markedly  different  from  typical  P. 
Coronopus,  Lin.,  at  once  arrested  attention. 
Upon  dissection  the  capsules  were  found  to  be  generally  3-celled 
and  two  seeded.  As  typical  P.  Coronopus,  L.,  is  3  or  4-celled  and 
3  or  4-seeded  we  collected  specimens,  and  I  determined  to  compare 
them  with  allied  Continental  forms  upon  our  return  home. 

A  little  later  in  the  year  I  spent  the  remaining  portion  of  my 
holidays  in  Dorsetshire,  at  Lyme  Regis,  and  searched  the  district 
pretty  thoroughly  for  Plantagos,  and  was  fortunate  enough  to  find 


88  PLANTAGO  CORONOPUS,  LINK. 

near  Charmoutli  a  plant  which  has  turned  out  to  be  of  rather 
special  interest.  The  Dorsetshire  plant,  though  allied  to  the  Irish 
specimens  in  some  points,  differed  considerably  from  them  in  habit : 
the  root  was  thicker  and  the  leaves  never  flat  on  the  ground 
(except  perhaps  in  the  very  early  stages)  but  erecto-patent ;  the 
lamina  of  the  leaf  was  3-5-nerved  and  the  lobes  rather  large.  The 
capsule  was  often  2-seeded,  but  this  was  not  at  all  constant,  as  the 
number  of  seeds  seems  to  vary. 

It  seemed  to  me  it  was  well  worth  while  to  endeavour  to  identify 
this  plant,  if  it  were  possible,  and  I  have  embodied  the  conclusions 
arrived  at  in  the  following  somewhat  fragmentary  remarks. 

Mons.  Decaisne  in  his  monograph  of  the  genus  Plantago  (De 
Candolle's  Prodromus,  Vol.  XIII.),  diagnoses  the  section  Coronopus 
as  follows  : — "  Plants  annuse  vel  perennes.  Corollse  tubus  dimidia 
inferiore  parte  villosus ;  capsula  sub-4-locularis,*  3-4-spermia." 

The  section  is  sub-divided  into  those  plants  with  rather  thick 
entire  or  sub-entire  leaves  and  into  those  in  which  the  leaf  is  flat 
and  either  dentate  pinnate  or  pinnatifid,  and  in  this  latter  category 
are  to  be  found  P.  Serraria  Lin.,  P.  macrorhiza  Poir.  and  P. 
Coronopus,  Lin.,  P.  Serraria,  L.,  is  principally  distinguished  by 
the  rachis  of  the  leaf  being  3-5-nerved  and  by  the  teeth  being 
remote  and  linear  or  lanceolate,  and  the  capsule  4-  or  by  abortion 
2-seeded.  P.  macrorhiza,  Poir.,  originally  described  from  Sicily, 
has  a  stout  root  and  fleshy  leaves  which  are  subimbricately  incised- 
dentate,  the  scape  is  pubescent,  and  the  capsule  is  described  as  being 
2-3-locular  and  2-seeded. 

[The  capsules  of  Todaro's  exsic,  No.  863,  which  is  quoted  by 
Nyman  as  authentic  for  this  plant,  have  been  examined  and  found 
to  be  as  described.] 

Under  P.  macrorhiza,  Poir.,  Decaisne  quotes  as  synonyms  P, 
crithmoides,~Desl,  P. coronopifolia,  Brot.,andP.cerafop/i?/#a,  Hoffm. 
and  Link,  and  Nyman  follows  him  in  so  doing,  adding  P.  negleda, 
Gussone,  and  placing  as  a  sub-species  P.  purpurascens,  Willk. 

*  Rarius  2-&permia  also  ought  to  be  added. 


PLANTAGO  CORONOPUS,  LINN.  89 

There  is  also  a  variety  of  P.  macrorhiza,  Poir.  *  which  has 
been  described  by  Gussone  under  the  name  b.  humilis ;  he 
characterises  it  as  having  a  slender  root  and  carnose  subcanescent 
leaves.  When  examining  the  figure  and  specimens  of  P.  ceratoplnjlla, 
Hoffm.  and  Link,  Fl.  Port,  p.  431.,  t.  74  (1809),  I  was  at  once 
struck  with  the  extraordinary  similarity  of  this  to  the  Dorsetshire 
plant.  It  is  originally  described  from  Portugal,  and  has  a  long 
thick  root  with  much  longer  leaves  than  in  P.  macrorhiza,  Poir., 
subpinnatifid  with  remote  lanceolate  segments,  the  rachis  of  the  leaf 
much  broader  than  in  P.  Coronopus,  L..  the  capsule  described  as 
having  3  loculi,  2  seminiferous,  and  one  smaller  sterile.  P. 
coronopifolia,  Brotero,  Fl.f  Lusitanica,  i..  p.  157,  appears  identical 
with  the  above. 

I  have  examined  the  capsules  in  a  number  of  specimens  of  P. 
ceratophylla  to  see  whether  they  are  as  has  just  been  described,  and 
find  them  generally  to  be  so,  trilocular  and  2-seeded,  but  not  by 
any  means  always  the  case.  As  this  is  an  important  point,  the 
Dorsetshire  plant  being  by  no  means  always  2-seeded,  I  may  say 
that  in  a  plant  collected  by  Bourgeau  on  the  banks  of  the  Guadal- 
quivir, No.  423,  and  quoted  by  Nyman  under  this  species,  in  some 
of  the  capsules  were  three  perfect  seeds,  and  in  one  capsule  examined 
were  four  seeds,  the  smallest  being  exactly  1  mill.  long. 

Before  attempting  to  identify  a  Dorsetshire  plant  with  a  Portugese 
species  it  seemed  advisable  to  submit  specimens  to  Prof.  Henriques, 
of  Coimbra,  who  has,  perhaps,  the  most  extensive  knowledge  of 
the  flora  of  that  country  of  living  botanists.  He  most  kindly 
examined  a  plant  sent  to  him,  obtaining  from  Lisbon,  in  order  to  be 
in  a  good  position  to  form  an  opinion,  authentic  material  of  the 
Portuguese  plant.  In  his  reply  Prof.  Henriques  states,  that  the 
Dorsetshire  plant  quite  agrees  with  his  herbarium  specimens  of 
P.  ceratophylla,  but  he  does  not  think  that  this  species  can  be  held 
to  be  specifically  distinct,  but  must  be  considered  as  synonymous 

*  Fl.  Sicula,  p.  192. 

t  A  plant  which  I  have  seen  so  named  by  Prof.  Henriques  from  near 
Coimbra  bears  out  this  statement,  but  has  a  rather  narrower  rachis. 


90 


PLANTAGO    CORONOPUS,    LINN. 


with  P.  Coronopus  var.  latifolia.  I  was  exceedingly  interested  in 
this  statement  as  it  coincided  almost  exactly  with  the  opinion  I 
had  already  formed.  It  seems  well,  perhaps,  to  give  in  parallel 
columns  the  distinguishing  characteristics  of  the  two  plants. 


P.  Coronopus,  Lin. 

Hoot  generally  slender,  annual 
or  biennial. 

Leaves  generally  spreading  flat 
on  the  ground,  more  rarely  sub- 
erect,  strap-shaped  or  linear,  one 
nerved  usually  furnished  with 
narrow  acuminate  ascending  lobes 
rachis  generally  not  so  long  as  P. 
ccratophylla 


Scape  usually  exceeding  the 
leaves. 

Heads  of  flowers  Jin. — lin.,  or 
more  long. 

Bracts  acuminate  longer  than 
the  sepals. 

Capsule  3-4  locular,  3-4  seeded. 


Hab— Widely  spread  in  Great 
Britain.  Distributed  also  widely 
in  Europe,  North  Africa,  and  West 
Asia. 


P.  ceratophylla,  Hoftm.  and  Link. 

Eoot  long,  thick,  probably  per- 
ennial. 

Leaves  suberect,  hairy,  oblanceo- 
late  in  outline,  generally  3-nerved, 
occasionally  5-nerved,  rachis 
broader  than  in  P.  Coronopus, 
Lin.,  apex  acute  or  subacuminate, 
segments  lanceolate,  r  e  m  o  t  e, 
occasionally  toothed  acute  or  sub- 
acuminate,  rachis  6  inches  long, 
sometimes  longer. 

Scape  longer  than  the  leaves 
towards  the  apex,  rather  more 
hairy  than  in  P.  Coronopus. 

Heads  of  flowers  1,  3,  or  4in., 
or  more  long. 

Bracts  acuminate  longer  than 
the  sepals. 

Capsule  trilocular  (in  the  original 
description)  described  as  2-seeded, 
but  judging  from  herbarium  speci- 
mens examined  evidently  some- 
times more  seeded. 

Hab  —  The  specimens  I  have 
seen  in  *  Herbaria  come  from 
Portugal  and  Spain.  Always  near 
the  sea. 


As  previously  stated  the  plant  sent  to  Professor  Henriques  for 
identification  was  gathered  on  the  beach  at  Charmouth,  but  Mr. 


*  P.  macrorhiza,  Poir.,  appears  to  me  to  be  easily  distinguishable  from 
P.  ceratophylla,  Hoffm.  and  Link.  This  statement,  therefore,  only  applies 
to  this  latter  plant  as  distinguished  from  the  former. 


PLANTAGO  CORONOPUS,  LINN.  91 

Reid  kindly  searched  Poole  Harbour  and  gathered  there  a  very 
similar  plant,  which,  though  perhaps  not  quite  so  broad  in  the  rachis, 
approaches  the  Charmouth  plant  very  closely.  If,  then,  we  accept 
this  Dorsetshire  plant  as  the  Portuguese  P.  ceratopliylla,  Hoff.  and 
Link,  we  have  an  exceedingly  interesting  addition  to  our  Flora,  but 
one  which  I  hardly  think  can  be  held  to  be  specificially  distinct  from 
Corojiopus,  L.,  but  is  very  easily  recognisable  as  a  well  marked 
variety. 

Prof.  Henriques  suggests  its  identity  with  var.  latifolia.  This 
variety,  which  first  appears  in  De  Candolle's  Flore  Francaise, 
tome  III.,  p.  41 7,  is  founded  on  Plantago  columnoe  of  Gouan's 
Illustr.,  p.  6. 

I  quote  a  portion  of  Gouan's  diagnosis  and  description — 

"  Plantago,  foliis  bipinnatis,  basi  lanatis,  foliolis  confluentibus, 
summis  auriculatis,  scapo  tereti. 

In  monte  Ceti,  Agatham  versus,  cum  priori  (P.  Coronopus)  oritur. 
Radix  crassa,  perennis.  Scapi  plures  8-16,  pilis  appressis  hirti, 
biunciales,  paulove  altiores,  alii  erecti,  alii  ad  terram  deflexi.  Folia 
basi  lanata,  scapis  triple  breviora,  hirta,  variabilia;  quandoque 
pinnata  (more  Scabiosarum  ut  notat  Bauhinus  confer  Bauhin, 
Prod.  p.  98.)  foliolis  utrinque  tribus  lanceolatis  mucronatis ; 
quorum  duo,  quse  proxima  foliolo  impari,  basi  deorsum  auriculata 

sunt Spica   in  omnibus  cylindrica  semiuncialis 

canescens,  fere  glatra." 

Specimens  of  Gouan's  plant  exist  in  the  Kew  Herbarium,  but  as 
neither  the  specimens  nor  the  description  quite  agree  with  the 
Dorsetshire  plant,  although  closely  approaching,  this  will  have  to 
be  referred  to  a  var.  ceratophyllon,  which  I  find  Mons.  Rapin  in 
1827,  in  his  "Esquisse  de  1'  Histoire  Naturelle  de  Plantaginees" 
described  of  P.  Coronopus,  it  being  founded  on  P.  ceratoplnjlla 
and  P.  coronopifolia,  Brot. 

PLANTAGO  CORONOPUS,  var.  CERATOPHYLLON,  Rapin,  Esquisse  de 
1'  Histoire  Naturelle.  de  Plantaginees  in  Mem.  Soc.  Lin.,  Paris  vi. 
(1827),  p»  482, 


92  PLANTAGO    CORONOPUS,    LINN. 

P.  coronopifolia,  Brotero,  Fl.,  Lusit  i.,  p.  157. 

P.  ceratophyUa,  Hoff.  and  Link.,  FL,  Port,  i.,  p.  491,  t.  74. 

Root  thicker  than  in  the  type,  probably  perennial.  Leaves  Gin. 
long,  sometimes  longer,  suberect,  hairy,  oblanceolate  in  outline, 
generally  3-nerved,  occasionally  5-nerved,  apex,  acute,  or  subacu- 
minate,  segments  lanceolate  remote,  occasionally  toothed,  acute,  or 
subacuminate. 

Scape  longer  than  the  leaves,  towards  the  apex  rather  more 
hairy  than  in  the  type.  Heads  of  flowers  lin.  to  3  or  4in.  or  more 
long.  Bracts  acuminate  longer  than  the  sepals.  Capsule  trilocular 
generally  (as  described  in  the  original  description)  2-seeded,  some- 
times more  seeded. 

Hab.  Portugal  and  South  West  Spain. 

In  Great  Britain — Dorsetshire  at  Charmouth  and  near  Poole 
Harbour. 

It  seems  advisable  to  bring  together  the  other  principal  named 
varieties  and  forms  of  P.  Coronopus.  As  far  as  I  am  avare 
only  the  first  has  been  definitely  recorded  hitherto  for  Great 
Britain. 

The  type  is  a  plant  with  narrow  generally  uninerved  lea\es, 
toothed  or  pinnatifid,  with  usually  ascending  scapes,  equalling  or 
exceeding  the  leaves  ;  spikes  J-4in.  long.  Capsule  3-4  celled,  3-4 
seeded.  It  is  the  plant  figured  in  English  Botany,  ed.  3,  tab.  MCLX., 
and  Ic.  Flor.,  Dan.,  t.  272,  and  judging  from  the  description  it  is 
the  «  vulgaris  of  Grenier  and  Godron,  Flore  de  France  Tom.  II,, 
p.  722. 

1.  PYGIVLEA,  Lange,  Haandbog  der  danske  Flora,  (1853). 

A  dwarf  plant  with  narrow  rachis  and  narrow  segments.  Leaves 
in  the  specimens  before  me  J-fin.  long.  Scapes  apparently 
generally  ascending  slender,  usually  only  just  longer  than  the 
leaves.  Spikes  globose  2-4,  possibly  sometimes  more  flowered. 

*  Recorded  from  Denmark. 


*  I  have  to  record  my  best  thanks  to  Dr.  Lange  for  kindly  sending  me 
specimens  of  this  plant. 


PLANTAGO    CORONOPUS,    LINN.  93 

*  In  Great  Britain,  recorded  by  Mr.   W.  H.  Beefy,  from  Yell, 
Shetland. 

In  the  Natural  History  Museum,  S.  Kensington,  there  are  speci- 
mens from  near  New  Romney,  Kent,  Coll.  F.  D.  Parker,  and 
St.  David's  Head,  Pembrokeshire,  Coll.  H.  N.  Ridley,  which  must 
be  referred  to  this  variety.  In  the  Kew  Herbarium  there  is  a 
specimen  from  Plymouth  Bancli,  probably  this  variety. 

2.  CRITHMIFOLIA,  Willk.  and  Lange,  Prod.,  Fl.  Hisp.,  Vol.,  II., 
p.  359. 

Leaves  not  carnose,  bipinnatipartite,  hirsute,  rachis  dilated 
towards  the  apex,  sub  3-nerved,  segments  oval,  lanceolate,  peduncles 
ascending. 

Recorded  from  South  Spain. 

3.  LATIFOLIA,  DC.,  Fl.,  Fr.,  Tom.  III.,  p.  417. 
Plantago  Columnce,  Gouan,  Illus.,  p.  6. 

P.  Cornuti,  Jacq.  Misc.  II.,  p.  351  ;  Ic.  rar.  i.,  t.  27,  non.  Gouan. 

P.  Jacquini,  R.  and  S.,  Syst.  III.,  p.  140. 

Leaves  not  carnose  hirsute  lanceolate  or  linear  lanceolate,  rachis 
broad  3-nerved,  segments  linear  lanceolate,  peduncles  ascending. 

Recorded  from  South  West  Europe  and  North  Africa  (Barbary). 

f  There  are  authentic  specimens  of  P.  Columnse,  Gouan,  in  the 
Kew  Herbarium.  The  rachis  of  the  leaf  is  not  particularly  broad. 

4.  MARITIMA,  Gren.  and  Godr.,  Fl.  Fr.,  Tom.  II.,  p.  722. 
Leaves  carnose,  smooth  or  ciliate,    linear   lanceolate   pinnatifid 

rachis  broad,  3-nerved,  segments  linear,  peduncles  erect. 
Recorded  from  France,  South  Spain,  Berlengas. 

5.  INTEGRATA,  Gren.  and  Godr.,  I.e. 
P.  Coronopus,  var.  simplex.  Dene. 

Leaves  carnose,  linear,  acuminate  subentire,  scarcely  dentate, 
ciliate  or  smooth,  rachis  sub  3-nerved,  peduncles  slender  erect. 

*  Mr.  Beeby  also  gathered  on  sea  cliffs,  Ollaberry,  in  the  Shetland,  an 
interesting  plant,  which  looks  like  very  luxuriant  pygmcea. 

t  There  is  a  slight  error  on  page  732  of  M.  Decaisne  Monograph,  which 
is  liable  to  mislead,  under  var.  /3.  Columnae  of  P.  Coronopus.  The  first 
synonym  should  be  P.  Columnoe,  Gouan,  and  not  P.  Cornuti,  Gouan. 


94  PLANTAGO    CORONOPUS,,    LINN. 

Recorded  from  Sweden,  France,  Spain,  Mediterranean  Region  ; 
reaches  South  Persia,  Canary  Islands. 

Sir  J.E.  Smith  in  the  English  Flora  places  as  var.fr  of  P.  Coronopus. 
Plantago  gramineo  folio  hirsute,  minor,  capitula  rotundo  brevi.  Dill 
in  Raii  Synop,  ed.,  3,  p.  316.  This  may  approach  the  above  variety. 

6.  CUPANI,  Dene.  in.  DC.,  Prod,  xiii.,  1,  p.  732. 

P.  Cupani,  Guss.,  Fl.  Sic.,  p.  190.    Ic.  Fl.  Sic.,  t.  70,  fig.  1. 

Leaves  rosulate,  with  narrow  rachis  and  narrow  segments, 
spikes  oblong,  bracts  ovate,  rotund  acute,  shoiter  than  the  calyx. 

Hab.  mountain  pastures. 

Recorded  from  Sicily  and  Morocco. 

This  is  very  different  from  type  P.  Coronopus,  L.,  especially  if 
the  plants  generally  referred  here  from  the  Atlas  mountains  are 
correctly  so  placed.  The  root  is  stout  and  probably  perennial. 

In  forma  tenuifoha  hirsuta,  Wirtgen,  the  leaves  are  very 
elongate,  with  narrow  rachis  and  segments. 

There  are  besides  the  above,  which  are  the  principal  European 
varieties  of  this  plant,  several  European  forms. 

Dr.  Wirtgen  in  his  VIII.  Fascicle  of  critical  Rhenish  Plants  dis- 
tributes a  form  of  P.  Coronopus,  which  he  calls  forma  bipinnatifida, 
the  leaves  being  bipinnatifid  with  narrow  rachis  and  segments, 
There  is  a  plant  in  the  Kew  Herbarium  from  the  cliffs  near 
Freshwater  Bay  which  closely  approaches  this  latter  form. 

There  are  still  remaining  several  well  marked  extra  European 
varieties  of  P.  Coronopus,  of  which  perhaps  it  is  only  necessary  to 
give  a  brief  mention  here. 

Var.  lomlydna  Dene.  I.e.,  has  leaves  with  pinnate  segments,  and 
has  short,  stout  peduncles.  It  comes  from  Egypt.  It  is  the 
P.  Coronopus,  Forskahl,  and  M.  Boissier  considered  it  worthy  of 
specific  rank  and  named  it  P.  crypsoides.  Var.  Ganariensis,  Dene., 
has  linear  3-nerved,  subentire,  or  shortly  denticulate  leaves,  and 
erect  peduncles.  It  is  recorded  from  Teneriffe. 

Var.  Moroccana,  Ball,  in  Journ.,  Linn.  Soc.  xvi.  p.  637,  is  a 
small  plant  with  a  rachis  sub  3-nerved,  long,  slender  root  and  spikes 
J-f  in.  long. 


PLANTAGO    CORONOPUS,    LINN.  95 

KEY  TO  THE  EUROPEAN  VARIETIES  OF  PLANTAGO  CORONOPUS,  L. 


*  Leaves  with  a  narrow  generally  1 -nerved  racliis,   rarely   sub 
3-nerved,  sometimes  enlarging  towards  apex. 

Q  Margin  of  leaf  entire  or  scarcely  dentate. 

Var.  integrata}  Gren.  and  Godr. 
0   0  Margin  of  leaf  more  or  less  lobed. 
+    Spikos,  few  flowered. 

Var.  pygmaca,  Lange. 
+  4-    Spikes,  many  flowered  (i.e.,  com- 
pared   with    preceding   many 
flowered). 

Racliis  of  leaf  not   conspicuously 
enlarging  towards  apex. 

Var.  Cupani. 

Rachis   of  leaf  enlarging  towards 
apex. 

Var.  critlimifolia. 

**  Leaves  with  a  broader  rachis,  3-5  nerved,  always  more  or  less 
lobed  or  segmented. 

Leaves  carnose. 

Var.  maritima. 

Leaves  not  carnose,  or  hardly  so. 
Var.  latifolia. 
Var.  ceratopliyllon. 


©n  %  (SolUrticrn  of 

Jfcssils  from  the  Epper  (Bmnsanb  in  ihe 

JBttsntm. 


By  A.  J.  JUKES-BROWNE,  B.A.,  F.G.S. 

Read  May  7th,  1896. 


3TJHE  collection,  which  is  the  subject  of  the  present 
communication,  consists  of  fossils  which  have 
been  obtained  from  certain  localties  in  North 
Dorset.  It  is  the  combination  of  several 
collections  made  by  different  persons  and 
presented  to  the  Museum  at  different  times. 
Mr.  Moule  informs  me  that  some  of  the  fossils 
formed  part  of  the  original  Museum  collection, 
many  were  given  by  Mr.  Summers,  of  Stoke 
Wake,  others  by  the  Rev.  C.  W.  Bingham,  and 
others  again  by  Mr.  Mansel-Pleydell. 

The  fossils  attracted  my  attention  when  visiting  the  Museum  in 
1893  under  the  guidance  of  Mr.  Moule,  and  I  then  recognised 
among  them  several  species  which  were  familiar  to  me  as  occurring 
in  the  Cambridge  Greensand,  but  which  had  never  been  recorded 
from  the  south-west  of  England.  Later  in  that  year  I  discovered 
the  bed  from  which  the  fossils  had  been  obtained,  and  found  that 


FOSSILS    FROM   THE    UPPER   GREENSAND.  97 

it  formed  part  of  the  very  topmost  bed  of  the  Upper  Greensand 
along  a  strip  of  country  which  is  about  twelve  miles  in  length.     It 
sets  in  near  Okeford  Fitzpaine,  which  is  not  far  from  Sturminster 
Newton,  and  is  traceable  as  far  westward  as  Dogbury  Hill,  north  of 
Mint  erne. 

If  my  readers  will  refer  to  the  map  of  the  Geological  Survey 
(sheet  18),  or  even  to  the  small  map  accompanying  my  paper  in 
Vol.  XVI.  of  the  Proc.  Dorset  Nat.  Hist,  and  Antiq.  F.  Club,  they 
will  see  that  the  line  of  junction  between  the  Chalk  and  the  Upper 
Greensand  runs  through   Ibberton,  Woolland,  and  Stoke  Wake, 
curving  southward  to  Melcombe  Bingham   and   thence  westward 
along  the  hills  south  of  Armswell  Farm  to  Bookham,   Buckland 
Newton,  and  Minterne. 

Along  this  line  of  country  there  are  many  small  quarries  and 
road-cuttings  in  which  the  rock  is  exposed  and  as  this  is  a  hard 
glauconitic  sandstone  of  a  decided  green  colour  it  is  easily  recognis- 
able.    Its    conspicuous  characters  and  the    fact   that  it  contains 
numerous  fossils  in  a  good  state  of  preservation  appear   to  have 
attracted  the  attention  of  local  observers  and  as  a  consequence  we 
are  fortunately  in  possession  of  a  good  collection   of   its   organic 
contents. 

Anyone  walking  along  the  foot   of  the  chalk  escarpment  from 
the  valley  of  the  Stour  will  find  the  first  trace  of  the  bed  in  a  sand 
pit  by  the  roadside  about  half-a-mile  south  of  Okeford.     The  section 
here  is  as  follows  : — 

Feet. 
Soft  glauconitic  marl  (base  of  chalk)         ...  ...       1 

Dark  glauconitic  sand  with  many  fossils,  containing 
in  the   upper  part  many   concretionary  lumps  of 
hard  calcareous  sandstone       ...  ...  ...       2 

Dark  green  sand  with  irregular  concretions  of  rough 
glauconitic  sandstone  passing  down  into  green 
sand  without  concretions  ...  ...  ...  27 


98  FOSSILS    FROM   THE   UPPER   GREENSAND. 

The  stony  lumps  in  the  top  bed  of  sand  are  remarkable  for 
enclosing  fragments  of  brown  phosphate  of  lime  and  green-coated 
phosphate  nodules. 

Further  west,  near  Stoke  Wake,  this  bed  has  become  a  nodular 
calcareous  sandstone,  that  is  to  say  the  whole  mass  is  cemented  by 
calcite  into  a  sandstone,  instead  of  being  merely  a  sand  with 
calcareous  lumps,  but  the  phosphate  nodules  are  still  only  in  the 
upper  part. 

At  Melcombe  Bingham  the  rock-bed  is  six  feet  thick,  and  the 
phosphatic  portion  is  about  two  feet ;  the  latter  is  crowded  with  frag- 
ments and  nodules  of  brown  phosphate  with  casts  of  fossils  in  the 
same-  material,  besides  which  there  are  many  fossils  in  an  ordinary 
state  of  preservation,  having  shells  of  calcite  (or  carbonate  of  lime). 

The  lower  part  of  the  sandstone  also  contains  fossils,  among 
which  Pecten  asper,  Janira  quadricostata,  Exogyra  conica,  and 
Ostrea  vesiculosa  are  most  frequent. 

The  upper  surface  of  the  rock  is  generally  uneven  and  waterworn 
with  cracks  and  hollows,  which  are  filled  with  the  material  of  the 
overlying  glauconitic  chalk,  the  so-called  "  Chloritic  Marl."  The 
sides  of  ihese  cracks  are  often  covered  with  small  Serpulce,  young 
oysters,  and  Plicatulce,  showing  plainly  that  the  rock  was  exposed 
for  some  time  to  the  action  of  a  current  in  clear  water  before  the 
chalk  began  to  be  deposited  upon  it. 

Moreover  fossils  belonging  to  the  "  Chloritic  Marl  "  or  basement 
bed  of  the  Chalk  occur  in  the  cracks  and  hollows  of  the  sandstone, 
and  would  naturally  be  regarded  as  belonging  to  the  latter  by  any- 
one who  was  not  aware  of  the  possibility  of  mixture.  The  chalk 
phosphate,  however,  is  much  lighter  in  colour,  having  generally  a 
buff  tint  and  the  adherent  matrix  is  a  soft,  fine-grained  marl. 
Many  of  the  Chalk  fossils  were  collected  and  mixed  up  with  those 
from  the  sandstone,  but  in  working  through  the  Museum  collection 
I  have  separated  these  out  and  have  relegated  them  to  their  proper 
place  in  the  Lower  Chalk  series. 

The  sandstone-rock  maintains  the  same  thickness  of  about  six 
feet  along  the  outcrop  west  of  Melcombe  Bingham,  but  the  thickness 


FOSSILS    FROM   THE    UPPER   GREENSAND. 


99 


of  the  portion  charged  with  phosphatic  nodules  and  fossils  becomes 
gradually  less,  till  at  Bookham  this  noduliferous  part  is  not  more 
than  six  inches  deep.  The  upper  five  or  six  inches  of  the  rock  in 
the  stone  quarry  on  Dogbury  Hill  also  contains  a  few  such 
phosphates  and  green-coated  nodules,  and  one  or  two  were  found 
in  a  quarry  at  Batcombe  ;  but  the  nodule  bed  which  is  so  fossili- 
ferous  there  and  at  Evershot  is  the  basement  bed  of  the  chalk  and 
not  the  top  of  the  Upper  Greensand. 

The  fossils  in  the  Dorchester  Museum  have  been  obtained 
mainly  from  exposures  at  Stoke  Wake,  Anstey,  Melcombe  Bing- 
ham,  and  the  roadways  south  of  Armswell.  The  following  is  a  list 
of  them,  the  first  column  indicating  their  mineral  condition  whether 
phosphatic  (P.)  or  with  sandstone  matrix  (S.),  the  second  column 
showing  how  many  occur  as  phosphatic  fossils  in  the  Gault  or  in 
the  Cambridge  Greensand,  and  the  third  how  many  occur  in  the 
Warminster  Greensand  : — 

LIST  OF 
THE  FOSSILS  IN  THE  DORCHESTER  MUSEUM, 


ij 

.^H      33 

L 

II 

Jl 

CEPHALOPODA. 

Ammonites  falcatns,  Mant. 

S.  and  P. 

X 

rhamnonotus,  Seeley 

P. 

X 

Rauliriianus  (?),  d'Orb. 

P. 

X 

rostratus,  Sow. 

S.  and  P. 

X 

splendens,  Soiv.  (var.) 

P. 

X 

Studeri,  P.  and  Camp. 

P. 

X 

varians,  Sow.  (one  specime 

) 

S. 

X 

Vraconnensis  (?)  Pictet 

P. 

X 

Anisoceras  armatus,  Sow. 

P. 

X 

,,           rotundus  (?),  Sow.    . 

P. 

X 

Baculites  baculoides,  Soiv. 

P. 

X 

X 

Nautilus  sp.... 

P. 

Turrilites  Bergen,  Brong. 
,,         Puzosianus,  d'Orb,    . 

P. 
P. 

X 
X 

X 

100 


FOSSILS   FROM   THE   UPPER   GREENSAND. 


Mineral 
condition. 

Cambridge 
Greensand. 

Wanninster 
Sand. 

GASTEROPODA. 

Avellana  incrassata,  Mant. 

p. 

X 

Fusus  like  bilineatus,  P.  and  Eoux 

p. 

X 

9 

Pleurotomaria  Gibbsii  (?)  or  lima,  d'Orb. 

p. 

X 

„           sp.  2  with  shell  ... 

p. 

,,           sp.  3  (casts) 

p. 

X 

„           sp.  4  (casts)        ...            

p. 

,,            sp.  5  (casts) 

p. 

Solarium  Binghami,  Baily 

Calcit< 

) 

Trochus(?)     

p. 

LAMELLIBRANCHIATA. 

Area  (Cuculleea)  <iequilateralis  (?)  Briart  and  Corn. 

p. 

,,         glabra,  Park. 

p. 

X 

Galliennei,  d'Orb.            ...            

p. 

Mailleana,  d'Orb. 

p. 

X 

pholadiformis,  d'Orb. 

p. 

serrata  (?>,  d'Orb. 

p. 

Cardium  alutaceum,  Miinster  ... 

S. 

Cardita  Cottaldina  (?),  d'Orb.     .. 

p. 

,,      dubia  d'Orb.  or  tenuicosta  (var.)  Sow.     ... 

p. 

X 

Corbula  sp.    ... 

p. 

Exogyra  columba,  Sow. 

S. 

„      conica,  Sow.    ... 

s. 

X 

Lima  semisulcata,  Sow. 

S. 

X 

,,    semiornata  (?),  d'Orb. 

s. 

X 

Mactra  sp.  ?  ... 

p. 

Modiolasp.    ... 

p. 

Ostrea  canaliculata,  Sow. 

s. 

X 

carinata,  Sow.  (  =  Irons  Park.)  ... 

s. 

X 

X 

vesiculosa,  Sow. 

s. 

Pecten  asper,  Sow. 

s. 

X 

Galliennei,  d'Orb. 

s. 

X 

orbicularis,  Sow. 

s. 

X 

X 

(Janira)  sequicostata,  d'Orb. 

s. 

X 

,,        cometa,  d'Orb. 

s. 

X 

,,        quadricostata,  Sow.  (large) 
,,        quinquecostata,  Sow.    ... 

s. 
s. 

X 

X 

Pectunculus  sublsevis,  Sow. 

p. 

X 

Plicatula  inflata,  Sow. 

p. 

X 

X 

Spondylus  Omalii  (?),  d'Arch.  ... 

s. 

X 

,,         striatus,  Sow. 

s. 

X 

Tellina  striatula,  Park. 

p. 

Trigpnia  crenulifera,  Lye. 

p. 

,,       spinosa,  Park. 

s. 

X 

,,       Vicaryana,  Lye. 

p. 

Unicardium  sp. 

p. 

Venus  sp. 

p. 

FOSSILS    FROM   THE    UPPER   GREENSAND. 


101 


|| 

Cambridge 
Greensand. 

Warminster 
Sand. 

BRACHIOPODA. 

Rhynchonella  convexa,  Sow.   ... 
,,            dimidiata,  Sow.  ... 

S. 
S.  and  P. 

X 

X 
X 

„            Grasiana,  d'Orb. 

S. 

X 

,,           Mantelliana,  Sow. 

S. 

X 

„            Schloenbachi,  Dav. 

s. 

X 

„           Wiestii,  Dav.     ... 

s. 

Terebratula  biplicata,  Sow. 

S.  and  P. 

X 

X 

,,          arcuata,  Roem.     ... 

S. 

„           ovata,  Sow. 

S.  and  P: 

X 

,,          semiglobosa,  Sow. 

S. 

X 

„           squammosa,  Mant. 

S. 

X 

Terebratella  Beaumonti,  d'Arch. 

S. 

„          Menardi,  d'Orb.    ... 

s. 

X 

,,          pectita,  Sow. 

s. 

X 

„          sp.  (young) 

s. 

Terebrirostra  lyra,  Sow. 

s. 

X 

Terebratulina  striata,  Wahl.  ... 

s. 

X 

ANNELIDA. 

Ditrupa  difformis,  Lam. 

s. 

X 

Serpula  antiquata,  Sow. 

s. 

X 

X 

„       sp.  (small)      ... 

s. 

Galeolaria  plexus,  Sow. 
Vermicularia  concava,  Sow.    ... 

s. 
s. 

X 
X 

ECHINODERMATA. 

Caratomus  rostratus,  Ag. 

s. 

X 

Catopygus  Columbarius,  Lam, 
Discoidea  subuculus,  Leske. 

S.  and  P. 
S.  and  P. 

X 
X 

Echinobrissus  lacunosus,  Goldf. 

S. 

X 

Echinoconus  castaneus,  Brong. 

S. 

Goniophorus  lunulatus,  Ag.     ... 
Holaster  Icevis,  Deluc... 

s. 

S.  and  P. 

X 

X 
X 

Peltastes  clathratus,  Ag. 

S. 

X 

• 

Pentacrinus  sp. 
Pseudodiadema  Bennettice,  Forbes        ... 

S. 
S.  and  P. 

X 

,,             variolare  var.  Roissyi  ... 

S. 

X 

Salenia  petalifera,  Desm. 

S. 

X 

POLYZOA. 

Ceriopora  papularia,  d'Orb. 
Desmepora  semicylindrica  (?),  Dixon     ... 
Onychosella  sp. 
Pustulipora  pustulosa  (?),  Mich. 

S. 

s. 
s. 
s. 

X 

Radiopora  ornata,  d'Orb. 

• 

102  FOSSILS    FROM    THE    UPPER    GREENSANb. 


§| 

#1 

—  — 
•a  5 

ACTINZOA. 

Micrabacia  coronula,  Gold/.     ... 

S. 

X 

HYDROZOA  ? 

Parkeria  (three  species  or  varieties) 

P. 

X 

SPONGIDA. 

Siphonia  tulipa,  Zittel. 

P. 

It  will  be  seen  from  the  above  list  that  a  certain  number  of  these 
species  occur  in  the  bed  known  as  the  Cambridge  Greensand  among 
fossils  which  have  been  washed  out  of  the  Gault.  Many  of  them 
also  occur  in  the  Upper  Gault  and  in  the  micaceous  sandstone  of 
Devizes,  but  few  of  them  range  up  to  the  summit  of  the  Greensand. 
Some  of  them,  such  as  Ammonites  rhamnonotus  and  Am. 
Vraconnensis  have  not  been  found  anywhere  else  in  the  south  of 
England  and,  as  English  fossils,  were  only  previously  known  from 
the  Cambridge  Greensand  ;  Am.  Studeri  again  is  only  known  from 
near  Cambridge  and  from  one  bed  in  the  Upper  Gault  of  Folke- 
stone. 

Most  of  the  fossils  which  belong  to  this  older  fauna  are 
phosphatic  casts,  and  some  of  the  casts  have  evidently  been 
derived  from  some  older  deposit.  Some  of  them  have  been 
worn  and  rolled  before  being  embedded  in  the  sandstone,  others 
are  sharp  casts,  but  bear  no  trace  of  shell,  and  have  small  oysters 
and  Serpulse  on  their  surface. 

Some  of  the  phosphatised  fossils,  however,  especially  those 
which  had  thick  shells,  such  as  Area,  Cardita,  and  Pectunculus, 
have  the  shell  preserved,  but  replaced  by  phosphate  of  lime. 
Again,  some  of  the  casts  have  only  a  thin  layer  of  smooth  phos- 
phate, the  interior  being  apparently  a  mixture  of  the  phosphate  and 
sand,  as  if  the  phosphatisation  had  in  these  cases  been  accomplished 


FOSSILS   FROM   THE   UPPER   GREENSA^D.  103 

after  their  embedment  in  the  sand.  The  specimens  of  Siphonia 
tulipa  also  are  filled  with  the  sandstone  matrix  and  have  the 
appearance  of  having  been  phosphatised  in  situ.  They  resemble, 
indeed,  those  which  occur  in  the  upper  part  of  the  Upper  Green- 
sand  of  the  Isle  of  Wight.  Lastly,  there  is  a  cast  of  Ammonites 
rostratus  in  a  sandstone  matrix  without  any  phosphatic  matter, 
though  this  species  has  never  before  been  recorded  as  an  underived 
fossil  from  so  high  a  position  in  the  Upper  Greensand. 

It  is  at  present  beyond  my  power  to  explain  all  these  anomalies  ; 
why  the  same  species  should  occur  in  different  states  of  mineralisa- 
tion;  why  some  specimens  seem  to  be  derived  from  an  older 
deposit  while  others  do  not ;  and  why  this  nodule  bed  at  the  very 
summit  of  the  Greensand  in  Dorset  should  yield  an  assemblage  of 
fossils  which  in  other  parts  of  the  country  are  not  found  together. 
I  can  only  state  the  facts  and  leave  the  matter  for  future 
elucidation. 

It  is,  however,  the  phosphatic  fossils  which  create  the  difficulty  : 
apart  from  the  occurrence  of  Ammonites  rostratus  in  the  sandstone 
the  fossils  which  occur  as  shells  or  as  sandstone  casts  are  such  as 
might  be  expected  at  this  geological  horizon.  Most  of  them  are 
found  in  the  bed  of  sand  which  forms  the  uppermost  member  of 
the  Upper  Greensand  at  Warminster,  and  which  has  long  been 
celebrated  for  the  number  of  its  fossils  and  their  excellent  state  of 
preservation.  There  cannot  be  a  doubt  that  the  majority  of  the 
fossils  found  in  Dorset  sandstone  belong  to  the  fauna  of  the  zone 
which  Dr.  Barrois  has  called  the  zone  of  Pecten  asper. 

Thus  if  we  exclude  the  fossils  which  only  occur  as  phosphatic 
casts,  the  total  number  of  named  species  from  this  sandstone  is  60, 
and  of  these,  45  occur  at  Warminster,  or  about  75  per  cent.  The 
number  of  species  found  in  a  phosphatic  condition  is  38,  and  of 
these,  22  occur  in  the  Gault,  or  as  derived  phosphates  in  the 
Cambridge  Greensand  ;  this  is  only  about  58  per  cent.,  a 
proportion  which  confirms  the  statement  already  made  that  the 
phosphates  are  not  all  derived  fossils,  for  they  are  not  all  members 
of  the  fauna  of  the  Am.  rostratus  zone. 


104  FOSSILS    FROM    THE    UPPER    GREENSAND. 

In  conclusion,  I  may  remark  that  this  bed  of  sandstone,  and  the 
fossils  it  contains,  should  have  a  special  interest  for  the  geological 
members  of  our  Club,  because  there  is  nothing  exactly  like  it 
elsewhere,  and  because  it  is  entirely  confined  to  the  county  of 
Dorset.  It  is  unusual  for  a  bed  of  phosphatic  nodules  to  occur  at 
the  top  of  a  formation.  They  are  generally  basement  beds 
occurring  above  and  not  below  a  plane  of  erosion,  and  when  a 
nodule  bed  in  this  position  also  contains  a  peculiar  set  of  fossils, 
including  some  which  generally  occur  in  much  lower  parts  of  the 
same  formation,  the  interest  attaching  to  it  becomes  of  more  than 
local  importance. 


REMARKS  ON  SOME  OF  THE  SPECIES. 

Ammonites  rhamnonotus,  Seeley  (1865).  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist., 
Vol.  XVL,  p.  233,  PI.  XL,  fig.  7. 

This  species  was  first  described  by  Prof.  H.  G.  Seeley  from 
specimens  obtained  from  the  Cambridge  Greensand,  but  derived 
originally  from  the  Gault,  like  most  of  the  other  fossils  in  the 
Cambridge  nodule-bed.  It  has  never  been  recognised  elsewhere  in 
England,  but  was  found  in  France  by  Prof.  Hebert  in  beds  of 
Gault  age  (Depmt  du  Gard),  and  described  by  him  in  1875  under 
the  name  of  Am.  gardonicus  (Ann.  Sciences  Geol.,  Tom.  vi.,  p.  113, 
PI.  IV.,  figs.  1,  2). 

I  have  compared  the  Dorset  specimens  with  Cambridge 
specimens,  and  with  casts  of  Am.  gardonicus  given  me  by  the  late 
Prof.  Hebert,  and  find  them  correspond  in  every  particular.  When 
young,  the  ribs  curve  slightly  forward  in  passing  over  the  back, 
and  bear  three  small  swellings  or  tubercles,  one  in  the  middle  and 
one  on  each  side  of  the  back  ;  these  swellings,  however,  disappear 
with  age,  and  on  the  later  whorls  of  a  full-grown  shell  the  ribs  are 
nearly  straight,  passing  evenly  over  the  back  without  any 
interruption. 

Am.  rhamnonotus  is  a  rare  fossil  at  Cambridge,  but  is  not 
uncommon  in  the  Dorset  bed. 


FOSSILS   FROM   THE   UPPER   GREENSAND.  105 

Ammonites  dispar  of  d'Orbigny  is  a  closely  allied  species,  but 
differs  in  several  respects  from  Am.  rhamnonotus.  In  dispar  the 
ribs  are  straight  and  pass  evenly  over  the  back  of  the  young  shell, 
while  the  last  part  of  the  whorl  is  almost  smooth,  only  a  few  ribs 
starting  at  wide  intervals  from  the  umbilicus,  and  failing  to  reach 
the  back.  Whether  the  forms  referred  to  dispar  by  Pictet  and 
Campiche  are  really  that  species  or  belong  to  rhamnonotus  can  only 
be  determined  by  a  comparison  of  English,  French,  and  Swiss 
types. 

Ammonites  varians,  Sow.  This  is  a  common  fossil  in  the 
Chloritic  and  Chalk  Marls,  but  is  very  rarely  found  in  the  Upper 
Greensand  and  only  in  the  highest  beds.  In  the  Dorchester 
collection  there  is  only  one  specimen  of  this  species  from  the 
sandstone,  but  Mr.  Rhodes  collected  several  for  the  Geological 
Survey,  together  with  some  specimens  which  Mr.  Sharman  believes 
to  be  Am.  Salteri  (Sharpe),  a  species  which  has  similar  ribs,  but  no 
keel  on  the  back. 

Solarium  Binghami,  Baily.  The  Museum  contains  a  well- 
preserved  cast  in  calcite  of  a  pretty  little  Solarium,  and  I  found  it 
labelled  "  S.  Binghami,  Baily,"  probably  as  Mr.  Moule  tells  me  by 
Mr.  Baily  himself,  who  named  some  of  the  fossils  many  years  ago. 
I  have  not  been  able  to  find  out  whether  it  was  only  a  manuscript 
name  or  whether  the  shell  was  described  by  Baily.  The  species  is 
mentioned  by  H.  G.  Seeley  in  the  Geologist,  Vol.  VII.,  p.  89 
(1864),  but  though  the  name  is  credited  to  Baily,  no  reference  is 
given  to  any  previous  description,  nor  is  any  locality  given  for  the 
fossil.  There  is,  however,  a  very  rough  sketch  of  the  shell  in  the 
plate  accompanying  Mr.  Seeley's  paper,  and  this  sketch  might  have 
been  taken  from  the  specimen  in  the  Dorchester  Museum,  though, 
if  so,  it  should  not  have  been  included  among  Chalk  Mollusca. 

Area  glabra,  Park.,  with  which  I  associate  A.  fibrosa>  as  a  mere 
variety,  has  been  figured  in  many  monographs,  and  is  a  common 


106  FOSSILS    FROM   THE   UPPER   GREENSAtfD. 

shell  in  the  lower  part  of  the  Upper  Greensand.  In  the  top  rock 
of  North  Dorset  it  occurs  with  the  shell  preserved  in  phosphate  ; 
and  with  it  is  another  variety  or  species,  which  is  sharply  keeled  on 
the  anal  side,  having  also  a  second  smaller  keel  or  ridge  between 
the  larger  keel  and  the  hinge  line.  This  comes  nearer  to  Area 
cequilateralis  (Briart  and  Cornet)  from  the  Meule  de  Bracquegnies 
than  to  any  other  figured  form. 

Cardita  cottaldina  (?),  d'Orb.,  Pal.  Franc.  Terr.  Cret.,  Vol.  III., 
PI.  269,  fig.  6-8.  An  inflated  species  of  Cardita  is  common  among 
the  Dorset  phosphates,  and  I  have  provisionally  referred  it  to 
G.  cottaldina,  though  it  has  also  some  resemblance  to  the  C.  rotundata 
of  Pictet  and  Roux  (Gres  Verts.,  PI.  33,  fig.  6). 

The  shell  itself  is  not  unfrequently  preserved  in  phosphate,  but 
the  outer  surface  is  seldom  in  good  condition.  It  is  thick,  inflated, 
and  squarish,  and  the  umbones  are  near  the  anterior  border  ;  in  all 
these  respects  it  differs  from  C.  tenuicosta,  which  is  an  oval  shell, 
thinner  and  shallower,  and  with  more  delicate  costse  than  C.  cot- 
taldina. 

Cardium  alutaceum,  Miinst,  in  Goldfuss  Petref.  Germ.  Tab.  144, 
fig.  5.  There  are  three  specimens  of  a  peculiar  Cardium  in  the 
collection  at  Dorchester,  and  in  one  of  them  the  shell  is  partly 
preserved,  showing  a  series  of  close  set  radiating  ribs,  each  one 
bearing  a  number  of  small  even-sized  tubercles. 

So  far  as  one  can  judge  by  comparing  the  specimen  with  the 
figure  of  C.  alutaceum,  it  seems  to  agree  with  that  species.  It  may 
also  be  mentioned  that  Mr.  Meyer  possesses  specimens  of  a  Cardium 
from  the  Cenomanian  of  the  Devon  coast  (zone  of  Am.  Mantelli) 
which  he  refers  to  the  same  species.  It  has  not  been  recorded 
from  any  other  locality  in  England. 

Rhynchonella  Mantelliana,  Sow.  This  is  essentially  a  Chalk 
marl  species,  but  it  does  occur  occasionally  in  the  Greensand  of 
Chute  and  Bye  Hill,  near  Warminster.  Those  in  the  correspond- 


FOSSILS   FROM   TfiE   UPfEU   GfcEEKSAND.  107 

ing  Dorset  Greensand  are,  however,  a  well-marked  race  or  variety, 
most  of  them  being  as  long  as  they  are  wide,  and  some  even 
longer,  the  umbones  being  produced  till  the  apical  angle  is  only  45° 
or  even  less,  and  the  shell  has  in  consequence  a  triangular  shape. 
Should  the  same  form  be  found  at  other  localities,  and  at  the  same 
horizon,  it  may  perhaps  deserve  a  special  name,  but  for  the  present 
it  may  be  regarded  as  a  local  race  of  Rh.  Mantelliana. 

Terebratella  Beaumonti,  d'Arch.,  Mem.  Soc.  Geol.  de  France, 
Ser.  2,  Tom.  II.,  p.  331,  PI.  XXL,  figs.,  12-14. 

There  are  in  the  Dorset  collection  several  specimens  of  a  small 
Brachiopod,  having  the  aspect  of  a  Terebratella,  and  resembling 
that  figured  by  d'Archiac  as  Ter.  Beaumonti.  They  only  differ  in 
having  a  few  more  ribs  than  his  types,  and  thus  approach  Ter. 
Fittoni,  which,  however,  has  a  still  larger  number.  T.  Beaumonti 
is  described  as  having  from  12  to  14  ribs,  which  are  straight, 
rounded,  and  separate,  while  in  T.  Fittoni  most  of  the  ribs  are 
dichotomous,  so  that  round  the  edge  of  the  valves  from  24  to  40 
may  be  counted.  The  number  on  the  Dorset  specimens  is  from  15 
to  18,  and  they  are  not  dichotomous.  In  the  short  truncate  beak, 
inflated  lower  valve,  and  small  size  of  shell,  they  also  agree  with 
T.  Beaumonti. 

Cardiaster  fossarius,  Benett.  This  Echinoderm  is  not  an 
uncommon  fossil  in  the  higher  part  of  the  upper  Greensand,  and  I 
have  found  it  in  the  calcareous  sandstone  of  Maiden  Newton  ;  but 
in  that  of  North  Dorset,  between  Evershot  and  Stoke  it  appears  to 
be  a  rare  fossil,  for  only  one  specimen  has  been  found.  This  was 
obtained  by  the  Rev.  H.  D.  Gundry,  of  Cerne  Abbas,  at  Bookham 
in  1893,  and  was  by  him  presented  to  the  Museum. 

/ 

ParJceria  sp.  Among  the  fossils  which  pecall  those  of  the 
Cambridge  Greensand  are  some  fine  specimens  of  the  curious 
organisms  known  as  Parkeria,  When  first  described  they  were 
supposed  to  be  gigantic  forms  of  Forammifera,  but  recently  ZitteJ 


108  FOSSILS   FROM   THE   UPPER   GREENSAND. 

has  expressed  the  opinion  that  they  belong  to  the  Hydrozoa  and 
are  allied  to  the  spherical  Porosphcera  of  the  chalk. 

Those  occurring  in  the  Dorset  phosphate  bed  are  phosphatic,  but 
are  not  rolled,  being  well  preserved  and  evidently  belonging  to  the 
contemporaneous  fauna  of  the  rock.  They  vary  in  size  from  a 
diameter  of  '6  to  1-5  of  an  inch,  and  they  have  a  peculiar  rough 
surface  covered  with  small  tubercular  elevations. 

The  Parkerise  are  rare  fossils ;  besides  those  at  Cambridge  a  few 
specimens  have  been  found  in  the  Gault  of  Folkestone,  and  there  is 
one  in  the  Jermyn  Street  Museum  from  the  Greensand  of  the 
Haldon  Hills,  Devon. 


§t.  JBargaref*  lospital,  SKimboriie  Jftinster. 

By   WALTER   J.    FLETCHER. 

Mead  September  10th,  1895. 


,HIS  Hospital,  or  Almshouse,  is  situated  about  a  quarter 
of  a  mile  from  the  town  of  Wimborne  in  a  north- 
westerly direction,  and  has  attached  to  it  a  chapel 
dedicated  to  St.  Margaret  and  St.  Anthony.     The 
date  of  its  foundation  is  unknown,  but  according  to 
the  ancient  deeds  its  establishment  must  have  been 
of  great   antiquity,  for  from  one  of  these  deeds, 
attributed  to  the  time  of  King  John,  it  is  evident 
that  this  Hospital  was  then  in  existence  and  was  set  apart  for  the 
relief  of  persons  afflicted  with  leprosy. 

Hospitals  for  this  purpose  were,  unfortunately,  quite  common 
during  the  10th  and  llth  centuries,  but  as  the  disease  was 
gradually  stamped  out,  these  were  generally  appropriated  to  other 
uses,  as  this  one  has  been. 

Tradition  says  that  the  Hospital  of  St.  Margaret  was  founded  by 
John  of  Gaunt,  which  is  accounted  for  probably  by  the  fact  that 
an  ancient  account  book  at  one  time  in  the  possession  of  the 
Charity,  bearing  date  10th  January  in  the  Hth  year  of  Queen 

Elizabeth's  reign  (1572),  stated  that  it  was  erected  by  

sometime    Duke    of    Acquitaine    and    Lancaster ;    but    as    the 


110  ST.  MARGARET'S  HOSPITAL. 

old  deeds  show  clearly  that  the  Hospital  was  in  existence  long 
before  John  of  Gaunt's  time,  this  is  evidently  an  error,  as  John  of 
Gaunt  was  not  created  Duke  of  Lancaster  until  1362. 

It  is  worthy  of  note  that  the  Christian  name  of  the  special  Duke 
who  is  said  to  have  erected  it  is  left  blank  in  the  old  account  book 
showing  that  those  connected  with  the  Charity  (1572)  were 
ignorant  of  it. 

Hutchins  accounts  for  the  origin  of  this  tradition  from  the  fact 
that  the  Hospital  is  situated  within  the  Manor  of  Kingston  Lacey, 
which  formerly  was  a  part  of  the  Duchy  of  Lancaster ;  and  it  is 
very  probable  that  the  Hospital  may  have  been  repaired  or  enlarged 
either  by  John  of  Gaunt  or  some  other  member  of  the  family  of 
Lancaster. 

The  deeds  and  papers  relating  to  the  hospital  do  not  specify 
what  number  of  inmates  were  formerly  maintained  therein,  but  by 
an  ancient  deed  dated  in  the  year  of  Henry  VIII.  (1519)  it  is 
evident  that  the  endowment  (if  any)  was  insufficient  for  the 
support  of  the  inmates  at  that  time,  who  were  then  chiefly  main- 
tained by  the  alms  of  others.  The  above-named  deed  recites  that 
Pope  Innocent  IV.  in  the  year  1245,  "by  an  induljans  or  bulle  did 
assoyle  them  of  all  syns  forgotten  and  offences  done  against  fader 
and  moder,  and  of  all  swerynges  neglygently  made."  This  indul- 
jans grantyd  of  Petyn  and  Powle  and  of  the  said  Pope  was  to  hold 
good  for  51  years  and  260  days,  provided  they  repeated  a  certain 
number  of  Paternosters  and  Ave  Marias  daily. 

The  date  of  this  indulgence  proves  the  great  antiquity  of  this 
Hospital,  as  it  must  have  been  founded  before  Henry  III.'s  reign. 

A  Chantry  was  founded  in  the  Chapel  attached  to  the  Hospital 
at  a  very  early  age  by  John  Redcoddes,  from  whom  the  field  near 
now  cultivated  as  allotments  is  still  named  "  Redcotts." 

An  old  record  dated  in  the  16th  year  of  Henry  VI.  (1438)  says 
several  tenements  in  Wimborne  belonged  to  this  Chantry.  At 
the  dissolution  of  Monasteries  the  Chantry  was  held  by  Simon 
Beneson,  who  was  the  sacrist  of  the  Collegiate  Church,  and  a 
pension  of  £5  was  allowed  him. 


ST.  MARGARET'S  HOSPITAL.  in 

From  the  book  of  accounts  which  has  been  before  alluded  to, 
and  which  begins  about  the  year  1567,  it  appears  that  for  a  long 
series  of  years  up  to  1683  the  government  of  this  Hospital  was 
under  the  direction  and  management  of  two  of  the  most  substantial 
inhabitants  in  the  parish,  who  were  annually  appointed,  and  called 
"  Guardians  "  or  "  Wardens  "  of  St.  Margaret's  Hospital,  together 
with  those  who  had  before  held  the  office,  the  Constable  of  the 
Town,  and  the  Steward  of  the  Manor  of  Kingston  Lacey.  Many  of 
the  accounts  are  signed  by  the  Steward  for  the  time  being,  but 
since  1683  this  method  of  electing  the  Guardians  or  Wardens  has 
been  given  up,  and  the  management  of  the  Charity  has  been 
entirely  undertaken  by  the  Steward  of  the  Manor  of  Kingston 
Lacey,  the  Lord  of  the  Manor  having  the  nomination  and  appoint- 
ment of  the  inmates. 

The  following  extracts  are  taken  from  the  report  of  the 
Commissioners  appointed  in  the  early  part  of  the  century  to 
enquire  into  the  Charities,  etc.,  of  the  county  : — 

"  The  origin  of  this  Hospital  has  been  attributed  to  a  Duke  of 
Acquitane  and  Lancaster,  but,  as  it  would  appear,  without  sufficient 
grounds.  All  that  is  known  with  certainty  is  that  it  was  in 
existence  during,  if  not  before,  the  14th  century." 

"No  early  deeds  belonging  to  it  are  extant,  and  the  principal 
information  has  been  derived  from  an  ancient  book  of  minutes  and 
accounts,  commencing  in  the  year  1661,  produced  by  the  Steward 
of  the  Manor  of  Kingston  Lacey,  and  from  some  memoranda 
dated  in  1746  in  the  handwriting  of  John  Eankes,  Esqre.,  one  of 
the  former  proprietors  of  the  Manor  (with  whom  the  entire  control 
of  the  Hospital  has  long  rested)."  "Purporting  to  be  extracted 
from  the  book  above  alluded  to  and  from  an  earlier  book 
commencing  in  the  9th  year  of  Queen  Elizabeth  (1567)  we  found 
a  copy  of  an  entry  on  the  Court  Rolls  of  the  Manor  of  Kingston 
Lacey  dated  10th  March,  22nd  Richard  II.  (1398)  (inserted  in  the 
book  to  show  the  connection  between  the  Manor  Court  and  the 
Hospital),  which  records  that  one  William  Sharpe,  having  been 
by  the  Steward  of  the  Manor  admitted  to  the  Hospital  and  after 


112  ST.  MARGARET'S  HOSPITAL. 

residing  therein  above  seven  years,  and  maliciously  expelled  there- 
from by  one  John  Tripet,  appeared  at  the  Manor  Court  and 
petitioned  to  be  reinstated,  and  that  the  facts  being  found  to  be 
true  he  was  reinstated  accordingly." 

The  report  goes  on  to  state  that  the  Hospital  was  managed  by 
two  Wardens,  of  whom  one  was  appointed  for  the  town  and  one 
for  the  country,  and  in  Mr.  Bankes's  memoranda  it  is  stated  that 
orders  were  entered  in  the  earlier  minutes  enjoining  decent 
behaviour  on  the  inmates  of  the  Hospital  on  pain  of  expulsion, 
also  that  to  marry  after  admittance  to  the  Hospital  was  prohibited. 

No  timber  trees  growing  on  the  estate  were  to  be  cut  except  for 
necessary  repairs. 

Between  the  years  1617  and  1648  the  lettings  of  the  Charity 
Estate  appear  to  have  been  with  the  consent  of  the  poor  people, 
and  occasionally  by  a  person  styled  "  Visitor,"  but  the  admissions 
to  the  Hospital  seem  to  have  been  generally  made  by  the  Steward 
of  the  Manor  of  Kingston  Lacey  alone. 

The  Commissioners  found  that  in  1683  Robert  Russell,  Steward 
of  the  Manor  of  Kingston  Lacey,  was  appointed  Governor  jointly 
with  another  person,  that  in  1689  he  is  styled  sole  Governor,  and 
so  held  the  office  till  1719,  when  his  son,  Nicholas  Russell, 
succeeded  him  in  both  capacities,  and  he  acted  alone  until  1763  ; 
that  William  Dean  also  hold  both  offices  from  17%  to  1803,  when 
Mr.  William  Castleman  was  appointed,  who  continued  to  hold  the 
offices  at  the  time  of  the  sitting  of  the  Commission. 

The  name  of  the  Lord  of  the  Manor  of  Kingston  Lacey  does  not 
appear  in  the  minutes  as  Governor  until  1775,  when  the  late  Mr. 
Henry  Bankes  caused  his  name  to  be  inserted  as  joint  Governor 
with  his  Steward,  Mr.  Dean. 

At  the  time  of  the  Commissioners'  report  being  drawn  up,  the 
property  belonging  to  the  Charity  comprised  24A.  IR.  13p.  of  the 
annual  value,  £104  3s.  Od.,  besides  a  sum  of  money  in  the 
funds. 

At  that  time  the  Hospital  consisted  of  seven  thatched  tenements 
in  good  repair,  each  comprising  two  rooms  occupied  by  five  men 


ST.  MARGARET'S  HOSPITAL.  113 

and  two  women,  who  were  selected  by  the  Lord  of  the  Manor  of 
Kingston  Laeey. 

A  great  addition  was  made  to  the  endowment  of  this  Charity  by 
the  Rev.  William  Stone,  Principal  of  New  Inn  Hall,  Oxford,  and 
one  of  the  ministers  and  officials  of  the  Minster,  who  in  the  year 
1685  left  certain  lands  and  tenements  in  the  Parish  of  Wimborne, 
the  income  from  which  was  to  be  employed  for  the  use  and 
benefit  of  the  almsmen  only,  who  should  live  in  St.  Margaret's 
Hospital. 

At  the  present  time  there  are  nine  separate  tenements  connected 
with  the  Charity ;  three  of  these  are  occupied  by  single  men,  four 
by  single  women,  and  two  by  old  married  couples.  The  occupier 
of  each  receives  the  sum  of  £1  12s.  Od.  a  month. 

The  Chapel  of  St.  Margaret  will  be  found  to  possess  many 
points  of  interest.  The  dimensions  at  the  present  time  are — length 
38  feet,  width  13  feet.  The  walls  are  built  principally  with  native 
brown  heath  stone,  so  much  of  which  was  used  in  the  oldest  parts 
of  the  Minster,  and  are  of  considerable  thickness  and  of  excellent 
construction.  There  are  signs  of  a  plinth  on  the  south  side,  and 
the  wall  on  this  side  is  pierced  with  two  windows,  one  of  them  a 
very  early  lancet,  probably  of  the  13th  century,  and  within  the 
altar  rails  is  a  two-light  window  of  early  Geometric  design. 

The  two-light  window  opposite  to  it  on  the  north  side  appears  to 
be  of  a  later  period. 

There  is  a  door  on  the  north  side  about  midway,  intended 
probably  for  the  use  of  visitors  or  inhabitants  of  the  town,  and  at 
the  west  end  of  the  Chapel  there  was  a  passage  through  from 
north  to  south  ;  the  door,  however,  on  the  south  side  is  now 
walled  up. 

Both  the  upper  and  the  lower  rooms  of  the  tenement  of  the  west 
end  of  the  Chapel  show  signs  of  having  been  at  one  time  connected 
directly  with  it  by  openings ;  this  may  have  been  the  abode  of  the 
Chantry  Priest.  The  upper  room  was  at  one  time  approached 
from  the  outside  ;  the  opening,  now  walled  up,  can  be  seen  on  the 
west  side  of  the  north  passage  door. 


114  ST.  MARGARET'S  HOSPITAL. 

The  whole  of  the  walls  of  the  chapel  were  originally  decorated 
with  paintings,  tracings  of  some  of  which  are  evidently  of  a  very 
early  date,  while  those  on  the  east  end  are  of  a  later  period. 

The  wall  at  the  east  end  of  the  Chapel  has  been  rebuilt  at  no 
very  remote  date,  and  a  segment-headed  window  with  wooden 
mullions,  etc.,  is  inserted,  the  only  portion  of  the  old  work  remain- 
ing being  a  small  fragment  of  glass  with  an  entwined  cable  round 
the  edge,  and  a  rose  in  the  centre  of  straw-tinted  glass. 

On  the  outside  of  the  passage  door  on  the  north  side  is  a 
benatura,  or  stoup,  walled  in  contrary  to  ordinary  custom  on  the 
left  hand  side  of  the  door  and  at  an  unusual  height. 

The  roof  has  circular  ribs,  and  appears  to  be  for  the  most  pait 
original.  The  tie  beams  having  being  added,  the  wall  plate  still 
bears  traces  of  decoration. 

The  Chapel  has  recently  undergone  extensive  and  judicious 
repairs  under  the  directions  of  the  late  Rev.  R.  W.  Fairbank,  who 
was  for  some  years  a  curate  in  the  parish,  and  took  a  great  interest 
in  St.  Margaret's  Chapel. 


©n  the  Jfootprints  of  a 
linosftitr  (Igtranoiou  ?),  from  the  ftovbeck 
f  tbs  of 


By   J.    C.    MANSEL-PLEYDELL,   Esq.,   F.G.S,,    F.L.S, 

Ecad  December  13th,  1895. 


HEN  examining  a  series  of  Purbeck  fossils  which  the 
County  Museum  had  recently  acquired  through 
the  generosity  of  the  Trustees  of  the  Corfe  Museum, 
I  observed  the  casts  of  footprints  of  a  large  three- 
toed  animal  impressed  on  two  slabs  of  Purbeck  stone, 
each  measuring  12  inches  in  length,  one  covered  with 
coarse,  tortuous,  fucoidal-like  markings.  Similar 
impressions  are  not  unfrequently  seen  in  the  Wealden  beds,  and 
were  thought  by  former  observers  to  have  been  made  by  birds  as 
they  traversed  the  muddy  shores  of  that  period.  The  abundant 
remains  of  Iguanodon  and  other  dinosaurs  subsequently  led  to  the 
now  generally  accepted  opinion  that  they  are  the  footprints  of  these 
gigantic  reptiles.  Ichnilithology,  a  name  used  by  Dr.  Buckland  for 
the  study  of  fossil  foot-marks,  is  a  very  interesting  branch  of  palaeon- 
tology and  one  which  has  attracted  the  attention  of  British,  German, 
and  American  geologists.  In  Vol.  XL  of  Transactions  of  the  Royal 
Society  of  Edinburgh,  1828,  Dr.  Duncan  refers  to  foot-tracks  in 


116  FOOTPRINTS    OF    A    DINOSAUR. 

the  trias  of  Dumfriesshire  in  several  successive  strata  ;  some  in  the 
trias  at  Heldberghausen,  Saxony,  have  been  recorded  in  1834. 
The  prints  of  the  fore-feet  of  some  \vcre  8|  inches  long  and  five 
broad,  those  of  the  hind-feet  were  four  inches  long  and  three  broad. 
Sir  Richard  Owen  was  then  investigating  the  gigantic  Batrachians 
of  the  trias,  and  thought  they  were  made  probably  by  Labyrin- 
thodonts  (gigantic  palaeozoic  Batrachians).  In  1851  Mr.  G.  P. 
Scrope  found  abundant  foot-tracks  of  small  animals  in  the  forest 
marble  near  Bath.  Between  the  years  1850  and  1854  Mr.  Beckles 
found  a  series  of  impressions  of  gigantic  tridactyle  foot-tracks 
throughout  an  extensive  series  of  Wealden  rocks,  exposed  on  the 
cliffs  between  Hastings  and  Pevensey.  Numerous  as  they  were, 
each  block  did  not  show  more  than  two  or  three  impressions,  all  of 
which  were  tridactyle.  That  of  the  inner  toe  was  the  shortest  and 
the  middle  the  longest.  None  showed  any  phalangial  division  owing 
probably  to  a  thick  padding  of  the  sole.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that  a 
sufficient  series  could  not  have  been  traced  to  ascertain  the  length 
of  the  strides  and  the  probable  mode  of  progression.  Professor 
Hitchcock  gives  valuable  information  upon  the  foot-tracks  found 
in  the  Connecticut  Valley,  U.S.,  the  great  majority  of  which  are 
tridactyle,  and,  like  the  European  tracks,  are  generally  ascribed 
to  those  of  Dinosaurs.  These  prints  vary  in  size  from  a  quarter 
of  an  inch  to  20  inches  in  length,  some  showing  a  stride  of 
four  feet.  Many  thousands  of  these  tracks  have  been  exposed. 
Professor  Hitchcock  recognises  as  many  as  50  species,  some  of 
which  must  have  been  of  gigantic  size.  Their  mode  of  progression 
was  not  by  bounds  or  jumps  as  with  kangaroos,  but  by  alternate 
steps,  the  right  and  left  feet  moving  in  two  parallel  rows,  not  in  a 
line  as  birds.  The  tracks  show  a  large  expanse  of  foot,  a  necessary 
provision  for  an  animal  of  such  enormous  size  and  weight  to 
prevent  it  from  sinking  into  the  morasses  and  bogs  through  which 
it  roamed. 

How  these  foot-tracks  have  been  preserved  is  a  subject  for 
enquiry.  It  is  evident  they  were  made  when  the  ground  was  soft 
and  impressible  and  under  conditions  rendering  it  capable  to  retain 


FOOTPRINTS    OF    A    DINOSAUR.  117 

the  impressions,  which  could  not  have  been  the  case  if  the  ground 
was  sandy  and  not  coherent ;  otherwise  they  would  be  speedily 
obliterated  by  the  calcareous  atoms  diffused  in  the  superincumbent 
water ;  and  if  made  on  subaerial  soil  they  could  not  have  escaped 
defacement. 

There  are  two  beds  of  Wealden  Sandstone  in  Swanage  Bay, 
separated  from  each  other  by  about  20  feet  of  clay,  in  which 
several  tridactyle  footprints  have  been  found. 

These  two  blocks  which  bear  the  foot-tracks  come  from  the 
Corlula  beds,  higher  up  in  the  series  than  the  Feather  bed,  in 
which  the  jaw  of  the  iguanodon  was  found,  described  and  figured 
by  Sir  Kichard  Owen  in  the  Palaxmtological  Society's  publi- 
cations. The  casts  of  the  impressions  are  well  shown  on  the 
blocks.  The  middle  toe  measures  seven  inches  in  length  and 
five  inches  in  breadth,  diminishing  upwards  to  a  broad  obtuse 
point.  The  exterior  toe  is  six  inches  in  length  and  four  inches  in 
breadth  j  the  interior  toe  is  five  inches  in  length  and  three  and 
a-half  inches  in  breadth.  Both,  like  the  exterior  toe,  diminish 
upwards  to  a  broad  obtuse  point.  The  junction  of  the  exterior 
with  the  middle  toe  is  lower  down  in  the  foot  than  that  of  the 
interior  toe. 

Although  the  Purbeck  Beds  have  yielded  many  reptilian  remains, 
notably  the  Swanage  Crocodile,  Gonioplwlis  (three  species),  NutJietes, 
Saurillus,  and  the  dwarf  crocodiles,  Nannosuchus,  Tlieriosuclius,  the 
evidence  of  Dinosaurs  is  confined  to  the  lower  jaw  of  an  Iguanodon 
from  the  Feather  bed  of  the  Middle  Purbecks,  and  a  few  records  of 
foot-prints. 

In  1822  Dr.  Mantell  was  the  first  to  find  some  isolated  teeth 
in  the  Wealden  of  the  Tilgate  Forest,  .which  he  named  iguamdon 
from  the  resemblance  to  the  iguana  now  living.  In  1834  a  large 
slab  of  sandstone,  now  in  the  British  Museum,  was  found  in  a  quarry 
near  Maidstone,  on  which  were  several  dorsal  and  caudal  vertebra, 
portions  of  the  fore  and  hind-limbs,  the  clavicle,  and  the  impres- 
sion of  a  tooth.  In  the  year  1857  Mr.  Beckles  exhibited  at  one 
of  the  meetings  of  the  Geological  Society  the  foot  of  an  iguanodon 


IIS  FOOTPRINTS    OF    A    DINOSAUR. 

from  the  Wealdon  with  the  three  toes  characteristic  of  the  family. 
This  modification  of  the  hind  foot  is  analogous  to  the  tridactyle 
hind  foot  of  the  rhinoceros  and  the  tapir,  and  in  this  respect  they 
are  its  representative  among  the  huge  warm-blooded  mammalia  of 
the  Tertiary  age.  Although  the  Wealden  beds  of  Britain  and 
Germany  had  yielded  a  considerable  number  of  Dinosaurian  re- 
mains, the  complete  osteology  of  the  iguanodon  was  not  established 
until  1878,  when  the  coal  miners  of  Bernissart,  a  Belgian  village 
between  Mons  and  Tournay,  came  upon  a  deposit  containing  fossil 
bones  of  gigantic  reptiles  associated  with  turtle,  crocodile,  fish, 
and  plant  remains.  They  lay  in  a  depression  of  the  coal-measures, 
which  must  have  been  a  lake  during  the  Wealden  period.  This 
depression  was  a  mile  and  a-quarter  long,  600  feet  broad,  and  about 
960  feet  deep  covered  over  by  cretaceous,  tertiary,  and  quaternary 
deposits.  This  Wealden  deposit  was  composed  of  stratified  dark 
clays  intercalated  with  small  fragments  of  coal  and  layers  of  sand, 
encircled  by  a  wall  of  detached  blocks  of  carboniferous  rocks.  The 
fossil  remains  are  identical  with  those  found  in  the  English  and 
German  Wealden  beds.  It  is  probable  that  this  remarkable  lake 
was  in  one  of  the  lateral  valleys  of  the  main  Hainault  valley  during 
the  early  Cretaceous  age,  and  the  river  which  drained  it  was  one  of 
its  tributaries.  The  dinosaurs  and  other  large  animals  which 
frequented  its  banks  would  be  engulfed  in  times  of  floods  and 
some  drowned.  They  have  remained  undisturbed  until  their 
discovery  in  1878  by  the  miners  of  a  Belgian  coalpit,  when  no 
less  than  23  entire  skeletons  were  found,  21  of  which  belong  to 
a  new  species,  Ir/uanodon  Bernissartensis,  Boulanger,  and  two  to 
I.  Mantelli,  Owen,  a  smaller  and  lighter  animal  which  could  with 
greater  facility  flounder  through  the  swamps  and  escape  the  doom 
of  its  more  ponderous  congener.  The  skeletons  were  lying  on 
different  levels,  alternating  unfossiliferous  beds.  In  every  case, 
with  the  exception  of  a  splendid  accumulation  of  bones  of  the 
iguanodon  found  by  Dr.  Mantell  in  the  Wealden  of  Tilgate  Forest, 
referred  to  above,  the  remains  of  Wealden  dinosaurs  have  been 
found  as  isolated  bones,  this  may  be  accounted  for  under  the 


FOOTPRINTS    OF    A    DINOSAUR.  119 

supposition  that  as  their  huge  bodies  were  borne  down  on  the 
stream  they  became  disarticulated  and  dropped  by  detached  piece- 
meals to  the  river-bed. 

The  skull  of  /.  Bemissartensis  is  shorter  in  proportion  to  that 
of  /.  Mantelli,  but  not  as  broad.  There  are  some  other  differences, 
but  not  sufficient  in  Mr.  Dollo's  opinion,  the  director  of  the  Koyal 
Museum  of  Brussels,  to  make  of  it  a  distinct  genus. 

Iguanodon  Leedsi,  Lyd.,  from  the  Oxford  Clay,  and  7.  Prestwichi, 
Hulke,  appear  to  have  some  generic  differences,  from  the  Wealden 
Iguanodons,  especially  in  the  pendant  shape  of  the  middle  trochanter 
and  the  furrowed  shaft  of  the  femur.  Both  are  much  smaller  than 
the  type,  and  are  now  relegated  to  a  new  genus,  Camptosaurus, 
Marsh,  occurring  also  in  the  beds  of  the  United  States.  It  is 
remarkable  that  the  Sauropterygia  culminated  in  the  earlier  part  of 
the  Mesozoic  age,  especially  the  Liassic  period.  In  the  Oxford  Clay 
they  show  a  decline  in  size  when  Cimoliosaurus  took  the  place  of 
Plesiosaurus,  which  passed  through  the  Portland  and  Kimmeridge 
Clay  to  the  Cretaceous  beds.  On  the  other  hand  the  Dinosaurs 
culminated  during  the  Wealden  age  and  succeeded  their  smaller 
representatives  of  the  Kimmeridge  and  Oxford  Clays  in  new  and 
gigantic  forms  of  the  carnivorous  Theropoda  and  herbivorous 
Sauropoda  and  Ornitliopoda. 

The  seven  species  of  Iguanodon  in  the  Ornithopoda  section  are 
/.  Hoggii,  I.  Bemissartensis,  I.  Mantelli,  I.  Phillipsii,  I.  Dawsoni, 
I.  Fittoni,  and  /.  Hollingtoniensis.  Of  these  only  one,  as  already 
mentioned,  has  been  found  in  thia  formation.  Six  are  from  the 
Wealden  and  its  counterpart,  the  Wadhurst  Clay ;  /.  Bemissartensis ', 
I.  Mantdli,  I.  Pliillipsii,  L  Daicsoni,  I.  Fittoni,  I.  Hollingtoniensis  a 
sub-order  of  Stegosauria.  We  have  Scelidosaurus  Harrisoni,  Owen, 
Lias;  OmoRctums  (Stegosaurus,  Marsh)  annatus,  Owen,  0.  Duro- 
brisensis,  Hulke,  Kimmeridge  Clay  ;  Hylceosaurus  Oweni,  Mantel], 
Polacanthus,  Owen,  Weald ;  Sijngonosaurus,  Cambridge  Greensand. 
The  last  to  mention  of  the  herbivorous  Dinosaurs  are  the  Sauropoda, 
characterised  by  their  diminutive  brain  capacity,  which  is  less 
relatively  than  any  of  the  terrestrial  vertebrates,  and  the  huge  size 


120  FOOTPRINTS    OF    A    DINOSAUR. 

of  their  bodies,  which  is  in  contrast  to  their  comparatively  feeble 
cerebral  development.  The  centra  of  the  dorsal,  and  frequently  of  the 
sacral  vertebrae,  enclose  cavities  of  considerable  dimensions  divided 
into  two  lateral  chambers,  separated  by  a  median  longitudinal  wall, 
which,  in  Sir  Richard  Owen's  opinion,  was  supplied  with  cartilage  ; 
but,  in  Professor  Marsh's,  was  filled  with  air.  Under  either  view 
there  was  a  provision  to  aid  the  progression  of  the  animal,  whose 
body  was  60  or  70  feet  long.  In  addition  to  this  the  medullary 
canal  of  the  sacral  region  was  two  or  three  times  larger  than  the 
brain  cavity.  The  bones  of  the  limbs,  as  is  the  case  with  all 
reptilians,  are  solid  and  destitute  of  a  medullary  channel,  this 
provision  having  probably  some  relation  to  the  enormous  develop- 
ment of  the  tail.  The  nerves,  although  slightly  differing  in 
structure  from  the  brain,  keep  up  a  mysterious  connection  between 
the  head  and  every  part  of  the  body. 

The  discovered  remains  of  European  Sauropods  are  confined  to 
isolated  vertebrae,  bones,  and  teeth.  In  this  county  they  have  only 
been  found  in  the  Kimmeridge  clay  of  Weymouth  and  Kimmeridge. 
Dinosaurian  remains  have  been  principally  found  in  the  Triassic, 
Jurassic,  and  Cretaceous  beds  of  Europe  and  North  America. 
Fragmentary  remains  have  been  found  principally  in  the  Triassic 
and  Cretaceous  beds  of  the  East  Indies  and  in  the  Trias  of  South 
Africa.  They  are  absent  in  South  America  and  Australia. 

The  ponderous  bodies  of  dinosaurs  were  supported  by  a  massive 
pair  of  hind-limbs,  upon  which  they  walked  in  an  upright  position, 
and  probably  used  their  short  fore-limbs  for  bringing  the  boughs  of 
the  trees  on  which  they  fed  to  their  mouth  and  for  swimming, 
aided  by  their  powerful  tail,  which  attained  additional  strength  by 
a  strong  muscle  attached  to  the  middle  trochanter.  The  vertebral 
column  was  strengthened  by  five  or  six  anchylosed  sacral  vertebra. 
The  Iguanodon  had  a  smooth  and  scaleless  skin. 

Some  dinosaurs  were  furnished  with  dermal  plates  or  scutes, 
to  which  in  some  cases  formidable  spines  were  attached  for 
protection  from  the  attacks  of  enemies  such  as  the  Megalosaurus. 
The  dentine  system  of  the  herbivorous  dinosaurs  is  very  varied  ; 


FOOTPRINTS    OF    A    DINOSAUR.  121 

the  tooth  of  the  Iguanodon  is  a  remarkable  contrivance  for  tearing 
and  cutting  tough  vegetable  food,  such  as  is  found  with  its 
remains  ;  it  bears  a  remarkable  resemblance  to  that  of  the  living 
Iguana  in  its  blade-like  form  and  serrated  edges.  It  is  spathulate, 
the  crown  compressed,  with  sharp,  serrated  cutting  edges,  which 
extended  on  either  side  downwards  from  the  top  to  the  broadest 
portion.  To  counteract  the  wear  and  tear  of  the  edges  the  exterior 
part  of  the  tooth  is  furnished  with  a  plate  of  thin  enamel, 
similar  to  the  incisors  of  Rodents,  and  as  the  softer  material 
of  the  tooth  was  worn  away  more  readily  than  the  enamel,  an 
oblique  section  of  the  crown  was  perpetually  maintained  with  a 
sharp  cutting  edge  in  front.  The  serratures  ceased  at  the  broadest 
diameter  of  the  tooth,  below  which  they  would  have  been  useless 
for  cutting  purposes.  The  premaxillse  are  destitute  of  teeth. 
The  mouth  was  probably  furnished  with  a  beak,  the  lower  man- 
dible hollowed  out  like  a  parrot's.  From  the  conditions  of  the 
Bernissart  deposit  it  may  be  inferred  that  the  iguanodon  was 
aquatic,  frequenting  marshes  and  banks  of  rivers,  more  so 
than  the  living  crocodile.  Eeing  subject  to  the  attacks  of  enemies 
when  feeding  among  the  luxuriant  vegetation  of  tree-ferns  and 
other  cryptogams,  it  could  better  observe  their  approach  in  an 
upright  position,  by  which  the  wider  extent  of  view  was  obtained, 
and  not  only  could  more  easily  defend  itself  with  its  powerful  short 
fore  feet,  but  inflict  serious  wounds  with  its  strong  and  sharp 
spurs.  Its  tail  would  give  the  body  additional  balancing  support 
when  erect,  in  which  position  it  could  more  easily  regain  the 
water,  than  when  threading  its  long  and  ponderous  body  through 
the  tangled  vegetation  on  all  fours. 

It  only  remains  now  to  consider  to  which  dinosaur  we  may 
assign  the  foot-tracks  on  these  Purbeck  slabs.  There  are  eeven  to 
choose  from — 

1  Megalosaurus.  5  Iguanodon. 

2  Cetiosaurus.  6  Hypsilophodon. 

3  Pelorosaurus.  7  Ornithopsis* 

4  Polacanthus, 


122  FOOTPRINTS    OP    A    DINOSAUR. 

2,  3,  7  being  Sauropoda   would    only  make  a  pentadactyle  print. 
4,  „      Scelidosauria  „  ,,  tetradactyle        „ 

1  „      Theropoda  „  „  ditto.  „ 

7  „       Camptosauria          „  „          ditto.  „ 

5  ,,      Iguanodontidse        „  „  tridactyle.          „ 

We  arrive  at  the  conclusion,  therefore,  that  these  are  the  foot- 
tracks  of  an  iguanodon  as  it  crossed  the  shallows  of  the  Purbeck 
lake  or  estuary. 

The  Dinosaurs  have  several  ornithic  characters ;  Iguanodon 
takes  its  place  in  the  sub-order  Omithopoda,  which  approaches  a 
bird  not  only  in  the  bipedal  progression  but  in  the  structure  of 
the  pelvic-girdle,  the  ilium  being  prolonged  both  before  and  behind. 
The  post-pelvis  lies  parallel  with  the  ischium  and  appears  to 
foreshadow  the  marsupial  bones  of  that  region  in  the  marsupials. 
Dinosaurs  are  more  closely  allied  to  birds  than  any  reptile  now 
living. 

A  splendid  cast  of  Iguanodon  Bernissartensis  stands  in  the  Fossil 
Reptilian  Gallery  of  the  British  Museum,  Cromwell-road,  a  present 
of  the  Belgian  Government.  Entire  skeletons  of  the  two  species 
are  set  up  in  the  Vestibule  of  the  Court  of  the  Royal  Museum, 
Brussels,  which  are  well  worthy  of  a  special  visit. 

Since  this  paper  was  read  I  have  secured  a  slab  showing  the 
actual  footprint  of  a  Purbeck  Dinosaur  from  the  Upper  Purbecks. 
Mr.  Hardy,  of  Swanage,  tells  me  he  has  seen  similar  footprints  in 
the  Lower  Purbecks  as  well,  if  this  is  the  case  we  have  evidence 
of  Ornithichnites  during  the  whole  of  the  Purbeck  series.'  Their 
occurrence  in  the  Oxford  and  Kimmeridge  Clays  shows  a  vertical 
range  from  the  Middle  Oolites  to  the  Lower  Cretaceous. 


EXPLANATION     OF     PLATE. 

1. — The  hind  part  of  the  skeleton  of  the  Mallard  (Anas  boscas). 

/.    femur. 

i.     ischium. 

m.  caudal  vertebrae. 

n.     ilium. 

p.     pubis. 

r.     radius. 

u.    ulna, 

w.    attachment  of  caudo-femoral  muscles. 

x.    caudo-femoral  muscles 

y.     ischio-femoral  muscles. 

z.     attachment  of  ischio-femoral  muscles. 
2. — Left  femur  of  Swan. 
3. —     .,         ,,          Camptosaurus. 
4. —     ,,         ,,          Iguanodon. 


lafb  Femur  of 


l&fl  Femmr  of 


left  Femur  of 
Icfucm-cdcn/  . 


J.C.Mansel-Pley-dell  del. 


iL  Bros.  ]itlv  . 


on 


©DO  Instance  of 


of  Vegetable 


By   H.    J.    MOULE,    M.A. 

Eead  February  lltk,  1S96. 


T7VERYOKE  knows  that  a  strong  hold  on  life  is  often 
exerted  in  the  vegetable  kingdom.  All  here 
present  have  doubtless  seen  winter-felled  elm  butts 
coming  cheerfully  into  leaf  in  spring  time.  All, 
again,  have  seen  trees  and  shrubs  growing  on  old 
walls,  or  bare  rock.  But  a  case  of  each  of  these 
two  kinds  of  display  of  vitality,  noticed  in  1895, 
seem  to  be  somewhat  beyond  what  is  common.  It  is  hoped, 
therefore,  that  they  may  be  judged  worthy  to  be  brought  to  the 
notice  of  the  Field  Club. 

First,  a  few  words  only  about  a  felled  tree.  Last  winter  Mr. 
Harris,  a  nurseryman  here,  stubbed  some  young  trees  in  land  then 
in  his  occupation,  now  being  made  into  a  public  pleasure  ground. 
These  trees  were  cut  up  and  in  part  stacked  for  firewood.  In  the 
stack,  at  more  -than  5ft.  from  the  ground,  and  fully  exposed  to  the 
air,  and  at  least  up  to  midday  to  the  sun,  was  a  stem  or  limb  of  an 
Ontario  Poplar.  It  was  from  three  to  four  inches  thick.  Now, 
this  stem  threw  out  good  healthy  leaves,  All  must  remember  how 


124      TWO    INSTANCES    OP   TENACITY    OP   VEGETABLE    LIFE. 

extraordinarily  dry  and  sunny  the  first  half  of  last  summer  was. 
Yet,  in  spite  of  drought  and  sun,  the  leaves  never  flagged  for 
months.  Nearly  or  quite  to  midsummer  they  held  out  bravely. 
About  that  time,  however,  the  vitality  of  the  stem  seemed  to  be 
used  up. 

We  now  take  up  a  case  of  shrubs  rooted  in  a  wall.  Here 
again  it  is  only  an  extreme  case  of  an  every  day  phenomenon  which 
is  brought  forward.  All  will  think  of  wall-flowers  on  masonry, 
especially  on  old  ruins,  as  Dundrennan  Abbey,  golden  with  the 
wild  sort.  And  there  are  Pellitory,  Wall-rue,  and  the  "  denizen  " 
Antirrhinum,  which  are  not  happy  anywhere  but  on  a  wall.  And, 
apart  from  such  naturally  wall-dwelling  plants,  there  are  often  seen 
shrubs,  and  even  trees,  strange  to  the  eye  from  their  dwelling 
place.  There  are  brambles  on  the  top  of  Whitcombe  tower,  an 
elder  on  Colliton  Park  wall,  and  many  such  instances ;  as  well  as 
rock-rooted  trees. 

Of  these  there  can  be  few  more  abundant  examples  than  about 
the  great  sand-stone  cliffs  of  Saxon  Switzerland,  which  are  decked 
with  many  firs  clinging  to  most  unlikely  crevices  of  the  rock.  But 
in  all  these  cases  it  seems  just  possible  to  divine  how  the  roots  find 
moisture,  little  though  it  be.  A  good  view  of  the  way  in  which 
rock-rooted  trees  do  it  was  observed  in  Tynedale  last  autumn.  A 
Scotch  fir  is  there  growing  on  a  small  rock.  Part  of  this  had  lately 
fallen  away,  and  so  the  course  of  the  roots  was  shown.  The  way 
in  which  they  zigzagged  through  the  horizontal  stratification-fissures 
and  the  vertical  cleavage-fissures  was  very  curious.  But  the  shrubs 
now  to  be  spoken  of  seem  to  show  an  energy  of  life  beyond  any  of 
these  trees.  Close  by  us  here,  in  South  Street,  is  Greyhound  Yard, 
approached  by  the  good  Tudor  arch  replaced  there  at  the  suggestion 
of  Mr.  T.  Hardy.  In  1890  the  houses  in  the  yard  were  repaired. 
A  white  jessamine  grew  against  the  junction  of  two  of  these  houses. 
Of  course,  the  jessamine  was  destroyed — at  least  it  seemed  so. 
But  either  the  next  year,  or  the  year  after,  jessamine  shoots 
appeared.  One  grew  out  of  a  small  crevice  at  the  joining  of  the 
houses )  the  other  out  of  a  joint  between  two  stones  close  by. 


TWO    INSTANCES   OP   TENACITY    OF   VEGETABLE    LIFE.       125 

Both  are  six  feet  above  the  ground.  One  of  these  plants  is  now 
seven  feet  long ;  the  other  much  smaller.  The  larger  one  flowered 
freely  last  summer.  * 

Xow  this  seems  a  noteworthy  fact  relating  to  a  shrub  whose 
usual  habitat  is  the  ground.  For  the  root-hold  of  these  jessamines 
is  different,  in  respect  to  access  to  moisture,  from  that  of  "trees  and 
shrubs  spoken  of  above.  A  rock,  a  ruin,  a  park  wall,  the  top  of  a 
church  tower — all  these  give  some  likelihood  of  soakage  of  rain 
from  above.  But  this  cannot  take  place  in  a  house-wall.  And  as 
to  moisture  from  below  and  from  the  outer  face  of  the  wall,  it  is 
difficult  to  understand  how  it  can  be  enough  to  keep  the  roots 
alive.  For  one  would  think  that,  if  the  middle  of  the  wall  is 
moist  enough  for  that,  the  damp  must  needs  show  itself  on  the 
inner  face  of  the  wall — in  the  houses  within.  But  nothing  of  the 
sort  can  be  seen  in  either  of  the  two  adjoining  kitchens.  Of 
course  it  must  be  the  case  that  these  jessamine  roots,  like  those  of 
Pellitory  and  other  natural  wall-dwellers,  imbibe  some  moisture. 
Without  that  surely  dew  and  rain  on  the  leaves  would  not  of 
themselves  maintain  the  life  of  these  persevering  jessamines.  But 
it  is  hard  to  understand ;  so  much  so  that  the  phenomenon  has 
now  been  notified  to  the  Field  Club  as,  perhaps,  not  unworthy  of 
record. 

These  two  instances,  each  in  its  kind,  of  a  clinging  hold  of 
vegetable  life,  have  seemed,  as  is  aforesaid,  to  deserve  a  few  words, 
physiologically  speaking.  But  is  there  not  another  side  to  the 
matter  ?  Is  there  not  poetry,  sentiment — sentiment  in  the  best 
sense — here  as  almost  everywhere  ?  Selkirk  on  his  isle  in  the 
latter  days,  the  cave-dwelling  Kenite  with  his  "  Nest  in  the  Rock  " 
of  old — how  the  thought  of  them  in  their  struggles  for  life  sets 
our  hearts  throbbing  1  And  so  with  striving  for  the  other  branch 
of  earthly  life,  if  we  may,  without  ridicule,  thus  set  small  and  great, 
low  and  high,  side  by  side.  That  poplar  stem  cast  away  on  the 
desert  isle  of  a  wood-stack,  that  jessamine  fighting  with  death  in 

*  These  jessamines  have  bravely  survived  the  extraordinary  drought 
of  the  summer  of  1896,  one  of  them  flowering  in  fair  plenty. 


126      TWO   INSTANCES   OF   TENACITY   OF   VEGETABLE   LIFE. 

its  "Nest  in  a  Rock,"  its  crevice  of  a  dry  house  wall,  set  our 
imaginations  going.  Not  much  sentiment,  doubtless,  is  there  in  an 
Ontario  Poplar  thriving  in  a  nursery  ground  or  a  close-trained 
jessamine  with  its  roots  in  a  well-dug  garden  border.  But  these 
seem  dignified  somehow  when  we  see  them  there  battling  with  the 
deadly  "  adventures  "  of  drought  and  barren  root-hold.  So,  if  the 
parallel  is  not  too  great,  too  far-fetched,  so,  in  Sir  Thomas  Malory, 
a  knight  on  a  "  quest  "  is  dignified  over  a  knight  in  a  pageant.  It 
is  difficult  to  put  such-like  thoughts  into  words  without  their 
seeming  foolish  words.  But  even  such  instances  of  plant  struggles 
as  have  now  been  spoken  of  may  make  it  plain  how  trees  have 
come  to  give  the  centre  to  many  a  legend,  true  or  fabled.  It  is  no 
wonder  that  there  is  the  myth  of  the  Bo  Tree,  the  romance  of  the 
Tree  of  the  Cross. 


On  a  $omano-f  riti*h  f  rkk-kiln  aab  a 
gJritish  f  arroto  at  fagber,  JRilton 
toith  an  historical  psstrtation  on 
anb  f  rick-making. 


By  J.   C.  MANSEL-PLEYDELL,  Esq.,  F.G.S.,  F.L.S. 

Bead  February  llth,  1896. 


the  year  1841  the  late  Mr.  Charles  Warne  discovered 
the  site  of  a  British-Roman  kiln  on  Bagber  Farm,  in 
the  parish  of  Milton  Abbas.  It  contained  an 
innumerable  mass  of  broken  pottery  of  various 
qualities,  the  largest  proportion  being  smooth  and 
close-grained,  dark  in  colour,  approaching  black. 
Mr.  Warne's  description  so  closely  corresponding 
with  the  pottery  found  in  the  Romano-British  villages 
of  Woodcutts  and  Rotherly,  &c.,  General  Pitt-Rivers 
thought  it  might  have  been  derived  from  this  kiln,  and  was  desirous 
to  rediscover  the  site,  which  was  difficult,  as  50  years  had  elapsed 
since  Mr.  Warne's  examination,  and  all  traces  of  it  were  obliterated  ; 
however,  as  these  clay-deposits  over  the  chalk  are  limited  to  the 
summits  and  upper  slopes  of  the  hills  and  the  area  is  consequently 
very  much  restricted,  I  soon  ran  it  to  ground. 

These  clay  beds  are  derived  from  the  Lower  Tertiaries  after 
removal  by  denudation,  they  usually  repose  upon  a  bed  of  clay 
with  flints,  resulting  from  the  dissolution  of  the  chalk  by  atmos- 


128  ROMANO-BRITISH    BRICK-KILN,    ETC. 


pheric  agencies,  and  the  removal  of  the  atoms  in  solution  with  the 
carbonated  water  through  the  cracks  and  fissures  of  the  underlying 
rock.  The  unworn  condition  of  the  flints  shows  that  they  have 
not  been  transported  from  any  distance  ;  in  fact,  that  they  are  in 
situ,  deprived  of  the  chalk  with  which  they  were  originally 
associated.  There  is  a  remarkable  bed  of  flint  without  chalk 
capping  the  hill  on  the  east  side  of  Bulbarrow,  and  another  of  brick- 
earth  a  mile  south  of  Delcombe  on  the  boundary  of  Hougliton 
Parish  ;  it  maintained  a  brick-kiln  for  some  years  until  the  clay  fit 
for  brick-making  was  exhausted. 

Mr.  Warne  describes  the  Bagber  Kiln  "as  a  rectangular  building 
44ft.  by  25ft.  in  which  was  a  large  amount  of  fragmentary  ware, 
and  with  only  a  few  other  objects  of  any  interest  or  value."  I 
uncovered  three  chambers  excavated  out  of  the  solid  chalk  and 
without  any  sign  of  masonry  ;  the  first  was  circular,  6ft.  in 
diameter,  cased  with  a  coating  of  clay  nine  inches  thick,  and  had 
been  subject  to  intense  heat.  With  the  exception  of  the  upper 
part  of  a  quern  and  the  two  halves  of  a  septaria  from  the  Oxford 
Clay,  for  use  unknown,  it  was  empty.  In  the  centre  of  the  second 
chamber,  which  was  also  circular,  and  communicated  with 
the  first,  was  an  undetached  solid  block  of  chalk  three  feet  long, 
two  feet  broad,  and  three  feet  high,  supporting  a  flat  stone  of 
Greensand.  The  third  chamber,  which  was  the  largest,  stood  at  a 
lower  level  by  eight  inches  than  the  two  others.  The  walls  were 
rough,  showing  the  marks  of  the  workmen's  tools.  Among  the  relics 
was  the  section  of  a  circular  piece  of  Kimmeridge  shale,  similar 
to  one  found  by  Mr.  Warne  in  1841,  but  less  perfect,  and  was 
in  all  probability  a  portion  of  a  revolving  wheel,  to  which  the 
potter's  table  was  attached.  There  were  several  triangular,  thin, 
and  finely-grained  concretionary  stones  from  the  Bagshot  series, 
probably  made  use  of  to  knead  the  clay,  from  the  Reading  and 
Woolwich  Beds  some  little  distance  off.  Only  one  disc  of  Kim- 
meridge coal-money  was  found,  which  was  of  the  usual  type  found 
in  this  part  of  the  county — namely,  three  shallow  holes  on  the 
upper  surface  and  one  on  the  other.  The  only  coin  was  one  of 


ROMANO-BRITISH    BRICK-KILN,    ETC.  129 

Vespasian.  Among  the  few  pieces  of  Samian  ware  was  one  through 
which  a  hole  was  drilled  near  the  edge  and  a  rivet  of  lead  attached, 
to  connect  the  two  pieces,  one  of  which  was  detached  and  lost. 

Several  Romano-British  potteries  and  kilns  have  been  found  in 
England,  the  most  important  of  which  are  on  the  river  Ness,  in 
Northamptonshire,  and  Huntingdonshire,  computad  to  have  covered 
an  area  of  more  than  20  miles.  The  pottery  of  these  kilns  has  a 
striking  resemblance  to  the  New  Forest  ware.  At  Upchurch,  in 
Kent,  enormous  quantities  of  pottery  are  distributed  over  the  county. 
The  archaeologist  is  able  to  assign  peculiar  classes  of  pottery  found 
at  considerable  distances  from  each  other  to  the  manufactory 
of  Upchurch.  In  a  similar  way  the  Bagber  Kiln  probably  supplied 
this  part  of  Dorset  with  pottery.  Extensive  Romano-British 
potteries  have  been  found  in  various  parts  of  the  New  Eorest ;  for 
instance,  Crock  Hill  (a  suggestive  name),  visited  by  the  club  in 
1892;  their  number  need  not  cause  surprise  when  the  large 
amount  of  earthenware  made  use  of  by  the  Romans  in  daily  life 
is  taken  into  consideration.  Hutchins  mentions  a  pottery  at  Hinton 
Martel  "  for  all  kinds  of  earthenware."  At  Castor,  Mr.  Artis  found 
that  the  bricks  were  made  of  clay  mixed  with  about  one-third  of 
rye  in  the  chaff,  which,  after  having  been  consumed  by  fire,  give 
the  appearance  of  being  honeycombed. 

C.  H.  Read,  Esq.,  F.A.S.,  found  a  table  of  black  clay  in  a  Roman 
kiln  at  Shoebury,  in  Essex,  resting  upon  a  disc  three  feet  six  inches 
in  diameter,  upon  which,  he  supposes,  the  pottery  was  placed,  and 
piled  up  to  the  domed  roof  previous  to  removal  to  the  kiln ;  there 
was  an  outside  fireplace  communicating  with  an  aperture  in  the 
wall  of  the  kiln  for  the  admission  of  heated  air. 

LIST  OF  OBJECTS  FOUND  IN  THE  KIL& 
Jug  with  handle,  smooth  black-brown  ware.     Diameter  at  mouth 

27  inches,  height  6 '3  inches  ;    greatest  circumference  20  inches, 

thickness  0'2  inch. 

The  upper  portion  of  a  jug,  showing  the  attachment  of  the  handle, 

which   the  tang  at  the  lower   part   (lost)   would   keep   in  place. 


130  ROMANO-BRITISH    BRICK-KILN,    ETC. 

Diameter  at  mouth  2  inches,  neck  constricted ;  of  coarser  material 
than  No.  1.  Similar  in  shape  and  quality  to  the  above,  diameter 
at  mouth  1*5  inches. 

Fragment  of  a  jug  with  handle  with  two  grooves  attached. 

Fragment  of  pottery  of  the  common  brown  ware,  showing  an 
eyelet,  the  perforation  1*08  inches  by  1'OS  inches. 

Fragment  of  pottery,  brown  ware,  coarser  than  the  above,  with 
an  eyelet. 

Fragment  of  smooth  brown  ware  with  an  eyelet,  perforation  only 
1-02  by  1-05. 

Lower  portion  of  a  handle  with  one  groove,  with  a  tang  attached, 
coarse  reddish  brown  ware. 

Fragment  of  the  base  of  a  cullender  of  coarse  brown  ware  per- 
forated with  three  holes. 

Fragment  of  a  handle,  ornamented  with  three  grooves,  coarse  red 
ware. 

Rim  of  a  pot  of  smooth  black-brown-ware. 

Rim  of  a  large  vessel  of  coarse  red- ware. 

Fragment  of  black-brown  pottery  ornamented  with  cross  lines. 

Part  of  the  bottom  of  a  cullender  of  coarse  red  pottery  and  two 
pieces  of  similar  quality. 

The  rim  of  a  vessel  of  fine  whitish-clay  ornamented  with  a  double 
horizontal  rib,  with  a  ledge  on  the  inside  to  receive  a  lid. 

Fragment  of  a  roof-tile,  bright  red,  similar  in  appearance  to 
the  pottery  now  made  at  Kingstag. 

Thin  pieces  of  fine-grained  limestone,  with  sharp  and  worn 
edges.  Mr.  Warne  says  they  are  analogous  to  the  thin  pieces  of 
wood  now  used  in  the  manufactory  of  coarse-ware  for  bringing  it 
into  the  required  form. 

Balls  of  baked  clay,  probably  used  for  propping  up  the  vessels  in 
the  kiln. 

Only  a  few  fragments  of  Red  Samian-ware  were  found  in  the 
kiln  ;  they  are  plain  and  without  ornamentation. 

Fragment  of  the  bottom  of  a  vessel  of  Red  Samian-ware  stamped 
with  the  maker's  name  (OFNARIS)  within  a  narrow  rectangular 


ROMANO-BRITISH    BRICK-KILN,    ETC.  131 

label — a  name  which  occurs  on  a  piece  of  Red  Samian-ware  found 
at  Colchester. 

A  fragment  of  Red  Samian-ware  with  a  lead  band  or  rivet  to 
unite  two  fractured  pieces,  one  of  which  is  lost ;  the  rivet  which 
held  it  stands  out  half-an-inch  beyond  the  edge  of  the  piece  to 
which  it  is  attached. 

Fragment  of  a  shallow  vessel,  Red  Samian-ware,  2 -3  inches  high  ; 
when  complete  would  be  about  8  inches  in  diameter,  tool-marked. 

FLINT. 

Two  flint-discs,  probably  used  to  scrape  the  pottery  after  it  had 
been  taken  from  the  kiln. 

A  flint  knife,  edge  somewhat  serrate,  the  point  broken  off. 

COIN. 

Vespasian. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 
Septaria. 

BAGBER  BRITISH  BARROW. 

The  Bagber  Barrow  stands  on  the  boundary  hedge  which  divides 
Milborne  St.  Andrew  from  Milton  Abbas.  It  is  60ft.  long  and 
8ft.  high,  but  it  must  have  been  considerably  higher  originally 
than  at  the  present  time  ;  encroachments,  levellings  by  the  plough, 
and  atmospheric  changes  have  done  much  to  diminish  its  height 
and  breadth,  giving  it  the  appearance  of  a  long-barrow,  which  the 
interments  show  not  to  be  the  case. 

I  took  no  less  than  23  urns  from  the  barrow,  which  were  hand- 
made, every  one  contained  calcined  bones.  Two  were  inverted  ; 
the  mouths  of  the  remaining  21  were  either  covered  by  a  sarsen 
stone  or  a  large  flint;  among  these  were  two  small  cups,  which,  like 
the  rest,  contained  calcined  bones,  probably  those  of  an  infant. 
All  were  made  of  local  clay,  but  so  imperfectly  burnt  they  fell  to 
pieces  as  soon  as  the  mould  which  supported  them  was  removed. 
The  urns  of  this  period  were  supposed  at  one  time  to  be  sun-baked, 


132  ROMANO-BRITISH   BRICK-KILN,    ETC. 

but  in  those  islands,  where  the  rays  of  the  sun  can  scarcely  pene- 
trate our  murky  atmosphere,  this  would  be  impossible. 

The  urns  were  probably  moulded  on  the  spot  previous  to  the 
interments  and  semi-baked  by  a  temporary  fire. 

The  barrow  urns  are  divided  into  cinerary  urns,  food  vessels, 
drinking  cups,  and  so-called  incense  cups.  The  cinerary  urn 
usually  contains  calcined  bones,  is  usually  only  slightly  orna- 
mented, but  more  so  than  the  smaller  vessels,  except  the  drinking- 
cups. 

The  food  vessel  is  supposed  to  have  contained  offerings  of  food, 
and  is  only  associated  with  interments  by  cremation.  The 
incense-cup  is  small  and  only  found  with  burnt  bones,  with  which 
it  is  usually  filled — children's  probably  !  The  cinejary  urn  varies 
considerably  in  size,  form,  and  ornamentation.  The  barrow  and 
the  Romano-British  pottery  possess  scarcely  anything  in  common  ; 
the  difference  is  well  marked. 

To  avoid  the  danger  of  cracks  and  flaws  the  Dorset  British 
potter  mixed  his  clay  with  small  pieces  of  chalk  or  flint.  The 
earliest  decorations  appear  to  have  been  produced  by  a  reed  or  rush 
twisted  round  the  urn  or  pot  before  being  placed  in  the  kiln,  when 
in  a  soft,  plastic  state. 

Neolithic  man  appears  to  have  had  no  imitative  capacity,  no 
instance  occurs  of  any  attempt  on  his  part,  to  delineate  a  natural 
object,  leaf,  flower,  or  animal,  and  in  this  respect  he  differed  from 
his  palaeolithic  predecessor,  whose  artistic  powers  are  exhibited 
in  delineations  of  the  wild  animals  with  which  he  was  associated, 
on  his  weapons  and  implements  of  chase,  &c.  The  ornamentations 
on  the  pottery  of  neolithic  man  mainly  consist  of  combinations  of 
straight  lines  in  every  variety,  perpendicular,  parallel,  or  crossing 
each  other.  Occasionally  there  are  dotted  markings  of  different 
shapes  made  apparently  by  finger  nails.  It  is  a  question  whether 
the  urns  were  especially  made  for  sepulchral  use  only.  The  barrows 
frequently  contain  a  quantity  of  fragmentary  pottery  more  or  less 
similar  to  that  found  in  British  dwellings,  probably  sherds  of 
vessels  for  domestic  use.  The  broken  sherd  taken  from  the  house 


ROMANO-BRITISH   BRICK-KILN,    ETC.  133 

of  the  deceased  might  have  had  a  fetish  character  in  the  estimation 
of  superstitious  relatives,  and  great  sanctity  attached  to  it.  The 
flints  so  frequently  found  mixed  up  with  the  burnt  bones  had  a 
value  in  the  mind  of  the  Briton  in  connection  with  fire,  which  was 
held  in  great  veneration  and  awe,  and  is  so  now  among  barbarous 
nations. 

Sepulchral  pottery  is  often  the  only  conclusive  evidence  to  enable 
the  anthropologist  to  distinguish  between  the  intruding  conqueror 
and  the  aboriginal  occupant,  and  sometimes  is  the  only  evidence  of 
the  limits  of  ancient  empire.  The  boundaries  of  Roman  dominion 
have  been  traced  by  the  red  Samian  and  other  distinguishing  fictile 
wares.  None  more  conclusively  establishes  the  traces  of  the  Roman 
period  than  their  pottery.  The  depth  at  which  potsherds  have  been 
discovered  in  the  alluvium  of  the  Nile  has  been  the  basis  of  specu- 
lation on  the  antiquity  of  civilisation. 

We  owe  much  of  our  knowledge  of  the  races  of  man  to  the 
grave-mounds  and  their  contents.  Although  the  British  barrows 
do  not  define  the  limits  of  a  prehistoric  period  they  distinguish  the 
Palaeolithic  from  the  Neolithic  Age,  for,  as  far  as  is  yet  ascertained, 
pottery  was  not  associated  with  prehistoric  man  until  after  the 
Paleolithic  Age.  The  later  Neolithic  Age  of  Great  Britain  lapped 
over  the  period  of  the  Roman  occupation,  at  least  during  the  earlier 
part  of  it. 

It  has  been  questioned  which  of  the  two  arts,  brick-making  or 
pottery,  has  the  precedence  in  time.  Both  are  generally  admitted 
to  be  the  earliest  efforts  of  human  ingenuity,  as  also  the  potter's 
wheel.  The  Egyptian  possessed  the  art  of  brick-making  in  a  high 
state  of  perfection  at  a  period  contemporary  with  the  Neolithic  Age 
of  the  West.  Bricks  for  building  purposes  were  introduced  into 
England  from  Northern  Germany ;  the  art  of  making  them  had 
been  lost  since  the  departure  of  the  Romans.  A  breke  Icylne  is 
mentioned  in  1442  in  connection  with  Eton  College,  which 
Henry  VI.  was  then  founding. 

In  the  vast  tracts  of  alluvial  soil  where  quarries  are  not  within 
reach  clay  is  everywhere  found.  Babylon  was  built  of  brick  on 


134  ROMANO-BRITISH    BRICK-KILN,    ETC. 

the  banks  of  the  Tigris ;  its  lofty  terraces  have  mouldered  away 
into  heaps  of  their  original  dust.  On  the  banks  of  the  Nile  by 
the  side  of  temples  of  imperishable  granite  are  pyramids  of  brick, 
the  sharp  angles  of  which  have  been  long  effaced.  No  large  rivers 
flowed  in  Greece  to  form  an  alluvial  soil ;  in  its  stead  Nature 
furnished  an  inexhaustible  supply  of  stone 'of  which  the  Greeks 
took  advantage,  of  which  there  is  abundant  evidence  in  every 
direction.  The  later  Roman  preferred  the  volcanic  products, 
peperine  and  travertine,  which  were  to  be  sought  farther  off  than 
the  clay-deposits  of  the  Tiber  ;  but  in  early  times  stone  only  was 
used  in  their  largest  public  buildings ;  ordinarily  they  were  con- 
structed of  baked  clay,  the  facings  only  being  of  stone  or  marble. 
Flat  baked  bricks  formed  the  outside  walls  of  many  edifices 
cemented  together  in  layers.  In  the  Christian  era  St.  Paolo  and 
other  Roman  churches  were  built  of  brick. 

In  the  alluvial  plains  of  the  valley  of  the  Po,  although  many 
of  the  earlier  buildings  were  constructed  entirely  of  stone  from 
quarries  at  a  distance,  those  of  later  date,  except  the  shafts  of  the 
pillars,  which  were  required  to  be  delicate  and  detached,  were  built 
of  brick  and  stone  intermixed.  In  many  of  the  ecclesiastical 
buildings  at  Parma,  Venice,  Verona,  Milan,  and  Mantua  is  a  rich 
embroidery  of  marble  on  a  body  of  brick.  The  Farnese  Palace, 
begun  by  Bramante  and  finished  by  Michael  Angelo,  has  plain 
surfaces  of  brick,  so  fine  in  texture  and  neat  in  the  joints,  that  by 
the  superficial  observer  it  is  generally  taken  for  stone. 

Brick  was  made  use  of  until  a  very  late  period  in  Modern  Rome. 


dhurdi  anfc  (Earthtoork. 


By  the  Rev.  Canon  Sir  TALBOT  H.  B.  BAKER,  Bart. 


|R.  WARNE,  a  better  guide  than  Hutching  here,  in 
his  "Ancient  Dorset"  (pp.  101-5)  calls  the 
one  before  you  No.  2  of  four  earthworks, 
which  he  describes  with  the  remark  that  "  the 
character  of  these  remains  differs  so  thoroughly 
from  that  of  those  of  which  we  have  hitherto 
discoursed  that  I  must  assign  them  a  class  by 
themselves."  Assisted  by  a  friend  I  examined 
Nos.  1,  3,  and  4  of  Warne's  list  a  fortnight  ago, 
arid  was  sorry  to  find  that  farming  operations  have  almost  entirely 
obliterated  the  traces  of  Nos.  3  and  4,  which  lay  to  the  north  and 
north-west  of  No.  2,  so  that  I  cannot  honestly  say  I  could  make  out 
the  lines  of  the  areas  enclosed,  though  Mr.  Warne  was  able,  some 
40  or  50  years  ago,  to  give  their  respective  measurements.  There 
can  be  no  mistake  about  the  position  he  assigns  to  them — for  he 
speaks  of  both  these  circles  as  being  near  to  "  many  ancient  yew 
trees."  These,  happily,  have  not  been  cut  down,  and  their  appear- 
ance, in  single  file,  gave  a  weirdness  to  the  locality  which  may  be 
termed  harmonious. 

I  need  not  speak  much  about  Warne's  earthwork  No  1.  A  small 
but  conspicuous  fragment  of  it  remains  south  of,  and  close  by,  yon 
farmhouse,  but  it  has  been  cut  through  since  his  time  for  a  useful, 
but  not  archaeological,  adjunct  to  a  farmyard — a  duck  puddle  ! 


136         KNOWLTON  CHURCH  AND  EARTHWORK. 

By  the  bye,  Mr.  Warne  calls  the  lane  up  which  we  must  have 
come  "  Lombard-street-larie."  There  are  some  "banks  "on  either 
side  of  it  certainly.  He  directs  attention  to  that  barrow  which  he 
terms  "an  immense  one,"  but  does  not  pronounce  it  of  a  long  or 
round  type,  an  important  factor  in  deciding  anything  about  the  age 
of  these  circles,  particularly  of  the  one  which  remains  nearly  intact 
before  us.  If  it  could  be  called  a  round  barrow  it  would  belong, 
according  to  the  acknowledged  antiquarian  formula,  to  the  "  round 
skulls  " — the  later  race  of  the  inhabitants  of  this  part  of  Britain. 
General  Pitt-Rivers  considers  it  a  round  barrow,  and,  of  course,  I 
bow  to  his  opinion — but  I  wish  the  mounds  were  free  from  the 
disfigurement  of  trees — which,  so  usually  ornamental,  are  quite  out 
of  place  on  these  vestiges  of  antiquity. 

I  have  two  more  complaints  to  make  about  the  way  in  which 
these  relics  of  the  past  are  kept.  One  is  the  great  length  of  the 
grass  in  the  circle  before  us.  It  absolutely  prevents  the  obtaining 
correct  impressions  of  this  old-world  treasure.  We  cannot  trust  the 
eye,  but  must  go  to  our  books  to  learn  "  that  the  vallum  (or  mound) 
has  a  narrow  terrace  raised  near  to  its  summit  on  the  inner  side  " — 
also  "  that  the  fosse  (or  ditch)  shows  signs  of  much  disturbance." 
Every  one  can,  however,  make  out  that  the  work  is  in  Warne's 
"  words  "  carefully  planned.  Its  diameter  from  north  to  south  is 
76  paces,  and  from  east  to  west  78.  The  entrances  are  on  the 
north-east  and  south-west  sides.  Warne  thinks  the  former  "  to  be 
of  later  date— not  original."  The  area  measures,  he  says,  1  acre, 
3  roods,  20  perches — call  it  two  acres  for  convenience.  "  The  surface 
of  the  ground  is  broken  and  uneven.  A  part  of  the  mound  on  the 
north  side  has  been  taken  away.  They  say  several  spear  heads  of 
iron  were  discovered  in  the  process."  These  could  not  have  been 
the  property  of  either  the  long  or  round  skulled  races,  nor  have 
been  used  in  defensive  warfare.  For  here  comes  in  my  chief 
remark,  this  earthwork  never  could  have  been  used  for  defence. 
You  ask  why  ?  My  answer  is  :  Look  at  the  position  of  the  ditch 
inside,  not  outside,  of  the  mound  all  round.  Now  reflect  a 
moment.  Would  any  human  beings  who  had  reason  enough  to 


KNOWLTON  CHURCH  AND  EARTHWORK.        137 

throw  up  earthworks  at  all  have  placed  their  ditch  within,  and  not 
without,  the  mound  raised  from  its  materials  1  We  cannot  suppose 
that  they  \i  ould  take  the  best  conceivable  step  to  help  the  rush  of 
the  attacking  enemy,  and  to  weaken  their  defending  line.  To  what 
purpose  then  did  they  dig  their  ditches  in  this  manner  1  Anti- 
quarians, differing  as  they  do  on  most  other  points,  are  pretty  well 
agreed  on  this  one.  In  the  words  of  the  late  lamented  Precentor 
Venables  (see  Murray's  "Handbook  for  \Yilts,"  &c.),  describing 
Avebury  Circle  in  North  Wilts,  where  a  similar  arrangement  of 
surrounding  ditch  and  mound  exists,  "  One  thing  only  seems 
undeniable,  that  it  was  not  a  military  work.  Other  monuments  of 
this  kind  were  religious,  sepulchral,  or  monumental." 

If  I  were  to  choose  between  these  purposes  at  Avebury.  with  its 
mighty  area  of  28  acres  and  more,  and  its  rampart  4,400ft.  round, 
and  its  inner  ditch,  the  height  from  the  bottom  to  the  top  of  mound 
being  70ft.,  and  its  circle  of  stones  on  the  inside  of  the  ditch  100  in 
number,  and  its  two  circular  groups  of  stone  within  this  again,  I 
should  unhesitatingly  say  the  religious  was  the  purpose — that  the 
rude  tribesmen  sitting  on  the  vallum  might,  without  intruding  on 
the  religious  rites,  assist  at  and  survey  them.  And  the  same  thing  I 
would  say  of  the  circle  at  Arbor  Lowe,  in  Derbyshire,  where,  as  at 
Avebury  and  here,  you  see  the  ditch  within  the  mound.  Arbor 
Lowe  is  much  smaller  than  Avebury,  but  it  is  large  enough  to  con- 
tain a  space  wherein  lie  flat  on  their  faces  some  18  or  20  large  stones 
— prostrated,  by  the  looks  of  them  all  lying  in  one  direction,  as  they 
do,  by  an  earthquake.  The  circle  in  front  of  us  is  on  a  small  scale, 
but  it  exhibits  a  similar  plan  made,  I  submit,  for  a  similar  purpose. 

I  conclude  that  this  mound  and  ditch,  and  if  you  can  make  out  in 
the  long  grass  Warne's  terrace  on  the  former  it  will  strengthen  the 
conclusion,  were  for  the  inhabitants  of  the  surrounding  country 
(and  the  tumuli  all  about  prove  that  they  were  many)  to  indulge 
in  those  observances  of  religion  which  commended  themselves  to 
their  rude  ideas  as  acceptable  to  the  god  or  gods  whom  they 
ignorantly  worshipped.  The  presence  of  the  very  curious  little 
church  before  us  may  confirm  this  view* 


138        KNOWLTON  CHURCH  AND  EARTHWORK. 

It  was  by  no  means  uncommon  to  find  the  sites  of  Pagan 
superstition  converted  into  places  of  Christian  worship — in  proof 
of  which  truth  Warne  instances  the  cathedrals  of  Le  Mans  and 
Chaitres  in  France,  and  our  own  St.  Paul's,  as  being  "  built  on 
ground  dedicated  to  the  worship  of  some  heathen  deity." 

Knowlton  Church,  small  as  it  is,  is  of  two  periods — Early 
Norman  and  Decorated,  The  first  builders  laid  out  a  plan  for  a 
nave,  chancel,  and  narrow  north  aisle  in  the  beginning  of  the 
twelfth  century  ;  the  later  builders — about  230  years  subsequently 
— added  the  tower,  certainly,  and  probably  the  porch  and  the 
chantry  leading  out  of  the  chancel.  But  to  decide  the  latter 
points  I  would  invite  the  building  experts  among  you  to  carefully 
examine  the  joints  in  the  walling  of  both  porch  and  chantry.  I 
ask,  at  the  points  of  union  with  the  south  wall  of  nave  or  north- 
east wall  of  chancel,  are  these  joints  straight  joints  or  bonded  into 
the  adjoining  walls  1  Dr.  lSToyes  and  I  looked  carefully  at  them 
the  other  day  and  came  to  the  conclusion  that  they  are  straight 
joints,  and  so  were  additions  to  the  original  edifice.  But  the 
difficulty  of  ascertaining  the  latter,  through  the  thick,  almost 
impenetrable,  mass  of  ivy  and  bramble  with  which  this  interesting 
building  is  enveloped,  at  that  part  in  particular,  is  considerable. 

And  here  I  must  earnestly  enquire  why  should  coarse  elder  trees 
be  allowed  to  interfere  with  the  view  of  the  proportions  of  the 
nave,  and  almost  to  stop  the  passage  between  nave  and  chancel, 
and  why  should  a  perfect  jungle  of  briars  be  permitted  to  gather 
round  the  north-east  end,  both  inside  and  out  1  A  woodman,  in 
an  hour  or  two,  with  an  axe  and  billhook,  would  improve  the 
appearance  of  the  place  enormously,  and  enable  those  who  are 
interested  in  old  buildings  to  satisfy  themselves  on  some  points 
which  are  now  veiled  from  their  view. 

Whoever  built  the  porch  built  it  disproportionately  long,  and 
the  north  aisle  is  so  narrow  as  scarcely,  one  would  think,  to  have 
been  worth  building  at  all.  However,  if  you  stoop  down  and  see 
how  its  foundations  are  bonded  into  those  of  the  north  wall,  you 
will,  I  think,  have  no  doubt  that  it  is  Norman  work.  The  west 


KNOWLTON  CHURCH  AND  EARTHWORK.        139 

jamb  of  the  arch  leading  to  it  is  original,  and  there  is  a  stone  that 
looks  like  a  bit  of  the  Norman  impost,  but  the  archway  of  modern 
brick,  cemented  over,  is  of  course  much  larger  than  it  was  at  first. 

The  tracery  of  the  south  nave  and  east  chancel  windows  is  quite 
gone,  but  the  width  of  the  openings  seems  to  point  to  the 
conclusion  that  the  later  builders  acted  here,  according  to  their 
fashion  elsewhere,  i.e.,  enlarged  their  predecessors'  window  space. 
There  is  evidence  that,  for  some  reason,  they  partly  blocked  up 
the  bottom  of  the  south  window  when  widening  the  upper  part. 
You  will  see  this  on  the  outside.  There  is  a  large  fiat  stone  lying 
on  the  ground  between  the  north  aisle  and  chantry  that  we  thought 
at  first  was  the  old  altar  stone,  but  we  deemed  it  afterwards  to  be 
too  thick  for  that  purpose.  The  chancel  bears  evidence  that  it  was 
paved  with  red  tiles. 

I  should  have  stated  before  that  the  church  is  built  of  flint  with 
stone  dressings ;  also  that  it  was  formerly  a  chapel  of  ease  to  Horton. 
In  1550  one  Sir  Richard  Saunders  is  said  to  have  been  curate  here, 
when  there  were  three  bells  in  the  tower.  "After  1650  it  lay 
unfrequented  many  years,  till  about  40  years  since  (says  Hutchins 
in  the  1st  Edition),  when  it  was  repaired  and  frequented."  "The 
roof  afterwards  fell  in.  It  has  not  been  officiated  in  for  many 
years,"  adds  the  editor  of  the  3rd  Edition. 

A  fair  was  formerly  held  at  Knowlton  in  July,  now  removed  to 
Woodlands. 

KNOWLTON  CHURCH. 
NOTE   BY   W.    J.    FLETCHER,    ESQ. 

This  Church,  which  has  been  in  a  ruinous  state  for  many  years, 
consists  of  a  nave  27ft.  long  by  14ft.  6in.  wide,  chancel  12ft.  long 
by  10ft.  wide. 

There  are  the  remains  of  a  Chantry  Chapel  on  the  north  side  of 
chancel  9ft.  Gin.  wide  and  the  same  length  as  the  Chancel.  The 
jambs  of  the  opening  between  the  Chancel  and  the  Chapel  are 
splayed  to  form  a  squint.  There  are  two  stone  brackets  walled  in  on 


140         KNOWLTON  CHURCH  AND  EARTHWORK. 

each  side  of  the  altar  at  the  east  end  of  the  Chapel.  There  was  also 
a  narrow  aisle,  5ft.  Tin.  wide,  on  the  north  side  of  the  Nave,  and  at 
the  west  end  there  is  a  tower  built  in  three  compartments,  8ft.  4in. 
from  east  to  west,  and  8ft.  from  north  to  south. 

The  walls  form  an  interesting  example  of  mediaeval  masonry  and 
are  built  almost  entirely  of  flints  with  bands  of  stone  to  bond  them 
together. 

The  ashlar  work  of  the  jambs  and  arches,  especially  of  the  earlier 
work,  is  beautifully  executed  and  almost  savours  of  Roman  handi- 
craft, and,  considering  the  exposure  it  has  been  subject  to,  is  in  a 
wonderfully  good  state  of  preservation  ;  the  same  may  be  said  of 
the  plaster  on  the  walls. 

The  early  Norman  work  in  the  Nave  is  also  most  interesting ; 
the  narrowness  of  the  opening  between  the  Chancel  and  Nave  (only 
4ft.  lOin.)  should  be  noted  as  being  one  of  the  characteristics  of 
that  period.  The  tower  is  of  the  Early  Decorated  period  and  is 
very  pleasing  in  design,  and  the  arch,  although  plain,  is  well 
proportioned  and  the  execution  of  the  masonry  good. 

It  seems  strange  that  a  Christian  church  should  have  been 
placed  in  what  was  evidently  once  upon  a  time  one  of  the  sacred 
circles  or  places  of  worship  of  a  barbarous  tribe,  perhaps  where  the 
Druid  priests  conducted  their  mysterious  rites. 


Jlnalpsis  a  §tnibrtb  fears  Jlgcr. 


By   THOS.    B.    GROVES. 


N  the  neighbourhood  of  Weymouth,  issuing  from  shaley 
beds  strongly  impregnated  with  pyrites,  there  are 
numerous  sulphur  springs;  the  most  considerable, 
though  not  perhaps  the  most  potent,  being  that  of 
Nottington,  some  two  and  a-half  miles  from  the 
borough  This  has  always  had  a  reputation  for 
medicinal  value;  but  it  was  not  until  the  end  of 
the  last  century  that  steps  were  taken  to  inclose  the  spring,  and  to 
furnish  certain  conveniences  in  the  way  of  pumps,  baths,  &c.  This 
action  was  mainly  due  to  John  Crane,  physician,  at  Dorchester, 
whose  work,  "  An  Account  of  the  Nature,  Properties,  and  Medicinal 
Use  of  the  Mineral  Water  at  Nottington,"  I  propose  to  re\iew. 
The  book  is  a  little  duodecimo  of  44  pages,  with  an  illustration 
giving  the  then  appearance  of  the  well.  It  was  printed  by 
T.  Lockett,  Dorchester  (year  not  stated),  and  was  to  be  sold 
for  Is. 

The  author  commences  \\ith  an  attempt  to  define  the  taste  of 
the  water,  and  shows  some  skill  in  leading  up  to  the  inevitable 
conclusion  that  it  is  disgusting.  He  writes  :  "  This  spring,  in  the 
opinion  of  many,  resembles  very  much  to  the  palate  a  weak 
solution  of  sal  polychrest  :  it  has  been  compared  to  a  boiled  egg 
by  some,  somewhat  stale,  and  by  others  to  rotten  eggs."  Then, 


142       WATER  ANALYSIS  A.  HUNDRED  YEARS  AGO. 

with  regard  to  the  specific  gravity,  "  when  compared  with  that  of 
distilled  water  by  means  of  the  hydrostaticai  balance,  the  difference 
between  them  is  so  trifling  as  not  to  be  an  object  of  any  consider- 
ation on  that  account  ;  the  latter  is  rather  the  lighter  of  the  two." 
One  other  physical  peculiarity  he  notes — "in  colour  it  has  a  milky, 
slight  blue  tinge,  which  appears  to  be  considerably  heightened  by 
viewing  the  water  in  a  tin  vessel."  He  then  plunges  into  what 
passed  in  that  day  for  chemistry. 

"  That  there  is  an  acidity  in  this  water  is  not  to  be  doubted  in 
the  least,  from  its  property  of  turning  white  on  being  n:ixed  with 
alkalies,  and  from  its  curdling  immediately  with  soap.  This  acid 
is  most  undoubtedly  inherent  in  its  sulphur,  and  affords  a  perfect 
confutation  of  the  opinion  which  that  learned  physician,  Dr. 
Stahll,  most  erroneously  maintained — viz.,  c  that  acids  do  not 
pre-exist  in  sulphur,  but  are  merely  creatures  of  the  fire.'  This 
assertion,  the  author  further  states,  *  is  easily  disproved  in  these 
later  times  by  all  who  are  become  better  acquainted  with  the 
component  parts  of  this  mineral  by  the  progressive  improvements 
made  in  chemistry.' " 

But  this  acidity,  singular  enough,  co-exists  with  alkalinity — 
"  that  the  Nottington  water  abounds  with  an  alkali  manifestly 
appears,  from  an  analysis  of  its  component  parts,  by  the  usual 
process  of  evaporation.  The  salt  which  is  afterwards  extracted 
from  the  insoluble  residuum,  on  being  well  rubbed  into  raw  meat, 
occasions  it  to  turn  very  red,  in  conformity  with  the  well-known 
property  of  alkaline  nitre."  By  applying  tincture  of  galls  he 
demonstrates  that  it  has  "  no  chalybeate  or  ferruginous  impreg- 
nation," and  that  it  "  contains  no  oker  is  presumed  on  the  first 
inspection  of  the  water."  Moreover,  the  stones  in  the  vicinity  of 
the  well  apparently  resemble  "  common  stones,  and  the  neighbour- 
ing springs  do  not  differ  from  common  simple  water,"  whatever 
these  may  mean.  "In  evaporating  the  water  its  sulphureous 
smell  is  entirely  removed  by  the  time  half  the  water  is  exhaled  in 
the  operation.  The  process  of  evaporating  four  quarts  of  the  water 
to  dryness  in  the  common  way  leaves  about  two  scruples  or 


WATER   ANALYSIS    A   HUNDRED    YEARS    AGO.  143 

somewhat  more  of  a  brown  reddish  mass.  If,  however,  a  glass 
retort  is  made  use  of,  and  the  water  is  drawn  off  by  a  very  gentle 
sand  heat  with  great  circumspection,  almost  a  third  more  may  be 
gained  from  the  same  quantity  of  the  water.  The  salt,  which 
is  afterwards  extracted  from  the  insoluble  residuum,  is  in  the 
proportion  of  10  gr.  (of  the  former)  to  2  of  the  latter.  This  salt, 
when  mixed  with  spirit  of  vitriol,  causes  a  very  considerable 
ebullition,  affording  thereby  essential  evidence  of  its  alkaline 
quality,  in  addition  to  what  has  already  been  observed.  When 
this  salt  is  rubbed  with  sal  ammoniac  it  has  an  urinous  pungent 
smell,  and  when  it  is  mixed  with  salt  of  tartar  it  gives  off  rather 
an  offensive  foetid  odour." 

"  It  has  been  observed  that  a  very  pretty  experiment  may  be 
made  with  this  water  after  being  kept  a  proper  time,  and  this 
without  the  trouble  of  a  regular  chemical  process  [such,  I  suppose, 
as  the  writer  has  already  indicated].  By  keeping  the  Nottington 
water  in  bottles  for  the  space  of  a  twelve-month,  or  more,  it  affords 
a  spontaneous  partial  analysis  of  itself;  light  bodies  of  different 
colours  are  observed  floating  on  its  surface.  These  are  the  sul- 
phureous particles  now  all  collected  together,  which  were  originally 
diffused  throughout  the  substance  of  the  whole.  These  slender 
corpuscules,  if  carefully  taken  up  and  dried,  and  afterwards  strewed 
on  a  red-hot  poker  or  bar  of  iron,  flame  and  sparkle  beautifully  into 
an  infinite  variety  of  colours,  resembling  a  peacock's  tail,  very 
elegantly  illustrating  the  formation  of  the  variegated  scum  so 
frequently  observed  on  the  surface  of  many  mineral  waters, 
sulphureous  as  well  as  chalybeate." 

It  seems  that  Dr.  Crane  was  not  the  first  in  the  field,  but  that 
he  had  been  preceded  by  Godfrey  in  1719.  by  Dr.  W.  Gumming, 
of  Dorchester,  in  1740,  and  by  Dr.  Rutty  in  1749.  Their  experi- 
ments were  even  more  elaborate  than  his  own,  the  reagents  used 
being  solutions  of  silver,  lead,  copperas,  and  alum,  sea-water,  soap, 
volatile  alkalies  (mild  and  caustic),  tincture  and  powder  of  galls  and 
such  other  astringents,  syrup  of  violets,  &c.  The  results  obtained 
are  not  stated,  but  they  are.  supposed  to  "  tend  indisputably  to 


144  WATER   ANALYSIS   A    HUNDRED    YEARS   AGO. 

confirm  the  opinion  universally  received  and  proved  by  all  preceding 
experiments,  that  this  water  is  principally  impregnated  with  sulphur 
and  the  native  alkaline  salt  or  natron  with  which  almost  all  the 
mineral  waters  in  France  so  plentifully  abound,  and  which  many 
affirm  to  be  the  true  nitre  of  the  antients.  This  natron,  some 
are  of  opinion,  bears  a  nearer  affinity  to  sal  ammoniac  than  to 
saltpetre." 

The  author's  chemistry,  however,  must  not  be  too  severely 
criticised,  nor  too  much  expected  of  him  when  in  the  same  field 
such  scientific  luminaries  as  Short,  Shaw,  Boyle,  and  Hoffmann 
had  confessedly  failed. 

The  inherent  virtues  of  mineral  waters  are  not  to  be  explained — 
must  probably  ever  remain  involved  in  doubt  and  obscurity.  The 
writer  must  therefore  be  commended  for  the  next  very  sensible 
observation  :  "  It  is  not  to  be  doubted  but  that  the  greater  part  of 
mineral  waters  most  assuredly  contain  certain  inherent  principles 
from  which  their  virtues  derive  their  source  respectively,  which 
are  not  to  be  ascertained  by  any  experiments  whatever  \  they  are 
placed  infinitely  too  far  beyond  our  reach,  the  imperfections  of 
human  nature  utterly  precluding  us  from  the  power  of  considering 
them  as  the  objects  of  sense." 

"  Thus,  for  instance,  with  respect  to  the  inherent  specific  pro- 
perties of  the  Nottington  water  now  under  consideration.  Who  is 
able  to  ascertain  positively  to  which  particular  quality  of  it  its 
acknowledged  healing  virtue  is  indebted  1  Is  it  owing  to  its  sul- 
phureous acid  ?  to  its  alkaline  salt  ?  to  a  due  combination  of  both, 
co-existing  in  this  salutary  spring?  or  perhaps,  after  all,  to  some 
active  principle  in  the  elementary  water  itself,  not  cognisable  by 
the  organs  of  our  senses  1 "  It  is  only  fair  to  say  with  regard  to 
this  statement  that  it  very  well  expresses  the  opinion  of  the  best 
chemists  of  the  present  day  who,  notwithstanding  the  refinements 
introduced  into  the  art  of  water-analysis  by  such  men  as  Frank- 
land,  Wanklyn,  Tidy,  and  others,  are  free  to  confess  that  they  are 
quite  unable  to  account  for  all,  or  nearly  all,  the  qualities  observable 
in  either  potable  or  medicinal  waters. 


WATER   ANALYSIS   A    HUNDRED    YEARS    AGO.  145 

There  follows  a  disquisition  on  the  remedial  qualities  of  Notting- 
ton  water,  followed  by  warnings  against  its  injudicious  employment, 
Imt  this  I  do  not  propose  to  summarise  further  than  by  quoting  a 
neat  Latin  couplet  on  the  title-page  : — 

Vulnera  persanat,  maculas  terit,  ulcera  siccat, 
Vires  restituit  ;  sit  tamen  arte  data. 

The  condition  of  the  well  was  very  much  neglected  at  this  time, 
its  only  protection  being  a  low  wall  with  arrangements  for  dipping 
the  water.  It  seems  that  it  is  due  to  the  author's  initiative  that 
steps  were  taken  to  properly  inclose  the  spring  in  a  circular 
building  with  a  suitable  pump  for  delivering  the  liquid  in  a  pure 
state  ;  "  with  an  overflow  conveyed  by  a  trough  to  a  stone  cistern 
sunk  at  a  proper  distance  for  the  purpose  of  washing  diseased 
animals ;  the  abhorred  idea  of  their  being  dipped  in  the  well 
has  deterred  many  people  from  using  the  water,  and  common 
decency  requires  that  such  loathsome  objects  should  be  kept  from 
the  sight  of  those  who  repair  to  the  well  to  drink  the  water."  One 
might  well  be  allowed  to  be  somewhat  squeamish  about  the  use. 
whether  external  or  internal,  of  a  water  open  to  such  dreadful 
suspicions.  Mangy  dog  plus  rotten  eggs  are  surely  a  most  uninviting 
combination. 


Jl  pst  of  fjorthmb 


By  NELSON  M.   RICHARDSON,   B.A., 

Read  December  13th,  1S95. 


INTRODUCTION. 


fully  agree  with  my  friend  Mr.  C.  W.  Dale,  the  author 
of  "  Lepidoptera  of  Dorset,"  that  Portland  must  be 
treated  as  a  separate  district  of  the  county  of  Dorset 
for  Entomological  purposes.  For  there  is  no  part  of 
the  county  where  a  line  of  demarcation  has  been  so 
distinctly  drawn  by  nature,  and  where  so  much  may 
be  met  with  that  is  peculiar  and  interesting,  and  not 
found  elsewhere,  as  at  Portland.  Mrs.  Richardson 
and  I  have  during  the  past  ten  years,  done  a  good 
deal  of  collecting,  especially  night  collecting,  in  this  peninsula,  or 
island,  as  it  is  commonly  called,  and,  at  the  suggestion  of  our 
Treasurer,  I  have  compiled  a  list  of  all  the  Lepidoptera  which  are 
known  to  have  occurred  there  so  far  as  I  have  yet  been  able  to 
ascertain.  In  the  first  place  I  would  express  my  acknowledgments 
to  Mr.  Dale,  who  published  in  Vol.  I.  of  the  Club's  Proceedings  a 
list  of  Portland  Lepidoptera.  In  this  are  contained  some  old 
records  of  species  taken  formerly,  but  which  have  not  occurred 
for  many  years,  and  may  therefore  be  presumed  to  have  become 


Proc.DorsetN.H.&A.EClnb.  VoiXM 

' 


ro 

m 


Helei    r.I. Richardson  pxt. 


lith.Werner  ^Winter  Frankfcrt°/M. 


l.Lita(Gelechia)  instabi!ella,Dougl.     2.  L.salicorniae,  Hering. 
S.Coleophora  adjunctella,  Hodgkn.    with  larvee,  foodplants,  and  case. 


NOTE  ON  THE  INSTABILELLA  GROUP  OF  THE  GENUS 

LIT  A. 

BY  NELSON  M.  RICHARDSON,  B.A.,  F.E.S. 

The  two  species  of  Lita  here  figured  complete  the  little  group  of  the 
five  closely  allied  species  which  occur  in  this  country,  and  which  are  all 
found  on  the  Chesil  Beach.  Their  full  life-histories  are  given  in 
Vols.  xxix.  and  xxx.  of  the  Entomologist's  Monthly  Magazine  by  Mr. 
Eustace  R.  Bankes  and  myself.  Figures  shewing  the  life-history  of  the 
other  three  species,  sucedella,  Richardson  ;  ocellatella,  Stainton  ;  and 
plantaginella,  Stainton  ;  are  given  on  the  plate  at  p.  59  of  Proc.,Vol.  XV., 
and  accounts  of  them  in  the  accompanying  paper  at  p.  64.,  &c. 


EXPLANATION    OF    PLATE. 

I.— Lita  (Gelechid)  instabilella,  Douglas.  1.  Imago;  la.  Larva,  both 
much  magnified  ;  16.  Shoot  of  Atriplex  portulacoides  shewing 
mine  of  larva,  which  eats  out  the  green  fleshy  interior  substance 
of  the  leaf,  in  April. 

[See   Proc.  XV.,  65.     Ent.   Monthly  Mag.,  XXIX.,   243,   247, 

&C.      XXX.,  80.] 

2. — Lita  (Gelechia)  salicornice,  Hering.  2.  Imago;  2a.  Larva,  both 
much  magnified  ;  26.  Two  small  plants  of  Salicornia  hcrbacea 
(Common  Marsh  Samphire  or  Glasswort)  growing  near  each  other 
and  spun  together  by  a  larva.  Frequently  only  one  plant  is  spun 
up  and  generally  more  or  less  distorted.  Though  the  larva  of 
this  moth  has  been  known  for  years,  I  had  been  quite  unable  to 
obtain  it  for  figuring  until  Mr.  Eustace  R.  Bankes  found  it  in  the 
I.  of  Wight  on  July  24th,  1896,  feeding  on  Salicornia,  apparently 
its  favourite  food-plant,  and  kindly  sent  me  specimens.  Shortly 
afterwards  I  discovered  it  not  uncommonly  on  the  same  plant  on 
the  Chesil  Beach,  where  I  had  once  taken  a  few  specimens  of  the 
imago  and  often  searched  unavailingly  for  the  larva.  It  would 
therefore  appear  as  if  1896  had  been  a  specially  favourable  year 
for  this  species  around  Weymouth,  but  Mr.  Bankes  failed  to  find 
more  than  one  imago  and  one  larva  in  Purbeck,  where  it  always 
seems  unaccountably  scarce. 

[See  Proc.  XV.,  65.     Ent.  Monthly  Mag.  XXX.,  80.] 

The  figures  of    the  genus  Lita  on    both  plates  are   from   Dorset 
specimens. 

3. — Coleophora  adjunctella,  Hodgkinson.  3.  Imago ;  3a.  Larva ;  36. 
Case  of  larva,  all  much  magnified.  The  larva  and  case  figured 
were  found  by  me  at  Radipole,  on  the  shore  of  the  backwater.  3c. 
Spray  of  Juncus  Gerardi  (Mud  Rush),  with  case  of  larva  attached 
(nat.  size).  This  species  also  occurs  in  Purbeck,  where  it  is 
apparently  much  commoner  than  at  Weymouth. 

[See  Ent.  Monthly  Mag.,  XVIII.,  189  ;  XXII.,  9,  68  ;  XXIV.,  15  ; 
XXVIIL,  284;  xxxi.,  130;  for  full  information  as  to  life- 
history,  &c. 


PORTLAND    LEPIDOPTERA.  147 

either  rare  or  extinct  in  this  locality.  I  have  also  to  thank  Mr. 
Dale  for  notes  and  records  of  some  other  species  not  included  in 
his  list.  Secondly,  I  have  made  use  of  a  list  published  by  Colonel 
C.  E.  Partridge  in  The  Entomologist  (Vol.  XXII.,  1889,  at  pages 
43  and  56)  of  those  species  which  he  had  himself  taken  at  Portland, 
\vhich  includes  a  few  which  I  have  not  met  with.  Colonel 
Partridge,  living  at  Portland,  and  having  been,  during  part  of  his 
time  there,  a  very  energetic  collector,  added  several  species  to 
the  list  of  Portland  insects,  as  well  as  one  or  two  varieties.  The 
Rev.  0.  P.  Cambridge,  Rev.  C.  R.  Digby,  and  Mr.  E.  R.  Bankes 
have  also  greatly  contributed  to  the  list  at  different  times,  chiefly 
before  I  came  into  this  neighbourhood,  and  I  take  this  opportunity 
of  thanking  them  for  their  kind  help,  especially  Mr.  Bankes,  who 
has  given  me  much  useful  information  about  various  species. 

In  Portland  I  have  thought  it  well  to  include  the  part  of  the 
Cliesil  Beach  from  the  Ferry  Bridge  to  Portland  station,  which 
seems  to  fall  more  naturally  into  this  district  than  into  that  of  the 
adjoining  main  land ;  though  its  entomological  productions  are  of 
so  marked  a  character  that  it  might  almost  deserve  a  separate  list. 
With  comparatively  few  exceptions  the  undercliff  is  the  chief  home 
of  insect  life  at  Portland.  The  higher  parts  are  mostly  either 
quarried  for  stone  or  cultivated,  and  moths  are  very  susceptible  to 
anything  that  is  always  disturbing  them,  and,  with  few  exceptions, 
speedily  become  rare  when  exposed  to  such  influences ;  added  to 
which  the  heights  of  Portland  are  very  bleak  and  afford  but  little 
shelter,  such  as  is  found  on  the  undercliff.  Towards  the  Bill  there 
is  less  cultivation  and  we  find  consequently  more  moths,  but  in 
nothing  like  the  variety  and  numbers  which  the  undercliff 
produces.  The  total  number  in  my  list  is  just  under  600,  which  is 
no  mean  one,  considering  that  there  is  no  variety  in  the  soil  and 
that  the  whole  of  Portland  is  more  or  less  bleak  and  stony,  though 
it  sounds  little  in  comparison  with  the  Purbeck  list  of  over  1,000. 
Purbeck,  however,  is  greatly  favoured  in  possessing  coast,  bog, 
saltmarsh,  sandhills,  heath,  down,  and  wood,  each  with  special 
species. 


148  PORTLAND    LEPIDOPTERA. 

In  one  respect,  however,  Portland  has  the  advantage,  for  no  less 
than  five  species  found  there  regularly,  viz  :— AcidaUa  degeneraria, 
Episclmia  lankesiella,  Tinea  suUilella,  T.  vinculella,  Butalis  siccella 
have  not  been  taken  elsewhere  in  the  British  Isles,  and  it  is  the 
only  locality  in  the  world  for  E.  lanJcesiella.*  Besides  this  the 
specimen  of  Helena  alUfusa  taken  by  Colonel  Partridge  is  unique 
as  British,  and  other  species  such  as  Plusia  ni,  Lapliygma  exigua, 
Diasemia  ramlurialis,  Stigmonota  interruptana,  Epliestia  semirufa 
have  occurred. 

Even  on  the  undercliff  itself  some  species  are  very  local,  and 
this  independently  of  the  range  of  their  food  plants.  For  instance 
AcidaUa  rusticata  which  feeds  on  pellitory  (Parietaria  officinalis) 
and  is  said  also  to  feed  on  ivy,  bramble,  and  I  think  hawthorn,  is 
not  by  any  means  to  be  found  wherever  its  food-plant  occurs, 
pellitory  being  a  very  common  plant  in  Portland  and  the  moth  only 
found  in  a  very  few  spots  near  Pennsylvania.  Again  Venilia 
marulata  feeds  on  nettle,  dead  nettle  and  various  other  plants,  but 
is  confined  to  the  northern  end  of  Portland,  though  there  is  no  lack 
of  its  food  plants  elsewhere.  Lyccena  minima,  the  "  Little  blue 
butterfly,"  with  Anthyllis  vulneraria  for  its  food  plant,  is  very  local 
and  so  is  Sati/rus  Semele,  the  "  Grayling  butterfly  "  (food  plant 
grass).  Ilithyia  carnella  (food-plant  bird's-foot  trefoil,  Lotus 
curniculatus]  one  of  the  most  generally  distributed  Portland  plants, 
I  have  never  taken  except  on  a  small  area  below  the  prison,  where 
it  is  rather  common.  There  is  only  one  part  of  the  West  Cliff 
where  I  have  found  Luperina  cespitis,  the  larva  of  which  feeds  on 
grass,  and  again  Eupitliecia  constrictata,  a  rather  scarce  moth  that 
feeds  on  thyme,  I  have  only  found  in  any  numbers  on  a  small 
area,  though  there  are  quantities  of  its  food-plant  everywhere,  and 
a  few  specimens  of  the  moth  occur  in  many  places. 


*  Since  the  above  was  written  Mr.  Bankes  has  met  with  T.  vinculella 
in  Purbeck,  and  I  have  taken  a  specimen  of  E.  bankesiella  at  Lulworth. 
I  have  reason  to  believe  that  the  latter  insect  occurs  along  the  rocky 
part  of  the  coast  towards  Swanage. 


PORTLAND    LEPIDOPTERA.  149 

Turning  to  the  Chesil  Beach  Agrotis  ripce  is  there  very  local, 
though  its  food  plants,  Chenopodium  and  other  coast  plants,  are  not 
so  limited  in  their  distribution. 

Perhaps  the  most  striking  instance  of  all  is  that  of  Stenia 
punctalis,  the  larva  of  which  feeds  under  stones  on  vegetable 
rubbish  composed  of  grass  stems  and  roots,  dead  leaves  of  plants, 
&c.,  all  of  which,  including  the  stones,  might  be  found  in  any 
part  of  Portland  or  the  Chesil  Beach.  I  have,  however,  as  far 
as  I  can  remember,  never  captured  a  single  specimen  of  the 
moth  on  the  west  side  of  the  Chesil  Beach  Railway,  though  on  the 
narrow  strip  on  the  east  side  it  is  to  bo  found  in  great  numbers. 
At  Portland  it  is  very  local,  but  as  on  the  beach,  where  it  occurs 
it  is  decidedly  common,  and  on  a  good  evening  for  moths  may 
sometimes  be  seen  literally  in  hundreds  ;  being  of  a  peculiar  shape, 
with  long  body  and  long  legs  it  is  easily  recognised  during  its 
slow  and  somewhat  heavy  flight. 

Another  group  of  moths  consists  of  those  which  are  necessarily 
very  local  on  account  of  the  restricted  range  of  their  food-plants. 

There  are  hardly  any  damp  spots  or  ponds  to  be  found,  and  from 
this  cause  alone  many  plants  are  exceedingly  local. 

Sallow  is  in  most  places  a  common  tree  and  supports,  according  to 
Mr.  St.  John's  Handbook  of  the  LarvaB  of  British  Macro-lepidoptera, 
no  less  than  74  species,  or  about  a  tenth  of  the  caterpillars  of  the 
larger  moths,  as  well  as  numerous  kinds  of  the  smaller  ones,  many 
of  these  having,  however,  also  other  food-plants.  Sallow  only 
occurs,  as  far  as  I  know,  at  two  damp  spots  in  Portland,  and 
Mentha  liirsuta  (hairy  water  mint),  and  rushes  are  almost  equally 
limited  ;  consequently  we  have  to  depend  on  these  little  patches 
for  the  following  17  species : — Dicranura  furcula,  Gonoptera 
libatrix,  Cabera  exantliemaria,  Lomaspilis  marginata,  Eupitliecia 
tenuiata,  Hijpsipetes  sordidata,  Cidaria  testata,  Peronea  hastiana, 
Badra  lanceolana,  Scoparia pallida,  Eupoecilia  nofulana,  Coleoplwra 
ccespititiella,  Glypliipteryx  thrasonella,  Arcfyresthia  pygmceella, 
Gracilaria  stigmatella,  Litliocolletis  viminiella,  Nepticula  salicis, 
and  possibly  others. 


150  PORTLAND    LEPIDOPTERA. 

There  are  a  few  species  to  which  I  wish  to  allude,  mostly  repre- 
sented in  my  list  by  only  one  or  two  specimens,  whose  food-plant 
does  not,  so  far  as  I  know,  occur  at  Portland  (though  it  may  do  so 
singly  in  gardens  or  other  cultivated  ground),  or  which  are  usually 
found  under  very  different  circumstances.  Firstly,  there  are  three 
moths  which  are  as  a  rule  only  found  on  heaths,  Selidosema 
ericetaria,  Agrotis  strigula,  and  Phycis  fusca,  the  latter  moth  having 
a  special  partiality  for  burnt  places  on  heaths,  in  which,  being  black 
it  is  well  concealed,  or  possibly  as  Mr.  C.  J.  Barrett  (in  Entomolo- 
gical Monthly  Magazine,  xxiii.,  108)  doubts  if  any  sufficient 
advantage  would  accrue  to  it  from  concealment  to  cause  such  a 
permanent  habit  through  natural  selection,  it  may  be  that  it  is 
merely  a  lover  of  heat,  and  finding  the  black  parts  of  the  heath 
warmer  than  the  rest,  it  stays  on  them  when  once  it  reaches  them. 
The  food-plant  is,  I  believe,  not  known,  that  of  Agrotis  strigula 
is  heath  only,  whilst  S.  ericetaria  eats  heath  or  bird's-foot  trefoil. 
There  are  also  several  oak  species,  and  oak  is  either  absent  or  very 
scarce.  Mr.  Dale  tells  me  he  knows  of  none  at  Portland.  Crypto- 
blabes  bistriga,  which  is  recorded  by  the  Rev.  0.  P.  Cambridge,  is 
an  oak  species,  and  so  is  Lithocolletis  messaniella,  which,  however, 
also  feeds  on  evergreen  oak. 

Dioryctria  splendidella  feeds  on  fir,  which  I  have  not  seen  at 
Portland,  and  Triphosa  dubitata  on  buckthorn  (Rhamnus  cathar- 
ticus)  which  I  feel  almost  sure  does  not  occur  there.  This  last 
species  is  however  of  regular  occurrence,  and  doubtless  feeds  on 
some  other  plant — perhaps  blackthorn. 

The  many  difficulties  in  the  way  of  collecting  at  Portland, 
including  the  proverbial  bad  entomological  weather  which  prevails 
there  and  the  rough  nature  of  the  ground,  perhaps  account  for  the 
fact  that  many  of  the  species  of  my  list  have  only  been  taken  by 
one  or  two  collectors.  This  fact  also  makes  me  hope  that  many 
additions  may  be  made  to  this  list  at  no  distant  date  and  that  new 
species  yet  lurk  concealed  there  which  will  still  further  increase 
the  fame  of  Portland  as  a  first-rate  entomological  collecting 
ground. 


PORTLAND    LEPIDOPTERA.  ol 

Iii  the  following  list  I  have  as  a  rule  given  the  authority  when 
only  one  or  two  specimens  of  a  species  have  been  recorded  or  when 
the  occurrence  of  the  species  has  been  noted  by  only  one  person, 
and  I  have  not  myself  met  with  it.  When  I  considered  it  desir- 
able, on  account  of  any  doubt  which  may  have  been  cast  on  the 
record  or  for  any  other  reason,  to  mention  the  authority,  I  have 
indicated  it  by  initials  in  brackets  as  follows  : — 

(E.  K.  B.)  for  Eustace  R.  Bankes. 

(0.  P.  C.)    „    0.  P.  Cambridge. 

(C.  R.  D.)    „    Charles  R.  Digby 

(C.  W.  D.)  „    C.  W.  Dale 

(C.  P.)          „    Charles  Partridge 

(J.  G.  R.)  ,,  J.  G.  Ross  (entered  on  the  authority  of  Mr.  C. 
W.  Dale). 

(N.  M.  R.)  „    N.  M.  Richardson. 

(J.  J.  W.)    ,,    J.  J.  Walker. 

My  friends,  Rev.  0.  P.  Cambridge,  Rev.  C.  R.  Digby,  Messrs. 
Bankes  and  Dale,  and  Colonel  Partridge,  I  have  already  referred 
to.  My  late  friend  Mr.  J.  G.  Ross,  who  died  some  years  ago,  at 
one  time  did  a  good  deal  of  collecting  among  the  Portland  Macro- 
iepidoptera,  and  the  names  of  several  species  which  have  been 
captured  by  him  alone  have  been  communicated  to  me  by 
Mr.  C.  W.  Dale.  Mr.  J.  J.  Walker,  R.JST.,  has  also  collected  at 
Portland,  and  for  most  of  his  records  in  the  following  pages  I 
have  to  thank  Mr.  E.  R.  Bankes. 

I  have  only  to  add  that  the  arrangement  and  names  in  South's 
"  Entomologist  "  List  of  British  Lepidoptera  (which  has  been 
used  in  the  Dorset  County  Museum  cabinets)  have  been  followed 
in  the  appended  list. 

The  abbreviations  of  authors'  names  used  are  the  same  as  in 
South's  List,  above  mentioned. 


LIST   OF   PORTLAND   LEPIDOPTERA. 


RHOPALOCERA. 

PIERID^E. 

PJERIS  URASSICLE,  L.     Common. 

„     RAr.E,  L.     Common.     In  hot  seasons  the  yellowish  variety 

predominates  (C.  W.  D.). 
,,     NAPI,  L.     Common. 
EUCIILOE  CARDAMINES,  L.    Not  very  common.    Sometimes  common 

on  the  north  side  (C.  W.  D.). 
GoxErTERYX  RiiAMNi,  L.     Scarce. 

COLIAS  EDUSA,  Fb.  Occurs  abundantly  in  "  JEdusa  years,"  such  as 
1877  and  1892,  but  generally  absent,  as  elsewhere. 
There  is  a  record  of  var.  Jielice,  Hb.,  seen  on  August 
6th,  1876,  by  Mr.  C.  W.  Dale,  and  he  has  also 
taken  it  on  August  24th,  1877,  on  the  Chesil  Beach. 
„  IIYALE,  L.  The  record  in  Lep.  Dorset,  2nd  Edn.,  p.  2,  refers 
to  a  specimen  taken  August,  1885,  by  (J.  J.  W.)  on 
the  Chesil  Beach.  It  is  now  in  Mr.  E.  R.  Bankes' 
cabinet. 

NYMPHALID^E. 
VANESSA  URTIOE,  L.     Common. 

„       roLYdiLOROs,  L.     One  by  (C.  W.  D.),  July  30th,  1875. 
„       10,  L.     Scarce. 
„       ATALANTA,  L.     Not  uncommon. 

„  CARDUI,  L.  Abundant  in  some  years  both  in  the  larva 
and  imago  states.  Larva  sometimes  on  Pellitory 
(Parietaria  offidnalie). 

SATYRID/E, 
MELANARGIA  GALATEA,  L.     Rare  (C.  W.  D.). 


PORTLAND   LEPIDOPTERA.  153 

PARARGE   EGERIA,  L.     Common   in  the  grounds  of  Pennsylvania 
Castle  (C.  W.  D.).      On  the  neighbouring  mainland 
this  butterfly  is  generally  to  be  found  wherever  there 
are  a  few  trees  together. 
„     MEG,ERA,  L.     Common. 

SATYRUS  SEMELE,  L.     Common. 

EPINEPHELE  JANIRA,  L.     Very  common. 

CCENONYMPHA  PAMPHiLUS,  L.     Very  common. 


POLYOMMATUS  PHL^AS,  L.     Moderately  common. 
LYC/ENA  ;EGON,   Scliiff.     Abundant.     Sometimes  swarms  amongst 
long  grass,  on  which  it  usually  passes  the  night. 

„      ASTRARCHE,  Bgstr.  (agestis,  Hb.).     Scarce. 

,,      ICARUS,  Rott.  (alexis,  Hb.}.     Common.    The  females  much 
marked  with  blue. 

,,      BELLARGUS,  Rott.  (adonis,  Fb,).     Moderately  common. 

„      CORYDON,  Fb.     Rather  scarce. 

,,       ARGIOLUS,  L.     Occasionally  amongst  ivy. 

„      MINIMA,  Fues.     (alsus,  Fb.)     Common,  but  local. 

HESPERIIM;. 

SYRICHTHUS  MALV^E,  L.  (alveolus,  Hb.).     Scarce  (C.  P.). 

NISONIADES  TAGES,  L.     Uncommon. 

HESPERIA  THAUMAS,  Hufn.  (linea,  Fb.).     One  or  two  near  the  Break- 

water. 
„       SYLVANUS,  Esp.     Uncommon. 

HETEROCERA. 

SPHINGES. 

SPHINGID^. 

ACIIERONTIA  ATROPOS,  L.  An  imago  beaten  out  of  ivy  in  the  after 
noon  by  Mr.  Henry  J.  Sykes  below  Pennsylvania, 
September  2nd,  1887. 


154:  PORTLAND    LEPIDOPTERA. 

SPHINX  CONVOLVULI,  L.  Common  in  the  garden  of  the  Governor  of 
the  Prison  in  1885  (J.  J.  \V.)  Also  taken  plenti- 
fully by  Mr.  J.  P.  Hyde  in  1895  at  Petunias  and 
Nicotiana  affinis  in  "  The  Grove"  (Entomologist 
XXVIIL,  312). 
,,  LIGUSTRI,  L.  One  larva  (C.  P.) 

CHCEROCAMPA  PORCELLUS,  L.     Not  uncommon  at  flowers  at  dusk. 
Larvae  on  Galium. 

MACROGLOSSA  STELLATARUM,  L.     Sometimes  rather  common. 


SESIAD.E. 

IA  ICHNEUMONIFORMIS,  Fb.  Not  uncommon  by  sweeping  flowers 
of  Lotus  corniculatus  (N.  M.  R.).  Also  by  ((J.  P.) 
and  (E.  R.  B.)  by  sweeping  flower-heads  of  tall 
grasses,  especially  towards  evening. 


ZYG.ENID.E. 

ZYG.KNA  TRIFOLII,  Esp.     One  specimen  (C.  P  ) 

,,  FILIPENDUL/E,  L.  Abundant.  I  know  of  no  record  of 
the  yellow  variety,  which  has  occurred  on  Ridge- 
way. 

BOMBYCES. 

NOLID.E. 

NOLA  CUCULLATELLA,  L.     Occasionally. 

LITHOSIID.^,   St. 
NUDARIA  MUNDANA,  L.     Common.     Larvte  in  little  companies  on 

lichen  under  stones. 
LITHOSIA  LURIDEOLA,  Zinck.     Moderately  common.     An  unusually 

small  form  occurs. 

EUCHELIID/E,   Gn. 

EUCHELIA  JACOB^EJi;,  L.     Larva  sometimes  abundant  on  ragwort. 


PORTLAND    tEPIDOPTERA.  155 

CHELONIID^E,  Gn. 

ARCTIA  CAJA,  L.     Not  very  common. 

,,  VILLICA,  L.  Common  (C.  W.  D.)  Not  observed  by  (C.  P.) 
or  (N.  M.  R.)  Not  uncommon  on  the  neighbouring 
mainland. 

SPILOSOMA  MENDICA,   Clerck.     Larva  on  bramble  and  elder. 
„        LUBRICIPEUA,  Jfjsp.     Common. 
„        MENTHASTRI,  Esp.     Common. 

HEPIALID^E,  Gn. 

HEPIALUS  SYLVANUS,  L.     Occasionally  rather  common. 
„         LUPULINUS,  L.     Common. 
„         HECTUS,  L.     Common  (C.  P.) 

LIPARID.E,  Gn. 

PORTHESIA  CHRYSORRmEAj  L.     Occasionally  at  light  (C.  P.) 
„         SIMILIS,  Fues.     Occasionally. 

BOMBYCULE. 
BOMBYX  XEUSTRIA,  L.     Not  common. 

„        RUBI,  L.     Larvae  common  on  bramble  (C.  P.) 
,,        QUERCUS,  L.    Common.    Female  comes  to  light.    Recorded 
Proc.  L,  54  as  L.  callunce,  but  this  northern  var.  is 
unlikely  to  occur  at  Portland. 
ODONESTIS  POTATORIA,  L.     Larva  not  common. 

DREPANULIDJi:,  Bdv. 

CILIX  GLAUCATA,  Scop.     Moderately  common. 


DICRANURID^:,  Bdv. 

DICRANURA  FURCULA,  L.     Two  at  light  (C.  P.) 
,,          VINULA,  L.     Scarce. 

PYG^RID^E,  Gn. 
PHALERA  BUCEPHALA,  L.     A  few  larvae  (C.  P.) 


156  PORTLAND    LEPIDOPTERA. 

CYMATOPHORID^E,   H.-S. 

TlIYATIRA  DERASA,  L.      One  (C.  P.) 

NOCTU^E. 

BRYOPHILID.E,  Gn. 

BKYOPHILA  MURALIS,  Forst.     Moderately  common.     On  flowers  of 

Clematis  and  at  rest  on  rocks  and  walls. 
„         PERLA,  Fb.     Commoner  than  the  last. 

BOMBYCOID.E,  Bdv. 
ACRONYCTA  PSI,  L.     Scarce. 

,,  RUMicis,  L.     Rather  scarce. 

LEUCANIID.E,  Gn. 

LEUCAXIA  COXIGERAJ  Fb.     Common. 

„         LITIIARGYRIA,  Esp.     Common. 

„         LITTORALIS,  Curt.     A  few  on  the  Chesil  Beach  by  Rev. 

0.  P.  Cambridge  many  years  ago. 
„         COMMA,  L.     Scarce. 
„         IMPURA,  Hb.     Common. 
„         PALLENS,  L.     Common. 

TAPIXOSTOLA  BOXDII,  Knagys.  One  found  by  Mrs.  N.  M.  Richard- 
son, resting  on  a  grass  stem  below  Pennsylvania, 
July  10th,  1888.  It  has  also  occurred  at  Lyme 
Regis. 

XOXAGRIA  LUTOSA,  Hb.  One  at  light  below  Pennsylvania,  October 
18th,  1887  (N.  M.  R.) 

APAMEID^E,  Gn. 

HYDROZCIA  XICTITAXS,  BorJc.     Scarce.     One  of  paludis  form  July 

22nd,  1892  (N.  M.  R.) 
„          MICACEA,  Esp.      Scarce.      One    September   1st,    1888 

(N.  M.  R.) 
AXYLIA  PUTRIS,  L.     Not  uncommon. 


PORTLAND    LEP1DOPTERA.  157 

XYLOPHASIA  RUREA,  Fb.     Scarce  (C.  P.) 
„  LITHOXYLBA,  Fb.     Common. 

„  SUBLUSTRIS,  Esp.     Not  very  common. 

,,  MONOGLYPHA,  Hufn.    One  of  the  most  abundant  moths 

at  sugar.  A  specimen  nearly  as  dark  as  the  darkest 
Scotch  forms  with  small  lighter  patches  on  the 
inner  margin  occurred  July  27th,  1888  (N.  M.  R.) 
Colonel  Partridge  also  took  a  similar  dark  variety. 

APOROPHYLA  AUSTRALIS,  Bdv.  Occurs  regularly  hut  never  in  any 
numbers.  The  specimens  are  large  and  often  hand- 
somely marked  with  a  very  white  ground.  (Ent. 
Mon.  Mag.  XXYIL,  119). 

LAPHYGMA  EXIGUA,  Hb.  Two  shaken  out  of  the  vegetation  on  the 
edge  of  a  gravel  pit  on  the  Chesil  Beach  by  Rev. 
0.  P.  Cambridge,  June,  1879. 

NEURIA  RETICULATA,  Vill.     Not  uncommon,  but  never  in  numbers. 

NEURONIA  POPULARIS,  Fb.     Scarce.     One  (C.  P.) 

HELIOPHOBUS  HISPIDUS,  Hb.  Common,  and  variable  in  depth  of 
colour.  This  beautiful  moth  used  to  be  considered 
rare  at  Portland,  being  only  searched  for  in  the  day 
time.  It  seems  to  occur  all  over  the  island.  Three 
varieties  are  figured  (Proc.  Vol.  XL,  p.  46). 

CHAR^AS  GRAMINIS,  L.     One  at  light  (C.  P.) 

CERIGO  MATURA,  Hufn.     Common. 

LUPERINA  TESTACEA,  Hb.  Common.  A  dark  form  sometimes  occurs 
and  a  very  delicately  marked  specimen  (var.  Gueneeil) 
was  taken  by  Colonel  Partridge  in  1889. 

,,  DUMERILI,  Dup.  Two  by  Mr.  Sealy.  The  following  was 
extracted  by  myself  when  Hon.  Sec.  of  the  Cam- 
bridge Entomological  Society  in  1878  from  its 
Manuscript  Book  of  Transactions  and  may,  I  think, 
be  looked  upon  as  an  authentic  account  of  the 
occurrence  of  this  species  (about  which  there  have 
been  so  many  different  tales  and  so  much  discussion) 
at  Portland,  though  that  locality  is  not  actually 


158  PORTLAND   LEPIDOPTERA. 

mentioned.  I  may  add  that  one  of  Professor  Sealy's 
specimens  of  Dumerili  is  now  in  the  collection  of 
Mr.  E.  R.  Bankes.  Report  of  meeting  held  October 
29th,  1858.  "Mr.  Sealy  exhibited  two  specimens 
of  Luperina  Dumerilii  taken  by  himself  in  the 
South  of  England  during  the  summer.  This  he 
notices  was  the  second  time  the  species  had  been 
captured  in  Great  Britain,  a  hitherto  unique  speci- 
men having  been  captured  by  Dr.  Robertson  many 
years  ago.  The  two  specimens  exhibited  had  been 
submitted  to  the  verdict  of  Messrs.  Bond  and  Double- 
day,  who  pronounced  them  to  be  L.  Dumerilii. 
Another  specimen  had  also  been  taken  by  Mr. 
Farren,  thus  confirming  a  doubtful  species."  It  was 
said  that  specimens  were  taken  by  the  lighthouse 
keeper  at  Portland  at  about  this  date  (1858)  for 
some  who  employed  him,  but  doubts  were  thrown 
on  their  origin.  In  Entom.  Weekly  Intelligencer  V. 
p.  51  (1858-9),  the  following  note  was  published: — 
"  During  the  past  summer  I  have  been  fortunate 
enough  to  verify  a  hitherto  rather  doubtful  British 
species  by  capturing  in  the  South  of  England  two 
specimens  of  Luperina  Dumerilii.  Another  was  also 
taken  by  Mr.  Farren  who  was  with  me. — A.  F.  Sealy, 
70,  Trumpington-street,  Cambridge  ;  November  6th." 
Mr.  Farren  states  on  the  same  page  that  he  took 
three  more  specimens  in  1859  in  the  same  locality. 

LUPERINA  CESPITIS,  Fb.  Rather  scarce.  A  variety  having  the  usual 
dark  ground  colour  intersected  by  a  broad  pale  band 
near  the  hind  margin  and  blotched  with  other  light 
patches  was  taken  in  September,  1894,  on  the  West 
Cliff  (N.  M.  R.) 

MAMESTRA  ABJECTA,  Hb.  Not  uncommon  on  Chesil  Beach.  One  at 
sugar  by  Mr.  H.  W.  Vivian,  August  1st,  1890,  near 
Pennsylvania. 


PORTLAND    LEPIDOPTERA.  159 

MAMESTRA  SORDIDA,  Bork.     Common. 

„        ALBICOLON,  Hb.     Common  on  Chesil  Beach. 
,,        BRASSIC/E,  L.     Common. 
APAMEA  BASILINEA,  Fb.     Abundant. 
„       GEMINA,  Hb.     Not  uncommon. 
„       DIDYMA,  Esp.     Abundant  and  variable. 

MIANA  STRIGILIS,    Clerclc.     Abundant  and   variable.     A  beautiful 
variety,  with  the  central  band  coppery  red,  is  not 
uncommon. 
„      FASCIUNCULA,  Haio.     Scarce.     One  on  Chesil  Beach,  June 

22nd,  1892.     Also  at  Portland. 
,,      LITEROSA,  Haw.     Common. 
„      BICOLORIA,  Vill.     Abundant. 

CARADRINID^E,   Gn. 

GRAMMESIA  TRIGRAMMICA,  Hufn.    Common.    The  var.  lilinea  is  not 

uncommon. 

CARADRINA  ALSINES,  Brahm.  Common  (C.  P.).  Only  two  specimens 
doubtfully   referred    to    this   species    (N.    M.    R.). 
Several  (E.  R.  B.) 
„         TARAXACI,  Hb.     Abundant. 
„          QUADRIPUNCTATA,  Fb.     Moderately  common. 

NOCTUID^E,   Gn. 

AGROTIS  VESTIGIALIS,  Hufn.     Not  uncommon  on  Chesil  Beach. 

,,  PUTA,  Hb.     Common. 

,,  SUFFUSA,  Hb.     Not  uncommon  at  ivy. 

„  SAUCIA,  Hb.     Not  uncommon  at  ivy. 

„  SEGETUM,  Schiff.     Common. 

„  LUNIGERA,  St.     Common.     Rarer  on  Chesil  Beach. 

,,  EXCLAMATIONIS,  L.     The  most  abundant  of  this  genus. 

„  CORTICEA,  Hb.     Common  and  beautifully  marked. 

„  CINEREA,  HI.     One  at  sugar,  1888  (C.  P.) 


160  PORTLAND    LEPIDOPTERA. 

AGROTIS  RIP.E,  HI.  Beautiful  and  rare  forms  of  tins  species 
occur  locally  on  Chesil  Beach,  amongst  which 
may  be  mentioned  almost  white  specimens,  others 
dusted  or  clouded  with  grey  and  brown,  others 
with  bright  ochreous  ground  colour,  the  forms 
from  most  localities  being  much  plainer  in  appear- 
ance. 

„  CURSORIA,  Boric.  Recorded  (C.  W.  D.,  Proc.,  Vol.  I,,  p.  55) 
as  taken  on  the  Chesil  Beach  by  Mr.  Bentley  and 
Professor  Henslow,  but,  from  the  very  unusual  range 
of  variation  in  A.  ripce  in  that  locality,  some 
specimens  of  which  approach  varieties  of  cursoria, 
it  is  possible  that  the  specimens  may  have  been 
wrongly  determined.  It  has  not  been  taken  there 
for  many  years,  and  there  is  no  other  record  of  its 
capture. 

„        MGRICANS,  L.     Common. 

,,  TRITICI,  L.  Abundant  on  Chesil  Beach.  Some  of  the 
varieties,  with  pale  costal  streaks,  are  very  hand- 
some. 

,,  STRIGULA,  Thnb.  One  near  Pennsylvania,  at  sugar,  July 
12th,  1895  (N.  M.  R.)  One  was  also  taken  at  the 
Upper  Lighthouse  by  (J.  J.  W.) 

PR.ECOX,  L.  Taken  in  1843  on  Chesil  Beach  by  Messrs. 
Curtis  and  J.  C.  Dale.  No  recent  records.  The 
following  extract  from  Haworth's  "  Lepidoptera 
Britannica,"  Part  II.,  p.  201,  is  of  interest  :— 
"Although  I  have  known  this  moth  to  be  taken 
even  in  London,  but  on  a  flower-pot  brought 
from  the  country,  the  Portland  Islands  seem  the 
only  places  where  it  abounds  with  us ;  and  there 
that  great  patroness  of  Natural  History,  the  late 
Duchess  of  Portland,  first  found  it.  Of  her  rearing 
I  have  possessed  many  specimens,  and  have  seen  a 
great  number  of  others," 


PORTLAND    LBPIDOPTERA.  161 

AGROTIS  SIMULANS,  Hufn.  Very  uncertain  in  its  occurrence. 
Occasionally  not  uncommon,  but  usually  scarce. 
This  is  one  of  the  few  southern  localities  where  it  is 
taken  more  or  less  regularly,  though  an  odd  specimen 
turns  up  in  many  places.  The  Scotch  forms  have  a 
smoky  appearance  only  noticed  in  one  Portland 
example.  Some  of  these  are  extremely  light  in 
tint. 

„       LUCERNEA,  L,     Common.     I  have  never  (with  one  or  two 
doubtful  exceptions  on  sugared  flowers)  taken  this 
species  at  sugar  at  Portland,  though  it  is  sometimes 
very  common  on  flowers.     The  other  species  of  the 
germs  are  more  indiscriminate  in  their  tastes. 
NOCTUA  PLECTA,  L.     Rather  scarce. 
,,        C-NIGRUM,  L.     Generally  scarce. 
,,       TRIANGULUM,  Hufn.     Rather  scarce. 
„       FESTIVA,  Hb.     Moderately  common. 

„  RUBI,  View.  Scarce.  I  have  only  a  record  of  one  capture, 
June  26th,  1889,  which  is  the  largest  specimen  in 
my  series. 

„  UMBROSA,  Hb.  Recorded  as  "  Rare  "  in  Lep.  Dorset,  p.  16, 
and  Edn.,  1891,  p.  17  (C.  W.  D.)  Taken  by 
(J.  G.  R.) 

„       BAJA,  Fb.     Scarce  (C.  P.) 
,,        XANTHOGRAPHA,  Ib.     Common,  but  not  in  such  swarms  as 

is  the  case  in  most  localities. 
TRIPH^NA  IANTHINA,  Esp.     Common. 

,,          FIMBRIA,  L.     Scarce  (N.  M.  R.) 
„         INTERJECTA,  Hb.     Not  uncommon. 
„         ORBONA,  Hufn.     Recorded  as  "Rare," Lep.  Dorset,  1891 
Edn.  p.   16.      Taken   by  (J.  G.    R.)  about    1874. 
(C.  W.  D.) 

„  COMES,  Hb.  Very  common.  Many  beautiful  varieties 
occur ;  amongst  others  brick-red  and  blackish  forms, 
and  one  dusted  all  over  with  whitish. 


1(52  PORTLAND    LEPIDOPTERA. 

TRIPH^NA  PRONUBA,  L.  Very  common,  and,  like  the  last  species, 
with  a  great  range  of  variation. 

AMPHIPYRID.E,    Gn. 

AMPHIPYRA  TRAGOPOGONIS,  L.     Not  uncommon. 

ORTHOSIHLE,  Gn. 

PACHNOBIA  RUBRICOSA,  Fb.     Plentiful  at  blackthorn  bloom  (C.  P.) 
T.ENIOCAMPA  GOTHICA,  L.     Scarce  (C.  P.) 

„  STABILIS,  View.     Very  scarce  (C.  P.) 

ORTHOSIA  MACILENTA,  Hb.     Occasionally  at  ivy  bloom. 
ANCHOCELIS  PISTACINA,  Fb.     Common. 

,,  LUNOSA,  Haw.     Common  and  variable. 

CERASTIS  VACCINII,  L.     Common    (C.  P.)     I   should  refer  all  my 

specimens  of  this  Genus  to  spadicea  (N.  M.  R.) 
,,          SPADICEA,  Hb.     Common  at  ivy  bloom. 
SCOPELOSOMA  SATELLITIA,  L.     Moderately  common. 
XAXTHIA  CIRCELLARIS,  Hufn.     Common. 

COSMIID.E,  Gn. 

CALYMNIA  TRAPEZINA,  L.     Moderately  common. 
„         AFFINIS,  L.     One  (C.  P.) 

HADENID^}. 

EREMOBIA  OCHROLEUCA,  Esp.  Occasionally  not  uncommon.  Larva 
swept  from  grass. 

DIAXTHCECIA  NANA,  Rott.  ( =  conspersa,  W.  Y.)  Three  specimens 
taken  by  the  lighthouse-keeper  (C.  W.  D.) 

POLIA  FLAVICINCTA,  Fb.  Not  uncommon.  A  rather  delicately- 
marked  form  occurs  here,  with  less  yellow  than  in 
other  localities. 

DASYPOLIA  TEMPLI,  Tlmb.  Scarce.  Several  at  the  upper  light- 
house and  one  at  rest  on  a  wall  in  Castleton  by 
(J.  J.  W.),  September,  1886.  One  near  Pennsyl- 
vania, September,  1893  (N.  M.  R.) 


PORTLAND   LEPIDOPTERA.  163 

EPUNDA  LICHENEA,  Hb.  Common.  Always  very  pale  in  colour, 
sometimes  extremely  so.  The  Portland  form  has 
a  much  whiter  ground  colour  than  the  forms 
found  at  Torquay  and  elsewhere.  There  is  much 
less  ochreous  and  rarely  any  brick-red  in  the 
mottling  of  the  fore-wings,  and  the  hind  wings 
are  much  paler  in  both  sexes,  being  nearly  white 
in  the  male.  Altogether  it  is  a  greyer,  colder-looking 
insect. 

MISELIA  OXYACANTH/E,  L.     Common. 

PHLOGOPHORA  METICULOSA,  L.    Abundant  as  elsewhere. 

APLECTA  NEBULOSA,  Hufn.     Very  scarce  (C.  P.) 

HADENA  ADUSTA,  Esp.     Some  good  varieties  (C.  P.) 
,,       DENTINA,  Esp.     Rather  scarce. 
,,        TRIFOLII,  Rott.     Rather  common. 

„  ALBIFUSA,  Walker,  Grote.  The  only  recorded  British 
specimen  of  this  North  American  moth  was  taken 
by  (C.  P.)  on  August  15th,  1888,  near  Portland 
Castle.  Albifusa,  originally  described  as  a  distinct 
species  by  Walker,  was  referred  by  Grote  to  trifolii, 
Rott.  If  this  is  correct  its  occurrence  at  Portland 
is  more  easily  explained  as  a  variety  of  a  moth 
which  is  common  there,  though  odd  specimens  of 
American  species  are  occasionally  taken  in  this 
country  (See  Entom.  Monthly  Mag.  XXV.,  pp.  180, 
228). 

„       OLERACEA,  L.     Common. 
„       THALASSINA,  Rott.     One  (C.  P.) 

XYLINID.E. 

XYLOCAMPA  AREOLA,  Esp.     One  (C.  P.) 
CALOCAMPA  VETUSTA,  Hb.     Scarce  (C.  P.) 

„          EXOLETA,  L.     Scarce  (C.  P.) 

CUCULLIA  VERBASCI,  L.  Larva  sometimes  common  on  Verbascwn 
thapsus. 


164  PORTLAND   LEPIDOPTERA. 

CUCULLIA  ABSINTHII,  L.     Larva  common  on  Artemisia  absinthium.* 
UMBRATICA,  L.     Two  specimens  (C.  P.) 


;,  Gn. 

GONOPTERA  LIBATRIX,  L.     Not  common  (C.  P.) 

PLUSIID^E,  Bdv. 

HABROSTOLA  TRIPARTITA,  Hufn.     One  (C.  P.) 
PLUS:  A  IOTA,  L.     One,  July  19th,  1887  (K  M.  R.) 

„      GAMMA,  L.      Often  in  great  numbers.       Larva   on    worm- 

wood and  many  other  plants. 

„  NT,  Hb.  One  at  night  in  the  grounds  of  Portland  Castle, 
Sept.  1888  (C.  P.)  Two  bred  Sept.  6th  and  10th, 
1894,  from  larvse  found  by  Mrs.  N.  M.  Richardson. 
The  re-occurrence  of  this  species  (of  which  the 
British  records  are  not  more  than  3  or  4  in  number) 
would  suggest  that  it  is  more  or  less  established  at 
Portland. 

HELIOTHID^,  Gn. 

HELIOTIIIS    PELTIGERA,    Scltiff.     One   seen   on   Chesil   Beach   by 

(J.  J.  W.)  1885.     Two  taken  in  1888  (C.  P.) 
„          ARMIGERA,  Hb.     One  taken  in  1885  (J.  J.  W.) 

ACONTIID^E,  Gn. 

ACONTIA  LUCTUOSA,  Esp.     Occasionally  in  fields  on  the  top  of  the 
cliff. 

HERMINIID.E,   Gn. 

RIVULA  SERICEALIS,  Scop.     Common. 

HYPENID.E,  H.-S. 

HYPENA  PROBOSCIDALIS,  L.     Common  amongst  nettles. 
HYPENODES  COST^TRIGALIS,  St.     Rather  common. 

*  Cucullia  chamomillce,  Schiff.     Mr.    Dale  informs   me  that  this  is 
recorded  by  mistake  in  his  list,  Proc.,  Vol.  I.,  p.  56. 


PORTLAND    LEP1DOPTERA.  165 

GEOMETRY,   L. 

UROPTERYGIM:,  Gn. 

UROPTERYX  SAMBUCARIA,  L.     Not  uncommon. 

RUMIA  LUTEOLATA,  L.     Common. 

VENILIA  MACULARIA,  L.     Locally  common. 

SELENIA  BILUNARIA,  Esp.     Not  uncommon. 

ODONTOPERA  BIDENTATA,  Clerck.     Very  sparingly  (C.  P.) 

CROCALLIS  ELINGUARIA,  L.  Scarce.  One  September  3rd,  1888 
(N.  M.  K.) 

ENNOMOS  EROSARIA,  JBork.  One  October  3rd,  1888,  near  Pennsyl- 
vania (E.  R.  B.) 

BOARMIID.E,    Gn. 

CLEORA  LICHEN  ARIA,  Hufn.     Rather  rare  (C.  W.  D.) 
BOARMIA  REPANDATA,  L.     Not  uncommon. 

„       GEMMARIA,  Brohm.     Not  uncommon. 

GNOPHOS  OBSCURARIA,  Hb.  Abundant.  A  light  form  (var.  pullata, 
Dup.,  of  Stainton's  Manual,  there  given  as  a  distinct 
species). 

GEOMETRID.E,   Gn. 
PSEUDOTERPNA  PRUINATA,   Hufn.     One    specimen  about  1876   by 

(C.  W.  D.) 

GEOMETRA  VERNARIA  Hb.     Amongst   Clematis  vitalba  (C.  W.  D.) 
HEMITHEA  STRIGATA,  Mull.     (C.  W.  D.) 

ACIDALIID.E,   Gn. 

ASTHENA  CANDIDATA,  Scliiff.     Very  sparingly  (C.  P.) 

ACIDALIA   DIMIDIATA,  Hufn.       Common. 

,,        BISETATA,  Hufn.     Common. 

„        RUSTICATA,  Fb.     Very  local,  but  sometimes  common. 

„        DILUTARIA,  Hb.     Common. 

NOTE.  —  Eupisteria    obliterate^     Hufn.,    is    recorded    doubtfully   by 
(C.  W.  D.)  in  Lep.  Dorset,  1st  Edii.,  and  omitted  from  the  2nd  Edn. 


166  PORTLAND    LEPIDOPTERA. 

ACIDALIA  VIRGULARIA,  Hb.     One  or  two  about  1874  by  (C.  W.  D.) 

,,  MARGINEPUNCTATA,  Goze.  Common.  The  usual  form  is 
strongly  dusted  with  grey,  but  a  var.  occurs  without 
the  grey  dusting.  There  is  a  late  (3rd  1)  brood  in 
September. 

„        SUBSERICEATA,  Haw.     Moderately  common. 

„        IMMUTATA,  L.     At  a  pond  under  the  prison  (C.  W.  D.) 

„        REMUTARIA,  Hb.     Not  uncommon. 

„        IMITARIA,  Hb.     Not  uncommon. 

,,        AVERSATA,  L.     Not  uncommon. 

„  DEGEXERARIA,  Hb.  Usually  not  uncommon.  This  is  the  only 
British  locality  for  this  species,  the  "  Portland  Wave." 
The  larva  can  be  reared  in  confinement  on  knotgrass, 
chickweed,  &c.,  from  eggs  deposited  by  the  female, 
but  I  am  not  aware  that  it  has  been  found  at  large. 

„  EMARGINATA,  L.  Kecorded  in  Proc.  I.,  56,  as  A.  margi- 
nata.  Taken  July  8th,  1875  (C.  W.  D.) 

TlMANDRA  AMATARIA,  L.       (C.  W.  D.) 

CABERID.E,  Gn. 
CABERA  PUSARIA,  L.     (C.  W.  D.) 

„          EXANTHEMATA,  Scop.       (C.  W.  D.) 

MACARIIDyE,  Gn. 
HALIA  YAUARIA,  L.     Scarce.     One  on  August  3rd,  1891  (N.  M.  K.) 

FIDONIIDyE,  Gn. 

PANAGRA  PETRARIA,  Hb.     One  specimen  (C.  W.  D.) 
SELIDOSEMA  ERICETARIA,  Vill.     (J.  G.  R.) 
ASPILATES  OCHREARIA,  Rossi.     Common. 

ZERENID^E,  Gn. 
ABRAXAS  CJHOSSULAIUATA,  L.       Common,    and    very    constant    in 

markings. 
LIGDIA  ADUSTATA,  Schiff.     Larva  common  on  spindle. 


PORTLAND   LEPIDOPTERA.  167 

HYBERNI1D.E,  Gn. 

HYBERNIA  RUPICAPRARIA,  Hb.     Very  sparingly  (C.  P.) 

LARENTIID^C,  Gn. 

CHEIMATOBIA  BRUMATA,  L.     One  on  a  lamp  at  the  railway  station 

(C.  W.  D.)     Probably  common,  but  unobserved. 
LARENTIA  DIDYMATA,  L.     Common. 

„        MULTISTRIGARIA,   Haw.      Not    uncommon.      Larva    on 

Asperula  cynancliica  (N.  M.  R.) 
„        OLIVATA,  Bork.     Common  and  pale  in  colour. 
„        VIRIDARIA,  Fb.  Under  the  prison  (C.  W.  D.)  and  (J.  G.  R.) 
EMMELESIA  UNIFASCIATA,  Haw.      Imago  rarely    taken,  but   larva 

common  on  seeds  of  Bartsia  odontites  (N.  M.  R.) 
EUPITHECIA  VENOSATA,  Fb.     Recorded  Lep.  Dors.,  p.  31,  and  Edn. 

1891,  p.  32,  as  "  Rare  "  (C.  W.  D.)      Probably  on 

Silene  maritima. 

„          OBLONGATA,  Tknb.     Occasionally. 
„          SUBFULVATA,  Haw.     Recorded  Lep.  Dors.,  1891,  p.  32, 

as  "Rare"  (C.  W.  D.) 

„          isoGRzVMMATA,  H.-S.    Common  among  Clematis  vitalba. 
,,          SATYRATA,  Hb.     Taken  by  (J.  G.  R.)     No  other  record. 

Mistakenly  recorded  as    "Common,"  Proc.   L,    57 

(C.  W.  D.) 

„          CASTIGATA,  Hb.     Common. 
„          PIMPINELLATA,  Hb.     Gommon. 
„          CONSTRICT  ATA,  Gn.     Generally  distributed  and  locally 

common. 

„          SUBNOTATA,  Hb.     Chesil  Beach.     Kot  uncommon. 
,,          VULGATA,  Haw.     Common. 
„          ALBIPUNCTATA,  Haw.    Not  uncommon.  Larva  on  Elder 

leaves.     This  appears  to  be  an  unrecorded  food  plant 

for  this  species. 
„          EXPALLIDATA,  Gn.     (J.  J.  W,),  1886,  also  by  (J.  G.  R.) 

There  are  many  stray  plants  of  golden-rod  on  the 

Undercliff. 


1GS  PORTLAND    LEPIDOPTERA. 

EUPITHECIA  ABSINTHIATA,  ClercJc.     Larva  common   on  wormwood. 

„          TENUIATA,    Hb.     Mistakenly  recorded  as  "  Common," 

Proc.  I.,  57.     Its  food  plant,  Sallow,  is  extremely 

local.     Taken  by  (C.  W.  D.) 

„          EXIGUATA,  Hb.  Two  below  the  Verne,  June  llth,  1888 

(N.  M.  R.) 

„          PUMILATA,  Hb.     Common. 
„          CORONATA,  Hb.     Not  uncommon. 
„          RECTANGULATA,  L.     Common  (C.  P.) 
LOBOPHORA  VIRETATA,  Hb.     One  (C.  P.) 
HYPSIPETES  SORDIDATA,  Fb.     Not  uncommon. 
MELANTHIA  OCELLATA,  L.     Common. 

MELANIPPE  PROCELLATA,  Fb.  Recorded  in  Proc.  I.,  57,  as  "  Com- 
mon amongst  Clematis "  (C.  W.  D.)  ;  no  recent 
records. 

,,          RIVATA,  Hb.     Scarce. 
„          SOCIATA,  Bork.     Not  uncommon. 
„          MONTANATA,  BorJc.     Rather  scarce. 
,,          GALIATA,  Hb.     Common  ;  the  specimens  of  the  second 

brood  are  smaller  than  those  of  the  first. 
,,  FLUCTUATA,  L.     Common. 

ANTICLEA  RUBIDATA,  Fb.     Not  uncommon. 

„        BADIATA,  Hb.     Rather  scarce  (C.  P.) 
COREMIA  DESIGNATA,  Hufn.     Scarce  (C.  P.) 
„       FERRUGATA,  Clerck.     Common. 

„          UNIDENTARIA,  IldW.       Scarce  (C.  P.) 

CAMPTOGRAMMA  BILINEATA,  Z.    Abundant ;  central  fascia  sometimes 

very  dark. 

„  FLUVIATA,  HI.     One  on  Chesil  Beach,  June  2nd, 

1878  (C.  W.  D.) ;  one  near  Pennsylvania  by  Mrs.  N. 
M.  Richardson,  October  llth,  1894. 

PHIBALAPTERYX  TERHATA,  Hb.     Common  amongst  Clematis  vitalla. 
„  VITALHATA,  Hb.     One  by  H.  J.  Sykes,  August  13th, 

1887. 
TRIPHOSA  DUBITATA,  L.     Sometimes  not  uncommon. 


PORTLAND   LEPIDOPTERA.  169 

ClDARIA  CORYLATA,  Thnb.       (C.  "W.  D.) 

„       TRUNCATA,  Hufn.     Rather  common,  but  not  very  variable. 

SUFFUMATA,  Hb.       (C.  W.  D.) 
SILACEATA,  Hb.      (C.  W.  D.) 

„       PRUNATA,  L.     Rather  scarce. 

„        TEST  ATA,  L.     Taken  by  (C.  W.  D.)  ;  mistakenly  recorded 

in  Lep.  Dors,  as  "  Common." 
„  FULVATA,  Forst.  Rather  common. 
„  DOTATA,  L,  (^pyraliata,  Fb.)  Not  uncommon. 

EUBOLIIM;,  Gn. 

EUBOLIA  CERVINATA,  ScUff.     One  October  18th,  1888  (C.  W.  D.) 

,,        LIMITATA,  Scop.     Common. 

„       PLUMBARIA,  Fb.     Taken  by  (C.  W.  D.) 

„        BIPUNCTARIA,  Scliiff.     Abundant. 
ANAITIS  PLAGIATA,  L.     One  (C.  P.) 

PYRALIDES. 

PYRALIDID^E. 

CLEDEOBIA  ANGUSTALIS,*  Schiff.     Common  ;  the  lethargic  female  is 

not  often  captured. 
PYRALIS  FARINALIS,  L.     In  stables. 
SCOP  ARIA  AMBIGUALIS,  Tr.     Not  uncommon. 

,,         CEMBR/E,  Haw.     Local ;  strongly  marked  forms  occur. 
„         DUBITALIS,  Hb.     Abundant.      Rather  light  and  usually 
very  constant.     One  var.  ingratella,  Zell.  (0.  P.  C.), 
one  (N.  M.  R.),  June  28th,   1892  ;  one  unnamed 
var.    (0.    P.    C.)      See   Fig.    10,   Plate    Proc.  X., 
p.  197. 
„         LINEOLEA,  Curt.     Scarce. 

*  NOTE. — Cledeobia  anguinalis  in  Proc.  L,  57,  is  a  misprint  for  this 
species,  and  does  not  refer  to  Ennychia  anguinalis.  The  records  of 
P.  anguinalis  in  Lep.  Dorset,  p.  34,  and  Edn.  1891,  p.  35,  are  also 
doubtful  and  require  confirmation. 


170  PORTLAND   LEPlDOPTERA. 

SCOPARIA  MERCURELLA,  L.  Abundant  and  very  variable  from  the 
ordinary  form  down  to  the  white-banded  var.  port- 
landica,  Dale  (formerly  known  as  phceoleuca,  Zell.) 
with  all  kinds  of  intermediate  varieties,  all  more  or 
less  light.  Mr.  Dale,  however,  records  (Proc.  I.,  58) 
a  few  specimens  of  the  dark  var.  concinnella,  Curt., 
as  taken  by  his  father.  (See  Proc.  XL,  pp.  55-58.) 
,,  CRAT^EGELLA,  Hb.  In  Pennsylvania  grounds  amongst 

elms  (C.  W.  D.) 

„         RESIXEA,  Haw.     In  Pennsylvania  grounds  amongst  elms 

(C.  W.  D.)  ;  these  two  species  are  mistakenly  given 

by  Mr.  Dale  in  Proc.  I.,  58,  as  "  Abundant "  and 

"  Common." 

„         TRUNCICOLELLA,  Sta.      One   on   undercliff,   August  3rd, 

1886  (E.  R.  B.) 
,,         ANGUSTEA,  St.     The  autamn  brood  common,  the  summer 

brood  scarce. 

,,         PALLIDA,  St.     Locally  common  amongst  rushes. 
NOMOPIIILA  NOCTUELLA,  Scliiff.     Abundant. 
PYRAUSTA  AURATA,  Scop.     Rather  common. 

,,          PURPURALIS,  L.     Not  common. 
HERBULA  CESPITALIS,  Scliiff.     Common. 
ENNYCHIA  CINGULATA,  L.     Rather  common. 

ENDOTRICHA  FLAMMEALIS,  Scliiff.  Locally  common  ;  the  record  of 
Asopia  panealis,  W.  V.,  in  Proc.  L,  58,  refers  to  this 
species. 

BOTYD^,  Gn. 

EURRHYPARA  URTicATA,  L.     Not  uncommon. 
SCOPULA  OLIVALIS,  Scliiff.     Not  uncommon. 
„        PRUNALIS,  Scliiff.     Not  uncommon. 
„        FERRUGALIS,  Hb.     Common  ;  one  of  the  few  species  that 

may  often  be  taken  freely  by  day  in  October. 
BOTYS  FLAVALIS,  Scliiff.    Taken  by  J.  C.  Dale  on  July  16th,  1839, 
also  by  (J.  G.  R.) ;  Lep.  Dors.  p.  35,  Edn.  1891,  p.  36. 


PORTLAND   LEPIDOPTERA.  171 

BOTYS  RURALIS,  Scop.     Abundant  amongst  nettles. 

„      ASINALIS,  Hb.     Common ;  larva  on  RuUa  peregrina ,  will 

eat  Galium  aparine  in  confinement. 

EBULEA  CROCEALIS,  Hb.     Common  amongst  Inula  dysenterica. 
,,       VERBASCALIS,  ScMff.     Taken  by  (C.  W.  D.),  and  recorded 

Lep.  Dorset,  p.  36,  Edn.  1891,  p.  35,  as  "  Rare." 
„       SAMBUCALIS,  Scliiff.     Scarce. 

SPILODES  STICTICALIS,  L.     Recorded  Lep.  Dorset,  Edn.  1891,  p.  36, 
as  "  very  rare  ;"  a  single  specimen  taken  by  (C.  W.  D.) 
„         VERTICALIS,  L.  (cinctalis,  Tr.)     Not  uncommon. 
PIONEA  FORFICALIS,  L.     Not  uncommon. 

STENIIADzE,  Gn. 

DIASEMIA  RAMBURIALIS,  Dup.  A  specimen  of  this  great  rarity  was 
taken  by  Rev.  C.  R.  Digby,  July  llth,  1889 
(Ent.  Monthly  Mag.  XXV.,  p.  381) 

STENIA  PUNCTALIS,  Sclriff.  Locally  abundant,  e.g.,  on  the  Chesil 
Beach  on  the  east  side  of  the  railway  ;  on  the  west 
side  it  is  almost  absent.  In  some  parts  of  Portland 
it  is  also  very  common. 

PTEROPHORI. 

CHRYSOCORIDID^:. 

CHRYSOCORIS  FESTALIELLA,  Hb.    Common. 

PTEROPHORID^E,  Zell. 
AGDISTIS  BENNETII,  Curt.    Common  in  all  stages  on  Statice  auri- 

culcefolia'j  rather  small  and  dark  compared  to  the 

salt  marsh  form. 
PLATYPTILIA  BERTRAMI,  Rossi.     By  J.  C.  Dale,  June  17th,  1829 

(C.  W.  D.) 

NOTE.— The  specimen  on  which  the  record  of  Ebidea,  stachydalis  in 
Lep.  Dorset,  p.  35,  Edn.  1891,  p.  36,  is  founded^  is,  in  my  opinion, 
sambiicalis  (N.  M.  R.) 


172  PORTLAND   LEPIDOPTERA. 

PLATYPTILIA  GONODACTYLA,  Schiff.     Common  amongst  coltsfoot. 
AMBLYPTILIA  ACANTHODACTYLA,  Hb.     Not  uncommon. 
OXYPTILUS  TEUCRII,  Greening.     Common. 
MIM/ESEOPTILUS  PH^ODACTYLUS,  Hb.     Common. 

„  BIPUNCTIDACTYLA,  Haw.      Not   uncommon.     Var. 

plagiodactyluS)  Sta.     Occasionally  (C.  P.) 
,,  PTERODACTYLUS,  L.     Moderately  common. 

(EDEMATOPHORUS  LITHODACTYLUS,   Tr.     Larva   not  uncommon   on 

Inula  dysenterica. 

PTEROPHORUS  MONODACTYLUS,  L.     Common. 
LEIOPTILUS  MICRODACTYLUS,  Hb.     Common   amongst  Eupatorium 

cannabinum. 
ACIPTILIA  BALIODACTYLA,  Zell.     Common  amongst  marjoram. 

„         TETRADACTYLA,  L.     Recorded  Lep.  Dorset  (C.  W.  D.) 
I  think  that  the  occurrence  of  this  species  requires 
confirmation. 
„         PENTADACTYLA,  L.     Common. 

ALUCITID.E. 
ALUCITA  HEXADACTYLA,  L.     Common. 

CRAMBI. 

CRAMBHLE,  Gn. 

PLATYTES  CERUSSELLUS,  Schiff.     Abundant. 
CRAMBUS  FALSELLUS,  Schiff.     Scarce  and  local. 

„        PRATELLUS,  L.     Common. 

„         PERLELLUS,  Scop.     Rather  scarce. 

„         TRISTELLUS,  Fb.     JSTot  uncommon. 

.,        IXQUINATELLUS,  Schiff.     Common. 

SALINELLUS,  Tatt.     Chesil  Beach,  local  ;   larva  in  roots 
of  Glyceria  maritima. 

„        GENICULEUS,  Haw.     Common. 

„         CULMELLUS,  L.     Common,  sometimes  richly  coloured. 

„         HORTUELLUS,  Hb*     Common. 


PORTLAND    LEPIDOPTERA.  173 

PHYCID^E,  Gn. 
ANERASTIA  LOTELLA,    Hb.      Common   amongst    marram-grass   on 

Chesil  Beach. 

EPISCHNIA  BANKESIELLA,  Rdsn.  Scarce  and  local.  This  species,  which 
I  first  found  and  described  as  new  to  science  in  1887 
(Ent.  Monthly  Mag.  XXV.,  63  ;  Proc.  X.,  192  and 
plate,  p.  197,  figs.  1,  la,  Ib  ;  also  XV.,  66)  has  not 
yet  been  recorded  from  any  other  part  of  the  world.* 
ILYTHYIA  SEMIRUBELLA,  Scop.  Not  uncommon  below  the  prison  ; 

very  local. 

HOJLEOSOMA  SINUELLA,  Fb.  Generally  distributed  and  locally  common. 
„  NIMBELLA,    Dup.       Larva     common    in    Matricaria 

inodora,  and  some  other  composite  flowerheads. 
„  NEBULELLA,  Hb.      Two  in    1888  and  1889  (C.   P.)  ; 

one  in  1894  (N.  M.  R.) 
„          BIN^EVELLA,  Hb.     Moderately  common. 
EPHESTIA  ELUTELLA,  Hb.     Occasionally  on  the  undercliff. 

„         SEMIRUFA,  St.     One  near  Pennsylvania,  June  29th,  1889 
(N.  M.  R.)     The  two  specimens  recorded  Proc.  I., 
59,  as  taken  by  (0.  P.  C.)  were  not  this  species. 
EUZOPHERA    CINEROSELLA,   Zell.      Larva    common    in    stems    of 

Artemisia  absynthium. 

CRYPTOBLABES  BISTRIGA,  Haw.     One  in  1856  (0.  P.  C.). 
GYMNANCYCLA  CANELLA,  Hb.     Larva  on  Salsola  kali,  Chesil  Beach. 
PHYCIS  FUSCA,  Haw.     One  June  18th,  1887  (N.  M.  R.) 

,,  DILUTELLA,  Hb.,  common.  A  great  range  of  variation  from 
typical  var.  adornatella  to  specimens  closely  ap- 
proaching the  I.  of  Man  var.  subornatella.-f  (Ent. 
Monthly  Mag.  XXVI.,  20,  139.) 

*  Since  the  above  was  written,  I  took  a  specimen  at  Luhvorth,  in  July, 
1896.  The  species  doubtless  occurs  along  the  coast  towards  Swanage 
(N.  M.  R.) 

t  NOTE. — A  very  worn  specimen  taken  by  (C.  W.  D.)  at  Portland  is 
recorded  (Proc.  I.,  59)  as  P.  ornatella,  Schiff.  It  is,  in  my  opinion, 
certainly  not  that  species,  and  may  belong  to  P.  pahimbella,  Fb.,  but 
its  identity  is  doubtful  owing  to  its  condition,  (N.  M.  R.) 


174  PORTLAND    LEPIDOPTERA. 

DIORYCTRIA  DECURIELLA,  Hb.     One  on  the  western  side  of  the  Bill 

June  28th,  1876  (C.  W.  D.) 
RIIOPOPHJEA  MARMOREA,  Haw.     Not  uncommon. 
ONOCERA    AHENELLA,    Zinck-,       Not    uncommon    near    the    rifle 

range. 
APHOMIA  SOCIELLA,  L.     Rather  common  locally. 

TORTRICES,  L. 

TORTRICID.E,    Gn. 
TORTRIX  PODANA,  Scop.     Common. 
„        XYLOSTEANA,  L.     Common. 
„        SORBIANA,    Hb.       Recorded    Lep.    Dorset    as    "  Rare  " 

(C.  W.  D.) 

„  ROSANA,  L.  Not  uncommon. 
„  IIEPARANA,  Scliiff.  Common. 
„  RIBEANA,  Hb.  Common.  T.  vibrana  (Proc.  I.,  59),  is  a 

misprint  for  T.  ribeana. 
,,       UNIFASCIANA,  Dup.     Common. 
,,       FORSTERANA,  Fb.     Not  uncommon. 
PERONEA  SCHALLERIANA,  L.     Rather  scarce. 
„         COMPARANA,  Hb.     Rather  scarce. 
,,         VARIEGANA,  Scliij) '.     Common. 

„         HASTIANA,  L.     Variable  ;  food  plant  (sallow)  very  local. 
,,         LOGIANA,  Scliiff.     Larva  abundant  on  Viburnum  lantana, 
but  much  ichneumoned  ;  imago  very  variable,  some- 
times with  white  ground. 
,,         ASPERSANA,*  Hb.     Common. 
TERAS  CONTAMINANA,  Hb.     Abundant. 
DICTYOPTERYX  HOLMiANA,  L.     Moderately  common. 
„  BERGMANNIANA,  L.     Common. 

„  FORSKALEANA,  L.     Plentiful  (C.  P.) 

ARGYROTOZA  CONWAYANA,  Fb.     Common. 

*  NOTE.— P.  ferrugana,  W.  V.,  recorded  Proc.  L,  59,  as  "Common," 
is  probably  a  mistake  for  this  species  which  it  much  resembles. 


PORTLAND    LEPIDOPTERA.  175 

PENTHINIM;,  Gn. 

PENTHINA  PRUNIANA,  Hb.     Abundant.  ,  , 

,,         VARIEGANA,  Hb.     Common. 

,,         GENTIANA,  Hb.     Larva  not  uncommon  in  stems  of  teasel. 
*    „         SELLANA,  Hb.     Not  uncommon. 

SPILONOTID^E,  Gn. 
HEDYA  OCELLANA,  Fb.    Common. 
SPILONOTA  INCARNATANA,   Hb.      Not  uncommon  amongst    Rosa 

spinosissima. 
„          TRIMACULANA,    Haw.      Common    (C.  P.)      Recorded 

Proc.  I.,   59  (C.  W.  D.) 
„  ROS.ECOLANA,  Dbl.     Not  uncommon. 

,,  ROBORANA.  2V.     Rather  common  amongst  Rosa  spin- 

osissima,  generally  of  the  form  with  pale  brownish 
markings  on  cieam-coloured  ground. 
PARDIA  TRIPUNCTANA,  Fb.     Common. 

SERICORID.E,  Gn. 

ASPIS  UDMANNIANA,  L.     Common. 

SERICORIS  LITTORALIS,  Curt.     Common  amongst  thrift.     As  a  rule 
the  ground  colour  is  darker  and  the  markings  less 
distinct  than  in  Purbeck  specimens, 
t    „         CESPITANA,  Hb.     Abundant  and  variable. 

*  P.fuligana,  Hb.,  recorded  as  "  Common  "  in  Proc.  L,  59,  may  refer 
to  this  species.  Mr.  C.  W.  Dale  tells  me  that  he  has  taken  specimens  at 
Portland,  which  he  referred  to  the  biifjle-feeding  fuligana  which  occurs 
in  woods  in  Dorset,  but  I  think  that  further  confirmation  is  necessary  of 
its  occurrence  at  Portland  (N.  M.  R. ) 

NOTE.—  S.  fuligana  is  recorded  by  mistake  in  Lep.  Dorset,  1891, 
p.  43. 

t  Sericoris  eupkorbiana,  FIT.,  has  not,  so  far  as  I  am  aware,  occurred 
at  Portland,  the  specimen  taken  there  by  Mr.  C.  W.  Dale,  and  referred 
by  him  to  tliat  species,  being,  in  my  opinion,  a  female  of  S.  cespitana, 
(N.  M.  R.) 


176  PORTLAND    LEPIDOPTERA. 

SERICORIS  RIVULANA,  Scop.  (S.  conchana,  HI).)     Recorded  as  "  com- 
mon "  Proc.  I.,  59  (C.  W.  D.)      Mr.  Dale  tells  me 
that  it  occurs  occasionally  towards  the  Bill,  but  I 
have  not  myself  met  with  it. 
„         URTICAXA,  HI.     Not  uncommon. 
EUCHROMIA  ruiiPURANA,  Haw.     Occasionally  common  towards  the 

Bill  (C.  R.  D.)     Chesil  Beach  (E.  R.  B.) 
ORTIIOTVENIA  ANTIQUANA,  Hb.     Recorded  as  "  Rare  "  Lep.  Dorset, 

1st  Edn.,  p.  41.  (C.  W.  D.) 
„  STRIANA,  Schiff.     Rather  scarce. 

CNEPHASIA  MUSCULANA,  Hb.     Common. 
SCIAPHILA*  NUBILANA,  Hb.     Recorded  as  "Rare"  Lep.  Dorset,  1st 

Edn.  (C.  W.  D.)     Under  the  prison  (C.  W.  D.) 
,,          ABRASANA,  Dup.     Recorded  in  Lep.   Dorset,  1st  Edn., 
p.  42,  as  taken  by  Mr.  W.  H.  Grigg  (but  it  is  not 
there  stated  who  identified  the  capture  as  this  very 
rare  and  obscure  form). 
,,          COXSPERSAXA,    Dougl.      Common    on    various   plants, 

including  Euphorbia  amygdaloides. 
„          SUBJECTANA,  Gn.     Common. 
„          VIRGAUREANA,  Tr.     Not  uncommon. 
„          CHRYSANTHEANA,  Dup.     Occasionally  on  the  undercliff 

(E.  R.  B.) 
SPHALEROPTERA  ICTERICANA,  Haw.     Abundant. 

GRAPHOLITHID^E,  Gn. 

BACTRA  LANCEOLANA,  Hb.     Locally  common  among  rushes. 
ANCHYLOPERA  COMPTANA,  Frol.     Common. 
GRAPHOLITHA  TRIMACULANA,  Don.     Not  uncommon. 

,,  N^VANA,  lib.     Rather  scarce. 

PJEDISCA  CONSEQUANA,  H.-S.     Larva  common  on  Euphorbia  port- 
landica. 


*  The  difficulties  of  this  genus  are  well  known,  and  specimens  often 
occur  which  it  is  almost  hopeless  to  name  with  certainty. 


PORTLAND    LEPIDOPTERA.  177 

P^EDISCA  CORTICANA,    HI.      Scarce.      One    on   July    llth,    1889 

(N.  M.  R.) 
EPHIPPIPHORA  CIRSIANA,  Zell.     Not  uncommon.     Larva  at  base  of 

stems  of  Inula  dysenterica. 
,,  PFLUGIANA,  Haw.     Not  uncommon. 

,,  BRUNNICHIANA,  Frol.     Common  among  coltsfoot. 

„  INOPIANA,  Haw.     Not  uncommon. 

„  NIGRICOSTANA,  Haw.      Larva   in   stems   of   Stachys 

sylvatica. 
„  TRIGEMINANA,  St.     Recorded  Proc.  I.,  60,  as  "  Not 

common."     (C.  W.  D.) 

SEMASIA  SPINIANA,  Fiscli.     Recorded  Proc.  I.,  60  (C.  W.  D.).      It 
is  not,  however,    "  Common "   as  there  stated.      I 
am  not  aware  of  any  recent  captures. 
„        RUFILLANA,    Will*.     Larva  common  in  heads  of  Dauc.us 

carota. 

„  W(EBERiANA,  Scliiff.  Not  common  (C.  P.) 
STIGMONOTA  OROBANA,  Tr.  The  moth  taken  by  Mr.  J.  C.  Dale, 
May  30th,  1842,  and  recorded  in  Proc.  I.,  60,  and 
Lep.  Dorset,  1st  Edn.,  p.  44,  as/S'.  interruptana,  H.-S., 
and  in  Lep.  Dorset,  2nd  Edn.,  p.  47,  as  S.  dorsana, 
Fb.,  is,  in  my  opinion,  undoubtedly  a  large  female 
specimen  of  S.  crolana.  Though  the  size  (7  lines) 
is  above  that  of  any  orobana  that  I  have  measured, 
and  also  1  line  greater  than  that  given  in  the  Ent. 
Monthly  Mag.  X.,  148,  yet  Meyrick  in  his  "Hand- 
book of  British  Lepidoptera  "  gives  the  size  as  1 2 
— 15mm.,  15mm.  being  rather  over  7  lines.  Mr. 
Bankes  tells  me  that  he  has  in  his  cabinet  two 
specimens,  "  which,  though  not  set  flat,  measure 
jg  inch."  (jg  in.  =  6|  lines.) 

,,  COMPOSITELLA,  Fb.     In  fields  on  the  top  of  Portland 

(E.  R.B.) 

NOTE. — Stigmonota  nitidana,  Fb.,  was  recorded  by  mistake  in  Proc.  I., 
GO,  and  Lep.  Dorset,  1st  Edn.,  p.  44,  but  omitted  in  2nd  Edn, 


178  PORTLAND    LEPIDOPTERA. 

STIGMONOTA  ROSETICOLANA,  Zell.     Larva  not  uncommon  in  hips  of 

roses. 
DICRORAMPHA     PETIVERELLA,    L,      Recorded     Proc.    I.,    60,    as 

"Common"  (C.  W.  D.) 
„  PLUMBANA,  Scop.     One  by  (E.  R.  B.)  June  28th, 

1886. 

„  ACUMiNATANA,  Zell.     Scarce. 

„  CONSORTANA,     St.       One     on    June     5th,     1889 

(N.  M.  R.) 

CATOPTRIA  ULICETANA,  Haw.  Recorded  as  "  Very  plentiful " 
(Entomologist  XXII.,  57  (C.  P.)  I  know  of 
no  one  else  who  has  mat  with  this  common  species 
at  Portland.  Colonel  Partridge  thinks  he  took  it 
in  the  grounds  of  Pennsylvania  Castle,  or  near  the 
Bill. 
„  CANA,  Haw.,  Not  uncommon. 

FULVANA,  St.     Not  uncommon. 
,,         SCOPOLIANA,  Haw.     Not  uncommon. 
„         C.ECIMACULANA,  III.      Local,  sometimes  not  uncommon. 
„         EXPALLIDANA,    Haw.       One    beyond    Pennsylvania    by 

(E.  R.  B.),  July  25th,   1890. 

,,         PUPILLANA,  Clerclc.     Not  uncommon  amongst  Artemisia 
absinthium. 

PYRALOIDID^:,  Gn. 

SIMJETHIS  OXYACANTHELLA,  L.  Abundant  on  nettle.  Also  on 
Farietaria  officinalis.  Specimens  bred  from  the 
latter  plant  were  desciibed  with  hesitation  by  Stain- 
ton  as  a  distinct  species,  S.  parietarice.  En  torn. 
Annual,  1855,  p.  64. 

NOTE. — Dicrorampha politana,  Gn.,  was  recorded  by  mistake  in  Proc. 
L,  63,  as  "  Common,"  but  omitted  in  Lep.  Dorset. 

NOTE.—  Dicrorampha  simpliciana,   Haw.,    was  recorded   by  mistake 
Lep.  Dorset,  1st.  Edn.  p,  45. 


PORTLAND    LEPIDOPTERA.  179 

CONCHYLIM;,  Gn. 

EUPCECILIA  MACULOSANA,  Haw.     One  1888  (C.  P.) 

,,          HYBRIDELLA,  Hb.     Common.     E.  sodaliana,  Haw,,  was 

recorded  Proc.  I.,  60,  in  mistake  for  this  species, 
„          ANGUSTANA,    Hb.      Recorded   Lep.    Dorset,    1st    Edn, 

p.  46  (C.  W.  D.) 

„          CURVISTRIGANA,    WilJc.      Three   on  July    28th,  1887, 
and   one  on  July  26th,    1892,  among  golden  rod 
(K  M.  R.) 
*      „          AFFINITANA,  Dougl.     Chesil  Beach  amongst  Aster  tripo* 

Hum. 

„  NOTULANA,  Zell.  Larva  in  stems  of  Mentha  hirsuta,  a 
very  local  plant  at  Portland.  It  is  stated  to  feed 
elsewhere  also  in  Inula  dysenterica,  but  I  cannot 
find  it  in  this  common  plant. 

,,  RUPICOLA,  Curt.  Common  amongst  Eupatorium  can- 
naUnum.  The  black  var.  incorrectly  mentioned  by 
me  in  Proc.  XL,  60,  as  having  been  taken  in  Port- 
land, by  Mr.  C.  W.  Dale,  was  taken  at  Glanvilles 
Wootton. 

,,          ROSEANA,  Haw,     Xot  uncommon  amongst  teasel. 
XANTHOSETIA  ZOEGANA,  L.     Rather  scarce. 

.,  HAMANA,  L.     Common. 

CHROSIS  ALCELLA,  ' ScUulz.     Abundant. 

ARGYROLEPIA  SUBBAUMANNIANA,   Wilk.     Three  by  (E.  R.   B.)  on 
July  10th  and  25th,  1890,  and  July  24th,   1891. 
One  by  (C.  R.  D.),  July  12th,  1889. 
„  ZEPHYRANA,  Ti\     Common. 

,,  BADIANA,  Hb.     Rather  scarce. 

CONCHYLIS  FRANCILLANA,  Fb.     Common  amongst  wild  carrot. 
,,          STRAMINEA,  Haw.     Not  uncommon. 

*  Specimens  of  this  species  were  recorded  by  mistake  as  E.  vectisana, 
Westw.,  in  Lep.  Dorset,  p.  46,  and  2nd  Edn.,  p.  49. 

NOTE.—  E.  subroseana,  Haw.,  is  recorded  by  mistake  in  Proc.  L,  60, 
but  omitted  in  Lep.  Dorset  (C.  W.  D.) 


180  PORTLAND    LEPIDOPTERA. 


PSYCHID.E,  Brd. 

TAL^EPORIA  PSEUD  OBOMBYCELLA,  HI.  Cases  not  uncommon  on  stones. 
*  FUMBA  ROBQRICOLELLA,  Brd.  (rion.  intermediella,  Brd.)    Common, 

Cases  abundant  on  stones. 

SOLENOBIA  sp.  Cases  of  a  SoUnolia  occur  commonly  on  lichen 
on  rocks.  In  the  triangular  backwater  by  Portland 
Station  these  larvae  attach  themselves  to  the  lichen- 
covered  pebbles  which  are  submerged  at  every  tide, 
and,  judging  by  their  numbers,  seem  to  thrive. 
There  is  very  little  wave  motion  in  this  enclosed 
space,  so  that  the  larvae  are  not  killed  by  the  rolling 
of  the  pebbles.  The  Portland  colony,  like  the 
Purbeck  colony  (E.  R.  B.),  appears  to  be  composed 
entirely  of  parthenogenetic  females,  no  males  having 
been  obtained  by  breeding  or  otherwise.  The  cases 
are  unlike  those  of  S.  triquetrella,  Fisch.,  and  perhaps 
belong  to  an  undescribed  species. 
PSYCHOIDES  VERHUELLELLA,  Heyd.  Common.  Larva  mining  in 

leaves  and  sori  of  Scolopendrium  vulgctre. 
OCHSENHEIMERIA  BiRDELLA,  Curt.     Sometimes  common  in  fields  on 

the  top  of  the  cliff. 
BLABOPHANES  IMELLA,    HI.       One   by    Mrs.    N.  M.   Eichardson, 

Sept.  6th,  1894. 

„  LOMBARDICA,  Hering  (  =  Heringi,  Sta.,  Rdsn.      See 

Ent.  Monthly  Mag.  XXIX.,  14).  Common.  This 
species,  which  is  allied  to  ferruginella,  Hb.,  seems  to 
replace  it  at  Portland,  as  I  have  not  seen  a  typical 
dark  ferruginella  from  this  locality.  It  is  possibly 
only  a  light  form  of  ferruginella,  but  Major  E. 
Hering  has  no  doubt  of  their  being  distinct. 

*  This  species  is  recorded  by  (C.  W.  D.)  Proc.  I.,  24,  under  the  name 
of  F.  radiella,  Curt.,  and  in  Entom.  XXII.,  58,  by  (C.  P.)  as  F.  inter- 
mediella,  neither  of  which  has  occurred  at  Portland. 


PORTLAND    LEPIDOPTERA.  181 

BLABOPHANES  RUSTICELLA,  Hb.      Common  in  houses  (C.  W.  D.) 

Not  uncommon  elsewhere  (N.  M.  R.) 
TINEA  TAPETZELLA,  L.     Common  in  houses. 

„  PELLIONELLA,  L.  Common  in  houses  (C.  W.  D.)  Occa- 
sionally on  the  Undercliff  (N.  M.  R.) 

„     FUSCIPUNCTELLA,  Haw.     In  stables  (N.  M.  R.) 

,,  ARGENTIMACULELLA,  Sta.  One  specimen  by  (E.  R.  B.), 
July  24th,  1891,  which  he  tells  me  is  certainly 
this  species  and  not  the  next,  which  it  nearly 
resembles. 

„  VINCULELLA,  H.-S.  Larva  in  a  flattish  case  on  lichen  on 
stones,  not  uncommon,  but  hard  to  find.  I  have  only 
once  taken  the  imago,  July  18th,  1888.  Described 
and  figured  as  a  new  British  species  in  Proc., 
Vol.  XVL,  81  (N.  M.  R.)  (See  also  Ent.  Monthly 
Mag.  XXXL,  61). 

,,  PALLESCENTELLA,  Sta.  Chcsil  Beach.  Rather  common 
under  the  Ferry  and  Railway  Bridges,  on  fish 
boxes,  &c. 

„      LAPELLA,  Hb.     Not  uncommon. 

,,  NIGRIPUNCTELLA,  Haw.  One  in  Victoria  Hotel  stables, 
August  2nd,  1887  (N.  M.  R.)  Also  by  (C.  W.  D.) 

,,  SUBTILELLA,  Fuclis.  Rather  scarce.  The  only  British 
locality.  Described  and  figured  as  a  new  British 
species,  Proc.  XII.,  161  (N.  M.  R.)  (See  also  Ent. 
Monthly  Mag.  XXVIL,  14). 

TINEOLA  BISELLIELLA,  Hml.     Common  in  houses  (C.  W.  D.) 
LAMPRONIA    QUADRIPUNCTELLA,    Fb.        Larva     common    in    rose 
shoots. 

MlCROPTERYX  CALTHELLA,  Sta.       Coill  111011. 

,,  SEPPELLA,  Fb.     Common. 


NEMATOIS  CUPRIACELLUS,  Hb.     One  on  Undercliff,  July  10th,  1890 
(E.  R.  B.) 


182  PORTLAND  LEPIDOPTERA. 

HYPONOMEUTID.E,    St. 

SWAMMERDAMIA  coMBiNELLA,  Hb.     Sparingly  (C.  P.) 
HYPONOMEUTA  PADELLUS,  L.     Common. 

„  CAGNAGELLUS,  Hb.     Common. 

PLUTELLIM1. 

PLUTELLA  CRUCIFERARUM,  Zell.     Abundant. 

„        ANNULATELLA,    Curt.      Larva    sometimes    common    on 
Cochlearia,  figured  in  Proc.  Vol.  XVI.,  81.      The 
Portland   form  of  the   imago  is  the  beautiful  one 
with  white  ground  colour.   The  latest  date  of  capture 
was  September  20th,  1887.     (N.  M.  R.) 
CEROSTOMA  VITTELLA,  L.     Not  uncommon  (C.  W.  D.) 
„          KADIATELLA,  Don.     Not  uncommon. 


Sta. 
DEPRESSARIA  COSTOSA,   Haw.       Scarce  ;    one   August   4th,   1892 

(N.  M.  R.) 
,,  FLAVELLA,  Hb.      Larva  not  uncommon.      Imago  by 

(E.  R.  B.),  July  llth,  1889,  Aug.  6th,  1890. 
,,  NANATELLA,  Sta.      Common.      The   Portland    form 

has  rather  light  hind-wings. 
.,  AREXELLA,  ScUiff.     Recorded  as  "  Common,"  Proc.  I., 

61  (C.W.  D.) 
„  SUBPROPINQUELLA,  Sta.    Common.    Var.  rhodochrella 

also  occurs. 

„  ALSTRCEMERIANA,  Clercli.     Common. 

„  YEATIANA,  Fb.     Not  uncommon  (C.  P.) 

„  APPLANA,  Fb.     Common. 

„  ROTUNDELLA,  Dougl.     Xot  uncommon. 

„  PULCHERRIMELLA,  Sta.     Recorded  Lep.  Dorset,  1893, 

as  "  Rare,"  Portland,  Chesil  Beach. 
,,  DTSCIPUNCTELLA.    H.-S.      Scarce.      One   May    10th, 

1889  (N.  M.  R.) 
„  HERACLEAXA,  De  Geer.     Not  uncommon. 


PORTLAND    LEPIDOPTERA.  183 

GELECHIA  DIFFINIS,  Haw.     Common.     Larva  in  Rumex. 

*      „         DISTINCTELLA,  Zell.    Chesil  Beach.  '  Sometimes  common. 

BRYOTROPHA  TERRELLA,  Hb.     Abundant. 

„  DESERTELLA,  Dougl.    Very  abundant  on  Chesil  Beach. 

„  SENECTELLA,  ZelL    Mr.  Dale  has  taken  four  specimens 

near  Portland  Bill,  which  appear  to  belong  to  this 
species  (C.  W.  D.).  Recorded  Lep.  Dorset,  1891, 
p.  57.  Confirmation  is  desirable,  the  specimens  not 
being  in  first-rate  condition. 

f        „  MUNDELLA,  Dougl.     Common  on  Chesil  Beach, 

f        „  UMBROSELLA,      Zell.        Very     common     on     Chesil 

Beach. 

,,  DOMESTICA,  Haw.     Not  uncommon. 

LITA    ACUMINATELLA,    Sircom.       Larva    common     in    leaves    of 

thistle. 
,,      COSTELLA,    Westw.     Larva   common  in   shoots  of  Solanum 

dulcamara. 

„      MACULEA,  Haw.     One  August  7th,  1890  (E.  R.  B.) 
,,      SEMIDECANDRELLA,  Sta.  and  Tlirelfall.     Chesil  Beach.     Not 

uncommon. 

,.      LEUCOMELANELLA,  Zell.     Larva  common  in  shoots  of  Silene 
maritima.     Imago  sometimes  entirely  black. 


*  The  record  of  "  G.  celerella,  Dougl.  Chesil  Beach  by  N.  Richardson  " 
in  Lep.  Dorset,  1891,  p.  57,  refers  to  distinctella. 

t  B.  portlandicella,  Rdsn.  Not  uncommon  on  Chesil  Beach.  I  have 
reason  to  believe  that  this  form,  which  I  described  as  distinct  (Proc.  XL, 
74,  and  Ent.  Monthly  Mag.  XXVI.,  29),  is  undoubtedly  a  variety  of 
umbrosclla.  It  appears  also  to  be  specifically  identical  with  mundellu, 
to  which  the  late  Mr.  Stainton  regarded  it  as  more  closely  allied  than  to 
umbrosella,  thus  constituting  with  them,  one  variable  species.  Mr. 
Meyrick  unites  it  with  mundella  in  his  Handbook. 

NOTE. — L.  artemisiella,  Tr.  Recorded  by  mistake  Entomologist 
XXII.,  58  ;  Lep.  Dorset,  1891,  p.  57  (C.  P.). 

NOTE.—  L.  fraternella,  Dougl.  Recorded  Proc.  I.,  61,  Chesil  Beach, 
May,  1875,  by  mistake  (C.  W.  D.) 


184  PORTLAND    LEPIDOPTERA. 

LITA  MARMOREA,  Haw.     Abundant  on  Chesil  Beach ;  varies  from 

almost  black  to  very  pale. 

„     OBSOLETELLA,  Fisch.     Chesil  Beach.     Moderately  common. 
,,     ATRIFLICELLA,  Fiscli.     Chesil  Beach.     Common. 
,,     SALICORNI^E,  Hering.     Chesil  Beach.     Larva  sometimes  com- 
mon on  Salicornia  (N.  M.  R.)      (See  accompany- 
ing plate.) 
„     INSTABILELLA,  Dougl.      Chesil  Beach.      Larva   common    on 

Atriplex  portulacoides.     (See  accompanying  plate.) 
„     SILEDELLA,  Rdsn.     Chesil  Beach.     Larva  abundant  on  Suceda 
fruticosa.     (Proc.  XV.,  64,  fig.  p.  59,  Ent.  Monthly 
Mag.  XXII.,  241.) 
,,     PLANTAGINELLA,  Sta.      Larva  common  in  roots  of  Plantago 

coronopus  (fig.  Proc.  XV.,  p.  59). 

,,     OCELLATELLA,  Boyd.      Larva   common  in  shoots  and  leaves 
of    Beta    maritima    (fig.    Proc.    XII.,    161,   XV., 
p.  59). 
TELEIA  NOTATELLA,  Hb.     Rather  scarce. 

,,      FUGITIVELLA,  Zell.    One  on  road  by  Pennsylvania.    August 

10th,  1892  (N.  M.  R.) 

ARGYRITIS  PICTELLA,  Zell.     Common  on  Chesil  Beach. 
NANNODIA  STIPELLA,  Hb.,  var.  N^EVIFERELLA,  Dup.      Chesil  Beach, 

Scarce  (N.  M.  R.). 

APODIA  BIFRACTELLA,  Mann.     Amongst  Inula  dysenterica. 
PTOCHEUUSA  SUBOCELLEA,  St.     Common  amongst  \vild  marjoram. 
ERGATIS  BRIZELLA,  Tr.     Chesil  Beach  (N.  M.  R.) 
MONOCHROA    TENEBRELLA,     Hb.       Larva    common    in    roots    of 

Rumex. 
ANACAMPSIS  T^ENIOLELLA,  Tr.     Not  uncommon. 

,,  ANTIIYLLTDELLA,  Hb.  Common  amongst  Anthyllis 
vulneraria.  Larva  of  second  brood  in  the  calyx 
tubes  feeding  on  the  pods,  instead  of  mining  the 
leaves  like  the  first  brood. 

BRACHYCROSSATA  CINERELLA,  ClercJc.     Rather  common. 
CERATOPHORA  RUFESCENS,  Haw.     Rather  scarce. 


PORTLAND   LEPIDOPTERA.  185 

*  PARASIA  CARLINELLA,  Dougl.     Larva  common  in  heads  of  Carlina 

vulgaris. 
ANARSIA  SPARTIELLA,  Schr.     One  on  Chesil  Beach,  July  28th,  1888 

(N.  M.  R.) 
HYPSILOPHUS  SCHMIDIELLUS,  Heyd.     Larva  common  in  leaves  of 

Origanum  vulgare. 
CEcopHORA  FUSCBSCBNS,  Haw.     Not  uncommon. 

,,          PSEUDOSPRETELLA,  Sta.      Common  in  houses  (C.W.D.) 

Occasionally  on  the  undercliff  (N.  M.  R.) 
(ECOGENIA  QUADRIPUNCTATA,  Haw.      Common  amongst  Parietaria 

officinalis,  &c.,  specimens  richly  coloured. 
ENDROSIS   FENESTRELLA,    Scop.      Common   in  houses  (C.  W.  D.) 

Rather  common  on  the  undercliff  (N.  M.  R.) 
BUTALIS  SENESCENS,  Sta.     Common. 

„       FUSCOCUPREA,  Haiv.      Common.      This  and  the   last  are 

connected   by    intermediate    forms,    and    may   not 

improbably  form  but  one  species. 

„       LAMINELLA,  H.-S.     Scarce.     A  few  specimens  (N.  M.  R.) 
f     „       SICCELLA,  Zell.    Common  but  very  local.    The  only  British 

locality.     (See  Proc.  IX.,  118,  and  X.,  fig.  p.  197.) 

GLYPHIPTERYGIM;,  sta. 

ACROLEPIA  GRANITELLA,  Tr.     Not  uncommon. 
GLYPHIPTERYX  THRASONELLA,  Scop.     Common  amongst  rushes. 
,,  FISCHERIELLA,  Zell.     Abundant. 

ARGYRESTHIID^E,  Sta. 
ARGYRESTHIA  NITIDELLA,  Fb.     Common. 
,,  ALBISTRIA,  Haw.     Common. 

*  P.  lapella,  L.,  was  recorded  Proc.  I.,  p.  61.,  in  mistake  for  this 
species. 

t  B.  variella,  Steph.,  recorded  Proc.  I.,  62,  and  Lep.  Dorset  1st  Edn., 
p.  55,  refers  to  this  species. 

NOTE. — B.  fuscoceneella,  Haw.,  recorded  Lep.  Dorset,  1891,  p.  61,  is 
a  mistake. 


186  PORTLAND    LEPIDOPTERA. 

ARGYRESTHIA  MENDICA,  Haw.     Not  uncommon. 

„  PYGM^EELLA,  HI).     Recorded  as  "  Common,"  Proc.  I., 

62  (C.  W.  D.),  but  its  food-plant,  sallow,  is  exceed- 
ingly local. 

GRACILARIID^E,  Sta. 

GRACILARIA  STJGMATELLA,  Fb.  Recorded  as  "  Common,"  Proc.  I., 
62  (C.  W.  D.),  but  its  food-plant,  sallow,  is  exceed- 
ingly local. 

,,          TRINGIPENNELLA,  Zell.     Not  uncommon. 
„          SYRINGELLA,  Fb.     Common. 

CORISCIUM  CUCULIPENNELLUM,  Hb.  Larva  common  in  cones  on  privet. 
ORNIX  ANGLICELLA,  Sta.     Common. 

,,     TORQUILELLA,  Sta.     Larva  not  uncommon  on  sloe. 

COLEOPHORIDJE,  Sta. 
COLEOPIIORA  FABRICIELLA,  VilL      A  few  specimens  amongst  clover 

near   Pennsylvania,    July    llth,    1890  (N.  M.  R.), 

also  by  (E.  R.  B.),  and  (C.R.D.) 
„          DEAURATELLA,  Lien.    Recorded  Lep.  Dorset  1891,  p.  64, 

as  Rare  (C.  W.  D.)     I  have  taken  it  on  the  shore 

of  the  Fleet  at  Chickerell. 
„          FRISCHELLA,    L.    (  =  meUlotella,    Scott).       The    food 

plant,    melilot,   extends   along  the   railway  on  the 

Chesil  Beach,  and  I  have  taken  a  few  specimens  on 

it.     Recorded  Proc.  I.,  62,  as  "  very  rare."      A  few 

specimens  by  Mr.  J.  C.  Dale  on  July   llth,  1831. 

It  was  at  that  time  supposed  to  be  a  different  species 

from  melilotella. 

NoiE.—Gracilaria  alchimiella.  Scop.l  The  records  of  these  two  species 
...      .      _        \    in  Proc.  I.,  62  (C.  W.  D.)  are 
semifascia,  Haw.J     erroneous. 

NOTE.—  Colcophora  alcyonipennella,  Kol.,  is  recorded  Lep.  Dorset, 
1891,  as  Rare  (C.  W.  D.)  Mr.  E.  R.  Bankes  has  taken  this  species  on 
the  mainland  near  Sandsfoot  Castle,  but  Mr.  Dale  thinks  that  its 
occurrence  at  Portland  requires  confirmation. 


PORTLAND  LEPIDOPTERA.  187 

COLEOPHORA  BINOTAPENNELLA,  Fisch.  Chesil  Beach.  The  larva, 
which  is  common,  mining  in  SaUcornia,  does  not 
construct  a  case  until  nearly  full-fed.  When  full- 
fed,  it  crawls  in  its  case  down  to  the  surface  of 
the  mud.  in  which  it  spins  its  cocoon  at  a  little 
depth,  leaving  its  empty  case  sticking  up  at  the 
surface. 

„          LIXELLA,  Zell.     Common. 

„          ANATIPENNELLA,  HI.     Rather  scarce. 

,,          DISCORDELLA,  Zell.     Common. 

„          TROGLODYTELLA,  Dup.     Common  on  Inula  dysenterica. 

„          MURINIPENNELLA,  Fisch.     Rather  scarce. 

„          C^ESPITITIELLA,  Zell.     Very  local.     Amongst  rushes. 

,,  FLAVAGINELLA,  Zell.  Common  on  Suceda  inaritima. 
The  larvse  fasten  their  cases  to  the  stems  of  this, 
and  occasionally  of  Suceda  fruticosa,  &c.,  for  hiber- 
nation. 

„          LARIPENNELLA,  Zett.     Common  on  Chesil  Beach. 

„  SALINELLA,  Sta.  Chesil  Beach.  Larva  common  on 
A  triplex  portulacoides. 

,,          ARGENTULA,  Zell.     Moderately  common  (C.  P.) 

„  TRIPOLIELLA,  Hodgn.  Common  in  flowers  of  Aster 
tripolium.  Chesil  Beach. 

,,  YIRGAURE^E,  Sta.  Common  in  flovvers  of  golden  rod 
(Solidago  mrgaured),  which  is  not  an  abundant 
plant  at  Portland,  though  generally  distributed  on 
the  Undercliff. 

„  ALBITARSELLA,  Zell.  Larva  common  on  Origanum 
vulgare. 

,,  GRYPHIPENNELLA,  Bouclie.  Larva  not  uncommon  on 
rose,  especially  Rosa  spinosissima. 


NOTE.— C.  therinella,  Tgstr.  I  once  beat  a  case  (apparently  from 
wormwood  !)  which  seemed  to  belong  to  this  species,  but  further  confir- 
mation is  necessary  before  it  can  be  admitted  into  the  list. 


188  PORTLAND    LEPIDOPTERA. 

ELACHISTID^E,   Sta. 
BEDELLIA  SOMNULENTELLA,  Zell.     Larva  on  Convolvulus  arvensis, 

autumn,  1895  (N.  M.  R.) 

CHAULIODUS  DAUCELLUS,  Pey.   Larvae  sometimes  very  abundant  on 
Daucus  carota  (e.g.  in  1894  and  -5) ;  sometimes  very 
scarce  ;  occasionally  also  on  Pimpinella  saxifraga. 
CH2EROPHYLLELLUS,    Goze.       Recorded   Lep.    Dorset, 
p.  60  (Edn.  1891,  p.  67),  as  "Rare"  (C.  W.  D.) 
LAVERNA  MISCELLA,  Scliiff.     Common  on  Helianthemum  vulgare. 

EPILOBIELLA,    Schr.      Recorded   Proc.   I.,   62,    as   "  Not 

common"  (C.  W.  D.) 

AXTISPILA  PFEIFFERELLA,  Hb.  Larva  abundant  on  dogwood  (Cor- 
nus  sanguined),  fixing  its  case  for  pupation  to  the 
under-side  of  stones. 

„         TREiTSCHKiELLA,jFYsc7i.  Recorded  Lep.  Dorset,  1891,  p.  68, 

"byJ.C.Dale."  Also  one  specimen  taken  July  8th,  1888 

(N.  M.  R.)    Apparently  much  scarcer  than  pfeifferella. 

*  ELACHISTA  GLEICHENELLA,  Fb.     Recorded  Lep.  Dorset,  p.  60,  "  by 

J.  C.  Dale  on  July  16th,  1839,  amongst  Carices" 
„  ATRICOMELLA,     Sta.      Scarce.      Near     Pennsylvania, 

August  2nd,  1888,  and  July  3rd,  1889  (N.  M.  R.) 
„  CINEREOPUNCTELLA,    Haw.      Recorded    Lep.    Dorset, 

p.  59,  as  "Rare"(C.  W.  D.) 
„  STABILELLA,  Sta.     Not  uncommon. 

„  NIGRELLA,  Hb.     Common. 

„  BEDELLELLA,  Sircoin.      Recorded  Lep.  Dorset,  1891, 

p.  69,  as  "  Rare  "  (C.  W.  D.) 
„  OBSCURELLA,  Sta.     Scarce  (N.  M.  R.) 

In  this  obscure  and  little  known  genus  it  is  difficult  to  ensure 
accuracy— it  is  indeed  probable  that  the  British  species  are  not  yet  all 
defined.  Mr.  C.  W.  Dale  records,  besides  those  in  the  above  list, 
serricornis  (Proc.  I.,  62),  triatomea  and  collitella  (Lep.  Dorset,  p.  59), 
the  latter  being,  he  informs  me,  a  mistake  for  pollinariella.  I  think  that 
confirmation  of  the  occurrence  of  the  two  former  is  desirable  before 
including  them  in  the  list 


PORTLAND   LEPIDOPTERA.  189 

ELACHISTA  ZONARIELLA,  Tgstr.     Not  uncommon  (N.  M.  R.). 

„  BIATOMELLA,  Sta.  Recorded  Proc.  I.,  62,  as  "  Rare.  The 
last  specimen  taken  by  (C.  W.  D.),  Sept.  llth,  1875." 
It  is  a  little  uncertain  whether  the  species  which  occurs 
at  Portland  is  Uatomella  or  triatomella,  as  the  specimens 
are  not  labelled.  Possibly  both  may  be  there.  Biatomella 
occurs  in  similar  spots  in  Purbeck,  but  not  triatomella. 

.,          POLLINARIELLA,  Zell.     Common. 

,,          ARGENTELLA,  Clerck.     Abundant. 
TISCHERIA  MARGINEA,  Haw.     Common. 

LITHOCOLLETID^E,  St. 

LITHOCOLLETIS  LANTANELLA,  Sclir.  Larva  not  uncommon  in  Vibur- 
num lantana. 

„  POMIFOLIELLA,  Zell.     Common  in  hawthorn. 

,,  SPINICOLELLA,  Kol.     Common  in  sloe. 

,,  MESSANIELLA,  Zell.  One  on  the  undercliff  on  October 

18th,  1S87  (N.  M.  R.) 

„  VIMINIELLA,  Sircom.  Mines  occur  on  sallow,  which 

may  possibly  be  those  of  salicicolella,  but  as 
ciminiella  seems  to  be  the  only  species  in  the 
sallows  about  Weymouth,  as  well  as  in  Purbeck, 
it  is  more  probable  that  it  is  the  species  at 
Portland.  Confirmation  by  breeding  is  necessary. 

„  TRIFASCIELLA,  Haw.  Larva  not  uncommon  in 

honeysuckle. 

LYONETIID^E,  Sta. 

CEMIOSTOMA  LABURNELLA,  Heyd>  One  near  Pennsylvania,  August 
8th,  1887.  It  is  almost  impossible  to  distinguish 
between  the  imagines  of  this  species  and  spartifoliella, 
but  the  probabilities  seem  in  favour  of  this  specimen 
being  laburnella. 

OPOSTEGA  SALACIELLA,  Tr.  Recorded  Lep.  Dorset,  p.  57  (Edn. 
1891,  p.  71),  as  "Rare"  (C,  W.  D.) 


190  PORTLAND    LEPIDOPTERA. 

BUCCULATRIX     MARITIMA,    Sta.      Common    on    Aster    tripolium. 
.  Chesil  Beach. 

NEPTICULID.E,   Sta. 

JSiEPTicuLA  ANOMALELLA,  Guze.  Recorded  by  mistake  in  Lep. 
Dorset,  1st.  Edn.,  p.  56,  but  omitted  in  2nd  Edn. 
One  bred  August  20th,  1891,  by  (E.  R.  B.).  The 
larva,  mine  and  cocoon,  cannot  be  separated  from 
those  of  centifoUella,  though  the  imago  is  quite 
different,  and  with  this  one  exception  nothing  but 
centifoUella  has  been  bred  from  larvae  collected  at 
Portland.  Mr.  Bankes,  however,  feels  certain  that 
no  accidental  mistake  has  occurred  in  the  case  of  his 
specimen,  which  was  bred  with  numerous  centifoUella 
from  wild  rose,  doubtless  wild  sweetbriar  (Rosa 
ruliginosa),  but  possibly  another  kind  growing  near 
it.  Probably  anomalella  occurs,  as  elsewhere,  on 
cultivated  roses. 

,,        PYGM.EELLA,  Haio.     Larva  common  on  hawthorn. 

„        CRYPTELLA,    Sta.      Larva   on   Lotus  corniculatus.     The 
imago  can  be  taken  by  sweeping  the  plant. 

,,        SALICIS,  Sta.      Larva  on  sallow.      Rather  scarce.      Food 
plant  very  local. 

„        POTERII,  Sta.      Larva  common  but   local  on   Poterium 
sanguisorba. 

„        IGNOBILELLA,  Sta.     Larva  on  hawthorn. 

„        ACETOS^E,  Sta.     Larva  common  on  Rumex  acetosella. 

,,        PLAGICOLELLA,    Sta.       Larva    moderately    common    on 
sloe. 

„        PRUNETORUM,  Sta.     Larva  abundant  on  sloe,  but  some- 
what local. 

„        ANGULIFASCIELLA,  Sta.      Larva  on  Rosa  spinossima,  &c. 
Moderately  common. 

,,        CENTIFOUELLA,    Zell.      Larva   rather  common  on  Rosa 
ruUginosa,         (See  under  N,  anomalella.) 


PORTLAND    LEPIDOPTERA. 


191 


NEPTICULA  FRAGARIELLA,  Heyd.     Larva  moderately   common  on 

bramble. 

„  SPLENDIDISSIMELLA,  H.-S.  One  bred  March  13th,  1896, 
from  larva  in  bramble  collected  September,  1895 
(N.  M.  R,) 


The  following  table  shews  the  number  of  species  in  the  above 
list :— 


Rhopalocera 

30 

Pyralides 

33 

Sphinges 

8 

Pterophori 

16 

Bombyces 

23 

Crambi 

28 

Noctuse 

119 

Tortrices 

91 

Geometrse 

94 

Tinese 

157 

Total 


599 


Jflint  Implements 
Jfounb  at  fJorteBham  liming  1894  mib  1895. 

By   Mr.    E.    CUNNINGTON. 


3T£HE  Ordnance  Map  before   us  will   easily  show  where 
these  flints  were  found  : — On  the  steep  side  of  the 
narrow   valley,  down  which  runs   the  road  from 
Winterbourne.     It  appears  to  have  been  originally 
a  natural   depression,  or   pot-hole,    in   the    chalk, 
taken  advantage  of  by  the  stone  implement  maker 
as  a  nice  cosy  sheltered  spot  for  his  operations. 
Many  centuries  went  by,  and  the  depression  was 
filled  up  by  accumulations  caused  by  rain  and  falling  materials  from 
above. 

Of  late  years  this  particular  swallow-hole  was  undermined  by 
quarrying  work,  and  the  flints  gradually  fell  out  to  the  lower  level. 
These  depressions  are  very  common  in  the  chalk,  and  may  be 
seen  often  by  the  side  of  railway  cuttings  and  chalk  quarries ;  they 
arc  original  irregularities  caused  by  the  upheaval  of  the  chalk,  and 
are  usually  filled  by  a  dark  brown  clay,  the  result  of  rain  washing 
the  chalk  down  from  higher  ground,  and  this  charged  with  excess 
of  carbonic  acid  derived  from  decaying  vegetable  matter. 

There  is  a  large  one  on  Poundbury  Farm,  where  I  have  dug  out 
the  specimens  before  you,  of  Roman  and  earlier  remains.  Some- 
times chalk  fossils  drop  into  these  swallow-holes,  and  get  coloured 


FLINT    IMPLEMENTS    FOUND    AT    PORTESHAM.  193 

by  the  same  process.  I  have,  by  the  use  of  sulphuric  acid,  turned 
them  from  brown  to  pristine  white  again. 

These  implements  have  been  before  Sir  Joseph  Prestwich  and 
other  professors,  who  agree  that  they  are  of  Neolithic  origin,  and 
most  of  them  in  the  early  stage  of  making  ;  many  of  the  chips 
broken  off  in  making  are  found  with  them.  One  is  a  fine  celt,  fit 
for  use  and  well  made. 

As  I  wish  them  to  be  permanently  where  the  public  can  inspect 
this  fine  lot  of  interesting  implements,  I  leave  them  in  the  posses- 
sion of  the  County  Museum. 


dcologu  of  the  Jtortcshmn  District. 


By   Rev.    OSMOND    FISHER,    F.G.S. 


3TUIESE  worked  flints  were  found  by  Mr.  Edward 
Cunnington,  of  Weymouth,  in  a  large  pot-hole,  or 
"  pipe,"  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  village  of 
Portesham,  in  Dorset.  After  I  had  been  shown 
them  I  visited  the  place  where  they  had  been 
found,  and  I  will  endeavour  to  describe  it. 

A  long  range  of  chalk  hills,  known  as  Ridgway, 
forms  the  northern  boundary  of  the  Weymouth 
Oolitic  Rocks,  which  are  brought  up  against  the  chalk  by  a  great 
fault.  The  chalk  along  this  range  is  very  much  disturbed,  and 
often  vertical,  and  in  places  some  patches  of  lower  tertiaries  are 
involved  in  the  disturbance,  and  owe  their  preservation  from 
denudation  to  this  fact.  These  tertiaries  consist  chiefly  of  flints 
and  sandy  clay.  The  flints  are  many  of  them  large  and  only 
slightly  worn.  They  are  much  bleached  throughout  and  contain 
often  casts  of  shells.  I  am  not  acquainted  with  any  place  where 
similar  flints  occur  in  situ  in  the  chalk,  but  they  are  found  in  great 
upland  gravel  deposits  in  many  parts  of  the  south-west,  notably  on 
Haldon  Hill,  near  Exeter. 

The  highest  point  of  Ridgway  is  Blackdovrn,  and  it  is  capped 
by    a   patch  of   these    tertiaries.       Upon    it   stands    the    Hardy 


GEOLOGY   OF    THE    PORTESHAM    DISTIIICT.  195 

Monument.  On  the  western  side  of  this  eminence  great  masses  of 
flints,  cemented  together  by  a  silicious  matrix,  are  scattered  here 
and  there  upon  the  plateau.  With  some  of  them  the  Dolmen, 
called  the  Hellstone,  has  been  constructed,  around  which  many 
boulder-like  masses  lie.  There  is  a  great  trail  of  them  in  a  comb 
to  the  north  called  Bride  Bottom,  recalling  to  mind  the  Marl- 
borough  wethers  ;  and  there  are  numbers  of  them  in  the  valley  to 
the  south  in  the  street  of  the  village  of  Portesham.  These 
boulder-like  masses — many  of  them  weigh  many  tons — are 
clearly  the  remains  of  a  former  extension  of  the  tertiaries,  which 
the  denuding  agency,  whatever  that  was,  found  too  massive  to 
remove. 

It  must  have  been  before  the  removal  of  the  tertiary  gravel  that 
the  pot-hole  was  formed  where  the  worked  flints  were  found.  The 
present  exposure  is  on  the  steep  side  of  the  narrow  valley,  down 
which  runs  the  road  from  Winterbourne,  and  is  close  to  the  532- 
foot  bench  mark  on  the  six-inch  map.  The  pot-hole  is  exposed  in 
a  section  about  40  feet  high,  in  the  steep  side  of  the  down,  which 
consists  of  lower  chalk,  devoid  of  flints.  Consequently  the  flints 
which  fill  the  pot-hole  cannot  have  been  derived  by  solution 
of  the  chalk  in  situ.  Moreover,  their  peculiar  character  proves 
that  they  once  formed  a  portion  of  the  tertiary  gravel  of  the 
district. 

Seeing  that  a  pot-hole,  or  pipe,  is  due  to  the  percolation  of 
water,  it  cannot  have  been  formed  on  a  steep  slope.  We  are 
carried  back,  therefore,  to  a  far  distant  time,  before  this  valley 
was  eroded,  and  when  the  chalk  had  a  level  surface  covered  by 
a  spread  of  tertiary  gravel. 

Such  pot-holes  are  natural  museums  in  which  relics  of  the  old 
covering  are  preserved.  In  the  neighbourhood  of  Dorchester,  on 
bare  chalk  hills,  we  find  them  filled  with  tertiary  clays  and  sands. 
Near  Lenham,  in  Kent,  they  contain  remnants  of  pliocene 
fossils. 

There  does  not  seem,  however,  any  reason  to  believe  that  these 
worked  flints  were  originally  part  of  the  contents  of  the  pot-hole, 


196  GEOLOGY   OF   THE    TORTESHAM    DISTRICT. 

for  there  is  no  proof  that  they  were  found  in  undisturbed  ground. 
It  is  more  probable  that  the  steep  side  of  the  comb  having  exposed 
a  section  of  the  pipe,  large  flints  were  easily  obtainable,  and  the 
flint  workers  resorted  to  the  place  accordingly.  The  same  deposit 
is  still  worked  for  gravel  in  a  pit  close  by. 


port  on  ©teerbation*  of  the  Jfirst 

of  f  irbs,  Insects,  #c.,  anb  the 
Jfirst  Jflofoering  of  plants 


IN  DORSET  DURING 
1895. 


By  NELSON  M.  RICHARDSON,  B.A.,  F.E.S. 


ITS  HE  names  of  those  who  have  this  year  sent  in  returns 
are  as  follows ;  they  are  denoted  in  the  Report  by 
initials  : — 

(J.  C.  M.)     J.  C.  Mansel-Pleydell,  WhatcomLe, 

near  Blandford. 
(N.M.R.)    N.    M.     Richardson,     Montevideo, 

near  Weymouth. 
(E.  R.  E.)     E.    R.    Bankes,    The    Rectory,    Corfe    Castle,    near 

Wareham. 
(0  P.  C.)     Rev.    0.   P.  Cambridge,   Blox worth   Rectory,  near 

Wareham. 

(II.  J.  M  )    H.  J.  Moule,  Dorchester. 
(T.  R.  A.)     T.  R.  Atkinson,  Sherborue. 
(J.  M.)          Job  Mullins,  Wylde  Court,  Hawkchurch. 
(E.  S.  R.)      E.  S.  Rodd,  Chardstock  House,  Chard. 
(G,  H.)         G.  Hibbs,  Bere  Regis. 


198     FIRST  APPEARANCES  OF  BIRDS,  INSECTS,  ETC. 

(D.  C.)          D.  Curme,  Cliilde  Okeford,  near  Blandford. 

(S.  C.)  S.  Creed,  Cheddington,  Misterton. 

(Miss  P.)      Miss  Payne,  Weymouth. 

(H.  S.  G.)     H.  S.  Gray,  Rushmore  (Wilts). 

(IT.  S.  E.)     H.  S.  Eaton  (Notes  from  Portisbam). 

(G.  B.  L.)     Rev.  G.  B.  Lewis.  Broadstone. 

Three  of  last  year's  observers  Lave  sent  no  returns,  viz.  :  Col.  F. 
J.  Stuart  and  Jas.  Andrews  (J.  A.)  (one  observation  only),  both  of 
whom  have  left  their  former  places  of  residence,  and  Rev.  Canon 
R.  F.  Wheeler. 

RARE  BIRDS  IN  1895. — A  few  rare  birds  are  mentioned  in  the 
returns. 

LESSER  SPOTTED  WOODPECKER. — One  was  seen  and  closely 
watcli2d  for  some  time  in  an  oak  coppice  near  Corfe  Castle  by  Rev. 
E.  II.  Greenhow  on  January  4th.  It  was  busily  engaged  in 
cracking  the  round  oak-galls.  (E.  R.  B.) 

GREATER  SPOTTED  WOODPECKER. — A  female  specimen  was 
picked  up  dead  near  Rempstone,  Corfe  Castle,  on  February  16th 
during  the  Great  Frost,  and  is  now  in  the  collection  of 
(E.  R.  B.). 

BITTERN. — One  was  shot  by  Mr.  W.  Edmunds,*  at  Coombe 
Farm.  Langton  Matravers,  near  Swanage,  on  January  22nd,  and 
recorded  in  The  Field  of  February  2nd.  One  is  reported  in  the 
Dorset  County  Chronicle  of  January  17th,  to  have  been  shot  by 
Mr.  B.  Bird,  of  Wyke  Regis,  Weymouth,  just  previously. 
(E.  R.  B.) 

AMERICAN  YELLOW-BILLED  CUCKOO  (Cuculus  Americanus). — A 
specimen  of  this  N.  American  species  was  observed  during  several 
months  in  the  garden  of  Mr.  W.  Colfox,  of  Westmead,  Bridport, 
and  was  eventually  picked  up  there  dead  on  October  5th.  Its  skin, 
beautifully  stuffed,  was  exhibited  by  its  owner  at  the  meeting  on 
December  13th,  at  the  County  Museum.  The  bird  showed  no 

*  I  learn  from  Mr.  Edmunds  that  tins  is  the  specimen  referred  to  at 
page  185  of  Vol.  XVI.,  which  was  erroneously  stated  to  have  been  shot 
in  December,  1894,  instead  of  January,  1895.  (N.  M.  R.) 


FIRST    APPEARANCES    OP    BIRDS,    INSECTS,    ETC.  199 

signs  of  having  been  kept  in  captivity.  This  is  only  the  sixth 
recorded  occurrence  of  the  species  in  this  country.  Its  appearance 
is  noted  in  the  October  number  of  the  Zoologist.  Its  note  was 
something  like  that  of  the  Green  Woodpecker. 

PIED  FLYCATCHER. — Warm  well,  March  1st  (F.  0.  P.  Cambridge) 
(J.  C.  M.  P.). 

SNOW  BUNTING. — Shot  at  Kimmeridge,  November  29th 
(J.  C.  M.  P.). 

TWITE. — Flocking  with  GIRL  BUNTINGS  at  Lyme  Regis,  in 
February  (Miss  Lister). 

WATER  RAIL. — One  at  Kimmeridge,  December  16th.    (J.C.M.P.). 

GREAT  BLACK-BACKED  GULL. — A  female  was  caught  in  a  trap  at 
Winterbourne  Whitechurch,  a  distance  of  about  16  miles  from  the 
sea,  the  weather  being  wet  and  stormy.  (J.  C.  M.  P.). 

QUAIL. — Two  frequented  the  park  at  Whatcombe  in  the  early 
part  of  July  for  a  few  days  and  then  disappeared.  (J.  C.  M.  P.). 

LITTLE  CRAKE. — A  specimen  of  the  Olivaceous  Gallinule  of 
Bewick,  seen  at  Hay  ward  Bridge  near  Shillingstone.  (D.  C.). 

The  following  white  varieties  have  been  noticed : — 

HOUSE  SPARROW. — A  white  variety  was  repeatedly  seen  with 
others  of  the  ordinary  colour  in  the  stubbles  after  harvest  at 
Portisham.  (H.  S.  E.) 

BULLFINCH. — Two  white  varieties  were  shot  at  the  same  time 
about  the  middle  of  November  by  Mr.  Wm.  B.  Knight,  of 
Axminster.  Each  specimen  had  the  breast  shaded  with  brick 
colour  at  the  sides.  Mr.  Mullins  refers  to  the  occurrence  some 
years  ago  of  two  white  swallows  with  pink  eyes  (albino)  near 
Beaminster,  now  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  Peat  of  that  town, 
and  notices  that  their  flight  was  weaker  than  that  of  normal 
specimens. 

Dr.  Curme  mentions  that  he  saw  13  cuckoos  together  in  one 
field  on  April  19th,  and  flocks  of  finches  and  bramblings  on 
January  8th. 

Mr.  E.  R.  Bankes  gives  the  following  observations  on  birds  and 
squirrels  during  the  Great  Frost,  January -February,  1895  : — 


200  FIRST   APPEARANCES    OP    BIRDS,    INSECTS,    ETC. 

ROOKS  KILLING  AND  EATING  SMALL  BIRDS. — In  February  two 
rooks  lived  for  a  long  time  close  to  Corfe  Castle  Rectory, 
constantly  walking  about  the  lawn  and  frequenting  the  gravelled 
terrace  just  outside  the  dining-room  window,  where  I  several 
times  actually  saw  them  eating  crumbs  of  bread,  *  &c.,  that 
had  been  put  out  for  other  birds.  At  last  hunger  made  one  or 
both  murderers,  for  one  of  them  killed  a  small  bird  close  to  the 
window,  and  carrying  it  off,  devoured  it  in  a  tree  close  by,  and  a 
day  or  two  later  one  of  them  killed  and  ate  a  starling  near  our 
front  door  ;  probably  they  demolished  other  small  birds  in  like 
manner,  but  were  not  seen  in  the  act.  In  both  cases  under  notice, 
the  victim  was  apparently  quite  strong  and  healthy,  and  by  no 
means  in  a  dying  condition. 

A  CANNIBAL  STARLING. — Mr.  W.  A.  Rixon,  of  the  Manor  House, 
Corfe  Castle,  tells  me  that  at  Morden,  near  Wareham,  he  saw  a 
starling  attack  another  starling,  which  may  have  been  weak  and 
starving,  but  was  certainly  still  alive,  and  peck  fiercely  at  its  eyes. 
On  driving  off  the  murderer,  he  found  that  it  had  already  entirely 
pecked  out  one  of  its  victim's  eyes,  which  it  had  doubtless 
devoured. 

TAMENESS  OP  JAY. —From  February  11-1 7th,  a  jay,  which  had 
frequented  the  shrubbery  at  Corfe  Castle  Rectory  for  some  time 
previously,  several  times  came  on  to  the  terrace  close  to  the  dining- 
room  window,  and  I  actually  saw  it  eat  some  of  the  bread  crumbs, 
&c.,  put  out  for  the  birds. 

GREEN  WOODPECKERS  ATTACKING  BEEHIVES. — At  Mr.  R.  Diffey's 
cottage  at  Morden,  near  Corfe  Castle,  green  woodpeckers,  driven 
by  hunger,  pecked  holes  about  2  inches  in  diameter,  and  reaching 
to  the  inner  comb,  right  through  the  backs,  a  little  above  the 
wooden  stands  of  three  straw-skip  hives,  in  order  no  doubt  to  get 
at  the  bees.  Not  believing  at  first  that  woodpeckers  could  be  the 
culprits,  Mr.  Diffey  set  a  trap  and  caught  one  flagrante  delido,  and 


*  Rooks  and  starlings  not  infrequently  eat  crumbs  on  my  lawn  when 
short  of  food.     (N.  M.  R.) 


FIRST    APPEARANCES   OF   BIRDS,    INSECTS,    ETC. 


201 


I  understand  that  others  were  subsequently  seen  pecking  away  at 
the  hives. 

SQUIRRELS  NOT  HIBERNATING. — Squirrels  are  often  supposed  to 
hibernate  in  the  winter,  and  perhaps  do  so  in  some  parts  of  the 
country,  but  I  have  seen  no  evidence  of  such  a  habit  in  our 
district,  where  they  may  be  constantly  noticed  throughout  the 
winter,  not  only  on  bright  sunny  days  but  at  all  times.  On  some 
of  the  very  coldest  and  dullest  days  in  the  middle  of  the  Great 
Frost  of  February,  they  were  seen  running  about  our  lawn  and 
shrubbery.  (E.  R.  13.) 

Turning  now  to  the  lists  themselves  I  note  that  they  have  been 
satisfactorily  filled  up  by  several  observers,  whilst  some  only  con- 
tribute three  or  four  observations  altogether.  The  value  of  these  is 
much  increased  if  the  observer  keeps  year  after  year  to  the  same 
species.  The  dates  in  different  years  can  then  be  compared 
together  and  conclusions  deduced  from  them,  but  if  four  birds  are 
observed  this  year  and  four  different  ones  next  year,  and  so  on,  it 
is  a  much  more  difficult  matter  to  make  any  comparison  between 
them. 

An  analysis  of  the  observations  made  on  birds  during  the  last 
four  years  shows  that  they  are  distributed  as  follows.  After  the 
name  of  each  bird  are  given  the  number  of  observations  on  it  in 
each  of  the  years  1892,  3,  4,  5,  and  finally  the  total.  It  will  be 
seen  that  the  swallow  and  cuckoo  are  the  most  universally  noted. 


g 

1 

i 

i 

i! 

g 

g 

I 

i 

01 

11 

Swallow 

7 

7 

13 

12 

39 

Fieldfare 

1 

4 

4 

3 

12 

Cuckoo 

7 

5 

12 

12 

3(5 

Willow  Wren 

4 

1 

4 

3 

12 

Swift 

7 

5 

8 

9 

29 

Whitethroat 

3 

•1 

2 

4 

11 

Nightingale 
Wheatear 

6 
6 

4 
5 

7 
(i 

7 
5 

22 

Rook 
Woodcock    .  . 

0 

it 
2 

5 
4 

5 
2 

10 
10 

Chiffchaff      . 

6 

5 

5 

5 

21 

Wryneck 

4 

1 

2 

2 

9 

Nightjar 

4 

4 

5 

5 

18 

Sandmartin 

3 

2 

1 

2 

8 

Skylark 

2 

•j! 

7 

6 

IV 

Redwing 

1 

2 

2 

7 

Turtledove 

2 

4 

V 

15 

Redstart      .  . 

1 

0 

2 

2 

5 

Corncrake 

1 

4 

4 

5 

14 

Red-backed  Shrike 

1 

0 

0 

0 

1 

Flycatcher 
Blackbird    .. 

3 

2 

3 
1 

5 

5 
5 

13 
13 

No.  of  Observers  .  . 

8 

7 

13 

13 

40 

202  FIRST   APPEARANCES   OF   BIRDS,    INSECTS,    ETC. 

With  regard  to  the  continuous  annual  observation  by  the  same 
person,  the  Redwing,  though  only  recorded  7  times  in  the  4  years, 
is  noted  in  each  year  by  (J.  C.  M.  P.)  and  twice  by  (S.  C).  ;  the 
Sandmartin  (8  times  altogether)  is  noted  4  times  by  (J.  C.  M.  P.) 
and  3  times  by  (E.  R.  B.)  ;  this  being  a  local  bird,  but  very  easily 
observed  when  it  occurs.  The  Redstart  on  the  contrary  being  a 
scarce  bird  is  only  noted  twice  each  by  (N.  M.  R.)  and  (J.  M),  and 
is  of  almost  as  little  use  as  the  Red-backed  Shrike  for  phenological 
purposes.  This  last  bird  has  only  been  observed  once,  and  is  either 
very  rare  in  Dorset  or  very  little  known,  probably  the  latter,  as  in 
"  Birds  of  Dorset  "  it  is  stated  that  "  it  breeds  here  regularly,  and 
may  often  be  seen  in  our  orchards  and  hedgerows." 

I  would  suggest  that  observers  should  be  especially  careful  with 
regard  to  the  swallow,  cuckoo,  and  other  birds  that  receive  most 
general  attention,  and  similarly  with  the  plants  and  insects. 
With  regard  to  the  table  on  p.  186  of  the  last  volume  (XVI.)  I  ma> 
mention  that  the  conclusions  there  come  to  are  fully  confirmed  by 
this  year's  observations,  the  cuckoo  arriving  first  at  Whatcombe, 
then  at  Bloxworth  and  Corfe  Castle,  and  last  at  Weymouth. 

The  dates  of  the  birds  are,  on  the  whole,  distinctly  earlier  than 
in  1894;  the  cuckoo,  however,  is  four  days  later,  but  the  record  in 
1894  (March  31st)  was  very  exceptional.  The  record  of  a  swallow 
at  Bere  Regis  (G.  H.)  on  March  10th  is  likewise  very  exceptional, 
the  next  date  being  April  5th  at  Corfe  Castle  and  Sherborne. 

Some  of  the  insects,  &c.,  are  not  of  great  value  for  phenological 
purposes,  as  they  are  so  little  observed,  and  the  dates  consequently 
show  alarming  discrepancies;  e.g.t  rose  beetle,  August  5th,  1894,  and 
May  22nd,  1895,  both  at  Corfe  Castle.  (E.  R.  B.)  No  one  else 
has  even  noticed  the  insect  at  all  in  the  two  years,  though  it  is  not, 
as  a  rule,  a  rare  species.  Insects  are,  however,  the  most  liable  of  any 
of  the  objects  in  our  list  to  years  of  great  abundance  and  scarcity, 
and  there  are  comparatively  few  which  are  at  all  regular  in  their 
numbers.  The  date  (March  17th)  given  by  (G,  H,)  and  (S.  C.)  for 
the  appearances  of  the  Painted  Lady  Butterfly  is  a  very  early  one,  and 
the  locality,  "  Fluttering  in  a  church  window  "  (S.  C.),  so  suggestive 


FIRST    APPEARANCES   OF   BIRDS,    INSECTS,    ETC.  203 

of  the  small  Tortoiseshell,  which  often  hibernates  in  churches,  that 
I  cannot  help  thinking  the  records  may  refer  to  that  species.  I 
am  not  prepared  to  say  that  the  Painted  Lady  does  not  hibernate 
in  this  country,  but  the  fact  has  been  seriously  questioned  and 
there  can  be  no  doubt  that  large  immigrations  occasionally  take 
place  in  the  spring. 

Very  few  observers  notice  the  currant  or  magpie  moth,  which 
is  an  abundant  and  unmistakable  species  appearing  in  June  or 
July. 

The  dates  of  the  flowers  show  a  most  striking  difference  from 
those  given  in  1894 ;  for  up  to  June  all  the  earliest  Dorset  records 
are  later,  frequently  about  a  month  later  than  in  1894,  whereas  in 
and  after  June  they  are  considerably  earlier  than  in  1894.  This  is 
also  the  case  to  a  less  noticeable  extent  with  the  insects.  These  facts 
would  suggest  that  the  migratory  birds  are  not  influenced  by  tho 
temperature  in  this  country,  they  having  been,  as  above  mentioned, 
earlier  in  arriving  than  in  1894,  in  contradistinction  to  the  spring 
plants,  which,  doubtless  owing  to  the  weather,  were  considerably 
later.  Not  knowing  the  state  of  the  weather  further  south  in  the 
early  part  of  1895,  I  cannot  do  more  than  suggest  this  as  a  point 
for  the  consideration  of  anyone  who  has  the  time  and  opportunity 
to  investigate  it. 

The  following  note,  entitled  "  Jottings  on  Insect  Life  in  Purbeck 
and  Neighbourhood  in  1895,"  has  been  sent  by  Mr.  E.  R. 
Bankes : — 

"  As  regards  insect  life  in  1895,  I  was  able  to  do  only  a  small  amount 
of  collecting  and  observation,  but  the  season  seemed  to  be  a  most  peculiar 
one,  some  species  being  exceptionally  plentiful,  whilst  numbers  of  them 
were  much  scarcer  than  usual  or  only  conspicuous  by  their  apparent 
absence.  On  the  whole,  the  Lepidoptera  seemed  but  poorly  represented  : 
of  Colias  edusa*  (the  "Clouded  Yellow  "),  which  was  common  in  some 
parts  of  the  South  Coast,  I  was  disappointed  to  see  only  seven  specimens, 
but  Vanessa  atalanta  (the  "  Red  Admiral  ")  abounded,  whilst  from  the 
beginning  of  September  onwards  Phisia  gamma  (the  "  Silver  Y  moth  ") 

*  Only  one  specimen  of  Colias  edusa  noted  during  1895,  viz.,  on 
August  18th,  at  Chickerell  (N,  M.  E.). 


201  FIRST   APPEARANCES   OF   BIRDS,    INSECTS,    ETC. 

and  Stenopteryx  hybridalis  swarmed  everywhere.  One  or  two  Sphinx 
convolvuli  *  (the  "  Convolvulus  Hawk-moth  ")  were  seen  in  our  garden 
at  night,  but  escaped  capture.  Of  the  Bymenoptera,  the  large  and 
formidable-looking  Sawflies,  Sirex  gigas  and  S.  juvenciis,  harmless 
enough  to  us,  but  so  destructive  in  their  larval  stage  to  timber,  were  both 
met  with  in  Purbeck,  whilst  at  Sherford  Bridge,  some  three  miles  to  the 
north  of  Wareham,  the  larvae  of  the  smaller  Hemichroa  rufa  occurred  in 
such  truly  prodigious  numbers  that  for  about  the  distance  of  150  yards 
or  more,  out  of  two  rows  of  very  fine  alder  bushes  about  15  to  20  feet 
high,  growing  on  either  side  of  the  stream,  almost  every  single  alder 
bush  had  been  entirely  stripped  by  them  of  leaves  when  I  visited  the 
spot  on  September  26th,  and  hundreds  of  larvae  were  still  wandering 
about  the  bare  stems  and  branches  in  search  of  food.  Of  the  Coleoptera, 
the  larvie  of  Melolontha  vulgaris  (the  Cock-chafer)  were  exceedingly 
abundant  in  grass  land  in  the  autumn,  and  the  rooks,  finding  this  out 
about  September,  used  to  move  about  in  flocks  from  one  spot  to  another, 
and  in  certain  patches,  varying  in  size,  but  generally  more  or  less 
circular  and  perhaps  a  couple  of  yards  in  diameter,  pulled  up  all  the 
herbage  by  the  roots  in  order  to  get  at  the  larvae  the  more  easily, 
leaving  the  patches  of  bare  earth  covered  only  by  the  heaps  of  uprooted 
grass  plants.  I  have  myself  never  seen,  nor  can  I  hear  that  others  have 
seen,  the  grass  fields  left  in  such  a  state  before,  and  a  neighbouring 
farmer,  with  no  great  extent  of  grazing-land,  assured  me  that  he  had 
had  acres  upon  acres  of  grass  destroyed  in  this  way  by  the  rooks,  which 
had  done  far  more  damage  than  the  larva?  would  ever  have  done.  This 
same  phenomenon  was  also  observed  in  other  parts  of  the  country,  and 
Lord  Walsingham  tells  me  that  on  parts  of  his  estate  at  Merton,  in  Nor- 
folk, the  same  effect  was  produced,  only  there,  curiously  enough,  the  bare 
patches,  instead  of  being  due  to  the  rooks,  were  caused  by  the  pheasants, 
which  are  very  numerous,  in  their  search  for  the  cock-chafer  larvae." 

*  The  occurrence  of  the  larva  of  S.  convolvuli  in  this  country  has  been 
very  rarely  recorded,  so  that  the  finding  of  two  larvae  in  the  allotment 
grounds  of  Chickerell  is  of  great  interest.  Convolvulus  arvensis  grows 
there  amongst  the  potatoes,  &c.,  in  great  profusion,  so  that  the 
larvae  would  not  lack  food.  One  of  these  larvae  was  brought  to  me 
on  September  29th,  and  buried  itself  to  turn  to  a  pupa  on  October  1st, 
the  other  arriving  a  few  days  later.  I  regret  to  say  that  neither  of  them 
emerged.  The  moths  are  not  uncommon,  but  are  almost  always,  it  is 
believed,  immigrants  from  abroad.  I  have  never  seen  a  larva  before, 
though  I  generally  have  one  or  two  of  the  moths  brought  to  me  every 
year.  A  few  other  larvae  were  recorded  from  Cornwall,  &c.,  about  the 
same  date.  (N,  M.  K.) 


FIRST    APPEARANCES    OF   BIRDS,    INSECTS,    ETC.  205 

Mr.  S.  Creed  (CHEDDINGTON)  sends  the  following  list  of  wild 
plants  observed  by  him  in  flower  between  Christmas  and  New 
Year's  Day  : — 

"Gorse  in  abundance,  Primrose,  Blue  Violets,  Thistle,  Charlock, 
Forget-me-not,  Herb  Robert,  White  and  Red  Archangel,  Chick- 
weed,  Groundsel,  Daisy,  Dandelion,  Robinhood,  Crowfoot,  Straw- 
berry, Periwinkle,  Heartsease,  Yarrow,  Corn  Feverfew,  and  Lesser 
Hawkweed."  Compare  "Purbeck  Wild  Flowers  in  December, 
1888,"  Proc.,  Vol.  XL,  p.  82. 

I  append  the  following  tables,  to  which  I  have  added  for 
convenient  reference  a  column  of  the  earliest  recorded  appearances, 
&c.,  in  the  whole  of  Dorset : — 


•auojepTSOig 

'•a  *a 

<N 

4- 

N.  Nesting.  E.  First  Egg.  S.  Song  first  heard.  Y.  Young  Birds  hatched.  L.  Last  seen. 
(1)  Rare  at  Chickerell.  (2)  More  numerous  than  formerly.  (3)  Four  on  Beaminster  Down.  (4)  Rarely  seen  here.  (5)  Only  observed  once  this  year. 
(6)  May  10  by  Miss  Payne  at  Weymouth  ;  May  14  by  N.  M.  R.  (7)  Six  observed. 
WEYMOUTH.—  Absent  from  home  Ap.  18—  May  H.  Some  observations  late  (N.  M.  R.) 
CORFE  CASTLE.—  House  Martin  Ap.  17  (E.  R.  B.)  STUDLAND.—  Redstart  Ap.  19  (A.  E.  Bankes). 
BLOXWORTH.—  Great  Tit.  First  saw-sharpening  note,  Feb.  22  ;  Turdus  viscivorus  (Missel  Thrush),  Afar.  9,  S.  (O.  P.  C.) 
•^..  PORTISHAM.—  White  Sparrow  repeatedly  seen  with  others  in  the  stubbles  after  harvest  (H.  S.  E.) 

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of 


,  etc,,  in  jgorsrct  in  1895, 


By  H.  S.  EATON     • 

(Past  President  of  the  Royal  Meteorological  Society  ). 


'INGE  Last  year  observations  of  rainfall  have  been  dis- 
continued at  Blandford  St.  Mary,  Godmanstone 
Manor,  Smedmore,  and  Swanage  (The  Bank) ; 
and    none    have    been    received    from    Poole 
(West    Street).      Fresh    stations    have    been 
established  at  Bere  Regis  (Vicarage),  Broad- 
windsor  (Blackdown  House),  Buckhorn  Weston 
(Rectory),    Dorchester  (Waterworks),   Power- 
stock    (West   Mellow),    Shaftesbury  (Cottage 
Hospital),  and  Winterborne  St.  Martin  (Clandon  House).     At  the 
end  of  the  year  returns  were  made  to  the  Club  from  38  stations  in 
the  county,  being  an  increase  of  two  over  1894. 

The  gauge  at  Dorchester  occupies  very  nearly  the  same  position 
as  one  in  operation  from  1865  to  1872,  and  consequently  affords  a 
valuable  connecting  link  arid  means  of  comparison  between  the 
observations  now  taken  and  those  of  the  earlier  years.  With  the 
exception  of  Bloxworth  Rectory  and  Binnegar  Hall  daily  returns 
have  been  received  from  all  the  stations  on  the  forms  issued  by  the 
Club.  The  names  of  the  observers  and  stations  and  the  monthly 
depth  of  rain  are  included  in  Table  I. 


RAINFALL    IN    DORSET. 


211 


The  approximate  elevation  of  the  receiving  surfaces  of  the 
gauges  above  the  ground  and  their  height  above  sea-level  is  given 
in  Table  II.  ;  also  the  depth  of  rain  in  the  year,  the  difference 
from  the  average  and  ratio  to  the  average,  the  days  of  rain 
•Olin.  and  more,  days  with  'Olin.  only,  days  with  at  least  lin.,  and 
finally  the  greatest  depth  of  rain  in  one  day  with  the  date. 

At  none  of  the  Dorset  stations  did  the  total  rainfall  reach  lin. 
in  February,  May,  and  September  ;  and  only  twice  since  the 
commencement  of  observations  in  1848  has  the  monthly  rainfall 
been  less  than  in  February  or  under  *10in.  In  1865  September  was 
rainless.  Of  the  12  gauges  then  at  work  the  returns  from  7  were 
•00.  The  water  collected  in  the  other  5  was  the  product  of  either 
dew  or  mist.  In  February  1891  there  were  34  gauges  at  work. 
Fogs  were  prevalent,  and  there  was  slight  rain  on  the  14th  of 
the  month  :  but  no  rain  was  recorded  by  12  of  the  observers; 
and  in  February  1895  the  schedules  of  5  of  the  37  are  with- 
out an  entry  of  rain,  yet  in  view  of  the  great  differences  under 
the  head  of  days  of  rain  of  '01  in.  only  (Table  II.)  it  is  almost 
certain  that  in  many  cases  slight  falls  of  rain  and  snow  have  not 
been  registered. 

The  subjoined  comparison  for  the  three  months  shows  that  the 
drought  was  most  severe  in  September,  1865  : — 


Number 

Average 

Stations 

Station  with  the 

Date. 

of 

Deposition 

without 

Greatest  Amount  of 

Stations. 

of  Water. 

Rain,  etc. 

Rain,  etc. 

In. 

In. 

1865,  September      .  . 

12 

•013 

7 

Dorchester               '06 

1891,  February 
1895,  February 

34 

37 

•028 
•057 

12 
5 

Bere  Regis                '10 
Haselbury  Bryan    '35 

In  May  the  country  suffered  greatly  from  drought.  There  was  a 
complete  absence  of  rain  in  the  28  days  ending  the  29th  at  24  of 
the  stations  in  the  central  and  western  districts.  The  little  rain 
that  fell  in  the  interval  at  the  remaining  13  stations  was  practically 
confined  to  the  east.  The  average  number  of  rainy  days  this 
month  was  2 -7. 


212  RAINFALL    IN    DORSET. 

Although  the  rainfall  in  September  did  not  reach  lin.  at  any 
Dorset  station,  it  must  have  exceeded  that  amount  in  some  places 
during  a  thunderstorm  on  the  night  of  the  6th-7th,  when  I'GOin. 
was  measured  at  Larmer  and  l'59in.  at  Rushmore.  On  this 
occasion  the  heaviest  falls  near  the  central  path  of  the  storm  were 
•35in.  at  West  Mellow,  *33in.  at  Portisham,  *27in.  at  Langton 
Herring,  'ISin.  at  Steepleton,  '7Sin.  at  Martin's  Town  (Winter- 
bourne  St.  Martin),  '38in.  at  Cattistock,  '62in.  at  Dorchester, 
•37in.  at  Haselbury  Bryan,  '4 lin.  at  Sturminster  Newton,  '24in. 
at  Whatcombe,  and  '35m.  at  Shaftesbury.  The  partial  distribution 
of  thunderstorm  rain  is  further  shewn  by  there  having  been  only 
•02in.  at  Wyke  Regis,  Portland,  Swanage,  and  Verwood  on  the 
right  of  the  main  storm  path  and  the  same  amount  at  Blackdown 
on  the  left. 

The  wettest  day  in  the  year  generally  was  January  12th,  at  the 
commencement  of  a  break  in  the  long  frost,  when  a  fall  of  snow, 
changing  to  rain  the  next  day,  exceeded  an  inch  at  about  three- 
fourths  of  the  stations.  On  April  24th  more  than  an  inch  of  rain 
fell  at  the  majority  of  the  stations ;  and  November  was  a  rainy 
month,  only  two  days  being  without  rain. 

The  rainfall  exceeded  lin.  at  one  or  more  of  the  stations  on 
2  days  in  January,  3  days  in  April,  1  day  in  June,  3  days  in 
October,  6  days  in  November,  and  1  day  in  December. 

With  regard  to  the  rainfall  at  Haselbury  Bryan,  both  this  year 
and  last  the  ratio  to  the  average  hitherto  adopted  has  been  the 
lowest  in  the  list  (Table  II.).  Such  an  occurrence  two  years  in 
succession  at  one  place  needs  examination.  In  every  year  from 
1888,  when  observations  began,  up  to  1893,  more  rain  was 
measured  at  Haselbury  Bryan  than  at  any  other  station  ;  but  last 
year  it  was  exceeded  at  Cheddington,  and  this  year  it  stands  third 
of  the  17  stations  where  corresponding  observations  have  been 
made  since  1888,  the  total  being  greater  at  Cheddington  and 
Cattistock.  For  the  purpose  of  this  investigation  the  ratio  of  the 
annual  rainfall  to  the  period  1888-95  has  been  computed  for  each 
of  the  17  stations,  and  is  set  forth  in  Table  III.,  Haselbury  Bryan 


RAINFALL  IN   DORSET.  213 

by  itself  and  the  16  others  separately  and  combined  ;  and  the 
difference  between  Haselbury  Bryan  and  the  mean  of  the  rest  is 
given  at  the  foot  of  the  table.  The  actual  rainfall  having  appeared 
in  this  and  previous  reports  need  not  be  repeated.  The  resulting 
values,  which  must  not  be  confounded  with  the  ratios  in  Table  II. 
of  "Dorset  Annual  Rainfall,  1848-92,"  exhibit  Haselbury  Bryan 
as  relatively  the  wettest  of  the  Dorset  stations  in  1888  and 
1890  and  the  driest  in  1894  and  1895.  This  is  very  unlikely. 
No  diminution  of  rain  to  an  extent  such  as  that  indicated  has  been 
experienced  at  any  other  place.  It  will  be  noticed  that  the 
change  occurred  in  1892,  since  which  time  the  fall  has  approxim- 
ated to  that  at  Cheddington  and  other  villages  among  the  hills. 
Probably  the  conditions  of  observation  have  undergone  an  alteration 
for  the  better  in  the  last  year  or  two,  and  42  or  43  inches  instead 
of  49  inches  may  ultimately  turn  out  to  be  the  annual  rainfall. 

There  has  been  a  deficiency  of  about  5  per  cent,  in  the  rainfall 
for  the  year,  as  deduced  from  20  stations,  omitting  Haselbury 
Bryan  (Table  II.,  column  9).  More  precisely,  compared  with  the 
period  1848-92,  the  total  rain  has  been  as  94-9  to  100. 

The  chief  meteorological  feature  of  the  year  was  the  frost  which 
commenced  on  the  30th  December,  1894,  and,  with  an  interval  of 
mild  weather  from  the  14th  to  the  21st  of  January,  lasted  till  the 
5th  of  March,  with  some  relaxation  towards  the  close.  Just 
100  years  ago  a  still  longer  frost,  particularly  severe  in  January, 
prevailed  from  the  middle  of  December,  1794,  to  the  commence- 
ment of  March  following.  Since  then,  with  the  exception  of  the 
very  snowy  winter  of  1813-14,  when  frost  persisted  almost 
uninterruptedly  from  the  27th  of  December  to  the  5th  of  February, 
the  months  of  January  and  February  together  of  the  present  year 
have  undoubtedly  been  the  coldest  of  the  century. 

Bloxworth — Rev.  0.  P.  Cambridge  :  An  almost  total  absence  of 
thunderstorms. 

Chalbury — Rev.  G.  H.  Billington :  Highest  temperature  77°  on 
the  27th  of  September,  lowest  13°  on  the  6th  of  February.  In 


214  RAINFALL    IN    DORSET. 

o 

February  the  average  maximum  temperature  was  32 -6,  average 
minimum  23 -5. 

Hasellmry  Bryan — Rev.  Canon  R.  F.  Wheeler  :  1895  was  a 
most  trying  one  for  all  garden  work.  The  long-continued  cold 
from  the  commencement  to  the  middle  of  March  prevented  work 
being  got  forward  as  usual,  while  the  spell  of  dry  weather  in  May 
and  June  and  the  coldness  of  the  ground  prevented  seeds  from 
germinating. 

Portland,  Chesil — Rev.  W.  Waugh  :  A  thunderstorm  at  9  p.m. 
on  the  30th  of  May. 

Shaftesbury — Miss  L.  Wand :  The  average  readings  of  the  maxi- 
mum thermometer  in  January  and  February  were  respectively  36*1 
and  32'S  and  of  the  minimum  27"3  and  22'9,  the  mean  of  the  two 
being — January,  31*7;  February,  27*8.  The  cold  was  very  intense 
on  the  6th,  7th,  and  8th  of  February  :  The  maximum  thermometer 
in  the  screen  on  these  days  attained  21*6,  23'0,  and  26'8  :  the 

00  O 

minimum  11 '8,  13'8,  and  13-0.     The  highest  temperature  of  the 

O 

air  this  month  was  44 '0.  Frost  occurred  on  every  night  but  the 
23rd,  when  the  thermometer  fell  to  32 '1  in  the  screen.  The 
maximum  thermometer  did  not  exceed  32  on  10  days  in  January, 
13  days  in  February,  and  1  day  in  March.  At  one  foot  below  the 
surface  of  the  ground  the  temperature  of  the  earth  was  at  or  below 
the  freezing  point  from  the  8th  of  February  to  the  7th  of  March 
inclusive.  The  average  for  February  was  31  '9. 

Swanage— Rev.  H.  Fix  :  Lowest  temperature  16°  on  the  8th  of 
February. 

Weymouth— J,  R.  Eyles :  Hours  of  sunshine,  from  a  Campbell 
and  Stokes'  instrument  on  the  pier  head  : 


January 

99 

July 

218-25 

February 

105 

August 

257-25 

March 

136 

September 

226-75 

April 

157-25 

October 

101-50 

May 

284 

November 

62-25 

June 

269-25 

December 

37-25 

RAINFALL    IN   DORSET.  215 

Winterbourne  St.  Martin — Captain  J.  E.  Acland  :  Maximum 
temperatures  of  28°  and  24°  on  the  6th  and  7th  of  February  and 
minimum  temperatures  of  11°  and  13°  on  the  same  days. 

Winterbourne  Steepleton — H.  Stilwell  :  Lowest  temperature 
on  the  9th  of  February. 


216 


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670 
D69D6 
v.17 


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