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\
^iDr<i
MA
/
V. 3
THE
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
LINNEAN SOCIETY
OP
NEW^ SOUTH W^ALES.
VOL. IIL
[With Twenty-seven Plates].
^Y Foster and J^'airfax, 14 ^arrack ^treet,
AND SOLD BY THE SOCIETY.
1879.
\OOOS
•CONTENTS OF VOL. III.
PART I.
Page
Description of a new species of Ptihtk from Torres Straits. By E.
Jr* Al^^lSA.X| J?aJ^aC>* ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ^
On an Australian variety of Meritina pulUgera, Linn. By the Rbv.
J. E. Tbnison-Woods, F.G.S., F.L.S., <fec 3
On a new genus of Milleporidcs, By the Rbv. J. E. Tbnison-
Woods, F.G.S., F.L.S., &c. With Plate 6
On a new species of Psammoaeris, By the Riv. J. E. Tbnison-
Woods, F.G.S., F.L.S., &c 8
Description of a species of Myiokstes from Fiji. By E. P. Ramsay,
JC • AJim O* ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• X^
Note on a species of Therapon found in a dam at Warialda. By
William Maclbay, F.L.S., with Remarks by the Rbv. J. E.
Tbnison-Woods. F.G.S., F.L.S., &c 15
On a new species of Deamophyllumf and a young stage of Cycloseris
Sinensis. By the Rbv. J. E. Tbnison-Woods, F.G.S., F.L.S. &c. 17
On the Geology of Yass Plains. By Charlbs Jbnkins, Esq., L.S.
Yass. With Plate 21
Descriptions of some new fishes from Port Jackson and King George's
Sound. By William Maclbay, F.L.S. With Plates. ... 33
Notes on List of Australian Birds. By E. P. Ramsay, F.L.S. ... 38
Notes on the Fishes of the Norman River. By Count F. de
v/AoX fiJijM^U • ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• •«« .,, trX
On a new species of Mophc^Tialus from Sutton Forest. By William
Maclbay. F.L.S. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 52
On the Power of Locomotion in the Tunicata. By William Maclbay,
J? • Xj* o« •• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• Os
On some Australian Littorinidce, By the Rbv. J. E. Tbnison- Woods,
F.G.S., r.L.S., cfcc, ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 55
Descriptions of five species of Birds from Torres Straits and New
Guinea, &c. By E. P. Ramsay, F.L.S 72
81
92
100
116
118
IT. OOKTlirTt.
PART n.
Page
Descriptiona of seven new species of Terrestrial and Marine Shells
from Australia. By John Brazier, C.M.Z.S., &c. Plate 8. ... 77
On BuUmus Du/remii, By the Rev. J. E. Tenison- Woods, F.G.S.,
r^.Jj*o<} otc* jrlate 7* ••• ••• ••• •••
On three new genera and one new species of Madreporaria Corals
By the Rev. J. Tenison- Woods, F.G.S., F.L.S., &c. Plate 10
Zoology of the "Chevert" Ornithology, Part 11. By E. P. Ramsay,
Mm m J-^« l^« • Ow V« ••• »•• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• «•
On two new species of Oerygone, By E. P. Ramsat, F.L.S., &c. ..
On the Ferns of Queensland. By F. M. Bailet, F.L.S., &c.
On two new species of Land Shells. By the Rev. J. E. Teihson
Woods, F.G.S., F.L.S., &c. Plate 12
On a new genus of Polyzoa. By the Rev. J. E. Tenison- Woods
F.G.S., F.L.S., <fec. Plate 13
On some Corals from Damley Island. By the Rev. J. E. Tenison
Woods, F.G.S., F.L.S., &c. Plates 9 and 11
On some new Extratropical Corals. By the Rev. J. E. Tenison
Woods, F.G.S., F.L.S., &c. Plates 12 and 13
On some Freshwater Shells from New Zealand. By the Rev. J. E
Tenkon-Woods, F.G.S., F.L.S., &c. Plate 13
On some new Australian (chiefly Freshwater) Fishes. By Count F
DE Castelnau.
Proposed Zoological Station for Sydney. By Baron N. de
Miklucho-Macleat.
Lepidoptera having the Antlia terminal in a teretron or borer. By
R. B. Read, M.R.C.S. Plate 14
On the Trachese of some Australian Ducks. By E. P. Ramsat,
X?*XJ«0«y OwO» ••• ••• ••• •■■ ••• ••• ••• «.,
MoUusca of the "Chevert" Expedition. By John Brazier
V/. JXL.^.O., ObC ••« ••. ..« ••• ..« .,. ... ..
Drawings by Australian Aborigines. By J. 0. Cox, M.D., F.L.S..
&c.. Plates 15 and 16.
123
126
128
131
135
140
144
150
154
155
155
PART m.
P
Report of Committee on Zoological Station 1
On a new Ganoid Fish from Queensland. By Count F. de Cas-
xEIiNAU • Jt labe .L«7, ^x. ... ••• ••• ••• >•• ...
On a species of AmpJUaile, from the Palau Islands. By William
liAOLBATy F.L.S. Plate 19, B
CONTENTS. V.
Page
On Macrodontism. By N. de Mikluho-Maclat, Hon. Mem. Linn.
Soc. N. S. W. Plate 18 169
On the Goshawk from Port Moresby. By E. P. RAMSiyr, F.L.S., &c. 173
Descriptions of Australian Microlepidoptera. By E. Meyrtck, B.A. 176
On the Geology of Yass Plains. Second Paper. By Charles
Jenkins, L.S., Yass Plate 17 216
Description of a new species of Vivipa^'a. By John Brazier,
vy.iXL.^.C>.| OuC. ••> ... ••• •». ... ... ... ••• A^A
On some Tertiary Fossils from Muddy Creek. By the Rev. J. E.
Tenison- Woods, F.G.S., F.L.S., &c. Plates 20 and 21 222
Contributions to the Zoology of New Guinea. Mammals and Birds.
By E. P. Ramsay, F.L.S., &c 241
PART IV.
Page
PlagiastomcUa of the Pacific. By N. de Miklouho-Maclat, and
William Maoleay, F.L.S. Parti. With 5 Plates 306
On an apparently new species of Penguin from Campbell Island. By
F. W. HuTTON, Professor of Zoology, Otago University 334
Notes on a small collection of Birds from the New Hebrides, with a
description of a new species of Merula. By E. P, Ramsay,
JD.J-J. C, CbC. •.. ... .. ... ... ... a.. ... i)00
Description of a new species of RMpidura from Lord Howe's Island.
By E. P. Ramsay, F.L.S., &c 340
On six new species of Annelida of the family AmpMnomidce in the
Macleay Museum. By William A. Haswell, M.A., B. Sc,
Edinburgh 341
Essay on the Ichthyology of Port Jackson, By Count F. de
Castelnau 347
Contributions to the Zoology of New Guinea, Part III. Description
of a new Marsupial allied to the genus Perameks, By E. P.
Ramsay, F.L.S., &c. ... ... ... ... ... 402
Notes on Puffinus cameipes of Gould. By E. P.Ramsay, F.L.S.,&c. 406
On two new species of Stenorhynchtis, By W. A. Haswell, M.A.,
^3« l^v* ••• ••• ••• «• ••• •■■ ••• ■•• ••• afc^/O
Notes on the Anatomy of the Brachial Plexua of Birds. By W. A.
Haswell, M.A., B. Sc. 409
President's Annual Address 414
INDEX TO VOL. III.
Acanthoperca Gulliveri . .
Accipiter cirrhocephalus..
Achroea grisella
Acrostichum Pteroides ..
Actitis hypoleucos
Adeorbis acuticarinata . .
aster
Adiantum affine ..
capillus-veneris
diaphanum
^gialitis Geoffiroyi
hiaticula
mongolus
iEgotheles Bennettii
Agenor modestus . . . 350,
Ailurcedus Stonei .
Alcyone affinis
pusilla
AUuterius variabilis
Ammotretus rostratus
Amphinome nitida
pr8elonga
Amphisile Komis
Anas castanea
gibberifrons
punctata
superciliosa
Ancillana semilsBvis
Anerastia mirabilella
Anguilla Australis 355,
Antennarius commersonii
pinniceps . . .
Aphareus roseus . . . 350,
Aphritis Urvillei
Aplodactylus lophodon ...
obscurus 350,
Apogon fasciatus ... 350,
NovsB HoUandise
Aprosmictus chloroptems
Aracana lenticularis 356,
Arachnopora argentea ...
Ardea sacra
Page 1
42,45
• « •
247
• • •
216
■ • •
118
• • •
297
• • •
238
• • ■
238
• • •
119
...
119
• • •
119
• • •
297
...
297
■ •
116
• » •
264
357,
371
...
268
258
• ■ •
258
• • •
399
355,
359
• ■ •
341
• • •
341
• • •
166
115,
301
• • •
38
• • •
115
• • •
301
• • •
229
• « •
213
360,
400
353,
362
353,
362
361,
373
351,
358
350,
357
357,
374
357,
370
350,
357
• • •
251
360,
400
• f •
8
• • •
115
Page
AiTipis truttaceuB 350, 357, 363
AristeuB Fitzroyensis 141
fluviatilis 141
Arius Australis 42,50
Arses Enado 269
telescophthalmus ... 114, 269
Artamus leucopygialis . . . 189, 276
Aspidium tenerum 120
truncatum 120
Asplenium maximum 121
sylvaticum 121
Astur cruentus 173, 248
leucosomus 248
Sharpei 173, 248
Atherina pmguis 353, 362
Atherinicnthys Duboulayi . . . 143
Jacksoniana 353, 359
Atypichthys strigatus 350, 361, 374
Atypus strigatus 375
Aulopus purpurissatus 355, 360, 364
AuxisRamsayi ... 352,858,382
BalanophyUia dentata 98
Balistes Jacksonianus ... 356,360
Batrachus dubius 353, 358
Baza Reinwardtii 246
stenozoa 246
Belideus ariel 243
Bellerophon acutuB 23
Belone f erox . . . 355, 359, 394
Krefffci 42, 60
Beryx affinis ... 349, 360, 366
Blechnum cartilagineum 121
nitidum 121
BlenniuB unicornis 363, 368, 384
Blepharis ciliaris ... 352, 362,383
indicus 383
BramaKaii 352,361
Bronteus ... - 217
BuceroB ruficoUis 263
Bulimus Dufresnii ... 81, 91
Butoroides flavicollis 299
Ji^vanioa .,. 116, 299
11.
INDBX.
Page
Bythinella coralla 136
Cacatua ^lerita 105
Triton 104,250
Cacomantis assimilis 256
dometorum 257
Caloenas Nicobarica 295
ferruginea 339
Calomis cantor 279
cantoroides 279
metallica 107, 279
viridescena ... 107, 279
Campephaga Boyeri 284
Marescotii 283
MuUeri 115
Sloetii 285
strenua 115
Canoellaria varicif era 231
Canis familiaris var. Papuensis ... 242
Caprimulgus macrouruB 264
Caranx georgianus . . . 352, 358, 364
macrosoma ... 352, 362
Carpophaga Mulleri ... 102,294
pacifica ... 292, 339
pinon 102, 292
rufigaster 292
rufiventris 292
spilorrhoa 103
VanWyckii 292
^lOccB ... ... £ijx
Centronotus Gardenii 381
Centropogon Australis ... 351, 358
robustus ... 351, 358
CentropuB melanums 110
Menbekii 258
spilopteruB ... 110, 258
Cerithium a][)heles 232
cribarioides 231
Ceroprepes almella 210
Cestracion Francis! 315
pantherinus 316
FhiUipi 309
Quoyi 316
zebra 309
Ceyx solitaria 259
Chalcites plagosus 110
Chalcophaps chrysochlora 104, 294, 339
Jobiensis 294
Mar^ritse 294
Stephani 294
Chalcopsitta chloropteras ... 254
GhalcopsittacuB scintilltuis ... 106
Chanos sahnoneus ... 355, 362
Ghatoessus Erebi ^, 61
Chsetodon ocellipinnis 33
Chaetodon sexfasciatos ... 350, 357
tetracanthuB 376
Cheilanthes caudata 119
Cheilodactylusannularis 351, 358, 377
fuscos 350, 357, 376
gibbosus 351, 358, 363
rabrofasciatos ... 140
vestitus 378
Cheimras insignia 217
Chibia carbonaria 109, 275
Chilo Parramattellus 178
Chironemos marmoratos 350, 357, 363
Chlamydodera cerviniyentris 102, 268
Ohloeiaflava 345
Macleayi 345
pulcheila 345
Ohrys^ena Correi 339
Chrysophrysaustrali8350, 357, 363, 373
sarba 350, 361, 373
Cicinnums regius 267
Cinnyris aspasiffi 288
frenata 102, 287
Circus Wolffi . 336
Cisticola lineocapilla 275
roficeps ... 108, 275
Clupea hypselosoma 355
moluccensis 355, 362, 395
sagax ... ... 355, 362
Cnidoglanis leptnros 355, 359, 393
me^toma 355, 359, 392
Collocalia spodiopygia 265
Collurioincla bronnea 280
megarhyncha ... 280
Conger labiata ... 355,360,396
Conopophila albogularis 285
Conradia 61
Couthoyia ... ... ... ... 61
Conus Kalphii 228
Coris lineolata ... 354,359,390
Corvina albida 42,47
Corvus orru 278
Cossyphus €k>uldii 354
unimaculata 354, 359, 389
Yulpinus ... 354, 359
Cracticus cassicus ... 109, 281
mentalis 281
Spaldingi 39
Quoyi 281
Crambus aurantiacus 184
bifractella 197
Crambus bivittellus 186
concinellus 18?
ouniferellus 18'
I dimidiellus ir
INDBX.
m.
enneagrammus
halterelluB
hoplitellus
invalidellus
latdvittalis
milvellus
opulentellus
pleniferelluB
recurvellus
relatalis
torrentelluB
trivittatuB
vivittellus
Cristiceps antinectes
aurantiacus
Macleayi
CiiscuB chrysorrhouB
Groldiei
orientalis
Cybimn commersonii
Cycloseris Sinensis
Cyclopsittacus suavissimns
Cylicia Huttoni
vacua
Dacelo Gaudichaudi
intermedins
Leachii
Dactyloptems orientalis ...
Daphnella s^racillima
Dayallia soiida
tripinnata
Demiegretta sacra
Dendrocygna guttata
vagans
Bendrogalus
Desmo^yUum qninarium
Diacopus Bengalensis
Dicaeum rabrocoronatum. . .
Dichoroea Boletiformis ...
Dicotylichthys punctulatos 357, 363
Dicksonia lanata .. 121
Youngia 121
Dicrorus carbonarius ... 109,275
Diodon hystrix 357,363
novemmaculatus 357, 363, 401
Page
. 194
183
188
193
183
181
192
187
186
191
184
185
185
353,358
353, 358, 386
353, 358, 385
... • • • Z4o
243
... 352, 361
17, 19, 20
... 252
... 132
... lt>4
... 261
... 261
... 261
351, 361
... 226
.. 121
... 121
. • • «jUU
... 301
... 301
... 244
17, 18
349,361
110, 276
... 96
I>onacola nigriceps
Drillia Trevori
Drymopbila alecto
carinata
£!cheneis naucrates
remora ...
Elchidna Lawesi ...
Eclectus polychloros
Edoliosoma 6oyeri
• • • • • « ^OaJ
• •• •• • ^^/
• • • • • • XXo
• • • • • • X Xtc
362, 361, 382
... 352, 361
• • • • • • J^rXTX
... 105, 253
• •• ... XJ.0
Edoliosoma melas...
plumbea
Elacate nigra . . . 351,
Pondiceriana
Elapocranium
Eleotris adspersa ...
Australis... 353,
mogomda
planiceps
simples ...
sulcaticoUis
Elops saurus
Engraulis nasutns...
Enoplosus armatus 349,
Eopsaltria nana ...
placens
Eos foscata
Ephestia elutella . . .
interpunctella
Eromene bifractella
dilatella...
longipalpella
prsematurella
Erytherura cyanovirens
Etiella Behrii
chrysoporella
sincerella ...
Etromeus Jacksoniensis 36,
Eucarphia ensiferella
Yulgatella
Eudynamys cyanocephala
Eudyptes chrysocome
chrysolopha
FilhoU ...
Enktimenaria ducalis
Eulabes Dumontii
orientalis...
Eomeda elon^ta ...
Eupetes Goldiei . . .
nigricrissns
Euphrosyne Mastersi
Enrystomus crassirostris
Fistulariaserrata ... 353,
Flabellom rabrom
Fossarus
Fnsus funiculatus . . .
Galleria mellonella
Grallinala ruficrissa
tenebrosa
Gambetta pulverolentus
Gasterosteus ovatus
Grdochelidon macrotarsa
G«ofi&oyius amensis
cyaniceps
P»Re
115, 283
... 283
361,381
... 381
... 64
... 142
358, 384
363, 358
42,49
42, 49
... 142
355, 362
42, 51
357, 363
... o«f
... 272
... 253
... 215
... 216
... 197
... 199
... 196
... 198
... «jO«/
... 205
... 206
... 204
356, 360
... 208
... 207
... 257
... Of^
... 335
... 004:
... 126
107, 279
... 279
... 144
... 303
... 277
.. . «>40
... 263
362, 388
... J.i54
... 61
... 225
... 216
... 298
... 298
... 297
... ooo
... .301
105, 252
... 253
IV.
IKDBX.
Page
Geologv of Yam VUubm ; On the 21, 32
Geopeua hnmeniUM
placida ...
Gerres ovatos
subfasciatos
Gerygone cinerascens
flavida ...
Igata ...
inconspicoa
insularius
Glaucosoma Burgeri
Glyciphila flavo-tincta
subfasciata
Gobius sauroides ...
Goura Albertisi ...
Gracula Dumontii ...
Graucalus angustif rons .
Caledonicus
melanops
plumbea
strenua
Gulliveria fasciata
fusca ...
Gymnocorax senex
Gyropleurodeus Francisci
Halcyon albicilla ...
Julias
Macleayi...
sanctus
Haliaetus leucogaster
Haliasturffirrenera
leucostemus
sphenurus
Haipya cepbalotes
Heliastes nipsilepis
Helicarion mmosa
Helix Bala
Bebias
BeddomaB ..
Mazee
mucoides
Nicomede ..
Zebina
Helotes sexlineatus
HemiramphuB argenteus 355, 360, 394
breviceps 355
melanochir 355, 362, 364
regularis 355, 360, 394
Henicopemis longicanda 247
Henicophaps albinrons 104
Herodias garzetta 300
Heterocyathus hemisphericuB ... 9
Heterodontus Francisci 315
Francisi 315
293
... 104, 293
354, 359, 391
OOrt, t50«7
274
• • • • • • Ov
117
... 116, 273
117
... 350, 357
... ... OOi
286
42, 48
... 104, 294
107
... 114, 283
... ... OvO
... 114, 283
... 2oo
... 2XjO
42,46
42, 45
278
315
261
• • • • • • ^TlL? 4
261
261
• • • • • • mTXtJ
• • • • • ■ ^^eO
246
246
243
353, 359, 388
124
7o
>7Q
• • • • • • y ^7
• • • • • • Ov
79
,,. ... liSO
■ • • • • • / 1/
• • • * I * * ^
350, 357
Pig«
Heterodontus galeatos 313
PhiUipi 309
Quoyi ..X ... 316
zebra 309
Heteroscarus Castelnaui 36, 354, 359
Himantopus lencocephalus ... 115
IJ ippocampus Novae Uollandise 356,360
tristis ... 356, 364
Hirundo Javanica ... 275
nigricans 275
Histiophorus gladius . . . 352, 362
Holocentrus heptodactylus ... 42
Homocosoma distichella . . . ... 215
vagella 214
Hoplocephalus Bransbyi ... ... 52
Hydrochelidon nigricans 275
lanthsenas idbogmaris 293
Isosillago maculata ... ... 34
Kurtus Gulliveri ... ... 42, 48
Labrichthys gymnogenis 354, 359, 389
mticlavius ... ■ 354, 359
luculentus ... 354, 359
35, 354, 359
354, 359, 389
.. . tK>0
... 285
... 256
... 256
... 265
... 283
... 209
... 42
363, 365
... 42
351, 361
... 239
... 239
351, 361
351, 358
350, 357
361, 372
42,51
... 236
... 60
... 296
... 122
... 129
... 12i
... 12^
nigromar
ginatus
parila
Lalage pacifica
rufiventris
Lamprococcyx lucidus
Meyeri
minutillus
Lanius melas
Lasiocera canilinea
Lates calcarifer ...
colonorum 349, 357,
nobilis
Latris ciliaris
LedaHuttoni
inconspicua ...
Lepidotriglia papilio
Leptoscopus macropygus
Lethrinus chrysostomus
glipnodon
Leuciscus Australis
liotia lamellosa . . .
Littorina ...
Lobivanellus miles
Lomaria Capensis . . .
discolor ...
procera . . .
vulcania ...
Lorius Guliebni ... 73,
hypcenochrous 72,
Lotella callarias . . . 354,
rubiginosa
350,
106, 254
106, 25^
359, 3P
354, 3
INDEX.
V.
Machseramphus alcinus .
Macropygia Amboinensis
Doreya
Maokinlayi .
Macropteryx mystica
Macropus crassipes
Madreporaria tabulata
Majaques Parkinsonii
Malanichthys simplex
108,
101,
102,
• • ■
103,
• • •
116,
Page
247
293
103
339
265
244
7
39
350, 357, 363
tricnspidata350,357, 363
zonata 350, 357, 363
274
227
265
265
291
291
296
295
5
277
276
262
262
262
287
263
336
337
337
337
337
337
337
337
337
337
304
271
272
105
246
247
279
235
61
Malurus alboscapulatus
Mangelia bidens
Manucodia atra
Keraudreni ...
Megaloprepia Poliura
puella
Megapodius Cuvieri
Duperreyi . . .
Melania oncoides
Melanocharis bicolor
unicolor . . .
Melidora collaris
Groldiei
macrorhyncha ...
Melithreptus albogularis...
Merops omatus
Memla albifrons
poliocephalus
Pritzbuesi
ruficeps
sanguinolenta
Tempesti
Vanicorensis
vinitincta...
Vitiensis
xanthopus
Micrseca albofroutata
fla^rigaster
flavovirescens ...
Microglossus aterrimus ...
Milvus affinis
striatus
Mino Robertsoni
Minolia strigata
Modulus
Monacanthus Ayraudi 356, 360, 397
brunneus 356
Gkinensis 398
convexirostris 356, 360
Damellii 356
granulatus356, 360, 398
guttulatus 37
hippocrepis 356, 360, 398
112,
Page
Monacanthus maculosus 356, 360
megaluras 356, 360, 398
obscurus . . . 356, 360
penicilligerus 35€i, 362
Peronii 356,360,364, 398
platifrons ... 356,360
prasinus 356,360,364,400
rudis 356, 360, 399
spilomelanurus 356, 360
tomentosus 356, 262
Monarcha Aruensis 269
carinata ... 114, 268
' guttulatus 269
melanoptera 269
melanotus 269
tricolor 113
Monocentris laponicus 349, 360, 365
Mugil compressus 42, 50
dobula 42, 50, 353, 362, 387
grandis 353, 359, 364, 386
Peronii ... 353, 359, 387
Mursena afra
siderea
Mursenesox bagio
Mullus fuscatus
Munia caniceps
355, 362
355, 360, 396
355, 362, 395
• • • • • • nJ i\J
• • ■ • • • ^O V
Muscicapa chalybeocephalus 113, 268
melaleuca
Musicapa megarhyncha
Mussa laciniata
solida
Mycteria Australis
Myelois cosmiella ...
subarcuella
Myiagra melamera
nitida ...
rubecula . .
Myiolestes maximus
nigro^laris
Myristicivora spUorrhoa
271
280
130
129
300
212
211
339
112
112
13
12
292
Myrophis Australis 355, 360, 396
353,
110,
Myxus elongatus
Myzomela cardinalis
erythrocephala
obscura
Nasitema pusilla
Nassa Tatei
Natica Hamiltonensis
Wintlei
Naucrates ductor
Neoanthias Guntheri
Neochsetodon vittatus
Neosphyrsena multiradiata352, 358,363
Nephopteryx opimella 201
359
337
111
285
251
230
229
229
361
352,
349, 361, 367
350, 357, 375
VI.
INDBX.
354,
354,
355,
stenopterella
Neritina pulligera
sulcata
Ninox albomaculata
dimorpha ...
undulata
NotbolsBna fragilia
pumilio
Notopygos navus
parvus...
Numenius cyanopus
uropygiaUs
Nycticorax Caiedonicus . . .
Odax balteatus
obscuruB
semifasciatus
Olistherops brunneus
cyanomelas
Om{)ax spatuloides
Ophichthys serpens
Ophideres Atkinsoni
fullonica
Oriolus striatus
Ostracion concatinatus ...
diaphanus
Pachycephala brunnea . . .
collaris
fuliginata . . .
melanura ...
Pagrus unicolor . . . 350, 357,
Pandion leucocephalus . . .
Paradisea Baggiana
Pardachirus pavoninus ...
Parma microlepis
squamipiimis
Parra Novae Guineae
Patsecus fronto
maculatus
Pelecanus conspicillatus ...
Peltops Blainvillei
Pempelia rufitinctella
Btrigiferella ...
Pempheris compressus 352,
Pentaroge marmorata
Perameles Broadbenti
Moresbiensis ...
Percis nebulosa
Periophthabnus Australis
Petrocirtes analis
variabilis
Phalacrocorax melanoleucus
Philemon Novsb GuinesB ...
Phy llopora spinosa
Phyllopteryx foliatus 356,
Page
... 200
... tS
... «>
... 249
... 248
... 249
... 120
... 119
... irrO
• • • tm
... 296
... 296
116, 300
354,359
359, 391
362, 390
36, 354
354, 364
... 165
359, 362
... 151
... 151
112, 278
356,362
356, 362
... 282
74,281
74,282
... 281
363, 372
. 248
101, 266
355, 362
354, 359
354, 359
... 298
353, 358
. . . oOo
... 302
... 268
... 203
... 202
358,384
351, 361
... 402
... 244
351, 358
42,48
353, 362
353, 362
... 302
... Ill
... 97
360,364
Physa Guyonenfids
Hrata
Piezorhynchus Alecto
nitidus
Pisania tenuicostata
Pitta Macklotii
Novae Guineae
Novae Hibemicae
Placotrochus pedicellatus
Platycephalus Bassensis
... 138
... 138
. 113,268
. 113,268
... 224
. , ... 277
... 277
... 73
... 134
S 351, 358,
} 363, 379
351,358
cirronasus . ,
fuscus 351, 361, 363, 379
laevigatus 351, 358, 363
Tasmanianus ... 379
Plectorhyncha stictocephalus . . . 304
Plectropoma annulatum 349, 357, 369
cyanostigma 349, 361
nigro-rubrum 349, 357
semicinctum 349, 361
serratum 349, 357, 368
Pleurotoma mumdaliana 226
Samueli 226
Plotosus elongatus ... 42, 50
Plotus Novae Hollandiae 302
Podargus marmoratus 264
Papuensis ... .. 264
Podiceps gularis ,302
Novae Hollandiae ... 302
Poecilopteris virens 118
Polynemus indicus . . . 351, 361
macrochir
Polypodium nigrescens . . ,
Pomacentrus unifasciatus
Pomatostomus Isidorii ...
Porphyrio melanopterus . . ,
Priacanthus Bemmebari . . .
macracanthus 349,361,369
Prionophora ruptella 179
Psammoseris cylicioides ... 10
Psenes leucurus 352, 362
Psettus argenteus 352, 362
Pseudoambassis eloncatus 42, 44
Macleayi 42, 43
Pseudorhombus Russellii 354, 359, 391
351,
352, 358
... 120
354, 359
112, 280
... 279
349, 361
Pteris comans
Pterois volitans ...
zebra
Pteropus conspicillatus
Ptilopus apicalis ...
aurantiifrons
coronulatus
Correi
Gestroi . . .
119
351, 361
351, 361
... 242
. . . Ow3
103, 290
103, 290
... 339
... 289
INDBX.
vn.
103,
103,
Page
289
290
290
339
291
266
111, 286
... Ill
2, 39, 285
111, 286
111,286
111, 286
111, 286
... 406
Ptilopus iozonus ..
perlatus ..
pulchellus
Kivolii
auperbus..
Ptilorhis magnifica
Ptilotis analoga
filigera
Germana ..
gracilis
notata
similis
versicolor
Fuffinus cameipes
Pycnonotus stictocephalus
Rallina tricolor
Rectes ferruginea
Reinwardtsena Reinwardtii
RhinolophuB
Rhipidura ambusta
castaneothorax
cervina
gularis ...
isura
se uOsa ... ...
Rhombosolea flesoides . . .
Rhytidoceros plicatua
Xvisei-La ... ... ...
Ruppelia prolongata
Sauloprocta tricolor
Saurida Australia
nebulosa
undosquamis
Saurus myops
Scatophagus argus
multifasciatus|*^^'^» |^
Schizea dichotoma
Fosteri
Schoeniclus magnus
Schoenobius imparellua
Sci»na antarctica . . .
aquila 351, 361, 363, 381
Scomber antarcticua 352, 358, 364
nigra
Scorpseua Bynoensis
cardinalis
cruenta...
militaris
Scorpis sequipinnis
ScotophilusnigroOTseua
304
297
280
293
243
270
270
• • • • • • O^Ev
... 113, 270
... ... 11*5
... 113, 270
263
• • • • • • ^J A
... 353, 359
... 113, 271
355, 359, 393
... 355, 362
oOd, OOtf
... 355, 362
350, 361
121
121
297
176
381
351,
381
351, 358
351, 358, 378
351, 361, 378
... ... «5/o
350, 367, 376
243
Scythrops Novae Hollandi88 110, 258
Sebastes percoides 351, 361, 363, 379
Selligaea pothif oUa 119
Seriola grandis
hippos
Lalandii ...
ium)fasciatus
Serranus Damelii ...
dispar
gatfcatus ...
guttulatus
Page
352, 358, 364
... 352, 358
... 352, 362
... 352, 362
349, 357, 365
... 349, 360
. . . o4«/, ooil
33, 349, 357
349, 360
... 237
355, 359
... 384
... 279
... 279
363, *
merra
undulato-striatus 349,361,366
Sillago Bassensis ... 351,358, 380
maculata 351, 358, 363, 380
Terrse Reginaa ... 351,380
Solarium acutum 236
Wannonensis
Solea microcephala
Spams compressus
Sphecotheres flaviventris
Salvadorii
Sphyrsena Novae Hollandiae J oga 007
Squalus Phillipi ! 309
Squatarola helvetica
Stenorhynchus brevirostris
fissifrons...
Sterna anaestheta
anglica
Bergeri
melanauchen
Panayensis
Sticharium dorsale
Stigmatophora argus
nigra
Sti^atops albo-auricularis
Stnx delicatula
Sula cyanopus
. 297
, 408
409
302
301
, 301
302
302
353, 359
355, 362
355, 360
75, 285
248
303
303
242
260
128
personata
Sus Papuensis
Syma Torotoro
Symphyllia hemispherica
Synaptura quagga .. 354, 362, 392
Synancidium horridum ... 351,361
Syngnathus margaritifer... 356,360
argus ... 355, 362
Synoicus cervinus 296
Tachypetes aquila 303
Tadoma Radjskh 300
Talegallus fuscirostris 297
Tanysiptera Galatea 259
microrhynchus ... 259
minor 259
Salvadoriana ... 259
Taphozous 243
Tectaria 61
Vlll.
INDEX.
Page
Temnodon saltator 352, 362, 364
Tetrodon amabilis 356, 360, 401
firmamentum .. 357, 363
Hamiltoni 356
hispidus 356, 363, 364
hypselocenion ... 357, 363
immacmatos ... 356, 363
l»vigatu8 ... 357, 363
lunaris ... 356, 362, 400
Teuthis Javus ... 353, 362, 386
nebulosa 353, 362
Thalotia exigua 235
Therapon caudovittatus ... 42, 47
Cuvieri 350, 361
fasciatus ... 42, 46
servus 350, 361
Terraa Reginse ... 42, 47
unicolor... 16
ThynnuB pelamys 352, 361
Tigrisoma heliostyla 300
Todopsis Bonapaitei . . . 108, 274
c^anocephala ... 108, 274
Tomatina involuta 239
Totanus griseopygius 297
Toxotes Carpentariensis ... 42, 47
Trachichthys Australia 349, 357, 364
Trachinops tseniatus . . . 353, 359
Trachuras declivis 352, 358, 383
trachuras? ... 352, 383
Trachinotus Bailloni ... 352, 362
ovatus 352, 362, 383
Trichoglossus Massense 107, 255, 339
pahnanun 339
subplacens ... 255
Trichomanes iilicula 121
Javanitum 121
P««e
Trichomanes pixidifemm
... m
Trif oris sulcata ...
• • •
... 233
Wilkinsoni
• • •
... 233
Triglia Kumu
351,
361,380
pleuracaHthica
• • •
351,358
polyommata
351,
358,363
Tringa crassirostris
• • •
... 297
Tripteiygium marmoratom
Triton Kattii
... 34
... 223
TrochitA turbinata
• • •
... 238
Trochocopus rofiis
• • a
... 35
unicolor
• • •
354,359
Trochus supragranosus
• • •
... 155
Tropidorhy nchus NovseC
TiirDo supragranosus
luineml 11,287
• • •
... 155
Tumtella platyspira
• a •
... 234
transenna
• ■ a
... 284
Upeneichthys porosiis
■!
350, 361
363. 371
Upeneus signatus 350,357
Upenoides Vlamingu 350, 361,^63, 372
Urospizias cruentus
Vasilluni tuberculatum
• a •
... 173
a • •
... tlo
Vitia ruficapilla . . .
• • •
... 14
Vivipara Alisoni . . .
• • a
... 221
Voluta Bednalli ...
• a •
... 81
Xanthotis iili^era . . .
• • •
... 286
Zeodrius vestitus ...
351,
358, 377
Zeus Australis
• • •
... 352
ciliaris
• • •
... 383
Xclil/\?& • • • • • •
352,
361,364
Zosterops flavifrons
a • •
... 337
Gouldii...
• • •
. . . «> V
mseonata
longirostris
• • a
... 338
• a •
... 288
Westemensis
• ■ a
... o\f
•0-
THE PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
LINNEAN SOCIETY
OP
NEW SOUTH WALES.
MONDAY, 28th JANUARY, 1878.
W. J Stephens, Esq., M.A., President, in the Chair.
MEMBER ELECTED.
Mr. Miskin, Qaeenslaud.
DONATIONS.
From La Society Entomologiqae da Belgiqne: —
Gompte Rendu of the Society. Part 43 of Serie II.
From the Royal Norwegian Society of Ghristiania : —
1. Index Sapplimentam Locorum Nat-alinm specalium Plan-
taram nonnullaram vascnlarium in Provincia Arctica
Norvegiffi sponte nascentiam quas observavit J. M.
Norman.
2. Allelositismns af J. M. Norman.
3. Enamerantur mnscornm qnorandum rarioram sedes in
Norvegia quas observavit R. Wnlfsberg.
4. Forstmeister J. M. Norman's Beretning til Departmentet
for det Indre om den i Wien i September 1873 Afholdte
Kongres af Land — og ForstmsBnd.
5. Bidrag til Knndskaben om Yegetationen paa Nowaja
Semlja, Waigatsohoen og ved Jngorstrsddet Meddelt af
A.Blytt.
2 THE PBOCKEDINOS OF THB LINNEAN SOCIETY
6. Ghristiania omegns Phanerogamer og Bregpier med
Aogivelse af deres udbredelse samt en indledning cm
vegetationens afhsBngiglied af underlaget af A. Blytt.
Prom Prof. Owen : —
On a new species of Sthenurus.
PAPERS BEAD.
Description of a new species of Ptilotis, from Torres Stxuits.
By E. P. Ramsay, F.L.S. '
PraOTIS GEBMANA. sp. nOY.
Adult male* The front and sides of the head, lores, throat and
chest, and the margins of the shoulders on the under side, yellow ;
ear-coverts yellow, with a narrow stripe of black, commencing
almost at the angle of the mouth, passing through them, and
below which they are of a brighter yellow ; under wing-coverts
pale buff; chest, breast, and remainder of the under surface
pale yellow, indistinctly striped down the centre with dull brown,
centre of the abdomen and under tail-coverts citron yellow, the
greater series of the under tail-coverts striped down the centre
with brown ; back of the head, hind neck, and all the upper
surface of the body dull brown, with a faint tinge of olive on the
rump ; wings and tail dark brown all the feathers broadly
margined on the outer webs with bright olive yellow ; bill black,
legs brown.
Total length, 5*6 ; wings, S'l ; tail, 2'5 ; tarsi, 0*8 ; bill from
forehead, 07 ; from gape, 0*75.
Hah, Torres Straits.
This species comes close to P. omatus (Gould), on the one
hand from the stripes of the chest, but has not the blackish lores
of that species ; on the other hand it resembles P. flavescens of
the same author, but may be distinguished from it by the dull
brown of the back, and stripes on the under surface.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 6
On an Australian variety of Nebitina pulligera, Linn.
By the Rev. J. B. Tenison- Woods, F.G.S., F.L.S., Cor. Mem.
Lin. See, N.S.W., &c.
The following new variety of Neriiina was obtained by Robert
Johnstone^ Esq. (and sent to the Curator of the Sydney Museam)
in the monntain streams of the Bellenden Kerr Ranges,
Northern Queensland.
Neritina pdlligeba, var. sulcata, n. s.
N. t, calyptriformis, crassa, tumida^ vix ohliqua, marginem versus
latiore, periostraca olivacea, parum nitida^ concolor^ haud erosa,
concinne induta ; spira omnino occhisa ; anfr, 2 ? regulariter
oblique^ conspicue, late sulcatis, sulds roitrndatis, Icevih, ; apertura
politay amplay expansa, semilv/nari, luteo-aurantiacea, cceruleo-alha
anguste marginata ; area columellaris planaia, intense cceruho-
at/raia^ ad apicem conspicue, lateque callosa ; peristoma acutum,
labro supeme canaliculato, retroque curvato ; lahio a^uto^ dentibus
parviSf vnconspicuis, numerosis munitis. Operculum testaceum,
olivac&um, politum, IcBve, vel tenuissime siriaiu/m, fasciis intensiorhus
spiraliter omatum ; apice postico, marginali,
Maj. diam. 24-30, min. 18-24, alt. 11-15, millim.
Shell cup -shaped, thick, a little oblique, tumid, broader
towards the margin, neatly covered by an olive, slightly shining,
periostraca, which is not eroded ; spire altogether hidden ; whorls
two, regularly, obliquely broadly sulcate ; sulci rounded, smooth ;
aperture polished, ample, expanded semilunar, yellowish orange,
narrowly margined with blueish white ; columellar area flattened,
of an intense blue-black, with a conspicuous broad callosity
behind ; peristome sharp ; labrum channelled above and curved
back, lip sharp with many flne small teeth. Operculum testaceous,
olive, shining, smooth, or very finely striate, and ornamented
with dark bands ; apex posterior and marginal.
This shell is a variety of N, pulligera, Linnseus, but the
differences are that our shell is yellow, not purple in the throat ;
the aliform prolongation of the labrum is much less marked, in
4 THE PHOCEEDINOS OF THE LINNBAN SOCIBTT
fact is scarcely perceptible, and the shell is smaller. It most be
admitted that these features are not more than slight,
and from the fact that the flaviatile shells of Australia have a
very wide range this may be a local variety. I have not, however,
distinguished it as a species, and for those who think the
characters sufficient it can stand as N» pulligera var. stdcatct,
N. pulligera is common in the MoUuccas, Philippine Islands, and
has been found in the Pacific Ocean, New Caledonia (?). There
is a specimen in the Sydney Museum marked as from Guadalcanor.
This variety is also closely allied to N. petitti, Recluz, to which
it approaches in size, though it is smaller. The lip and columella
differ in color and shape. In N, petitii it is of rich reddish
brown, darker at the margins, but in this species it is light orange,
&c., as described. There are four Neritma described from
Australia, viz., JV. tritonensiSy he Gillon, densely reticulated ;
N. auriculata, Lam. (as from New Holland), broadly auriculate
at each side of the aperture ; N, haconi, Reeve, from Swan
River, lineated or flexuously reticulated with black lines ;
N, dringu, Recluz, spirally branded with yellow. All the above
are smaller than the present species or variety.
N, pulligera was described by Linnaeus as a " smooth coarse
shell with an excavated eye-like small spire ; inner lip smooth
crenated." With the above named author it was a Nerita and
came under his section G, meant for a division with imperforate
shells and toothed lips. According to him it appears to have been
figured by our countryman Lister (tab. 143) by Seba {Mus, 3. t. 41,
figs. 23-26) by Rumphius {Mils, tab. 22). Gmelin gives other
references, notably to Bom in his Catalogue of the Museum of
the Empress of Austria in volume of plates, No. 17, figs. 9 and
10, and Chemnitz vol. 9, plate 124, figs. 1078, 1079. Gmelin also
says that it inhabits the rivers of India and is from 14 to 16 lines
long. He adds " shell hard, very finely striate transversly, pellucid
black or brownish or reddish (sic in Turton's edit.) ; whorls two,
one very large and terminating in an acute tooth ; throat
glabrous, polished, with a fine blue or whitish bottom, near the
margin a broad fulvous band ; inner lip ascending, glossy."
OF NBW SOUTH WALES.
BlaiDenbach (Nat. Hist p. 265) states that N. puUigera matures
its offspring within the shell and carries them aboat with it, from
which circumstance the name ^^pulligera** has been given. Miiller
(Verm, Terr, et Fhw. vol. 2, page 196), says that " the yellowish
white granules which frequently occupy the back of the shell are
the young of the Nerite as Rumphius shows. I have counted 235
in one specimen. But for the authority of Bumphius I should
have taken them to be the ovules of some wandering anamal-
cule." The following is the passage in full : — " Orana quce dor-
swm cochlecB frequenter occupant, esse vpsius Neritce puUos, Rimiphms
docet ; horum d/ucenta triginta qumque m mio specimine numeram,
ovaUa, convexa, extus luteo albida, wius alba, mohculis referta, cor-
puscula JuBc scepe abstergv/ntur, remanente in testa circulo ovali albo'
Nisi obstaret auctoritas exactissimi Rumphii ovula peregrini anim-
alcuU putarem. "
Melania oncoides. n. s.
M. t. fusiformi iwrrita spira elata, decollata, periostraca palli-
dissvma hitea aliquando induta, Imeis rufis, undulosis longitudina-
liter insignita ; am.fr. 6, convexis, declivibus, Uris spiralibus quatuor
regulariter cincUs, in spira Uris nodosis et obUque subplicatis, sutura
bene impressa ; apertvra oblongo-ovata, a/atice effusa, labro acuto,
labio calcareo.
Long. 20, lat. 10, long, apert. 9, lat. 7. Common in the creeks
near Bourke, Darling River. James Ramsay.
Shell fusiformly turretted, spire produced, decollate, sometimes
covered with a very pale yellow periostraca, marked longitudinally
with red undulating lines ; whorls 6, convex sloping, regularly
spirally girdled with four liree ; in the spire the liree are distinctly
nodose and obliquely subplicate, suture well impressed, aperture,
oblong ovate anteriorly effuse, labrum acute, lip chalky.
This Melania comes very close in form and coloring to
M. onca, Angas, which is found in the fresh water streams about
Port Darwin, N. Australia. The difference in this species are :-
1. It is much smaller. 2. Conspicuously lirate. 3. The plaits
are almost obsolete and rarely seen, except on the upper whorls.
6 THE PB0CEEDIN08 OF THE LINKEAN SOCIETY
As, however, all our freshwater shells have a very wide range,
this may be a variety, and the observed difiPerences are dae to
climate. The lat. of Boorke is about 30", or nearly 600
miles N, W. of Sydney. The habitat of Af. onca is from 14' to
12° S. of the Equator. I should mention, also, that the tropical
species is covered with a dark olive periostraca, while M, oncaides
has scarcely any, and of a light straw color.
EXHIfilTS.
Mr. Ramsay exhibited two species of Pigeon, Ghryscena victor
(Gould), and LavvproUa mctorioe (F. & H.), from Fiji. Also
various Crotons, showing remarkable variations in foliage and
color, from Duke of York Island, and two specimens of Hybrid
Goleusy a leafy arborescent Ewphorhia^ and a remarkable example
of Aralia JUicifolia (?) from the same locality.
MONDAY, 25th FEBRUARY, 1878.
W. J. Stephens, Esq., M.A., President, in the Chair.
DONATIONS,
The Secretary reported receipts from the Hamburg Society of
Natural History of their " Verhandlungen des Veriens fur
Natururissenschaftenliche Unterhaltung in Hamburg, for 1871-74
and 1875."
PAPERS RGEAD.
On a new genus of Milleforidje.
By the Rev. J. E. Tenison- Woods, F.G.S., F.L.S., Cor. Mem.
Lin. Soc, N.S.W., &c.
The family of Milleporidce were formerly included by zoologists
amongst the Zoantharia in an entirely different class from the
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 7
Acalephs, to which they are now referred. They are solid and
stony corals, as mnch so in fact as any of the reef-bnilding class.
They generally have a smooth surface, and are always withoat
any prominent calices, there being only very minute rounded
punctures over the surface from which the animals show them-
selves. Some of the principal reefs on the Carribean Sea are
mainly composed of Millepore corals. The cells in the zoothome
are divided parallel to the surface by very thin plates or tables, as
in the PocilUporcB and Fa/vodteSy and they were formerly classed
therefore with the other tabulate corals. The following was the
arrangement proposed by Messrs. Edwards and Haime.
Madbeporabia tabulata.
Gorallum essentially composed of a highly developed mural
system, and having the visceral chambers divided into a series of
stages by a complete diaphragm or transverse dissepiment.
Septa rudimentary, either uniting or at most represented by
processes extending more or less into the visceral chamber. There
are four families in this section. A. ccBnenchyma abundant.
1. Cellules or tubulae .foliaceous or massive MilleporidaB, 2.
Senatoporida : compact in arborescent tufts. B. Little or no
coenenchyma, the walls uniting with one another. 1. Fa/vositidoB :
walls lamellar. 2. Thecida : wall thick and compact.
1st Family Millepobid^.
Gorallum composed of an abundant tubular or cellular coenen-
chyma, distinct from the walls of the corallites. Septa, few ;
dessepiments well developed and numerous.
M. Agasiz has proved that these animals are not corals,
properly speaking, but an intermediate form of Acalephs
between the embryo and adult state of Medussd. The Millepores
afford, therefore, examples of coral-making by species of the
class Acalephs. The corals are solid and stony, with a smooth
surface without any prominent calices, there being only very
minute rounded punctures over the surface frcan which the
animals show themselves. They have no resemblance to true
8 THB PB0CBBDING8 OP THB LIVNBAK BOCIBTT
polyps. There is simply a fleshy tube with a mouth at the top,
and a few small rounded prominences in place of tentacles, four
of them sometimes the largest.
Abaghnopoba. New G^nus.
Zoothome parasitic spreading like a small thin web oyer other
corals.
Abaghnopora abgentea. n. s.
Zoothome spreading in a small extremely thin web, silvery
white, and in parts quite transparent, which are sparsely covered
with small silvery granules. The calices are all small very slightly
raised, rounded, on which septa protrude as three or six broadly
triangular teeth; calices irregular, but with a tendency to a
quincuncial arrangement. Length of zoothome 7, breadth 3 mil.
Calices like minute dots, barely discernable to the unassisted eye.
In this species the substance of the zoothome seems a quite
transparent membrance, on which there is generally a very close
arrangement of small silvery granules. It occurs parasitic on
corals, filling up half of the calice and spreading from opposite
septa just like a spider's web. It also spreads over the sides of
the costaB, where it appears just like a snail's track on which
some very fine white dust had been sparsely scattered. There
are no calices on the outside.
On a Nbw Species op Psammoseris.
By the Rev. J. E. Tenison- Woods, F.G.S., P.L.S., Corr. Mem.
Linn. Soc. N. S. W.
Plate L
In 1848, Messrs. M. Edwards and J. Haime published in the
Anncdes des Sciences Naturelles a definition of a new gen as
named HeterocyathtbSf which was referred to the second section of
the Turbinolian family of corals. The genus thus established
was meant to include simple cylindrical corals with a broad
attachment always to shells which the base often enclosed, with
OP NEW SOUTH WALES. 9
conspicnons ribs, circnlar calice, an essential colamella, exsert
thick granular septa, and lobed pali. There were only two species
in this genus, and one dependant upon a single specimen. They
were always fixed npon a trochoid shell, which the tissne of the
coral almost completely closed round in the course of its growth,
and the only sign of its presence was the circular aperture
which was always left for the mollusc thus imprisoned. Subse-
quently Mons. M. Edwards discovered that one of the species, in
spite of its pali and sub-entire septa which closely resembled the
type of the genus in which it was placed, possessed synap-
ticulsa, and should be separated, and placed in a distant family,
the FtmgidoB. Here, however, it was also out of place, because no
other genus of the family possesses pali. But the pali them-
selves are doubtful. They are lobed, and so are the septa, and
indeed hardly distinguishable from them. In 1850 Mr. J. E.
Gray added what he considered a third species to the genus.
This was Heterocyathus hemisphericus, described in the Annals of
Nat Hist for 1850 (Second Series, Vol. 5, p. 410.) It was
brought from the China Seas, and was thus described : — Corallum
extremely short, four complete cycles ; septa unequal, primaries
very thick, especially near the columella, the next in extent are
the fourth order, then the secondaries, then the fifth order
then the tertiaries, which are smaller than all the others,
all very close, but little raised, and the border feebly
arched. The two latter species have been erected into two
genera. One Psammosens, which is thus characterised : Corallum
of trifling height, fixed on a shell which it completely encloses,
except at the peristome ; wall thick, bare, strongly granular, and
scarcely striate beneath ; columella papillary, septa scarcely
prominent, thickly covered with very projecting granules,
penultimate cycle more developed than the last, and approaching
each other before the last. I confess that this description does
not appear very clear. The words in French are as follows : —
" Gelles (chisons) de Vavant dernier cycle heaucowp phis developpees
que celles d/w dernier et rapprochees enire elles au-devant de ces
demieres.* It would seem as if the third cycle was larger than
10 THE PBOCBEDINGS OF THE LINKEAN SOCIETY
the fourth, bat this is exactly contrary to the description of the
type species, Gray's Heterocyathtis hemispheiious, of which it is
especially stated that the tertiaries are the smallest. If the
orders were meant the description would be still more obscnre.
The species I have to bring before the notice of the Society
appears to me to be one that shoald be referred to Psammoaeris,
It is, however, very peculiarly distinguished by having the
union of the fourth and fifth orders in front of the third, and
the thickened lobate mass thus resulting unites again on each
side in front of the secondaries. It also has pseudo-pali in the
lobes, which spring from the septa, but they are many in number,
and in fact the septa alone would incline one to refer the species
to the AatroMgiaceoB, The union between the septa is effected by
small processes like synapticnlas, but the granules themselves on
the faces of the septa never seem to unite. The mode of junction
and the inclination of the septa recalls Eupsammidce, but the
wall is quite imperforate. There does not appear to be any other
resemblance except the junction of the septa. There is the
greatest difference between the various specimens in the
thickness and granulation of the septa. Some are so thick and
close that the granules almost touch, making the calicular fossa
seem like a regularly paved cavity ; others are thin, wavy, and
scarcely granular, having the rough fossa very conspicuously
uneven from the lobes of the septa.
PSAMMOSERIS CYLICIOIDES.
n. s.
Oorallum in general fastened to the mouth of a turriculate shell
(Mitra amanda, Reeve, M. hebes ^c, an unknown Terehra,
and some shells, which are quite covered except at the aperture),
base wider than calico, and more or less constricted between,
and all the exterior irregularly covered with fine granules ; calice
irregularly circular, fossa deep and wide ; septa exsert, in six
systems of four cycles ; primaries with the two fourth orders
and secondaries with the two fifth projecting above the edge in
closely adpressed sets of three septa, the higher orders diverge
from the first and second to meet before the third, and the
OF NEW SOrTH WALE8. 11
resulting tissae nniies at once to the second, which forms thence a
confased mass, sending np almost perpendicular lobes like pali,
which are very granular; columella only a few inconspicuous
papillsd at the base of the fossa ; laminsB of nearly equal thick-
ness, the primaries being free throughout, and only slightly
thicker; costsB conspicuous and distinct, corresponding to the
septa, and about equal for the three first orders, the fourth and
fifth being equal, small, and in some specimens only represented
by a line of granules ; intercostal spaces about equal, rather deep
and smooth.
Alt. 6, diam. 7. Princess Charlotte's Bay.
There is a remarkable peculiarity in these corals, which is, that
the granulations which cover the ribs sometimes extend a long
way upon the spire of the shell on which they grow even far
beyond other traces of the basal tissue.
Explanation op Plate I.
Fig. 1 . Corallum attached to shell, magnified 2 diameters.
„ 2. Corallum covering attached shell, magnified 2 diam.
„ 3. Calice of ^g. 1 ; 3 diam.
„ 4. One system of costaa ; 4 diam.
„ 5. One system of septa ; 4 diam.
EXHIBITS.
B. P. Bamsay, Esq., exhibited a very fine specimen of
Osteoglosstim LeichardUi (Barramundi), from the Dawson Biver,
Queensland.
MONDAY, 25th MARCH, 1878.
W. J. Stephens, Esq., M.A., President, in the Chair.
The Chairman introduced Captain Hutton, of the Otago
Museum, New ^ealahd, to the meeting.
MEMB&BS ELECTED.
E. Meyrick, Esq.; and C. Lentzner, Esq.
12 THE PROCXBDIKOS 09 THE LINNEAN 80CIETT
DONATIONS.
From the Hon. W. H. Sattor, Minister for Mines : Maps of the
Hartley Coal Fields, prepared by C. S. Wilkinson, Esq.,
F.G.S.
From the Melbourne University, Calendar for 1877-78.
From the Societe Entomologiqae de Belgiqne, Compte Benda,
Part 45 of Serie 11.
From Captain Hntton — Geology of Otago, by Hutton and XJlrich,
and the following by the Donor : — Nest and Eggs of some
New Zealand Birds ; Structure of Leaf of Phormium
Tenax ; New Zealand Flax and its manufacture ;
Mechanical Principles involved in the flight of the
Albatross ; Sailing Flight of the Albatross — Reply to J. S.
Webb ; Modifications of the Capsules of Mosses ; Moa
Remains from the Knobby Ranges ; Geographical Relations
of New Zealand Fauna ; New Zealand Sertularians ;
Relation between the Pareora and Ahuriri Formations ;
Contributions to the Ichthyology of New Zealand ; New
Zealand DelphinidsB ; Cause of the former great extension
of the Glacier in New Zealand ; New Starfishes ; Birds
inhabiting the Southern Ocean ; Zoology ; New Genus of
RallidsB ; New Tertiary Shells in the Otago Museum ;
Geological Structure of the Thames Gold Field ; New
Species of New Zealand Myriopoda ; Peripatus Novas
ZealandisB ; Younger Formations of New Zealand ; Date of
the last Great Glacier Period in New Zealand.
PAPERS READ.
Description of a species of Myiolestes, from Fiji.
By E. P. Ramsay, F.L.S.
Myiolestes nigrogulabis. *
Adult male. Crown of the head, mantle, and chest, ashy
greyish-brown ; back, wings, and all the upper surface of the
* Since the above has been in type I have ascertained that this Myiolestes has been
previously described by Mr. E. L. Layard, under the name of Lalaae nigrognlaris. I am
sure ornithologists will excuse me for not anticipating that Mr. Layard's " Lalaae" of
which I hsid not at that time seen a description, would prove to be a typical Myiolestes !
I leave the description as it may bo of use to ornithologists who may have been similarly
misled ; Mr. Layard's name of nigroffularis must, of course, stand.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 13
body and tail, brown, of an olive brown on the outer webs of
wings and tail, and slightly tinged with olive on the ramp and
apper tail-coverts ; under surface of the wing and tail-qoills
brown, the shafts of the feathers white ; the inner webs of the
primaries and secondaries on the under side narrowly margined
with pale reddish brown, lesser under wing-coverts and margins
of the shoulder below black, axilliaries whitish grey ; ear- coverts
slightly produced silky white ; lores, sides of the face and the
whole of the chin and throat extending to the chest and to
behind the white ear-coverts, jet black ; the black over the eye
extends on the sides of the neck and sometimes across the nape,
quite encircling the ashy grey of the crown of the head ; chest,
breast, and abdomen, ashy grey ; flanks and under tail-coverts
washed with olive or rufous brown ; the tips of all the tail
feathers slightly, and the two outer more distinctly tinged with
fulvous ; bill bluish horn color above and below, the inner
margins white to the tip.
Immaini/re males have the throat and sides of head and the
chest ashy white, a black line behind the ear-coverts in some
joins a black superciliary stripe extending from the black lores ;
the throat is mottled white and black. It is only in the fully
adult ( (? P) that the black extends across the nape.
Total length 8'3 in., wing 4 in., tail 3*5, tarsus 1'05, bill from
forehead 1*2 in, from gape 1'3, height 0*4.
Measurements of immature species, all marked as males : —
Inches.
Total length 8*5 8*4 ... 8*1
Yv in^ ... ... ... ... ^B ^ ... 4
JLail o§ o'ij ., o*o
Tarsus 0*9 1 ... I
Bill from forehead ... 1*1 1*15 .. 1*2
„ „ gape 1*2 1 ... 1*25
„ „ nostril ... 0*7 0*7 ... 0*8
„ in height 0*4 0*4 ... 0*4
I am by no means certain that the young of this species may not
prove identical with Mr. E. L. Layard*s Myiolestes maxima, but as
14 THE PB0CEEDING8 OF THE LIVNEAN SOCIETY
the only speoimen obtained by Pearoe was purchased from him
without his knowledge while he was at Levoka, I have,
consequently, no means of ascertaining whether they are distinct
or not. The y(nmg of this species would answer well with Mr.
Layard's description of M. maxima as far as it gfoes, but Mr.
Layard distinctly states his specimen to be a male ; now even the
young males in M, nigrogularis show black on the throat, which is
not mentioned in the description of 1/. maxima,
ViTiA RUFICAPILLA, Pcumsay,
In the same collection from which I obtained the above
described Myiolestea I also found fine specimens of ViMa
ruficapilla, which I observe has been inadvertently re-described
by Dr. Finsch, under the name Drymochcera badicejps.
EXHIBITS.
Mr. Masters exhibited albino specimens of the Common
Magpie, Gymnorhina tibicen^ Tropidorhyncus buceroides^ Olvmacteris
scandens, and Orallina picata, all differing very remarkably iu
plumage from the typical forms.
MONDAY, APRIL 29Tn, 1878.
W. J. Stephens Esq., M.A., President, in the Chair.
DONATIONS.
From La Societe Entomologique de Belgiquo : Compte Rendu
Serie II, Nos. 46 and 47 ; also, The Annals of the Society
for 1877.
From Baron F. Von Mueller : Vol. X. Fragmenta Phytographia
Australise.
Proai the Royal Society, Edinburgh : Proceedings 1875-76 and
1876-77.
From La Soci^t^ Hollandaise des Sciences ^ Haarlem : Archives
N6erlandaises des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles.
From the Auckland Institute, New Zealand : Report for 1877.
OF NEW SOtJTH WALES. 15
From the Rev. J. B. Tenison- Woods, F.G.S., etc.: On some
Australian Tertiary Corals ; Paleontological evidence of
Anstralian Tertiary Formation; Tertiary Deposits of Austra-
lia ; Some new Anstralian Polyzoa ; Census — with brief
descriptions of Marine Shells, etc.
From J. Brazier, Esq. : List of Land Shells — Fitzroy Island.
From J. W. Taylor, Esq. (the Editor), per Mr. J. Brazier : English
Quarterly Journal of Conchology.
PAPERS READ.
Note on a species of Therapon found in a dam near Warialda.
By William Macleay, F.L.S.
A few days ago I received from W. R. Campbell, Esq., of
Trigamon Station, near Warialda, three specimens of a Percoid
Fish of the genus Therapon.
Mr. Campbell states that they were taken from a dam a long
way back from the river, quite unconnected with any water-
course, and which had been dry a few months back, and he asks
very naturally how did they get there. Instances of a similar
kind are not uncommon. I recollect many years ago when the
Merool Creek was first occupied by Squatters, that fishes of con-
siderable size were found in newly formed dams and in ponds
which had been dry for years previously. These reservoirs were,
however, all in old watercourses, which had been at a former
period well supplied with fish, as the remains of Aboriginal ovens
testified, and it was thought probable that the fish so suddenly
appearing in these newly formed and filled reservoirs, might have
been preserved alive in the moist sand of the bed of the Creek.
This supposition might no doubt be correct as far as Merool
Creek is concerned, but it certainly cannot account for the fish
found in the Warialda Dam, for it is not near a watercourse, and
moreover the fish found in it are not of a kind capable of living
in moist sand.
I see no difficulty myself in the far more likely hypothesis that
the Ova of the fish are conveyed from one place to another by
adhering to the feathers of ducks or other aquatic birds. The
16 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
spawn of some fish float on the surface of the water, and the
viscous matter in which the ova are enveloped would in that case
inevitably cause some of them to adhere to the feathers of a bird
swimming on the surface. I have observed too that after a heavy
fall of rain following a dry season, wild ducks of all kinds will
in one night entirely desert the rivers and lagoons to which they
have been for months confined, and seek " fresh fields and pastures
new*' in the newly filled ponds, dams, and lakes of the back
country. It is a matter of almost certainty then, that, if it be
the spawning season of any species of fish whose spawn floats on
the surface of the water, ducks or other waterfowl will carry the
ova with them, and if the distance be not too great the transfer
will take place without desiccation or destruction of vitality.
The three specimens sent me by Mr. Campbell are evidently
young fish (about 4s inches long), and are I have no doubt of the
same species as is found in the waters of the Owydir, and of
several others of the northern rivers of New South Wales, and of
southern Queensland — Therapon umcolor Gunther, Catalogue
of Fishes, Brit. Mus., Vol I., page 277.
The Rev. J. E. Tenison- Woods observed that the sudden appear-
ance of fish in surface water derived from rain was a matter well
worth the attention of naturalists. In the south eastern district of
S. Australia there is a small fish named lap-lap by the natives,
which does not appear to have been described. It abounds in the
swamps of that extensive district, where there are no watercourses
properly speaking, but where the swamps drain from one to
another in very wet seasons as the country is a dead level and in
no place more than 300 feet above the sea. In this district there
are extensive tracts of desert, with here and there grassy patches
and swamps of water to which the sheep are taken to depasture
in the winter. In summer these swamps are dried and the sheep
are withdrawn to the home stations often 20 to 40 miles away.
Re remembered in 1861 having crossed one of the desert places
with a companion at the close of summer. They had ventured
to make a short cut overland by the aid of some very heavy rains
which had fallen during the same week. In crossing by an
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 17
abandoned hat where there was an extensive system of troughs by
the side of a swamp, they foand the troughs one-third fall and
literally swarming with Icup-lap fish about an inch or an inch and a
half in length. The troughs had not probably been used for two
or three months previously, and they could hardly doubt that they
had been filled by the rain for there were no traces of any sheep
having been there recently or of any visitors at all. He supposed
that the ova of this fish would bear desiccation without perishing
and that they had remained in the troughs until hatched by the
rain. He had often observed also that when the immense flats
of the Mosquito Plains, and the Muddy Creek heaths were inun-
dated in winter, that dray tracks or any little indentation of the
surface would become a channel along which the water slowly
ran. These were always stocked with lajp-lap^ though in this
case of course the ova or fry may have come from the swamps.
He had come to the conclusion that the ova of these fishes would
bear desiccation without perishing, and that they were often blown
about and carried considerable distances by the wind, in dust
storms, &o.
On a new species of Desmophtlltjm (P. qumaritm) and
a young stage of Gtgloseris sinensis.
By Rev. J. E. Tenison-Woods, F.L.S., P.G.S., Cor. Memb.
Linn. Soc.
BesmopJi/ylhim is a genus of Turbinolinas, which is specially
distinguished by the presence of an epitheca and the absence of
a columella ; the corallum is simple, generally fibted by a large
base ; the fosette is very deep, and the septa are very much
exserted, and stretch out like huge wings ; the last cycle is more
developed than that which precedes, and are often united to their
neighbours, of the higher orders, from which they slightly diverge
as they approach the centre ; the wall is bare, smooth below, and
presents some little crests in the neighbourhood of the calice.
The genus was originally established by Ehrenberg for a species
IS TH£ PB0CBBDIKG8 OF THB LIKKSAK 80CIXTT
of Madrepora of Esper. There are six species enumerated by
Messrs. Ed. and Haime, viz., D. cristagaUi^ Ehenb., D. Owningi,
E. and H., D. costatum^ D, dicmthus, Esper., D ? Stohem^ £. and
H., and P. tatmnense, Michelin. The latter is fossil. Prof.
Doncan has reduced the four first to mere varieties of one species,
for which he retains the name of D. crUtagdUi^ though it seems
as if Esper's name (D, dianthua) should be the one selected^ as it
has long priority (1797). The same author regards D. Stokem
as an immature form of the other varieties. He says {Madre-
poraria of the deep sea; Trans, Zool, 8oc, vol. 8, 1873, p, 321).
'' If the variations of the typical form of this species are studied, it
will be noticed that there are great difference in the position,
size, and continuance of the costad, in the exsertness and granula-
tion of the septa, in the height, compressedness, and size of the
base of the corallam, and in the granular ornamentation of the
outside of the wall in different specimens. The size, costal
developement and granular condition of the ornamentation of the
septa, and outside of the corallum, depend upon the age and
nutrition of the specimen. Very thin septa are not so granular
superiorly as those of corals, which have very thick walls, and
dense septa, and the costsB of the latter kind are usually most
prominent. At great depths, and where the Madreporaria appear
to be very abundant, the specimens of Desmophyllum are usually
very granular externally, moreover they become attached to
compound forms of corals, and both have the same ornamentation,
so that it is difficult not to believe in the Desmophyllum being
part and parcel of the growing mass. One specimen is attached
partly to broken specimens of dwarfed variety, with a small
calice, and without costad. Other forms are finely pedunculate "
(loc, cit),
I bring this character of variability prominently forward, so
that it may be seen what claims the present species has to be
regarded as distinct.
Desmophyllum quinabium, n.s.
Corallum much depressed, narrowed very slightly at the base,
and twisted; epitheca, coarse and irregular, with the costss
or HEW SOUTH WALI6. 19
appearing Hke somewhat sharp keels or ridges ; but in the odIj
specimen seen by me, the base is so incrosted with calareons
algSB in thin lameU®, that yery little can be seen below the edge
of the calicnlar margin; calice, sabpentagonal, bat irregular;
septa, very high and falcate, concentrically nndalately striate, in
fiye systems of three cycles, with the rudiments of a fourth ;
secondaries, thin in long arched lobes, which very mnch oyerhang
the edge of the calice ; primaries, tall and straight, not exsert,
bat reaching more towards the centre of the fossa than any others;
tertiaries, small, thin, nearly as mach exsert as the secondaries,
and inclined or caryed towards each other outside the wall;
fourth order present in two systems only as thin short exsert
lamelliB ; tubercles representing a fifUi order in one system ; fossa
deep and narrow ; wall diick and indented inwards by the side
of the primaries. Alt 10, width from the extreme ends of the
secondary septal lobes 15 milL Fiji 20 fathoms, from a bay near
Leynka^ Dr. Bayner. In the Macleayan Museum.
From the incomplete character of the septa^ on whic^ few or
no granules are yisiUe, it is eyident that this is only a young
specimen. There is, howeyer, nothing in the coral to giye rise to
the suspicion that the quinary arrangement is due to abortion.
The form is peculiar and exceedingly interesting, and no doubt '
when other specimens Bre found, the cbancien of the adult will
modify some of the diaracters which are now described.
Famify FusGiDje, Sub. Fam. Lofhoskbdub. Gemig Ctclosebis.
This genua, which, in addition to Hying species, extends as fiur
as the oetaoeoos rods as a fossil, is represented at pres^it by
0. qfdoUies, and 0. Juxagomdlu, and C. nmensis on the Barrier
redT of north eastran Australia. Only the fost has hithoio been
regarded as Australian. They ajre small ocmls, like mushrooms,
disfangnished from Fmrngia by the wall being neyiligr perforate
nor hi^id. In Offdcmens ihexe is no eptiheca. In C. eydoUlei
ihe disk is yeiy high in fRfoportion to its diameter; in
0. hezagomdUs it is extiemdy thin, larger ^hsm the last, and
hexagonal in the young stage. (7. sinensis is three times as'thick
as the last, though nearly as large. I doubt yery much whetiier
the two Bpeaen can be separated. They haye both from 7 to 8
20 THB PBOCSEDINOS OF THB LIKVBAN BOCIBTT
cycles, and are common on the coral rocks, and in sandy places
at from 10 to 20 fathoms. So little is known of the yonng stages
of any of these corals that I think it worth the notice of
naturalists to describe a young (7. smemis,
Corallum very small, quite circular, somewhat raised or
thick, base not quite flat but sloping very slightly to a circular
flattened disk, about half the diameter of the whole ; costee very
distinct, prominent, in cycles corresponding to the septa, and
agreeing in point of size, all very granular, and becoming a mere
set of detached granules in the central disk ; septa rather thick,
projecting beyond the margin, increasing in height to the edge
of the fossa, all closely and very prominently granular, and the
edges dentate in six systems of ^e cyles ; primaries free to the
fossa, and much thicker than the others ; tertiaries united to the
secondaries at the fossa ; fourth and fifth order uniting with the
tertiaries about half way ; all the orders of the fifth cycle present,
but the two last much smaller, and all much serrated at the edge ;
fossa small, columella represented by a few papillsB. Diam. 6,
alt. 2 mil. Princess Charlotte's Bay, 10 to 20 fathoms Ghevert
Expedition.
The flattened disk at the base of the corallum would seem
almost like a point of attachment. If the young stage of
0, sinensis is pedicellate, it hardly leaves any traces of its
existence in the adult state. The specimens under notice were
found free, so that the fixed state must belong to a still earlier
stage.
Oycloseris sinensis is said by Messrs. Ed. and H. to be a native
of the Chinese seas, and there is no mention made of any central
disk, which however is found on the lower part of every Australian
specimen. I have not been able to compare with any type
specimen, so that our Australian examples may after all be a
diflerent species. But the similarity is so close in every other
respect that I can hardly think this is the case.
EXHIBITS.
The Rev. J. E. Tenison- Woods, F.L.S., etc., exhibited seeds of
various kinds of Eucalyptus, and directed attention to the fact
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 21
•
that Eacalypfns seed had frequently been sold under fictitious
names, the seeds of common and inferior kinds having been
substituted for the more valuable descriptions.
Mr. Brazier exhibited a collection of stemums of Fowls dis-
playing the effect of different kinds of perches in modifying the
shape and curvature of the ridge. Mr. Brazier showed that
where the fowls roosted on a round perch the breast bone was
normal ; but those that roosted on flat battens had the breast bone
distorted.
Mr. Masters exhibited a Majaqueus Parhvnsoni or New Zealand
Petrel shot near Sydney Heads, and remarked that it was the first
recorded instance of this bird visiting the Australian Coast.
MONDAY, MAY 27th, 1878.
W. J. Stephens, Esq., President, in the Chair.
MEMBERS ELECTED.
Charles Jenkins, Esq., L.S., Yass, and T. Tenison-Woods, Esq.,
Sydney.
DONATIONS.
From La Societe Entomologique de Belgique : Compte Rendu,
Series II., No. 49.
papers read.
ON THE GEOLOGY OP YASS PLAINS.
By Charles Jenkins, Esq., L.S., Yass.
Plate VI.
In offering an account of some years' labor in the fossiliferous
strata around Yass, I must apologize for not giving at present all
the detail that may be desired. I find it impossible to accompany
this paper with the necessary plans and sections, the result of
surveys I have made, vrithout which minute description would be
unsatisfactory. I hope, however, in a future paper to supply the
information I am now compelled to omit, accompanied by draw*
ings of as many of the principal fossils as possible^
22 THB PB0CSBDIN08 OF THE LINNBUf SOCIBTY
It is chiefly of the beds exposed for three or fonr miles along
the course of the Yass river after it reaches the town of Yass
that I shall at present treat.
The Yass river enters the town of Yass on the east, then makes
generallj- a westerly direction flowing alike over hard and soft
rock, porphyry and shale, jnst as the dislocation of the strata had
marked out for it a coarse, which it has deepened and widened as
best it could.
Very interesting are the cliffs on each side. Now we have two
hills of porphyry of very different composition, facing each other
— the junction of the two porphyries being the bed of the river —
then seventy feet of shale and limestone, every vertical foot of
which will yield a rich harvest to the geologist. A little farther
and we have the section of a hill in which the strata broken off*
on each side are bent in towards the centre, making there almost as
acute an angle as the letter Y. Again, a little further, and the
strata are reversed, vertical, then contorted in the most varied
curves, and the former impure limestone changed into marble,
marked with pink and other colored stains in patterns of the
sections of the shells and corals it formerly contained.
The main course of the valleys on either side show a somewhat
different origin to that of the river. They are formed chiefly by
the scooping out of the softer strata, leaving ridges on each side
capped by the more indestructible rock. As the direction of the
dip of the strata is from 20° to 40° south of west, these ridges
that flank the valleys present to view in many places as you
turn east steep encarpments, and gentle slopes as you look
west. They bend round the igneous rock to the west of Yass,
forming part of a great curve, not, however, by an uniform
sweep, but by jumps, wrenched aside with a sudden twist and
interrupted by faults. These faults and twists have given rise
to smaller valleys and water-courses, which, in general, mark the
limit of the broken and intruded strata.
Wonderful things are those hard rocks that cap the
Humewood and Belle Yale ridges. In one place we have an
ancient Coral Reef, rich in the most varied Paleeozoic forms,
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 23
and differing, I imagine, from the Coral Reefs now forming, only
as PalsBozoic differs from recent Coral. A little farther, and if
you are fortunate in cleaving the stone you will have a surface
presenting a strange confusion, on which it will be difficult to
find a spot not occupied by one of the fossil forms of the varied
Ufe of the old seas. Another will yield hardly anything but
Trilobites, jammed together heads and tails so thickly as to render
it difficult to procure a perfect specimen.
I will now go back to our former starting point, and take the
Yass beds in the order of their deposition. Standing at the edge
of the igneous rock (a kind of syenetic porphyry) where the
river enters the town on the east side, and turning westward,
you will look straight aoross the fossiliferous strata, which here,
with intervening Porphyry and altered rock, have a breadth of
from four to six miles. The view across the strata is interrupted
by the range west of the town. The mass of this range is
Porphyry, This Porphyry naturally divides the sedimentary
rocks into two parts — that portion to the east of the Porphyry
bending in one direction to the south-east over the Yass Plains,
and in the other marked by the coarse of part of the Bango and
Fairy-hole Creeks, I propose to call the Yass Beds, That
portion to the west of the Porphyry, and bending to the south-
east over the Yass Plains, and in the opposite direction, west of
north, along a course marked by part of the Derringullen and
Limestone creeks, to about a mile above the junction of these two
creeks, I propose to call the Hume Beds — these beds being so
largely developed on the property that belonged to the late
Hamilton Hume, Esq., our great explorer.
Starting then on the edge of the Yass Beds, following the
river, we have first a few feet of altered strata, a thin layer
of limestone, then two feet of fossil bearing strata. Of species
obtained hence there are four Brachiopods, including a small
Lmgula and an Atrypa ; three Ghbsteropods, including one very
like Bellerophon a&atus ; an impression of a rather large
Orthoceras, and a number of very small things not made out.
Then follows some black, slaty-looking shale, cleaving readily
in the direction of the bed. These beds gradually become more
24 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEUT 80CIBTY
micaceous and gritty, with an occasional thin band of limestone
until they pass into hard compact grit, at a thickness of about
500 feet from the Porphyry. The upper and lower beds of grit
are separated by strata of greenish shale ; the lower grit is in
some parts thin, flaggy, and easily disintegrated, in others
compact and rudely jointed.
The lower portion of the grit is in some places full of cubical
crystals of oxide of iron. Some of the upper grit has been
quarried for building. It exhibits, in many places, distinct ripple
marks. The top course is, however, very hard, siliceous, coarse-
grained, and sometimes almost conglomerate, with signs of
altered condition. I have obtained no fossils from the grit.
The top of this upper bed affords a convenient means of
dividing the Yass Beds into two parts, giving to the lower
portions a thickness of about 700 feet.
The next division, the especially fossil bearing half, is best
studied by starting from the rock just described at a point where
it crosses the river, about a quarter of a mile further down. The
strata, after some thin, not very coherent, gritty beds, gradually
become calcareous, until they pass into a compact flaggy
limestone, just above the Spirifer Beds. The fossils found lowest
in this division were a Lingula and a TrochiMy succeeded
occasionally by an Orthonotus, and some ribbed Spirifers, until
at a thickness of about 135 feet we have a small band of black
impure limestone, nine inches thick, loaded with fossils.
This band at first contains chiefly several species of
Murchisonia and some of Loxonema, succeeded by a layer of
Spirifers, and these by a thin mass of Ptervnea and Modiolopsis,
Among the Spirifers we find here, however, there is no Spvrifer
Yassenda, That Spirifer cannot be obtained nearer than the
Devonian of the Murrambidgee, in which strata, at a distance of
about twelve miles from Yass, it abounds. A Retzia, Orthis, and
Orthoceras, were also found here.
I will now pass over some flaggy limestone ; two beds, from
3 to 4 feet thick, of compact sub-crystalline limestone, the latter
though full of fossils, yielding little ; and some Calcareous gritty
beds, to an impure limestone, from which many species have been
obtained.
OP KEW SOUTH WALES. 25
The chief fossils obtained from this rock were several species
of Spirifer and Atrypa, including Atrypa reticularis, and A,
aspera — a Strophom&na (dorsal valve ccmvex), a Bellerophm,
JSv/nema, EcculiomphulTM, Maclurea, and a large Heliz-like
Trochis, Among the Conchifers, a large Area-like species is the
most conspicnoas. Of Trilobites ; PhacopSf and OromiM, This
limestone, at Mylora, is overlay ed by a flaggy unfossiliferons
limestone. The whole thickness of the Yass Beds, near Yass, is
about 1,000 feet. Dip from 30° to 40° lower division. Dip
from 18° to 40° upper division.
We will now stop in our progress across the strata, and turn
aside a little to the south. Near one of the lower limestone
courses, beyond the town, I have obtained some very small
fossils that help to connect together the different parts of the
Yass Beds, and the Yass with the Hume Beds. A head of a
small sized Bronteus was found here. Peculiar to this spot is a
small, spherical, tuberculated Grlabella, having a very Devonian
aspect.
Hume Beds.
Grossing now the Porphyry, separating the Yass and Hume
Beds, and starting from where the latter cross the Yass Biver,
and following the westward course of the river to a steep cliflf,
then continuing in nearly the same direction across the beds, we
shall take the strata as before in the order in which they were
laid down.
These beds are naturally divided into four parts, which division
will answer our present purpose well enough. The first, from the
Porphyry to the river at the base of the clifl^ near the junction of
Boonu Ponds with the Yass River ; the second, from the river to
the top of the Coral Reef; the third, from the Coral Reef to the
Trilobite Limestone ; in the fourth, I have not as yet found any
fossils. We have first some laminated Porphyry, in which are
various fossils, among others encrinital stems of a Lower Silurian
type ; then a limestone, more developed and richer in fossils, at
the Derringullen and Limestone Creeks ; then a mass of
3ub-crystalline altered rock, traversed in one place by igneous
26 THB PBOCBBDINGS OF THB LIWBAK SOCIBTY
rock; then a limestone, composed of thin courses of hard
sab-crystalline nodules, weathering yellow, set in a blackish,
less pure limestone ; then alternations of shale and limestone to
the river. From this portion I have obtained the following
fossils : — Trilobites ; Chevnmis (PI. VI, figs. 6, 6 and 7) ;
Oalymene (PI. VI, fig. 4) ; Spherexochvs (PI. VI, fig. 2) ;
HomdlonoUis, Acidaspis, Ororrms, and Encrinurus. Brachiopods ;
Fentamerus, including (especially to be remarked) P. ohlongvs,
(PL VI, fig. 3), Airypa, Ehynchonella, Spirifera, Orthis, Lingular
and Discina, Gasteropods ; Mwrchisonia, Eiwrnphahis, and
Bellerophon, Conchifers ; Orthonotus, Modiolopsis^ and Pt&rmea,
The Fentamerus ohlongua is confined to about the lower two
thirds of this division. Ohewwrus becomes rare in the upper part ;
Oalceola is found all through. Especially remarkable is it that
near the top of this division are two bands of limestone of from
six to nine inches thick, containing fucoids. Crossing the river
at the bottom of a steep cliff, we have thin courses of nodules and
flags of limestone, often concretionary, alternating with shale,
which frequently shews the same concretionary structure,
gradually becoming more calcareous until it passes into an
absolute Coral Reef.
The shale of this division is the richest of any in variety
of species. The lower part especially abounds in Pentameri;
Atrypa is scarcely less abundant ; Atrypa desquamata especially
plentiful. Spirifera and Oalceola are equally characteristic of
this zone. Some of the Spirifers have a very sub-carboniferous
look and are like Spirifer glaher. Orthia elegantulaf and canaU-
culata, and a large Strophomena are only found here. The
Strophomena, like most of those in the Yass Beds, has the
Dorsal valve convex in the manner of Strophomena euglypha.
Cup corals are everywhere here. Of the wonders of the Coral
Reef at the top of this cliff, what shall I say P I have not yet
made out one tenth of the species. Among others there are,
however, Favosites Oothlandica, F. aspera, and Heliolites Inter-
stinctus ; all Silurian species.
The next division is characterised especially by the Trilobites
of the genera Ihonteus, Calymene, and SpherexochiLS, together
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 27
with a large Trilobite closely allied if not identical with Phacops
longi caudatus which occurs in the top beds. One Oalymene is
undoubtedly Oalymene dwplicata. The Spherexochua is almost
identical with Sjpherexochus mvrus as figured by Murchison.
Size of largest Oal/ymene 2^ inches in length.
Size of largest Spherexochus 2 inches in length.
The Trilobite in the upper bed (PL VI, fig. 1), which is an
impure limestone, is chiefly associated with a Fetraia Sofoe parts
of this limestone literally swarm with segments of this Trilobite.
I have, however, obtained one cast, rather mutilated, of the whole
body, and another whole Trilobite doubled up. The head segment
of this Trilobite is very like that of Dahnania plevroptyx as figured
by Dana, both in its general proportions and the direction of the
facial suture ; the furrows on the Glabella are straighter in Dana's
figure than on any specimen I have. D. pleuroptyx is a Silurian
species, though, like Phacops, Balmania is both a Devoni^^i and
Silurian genus.
These Trilobites attained a size of 5 inches in length exclusive
of the spinose caudal appendage.
As I have obtained no fossils in the next division and as after
attaining a thickness altogether of 2,000 feet these beds by
folds and faulls repeat themselves until they reach the Igneous
Bocks, I shall not at present trace them farther.
In comparing the results obtained from the Yass and Hume
beds, I think that there is sufficient evidence in the similarity of the
fossils to shew that they must both be classed in one formation.
I cannot speak of the exact number common to both, but there
are certainly among the Brachiopods — ^two species of Atrypa,
including Atrypa reticularis — several 6f the genus Spirifera,
including two plaited Spirifers, two of Strophomena, and one
of Betzia. Of Couchifers I believe several, including an Orthori'
oHs and a Ptermea ; a Murchisonia among the Gasteropods ;
of the Trilobites Brontevs and Oromus, There is no doubt
about the Oromus ; the Bronteus is, however, in the Tass beds so
small, and the markings so indistinct, that it is not possible to
speak with certainty, but what can be seen makes it probable that
it is identical with that found in the Hume beds.
28 THB PBOCBBDIKOS OF THB LINNBAN SOGIBTY
In contrasting these beds litliologioally, the large proportion of
grit dividing the Yass beds into snch unequal halves, and the
absence of those large limestone masses which form so prominent
a feature in the Hume beds, are the first things to attract atten-
tion. Then we have in the Hume beds an almost entire absence
of that somewhat symmetrically transverse jointed structure ex-
hibited in most of the Yass grit and limestone, and instead, a
preponderance of concretionary structure in limestone and shale.
Then as to the fossils — the absence in the Yass beds of large
corals generally, and especially of those masses which are so
remarkable in the Hume beds is also to be observed. The fossils
of the Hume beds are further distinguished by the number of
individuals, large size and variety of species and genera of
Trilobites, the number and variety of Pentameri, and by the
presence especially of Pentamems 6hlongu8 ; by the number and
variety of the genus Orthis, and by two layers of limestone
containing Fucoids ; also by their being distributed with an
approach to uniformity through a great thickness of strata,
whereas in the Yass beds all the fossils are collected in bands
which, if taken altogether, would not be more than firom 10 to
20 feet thick.
The character imparted to fossils of the Yass beds is due to the
great number and variety of plaited Spirifers, and the number
of Mwchisonia, Bellerophon and Pterinea, Peculiar to these beds
is also a Machirea, a large Helix-like Trochuts, an EcculiomphdkUf
and a small Trilobite, with a nearly globular glabella covered
with tubercles.
These differences of the fossils of the two series of beds cannot
however, as I think, be considered as altogether marking the
characteristics of the different geological periods. The local
conditions under which these deposits have been formed have
undoubtedly done much to produce the results we now see. When
the Yass beds were being laid down, there must have been at
least four principal changes of level, two of elevation and two of
depression, as evidenced by the double series of bands of grit
beds, separated by intervening shale. The waters were tolerably
troubled too during the deposition of some of these beds, for some
OF KBW SOtTH WALES. 29
of the npper limestone is full of lumps of shale. These con-
siderations may account for the absence of the larger corals, and
together with the fact 'that many recent species of Trochus,
AvicuLa and Oephahpoda are found between low water and 50
fathoms may explain why the first remains of the fauna of the
seas that succeeded the sinking of the old shore — now represented
by the grit with its ripple marks — should be such a group as we
there find of Modiohpsis, Avicula, Mv/rchisonia, and Orthoceras.
That the sinking was interrupted by periods of upheaval, seems
probable from the thin layer of sandstone covered with Aviculidce
that occurs above the strata of Spirifers and Ptermea. This thin
layer seems to explain a rather notable thing connected with this
Spirifer bed. Evidently, to my mind, these Spirifers were not
buried in the order their fossil shells now lie. From a foot
below the Spirifers to this sandstone layer everything appears
sorted. First we have a layer of irregular lumps, then one of
smaller lumps, often containing a Murehisonia, a Loxonema, and
an occasional Spirifer ; then a layer of almost nothing but Spirifers
as close together as possible, but scarcely an inch thick ; then
Ptetnnea two or three deep, but not making a thickness of half
an inch ; then smaller AvicuUdoB and sandstone. Does it not
seem probable that the temporary rising of the sea bed brought
the burial place of these moUusca within the action of the tide,
whose ebbing and flowing has sorted them in a manner that no
other agent but running water, as far as I know, ever does.
Now AS TO THE AgE.
It cannot be expected to establish in Australian geology the
minute subdivisions it has been found necessary to make in the
geology of other distant countries ; very unlikely, for instance,
that the same breaks should occur here as in England and
America. The division of upper and lower Silurian not arising
from local arrangements has been made out in all countries where
the Silurian system is at all developed. I therefore consider the
terms upper and lower Silurian can be used here. The Yass
Period, or the period of the deposition of the Yass and Hume
30 THB PBOCSBDlKas O^ TfiB LIKKBAN dOCIBTY
beds, I believe to be essentially upper Silnrian, and one portion
at least to represent the equivalent to the lower part of the upper
Silurian of other countries.
No fish bones have yet been discovered, so that at present the
Yass Period satisfies the requirements of the Silurian formula :
a Fanma represented by invertebrates, of which the Articvlata
are chiefly Trilobites ; and a Flora by Fttcoids. To the Trilobites,
however, we must look for the most decisive testimony. The
fact of Oahjmene ranging all through the fossiliferous portion
of the Hume beds, and Ghevrurus and Sjpherexochvs ranging
nearly through — these being exclusively Silurian genera, is
almost sufficient evidence in itself from which to class these beds
as not newer than the upper Silurian ; while the absence of any
Trilobites of exclusively lower Silurian genera affords a
presumption that they are not older, which presumption is
strengthened by the presence of 0. reticularis and Pentameri
The presence of the large Trilobite closely allied, if not identical
with Phacops cavdai/us and having no resemblance to the Devonian
species of Phacops — and of tHe Homalonotus which is not of the
characteristic Devonian type, all add force to the evidence afforded
by the frequent occurrence of the other Trilobites. The only part of
a Trilobite with a Devonian aspect I have found in the Yass beds
is the Globular Glabella. The variety of Orthidoe, of Silurian
species, as Orihis elegantula, helps to stamp these beds Silurian.
While the abundance of Pentameri, especially the presence of
Pentamerus ohlongus, support the inference that part of these
beds may rightly be considered to represent the lower part of the
upper Silurian . The presence of a Maclwrea must not be forgotten.
Pentamerus oblong us is especially relied upon by Sir Roderick
Murchison as determining the strata in which it occurs, in
Europe and America, to be the equivalent of the Llandovery of
the British Siluria. The Cheirurus found in these beds is
Oheirv/rus msignis, a Llandovery species. (Recherches, sur les
fossiles, Paleozoiques de la Nouvelle Galle De Sud, par L. G.
De Koninck). f
t The following is a list of fossils, which, in Professor Koninck*s work
already quoted, are classed as Devonian, and said to be found in the
OF NBW SOUTH WALBd. 31
Among ihe corals we have rmqaestionable Silurian species,
Favodtea Oothlandicay F, asper, Heliolites mterstincius.
The occurrence of hollow encrinital stems, a lower Silurian
type, gives additional weight to evidence in favour of one portion
at least being the equivalent of the lower portion of the upper
Silurian.
The presence of Oalceola and Atrypa desquamata cannot be
considered to outweigh the evidence drawn from the mass of
Silunian species among which they are found. Their presence
there is not so remarkable as was the finding, in Bohemia, in the
midst of Silurian species, of large-sized Ooniatites, supposed
before to be no older than Devonian.
To these reasons I will add, that in the limestone of the
Murrumbidgee, which in places is crowded with many plaited
broad winged Spirifers, I have found Spirifer Yassensis, Lejptoena
suhaequicostata, Loxonema anglicunif Niso Darwiniif species
determined by Professor Koninck from specimens forwarded to
him by the Be v. W. B. Clarke, to be established Devoniam fossils ;
but I have not found a sign of a trilobite nor one shell common
to both the Murrumbidgee limestone, and to the Yass and Hume
beds. I will not conclude without some reference to the igneous
rocks. They are all chiefly Porphyry, some very like Syenite,
and presenting on the hill tops a very granitic arrangement
of boulders. Other varieties are numerous, some with a pink
felspathic base, and several with rather large crystals of felspar
neighbourhood of Yass, but which are certainly not to be found in the
Yass or Hume beds. They will all, I have no doubt, be found where I
found those marked with an asterisk {*), that is on the Murrumbidgee, in
beds overlying uncomf ormably the Yass and Hume series.
Disdna Alleghania Orthoceras subdiminuatum
Chonetea Hardrensis Murchisonia Turris
LeptcBna nobilis Murchisonia VernvMana
JRhyncJionella Pleurodon Murchisonia Qran\fera
Spirifer multiplicatus Bellerophon convolutus
Spin/er Cabtdensis Pleurotomaria Subconica
Spirifer Lalisinuatus * Leptcena Suboequicostata
MUchella Striatula * Spirifer Yassensis
Nutica Cirriformis * Loxonema anglicum
Cyatoceras Woodsii * Niso Darwinii,
32 THB PBOCEXDIK08 Of THB UKirSUr 80CISTT
and Hornblende, and probably Pyroxene. That some of these
rocks are newer than the sedimentary beds is evident by the
altered conditions of some of the strata in contact with them.
Some may be of the same age, for in several places we have
the Porphyry enveloping fossils, while in others it is studded
with casts, which it has beaatifnlly preserved, while it has
destroyed the shells.
Of metals I will merely mention the &ct that Gblena has been
obtained in the Hume beds at Limestone Greek, near its juivction
with the DerringoUen, and near the Derringollen Greek, about
three miles from its junction with the Yass Biver.
In comparing the fossils of these beds with those of the
upper Silurian of other countries, the absence of Graptolites
is a marked peculiarity. There are, however, abundance of
Bryozoan and probably Sertularian forms. It will also be
noticed that there are wanting those large forms of GephsJopoda
which are usually found in some of the beds of that age.
This last fact seems of itself to point out how small a portion •
the Yass Period represents of the Silurian of New South Wales,
and how impossible it would be to attempt to fix the exact
position of these beds in the Silurian series, until other beds of
the like age have been examined as carefully as these have been.
Explanation of Plate VI.
No. 1. — Phacaps from the Limestone (Belle Vale Limestone),
upper bed of 3 division Hume bed.
„ 2. — Sprenochtcs from the Hume beds.
„ 3. — Fentamerus ohlongvs. Hume beds, lower portion.
„ 4. — Oalymene Dwplicata, Hume beds. (Lower Silurian,
Europe).
„ 5 to 6. — Oheirwrus. Hume Beds.
„ 7. — Oheinmis Insignia, Hume Beds.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 33
Descriptions of some new Fishes from Port Jackson and King
George's Sound.
By William Macleat, Esq., F.L.S.
Plates II, III, IV, V.
Family PERCID^.
1. — Sereanus guttulatus. PL II.
D. 11/15, A. f, L. lat. 96.
Body compressed ; the height one-third of the total length,
the length of the head the same, profile slightly concave ; eyes,
one and a half diameter apart, the same distance from the snout,
and seven times in the length of the head ; maxillary bone
reaching to the vertical from the posterior margin of the eye ;
prsBoperculum serrated on the posterior edge, and produced and
strongly toothed at the angle ; opercular spines flat, the upper
longest ; the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth dorsal spines longest,
the third anal spine longest, the second thickest.
The general colour is a pale yellow, with numerous small pale
red spots ; these spots are distinct on the head, but on the body
they are so thickly placed as to give the appearance of continuous
lines ; there are some whitish bars about the mouth and chin ;
the caudal fin is rounded and of a yellowish black hue, as are also
the ventrals ; the spinous dorsal is blackish ; the soft dorsal and
anal fins are also dark coloured with a broad yellow edge ; the
pectorals are yellow, and reach almost to the anus.
Length 14 inches.
A specimen of this handsome fish, the first I have seen, was
taken by the hook in Port Jackson, a few days ago. It seems to
have some resemblance in colouring to Serranus Awoara of
Temm. and Schleg., a Japanese fish ; but the formula of fins
is very different.
2. — Ch^todon ockllipinnis. pi. Ill, fig. 1.
D. 10/23, A. 3/19, L. lat. 50.
Height of body one-half the total length ; snout shorter than
the diameter of the orbit ; mouth small ; prsBoperculum strongly
serrated ; the fourth, fifth, and sixth dorsal spines longest, and
34 THE PBOCBEDINaS OF THE LIVNEAN SOCIBTT
nearly as long as the head ; soft dorsal and anal fins rounded
behind ; tail long and forked. Colour pale brown with six
black vertical bands, the first through the eye, the second behind
the operculum to the ventral fin, the third from the spinous dorsal
to the vent, the fourth from the beginning of the soft dorsal to
the anal, the fifth near the tail, and the sixth on the tail ; under
and a little in advance of the pectoral fin there is a large whitish
patch ; and on the soft dorsal and anal a large black whiteedged
ocellus, that on the dorsal extending from the third to the eighth
ray, and on the anal from the second to the fifth. Length of
specimen 3 inches, 4 lines.
From King George's Sound.
Family TRACHINID^.
isosillago. n. gen.
Body elongate, rather compressed ; cleft of mouth small ; eye
lateral ; scales very small ; spinous dorsal with 13 spines, con-
tinuous with soft dorsal ; ventrals thoracic ; lower pectoral rays
branched ; teeth on the vomer and palatine bones ; prsdoperculum
denticulated ; bones of the head with the mnciferous system well
developed ; 7 branchiostegals, PseudobranchisB.
This genus difiers from Sillago in the continuous dorsal fin,
smaller scales, and in having 7 branchiostegals.
3. — ISOSILLAGO MACULATA. PI. lY, fig. 3.
D. 13/20, A. 2/21, L. lat. 125, L. transv. 11/34.
Height of body eight times in the total length ; length of head
nearly one-fourth of same ; head rather convex in front of the
eye ; snout more than twice the diameter of the orbit from the
eye ; dorsal spines feeble, the second, third, and fourth longest,
the thirteenth short ; tail emarginate ; coloration pale yellowish
red with numerous black spots above the lateral line, and with
a few spots and a spotted interrupted black line below it ; fins
spotless. Total length nine inches.
From King George's Sound.
Family BLBNNIID^.
4. — Tripterygium marmoratum. pi. Ill, fig. 2.
D. 3/14/12, A. 22, L, lat. about 35.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. Sn
Height of body one-tenth of the total length ; head large and
nearly vertical in front ; teeth in front of lower jaw longer than
the others ; eyes close together with a deep groove between exten-
ding to the snout ; the first dorsal fin commences over the prsdo-
perculum ; the pectorals extend to the sixth anal ray, lateral line
not continued to the tail ; caudal a little rounded ; colour yellowish,
much mottled with black, particularly on and above the lateral
line; dorsal, pectoral and caudal fins with small brown spots
disposed in rows. Length 4 inches.
Three specimens, King George's Sound.
Family hABRIDM.
5. — Labbichthys nigromaeginatus. pi. Ill, fig. 3.
D. 9/11, A. 3/9, L. lat. 27.
A posterior canine tooth ; height of body one-third of the total
length ; head rounded between the eyes, slightly concave on the
snout, and covered with granules, with a very narrow line of scales
a little behind the eye, and a few large ones on the extremity of
the operculum.
The color in spirits is a greenish yellow, with the fins yellow,
the dorsal and anal narrowly edged with black, the pectorals
broadly tipped with black, and the three first rays of the ventrals
of the same hue. Length of specimen 11 inches.
Taken in Port Jackson.
6. — Trochocopus rufus. pi. V, fig. 3.
D. 12/10, A. 3/11, L. lat. 45.
Height of body one-third of the total length without caudal fin ;
all the teeth conical and strong ; head convex above and below ;
the eyes more than their diameter distant from one another,
and from the snout ; prsBoperculum finely serrated behind
and clothed with small scales excepting a narrow posterior
margin, and a broad inferior one ; dorsal spines short, strong,
and equal, shorter than the rays ; caudal fin truncate ; colour
greenish brown on the head, and bright red on the body and tail ;
the other fins reddish yellow ; the first three spines of the dorsal
fin with their membranes, and the tips of the other spines black.
Length 14 inches.
Two specimens from King George's Sound.
36 THE PROCBBDINaS OF THE LINNBAN 80CIBTT
In the serration of the predopercolnm, and the number of the
anal rajs, this fish differs from the generic characters given of
the genus Trochocopv^ by Dr. Ganther, but in other respects it so
closely answers to it that I have not thought it necessary to form
a new genus for its reception.
7. — Olisthbrops brunneus. pi. V, fig. 1.
D 17/10, A 11, L. lat. about 56.
Head entirely naked, the operculum terminating over the
pectoral fin in a triangular skinny flap ; second ray of pectorals
reaching as far as the sixth dorsal spine ; tail crescent shaped,
the two outer rays elongate ; height of the body one fifth of the
total length ; length of the head the same ; broad and flat
between the eyes ; colour almost uniform olive brown. Length
13 inches.
Found in Port Jackson.
8. — Heteroscarus castelnaui. pi. V, fig. 2.
D14/9, A 3/11, L. lat. 36.
Height of body one-third of total length ; head scaleless, pitted,
covered with small pores, and roundly pointed at the snout ; a
few large scales on the posterior part of the operculum ; upper jaw
protuding over the lower ; preBoperculum finely serrated ; the first
four 'dorsal spines longest, and terminating in a filament, but not
so long as in Heteroscai^us jUamentosus Casteln ; soft dorsal
and anal fins, enveloped at their base in a scaley sheath ; tail
slightly emarginate ; colour in spirits yellowish with some
brownish patches ; there are three narrow blue lines on the head —
one from the back of the eye to the angle of the operculum,
another below the eye in the same direction, and the third from
the mouth to the angle of the preeoperculum ; the soft dorsal and
anal fins are spotted. Length 8 inches.
Taken in Port Jackson.
] have named this species after the founder of the genus, and
the most distinguished of our naturalists — the Count de Castelnau.
Family CLUPEID^.
9. — Etrumeus Jacksoniensis. PL IV. fig. 1.
B. 16, D. 16, A. 13,
OF NBW SOUTH WALES. 37
Height of body one-sixth of the total length ; mouth small
snont rather pointed and not the length of the diameter of the
eye, which is one-third of the length of the head ; a thin
membrane entirely covers the eyes ; head with a broad depression,
and with a central carina extending from the occiput to the mouth;
anal fin very low, caudal forked, pectorals situated well behind
the vertical from the dorsal ; back dark coloured ; sides and
belly silvery. Length 6 inches. Caught by the hook in Port
Jackson a few days ago.
I regard this fish as distinct from the Japanese species
Etrumeus mtcropus. They differ inter alia in the number of the
dorsal and anal rays.
Family SCLERODERMI.
10. — MONACANTHUS GUTTULATUS. PL IV, fig. 2.
D. 82, A. 30.
Skin very finely granular ; greatest height of body about one-
third of the total length ; eye nearly six diameters from the
snout ; prpfile straight ; lower jaw protuding beyond the upper ;
dorsal spine above the middle of the eye, with four series of nearly
equal barbs ; pectoral fin situated beneath the anterior margin of
the orbit ; ventral spine very small ; tail rounded with four acute
rather small spines pointing backwards on each side of the root —
the spines yellow and placed on yellow spots ; the colour in
spirits is of a yellowish olive, densely marked all over with small
blue spots ; the mouth is black, and there are numerous blue
streaks on the fore part of the body — somewhat vertical on the
head, and horizontal on the thorax ; a raised black line near the
base of the dorsal and anal fins, and on the base a black scaley
sheath, with a yellow membranous line beyond. Length 10 inches.
One specimen from King George's Sound. In some respects this
species «eems to resemble Monacanthus Yagoi of Castelnau.
38 THB PBOCBBDIHaS OF THB LINIIBAK 80CIBTT
Notes on '^ List of Australian Birds,"
By B. P. Kamsat, F.L.S., Ac.
Anas oibberifronr, Mull.
Since offering some remarks on this species in my list of
An^tralian Birds, published in a former number of these
" Proceedings " (see Vol. II, pt. 2, p. 209), I have, through the
kindness of Captain Hutton, Curator of the Ota^ Museum, N.Z.,
been enabled to examine a specimen of Anas gibherifrons (MuU.),
shot in the Wellington district, in New Zealand.
At first sight there appears no appreciable difference between
the New Zealand Bird, and the female or young male of our
N. S.W. Anas castanea (A. punctata, Gk)uld. Bds. Aust., VoL Vil,
pi. 11) ; in fact the birds might readily pass for one and the
same species. On close examination, however, I find that the
feet are smaller, the length of the toes being less ; the shield or
flattened portion of the bill at the forehead is also smaller,
narrower, and its lateral margins meet the culmen sooner, or at
a greater angle, in the New Zealand Bird than in the Australian
A. castanea. The width of the shield in A. gibherifrons is 0*3,
width of culmen between nostrils 0*15 ; the shield in A, castamsa
is 0*43 in width, and the culmen between the nostrils 0*22.
In A. castanea the tarsus is 1*55, and the middle toe 1*85 ; in
A. gibherifrons the tarsus is 1*25, and the middle toe 1*7. These
proportions will of course vary in different individuals and sexes,
and are therefore, on the whole, of little importance.
The only other difference I notice is the width of the white or
buff margin of the secondaries, which is wider in the Australian
than in the New Zealand species.
Perhaps when a large series of the New Zealand birds be
examined these differences may be found to be constant, if not,
then I am afraid the Anas gibherifrons of Muller and A, castanea,
liJyton, are one and the same species. It is stated that the adult
males of A, gibherifrons resemble the females in plumage, but so
few have fallen into the hands of naturalists that this point has
by no means, been satisfactorily determined. Although it is rare,
even in districts frequented by our Australian Teal, to obtain
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 39
adult males in full plnmage, yet when the breeding places,
and strongholds of the New Zealand bird be found, adult males
in the summer plumage, resembling that dress of the N. S. W.
birds, may nevertheless be procured. I trust some of our New
Zealand ornithologists will give this matter the attention it
deserves, for it will be important to note the form of the sierwwm,
and i/racheay with its hvRa ossea, both in the male and female.
In Anas castanea the hulla ossea is said to be found in both sexes.
(See P.Z.S., 1871, p. 649).
Gerygone plavida, Bamsay. P,L.8,f KS.W., Vol, IL, jp, 53.
I have lately seen specimens of a Gerygone fipom the North
East Coast, which seem to indicate that my Gerygone flavida is
only the female of Mr. Gould's Oerygone personata ; but notwith-
standing the great similarity in size and plumage, further proof
will be necessary, as we have lately received the adults, male and
female, of O, flcmda, shot on taking their nest and eggs, and three
males examined are exactly alike in plumage to the female ; but
it is not improbable that the young males of O. personata
resemble the females in plumage, and breed before attaining the
adult male livery. No specimens, however, in the plumage of the
adult (^ of 0. personata have been obtained yet from Bockingham
Bay.
Additional New Species, tScc. HdbUat.
CuAcrncus spaldingi, Masters. , P.L.S.,
N.S.W., Vol. n., p. 271 ... .
EoPSALTRiA NANA, Romsay., P.L.S., N.S.W.
vol. -LX*! T). 0/«> ... ... ... ... ...
PniiOns GERMAN A, Bamsay, P.L.S., N.S.W
V VM JLJL^S « f^* ^ ••• .••• »«• ••• •••
Port Darwin
Rockingham Bay
Islands of Torres Straits and
S. Coast of New Guinea
Majaqueus parkinsoni, Gray., Voy. Ereb.
and Terr East Coast of Australia
ZosTEROFS WESTERNENSis, Quoy et Gaim. Voy.
Astrol., PI. 11, fig. 4, Zool. Ois., p. 215 ... West Australia
= ? Zosterops gouldU, from same Habitat
40 THE PBOCBSDINGS 07 THS LINKBAN 80CIBTT
Corrigenda.
No. 190 for E. oriseooularis, OovMt* read E. guloris, Quay et Gcwmard,
191 ,, E. ouLARis, Qwoy et Ocum., read K georgiaiia,+ Quay et OainL
565 „ ** OFTHALMicns, " read ophthaknicas.
577 M "monarchus," read monachuB.
658 Foot Note.* For P.Z.S., 1871, p. 65, readp, 649.
703 for "ACQUiLUS/'reoc^aquiloB.
>>
>»
>»
It
tt
Memoranda.
No. 588 = Tringa crassirostris. Tern. <fc ScMeg.
595 = R. NOV-ffl-HOLLANDi^ VUiUoty N. Did. d'HUk Nai. III.,
p. 103 (1816).
606 = Falcinellus igneus, Lath.
607 = Carphibis spinicollis, Jameson.
,, 608 = Ibis -«:theopicus, Lath.
638 = HYPOT-fflNiDiA AUSTRALis, A. von. PelzelUf IbiSf 1878, pp. 42, Jfi,
= H. philippensis, Bp. = Rallus pectoralis ; Oould, Bds.
Au8t. VI, pi. 76.
668 See Coties, Proc. Nat. Hist. Phil., 1872.
685 = ? S. PARADiSEA, Brunn. == ? No. 681 (S. dougallij
704 = ? M. BQUiNOCTiALis, Linn.
it
»»
tt
tt
)>
»»
EXHIBITS.
Drawing of Trilobites, from Yass Plains, by C. Jenkins, Esq.
Photographs of Brachiopods, exhibited by Rev. J. B. Tenison-
Woods, F.G.S.
Lithographs of Fishes described by the Hon. W. Macleay,
F.L.S.
Painting of Monacanthvs grcmulosvs by the Hon. W. Macleay,
F.L.S.
Specimens of Anas gibherifrons, by E. P. Ramsay, Esq., F.L.S.
Mr. Macleay drew attention to a Paper read lately before the
Linnean Society of London, by Dr. Manson, " On the Mosquito
considered as a Nurse," in which it is shown that disease caused
by a Filaria, not uncommon in hot climates, results from drinking
♦ Gould, P.Z.S., V, p. 144 (1837).
+ Q. et Gaim., Voy. L'Astrol. Zool., p. 175 (1830).
OF NEW SOUTH WAXES. 41
water containing the excreta of Blood-sucking flies ; and that
one portion of the Life History of the Filaria is passed in the
body of the fly from which, by one means or another, it
makes its re-entrance into the human body.
MONDAY, JUNE 24th, 1878.
The Hon. W. Macleat, F.L.S., in the Chair.
MEMBER ELECTED.
Mr. Fbench, of the Botanic Gardens, Melbourne.
Donations.
From the Boyal Society of N. S. W. : Journal and Proceedings
for 1877.
From the New Zealand Institute : Transactions and Proceedings
for 1877.
From Harward College, XJ. S. : Bulletin of the Museum of
Practical Zoology.
From Dr. Schomburgh : Catalogue of the Plants in the Botanic
Gardens, Adelaide ; Report of the Botanic Gardens, Adelaide.
From La Society Entomologique de Belgique : Gompte Rendu
Serie II, No. 60.
Phylloxera Vastatrix, by K. I. Staiger, F.L.S., Bsisbane.
Pituri and Duboisia, by Dr. Bancroft By the authors.
PAPERS BEAD.
Notes on the Fishes of the Norman River.
By Count F. de Castelnau.
The Norman River flows into the Gtdf of Carpentaria, and a
small settlement has of late years been formed on its banks,
about twenty miles from its mouth.
42 THE PBOCBBDINGS OF THB LfNNBAV 80CIBTT
Mr. Gulliver, who has resided two years in this settlement, and
has done much for the zoology of that remote part of Queens-
land, has sent me two collections of fishes from this river, and
Mr. Staiger, the curator of the Brisbane Museum, has placed
in my hands a collection he had also received from the same
collector. I have thus been able to determine twenty-five sorts,
the greater part of which appears to me to be new. They are
as follows : —
Lates calcarifer, Bloch.
Pseudoambassis Mdcleayi, Cast.
„ elongatiM, Cast.
Accanthoperca gulUveri, Cast.
Oullw&ria fusca, Cast
„ fasdata, Cast.
TKerwpon fasdai/iis, Cast.
„ terrcB-regincB, Cast
„ caudovittatus ? Richard.
Oorvma albida, Cuv. Val.
Scatophagus mullifasciatus, Rich.
Toxotes carpentaHensiSf Cast.
Kurtus gvllwerij Cast.
Feriophthalmus australis, Cast
Gohius sauroides, Cast
Eleotris simplex, Cast.
„ planless, Cast
Mugil dohula, Gunther.
„ compressus, Gunther.
Ariua atistraliSf Gunther.
Ploto8U8 elongattis, Cast
Belone krefftii, Gunther.
Engraulis aasutus, Cast.
OhatcBsstLs erebi, Gunther.
Leuciscus australis, Cast.
Lates calcarifer.
Lates calcarifer, Bloch., pi. 244.
Lates nobilis, Cuv. Val., vol. II, p. 96, pi. 13.
Holocentrus heptodactyhis, Lacep., vol. IV, p. 391.
OF NEW SOUTH WALB8. 43
The prsdopercle presents at its angles a strong acute spine and
three others rather smaller helow this ; this fish has been known for
many years, from the mouths of the great Indian rivers, but it is
onlj lately that it has been discovered in some of the Queensland
rivers. * It is found in the Fitzroy river, and is known at Rock-
hampton under the name of Burrumundi, which name also has
been erroneously applied to the Geratodus of the Burnett river. It
attains enormous proportions and is second in size to none of
the Australian fresh water fishes except perhaps to the Murray
cod (OUgoTus macquariensis),
Mr. Gulliver has discovered this sort in the Norman river, and
has sent a large specimen to the Brisbane Museum.
PSEUDOAMBASSIS.
I propose this name for some small fishes closely allied to
Amhassis, but having no recumbent spine in front of the dorsal.
They seem to be rather numerous in the northern parts of
Australia.
1. — PSEUDOIMBASSIS MACLEAYI. sp, TlOV,
Upper profile high, and convex in front of the dorsal ; the two
limbs of the prseopercle strongly serrated ; the upper one on the
angle (three or four spines) and on the lower edge ; the lower one
on all its length ; the spines of the inferior edge the largest, and
directed backwards ; the lower edge of the opercle also lined
with similar spines ; two lines of scales on the cheeks ; the height
of the body more than one half the total length without the
caudal fin ; scales large, numbering about thirty on the longitudi-
nal line, and sixteen on the transverse one ; first dorsal with seven
spines ; the first of which is very short, the second the longest, and
nearly as long as the head ; the second dorsal with a very long
and straight spine and ten rays ; caudal very strongly bifurcated,
with the ends pointed ; anal with three strong spines, of which the
third is rather the longest, and ten rays ; the colour, after having
been in spirits, is of a uniform light brown, with the fins yellow.
Numerous specimens, the largest being under two inches^and a
half long.
* P. Z. S., 1870, p. 824.
44 THE PROCBBDIVOS OF THS LIVNBAK 80CIBTT
I have mnch pleasare in naming this sort after Mr. W. Maoleaj,
who bearing the name of one of the most illostrions natoralists of
the century, has himself done so much for the zoology of Australia,
and who most nobly devotes a large fortune to promote the
knowledge of the productions of his adopted country.
2. — PSEUDOAMBASSIS ELONGATUS.* «p. flOV,
Form elongated; upper profile little convex ; two lines of scales
on the cheeks ; upper limb of the prseopercle very finely serrated
on the comer (four or five) and on the lower edge ; the lower
limb only serrated on its lower edge ; the caudal strongly
bifurcated with the ends pointed ; the general colour ms grey
without any yellow tinge.
Several specimens not much over one inch long.
ACANTHOPEROA. nov, gen.
One dorsal formed of two equal parts and received in a scaley
sheath on the back ; scales rather large ; opercle ending in an
acute angle over the base of the pectorals ; prsBopercle having
two ridges ; the upper one having two blunt spines at its lower
angle, and the lower one being straight at its posterior edge, but
strongly serrated at its angle and on its lower edge ; prssorbital
strongly serrated ; teeth villiform in both rows, and a few very
fine ones on the palatine bones ; mouth rather extensile ; max-
illaries extending as far as the anterior third of the eye ; lateral
line continuous extending on the base of the tail ; dorsal having
its two portions about equal ; the spinous formed of seven
strong spines, the first being very short, the second very long
contained only about twice in the height of the body, the others
going shorter ; the soft portion begins by a long, straight spine,
nearly two-thirds as long as the second of the spinous part ; the
rays number ten, and go on decreasing in height as they extend
backwards ; caudal strongly bifurcated ; anal with three spines,
the first of which is short, the second very large, flat, sword-like
* The Ambassut papuensis, Macleay Proc, Lin. Soc. of New South Wales, Vol. I, p. 226,
pi. V, fig. 4, forms a third sort of this genus. It is very much like my first sort but quite
distinct. The profile is less elevated ; there is only one line of scales on the cheeks ; the
prseopercle has only one strong spine at its angle ; the lobes of the tail arc rounded ; it has
a general orange tint on the dried specimen.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 46
and very pointed ; the third more slender and shorter ; the rays
nnmber nine ; the ventrals have a very strong sword-like spine ;
the pectorals are rather long.
This genus has mach the form of AmbassiSf bat there is only
one dorsal.
ACANTHOPERCA aULLIYEBI. sp. nOV,
Form compressed, high, strongly arched on the upper profile
behind the head ; the lower jaw longer than the upper one ; eye
large, contained three times and a half in the total length of the
head ; height of body twice in the total length without the tail ;
lateral line arched and extending on the base of the tail, covering
about forty scales, the transverse line of about twenty scales.
The specimens are in a dry state, and I can say nothing of the
colours except that there are on the back traces of longitudinal
black lines.
My largest specimen is about eight inches long.
GULLIVBRIA. nov. gen.
Teeth on both jaws very numerous, short, conical, pointed,
swollen and rounded at the base, placed irregularlyandcrowded; no
canines ; tongue smooth ; an angular line of teeth on the palate ;
prsBopercle either without any denticulations or with very feeble
ones ; opercle with a flat soft spine ; two dorsals ; the first with six
spines, the second with a long spine ; anal with two spines ;
general form oval, compressed ; scales moderate or rather large ;
lateral line continuous, not extending on the caudal ; maxillaries
extending to the posterior edge of the eye ; opening at the mouth
rather oblique.
This genus belongs to the Percid^.
1. — GULLIVERIA FUSCA. 5p. nOV,
Body oval, rather elongate ; contained nearly three times in
the total length without the caudal fin ; head twice and three
quarters in the same length ; eye three times and three quarters
in the head ; snout as long as the diameter of the eye, obliquely
truncated in front, shorter than the lower jaw ; upper part of the
head with strong and deep impressions ; all parts of the head
46 THJB PROCEBDINOS OF THB LINNBjLN SOCIKTT
covered with scales ; lateral line nmDing over abont foriy scales ;
these rather large and ciliated on their edges ; first dorsal placed
over the middle of the length of the body, having six strong
spines of which the first alone is very short, and the second the
longest ; . the sec9nd dorsal is well separated from the first ;
it is formed of one slender spine and ten rays; the caudal
is rather long and truncated ; the anal has two spines, one very
short, and one long and slender, and nine rays ; the ventrals have
a strong spine and are situated below or a little in front of the
pectorals ; colour entirely brown. Length a little over four
inches.
2. — GULLIVERIA FASCIATA. Sp, TlOV,
Body a little more elongate than in 0. fusca ; lower limb of
the praeopercle distinctly serrated ; back of a light brown colour,
lower parts of silvery ; four black transverse bands extend from
the back to the side ; one below the first dorsal, one below the
second, another on the middle of the tail, and the last on the end
of this organ. Length a little over three inches.
Therapon fascutus, Oast.
Thereupon fasciatus, Cast. Researches on Fishes of Australia,
1876, page 11.
I described this species from a specimen from the Sv^an river,
but I find several in Mr. Gulliver's collection from the Norman river;
these are preserved in spirits and in a much better state than those 1
had seen previously. I find that the dorsal has, apart from the
twelve spines of its first portion, a long straight one belonging to
the soft part ; the caudal has its lower edge black and three very
faint transverse bands. The transverse bands of the body
extend to about two thirds of its height.
Therapon terrji-regin^. Cast.
Therapon terree-reginoBy Cast. Proc. Lin. Sec. N. S. W., vol. II,
page 227.
The specimen on which I formed this species is not now in my
possession having been returned to the Brisbane Museum, so I
cannot compare the specimens that I have from the Norman river
with the type ; but 1 have very little doubt that they belong to the
OF NEW SOUTH WALBS. 47
same species ; the soft dorsal seems to be subject to considerable
yariation in the number of its rays, as in a large specimen I find
ten, in others nine, and in one only eight.
This species is nearly allied to Therapon a/rgenteus of Cuvier, on
which this naturalist formed the genus Datnia.
Therapon caudovittatus.
There is a rather large specimen dried and in a very bad state
that seems to belong to this species.
CORYINA ALBIDA, Owv.
Oorvina albida, Cuv. Val. vol. V, page 93.
„ „ Gkinther Cat. vol. II, page 309.
I was much surprised to find this Indian and Chiuese species
in a river of northern Australia. It attains a considerable size
but this specimen is only twenty inches long. It is remarkable
for the very large, sword-like spine of its anal fin.
SCATOPHAGUS MULTIFASCIATUS, Bich,
Scatophagus muUifasciatiiSy Richard. Ereb. and Terr, or, p. 57,
pi. 36.
In the specimens from the Norman river the spines of the first
dorsal are alternately very broad or slender. I had for some time
thought these formed a distinct species, but this fact is observable
in several other fishes of the same family. If this distinction
proves to be constant I propose to distinguish this sort under the
name of 8. altermcms.
TOXOTES CABPENTARIENSIS. Sp. nov.
Resembles very much T. jaculator, and still more T, microlepis,
but the dorsal is a little more forward, as by a perpendicular drawn
from its base, the pectoral would be cut at more than one-fourth
of its length ; this dorsal is much lower, the longer spines being
contained three times and three-fourths in the height of the body ;
these spines number six, all slender ; the third and fourth being
the longest ; the rays number twelve ; the caudal is forked ; the
anal has three feeble spines and sixteen rays ; the length of the
snout considerably less (two thirds) than the space between the
48 THE PBOCEEDINaS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIBTT
orbits, or very little more than the diameter of the orbit. Having
seen only one specimen nine inches long, preserved in salt, I can
say nothing of the colours.
NoTB.— There are in the collection two very young epedmeng, about an inch long, that I
believe to belonsr to this sort ; they are preserved in spirits and show distinctly four Inroad
transverse dark bands on the body.
KUKTUS GULLIVERI, Cost
KwrtuB gulliveri, Oast. Proa Lin. Soc. of N. S. W,, voL II, p. 233.
This carious fish was found by Mr. Gulliver in a fresh water
pond near the Norman river.
Periophthalmus australis, Oast
Periophthalmus australis, Cast. Researches Austr. Fishes, p. 22.
Several small specimens about two inches long ; having been
in spirits, the colour is slatey gray, with the belly white.
GOBIDS ? SAUROIDES. 8Jp. nov.
It is with some doubt that I place this fish in the genns Oohvua,
It has the form, and nearly the dentition of a Saurus. The
body is elongate, its height being contained five times in the total
length, without the caudal ; the head is three times and a half in
the same ; the eyes are small and directed upwards ; the lower
jaw is considerably longer than the upper one ; on this there are
two lines of sharp, elongate, conical teeth, the inner one directed
backwards, and the outer one formed of rather strong canines
placed at some distance from one another ; on the lower jaw
there is in front, a line of large, strong, curved canines, and on
the sides a double line of them ; numerous depressions cover the
upper side of the head, which is entirely naked, except on the
upper part behind the eyes where the scales are small ; on the
body there are thirty seven series of scales on the longitudinal
line ; these are large, angular, ciliated, and covered with striee ;
and also several series of small ones at the end of the tail ; first
dorsal with six spines, second with eight rays ; anal with ten ;
the second dorsal and the anal have their last rays prolonged ;
caudal rather long, pointed ; the ventrals separate except at the
base and placed on a disk ; pectorals extending to the twelfth
line of scales ; the scales on the lower side in front of the ventrals
OF NBW SOUTH WALB8. 49
are very small. The colour, after having been preserved in
spirits, is of a light yellow brown, darker on the upper surface ;
the fins except the ventrals and pectorals^ have lines of small dark
spots. The specimen is seven inches long.
EjjEOtbis simplex, sp, nov.
Enters in Gunther's division, characterised by scales rather
large ; snout short, depressed ; general form a very long oval ;
snout flat on its upper surface, shorter than the diameter of the eye ;
aperture of the mouth rather oblique ; maxillaries much shorter
than the anterior edge of the eye ; head entirely scaley except on
the snout ; height of body contained four times in total length
(without the caudal) and equal to the length of the head ; body
scales large, about twenty-eight on the longitudinal line ; they are
finely striated on their surface and ciliated on their edges ; first
dorsal of six rays or soft spines ; second of one spine and ten
rays ; the last of these are high, and extend considerably further
than the base of the caudal, which fin is pointed ; anal having
the same form as the second dorsal with one feeble spine and ten
rays.
The only specimen is preserved in liquor ; it appears to have
been yellow with the dorsal, caudal and anal marbled with brown.
Three inches long.
Eleotris planiceps. sp. nov.
Belongs to the division characterised by scales large, snout
broad and flat ; eight series of scales between the origin of the first
dorsal and the anal ; height of body contained three times and
two-thirds in the total length without the caudal ; head very flat,
covered, except on the snout with minute scales ; the eye is small
and contained nearly six times in the length of the head ; the
lower jaw is rather prominent ; the maxillary extends to nearly
the verticle from the posterior margin of the eye ; teeth villiform
in broad bands on both jaws ; body covered with large scales,
numbering thirty three on the longitudinal line ; the body is very
convex with the tail long ; first dorsal low, of six rays ; the
second dorsal higher of nine rays ; the caudal long and pointed ;
50 THB PROCBBDINGM OF THB LINNXjIlN SOCIBTT
anal with one spine and eight rays ; pectorals extending to the
base of the anal ; preserved in liquor the fish appears black with
the fins lightly marbled with yellow.
The specimen is three and a half inches long.
MUGIL DOBDLA, Quuth,
Mugil dohula, Gunth. Cat. vol. Ill, page 420.
Head moderately broad ; body of a long oval ; pectorals not
extending to the perpendicular drawn from the base of the
dorsal; an adipose eyelid. This species has been observed in
several rivers in New South Wales.
Mugil compressus, Otmih,
Mugil compressus, Gunth. Cat. vol. Ill, page 49.
Body very much compressed, very high at the base of the first
dorsal ; head nearly pointed ; no adipose eyelid.
Inhabits also the rivers of New South Wales,
Arius australis, Ounth.
Arius australis, Gunther Proceedings of the Zool. Soa 1867,
page 103.
The largest specimen is about seven inches long ; the caudal
is very strongly forked ; general colour silvery ; the upper parts
scaley.
NoTB.— The specimen described by Dr. Gunther was much larger, and came from the
Hunter river.
Plotosus elongatus, Cast.
Plotosus elongatus. Cast. Proceedings Lin. Soc. of N. S. W.,
'. vol. II, page 237.
•
Two specimens about eight inches long ; colour of a dark
brown with the lower parts silvery.
Note. — There are also several very young and immature specimens of a SUuroid belonging,
I believe, to the genus Plotosus but having the end of the caudal slightly rounded and not
prolonged as in the preceding species.
Belone krefftii, Ounth.
Belone krefftii, Gunth. Cat. vol. VI, page 250.
A very large sort, remarkable for its compressed tail ; the head
is contained twice and a half only, in the total length without the
caudal fin. The largest specimen is over 22 inches long.
,y
OF NfiW SOlTTA WALES. 51
Engraulis nasutus. sp. nov.
Height of the body contained rather more than three times in
total length without candal ; the head foor times and a half in
the same length ; snont obtuse produced projecting considerably
beyond the lower jaw ;* teeth very fine on both jaws ; maxillary
considerably prolonged ; origin of the dorsal fin at the centre of
the body without the caudal ; this fin is strongly forked ; there
are twelve rays at the dorsal ; anal long, formed of 32 rays,
extending considerably behind the dorsal ; abdomen compressed
and entirely spiney ; I can say but little of the colours of this
species, of which I have only seen one adult specimen seven inches
long, but I have a small specimen preserved in spirits, which is
silvery with the upper parts of a light brown, fins yellow.
Chatossus ebebi.
Ohato88U8 erehi, Gunth. Cat. vol. VII, page 207.
„ Oome, Richard. Ereb. and Terr. p. 61, pi. 38.
Found in the Brisbane river and also in the rivers of northern
Australia.
LeUCISCUS ? AUSTRALIS. sp. nov.
Body elongate, very compressed; its height contained four
times in the total length without the caudal ; head nearly five
times in the same length ; lower jaw longer than the upper one ;
no teeth on the jaws nor on the palate ; eye rather large, contained
three times and a half in the length of the head ; maxillary ex-
tending to the exterior third of the eye ; lateral line continuous
on the upper third of the body ; scales of moderate size ; dorsal
fin placed in front of the middle of the length of the body of
fourteen rays ; caudal bifurcated ; anal fin inserted a little behind
the end of the dorsal, of eighteen rays ; the ventrals a little in
front of the dorsal ; pectorals inserted below the opercle. The
fish 18 of an orange colour becoming yellow on the belly ;
the head is silvery no definite band on the side ; length of the
type specimen about one inch and a half.
KoTB. — ^The 8p«cimen is very small and not in a very good state, and I may be mistaken
about the palatine teeth ; all I can say is that I can see none.
* On the upper surface of the head extends a strong longitudinal ridge.
52 THI PB0CBIDIKO8 OF THE LIVNXAV 80CI1TT
On a new species of Hoplocephalus, from Sntton Forest,
By William Macleat, F.L.S.
I am indebted to G. S. Bransby, Esq., of Moss Yale, for a
species of Hoplocephalus, lately captured by him somewhere in
the Sntton Forest country.
I find it to be quite distinct from any of the species hitherto
known or described.
I subjoin a somewhat detailed description of the snake, which
I propose to name in honour of its discoverer.
Hoplocephalus Bbansbti.
General form rather robust and cylindrical, the tail tapering
to a very fine point. Head scarcely broader than the neck,
rather flat and short, and rounded at the muzzle ; vertical shield
twice as long as wide and six-sided, the two anterior facing the
posterior frontals, and nearly in a straight line ; the two posterior
converging to a rather rounded angle, and those abutting on the
parietal shields parallel. The posterior frontals are large, five-
sided, and separated from the second upper labial by the nasal
and anterior oculars, the side abutting on the nasal being very
short. The anterior frontals are short (one third the length of
posterior), form a very straight suture with the posterior frontals,
and are prolonged into an acute angle between them and the
nasals. Nasal shield twice as long as high, with the nostril
small and in the middle, and the angle formed by the rostral and
anterior frontals very acute. Rostral shield low, not reaching
the dorsal surface of the head. The anterior ocular shield
pentagonal and emarginate in front ; both posterior oculars
small, the inferior one largest. The superciliary shields are
nearly as broad as the vertical ; the occipitals are large and
divergent behind. The fourth lower labial very large. All the
head shields more or less covered with minute granules. The
eyes are moderately large, pupils round. The scales of the back
are in 15 rows before the middle of the body, and in 17 rows
behind, and are all of elongate form with the apex a little
rounded, except the two outer lateral rows which are broad and
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. ' 53
mnch rouDded at the tip. The abdominal plates are large and
number 150. The anal plate is single ; the sabcaudals number
47. The colour on the upper surface is olive brown, with a
narrow reddish yellow band rounded anteriorly behind the head,
preceded by a still narrower blackish band, and a black vertebral
line one scale wide along the whole length of the body from the
neck. The under surface is yellow, each abdominal plate having
a blackish margin, and the whole becoming darker towards the
tail. The scales of the outer or lateral row are yellow, with a
black mark on each side, forming two black stripes extending to
the tail ; the scales of the next row have each a reddish spot
near the base. The head is entirely yellow below the mouth,
above only the labial shields and small portions of the
anterior ocular and other plates are yellowish. The total length
is 17 inches.
The number of species of this genus now known is about 25,
varying in length from six feet to less than one foot, all highly
venomous, and, as far as my experience goes, seeming to belong
almost exclusively to the temperate regions of Australia. They
are abundant in Tasmania, Victoria, South Australia, Western
Australia, and New South Wales. Several species also are
found in Queensland, but not, I believe, north of Port Denison,
and I have never in the many collections of snakes I have had
from the Endeavour River, Cape York, and Port Darwin, seen'a
single example of the genus. It is stated, however, by Mr.
Krefil, whose work on the Snakes of Australia cannot be too
highly praised, that Hoplocephahis curUia has been found as far
north as the Qulf of Carpentaria.
On the other hand the genera Biemenia and PseudecJm seem
to get more numerous in the tropical parts of Australia. Of the
four species of the latter genus described, three, P. australis,
scuiellattis, and Darwiniensia are intra-tropical, and I have a fourth
species from Port Darwin of large size, over six feet long, with
the vertical shield more elongate and triangular than in P. Bar^
wmiensia.
54 THE PR0CSBDIN08 OF THB LIKKIAH SOCIITT
I may mention here that I saw a few days ago a fine specimen
of Dipsas fusca procored by Dr. J. C. Cox, firom the Mndgee
(iistricfc, a very nnlikely place one would suppose for a snake of
its habits.
I take this opportunity also of correcting a mistake of mine in
a previous paper. In page 221 of VoL II. of our Proceedings, T
gave the name of Elapocephalus to a new genus of snakes from
Port Darwin. I find that Dr. Gunther had previously (Cat. Brit.
Mus., Snakes, App. 2, p- 276) used the same name for a genus of
South American Snakes of a very different family. I propose now
to substitute the generic name Elapocraniwn for the Port Darwin
Snake.
On the power of locomotion in the Ttmieata,
By William Maclbat, F.L.S.
A few weeks ago I found the sandy beach at Elizabeth Bay,
strewn at low water, with a number of large Ascidian Mollusks.
In this there is nothing remarkable, the severe storm of the 2nd
of this month, having no doubt torn from their hold on the rocky
or sandy bed of the sea, these helpless masses.
Bat I have observed with some astonishment that these masses
are, or seem to be, capable of a certain amount of locomotion.
What I have observed is, that these large Ascidians do change
their positions most undoubtedly ; that in doing so they leave
upon the wet sand a distinct track in accordance with the weight
and size of the mass ; and that these movements are not in any
way attributable to winds or waves. I at first thought it possible
that the movements might be due to the agency of some of
the animals adhering to the outside of the mass, but I found
that the only organic attachments, excepting a few small shells,
were clusters of simple Ascidians, utterly incapable therefore
of combined action, and much two small for their individual
efforts to produce; any effect.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 55
Notwithstanding, however, this apparently convincing evidence,
I am indisposed to believe it possible that an animal so completely
shat up in a thick ooriaceoas nnmnscnlar sac, can have any power
of external movement, nor is it likely that such a power would
be possessed by an animal whose whole life (except in infancy)
has to be passed firmly rooted to the bottom of the sea. I hope
that some one having the leisure and opportunity, will endeavbur
to solve this problem.
On some Australian Littorinid^.
By the Rev. J. B. Tenison-Woods, F.L.S., F.G.S., Corr. Memb.
Linn. Soc. N.S.W., &c.
We have in Australia and Tasmania certain coast shells which
are variously distributed in several genera by difierent authors.
They all resemble each other in this, that they are found for the
most part on rocks which are seldom covered by the tide. They
are not nacreous. They have a homy operculum, with a
marginal nucleus and few whorls, and the animal has a small
round foot which has never tentacular filaments like the Turbo,
Trochus, or Phasianella. They are generally widely distributed,
subject to very much variation, according to the locality where
they are found. This has led to the same shell being regarded
in different places as a different species, and the varieties also
have been regarded as different species. In order better to
understand the present state of our knowledge of these marine
moUusca, it may be as well to state the history of the genus, or
rather its classification. To LinnaBus all these shells were Turbos'
and those which were known to Schrotter, Chemnitz, Gmelin,
Favanne, Born, Humphrey, and Lamarck, came under the same
generic appellation. In 1821 M. Baron Ferussac, in his large
and expensive work on the fresh water shells of France (so large
and so expensive that it was never finished), divided the genus
Paludma into five sub-genera. He gave the fifth the name of
Littorma (written also with one t, or two r's by various writers),
and included in that the common perry-winkle Turbo liitor&ua of
56 THB PB0CBBDIN08 OF THB UNNBAK SOCIBTT
LinnaBos {Lit. vulgaris of Sowerby's Genera of shells). This
division of M. de Ferassac was not well nnderstood, nor was it
generally adopted. M. de Blainville (in his Hist Nat. de Vers
testacees, Paris, 1822, vol. I, p. 347), made another distribation of
the species indicated by his predecessor which he regarded as a
section of his large genus Turbo. Latreille subsequently in
his work on the animal kingdom {Families du Regne Animal,
Paris, 8vo, 1825), only cites this genus and the relations given by
its author, but ignores it in his classification. Although O. Cuvier
was very slow in adopting new genera, nevertheless he adopted
that of Littorina in the second edition of his Animal Kingdom
{Regne Animal par 0. Baron Cuvier, 10 vols., Paris, 1828). But
in doing this he hardly can be said to have understood the
relations of the animals, for he placed the genus following the
fresh-water genus PaUidina and next to Monodonta. I am quoting
Deshayes on this matter, who adds (Hist. Nat. des Animaux s.
vertehres, 2 edit, par Deshayes and M. Edwards, vol. IX, p. 200,
note), " Unfortunately when Cuvier published the second edition
of this work science was not in possession of facts sufficiently
numerous or well enough established on the general relations of
Linnceus* largo genera of Turho and Trochus, to decide on all the
classification of those divisions which had been rightly or wrongly
made. It is equally true that Lamarck allowing himself to be
guided by his extensive knowledge of the characters of shells
was much more happy in the classification of these genera than
the most part of other zoologists or than G. Cuvier himself."
M. Deshayes then goes on to indicate the changes that were
necessary in the classification of Lamarck, arising from the
observations which he (M. Deshayes) had made upon molluscous
animals. He then adds (page 201, note) " In this matter for the
genus with wliich we are now occupied, we have observed that
the animal has characters which easily distinfyuish it from all
known species, and which, while it removes them further from
either the Turho or the Trochus genus, places them closer to
Scalaridce, Thus the animal of Littorina crawls upon a small
foot with thin edges, oval or sub-circular, and almost entirely
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 67
hidden by the shell. When the animal moves this foot bears on
the upper part of the posterior side an operculum which is always
homy, blackish, pauci-spiral and with a lateral nucleus. This
operculum forms from two and a half to three whorls ; it is semi-
circular, and has a straight internal edge like the same organ in
the genus Natica. The foot is very slightly projecting in front,
where it is rounded. The head is rather solid, prolongated into
a conical muzzle and terminated by a longitudinal slit wherein is
placed the mouth ; the head bears two long pointed conical ten-
tacles behind, broad at the base and having at the external side
of this base a rather salient, blunt, ocular tubercle. The shells
of the genus Littorina are easily distinguished from either
Turbo or Trochus because they are never nacreous, and besides
the form of the aperture, the flattened and almost trenchant
columella, they have peculiar characters of their own. The
only difficulty there would be is in separating them from
some species of the genus Phasianella, if one omits to observe at
first that in the latter genus the shells are always very highly
polished, and that the operculum is calcareous. Those Littorina
which approach nearest to Phasianella have the columella almost
straight and trenchant at its edge, which is never seen in the
latter genus. Finally the animals are different ; the PhasianelloB
in the ornaments of the head and the tentacles of the foot do
not differ from the animal of Trochus, while the lAttorinoSy as we
have explained, have characters peculiar to thiBmselves, and
which approaches the animal of Scalaria, Between the
opercula of the genus Littorina and Scalaria there is a good
deal of analogy. The animal of Scalaria has the head probos-
cidiform, the tentacles are more obtuse, shorter in proportion,
and the ocular tubercles are a trifle more elevated.*'
Having premised these particulars, M. Deshayes defines his
genus thus : — Gen. Liitorina, Ferussac. General characters :
Animal spiral, moving on a foot thin oval or subcircular ; head
proboscidiform, mouth terminal, anterior ; two conical tentacles,
pointed, broad at the base ; eyes large, hardly projecting from
the external base of the tentacles ; operculum homy, pauci-spiral
58 THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNBAN 80CIBTT
with lateral and submargiDal nucleus. Shell turbinate, not
nacreous, thick, solid, oval, or globular ; aperture entire, slightly
oblique to the longitudinal axis, angular at the summit ;
columella large, curved or almost straight, without inner lip,
and, as it were, denuded, and almost trenchant at its internal
edge.
He adds that the Idttormm, as their name indicates, live almost
always on the rocks which fringe the shore. They are almost
always out of water, but they are placed so as to receive the surf
which breaks over the rocks. They seem capable of resisting in
their exposed position the burning heat of the sun, the torrents
of fresh water from rivers, or the fury of the waves which break
upon the rocks. I may add from my own observation that they
are estuary shells, and flourish in brackish or almost fresh water.
M. Deshayes remarks that two species of Lamarck's Monodonta,
M. pagocbis (Indian Ocean), and M, papulosa (Timor), should
both be removed to Littorina ; also a few of the species of
Lamarck's Phasianella, With regard to the M, pagodua, which
was brought to Europe from Capt. Beechey's voyage, Mr. E. Gray
made it the type of a new genus, Fagodvs. The animal,
however, as well as the operculum, are those of a true Littorina.
M. Deshayes also removed into this genus three fossils of the
Paris basin which he had formerly described as Phasianella, viz.,
P. tricostatay multisulcata, and melanoides. He was of opinion
also that some of the secondary fossils regarded as Twho and
Trochus should be considered as Littorina, notably T. ornatus and
carinai/us of Sowerby's Mineral Oonchology, p. 240.
To these particulars of Deshayes may be added the following
facts : The odontophore or lingual ribbon is long and narrow
in the case of the Australian species, and I believe I have
observed that it is a tube. The greater part is rolled up in a
spiral coil at the back of the mouth. It has three simple teeth
at each side of the central tooth, which is small. The lateral
ones are long, curved, and the two outer ones being tricuspid
and the four inner ones bicuspid. The teeth, as well as the
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 69
membrane on which they are placed, are colorless, transparent,
and glassy. No other molluscan animal, as far as I am aware,
has the odontophore coiled up at the back of the mouth.
The shells of the LittorincB are for the most part like the
typical species, the common perry-winkle of Europe ; that is to
say they are elongately turbinate with rounded whorls almost
destitute of ornament. But there are some with tubercles and
granules upon the spire, and with flattened whorls and angular
base. These have been erected into other genera by different
authors, as I shall show presently, but at present I am regarding
as one genus all those shells which would come under the
definitions of Deshayes with regard to the sheUs and the animals.
There is one peculiarity in some members of the genus to
which, as far as I am aware, attention has not been drawn by
any naturalist, and it is so very common and so peculiar that it
must have some relation to the animal economy. I refer to a
spiral white or yellow line which lines the interior of the shell,
and arises from the anterior aperture, or at the lower part of the
labrum or outer lip. I find this peculiarity on the following
members of the genus : — L. grandis (Sea of Ochotsk, Reeve),
Middenof ; L. Africana^ Philippi, Algoa Bay ; L. ziczac,
Chemnitz, Monte Christo, West Columbia, and South Australia
(Elangaroo Island ?) ; L, dnctay Quoy & Qtiimard ; L. luctuosa,
Reeve, New Zealand ; L, neritoidesy Mediterranean ; L. granularis,
Gray, Hab. ? ; L, striata, King, Canary Islands, ita Reeve ;
L. NovoB Zela/ndia, Reeve ; * L, Knysnceensis, Krauss, Knysna
River, Cape ; L, granO'Costata, Reeve, Brisbane ; L, Feejeensis,
Reeve, Feejee; L. a/rauca/nay D'Orbigny, South America; L,
mcmritia/na, Lamk, described as Phasianella (= L. Icevis, Reeve ;
L, diema/nensiSf Quoy Sd Ghiimard, Chatham Islands ; L, unifasciata,
Gray, Tasmania and S. Australia) ; L, melanostoma (Risella
melanostoma, Gmelin, nana Lamk. ; vitiata and J/utea awrata^
plana, striolatd),
I shall notice presently what I consider will throw some light
upon this curious feature. I now pass on to the manner in which
* The name and the habitat are Reeve's, but no such shell is kQowQ in New Zealand*
9ee Journal de Conehyliologie, 1878, p. 26 .
00 THS PBOCllDIVeS OF THX LUnrSAV aocxsTT
LUtorina has been sabdirided by different anthora. There aro
aboat 200 species at present known. But many of theae will
need redaction. The following very complete and ezoeDenf
notice of the famflj is from Woodward's MftTm^l of the ^AHowia
(Tate's Edition).
Family LrrroBiKD&
Shell turbinated or depressed, never pearly, aperture itmnded,
peristome entire; opercnlom homy, panci-spiral ; animal with
a muzzle-shaped head and eyes sessile at the outer base of die
tentacles ; tongue long and armed with a medium seriea ci braid
hooked teeth, and three oblong hooked uncini ; fannchial phune
single ; foot with a linear duplication in firont and a groove along
the sole ; mantle with a rudimentary siphonal canal ; opercnlom
lobe appendaged. The species inhabit the sea or brackish water
and are mostly littoral feeding on algSB.
JiiTTORiNA, Ferussac.
Shell turbinated, thick, pointed, few whorled ; apertnre immded,
outer lip acute, columella rather flattened, imperforate ; opercnlom
pauci-spiral ; lingual teeth and trilobed uncini hooked and den-
tated ; 181 species. He adds. " the perry- winkles are found on
the seashore in all parts of the world ; in the Baltic they lire
within the influence of fresh wat^r and frequently become dis-
torted ; similar monstrosities are found in the Norwich Crag. The
common species (L. Uttorea), is oviparous ; it inhabits ihe lowest
zones of seaweed between tide marks. An allied species
(L. rudis), frequents a higher region where it is scarcely reached
by the tide ; it is viviparous and the young have a hard sheD
before their birth, in conseqnence of which the species is not
eaten. The tongue of the winkle is two inches long ; its foot is
divided by a longitudinal line, and in walking the sides advance
alternately. The perry-winkle and the trochus are the food of
the thrush in the Hebrides daring the winter. The lingual canal
passes from the back of the month under the oesophagus for a
short distance, then turns up the right side and terminates in a
coil like spare rope resting on a plaited portion of the gullet. It
is 2 1 inches long and contains about 600 rows of teeth, the part
OF NEW SOUTH WiXBS> 61
in nse arming the tongue comprises about 24 rows.'* Mr. Wood-
ward subdivides the family into 9 genera, viz. : — Littorina,
Solarium f Thorns^ Lacuna, Litiopa, Rissoa, Shenea, Truncatella and
Lithoglyphus, This is not a natural arrangement for many reasons
which cannot be entered into here. He arranges the following
as subgenera under Littorma : —
1. — Tbctaria, OuvieTy 1827.*
Shell muricated or granulated, sometimes with an umbilical
fissure ; operculum with a broad membranous border.
2. — Modulus, Gray, 1840.
Shell trochiform or naticoid ; porcellanous ; columella per-
forated, inner lip worn or toothed ; operculum homy or few
whorled.
3. — FossARUS, PhiUppi, 1841.
Shell perforated, inner lip thin, operculum not spiral.
4. — RiSELLA, Gray, 1840.
Shell trochiform with a flat or convex base ; whorls keeled ;
aperture rhombic, dark or variegated ; operculum pauci-spiral«
5. — OoNRADiA, Adams, and Couthotia, Adams,
The two latter from small species in the Japanese seas which it
is not necessary to refer to now.
This arrangement is nearly that of Adams Brothers, in their
genera of Mollusca, only that the subgenera are suppressed and
the genera are placed as subgenera with Swainson's Echinella
and Adams' Isajpis excluded. ChenUj in his " Manual," follows
the arrangement of Adams, but appears from the figures given
to confound one genus with another, supposing him to accept
the divisions given in the " G-enera of Shells."
I do not pretend to pronounce an opinion upon some of these
genera. I confine my attention in the first instance to those
which have reference to species existing on the Australian coast.
And first with reference to the genus Bisella, The history of
the genus has already been given by me in vol. I, p. 242, of the
* Thare is a diinpute about the priority of this name. Valenciennes is quoted by Adams,
bat hlB name was TeetaritUt and Montfort's Teetua.
62 THE PBOCBXDIKOS OF TH< LIKKBAV SOCIltTT
'^ Proceedings " of this Society. It was erected orig^ally by
Philippi for Littorinad with acate whorls, and those pecnliarities
which have already been referred to.
It was noticed by M. Crosse, in the Jour, de Oonchyl. for 1865,
that this diagnosis wonld hardly warrant a separation from
Littormay bat he called attention to another feature that had
escaped notice, that is to a basal thickening in a kind of thread
about the middle of the aperture. He thought also that there
were about nine species. In my paper I attempted to show that
there is only one species, and since that time have made a
careful comparison of an immense number of individuals from
various parts of the coast, and having further observed that all
the presumed species breed freely with one another, I make no
doubt whatever that this genus, if it is to be preserved, can only
be said to be represented by one species.* Now as to the basal
funicular thickening we find that it does not hold good for all the
individuals. It is present and absent on different specimens, but
more frequently present on old shells. But it has not been
remarked that always by the side of it there is a white or yellow
spiral line on the outer and anterior angle of the aperture. This
white spiral line or groove, for it is both, corresponds with the
line I have called attention to in the turbinate lAitorincB, and I
find that it is a groove along which the organs of reproduction
are always exserted, whether they be male or female. I have
before shown that this ofl&ce is variously assumed by different
shells. It is not easy to explain why this portion of the shell is
differently colored, unless it is in keeping with what is noticed in
the coloring of certain flowers, butterflies, &c. The whole of the
LittormcB have the aperture of dark color, though highly
enamelled, and this whitish line is a conspicuous diversity on the
appearance, though it would be a very narrow view of the
operations of nature to say that its only purpose was to attract.
Round the mouth of most Riselloe, and close to this spiral line,
* In the Annals of Nat. Hist, for 1862, vol. II, p. 76, Mr. W. Thompson writes that he
had observed several examples of small Littorina rudis in coitu with L. littoralis, and in
every instance the male was L. rudis. He suggested that perhaps a hybrid resulted, and
this was L. paMiata, but that form did not frequent that part of the coast. The question
has not, as far as I know, been followed. A few very simple observations in a small
aquarium might lead to important discoveries in such matters.
OF NBW SOUTH WALB8. 63
there are generally a few diagonal yellow lines which make the
spot still more conspicnoos, especially as the enamel of the rest
of the shell is such a thick glossy lining of intense brown, almost
like the varnish known as Brunswick black.
The shape of the species and varieties is very uncertain.
Sometimes the shell is almost turbinate, and the whorls rounded ;
in others it is depressed, the whorls ovately angular, smooth, and
flat ; others again are more depressed, and the whorls almost
keeled with tubercular undulations on the edge, which become
almost spinous. At times also the spire is ornamented with
coarse nodular protruberances. Now, seeing all these variations
we are bound to enquire on what is the generic distinction to
rest. Not on the shape or ornamentation of the spire, nor on
the depressed or angular sharpness of the whorls. Not on the
funicular basal thickening, for that is uncertain too. In any case
it would be a genus with one species, but a species which in no
respect can be divided generically, from typical lAttorince. The
animal is the same ; the operculum is homy, pauci-spiral, with a
marginal nucleus. The odontophore is the same, and curled in
a coil at the back of the head; there are no tentacular
appendages. The shell is not nacreous, and the habits of the
animal are in all respects those of Idttorina, It lives almost
always out of the water, on rocks exposed to the spray. It is
found in brackish water, and can bear the extremes of heat and
cold.
Messrs. Adams reminds us in the Annals of Nat Hist that no
harm is done to science by the addition of a new genus, and this
is quite true as long as it is founded on well defined and
permanent features. But if a genus is erected on characters
that are slight and uncertain, and if, moreover, they vary and
pass insensibly into others, then it is an injury to science and to
the student, who will be bewildered in trying to recognise them ;
an injury also to any sound system of classification. For these
reasons, therefore, I think most scientific men will agree with
me that the genus Eisella ought to be suppressed. It has no
permanent characters which can be relied upon to separate it
64 THX PEOCllDIVeS OF THB LINNXAN 80CIBTT
from IMorina, It is simply one of oar Anstralian LiUori/ncBt
very determinate and characteristic, though within certain limits
very variable. It seems that it has a very wide range, and
though specimens from extreme portions of the continent wonld
with difficulty be recognized as the same, yet they are all one
species flourishing under different conditions. In thus suppress-
ing the genus RiseUa we are really simplifying the science. I am
aware that the principle of suppressing genera which graduate
insensibly into one another must not be pressed too far. Thus
it would be difficult to draw a distinct line between such
apparently well established genera as Turbo and l}rochu8, M.
Deshayes acknowledged this when he tried to distinguish them
by the calcareous or homy operculum, or by their being nacreous
or non-nacreous. But all these features are interchanged. A
better distinction might be found to rest upon the odontophore
or lingual ribbon, but even this is insufficient. But difficulties
like these are not in question in the case of a genus with only
one species, where the characters on which it is founded appear
and disappear in different individuals. LUtorina melanosioma is,
however, a very good and interesting species, and may be taken
as one of those forms which give a character to the Australian
fauna. It is said to extend to New Zealand, at Auckland, though
Capt. Hutton says the locality is doubtful. This species has
been re-described in the cruise of the Novara as B. Kielmanseggi.
The following will be the synonomy of the species : — Trochus
in fauce nigerrimuSy Chemnitz, Conch. Cabinet, t. 5, p, 20, jpl,
161, /. 1,526, a,b. (I cite this and the three following on
the authority of Deshayes, in Lam. 2nd edit., though far from
sure that they refer to the species, t) Trochus, Schrot, Evnl.
I. 1, p. 682, n. 12. Trochus melanostomus, Gmdin, p, 3,581,
No, 90. Dillwyn Catalogue, b. I, 2, p. 797, No. 89. Deshayes
LamarJc, Vol. 9, p. 167, No. 78. Trochus nanus, ibid., p. 150,
No. 67. Littorina luteola, Quoy., Voy, de V Astro, torn. 2, p. 477,
pi. 33, /. 47. Bisella aurata, Quoy. ; Bisella nana, Quoy. ; B.
• } Risella varia, Hutton, is given by him as Adeorbis in Jour, de Conch., 1878, p. 27,
Vol. — . Marten considers it a Risella.
t It may be that the origin of the name is from Reeve, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1842, p. 185,
RB Trochui.
OF NEW SOUTH WALB8. 65
plana, Qnoy. ; B, hitea, Qaoy. ; B, Bnmi, Crosse ; B, luteal
Philippi, Adams ; B, vittata, Philippi ; B, irribricata, Gray, Phil.,
Adams ; Bembicium nanum, Philippi ; B. pictum, ditto ; Littorina
Atistralis, Gray ; Trochus cicatricosv^, Jonas.
In addition to the above named Littorma we have the following
cited by varions authors as occurring in Australia and Tasmania :
L, mcmritiana^ Reeve ; L, unifasciata, Gray, Appendix 1. 2 vol.
of King's Voy. in Australia, p. 483 ; L, paludinella, Reeve, Icon,
pi. 16, fig. 84 ; L. Hisseyana, mihi, Proc. Roy. Soc., Tas., 1875 ;
L. Philippi, Carpenter, Cat. Magallan Shells, p. 349 ; L. ziczac,
Chemnitz, t. 5, p. 69, pi. 166, f. 1,600 ; L, diemanensis, Quoy.
and Gaimard, Voy. de I'AstroL, t. 2, p. 479, pi, 33, f. 8-11 ;
L. pyramidalis, Quoy. and Gaim., loc. cit. 6, p. 482, pi. 3, f. 12-15 ;
L, undulata. Gray, loc. cit. ; L. Ausl/ralis, Gray in King, loc. cit.
Some of these shells call for no remark, as they are either.doubtful
LittorincB, or too little is known about them. Littorina mauriiiana
is, however, one about which there is much to be said. It is a
rather elongated turbinated shell, with rounded whorls, the last
nearly as long as all the others combined. It is generally of a
bluish color, but ranges from pale blue to the faintest bluish
white. It is also sometimes spirally banded with faint blue or
white lines, or it is longitudinally striated with zig-zag lines of
dull green, or reddish lines. At the base of the last whorl there
is a very obtuse angle, scarcely perceptible in some shells — very
visible in others. Some of the shells are globose, with a very
short and acute spire, while the last whorl is immensely dispro-
portioned to the rest. This variety has often the zig-zag dull
green lines. The shell varies in size from 5 mil. to 25 in height.
The small sizes are young, and of a smalt blue. All these varieties
may be obtained from the same patch of rock. It is common
everywhere on rocks above high water mark. I have found no
difference in its characteristics in Guichen Bay (S. A.), Port
Jackson, and the extreme south of Tasmania. Perhaps the
South Tasmanian specimens are a little smaller.
I cannot see any specific difference between this shell and
L, Africcma Philippi, and considering that our common shell is
identified with the one that occurs at the Mauritius, it is easy to
M tBM nooxmnrcM ov ths iiurmuir tocsRr
iMlitfe that they are one and the aame. Indeed^ it la r&ej emj
to bridge oyer any internal when we find aooh a deep and open
lea as that whioh intervenea between Anatralia and the Manrituu
bridged over bj the aame apeoiea. I beKeve it to be alao identical
with LOiorma dimnammmt, Qoey (Vo^. ds VAmL i 2,p. 479, pt.
88,/. 8, 11/ Of thia apeoiea IL Deahajeaaaya, after qnotingtfie
habitat of Quoji whioh is simply Van Dieman, '^The LUkfina
of Dieman ia abadlately the blnidi Tmho of Lamardc,*' whioh ia
a ZMorJHOi or aa now known L. ocmlMoaiw. It ia fimnd, he
addSi in the MeditezTaneani and on the Bn^^iah OhanneL The
only lUght di&renoe that IC. Deahayea oonld obaerve waa the
preaanoe of oertain atri» whioh the Bnxopean apeohnena have not,
bat I oan anawer that the Anatralian apeoiea are aa often without
them. ** The indindnals are in general larger (he ia rebrring
to the Anatralian ahella.) Shell shorty aUghtlj awoUen at tiie
baiOy the apire ia pointed. The oolor is aky blnoi with an
irregnlar band, rather darker in the last whorL The apertore is
ronndedf a little angular, and of a sombre Tudet within. Its
oolors are mndh more brilliant onder water than when eipoaedto
the air. It is 11 millim. long, by 6 wide. So £ar with regard
to the Tasmanian speoies. It is idso said to ooonr in N. Zealand.
Oaptoin Hatton has sent me the shells which receive tibis name
(£• diemanensU). They came from Donedin (neariy 46'' S. lai),
a yery cold station for a shell whose finest and largest examples
are found at Port Jackson, or even as feix north as lat. 80 S.
Oonsequently, as we might expect, the Donedin specimens are
sordid and dwarfed. The bands of color are far more definite,
and the blue, or rather neutral tint predominates over the white,
while at Port Jackson the white predominates. The mouth is
much darker in the Dunedin shells, and the angle less marked at
the base of the last whorl. This is the rule, but intermediate
examples can be found at both places. The Port Jackson shells
have the last whorl larger than the spire, which is short and
tumid. The spire is longer and not tumid at Dunedin, but with
rounded whorls. It seems to me that the Dunedin shells may be
taken as an intermediate stage to LUtorina cmeta, Quoy, which is
the common form on the Dunedin coast, and at the Bluff, N.Z.,
Of K«W SOUTH WiX<8. 67
and is synonyinoTia with L. hictuosa, Reeve. The most important
difference between L, diemanensis and L, cmcta is in the oper-
cnlnm. This organ in the former animal is pancispiral with the
nnclens marginal. The whorls also are not only few bat oblong.
The strisB are fine, and the appearance delicate. In L. cincta the
opercnlom is many whorled, bnt not so many as in Trochocochlea
AustraUs, They are circular, rugged, irregular and coarse, and
the nucleus is nearly central. In this respect L, diemcmensis
resembles it. In fact, L, cincta is only a large L, diemcmensis
dark and sombre in color, ragged and sordid in appearance. The
operculum no doubt partakes of the rugged character of the sheU.
I do not say they are the same species, but I think it would not
be difficult to find a series passing insensibly from one species to
the other, and I strongly incline to the opinion that L, cincta is
L, dLemamensis in a very much colder climate, on an exposed and
rocky coast.
But is L. diemanensis the proper name for our Australian
specimen P In a note on the Turbo coerulescens of Lamarck, Mr.
Deshayes says (Lamarck, 2 edit.. Vol. 9, p. 217) — " This shell
belongs to the genus Littorma, It is a species very common on
the shores of the Mediterranean. It clings to rocks beaten by
the sea, but above its level when calm. Naturalists must find it
difficult to determine which is the Nerita littoralis of Linn6.
Those who consult the quoted reference in Lister's History of the
Animals of England, p. 164, cannot fail to recognize the Twho
ccerulescens of Lamarck, but those who only consult the figures
named in the synonomy of Linn^ will see that Nerita littoralis is the
same species as Tv/rho neritoides. But the confusion increases
when we read that it is very common and very variable in color
on the rocks of the seas of Europe, and that a smaller variety
frequents the fresh waters. It is evident that under the name of
Nerita littoralis, Linne confosed three species at the least ;
TfMrho ea/mlescens and T. neritoides doing double duty and
probably Neriti/na Jluviatilis. G-melin simplifies Linne inasmuch
as he suppresses the reference to Lister, p. 154, and reduces the
synonomy to the figures which represent Turbo neritoides. Con-
sequently Gmelin*s N. littoralis is a second employment of Turbo
68 THE PB0CBBDI9G8 OF THE LIK9EAK SOCIETY
neritoides, Dillwyn gives to the Turbo neritoides quite a different
Bignification from even Linii6. He only admits one of the
referenoes which is only Gualtieri, fig. F, plate 45. This figure
would agree well enough with the Turbo coerulescens of Lamarck,
but cannot in any way be referred to the Liunean species."
I have deemed it neceSsary to refer at length to this question
of synonomy in case any of the older works on the citation of
Linn6 should be consulted. Our L. diema/nensis should on
M. Deshayes* authority be considered the same as L, ccerulescens.
This also is the same asZr. mauritiaina, unifasdatay Africana, and a
host of others. If we believe that only one species ranges between
the Gape of Gt>od Hope and Australia then the synonomy will be
something enormous.
But does it not seem strange that a shell should fringe our
coasts on the Southern Hemisphere and be found quite as common
on the north coasts of the Mediterranean, &c., while no sign of
ifcs existence can be traced in the intermediate regions. It does
soem somewhat unusual and singular, but we have similar facts
in Botany. Every one knows for instance the showy purple
fjooBestrife (Lythris salicariaX which is such a conspicious object
in marshy places in Europe. With its companion I/ythris
hyti/iopifoUum it is widely distributed in Europe. Well, when
II. Brown landed in Tasmania and began to explore where
Kiiropoan feot had surely never trodden before, one of the first
things ho noticed in the marshy places was the purple Loosestrife
of Europe. It was not long before he had found i. hyssopifolvfjmy
growing with its companion just under its well-known conditions.
Suoh instances might be multiplied, and probably they hold good
in the insect world, and in the higher order of animals. It seems
as if each country or each province has its particular fauna which
is peculiar in its resemblances as well as its differences, and
besides all this has a certain amount of features which are the
samo for every portion of the earth's surface under similar
conditions. And moreover it seems to me that the true clue to
this fact is one which neither the evolution theory or the " station
or dispersion '* theory will completely explain. Our Newton of
natural science is yet to come, the zoologist of the future, who
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 69
shall discern the law which pervades all nature and reads it so
that the anomaly of to-day should be the confirmatory fact of
to-morrow.
In keeping with the above fact we have Littorma ziczac,
which is a shell very mnch like oar L, ccerulescens except that it
is streaked with nndnlating red lines. This is a common form in
some of the West Indian Islands, at Monte Ghristo in West
Colnmbia, and is not uncommon on Kangaroo Island in South
Australia, and on other parts of the South Australian coast. My
own idea is that it is only a variety of L, ccerulescens. T do not
assert this positively, but I am inclined to think it. The
extraordinary variations to which shells are subject in the matter
of color makes one prepared for anything. 7}rocliocochlea australis
is variegated light green and white, dark olive and yellow,
reddish brown and yellow, and finally a uniform dull black
or greenish black. T, constricta is dull white, dull yellow
pale flesh color, or streaked a bright green and white,
red and yellowish green, neutral tint and white, or black
and white. Then the shape of these variegations are just as
diverse. The streaks are sometimes three or four, or they are
narrow pointed and numerous, or they are very fine zigzag lines,
the angles of the zigzags being very acute and the lines long or
few and obtuse, &c., <fec. In fact, within given limits, there is no
form or pattern of color that might not find representatives in
these most variable shells. If color then be the only difference,
I think we should claim L, ziczac too as a synonym for our
Littori/nay but the animals I have not examined and have only
imperfectly examined the shell.
Next to L. ccerulescens, for such I shall always now designate
our common coast perry winkle, we have a species called Littorina
pyra/midalis, by Quoy. (Voy, de V Astrolabe, vol. 2, p. 482, jpl. 33,
fig, 12-15). He states that " it was found in Jervis Bay, and is
remarkable for its pyramidal form, with the last whorl much
swollen, and seems a base from which the spire rises abruptly."
It is rough girdled with a string of tubercles on the spire, and
which is doubled on the summit of the last whorl. These
tubercles are prominent, round and blunt. It shows some
70 TSB FBOOUBXHOS OV TBM tOntMAM tOOtllT
nregultf longitadinal folds oa the oater edge of tiha Up. The
aperture is emally round, but eomewhat irreguler; ia higUj
enamelled, a deep pnrple brown odLor, and ihere are two spiral
yellowish lines ranning np the tiiroafe, one ai the base or anterior
as already desmbed in other LUhrintSf and the other between
the sntore and tiie posterior line of tnberol0% but jnst at the
edge of the latter. The oolnmella is very nmoh depressed,
sharp, as in all the genns, dilated and almost channelled at the
anterior end. The oolor is a Uaish grey, the tnberdea whiUs
and the spire reddish. In all matters of detail it is absolntely a
LiUarina. . It is often spirally striated. The opeoranlnm is of
foar neat orately ronnded whorls, and not quite so marginal as
in onr other species, bat still almost posteriory and at the
colnmellar e^^. The lingual ribbon lies in a ooQ at tha back of
the head. The coil is Tory oonspicnons and round, whereas in
L. ecervleseens it is not so easily seen when the animal is drawn
out of its shell, as the coils are fewer, oval, and the membrane
which coTcrs it is thicker. The teeth on the ribbon are like all
the genus, but it seems to me that ^ radula itself is broader
and longer. The organs of respiration and reproduction call for
no espeoisl notice, except that they are on the typiosl plsn of
LUUyrma Uttarea, The muscular tissue of the body is thin and
transparent, and very favorable for microscopic examination.
The nervous ganglia and the neural branches are very plainly
visible by transmitted light with an inch objective.
With the exception of the shell there is nothing to separate
the species firom the typical Idttorma, Messrs. Adams separates
it, and probably also Gray, on the ground of the tuberoulations
on the shell. They notice other differences, such as a callosity
on the anterior lip generally, and a few-whorled operculum
which has also a broad membranaceous edge. Whether these
particulars apply to all the members of the genns except this one
I cannot say. They do not apply to this. The operculum has
four whorls, bat there is no membranaceous edge, such as is
very visible in our Trochocochlea, and there is no callosity on the
lip. And I respectfully submit that if they were there they are
not sufficient as generic distinctions. They are at most sub-
OF NBW SOUTH WALES. 71
generic, and considering how many are absent from onr species
I don't think we are justified in going further than ^r.
Woodward proposes, that is writing this species in fatore thus —
LiUorina (Tectaria) pyramidalis, Qaoy.
The following LiUoriruB (Tectaria) are described in Reeve and
Ghenn possessing tubercles on the spire. The type is L, pagodtu,
which resembles onr shell in the grannies being disposed in a
double line on the upper part of the body whorl, and in a single
line on the spire. L. hicdlor is another very similar ;•!/. huUaia,
Zanzibar, North Australia, and Reeve adds New Zealand, but
this is an error ; L, coronaria, Phillip Islands ; L, tectum jpersicum,
L, spinuhsa, Singapore ; L, lemniscata, Cuba, but with L.
malaccana, Fulo-Fenang, so like our L. pyramidalis that the
identity is strongly suspected by me. L. cumingi% Phillip
Islands ; X. dtlatata, Cuba ; L. suhnodosa, Red Sea ; L, rmmcatOy
West Africa, Cuba ; L, vilis, which Reeve gives as from New
Zealand, but Capt. Hutton assures me there is nothing like it.
It looks very much like a young specimen of our L, pyramidalis,
and considering that Reeve misquotes Quoy, and gives New
Zealand as the habitat of our shell instead of Van Dieman, we
may certainly erase L. vilis from our lists. • L, feejeensis (?)
Feejee ; L, natalensis, Natal ; L. trochoides^ hab. P L. gra/nosa,
Guinea.
To sum up the results of this paper my conclusions are : —
1. That the LittormidoB of Australia so closely resemble the
genus Littorvna of Europe that they cannot be generically
separated from it.
2. That the genus lUseUa should be suppressed, as no perma-
nent generic character can be defined in it, and there is only
one species which is extremely variable.
3. That the species known to some authors as Tectaria
pyramidalis is merely LiUorina^ with a double line of granules,
which feature does not entitle it to generic distinction, since it
shows it with many other species. If it be considered as belong-
ing to the sub-genus, it should be remembered that it is destitute
of many of the defined characters of Tectaria.
* There are many migtakes in the habitats of Reeve, which strongly dispose one to think
that they arose from his regarding Van Dieman's Land as a part of New Zealand.
72 THB PB0CBBDIKG8 OF THB tiKKBAN SOCIBTT
4. That onr Littorina mawritiana is probably identical with the
Littorina coBrulescens of Europe, and that L. ziczac, unifoLsdaia,
and undulata are merely varieties.
5. That all of oar species have in the anterior apertare a
groove or line, often conspicnonsly light in color, which is in
some way connected with the organs of reprodnction.
Descriptions of five species of new Birds, from Torres Straits and
New Oninea, <fec.
By E. P. Ramsay, F.L.S.
On a supposed new species of Lory, allied to Lorius hyp<eno-
CHROUS of Gray, from Cloudy Bay, South Coast, New Guinea.
Lorius hyposnochrous (G. R. Gray) var.
Head and nape deep black, abdomen and a broken band across
the interscapular region black, with a faint violet tinge ; a
narrow line of crimson feathers round the back of the neck ; a
black band across the interscapular region, the lower portion
mottled with crimson feathers ; the back, rump, upper tail
coverts, and the basal half of the tail feathers both above and
below, the flanks, breast, chest, sides of the head and throat,
and the under wing-coverts, rich crimson, the concealed parts of
the breast and chest feathers becoming yellow near the base ;
thighs and under tail-coverts deep violet blue, the apical half of
the tail feathers olive yellow below, blackish violet-blue above.
Wings above green, blackish on the margins of the shoulders ;
the scapularus tinged with olive chiefly on their outer webs, the
primaries and secondaries deep green on the outer webs, the
former becoming blackish at the tips, the latter black on the tips
of the inner web ; all the wing quills deep bright yellow on the
inner webs from near the tip to the base, the yellow covering the
whole of the under surface of the wing except at the end of the
primaries. Fleshy skin saving the eye purple ; bare line at base
of mandibles yellowish. Bill coral red, deepest at the base ; legs
and feet black.
THB PBO0BEDIKG8 OF THE LTKNEAN SOCIETY 73
Total length, 10*4 in. ; wing, 6'7 ; tail, 4*5 ; tarsus, 0'9 ; bill
from foreliead, 1*2 ; Gulmen, 1*3.
Hah,f Cloudy Bay, South Coast, New Guinea.
This species of Lory conies very close to Dr. Gray*s descrip-
tion of LoriiM hypcenochrcmHy but differs in haying the whole of
the abdomen black, and a black band across the interscapular
region, and in the color of the under tail-coverts ; also in the
concealed yellow spot near the base of the breast and chest
feathers ; but notwithstanding these differences this may
however hereafter prove to be only a very old male of Lorius
hypcBnochrous ; shonld it, however, prove distinct, I am desirous
it should bear the name of Loiius Oulielm% in honor of S. B.
Williams, Esq., of the Paradise and Victoria Nurseries, London,
who has so liberally equipped Mr. Goldie for his botanical explo-
rations in New Guinea, from whom I have received this specimen.
Pitta nova^hibemicce. sp. no v.
From the Rev. George Brown's collection, obtained in New
Ireland. and the Duke of York Islands, the Museum purchased a
PittUy which, until lately, I considered to be a young female of
Pitta macJeloti, of Temm. Signer D'Albertis, however, pointed
ont that this conld not be the case, and showed me a fine series
in his collection from the Fly River. I have also examined
young of both Bexes in the Dobroyde collection, and in that
of the Australian Museum, where the young of P. machloii
distinctly show the black coloring on the throat and the black
line which separates in the adult, the broad blue chest-band from
the crimson of the breast and abdomen. The New Ireland bird,
for which I propose the name of Pitta novce-hibemicce, resembles
P. maclotii very closely, but the black on the throat, and the
black band below the blue on the chest is not found ; the
forehead and crown of the head are of a dull brown, washed
with rust-red ; the occiput and nape are of a bright rust-red ;
sides' of the head and throat dull rusty-brown, ear-coverts and
narrow line of feathers over the eye blue, like the chest ; all the
under surface crimson, but of not quite so deep in tint as in
P. machloU; the back and remainder of the plumage, and the
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 71
white spots on shonlders and the primaries, the same as in that
species. Bill, dark brown ; legs, brownish grey.
Total length, 6 inches ; wings, 3*2 ; tail, 1*5 ; tarsus, 1*55 ;
bill from forehead, 1*05, from £^pe 1*15.
nah,y New Ireland.
Pachycephdla fidigmata. sp. nov.
Adult male. The whole of the head, lores, ear-coverts, sides of
the neck, and a broad band across the chest, sooty black ; the
throat, breast, nnder wing-coverts, abdomen, flanks and nnder
tail coverts, and a narrow line at the base of the tail feathers on
the inner web, white ; tail above blackish brown ; the centre two
tail feathers margined and tipped and the remainder slightly
margined at the base on the enter web only with bluish ashy-
like the back ; brown below ; very narrow blackish shaftlines
down the feathers on the back. Wings blackish brown above,
the margins of all the feathers on the outer webs bluish ashy-
grey ; lower part of the hind neck, wing-coverts, shoulders, back
rump and upper tail coverts bluish lead-grey ; the basal portion
of the wing feathers on the under surface, margined with white
on their inner webs ; bill, black ; legs and feet blackish lead
color.
Total length, 6 inches ; wing, 3'5 ; tail, 2*7 ; tarsus, 0*73 ; bill
from forehead, 0*7.
The black of the ear-coverts is joined to that of the chest by
a broad black band down the side of the neck.
Hah, South-East coast of New Guinea.
This species is about the size of P. rufiventris, and resembles
P. leucogastra of Salvadori and D'Albertis, but has no trans-
verse vermiculations on the back.
Pachycephdla collaris, sp. nov.
The whole of the head and nape black ; pectoral band black,
narrow, joining the ear-coverts ; round the back of the neck
from the breast a distinct deep yellow collar ; all the remainder
of the upper surface olive ; quills of the wing blackish brown,
margined on the outer webs with ashy-grey, on the inner at the
base with white ; wing- coverts above blackish, broadly margined
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 75
with olive-grey; throat white, all the remainder of the under
-snrface, and the under and tail and wing-coverts bright yellow ;
tail olive-brown above, dull brown below ; bill black ; legs dark
brown.
Total length, 6 inches ; wing, 37 ; tail, 27 ; tarsus, 0*95 ;
bill, 0-9.
Hab, Gourtance Island, South-East coast. New Guinea.
Adult femaile. Grown, sides of the head, neck, and all the
upper surface dull brown, of an earthy tint ; wings blackish
brown, margined with lighter brown ; tail dull earthy-brown
above, lighter below ; ear-coverts rich earthy-brown, which color
becoming lighter extends to the sides of the chest, and forms an
indistinct band across it ; throat to the chest white, breast and
abdomen deep yellow ; under tail-coverts paler yellow, under
wing-coverts white, washed with yellow. Bill, black ; legs,
lead -grey.
Total length, 6-3 in. ; wing, 3-5 ; tail, 2 6; tarsus, I'l; bill, 0*9.
I have provisionally described this bird as the female of
P. colla/ris. It may hereafter prove to be a distinct species.
Stigmatops alho'auricularis. sp. nov.
Adult male. All the upper surface of the body, head, wing
and tail, dull brown, faintly, mesially shaded with darker tint ;
the wing-quills above narrowly margined with olive, below the
inner webs margined with white ; axilliaries white ; sides of the
face, sides of the neck, chest, breast and upper part of abdomen,
mottled with white and brown ; the feathers themselves brown,
with white margins on either side, but give the appearance of a
white ground with . rows of triangular spots of brown ; under
tail-coverts and flank-feathers whitish, mesially shaded with
brown; below the eye and the ear-coverts are covered with
minute silvery-white feathers ; bill, black ; legs, lead-blue.
Total length to tip of bill, 5 inches; wing, 27; tail, 2*4;
tarsus, 07 ; bill, 0-9.
This species comes near to GlycipMla Caledonica of E. B. Oray,
but has no olive except on the wings ; the spots on the breast are
continued on to the abdomen.
Hcib. South-East coast of New Guinea.
76 THE PBOCKKDIN08 OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
EXHIBITS.
Mr. Macleaj exhibited a beaatifal coloared drawing by Mr.
Mnrraj, of a species of Medusa^ which had been lately abundant in
Port Jackson. He stated that he had never seen the animal before,
and that none of the fishermen of the port remembered having
seen it ; but that he had no doubt that it was the Felagia pano-
pyra of Lesson, a species abundant in the tropical Atlantic. He
also remarked that the eight filaments attached to the outer rim
of the umbrella were annulose, like an annelid, and capable of
great extension and contraction. For some weeks they had been
very numerous in all parts of the harbour, but had completely
disappeared after the storm on the first and second of this
month. Mr. Macleay also exhibited a specimen of Argotiauta
argo with the animal, caught in Fort Jackson ; also drawings of
Trilohitcs by Mr. G. Jenkins, from the Upper Silurian beds of
Yass ; also coloured drawings of an Aplysia and two species of
Monacanthus from Fort Jackson.
Mr. Ramsay exhibited a few rare birds collected by the Museum
Collector (Mr. Alexander Morton) who accompanied Mr. Ooldie's
expedition to the south coast of New Gruinea ; also some birds
which he had lately received from the north-west coast of New
Guinea, includiug the following species : — Parotia sexpennisy Tar-
adisia raggiana, Loris hypcenochrous, (var.), Janthcenas RawUn-
siynif Ptilopus perlatay Ptilopus cornulatus, Tanysipiera Galatea^ T,
OarolincBy Pitta macMotiy Pitta NovoB-Hibemicay Pitta Novce-OuinecBy
Oampephaga melasy Pachycephala fuliginatay Pachycephala collarisy
also a new species of tortoise and some birds, believed to be new,
from Mr. Goldie's collection, which will be described hereafter.
OP NEW SOUTH WALBS. 77
MONDAY, JULY 29th, 1878.
The President, W. J. Stephens, Esq., M.A., in the Chair.
MEMBER ELECTED.
The Secretary announced that Baron N. de Miklncho-Maclaj
had been elected an Honorary Member of the Society.
DONATIONS.
From the Soci6t6 Entomologiqae de Belgique : Gompte Bendn
Serie 11., No. 61.
From Baron F. Von MtQler : Organic Constituents of Plants, by
Dr. Willstein, translated by the Donor.
From Dr. B. Schomburgk : Forest Tree Planting and its influence
on Climate, by the Donor.
From Baron Miklucho-Maclay : Anthropoligische Bemerknngen
ueber die Papuas der Maclay-Kuste in Neu-Guinea ; Ueber
Brachyocephalitat bei den Papuas von Neu-Guinea ; Ethno-
logische Bemerkungen ueber die Papuas der Maclay-Kuste
in Neu-Gninea ; Do. do., Part II. ; Meine Zweite Excursion
nach Neu-Qninea, 1874; Einiges iiber die Dialecte der
Melanesischen Yolkerothafben in der Malayischen Halbinsel ;
Ethnologische Excursionen in der Malayischen Halbinsel,
Nov., 1874— Oct., 1875., by the Donor.
Babon Miklucho-Maclat advocated the establishment of a
Zoological Station, near Sydney, and explained the benefits
to scientific research afforded by such institutions. The sug-
gestion was warmly supported by the Rev. J. E. Tenison- Woods,
F.G.S, <fec., and other members of the society.
PAPERS BEAD.
Descriptions of seven new species of Terrestial and Marine Shells
from Australia. By John Brazier, C.M.Z.S., Corr. M. Roy.
Soc. Tas^y <fec., &c.
7b THS pmocsxDnros of tu lutitb^k socibtt
* 1. Hilh Bebias, sew sp., pi. 8, fig. 1.
Shell ambilicated, depresslj-globose, thin, obliqnelj finely
granulated, fnlTons, ornamented with one rather broad chestnnt
band on the centre contigaooB to the antore, above the centre
two thread like lines ; sntnre dark lined, crennlated ; spire
sub-conoid, rather obtuse at the apex ; whoris 5^, rather convex,
the last slightlj descending in front, rounded at the periphery,
convex at the base, umlnlicus small, dark broad chestnnt band
encircling it ; aperture nearly diagonal. Innately circular ; peri-
stome bluish brown ; margins approximating, columellar margin
broadly reflected concealing half of the umbilicus.
Diam. maj. 17^, min. 18., alt 10| lines.
Hob. — Garden Island, Rockingham Bay, Queensland. (Mr,
0. E. Beddome.)
* 2. Helix Zebina, kew sp. pi. 8, fig.2.
Shell imperforate, rather solid, somewhat globoselj-conical,
whole surface transversely granulated with lengthened grains
(as seen under the lens), towards the apex they become finer,
pale straw-yellow with numerous spiral chestnut lines and bands ;
suture ornamented with a rather broad band ; spire rather large,
broadly conical, obtuse ; whorls 5^, rather convex, last large,
dilated and produced in front, deflected above ; aperture diagonal,
ovately-lunate, whitish within ; peristome straight, expanded and
slightly reflected ; margins approximating joined by a thin callus ;
columellar light brown thickened and expanded covering the
whole of the umbilicus.
Diam. maj. 19, min. 13., alt 13| lines.
Hab. — Ranges about the Douglas River, Queensland. (Mr.
C. E, Beddome J
* 3. Helix Bala, new sp., pi. 8, fig. 4.
Shell umbilicated, conoidly semi-globose, moderately solid,
nearly smooth, bright chestnut ; spire conoidly-convex, above light
brown ; apex obtuse, suture slightly crenulated ; whorls 5, slowly
increasing, the last large, roundly convex, descending in front ;
• The species marked with an asterisit are in my collecti«>T),
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 79
flattisb at the base, aperture nearly diagonal, roondly-lnnate ;
peristome moderately thickened and reflected, interior flesh tinged ;
margins approximating; columellar margin broadly expanded
covering one half of the nmbilicns and joined by a thin callns to
the npper margin.
Diam. maj. 17, min. 13|., alt. 11 lines.
Hob, — Castle Hill, near TownsviUe, Cleveland Bay, Queens-
land. Also, Magnetic Island. (^Mr, 0, E, Beddome.)
* 4 Helix Mazee, new sp., pi. 8, fig. 5.
Shell with the nmbilicns nearly covered, globosely turbinated,
rather thick, minutely granulated, obliquely striated, ornamented
with spiral chestnut lines and bands, darker and more rugose at
the suture ; whorls 5^, slightly convex, last large and descending
in front ; spire conical, apex obtuse ; aperture diagonal, ovately
lunate ; peristome thickened and rather broadly reflected, interior
of aperture blue black, margins approximating and joined by a
thin callus, the right deflected above near the centre ; collumellar
margin rounded and expanded into a broad plate partly over the
umbilicus.
Diam. maj. 19, min. 14|., alt 15 lines.
Hab. — Waterview Scrubs near Cardwell, Rockingham Bay,
Herbert River, Queensland. (Mr. 0, E, Beddome.)
The specimens of this species from the Herbert River run all
very small ; those from the coast range scrubs are very large and
conical, having very thick lips with dark chestnut behind.
* 5. Helix Nicomede, new sp., pi. 8, fig. 6.
Shell umbilicated, depressly globose, very thin, shining,
distinctly obliquely striated and granulated throughout, light
brown, encircled with one pale yellowish band just showing
above the suture ; whorls 6, slowly increasing, moderately convex,
scarcely descending in front ; periphery with faint keel, base
convex, smoother than the upper surface, aperture diagonal,
roundly lunate; peristome white, simple, straight, margins
scarcely approaching, expanded and reflected anteriorly, colu-
mellar margin rather broadly reflected on to the body whorl.
Diam- maj 18^, min. 15., alt. 12 lines.
80 THE PB0CBEDIKG8 OF THE LINNEAN SOCIBTT
Hah. — Gardwell, Rockingham Bay, Queensland, Gbnld Island
in Rockingham Bay. (Mr, 0, E, Beddome,)
• Var. a. — Thinner, darker in color on the upper surface, gra-
nulation finer, light yellowish band following the suture
spirally to the Apex.
Diam. maj. 13, min. 10|., alt. 8 lines.
• Var. h. — Thicker, light straw yellow, upper surface granulated
obliquely rugosely striated, keel more distinctly seen on the
periphery; peristome scarcely reflected at the columellar
margin.
Diam. maj. llf, min. 9|., alt. 7 lines.
The two varieties come &om Grould Island, and are much
smaller than those from the Mainland.
• 6. Helix Beddomj!, new sp., pi. 8, fig. 7.
Shell umbilicated, globose, inflated, very thin, distinctly
obliquely striated, granulated from left to right, taking somewhat
of a zig-zag form, smoky yellow, with a chestnut band under the
suture, having a faint broad one above, giving it a darker color ;
body whorl from the periphery, dark chestnut ; spine somewhat
globular, suture smooth ; whorls 5|, slightly convex, slowly
increasing, the last roundly convex, descending a little in front ;
aperture nearly diagonal, roundly lunate ; peristome below
slightly raised somewhat in the form of a small obtuse callus like
tooth, bluish white, very little expanded or reflected ; margins
rather distant, joined by a thin bluish white callus ; columellar
margin broadly expanded and reflected on the umbilicus.
Diam. maj. 23, min. 18, alt. 17 lines.
Hah. — 20 miles north-west of Gardwell, Rockingham Bay,
Queensland, in the ranges at an altitude of 3,500 feet.
(Mr. G. E. Beddome).
This beautiful shell isfvery thin, the granulations on its surface
are distinctly seen with the naked eye, some run straight,
some oblique or zigzag ; the sculpture can only be compared to
a fine double cross-cut file. The species is allied in color to Helix
hipartita, Fer.
or NEW SOUTH WALES. 81
7. VoLUTA Bednalli, new sp., pi. 8, fig. 3.
Sbell ovately fhsifonn, longitudinaUj- distinctly striated, white,
with four reddish brown transverse bands, the npper just beneath
the sntnre, one above being much finer ; spire rather elevated,
apex obtuse ; ornamented with rather broad waved longitudinal
reddish brown lines breaking off in the centre in the form of
blotches; whorls 6, convex, the last forming nearly the whole of
the shell, aperture narrow, white within ; columella straight,
covered with a thin callus, furnished with four plaits, the two
upper being nearly transverse, the lower two nearly oblique.
Length 39, diam. 15 lines.
Hob, — Port Darwin, north coast of Australia (Mr, William
Tompson BednalT).
Only a single specimen of this fine species has been obtained,
its peculiar regular longitudinal thread-like strisa, and transverse
and longitudinally waved reddish brown bands breaking off into
blotches in the centre on the dorsal surface, mark a species that
will never get confused with such species as 'piperita^ Macgillivrayi
BnjLckeri, Kmg% Sclateri, Angasif VMd/ulata, Twmeriy voha, reticulata^
Beeveiy Lordsi, and ElUoti.
I take great pleasure in naming this after its owner, Mr. W.
Tompson Bednall, a zealous collector of shells from North and
South Australia.
On Bulimus Dufresnii.
By the Rev. J. E. Tenison- Woods, F.G.S., F.L.S., Hon. Cor.
Mem. Linn. Soc, N.S.W., &o., &c.
Plate VIL
The process of describing and cataloguing various representa-
tives of our Australian fauna has proceeded so far that I think
the time has come when we can commence to call attention to
the many variations to which species are subject, probably also,
to reduce considerably the number of species and even genera.
No one can question that a very great number of our species will
have to be reduced as observations are extended ; and in no
department will this be more necessary than in ^ that of the land
82 THE PB0CEBDIN<]h8 OF THE LINNBAN 80CIBTT
shells. Yet it must not be imagined that this is due to a faolt
in the observers or to any recklessness in the multiplication of
species. In some cases, it has been from the necessary difficulties
attending scientific observations in a new country. I don't mean
as to synonomy, or the description by two persons each
unaware of the other's labours, but the necessarily incomplete
manner in which observations must be made in the first instance.
Thus an explorer may find one or two specimens of a shell which
is very common and subject to great variation. Another may
find the variety and regard it a species. No one can blame the
observer. He is doing what is best for the interest of science.
He remarks certain difierences, and, if they are valid and
important, he has no right to assume that the species with which
he has to deal is specifically one with some other. He should in
the interest of science state his suspicions and point out the
resemblance, and when intermediate varieties have been found,
but not until then, the group should be united, and the
variation described. The material for doing this is rapidly
accumulating in our hands. And perhaps as it does so, it may
not be out of place to remark that the greatest consideration and
respect should be shown to the pioneers of science. It is a great
temptation to young observers to glorify themselves at the
expense of the mistakes of their predecessors, or on the superior
knowledge which has accumulated since their time. But they
little realize how very large is the debt that we owe to those men,
and how their labours, incomplete or faulty as they may have
been, represent an amount of care, study, industry, and zeal that
we cannot easily command at the present. Perhaps I may be
pardoned for transcribing a remark of Dr. Philip P. Carpenter
on this subject, which will have all the more weight as it comes
from one of the most eminent conchologists of later times. He
says, " An instructive lesson in candour and forbearance may be
learnt by comparing together the works of any two naturalists of
equal celebrity, or by comparing either of these with the types.
With the best desire for accuracy and the greatest care, it is
hardly possible for an author to describe so that his readers shall
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 83
see shells as he sees them. If this be trae of such fall and precise
diagnosis as those of Adams and Ooold, how much greater must
be the difficulty to foreigners of recognizing shells from the brief
descriptions of Broderip, Lamarck, and the older writers
generally."*
I make these remarks because in the species with which I
propose to deal it will be seen that different authors have
described differently even when those authors were of such high
authority, as Quoy and Graimard, and Baron Ferussac ; and I
trust, as our Australian sience advances, and as old errors are
cleared away, the philosophers to come will as much distinguish
themselves by modesty, patience, justice, and candour, as zeal
industry, and self sacrifice have adorned those who have passed
away.
The variations on the shell I now call attention to are
instructive in another way. They show peculiarities which mimic
even generic differences in marine shells. Shape, color, and size
are often relied upon as specific distinctions, and in many
instances no doubt they are. But in BuUmvs Dufrestdiyf the size
Taries in an extraordinary degree, and so does the color, but
within certain limits. If it were not for those limits, the shape
would lead us astray, for it varies from almost cylindrical to
globular. But the lip is at times sinuous to an extent which
would make it like a Daphnella among marine shells. All these
variations in what is undoubtedly the same species are not
dependent either upon climate or station, and they point to one
Tiaeful conclusion, which is, that land shells may vary so widely
and completely that there is no antecedent improbability that our
numerous species may be found to belong to a comparatively few
specific types.
The •shell now under notice belongs to the genus Bulimus
(Bov\i/MUi great hunger or voracity) which was erected by
Scopoli in 1786. J I need not give any reference to the host of
• BmHew of Prof. C. B. Adorns Cat. (nf the SheUs of Pcmama, by PhUip P. Carpenter,
B.A y &c. ZooL Soc. Proc. June, 1863.
t Written B. Ihifrenii by Quoy and Oaimard, in order, J suppose, more completely to
Latinize the name.
X In his Delieice Faunas tU Flor. Inmbr., according to Brugiere but more probably in
the Introd. ad Hist Natur., Prague, 1777.
84 THB PBOCBBDIKG8 OF THB LUTKBAH SOCIETY
genera incladed under this name bat it was probably adopted
from Adanson (Rist Nat, du Senegal, OoqmUages. Paris 1757),
and incladed Zdmnea, BUhynia^ and Suednea, It is now restricted
to ovo-viviparoas land shells, oblong and tarretted in form, and
with the longitudinal margins nneqaal, toothless, or dentate,
colamella entire, rerolate extemaUy, or nearly simple-; peristome
simple or expanded. The species are very nnmeroas, and they
are divided into many genera and subgenera by various authors.
Some copy the etymology of Adanson and write " BuUn/us,** but
Messrs. Adams restrict this to fluviatile shells as probably its
author intended, and they define their Btdimas thus : " Shell
solid sub-imperforate, or with the perforation covered, oval, or
ovately oblong, last whorl ventricose equalling the spire; aperture
oblong oval, columella rather straight, rarely plicate ; peristome
thick, expanded, reflected and sometimes arcuate, the margins
joined by a callus, the columella dilated, reflected.*" They thus
restrict the genus to those species proper to tropical America. They
make a genus named Flacostylus which they derive from Beckf
in which they place imperforate shells, oblong-conic, rugosely
striated, last whorl a little shorter than the spire, aperture oblong,
oval, or irregular ; columella tortuous, arcuately plicate, peristome
thick, reflexly expanded, the margins united by a shining tuber-
culated callus, the columellar (margin ?) dilated, appressedj."
The genus would seem to come very close to Auricula in ap-
pearance. Its geographical range according to the authors is the
Australian Islands, New Caledonia, and Australia. But none of
the species enumerated by the authors occur in Australia. The
sub-genus Oaryodes, Albers,|| was adopted by them from the
author just named, for solid imperforate oblong oval shells with
plaits at the suture, the last whorl equalling the spire, a rather
straight columella and a simple obtuse peristome. They include
in this section Bulimus Baconi Benson (Ann, Nat. Hist., vol. 13,
p. 19, 1854) and B. Dufresnii. Dr. Cox, in his Monograph of
Australian Land Shells,^ very properly removes B. Baconi from
* Oenera of Recent Mollvsca, vol. 2, p. 146.
t Index. Mollusc. Principis Christ. Fredericr, i-to, Hafn., 1837.
I Adams loc. cit., p. 163, pi. 75, fig. 5.
II Heliceeiij Albert, Leipzic, 1860, 2nd edit.y p. 228, Genus Buliminus. § P. 73.
OP KEW SOUTH WALBS. 85
ibe Bubgenns as it is perforate, but he includes in it another
species BtiJmiTis Angasiantis, described by Pfeifier in the Zool.
Soc. Proc, 1863, p. 628. I shall now proceed to notice the
remarks of the more important authors on B. Dufresnii, It may
be remarked in passing that Albers included his Oaryodes as a
subgenus of BuliminvA Ehrenberg, which was for ovate or ovately
conical thin land shells, whose ovate aperture did not reach or
did not exceed the whole length, with a peristome ofben expanded,
nnequal margins and a narrow simple columella.
Bulmvus DufresnU was originally described by Leach, in the
Zoological Miscellcuivy, vol 2, page 153 to 154, and plate 120.
Dr. Leach, as most readers are aware, was a curator of the
British Museum, whose ability according to Swainson was equal
to his zeal, and who in trying to bring order into the vast
nnweildy collection over which lie was placed, fell a sacrifice to
incessant labour. In trying to arrange some of the curiosities
pouring in from the colonies, he described some of our land
shellsy and BuUnvus Dufresnii was amongst them. I have not
seen his diagnosis, but it is only of consequence now to observe
that he classed the shell as a Eelia^, In 1827, when Messrs.
Quoy and Gaimard visited Tasmania in the Astrolabe,* they met
with this species and were able to make complete observations
on the shell and on the animal which they characterize thus :
^* Helix, testa ovata, oleaformi, vmperforata, longitrorswrri tenuiter
striata anfractihus qumis, convexis, tdtimo fasciis luteis et fuscis
cincto; apertm'a ampla, suhsemihinata, lahro simplici.^^ — (Shell
ovate olive shaped, imperforate reddish, finely striate lengthwise,
convex, whorls five, last zoned with yellow and brown bands ;
aperture ample, somewhat semilunar, labrum simple.)
To this description they add the following remarks : " The
shell of this elegant species is of the size and shape of a little
olive, solid, quite oval with a large and obtuse spire, the whorls
of which are rounded, wide, the last larger than all the others
together and ventricose. The aperture is rather large and a
little semilunar; the peristome is simple, somewhat thick,' the
Voyage de F Astrolabe, Zoologie voL 2, p. 118 ; also, plate 10^ fig. 1 to 3.
g6 THB PSOCKSDINOS OF THB LINHBAK 80CIBTY
colamella slightly twisted and white.* There is only a very
faint umbilioos. The shell is finely striate lengthwise. These
strisB widen on the edge of the sntnres where they form little
irregular folds. The general color is a greenish yellow, streaked
with brown encircled on the last two whorls of the spire with a
little chestnat brown band, bordered by yellow lines at the two
sides; a wide brown band proceeds from the snmmit of the
peristome, taras roand the columella, and is prolonged anteriorly
on to the last whorl. The summit of the spire is brownish. In
its young state the shell is globular, with a rounded aperture, in
which the brown bands are perceptible. The animal has long
posterior tentacles, while the«anterior ones are of medium length.
The mouth is in the midst of a muzzle of two lobes. All the
upper part of the body as well as the sides are brown or almost
black, shot with reddish. The foot is yellow underneath and
when fully extended hardly reaches behind the shell. This
Helix inhabits the Island of Van Dieman. It is not very
common. We found it hidden under stones on the hills around
Hobart Town. Some individuals were provided with an epi-
phragma.t Length 11 lines, thickness 5.
In Ferussac and Deshayes' Hist. Nat. des MoUusques, vol. 2,
part 2, p. 76f we find the following synonomy and notice.
Leach is referred to as above. Quoy and Qaimard, ditto.
Ferussacu ProdomuSf pi. 48, n. 330, Bowditch Elements of Oon-
chology,X pi. 8, fig. 21, Paris, 1822. Deshayes in Lamarck,
vol. 8, p. 24j6, no. 54. Catlow's Oonchological NomenclatoTj
p. 154, no. 112. Orthostylis Dufresnii Beck Ind.f p. 50, no. 9.
Pfeiflfer Monograjph Heliceomm vi/uorum, t. 2, p. 168, no. 444,
Reeve Icon., plate 37, fig. 219. Habitat : Van Dieman's Land.
Shell oblong oval thick and solid with a somewhat elongated
spire, convex, obtuse at the summit, five flattened whorls joined
by a suture bordered by a slight plaited margin. Last whorl
rather large, subcylindrical convex at the base and imperforate.
The aperture is of medium size, oval, dilated at the base, attenuated
• All those detail show that the species would not enter into Ehrenbcrg's genus Buliminus.
t I can hardly tell what is referred to here.
t A very meritorious work including the animals and fossil genera ; published in Paris,
little known to English readers. It has become very scarce.
OF NBW SOUTH WALBS, 87
behind, its edge without being reflected, is not qaite trenchant.
It is obtuse and in profile it shows lengthwise a convex sinnosity
in front. The columella is short and rather conspicuously
twisted on itself. A left margin rather thick is detached and
abuts on the upper end of the opening. Coarse lines of growth
ooyer the surface, but generally they are almost effaced.
The surface is marked with fine punctuations which disappear
insensibly towards the base. The color of this shell is a little
variable. It is of a uniform maroon brown. The last whorls
bears a cincture formed of a whitish band rather broad, parted
into two equal portions by a narrow and very neat brown zona
The interior is of a pale violet brown. There is a variety which
is described as much smaller, narrower and subcylindrical. The
large individuals are 37 millim. long, 20 wide and the variety is
29 by 13.
This description gives us an idea of how little is really gained
by elaborate and minute details. From what will appear subse-
quently, or by consulting the plate, it will be seen how few of
these particulars of color and shape are definite. The specimens
referred to would be nearer fig. 4 than any other, and that is
rather an exceptional form. The figures in Ferussac's Atlas are
highly colored, and would not readily be recognized.
The description of Reeve is very brief. He says, " Shell
cylindrically ovate, olive shaped, obtuse at the apex ; whorls five
to six in number minutely granulated towards the apex, crenu-
lated along the margin ; columella slightly receding, lip simple ;
yellowish green, banded and lineated with dark olive brown.
The painting of this species is mostly represented by a
conspicuous central band, with fine longitudinally waved lines
above and below it." The coloring of Reeve's figure leaves much
to be desired ; and, in general, I think such figures are better lefb
uncolored.
I shall now proceed to examine the variations to which the
species is subject. First, as to the shape. It will be seen from
fig. 1, 6, of the plate that when the shell emerges from the egg,
it is obliquely sub-orbicular, and that subsequently it is generally
88 THB PROCEEDINGS OF THE LIKKEAK SOCIETY
ovate. But the width of the oval varies considerably. In the
three specimens selected from St. Leonards, near Launoeston,
figs. 2 a, b, and c ; one (fig. 2 a,) is almost globose ; 2 b, is less
so, while 2 c, is lengthened oval, much more attenuated at the
apex than any other except fig. 5 b, a specimen from BothwelL*
This globular habit is not due to age, for in fig. 6 a, we have 'a
full gr6wn form from Ringarooma, which is even still more
globose and tumid. In fig. 4, a specimen from Macquarie
Harbor,t we have a globose form yet again differing from the
preceding, and with a very obtuse spire. I have placed three
shells side by side in the plate, namely fig. 3 a, 4, and 3 b, in
order to show the contrast of the variation in shape. Figs. 3 a,
and b, are from Port D&vejX, and fig. 4, as already stated, from
Macquarie Harbor. In figs. 7 a, b, and c, we hav.e other
specimens from Macquarie Harbor, which equally vary in size
and shape. I draw attention also to the form of the apex, which
is very obtuse in fig. 4, 6 a and b ; moderately so in 2 a and b,
3 a, 5 a, 7 b, aifid almost acute in 2 c, 7 c, 5 b. The form of
the aperture is equally varied ; in 2 a, 5 b, 7 a and b, and 4 it is
subquadrat-e, while in 5 b, it is narrowly pyriform, in 2 b, 3 a,
and 3 b, a little wider but of the same shape. In fig. 5 a, the
last whorl is produced so as to make the form oblique. The
columella is also extremely variable. In 2 a, it is very much bent,
contorted, and truncate, while the inner lip is reflected, giving
rise to a false umbilicus. This reflexion of the lip is seen also to
a smaller extent in fig. 2 b, but no trace of it remains in fig. 2 c,
where the pillar is twisted almost to a plait. In figs. 3 a and b,
from Port Davey, there is no perceptible reflexion of the columella.
When the animal is taken fresh out of the shell, the whole
of the aperture and part of the columella has a kind of silky
enamel, which is quite transparent, and allows the coloring of the
shell to be seen very clearly. But if the shell becomes dead, this
enamel alters to an opaque chalk white, and quite conceals the
color of the aperture, though it must be a lining of the most
• About 50 miles north of Hobart, and St. Leonards is about 120 miles.
t Formerly a convict station on the west coast, but now uninhabited,
i On the extreme south west of the island, now only occupied by a few timber sawyers
and splitters.
I
\
I
, t
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 89
extreme tenuity. Generally the outer lip or labrum slopes away
in a smooth acute edge. In figure 4 we have an instance of a
distinct sinus near the suture very like what is seen in the
marine genera Bwphnella, Bela, Mangelia, ^c. This is supposed
to be connected with a slit in the posterior side of the mantle of
the animal. In the shell figured, probably the animal had a
mantle thrown more forward in the direction of the centre of the
lips, and the apparent sinus is due to the secretion of the shell
being more abundant in that direction. It affords a curious
instance of an abnormal character being imitative and apt to
deceive collectors who rely upon a single individual. The
specimen, when handled, shows the sinus in a more remarkable
manner than can be expressed in a figure. The plaits or rugose
edges of the whorls at the suture are not visible on the larger
specimens, while on the smaller they extend down the whole
length of the shells. In some shells, and generally the small
ones, the surface is shining and almost polished, but in the
others, especially those which are globose, the surface is silky,
and under the microscope has a decussated appearance like woven
cloth. In these specimens the spiral strisB are close and con-
spicuous, especially towards the summit.
I have mentioned already that the color varies but within
certain limits, and were it not for these limits and a certain
general resemblance in the pattern, I am sure many species
would have been made of Bulimus Dufresnii. This general
resemblance is| in the permanence of one or two spiral yellow
bands on the basal whorl. The body color varies from light
yellow (fig. 7a), chestnut brown (fig. 6a), rich deep maroon
brown (fig. 4), and dull pale olive (fig. 6b). The last whorl has
generally all underneath the spiral bands of a deeper color than
the rest of the shell, and when the color is yellow or olive this is
a deep rich brown. When there are two yellow bands the
space between has a deep brown narrow band. There seem
but few exceptions to this. Sometimes there are two of the
brown bands. The width of the yellow band varies in every
individual and its color. I have seen a shell of a pink white
90 THB PROCBEDINOS OF THE LTNKEAN SOCIETY
with only one deep purple brown narrow band and no other band
or color. Generally the bands at each side of the darker band
vary from almost dull chrome to almost white. In fact it would
be difficult to imagine anything like the varied pattern which
are produced by the moderate materials of brown and yellow
spiral bands.
We might further enquire what are the purposes served by
these bands of color. My own idea is that they are in some
way connected with the organs of reproduction. I have called
attention in a paper read before the Society at the last meeting
to a similar feature in the LditorinoB, The same peculiarity is
observed in many of the Australian BuUmi. In B, Baconi there
are two broad conspicuous chestnut bands, though from what we
have seen in B. Dufresnii, we might expect them to be one or
two, or broad or narrow, according to the individual. Bulvmus
AngasiantLS, Pfp., has two yellow bands; but we learn from Mr.
Masters, through Dr. Cox, that there is a variety at its habitat
(Port Lincoln, S.A.) which is of a beautiful bright yellow color
with indications of a single spiral reddish line. In B. melo,
Quoy and Qaimard, we ha^e another variable species with spiral
lines. Dr. Cox says with reference to this shell that " it differs
from B. Kingii in diversity of markings, conspicuously differs
from it in the first instance by its greater solidity and less
lengthened form. Menke specifies four varietes. Pfeiffer gives
descriptions of six, and my own collection could furnish others.*"
B. Bidwilli is another species with spiral bands. The three just
named are from Western Australia, but banded forms of coloring
seem to be peculiar to the South of Australia and Tasmania, and
spreading westward. All the Bulvmi found on the east side oi
the continent are of entirely different style of coloring.
It must be remarked that when it said that the pattern of the
coloring is constant within certain limits, that is because naturalists
have regarded those without any bands of color to be of different
species. There is a Bulimus without bands in Tasmania, which
• Dr. Cox, loc, cit., p. 75.
OF NBW SOUTH WALES. 91
is named B, Tctsmanicus,* It is a good deal different in shape
from B. Dufresniiy bat we have seen that such a feature is not of
value. It woald be interesting, to keep some of the live in-
dividuals for some time, and see if the different species would
breed together.
The egg of the B, Dufresnid calls for no particular remark »
except for its size, which is disproportionately large to the animal
which brings it forth. Just before breaking forth, the shell is
very thin, amber colored, and almost developed into the form
figured in the plate fig. 1 b. The shell as well as the egg is so
exceedingly brittle that even an alteration of the temperature is
sufficient to break it, and no doubt it is in this manner that the
imprisoned animal escapes from its enclosure.
In conclusion, I must express my great obligations to Mr.
W. Legrand, of Hobart, author of " Monogra/ph of Taamanian
Land Shells.^* He placed his very extensive collections entirely
at my disposal for descriptions, and I need scarcely say such a
number of varieties could be got together by no ordinary observer.
I have also to thank Dr. J. C. Cox, for the use of his collection.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 7.
Pig. 1 a. — ^Bgg of BuUrnvs Dufresnii.
Pig. 1 b. — Shell just emerged from the egg.
Pig. 2 a.b.c. — Specimens from. St. Leonards, Launceston*
Pig. 3 a.b.
do.
do.
Port Davey.
Pig. 4
do.
do.
Macquarie Hairbor.
Fig. 5 a.b.
do.
do.
Bothwell.
Pig. 6 a.b.
do.
do.
Bingarooma.
Pig. 7 a.b.0.
do.
do.
Macquarie Harbor.
Note. — ^All the figures are natural size.
* It is mttch thinner than B. Dvfremii, more acute and only found near the coast. I
have very little douht that it is identical with B. Kvngii, Gray, of Western Australia, which
bw the following synonomy according to Dr. Cott. Helix trUineata, Q. and 6., and
VerasBac, and Deshayes; B. trilinecttus, Reeve; B, Sayi, Pfr. Proc. Zool. Soc, 1846,
p. 114 ; B. melo, Var. B. Menke Moll. Nov. HolL, p. 7. Tlie species is fotmd in Western
Aagtrtdia, hut no douht has intermediate stations.
t Printed and puhlished hy the author, 1871 ; and I regreji U> JKld, the first edition was
niaU and is now out of print. Copies are exceedingly scarce.
92 THE PBOCEEDINaS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
On Three New Genera and One New Speoies of Madreporaria
Corals, by the Rev. J. B. Tenison-Woods, F.L.S., F.G.S.,
&c,, &c., Hon. Corr. Mem. Linn. Soc, N. S. Wales.
The corals which I now describe T believe to be new, and are
most interesting. Two are from Fiji (Nandi) and the other two
are extratropical and Australian. The first belongs to the family
TurhinolidcBy sub-family Tu/rhinolma, group (probably) Flahellacece.
It is distinguished however in such a way from Flahellum
proper, that in my judgment it should be made the type of a new
genus. Flahellum, it yrill be remembered, is distinguished not
only by its compressed calice of many septa, but also by the
complete absence of pali and any trace of a columella. The
septa are however often thickened and spread out on their
interior edge at the base of the fossa, making what is called a
pseudo columella by their contact. But though they frequently
fill up the base of the fossa, yet the opposite septa do not unite.
In the specimen to which I draw attention, the primary and
tertiary septa which are opposite to one another do unite without
any expansion or alteration beyond a slight thickening, and thus
the spaces included between the primaries and secondaries
become complete compartments, extending continuously from
one side of the calice to the other. The form of the calice also
is certainly not flabellate. It is broadly elliptical, and narrowed
very little below until it suddenly rounds off to a small pedicel.
The peculiar ornamentation of the base, and the general contour
forcibly remind one of an urn or ornamental vase. The affinities
of the genus are probably more with Sphenotrochys than
Flahellum, and if the specimen were in a little better state
of preservation, one could speak more positively as to the
epitheca and the edge of the calice. From the general aspect of
the corallum, I propose for the genus the name of Vasillum, The
following is the diagnosis : —
Vasillum. New genus.
Corallum generally resembling Sphenotrochtis, but in place of a
columella the septa of opposite sides of the calice unite to form
separate compartments.
. OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 93
Vasillum tuberculatum, n. s., pi. 10, figs. 3, 3a, 3b.
Corallam am shaped, attached by a rather small cylindrioal
pedicel ; apparently no epitheca ;* the costaa broad and flat,
divided by slight grooves which correspond with the primary and
secondary septa ; at the base of the ribs, but not at the base of
every one, there is a blunt, prominent and conspicuous tubercle,
symmetrically placed, so that there is one at each end and two at
each side (six in all, corresponding to the systems) of the major
axis ; calice broadly elliptical and rather everted ; ends of major
axis somewhat lower, from which the edge curves upwards to the
minor axis in a zigzag line ; angles of zigzag very obtuse ; the
apices corresponding with the primary and secondary septa, and
therefore with the grooves between the costsB ; fossa shallow
except at the centre where there is a deep groove ; septa in six
systems of four cycles, but the third and fourth, though always
present are merely rudimentary ; primaries aud secondaries
equal, salient, but not exsert, thickened at their point of union ;
the primaries at the end of the major axis of the calice do not
unite with the secondaries which meet in front of them; all
highly granular. Alt. 10, major axis 9|, minor 7, mil. Port
Phillip or Bass Straits. The specimen was forwarded to me by
Prof. McCoy, from examples in the Melbourne National Museum.
I may mention further that when the base of the fossa is ex-
amined by a lens and with a good light, there is a kind of
calcareous deposit in the centre underneath where the septa
janite, and at the end of the major axis, one of the secondaries
se^ds forth a process to unite with a primary. I should say that
the individual was not very young even though the third and
fourth cycles are so rudimentary. It has many analogies with a
fossil described by me from the Muddy Creek beds, in Proc.
Boy. 8oe. tl. 8. Wales, vol 9, (1877), p, 189, and named
Placotrochnis elegans. I think also there is a fossil found still
more nearly allied, but which has not been described, nor is it
just now accessible to me for comparison. Its form was similar
though smaller, and as far as I remember it would belong to the
same genus.
* The speciinea is rather worn, and the details of the epitheca, costse, &c., could not be
wall mad« out.
94 THB PBOCBEDINaS OF THE LIKVXAV 80CIBTT
The new ooral to which I have now to draw attention is a
very remarkable instance of the appearance in the present epoch
of characters which belong to long-extinct forms of life, nnited
to others which are our commonest forms of zoophytic life.
Most geologists are familar with a certain fossil ooral which goes
by the name of Microaolena, It is a zoothome of a dense tissae
with rather deep calices, without paU or distinct walls, with
confluent septa very much perforated or trabecular, and the
whole mass of the calices surrounded by a strongly marked
epitheca. The most marked feature amongst them is their
confluent calices, which renders it difficult to distinguish them
from ThamnastreiB and Oroseris when they are not in a good
state of preservation. They are all lower Mesozoic fossils, the
most of them having been found in the Tipper Jura of France, or
in the Great Oolite of England. Lamouroux (^Exposition metho-
dique des genres de Vordre Polypiers, Oaen 1821, p. 65,) and
subsequently Blainville (Marmel d*actvnologie, 18B4, p. 423),
regarded the fossil which served as the type of the genus, as near
to the TuhuUporos, (wbich are Polyzoa,) because they mistook
the trabecular portions of the septa as tubes which had been
filled up by a process which was then supposed to happen in the
case of Oeriopora. Mons. H. Michelin {Iconographie Zoophyto-
logique. Description des poly piers fossiles de France et des pays
ewoironna/nts fig. par L. Michelin and J. Dela/rue, 1841-1847, p.
227, 1845) was the first to recognize the true character of tbese
corals, but he mistook the genus and named them Aheopora, In
reality says Milne Edwards {Hist. Nat. des Oorallaires voUd,
1860, p, 196,) the genus Microsolena differs very little from
Goscinarcea, and is only distinguished by the lax tissue, the
complete epitheca, and the more scattered trabecular septa.
The genus Microsolena belongs to the second family of Madrb-
PORARIA PERFORATA, the PoRiTiDiE, a division which is characterized
by the reticulate, trabecular and porous sclerenchyma ; the
individuals always closely united together either directly by thin
walls or by the insertion of a spongy ccenenchyma ; they increase
by gemmation which is ordinarily extracalicular and submarginal.
OF NEW SOUTH WALSS. 95
The septal apparel is always more or less distinot, never
oompletely lamellar, and formed only by a series of trabecules,
which constitute by their union a sort of loose and irregular
trellis-work. The walls present the same porous and irregular
structure. The visceral chambers contain at times certain rudi-
mentary traverses, but are never divided by floors* {plcmchers).
This family of Po&itid^ is divided into two groups. 1. Poritin^
= no canenehyma; 2. MoNTiPOBiNiB = oBnenchyma, well developed ;
and it is among the 1st. group that the MieroaolevuB are found.
This group contains nine genera; the first two (Pontes and
BhodarcBo) distinguished by pali, and the other seven (Ooniopora,
Litha/roea, ProtaroBa, Aheopora, Meandraroea, OotinarcBa,) destitute
of those organs.
As already stated, Microaoleiui is distinguished by having all
the individuals enclosed in a strong or compact epitheca, and the
septal apparatus confluent. The zoothome thus resulting is
massive, turbinate, gibbous, digitiform, dendroid or spread out in
plates. There are about twenty fossil species known, and they
appear as late as the later mesozoic rocks.
The coral which I am about to describe is a Microsolena, in
which the septa are not confluent. It would belong to the
iiorbinate division, but must be placed in a genus by itself, for
the septa are not only trabecular irregular and distinct, but the
gemmation is most peculiar, being intracalicular and in congeries
of individuals, rising one above another. The walls are also entire
above, and form more or less complete partitions above with none
of that open spongy tissue which occurs in Aheopora, neither
could I see any of those horizontal partitions across the cells,
which gives to the genus just named that tabulate character of
the ancient Favosites.jc From these peculiarities of the walls,
septa, and mode of gemmation, I propose the erection of a new
genus, to which I give the name Dlechoraa (from S^eyo) to stand
apart in allusion to the non-confluent septa). The ofenus
is thus characterized : —
• Hist Kat. dee Cor., Vol. Z, p. 172.
t On aotoiint of this tabulate structure, a related species of unknown locality has been
ntide the ^jrpe of new genus called Favoritipcra by Mr. W. S. Kent (see Ann. Nat. Hist.,
1870X bat Mr. Dana had already called attention to the structure.
96 THE PB0CBEDING8 OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
DiECHOR^A. New Genus.
Poriti/ruB with the individuals enclosed in a common and
conspicuous epitheca like Microsolena, but with the septa not
confluent, apart and trabecular ; gemmation intracalicular.
DiECHORiEA BOLETIFORMIS, N. 8., PI. 10, fig. 4, magnified
4s diam. fig. 4a, calice, magnif. 6 dia.
Corallum small, turbinate, elliptical, spreading rapidly into a
broadly flaring undulating disc. Peduncle wide, but not so wide
as the summit.* Calices numerous, polygonal, irregular in shape
and size, and all very minute, but some so much longer than
others that they appear to result almost from the confluence of
two. Septa, an irregular series of sharp needle-like points of
every length, sometimes almost stretching from side to side, and
making the interior of the very deep fossa bristle with their
transparent projections ; wall thickly studded with short stout
and very conical points, swollen at the base and always pointing
towards the interior of the fossa. Epitheca in very thick folds
of yellowish, shining, fibrous-like tissue completely covering the
exterior and projecting 'as a thin lamina above the edge.
Inside this there are, in the only specimen I have seen, other
raised rings of epitheca enclosing a number of calices, but only
very slightly (half a millimeter) above the parent. This raised
ring enclosed another circle, also slightly raised, but in this
circle the calices appear incomplete, for they are closed com-
pletely across by a kind of transparent membrane, on which a
few spiculsB like septa are lying, and the walls are more
roughly granular. The whole calicular surface is convex, broadly
elliptical, the ends of the major axis being depressed. The
appearance is very like a small dry Boletus such as grow upon
dry or withered branches Alt. 7, major axis 7, min. 6, mill.
Taken from the side of a dead coral on a reef off" Nandi, Fiji
Group.
We may suppose in this very interesting species that the real
septa upon which the animal rests are the granular points on the
summit of the wall, and that the spiculso or pseudo septa in the
* The specimen was broadly attaclied to a coral, and it seems as if in breaking it off,
some of the points of attachment had been broken as well.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 97
fossa are the sapports for the base of the animal. The calices
themselves are quite microscopic, three or four of them occapjiDg
no more than the space of a millimeter.
I now have farther to introduce to science a very interesting
coral of the tabulate section of Madreporaria (Madreporabia
tabulata). In the third family, the SEBiATOPORiDiB, we have
arborescent corals with an abundant and compact ccenenchymaj
few traces of tabulae, and the visceral chamber filling by the
continuous growth of the walls and columella. The family is
divided into four genera, the first, Seriatopora, remarkable for the
hispid surface and the almost complete absence of septa. They
are all nearly very small corals with exceedingly minute calices.
The septa are more visible in the next genus, Bhabdopora, which
is a Paleozoic (carboniferous) fossil with prismatic branches.
Dendropora has the calices scattered, with a raised margin and a
smooth ccBnenchyma. This is also a Paleozoic fossil as well as the
next genus, Trachypora, which has the casnenchyma striate.
The species I propose to describe does not come under any of
the foregoing genera, but appears to occupy an intermediate place
and nearest to Seriatopora. It has thin cylindrical branches,
very hispid, with scattered calices and exsert septa. I propose
from the latter character to name the genus PhfUopora, which is
thus described ; —
Phyllopora. New genus.
Ocenenchyma, hispid, compact ; tabulaa, rarely visible ; calices,
distant ; septa, exsert, distinct, and in cycles.
Phyllopora spinosa, n. s,, PI. 10, fig. 2, 2a.
Oorallum very small, tufted, much branched; branches
generally at right angles or sloping upwards, and bifurcating ;
surface very granular, the granules supporting long, fine,
branched, and subdivided projections ; calices in a linear, rather
distant, projecting series ; systems six, cycles^ two always present
with the rudiments of a third ; septa hispid, exsert ; primaries
projecting into the calice ; secondaries and tertiaries smaller,
98 THE PBOCEBDINGS OF THE LINNBAN SOCIETY
and lying upon the margin ; columella siyliform, prominent,
central. Dimensions: tnfts 20 to 25 millim. high, diam. of
branches 1 to 2.
There are about 32 calicos in about 10 millim. of a branch,
arranged in four lines on opposite sides and alternately, so that
the series is quincuncial.
From a block of dead coral from Fiji. One very small tufL
Museum of Hon. W. Macleay.
Section Mad/r&porcma ferforata. Family Madreporidos, sub-
family Eupsamrnvna,
Balanofhtllu dehtata, n. 8., PI. 10, fig. 1, la.
Corallum, moderately tall, very slightly spreading towards the
calico which is broadly elliptical, very deep, and with a thick
honeycombed margin, upon which the groups of three septa
project to form a regularly coronate edge ; calicular fossa wide
and deep, septa subequal projecting very little from the wsJl, and
therefore osly slightly salient into the fossa, all highly granular,
and with regularly dentate edges, the teeth on the third, fourth,
and fifth orders being long and neat near the margin, becoming
coarse tubercular and granular near the cohimella ; four cycles
in six systems ; primaries thick and secondaries nearly equal to
them ; fourth and fifth orders uniting in front of the tertiaries
close to the wall, the saone orders closely adpressed to the
primaries and secondaries at their origin and projecting above
the edge of the calico ; columella, loose, spongy, small and
inconspicuous ; costsa, distinct, broad, flat, very finely granular ;
no epitheca visible.
The only specimen seen by me is so encrusted with Polyzoa?
as to make the epitheca doubtful. As however this organ is a
mere secretion for the protection of the coral, this function no
doubt was effected by the Polyzoa. The coral itself was parasitic
upon an Eschara from the South Coast, which is probably
lichenoides, M. Ed. I am not sure of the locality, but as the
Polyzoa are known to ihe as from the South Coast, the coral
must have come from the same locality. Amongst them was
what T take to be D*Orbigny's Vtscoporella Novcb Hollandice, which
OF NEW SOTTTH WALES. 9d
has not bee& identified since the author's description as far as I
can learn. The coral itself was completely embedded in the
foliations of the Eschara which had to be broken away in order
to extract it. It is 14 millim high, major axis of calice 9,
minor 7.
In the depth of the fossa, smallness of columella, granular
septa and absence of epitheca, this species comes nearest to the
tertiary fossil from Muddy Creek B, tubuUformis, Duncan, but in
that species the higher orders do not unite.
I am not aware whether any other instances are known of corals
growing on tufbs of Polyzoa, but as this has been found, collectors
will probably make a more diligent search, as the specimen of
Eschara has been a long time in the Macleayan Museum, and had
been many times handled by me before the existence of the
BalaaiophylUa was observed. The Eacha/ra in question grows on
rocks and stones in comparatively shallow water, and the growth
is very rapid. A specimen grew to a tuft about 6 inches high,
and spread about 9 inches in every direction on the anchor chain
of a vessel that was exactly three months in harbor.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 10.
Fig. 1. — BalanophylUa dentata, slightly enlarged.
Fig. la. — ditto ditto calice
Fig. 2. — Phyllopora spmosay nat. size.
Fig. 2a. — ditto ditto part of branch magnified.
Fig. 3. — VasUlwn tuberculatrmif slightly enlarged.
Fig. 3a. — ditto ditto calice.
Fig. 3b. — ditto ditto base.
Fig. 4. — LHechoraa boletifomvis, enlarged 4 diameters.
Fig. 4a. — ditto ditto calice.
»
100 THB PBOCEEDINOS OF THE LINNSAN SOCIETY
ZOOLOGY OF THE "CHEVBRT.
ORNITHOLOGY. Paet U.
By E. P. Ramsat, F.L.S., &o., Ac.
Having been requested by Mr. Macleay to examine and determine
the beautiful collection of Birds obtained in New Guinea during
the voyage of the " Chevert," I have much pleasure in laying
before the meeting this evening a list of the species, with a few
remarks on some of those which appear to me to be of interest.
I find among the Paradisiidce two species of Manucodes, one
Bower bird (Ohlammfdodera) and one species of Paradisea (P,
raggicma). The Oohrnihae are particularly well represented by
thirteen species, four of which are Australian. One of the most
interesting is a spirit specimen which I have, with some doubt,
assigned to Hemicophaps albifrons, of G. R. Gray.
The Pditacidm contain a fine series of carefully sexed specimens
of Eclecl/us polychlorusj two species of White Cockatoos, beautiful
skins of Geoffroyi/u8 aruensis, Ohcdcopsittacus scirUillatvs, and a fine
specimen of Lorms hypoenochrotis, G. R. Gray, with the inter-
scapular region black. Some fine specimens of Todopsis
cyanocephala (Quoy et Gaim ?) * males and females ; the latter sex
I believe has been described under the name of Todopsis honapartei
by Dr. G. R. Gray. The Muscicapidce are represented by seven
species, including beautifully prepared skins of Peizcn'hynchus
(Drymophylla) alecto, Temm., (the P. nitidus of Mr. Gould,) and
Arses enado, Less., usually known under the name of Arses
telescopthahnuSy Less., which is the male of the species.
Among the Gamphephagidoe I find Graucalus angustifrons (of
R. B. Sharpe), a species closely allied to the Australian Chraucalus
hypoleucos, Gould, best distinguished by its whiter forehead and jet
black frontal band ; EdoUisoma hoyeri, Quoy et Gaim., and ii/,
Tnelas, S. Mull ; also the female and a species of Gampephaga.
slightly dijQTerent from G. jardinii, which is probably G. millleriy of
Salvadori (^Ann, Mus. civ. nat. Genov., VII, p. 927 ; 1875).
* I can find no difference between the Port Moresby birds and those from the Am
Islands, Tlio females of both a^'ree with the figure in the Voy. do I'Astrolabe, pi. 5, fig. 4.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 101
The MeUphagida are represented by six species, which include
Myzomela erythroce^hala, Goald ; and FtilotU cmaloga, Reich., which
I find varies mnch in size.
One species of DicsBum was obtained, the beautifal Dico&wm
ruhrocoronatmn of Mr. R. B. Sharpe.
Among the Plovers are Gharad/rius mongoli(yu8, of Pallas, and
Hvmantopus leucooephalusy and among the Anatidoe, Anas castanea
of Ejton, the A, pimctata of Mr. Gould's Birds of Australia.
The whole collection contained about 400 specimens represen-
ting 53 genera and 68 species, all of which have been carefully
sexed and the localities noted by Mr. G. Masters, Curator of the
Macleayan Museum, who accompanied the expedition.
I must acknowledge valuable assistance obtained from Count
Salvadori's numerous papers on Farpuan Ornithology^ (Ann, Mus.
Ovvic, Genov.) which the learned author has so kindly forwarded
to me, and also from Mr. R. B. Sharpe's valued " Contributions
to the Ornithology of New Guvnea,^^ Journ. Linn, Soc. Zool. vol.
XIlL I regret I have not yet seen Sharpe's Cat. Birds,
Vol. III.
Family PARADISEIDiE.
1. — Paradisea raggiana, Sclater,
Paradisea raggiana, Sclater, P. Z, S, 1873, p. 659.
Two specimens in spirits, adult <? , ? .
Loc, Adjacent coast, opposite Yule Island, on the Ethel River.
2. — Manucodia ati^, Less,
Less, Toy. Ooq. Zool, I, pt, 2, p. 638. (1828). Sahad, op, ait.
iZ, p, 189 ; Sharpe, op, cit. XUI, pp, 317 and 500.
The collection contains a fine series of beautifully preserved
specimens of this fine species. The trachea is simple, not con-
voluted as in Af. gouldii, from Cape York. The youug are
destitute of the beautiful purple reflections so conspicuous in the
adults and have not the recurved feathers on the head.
This appears to be very common all along the south coast ; it
is the most common of Port Moresby species.
Loe, Hall Sound, Katau (Masters) ; Port Moresby fMorton,
Broadbent).
102 THE PS0CBSDIKG8 OF THB UKNBAK SOCIBTT
8. — ^Manucodu kbbaudbbni, Less 8f Ga/m,
Voy. Ooq. pi, 13.
The trachea of this species is convoluted as in the Australian
species, to which it is very closely allied. It is a rare bird on the
south coast of New Guinea.
Loe. Hall Sound.
4. — ChIiAMTdodbra OBRvmivBNTRis, Oould,
Gould, P. Z. 8, 1050, p. 201 ; id. Bds. of Av;&t, fol Supp, pt.
-, pi. - ; id. Handbk. J, p. 445 ; Ba/msay, List, Aust Bds, sp, 812.
Several specimens in no way differing £rom the Gape York
examples. A bower was obtained by Mr. Masters among the
Mangroves on the margin of a scrub within the influence of
Spring tides.
Log. Hall Sound.
Family GINNYRIDuE.
5. — CmNTRIS PRBNATA, S, MuU,
Shelly, Mon. Cvn/n. pt, JTI; Gould, Bds. Ami, Supp. I, pi, 45 ;
id, Handbk. Bds. Aust. I,p, 584; Bamsay, List. Aust Bds. p, 191 ;
sp. 403.
Common on the South coast of New Guinea and on all the
wooded islands in Torres Straits.
Log. Hall Sound, &c.
GOLUMB^.
Family CARPOPHAGID^.
7. — Carpophaqa pinion, Qtioy and Gaim.
Q. ^ G, Voy, TJran. Zool. p. 118, pi 28 (1824) ; Sharpe, Jowm.
Linn. Soc. Zool. XIII, p. 319 ; id, t. c. p,, 502 ; Sahad. Ami. Mus.
Civic. Genov. IX, p. 202, sp. 52.
Tolerably common on South Coast.
Log, Hall Sound.
8. — Carpophaga mulleri, Temm.
PI. col, 656. (1835) ; Sahad. Ann. Mus. Gwic. Gen. IX. p.
402, sp, 51.
Several specimens of this fine species.
Loc. Hall Sound.
OT VBW SOUTH WALBS. 103
9. — Qaspophaoa 8PIL0BBH0A, 0. B. Qray.
G. B, Gray, P. Z, 8., 1858, p. 186 ; Bamsay, P. L. 8., N, S. If.,
vol. L p,p 372, 394 ; id. t. c. U. p. 195, 372-3-4 ; id. t c. 1876, p.
115 ; Oould, Handbk Bds. Aust. 11. p. 144 ; Sahad. t. c. IX. p.
202, sp. 55.
Common eyerywhere on the Sonth Coast, and all the wooded
Islands of Torres Straits.
Loc. Hall Sound, Katau, Yule Island, &c.
10. — Meoaloprepia puella. Less.
Less. £uU. Umo. 8c. nat. X. p. 400. (1827) ; 8ahad. t.c. IX. p.
193.
This species is closely allied to M. assimiUs Gould, of which I
have seen specimens differing bat little in size, from Cape York.
Loc. E^tau.
11. — Ptilopus supbrbus, Temm.
Temm. Knip. Pig. P. 75, pi. 33. (1108-11) ; Sahad. t.c p. 199 ;
Gould. Bds. Aust, Ha/ndbh. IL j? 108.
Several fine specimens, males, females, and yoang.
Loc. Hall Sonnd.
12. — Ptilopus ooronulatus, G. R Gray.
G. B. Gray, P. Z. 8. 1858, p. 185. pi. 138 ; Sha/rpe t. c. pp.
320, 503 ; Sahad. t. c. p. 190.
Two specimens. This species was not found to be common.
Hoc. Hall Sound, Ethel River.
13.— Ptilopus aurantiifbons, G.B.Gray.
G. B. Gray, P. Z. S., 1858, p. 185. pi. 137 ; Sahad. t. c. p. 197.
Tolerably plentiful all along the South Coast.
Loc. Ethel River, Hall Sound.
]4. — Ptilopus ionozonus, G. B. Gray.
G. B. Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 186 ; Sahad. t. c. p. 198.
Loe. Hall Sound, Katau.
Family COLUMBID^ .
15. — Macboptgia dobeta, Bp.
Bp. Oonsp. Av. I., p. 517, (1854).
104 THE PSOCEBDIVaS OF THE LINNEAK 80CIEY
One specimen which I beliere is referable to this species, it is
closely allied to M, phasiamUa of New South Wales.
Loc Katao.
16. — GE0PBL14 PLACIDA, Gould.
Hcmdbk. Bda. Aust 27. p. 145.
Apparently the same as the Gape York individuals, tolerably
common.
Loc, Hall Sound.
Family GOURID^.
17. — Chalcophaps chetsochlora, Wagl,
Wagl, Syst Av, Cohimba, sp. 79, (1827) ; OouM. Bds. Austfol.
vol. V, pi, 62 ; id, Handhk. II, p. 118.
Loc. Hall Sound.
18. — Henicophaps albipbons, G, R, Ora/y,
G. B. Gray, P. Z. 8. 1867, p. 432., pi 47 ; Sahadari, t. c, p,
207.
One specimen in spirits.
Loc, Hall Sound.
19. — Goura albertisi, Sakad,
Sahad, AtU. R, Ac, Sc. Tor. XL, p, 680, t VIL (1876).
This fine species appears to be very plentiful all along the
South Coast of New Guinea, where during the drought of 1877-8,
they appeared in great numbers.
Loc, Hall Sound, Ethel River, &c.
Order PSITTACI.
Family PSITTACID^.
20. — Caca'I'UA TRITON, Temm.
Temm, Oov/p d^ceil les possess. Neerland dans *llnde Arch. Tom,
III. (1849)., p. 405. (Nota); Finsch. Fapag. I. p. 291; Sahad,
t. c.,p. 24.
Mr. Masters informs me this species was found tolerably
plentiful, and feeding on the green cocoanuts. Specimens were
brought alive to Sydney.
Loc. Hall Sound.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 106
21.— Cacatua qalerita, Lath.
Lath, Ind. Om., p. 109, 1790.
Undoabied specimens of this species were obt-ained by Mr.
Masters, who notices that the crests are slightly longer in pro-
portion to the size of the bird than in the N.S. Wales individuals.
The natives keep both species for the sake of the yellow crest-
feathers, which they plnck out for ornamenting their heads, <&c.
Log. Hall Sound, Katau.
22. — MiCROGLOSSUS ATEREIMUS, Om.
Grth, Syst Nat L^p, 330, n. 93, (1788) ; Sharpe, Journ. Linn.
Soc, Zool, X.IIL, p. 491 ; Salvad. Ann, Nat. Mvs, Oivic. Gen. X.,
p. 25.
I find this a very variable species as to size, some, apparently
adult birds, are much smaller than others from the same locality,
this and a slight difference in the contour of the bill and
elongation of the crest feathers led me to believe that there were
two distinct varieties, if not species* — M. aterrvmus and if. goliath.
I have every reason to believe now that the differences are merely
individual.
Log. Hall Sound.
23. — Geopproyius aruensis, G, R. Gray.
G. /.'. GroAf, P. Z. 8., 1858, p. 183 ; Sharpe, op. dt, 1878, p.
309 ; Sdl/oad. Ami. Mus. Givle, Genov. X. p. 29 ; id,, op. dt. IX.
p. 810.
Fine adult specimens of this beaatiful species were obtained.
Log. Hall Sound, E^tau.
24. — BCLECTUS POLTCHLORUS, Scop.
Scop, Del. Fhr. and Fawn. Insuhr. p. 87, ti 27, (1786); Salvad.
op. dt. IX,, p. 31 ; id. Sharpe op. cit. XIII., p. 491 ; Ramsay, Ihis
44h, Ser. II. p. 379.
A fine series of adults, male and female, carefully sexed by Mr.
George Masters. The red and blue birds are undoubtedly females.
and the green birds males. Mr. Alex. Morton, who has lately'
returned from New Guinea, informs me that the same distinction
* See list of Aust. Birds, P. Z. S., N. S. W., II., p. 193, also, op. cit. I., p. 394.
106 THB PB0CBBDIN08 OF THX LIMMBAN 80CIBTT
holds good with the nestUngs — females and males, which are red
and green respectively. Mr. Masters informs me the adnlt birds
are frequently found feeding on the young cocoanuts (cocos
nucifera).
Family TRICHOQLOSSTNuE.
26. — LoEius HTP<EN0CHB0U8, 0. B. Qray,
List PsiU. Bnt Mus., p. 49, (1859).
LoRius HYP(ENOCHROUS, Var, Gulielmi.
Bamsaj, P. L, 8., N. S. W., vol III., p. 73.
A very fine specimen which I refer to this species has a distinct
black band across the mantle and interscapular region, and the
centre of the abdomen black, the under tail-coverts blackish violet.
Specimens referable to the same species from the Duke of
York Islands have no black on the upper surface, and the abdomen
of a duller, lighter, and more indistinct tint of reddish violet, just
as figured in the plate in the " Voyage of the Ouragoa.'*
Lnc. Katau.
Family OARPOPHAGID^.
26. — Chalcopsittacus scintillans, Temm.
Tonmt, pi, col. 569 (Jva).') 1835 ; Sahad, Arm, Mus. Ovoic, Genov.
X. p. 34.
Found to be plentiful, but no specimens were obtained of the
smaller species so common at Port Moresby, 0. chloropterus of
Salvadori, and of which I have lately examined a very large number,
the young only of G, chloropterus have the under wing-coverts all
f^reen, the adults have crimson foreheads like C. ruhrifrona {G, R.
Gray) , and always more or less crimson on under wmg-coverts. They
are slightly smaller than Aru Island examples, which I believe to
be G. ruhrifrons of Gray. The present species, C. sciniUlams^ is
altogether distinct from G. chloropterus (Salvadori) being a much
larger bird. T re^^ret I have not a larger series of the Aru
Island birds to compare them with, but I do not think there can
*
be any doubt of there being two distinct species on the South
Coast of New Guinea.
Loc. Hall Sound, Katau, &c.
or HFW SOUTH iriLBS. 107
27. — Trichoolossus massbnx, Bp,
Bp, Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 157 ; Finach die Papag, IL, p.
834 ; Salvdd. Ann. Mus, Oivic, Oenov, X. p. 35.
Several specimens obtained, varying slightly in the tint of the
red coloaring of the under surface.
Loc. Hall Sound, Katau.
Order PASSERES.
FamUy STURNID^.
28. — Oalornis metallica, Temm.
Bamsay P. L. S, 18, p. — ; Oould Handhk, Bds, Aust. vol, I.,
p. 477 ; 0. vwidiscens^ G. B. Gray ; SJiarpe, Joum. Linn, Soc, Zool,
Xin, p. 318.
These specimens are undoubtedly the same as the Cape York
birds and idejitical also with those from Rockingham Bay and
the long tailed species from Port Moresby, but whether it be the
true metalUca or not, 1 must leave to those who have an oppor-
tunity of examining the types to decide. Mr. Sharpe remarks
(op. cit. p. 318) that '' the Yule Island bird agrees better with
0, viridescens, with a Dorey specimen of which I have compared
it, and it agrees with the latter in wanting the purple shade
upon the flank, so conspicuous in the true 0, metallica.^* I have
examined some hundreds of specimens from Rockingham Bay,
Cairns, Cooktown, Cape York, Yule Island, Hall Sound, Katau,
and Port Moresby, without finding any difference between any oi'
them.
Like the Australian examples, they breed together in hundreds,
constructing their flask-shaped nests together in clumps, occupy-
ing whole trees of immense size. I have myself counted over
300 nests on one tree in Australia. Mr. Masters informs me that
on one large tree on Yule Island, the mass of nests completely
covered and bore down the branches, and must have weighed
oyer twenty tons.
Loe, Yule Island, Hall Sound, Katau.
29. — BULABBS DUMONTH, LesS,
Sharpe^ Joum, Linn. Soc. Zool. XIII., p. 378 ; p, 501 ; Gracula
damoBtiiy Bamtay, P. L. JS., N.S, W,y vol, 1, j>. 392.
108 THB PK0CEEDING8 OF THE LINNEAlf SOCIETY
Common everywhere. A noisy and pagnacions species.
Loc. Hall Sound, Katan, Yale Island.
Family MALURIDiE
30. — Malueus alboscapulatus, Meyer.
Sha/rpe, op, dt. XIL p. 316 ; id. t. c, 494.
Several specimens obtained. This species is common at Port
Moresby. The young have the wings brown, the sexes alike in
plumage.
Loc. Ethel River, Hall Sound.
31. — ToDOPSis CTANOCEPHALA, Qiwy et Qaim.
Todopsis bonapartii, 0. B. W., Sharpe op, cit. XII. p. 498.
In the first place I know many ornithologists will not agree
with me in placing this bird among the MahiridcB. However,
from a knowledge of its habits and actions, and after an
examination of several spirit specimens, I am fully convinced I
am right in keeping it close to the genus Malvrtts. Now as to
the species — I have examined fifteen specimens in all from
various parts of the South Coast of New Guinea, and compared
them with the Aru Island birds, without finding any material
difierence. One of the specimens, an adult male, in the
Macleayan Museum, has small white tips to the tail feathers. 1
have compared them also with the figures and descriptions in the
Voy. au Pole Sud., Voy. <h VAstrolahe, and in the Proceedings of
the Zoological Society of London, 1858, and to me they appear to
be identical. Mr. R. B. Sharpe, however, one of our best
authorities, states (op. cit.) of the Port Moresby birds, that they
certainly are not, G. cyanocephala, and his opinion should have
weight in the matter. But I am still of opinion that they are
all one and the same species which should bear Lesson's name of
T. cyanocephala,
Loc. Hall Sound.
32. CiSTICOLA RUFICEPS, Gould.
Gould. Bds, Aus. fol. vol. III. pi. 45 ; id. Handbk, I. p. 353 ;
Barnsay, P. L. S,, N. S, W., vol. II., p. 185, sp. 233.
OV NEW SOUTH WALBS. 109
These specimens are undoubtedly the same as the Australian
individuals described under this name by Mr. GK)uld.
Loe, Yule Island, Hall Sound.
Family PITTID^.
33. — Pitta NOVJE-GUiNiE, MulL 8f Schleg,
Sharpe op, dt XJIL^ pp,dlb and 494.
Several fine specimens of this beautiful species, which is found
tolerably common in all the damp scrubs along the coast during
certain seasons of the year.
Loe. Hall Sound, on the banks of the Ethel River.
Family LANIIDiE.
34. — Cracticds cassious, Bodd.
Sharpe, i. e. pp. 317, 499.
This appears to be the most common species of the genus found
on the South Coast ; I have received two other species from Port
Moresby.
Loe, Hall Sound, &c.
Family DICRURID^.
35. — Chibia carbonabia, 8, MulL
Sharpe, Oat B, IIL, p, 239 ; Joum Linn. Soe. Zool. XIII.,
p. 499 ; Dicrurus carbonarius, S, Mull, Sahad, §f A, D* Albert
Awn, Mus, Oivie. Oenov, VIL,p. 821, (1875) ; Ramsay, P. L. S.,
N. S, W., vol L, p. 392.
Very common all along the South Coast.
Loe, Hall Sound, Katau, &o„
Family ARTAMID^.
36.— Artamus lbucopygialis, Gould,
Gotdd, Ha/ndhk, Bds. Auat p, 154 ; id. P. Z. S, 1842, p. 17 ;
Bamsay, P. L. S., N, S, W., vol, II, p. 179.
The New Guinea specimens are slightly smaller than those from
K, S. Wales.
Loe, Katan.
110 THE PBOCRBDIKeS OF THE LINNEAK 80CIBTT
Family CUCULID^.
37. — Obntropus spiloptebus, Gmy.
Sharpe, t c, jpp, 81, 370, 491 ; 0. melctnwrus^ Bamtajy P. L. S.,
N. S. W., vol I., p. 394.
Common in all the grass beds.
Loc, Hall Sonnd, Katau, Yule Island.
38. — SCYTHROPS NOVJE-HOLLANDIJB, Lath.
Salvad. cmd D* Albert, Arm, Mus. Oivic, Oenov, FIT., p. 815;
Bamsay, t, c. p. 394.
Common, similar to the Australian birds.
Loc, Katau.
39. — Chalcites plaqosus, Latk
Oould. Handhk, Bds, Aust,, vol. J, p. 623 ; Ramsay, op. cit. vol.
IL, p. 192.
Precisely the same as the North Australian birds of Uiis
species.
Tjoc. Hall Sound.
Family DIC^ID^.
40. — DiCiEUM RDBROCORONATUM, Sharpe.
Sharpe, Nature, Aug. 17, 1876, p. 339., Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civic
Oenov. IX., p. 31 ; Ramsay, op. cit. vol. I., p. 390 ; Sharpe, Joum.
Linn. Soc. Zool. XIIL, p. 496.
This beautiful species was first discovered by Mr. Masters,
during the Macleay Expedition, and afterwards obtained by Messrs.
Broad bent and Petterd, Goldie, Morton, and others. I find that
it is tolerably common all along the South Coast, particularly at
Port Moresby, on the Lalokie Kiver, where the types were obtained
by Broadbent.
Loc. Hall Sound.
Family MELIPHAGID^.
41. — Myzomela obscuka, Gould.
Gould, P. Z. S., vol. X.jp. 136 ; iSharpe, Joum. Linn. Soc. Zool.
XII. p. p. 496 ; Salvad, Ann. Mus. Civic. Genov. IX. p. 32
Ramsay, P. L. S., N. S. W., II. p. 190.
Generally dispersed over the South Coast.
Loc. Katau, Hall Sound.
OF NEW SOUTH WJLLSB, 111
42. — Mtzombla ebtthboobphala, Gould.
Gould, P. Z. S.y pt VIL p. 144 ; id, Handhk, Bds. Atut. I, p.
556 ; id, Bds, Aust, fol, vol, IV. pi 64.
I believe this is the first time this species has been recorded
from New Qainea. I find no difference between the New Gainea
examples and those from the Aastralian Coast.
Loc, Eatan, Hall Soond, &o.
43. — Ptilotis analoga, B&iehenb.
SaXvad, Awn. Mus, Civic. Oenov. IX. , p, 32 ; P. gracilis, Goulds
P, Z. S., 1866,/?. 217; P. notata, id. Supp, Bds, Av^i. fol, vol,
I. p. 41 ; Bamsay, P. L. S., N, S, W,, II, p, 207 ; P. similis.
Homh, et Jacq Voy. au Pole Sttd,pl. X VIL fig. 23.
Evidently a very common species, distribnted over the whole
of the Soathem part of New Guinea, and the North and North-
Eastem shores of Australia.
Loc, Hall Sound, Katan, &c.
44. — Ptilotis vbesicolor, Goidd.
Gould, Bds. Aust. fol. vol. V. pi. 34 ; id. Handbk. Bds. Aust. I.
p. 506 ; Bcmsay, P. Z. S., N, S, W., II., p. 189 ; Romisay, op, cit.
IL p. 189.
At present this is the only instance or record of nndoubted
specimens of this beantifnl species being found in New Guinea.
They differ in no way from the Australian birds.
Loc Katau.
45. — Ptilotis filigera, Gould,
Gould, Bds. Aust, Supp. fol. vol. L, p, — ; id. Handhk. Bds.
Aus. I., p. h^ ; Ramsay, List of Atistralian Birds, P. L. S., N. 8.
W,, II, p, 189; Salvad, Ann, Mus, Gvoic. Gen. IX , p. 33.
Generally dispersed, but not plentifully, over the whole of the
South Coast.
Loc. Hall Sound.
46.^TrOPIDORHTNCHUS NOVJl-GUINEiE, 8. Mull.
8. Mull, Vehr. Nat Gesch. p, 153; Salvad. Sf D*Alb. op. dt,
VIL p, 826 ; Salvad, op. cit, IX., p. 34 ; Sharpe, op. cit, XIII, ,
p, 497 ; Philemon novaB-guineae, lla/msay, op. cit. I. p. 390.
Very plentiful everywhere.
Loc, Hall Sound, Katau, <fec.
112 THB PROCBBBIFOS OF THl LIKirSAK 8O0I1TT
Fanulj OBATBBOPODIDA
47. — ^POMATOSTOXUB ISIDOBn, Xefff.
Lesi. Voy. Ooq. AUaa. pi 29. fig. 2 ; Sahad. op. eU. VII. p. 825 ;
Bamsay, op. dL II. p. 891.
This speoies was not found plentifiil, its habits and actions
resemble those of the Australian speoies. Mr. Masters informs
me they traverse the woods in small troops, and frequent the
more open parts, and being always on the move are not easily
obtained.
Itoo^ Hall Sound.
Fanuly ORIOLID^.
48. — OaiOLUS STBUTus, Quoy et GMku
Sharpe, op. cU. XIII. pp. 82, 818, 500 ; Bamsay, op. wL I. p^
891.
An abundant species everywhere.
Loc. Hall Sound.
Family MUSOICAPID^
49. — MiGSXGA FLATI0A8TEB, OoM.
GouU, p. Z. 8. pt. X. p. 132. id. Bd$. Aust.fd. vol. II. pi. 94 ;
id, op. dt, Hamdbh. /., p. 261 ; Ramsay y List Aust. Bds. in op. eit.
TLp. 182; Sahad. ^ D' Albert op. cit VII. p.8l7 ; Sahad. op.
cit IL p. 23 ; Sharpe, op. cit XIII. p. 498.
I do not observe any material difference between the New
G-ainea specimens and those from Northern Australia ; as Mr.
Sharpe remarks, the yellow line over the eye is a little more
defined, and some individuals are a trifle larger than others, but
these variations are also found in Australian examples I collected
at Rockingham Bay.
Loc. Hall Sound, " frequenting the Mangroves." — (G. M.)
51. — MyiAtlRA BUBECULA, Lath.
Ramsay, List of Aust, Bds. i/n op. cit. 77.182; Myiagra nitida,
Gould, Bds. Aust, fol. vol, II. pi. 91.
A female, apparently referable to this species was obtained by
Mr. Masters, it is intermediate in size between M. plumbea and
M. nitida, but not of so bright a tint on the chest and throat as is
OF NEW SOUTH WALBS. 113
observable in the females of the latter, the rust-red of the nnder
sarfaoe is continued to the flanks. Total length, %.*? ; bill from
forehead, 0.75 ; from nostril, 0.4 ; Irom gape, 0.8.
It is certainly neither M» condnna, nor M, latirostris ; but Mr.
Masters informs me he has received a specimen of M, niiida
(Gould), firom Port Darwin.
One specimen only.
Lae, Hall Sound.
51. — Ehipidura gulasis. Mull
Salvad. and D^ Albert, t c. p, 820; Sahad. op, ciL I'X.p. 24;
Sharpe, op. alt, XIIL, p. 498; R. isura, Qould; setosa, Q, et
Qwimy Voy, de VAstrol, I, p, 181., pi. 4., fig. 4 (1830) ; Banvscuy
Ldst of Aust, Bda. in op. cit p. 182.
I find very little diflference between Australian specimens of B.
isura (Gould), those from the Duke of York Islands, and those
at the present under consideration from New Guinea ; I believe
them to be mere varieties of one and the same speoies.
Log, Hall Sound.
52. — Sauloprocta tricoloe, (F.)
Salvad. amd jy Albert, t. c. p. 819 ; Sahad. op. cit. IX. p. 24 ;
Ramsay y op, cit. I.p, 392; Monarcha tricolor, Sharpe, op, cit,
XIIL p. 498.
Closely allied to if not identical with, Sauloprocta motaciltoides
(V. and H.), from which it differs only slightly in size, habits,
actions, and voice, exactly the same as the Australian species.
(Masters.)
Loc. Katau.
53. — PlEZOKHYNCHUS ALECTO.
Drymophila alecto, Ternm.,pl. col, 430 ; Piezorhynchus nitidus,
Oould, Bds, Aust, fol. vol. II, pt, 88; Sharpe, op. cit. XIII , pp.
316, 498; Ramsay, op, dt, /., 391 ; id. List, Aust, Bds, m t, c,,p.
1 82 ; Muscicapa chalybeocephalus, Oarn., Voy, de la Ooq, Zool, I,
p, 589, Atlas, t, U,fig, 2. ( ? ).
Plentiful among the Mangroves. (G. M.)
Loc. Katau.
m, Tn wnooml^i^^ Ij^ J^.^«||ir aocnmr
Hahad. op. eA. IX. p. 24^; mavpB^ti^^^^.j^
I qtitie f^^tii^ ^itlli Mr. Shiirp(» tibat it is betteir tk> fceep :dic^
NdW Ginned foHfii'^tfi* Mtd Glider ^f,ig|f(^ gi^
Temmink (t o.) than create a ne# ^pMeBj.^^/^j^^i tvji?|al
differences. The l^^^ pa l9^l|ef4.j^4,^q^ rai^ mith age in
ez|sept and ^^t^tif^ t]|e^i99t^ ^il liptmes
is ccmihon at Poi;t Moreflbff . Vj./ ^i ..1\AI .^vc n^ Mrv^i^h "», /^
. Xoc. Ynle Island. .^fiifiivi) i>:^:^ -^h;!^
Fey. de U Ooq. X(ii^.4(bmij^Mi^4S^^ Shmrpe^^
ciL XIIL pp. 816, 497 ^ £(Mitiliyifl|iTd^^ ^/U i.
Op»fpatevX>b<WMi«id i Jay ill^lfaMtara^lMW!a|ii0 piaiaagf <^ i0ie
/emoZe except that the |i0f6ki# lUadEandjBb6#i^!il«ligUK:4adiciid»^
of white just in front of the lores, at the base of lb«^eiktl«UB ;a|hiB
woidd seem to indicate that^ the T^o;^^ do not attain the
black and white piamag^ atiti} the .8«iiA, jear. On? 0omparing
females of these speoie8v#ithth9%Qr9jrf4i|^^ enocZo, in
the Atiaf Qi;|||i^;i?>y^ Je^a CoquiUe, pi; No^ |$, fgi J^ l^|edka»re
that they are identical; bat the fluffy f^athejr^ on the hhid hedt
are not well represented in the figare, which may have been
taken from a yonng individoal.
Loc. Hall Sonnd.
Family CAMPEPHAGID^.
66. — Gbaucalus mblanops, {Lath).
OouloL Bds. Aust fol. vol. IL pi, 65.
Loc. Hall Sonnd.
67.-r:GRAnoAiiU8 AKOUSTiFRONSy Sharpe.
op. cit XIIL p. 81.
This is undoubtedly a good species, the jet black frontal band
slightly raised above the feathers of the forehead, and in some
specimens the much lighter colour of bhe front of the head im-
mediately behind it, will at once distinguish this species from the
Aastralian G. hypolev^cos.
Loc. Hall Sound, Katau.
6V KKW SOUTH WALB8. 115
58. — Edoliosoma boybri, Homl. et Jaq.
Sahad. op, dt IX, p, 20.
Campephaga strenna, Gouldy (iiec, Schleg) Bds. N,G,f pt. IL
pi 7.
One specimen, adalt male.
Loc Hall Sonnd.
59. — Edoliosoma mblas, 8, Mull.
Sahad,, ^D* Albert, op, cit, VII,, p. 821 ; Salvad. op, dL IX.
p, 27; Sharpe, op, eU. XIIL, p, 317.
Male and female.
Loc Hall Sound.
60. — Campephaqa mulleri, Salvad.
Ann, Mu8, Oivic. Gmuyv, YU,, p. 927, (1875).
One specimen, a female, referable I believe to this species,
which is closely allied to 0, jardimi, (Rupp).
Loc. HaU Sound.
Order ANSERES.
FamUy ANATID^.
61. — Anas castanea^ Eyton,
Bamsay, List of Auat, Bds,, op, dt. Anas punctata (Ouv.) ;
Gmdd, Bds, Aust, fol vol VIL pi 11. p, 200.
Loc, Hall Sound, Ethel River.
Order GRALL^.
CHARADRIID^.
62. — fliMANTOPDS LEUCOCBPHALUS, OotUd,
P. L, S.y pi V,, p. 26; id. Bds, Aust, fol vol VL pi 24;
Uamsay, List. Aust, Bds, op. dt. II > p. 198.
Loc Hall Sound.
63. — ^^oiALiTis MONOOLUS, PoUas,
Ramsay f List of Aust, Bds. op. dt, p, 197.
Loc. Katau.
Family ARDEID^.
64. — Ardka sacra, Gm.
QroA^, Handhk. Bds. Ill,, p. 28 ; Sharpe, op. dt, XIIL, p, 504.
One specimen only.
Loc, ELall Sound.
116 tfiS PBOGlEBDilfaS OF TfiB LINKBaK SOClSTt
65. — ^BuTOBOiDSS JAYANIOA, Monf,
Qreyy Hcmdhk, Bd8.y vol. IILy p. 31.
Loe. Hall Sound.
66. — ^Ntcticorax caledonica, Sm.
Grey, Hcmdbk. Bds,, vol. III., p. 33.
Loe. Kataa.
Order GALLING,
Family MEGAPODID^.
67.— MiGAPODIUS DUPEBBE7I, Lest.
Sahad. 8f jy Albert, L c. p. 838; Sahad. op. oU. IX. p. 48;
Bamsayy op. cit, I. p. 394 ; Sharpen op. cU. XIII. p. 504.
Plentifal throughout the Southern Coasts and adjacent Islands.
Loe. Hall Sound, Yule Island, <&c.
On two new species of G^rygone.
By E. P. Bamsay, F.L.S., Ac.
Gerygonb inconspicua, «p. nov.
This species comes near Gerygmie chloronoUis of Mr. Gould, but
differs in having a pure white throat, and the chest, breast, abdomen,
and under tail-coverts, citron yellow ; from 0. alhogularis it may
be distinfjfuished by having the tail of a uniform tint without any
bar, or white tips. A spot in front of the lores, and a ring round
the eye white ; a dark blackish spot under the eye, at the gape ;
flanks tinged with olive ; under wiug-co verts white, washed with
citron color ; tail and wings brown above, the outer webs washed
with olive ; the quills lighter brown below ; shafts of the tail
feathers white at the base below, brown above ; all the upper
surface of the body olive brown tinged with green ; bill black,
legs and feet lead color. Total length from tip of bill 3*7 in.,
wing 2*1 in., tail 17, tarsus 07, bill from forehead 0*5. Sex. ($ ?
Hab. Scrubs on banks of Lalokie river, where Mr. Alex. Morton
informs me he obtained it ainong the leafy tops of the trees.
Of Kxw sotTTH Walks. 117
OBSTGOin iNSULASins. ap. nov.
Total leng^ 4*3 in., wing 2*2 in., tail 20 in., tarsus 0*8 in.,
bill from forehead 0*6 in., from gape 0*6 in., from nostril 0*3 in.,
bind toe 0*3 in., middle toe 0*4
Ad. male. The whole of the upper surface olive-brown, becoming
deeper oliye-brown on shoulders, back, and upper tailcoyerts; wings
dark brown, the outer webs olive brown, the inner webs margined
with white; under wing-coverts white; axillaries yellow, tail
dark brown above, with a blackish subterminal bar near the tips ;
the outer webs above margined with olive-brown like the upper
tail-coverts ; the outer feather on either side crossed near the tip
with a band of white, the next two on either side with a spot of
white only on the inner web, decreasing in size on the remainder
until it is altogether lost on the two centre feathers ; lores dark
brown, a white semilunar mark above and below the eye, on the
eyelid ; sides of the head and neck, the throat and chest ashy
grey ; breast white or nearly so ; sides of the body, flanks,
abdomen, and undertail-coverts yeUow ; tail feathers rather
pointed, with a distinct brown tip ; bill black, legs brown.
'Hah, Lord Howe's Island.
This species differs from G. jlavolaleralis (Grey) from New
Caledonia in having a wash of olive brown extending over the
bead and back of the neck. In G. fla/volateroMs, these parts are
an ashy brown ; the white spot on the t^ail feathers is nearer the
tip on the inner feathers ; the basal portion of the feathers below
18 white, and the undertail-coverte are white ; the tips of the
leathers more rounded, the throat and Inreast are white, no olive
brawn an tiie wings or back, the olive tint of these parts is of a
y^owish tinge ; the bird is altogether smaller.
Total length 3-8, wing 2*05, tail 1*75, tarsus 0*71, biU 0*5,
fiftmi nostril 0*28.
The yellow on the under surface of the body commences on the
lower part of the breast in this new species ; but in G. flavola-
ieraHs the throaty chest, breast and centre of the ahdomen are white-
Gesyoone igata. Gam.
Voy. Astrolabe, XI, ^g. 2.
This species is very like G. instdarisy from Lord Howes
118 THB PBOCSSDINeS OV THB tIKNBAK SOCIETY
Island bat may at onoe be distinguished from it in having
a clear well defined white line in front of the eye from its npper
margin to the forehead. For description see Yoy. Erebus and
Terror, Birds of New Zealand, p. 5.
Hah. Tasman*s Bay, Cook's Straits. Native name '* Igaia,*'
In the Australian Museum we have a bird from New Zealand
which agrees well with the figures in Yoy. Astrolabe of G. igaia,
but has the lores blackish slate color, and no white ring round
the eye ; there is a tinge of olive on the sides ; from the dbest
downwards, and under tail-coverts white ; the three outer tail
feathers are (yrossed with white on the wnder side, but the outer
Ujoo only on the ufp'per ; the black band on the tail is much wider
extending over about half the feathers.
On the FsRMS of Queensland.
By F. M. Bailet, F.L.S., Hon. Corr. Memb. Linn. Soc.>
N. S. Wales.
I am induced to offer the following remarks to the Sociefy
as a kind of addition to the seventh volume of Bentbam and
Mueller's ^^ Flora Aiistraliensis,''^ which has just reached my hands.
This volume is to many of us perhaps the most interesting of
the whole work. The third class, Cryptogamia, is carried on to
the ferns, and in this department the arrangement followed has
been Hooker and Baker's Synopsis Filicum. By this arrange-
ment, the genera ElaphoglossMtriy Schott, Lomario^sis, F6e, Steno-
c/ilana, J. Sm., Poscilopteris, Presl. Hymenol&pisy Kaulf, of my
handbook are placed under the one genus, Acrostichum of Linn6,
to which should have been added the beautiful Fcecilopteris virens,
T. Moore, which I found in one of the deep gullies of the Trinity
Bay Range. At the time I thought it was only a form of P.
repandum, Pr., until my mistake was pointed out to me by Dr.
Prentice, of Brisbane, who is certainly one of the best Pterido-
logists of Australia. Acrostichum pteroides, R. Br., is now added
to the list of Queensland ferns, as it has been found on the
Gilbert River, by Armlt.
09 NSW 80UTH n-ALBS. Il9
Oymnogramma, Desv., and Dietyogramma, F^, are placed io
the genus Orammiiis ; but, unless it is meant to be represented
by Grammitis ampla, F. v Mdeller, what I take to be Selliguea
poiktfoliaf J. Sm., is left out. This is one of the mos^ conspicuous
objects in our far northern scrubs, as it completely clothes the
stems of the trees with its large pinnatifid fronds, that rival, both
in sise and beauty, Bhaphidophora pmnata, Schott, a rampant
climbing plant of AroidesD.
DicUdopieria augusHssima, of Brakenndge, is placed under Sir
William Hooker's name of Monogramme Junghuhnii; Woodwardia
is described as Doodia ; the ' genus Schizoloma is placed with
Lindsaay the species L, media, R. Brown, as L. flahelUdata, Dry; L.
eoncinna, J.Sm.,as L.cultrata Sw.; ZJo&a^a,Poir,is added, having
been collected byN. Taylor at the Endeavour River, and Hull River,
by W. Hill. No alterations are made in the species of Adianhim,
in my book, but the following are added : — A, affine, Willd, which
I gathered at Maroochie some few years ago ; A, capiLlus-veneris,
Jjinn., collected by O'Shanesy at Northampton ;* A, diaphanuniy
BL, collected on the Daintree by Fitzalan, and Southern Queens-
land by Hartmann. The two distinct species of GJieUantTies — 0.
tieberif Kunze, and 0. nudvuscula, T. Moore, are placed as C.
tenuifoUa, Sw., without being allowed to rank as varieties. To
this is added 0. ecmdata, R. Br., having been again met with by
Daintree on the Gilbert River. The genus Litobrochia, Presl., is
placed with Pteris, Linn. ; L, vespertilionisy Presl., as P. incisa
Th. ; L. tripartita and Milneana, Baker, as P. margvnata, Bory ;
P. crencda^ Sw., as P. ensiformis, Burm. One is also added to our
Fteris^ P. comanSy Forst, plants having been met with by Mr.
Hartmann in Southern Queensland. J. Smith's genus Flatyloma
is also placed under Pteris ; thus P. Brownii, J. Sm., becomes
P. paradoxa^ Baker. In Nothohsna, Robert Brown's name N.
veUea is used for N, lanuginosa, Desv. ; Cheilanthes distans, Braun,
will now be found in the Flora as N. distans, R Br., N. pumilio,
R. Br., must be added to Queensland ferns, having been met
* Thmt Ss probaUy wine Twiiitalre in the habitat given in the Flora for Adiantom
a^pdUiie-Teiieris, Linn. For Northampton, O'Shanesy, perhaps Rockhampton is meant.
until I atw it in the Flora I was not aware that the form was indigenous to Australia.
liO tint pfiooftftmirot ot Tttft tTKVlili Booiktt
with' bj Mr. N. Taylor on tiie Bndeavoor Birar. Bat I made
a mistake in placing N. frag%U$^ Hook, among onr fem% as it
seems not to have been foond within our border. The following
genera are placed onder FdypoHium in the Flora: — Ghmiopteris^
Presl., O. &hie$hegkiU, Lind., Handbook, as P. E^UH, Baker, and
G. K&nmed^y F. v. M., of Handbook, is found identical with 0.
wrophyUoy PresL, FolypodMmi m^ulomm is called P. pmusMmny
Thnnb ; oar Btokfopkrii^ Presl., is P. afto^aatois B. Br., (hmio-
phlebmn^ BL, fslls into Pdl}ffM>duunf Linn., ITi^pAoMtci puberuUu^
BL, into P., aorof^icAoMief, Forst The rery small N^hoboliUf
always considered as N. confluensy B. Br., is made identical
with N* rupesMgy Spreng, and called P. Bwprn^y Forst, while the
name P. con/2Mafw, R. Br., seems to belong to the elongated form
of N. mpestria so common in Queensland. FleapMUf Hombr and
Bon. i this small genos is placed under PoUfpodMtm. P. UbneeoHOy
Metten, to P. simpUoiMimum, F. M., P. pusMaictf T. Moore, to
P. sewndensy Forst. Polypodium mgreaeensy BL, &und on the
Daintree by Fitzalan, must be added to the Queensland ferns,
haying been overlooked doubtless many times by collectors from
its resemblance to P. phpnatadesy L., a widespread spedes.
Drynariay Bory, also is placed in Polypodiiumy altering D, ddfoemu
foUay J. Sm., to P. rigiokdimiy Sw. The genera Pohjstichurrby Rolh,
Sagenia, PresL, Nephrodiwm, Rich, Lastrea, Bory, Nephrolepisy
Scbott, with Polypodiwm pallidum, Brack, are all placed under
Swarfc*s genus Aspidi/u/m. With regard to the last, A, tenericaule,
Thw., I must think some mistake has been made, for in the figure,
in Hooker's Species Filicum, no indusium is shown, and I have
watched our Queensland plants, and never saw, on young or old,
the sign of an indusium. I do not find Lastrea acv/mmatay T.
Moore, in the Flora. This species, or the Brisbane River variety
of it, is, so far as I have observed, exindusiate, and thus a true
Pohjpodmm. The species to be added to the Queensland ferns
are A, tenerum, Spreng, a fine species abundant along the
Brisbane River, and A irimcatum, Gaudich, a northern species,
allied to A. molle, Sm. The alterations in nomenclature are
Sagenia melcmoeaulon, Sm.,=:-4. confluens, Metten, Nepkrolepis
repens, Brack, and N, altescandens, Handbook, =^1. ramosv/niy
OF NSW SOUTH WALB8. 121
Beaav., N. iuberasOy Pre8l.,=^. cordifoliwm, Sw., Polypodiwin
rufescens^ Bl., Handbooks^, decomposittmi, Spreng. The genera
Mumata, Cav., Microlepia, Presl., DennsUtdia Bemhardi, and
Dicksonia duhia, Grandich, are included in Davallia, Sm., to which
are added Davallia in'pinnatay F. y. M., collected bj W. Hill on
the Bellenden Ker Range, and D. solida, Sm., found by M.
Thozet on Hummocky Island.
Dicksonia Icmaia, Colenso, specimens of which I have received
from Mr. Hartmann, collected from Southern Queensland ; and
from Mr. Moulday, collected on the Bunya Mountains, not far
from Dalby.
Dicksonia Youngia (0. Moore) is said to have been gathered
by W. Hill on the Bellenden Ker Kange.
Of the species of Trtchoma/nes^ the species I took for T.
fiUcula, Bory, is T, pixidiferum, Linn. This was abundant on the
rocks in the deep gullies of the Trinity Bay Range.
Bory's T, fanictdaceum is called T, parviflorum, Poir, in the
" Flora." T. Ja/uamtum, BL, found on the Daintree by Fitzalan,
is an addition.
The very distinct species of Schizea Fosterif Sprengel, which
I found at Maroochie, has been overlooked or mixed with S.
dichotoma, Sw., as in the Synopsis, but besides this latter species
being a much more robust plant, they choose always very different
habitats.
I feel sure that the fern I found so plentiful on the ranges at
the back of Cardwell, and of which I brought to Brisbane
specimens, both dried and living, was Blechnum nitidwm, PresL,
as given in the handbook, but in the Flora it is stated to be only
a alight variety of B. ca/rtilagvneum. This was perhaps on
account of my having neglected to say in handbook that the
Queensland form, formed a caudal like rhizome of from 6 in. to
24 in. high.
The genera Thcrninopterisy Presl., Diplazium, Sw., and CalUp-
teriSf Bory, are all under Asplenium in the Flora, to which are
added A, maximum, Don., of the Daintree River and Rockingham
Bay ; and A, sylvaticnmo, Presl., also of latter place.
IS2 THB FBOCXimVM OF Ttn KIHHBAir •O0I9TT
Latnofia proeera, SpreBgel, is R eapmuU^W^f bat tbe habtiat
(Marooohie and Coopei^s Plaias) not given.
Lomaria ditoohr^ W., and JL fmlcamcOf BL, are both noticed
in the Flora as from Bocldngfaam Bay. The fint named I foond
at Maiooohie four years back, bat that habitat is not given,
althoogh I at the time sent it to the Baron you Moeller. Very
likely it has been overlooked. We most not besorprited at soch
omisnons, or the neoessary oorreotions speeified. Indeed it is
to the highest credit of the learned aathors thatin a work of such
magnitade the errors are so few. Bat botanists should be careful
in the interests of science to verily fi>r themsdves everything in
the Flora, becanse it is bat the commencement of a work whidi
most be followed ap, and many of their remarks will be valuable
for the supplement which I understand is to follow.
Baron Miklubho-Maolay advocated the establishment of a
Zoological Station near Sydney, and explained the benefits to
scientific research, afforded by such institutions.
The suggestion was warmly supported by the Bev. J. B.
Tenison-Woods, F.G.S., Ac., and other members of the Society.
EXHIBITS.
Mr. J. Brazier exhibited tbe shells described in his paper, viz.,
HfiUx BehiaSf H, Zehina, B. Bala, H, Mazee, H. Nicomede, H.
BeddomoBf and Voluta Bednalli ; also a new Helix from Port
Moresby, and a Holothuria, dredged at the Heads of Port
Jackson. Dr. Cox remarked that the Helix from Port Moresby
was almost identical with a species foand at the Philippine
Islands.
OF NBW SOUTH WALKS. 123
MONDAY, 26th AUGUST, 1878.
W. J. Stephens, M.A., President, in the Chair.
DONATIONS.
I. Compte Benda Societe Entomologique de Belgiqae, Serie
II., No. 52, from the Society.
II. Joomal of Gonchologj from the £ditor.
papers read.
On Two New Species op Land Shells,
By the Rev. J. E. Tenison- Woods, F.L.S., F.G.S., Hon. Cor.
Mem. Linn. Soc N.S.W.
Plate 12, Figs. 2. 3. 5.
The following new species were placed in my hands for
description by Dr. James C. Cox, F.L.S. The first is from
Tasmania. A medium sized form, very closely allied to Helix
atramentcuriay of the Dandenong Ranges, Victoria. In color,
enamel, and the form of the embryo it is very similar, but it
is smaller, more sloping, less discoid, and of fewer whorls. I
have figured both species on the accompanying plate, so that the
differences may be seen at a glance. It is very desirable that
the animal should be studied, as the highly enamelled exterior
surface, which is also smooth, renders it probable that the
Victorian shell is also a Helicaricn, with a caudal gland. The
membranaceous edge makes it very probable. It should be
observed that without a knowledge of the animals Albers * places
our Australian VitrincB as Helica/rion, This genus was established
by Ferussac in 1821, for the Australian JH". Freydneti f Gr. B
Sowerby subsequently united it to Vitri7ia, Latreille, Blainville,
and Sander Rang regarded it only as a sub-genus. Menke, in
1830, and Beck, in 1837, J revived the genus, which is thus
defined by Adams : — " Mantle with two free lobes in front on the
* Die Helieeen, Leipsic, 1800, 2 edit., by Von. Martens, p. 46. ffe.licarion is made a
■ubgenus of Nanina, uray.
t See Voy. de Freycinet, ZooL, p. 485.
t Index MolL, Prince ChristiMi Frederic, p. 2.
124 THB PROCEEDINGS OF THB LIITNBAN SOCIBTY
neck, and a large lobe on the right side coyering the hind part
of the shell ; foot truncate posteriorly ; shell rotund ately oval,
heliciform, thin, fragile, covered with a thin epidermis ; spire
short, aperture large, peritreme simple, acut«, straight The
species of this genus have an extensive fold of the mantle
developed on the right side. Their foot is truncate, and their
shells are very thin." Vol. 2, p. 226. The general resemblance
of this shell in color, <fec., to those which are clearly of the genus
Helieariony induces me thus to classify it : —
Helicarion fumosa, n. s., PI. 12, fig. 3., 3a.
H, t. umiilicata, turhinato-discoidea, tenuvuscuLay poUtissvma,
lineis ind'ementi inigulosa, intense fumosO'Comea vel stibnigra, tmicO'
lor (apice exclusoy) translucente ; spira parum exserta, apice pro-
minuloy sutura subtiUisime corrugata; amfr. 3|, rapids aecrescentib.
Embryonalesl^, albidi, ultimo valde decUvO'Tottrndato, basi rohmdata;
apertura quasi orbiculata. Peristoma comeum, simplex, obtus^vm,
incurvatum, marginibus ab umbilico usque ad \ ulti/mi anfractus
disjunctis : Columella acuta, declivis. Umbilicus a/ngustissimus,
profund/us.
Via/m. maj. 22, min 14, alt 18, millim,
Obs. Sp. eleganter polita, et intense subnigra saturata, forma
vera, coloie et aspectu H. atramentari^, Pfr. Dandenong Binges,
Victoria^ incolanti, valde proxima.
Shell umbilicate, turbinately discoid, rather thin, highly polished,
uneven from the lines of growth, intensely smoky horn color or
nearly black throughout except at the apex, translucent, spire
somewhat exsert, with the apex very slightly prominent, suture
very finely corrugated; whorls 3^ increasing rapidly; embryonal 1^,
whitish, last whorl largely rounded and sloping, aperture almost
orbicular. Peristome horny, obtuse, incurved, margins disjoined
from the umbilicus for about vj of the last whorl. Columella
acate, sloping, umbilicus very narrow and deep.
This^, species isf'elegantly polished, and of an intense dark
smoky brown, but in its shape, color, and general habit it is very
close'to H. atramentaria, Pfr. but that it is much smaller. There
is a peculiar in-turuing of the horny margin, which makes it
rounded and blunt.
OF NBW SOUTH WALES. 126
The next species is a very small shell from Victoria, closely
resembling H. mucosa Cox of N.S.Wales.
Helix htjcoides, n.s., PI. 12, fig. 5, 5a.
H. t. mvnuta^ late v/mhilicataf dejpreasa^ orhtculata^ vix diseoidea,
$olidiu8&ula^ nitente vel quasi oleo inunctaj crehre corrugata^ vel
irreguLariter striatay comeo-hdeay v/nicolor, tranalucena. Spira
exaerta^ apice prominuloy ohtuso, Sutura haud impressa, Anfr, 4^,
rotundatis, sensi/m accrescentibvSy ultimo superne planato et ohtuae
carinato, Basi convexa, ut supra rugose striata sed suhtiliori, et
(sub lente tantum visis) suhtilissime creherrimeque spiraliter liratis.
UmhiUco eprspectivoy vix | diam. testa oequanti. Apertura sub-
quadrata, intus pallidissime coeruleO'alhida, Peristoma simplici,
margvnihus ohtusis, haud appraximatiSf columella parum expansa et
reflexa. Testa maculis fuliginosis magnis et irregularihus plus
minusve insignita. Forma et colore H. mucosj! proxima, minuta
vera et inconspicua, Diam. maj. 3, min. 2^, alt. 1^ millim.
Shell minute, widely nmbilicate, depressed, orbicular but hardly
discoid, rather solid, shining as if from oil, very closely corrugated
or irregularly striate, yellowish horn, of one uniform color and
translucent. Spire exsert, apex slightly prominent, obtuse.
Suture not impressed. Whorls 4|, rounded, increasing gradually,
the last flat above and obtusely keeled. Base convex and
ragosely striate as above, but more finely, and under the lens seen
to be closely, very finely spirally lirate. Umbilicus perspective,
scarcely | the diameter of the shell. Aperture subquadrate, a
very pale blueish white within. Peristome simple with obtuse
margiuE^ which are not approximate. Columella slightly expanded
and reflected. The shell is more or less marked with large
irregular sooty patches.
H, mucosa^ which it resembles is a very rare shell, but much
larger, and the rugose striae are proportionately much smaller.
With this shell was associated H. m^lbournensis Cox, and
H. juldaidea Cox. The latter is a Tasmanian species, but I could
see no appreciable difference between the Melbourne specimens
and those coming from Mount Wellington.
126 THE FROCSBDINGS OF THS LINNSAN 80CIBTT
EXPLANATION OF FIGURES.
Plate 12.
Fig. 2, 2a, Helix airamentariay for comparison with fig. 3, 3a,
Helica/rion fumosa — both natural size.
Fig. 5, 5a, Helix mueoideiy much enlarged.
On a new genus of Poltzoa. PI. 13, fig., I, la, lb, Ic.
By the Bey. J. E. Tenison-Woodb, F.L.S., &o.
The very interesting and curious genus which I now describe
was dredged by the Hon. Wm. Macleay, F.L.S., off Damley
Island, at a depth of 10 or 20 fathoms, on coral mud. It belongs
to the CheiXostomatoua sub-order, but differs so completely from
any of the described families that its affinities and relations must
remain problematical until others are discovered, as no doubt in
time there will be. The nearest family is the Selena/riadcB, which
has the polyzoary more or less orbicular, convex on one side,
but there is no special modification of any organ in the manner
seen in the species under consideration. Its singular beauty,
both as regards design and ornament, renders it a remarkable
addition to an order where beauty and variety are the rule. I
shall distinguish the genus by the name Eukiimenaria, froni
ehicrlfievo^, well built.
EuETiMENAKiA, new geuuB.
Polyzoary free, upper surface convex, covered with cells ;
lower surface divided into five portions, each containing large
pores ; in the centre of the base a vermiculate quinque-partite
body.
EUKTIMENARIA DUCALIS. PI. 13, fig. 1, la, lb, Ic.
Convex, with pentagonal outline ; the edge circumscribed by a
raised margin of five arches, whence it descends to a broad
pentagonal pedicel by five arched concave surfaces, which are
horizontally divided in the centre by a straight raised double
ridge, above and below the centre of which there is a large
conspicuous pore ; the pore above is semi-circular, that below ia
or NEW SOUTH WALKS. 127
perfectly round ; both seem deep. The margin of each of the
arched spaces corves ronnd into a loop at each side below the
lower pore, and is carved again in a contrary direction at each
side so as to form another small loop in which there is another
small pore. Beneath the lower of the two large central pores
there are one or two conspicuous grooves to the base. Upper
convex snrface covered with concave cells, with a distinct raised
margin ; month in the centre, semi-circular, with a raised margin.
Shape of cells &om oval to circular, a few almost pentagonal ;
the centre of the convex surface seems covered with cells, but
thej are worn almost smooth on both the specimens. The base
is vermiculate, but with a radiate tendency, and forming a
quinque-partite pattern. Between the margin of the five sides
there are upper and lower angular spaces, giving great elegance
to the design.
Dimensions : Alt. 6, diam. of summit 8, of base 4i|, lat. of 5
lateral spaces 4^, alt. dl millim.
I am unable to suggest any explanation of the pores on the
sides or the organs which form the margins, transverse bands,
Sdo. It is quite evident that there must be some individuality in
these zoothomes, apart from what we call the animal which
dwells in the cells, or the symmetrical arrangements in this
specimen could not be explained. Only two were found
by the Ghevert Expedition in all their dredgings, and
both these were a little worn as if they had been dead some
time. There is something in the species which recalls the
elegent forms of Polyzoa in the European chalk, but there is no
fossil form that I have heard of which nearly resembles it.
There are fossils from the Maestricht Chalk which seem to have
some analogy with EuhHrmnaria (one species is named Olenotremites
parcidoxua by Qoldfuss), and geologists are not agreed upon their
position in classification or their character. M. d'Orbigny con-
sidered them as Gomatulao without their arms, but there were
reasons for rejecting this view. The mouth (?) was surrounded
bj five fimnel-shaped openings and five petaloid grooves which
were probacy places for the insertion of arms. All the surface
128 THE PB0CBSDIN08 OF THl LINNBAK 80GIBTT
of the calice was surrounded by perforated depressions which,
according to Agassiz, may have been articolations for dorsal rays.
There is another species from the chalk of Rugen with the 5 fonnel-
shaped openings redaced to little pores.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 13.
Fig. 1. Euktimmaria ducalis, side view, slightly enlarged.
Fig. la. ditto ditto seen from above.
Fig. lb. Month of cell mnch enlarged.
Fig. Ic. Base slightly enlarged.
On some Cobals from Damley Island.
By the Rbv. J. E. Tenison- Woods, F.L.S., &c.
Plates 9 <fe 11.
Among the many corals brought from Damley Island by the
Hon. W. Macleay, F.L.S., as the result of the Chevert
Expedition, there are three which seem to vary sufficiently from
any hitherto described to entitle them to specific description.
At the same time I do not positively say that they are new
species, as I am not sufficiently acquainted with the extent to
which these reef-building forms vary in their modes of growth.
The hemispherical Symphyllia here described does not appear to
have any congener of its peculiar habit and size. The Mussce
form reefs round Damley Island with many others, but especially
Seriatopora subulata^ Ellis. I propose shortly to give a list of all
the North Australian forms, and in the meantime these species
may be noted.
Symphyllia hemispherica, n. s. Plate 9, figs. 1, 2, 3, 4.
Corallum largely hemispherical ; calices seldom simple, some-
times as many as eight in one valley ; irregularly concave,
shallow (from 4 to 6 millimetres in depth), with apparently six
systems and four cycles, or occasionally five, but they are
unequal and irregular, and very difficult to make out. Septa
equal, the higher orders often uniting a short distance from the
OF NBW SOUTH WALES. 129
oolamella, all armed with long spines which are longer exteriorly.
Golnmella altogether rudimentary, not distinguishable from the
contorted ends of the septa. Walls narrow, intimately united,
leaving only a distinct deep sinuous groove of equal width. As
the corallum is perfectly hemispherial and lies on a flat base, to
the edge of which the calices are continuous, there is scarcely
any epitheca to be seen. Underneath, the calices are nearly
always in broken sections. Where they are complete the epitheca
is thick, in rugose folds, with many round granulations. The
calices on the base appear like radiating tubes. Endotheca very
abundant and in regular planes, corresponding frequently on
opposite sides of the septa, so as to seem almost like continuous
floors across the tissue. Diameter of the corallum 360, alt. 180,
length of valleys 20 to 85, lat. of crests of walls 5, lat. of calices
10 to 15 millim.
Plate 9y fig. 1, corallum seen from above much reduced in size ;
fig. 2, two valleys, nat. size ; fig. 3, side view of calice from base,
showing epitheca and endotheca ; fig. 4, side view of corallum
much reduced.
This coral diflers from any described in being hemispherical.
It is nearest in the character of its valleys to 8, smuosa, Dana.
The calices are large, wide, and deep, but perhaps not so large
as in the species just named. Darnley Island. The specimen from
which the drawings were made is in the Macleayan Museum.
Messrs. Quoy and Gaimard who describe S. smuosa {Mecmdrina
to them) say that it is almost flat. They quote Ellis for the fig.
as p. 60, which should be p. 160, pi. 48. To Ellis it was a Mad-
repore. The figure is not good, but an attempt is made to express
the mural valley by a white line. His diagnosis is Madr&pora
eongUymerata ; anf, pahiJds flexiiosis, hrevihusy dissipvmentis mceqtba-
Uhus, exesisy amhulacris suhdvpUcatis, lamellis denticulatis. Hah.
m Oceano Indice occidentalis {^ , G-rey). Varietas anf, anplioribus
ei ioio coraUio grossiore,
MussA 80LIDA, N. s. Plate 11, figs 6, ?, 8. Yel var.
OoTolhum bat little elevated, in very long series, which do not
show sinoationB for the calices but very deep lobes ; sometimes
r THB LtllKBlK BOCIBTT
tui manj as six calices in a series ; walU very thick, (nth a few
sc&ttered short spines on the ontside ; epUheea coarse, grsnolar,
asceodiiig about two-thirdg to the margin nith a few spines, wifL
BO signs of coata ; septal epines few, thick, bat very promi'
nent od the margin, fewer, and etill conspicaons towards the
centre ; calices very irregular ; fosBa regalarly concave, ahaJlon,
spreading ; systems irregalar and difficnlt to follow ; septa fetr.
rather wide, alternatiog large and small, mnch thiclier at the
margin, where they bear two or three spines looger ajid stouter
than any others ; columella open, lax, twisted, small ; endothecft
not abandant. Dimensions, alt, of corallam 50, most of the
fosciculffi are three times aa long and half that width. Length o!
callcinal valleys 10 to 80, width 15 to 20, width of wall 5 to 8
millimetres.
The coral has a gi-een waxy appearance on the oatside of the
wall with fine scattered spines and only faint traces of costa
close to the septa. It differs from Massa anguhea, Ellis (as
Madrepora) in bei g smaller with columella less developed and
no coatfe. It appears to be common at Damley Island and
Torres Straits Plate 11, fig. 5, single o&Iioe n&t. else ; fig. 6.
side view of corallam ; 6g. 7, section of oalioe ; fig 8, corallam
seen from above.
MussA LACiHiATA, s. B. or var. Plate 11, figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, &.
Ooridlum spreading irom a narrow pedicel with sin^e csliaec
sometimes free or spreading in series of three or Ibnr. WaBt
with scattered spines in linear series. Epitheca oonspicnous, but
Ethowing the costs which are more or less visible from the hue.
OaUcet inversely conical, moderately deep, irregular; systemi^iii
in five cycles. Septa thick according to the orders, the higher
orders with few, short, nnmeroos, the others with n few long
angular teeth, the largest ones generally at the edges. Oolnmella
small open lax. Corallnm 100 to 150, mill loi^, 80 to 100 broad.
Single calices about 20 by 15. Altitude of tnfl aboat llO mil.
In this species, some of the septa rise very high above the
wall in thin laminie, 5 millimetres long. It is somsUuBg' like
Sf. Gorymhota, of the Eted Sea, but has a columella and coata
OF KBW SOUTH WALKS. 181
Plate. 11, fig. 1, side yiew of corallam half size ; fig. 2, compoand
calioe nai size ; fig. 3, corallam seen from aboTe half size ; fig.
4, secHon of calice nat. size ; fig. 5, a simple calice nai size.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
Plate 9.
Fig. 1. SymphyUia hemispherica, corallnm much reduced.
Fig. 2. One calicinal valley, nai size.
Fig. 3. Side view of single calice showing epitheca. Taken
from the base.
Fig. -L Side view of corallam mach redaced.
Plate 11.
Fig. 1. Mu88a lacimata, half nataral size.
Fig. 2. Calioinal valley nataral size.
Fig. 3. Corallam seen from above ; half nataral size.
Fig. 4. Section of single calice nataral size.
Fig. 5. Same calice seen from above.
Fig. 6. Musaa aolida, side view of corallam, half nataral size.
Fig. 7. Section of single calice.
Fig^ 8. Corallam seen from above ; half nataral size.
Note. — ^It is said that a reef building species of Mvssa and probably the
last named M. wUda, extends very far outside the tropics as far indeed as
Port Jackson. Specimens have been brought to me, but rather worn and
like M. ecJuTicUa, but I have not been able to satisfy myself that they
really grew where it was said, on rocks below tide marks at Bondi. We
mnst remember, however, that on the west side of the continent reef
building forms and reefs as well are found as low nearly Lat. 30^ S., only
3 degrees N. of Bondi, and that a warm and strong sea currant comes down
to OB along the coast from the tropics.
On some New bxtratropical Coeals.
By the Rev. J. E. Tbnison- Woods, F.L.S., F.G.S., <fcc.
Plates 12 and 18.
Some short time since, Capt. Hatton, Professor of Nataral
Bcienoe in the University of New Zealand, and Carator of the
Itt THE raoonpuwa ov «hb ,utmmuf woctwrr
DBiwdiai-MiiieiiBly mhI me ione^ oomk irihibh lie lu4 ooDMied at
Anckknd, WeUingloii, 4o. - I piopoie to dmcrib> Mro of ibem
herei iogetber witiii a small <mB bcm the iiorttMaat coasts of
Anatralia. Tha &nb was finrnd on aome old maial near the alip
at WeUington, iheirefove may have been infaodnofd.. Bnt it
should be mentioDed that the mML is lead and no^oopper, and
probably not fiom a ship's bottom. It has been pranoanoed by
some nalioralists of ezperieaoe in ocnralsy to be a worn qwonnen of
OjfUoia Smiihiif bat this it oannot be ibr the following reasons :
The calioes have no epitheoa, bat Tery distind; oosiia. There is
no colamella, bat the sepia meet in the centre and throw np limg
slender processes which are like a oolamella when seen from
above. Many of the calioes are cemented hj a retj oompact
granolar ccenenchyma, which rises almost to the edge; and
finally the calioes i;n this spemmen, thoogh broken, are not worn
as the most delicate of («he slender processes firom the septa are
unbroken. The &lse ooenenchyma is pecnliar, bat stOl I think
not of generic importance, for like the einthec% it seems to be
secreted or not according to the exigences of the animy. This
is one of the ftote which tend to show that the whole gzonp
of the A9§r(Migiaeece needs revision. There is also a mariked
peculiarity in this genus, which is that the calioes seem to have
grown by throwing out another calioalar margin above and
outside the old one, through which the septa are continuous, so
that the old margin forms a crescentic line of endotheca within.
This new wall rises on the higher side, and gradually slopes and
unites with the lower side, so as not to be seen there. I am not
aware that the species has been hitherto described, and I there-
fore propose to dedicate it to my learned Mend Capt. Hutton, whom
I am happy to acknowledge, as one of the most zealous and
industrious naturalists of the Southern Hemisphere.
Cylicia Htjttoni. Plate 12, fig. 1.
Corallum very short, only slightly inclined, and regularly and
broadly oval ; no epitheca, but a false exotheca, compact, and
granular, often uniting the calices, and completely filling up the
space between them ; costa distinct, broad, flat, granular, corres-
OF NEW SOUTH WILIS. 133
ponding to the septa ; calicAs deep ; septa thin, close, not ezsert,
Tery faintly and finely granular ; systems six, cycles four, but the
fourth wanting in two systems ; primaries smooth at their upper
edge, deeply and yery delicately lobed in the lower part, where
the lobes form a false columella ;* on the higher side of many of
the calices there is a second margin as mentioned aboTe. Di-
mensions, alt. 3| to 4, maj. diam. 5, min. diam. 4.
In the curious specimen which is figured, it will be observed
that one of the calices seems partially formed within a larger one,
and that in another there is one septa-costal processes almost
extending, as in some of the Astraaa, across to the contiguous
calices. The figure of plate 12, fig. 1, is slightly enlarged.
I haye already observed in my monograph of the Australian
extra tropical corals that there is much confusion about the
habitats of the species of OyUcia given in Edw. and H. Prof.
Duncan refers 0, Smithii to S. Africa.
The species to which I next call attention belongs to the fifth
group of the Astrean family, the AstrangiacecB or corals which
multiply by buds on a basilar expansion. It is a very small
species and has only one com[)lete cycle, with rarely in some
systems the rudiments of a second. There is only the slightest
trace of any serrations at the edge of the septa and the visceral
cavity is completly flat and smooth at the bottom and not even
a remote sign of a columella. The size of the calices and the
fewness of the septa might induce one to suppose that they were
young specimens. But the buds of any species known to me
are not at all like this, and as the calices become narrower from
the base to the summit, though it might increase the number of
septa would not enlarge the calice. ' There are two very small
species of OyUcia referred to by Messrs. Ed. and H., but they are
doubtful as to their being really members of the genus. The
absence of any signs of a columella and the entire septa are
generic distinctions, yet I think it better for the present to place
this interesting species amongst the OylidcB,
*■ This !• teen very clearly when a section it made across the calic
184 THB PBOCEKDIHet OF THE LINN BAN 80CIBTT
Gtliou vacua, k. 8. Plate 12, figs. 4, 4a, 4b.
OoraUam very small, circular, mach inclined, wiiih a broad base
which sends oat thick roanded buttress-like expansions ; casta
broad, obtusely angular, corresponding with the septa ; epUheca
shining, covering the corallum with numerous small chevron-like
dose rounded folds, giving rise to a "herring-bone" pattern;
caMce circular ; waU thin, somewhat higher than the septa which
are six in number, not exsert, projecting very little into the
calice, only slightly more advanced at the base than at the
calicular edge, and all studded at the base with long processes
projecting at right angles from the face ; no columella. Dimen-
sions, alt. 1^, lat. 2 mil.
On FlahMum ruhrwn, Wellington, New 2iealand. Plate 12,
fig. 4, coral on FlaheU/um, nat. size, 4a, side view, much enlarged,
4b, coral seen from above.
The following coral is remarkable as being a third species of
Flacotrochus differing considerably from the two previously
known. It is smaller, more solid, and with a distinct pedicel.
There are three known Australian Miocene species, namely,
P' deUoideuSf P, elongattUf and P. elegcms. From all of these
also it differs in its pedicellate form. It is not so small as P.
elegaiis, but is more solid.
A synopsis of the fossil species would stand thus : — 1 . Broad
and pointed, P. deltoideus ; 2. Narrow and pointed, P, elongatus;
3. Base nearly as long and broad as calice, P. elegans. The
synopsis of the living species is as follows : — 1. Short with a
basilar scar, P. loevis , 2. Long with a compressed spine at the
base, P. candeanus ; 3. Flabellate and pedicellate, the present
species.
Placotrochus pedicellatds, ». s. Plate 13, figs. 7, 7a.
Corallum small, fiabellate, rather solid, rising from a thick
wide pedicel, from which it spreads abruptly (instead of sloping
gradually) at rather more than a right angle ; costa little raised,
obtasely angular, covered with very distinct close herring-bone
markings ; calice narrowly elliptical, the two ends of the major
axis sharply angular, and about half the whole height below the
OF »BW SOUTH WAl.18. 1^
minor axis, firom which the marginal outline is regnlarly carved ;
fo8$a shallow, not so deep as the line along the major axis ; septa
thick, granular, not exsert in four cycles of six complete systems ;
fourth and fifth orders very small, the rest equal ; columella thick,
rising in two lohes and attached to some of the septa by processes
which proceed from them; pedicel broadly elliptical. Dimensions,
alt 5, maj. axis 5, minor 2|, alt. of pedicel 2, diam. in direction
of maj. axis 2, minor 1.
Princess Charlotte Bay (P) 10 fathoms. Hon. W. Macleay.
Plate 13, fig. 7, corallum much enlarged ; fig. 7a, calice.
On some Frishwateh Shells from New Zealand.
By the Rev. J. B. Tenison-Woods, F.G.S., &c.
Plate 13, figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
The following freshwater shells were submitted to me for
examination by Captain Hutton, F.G.S., from Lake Guyon, and
Taieri River, with three species of Bythinella from the same
localities. From the list given by Edward Yon Martens, it
appears that he regards Pahidestrma and Hydrohia as synonyms
and = to Amnicolay Gould. In July of this year, I sent a paper
to the Royal Society of Tasmania, in which I reviewed the whole
synonomy of Hydrohia, Amnicola, Lithoglyphiis, Faludestrina,
Paludma, Paludinella, lAttorina, and Bythinia, all of which
have at one time or another been regarded as names for the
same kinds of shells. After having sent away my paper I was
allowed to withdraw it, having found that P. Fischer had in the
Journal of Conchology for April, 1878, given a valuable note on
the same subject. I was thus enabled to incorporate his con-
clusions with my own, he having the advantage of seeing types
of the genera he dealt with. His conclusions were nearly the
same as I had arrived at, except that I was not aware any more
than Yon Martens, that Hartmann's Hydrohia entirely referred to
marine species. Now Martens, it appears, regards Hyd/rohia
coraUa of Gould, as the type of Stimpson's Potamopyrgtu, an
o|nnion which is hardly shared by P. Fischer, as far as I can
116 THB raoonmvM of vmm lomjjr aoonTr
gudier from tb^ pftpar referred ta Mons. ffisoher^s eomoliuriowi
are that.the genera Mydrobia end PalmJMHtM are qrnonymonay
indading marine andflariaiole eheUe, baft as Harfcmann only
employed the term for marine aheUsy the name ihoold be confined
to thenu & That Pahidindla and Afrimmea axe eymmynMMUi.
8. AmmMa is probably a genns peoolier to An^m*;^, 4 The
little flayiatile speoieB of PaladtnA with spiral openmla^ shoold be
arranged under the genos JByf&MieQo, whioh is the only genus
speeisUy ereoted fiyr them. 6. The marine speoies should be
called LUknineUa. 6. Hons. Visoher donbts however if the
marine and flayiatile forms are generieally distinct. Any farther
remarks on the salirjeot are contained in my pi^ier read before the
Bojral Socieigr Tasmania. I merely state that I adopt the con^
elusions of Mons. P. Fischer.
Omiui Btthivilla, JfogfUMi Tandom, 1855.
BffihuMa eoroKo, Gould {Mekmial^), Boston 80a Nat. HisL^
vol. 2» p. 4 *^This," says Y. Martens, ''is a ^eiy ▼arhUe sheH^
sometimes with spines and sometimes deetitate of thenu'^ Someof
the figures of the species from the diflfarent auihoni who have
given it different names, vary very much, yet I have no doubt
that the shell is in every case tiiie same as that which is represented
on the accompanying plate ; and I have but little doubt also that
these forms are specifically identical with others under different
names which are found in Australia and Tasmania At least I
cannot point out any single feature upon which I could rely for
their distinction. Under these circumstances, it will serve no
useful purpose to multiply names any more than to say that those
shown on plate 13, figs. 2, 3, 5, are what I distinguish as variety a.
and b. The differences between this shell and B. Wisemania/naf
Braz., are that the spines are always distinct on the New
Zealand shell, but they often merge into a keel on the species
named. I think also the latter is a less turricnlate and more
turbinate form. The absence of these spines or keel from some
of the specimens, is I imagine, wholly attributable to the fact that
these features result from a periostraca which readily disappears.
* Either Reeve's flgfure of the shell is incorrect or the species must be different as the
peristome is not continuous.
OP KBW SOUTH WALB8. 1S7
It will be remarked that those forms which haye no spines are
dean, smooth, diaphanous shells. All the specimens seen by me
have more whorls, are more solid, and generally larger shells
than those of Tasmania and Victoria; the opercnlnm is few
whorled with a lateral nucleus ; some portions of it are almost
transparent, while there are darker spots of reddish brown color,
and the whole seems covered with a secondary exterior membrane
of sooty appearance rather like the periostraca. A smooth variety
is represented at plate 18, fig. 8. Pahtdestrina Oumi/ngiana, M.
P. Fischer, (Jour. Conch. 1860, p. 208,) is said by its author to
be distinguished by its globular ventricose form ; absence of
spines on 8^ first whorls, their greater number (17 — 20) on last
whorl ; their length, obliquity (curving towards spire) ; the obso-
lete keel on last whorl corresponding to spines ; the peristome
slightly thickened and entire. Palvdestrma salleana, Fischer, is
more conical, less globular, shorter spines, and on four last whorls,
keels lirate but below the spines ; last whorl less proportionately
swollen. The figure of these two shells in the journal referred to
seem to me to be too highly colored and would not lead one to
infer that the spines arose from a periostraca, which they certainly
do.
The Physas sent to me differ considerably from the only two
attributed to New Zealand by Von Martens, P. tdbulata, Gould,
and P. variabilis, Gray ; but there are many more described by
Beeve who does not notice the latter by Gray.
Physa tahulata is a much more inflated shell than the one first
to be described ; stouter, more solid, especially in the columella.
P. NovoB Zelandia, Gray, is nearer but still wider, more flattened,
and with a thicker columella. P. aniipodea, Sow., is elongated
and not flattened. P. gihhosa, Gould, {Wilkes Expl. Exp,) is very
like it and corresponds closely in size and colouring. Gould*s
description is " hreviter subcylvndraceay pallide stramvnea, polita,
spira hrevi, conica, acuminata^ uU. anfr. superne gibhosa vel lotun-
daie angulata, antice attenuata, apertura elongata^ lahio externo
rectivsculo, plica columellari, hrevi torluosa. There are quite suf-
ficient differences to make one decide on calling the following a new
speoies. The difieronoes tire the color, the double ang'te on the
whorls above and below the fliitteDed portion ) bat I do not deny
that they may be only varieties of one type of which P. tabvlata
U tbe extreme.
Phts* otFTONKNSis, N. 8. Plate IS, fig. *.
P. t. subumbilieaia, ovala, tentie ttriata linets inorerttenti tantitm,
param niienle, ojiaca, supeme eorraa, luteo-comea vel ohvacea,
plus mwMMoe sordide alro nehvXoea ; anfr. 4, valda decUvibiis,
Tapide deereiceniilma, ulUmo valde ruperanti, medio late plaimlo,
£ carinis obsoklit inrignilo ; splra brevi, aevia ; operfttro loli^
ovata. Feriitoma aeuUnn rotundati^m, Lahio refletco, eolumdla
crasgmseida. Long. 13, lat 7\ long, apert d, lat 5, long, spire 4.
Lake Oayon, New Zealand.
Shell sabambilicate, ovate, slightly striate with the lines of
growth only, bo me what shining, opaqne, corroded above.
yellowish horn or olive, more or less sordidly clouded with
black ; four wborls rapidly decreasing and very much sloping ;
last much larger than the rest, and broadly flattened in the
middle, with two obsolete keels in the midst, short, acute,
aperture broadly ovate. Peristome acute, rounded, lip reflected,
columella rather thick.
This species seems especially distingnished by the short spire,
the xlopiug form, the flattened last wborl which has a faintly
rounded keel above and below it. The thickening of the
oolnmella and the sabambilioation are also peouliar. It ia an
approach to some of the North Australian forms, bat not ve^
near, and there is no congener like it in Soathem Australia or
Tasmania.
Pbiba. LiBtiA, N. s. Plate 13, fig. 6.
F.t. parva, imperforaia, elongato-ovata, tub-ddaphana, httao-eotjua,
periottraea fuUginoia plaa mtnuwe induCa ,- anfr. 4, Aeelwibitt, ipi-
raUiBT punetalie regwlairiter liratis, gupeme eonepicwe carmatia, Itneti
iitcretnenti eonfertit, tenuieiimu ; rpira ersertn, amiia; apmiura
eUiplioa, perigtomaie acuto, ienuiasimo, labio coniorto, kaud refiexo,
escaeie dejmtto, antiee valde produelo. Long. 9^, lat. 5, long, apert.
5, lat 8, long spire 3, millint. Taireri River. Capt. F. W.
Hatton.
OF KEW SOUTH t^ALBS. 199
Shell small imperforate, elongately oyate, BHining, sub-diaph-
anoas, yellowish horn, covered more or less with a sooty peri-
ostraca ; whorls 4, sloping spirally and regnlarly panctately lirate
(liraB somewhat distant), carinate above, lines of growth close
and very fine ; spire exsert, acnte ; aperture elliptic ; peristome
sharp, very thin ; lip not reflected but twisted, exactly defined
and anteriorly produced.
This shell differs from the preceding in its narrow elongate
form and the conspicuous keel. On some specimens a second
faint keel above may be noticed. When the shell is covered with
periostraca the keel becomes a line of somewhat indistinct
granules. This coupled with the faint indistinct dotted line
makes me think that the shell in its perfect state or in its young
state is covered with a horny periostraca, which has regular lines
of spines or hairs at intervals. It would then resemble some of
the Victorian and Tasmanian species, except that none of the
hirsute kinds are so small as this shell, nor have they any keel.
With these exceptions, the present shell comes nearest to Fhysa
Bnmonensis, Sow., of any Australian congener, and the nearest in
New Zealand is F, mcesta, H. Adams, which is angled above but
longer and more inflated.
The following is a list of all the N.Z. PhyscR known to me.
P. tahulata, Gray, P. gibhosay Oould, P. variahilis, Gray, P.
Nova Zdandia, Gray, P. mcesta, H. Adams, P. anUpodea, Sow.,
P. guyonensis and /'. Urata, Nobis.
EXPLANATION OF FIGURES.
Plate 13.
Fig. 2. Bythmella corolla, Gould ; much enlarged.
Fig. 3. Variety a, much enlarged.
Fig. 6. Variety b, ditto.
Fig. 4. Physa guyonensis.
Fig. 6. Physa li/rata.
140 THB PBOCESDIN08 OF THE LIKNBAN BOCIVTY
On Several New Australian (chiefly) Fresh- Water^Fishes.
By Count F. de Castelnau.
I publish here the description of seven species of fishes that seem
to me not to have been described before : —
One, a Oheilodactylus, is from the Melbourne market; two
small sorts, forming I believe a new genus which I name Aristeus,
are from fresh water, one being found in the Murrumbidgee and
Ropes Greek and the other in the Bookhampton Biver ; two of
Eleotris, one from the Fitzroy and the other from the Brisbane
rivers; an Atherinichihys from a fresh water lagoon connected with
the Richmond Biver, and the last a small fish of the family
SHurida from the Bockhampton Biver (Fitzroy).
Six out of the seven are from fresh water. The Australian
fishes from this source still are very little known, but I
have reason to believe that their number is very considerable.
In fact any person collectiag even the most common kinds,
particularly the small ones, in any river, lake or stream, is almost
certain of rendering good service to science.
Cheilodacttlus, eubrofasciatus.
Height of body contained a litttle more than three times in
total length up to the base of the caudal ; head three times and
a half in the same length ; dorsal with seventeen spines, of which
the 5th, 6th and 7th are the longest ; the soft portion is
formed of twenty-six rays ; this portion is considerably higher
than the spinous ; caudal strongly emarginated ; anal with
three spines, the first being the shortest, the second strong and
arched, the third long and slender, rays nine ; ventrals
rather large ; pectorals large, of fifteen rays, the six lower ones
being simple, the three upper of these longer than all the
other rays ; body and head covered with scales, rough on their
external half, those of the body much larger than those of
the head ; they number seventeen on the transverse line, and
fifty on the longitudinal one ; the colour judged by the
stuffed skins, and the report of the Taxidermist who skinned
OF KBW SOUTH WALB8. 141
ihem, seems to have been of a brownish olive, with six broad
transverse bands of a rich crimson ; head of the last colour ;
month and base of the lower fins of the same colour.
I owe the knowledge of this fine species to Mr. St. John, who
prooored several specimens in the Melbourne market; thej
measure from fourteen to eighteen inches in length.
Nora. — ^This sort seems to oome near (7. zonaius, which has been found
on the Australian west ooast as well as the Chioese seas.
AKISTEUS, N. OEN.
This new genus enters the family OohvidcB. Body compressed,
oval, rather high, with mouth advanced and nearly pointed ; two
dorsals, the first short, the second long ; caudal truncate ; anal
very long ; ventrals insexted very near one another behind the
pectorals, and having a spine and five rays; scales large, not
ciliated ; teeth crowded on both jaws ; small pavement-like teeth
very numerous on all the bones of the pa^te ; a transverse Hne
of larger and pointed ones on the vomer ; opercles entire ; cleft
of the mouth smaQ not extending to iJtie line from the orbit ; head
soaly ; no distinct lateral line ; lower jaw rather larger than Uie
upper one.
Akbtbus Fitzrotbnsis.
The heig^ of the body is twice and a half in the total length,
without the caudal fin; there are twenty-ei^t soaks on the
kntgitndinal line ; first dorsal formed of one spine and six rays ;
second dorsal high, formed of a loftg strong spine and ten rays ;
the anal high, very long, with one sjpme and nineteen rays. Color,
silvery browp ; the fins spotted with pink. Length, two inches
and a half. From the Fitzroy Biver (Sockhampton.)
Abistsus fluvutilis.
Nearly of the same form as the {^receding, but rather more
elongate, the last rays of the first dorsal prolonged into a filament
■M>re than half tiie height of the body ; caudal slightly bilobed ;
aeeond dorsal with a strong spine and twelve rays ; the anal with
one spine and eighteen rays ; the gimaral colour of a silvery dark
toown ; the fins not spotted*
I havetwe speoimois of this fish, one, two and a half inches
long. It oomes bom, Iha Mairumfaidgee, and was kindly given
us IBS FIOOBBKIXOB or rOM IVtVBUS SOCIBTT
to rae by the Hon. W. Macleay ; the other wan fonnd by Mr.
Daboalay, in Rope's Creek, and is three and a half iacheB
long. It has a very feebly marked blaek longitadinal Btripe on
each side.
This genus would, perhaps, in Dr. Onnther'B System, be in-
cluded with Eleotrit, aa it comes certainly near Bleeker's genoe,
Aileropteryte, which is in that case, but it is very distinct from it
by its long anal fin. This last genns is founded on a species
named by Bleeker, Ountheri, from the rivers of Sumatra. It is
figured by Dr. Gunther in the Jmim. of ike Muaewm. Oodeffmy
fishes pi. XIII All these fishes are also nearly allied to the
Bleoln's ci/prinoidiig of Ouvier and Yal. teom the riTor St. Maurice
in the Isle of Bourbon.
ElBOTBIS SULCATICOtLlS.
Head large, broad, depressed witfa a deep longitudinal groove
on its upper part ; form oval, oblong ; body compressed ; scales
rather large, numbering thirty-four on the longitudinal line ; Bnt
deraal formed of six rays, the second of eleven ; caudal broad
and rounded ; anal with one spine and eleven rays ; both the
SBOond dorsal and the anal with the last rays elongated. Id
liquor the colour is of a bright yellow with the raya of the fins
slightly dotted witli black.
The specimen is four inches long j from the Brisbane Rirer.
NoTK. — This sort comes near my Eleotria planieept.
Elbotsis adsfebsa.
Body OTol, elongate ; head rather broad with a groove on the
top of the back part ; eleven series of scales between the origin
of the posterior dorsal fin and the anal; head entirely scaly up
to the snont ; height of the body contained less than four times
in the total length without the oandal fin ; diameter of the eye
contained more than foni times in the length of the head ; the
cleft of the mouth does cot attain the line from the anterior
edge of the eye ; first dorsal with eight 8|iinea ; second high,
with eleven rays ; candal rounded ; anal, of tne Bnme form aa the
second dorsal, of twelve rays. Colour bright hrown with the belly
yellow (in liquor) ; body covered with small rounded dark brown
OF VBW S0T7TH WALBS.
143
spots ; all the fins finely variegated with brown ; several olive
Inrown lines on the sides of the head. This species resembles
sulcoiiieoUiif but the head is much narrower. From the Fitzroy
River (Rockhampton).
The specimen, four inches long, belongs to the Queensland
Mnsenm.
Athebinichthts duboulayi.
Height of the body contained only three times and one sixth in
the total length without the caudal fin ; head four times in the
same ; body oval, oblong, compressed ; the head rather pointed ;
the eye contained four times in the head ; the spinous dorsal
commences a little in front of the insertion of the ventral ; the
first dorsal formed of one spine and five rays, the three first of
which are rather produced ; the second dorsal is formed of one
spine and thirteen rays, the last of which are rather produced ;
the caudal is strongly forked ; the anal of one spine and thirteen
rays, the last of which are rather produced ; there are thirty
scales on the lateral line.
I owe my specimen of this fish, which is a little over three
inches long, to Mr. Duboulay who found it in a lagoon of fresh
water connected with the Richmond River. He says that the
colours were during life most beautiful ; that a broad stripe of
magnificent blue ran all along the sides, and that two transverse
bands of rich scarlet extended on the upper part of the fish
towards the middle of the body.
BUMEDA, N. GEN.
Belongs to the Stlwrida Heteroptera of Gunther, and probably
comes near Sihmchthys. Body elongate, compressed ; eye placed
on the upper part of the head ; one dorsal fin with a pungent spine ;
adipose, none ; anal very long and joining the caudal which is
obliquely truncated ; ventrals inserted behind the perpendicular
from the dorsal ; three pairs of short barbels, on the anterior
part of the snout, a£ the angle of the mouth, and on the
lower jaw ; lateral line continued all the length of the body ;
teeth on both jaws numerous crowded and tubercular with a
line of sharp conical ones in front ; nostrils remote from each other ;
head and body covered with a soft skin.
m THE TBOO«IMI>«e OW TBt UVVtUII BOOIBTT
BOKEDA BtmiOATA.
The long anal joins the oandal and eslends apwards on ths encl
of the tail ; the ootoar (in spirits) is brown, becoming tighter on
the lower parte ; the Gns bare a yellowish linge.
The specimen is fonr and a half inches long. From the Brishane
River, Rockhampton.
PEOPOSED ZOOLOGICAL STATION FOR SYDNEY. W
By N. DB MlKLUCHO-liLlCLiT.
The last meeting of the Linnean Society afforded mc an
oppottanity of referring to the subject of a zoological at^ation. On
the present occasion I wish to point out the chief conEiderations
which show the necessity of snch an institntion, to mention a few
facts with regard to inatitations of ihis kind already existing,
and to bring before your notice those ciroumBtanoes which wonld
seem to facilitate the eslabliahmcnt of snch a station in Sydney.
I shall make my commanication us brief as possible, becaase,
in the first place, it seems scarcely necessary to adrocate at great
length the utility of Eoological stetions in general before a scien-
tific audience, and secondly, iny knowledge of the English lan-
guage ia not extensive enough to ponnit me to enter upon a very
full discussion.
Tfae chief reason why the estabUshment of soologioal Btatdons
becomes every day a matter of inoreasing importance, and preases
itself more and more npon the attention of eoientifio societies, are
two in nomber.
The Jirst is the fact that tnvwunu prove intuffident for &w study
<^ anatomy, histology, and still more embryology, if these atadies
are to aatiaiy the demands of modem science. In this fket we
find the repetition of the universal rale, that as a scuence develops
itself the field of its investigation is correspondingly enlarged,
new and difficult problems present themselves, and tjie progresa
of the science depends apon the progressive discovery and
apphoation of new or improved appliances. It is not only that the
OV VBW fOWH WAL18. 146
specimens presenred in museams are often wnndted to anatomioal
mveetigations, and altc^^lier inoapable of being need in those
pertaining to histology ; but the amount of material in mnseums
is generally imuffioient tm quantity. Now it is undoubtedly
upon the qtialify and quantity of material at command that the
value and completeness of the investigation very obviously depend.
tSetxmdhf : Alti^ough, hitherto, most scientific travellers follow the
same routine, and devote their time and energies to collecting,
and that often in the field of several sciences, I cannot but think
that the time has arrived when this method should be abandoned,
and that in place of mere coUectiDg or making collections, the
great aim of travel should he observation and investigation exercised
immediately, and upon ihe spot. For this reason I believe that
the establishment of zoological stations in various parts of the
world corresponding to the regions in which its fauna is distributed
from being a fond hope or pious wish will, under the pressure of
ahsolute necessity turn into an a4icompUshed fact.
The establishment of the Zoological Station in Naples, success-
M as it has been, and attended with most important results,
o&rs us a proof and confirmation of what I have stated.
But in addition to these two main reasons for looking upon
soolog^oal stations in general as things of immediate necessity,
another presents itself from a different quarter. I mean the
circumstance, that nest after the tropics (which are the richest
in animal life), the widest field offered to the investigator of
aatore, and consequently the most suitable region for the establish-
ment of zoological stations, is Australia, with a fauna so
interosting, so important and so very far from sufficiently known,
especially as regards anatomy and embryology. Such a country
would be the place for a zoological station, or to speak more
correctly, for sefoeral such stations.
But perhaps many of those whom I have the honor of address-
iDig, while they will agree with me in most of the considerations
above submitted, and attach due importance to the Australian
fianna, and to the necessity of more thorough investigations of it
than o(dleotions and museums can supply, would ask me what is
to be understood by a zoological station ?
146 TKi noosisnras ov nn xanrmr ioonvr
To oomprifle ihe anBww in as fisir words m poiwHe^ ^Uiia
laboraiovy eriatUthed far wnSmdmg imetUgmtioma l» omrfDaiy,
emhryologyt kuMo^, and, ^ poifJbfa» pftsftMogfy at walL** The
idea is not a new one. In tiie year 1868, Dr. Anton Dohni and
myself were stopping in Meeshia ftir ihb porpossof ■ocflogicsl
sindies, and we tben became oonTinced tibat the estaMiriiment of
Boologioal stations was becoming a eitol gum/Kom^ mid a neeem^
for Boienea. That this was not merely my canincyon I wiU show
by qnoting the words of my frkod Dr. Dbhm himself: — ^^in
** spite of a tolerably rich mtppij isX instmnients and books, I
^ mnst, in my regard for the tmth, conftss that niy perfermances
'' fell very far short of my expectations. It fluwL no better with
^ my Bossian companion, MiHnho-Maciay. We were atriking
** examples of bot^ the cases described above^ of labor expended
''to no purpose^ and we were both brouglit ipontaneonsly to'
** reflect on the great advantages which we might have derired
'' from a weQ-estabUshed laboratory.'**
For ^years past I have often fbond myself during my travds,
in circamstanoes similar to those experienced in Messina. Dmrbg
my wanderings I have often found myself lodged fixr wedoi and
months together in the houses and palaces of noUe and even
Royal hosts, and yet how gladly would I have exchanged the
comforts and splendour of such dwellings for a small bat
tolerably well furnished laboratory where wndMwrhed and
undisturhing I could have carried on my work.
When I arrived in Sydney about six weeks ago, I found myself
once more in a similar position.
I had in my voyage from Singapore to this place so far re-
covered from an illness arising out of a prolonged residence in
New Guinea, that I was once more able to work ; but there was
no suitable place to work in. Ten or twelve days elapsed, and I
was still idle. Probably a still longer period would have passed
in the same conditions, had not the friendly proposal of Mr. W.
* A. Dohm. Der gegeiiwertij:e Stand der Zoolojfie, imd die QrUndung Zoolo^ischer
Stationen. Preussische TahrbUcher, Vol. XXX., p. 8 of copy. To those who are interested
in this question, I cordially recommend the i)eru8al of the article above quoted, as likewise
of another by the same author— Die Einwaihung der Zoologischer Station zu Neapel. Vol.
2LJLJL V.
Of KBW SO0TH WALES. 147
Macleaj, that I should work in his moseam, and his kind offer of
hospitality, both of which I thankfully accepted, afforded me the
opportunity of continuing my pursuits and saving my time from
farther waste.
I can even adduce statistical proof to show that mine is no
egoce^tional case^ but that the samie want has operated elsewhere.
In the pamphlet upon the opening of the zoological station in
Naples in the year 1865, I find this announcement. While in
former years the number of zoologists visiting Naples probably
finctuated between fomr and eight, already in the first year, from
£aster, 1874, to Easter, 1875, no less than thirty-sia '< savans,"
scientific investigators, have pursued their investigations on
marine animals in the zoological station. Of this number 2 were
Aostrians, 4 Italians, 5 Englishmen, 5 Dutch, 5 Russians, and
15 Germans. That through the establishment of a tolerably
good laboratory the number has increased sixfold, is a striking
testimony that there is no dea/rth of mlUng workers and competent
men^ hut only of suitable places to work in.
I would add a few words oo the stations already existing, and
on those projected.
Whether the embryo of the zoological station in Messina, at
which Dr. Dohrn and myself laboured, has received further
development I know not, but Dr. Dohrn founded what is properly
speaking, the first zoological station at Naples. This establish-
ment, which cost him about 100,000 thalers, for which the town
of Naples gave him gratuitously, but under certain conditions,
the best site on the seashore in the Villa Beale, and of which I
now present the photographic view, is described by its founder in
a letter to me as ^^ prosperous and flourishing. '^^ But this letter was
written in the year 1875, and since that time I have been for more
than two years out of reach of any communication by the post.
In America a similar institution was established in New York
under the direction of Professor Alexander Agassiz, and a similar
one was projected in Trieste in connection with the Universities
of Vienna and Oratz.
148 THE PBOCBSDIKaa OF THB UHHBAJI 80CIBTT
Two Others hare also been establifihed, one in Holland and the
oliher in the English Channel on the Island of JevBeiy.
In oonseqnenoe of a prolonged abode in Johor (in the sonth of ihe
Malay Peninsula), I endeavoured in 1875 to establish aao(^ogioal
station there. The site, in the very midst of tiie tropical world, and
in the neighbourhood of Singapore appeared to me especiallj
adapted for such a purpose. * This undertaking had nearly reached
its completion: the site, a small island, had been liberally
guaranteed to me by the British (^oremment, and the plan of the
small building had been laid out, when a new Toyage to the islands
of the Pacifie and also New Guinea, interrupted my personal
superintendence of the execution of my plan. When, after two
years' absenoe, I arrived at Singapore, 1 learned to my great sorrow
and annoyance that, in spite of all that I had done^ my proposal
had not arrived at its accomplishment. The illness which ensued
upon my return to Singapore — which is also one of the causes
which has impelled me to visit Australia — ^rendered any renewal
of my attempt impossible. But I hope, if my wandering life
allows it, to realise my deep-felt desiire for the establishment of
a station in the tropics. The place which I have in view for that
purpose is Kema, to the north of the Island of Celebes.
After this short historical survey of the gradual rise of zoo-
logical stations, I return to my proposal and pass trom. the
theoretical to the practical side.
To summarise briefly what is wanted. We require a work-
shop— a laboratory for zoological students in the widest senss of the
word. It may at first be a single well-lighted room of tolerable
size, furnished with some of the most necessary implements.
The full apparatus and furniture may be completed hereafter.
Everyone who works at the station will gladly undertake, after
the completion of his investigations, to increase the original
stock by the gift of the appliances which he has needed for his
own labour. The immediate need is not of appa/ratuSf hut of a
place for undisturbed work — a suitable convenient room, or, better
still, a small detached cottage built for the purpose.
Sec " Nature," Vol. XII., No. 304, p. 382.
or wMw soirrB wjiLSt. 149
I wonld fenfaire to point oat a rite wbich appears to me matt
gwUahle for the object in yiew ; it is the localitj in the neighboar>
hood of Mr. W. Macleaj's Moseimi. The great advantages of
this site are the following : —
1. The Madeay MtuetMU offers an excellent general view of the
Anstralian fanna, and that of the surrounding countries.
2. Mr. Madeay will, doubtless, not refuse the use of his rich
Zoological lAbrary to any working naturalist.
3. The neighhowrhoad of the sea is of great importance for the
study of the marine fauna, and for the establishment of an
aquarium, which will probably be set up in due time in the, pro-
posed station.
4l In Mr. Madeay the institution would find a most compe-
tent director \ his great zoological acquirements especially as
r^;ards the fauna of Australia, New Guinea, &q,^ will be of the
utmost importance and utility for every naturalist who comes to
Sydney, and desires to occupy himself with thorough investiga-
tions in Australian zoology; this I can state from personal
experience. His love of natural science, and the interest which
he consequently takes in its advancement^ which the proposed
institution is certam to develops to no smaU extent^ are guarantees
that under his guidance and inspection the station will be main-
tained in a floMrishdng condition.
The conditioDS which I have enumerated, namdy a suitable rite,
close to the sea^ and in the neighborhood of a good museum and a
rich Ubraryf together with the important adddUon of a thoroughly
competent ddredor^ are such as bear me out in the assertion which
I have made above, that* Sydney possesses umisual facilities for
the establishment of tk first zoological station in Australia.
I trust that the distinguished sodety which I have the honor of
addressing, will coindde with me in these views, and that looking
upon this undertaking as one every way worthy of a sdentific
body they will take into conrideration the best means of giving
speedy effect to a plan of which the honor will belong to them-
selves, but the benefits will be felt and recognised by the world
atlaige.
no TBS PBOCXaDUTM OP tfiB UKlTSAK BOCtSTT
If the sDoMy rcgahrd the eetahUehmeiit of Book « sidological
■ttiiidii de0iraft>le) I i^ia^l ha^e mach pleasure in layitig b^te ito
next meeting a sketch bf ths huUdihig rejtttrAl, together wilbh A
brief table of rules as to the mode in which Ihe station shall he
used.
NoTE.-*^A CMdMoHbte of M6k&blitii wto tf][)|KUtit6d t6' donnctieb^ BSin:^
HEMdayV ptopoMd, stid to t^ipcH tfatttbH «t tktt Aett #iottthly mecStang
of the Society.
Li^n)6^!ni!#A ittfiriai^th^ Aim.li fenhinal iii a tEit:e!t&6N bi" IfitmM.
By Reginald Bugh Bsad, M.B.C.S«
Pla;tel4
Bjtety 16 iilliie' prdi^nt ye^, (1878) the enqnity wok addr^ed to
the MieroSdopical 8«c^n Of the Bd^al Society of N^ fSdtilL
Wiled, on b6h^f of th^ Pr^^iift ^£ the EoyiJ lliiti^ofic^ce
fioci^ of IibBtd!(«ii, H. T. Slack, Esq—** Wh^hfeJr there existed
iii the colony 9!rhf fetttterfiied or itibihs i^ith a bb^g pfroboseid
nSmikr to thoE^ #hich attiabk the tft&nge tree it Soath Aitdtt^Iia f
Which wad sent on to this Society to answer. Mr. Slack's etaqairy
Was a littlfef puzzling, since it is the orange and not its tree which
is attacked by these Lepidoptera, Which are fb^tiinately very rare
in those districts adjacent to Sydney which are the chief com-
mercial seat of the prodaction of the orange in Australia
The ftbrlilisation of flowers by insects has led botanists to bestow
pariacnlar attention to the arrangements whereby insects ente
attracted to flowers as well as those vations modifications of the
organs of ihe flower by Which its cross-^rtilisation may be most
readily eflected. In the stady of the antlia of these Lepidoptera
which assist in this fertilisation, the entomologist will And a large
field, hitherto scarcely touched upon, and which will prove the
more interesting, as it will have, probably, an important part in
the future classification of Lepidoptera. In the genus which
forms the subject of this paper the adaptation of the organ is of a
most remarkable character.
or insw SOUTH WAtiSs. KH
The fbDest notice of these Lepiiioptera is contaiiied in a most
interesting commanication by M. T. KUnckel, of 80tli Avg., 1875,
to ^ Gomptes Bendns,^' which is translated in the Annals and
Magazine of Natural History, accompanied by drawings, at p.
371 of vol. Xn., for 1876.
Mr. Slack has just forwarded me a paper read by him before
the fioyal Microscopical Society on 6th October, 1875, on "Per-
forating Proboscis," in which he called attention to a short notice
in April, 1874, by Mr. M*Intyre, describing the perforating
proboscis of a moth said to have come from West A'frica. Mr.
Slack also refers to the paper by EUnokel, w'hom heeorreetsinan
important detail, Tia., the asserted rigidity of the tnmk.
Had, however, the publication been continued of Scott's
** Australian Lepidoptera," notice would have been attracted as
early as 1864, since in a lithograph (exhibited to the Society)
prepared for Part lY by Miss Scott, the AntHa are figured with
''serrations immediately behind the i^harply pointed tip,** the
description given in Mr. Scott's M.SS.
The genus Ojphideres Boisd,, to which the possession appears
to be confined of Antlia whose terminal forms a teretron (tiperpov.
Wk borer, gimlet) is represented in New South Wales by two
species, 0,/tiMonica, and 0, Athmsom (Scott. M.SS.), and as
these species are also found in Queensland at Rockhampton, they
are probably identical with those which attracted the notice of the
IPrench botanist, Thozet, v^bo first drew Kunckel's attention to
liheir depredations- on the Orange.
Of the specimens from which the accompanying drawings have
been made, I am indebted for those of 0. fullonica, to Wm.
Macleay, Esq., whose valuable Museum at Elizabeth 'Bay, is of
such service to students of Natural History ; and for those of 0.
Aikinsoni, to the kind courtesy of Walker Scott, Esq.
. In his paper, Ktlnckel stated that Ophideres were exceptional
to the other Lepidoptera, since they possessed a rigid trunk ; in
{his he was in error, since the Antlia coil in the usual way,
ahhough the terminal portion which may be designated the
teretron possesses considerable rigidity.
AHhongh aware of Xiinckers description and illustration, I was
quite unprepared for the wonderful appearance the antlia
played vben placed under a power of 60 to 85 of the microBOope,
and it reqnired considerable and patient attention to master the
details preaented. The varied appearance and wonderfol display
of color has made it an object of attraction to all wlio have seen it-
FremiBiag that the two applied maxillsB constitute the antlia, the
extremity or terminal portion which forms the teretron is aboat
one-eighth of the whole length of the antlia. The description
subjoined is of the terminal of one of the maxillte, being one-
half of the teretron.
Upper and outer sw/ace (fig. 1, 3, 4). Tip acutely pointed,
expanding upwards into three barhs, two of wliich, the first and
third, are placed on the outer side, whilst the second is intermediate
between them and nest the line of junction of the ma*illiE.
From the barbed portion the terminal begins to expand, and on
its upper surface is presented in a line above the second barb a
curved projection terminating abruptly, shewing a sharp ov^
gouge-like edge ; the interior of the projection is sharply
hollowed ont, and from it arises a large rounded tooth-like
process- From this point commence two or more rows of
thickly set setie, which continue the whole length of the antlia.
Above and on the outer side of the terminal is placed, diagonally,
a second process similar to that already described, whilst above,
in a hne between the first and second, occurs the third. The
fourth is placed above and in a line alternating between the
second and third. The fifth is similarly placed in relation to the
third and fourth, and the sixth and last in repect of the fourth
and fifth. Each superior process is shghtly larger than (hat
below it At the base of the sixth process, in a slightly cupped
hollow, is a solitary long spine, whose office may be to prerent
the teretron being plunged too deeply into fmite to permit of
withdrawal.
I7nd«r surface (fig. 2). Tip acutely pointed, expanding upwardg,
thea suddenly [contracting, gives a sharp transverse ridge one-half
iray np the bu'bed portion, which again expands upwards and
outwards, and forms a second sharp edged transverse ridge.
The remainder of the terminal is divided nnequally into three
diviaionB, each of which presents a very strong sharp loaoet-liln
07 VKW SOUTH WALK. 153
process. At the junction of the terminal with the remainder of
the maTJUm are set diagonally upwards and outwards four
oonicallj shaped ^ines, then, a space intervening, there is placed
higher np the mazilke a set of three similar spines ; afier a
loDger interval a set of two spines occurs, and finally a single
spine is placed at a considerable distance from the last two,
making ten in all placed like the teeth of a long harrow (fig. o).
Furnished with this extraordinary apparatus these species of
Ophideres are able to pierce the skin of the orange even before it
has turned yellow, two or three sometimes attacking the same fruit.
They can also pierce the tough rind of the banana whilst still
green.
It is to be hoped that this paper will lead other observers
to watch the habits of these interesting Lepidoptera, and I shall
be obliged for any communications respecting them, and also for
fresh specimens for dissection.
Microscopical examination of numerous specimens of Catocala
Anocala and SpcmoccLUij Scott, disclose a wonderful diversity of
arrangement of papillie and spines, so that it may probably be
found advisable to arrange the Antlia of the Lepidoptera in four
divisions, viz. : —
Antlia — Smooth.
Ex. Dcmais lMpjpu$,
— Partially papillate.
Ex. Vanessa Atalanta (?)
— Partially papillate, with spines set at intervals along
the whole under surface of antlia.
Ex. Anocala^ n, sp.^ Scott.
— Furnished with teretron and with spines along part
of under surface of antlia.
Ex. Ophideres fidlonica and Atkinsoni.
At p. 223, YoL Vlll of Nature there is a description and
drawing of the proboscis of a Sphinx ( $ ) by Herman Milller,
wHch proves the correctness of Darwin's assertion as to the
fertilisation of Anagrcecum cesquvpedale — " there must be moths
with a proboscis capable of extension to a length of between 10
and 11 inches."
ExpiviMATiOH OP Plate 14.
Pig, 1. — Upper surface of borer.
Fig, 2. — Under enrfaoe of borer.
Fig. 3 and 4.— Side rie^ of Bams.
Fig. 6. — ArrangeDient of spines.
Kga. 1, 3, 4, X 85. Fig., 2 x 60.
Ifote oil the traohoGB of oertoin AuBhralian Docks.
By E. P. Ramsay, F.US.
■ Proceedings for the year 1877, I made eome remarks
Anstratiao Teat, and
in the trachew of thia
not a little surprised
fouud in the trachece
stained a considerable
on the Anas eoitanea of Eytoi
referred to Professor Newton's remarks
species, see P.Z. S. 1871, p. 649. I wi
at the statement thnt u bulla ossea wa
of both Beies, having some years ago e
number of the same species without finding any buUa ossea in the
female, but in the males it was well developed. I have recently
Biamined six females with the same results, finding no trace of
this organ in any of them, I believe therefore that Professor
Newton must have been misled by the carelessness of bis
taxidermist
In Myroea oMtralis the bulla omea, found in the males only,
is of lai^e size ; in the Freckled Duck, Stictonetta navosa, it is not
found, either in the male or female, bnt the tracheee of the male
has a slight swelling about ^ of its length from the root of the
tongue, and in this enlargement the rings are divided, by a
narrow silt, of which however more hereafter, when I hope to be
able to offer the Society some remarks on this and other spooies of
Australian Ducks. For the present I wish merely to correct an
error into which my friend. Professor Newton, has fallen, aod
which I quoted in the above mentioned paper on AnstnUian
Birds.
~\
Of lilh^ ujftntL wixtf . 156
ttolliisca of the '' Chevert " Expedition.
By J. BftAziKB, CJLZ.S., Gorr. M.a.S. Tas., &a, ^bc.
TUBBO SUPRAOBAlfOSUS.
Trochus (GibltUa) sujpragranostu, Smith, Journal Linn. Society,
Xondon, Zoology, VoL XII, p. 558, pL XXX, fig. 15.
Hob. Barnard and Fitzroy Islands, North East Australia;
Sue and Duugeness Islands, Torres Straits ; Makera Harbour,
&U1 Christoval; also, Florida Island, Solomon Islands, found
under stones ; f^ercy Island Ko. U, North East Australia, brought
up in the dredge from 18 fathoms.
Mr. Edgar A. Smith remarks that one of the chief peculiarities
of this species is that the spiral lirsB on the last whorl near the
middle run in pairs ; the lirations on the spire become grannlose
as the apex is approached ; the brown or pinkish brown stripes
which flow downwards from the suture are interrupted somewhat
by the transverse sulci, and thus appear as oblong dots on the
lir». On the back of the body whorl, not far from the lip, is a
large brown or pinkish brown stain. Mr. Smith places it in the
&inily of TrochidcB. I have examined the operculum and find it
to be calcareous, therefore place it in the family Turbvnida. In
1865, t found it very plentiful at Florida Island ; a great number
of specimens were obtaind at Damley Island, in Torres Straits,
(dead) at the depth of 25 to 30 fathoms ; a few abo were obtained
at Palm Island, North East Australia, at 8 fathoms sandy mud
bottom, specimens lighter in colour.
DtlAWmGS BY AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINBS.
St J. 0. Cox, M.D., F.L.S., Ac.
Plates 15 and 16.
The cbawings on sheets of bark, which I have laid before the
Sooie^ tiiis evening, were obtained from the natives on Essington
Isbmd, «e ihe north coast of Australia. The aborigines of th«
Australian continent appear to have been in the habit of painting
■ USWUX BOCIBTT
on a similar material ; unfortunately, owing to the perisbable
nature of the bark aod to the pigment used, commonlj pipeclay,
being easily defaced, few of these iilastratiocB have been saved.
Mr. Brongh Smythe has, however, been successful in preserving
some few of these relics, and has figured them in the valuable
work which he has just published ou the habits and customs of
the natives of Victoria. I have on several ocoasioas seen in
caves, drawings of various objects made by the natives, with out-
lines of lizards and kangaroo, dec., these latter invariably on a small
scale, and all associated with the weU-known " red hand " — but I
bare never met with, nntil now, such large drawings of animals
on sheets of bark, as those I now place before the Society. I
have indeed seen even larger sheets of the samo material, but these
were ornamented by the natives witb ongalar figures painted
with red, white, and yellow clay, and a colouring matter, which
is obtained from the inside of lamps of iranatone, similar to that
used in former times by the aborigines to cover their bodies witL
I fancy the only use made of snch drawings as these mnst be to
render their meetings more attractive when dancing before the
fire in the wild gesticalatioDS of a corrobborree, or they may be
drawn for amosemeut when confined to their caves by the
inclemency of weathtr, certainly not made to ornament their
gnnyft's as we, onr rooms, with piotnres.
Fig&. I, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, plate 15, ue kU on ons aheet at bark,
about 2 fe«t 2 inches long, and 10 incbea wi^.
Fig. 1, pUte 15, the fignre ot a tartle. The bodj oCtiam
figure is red, and the patteni Uimb wn white ; miMmiiiin^ 7 msheB
long and 7 broad.
Yig. 2, plale 15, abo the figore of a tcvtoiBe, 9^ tnrlw kng,
and € wide. This fignie is jdlow, and h^ TfarfMnfl wUia b^H
nmning alantiD^ aEsuss it, and two mora jWWwd limn
nmniiig from the head to the tail
Fig. 3 is yellow, outlined with a white margin, pc^nt^
intended for the figure of a man ; it nwasnru aboat 6 iadHs loog.
The hands of this figure are hinusbed with six fingers; the pas-
tenor limbe are Tootv Uke the poetenor eatis of a eoal Ums hamut
l^a.
OF NBW SOUTH W1.L16. 157
Fig. 4, plate 15, the figare of a lizard. This figare is yellow
edged with white, and measures about 9 inches long.
Fig. 5, plate 15, also the figure of a reptile of Uie lizard type,
measuring 9^ inches long. The color is red and the spots are
white.
Fig. 6, plate 15, a diminutiye figure of a man, 3 inches long,
with extended arms and fingers ; this figure is yellow and white.
Fig. 7, plaite 15, the figure of a bird, like a heron ; measuring
16 inches long and 5f inch wide, on a piece of bark by itself, 20 by
12 inches. The outline of the bird is drawn with white pipe-clay,
and the feathers are represented by mixed yellow and white
lines.- The feet of the bird are represented with four toes each.
Figs. 8 and 9, plate 15, are frogs, on one sheet of bark.
18 inches long. Figure 8 measures 5 inches in length. The
groundwork of this figure is white, outlined with red.
^g« 9> plate 15, is 13| inches long ; the groundwork white,
the outlines and sculptured markings are red. The animal is
depicted with five toes on each limb; the eyes are very prominent,
and it is furnished with genital appendages.
Fig. 10, plate 15, is on a sheet of bark by itself, about 4 feet
long. I can only suppose this figure to represent the skin of a
man. The figure is 2 feet 9 inches long and 1 foot wide ; the
figure is white, and the outlines and pattern marks and cross
lines and spots are red ; there are six fingers on each hand, and
six toes on each foot ; the legs are folded back from the knee ;
tlie head is represented by a triangular shaped figure, possibly
to illustrate the skin taken from the back of the head. This
figure is also with genital appendages.
. Another figure of a lizard. — Not represented in the plate, on
a separate sheet of bark, has the body 14 inches long and 4 broad
at the middle, but one inch broader at the posterior than at
the anterior extrenui^y. The head is spindle-shaped, slightly
curved to the left, truncated at the aipex, and has an
ornamental serrated crest of white and yellow running
fipom above downwards for about the middle half. The
head is joined to the body by ^ comparatively short slender neck,
S inches long, and from either side of the base of the neck a
1S8 FSOM THE PB0CKSDIH08 OF THX UHHSAIT 80CIBTY
front limb or arm is attached, sloping backwards, bearing a large
broad five fingered band ; the arm proper is only one inch long,
and the wrist, band and fingers are foar inches long, and the arm
is separated from the band bj three transrerse yellow lines. The
posterior end of the body terminates in a tail 13 inches long, bent
towards the left, blnntly tapered to the extremity, and serrated on
either side with white and yellow for about two->thirds the
length. Where ibe tail joins the body, a posterior limb is
attached, sloping backwards, and measuring to the tips of the five
toes, eight inches; the foot is separated, as in the front limb
at the wrist, from the leg by three cross yellow lines. The figure
is painted throoghoat with white pipe<day, and is margined at all
parts with a yellow line also of coloured day. This figore is on
the inside of a sheet of bark 5 feet long.
Fig. 11, plate 15, is the representation of a tortoiae, 18| inches
long and 5^ inches wide, on a separate sheet ef bari^, 2 feet
6 inches long- The gronndwork of the figure is white ; the
oatHne red, and is profusely ornamented with ooloored spots
and cross bars.
Fig. 12, plate 16. The figure of a large reptile of the
lizard tribe by itself, on a sheet of bark 3 leet 6 inches long ; the
figure measures 3 feet 2 inches, and is three inches wide in the
middle ; the body, tail, aud legs are white, edged with red ; the
diamond-shaped pattern on the body is depicted with red lines ;
down the centre of the body a red line runs from the neck to the
base of the tail, which is dotted with yellow; the ground
colour of the head is red, and the fringe is yellow ; the transverse
lines at the junction of the head with the body, and the cross-pat-
tern, are red. The front limbs, which are represented as articu-
lated at the neck, are small, white, and edged with red ; they
have a proportionally very large hand and tive long fingers, there
are two transverse red lines ac the wrist. The posterior limbs are
larger than the anterior, painted in the same style, one has five
fingers, one four. There is a broad red band acros the base
of the body, and another where the arms are articulated
and one where the tail joins it. The tail is long, taper-
ing, white, lined with red, beat to the right, and has a frtnse of
OF HEW SOUTH WALB8. IW
j^ellow <m the convex surface. The narrow band of red across
the lower part of the body has along the lower edge of it a
row of yellow spots.
Figs. 18, U and 15, plate 16, are all on one sheet of
bark, 2 feet 3 inches long. Fig. 13 is probably that of the
OrmthcrhynehHs^ or else a large sleepy lizard. It is 14 inches long
and 3 wide. The figure is white, the margin of which is lined
with red.
Fig. 14 is a turtle, 12 inches long and 8 wide ; the ground
colour is white and the transverse markings and patch of spots
down the centre of the back are yellow and red.
Fig. 15 is the figure of a frog, about 10 inches long; the
colour is white and faintly lined with red on the body. There are
five fingers represented on each of the arms ; on one of the
legs there are a crowd of toes represented, wliile the other
only has four.
Fig. 16, plate 16. The figure of a long necked tortoise,
on a sheet of bark by itself ; the groundwork of the figure is
white, and the body is ornamented throughout with curved and
transverse red and yellow lines ; the neck is represented bent,
very long, and ornamented with longitudinal red and yellow
lines; the head is small, with eyes, represented by two red
spots ; the limbs are ornamented with a series of irregular trans-
verse and cross red and yellow lines. The length of the sheet
of bark on which this figure is drawn is 2 fact 6 inches long and
12 inches broad ; the figure itself is 1 foot 6 inches long and 6|
incheB wide.
Fig. 17, plate 16. The representation of a bird — I presume
that of a cassowary. It is on a sheet of bark, 14 inches
wide by two feet long ; the height of the figure is 1 foot 4 inches,
and the width from the head to the tail 12 inches. The figure
is white, margined by a thick red line ; the space between the
legs is yellow ; the eye and mouth are drawn as by one long
ntiier broad red line; another oval red patch represents the
craw, and a smaller one the anus ; there are also two rounded
spote of red at the knee joints, and a broad long patch from
be knee to the foot.
fig. 18, plate 16. The moet elabonto ol ftll tbe drawings
figured is that of a dugong, on a pieot of bark, 2j feet long;
the figare is white, ornamented with yellow lines, and bine
and yellow patches, and blue and yellow spote, which are
gent^rally in regalar rows ; thu body is broadly spindle-
shaped ; the head is wedge-ahaped the broad end of tho
wedge being upwards ; there are two flappen; attached to
the body jost below tha junction of the head with the body, and
a large Y shaped tail ; the eyes are represenled by two aemi-
limatc yellow patches, one on each side of the head; the dark
wedge-sbnpod patch shown in the figare covering the upper end
of the body, and stretching up over the neck in a poJut towards
the bead is dark blae, so also are the three linee on the front
part of the head ; the spots on the head are blue, while those on
tbe flappers are yellow ; the three zig-zag linea down the back
are yellow, and the spaces enclosed by them ; tbe spots
onteide the lines, on the sides of the body are bine ; the spots
round the edge of the body and tail are yellow, bat the larger
spots on the hinder part of the body and on the tail are bine. The
length of the figare is 16^ inches, and the body ia almost 5 tngbfis
at its widest part.
Mr. Bramer, C.U.Z.S., exhilnted rare speomifliis of sfaells
collected by Mr. F. L. Button, of Arkland, CUSbmia,
namely, Maehotrapahita, from Or^on, MgaliempkOti, Sdiiaolh»nu
Butt^i, Peeten monoHmerit, P. aqntnlcabu, firom iTorih Cali-
fornia, P. htulattu (rery rare) from Paget Soand, Washington
Territory, Sdtas Oarpenttri (very rare) from Coronadoe Island,
32* North latitude, fl. fai4a, Santa Bartaam Island, eonth oMst
of California.
The President, Mr. W. J. Stephens, M.A., said he was desiroaa
to give as much pablioity as possible to an attempt now being
made by the Bev. T. C. Atkio, of Campbelltown, to introdooe
the stndy of praolioal botany among the yoong people of hia
OF VBW SOUTH WALB8. 161
cHistriot. He has pnblished aad circnlated a small handbook of
<iirectioi3S for the formation of a HotIub Siccus^ which, it is hoped,
'will prove of considerable service ; and if the attempt should
prove as saccessfal as it is praiseworthy, it is probable that a
great increase of information as to the geographical distribution
and limits of the flora of New South Wales would result. It is
in anj case a step in the direction of the establishment of local
xnaseams of Natural History in the widest sense of the word, in
-which the Physiography, to use Huxley's term, of each district
might be so illustrated by specimens, maps, etc., that both
residents and visitors might obtain all existing information as to
its distinguishing characteristics.
MONDAY, SOth SEPTEMBER, 1878.
The President, W. J. Stephens, Esq., M.A., in the Chair.
DONATIONS.
Prom the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College,
Cambridge, Mass. : — Annual Report, 1876.
Prom Boston Society of Natural History : — Proceedings :
Vol. XIX : Parts 1 and 2.
From G. Masters, Esq. : — Catalogue of the described Coleoptera,
of Australia, by the Donor.
The Committee appointed to consider Baron Miklucho-Maclay's
suggestion for the establishment of a Zoological Station near
Sydney, presented the following Report, which was read and
adopted.
The Committee of the Linnean Society of New South Wales
appointed at the Monthly Meeting of the Society on August
2()th, 1878, to report upon Baron Maclay's proposal for the
Mtablishn^ent of a Zoological Station in Sydney, are of opinion-—
rSB pBocEBDJxaa of the linkejIN socisrv
n
1, — That Baron Maclay'f proposal ia an excellent one, and that
it is moat desirable that h shanld be acted npon with the
least possible delaj.
2. — That the site for the Station suggested by Baron Maclay ia,
from its vicinity to the sea, and the facilities afforded to the
student by ready access to Mr, Maclesy's Masenm and
Library, very well adapted for the purpose, and they recom-
mend that an efibrb be made to secure it for the Society.
3. — That the amoant required for the erection of workshops, &c,,
according to the plana submitted by Baron Maclay shonld
be obtained by voluntary contributions from the members of
the Society and others.
4. — That, as some time moat elapse before the site indicated, or
any other suitable one, can be aecnred, Mr. Macleay's offer,
here foUowiog, of a temporary Station in the immediate
vicinity of hia Maseam be accepted.
I think it so desirable that Baron Maclay's proposal ebonld be
carried ont qaickly, and that we should be able to announce at
once to the scientific world that a Zoological Station is actually
in existence in Sydney, that I offer to guarantee, until final
arrangements ai-e concluded, to find ample room either in or near
my Mnseam for any visitors to tliis country who wish to under-
take the study and investigation of any branch of Natural
Science. And I further guarantee that such students shall have
free access to, and the use of, my Museum, Library and
Microscopes. This engagement on my part is limited, of conrse,
to the bona fide student, and does not apply to the mere collector,
whether amateor or professional.
(Signed) Willuh Maolbat.
26tli September, 1878.
5. — That the sketch plan laid before the Committee by Baroo
Maclay sufficiently meets the requirements of the Station,
oad sboald be at least provisionally adopted by the Society.
07 nW SOUTH WALXt. 103
6. — The Gomxnitfcee farther recommend that the annexed table of
Rules, proposed by Baron Maclay, should be adopted for the
general conduct of the Station.
7. — That this Report be presented to the Society at the next
Montiily Meeting.
Rules or fHS Stdnet Zoolooioal Station.
1 . — The Sydney Zoological Station is instituted in order to
advance Biological Science, by affording Naturalists special
opportunities for the investigation of the Zoology and
Botany of Australia.
^. — It shall be open, at the discretion of the Directors, to all
Naturalists of the male sex, without distinction of nationality,
it being understood that gentlemen engaged in original
research have a prior claim to those who are only in training.
3.— -That foreign Naturalists visiting Sydney for the purpose of
scientific enquiry shall in like manner have the preference
over residents.
-4. — ^The use of the Station shall be given free of any charge for
rent, but a fee of Five Shillings per week shall be paid by
each tenant in order to meet the expense of service. And
all damage done to books or appliances shall be made good
by the person during whose tenure the mischief was done.
^. — ^No tenant shall disturb any other by singing, whistling, or
any other unnecessary noise.
€. — ^A book shall be kept in the Station in which persons using
the Station may record such notes or suggestions as they
may think fit
r Tira avmun socitrrr
PAFBBS READ.
On a New Ganoid Fiah from QaeenBUnd.
By Count F. de Castelnau.
Plate 19 A.
I have received from Mr. Staiger of the Brisbane Museam a
drawing of ti very remarkable fish, with tbe following note ; — " It
is only found in a single water hole in tbe Burnett River, living
togetber with Geralodits ; and when in August, 1872, I was ia
Gayndah, Igot it on the break fast table, brought in by blacks from
a distance of about eight t-o ten miles. I had the Bah for breakfast,
remarked its curious shape, and asked the then Road Inspector
to draw it for me, which he did. Csrotodus, not well known then,
formed the dinner. I was not connected with any scientific body,
otherwise I would have, at any rate, preserved the bead. The
person who drew it in not an ichthyologist but still is a dmnghbi-
On examining the rough and incomplete sketch, I saw
immediately that the fish was a ganoid nearly allied to Alrac-
lostetii bat forming, by its dorsal, caudal and anal fins, all united,
tbe type of a now genuB, and probably of a new family.
It is remarkable that all the species of ganoid fishes known,
having a long, more or less, crocodile back, are until now, only
from America. It is evident ibat from such a drawing no correct
description can he given ; all I can say is that it shows the exist*
ence in Australia of a ganoid fish with a very elongate and very
depressed spatuli-form snout ; this is much narrower at its base
tbaa towards tbe two-thirds of its length ; it is rounded and
bordered at ita extremity, having very much the form of the beak
of the Plalrjpus, the two jaws are of about equal length ; the eye
very small and placed near tbe upper part of the bead ; the body
ia covered with large ganoid scales ; the pectorals appear small,
and are placed immediately behind and below the head ; the
vertical fins are very long and nnited, bat not withstand ing,
the caudal seems rather distinct; nothing is said of the dentition.
Mr. Staiger says also that the fish-ia of a dirty mahogany color ;
and he adds that " the first of the four rayi ft very tirong ■" bat
Oy KBW SOUTH WALKS. 166
I cannofc find oufc to what this applies. The specimen was abont
eighteen inches long. As I have already said, the fish that
comes the nearest to it is the Atractosieus spatula of Lacepede ;
mach better figared by Aag. Damins in his Histoire Naiurelle
des PoiseonSf vol. II., p. 361, pi. 24, fig. 7.
In oar present knowledge of this singular fish, some incon-
venience might arise from giving it a significant name ; and I
think it is preferable to design it under the mysterious historical
one of Ompax. The species will bear the name of spatulcades.
It is much to be desired that some specimens will soon be
found and secured for one of the Australian Museums.
OmpaXf by its extraordinary suout, comes also near Polyodoriy
of which one species is found in the Mississipi, and another in the
great Chinese river, the Yantsekiaug ; but these have their body
naked, and cannot properly be placed with the ganoids.
It is singular, but almost certain, that the teeth of Polyodon
fall before the fish acquires its full size.
u
On a species of Amphisile from the Palau Islands.
By William Macleat, F.L.S., &c.
Plate 19 B.
The very remarkable fish described in this paper, and figured
on plate 19 B, was taken by Baron Maclay at a place named
Komis" near the village of '^Maleggiok" on the Island of
Babelstaub" one of the Palau Archipelago.
It is found abundantly on the sandy beaches of that island at
low tide, but does not seem to be used by the natives for any
purpose but that of ornament in their houses.
The specimen from which the description and drawing are
taken, is dry, but I believe it is not changed to any great degree
from what it was in a fresh condition.
The fish belongs to the curious family of Gentriscidity and in
the form and structure of the head resembles muoh the Fis-
iularidm or Pipe ITiahes.
The genuB Amphisile, to which this Bpecies bslongs, is especi-
ally remarkable for a strong Ixiny oairasB covering the entire
back and eitending beyond the tail ; turning the hinder part of
the trunk and tho tail downwards in an almost vertical direction,
thus making the dorsal fins appear to be on the lower anriaoe of
the tail.
At BaroD Maclay'a request I give the species from the locality
of its capture, the name of
AuPHiEiLG Eoms.
General form elongate, very oomjiressed, tapering in front to the
Bitiemifcy of the snout, and behind to the 1st dorsal spine,
swelling out in the middle both above and below in a very gentle
carve and slightly curving upwards at each extremity. The
width is greatest along the middle of the sides where there is a
ridge, represented in tho vertical section— fig, a. b. The anont
from the eye is twice as long as the height of the body at its
deepest part, and one-fourth of the total length from the month
to the extremity of the lat dorsal spine, it is compressed, tapers
to a very miunte mouth, and excepting towards the eye where it
is 'of the sarae bony ponctato-etriate substanoe an the crown of
the head, its integuments are transparent. The nostrils are
immediately in front of the eyes, the anterior one rather large.
The orbits are rather large and about their diameter apart with
a distinct ridge round them, and a short ridge in front, extending
from near the nostril downwards. The upper part of the head is
hard and pnnctato-striate, and may be looked upon as a mere
continuation of the body cuirass — this bony part commenoea in
a very narrow strip near the month, and extends along (he
sanunit of the snout, gradually widening nutil it joins Uie first
dorsal plate. On the vertex between the eyes there is a vmy
slight longitudinal depression. Below the eye a blunt spine
OF process extends downwards into the transparent ventral
membrane.
The opercolnm is scarcely longer than high, convex, punctate,
rounded behind, and angular beneath, the distance of its posterior
margin from the root of the pectoral fin being juuch greater than
itfl distance from the anterior mai^n of the orbit.
Ot irSW SOtTTH WALKS. 167
The hnmsmm is large and of somewhat triangular shape, the
jiOBterior ang^ extending to the npper part of the origin of the
pectoral fin, while hene&th on the anterior portion there is a
m broad notch to reoeire the npper part of the coraooid bone.
This bone is nearly square, with an obliqne groove in the middle.
The dorsal coirass extends on the back finom the head, to
which dr tt ftnntf fixed, the sntnre being rigid and dovetailed, in
one apparent piece (*) to aboat one-fifUi the entire length of the
fish beyond the tafl ; it becomes gradually smaller towards the
extremity, and has artioalated to its apex, ronning in the same
direction a spine of about half an inch in length, to which I give
the name of the first dorsal spine.
The whole of Uiis part of the cuirass is longitudinally striate,
and for the most part punctate. The lateral portion of the
cuirass seems to consist of four plates, closely adherent to the
dorsal part just mentioned, (the suture being scarcely visible) and
extesiding downwards along the middle of the body as &r as the
middle of the sides. The first plate is narrow from its contact
with the head and operculum, until past the humerus and
pectoral fin, where it expands downwards to the middle of the
body ; the second plate is shorter than the first, rather longer
than de^ and quite rectangular ; the third is about the same
length as the second, but becomes less deep towards the fourth ;
this last runs out entirely into the dorsal portion above the tail.
The lateral sutures of these plates are deeply serrated, the serra-
tions dovetailing in the most perfect way. These lateral plates,
or at least three of them, have a ^em-shaped series of fine striae,
expanding downwards from a nucleus near the dorsal suture.
The body below these lateral plates is covered with a perfectiy
transparent membrane, through which ten pairs of ribs are
visible, and terminates beneath in a very trenchant edge which
extends from the snout to the vent.
The pectoral fins are of moderate size, situated much nearer
to iihe ventral fin than to the eyes, and consist of eleven rays of
i^early uniform length. The ventral fin, for there is only one, is
« Dr. ChmllMr, in his deseripikm of A. tcutata, speakf of this part as consisting of
ftra bones.
r TSS tlSKXAS SDCIBTY
abdominal, taking its rise in k deep notch of the sharp ventral
edge, about opposite the middle of t!ie second plate of the
cuirass, much nearer to the anal fin than to the eje, and consists
of four mys, the two longest qnito four lines in leogth. Tbe
other fins are close tog'elher, and much of a size, the anal cou-
Bistiiig of (en rays, about tbe length of those of tbe ventral;
the caudal in the same plane on a tail pointing doimvrards, and
only a little free from the body, of ten rays. The soft dorsal
close behind and in the same plane, of ten rays, gradually
lengthening backwards, or towards the first rays, according to
the method of reckoning in fishes of normal form.
The spinous dorsal conBista, in addition to the articulated con-
tinuation of the dorsal cnirnsa already mentioned, of a short
strong spine pointing downwards and backwards from the nnder
side of the extremity of tbe dorsal cuirass, and connected by a
very small morabrsne with the first spine, and of two others,
considerably lai'ger and near the soft dorsal, of a slightly curbed
and flattened shape and unequal size : the one nearest the soft
dorsal being the sraallest, connected together by a membrane to
the apeK, and also connected by a long but low membrane with
the second spino.
The color seems to have been yellowish or yellowish brown for
the most part, on the hard part^, all the rest seems to hare been
transparent; the dark mark along the middle of the body is
probably due to the oourse of the alimentary canal showing
through the integaments.
The length of the fish is five inohes, the figure given in plate
19B being the exact dimensions, and I believe it is the fall adult
size. The specimen I suppose to be a male, as in another species,
Kner seems to have foond the prolongation of two rays in the
ventral fin, an indication of the sex.
Three species of Ampkidle are recorded in Dr. Qnnther's
admirable Catalogue of Fishes. A. sculata, punctulata, and Btri-
gala ; of these, the last, a species described and named by that
distinguished Ichthyologist himself is the only one which can be
snspected of being identical with the present species. Bot the
diSerences are many and important. The following are some of
or imw aotrni walm. 109
ihe main points of difference. The interorbital space has a slight
longitudinal groove, the opercalam is not longer than deep, and
has an apgnlar protuberance beneath, the distance from the
posterior margin of the opercalum to the root of the pectoral is
much greater than to the anterior margin of the orbit, there is no
black longitudinal band, and the lateral plates of the cuirass
differ both in size and number. According to my estimate also
there is a considerable difference in the formula of the 6ns, that
of -4. shigaia Gunth. being D. 3/io, A. 12, C. 10, P. 12, V. 4,
while that of the present species is D. ^/lO, A. 10, 0. 10, P. 11,
V.4.
On Macrodontism.
Bt N. db Miklucho-Maclat, Hon. Memb. Linn. Soc. N. S. W.
Plate 18.
The copy in " Nature " (Vol. XVI., No. 404) of the sketch of
an Islander of Taui*, which I had sent in 1876 to Professor B.
Virchow in Berlin, is such a perfect caricature that I am induced,
in consideration of the great anthropological interest of the sub-
ject, to lay before the Society a correct lithograph of my original
Bketch, with some remarks on this peculiarity, which I shall call
Macrodontism {juucpo&ovTUTfio^).
I commence with an extract from my first letter on this subject
to Professor Virchow, which has been kindly translated into
Cnglish by Mr. G. L. Sahl, Imperial German Consul in Sydney.
" 16 June, 1876.
" Archipelago Ninigo (or Echiquier),
" 1** 23' south lat., 144 east long.
" Going south after my visit to Western Mikronesia, I came to
the Admiralty Islands, which are as yet little known. I con-
tinued there my anthropological studies, and devoted my atten-
tion to an important anatomical peculiarity of the natives (who
belong to the Melanesian Race) and obtained some unexpected
* %Qi or Admiralty Islands.
\-
resBlts. I observed a oonaiderable irregularity of the t
which are mostly very protruding, and I soon found ont that it
was owing to the eDOrmoua size of those of the front row. The
sketch herewith shows certain parts of the moath in its natural
size. Generally it was the incisors of the upper jaw which were
enlarged, bnt sometimea those of the lower jaw showed the Bame
peculiarity ; in eome individuals the canine teeth seemed also
enlarged. The teeth were thick in proportion, and as seen from
above (or from below) they formed a sort of grinding aurfaco,
which sometimes even was taberoalate.
" These people had a great aversion to my measuring their
teeth or making a drawing of them, soine of them I persuaded
through presents, othera throngh surprise, where their astonish-
ment and perhaps fear left them without defence in my hands ;
but only for a short time; they missed no opportunity to escape,
and showed auch an impatience that the measuring and drawing
were made very difficult. Wherever I could I lost no opportiinily
to meeianre as esactly as possible, but I regret that my esamina-
tion could not be a complete one. I hare added the measure-
ments to my eketchea, bnt must observe that I had not the
opportanity of sketching the most characteristic individuals ; I
had to content myself with the good iiatnred and timid ones;
some very magnificent representatives of these large-teethed
people (of whom I observed several dozen on the Admiidty
Islands, and on the Island of Agomee or Hermit Island) refhaed
veiy decidedly to have their teeth sketched or even measured.
" To some of these people, whose large teeth were quite loose
and could easily have been extracted with little pEun, I offered one
and even two axes for one big tooth ; bnt even the desire to
obtain the axes was not strong enough against the firm BQpeT>
stition that in that case the person wonld die.
" Later on I succeeded at the Island of Agomea in obtraiiog a
piece of a big tooth from a man, who, having no big teeth of bis
own, very likely was selling that of a relation.
" These large-teethed people do not form a distinct tribe, they
are to be found distributed amongst the population. Some are, .
indeed, magnificent specimens ; I have measured some inoisoF
or HIW SOUTH n'AlBS. 171
fi^Mi with a crown of 22 m.m. length, others also of indsoni
X9 m.m. breadth, the thickness of some of these was not less than
X 1 m.m.
'' On account of the continnons chewing of betel and penang,t
Uie enamel of the teeth is covered with a black crast. In some
uistances when the mouth was closed the teeth protruded between
'OiB lips.
" I have not only met men with such teeth, but women as well,
but more seldom. The teeth of some of the boys promised in
i;ime not to be behind in size those of their older countrymen.
'' So far, I have found these large-teethed Melanesians only on
Uie Admiralty Islands (on the south and north-west) and on the
Xeland of Agomes.
** When I saw these people with protruding teeth around me
X was reminded of the Orang Oargassi of the Malayan Peninsula, %
cuid thought involantarily of the hypotheses, theories, etc., etc.,
^which would have been the result if a piece of skull with these
enormous teeth had been found in any recent geological for-
xioation."
Since this letter I have sent two fuller reports to Europe
ci.hout " Macrodontism," one to the Imperial Russian Q-eographical
Society in St. Petersburg ; and a second, with a number of
CLketches of different sets of teeth of Islanders of Taui and
-Agomes, to the President of the Anthropological Society of
Berlin. Those who interest themselves especially in these ana-
tomical specialities I refer to these reports. I will only add
laete, that my attention being roused by the observation of the
large teeth of the Admiralty Islanders, I lost no opportunity to
oleerve the teeth of all the different races of people that I subse-
quently during my travels came in contact with. I then con-
^noced myself that '' Macrodontism '* occurs to a certain extent
^^^nOi other races, though I observed nowhere such remarkably
^ teethed people, and such numerous instances of this peculi-
^ty, as on the Islands of Taui and Agomes.
^^t It i« not improbable that other vog^etable material, which we do not as yet know, !•
**<^ QNd for chennng by the inhabitants of Taui.
t In aaojr places of the Malay Peninsula I have heard of the existence of curly-haired
f*^Pj« with two protruding teeth, and these Orang Gargassi, as they were called, are sup-
P^'wl to live in uie mountainB^ between Kedah and Sint^oro.
m THE FRocBBcnctH OF ras usmw iociett
Daring my second stay (1876-77) on the Maclay-Goa»i of St
Guinea 1 found Reveval individuals who had some teeth of abno
mal size, and which, like those oa Taui and Agomes, pre^enU
no pathological condition. I met three or four of such peop
amongst the inhabitants of the archipelago of the " Conta:
men," also in some of the mountain viUagea of the Maclay-Coni
\n Zamhoavjd OQ the S.W. point of tho Island Mmdnnao (
Jany., 1S7S), I mot a native (whose ancestors, as be informt
me, were Bagis) whose teeth of conBiderable size were to
remarkable.
In 1878 I saw in Singapore a, Chinese Coolie in tie stref
whose large teeth were well ehown by his hearty laugh, ai
which attracted my attention. Owing to my illness I was pr
vented from sketching or measuring this specimen.
Amongst my older notes I found a memo, that in 1873, on ll
Island rirfore, 1 saw a Malay with remarkably large teeth; i
the same year (1373) I also saw a Chinese in Oanton with vei
large teeth.
In conclusion, I will remark that the opinion which
have formed (and which I hare commnnicat«d in my secon
report to the Imperial Geographical Society of Russia in 187f
is that Maerodoutism (or hypertrophy of the dentinura) shoal
rank in the same category as the elongation of the nymphf
and the accumulation of fat about tho buttock's and saornra i
the Hottentot woman, and in a similar manner as this pecuHaril
of constitntion, Macroduntism is not to be met amongst a
individuals.
That this Hypertrophy of the Dentinum stands in close roll
tion with the food is without doabt ; bat daring my compan
lively ebort stay in the islands I could not discover the particoU
diet which causes this anomaly, or might have cansed it, as it i
certain that the peculiarity is hereditary.
EiPLANiTioN or Plate 18.
(1) Sketch of the laughing Soyair ^ about 25 years old, ■:
inhabitant of the village of Pubi, on the 8oath<e>«t o«ast of tb
Qw nw wotrB walm. 173
large island of the Taai Gbonp. In his fine corly hair (ekevdure
a grain de poivre) is worn a roaghlj cat wooden comb. In a
small artisticallj netted satchel aroand Lis neck is seen the
Ovum Ovulum^ freqaentlj the only dress of the men (tanquam
glandis seulellum).
(2) Half-opened month of the same, in profile and nataral
size (measured very carefully). The cartilage of the nose is
pierced.
(3) Month of the same, enface^ | nataral size.
(4) Middle incisor teeth of the same man, carefally measnred.
(5) One of the large incisors of another man from the same
.Tillage.
On the OosHAWK from Port Moresby, Attur eruentus of Salvadori
and Sharpe (nee Gould).
By E. P. Ramsat, F.L.S., Ac.
ASTUB SHABPEI, sp, nOV.
Astur cmentus, Salvad, (nee Goald) Ann. Mus. civic. Genav.
yU.p. 806; Urospizias craentas, id. op. ciL IX. p. 11., Astur
eruentus, Sharpe (nee Gould), Joum. Linn. Soc Zool. XllL p,
488., (Descrip).
In the Journal of Linnean Society, — Zool. XIIT. p. 488 — Mr.
B. R Sharpe refers to the Port ^loresby Goshawk, as Astur
eruentus, of Mr. Gouli, thereby making ifc identical with the
Western Australian species. Mr. Sharpe gives a very good des-
cription of the bird, but does not appear to notice the difference
m the tarsi and the extent of the hare portion^ which in the West
Australian bird is quite as long as in A. npproximans, but in the
Port Moresby bird, ve-rt/ much shorter — with respect to the rufous
collar, I have N. S. W. specimens of A. approximans which have
ft quite as well defined rufoas band round the neck, as in any of
^he West Australian or Port Moresby birds — bat these latter are
Sorter and heavier-built birds, and have comparatively shorter
i&rsi, and the bare portion shorter, equal to aboat one-third of its
wti|l length, the toes are shorter and the feet smaller and weaker.
Im the taSj kdnlc tnrdm, ibe centra two taQ feathers loose ftll ban,
or bare tiwm oolj sliglitlj' perceptible ia certain tights.
The back u of a clearer d«r% grey color, and the whole of tha
mitT Bnrface, which is narpowlj barred, is of a rich tawny
rafooa ; the Ceathen on the abdomen and under-tail coverta ue
vby-white barred with rafoos.
An examination of Mr. Gonld'a plate of A. eruentug (Bds.
Anit. foL, Tol, L, pt. IS), will at onoe show that it is certainly not
tlie same as the Port Uoresbf Goshawk j in fact, I am verjmncb
afraid it ie nothing more than AstfiT approrimaiM m InU plamage.
I hare examined a large seriea from Western Australia, botb
youny and adalU of both sexes And have birds exactly agreeing
with Mr. Goold's figure of A. ernentus. The only perceptible
difference in any of them is, that in some of the immature birds
the tail is of a slightly more square form than in those fromN.S.W.
Mr. Gonid states that A. craentm is very common in West.
Anstralia— it ia the common Goshawk of those parts ; and il
wonld be curious indeed if so common a bird should aoth&ve
been obtained since Mr. Gould acquired his types. I should ba»e
thought ere this that some of our Omithologista in England or
America would bare examined the type specimen if it is still to
•xistfluce, and so set the matter at rest.
For the Port Moresby bird then, which ia certainly not tls
AtluT fmienhis of Mr. Gould. I propose the name of Aiivi'
iharpei, in honor of my esteemed corrospondent, R. B. Sbarpe,
Esq.. F.LS., FZ.B., &c.
For the boneSt of Australian ornithologists who may not ba'9
the Works above cited, I give here a short diagnosis of tti>
Hpooios.
Advlt. — Side of the head and alt the upper surface except the
oollar, rich dark bluish ashy-grey, feathers of the nape white s!
th« base, ashy-grey towards the end, and becoming rich tawny-T*^
on the hind neck which color forms a broad collar joining the
aides of the cbtist : throat ashy, with minute wavy transverse lines of
whitish ; chest and breast and alt the onder surface rich tawnj
rufiint barred with transverse wavy lines of aahy-grey ; the l»s^
wt' iho fiMthei-^ on the abdomen and under tail ooverta wtiitisli, ttie
0£ NBW SOUTH WALB8. 176
remaining part barred alternately with ash and mfons cross-bars ;
thighs, light tawny rufous with narrow bars of ashy; tarsi clothed
to one-third of their length; tail, light-ashy below, bluish-ashy
grey above, with indistinct bars, obsolete in centre two feathers ;
the margins of the inner webs towards the base washed with
tawny ; bill, black ; cere, legs, and feet, greenish-yellow — (dry
skin) ; iris, yellow. Total length 16-6 in. ; wing, 10 in. ; tail,
8*5 in.; tarsus, 2*6 in. Sex, female. The male is precisely
similar in plumage, slightly smaller in measurements. I find in all
our specimens that on the centre and outer-tail feathers, the bars
have faded out, but on the third and fourth on either side, the
bars are tolerably distinct.
Descriptions of Australian Micro-Lepipoptera.
By E. Meyeick, Esq., B.A.
I CRAMBITES.
It is somewhat surprising that no progress should yet have
been made towards the knowledge of Mi^crO'Lepidoptera in a
country which so abounds with the groups included under that
term as Australia does. In general, the small size and delicate
nature of the specimens preclude them from being commonly
sent home to England by travelling collectors ; but they offer a
wide field for the study of resident entomologists. According to
the very imperfect data at present possessed, I estimate the total
number of species occurring on the Australian continent to be
folly 10,000, as they much exceed the larger Lepidoptera here in
nxrmber and variety. It is to be hoped, therefore, that, when
once a start has been made, entomologists will begin to take some
interest in the subject ; and it may not be out of place to state
that I shall always be ready to determine to the best of my
i^ity any species that may be entrusted to my care, and that
It would be of great interest to receive collections even of the
commoner kinds from various parts of the country.
A certain number of descriptions of Australian Micros were
Uududed by Walker in his British Museum Catalogues ; these
^mes I have of course adopted when recognisable, but the
TSz FSOcnsixH OF TSB LiKitBAir •ooiEtx
deBcnptions are commonlj very incoinplete, the deferroination o(
genera utterly unreliable and freqaently erroneoQB, and the
original specimens often so scanty and mntilated as to be quite
unfit for description; whilst others, even the roost conspicnons
species, are described under several different nacnea. Besides
these, there are only a very few scattered descriptions by Zeller,
Newman, &c.
Of the species hereafter described, some of the Cramhidas have
been named both by Zeller and Walker, since Zeller regarded
Walker's descriptions as generally anidentifiable ; the Oromii are,
however, generally recognisable, and bis names should, therefore,
be adopted. Walker has qIso described certain Australian
insects as belonging to various genera in the Phycidie ; but I can i
certify from inspection of the types that hardly any, or perhaps
none, are true Phj/cUiat, bnt Pj/rahs, Delloides, and even small
Noclvae.
With reference to the localities and dates here appended to
the species, it shonld be observed that, althongh correct so far as
they go, they must not be considered as necessarily at all com-
pletely expressing the facts, on account of the very limited data I
accessible at present. |
CHlLONlb^,
&cho::no6iub Dup.
Ocelli distinct. Tongue shorts Antennn aetaceona, in ^
longer, ciliated, in ? very short. Labial palpi very long, straight^
attennatcd. Maxillary pa'pi triangular, appressed to labial palpi.
Wings elongate, apex of hind wings reaching beyond anal angle
of fore wirgs ; in ? fore wings narrower and more &cut« than in
<J . Anal tuft of ? dense, woolly.
Sekoen. imparellug n. «p.
S ^V — ISj'- Headbrowiiish-ocbreous Labial palpi more than
twice ns long as head, from brownish-ochreoua to dark-furcons.
Antennee brownish -0011 reous or dai k-fnscous, strongly ciliated.
Thorax bro\vnish<ochi'eous to blackish- brown. Abdomen pale
greyish-ochreous, sometimes suffused with foacoas, whitish at
base. Anterior legs dork fusooos ; middle and posterior legs
OP NEW SOUTH WJLLBS. IW
whitish or whitish-ochreons. Fore wings tolerably broad, mode-
rately dilated, hind margin strongly rounded beneath ; varying
from brownish-ochreons to dark fnscons, darkest along costa ;
markings very variable or obsolete ; generally a small dark
fasoons or blackish discal spot at two-thirds ; sometimes another
obliquely above it near costa, and a third obliquely below it on
fold ; in the most distinctly-marked specimens there are two
transverse cloudy blackish-fuscous lines, the first from two-fifths of
costa to two-fifths of inner margin, strongly angulated outwards
above middle ; the second rising from costa before apex, curving
round and running to the median discal spot, thence continued
to the inner margin parallel to the first ; these lines are gene-
rally obsolete or absent ; a row of blacMsh spots on hind
margin ; cilia greyish-ochreous. Hind wings pure white, towards
apex more or less suffused with smoky fuscous ; cilia white,
smoky towards apex of wing.
? 14"— 17". Head, palpi, antennae, thorax, abdomen, and legs
white ; palpi little longer than head ; anal tuft whitish-ochreous ;
posterior tarsi externally fuscous-grey. Fore wings elongate,
tolerably broad, hind margin nearly straight, obliquely
rounded beneath ; satiny-white, sometimes more or less strongly
suffosed throughout with whitish-ochreous ; cilia white. Hind
wings and cilia pure satiny- white.
JEixtremely variable; the ^ somewhat resembling gigantellus
fj , but darker, the ? very distinct.
Very common at Parramatta in February and March on the
Hver, the $ resting motionless on rushes, the S more active ;
both come freely to light. The larva feeds in the cylindrical
Qtem-like leaves of Jimcus prismatoca/rpys, growing in the water.
Ohilo Zk,
Ocelli present Tongue short. Antennae setacous, pubescent,
in ? hardly shorter than in (J . Labial palpi very long, straight,
porrected, attenuated. Maxillary palpi triangular, appressed.
Wings elongate, apex of hind wings reaching beyond anal angle
of fore wings. Hind wings with a basal pecten. Abdomen in (J
somewhat tufted, in ? corapressed-conical, with apical scales
obliquely truncate.
178 TBS PBOOBBDINM Or THK LIVVBIH ■OOISTT
Ckil. parra/maltellus w. gp.
^ 9" — 14". Head white. Palpi wbitiah-ochreous, mixed with
greyish -fuHCo us. Anteniue ochreoua- whitish. Thorax ochreons-
whitinli, soinetdmes thinly Bprinkled with tascoDB. Abdomen
white, sometime a tiD^d ivith oohreons-^rey, anal tuft pale
ochreoQ9-grey. Legs whitish, posterior tarsi aomefcimes witli
dark grey rings. Fore winga moderately broad, costa nearly
straight, ape:( tolerably acute, hind margin nearly etraigbt,
slightly obliqtte ; whitiBh-ochreoua, more or less densely irrordted
with ftiscotts-grey in variable intenaity : extreme costal edgo
whiliali, only distinct in dark specimeas ; a dark foscone diacol
dot slightly beyond middle of wing, very much nearer to costs
lian to inner margin ; sometimes on the whitish costal margin
are indications of the commencement of transverae lines at one-
third and two-thirds, but theyare imperceptible on the disc; cilin
whitish -ochrooua to ochreous-grey. Hind winga white, with a
dark grey marginal line, aometiines suffused with greyish pOE-
tertorly ; cilia whitish-grey, white at base.
5 10" — 12". Head whitish. Palpi whitiah-ocbreous, mixed
with greyish and dark fuscous soales, Antennee whitish. Thorax
whitish-ochreoiis, sometimes ochreous-brown on sides. Abdomen
white, sometimes partially tinged with ochreoua ; ovipositor
short, triangular. Anterior legs whitish ; middle and posterior
legs pale greyish-ochreous. Fore wings much narrower than in ^ ,
apex more sharply acute, hind mai^u strajghter and more
oblique ; whitish -ocbreous, the veins neatly outlined on each side
with darker-ochreons ; a small black diacal dot beyond middle of
wiug, nearer to costa than to inner margin ; a hind-marginal row
of clear black dots ; cilia whitish, with two grey partang-linea.
Hind wings clear white ; cilia white.
A.pparently allied to the South American species 0. n«uriceUiM
Z. and oblileratelhis Z.
Common at Parramatta along the river in February and March,
especially at light.
Ot NEW SOUTH «^'Al.B6. 1^9
CRAMBID^.
Pbionophoba n.g.
Forehead with overhanging projection of scales. Ocelli dis-
tinety behind antennae. Tongae moderate. Antennss moderate,
in (^ ciliated. Labial palpi moderately long, rather shorter than
thorax, porrected, attenoated. Maxillary palpi absent. Fore-
wings oblong, apex projecting, acute, hindmargin strongly con-
cave beneath apex, dentate thronghoat. Hindwings with basal
pecten, apex not reaching anal angle of forewings, hindmargin
snbdentate, with a deeper indentation a little below apex ;
clothed with long hair-scales towards base. Legs short. Abdo-
men moderate. Forewings with 12 veins; 8 and 9 stalked,
rising out of 7. Hindwings with 8 veins ; cell open posteriorly.
Readily distinguished amongst allied genera by the absence of
maxillary palpi, the peculiarly produced apex of forewings, and
the hair-scales towards base of hindwings.
Prion, ruptella Wkr, Oat. 173 (Grcmbzts),
IV — 14". Head light ochreous, posteriorly whitish, with a
few blackish scales, sometimes forming a central blackish line.
Palpi whitish-ochreous, sprinkled with blackish scales, beneath
white at base. Antennae pale ochreous. Thorax pale ochreous,
sprinkled with blackish scales, and with five longitudinal rather
irregular black lines, with a short crest in front and another
behind. Abdomen and legs pale ochreous. Forewings moderately
broad, slightly dilated ; pale ochreous faintly tinged with pale
pinkish-brown ; a slender blackish subcostal streak suffused with
pinkish-brown, from base of costa to beyond middle, leaving a
pale costal streak ; a straight rather broader fuscous streak,
mixed with blackish, from base to costa immediately before apex,
strongly but irregularly margined beneath with black ; from pos-
terior half of its upper edge this sends three slender dark fuscous
lines to costa, separated by whitish spaces ; from J and f of its
lower margin it sends two slender dark fuscous streaks to hind-
margin ; except at junction of these, it is margined beneath with
an irregular, rather indistinct, silvery-white streak ; the median
vein and its branches marked out with strong dark fuscous lines ;
firom the faanh hnaeh near ia baae rise* ftn imgnlftr black
■traak ruDDh^ > litile below the nMia iBedim tbib, meeting its
extremity oti hiodmargin, margined benaath hy a brawl sJlre^-
trbite streak, bi[«mipt«il where it croMnt Uw aecoikd and third
branches ; the basal part &f tba median rein and half the fifth
brauch is margined betieath bj a narrower ajlrerj-wbite streak
eoding in aome b)aek ficalee ; between the 9eao4id and fonrtb
branches are several trregolar spots at Uai^ scales ; a blackish
line from near ba.-^e to anal angle ; a Uat^kiah spot almost on
ina«r margin near base, seadiog a cloadj Uackisb streak towards
hiDdmargio ; a blackixh line along posterior half of inner margin ;
a row of irregnlar blackisb spots before hindiDargin between tbe
veins ; cilia whitish, partiallj^ tinged with pale pinWish-brown :
with a dark fascons spot at apex, and intersected at tbe janotion
of each vein by a blackish line. Hiadwings fosooas-grej, darker
towards apes and bindiitargin ; cilia white.
This singTjlar insect (erroneooslj- referred by Walker to Oram-
leiid) ia rather commoa near Sjdnej and at Campbelltown, and
oocore also in the neighbourhood of Brisbane, in April, Sep-
tember, and December ; always beaton &om Ca&nariDSi, on whiob.
the larva doubtless feeds. ^^^
Ckaksus F.
Ocelli distinct. Tongne longer than tbcv^ AntaniMB seta-
ceotu, in g generally slightly ciliated or atnnetimea pectinated, in
^Biinple. Labial palpi long, att«naated, oompreaeed. Maxil-
lary palpi triangular, inoambent. Forewinga oblong, acnte; ^
bindwingB with basal pecten, not reaching beyond anal angle of^
forewingfl. ^
The species of this cosmopolitan grass-feeding gams Jtn^
tolerably nnmetons in Anstralia ; those here dearaibad, all that 1 ^
have yet seen, may be thus tabulated :
A. Apei uf forewingB Btrougly produced 1. milvMia.
B. „ „ not strongl; prodaoed
a. Forowings with two diecal longitadinal sUver;-
white Btreake.
I. Uppor ttresk st ariing from middla of wing
OF NBW SOUTH WAL£8. 181
n. Upper streak starting from very near base.
1. Lower streak quite straight 6. trmtUUtu,
2. „ „ deflected npwards at
apical extremity 7. bwUldlm.
b. With one discal longitudinal silvery-white
streak.
L Streak simple.
1. With a broad silveiy-white streak
along inner margin ... 2. eotumnelitu.
2. Withoat inner-marginal streak.
• Discal streak prodnoed through dlia 4. torrenUUm.
** „ ending on hindmargin 3. lativittalis,
n. Furcate.
1. Streak shortly bifurcate, not reaching
beyond | 9. hopUMut.
2. „ 3 or 4 branched, nearly reach-
ing hindmargin 12. reiatalit.
e. With many irregular broad silvery-white mark-
ings 8. plenifeniiut,
d. With more or less distinct white streaks
on all the veins.
I. Subcostal streak starting from i 13. optdetUeilus,
n. „ „ almost from base.
1. Head white, with an ochreons stripe on
crown, hindwings whitish-
grey ... ... ... ... 15. efmeaprammat.
2. Head pale ochreons ; hindwings white 14. itwaUdeilus.
e. YfiAi an indistinct whitish streak or none.
L Head white 10. etmeifertUus,
n. „ ochreous-grey 11. tUmididhu,
Or, miloMus n. 9p.
5^'. Head white, with a broad ochreoos-brown longitadinal
siripe on crown. Labial palpi twice as long as head, dark fns-
oom, beneath white at base ; maxillary palpi whitish abova
Antenno wbitisb. Thorax fhscons, indistinctly whitish in front
and on lateral margins. Abdomen greyisb-foscons, anal-toft
greyish-ochreons. Legs wbitish-ochreons-grey. Forewings short,
iriangolarly dilated, apex strongly produced, hindmargin obliqnely
ooncaye below apex, ronnded beneath ; rather dark fosooos,
especially towards apex ; a rather broad white streak, very
irragnlariy waved on margins, proceeding from base to middle of
182 THE PBOCKEDTNG8 OF THE LINNEAN flOCIETY
disc, there deflexed npwardR and running to coeta just beyond f ;
a white streak, internally very irregularly margined, from J of
fold to apex of wing, confluent above middle with a white band
along hindmargin ; inner margin almost entirely sufFused with
white, and between first and second white streaks gronnd*colour
mixed with white scales ; a rather indistinct, outwardly curved,
wavy blue-whitish subterminal line, bordered with ground-colour
where it cuts the white subapical band; hindmarginal line strong,
black, marked on lower half with about five black spots ; cilia
white, with fuscous-grey parting-line, towards anal angle almost
entirely grey-fuscous. Hindwings rather pale fnscous-grey ;
cilia hardly paler.
1 ($ , near Sydney, in March ; very distinct from all known
species.
Or, conmmelhiSf Whr, OaL 165.
8''— 9". Head white, labial palpi twice as long as head, white,
on sides fuscous. Antennae whitish. Thorax white, lateral
margins dark fuscous. Abdomen whitish. Legs ochreous-
whitish internally, greyish-fuscous externally, tarsi with
whitish rings at apex of joints. Forewings elongate, slightly
dilated ; apex produced, acute, appearing from the cilia
slightly falcate, hindmargin beneath apical indentation hardly
oblique, rounded beneath ; dark fuscous or blackish, blackestc^' ^t
along costa ; a straight broad silvery-white streak from base to^z^^
apex, upper margin of basal half almost touching costa, apicaMI^-^Bd
half gradually more attenuated ; a rather narrower silvery- whit^^ ^lie
streak along inner margin from base to anal angle ; a slendev ^"^sr
bluish-white subterminal line, cutting the longitudinal streaks^^^s,
proceeding from beyond f of costa obliquely outwards, sharpl;^^ .M2y
angulated on first streak, thence tolerably parallel to hind margiiM=^cri],
angulated again on second streak, ending before anal angle; ok'-^^d
costa before subterminal line are two more oblique slender whit^z^^ te
streaks, and between it and apex another less distinct, not obliqu^^ -©i
behind subterminal line the space between the two longitudin^ _^slA
streaks is cinereous-grey, sprinkled with white scales, and cut
three longitudinal black lines ; the disc immediately before su
tormina] lino is also more or less sprinkled with cinereous-gr
OF KBW SOUTH WALES. 183
and whitish scales ; hindmarginal line blackish : cilia pale grey,
whitish at eztremities of loDgitndinal streaks, and with a small
whitish spot about middle, and a grey fascons indistinct parting
line ; above apex and below anal angle fascons. Hindwings
whitish, snbtransparent, snffased with pale fascons grey at apex
and on upper margin ; cilia white.
Belongs to the section of which the European pascueUus L, is
typical, but differs from all other species by the broad silvery-
white inner-marginal streak. Occurs near Sydney, also about
Brisbane and Rockhampton. It would appear to have an extra-
ordinary range for an insect of this class, being stated by Walker
to occur also in Ceylon and South Africa.
Or InUviUdUs, Whr. Oat 171 ; haltereUus Z. Or. 33.
1 1*' — 14*. Head ochreous-brown, with a very slender (sometimes
obsolete) short white line above each eye. Labial palpi short,
hardly longer than head, ochreous-brown or dark brown, whitish
beneath ; maxillary palpi ochreous-brown. Antennie dark fuscous.
Thorax ochreous-brown or dark brown, anterior margin narrowly
and a lateral marginal stripe silvery white. Abdomen whitish,
slightly tinged with ochreons. Anterior and middle legs dark
fuscous, posterior legs whitish. Forewiugs moderately broad,
dilated, hindmargin nearly straight, lightly rounded beneath ;
▼arming from brownish-ochreous to deep brown; a narrow silvery-
white costal streak from base to a little before apex, posteriorly
slightly dilated ; a very broad straight silvery-white, strongly
black-margined central streak from base to hindmargin, its upper
apical angle produced dpwards into a tooth along hindmargin to
apex, the lower part of its hindmarginal edge also black-margined :
cOia ochreous-brown, darker greyish-fuscous at anal angle, with
indistinct darker parting-line. Hindwings pale greyish-fuscous,
whitish towards base, in ^ with a slender pencil of brown hairs
in a depression at base ; cilia whitish, tinged towards base with
odireous-grey.
Basfly known by the np-tamed apex of the single median
streak, and remarkably short palpi A common species, occnrring
roand Sydney, and up to the summits of the Blue Mountains ;
nbo at Melbonme and Eang (George's Sound ; from October to
Maiofa. Walker's name has one year's priority.
184 TBH procbedikob or i
Ct. torrvntellui n. if-
15" — 16 j". Head oclireons, with a small whitiah apofc on crown,
aud a pale line above each eye ; collar whitish. Labial palpi tnore
than twice aa long as head, oohroons, at apez fuecoos, beneatli
white towards base ; maxillary palpi ochroouH. Antennie
foBCOUB, basal joint ochreoas. Tborai ochreons-brown, with a
broad ailvery-white stripe on each shoulder. Abdomen pale
oohreoas. Anterior and middle legs fascoas, posterior legH
ochreous. Forewings elongate, moderately broad, bardly dilated,
hindmargin very obliqae, ronnded ; very pale ochreous, towarda
apex and at base auffuaed with brown isb-oohreoas, and very
slightly on disc ; a very narrow Bilvery-whlfe costal streak
from middle of costa to apex, sometimes prodaced further
towards base, much attenuated at extremities; very broad
straight silvery-white median streak from base to hindmargiQ,
continued also quite through cilia, strongly but irregularly
margined on both sides with blackish scales, least distincdy on
disc, very broadly and strongly towards apex, eapeoially on upper
margin ; sometimes the upper margin of this streak tends
slightly to be produced aptvards on hindmargin : cUia, except
on the white streak, fu scons-grey, with a rather darker parting
line, nindwififts white, in J slightly suffused with greyish
towards apai ; cilia white.
Differs from preceding by the longer palpi, paler coloor, and
median streak prodaced through cilia, as well aa the absence of
any distinct apical tooth ; from allied Enropean species by its
lai^ size, and the very great breadth of the median streak.
Hitherto only from neighbourhood of Dnaringa, Queensland ;
two specimens in Sydney Mosenm, sent by Mr. Qeo. Barnard.
Or. aurantiaeus «. gp.
Vf — 10|". Head bright ochreoos, with a whitish line above
each eye. Labial palpi twice as long as head, deep ochreous
tinged with fiiacoas, beneath white towards base ; masillary palpi
whitish above, Antennae silvery-grey, basal joint whitie)).
Thorax bright deep ochreous, with two parallel longitadimU
silvery-white streaks on back. Abdomen silky-white. Legs white
beneath fuscous, Forewings rather short, broad, hiadma^;iii,
OF XEW SOUTH WALKS. 185
ioleraUj straight, roHnded beneath ; bright orange-ochreons ;
a Bilverj-wbite, intemaDj fnsooas-inargiiied, rather narrow costal
streak from near base to f , much attenuated towards both ex-
tremities ; a broad silverj-white foscons-margined streak from
middle of wing below oosta, posteriorly abruptly angnlated
opwards and ending in apex, rather suddenly attenuated at both
extremities; a broad straight silvery-white fnscons-margined
streak from base through middle of wing, posteriorly attenuated,
barely or not quite reaching hindmargin ; a narrow silvery-white
partially frisoous-margined streak along inner margin from base
to anal angle ; a clear dark friscous line along inner and hind-
margins : cilia silvery- white, with two sharp dark fuscous parting
Hindwings pale fuscous, more whitish towards base;
pure white.
Differs markedly from the two succeeding species by the
basally abbreviated upper streak, shorter wings, &c. Several
specimens near Newcastle in January.
Or. trwiUaUu Z. Gr.SAi', mmUeOus Whr. Cat. 171 {nee Don.)
IV — 15Y' Head ochreous, with a dear white line above each
eye, and sometimes whitish behind. Labial palpi two and a half
tones as long as head, ochreous-brown or dark brown, beneath
dear white ; maxillary palpi whitish above. Antennas dark
fofloons. Thorax ochreous, darkest on shoulders, with two broad
nlvery-white longitudinal stripes on back. Abdomen pale grey-
ish-ochreous, basal segment silvery-white. Anterior legs greyish-
fuscous, middle and posterior legs whitish. Forewings rather
broad, hind margin very slightly sub-concave beneath apex,
almost straight ; light brownish-ochreous, generally paler towards
inner margin ; extreme costal edge white from a little before
middle to a little before apex ; a silvery- white blackish-margined
streak starting from very near base immediately below costa, at
first narrow and parallel to costa, before one-third deflected from
oosta and continuing parallel to median streak, becoming much
broader, its extremity abruptly deflected upwards shortly before
bind margin, becoming attenuated, and ending in apex ; a nearly
straight broad silvery-white blackish-margined median streak
from base to hind margin, somewhat attenoated towards its ex-
tremity ; a silvery-white streak along inner margin from base to
anal angle, internally rather Indistinot, externally msr^ned by a
greyish-fttBcoua streak along inner tnargio ; hind-marginal line
dark fascoua ; cilia silvery -white, fuscous at tips, and with a
broad cloudy dark fuBCOus parting-line. Hiodwings greyish
fascoua, in ? more whitish, bind- marginal line fuscona ; cilia in
Jgreyish or whitish, with darker grey partiag line, in 5 white.
Differs from aurantiaeui by the npper diacal etreak nearly
reaching base, from hivittellaa by the straight extremity of the
lower discal streak, from both by the duller ground colour. A
common and very generally diatribnted species, occurring from
Sydney to the samraits of the Blue Monntains, also aboat Mel-
bourne, Adelaide, Elockhanipton, and in Tasmania, in December
and January.
Zeller described this as new, quoting Eriohson as anthority
that bwittdhie Don. is not this, bat the following species; Walker,
considering this to be Donovan's insect, re-named the other
reeiirvellua.
Or. bitnttdhis, Don.; Z. Or. 34; Teeureellvt, Wkr. Oat. 171.
15°. Head deep orange, pwsteriorly oohreous, with a ailveiy-
white line above each eye. Labial palpi more than twice as long
as head, slender, aoute, exteriorly orimson-orange, towards apex
fuscons, interiorly pale ochreous, beneath white at base ; maxil-
lary palpi ochreous, above deep orange. Antennn in ^ deeply
dentate, ciliated with little tafts of hairs, dark foBCOos, basal
Joint silvery- white. Thorax saSron- orange, with a rather broad
longitudinal silveiy-white stripe on each side of back. Abdomen
whitish-ochreous, anal tuft darker ochreous. Anterior and middle
legs dark greyish-fuscons ; posterior legs whitish, tarsi snfiaaed
with greyish-fuscous. Forewings broad, dilated, hind margin
nearly straight, lightly roanded beneath ; deep saffron-onuige,
towards apex and hind margin tinged with crimson ; a alendei'
silvery-white costal streak from beyond middle to beyond three-
qoarters, other parts of costa slenderly dark AiscooB ; a silvery-
white strongly black-margined longitudinal streak proceeding
ftvm costa a little above base, at first rather narrow, dilating
gradually, at one-third deflected ^m costa and continued
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 187
parallel to median stareak, becoming broadest at two-thirds,
ahmpily onryed upwards immediately before bind margin, be-
coming more attenuated, and ending in apex ; a straight silvery-
white strongly black-margined median streak from base, its apex
aharply curved upwards shortly before hind margin, and ending
in a short point directed towards apex of wing, not reaching hind
margin ; a moderate foscons streak along inner margin, bordered
internally by a narrow silvery-white black-margined streak from
base to anal angle; hind-marginal line blackish: cilia silvery-
white, foscons-grey towards tips, and entirely at anal angle.
ELindwings greyish-fiisooas, slightly paler towards base ; cilia
greyish-fhscons.
Ck>mmon at King George's Sonnd, bmt apparently exclusively
western. Easily known by its brilliant colouring, and the re-
curved extremities of both discal streaks.
Or, plenifereUus Whr, Cat 173.
9* — 11'. Head white, face, a longitudinal median line, and a
spot behind each eye ochreous. Labial palpi twice as long as
head, ochreous mixed with fuscous, beneath white towards base ;
maxillary palpi ochreous, whitish above. Antennsa whitish,
tinged with ochreou& Thorax ochreous, darkest anteriorly,
whitish posteriorly ; anterior margin and five longitudinal lines
(central, sub-dorsal, and lateral) slenderly white, often indistinct.
Abdomen ochreous-whitish, basal segment white. Legs white.
Forewings broad, strongly dilated, hind margin slightly wavy,
weary slightly sub-concave beneath apex ; bright ochreous, darkest
towards costa ; a rather narrow silvery-white sub-costal streak,
v«iy close to costa, from base to beyond middle ; a broad silvery-
wliite, very elongate-triangular, median streak from base, it«
apex reaching to a little beyond middle, its upper edge parallel
to coeta, lower edge parallel to inner margin, outer edge much
more oblique than hind margin and black-margined ; from mid-
dle of its lower edge proceeds a slender silvery-white tooth along
Ibid, not reaching middle ; an indistinct white streak along inner
near base ; a straight rather broad oblique silvery«white
from three-fourths of costa to before middle of inner mar-
gin (parallel to posterior edge of median streak), generally qnite
or partially iateimpted below middle and on fold, poateriortif
emitting two black-margined wedge-shaped teeth, oaa between
the two int^rrnptionB and one immediately above them ; an out-
wardly curved pale metallic-grey siibterminal line a little before
hiad margin, starting from a white spot on costa; between snb-
terminal line and the transverse streak is a transverse curved row
of sis or seven silvery- will te, sub-ovate, more or leas (sometimes
very strongly) elongftte spots, the narrow interspaces strongly
liiiE'd with blackish scales ; between snbterminal line and hind
margin, touching both, are four silvery-white spots, first snb-tri-
ftiigalar, sabapical ; second qaadrate, in middle ; third snd
fourth quadrate, adjacent, above anal angle ; hind-marginal line
dark fuscoas, with sub-tri angular blackish spots on extremities of
veins ; cilia ail very- white, tips and a parting-line fuscona-grey.
Hindwings wbitish-grey, in ¥ slightly darker, hind-marginal line
diirk foBooas ; cilia white, with a faint grey partiug-line.
Common in tbe Sydney district, and around Melbourne, in
February and March.
Or. hoj^Ulellus n. sp.
10" — ir. Head ochreoua- brown, with a whitish lineovereach
eye. Labial palpi twice as long as head, ochreous -brown, mised
with darker- ftism us, bencti'.li whitish. Antennte dark fascmia,
inj strongly pectinated. Thorax deep ochreous-brown. Abdo-
men whitish, towards base tinged with greyish-ftiscous. iiegB
dark fuscous, posterior pair more whitish above. ForowingB
moderately broad, hind margin very slightly sub-conoave, almoat
straight ; deep brownish-ochreons, partially saffused with darker
brown; a straight narrow silvery-white snb-costal streak, pro-
ceeding from costft near base, and ending on costa again sliortly
before apex, enclosing a narrow fascous costal streak ; a silvery-
white, strongly blackish -margined, central streak from base, gradu-
ally dilating to beyond middle, where it becomes abruptly bifur-
cate, both branches short, reaching to three- fourths of diao; q[^f
branch slender, abruptly swollen towards apes beneath ; lower
branch short-pointed, with a tooth above ; about the apex of each
branch is an irregularly oral cloud of miied black and bluish-white
scales ; from between these two clonds proceeds a silvery- white.
OF VSW SOUTH WALKS. 189
whowe stion^y black-margined, broad streak obliquely upwards
to apex* aharp-pointed above, sending firom its lower edge a more
or less distinct silvery-whitie line towards anal angle ; apex of
wing sofinsed with dark fusooos ; Uiree or foor triangular Uack
dots on hind margin towards anal angle ; an indistinct line of
dark fbsooos scales along inner margin; cilia silvery-metallic
grey, white at base towards apical half of hind margin. Hind-
wings whicish-giey, indistinctly darker grey-fosooas at apex and
alcMig hind margin ; cilia whitish.
A TQiy distinct species ; abundant in a very restricted locality
near Sydney, in March.
Cr. cwn^erdius Wkr. Oat. 175.
7Y — 9^'. Head clear white. Labial palpi twice as long as
hemdf white, towards apex and on sides mited with greyish-
oclireoas; maxillary palpi white, beneath mixed with foscons-
grey. Antennn whitish. Thorax white, towards sides and
behind tinged with pale greyish-ochreoas. Abdomen pale greyish-
ochreoos, towards base whitish. Legs white. Forewings short,
posteriorly dilated, in $ more elongate, hindmargin roonded ;
pale greyish-ochreons, sometimes more or less sprinkled pos-
tsHoriy with whitish and fdacoos scales ; the veins more or less
perceptibly indicated by lines of f nsooos scales ; a snow-white
median streak from base to hindmargin, often very indistinct or
obsolete, eq)ecially towards base, most conspicnons at |, margins
obwure; indications of ihiee transverse slraider (sometimes
obnnrely doable) dark ochreoos-brown lines ; first very hint or
absent^ beyond i, aolj perceptible near inner margin, where it is
angiilated ; seocmd sometimes distinct, rising finom middle of costa,
proceeding obliqaely outwards to | of breadth, then sharply
aagvlated and proceeding obliqaely inwards to median streak,
wfaefe it becomes obsolete, bat is sometimes again shar[^y ang^-
htad oatwards; third generally distinct^ a little before hind-
aaigin, strongly waved, oatwardly carved, at | of breadth finom
ooala sending a very sharp angulation inwards ; between third
liae and hindmargin the groand-<x>lour is replaced by black and
wkita sealco arranged in alternate transverse lines, giving a
Uwihrgrey appearance, the veins indicated by whitish lines;
190 THS PBOCEBD1N68 OF THE LUTlTSAK 80CIXTT
hmdmarginal line blackiBh, onspoited ; cilia sinning grej, pale
towards tips, intersected bj a rather broad white longitndinal
mark at median streak, another leas broad bdow it, and two
others mach narrower and nKHe indistinct abore it, with fiunt
traces of a parting-Kne. Hindwings fBseotis^iey.
cilia white, with a fnsooos-grej paiting-bne neai
Yar. a. Entirely saffosed with greyish-oiJucoiia, leaTing
trace of white eok>ar either on head or Ibrewin^
Terse Hnes on forewings ; onh' narktags the hiaiahgiej wedge^
shaped markings on hrndmar gin ; cilia of hirfaiaga alsosnffbaed
with grejish-ochreoasL
Alwajs distiogxtishahie br ^e wedge^-ahaped kindmarginal
narkintrs- The gar, a g sJngrihMr in aiPiwai bt f ..a^d a^ firat sfeht
mi^pears dbtinct^ bat ^ prohahiT obIt a ddl-coloared sgm^
form : two spgciawag (wtAuoLtt the ordiiiary 6m) wcce taken bj
Mr. G> H. RariMr. near ISrcaaMCta^ iai Aagaat. Thm ortinar]f
form fi$ thse comjnomoss ot* t^ goniB m 3Ciew Sooolk Wafes^
occorrtng: in gneafi dbimdiDce evarrwheca frooa SmJmj to die
Kue MoaEsaitai$w afi ^^^wcvdif; ani }ji nhsWj
!i«ar MetboaxQiev and m chtf Kjiek&anipagtt ifitrtiikl. feena
r»
rimt<ht-'li^ •♦. «a>.
>, •
->> cl^:M»i ,v^l^r^»il:^-r>?v- lAiJitii ^?al0f Tnure Tfe«'» tnrice
w -MBS? aiiwvllary ;>*upi v-m.^jili ti>cvT}, mrtt :tscohs biffseadh.
^->:v'-iit~vV^Tr"^His^ iiM.u-.'u?' ■♦tut-" ^cJc*^ c^^^^'j^^^tuce ifc«?ve.
OF NSW SOUTH WALBS. l9l
mre sometimes entirely obsolete, rarely distinct ; first line very
fiont^ doable, only appearing as two ochreons-brown spots, mixed
with blackish scales, on inner margin before middle, and two
obliquely above them on lower margin of median streak beyond
middle ; second line sometimes tolerably distinct, waved, sharply
angolated above median streak and sometimes also with a second
indistinct angalation towards inner margin, whitish, edged inter-
nally with darker ochreons-brown ; hindmarginal line dark
foacons, containing three or four distinct black dots towards
middle ; cilia foscons-grey, rather metallic. Hindwings fxiscons-
grey ; cilia whitish-grey or whitish, with a ftiscoas-grey parting-
line near base.
Allied to cwneiferelius ; di£fers by the narrower wings, smaller
sixe, darker colonring, hindmarginal dots, &c. Also very common,
round Sydney and Parramatta, and in the district of the Lower
linnter River ; also received from Bockhampton ; from January
to March.
Or. rdatalis Wkr. Gat, 172.
12* — 13^''. Head pale ochreous, mixed with whitish, with a
very narrow white line above each eye. Labial palpi more than
twice as long as head, pale ochreous, much mixed with fuscous
towards apex, beneath clear white at base ; maxillary palpi white
above, fuscous at base. Antennse whitish. Thorax ochreous,
posteriorly white, and with a broad quadrate ochreous-white spot
behind oollar. Abdomen silky-white, anal-tuft whitish-ochreous.
Antericv and middle legs grey-fuscous, thinly whitish-scaled
above ; posterior legs whitish. Forewings elongate, moderately
broad, hindroargin subconcave below apex, thence strongly
rounded ; greyish-ochreous or greyish-brown tinged with ochreous,
especially towards base, towards inner margin rather abruptly
and broadly whitish-ochreous, and sometimes also more narrowly
along oosta; a straight silvery-white, internally blackish-margined
snboostal streak from base to oosta shortly before apex, with a
tendenoy to emit two or three faint branches towards costa pos-
iecioriy ; a straight moderately broad silvery- white black-margined
csBkal streak from base, parallel to subcostal streak, beyond
iBiddle deflected downwards and continuing parallel to inner
TBS PBOCEBDIKOS or THB LlSlOAir aoOIXTT
margin, ending abruptly jnst before hindmargia ; from the point
of deflection proceeds a second brancb similar and nearly parallel
to the first, bat more slender and Bometimes in great part obsolet* -.
from half-way between origin of this branch and base rises ii
third Pery slender branch, proceeding nearly to anal angle, bot
generally obsolete at extremity ; the interspaces between these
branches are somewhat aiiffosed anteriorly with blackish ; im-
mediately above the point of deflection of the median streak, bnC
not toaching it, rises a moderately broad, basally attennated,
silvery-white blackish -margined streak proceeding directly towai'ds
hindmargin, but ending abrnptly before reaching it ; above this
is sometimes also a faint whitish abort linear mark ; a whit« snb-
marginol streak from apex to anal angle, inwardly convex, cot
touching hindmargin, receiving the apices of all the discal streaks,
broadest above, sometimes obsolete or absent on its lower half,
internally edged with fascons shading ; immediately before and
parallel to this eabmargtnal streak is sometimes a wavy pale
bluish line ; hindmarginal line dark fuacona, with three or four
elongate black dots towards anal angle ; oilia white, tips and a
strong parting-line (sometimes confluent) dark metallic-grey.
Hindwinge whitish-grey, apex and hindmargin rather ftbmptlj
darker grey, hindmarginal line fascoiis ; cilia white, with a faint
grey parting-tine sear base.
Allied to the three succeeding species, differing especially by
the median streak having only two branches beneath, instead of
three or four. Not very common, but very widely distribnted,
occurring at Sydney, and on the Clarence River ; near Helbonrae
and Adelaide, and in Tasmania ; in March.
Or. <^pulenteUug Z. Or. 46.
11|''-12|". Head greyish-ochreons, with a rather broad whitish
line above each eye. Labial palpi more than twice oa long as
head, fascoos, beneath whitish at base ; maxillary p^pi whitiah,
towards base fnscous. Antennsa dark foscous. Thorax ochreons,
darker above, with a slender white longitadinal line on each side
of back, forming two conspicuous approximated white spots be-
hind the collar. Abdomen whitish -ochreons, more snfihsed with
OF HBW SOUTH WiXSS. 103
grey towards base. Anterior legs fiiscoas ; middle and posterior
legs pale ochreons. Forewings moderately broad, hindmai^in
obliqae, rounded, snbconcave beneatb apex ; ochreons ; a very
narrow silvery- white costal streak from base to beyond middle ; a
broader silvery-white subcostal streak from one-third to costa
immediately before apex, attenuated at extremities; a strong
silvery-white central streak on sub median vein from base to
lundmargin, roughly margined with blackish scales on apical half
above and on basal half beneath ; sending from its lower edge
four very slender silvery-whitish branches to hindmargin, the
iowest branch more or lees blackish -margined, and the tolerably
broad ochreons interspaces sometimes mixed with blackish or
gz^ey scales ; an elongate-triangular silvery-white subapical spot,
lasting on hindmargin below apex and on posterior quarter or
oaedian streak, partially or entirely cut longitudinally by two
^^^^.ckish-ochreous lines ; below median streak a straight silvery-
^^li^ite streak from near base to anal angle, and a silvery- white
star^ak from base to inner margin at one-third ; a fuscous line
^ong inner and hind margins, hindmarginal line marked with
s^'V'en or eight often obsolete blackish dots ; cilia white, becoming
^^^tallic-grey at tips, and entirely about anal angle. Hind wings
P^le greyish-fuscous, hindmarginal line dark fuscous ; cilia white.
This and the two following species are very nearly allied, and
^^ i& probable that several other closely related species remain to
*^^ found. OpulentelliM differs from both the others by the sub-
<^8tal streak not reaching nearer to base than one-third, the dark
fuscous anterior legs, and general distinctness of marking. Taken
^mmonly at Parramatta in April ; teller's specimen was taken
^ Tasmania.
Or. vnvaUdelhis n. sp.
11". Head pale ochreons, with a very slender whitish line
above each eye. Labial palpi more than twice as long as head,
acute, pale ochreons ; beneath whitish at base ; maxillary palpi
ochreons. Antennas ochreous-fuscous, in (^ deeply dentate. Tho-
rax ochreous. Abdomen whitish-ochreous, anal tufb whitish.
Anterior legs ochreous, middle and posterior legs whitish. Fore-
wings rather elongate, apex acute, hindmargin slightly sub-con-
r
IB4 1
c»ve beneath apex, i-ounded beueatb ; piile ocbreoug, thinly Bprin-
kled betneeu Ibe veins with conree dark fuscous scales ; a stawght
r&ther brood white sabcostal streak from base of oosta to costs
Bgaio a little before apex, Hhadiog into piile whitish-ochreons on
costal margin, from two-thirds of its lower margin sending a
faint whitish branch to hindmargin below apes ; between t)i«
snbooatal streak and median vein the ground colour is suffo^ed
with fuscous, darkest above, forming a broad streak from base to
two-thirds of disc, where it becomes obsolete, appearing again a.'^
a dark fuscous spot at apex ; a dark fascous spot on upper mai^n
of median vein at two-thirds ; median vein indistinctly whitish,
very obsolete towards base, sending four indistinct whitish
branches to hindmargin, which are interrupted just before
reaching hindmarginal streak ; fourth branch very faint ; be-
neath these are very faint indications of whitish lines on the
other veins ; a clear white streak along hindmargin from apex to
anal angle, broadest above ; hindmarginal line strong, clear, dark
fuscous, towards its lower half with five black elongate spots on
extremities of veins; cilia white, tips and a parting-line pale
motaliic-grey. Kiudwings white, hindmarginal line indistinctly
fuscous ; cilia white.
DiBt!nf,'Aiishod from opjilenteUits by the more snffosed markings,
and sub costal streak reaching base ; from entieagrammag by the
ochreous head and narrower forewings, from both by the white
hindmarginal streak, and clear white hindwings. One (? in col-
lection of Mr. Masters, from Tasmania.
Cr. enneagrammos n. ep.
9" — 12". Head white, with a longitudinal ochreous stripe on
crown. Labial palpi more than twice as long as head, ochreous-
fuscous above, white internally and beneath; maxillary palpi
white, fuscous at base. Antennee slender, whitish above, dark
fuscons beneath. Thorax brownieh-ochreous, whitish on back,
with a clear white double spot on collar. Abdomen ochreous*
whitish. Legs ochreous- whitish. Forewings broadly dilated in
(f, narrower and more pointed in $ , hindmargin ronnded, snb-
below apex ; varying from oobreous-grey to clear
or HEW B0X7TH WiXES. 196
ochreoofh lighter towards inner margin; extreme oostal edge
narrowly white ; a straight rather narrow white sub-costal streak
from base to apex, sometimes emitting posteriorly two or three
slender white streaks to costa, or partially confluent with the
white oostal line ; a rather strong white, above black-margined
posteriorly, central streak on sab-median vein from base to hind-
margin, sending from its lower edge four rather broad parallel
branches to hindmargin, separated by very narrow ochreons lines
(sometimes sprinkled with blackish), lowest branch often strongly
blaokish-margined ; an elongate-triangular white subapical spot,
resting on hindmargin below apex and on posterior third of me-
dian streak, more or less distinctly cut by two rather obsolete
ochreons (sometimes mixed with blackish) longitudinal lines;
below median streak a white line from near base to anal angle,
and. a white line from base to before middle of inner margin ;
inner margin whitish towards base ; hindmarginal line fuscous,
marked with seven or eight black dots ; cilia white, extreme tips
and a parting line greyish-ochreous. Hindwings whitish-grey,
marginal line dark fuscous ; cilia white.
I>ifirers from its allies by its broader wings, white head, and
greater breadth of the white streaks on the branches of the
Bubmedian vein. Common round Sydney and Parramatta, es-
pecially in rather damp places; also near Melbourne and Mt.
Macedon ; in December and March.
It is possible that 0, argyroneurus Z. (described from a single
South Australian specimen) may denote a variety of this insect,
as it possesses many of its characteristics ; but Zeller describes
the head as yellowish, the first and second branches of the median
vein as not reaching hindmargin, the second and third as becom-
ing confluent beyond the middle, and makes no mention of any
white sub-apical spot. Considering the close affinity of the spe-
cies of this group, it would be premature to adopt the name for
tins insect.
Ebomene Sh.
Ocelli distinct. Tongue moderate, spiral. AntennsB setaceous,
orennlate. Labial palpi hardly as long as, or markedly shorter
than thorax, straight, porrected, acuminate. Maxillary palpi
I LIHrXKUI BOCIKTT
shortly triangolar. ForewingB Bobtriangolar, Jn <J with a
transparent spot at base of median cell, hindmargiD with black
apnts united by metallic-gold ; hindwinga with basal pecten.
Of the four Bpecies hereafter described, the first two hardlj
faJl well into the genua, owing to their longer palpi, yet they
possesa the general characters ; the others agree with Eromene in
all respectfl. Tbey may be tabulated thus : —
A.— Potewingg with broad dlyerj-whita markingB 2. bifractMt.
B, — „ without distinct Bilvery-'white markings
1. — ForewingB nith a central oblique (asaia. 1. Umgipalpelta.
2. — ,, with two slender transierae linos.
a. — Labial palpi hardly longer than head 3- pratiaaturella.
i. — „ .. nearly twice aa tang as head ... i. dUattlla.
Er. loJtgipalpeUa n. gp.
10" — 11". Head whitish. Labial palpi twice as long as head.
whitish, mixed with dark fuscoua bcoIbb, dark foscous on aides :
maxillary palpi white, Antennte whitish-ochreoua. Thorax and
abdomen ochreoaa. Legs ochreoua-grey, tarsi with ochreoos.
whit« rings at apei of jointB. Forewings elongate, rather dilated,
costa straight, hindmargin sabdeufcate, slightly ronnded ; ochre-
ooB, BuSused with white, eapecially on diBC, which is almost en-
tirely white aoii rather thirkly iiTegiilnrly sprinkled with fine
black BcaleB, especially towards post«rior part of disc, sometimes
coalescing in parts to form irregnlar blackish spots; towards base
the white coloar forms a diatiuct median streak from base, which
shortly becomes dilated and suffased into the ground colour ; a
transrerse central fascia of the ochreons ground colour, sprinkled
with whitish and blackish scales, gently angnlated above and
below middle, bisected throughout by a violet- ailvery metallic line,
indistinct on margins ; at two-thirds of disc, nearest to costs, is a
crescentio violet-ail very metallic mark, strongly margined with
black intern^dly and less strongly externally ; behind this are
four irregular elongate spots of black scales ; a ail very-metallic
oatwardly-curved sobtenninai line, indistinctly margined inter-
nally with blackish ; coata before apex blackish ; a small white
spot on hindmai^n in middle, a faint one below apex, and a
clear double one above anal angle ; hindmargiu witli seven black
OF NEW SOUTH t\'AIJB. 197
spots on extremities of veins, lower ones largest and sharpest :
oilia silvery-metallio-grey, with a whitish line at base and in
middle, and intersected hj slender white marks at the veins.
Hind wings pale fuscous-grey ; cilia white, with a fuscous-grey
parting line near base.
Near Aielboume ; not scarce.
Ex bifracteUa Wkr, Gat 174 {Oramhus).
8" — 9 1". Head ochreous-brown. Labial palpi long, ochreous-
brown or dark brown, brassy-metallic on sides. Antennae incJ^
stent, subdentate, above white with dark fuscous rings, beneath
dark fuscous ; in $ slender, white with dark fuscous rings. Tho-
rax ochreous-brown, at base silvery-ochreous-grey. Abdomen
pale greyish-ochreous, somewhat silvery at base. Legs pale
greyish-ochreous, anterior pair and posterior tarsi partially suf-
fused with greyish-fuscous, Forewings subtriangular, rather
broad, dilated ; deep clear ochreous, darkest along costs ; a sil-
very-white black-margined costal streak from base, at first very
narrow, much broader posteriorly, deflected from costa about
middle, and ending at three-fifbhs a little below costa ; a broad
straight silvery- white black-margined streak from base te three-
fifths of disc, its apex abruptly blunt-pointed, perpendicularly
beneath apex of costal streak ; an indistinct silvery- white partially
black-margined streak of variable width along inner margin from
base, its apex in a straight line with those of costal and median
streaks : a subtriangular silvery- white black-margined subcostal
spot between costal^ streak and hind- margin, its base obliquely
concave, with the upper angle sometimes reaching costa, its
apex almost reaching the subterminal line ; an oblong silvery-
white black-margined streak between apex of median streak and
hind margin, reaching hind margin, bisected longitudinally by a
blackish line, and interrupted by the sub-terminal line ; the space
between this streak and anal angle is whitish-ochreous or whitish
Qn. $ silvery- white), irrorated with blackish scales ; the space
between it and subcostal spot is whitish-ochreous, irrorated with
blackish scales and bisected longitudinally by a blaci sh line ; a
fri&aate bluish-silvery metallic line proceeding from inner margin
IW THB PBOCRroiKW OF TBE tiirmAv aocIBTT
immediately beyond tbo atreftk from base perpeadicularly up-
wards to disc, suddenly bent round apes of median streak, and
continued between median and costal streaks to base ; a sinuate
(sometimes broken) transverse blnisb -silvery metallic mark on
disc between the bend of this line and the subcostal spot ; a
bluisb-ailvery metallic aabt«rminal line proceeding from a small
whitish spot on coata at two-tbirda very obliquely outwards,
curving roand a little below a.pes, and continued very near hind-
margin to anal angle ; a small wbito apical spot ; three deep
black dots on hind margin, on the junction of the white streak
from disc: cilia silvery- grey, metallic, white at base towards
apical half, often with a basal row of silvery-grey metallic spots.
HindwingB pale grey ; cilia in <J whitish-grey, with darker parting
shade, in $ clear white.
Not veiy common ; occnra roDcd Parcamatta, near Duaringa,
and in South Australia, in February and March. This species
might, perhaps, be better placed in Crambos-
Er. praemalurella n. ap,
41" — 5". Head ochreous-brown. Labial palpi hardly longer
than head, dark fuscous, with a conspicuous oval yellow spot on
side towards base. Antennee ochreous. Thorax oohreo as-brown.
Abdomen pale oohreous-brown. Legs wbitish-ochreoos. Fore-
wings short, strongly dilated, hiudmargin oblique, slightly retnse
below apex ; in (f yellow-ochreous, almost entirely sufTuaed with
white except along costa, partially on disc and beneath apex ;
in ? ochreous-brown, darkest towards apex, densely iirorated along
inner margin and on posterior part of disc with whitish and
black scales ; two transverse slender lines ; first blackish,
from ^ of costa to ^ of inner margin, acutely angolated ontwards
above middle ; second whitish, margined on each side wiUi
blackish, proceeding from f of costa at first very obliquely out-
wards, curved round very strongly above middle, and continued
nearly parallel to hindmargin to anal angle ; between second line
and apes is a short white outwardly oblique streak from costa ;
on lower | of hindmargin a row of about eight quadrate black
spots, almost toaching each other, largest towards anal angle ;
OF NEW SOUTH WALS8. 199
dHa white, with a deep metallic blackish -grey line almost along
base, and cut by three very broad metallic violet-grey bands, one
immediately sabapical, one just above and one just below
middle. Hindwings in $ whitish, in $ dark fhscons-grey ; cilia
white, with fuscous-grey parting-line near base.
Two specimens (cJ, ? ) Bear Sydney, in December.
Br, dUateUa n, sp.
6" — 7". Head dark ochreous-fuscous mixed with whitish.
Labial palpi nearly twice as long as head, long-haired beneath,
blackish-fuscous, with a suffused oval deep yellow spot on side
towards base. Antenna slender, dark fuscous. Thorax blackish-
fuscous, densely irrorated with whitish. Abdomen blackish-
fnscous, posterior margins of segments and anal-tuft clear white.
Anterior and middle legs ochreous-fnscous, posterior legs
ochreous-whitish. Forewings short, broad, subtriangular, very
strongly dilated posteriorly, hindmargin oblique, tolerably
straight; blackish-fuscous, very densely irrorated with white
scales, towards inner margin often coalescing in (^ into irregular
white patches; first line slender, sometimes partially double,
irregular, blackish, suffusedly bordered with whitish, from two-
fifths of costa to two-fifths of inner margin, angulated outwards
below costa ; second line slender, blackish, partially double,
rising from a white spot on costa at three-fourths, proceeding very
obliquely outwards, strongly curved round close to hind margin,
and continued very near and parallel to hind mai'gin to anal
angle; a short rather oblique white streak from costa before
apex ; on lower two-thirds of hind margin a row of 8 quadrate
black spots, very near together, separated by ochreous-yellow
elongate marks ; cilia white, with a broad bright golden-metallic
Hne along base, and a broad dark metallic grey line along tips.
BBnd wings in ^ whitish, with irregular indistinct grey-fuscous
^ll>ai^flft along hind margin, in $ blackish-grey ; oilia white, tips
and a parting-line near base strongly dark-grey.
Very closely allied to praematureUay differing principally by the
larger size, longer palpi, and the ochreous-yellow marks between
the hind marginal spots. Near Parramatta, locally common, in
September.
VuaurUKn Z.
Jt»faniMi SEkmm, m ^ ■"■■** kbovc baaal joint, with & tnf)
of •eain in tbe siBntian. Lalml palp* uuiu|M«ejwd. ascending oi
ponveted ; tensiBBl jaiat RMdentel; hmg. Maxillary palpi
tbort, fitibrm, ■|nin— nl, alika ta both aezea- Foren-imga long
u»d ratlier narrow, oosta iligbtljr corred ; htDdwin^ moderatclji
hrMMl, ali^Uy indented. Forewiii^ witfa 11 veins; 4 and 5
•eiMr«te. HtodwingB witfa 8 veins; 3 rising close before po^p-
rior angle or cell : 3. 4, 5 on a stalk 5t>m posterior angle of cell
A ralher large genua, of aInKwt OBireraal distribntion.
A. fiiod win^ ;e!lov 3. opimtUit.
B. .. rtutish-giCT .. 1. UtmpttrtUa.
S'eph. tteiiopUreSa, h. tip.
7|° — 8|". Head, palpi, and tbomx blackisb, very minutely ant
denitely irror&ted with whitiBli ; labial palpi straigbt, porrected, ii
(J rfttlior longer than head, in ? nearly twice as long a^ head
Antennie fiwcouH, in J very finely ciliated, with a large elongat
tuft of black scales in Einnation. Abdomen grey, segmental mat:
gins luid anal tafl whitiab-ocbreoiiB, second and third segment
from biiae entirely bright ochreous. Legs blackish, very densel
irn>rfilod with whitish, tarsi with elender whitish rings at apex o
joiutx, poBterior tibiae with a slender obliqae black band toward
apes. Forewings elongate, very narrow, hardly dilated, cosii
hardly arched, hindmargin very oblique, rounded ; blackisb, verj
dunHoIy strawn with wbitish scales, so as sometimes alntust to can
coal the ground colour, more blackish in J ; first line ratber in
distinct, double, black, both sections very slender, very irrega
larly waved, emitting several acute teeth posteriorly ; on inne)
margin, at junction of first line, is a short transverse ochreous
reddish Hpol, strongly margined internally with black ; aboa
middle of inner margin is a second less distinct reddish spot
united to a double black discal spot beyond middle by an obliqa<
slender blackish cloud ; second line blackish, donble, very obliqae
from a little before apex to a little before anal angle, shortly bn
acutely augulated iuwards above middle, and again before inne
07 KXW SOUTH WXUtB, 201
iAirgin : cilia dark grey, with many bluish-whitisb points. Hind-
snb-hyaline, whitish-grey, narrowly darker at apex, and
narrowly along hindmargin : cilia whitish-grey, with dark
parting-line near base.
Tolerably common near Sydney, at Bowenfels, and Newcastle,
October to January ; comes freely to light.
Neph. opimellay n. sp,
S". Head, palpi, and thorax blackish-fuscous, finely and thinly
^x-xx>rated with whitish ; palpi obliquely ascending, reaching con-
8i^<lerably above head. Antennsd dark fuscous, in ^ very finely and
8li.oxrtly ciliated, with an angular tuft of black scales in sin nation.
-^l>domen dark fuscous, with clear ochreous-yellow rings on seg-
^^iciexital margins. Legs blackish, irrorated with whitish, tarsi
'^vdfcli very slender whitish rings at apex of joints, posterior legs
oclireous-whitish above Forewings rather short, dilated, costa
sHglitly arched, hindmargin somewhat oblique, rounded ; blackish,
^©xisely strewn with whitish scales, the absence of which produces
cle^r black markings ; first line indistinct, double, slender, oblique,
^^ one-third of wing, bordered posteriorly by a broad oblique
^^•ajisverse band, clearly defined towards base, posteriorly more
Suffused ; second line stronger, "distinct, double, from a little be-
iOi'e apex to a little before anal angle, shortly angulated outwards
^low costa, and again inwards above inner margin, between the
^'^^o angulations convex posteriorly ; half way between first and
second lines an oval black dot above middle of disc : cilia blackish-
S^^y, extreme tips and a slender parting-line bluish- white. Hind-
^^xigs deep yellow, costa and hindmargin rather broadly bordered
^vi.th smoky-fuscous, towards anal angle becoming suffused into
€rix^nnd colour; cilia smoky-grey, with a blackish parting-line
*^^«ir base.
Several specimens near Parramatta, from June to August.
Pemfelia Eh.
Jbitennsd filiform, in ^ sinuate above basal joint, with a tuft
^^ scales in the sinuation. Forehead with a cone of scales.
*-*^hial palpi ascending or recurved, second joint rather long,
*^^*ininal joint very short. Maxillary palpi of (J ending in a long
tnfl, concealed between labial palpi, of ? abort, filiform. Fore-
wings nioderfttely long, posteriorly dilated ; hiod winga moder-
ately broad, sbgbtly iudeutod below apex. Forewings with II
Feins ; i and 5 separate. Hindwings with 7 or 8 veins ; 2 close
before posterior angle of cell ; 3, 4, or 3, 4, 5, on a etalk.
Also a considerable genas, occnrriog throughoat the world.
Besides the two species described, there are certainly several
others; but as all are very similar dull-coloured inaectR, and
variable withal, I forbear describing the rest at present.
A, Forewiug; with a broiLii oblique Uackiah apicul
Btreak .. .. .. .. -.1. ilrigifmlla.
B -withont apiaal Btrwk 3. rufitineUlla.
Pemp. ttiigifgreUa n. tp.
10"-13." Head greyish-oohreonB, with a few whitiah and black
scales. Labial palpi obliquely ascending, reaching somewhat
above head, greyish -ochreous, miKed with blackish at apex.
Antennffl greyish-ochreous, in (J thickened, dentate, minutely
ciliated, with a large triangalar tuft of black scales in ainnation.
Thorai greyiah-ochreoua, with two or three black scales.
Abdomen whitish'ocbreous, Bometimes infascated, anal tuft of
fj oohreouB, ovipositor of ? rather long. Legs grey ish-ochreons.
Forewings elongate, strongly dilated, hind mar^n moderately
oblique, rounded ; greyiah-ochreons, generally faintly irregularly
streaked with whitish below costa, often somewhat suffused with
greyish fuscous, and thinly sprinkled with blackish scales, eepera-
ally between veins ; indications of commencement of a grey-
fuscons double very oblique first line on costa at one-third ; a
little above inner margin at one-third an oblong-elongate short
black mark, sometimes very conspicuous ; beyond this, above
middle of inner margin, a small dark fuscons cloud, sometimes
obsolete, often confluent with a cloudy dark fuscous streak along
posterior part of inner margin ; a double black spot before two-
thirds of disc above middle ; second line indistinct, doable, grey-
foscons, angulated inwards a little below costa, and again vety
faintly above inner margin ; a conspicuous broad blackish oblique
apical streak, reaching from apex nearly to discal spot ; a hind-
marginal row of black dote ; cilia wbitish-ochreons-grey, with
OF IfSW SOUTH WALB8. 208
two grey partiog-lmes. Hiod wings wbitish-fuscoas-grey, towards
apex and hindmargin snffused with darker foscons; dlia
oehreoas-grey-whitish, with dark-grey parting-line near base.
Common on dry grassy banks, and at light ; round Sydney
and Newcastle in January.
Pemp. rufttmcteUa n. ap.
IS^ Head brownish-ochreons. Labial palpi oblique, some-
what ascending, not reaching above head, ochreous- whitish mixed
with dark fuscous. AntennsB ochreous-fuscous, in ^ simple,
in (J — (?)• Thorax brownish-ochreons. Abdomen brownish-
ochreons above, paler on sides and posteriorly, slightly mixed
with fuscous-grey ; ovipositor of ^ short, retracted. Fore
wings elongate, rather broad, dilated, hind margin moderately
oblique, rounded ; dark greyish-ochreous, suffused on disc and at
apex with brownish-ochreons, sprinkled with blackish and
dark carmine scales ; first line only indicated by a few blackish
scales beneath costa, very obliquely arranged ; a short longitu-
dinal blackish streak a little above inner margin at one-third,
beyond which there is a faint cloudy fuscous streak along or near
inner margin to anal angle ; a double black spot on disc a little
before two-thirds above middle; second line very indistinct,
fuscous, double, on costa surrounded by a small blackish cloud,
angolated inwards a little below costa ; a hind-marginal row of
tranaversely elongate black dots ; cilia ochreous-whitish, towards
tips pale dull carmine, with two or three slender dark-grey part-
ing-lines, and irregular rows of ochreous-whitish points. Hind
wings fnsoons-whitish, slightly sufEused with darker towards
apex; hind-marginal line clear, sharp, dark fuscous; cilia
whitish, with a dark grey parting-line near base.
Easily distinguished from strigiferella by its larger size, more
mfbns tint, and absence of apical streak. 2 ^ s at light near
Plurramatta in March.
EnsLLA Z.
Antenuffi filiform, in ^ sinuate above basal joint, with a tuft
of scales in the sinuation. Labial palpi very long, as long as
, tSS^m. IJMflhiy pallB of J endhig id a long
i heimvui UmI pdpi ; «r $ ifcort, GJiform. Fore
t pM»IHM»inH. cnatft MnigU, cnnvd jost before
toad wings moderately
I with II reins ; 4 aod
^ aepAnte. Btod iringi wilfc S mas ; S fwng before posterior
ko^ orf cell : 3 U)d 4 naaUlltwi finm poMcoor an^le of ceU.
B««iiles the three AnstrirKa upedn hetv deacribed, only one
oU>cr speclea oF this ^raiis ia tnowB ; whieb. ■•owever, possesses .
a wid« ruigv, exi«udiiig orer great pwt of Bnrope and America^
All the ipeciee hare a cansideiaUe general resemblance.
k — CMtal edge >liaDT wfctle .„ .. 1. timetrtiia.
B. — „ ,, abora vliiie atnak fnacoo* ^
a.— Pore wings dad liate-enj ; -— -"" ^J
bordai of fint line tt
i. — „ pale greyish o
border torming three MpBr>l« eironlu
«pOta 3. thrytcporiUa.
Ei. nneerella n. i^.
14" Hoad yellow-octreous, forehead brassy -metallic. Ijabis
palpi more than twice as long as head, braaaf-oohreoDa, mize^
uii aidefl and at apex with dark fndooiu soales; toft of suudUair;
{lalpi of S luiarly as long as seoond joint of latnal ps^x
yellowiab'OohreooB. Antennffl of ^ thickened, minntaly oiliate^
brownish'OahreoDS, above barred with white, with a large toft of
liniivaaaloa, blackish above, whitish towards base, in sinnatioii.
Tboraz white, becoming ochreoaa-grey on aides and in &ont
Abdomen silvery- white, posterior margin of segments whjtisli*
oohreous. Legs silvery white, tarsi infnaoated beneath. Fore
wiiigH elongate, tolerably broad, slightly dilated, hind nuu^;in
tililitiue, slightly ronnded ; pale greyish-oohreoos, beooming
(l>iik«r olnirer oohreoua towards costal streak, thinly apriulcled on
\rinn with grey is h- fuscous ; a tolerably broad pure white coata]
pii.reitk from bue to apex, margined at base and apex beneath by
nhurl (lurk fuanous cloudy streaks ; an indistinet clondy greyish-
OV KBW SOUTH WALES. 205
fipMOOS streak along inner margin from near base to anal angle ;
Teiy fidnt indications of a transverse obliqne yellowish band
before one-third, marg^ed internally with a few silvery-metallic
aoales ; hind*marginal line cloudy dark fiiscoas ; cilia white,
with two ck>ndy ftiscoos grey parting-lines. Hind wings
whitish, towards apex and on hind margin narrowly sufihsed with
foscons-grey ; hind-marginal line dark fuscous ; cilia white, with
an indistinct grey parting-line near base.
A distinct and conspicuous insect, larger and broader- winged
than its congeners, easily known by the wholly white costa and
obsolete fascia. One ^ , taken by Mr. Burkitt at light at Glades-
▼ille, Sydney, in September.
Et Behrii Z. Is. 1848, 883.
8" — 10". Head in (J bright ochreous-orange, face brassy-
metallic ; in $ shining dark ochreous-grey. Labial palpi much
more than twice as long as head, dark brassy-fuscous ; maxillary
palpi in ^ long, bright ochreous-orange; in $ very short,
fuscons. AntennsB dark fuscous with ochreous-whitish rings, in
(^ thickened, with a large tuft of black scales and white silky
hairs in sinuation. Thorax dark ochreous-grey, in $ with a
bright orange sufiused spot on anterior margin. Abdomen
whitish-ochreous, base of segments dark-grey. Legs ochreous
above, dark-Aisoons beneath. Fore wings elongate, narrow,
alighily dilated, costa nearly straight, hind margin oblique,
■ligfaily rounded ; dark slaty-grey, densely irrorated with
whitaah, and sometimes in ^ with scattered carmine scales ; a
sbraight moderately broad clear white costal streak from base to
a little before apex, enclosing a very narrow strip of ground
ooloor along costal edge, and margined beneath by a moderately
broad ferruginous streak running from base to apex of wing and
dumging to black towards base and apex; a transverse very
oUique ferrug^ous band from one-fourth of costal streak to one-
third of inner margin, internally edged by a pale golden metallic
line of raised scales, and within that by a broader blackish line ;
an indistinct small blackish spot on lower margin of subcostal
before two-thirds; a hind-marginal- row of rather
^
206 THB PE0CBEDIIIO8 OP THE tlirSEAN BOCIETT
irregttlar blackish spots, often indistinct ; cilia grey-whitish, with
three distinct dftrker-grey parting-lines. Hind wiugs in ^ pole
foBcona-grey, in $ rather darker, apex dark fnsoooB-grey ; hind-
niftrgiiuil line snffuaed with dark fuscona; cilia whitish, with
dark-grey parting-line near base.
Very closely allied to the European xinckendla Tr., from which
it differs by the narrower wings, costal white streak not reaching
apex, and mat-coloured, not yellow, transverse band ; from chnj-
toporeUa by the rather smaller she, slaty-gtey ground colonr, and
nnbrokon transverse go Id en -metallic line. Very common and
generally distributed, occorring from Sydney to the summits ol
the Blae Moantains, round Newcaetle, at Melbourne and Ade-
Uide, from September to January.
Bt. ehnjsO]iorella n. Kp.
10" — lOJ". Head in(Jbright yellow-oohreoua, with a whitia
spot above the eyes. Labial palpi nearly thrice as long as heac;
dark brasBy-fuacons ; maxillary palpi (?). Antennte fue
oons with whitish rings, beneath whitish, in ^ with a large tnft c=
white silky hairs, clothed on one aide with fuscous scales, in sintu
ation. Thorax brownish-ochreous, in front blackish, with a clas
ochreous-yellow spot on anterior margin. Abdomen whitiaK
ocbrcouH, base of segments siiffnaed . with grey-fuscous. Leg
ochreons-whitish above, dark fosoons beneath. Forewings eloE
gate, very narrow, scarcely dilated, oosta straight nntil just befoTi
apex, hindmargin oblique, slightly rounded ; pale greyiah-ochreoos-
brown, irrorated with dark fascoas eoales ; a straight white oostil
streak, starting from a small tnft of ochreons-brown hairs almoit
at base, to costa a little before apex, enclosing a very narrow darlc
fnsoons streak on costal edge, and margined beneath by a line of
dark fascoas scales, becoming a wedge-shaped mark at apex, and
beneath this again by a pate ochreons-yellow streak &om near
base quite to apex ; a rather carved oblique transverse pale
ochreooa-yellow band from one-fonrth of costal streak to one-third
of inner margin, margined internally by three separate circalai
raised golden-metallic spots, before each of which is a blackisli
spot ; au irregular suffused white spot towards inner margin ba-
OF KEW SOtTTH WALBS. 207
tore fcransverse band ; a pale ochreons-yellow slareak along fold
from transverse band to anal angle, shortly dilated above beyond
middle, beneath anteriorly margined with a silvery- white streak ;
branches of submedian vein posteriorly defined with dark fas-
cons, separated by indistinct whitish streaks ; hindmarginal line
dark fuscous; cilia grey- whitish, with three irregular darker
parting-lines. Hindwings whitish-grey, hindmarginal line dark
fuscous ; cilia whitish, with dark grey parting-line near base.
Very similar to Hehrii^ distinguished by the more ochreous
ground colour, the golden-metallic edging of transverse band
forming three separate spots, and the ochreous-yellow and whitish
streaks towards inner margin. Several ^ a from Melbourne and
Adelaide.
EUCABPHU Hh.
Antennsd filiform, simple, in ($ somewhat pubescent. Labial
palpi rather or very long, compressed, porrected, terminal joint
Iwoad, not pointed. Maxillary palpi minute or absent. Ocelli
distinct. Fore wings more or less dilated, elongate ; hind wings
broad, somewhat indented below apex. Fore wings with 11
veins ; 4 and 5 separate. Hind wings with 8 veins ; 2 rising
before posterior angle of cell, 3 and 4 stalked.
A rather small genus, hitherto only recorded from Europe and
S. Asia.
JBrtic vulgatella n. sp.
9|" — 11^". Head pale greyish- ochreous, mixed with whitish.
Palpi twice as long as head, pale greyish-ochreous, densely irror-
ated with dark-fuscous on sides and at apex. Antennao pale
greyish-ochreous, in ^ thickened. Thorax and abdomen pale
^preyish-ochreous, anal tuft of ^ pale ochreous, ovipositor of $
rather long, conical, bristly. Legs pale ochreous, tarsi of ante-
rior and middle legs slightly infuscated. Fore wings elongate,
narrow, costa nearly straight, hind margin oblique, slightly
rounded ; whitish-ochreous or pale greyish-ochreous, sometimes
Boffosed with pale brownish-ochreous, entirely more or less
densely irrorated with blackish, especially on veins, and broadly
dusted with whitish along costa ; a faint tendency to show a
darker subcostal streak, only appearing distinctly as a short
bladcish very oblJqne streak from apes ; at one-third a black dot
abnve middle, and a secood, inncb smaller and often obsolete,
almost perpendicularly beneath it or slightlj nearer base, on fold ;
imrnediatelj" before two-thirds a third larger sab-elongate black
dot in middle of disc ; an indistinct, often obsolete, transverse ron
of five or six black dots from extremity of apical stre&k to anal
angle ; a row of large irregular (often indistinct) black dote on
hind-margin ; cdia grey, with whitish points, a whitish basal liflB
and two dark-grey parting-line a. Hind wings pale grey, hind
marginal lino dark-grey ; cilia pale-grey or whitish, with dark-
grey parting-line near base.
Rather variable in intensity of colooring. Very commoc:
from Sydney to Bowenfela, and at Melboome ; fcom Septembs;
to Jannary, in dry grassy places.
Eiie. entiferelltt, u. tp.
12". Head brawnish-ochreous, face dark fiiscOQS. Palpi twL •
as long as head, densely scaled, externally dark-foscoos, iutemaK
ochreons-whitieb. AntennEe fuacooa. Thorax ocfareoos. on abo^H
ders brownish. Abdomen greyisb-ocdireoDs. Legs dark-fascoK^
Fov» wings elong&te, narrow, costa nearly straight, tightly arclsc
before apes, hind margin oblique, hardly rounded; light pinkis
brown<ochreoDs ; a racier broad ochreona-white oaetal atreak iron
base to a little before apex, remainder of coata blackish, the blackiaf
scales also extending basally half>waj along both margins ori
costal atreak ; a straight slender ochreona-white median streak:
from base to hind margin a little below apes, near base coufineot
with costal streak, beneath margined with hIjiAiah soalea, mnoh
most strongly between middle and two-thirds ; between coatal and
median streaks an indistinct blackish tnuiBverse mark at two-
tbirds, and behind it a longitadinal streak <d hlac^iahBoalea, end-
ing ic a clondy spot just below apes \ three branches of median
vein faintly, and snb-dorsal vein more strongly defined with
blackish scales ; a clondy hind-marginal Uackish linej cilia grey,
mixed with blackish -fuscous. Hind wings dark fnscoas-grey,
darker towards hind margin \ cilia grey mixed with fnsoonB, with
a paler basal line
or- NBW SOUTH WALKS. - • ■ ^ 209
OonspicaoQsly difTerent from vfdgaUUla by the two longitadinal
oohreons-white streaks, and^abseoce of discal dots. 1 ^ from
Helboum&
Lasiogera n. g.
Forehead with a short hardly projecting cone of scales. Ocelli
ptresent Tongae short, scaled at base. Antennas simple, in ^
thickened, densely clothed on basal half with thick scales. Labial
palpi moderate, obliquely ascending, terminal joint short. Maxil-
lary palpi abort, filiform. Forewings rather short, dilated ; hind-
wings moderate, slightly indented beneath apex. Legs rather
abort Abdomen stoat.
Characterised by the peculiar thickly-scaled antennas oi ^. I
have not yet been able to examine the venation.
Lob, canUinea n, sp,
1" — 8". Head, palpi, and thorax black ; labial palpi white be-
neath towards base. Antennas in (^ black on basal half and at
apex, whitish between, in $ entirely blackish. Abdomen black,
with ochreous-yellow rings on posterior margin of segments ;
anal tufb ochreous-yellow. Legs blackish, tarsi with slender
whitish rings at apex of joints, posterior tibias ochreous- whitish
except at apex. Forewings short, moderately broad, dilated,
hindmargin somewhat oblique, slightly rounded ; blackish, very
thinly sprinkled with whitish on disc ; first line white, nearly
straight, oblique, at about one-third ; second line white, from a
small triangular white spot on costa at three-quarters to a little
before anal angle, middle third broadly curved or obtusely angu-
kkted outwards ; cilia blackish. Hind wings bright deep yellow,
hindmargin broadly and costa narrowly blackish-fuscous ; cilia
smo^-blackish, with indistinct darker black parting-line near
base.
This species has considerable superficial resemblance to Nepk-
opieryx opimeUa ; apart from the structural distinctions, it may
be generally known by its clear blackish colour, and rather sharp
white lines. Several specimens from Gbulbum and Parramatta.
Geroprepes Z.
Forehead obtuse. Ocelli present. Antennas setaceous, in S
with a small tubercle above basal joint, strongly pectinated on
SIO
oDe side, apex BunpLe. Maiillaiy palpi short, filiform. Ijabial
palpi iDoder&t«, ascending, cyliodrical- Tongne long, ac&led at
base. Foretrings dilai«d ; lundwings moderately brood.
Onl; one other species of tfais geDDS is known, from India j it
does not closely reaemble the Aastralian one.
C«r. almella n. *p.
11" — 12". Head, palpii and thorax alaty-whitiab, densely ir- -
rorated with Hlaty-faBcons. AnteDiue dark foscoaa Abdomen .c
slaty- whitish, densely mixed with foBcoos, in ^^ more blackishE j
with segmcDtal margins pale ochreoos ; in both sexes on poste— «
rior margin of basal segment are two ochreons valve-like projec-'C
lions, ending in(^in a long, in S in a short tuft of scales, one oimr-
each side of back, beneath which is in^a targe, in ? a small 6i~^
cavation or oriSce in side of abdomen. Anterior legs pale slaty^
grey, irrorated with dark inscons, in (f internally black, with pal^l
rings at apex of joints of tarsi ; middle and posterior tegs slatj^p
whiliinh, irrorated with slaty -fuscons, with a strong oblique btao- J3
Imnd at one-third before apex of tibiee, and joints of tarsi blai^sA
lit bane. Forewiogs rather strongly dilated, hindmargin scarcely
oblique, ronnded ; slaty- whitish, very densely irrorated wit^
Mlftty-fusoous ; a strong black nearly straight ofoliqae transverse
lino neiir base from costa to inner margin ; first line doable,
strong, black, from hardly beyond one-third of costa to before
middle of inner margin, slightly angtdated ontwards a littlo be-
low costa, lower half of its inner margin marked by a strong
ridge of raised eoalea ; second line double, black, faintly waved,
(torn JoBt before apex to jnst before anal angle, making a rather
strong curved projection inwards below costa, and a rather indis-
tinct sharply-aoote angulation inwards above inner margin ; half-
way between first and second lines above middle of disc a trans-
verse elongate-linear raised black mark, behind and beneath
wliioh is an indistinct blackish clond, sometimes produced be-
neath to lower extremity of first line ; hindmarginal line strong,
black, broken by very small slaty-whitish spots about veins :
cilia Rrey, intersected by a strong line of slaty-whitish scales
Ixiforc middle, and with tips itnd two Hues of points before tips
OF NEW SOUTH WALS8. ill
8latjr«whitish, immediately before each of which they are saffased
^th blackish. Hindwings pale clear ochreons-yellowy on apper
-margin towards apex suffused with dark fuscous ; hindmarginal
line dark fosooas ; cilia pale ochreous-yellow, with a dark fasoons
parting-line near base, and towards apex becoming snffosed with
smoky fnscons.
A very conspicuoos insect. The singular orifices and valve-
like arrangements at base of abdomen I oonjectnre to be auditory
organs, from the analogy of other insects. Several specimens
lired from larv89 feeding rather gregariously in silken nests on
.MDoearptu cu/pressiformiSf near Parramatta in April; images
emerged from June to September.
Myelois Z.
Forehead smooth. Antennso filiform, simple, in ^ finely
^nliated. Ocelli distinct. Labial palpi pointed, erectly ascending,
^terminal joint short. Maxillary palpi short or obsolete. Forc-
ings of variable breadth, costa straight or slightly curved ; hind
^^nngs rather broad. Forewings with 11 veins ; 4 and 5 stalked
'mjft separate* Hindwings with 8 veins ; 3 and 4 rising stalked
"Mcom posterior angle of cell.
A large and rather heterogeneous group, occurring throughout
'Ae world.
A. Forewings with a broad eorved white subcostal band... 1. aubareuella,
B. „ „ no white subcostal band 2, eosmiella,
Myel, suharcuella n, sp.
6^" — 7". Head dark grey mixed with blackish. Palpi short,
arched, blackish mixed with whitish-grey scales. Antennsa
whitish, with dark fuscous rings. Thorax dark purple grey.
Abdomen fuscous-grey, segmental margins and sides pale
ochreons ; anal tuft ochreous. Anterior legs purple-fuscous,
irrorated with whitish, tarsi and apex of tibiao blackish, tarsal
joints with whitish apical rings ; middle and posterior legs above
porple-fhscous, irrorated with whitish, beneath ochreous-white,
tarsi black with slender whitish rings at apex of joints. Fore-
wings short, somewhat dilated, costa nearly straight, hind margin
rather oblique, rounded ; dark purple-fuscous, somewhat irrorated
TBB PBocmmos aw tbb imvatx •ocivtt
with pnrple- whitish scales, especially towards hind margin; a
broad, somewhat cotred, white eabcostal streak, sprinkled with
purple scales, rising from coata a little above base, and ending on
Costa again a little before t^ei. eaclosiag a sLort narrow black
coBtal space ; apical estremitj- of anbcoatal streak margined
posterioi-l^ by a short broad oblique blackish band from apex of
wing ; first line bardly visible, porple fnscoas, aboat j, angulated
in middle; second line very indistinct, straight, double, dork ;
purple-fuscous enclosing a paler central space, from exiremity of"3
subcostal streak to anal angle ; a row of cloudy blackish apots oil^c:
hied margin, generally very indistinct ; cilia fnscous-grey, wit!»:r;
purple- whitish points. Hiudwicgs subhyaline, pale grey, darks^ra
ftt apex ; hind marginal line dork fnacous-grey ; cilia whitish^^K
grey, darker at apex, with a dark-grey parting-line near base. ^^_
Two i 's from Blackheath on the Blae Mountains, in Marok^^|
Ml/el. GOiTrt'tella n. sp. ^B
Q". Head and palpi blackish irroraled with whitish, pal^^H
whitish at base and internally. Antennte dark fuscous "■■"' ^^ '
indistinct whitish rings. Thorax blackish- fuscoDs. Abdom^^^
dull ochreoQB, suffused with fuscona at base of segments. Le^^a
blackish, densely irrorated with whitish, tibite with a black baciw —
before middle, tarsal joints with whitish apical rings. Forewingr—
elongate, rather narrow, slightly dilated, hind margin ronnded,
blackish, very densely irrorated with whitish, except on eaci^
side of .first line, where the black colour predominates for soDie
breadth ; first line represented by a rather broad whit« slightly
curved transverse band, sprinkled with blackish scales, and with
an indistinct central blackish streak in lower halfj second line
indistinct, double, black, rising from costa before apex, immedi-
ately making a strong angulation inwards, thence retarnin^ and
continued to inner margin before anal angle ; between first and
second lines an indistinct double black spot above middle of djsu :
cilia grey, with many bluish- whitish points. Hindwings tfainly
scaled, whitish-grey, very narrowly darkergrey at apexand along
liind margin : cilia whitish, with a dark grey partiiig>line near
One (J from Melbourne.
OF NEW SOUTH WALB8. 213
Anbbastu Hh,
Forehead with blnnt cone of scales. Tongue short or absent. No
ocelli. Antennas filiform, in (J more or less distinctly sinuate above
basal joint, pubescent or ciliated, in $ simple. Labial palpi long
horizontally porrected or obliquely ascending, second joint dilated
above, terminal joint long filiform. Maxillary palpi- short or
obsolete. Porewings elongate, narrow, hindmargin very ol^lique ;
hindwings uniformly rounded, faintly indented. Forewings with
10 veins ; 4 and 5 coincident. Hindwings with 7 veins ; 3 and 4
long-stalked.
A not large, but universally distributed genus, the species
of which frequent dry sandy places. Besides the one described,
which is very conspicuous, I have seen two other Australian
species, much more nearly resembling European forms, but not
in fit condition for description.
Aner, mirahUeUa n, sp,
7" — 71". Head dark fuscous, ochreous at back, with a slender
whitish line above each eye. Palpi twice as long as head, densely
scaled, horizontally porrected, dark reddish-fuscous, beneath
white at base. Antennas fuscous, thinly whitish-scaled. Thorax
ochreous-grey-brown, on sides brownish-crimson. Abdomen
whitish-ochreons. Anterior and middle legs externally whitish,
internally dark fusoous-grey ; posterior legs white. Fore-wings
rather elongate, not dilated, apex rounded, hindmargin oblique,
rounded beneath ; pale carmine, with a rather large oval white
^pot on middle of inner margin, blackmargined except on lower
edge ; cilia whitish, with a pale carmine basal line, and blackish
at apex and towards anal angle. Hindwings pale fuscous-grey,
snfiused with pale ochreous towards base and at apex, with a
rather large irregularly elongate sharp black patch on middle of
inner margin, forming a continuation of the dorsal spot on fore-
wiogs, when the wings are expanded ; cilia pale ochreous.
The continuation of the markings of forewings over hindwings
is a very unusual and curious circumstance in this group, and in
oonjonction with the exceptional character of these markings,
causes a singularly exotic facies. Two ^ s, near Sydney, ip
January.
THH TluOVntlKOB DV THE CIKITUH BOCTBTT
H0U04<0E0U& CvH. *
Forehead with a blaut ridge of scales. Tougve strong. OoeQi
distinct. AntenniB 6lifonn, iii(?with a short notch above basal
joint. Labial palpi moderate, obliqaely ascending, slender, some-
what compressed ; terminal joint rather more (ban half as long
OB second, ftliform, rather pointed. Maxillary palpi filiform,
appresaed. Forewiugs long, moderately dilated, costs faintly
carved, more strongly before apex, hindmargin very obliqoe,
almost straight Hindwinga narrow, pointed, ftatly rounded,
hardly indented. Forewinga with 10 veins ; 8 absent, 4 and 5
stalked. Hindwings vrith 7 veins; 3 and 4 nustalked from
postetior angle of cell.
A small genus, occarring throngh Europe and Asia ; the larrM
feed in the flower.heads of Composita. The two speoiea described
at-e readily distinguished from each other by their sise and
different markingn.
Horn, vagetla Z., Is., 1848, 863.
75" — 8", Head whitish, densely mixed with alaty-fusoonB,
especially on forehead. Falpi arched, dark slaty-fuscons irrorated
with whitish. Antennas dark faacoua. Thorax dark slaty -fuscons,
irrorated with whitish. Abdomen ochreon a- whitish, partially
saSnscd with grey. IJegs thinly ochreo as- whitish-scaled above,
dark fuscous beneath. Forewmgs extremely narrow, hardly
at all dilated, hindmargin very oblique, slightly rounded ; dark
fascons, towards oosta blackish, densely irrorated throoghont
with slaty-whitish sceles, coalescing to form a more or less
distinct white irregatar subcostal streak from near base to aboat
two-thirds of disc, sometimes faintly atreaked with brownish ; a
blackish circular spot near base in middle ; first line tolentbly
strong, cloudy, blackish, from one-third of co&ta to a little beyond
one-tbipd of inner mai^in, strongly angulated outwards above
middle, indistinctly margined basally with whitish ; second line
indistinct, blackish, not far irom and nearly parallel to hind-
margin, broken and shortly acutely angulated inwards below
costa ; at two-thirds of disc are two blackish obliquely placed
dote above middle, lower nearer to base ; cilia grey-whitish, with
or IflW SOUTH WALB8. 215
^wo indistinot irregular slaiy-grey parting-lines. ELind wings
Dfhitisli-grey, apex darker, hindmarginal line soffosed, dark
fosoons ; cilia whitish, witii £ednt darker-grey parting*line near
liase.
The narrowest-winged species of the genns. Tolerably common
in the Sydney district ; also at Melboame and Adelaide, from
September to January.
Horn, disUehdla n. sp.
41' — 6". Head, antennas, and thorax pale greyiah-ochreoos ;
palpi slightiy arched, externally dark fascoos, internally and
lieneath whitish. Abdomen ochreons-whitish. Anterior legs
<Ukrk fnscons ; middle and posterior legs ochreons-whitish.
~Fore wings rather short, tolerably broad, moderately dilated,
liind max^in very oblique, rounded ; pale whitish-ochreous, strewn
^th coarse blackish scales ; a broad brownish-ochreous streak
^aalong fold from base to anal angle, and a shorter, sometimes
Ibroader, one above it on disc ; a rather large cloudy blackish dot
^mm disc at two-fifths, and a second obliquely below it, much
nearer base, on lower edge of fold ; a straight row of about five
•^r six similar dots crossing wing in a line from four-fifths of
•^xMta to anal angle, second from costa generally largest, elongate,
oiext three close together, confused, sixth almost on anal angle ;
<^nUa ochreons-whitish. Hind wings pale grey, hind-marginal
^ine broad, dark fuscous ; cilia ochreons-whitish.
Differs from the mmheUa group by the merging of the second
line with the discal spots ; allied rather to smuella F., but super-
ficially very different in appearance. Common and generally dis-
tributed in New South Wales, from Parramatta to Bowenfels, and
on the Lower Hunter R., from January to March.
Efhcstia, Gn.
Eph. ekbtella Hh.
This and the three following species are naturalised importa-
tions from Burope, and are too well known to need description.
Sydney, Parramatta ; common in houses. The larva feeds on
tnacuitSy chocolate, &c.
i
216 rsi PKOcarauciH o* rsH uskkax sociktt ■
Sj-diiey, PammattA, nMnmoa. The UtT» feeds in oor
■pparentlj ecpeciallj' on maite, in eoiapmay with Sitotnga
•lio, doing considerable dasuge. ^^
G&LLERID^. ^
Gu-UMA F.
OalLmdhH^la L.
Speciroona of this insect are sent &om Qaeenaland, whe
considered deatructi»e ; the larva feeds m bee-hives on th
ACHSOEA Hh.
AcKt. grueUa F.
Sydney, Pairamatta, Melbourne; oomnion in Febma
Marah. The larva feeds in bee-bivea on the wax, caosin
great deatmctioD if not chee:ked ; bat I hare also seen
abnndant in a frait-shop in Sydney, which may indicati
versatility of habit
ON THE GEOLOGZ OF YASS PIiAlNS.
[SBCOXD pAPEIt.J ^
Bt Charles Jenkiks, Esq., L.S., Yasn. </
PlaU 17. '
In endeavonring to describe some of the fossils enam
my former paper, I necessarily laboar ander the disadv
having at Tass no opportunities of making snoh comps
at present the references, I oonld wish. Withoat assui
apeoial knowledge, as only a life exclnaively devoteJ
ontology can give, I hope, however, by detaUed drs
desoHptions, to place before yoQ the specific nature of
ent fossils in such a manner that, if my determinatior
wrong, it may be at once apparent to those better
jadge than myself.
I propose, in the tirst place, to deal with those fot
either consider the more remarkable, or are well-ki
garded in other countries as characteristic of parf
OF WEW SOUTH WALES. 217
or snoh as speoially characterise, by their nnmber and variety,
ihe strata in which they are found here.
I am naturally much assisted by Prof. Koninck's work, in
which several of the Silurian species found in the Yass and
Hume beds are described.
Chbirurus insiqnis. Fig. 8, PI. 6.
This specimen so exactly coincides with the description of the
pygydvum of Prof Koninck* in having four pairs of ribs, the last
pair of which form a rudimentary spire following the direction
of the axis, that there can be no doubt about its identity. All
the species I have yet obtained agree in the above particulars ;
but the relative lengths of the lateral portions do not seem
to be constant The specimens of this part of the Oh&irurus
imignis are associated, chiefly in the lower portion of the Hume
beds, with other portions of Oheirurus (Figs. 6, 6, 7 ; PI. 6); but
I have not been able to obtain a specimen in which the different
parts are united.
Bronteus.
As there is some difference in the terms used by different
writers in naming respectively the three principal segments of
TiUohiteSf I may observe that I shall in my descriptions call the
anterior portion the head segment, the middle portion the thorax,
and the posterior portion the pygidium.
As the exact form of the head, and disposition of the eyes of
this genus, do not appear to be well-known, I am fortunate in
having several specimens from which these particulars can be
obtained. The specimen of nearly a whole Trildbite, which has
enabled me to give the restored Fig 5, has some of the ribs of
the thorax overlapping and displaced, and part of the cheeks at
the facial suture separated and removed. The position and size
of the eyes are distinctly indicated. One eye is perfect, and,
with a portion of the cheek, rests upon another part of the TrU
lohile, A perfect impression of the external portion of the
oheek, belonging to a TriUihite of the same size and proportion,
enabled me to complete the form of this part. The form of the
*Beserch68, snr les Fossiles, Paleozoiques de la NouTelle Galle de
Sod, pige 48,
ilS THZ PBOCBEDIHSB OT THB LIVVHAX SOCIBTT
head segment is nearly semi-circnlar, rather more tfaan twice as
broad &3 long, and almost flat. Anterior outline rather regularly
curved. Tho estemal posterior angles poinled and acute. The
concave-convex outline of the poaterioF margin of each cheek is
interropted by an angular tooth-!ike projection.
The Glabella is slightly raised posteriorly, depressed anteriorly.
Broadest in front and narrowest at the second furrow at abont a
quarter the length of the glabella from the base- — oatline concave
laterally to about 2 millemetri?3 from the anterior margin, when it .
becomes slightly convex. Separated fi-om the lateral portions,
or cbeeka, by a sinus 1 miilemetre broad J millenietre deep to
about 2 milleraetres from the anterior margin, after this the
separation becomes gradually fainter and hardly perceptible at
the very front.
There are four farrows on its surface counting from the baae,
the first entire, the second nearly so, the third and fourth arched to
about J of the width of the Glabella, and more deeply marked at
their inner termination.
Surface of Glabella covered with concentrie folds, the edges of
which are about \ a miilemetre apart.
The cheeks subtri angular, the inner and posterior margins of
nearly equal length. The anterior longer. The eyes are sessile
and somewhat reniform. Rather more prominent at the anterior
third,aDd slightly raised above theother parts of the cheek. Facets
not so large as those of Phacops. The spaces between the eyes
and exterior margins of the cheek, occupied by three curved
depressions radiating from the front, and by intervening alight
elevations. The sinus and ridge nearest the eye being more
curved and sharply defined than the others.
Three curved slight ridges concave exteriorly and radiating
from the anterior corner extend from the inner margin of the
oheek to the eye. The surface is covered with small folds,
some being paralled to the anterior edge, and forming a
border about 2 millemetres in width, others form a narrow border
to part of the posterior margins, while those in the intervening
space radiating, follow somewhat the outline of the eye. One
or NBW SOUTH WALBS. 219
portioii of the fiunal antore extends in an nndnlating curve from
the upper interior comer of the eye to the outer anterior comer
of the Glahella ; the other portion from the posterior comer of
the eye, extends downwards to the posterior outline of the cheek.
The Thorax contains eleven segments, the central portion or
axis slightly convex and raised a little above the ribs, which are flat
or nearly so. The segments of the axis are nearly straight, de-
pressed anteriorly, the depression having a convex outline pos-
teriorly. There is a linear groove near the anterior and posterior
edges of the segments ; the posterior groove of the one segment
oovers tibie anterior groove of that adjoining. Each segment is
crossed by 10 to 12 folds ranged somewhat concentrically round
a point in the centre of its posterior half. Separated from the
lateral portions or ribs by a sinus 1 millemetre wide, sinus con-
cave exteriorly in the centre, convex at the edges. Outline of
axis convex exteriorly, width greatest in the middle.
The ribs are flat, and straight for the greatest part of their
length, then curved backward, and terminate in a flat daw-
shaped acute angle. In the straight portion there is a linear
groove near the anterior to posterior edges, leaving a somewhat
ragged margin. This depression is continued into the curved
terminations.
As in the segments of the axis, the posterior linear groove of
one rib oovers the anterior groove of the adjoining rib.
The curved portion is shorter and sharper in the segments
that are near the pygydium, and its commencement is marked on
eaeh margin of the ribs by a slight punctation.
The pygydium is nearly flat, slightly raised in the centre ;
semicircular for about two-thirds its length at the anterior third,
sides nearly straight and parallel ; anterior margins slightly pro-
jeetdng in the centre with a linear depression near the margin.
Axis subtriangular, composed of three segments ; component parts
ratlier obscurely marked, except at the edges. Each part de-
pressed anteriorly, and crossed by folds like the .segments of the
axis of thorax. Axis separated from the ribs, fifteen in number,
by a sintis 1 millemetre wide. The central rib is the largest,
that next the line of articulation of the thorax wider at the
«iUuiii*y thn (he nwainder- Tbraa iflw hare the ^peM
of plaiu folded from tbe eunda towwda tbe oentiv. Tba i
Bt*tfria of esdi fo4d nesr th* axis preseau a well defined i
■d^ wlueh faEmmes aiight Mid almoot issenstUe U the nw
The Hartece u ooTcred with three dutiiiot series of i
tb«ee diride the •nr&ce bus tiirae enas, ■■ each of nbied
aeriM uppean mare dktiart thui the otben. The tint
cmniting from tbe external edge, extends lo abont 3 millem
from the margiii ; the lecood soae bn e width of sbont 4 i
iseitrm ; the third occnpiea the remunder of the sorraoe.
lo tbe la»t area the ribs aie citMtaed by twelre or thirteen I
at right angles to the direction of the ribe <m\j to the centre
Tbesp have the appearanoe of being folded from tbe aul
oatline; The next consists of four regnlarlj oarred conce
foldn, ^jpearing to be folded from the exterior lovrards the oc
in the externa] area the folds are less regalar and form pai
ottTTBe of larger radii than the preceding. These appear
as if folded inward. These dtfierent series are not bov
ooaSned to the areas specified, bat extend to the other j
thoogfa tbey are not then so distinct.
This species is oertainly verj distinct from the obaracte
DovoniiiD apeoiee, Bronteiu ftabelliftr, thoogh, from ite fat
pygydium. it well deserves th? name. If appears to be
relftfed if not identicnl with JiriiJr-;!.- PnU^'lii, the pygydiu
which is described by Professor Kooinck. • Except in
actual size, the descrigtion of Profeesav Koninck, as far
goes, applies well enongh to the smaller specimens I
obtained. According to the same author, U. Barraade font
Bohemia Bnmtevi Farleehi in the lower part of the ID
Silurian,
The specimen of Broaieua I have figured (figs. 4, 5, 6, ani
nre most abandant about the middle of the Hame beds, some
however, I have obtained lower, and two specimens in the
bedx.
In the specimens of different sized individnals, there is
nidemblo variation in the proportions of the corresponding |
• Page 57.
or NSW SOUTH WALKS.
221
In tbo pygydinm especially, the smaller sized being longer in
proportion to the breadth, and semi-oval.
In the larger (fig. 8), the outline forms a segment of a
cirde described from the posterior angle of the farrow, separating
the axis from the pygydium. The anterior corners are slightly
voonded in the smaller bat not in larger. 1 do not know, how-
erer, that these variations are of specific valae.
D1MBN8ION8 or Fio. 5: —
Whole length
• • •
60 millemetrea
Breadth of head segment ...
* • •
36
liengtb „
• • •
15
Length of thorax
• • •
18
Greatest breadth of axis
• •
12
Width of Pygydiom
»• •
'
34
Length „ „
* • •
27
Greatest width of GUbella ..
18
Width at base
>• •
• * • *
9
n
l^dth between external edge of
eyes
• • •
18
»>
BXTERENCB TO PlATX 17.
Iflg, 1. — Somaionolust from the lower division of the Home beds (natural
size).
2. — Portion of head segment of Drilobite (twice the natural size) assod-
ated with Bronteus.
3. — Br^ttfeut, partly restored (natural size) 1
4. — „ part of Glabella „ I
8. — „ pygydium, largest found in these beds I
6. — „ portion of Thorax (twiee the natural size) /
7. — Cheirwut (natural size) lower part of Hume beds.
5. — AeiduMpu Brightii (natural size) lower part of Hume beds
9. — Fkmmpt (nattural size), Tass beds.
Hume beds
Description of a new species of Yiyipaba.
By J. Brazier, C.M.Z.S., Corr. Mem. Boy. Soc., Tas., d«., he.
ViVIPARA ALISONI.
Shell ovately conical, smooth, rather solid, white beneath a
greenish-yellow epidermis, whorls A\ ; slightly convex, the last
large, ronndly convex ; nmbilicns small, open, aperture pyri-
formly ovate, peristome thin at the right margin ; base and
eolaaaflft mu^ UMxMd md exteediog ktom tbe body whari
into ft this e*Ihu plsl* juiiMq; tbe spper pArt of the periBlome-
ImgA 10|. fanadtfa 8| Iibm.
V«L, Diamanliiw Uiver, QaeeBakiid.
I bKn Baned (be ipeeies ftA«r lU dtsooverer. Mr. William
AliMtB, Jan., of Wiogxdee, wbo praaented two spedmeos (adoh
KDd yoang) to the Uademy Mnasaa^ Etinbetii B&y-
Od some TeSTUKT Foseilb fram Muddy Creek, Western 7iotoria
By the Rev. J. E. Tcnsos-Woows, F.G.S., F.L.S., Hon. ,
Corr- Mem. Lin. Sob., N.S.W. -J
Plates 20 and 21. ^
The following fossils were obtained from the tertiary beds on
the banks of the Mnddy Creek, a tributary of the Wannon
Kirer, about five miles from Hamilton in Western Victorin
Tbe most of them were gathered for me by Mr. Samoel Pratt
Winttir, whose beaalifnl station of Mnrndal, on the Wannon, is
not far from the locality in question. Some have been in my
ponseMJon for more than sixteen years, and I ironld have pnb-
linlied a nolloe of them lon^ ago. bnt that I nnderatood that all
the miooene foBsils wonld have been foUy desoribed ten yean
since by tbe Victorian Qoologioal Sorrey. This expectation has
been fhulrated by the redaction of the geolt^cal staff of the
colony, and now tbe oifly person eng^ed on Tiotorian paleonto-
logy is Prof. M'Goy, who, in the " Decades," is sioet ably and
utisfaotorily dealing witJi some of the more remaibble speoiefl.
As a very long time mnat elapse before all the larger fttssils are
dealt with, I have thooght it better to pnbliah my own limited
investigatkniB on tbe very small ones. I do this, beoaoaa I am
convinced that the material at my disposal gives me peculiar
sdvantages, especially as I have for tbe last four years been m-
g;aged in <lescribing the small existing species of the soath coast,
end 1 fear risking the loss of the material altogether if I delay
it4< publication any longer. If what I offer is incomplete, I
kmul g«o1ogist« will excuse this incompleteness, in view of tlie
OP HIW SOUTH WALB8. 223
great neoessiiy of doing Bomefching where so much has to be
done, and where there are so iew inqairers.
The fossils now described are all new and peculiarly interesting.
They are not generally like the present Australian fauna, and
tkej are not identical with any fossils of other countries. The
iresemblance of some of them to the common forms of the
rtalian and Vienna miocene is very striking. This resemblance
lia3 already been referred to by Prof. M'Coy, and he has per-
petuated it by giving specific names which will serve to recall
tlio Earopean types. So far as I have examined, the fossils
would iucline one to imagine the sea to have been a warmer one
tlia.!! at present ; but it would not be, as yet, a very certain in-
^ei^^nce to draw from the evidence, which is so incomplete. For
^h.G rest, I have noted in the diagnosis of each species such re-
soKEiblances or peculiarities as are the most apparent, and I will
onlj iidd that the structure, sculpture, and elegance of form of
tile fossil fauna of the Australian miocene far exceed anything
^^^ onr coasts at the present day. I do not enter into the ques-
*iou of the age of the beds. The evidence, so far, is entirely in
^Vf)ar of a miocene horizon. But the miocene of Australia is
^^presented by wide deposits of such thickness that the per
^^x^tage of existing species in the uppermost and lowest beds
^Ust be widely different. The true value of the term miocene,
^ applied to South Australian formations, can only be appreci-
ated when the relative position of the beds in different localities
^ established. Prof. Tate is of opinion that the Muddy Creek
^^e^ are the equivalents of the uppermost of the River Murray
^Hes. I regard them as below the Mount Gambier limestones,
^«dch is the opinion of the geologists of the Victorian survey.
^ far, however, no accurate survey has been made to determine
^^e question, which the following paleonfcological remarks may
^elp to solve. All dimensions in French millimetres.
Triton prattii. PI. 21, fig. 15.
V,t, parva, ttmUde-fusiformif turrita, solida^ nitente : anfr. 7
yprnbryonal, 2, mchms), rotundatis, Ivris spiralibus inaquaUbus
^^*<Heit«, cosHs ohsoleUs rugulosikf et und/ique crehre $iriatUf itrm
r TBI LINKIAN SOCiSTT
ltm^t%tdiyiaUbua amoinnU, mlniilU ; varieibw
alevaiiii ; dpic* obluto, nacleo lavi, rapide ere»eente, eongpievn ;
apertura elliptica, intm dentata, perielomaie produclo, aouto, Idbio
eanepietto, caiiali prtrloitgo, angiuto, reetirvo. AIL 9, lat, 5, nU.
npira. 5 millim.
This is a small Etlmoat tuiretled speoiea, very nmcb of the
chnracter of all our Australia.!! Tritong, and most like one nhich
is peculiar to Australia, T. Qu-oiji, vhicti however though one of
the very amall members of the ganaa, is much larger than thia
fossil. It has all the characters of the genus, the nneqaal spiral
line all finely wrinkled, the obsolete ribs and the conspicuous
varis round the month. It has two important marks of dis-
tinction, namely the smooth obtuse Naiica like nncteua and the
loog narrow Tecvrved canal. The mouth is also somewha'
remarkable, as it is Murex like, dentate and almost entire, and
there does not appear to be any posterior plait on the columella.
For its size its markings are very perfect and neat. It is some-
what like T. paivulum, Michelotti, but is smaller than any living
or fossil form known to me.
I have dedicated the species to Mr. Samnel Pratt Winter,
whose Bt»tian is not far from the Muddy Creek beda, and whose
kindness and hospitalily have enabled me to gain all the know-
ledge I have of them.
Prof. Tate regards this shell as a young Bandla belonging to
the section in which the varices are not continoODS. The speoiea
is allied to one from the Molluccaa.
Pisuiii TEHincosTATA. Plate 20, fig. 6.
P. t. patva, Migvete ovata, ienui, nitente, amfr. 5, (nuefeo .''
AeedU^ eonvexit, parwn declivihiu, crebre liratis ei tenviler sed
valide CTuhernme cosiatit, ita ut iota testa minvtmime el eleganter
retieulala appareat ; coHit tenvibiu (in idt. ajifr. 35), a lirU
juott cooperlis et idea erebre granulatit ; liris Intit, planatis.
approseimatU, intentitiit aqtiantibut, interdwn lirulit paroieritma
interptmlU ; varicibut numeroeii ultimo erelugo 2 vel 3 in omn.
anfr., latii conspicue liratii ; aperluTa ovala, labro variee ittera*-
ioto, labia Uvvi, etcaete definito, canali brevi vias reewvo. Long. 10,
Ut. 5.
OF HEW SOUTH WALES. 2^16
I »
. This fossil is smaller than Triton reHculatufn, BlaixL, of the
YjenDa basin, w&ich is also a Pisania, ihongh wb' Have a living
P. reticulaiuniy Adams, in oar seas. The ATdddjr Creek' fossil is
mach smaller or more ovate ; is shining and decollated in all the '
specimens I have seen. The ornamentation is verj elegant,
arising from verj close fine ribs (there being thirty-five in the
last whorl), over which numerons close flat lines pass so as to
completely cover them with gp*anales. There is only one varix
on the last whorl, which is at the lip ; there are two oh the next
and four on the next. On the fifth whorl of the spire, the ribs
are scarcely granular, and the varices on one iside of the spire
folloTfV one another nearly continuously. The aperture is rather
long and the canal short and scarcely recurved. The columella
lip is smooth, inconspicuous, and well defined.
Fosus ruNiouLATUs. Plate 20, fig. 1.
Tegta parvay dongaio-fusiformi, solida, parum niierUe, tpira quam
apertura longiori, anfr, (nucleo ineluso) 0, parwn eonveoBiB 6t
deelivibus, carinis spvraUbus 5 vel 6, latis, rotwndaUs, solidis cincHaf
lineis quoque longit. inconspicuiSf supra carinas non transeunUhHS,
tviura lata, haud impressa; nucleo lavi, polito, 2 anfr., apertura
ovaia, Idbro varice incrassato, intus lirato, lahio reflexo, tenui, canali
hrevi, recurvo. Long 8|, lat. 3J ; long, spire 5^.
The fossil is small, elongately fusiform, the spire much longer
than the aperture, solid, slightly shining. The whorls, including
the nucleus, are sit in number, slightly convex and sloping,
girdled with from five to six solid, broad, rather raised rounded
keels, between which there are longitudinal raised lines which are
something like rather prominent lines of growth which do not
pass over the keels. The suture is very broadly grooved but not
deep. The nucleus is somewhat swollen and smooth, white and
highly polished. The aperture is ovate, attenuated at the ends.
The labrum is thickened by a varix slightly removed from the
edge. It has lir® inside. The lip is thin, reflexed, and the
canal is rather short bat very distinctly recurved.
This anomabus shell includes some of the characters of Fusus,
Nassa and OUumbeUa.
390 TBz piocRiniiaft or ram usnui •oomr
PteoKOTOM* sA»r»u. PI. 20, fig. 3.
P.t. dengato-ftuifami, parva, Uani, polila; rtn/r, 6, deelivibm,
in medio anyulalU, no<tr*it el uiufuIoM rlriatig ; nodia elevatit
rvhqvaJratit, tilttnu) amfr. tpixaliUr ttriata et UingiCttd. JUtjiom
eormgato ; aperfupa, angitfta, eioagata ; Inbro arnto lentu, »mu
lalo pTofundn, canali Itmgo, parnm reevtvo, atdvra profunda.
Long. 12, lat 4, long. Bpirm 7.
Tin's veiy elegant species is very like P. dimWata of the Paris
basin and Vienna miocene, but it is smaller and the spiral lirro at
the base are distant It is a polished shell with whorls ang;ular
in the middle sopporting a single somewhat distant eeries of
coarse blnnt somewhat sqaare tnberclea. These are exactly on
the line of the sinus, and at each side the lines of growth corve
away from it. The sinna itself is deep broad and somewhat
quadrate. The aperture is long and round rather square -
posteriorly and the canal is long and only slightly curved.
I have named the shell after the christian name of Mr, S. P.
Winter, from whom 1 have received bo much assistance in getting ~
fosails from these beds.
DlPBN&LU OKACiLLiui, mihi (Sec. Proc. Boy. Soc. Tas. 1876,
p. 1015).
Pt. 20, fig. 10 is a representation of a ronch worn specimen of^
this fossil, which is very common at Muddy Creek. The specimenB —
found there are much more solid and thick than those of Tabl»-^
Cape, Taamania, and the spiral groove lese distinct.
Plecrotoui uurndaluna. pi. 20, fig. 5.
P. t. futiforme-turrila, tenvi, nitente; anjr. 9, planatia, pyramida —
(it, carinU Iribus, audferia ornatit, props apieem in medio gramt—^
ton* ; Hrit parvis inter caTtnai el euleoi insiijnitis ; apertura eltm—'
gata, ai'guita, canali prmhngo, redo; basi caneava, lirata; e^
envcellata, ei'jiu profunda, postico, supra carinam gito, lahro tenuis
columella eiieavela, labia exacts definilo. Long. 17, lab 0 ; lon^
*/.ir(B 11, long operturce canali inelmo 7.
This neat little species is distinguished by its long canal ani^
pyrnmiilnl spire. The whorb are flattened, but have thre^
OF mrW SOITTH WALB8. 2127
raised rather broad keels, which are grooved upon the snminit.
It is apon the median keel the sinas is, and it becomes granular
near the saromit, with a rather faint bat regalar Hue of grannies.
Between the keels there are fine thread-like lirsB, sometimes they
are seen in the middle of the groove on the snmmit of the keeL
The cnnal is slender and long, and even slightly recarved. The
base is concave and cancellated. The apex is rather blant, with
a solid smooth nucleus of two whorls. The species has no very
near ally, either recent or fossil. It slightly resembles P. vermu
eularis Gratelonp from the Piedmont and Vienna miocene. It is
also a little like the living P. annulata Reeve, whose habitat is
unknown. R^re in the Muddy Creek beds.
Mangelta bidens. Plate 20, fig. 2.
Jf. t. parva, ovato-fusiformi, iurrita, spiray apert. superanti,
tolidinscula, haud nilenie; anfr, 6, parum decHvibus, supeme
angulaliSj crehre, fleiuose^ inconspicue cosiatis et distanter spirah'ter
liratiSf supra angiUum crebernme striatis et costis ihi curvaiis,
nucho {\\ anfr.) Itsvi, apertura anguste ovata ; labro varies valde
incrassatOy intiis et ad marglnem linea granulorum dentato ; sinu
profunda, lalo, canali brevi, lato, vix recurvo, labio definito, mean'
spicuo,
A small ovately fusiform shell, whose spire exceeds the
aperture slightly, rather solid, not shining. Six whorls, slightly
sloping, angular above, with many flexuous inconspicuous ribs
and distinctly Urate. Above the angle it is closely grooved, and
the ribs are curved. The mouth is very peculiar, on the outer lip
so produced as to give the fossil the appearance of a Strombtis ;
it has a thickened flexuous varix, and there are two rows of teeth,
one on the edge and one within. The sinus is deep and thickened,
and very conspicuous. The canal is broad, short, and only slightly
recurved. Altogether the form is very different from any of our
numerous species of this genqs, though the general character of
its ornameiitatiou is the same. Its relations to any European
fossil seem distant.
Drillia Tkevort. pi. 20, fig. 4.
D. parva, elongato-Jtisiformi, solida, nitente, spira quam apertura
longiorii anfr, S, parum convexisy longiiudinaliter costatis, spvraUter
r TBI LnnrxAir bocistt
erebre, sed regulariter et tequidistanter strialig, sitpenie <
marginatis ; co»lis hrevibus, lalit, rolmidalig, in medio elevatis,
ultimo a-nfr. evanidig ; aperi-ura angiista, elonyala, perisloTRate
valde inercutato ; ginu profando, obliqwi, margins tumido, labro
iolido, oanali brevi, labia encaittto, eiaete definiio. StriiE inere-
mertti valdefiexao»«. Alt. 11, lat. 4, long. fpiVie 7.
This interesting little epeoies which does not appear to be very
common ut Muddy Creek, bears considerable resemblance to onr
existing D. Berawiii, whicb is commoa on the S. E. coaat of
Tasmania It is a fQaiform shell witb the spire much longer than
the apertcre, the whorls are studded with many sbort blunt
tumid ribs, and regularly spirally grooved; they are very dis-
tinctly margined above with a rather broad flat space which is
thickly covered with curved atrite. The ribs disappear oa tbs
last whorl, bat there are very distinct undnlose tinp.s of growth
instead. The aperture is long and narrow with a thickened
raised margin almost all round it. The sinus is deep and oblique
with a swollen edge. The outer lip is thickened and the inner
one is enamelled and exactly defined. The canal is short,
straight, and truncate. The nucleus is emoolh and shining, of
two whorls.
I have dedicated this fossil to Mr. Trevor Winter, who obtained
the greater part of this ootleotion ior me when temporary illness
prevented me from visiting the beds ia person. I am not aware
of any fossU species nearly resembling it
CoKnS BALPHII. PI. 21, fig, 14.
C. parva, angusle ovala, spira elata, soUdiviaula, niUnte; anfr.
nudeo (2) induno, guperne eoneinne elriatig, ad anguhtm angvete
marginoUa et earonatis, gravulis quadratis ; ultimo lineit incre-
fnenli insignito, batim vergtu gpiraliter declivi elriato, aperlura an-
g-asta, nueleo lavi, tumtdo. Alt. 10, lat.'S.
Shell small, rather narrowly ovate, with a somewhat prodnced
spire rising in stages, which are very distinctly granalar, the
granules being square and large. The upper part of the whorls
ia grooved with a few lines, and this grooving extends over the
angle of the last whorl, causing a kind of granular margin.
OF= HEW flOtTTH WALE&. .• ^29
^ There is no other ornamentation on the bodj- whorl, except
about ten spiral striso near the base, but the lines of growth are
very apparent The species is like the Vienna miocene C. exten-
ius Partsch in its young stage, but in that shell the spire is more
acute and longer. In our fossil, the upper part of the whorl
near the suture is faintly channelled. The granules are also
different, and the anterior strisa are more numerous and finer.
Oonus dujardinii is like it in form, and C. cmtedUvvian^M has the
corona more marked with a deep sinus near the suture. Both
* the latter belong to the Vienna miocene. There is noticing at
all like it in the Paris basin ; and we have nothing very similar
existing in Australia but Oonu8 carmeli, mihi, which has the two
last whorls only ooronate, but is distinctly grooved all over, and
is -broader in proportion to length. I have dedicated this inte-
^ resting specimen to Prof. Ralph Tate.
Natica Wintlei, mihi, var. Hamiltonensis. Plate 21, fig. 8.
Testa parva, late ovata, solida^ poUta, anguste umbtlicata ; amfr,
3 ; rotundatis, rapide accrescentibus, striis iticrementi suhregulariter
ienuUer corrugatis; apertura semilunaris Idbro acuto, columella
postiee plus mvmisve callosa ; mnhilico uno sulco lato, corrugato,
vnsignitoy apice vix prominulo. Diam. et alt. 8.
A common fossil at Muddy Creek, mainly distinguished by its
small size. It is polished with very faint signs of the lines of
growth. The callosity is not conspicuous and confined to the
upper part of the columella. The umbilicus is narrow, with a
broad corrugated groove. The aperture is semilunar. The out.
line of the shell is diagonal. It cannot be said to have any
peculiar or marked features, but it does not resemble any in the
Vienna or Paris basins and must mainly be distinguished by its
size, the moderate callus and the very slightly exerted spire.
In deference to the opinion of Prof. Tate, I have referred this
species to my Nati^ca Wintlei described by me in the Proceedings
of the Royal Society of Tasmania, for 1875, p. 23. It is
generally smaller and more globose than the type referred to.
Ancillaria sbmiljivib. pi. 20, fig. 7.
A _pan«t, dongata, fusiformi^ soliday nUente, spiora apert, mquanU ;
anfr. 5| angustis, encaustis^ ita ut sutura et structura sini oceultis ;
Mt uUim. halteo tnediano, lata, duohw anguftis ballets nalidin antics
mar'jinilit ; apertura, eluti'jata, lata ; labro lenni, apica aoulo.
Long, l(j, iut. b^.
Rutltiir common. A eniall narrow eomewliat acato epeclee
differing in this regard in a marked manner from our living A.
avttrali» which in sboi'C and stout and A. m-ucronala which is
blQot Bud muLTonutp. The spire is covered wiih enamel eo as
almoHt to obliterate [he sutui-e. In the last whui-1 the median
belt IB rtithor broad. It i« margined anteriorl; wicb one narrow
thick cord ai.dune broader and less disUnclly defined. PosteHorly
there is one broad belt whose limits are not easily seen as the
suture is so indistinct. The oater lip is thin and the aperture
broad. Behind, the columella is twisted and the inner lip ie very
tndfstinci. Fossil AnciUaria are not uncommon in the Vienna
and PuriH basins, but this small species is more narrow and acate
than any of them.
Prof. Tate remni'lcR that the upecies is commonly about f of an
inch long, and that some of the specimens show the body whorl
to be oolourcd a violet brown.
NlSSi TATEI. Plato 21, fig. 13.
N. parva, ovata, ipira qiiain. apert longiori, snbtwn'ta, tolida ;
anfr. 7. (4 embri/on. ksvib.) eunvexit, eontpicue coslatis et UrU sub
latit, regvlaribitt, ditlaTttAiu, elalhratu; tnlerBlitiw lineis inerementi
ctmtpioue eomtgatis; cmIu {alt. anfr. 12) acutig, subelevatis,
apertura ovata, inttii lirata ; labro variee inerauaio, labia eonspiouo,
refiexo, ezpanco, plica pottica munito ; canali brevi lata pro/undo ;
reemvo. Alt. 7, lat. 3j.
lathis small species there are seven wborls; tbe four .apical
ones being smooth, the rest oancellate, with nnmeroas sharp
raised ribs and transverse fiat lira). The interstices are rather
corragated witb the lines of growth. The mouth is large, with a
broad swollen varix on the labrum. The inner lip is expanded,
with a conspicuous posterior plait. The siphonal notch is deep,
broad, and abruptly recurved, and the throat is lirate. The shell
is in form like our existing Nusga compacta in size and shape, but
that shell is granular ; this in csncellate. It ia muoh nearer to
OF HSW BOITTH WALlft. S81
Mailer's Nasaa tncrasscUa in form but smaller and coarser about
the month, and with a colamellar tooth. N. incrassata belongs to
the Vienna miocene. It is also verj near Deshajes N. tnmcata
of the Paris basin.
Cangellaria varigifsra. pi. 21y fig. 12.
0. t. parvOy ovata, spira eiatay suhacutay va/ricifera, soliday eon^
cinne aculpta; anfr. 5 (embryon, 1| IcBvib,)^ conoexis, hngitucUnaU
tier eostatis, et liris regvlaribus, diatantibus cancellatia, undigue
prmterea longit, t&iiue regulariter crebre striaiis ; costis validia (vlL
anfr, .12), declivous, unduLosis, elevatisy conspicuisy acutis; liris
<Bgualibu8 disiomUbuSf plcunaiis, supra cosias transeuntibvSy sed non
nodosisy sutura profunde impressa; apertura ovaia, inius liratay
antiee canaXiculatay lahro tenuiy columella regulariter triplicata;
varieibus latis elevatis, roiundaiis. Alt. 9, lat. 4^, long spirss 5.
This shell does not appear to be uncommon at Muddy Creek.
In its style of ornamentation it is much like many Australian
forms, but we have no living species with varices. In this res-
pect it is very near 0. Bellardi, Michellotti, of the Italian mio-
cene and Vienna basin (JDescrip. des Fossiles Miocene de Vltalie
septentf p. 225) ; but in that species the plaits on the columella
are irregular. Our shell is smaller, thinner, less acute, and the
varix at the mouth is less pronounced. The longitudinal ribs
are numerous, acute, and somewhat undulating. Where they
are crossed by the lirse they are not nodose, and the lirse them-
selves are distinct, equal, flat, not nearly so conspicuous as the
ribs, and regular, only that sometimes there is a smaller one in
the interstices between the larger ones. Below the columella
the mouth is channelled and the throat is Urate.
CfiRTTHIUM CRIBARIOIDES. PI. 20, fig. 14.
0. t eleganter turrUissimay nitentey graciliy anfr, 14, sensiniy
acerescentibusy roiundatisy elegantissime clathratisy liris spiralihus 4,
Uris longit, paviorib, supra spiral, iranseunt. et ibi nodosis; nucleo?
(decoli.) sutura late impresssay basi planatay spiraliter striaiay wno
funiculo insignittty ad peripheriam anguLatay apertura semilunariy
labro Unuiy eanali contortOy reeurvOm Alt. 19, lat 4^,
THB PBOCXTOIKM DT THB LIirVKUt 80CIBTT
TbiB fossil is a rerj interestnng and new form, diSerisg com-
pletely from every species of the Pan'a or Vienna basins. It is
very beantifully latticed and gracefully slender, in a way to which
lam sorry to say the figare does bat scant justice. It is very
like C. cribari'am, S. Wood (See Monograph of Crag Mollusea in
the Paleontogi^phical Society's pablications, 1818, p- Tl). In
the diagnosis Mr. Wood Hays that the shell ia oruamented with
four to five elevated transverse ridges and decussated with lines
of growth. The base is smooth. In onr fossil the base is also
smooth, except for one elevated ridge near tbe angular edge, bat
the spiral ridges on the whorls are crossed by distinct fine raised
riblets, giving rise to a very elegantly latticed pattern. The
canal is also very mncb twisted and recurved. Altogether it ia a
very perfect representation of 0. eribarium in our Aostralian
tertiary beds.
Gbritbiuu aphkles. Plate 20, fig. 15.
0. i. elongalo-birrila, tubulata, lenui, aordida, parum nitente ,-
anfr. 15 — 18, parwm eonveait, medio obsolete carinatii, et eotiatit,
varieibus inconepicais paitcis imeignitU, undique regvlariter apireUitfir
ttriatiB. SirUi infra earinam dUtam.tib'Us, interatUiw planatit ,-
tupra earinam vera, crehria, interniiiiis fwniculatig. Anfrac. epirce
angulaiit et eoeiaiit ; rmeleo, 3 anfr. l<Bvi. Sutura lata, planata,
m/irginata. Apertara orbieulala; labrotenui; columella, gracili,
contorta ; canali longo, tenui, recurvo. Basi eonaaia, striata, peri-
pheria laimelloaa. Long- 20^30, lat. 6 — 8.
This peculiar form of Gerithium is very common at Maddy
Creek and at Table Cape ; but in the latter locality it reaches a
much larger size. It may be said to be the commonest form of
Cerithiam and almost the commonest fossil. Ita distinguishing
features are that it has only obsolete ribs which are scarceiy per-
ceptible by more than a somewhat rugose aarface, except on the
npper half of the spire ; it has occasional varices, which are not
very conspicuous, and the whole surface is spirally grooved.
There is a kind of obscure keel on the lower whorls which
becomes more marked on the upper ones ; below thta the strife
are distant and rather broad, above they are close, fine, and the
inl^eratices are like little threads, while below the keel thej are
flckt. The month is round, the labmm thin, base striate, concave,
poriphery lamellose, prodaced, canal long, slender, recnrted,
sixtare broad, flat, margined, nucleus of three whorls, smooth.
We have no Oerithium at all like this in our Australian Seas,
I know of no fossil form near it.
Teiporis wilkinsoni. pi. 20, fig. 9.
T. ehngaia, pyramidata, tunrita, tenui, parva, polita ; a/nfr. 12,
dBCiiimbus, convexis, 4 Uneis granulorum cinctis ; sutura canali'
oiulaka, ; emhryon. 8 Icemhus, rotundaiis, apertura quadratay hast
plctnata, unisulcata, radiatim striata, canali hrevi, recurvo. Alt. 7|,
lat.2.
Shell elongate, pyramidal, turretted, thin, small, polished, with
1-2 sloping convex whorls, girdled with four lines of granules,
suture slightly canaliculate. Embryonal whorls 3, smooth and
i^tinded, aperture quadrate, base flattened, with ond groove and
^■^iately striate. Canal short, recurved.
7his species is a good deal like Australian and Tasmanian
'^i^s, except that it is much more turretted and is more
ff'^'anTilar, and yet the granules not projecting. I have dedicated
^^ to Mr. C. S. Wilkinson, F.G.S., Government geologist for
^- S. Wales, who surveyed much of the miocene district near
^ape Otway, and published valuable reports on the subject.
Triforis sulcata, pi. 20, fig, 12.
21 t elongaiO'pyramidataj turritissima, tenui, nitente, anfr. 24,
P^anatis, regulariter costatis, ad suturam uno funiculo spiraliter
^''^nitis et duohus sulcis inoequalibvs, apiralihus cinctis, costis laiis,
P^nm eUvatis ; apertura quadrata, lahro tenui; hasi planata, un-
^^se striata; nucleo (2 aw/.) Icevi^ inconspicuo. Long. 33 1,
lat. 5.
This very beautiful species of Triforis is very distinct from
toy living or fossil. It is very elegantly pyramidal, with
nnmerous whorls, which are rather flat and ornamented with
fliunerous inconspicuous depressed broad ribs. At the suture there
is a rounded spiral line, and, in addition, there are two spiral
2S4 THj FB0CXKDIII6S or rH« ushkah bociett ■
sulci, oue rather broad, shallow, and flat m the centre,
narrower oue above. The number of whorls, and the orr
tation, make it very beaatifnl and graceful. Ic Itaa eom
pesemblances in size and number of whorls to GeTithium int
Deshayea, of the Paria basin, but the diflerenoea are gre;
has no liriug ooDgener at all like it.
TCRBITELLA TBAB3EN»i. PI. 20, fig. 8,
Testa parva, pyrajiiidata, tarrita, tentti, fragili, iiilenle
medio angulatit, 5 carinw eiaelia (2 magnis, Sjiarvis allerna
et oasivlii numentu deelimbat, gmpra earinae nim transf.
elatkralu ; peripheria angulata, margirtata, et bUirata, bin
ala, tpiraliter lirala, tenaixlime transversim ttriala, margin
lata, grantdala ; apertura quadrala, atttiee contpioas prod
angulaia. Long. B\. lat. 3.
Shell small pyramidal, turretted, thin, fragile, shining,
angular in the middle girdled with five keels (two large an
small alternating), the interstices finely latticed with nni
small somewhat stopiug nbs which do not pass over the
The periphery is angnlar, and margined with a doable line o
Iceels. The base is flattened, has spiral lirte crossed wit
fine Btrite, baviog a granular keel at its edge. The apor-
quadrate, being very mnch produced and angular at its
edge.
I am not acquainted with any foasil Turvitella latticed
peculiar manner seen in this species. TuritellatiLsmanica,
is, however, like it, but the suture ia not so strongly mar
impressed, and the cancellation is not nearly so pronounced
latter is a species very common both in Tasmania and
Australia.
TCEEITELLA PLiTTSPIR*. PI. 20, fig. 13.
Tetta aetite pyramidala, turrita, tenv/i, palita ; anjr. 1
planaiii, 3 carinis spiralibut ijicowpieuis, mquidiatantibus,
Bvleo lata, haud profunda, anlice, cinctia; lineU incremeiit
Jlexaoeis,vix visibilibas, sutiira angnsta, parum impreesa; w
aiifr. rotxmdatis ; apertura subquadrala, columella mari
Long. 11, lat. 3.
oar nw SOUTH wixn. 235
This is a Tery comnion fossil at Maddj Creek, and is always
fonnd of small size. It differs from the two small TurnteUa of
Table Cape, Tasmania, in the almost smooth whorls, garnished
with three very inconspicaons keels and a broad, shallow groove
at the lower part of each whorl. T, Warburtonii, mihi, has five
keels, T, Sturiii, mihi, has the keels granular. The latter are
both abundant at Table Cape, and about the same size. In the
larger specimens of this fossil (which is also distinguished by
not being decollated) one notices other small faint lirsB in the
last whorl, especially below the groove. I believe, also, that the
oater lip had a deep sinus.
Thalotia exigua. pi. 20, fig. 11.
T, t parva, tiimide conica, spira elaia^ solida; anfr, nucleo incluso
7, jihnatis, lineis 5 granulorum cinctis ; sutura vix impressa ;
^pertura quairata, columella recta, fatoce antice lirata, incrassata ;
hiispiraliter granuloma; nucleo 1 anf. Uevi, niiente. Long. 6|,
lat. 3i
This fossil is very like the common Thalotia conica, Gray, of
iibe sooth coast, except that it is very much smaller and has the
aperture thicker in proportion. There are rows of granules in
each whorl, and these are small, leaving spaces in which there is
sometimes a fine raised line. There is another fossil Thalotia in
^ Tasmanian tertiary beds.
Minolta strigata. Plate 21, fig. 7.
If. turbinatO'Conoidea, parva, tenui, nitente, strigis rufis aUqua/ndo
^ignita, late, perspective umhilicata; dnfr. 5, ntedio conspicue
^rinatis, supeme angulatis, coronaiis, undique distanter striatis ;
inter coronam et suturam late planaiis ; lineis Incrementi decUvibus,
^tilligsimis ; granulis coronce latis, acutis. Ultimo anfr. ad peri'
pheriam angulato et carinato; basi loevi, planata; umbilico granulis
^spicuis marginato, inttts corrugato. Apertura vix integra,
(ifbiculata. Alt. 6|, diam 6^.
This very pretty little species which often preserves its former
Coloring in faint reddish streaks is rather common in the Muddy
Creek beds. It in snme respects resembles our M, vectiliginosa,
Menke and Af.aw^wZa to, Adams. The main difference is the coronate
angle at the upper part, of the whorls where they become flst to
the sntare. The nmbilicuR is margioed with a coospicnona
beading of ronnded graDules. It is safficiently related to iti
AustrHlian congeaers to entitle it to the name of being Ans-
traliAD or allied to oar tiring fauna, bat I cannot fiad aQything
liks it amongst the foseila of Borope or America.
LiOTiA LAMELLOSA? mihi. Plat* 21, fig. 5.
L. I. orbiculala, soUda. ubique cotispimte dallirala, eogtii lonp'
iitdiitialibitg gupra eotlas tpiralih. trafse'antibui!, et ihi eucuUoA'i
mtefiUiili orehre, eleganler, longiiudinaliter liralU. Anfr. 4, leniin
aecresoerUes ; apertara varicibuK duobut valde incraesala et hila
biata; umblico parvo ; apioe planalo,lisvi. Alt. 5, diam. 6^.
This species is not uncommon Bi Muddy Creek. It is tw]
alose to JAotia Auntralis; and I qaeation very much if it bi
distinct from the species described by me as L. lamelloia,'
from the Table Cape beds. The latter, however, was only lal
the size of this. Ila general character is decidedly near to rasn;
Australian forms. One peculiarity in it is the two varices ronm
the aperture. They are close, rather thiu, and soulpfcared lilt
the whorls.
I append Prof, Tate's note on this foBsil He says, "Thi
may be yonr species of Table Cape, but it is not identical nit
the living one of the name. The differences observable betwee
the now living examples and the foaails are the subquadrat« ontt
whorl, more depreRsed form and more numerona trans vers
oostcB of the living. More than twenty fosail examples agree!
the rounded outer whorl and more open tessellated omamen
As the species was instituted for the fosail form the rcceut allie
should be reoamed." This suggestion 1 think I would pp
risionally, at least, adopt and name the recent species Liot
mbquadrala. The species was inadvertently omitted from n
" Census of Tasmanian shells."
Solarium acutdm. PI. 21, fig. 11.
S. t. parva, depressa, discoidea, t&iiai, nitente ; anfrae, 4, omn*
planalit, Ivrattg, ad mivrgines duobug Krit majoribTU gramui*.
■ Proceedings Bo;. Roo. Tas. 1376, p; 96.
op HXW •OUTS' WALS8. 887
impntiti ad peripheriam clcuHs ; ha$i in medio conspieue eonvexa,
iemtUer luoia ; timhUico oosMie et liris granulosis in lineis 4tvd 6
mr^ata, Aperiura transversim ovata. Alfc 1^, diain. 6.
This fofuril is not very common. It is easily distinguished by
; ill Tety small size and depressed form and very acute periphery,
where the edge of the shell is produced into a sharp projecting
keel The upper surface is distinctly Urate, and the edges of each
whorl margined with rather broad granular lines, two or three in
nomber, the central one where there are three, being much
•mailer. The under side is abruptly convex in the middle, and
ftiotly lirate. The umbilicus is broadly margined with three to
five spiral lines of granules or riblets, varying in size and forming
ft ?ery elegant pattern. In the figure of this shell on Plate 21,
tiie side view and base with the umbilicus are represented. The
nicies is not like any existing or fossil, its nearest representative is
- J. mdXegranumf Lamarck. Prof. Tate infprms me that this
iHecies reaches nine-tenths of an inch in diameter, and that then
tte ornament is slightly difiPerent.
SoLAEiUM Wannonbnsis. PI. 21, fig. 10.
8X parvay discoidea, supemeplanaia, infra parum convexa, nitente;
-M/l*. 3|, undique striatis et granulosis, sed utrimque moniliferis,
Bdwra eanaliculata; hast oblique transversim striata, umhilico
Mmi Uneis ^anvlis majorihus drcumornato, Apertura orlnculata,
' ftristomeUe tmdulato, antioe et postice alato, Diam. 3|, alt. 1.
k small flat discoid shell with a canaliculate suture and the
[ whoris bordered at each side with a line of granules besides
Uag striate and granular throughout. The upper surface is
1st and the lower slightly convex with smaller granulations and
tendes the spiral strisd a very close series of oblique radiating
ilm. The lip is undulating from the raised lirsd of the whorls
ising hollow nnderneath. The aperture is perfectly round, but
tlie peristome is spread at the columella above and below into a
Und of aliform expansion. The umbilicus is margined with three
iMws of large granules and is channelled inside each whorl.
•Xba species is very like 8, canaUctdatum of Lamarck only much
nnaller.
THX PBOOIBStHM OV TBV LIKKSAS lOCrSTT
Professor Tate informs me that lie has several speciTrens from
the Marray River, where it doubles the size of the figured
specimen.
Adeorbis aster, pi. 21, fig. G,
A, I. minuta, ilitcoiJea, euperna vlaaata, g'lhlue ennveja, laU,
prr-peclive umhilio-ita. nilente ; anfr. S.uudulote iirialit, ad peri-
plteiiam aaate atigahla et lamellia latis denUlormibiia aimnlis,
tahlua medio obtuse cariaatia, Ixvibtu; nucleo dc-pr.Mo, umbiiico
liaud ornato.
This is A minute discoid shell, which ia flattened or even de-
pressed above and very convex below. It has a very wide and :
Bolariam-like umbilicus, which has no granules or ornsmeulaliun,
and the base is convex with an obtu.se keel. The edge ff the
whorls is very acute, having broad sen-ated spinous lamellse. It |
does not appear that there is any fossil or existing species like it.
Adeokbis acutickbinat*. pi. 21. fig- 9.
A. t. pOTva, dueuid-a, ten-ai, nitmtle, depre'sa ; (itifr. i, atule
mullicarinalis, magnia si yaivU aliernaHlibits, eed in ultimo ianlwrn;
spira 2 pTieaipuis ii'signilu, gulura lata aincava et ifnui sM'ila ;
aperlura orbictilata; umbUico litlo, peripeciivo, pro/undo, corrut/ato.
Diam. 4, alt 1£. '
There is a fossil in the Norwich crag ivhich is something like
this shell in its general form^A. tricarinataa, S, Wood (Pale-
onlographical Society's Publicalion for 18l8. Monograph of
Crag iloUusca, by Seai-les Wood, p. 138), Turbo sulcilerus.
Lamarck, from the Paris basin, also resembles it. It is a small
discoid shell, very smooth and shining, with between seven and
eight sharp keels (four large, and three or four small) on the
last whorl, and two on the spire. Between the keels the shell is
deeply hollowed. The suture is ia a broad groove, which is
striated. The aperture is not entire, bat almost united; ihe
umbilicus is broad, perspective, and corrugate. I am not ac-
quainted with any shtU at all like it in the Australian seas.
Trociiita tdrbinata. pi. 21, fig. 1.
Tejta Ivrbinfila, teaui, haud nitenir, opaca, anjr. IJ, rolundatii
rapide creecenlibtit, lineii incremenli parum Mnvgalis et ienu-Uer
striatit ; apice exaerto ; aperluTti mborbiciilata, labro tenui, colu-
or VXW SOFTH WALIS. tS9
meRa XameUosa^ expansa^ eonspieue concava, radiatim ndcatay pottice
reflexa, wnhUieo parvo formanti. Diam. 9|, alt. 8, long, apert.
6i, lat. 5|.
A turbinate thin shell, opaqae and not shining, with 1| rapidly
increasing whorls which are slightly corrugated here and there and
finely striate with the lines of growth, apex exsert, aperture sub-
orbicnlate, labrum thin and extended, columella lamellose, ex-
panded, conspicuously concave, radiately sulcata, reflexed poste-
riorly so as to give rise to a narrow umbilicus above.
This Trochita seems very distinct from every fossil form
because of its few rounded turbinate whorls. It is quite diflPerent
from our Australian species, which is depressed. It occurs at
Table Cape as well as the Muddy Creek.
TORNATINA INVOLDTA. PL 21, fig. 4,
The specimen figured, which was the only one I have seen, has
been crushed by accident since the drawing was made, so that I
am unable to furnish any details, except that which the figure
affords.
Leda inconspicda, Reeve. Plate 21, fig. 3.
This shell is described by Beeve as from Australia, but I am
not acquainted with it from anything but his description and
figure. It is not known to collectors in New South Wales, Tas-
niania, or New Zealand. The fossil form corresponds so exactly
with Reeve's species that I cannot separate them. Prof. Tate
thinks the species cannot be distinguished from L, crehrecostata,
described by me in Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania, 1876, p. 112.
Leda Huttonii. Plate 21, fig. 2.
L. t parva, depressa, tenui, fragili, polila, transversim elongato
pynformij concentrice rugose irregulariter striata et late sulcata,
htere posiico valde product^, et parum oblique truncato, angulato^
(ttigulo ohtusOy area postangulari sulcata ; latere antico hrevi, rotuw
daio, deniihus numerosis acute angulatis.
The peculiar feature of this fossil is the length to which the
posterior side is produced and its very slightly oblique obtuse
»nd. The concentric strise are irregular and appear to be
J
■HtJ 1
derived from tlie lines of growth only. The shape of I
depressed and flnt,, iiDd the teeth are nuraerous and ver;
angular. It differs from all our living species.
The above thirty species is rather less than half thoe
by me. I propose returning to Ihe description of the
cosrsa of a month or so. The most of the figarea a
drawn on stone, and tbo diagnosis will receive my earlii
It will be observed that I do not touch on the Mi
which at present occupy the attention of Prof. Tate
written a most interesting memoir upon them.
Explanation uf Plates 20 ahd 21.
Platfl 20.
Fig. l.— Fusus funieuUtut.
„ 2.—Mavgeli-i bidans.
„ 3. — Fleurottima SoniKeli.
,, 4. — Drillia Treiioni.
„ 6. — Pleierotuma Muntdaliana.
„ 6. — Fisania tenuicstaia.
„ 7. — Anmilarict gemilcevie.
„ H.—TurriteUa transenna.
„ 9.—TnprU WUkina(mii.
„ 10. — Vaphnella graciUima.
„ ll. — Thalotia extgva-
„ 12.— TH/'iris svlcala.
„ 13. — Twritella plaiijepira.
„ 14. — Ceriihium cribarioidei.
„ 15. — Oerithium wphelen.
Plate 21.
Fig. 1. — Troehita turbinala.
„ 2. — Leda inconepicva.
„ 3. — Jjyda EtiUonii.
„ 4. — Tcinatina involuta.
„ 5. — Iiiotia lamellota.
„ 6. — Adeorbia alter.
„ 7. — Monilea atrigata.
„ 8.— A'aiic'', WinUeivar. Eamiitoneneie.
„ 9. — Adeorbis acalicarinata.
„ 10. — Solarium wannonennis.
„ 11 — - Aolaiiiim aeul-um,
„ 12, — Oanceilaria varieifera.
„ 13.— A'oMa Tatei.
„ 14. — O'onui lialphU.
„ 15.~TriUm, Prattii.
OF KBW SOUTH WALB8. 241
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE ZOOLOGY OF NEW
GUINEA.
Parts I and II.
^7 E. P. Ramsay, F.L.S., Curator of the Australian Museum,
Sydney.
C^ontaining a Hst of the Mammals (part I) and Birds (part II)
obtained during Mr. Goldie's second Expedition to New Guinea,
collected by Mr. Qt)ldie, the leader of the Expedition, and Mr.
-^^©x. Morton, a collector from the Australian Museum, with
descriptions of some new birds recently forwarded to the Museum
^y ^r. Kendal Broadbent, from the same localities.
Ixx May, 1877, the Trustees of the Australian Museum des-
pQ-tohed one of their collectors, Mr. Alexander Morton, to New
^^ixxea ; an opportunity having offered for him to accompany
'^^- Andrew Goldie, who was starting to explore the South
^^stiem portion of that great island, on behalf of R. B. Williams,
®9-9 of Holloway Place, London.
The following notes, then, are on the collections made by
■^*-ox^on, and most of the remarks on the localities and habits of
'^^ tirds are from his note book.
-Mir. Gx)ldie has also very liberally placed at my disposal the
'^ large collections of mammals, birds, and reptiles made by
^^*^self and his collectors, Messrs. Shaw and Blunden, which is
^^^hout doubt the largest collection of Natural B^story and
^^huological specimens yet made in those parts.
^A^r. Ingham and Mr. Kendal Broadbent have also been col-
^^t:ing on the South East Coast, and as a portion of their col-
^^otions has been forwarded to me, I am enabled to enumerate a
^'W- additional species ; a full account of this collection will be
^Ven in another paper.
Mr. Goldie's collection is by far the most important yet made on
^he South East Coast ; and although not containing many new
species, yet from the large number of specimens which it contains,
242 THR FKocKSDisoi or thb linneait bocieit
I am enabled to throw aome light on the distribution of the species
in that district; and in thia respect, I have aUo found Morton's
notes of great interest as lo localities, and other details respecting
the habits of the birds in his collection.
Mr. K. Broadbent, having succeeded in getting a considerable
distance inland, enables me to add some important new species to
the list ; the total nnmber of birds examined amount to abont
2,500.
Very few 68hes, and only two or three reptiles were obtained :
amongst the latter, only one, which I believe to be new, a fresh
water tortoise belonging to tbe genus Ohelodina.
The fishes, reptiles, and remarks on the Ethnological col-
lection, which is very eitensive, I shall have for another paper.
The first part of the present oommunioation contains a list with
remarks on the mammals, the second is devoted to the birds.
PART. 1. MAMMALS.
1. — Sns FiPOENsis, Gray.
Tbe wild Pig is quite distinct from thoae now usually kept in
domestication by the natives, bnt the young are sometimes
oaoght, and when tamed, allowed to roo abont the villages.
They are longitudinally striped with brownish yellow.
2.— Cakis familiabis, vor. papdensis.
Tbe dogs nsed by the natives are of various colors, nsaally
yellowish with tihort ears, and small brushy tail. They have the
pecnliarity of being unable to bark, properly so-called ; bnt this
deficiency is fully compensated by the propensity of uttering a
most dismal howling at most inappropriate times. The specimen
sent down by Mr. Goldie in spirits nnfortnnately arrived in a
very bad state, bat Mr. Morton and Mr. Sroadbent inform me
that the nenal height is abont 12 to 16 inchoe.
3. — Ptbbopds cOMSPiCit lathe, Gould.
This species is apparently common towards South Cape and
at Contance Island, ireqnenting the fig trees, on the fmit of
which they usually feed. — (Ooldie, Mmtmt, Broadbent).
OF raw SOUTH WALBS. 243
4. — Rhinolophus gp.
One specimen only, not in good state, and which I have been
*s ^efc nnable to determine. (Mr. Goldie's collection),
5. SCOTOPHILUS NIGROQRISEUS, OoulcL
^yne specimen obtained by Broadbent, which does not appear
^ i3ae to difiFer from the Australian examples.
6. — Taphozous, sp.
Spocimens from Broadbent*s collection. Under surface ashy
^tiit;^, back brown, wings and face black, otherwise the same as
th^ Cape York examples, from which it may prove to be specifically
dififeirent
7. — Harpya cephalotbs, Pallas,
^^xie specimen, obtained by Broadbent, at Heath Island. Is
^" S'^tly different from the Cape York specimens, and also from
tno***^ (JB^. major, Dob.) from the Duke of York group.
8. — Belideus ARIEL, Gould,
Le Port Moresby specimens differ only slightly in the tint o*
^^^^"CiTring in the fur, being slightly more yellowish than the N. S.
^ ^.les examples. This species is closely allied to, if not identical
^"^^fc. JBeUdetM hreviceps, Waterhouse. (Goldie, Broadbent).
9. — CUSCUS ORIENTALIS.
-^His species was not obtained in the immediate neighbourhood
^ I*ort Moresby, but some miles inland. Several specimens
^^ire collected by Mr. Goldie during his trip to the South East,
*^©i»e they seem to be the common species. I find no material
JT^^i^nce between these specimens and those from the Duke of
^^^k Islands, collected by the Rev. George Brown, of which the
^^Qnm possesses a large series. Morton and Broadbent
^^iued it on the Laloki River.
10. — CUSCDS CHRYSORRHOUS VflW. OOLDIEL
^tr. Gt)ldie has sent a very fine pair of this, perhaps the
^^^^gest species known — a description of the female of which I
^'ve given -in the P.L.S. of N.S.W., vol. I., p. 395.
Ths dmIc rMembU* thW sex of C maevlaia from Cape York,
Bod U Iftrgtfl; marked irith irregular nhite blotches on a duU.
brown ground. Tho feet, face, aod ramp »re rustj red or of a
yellowish FDSt txAaat, in some darker than in others. A waxy
MNrrwlrioD near itie testes is collected by the natives, and being'
rolled up with tho leaves of a species of Salvia is kept as a Bcent
btt^, nhd worn aboal the person. Bro&dbeat obtained a fine
NoripH of this species abont 30 miles inland From Port Moresby.
II.— Macbopdschasbipes, fiiimBay, P.L.^-.N.iS.ir.,*™/. J,y. 162
Tbio is the common species abont Port Moresby.
(OoldM, Morion, BroadbeHi) ^h
12. — Dkndrogalcb, »p. ^^
A Kpecics of Dtfndrogalut waa met with apon two occasions,
hut only ono specimen haa been obtained, which ia, I believe, in
Mr. Quldio'a ooUcotian.
hoc, East Cape, BUtnden and Goldie. Ooldie Biver, Broad-
hmt.
13.— Pkrahelbb HoueBOKsis, Btmtag, P.L.S., N.S.W.,
Vol. 2 p. 14.
On* tiirifp epociinen in Morton's collection measures ; —
Tolnl lrn>;tli to nwl of tail. 15 in, ; from snont to ear, 82 in. ;
Mt Ay*, r3Jt; fore foot Mid toes, 1*6; hind foot and toes, 16;
toil, 6 in. One yonng one in spirits obtained bj Broadbent
i* rtf it)>pM«nt1y th« same species.
fj/Mv,, Port liloi«shy, Laloki River, Ooldie Birer, &e. *
U. -R(ilin»\ {Ta^hffghsstu) uwssi. Ramuay, FJLS., N.S.W.,
Vol. 2 p. 32
Mf. tVftlilNk MM frircnnatc enongl) to obtain ftom tbe luttaTes
(litvi^ s1XV>;tiw»tis, bill nnfortnnaiely preserved only the atnfied
nVins, srt )hst 1 lisvc rio opportunity of adding any fnrtber in-
1 my previons paper. The natives
lonj: artiicle of food.
■ mv 1- '■,' i".i'.iii< l.nr. thr iti!>i-n«Kr\ bv Mr. K. Braadbfon al ■ -TBCj luj«-
OF NBW SOUTH WALES.
245
Total length to root of tail..
,, „ of head
Snout to eye
ff vO eax... ••• .•. •••
Length of tail (free portion)
Fore foot, «• M
Length of mid toe nail
Breaidth of do. do
Hind foot from spar
Length of longest (2nd) toe nail
Length of spur
Length of longest qoill in tail ..
No. 1.
No. 2.
No. 3
... 16in
12 in
12-6
4-3
4 in
4-0
2-4
215
2-3
4-3
4 in
4-3
0-9
06
0-8
1-2
1-2
1-2
0-9 to 0-95
115
11
0-35 to 0 5
0-3
0-3
1-5
1-3
11
1-2
116
1-2
• • •
0-36
—^^
2-0
1-8
1-6
PART II.-AVES.
The works referred to in this paper are Count Salvadori's
nmerous ornithological contributions to the Anuali del Museo
ivico di St. Nat di Genova, also his Prod/romus Omithologice
^apuasicB et Moluccarum^ I. to V. ; Mr. R. B. Sharpens Gontrihu-
"ions to the Ornithology of New Guinea, Papers I, II, and III, in
he Journal of the Linnean Society, Zoology, vol. XIII ; and I
ave also referred to some former papers of my own on the same
^^ubject, published in previous numbers of this Society's Pro-
^^laeedings.
I find, of the 200 species here enumerated, 78 of them are also
^mdigenous to Australia, and, if we add the Australian species
^from the lists of birds obtained by Signer D'Albertis, and by the
^^Alacleay Expedition, we find the number common to the Aus-
^Cr^ralian and South East coast of New Guinea, to be 143 species.
ACCIPITRE8.
FALCONID^.
1. — Haliabtds leucogaster, Gm.
Shwrpe, Gat, Ace. J, p, 307 ; Gould, Bds. Aust. fol. vol, J, ph 3.
This fine sea-eagle was met with occasionally on the coast. On
^i^ne occasion Mr. Goldie was fortunate enough to obtain its eggs
from an immense nest, composed of about a cartload of sticks
^nd placed on a rocky islet near the coast ; a fine adult bird in
:full plumage was obtained by Broadbent.
B4B THE PBOCBBBINOB OF THB LINMl
2. — Haliabtck oibrekbra, VieiU.
Sharps, Oat. Aec. I, p. 315.
H. loQOOsternnB, Gould, Bds. Aiist., fol. vol. J, pi. TV.
This fiah-iiawk was met with only on tw
the ooUecticin contains five Bpecimeaa, in no way different
from thoBe of the New South Wales coast
3. — HaLIASTCR BPHEKOK03, YieilL
Shnrpe, Oat. Aee. I, p. 316; Gould, Handbk. Bds. Aunt. vol. I, p. 20.
Common at Port Moresby, and all along the coast,
4. — Baza reinwardtii, MvU. and Sckh;i.
Sharps, Joum. Linn. Soc. Zool. XIII, p. 400 ; id. Oat. E. I, p 359,
B. Btenozoa; Ramsay, P. L. Soc. N.S.W., vol. I, p. Z87.
One very fine adult male from Broadbent's collection, shot
inland on the Lalolti River; it a.greea with Mr. Sharpe'B descrip-
tion (Oat. of Bde. I, p. 350) of B. reimwardtii, bat ie moat cer-
tainly different from the New Ireland species, which Dr. Sclater
places under the same name. P.Z.S., 1877, p. 100.
The Port Moresby bird has five distinct black bars on the
baaal portion of the tail, and the apical third of the tail black on
the central two feafhprs, diminishing' iu extent on the re-
mainder, until on the outermost feathers it forms a swi-terminal
band, the black basal bands are margined on both sides with
white on the inner weba of the feathers of the upper surface,
which are while at the extreme base. All the bars extend
right acroSB the feathers oo the upper surface, but none do so
on the under surface, except in the centre two feathers ; the
breast, flanks, upper part of the ikight, and centre of abdom&ti
are banded ; the primarJea and most of the secondariea are
banded right across on all, except at the base of the aecondaries;
in our New Ireland birds the primaries are not crossed
altogether, and the bands are confined more to the tips of the
feathers, the bands on the base of the tail are different in form,
and the apical half of the tail is black.
5.— MiLvus AFFiHis, Qould, P.Z.S. 1837., p. 140.
I have only seen two speoimens of this hawk from the New
OF 9XW SOUTH WALB8. 247
Oainea Coast, they are of a darker race than those usuallv met
with in Australia.
6. — Hbnicopbrnis lonqicauda, Oamot, Voy. Goq. I, p. 588, pi 10
(1826) ; Sharpe, Gat Birds J, p. 341.
Milvus striatns, Biggies, M,S,S, III. AusL Omith,
One specimen only from Mr. Broadbent's collection.
Loc,^ Laloki River.
7. — Machcbrhamphus alcinus. Western.
Sharpe, Cai. Ace. J, p. 342.
A fine pair, male and female, of black hawks belonging to
this species were procured on the Laloki River, on October 16,
1877. No information on their habits or nidification was
obtained.
There is no sign of a crest of any kind on either specimens,
otherwise they resemble M. alcinus, {Western) in having the
abdomen and flanks brown — with the base of the feathers white.
There is however a distinct white collar on the back of the neck,
the feathers on the central portion of the collar tipped with
black. The feathers of the head, neck, shoulders, and inter-
scapular regions are chiefly black ; throat white, with a blackish
patch on either side, and a stripe of black down the centre; lower
portion of the chest white in the centre, the upper portion
mottled with black and white ; legs and feet bluish grey, bill
black, iris yellow, ^ total length 17*3 inches, wing 13*2, tail 7*3,
tarsi 2*1 ; middle toe 1*7, its nail 0*7, slightly serrated at the
base of the inner margin ; hind toe 0*8, its nail 1 inch. $ total
length 17 inches, wing 12*8, tarsus 2*3, bill from forehead 0*8,
fit>m gape 1*5, cnlmen 0*9. The female in this instance, contrary
to what I expected, is slightly smaller than the male.
8w — AcciPiTER ciRRHOCEPHALUs, Vieill, N. Diet, d' Hist. Nat. X. ,
p. 329 (1817) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. I. p. 141.
Only one specimen of this hawk was obtained, some distance
inland on the Laloki. The rufous tint on the side of the neck is
not continued on the back of the neck ; there are other minor
differences which can scarcely be specific. The back is of a
dearer blue grey, and the rufous of the under sarfaoe deeper in
tint than in the Australian specimens ; the bill ia larger, the
under tail-auverts white and the wings and tail shorter.
9._AsTCit SBAUPEi, Eamtay, RL.S. W.S.lf., HI, p. 173
Aatur craenfcna ; Ska^-pe, Jour. Linn. Hoc. Zool. XUI, p. 4?8.
Several specimoas obtained, forming a good aeries of adults
and young, in which the oharact eristic marldngs of the immatare
birds of the genus are well exhibited.
This apedes takes the place of Anlur approximans of Aus-
tralia, and in actions and habiti is much the same. It seems to
be universally dispersed over the whole of the south-eastern
portions of New Guinea.
10. — AsTDU LECcosoMos, SlMTpe. Cat. B. J, p. 119 (1874),
One specimen only, obtained in Torres Straits — an adult male,
in snnw white plumage, iris reddish yellow.
PANDIONES.
11.— PaSDION r,EDC0CEPHAL08, OoitM, P.Z.f^. 1837, p. 138 ;
Sharpe, Cat. of B. J, p. 4.51.
One specimen only obtained This species is however common
in the Straits and on the South Coast of New Guinea. ^1
STRIGES.
Fam. STRIGin.^
12.— Steix DELicATDiJi, Oould., P.Z.S., 1836, p. 140.
This species appears to be not rare about Port Moresby.
Specimens were contained in every collection made at this place.
The young are mostly covered with white or creamy down, bat
before they are six months old attain a spotted plumage similar
to the adults.
13. — NiNOX DiMORPHA, Salvad. Ann. Mat. Civ. Qenov. VI, p. 808.
In Mr. Goldie's first collection there was a species of Ninox,
a fledgling, which 1 previously described in the Pr. L. Soc.
of N.S.W., vol. I., p. 338, and respecting which I regret no
further information has been obtained; however, I believe this
to be the yooBg of Niniix dimorpha, of which we have received a
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 249
specimen from Port Moresby. I may here mention that Ninox
odiosa of Sclater, and my Ninox novoe-britannicB are two very
distinct species ; both birds have been examined and compared
^y me before N, odioia was sent to Dr. Sclater. See P.L.S. of N.
S. W., I., p. 369. How the editors of the Ibis could come to the
conclusion that both these species, {N, odiosa and N. novce-
^f^tunnice) were the same, I cannot imagine. I do not suppose
they took the trouble to compare the descriptions.
14. — Ninox albomaculata, sp. nov.
Tills species agrees for the most part with Mr. Sharpens des-
cHption of N, ocellata, Homb. et Jacq. (Cat Bds. IL, p. 170),
pai^ieularly in the large white spots on the scapulars and wing
coveirts. All the upper surface is of an earthy brown tint, head
nniForm without streaks, upper tail-coverts and outer webs of the
tail feathers tinged with fawn color, some of the former with con-
ce^le^i spots of white on the outer webs, tail dark earthy brown
'^^h six to eight faint ashy bars, the outer feathers on either side
'^^^^tly notched on the outer webs with white on the fulvous
°^^^gin; in other respects like N. ocellata as described by Mr. R.
• Sliarpe (ic. p. 170) ; bill dark horn color ; feet brown 1
Total length 16*6 in., wing 10*2 in., tail 6*1 in., tarsus 1*5, bill
-*-^, culmen 1*36. The only skin is in such a bad state that it is
^"•^xtio impossible to describe it accurately.
-^^^om the Laloki River, without sex, but probably a female.
15. — Ninox unddlata, sp. nov.
^liis species is not unlike N, rufa of Gould, but is altogether
^^^Her. It approaches N, humeralis, (Homb. et Jacq.) Sharpens
^^'^ of Birds, II, p. 180) ; but on the whole diflPers so much that
^ink it should form the type of a new species, which I propose
^^ficribe under the name of N. wndulata,
-^ciult Male, All the upper surface dull, dark chocolate-brown
^'^sversely Urred with narrow lines of light fulvoas brown,
'^^^tning almost white on the rump, scapularies, and outer webs
^ Some of the greater wing-coverts which are tinged with
^^fcxis ; feathers at the base of cere, and the lores, white with
L ukck shafts ; feathers on forehead whitish at the base, but barred
like those of the head, ear ooTerts blackifih brown ; vibrisMB long
black, peaching to the outer margin of the culmen ; the coverts ol
the Bhoulders and margins of the winga, very dark brown, th(
bars scarcely visible, the median and greater coverts of a mnolr
h'gJiter brown, nod the bara almost white on some of the ootei
webs, primary coverts blackish brown, no bars visible ; qnillt
blacfcish brown with 6 or 7 bars of a lighter tint, the bars palei
towarda the tips of the secondaries; under coverts falvoos, darkest
on the edges and shonlders, all closely barred with dark fulvona
brown, tail blackish brown with 8 or 9 brown bands lightest at
the base, nnder surface tinged with ashy, Bnd the bars less
defined ; all the nnder surface barred with light rafoas brown oi
fulvous, the interspaces and base of the feathers creamy white:
the folvoos bars, bounded on either side with a narrow Wackisl
brown line, usually four bars on each feather. The bars have
more fawn or yellowish fulvous tint, having lost the narrow brow-
conterminous borders on the abdomen and flanks, where ttr
bases of the feathers are white ; legs fulvous sparingly barre
with brown; under tail coverts white, fulvous towards the enr
and there crossed with three or four broken hastate bands
fulvoQS brown; feet yellow, bristles orange; bill bluish h* t
colour at the base, white at the tip; eyelid bluish, iris yellow.
Total length 16 to 18 inches, wing 11-5 in., tarsus 1-5, m-m
too (s.u.) 1-7, ita claw 12 ; hind foe 1 in., its daw 1 in., tail 8'&
In the wings the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th qnills are neaf <
equal and longest, the 7th nearly eqoal to the 3rd. From AAi
Broadbent'a collection.
PICARI^.
{Pnttad).
CACATUID^.
16. — CiCATDA TRITON, Temm.
I believe I am correct in assigning the small white cockatoo
(otherwise like 0. galeriia) to this species.
They were found in large flocks throughout the district. Th(
crest in this species is proportionately larger than in 0. ffalerUa,
OP NBW SOUTH WALB8. ^l
NASITERNINiB.
17.— Nasitkrna pusilla, Eamsay, P.L.8., N.8,W. vol. n,p.l06,
1 have considered the birds from Port Moresby distinct from
the New Ireland species on accoant of their smaller size, lighter
clieeks and deeper blae on the crown of the head. Mr. Goldie
obtained the original specimen on the Laloki Biver in 1876, and
Mr. Morton was fortunate enough to fall in with it near the same
place in October, 1877.' They traverse the stems and thicker
branches of the trees in search of food in small flocks of three
to five in number, chattering as they creep along, more like mice
than birds, thin, stiff, pointed tail-feathers pressed close against
the tree while at rest form a good support. In some of their
actions they resemble the Sittellce, and their long toes seem
specially adapted for this mode of progression ; iris brown, legs
*nd feet lead color, bill dark horn color. Broadbent met with a
ti^up of about twelve or fourteen in number, creeping over a nest
^^ TemiUea, built on a large branch of a tree in the scrub.
PSITTACID^.
18. — Aprosmictus chloropterus, sp, nov.
-^dult male. The head and sides of the neck, throat, and all
^he under surface deep rich crimson, the under tail coverts
"blackish blue at the base, the tips crimson, tail black above and
"^^ow, the outer webs above blue, those of the central feathers
^^ged with green; nape, and hind neck, and a few adjacent
^^athers on the sides of the chest, lower part of the back, rump,
^^ Upper tail-coverts deep rich blue ; wings blackish brown, the
Outer webs of the feathers washed with dark green, the margins
^* the shoulders, wing coverts, and interscapular region and
scapulars, black with a greenish tinge ; from the angle or point of
^^6 shoulders to the ends of the scapulars extends a broad band
^* bright verditer green tinged with yellow, the outer margins
^^ the shoulders tinged with blue, under wing coverts blackish
Wue ; base of the bill coral red, the tip and all the under
^aiadible black ; feet black ; ** iris orange-yellow "
** Note like that of the King-Lory," -4. scapiilatus, Bechst, (KB.)
Total length 15 in., wings 77 in., tail 9 in., tarsus O'S, bill
from nostril 0-9, culmen I'l,
1
SNBxS SOCIRTT
Fwiia!* (or young male P). The rump and upper tail-coverl
blue, BB iu the male; the primaries and secondaries blackish brow
the outer webs of these feathers, the wing coverts, head, ai
remainder of the upper surfaoe green ; the throat, and sldei of tl
neck green ; chest green, with some of the feathera tipped wi
crimson, breast and remainder of the under surface rich orimso
as iu the male, the bases of the under tail coverta black ; ti
blackish brown above, the outer webs of the three lateral feathe
bluisji, those of the central ones at the base greenish, und
surface black; nnder wing-coverta green; bill black, an iudicatii
of red at the base of the upper mandible ; legs and feet blao!
iris orange yellow. In size the same as the male.
Broadbent obtained this fine species in the mountain diatrL
near the Goldie River, about forty miles inland from Pc
Moresby.
In describiug this species as new, I mention, with regret, tf
[ have not seen a description of Aprogviietus bw~uensis, (SaXvi
Arm. Mm. Civ. Qmev. VIIL, p. 371), with all the other kno
ape<nes, however, I have compared it and find it quite distinct;,
19. — ClCL0PaiTTACU3 stiAVi?siiius, Sclater., P.L.3. 1876, p. 520.
54 J and ? (no( qwUe aduW).
Many specimens of this beautiful little parrot were obtnine
in various stages of plnmage. They do not appear to be rai
and were found feeding chiefly on the frait of the native fif
in Bornba on the Laloki River. Tho adult males hare a patch <
white on the aide of the neck just below the ear coverta, and tb
breast is of a deep orange yellow. In the adult female tL'
spot is of a deep orange (like the breast in the luale,) and (b
colouring of the breast is lighter, the white mark at the gape :
reduced to a narrow line, which is sometimes continued on to tb
chin and forms a margin rouud the blue of the cheeks. Spot o
inner margin of the scapularies almost white.
20.~GEOPrBOTna ARnENSis, 0. B. Or., P.Z.S. 1858, p. 183.
This species appears to be not uncommon, nearly evei
collection that I have seen from the Port Moresby district co
taiued specimens. It wonid be interesting to get a really goi
OP NEW SOUTH WALES. 253
series of the yonng and adalts of this hird. The young of the
New Ireland bird, (G. cyanic&pa^ Puch.) which differs very little
from this species, may be distinguished by the inner webs of the
tertiaries being white towards the tip, while in (7. a/ru&iisis they
are dark brown throughout, the under wing coverts are of a
brighter and clearer blue, and the under side of the tail feathers
bright green. After the first year the head becomes a deeper
rich brown in the young female. In O, cyanic&psy Pncher, the
joimg female has a wash of green over the cheeks which is not
visible in O, aruensis, $ . The base of the skull is wider by 0*1,
and the back of the head much more round in the 0, aru&rms
than in (?. cy<mice^8,
21. — BcLECTUS POLYCHLOEUS, Sc(yp,y Del. Flor, 8f Fawn, Insuhr,,
p. 87, n. 27 (1786).
A good deal has been written on the sexes of this and other
species of this genus, and their coloration, but I think the
matter has, (with respect to the present species at least) by this
time been settled beyond doubt. If not, I may mention that
Morton, who examined a number of specimens which had just
been removed from the nests by the natives, assures me that the
young males assume the green dress, and the young females the
red dress from the nest during the first year, and that both young
red and young green birds were taken out of the same hollow
bough in which they were hatched.
This species is very common about Port Moresby. Like the
oockatoo (G, iriton), they are kept by the natives to supply
feathers for decorative purposes, the unfortunate birds being kept
almost naked, the demand being usually greater than the
supply.
TRICHOGLOSSID^.
22. — Eos PUSCATA, Blyth, Joum, As. Soc, Beng, XXVJI,
p. 279 (1858).
A good series of this variable species was obtained, including
foUy adult males and females, and young birds of the year. Iris
yellow, skin at base of bill below, bright orange ; bill in adult
yellow ; legs brownish-black.
SH TBI rtocmawB* or tsi innrxAS iociett
Tbey were shot in company with other Trichoglo*»i, feeding oa
the boney of the Meliilevca aod Euoalifptju blossoms.
23. — LoRiCB HiPffiHOCHROUS, ff.fi. Gt. Litt. Psitt. Bril. Mvi.
p. 49 (foot note) 1859.
Loriiu hjrpoaaochroos, car. GvXielmi, Hamtay, P.L.S.,N.S.W.
Va. in, p. 106.
A remarkably fine specimen of this species was shot by Me
Goldie at Cloudy Bay. This bird, which I believe to be a full:
adult male, has the interscapular region black, with the fainter
shade of bine ; on the neck, the black is separated from that e
the head by a narrow line of rich crimson; the abdomen an
andertail coverto are almost black. I w&a at first inclined i
consider this a distinct species, bat on esHmining the collection
New Gninea Birds from the voyage of the " Cbevert" in tl
Macleayan Museum, I found there anotiier epeoimen having t>1
iutorsoapular region black, but not to so great an extent. I thix
therefore that I am correct in aasigning Mr, Goldie's bird
Loritti hypceTiookToiis of Dr. G. El. Gray^of which it ia probably
vory old male. The 6gnre in the voyage of the " Cura^oa" do
not show any black colouring on the abdomen.
■.'■■t. — CHALCOPSirTA (.■HLOROPTERDS, ■^aJvod. Ann. ifjis. Civ. Gene
IX, p. 15 (1876).
Of this species, the young vary somewhat fcota the adnlts
being cf a duller hue, and having the whole of the head of a dual
green ; the under wing coverts are green, with the greater aeW'
red margined with black, a large patch of yellow near the \mu
of primaries on nnder side; bill, and legs dusky brown. In son
of the adulte I notice a crimeon patch on the occiput, and a
hare the whole of the front of the bead and a patch of featl>0>
on the nides of the chest of the same color. On examination c
(ho plaf« and description of Dr. G. B^ Gray's C. mbrifnmt, I S0
no reason why G. ehloropterue should not prove to be the yonnj
of that species. 1 have arrived at this conclusion atler a carelt>
examination of a very lai^ series. They frequent the MelaleQW"
and Eucalyptns trees when in flower, feeding on the honey-Uk*
fluid found in the blossoms.
OF NEW SOUTH WALKS. 255
25. — Tbighoglossus massenj:, Bp., Bev. and Mag, de Zool,^ 1854,
p. 157.
This species seems universally dispersed over the whole of the
Soath East end of New Gainea, New Ireland, New Britain, the
Dake of York Islands, Solomon Islands, New Hebrides, and New
C^aledonia, from all of which places I have received specimens,
none of which appear to differ, inter se. In the Port Moresby
district they were found feeding in the various Eucalyptus and
other flowering trees and shrubs.
26 — Teichoglossus subplacbns, Sclater, P.Z.S. 1876, p. 519.
A. female of this species was obtained by Mr. H. Shaw about ten
i&iles inland, near the top of Mount Astrolabe. Mr. Broadbent's
^U-Oction contains an adult male.
Family CUOULID^.
27. — ? Lamprococctx minutilus, Gould.
r^loB is one of the smaller species allied to L. mvnuiilus and
^' '^^sata, both of which it much resembles, the outer webs of
''"^ secondaries above are slightly margined with rufous, all the
'^^J^ainder of the upper surface of a rufous bronzy green, all the
"^l feathers rich rufous, washed with blackish towards the tip,
^ tut the centre two, with a spot of white on the inner web ;
•^^ outer on eithefr side barred with black, white, and rufous, the
^^ck bands being the broadest and the white the narrowest, the
^^^fc feather on either side has three bars of black only.
^he chin, throat, and all the under surface of the body and
^^ under tail coverts are whitish, strongly barred with bronzy
^^^^'^en, the under wing coverts barred like the breast, except the
^^t;er series at the base of the primaries ; the primaries towards
^^ base light rufous, the secondaries white at the base, pale
^^as towards the centre of the inner webs. Bill black ; feet
^^lny grey. Total length, 5*5 ; wing, 3'8 ; tail, 2*5 ; tarsus, 0*5 ;
*^^lfrom forehead, 0*65 ; from gape, 0.75.
rrhe tail is rather square and even, the outer tail feathers being
^SlTial in length to the centre ones. The New Guinea specimens
^^ not materially differ from those from the Rockingham Bay
L
I LIRKBUt SOOtBTY
district aod Cape York, all agreeing better with L. immutiim,
Qouid, than with auy other species.
Another individual which I believe is referable to the yoong
of this species is, above, the same in coloration, showing only a
little wider rufous margin on the primaries and secondaries, the
rufous on the under surface of the inner webs of the wing qaills
is of a little deeper tint. Throat and chest ashy grey, the rest of
the under anrfaca of the body, under t-ail coverts, and the under
wing ooverto (escept a browuisL spot at the base of the primaries)
white i the under tail coverts and fhinks have a few scattered
broad bars of bronzy green, and some of the under wing coverts
and azillares show indications of narrow bars of the same tint ;
the tail ig strongly banded as in the adult, but the rufous bars on
the outer feathers are very indistinct.
28. — Lampbocuoctx ldcidus, 6m.
Only two specimens of this widely distributed species were
obtained, they are slightly smaller than those from New Zealand.
29.— Lamp ROCOCO rx mkterii, Salvad.
Ann. M'^ts. Viv. Genov. VT, p. 82, (1874iJ.
I believe the bird I have under consideration to be referable to
this species ; the head has a patch of rich rufous on the fore-
head, the ear coverts, sides of the head, and all the upper surface
of a clear rich bright metallic green, the primaries and second-
aries dark-brown at the tips, their central portions to the base on
both webs, rich rnfons ; under wing coverts, chin, throat, and all
the under surface, strongly barred with bronzy green and white ;
under tail-coverts white, barred with bronzy green. Length,
6 in. ; wing, 3-5 ; tail, 2-5 ; tarsus, 0'6 ; bill, 07.
30. — ? Cacomantis ASSiMiLis, Qray.
Specimens which I refer to this species resemble Caeomantit
casianeiventria of Mr. Qould, but have the throat and head
bluish ashy grey, and are smaller. The chest, breast, abdomen,
and under tail-coverts of rich castaneons red or rnfons, a pale
cream or buff-colored oblique band across the under surface of
the wings, remainder of the uuJer aurlace of the wings dark
OF NBW SOUTH WALBS. :267
brown, anderwing-coverts mfons, like tlie breast ; all the upper
surface of the body dark glossy brown with metallic reflections,
the nppertail-coverts of a slightly blaish tint ; under surface of
^he tail ashy brown ; all the feathers tipped with white, more
esctensively on the outer ones, and least on the central two ; on the
^nner webs of the feathers are tooth-shaped markings of whifce, or
of & buffy tinge. Bill black, legs and feet reddish, claws black.
Total length ftom tip of bill 7*5 in. ; bill from forehead, 0*75 in.,
gape 0.8 in. ; tarsus 0*7 in. ; wing 4*15 ; tail 3*9.
The young is of a dull blackish brown above, each feather
'^^Horgined and barred with rich rufous, the wing quills margined
^*id strongly toothed with the same, the tail somewhat similarly
'^^^^^ked, the tooth shaped markings on the margin extend
^^3a.ost across ; on the outer two feathers and the uppertail- coverts
^^^ barred across with the same rufous tint. The under surface
clark ashy brown, lighter on the flanks, barred with whitish
brown and rufous, the under tail-coverts whitish ashy at the
>e, light rufous towards the tip, strongly barred with blackish
L, bill blackish, legs and feet reddish.
Total length 6*5 in. ; wing 4*1 in. ; tail 3*9 in. ; tarsus 0*7 in. ;
*^*ll, from forehead, 0*75 in., from gape, 0*8 in.
Sah.y Laloki River, &c.
. 31. — Cacomantis dtjmetorum, Gould.
One specimen obtained, which does not appear diflerent from
^^^ Queensland examples of this species.
32. — EUDTKAMIS GTANOOEPHALA, Lath.
This species appears to be plentiful ; it is a migratory species,
^'^ Versing the countries it inhabits in search of food, remaining
^ l>reed in such districts as it may find itself in the proper time
^f year ; it usually selects the deep cup-shaped nest of some of
^o.e larger species of Honey-eaters, in which it deposits its egg
-^ broken egg laid by a bird shot by Mr. G. Masters at Gayndah
I ^Stih Nov., 1870, is in length 1*4 in. by 0*9 in. in breadth ; the
I ^lor is white, with dull pale purple brown and light reddish
1 ^tt>wn spots sprinkled over the larger end, the shell is slightly
M S^^anular.
33.— SOITHROPS NOVJC-HOLLlNDia, Lath.
Salvad. and D'Alb. op. eit. VII.. p. 813; Sharjte t. c. •p. 492.
Generally distributed over the whole of the South East Coast
34. — Centrofds spiloptbrus, Gray.
TbiB species is always more or less plentifnl about Port
Moresby. Mr. Goldie obtained several specimeus in variooB
stages of plumage during his firat expedition. Tbe fully adolt
males beoome almost entirely black.
85. — CENTBOPOS UEHBBKn, Le$s.
1 noticed a fine adult specimen of this species in Mr. Goldie's
Collection collected by Mr. Blanden, and another very interesting
specimen obtained by Morton exhibits the change of plumage
from the young to tbe adult.
They were found to be rare in the Port Moresby district; the
few obtained being shot on the Lalokt River, about 15 miles
Family ALCBDINIDjE.
36.— Alcyone affisis, (hay, P.Z.S., 1860, p. 348.
I shonld have referred the larger bine-backed Aloyones, froiu
the Ijaloki River to Alnyone pvjrhra, were it not for their long
and stout bills ; the blue patch on the side of the chest is con-
fined to that region, and does not extend on to the flanks ; it has,
moreover, no lilac tinge whatever.
Total length, 64 in. ; wing, 3-1 in. ; tail, 1-3 in. ; tarsus, 0-4 in. ;
bill from forehead, 2 in, to 22 in. ; from gape, 2-2 in. to 2-3 in. ;
depth, 0-4 to 0-44 in.
All the specimens were obtained in the scrubs on the river
side. I moat admit I do not see the difference between the
present sp. and A. leagoni (Cass).
37.— Alcyone pcsilli, T&mm., PI. Ool. 595,/ 3. (1836).
I believe this species to be the amaliest of all known King-
fishers, and although they may be far from rare in any district
frequented by them, they are always very difficult to obtain ;
their fight is swift and arrow-like, dashing past like a flash,
just over the surface of the water, in the most dense and secluded
OF NBW SOUTH WALB8. 269
parts of the creeks which wind through the scrubs ; they utter a
shrill, clear, piping cry, settle abruptly on a bough, and fre-
quently turning round, almost immediately present their dark
blae back instead of their white breast, so that if once lost sight
of, they are difficult to detect. They were plentiful on the
Laloki River during Morton's stay there, and are found also in
Queensland as far south as the Herbert River.
38.— Oeyx solitabia, Temm. PI Ool 695. /. 2. (1836).
I have seen but two examples of this elegant species from the
l^oki River, where it is evidently rare. Both were obtained in
the most dense part of the scrubs near the river, at a distance of
about 16 miles from Port Moresby.
39. — Tanisipteba oalatba. Gray.
Tauysiptera microrhynchus, Sharpe, Jov/m, Linn. Soc. ZooL^ 1877,
p, 313. ; T. galatea var, minor, :talA}adori, i.e.
This fine kingfisher is evidently very plentiful in the scrubs
Ringing the Laloki ; both Morton's and Mr. Goldie's collections
^utained many fine examples. The centre two tail feathers in
^uie of the specimens, attaining the length of 13 inches. I can
fiud no difference between the Port Moresby specimens and
some collected by Dr. Beccari, at " Warbresi" in the North
^est; except in the greater length of the tail feathers and
^ortness of the bill. Like Tawysiptera syVoidy this species
appears to be solitary in its habits except when breeding ; they
^quent the thickest parts of the scrubs, and seldom go near the
^^ater. Morton notes that on one occasion he saw one fly down
^ the waters edge as if to drink, but scarcely remaining half a
^lUute, dashed off again into the scrub. They breed in Novem-
^p aud December, laying 6 round white eggs in a hole dug in a
^^^i^ or in the nest of the white ants. Termites.
40. — Tantsiptera salvadoruna, sp, nov.
This species has been looked upon as T. sylvia (Oould)^ but
upon dose examination will be found to be quite distinct. Dr.
Salvadori has pointed out the chief differences, from specimens
obtained by D'Albertis.
I haye examined several apeoiiaens obtained by Broadben'
and find all fcbeae distinctiona constant. This species whic
otberwisB resembles T. tyloia, may at once be distinguished froi
it by the much lighter colouring of the under surface, and tb
very different tint of bine of the wioga, head, and tail, which bs
a greenish tinge ; it is moreover, altogether a smaller bird. Tl
centre tail feathers, when fally grown are very much long*
attaining the length of 10-3 inches, the webe are also broad
and do not taper so mach as in T. gylvia.
Total length from bill to oil gland, 4"2 ; two centre tt
feathers from oil gland, from 8 in. to 10'3 in. ; wing, 3'5 to S-
in. ; tarsus, 0-55 ; bill from forehead, 1.25, width at noebi
0-35, height, 0'37.
Morton reports having once met with this species some 5(
niilps inland from Port Moresby, its note differs from that of T
sijliiia. The specimens are from Broadbent'a collection.
41.— Stma torotobo, LesK. Voy. Coq. Mlas pi. 31 bU, f. 1 (1826; ■
The saw-hilled kingfisher of New Guinea has been usaall;
identified with the yellow-billed kingfisher from Cape York, (»^
JlaviroHru), and indeed I am by no means certain that this vi»'
of the case is not the correct one. Mr. R. B. Sharpe in hia vei"
excellent monograph, on the Alcedinidie, has endeavoured lo sho'
that they are distinct, but I do not consider that the slight diffe'
enoes, which certainly do exiet between the New Qninea av
Australian birds, are BnfBoieat to separate them into diitintf
species. I have lately examined a large series of both ^
Australian and New Guinea birds, the latter from the Sonfc
East Coast I find in the males of the New Guinea speciinea'
the under surface of the tail feathers, blaokisli brown, and tb
half collar round the back of the neck is divided in the middl-
by a patch of whitt in some ; in the females, the aroton of tk
head only is black, as pointed out by Mr. Sharpe, and all have
mistore of white in the middle of the collar.
In habits and actions, Syma torotoro resemble the land aa
not the water loving sections of the Alcedinidte. Thay ara foun
in the moat dense parts of the scrub, and live on insects ao
OF irXW SOFTH WALES. 261
ir larreB; noDe were obtauied within 12 miles of the coast I
LCfcve heard of one instance in which the Australian bird has been
:>xand in a belt of Mangroyes at Gape York.
42. — Halotoisi macIiEATI, Ja^rd and Selb.y lU. Om. pi. 101.
(J (1825-1839).
If any specimens of this species were obtained, showing that it
iB one of the most common species in the neighbourhood of
Lialoki Biver. They do not frequent the scrubs, but are generall y
foxind in the opens and forest country. In habits they are much
tihe same as Halcyon saneUis, breed in holes in hollow boughs, or
in tniinels dug in the nests of the Termites, at the end of which
tihey lay 5 pearl-white, glossy, round eggs. This species has an
eztendve range, and is found as far south in New South Wales
ai iihe Clarence Eiyer, and as far to the north-west as Port
Darwin, where it is common (Spalding),
48.*-Halcyon albicilla, CW., Dtmont, Diet, Sc, Nat, XXIX,
p. 273 (1823).
Sereral specimens of this fine species from Goutance Island.
^.—Halcyon sanctus, Yig, cmd Horsf, Trans, Lim/n. Soc, XV.
p. 206, (1826).
Common eyerywhere, both on the coast and inland.
^.—Dacblo gaudichatjdi, Quoy et Gaim. Y<yy, TJran, Zool, p. 112,
pi. 25, (1824).
%Tially common with the foregoing.
-^6 collections contained seyeral specimens of both sexes. In
'Mirats they resemble the species of Australia, particularly in the
^ward jerking of their tail after calling. Their note is a hoarse
*|Waking monosyllable.
46. — Dacelo lbachii, var.
I^acelo intermedins, Sahad. Arm. Mus. Cvu, Gen, IX, p. 21,
«p. 99 (1876).
iBoarcely think that the slight differences yisible between the
«9w Gainea birds and Dacelo leachii of Gape York, merit their
Wng separated into distinct species. The blue-backed Dacelo is
P THJ LISSK4M
1
I the immediate neighbonrhood of Port Moresby, *
well as inland, and iahabite the opea forests couutiy ; breeds i:
hollow boaghs, laying 5 eggs, white, 1'65 in. length by 1'33 i
breadth.
47. — MELIDOEi MiCROBHTNCHA, Lesi. ,
Melidora goldiei, Bamsay. P.L.S. of N.S. W. I. p. 389, J
{Dec. 27th 1876). 1
Melidora. DollariB, Skarpe. Joum. Liivn. Soc. Zool. March 1877,
p. 313 (S).
Since describing the male of this fine speaiee, I have had i
opportniiity of examining several other specimenB all from ti
same locality. &. female procured by Mr. William Blnnden, c»
of Mr. Goldie'e collectors, eihibits slightly different tnarkings
the type of the species described in the Proceedings of tl
Liinnean Society of New Soath Wales. I do not consider th
female qnite adult, but it may be thus described. All the uppt
and under sarface similar to the male, having the crown of th
head black, each feather tipped with blnish or greenish-oohre ; tb
spots oo the back, and wings of a greenish -ochre of a brights
and more greenish tinge than in the male ; there are a fsv
ochraceous buff on the ear coverts and sides of the neck sq*
throat ; the blue tipped feathers of the back of the head and uap'
are longer than in the type or than in any of the males. Th.«
bill is also broader in some specimens than in others.
Female. Total length, 10-3 ; wing, i-7 ; tail, 3'6 ; tarsna, 0-7
bill from forehead, 1-9, from gape, 2'3, length of hook, 0-23
width opposite nostril, 0-9, width aoroas gape, I'l inches
This Melidora is only fonnd in the dense scrubs, inhabiling
enoh situations as are chosen by Tanyiiptera galatea. It pn^
cnres most of its food on the ground, digging with its bill among
the fallen leaves and debris. No information was obtained on ita
habits or nidification.
I feel convinced that both Mr. B. B. Sharpe and myself hav«
fallen into error in describing this bird as new; it will an
donbtedly prove to be the adult male of Melidora macrorh/i/neli<M
OF NBW SOUTH WALES. 863
as tlie females agree yery well with Lesson's figure in the Voyage
de la Coqoille.*
MBEOPIDiB.
4*8. — Mbrops osnatus, Lath,, Ind. Om. Suppl. p. 35. (1801).
XJniversally dispersed over fche whole Eastern portion of
A.ru3tralia and South East end of New Ooinea. Many specimens
obtained.
Family BUCBEOTID^.
49. — Rhytidoceros plicatus, Penn,
Bucseros rofioollis, VieU. Nom. Diet. D'Hist IV, p. 600. (1816) ;
Eamsay, P.L,8. of N,S,W., vol, I, p, 393.
This fine horn-bill which is far from being rare in the vicinity
of Port Moresby, has caused no slight excitement to inex-
perienced collectors and recent travellers.
The loud rustling of its wings on taking flight, and the
^n^mense masses of undigested portions of food, <&c., thrown up
^ this bird, has given rise to wide conjectures as to its size and
the great expanse of its wings ; some affirming that they
^•eached to at least 20 feet. Signor D'Albertis has reduced Mr.
Stone's gigantic bird to its proper proportions, but I think he
^8 £uled to solve the mystery respecting the large heaps of ex-
opeziaent, supposed to belong to some large animal. These heaps
^"^ nothing more than the undigested food turned out of the
P^^^xiches of the kangaroos when slain by the natives according
^ tilieir custom after killing an animal. The eggs of this species
^*i^ve previously described. (P,L.8, N,S,W.y vol, J, p. 393).
Family COEACIID^.
^O,— -EoBYSTOMUS CRAS8IE0STRIS, Sclat&r ; P,L,8, 1869, p, 121.
"X^olerably plentiful and universally dispersed over the district
^iX>xmd Port Moresby ; in habits and actions, much the same as
^- jpadfious. Numbers arrived during the months of December
Bince the above wag written, I have been favoured with a copy of Count Salvadori't
c^«r on Piqnian Birds, in which I find the same opinion expressed. (See Ann. del Mus.
WT.dlGenOT.Xn, 1878),
264
THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNSAK 80CISTT
and January, accompanied by their young, which are
uniform in coloration and much duller in plumage; they hare
the bill black, and no light spot on the wing.
Family PODARGID^.
51. — PoDARGUS PAPU1KSI8, Quoy et Goim,, Voy, AsiroL I, p. 207,
pi 13. (1830).
I am not at all certain that I am not indnding two species
under this name, some agree with the figures of F. papmemMu^ in
Gould's Birds of Australia; others are neaiiy devoid of the
white blotches on the wing, are of a dnil ooloar and minutely
Termiculated with ashy gray ; othets again are heaTiIy Uotched
and marked with white afaore and below, and hare a white super-
ciliaiy stripe well d^ned. I find individaah so TariaUe that
for the pre9»it I pn^er learii^ tiwsa all ander tiie abore name,
than making a new ^lecaes. I £aand qt^aJriaMe Tarialion also,
in ib« spNuntns I obcazned wki^ ax CkrdweD in 18#S-4, scarcely
two bedna^ aHke^ Tbe joocv bs;^ do nsa sbow die ^pota or
T *.Tr Vr TV" Tr*i>tTs? 50:'!^ Zijiii lik s^xns 2« rarr^e5^^ deter-
- .rv^% I: hfci ' -• v^.V itfiu?d r.v^ xc ▼"i.Tcf ^ins ol ibe wine
> ^.-V.-^T.J^ vv.v^.T— . >..-;">.::' r.', ' 7" ^Ir.^ JLtil, Mu, .^nr.
- ^."i
.-» '- »-• -.
•v^ '«. * *
•--A..?^::. < *j..t?.:dai» iciSkiiiifo an.
V ^
■£«
. "\
- --c . *;w: « ■ _£
-Tit ^ZiiL Mr.
X - *•* ««^
OF NBW SOUTH WALB8. 265
CYPSBLTD^.
55. — Maoroptbetx mtstacea, Less.^ Voy. Coq, ZooL Atlas^pl, 22
(1826).
This fine tree swallow was not foand plentifnl, althoagh it is
very generally dispersed over the whole of* New Guinea, New
Ireland, and the adjacent islands, and as far east as the Solomon
Islands, and New Georgia.
Two specimens were obtained by Mr. J. H. Shaw near Port
Moresby, and another by Broadbent daring a trip to South
Gape.
56. — COLLOCALU SPODIOPYGIA, Pedis.
A species of Gollocalia was met with by Morton on one
occasion ; it is probably the same as one of the species met with
and obtained by Broadbent daring Mr. Stone's Expedition.
The specimen shot by Morton had built its nest on the nnder
side of a large dead tree, which had fallen across a creek running
into the Laloki River. Specimens obtained by Broadbent are
identical with Oollocalia spodiopygia, I regret to say Morton's
specimen, having fallen into the water, was lost.
PASSERES.
Grder PARADISEIDAE.
57. — Manijcodu atra, Less, Voy. Ooq, Zool. I. pi. 2. p. 638.
This species was found very plentiful in the immediate
neighbourhood of Port Moresby, and many were obtained in the
scrubs on the Laloki River, distance only 12 miles inland. Their
note has not that peculiar trumpet-like cry so remarkable in
Manucodia Jeeraudreneri and M, Oouldii. They were found
usually in small troops.
58. — Manucodia eerandreneri, Less and 0am, Voy. Ooq. pi.
Like the proceeding, this bird was found by no means rare,
but always at a distance from the coast; all the specimens
obtained were shot in the scrubs on the banks of the Laloki
Biver, at least 12 miles inland. Their cry is remarkable and
peculiar, and by those who have heard it, said to resemble the
266
THE PBOCBBDINat OF THB LIVirBAir SOCISTT
squeak of a toy trumpet This species was osoallj met with in
pairs, frequenting the fruit-bearing trees in the denie aerafaa.
The trachea is external^ and similar to that organ in die
Australian If. Oovldiiy Qnj.
59.— Ptilorhis maohifica, VteiU^ N, Did, <r HitL Not XXYIIL
p. 167. pi. Q. 99. fig. 3 (1819).
One female obtained during a tiip to ilie SatdhJSta^^nkatij
at Cloudy Bay, and two adnlt males and two fomag maleB sent
by Broadbent, obtained about 20 mOea inlaiid fim Pait Moradiy.
60.— PAmiDCSKA BAO^AXA, BclmL, PX^ 1B73. ^l ^39.
Thia^cegtainlyopeoftbemaat1w.eiillfiilaf iia tiifae, ia Hw cmly
$pecies of the gennB £ramd near Pon Moeeabf ; hm neieai
kviaHtr is aboax 12 xnilBfi inknd on die baaia of tie LnUd
R2T«gr. Tkr nsnallT freiqnenx i^ lo^icr laaiaiwa of liie laiger
HKiesw Imi sonKtcEma aiko Those of fnniJW dowdL in lantik of
>iefrn««. ih«r g^.iaf f;oL aaBoenaaii|r ir vnam af frvB S to 10 in
rnziSff'. ih^ vraau: bars kii£ ^nate
Ttukt^iv Mfiorr fnmifi r«r idusir maE nrr nf
^»r^>^ «riu: a ^ramzlXl^xs^ tmnniiiiK iniBinL ^r i;w» or
as.-'. . . ■
% » -». -s
r • -.- ■ V. ; >.
•t
^ :;«S>
*«:--*ji^ Jr .'istfs^ fin£ 3coad
:iv r^^ ir-&: isf jT^cnr iniL
•n'
:.;.'■ "v«.
OF NEW SOUTH WALK8. 207
appear, and attain their ftiU length before the long flowing phimes
on the side and yellow bar on the shoolder, are fall grown.
I find apparently full-grown males, bat without phsmes, still
having the centre two wire-like tail feathers of great length ; this
seems to argae in favoar of the side plames being shed every
year, bat I am inclined to the other view of the case as stated
abova The RaggianoB from the soath-east end of the island, are
slightly larger in their dimensions, than those obtained about
Port Moresby on the Laloki River. The plumes also are longer,
thicker, and richer — this may be on account of the age of the
individuals.
The natives of Hall Sound, and in fact all along the coast, do a
considerable trade in Paradise plumes, taking the birds with
nets at night while roosting. Morton failed to obtain any
information respecting their nidification, although from the
numbers of young birds and females which are to be found all
the year round near Port Moresby, they must breed somewhere
in the neighbourhood.
At Orangerie Bay and Amazon Bay, large numbers of plames
were obtained from the natives ; over 70 were obtained in two
days.
61. — CiciNNUEUS BBGius, lAnn, Syst, Nat, I, p. 166, n. 2 (1766).
Several fine adult males were obtained by Morton, Blunden, and
Broadbent, frequenting the most dense portions of the scrabs on
the Laloki River. Like others of its tribe, the king bird indulges
in showing off something similar to the preceding ; its cry is not
so loud, but otherwise resembles that of P. raggiana. At intervals,
immediately after calling, the green- tipped side plumes are raised
at right angles with the body, or brought forward and vibrated
while expanded, the wings slightly raised. The adult males
appear to be solitary ; on no occasion were two or more found
together ; like the other species they feed on berries, and seem to
be of somewhat of a pugnacious disposition. On the whole, they
are di£Gicalt to obtain until yoa become acquainted with their note.
In the living bird the bill is bright light yellow, and the legs
and feet deep blue ; the latter fade very quickly, and the color is
quite gone two days after death. (A. M,)
SG8 TBS raODBIDIHW OF TBI LtHNIAH SOCIBTT
Sub-famUy SCENOPIN^.
62. — GHLAIfTDODEBi CEEVIStVEHTEIS, GovU, P.Z.8. 1850, p. 201.
This appears fo be one of the most common birds about Port
Uoresby, but is confined to tbe coast, not being met with iolaDd.
The bowers were also found, and a. fine specimen presented to
the Mnseum by Mr. Goldie, obtained during hia first expedition,
shows them to be made of fine twigs placed in an upright or
slightly slanting position, and gently arched over in the middle ;
the inside and sides of the bower, and sometimes tbe tops of the
twigs, are ornamented with berries.
The fawn-breasted bower bird is usually found in small troops
of six to ten in number, and feeds on fruits and berries.
63.— AiLOEfiDua ETONEi, Sharps, Nature, Aug. 17tk, 1876, p, 339.
Of this fine species only a few speoimena were obtained ; they
were foand in the dense scrubs, feeding on fruit and berries,
aboat 15 miles inland. ^
MUSCICAPID.^. fl
64.— Peltops BLAiNYiLLEi, Gam., Viyy. Ooq. pi. 13,Jig. 2. ^B
Several males and females were obtained in the acmbs on the
Laloki River ; their actions resemble those of Monarcha more than
any other flycatcher. I regret to say Norton's notea oontain little
information on their habits, and nothing respecting the nidifioa-
tjon of this species seems to be known.
65.— PlEZOREYMCHDB ALECTO, TotMII., Fl. Ool. 430. jig. 1. (<J.)
M. ohalyheocephaliia, Qam.; P. oitidnB, Gould.
The specimens obtained, males and females, do not in any way
differ from those &om New IrelEund and Dnke of York Islands,
or from the Queensland examples of Piezorhynehut nitid/ut, of
Gonld, Bds. of Australia, fol. Vol. II. pi 88.
66.— Monarch* cakiuata, Vig. and Horaf.
Several individuals from the Laloki River. They do not differ
from the TH. S. Wales specimens; the seiea are alike in plumage,
but the males having slightly more black on the chin.
OF NSW SOXTTH WALB8. Jfi9
67. — MoKABGHA GUTTiJLATUS, Gam,y Voy. Ooq.'pl. I6yfig, 2.
Several adults and joung from the scrubs on the Laloki. The
young have the head uniform in color with the back, the ear
coverts and throat dull blackish brown, the wings brown, and a
wash of rusty yellow on the chest and sides.
68. — MoKABCHA ABT7ENSIS, Stdvod,, Ann, Mus. Givic. Genov. vol, VI,
p. 309 ; Sharpe, Joum. Limu Soc, Zooh XII, p, 497.
M. melanotus, Sdater, F.Z.8, 1877, p. 100.
I have examined a large series (over twenty specimens), adults
male and female, and young, of these birds from Duke of York
Islands, Port Moresby, and the Am Islands, and regret to find
so little difference between them. The bills of the Port Moresby
birds are decidedly smaller ; the black of the back extends to the
romp, but not on to the upper tail coverts, and the yellow is of a
lighter tint than in those from New Ireland and the Duke of York
Islands ; and in this respect, as pointed out by Mr. B. B. Sharpe
(Lc), are identical with those from the Aru Islands. The fol-
lowing measurements, taken from specimens lately acquired for
Australian Museum collection, will illustrate the relative sizes of
individuals frt>m the different localities : —
MONABCHA ABUSNBI8, Saloo. MOMABGHA CHBYSOMXLAS, &am.
Port Moresby. New Ireland <fe Dnke of York Ids.
Totidlength^, 51 in. 5*2; 9* 5 m i, 55 in. 9 5-6; jay. 5-5
Wing „ 2-8 „ 2-75; „ 2-64 „ 28 „ „ 2-6; „ 27
Tail ,,2-6 „ 2-4; „ 2-3 „ 2-6 „ „ 2-45; „ 26
Tanua „ 0-7 „ 0-66; „ 0-6 „ 0-7 „ ,. 07; „ 0 7
Bill from frhd. 0-65,, 065; „ 0*6 „ 0 7 „ „ 0-7; „ 6*5
* Not quite adult ; back, wings, and tail olive brown.
An adult male from the Am Islands measures 5*2 ; wing, 2*7 ; tail, 2*45 ;
iarsuB, 07.
69. — ^MoNABGHA MELANOPTERA, G. B, Gray. P.Z.8. 1858, p. 178.
One specimen, agreeing well enough with Dr. Gray's desorip-
tion, except in the size.
$ Total length, 5*2 in ; wings, 2*9 in ; tail, 3 in ; tarsus, 0*75
in ; bill from forehead, 0'65 in ; from gape, 0*7.
Loc.f Goldie River, from Mr. Broadbent's collection.
70. — ^Absbs bnado* Less, cmd Gam,, Voy. Goq. pi. 15, fig. 2 ( $ )
telescopthalmus, Less, and Gtum., Voy. Ooq. pi. IS, fig. 1 (<7)
This Hpecies was foand tolerably plentiful on the Laloki River
IiB range extends over the greater portion of Now Guinea, New-
Ireland, and the Duke of York Islands.
71. — Rhipiddra sbtosa, Quay cmd Gaim.
Vwj. de I'Aslrol. I. p. 181, (. i, f. 4 (1B30) ; R. golaris, ifuZi.
1 see DO difference between the Port Moreebj Hpecimens and
those from New Ireland and Duke of York Islands, which differ
but very little from R. Uura, of Gould, from Queensland.
72.— RhIPIDUK* OAaTANKOTBORAX, sp. iwv.
Adult male. Head, and all the npper surface of the body, d&rk
bluish slate color, tail blackish brown, below almost black, above
lighter, the outer three feathers largely and the fourth on either
side slightly tipped with white ; wings blackaah brown aboue,
lighter below, the margins of the inner webs on the inner aide
tinged with light brown, the margins of the shoulders, the outer
row of the smaller wing coverts, and the coverts of the secon-
daries like the back, and tipped with a white spot, tinged subter-
minally with pale rufons ; a white line extends from above thu
lorea over the eye in a broken line to above the ear-covarte ; chin,
and a line on either side of the throat to below the ear-coverta,
white; a narrow band between the chiu and chest black; cheat,
breast, onder wing-coverts, and remainder of the nnder Burfaoe
rich cinnamon mfons, paler on the abdomen ; nnder tail oorerts
white, tinged at the base with light cinnamon. Bill dark horn
color, legs reddish brown, bristles black, extending to beyond the
bia
Total length, 5'3in. ; wing, 3 in ; tail, S'2 ; tarsus, 0-6 ; bill from
forehead, 0-5.
This pretty species, which comes near to R. hyperythra (Gt&t),
and R. mjhenirig of UuUer, was obtained by Mr. Kendal Broad-
bent on the Ooldie River, aboat 40 miles inland.
73. — Rhipiddka ambusta, »p. nov.
Head brown, becoming reddish brown on the hind neck,
interscapular region and wing coverts ; becoming deeper, and
darker in tint on tlie back, rump, ;ind uppm- tail coverts, where it
O* KSW SOUTH WALXg. ^1
18 almost rafoos ; wings rich brown, the outer webs of the quills
above with a rufous shade ; tail above and below, and the under
tail-coverts, black ; the basal portion of the feathers on the fore-
head and a line over the eyes, lower portion of the ear-coverts, and
the throat white ; chest blackish, becoming brown on the breast,
each feather with a white shaft, and a triangular spot of white
at its tip, the remainder of the under surface brown ; under wing
coverts mottled brown and white. Bill and bristles black, lower
mandible white, its tip brown, legs black.
Total length, 6'4in.; wing 2*3; tail, 3*6; tarsus 1*2; bill from
forehead, 0*7 in, from gape 0*8 in.
The wings of this species are very broad and comparatively
short, the 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th quills nearly equal and longest,
the 8th equal to the 3rd. AU the body feathers are more or less
decomposed.
74 — Sauloprocta tbicolob, VieUl ; Scdvad et D*Alh. Aim. Mus,
Cvo. Oen. VIL, p. 23.
Mnscioapa melaleuca, Quoy et Cfaim, Voy. de VAstroh I. p, 180.
t %f. 3.
On comparing the Port Moresby specimens with some from
New Ireland I can find no difference between them, they are un-
doubtedly identical with ATii^cica/^ameJaieticaofQuoy and Gaimard.
In some of the adult males I find white dots on the throat and
chin feathers, they differ but little, if anything, except in size,
from the New South Wales 8> motaciUoides.
75. — MiCROCCA FLAViGASTEB, Gould, Bds. Aust.^ fol. voL II,, pi, 94
Common in the neighbourhood of Port Moresby and on the
Laloki Biver. From Morton's notes I gather that this species
has considerable power of song, being heard at daylight in the
morning pouring forth its melodious warbling notes. When I
met with this same species on the Herbert Biver, in Queensland,
dHring the months of March and April, its singing had ceased,
this was just after the moulting season. Its nest and eggs are
scarcely to be distinguished from Af. fascvaans of New South
Wales.
i
I
The Port Moresby birds h&ve tbe crown of the h«4
and (t more olive browD diige on the upper surface, tb)
in the Queensland epecimen of this species.
76.— ? MlCRIEOA FLiVOYIRBaCENS, Q. II. Gray, Salvad 0
Ann. Mus. Oivic, Gmov. VII., p. 21.
Adult male. All the upper surface and the sides of
dull olive green, winga and tail dark brown, the outer n
feathers margined with the same tiot as the back, the ii
of the under surface inclining to white, under wii
yellow, a very narrow line of yellow feathers on the eyi
of the head and ear-coverts tinged with olive yellow, all
surface olive yellow, becoming clearer yellow on the thn
abdomen, and under tail-Goverts.
Bill black above, lower mandible yellow, legs and fee
Total length 4-8 in., wing 3*1 in., tail 2'5 in., tarsi 0.
bill from forehead 0-6S, from gape 0'7.5, from nostril to
breadth at nostril 0'2 ; at gape 0'35.
This species is very close to Mierceea fiavoviracont
hereafter prove distinct ; the lores are not white, alt!
basal portion of the feathers incline to that color t'
yellow ring round the eye, and the total length is sma
Broadbent states that ha shot this bird in the scnil
it had the habits and actions of an Eoptallrut.
Loc. Mountain sombs, Goldie Biver.
77. — EOPaiLTBti PLACENS, *p. TOW.
AduU male. All the head, nape, ear coverts, at
slatey brown ; the back of the neek, hack, npper
and all the upper snrfaca greenish olive ; wings
dark brown, the cater margin of the wing quills s
feathers washed with the same greenish olive tint
below ; a dark olive spot at the base of the primarie
spot of white ; the inner margioa of the quills whi
base; the margins of the wings below and the un(
bright yellow ; the lower part of the throat and
OF WElf SOUTH WALES. 273
the chesty and extending on the sides of the neck to the ear
ooyerts, the lower portion of the breast, and the abdomen, flanks,
and under tail coverts bright rich yellow ; a band across the
breast greenish-olive like the back, the olive extending slightly
towards the flanks over the axillaries ; bill black; '4ris brown;
legs and feet bright orange." (K.B,)
Total length, 5 in to 5*2 ; wing, 3*55 ; tail, 2*25 ; tarsus, 0*85;
hind toe, 0'5 ; bill from forehead, 077 ; from gape.. 0*85 ; from
nostril to the tip, 0*45 ; bristle black, extending to nearly the tip
of the bill ; bill robust
The female is the same in plumage, but slightly smaller, 4' 8 ;
wing, 3*35 ; tail, 2-16 ; tarsus, 075 ; hind toe, 0*4 in. ; bill from
forehead, 072 in. ; from gape, 0*8 ; from nostril to tip, 0*4. in.
Loe,, Mountain scrubs, near Ooldie's River.
This is a fine robust species, with a strong bill, and wings
reaching to the end of the tail. It exhibits much of the form
and general appearance of the genus Leti^yophantes of Dr. Sclater.
Family MUSCICAPID^. (?)
78. — Gertgone inconspicua, Bamsay, P,L.8,, N.S.W.y vol. Ill,
p. 116.
This species comes near G. chloronotus of Mr. Gould, but diflers**
in having a pure white throat ; and the chest, breast, abdomen, and
under tail-coverts citron yellow ; from G. alhogularis, it may be
distinguished by having the tail of a uniform tint, without any
bar or white tip ; a spot in frt>nt of the lores, and a ring round
ihe eye, white ; an oblique blackish spot, from in front to under
the eye, across the gape ; flanks tinged with olive ; under wing
ooverts white, washed with citron colour ; tail and wings brown
above, the outer webs washed olive ; the quills lighter brown
below, shafts of the tail feathers white at the base below, brown
above ; all the upper surface of the body oUve brown, tinged
with green ; bill black ; legs and feet lead colour.
Total length from tip of bill, 37 ; wing, 2*1 ; tail, 1*7 ; tarsus,
07 ; bill from forehead, 0*5. Sex ^ ?
Hah., scrubs on banks of Laloki River, where Morton informs
me he obtained it among the leafy tops of the trees.
271 TEB PBocKsniiras of trb uvmAv bocibtt
?9. — Gebigone ciHEEisCENa, Sharpe, Joum. lAvn. Soc- Zool.
Xni, pp. 494, 495.
Two Bpecimens, cloaely allied to G. tUbogularie, Goold. A
yoang bird, which I believe to belong fo tbia species, has a tinge
of olive brown on the upper surface, rump and upper tail coverts
light brown, throat light yellow. Morton and Blunden obtained
thia apeciea on the LaloK River during the months of July and
Aagost.
MAIiURlD^.
80. — Malceds iLDOBCiPDLAToa, Meyer, Sihber. der. k. Ak. der
Wasensch. sm. JPten. LXlX,p. 496 (1874).
This weU-marked species is universally dispersed over the
whole of the sonth-east coast. It is plentiful on the grassy
slopes aboot Port Moresby during the months of April, May,
and Jane, and ore nsaally met with in small troops of five or six
in number. In habits and actions they closely resemble the
Australian species of the genus. On examining a large series I
find those marked as females differ from the males in having the
wing quills brown instead of black ; but I think thia is rather a
sign of immaturity than a sesnal difference, as the yonng are
chiefly of a dull brown colour.
81. — ? ToDOPais CYANOCEFHALA, Qitoy. et Oaim. Voy. Astrol t 5,/. 4.
Todopsis bonapartei, G. U. Gray.P.Z.S. lS58,p. 177 (female).
T. cyanocephala (Q. et (?.) ; Bamsay P-L.S.N.S.W. III. p. 108.
This beautiful species is found all along the south-east coast.
It is not common in the Port Moresby district ; the few obt&ined
were all shot on the Laloki River, and were found frequenting
the thickest parts of the scrubs, always in pairs, hopping over
the ground, and searching among the fallen leaves and low vines
for insects, carrying the tail erect after the manner of the Mahtri,
from which they differ in habits chiefly in confining themselves to
the scrubby parts of the country, being seldom if ever seen in the
opens. After a careful examination of the plates and descriptions
of 3'. cyanooephaltu of Quoy and Oaimard, and T. bonaparlei of Q.
B. Gray I feel convinced that the latter is merely the female of the
OF NBW SOUTH WALES. 275
former. The tint and intensity of colouring varies a little in the
males, bat both the male and female from Arn Islands agree
eocactly with the Port Moresby specimens.
82. — CiSTICOLA RUFICEPS, GoulA
Gofdd, Bds.y AfAst, fol, vol. Ill, pi, 45.
Specimens of this Gisticola were obtained at Port Moresby,
where they were tolerably plentifol on the grassy slopes during
the months from March to June. I can find no material difier-
ence between them and those from New South Wales. The
young and females have blackish strisa on the head, and the tails
longer than in the adult males.
83.— CiSTICOLA LINBOCAPILLA, Oould,
Goiildy P,Z,8., ptXV^ p. 1 ; Bds, Atistjfol,, twZ. III., pi. 43.
A specimen, which I refer to this species, was obtained, I
believe, during a trip to South Gape, probably at Bramble Haven.
Fanuly HIRUNDINIDuS:.
84 — Htdeochblidon nigricans. Less.
Hirundo nigricans. Less. Gompl. Buff., t. VIII, p. 497.
This swallow was obtained about 15 miles inland ; fchey were
not found plentifal ; one specimen only in Mr. Goldie's collection
obtained by Mr. Wmu Blunden.
85. — HiBUNDO javanica, Sparrm. Sahad. t. c. p. 23 ; Bamsay,
op, dt I, p. 388.
One specimen obtained. It seems distributed over the whole
of the south-eastern portion of New Guinea and Torres Straits.
DIORTJRID^.
86. — DlCRUEUS CARBONARIUS, Bp.
Ghibia carbonaria. Mull ; Sha/rpe Jov/m. Lvrm. Soc, Zool. XIII,
p. 499.
Common everywhere in the Port Moresby district, and all
along the south coast.
•c^«
v^o
c^^^
,nso«
6f
t^«
^\xicb
83
-^\i9i^®
Ot^©
68?
ectei
ot\vet8
.Qiiixa,
87.-
•^^^^^'sST^^^'''"
B«y-
^ tot tN'C'^^^ "Te N^^^o^* "
1876.
B.tJft^'^
I^nti-
firs^
"Bto»'*
,nti«»^ to Ti^®^ .^a duties ^ • -'"^»-
p.
ea^^°^ r:„ «oeCV«^^«' ^j^ bis
tiot^i
e
the
hV^^
£owtv^
the
v^a:
ietcoi
,^^B.iS,
Mor<
sp-
W^'
OiiJ-
Si
.nVBh
OF WBW SOUTH WALES. 277
Should this species prove to be distinct from Af. unicolor, I
propose for it the name of M. hieohr.
Total length, 4*2 in. ; wing, 2*55 in. ; tail, 2 in. ; tarsus, 0*7 in. ;
bill from forehead, 0*55 in ; from gape, 0*6 in. ; from nostril to
tip, 0*3 in.
One specimen only obtained by Kendal Broadbent, who in-
forms me he found it feeding on the berries of a species of
FievSf on the Gt>ldie Biver.
PITTID^.
90. — Pitta NOViE-GuiNBiE, Mull and Schl.
During certain seasons this Pitta appears to be tolerably
plentiful, and specimens have been obtained by nearly every col-
lector visiting New Guinea. They are distributed over the whole
of the south-east coast and on the adjacent islands. All the spe-
cimens obtained near Port Moresby were from small patches of
scrub and jungle in the ravines and water-courses on the hill sides.
During the great drought of 1877-8 no Pittis were to be found
in the district, but during March and April, 1878, they returned
in considerable numbers.
91. — Pitta mackloth, T&mm.
One specimen, an adult male in fine plumage, iris dark-brown,
bill black, in Mr. Broadbent's collection.
EUPETID^.
92.— Eopbtks nigeicmssus, Salvadori; Awn. Mus, Oiv, St Nat.
Qmov.IX, p. 36 (1876).
Mr. GK>ldie and Broadbent obtained this species on the Gt>ldie
Biver, about forty miles inland from Port Moresby. In the
female there is an indistinct line of whitish over the black lores
and over the black behind the eye and ear coverts ; the whole
of the primaries, except the outer edges of the inner feathers,
and the under surface of the tail feathers, with the under tail
coverts, are black ; in other respects like the figures of E. casrulea
in Gould's Bds. of New Guinea — iris red ; bill, legs, and feet
2TS THE PBOCKKDINOS O^ THE LINNBA» aoclBTT
Bru&dbent inronns me this speciee frequents the thick piirte of
the scrnbe, and its actioris are not unlike those of the Psi^hodei
CTepitane ; ita voice is lon<] aud clear. ^_
Three specimens from Mr. Broadbent's collection. ^M
hoc., mountain scrubs, Goldie River.
CORVID^.
93.— Convta OBbo, S. Mull. .- Bamsay, P.L.8., N.8.W., ml I, p.
392; Shiwpe, op. cif.,p. 501.
On comparing the black crows obtained on the Laloki an_
about Port Moresby, with those obtained by the Rev. Geor^
Brown at New Ireland and Duke of York lalanda, I find ca
material difference betwoco them, and, notwithstanding the valu^
opinion of so high an authority as my friend, Mr. R. B. Shai —
(P.Z.S., 1877, p. 105, note 1), I believe both will prove to
identical with Oorvws orru.
94. — Gymnocobax behbx, Less; Sharpe, Cat B. III., p. SO,
Jowm. Irwm. Soc, Zool., XIU, p. 501 ; EoTnsay, P.L
N.S.W.,vol I, p. 392.
Spcoiraens of this species were obtained in the open fo«=^
land about Ihe lialoki. These birds were not so pluutifnl at^
the time of Mr. Goldie's first expedition to Pori^ Morea^
periiaps the extreme drought, which was the means of cau^V'^
many species to visit the coast, was instrumental in driving -^
species away. They were also fonnd a considerable distance
land.
" Bill horn blue, iris white, skin round the eye bright or&iKXi
yellow, legs blackiah-brown." (E.B.)
ORIOLID^.
1'5. — Oriolus STB1ATD9, Quoy and Gaim.; Samsay, op. cit. I,
391 ; Sharpe, op. cit. XIII, pp. 82, 319, 500, el Cat. B. L—
p. 210.
Tolerably plentiful all along the South Coast; in habits ai^
actions it closely resembles the Australian members of the genn^
OF NEW SOUTH WALB8. 279
ft
96. — Sphboothbbbs Salyadorii, ttharpe; Oat. B, III, p, 224,
pi XII; id, Jawm. Idrm. 8oc. ZooL XI27, jp. 500 ; S. flam-
ventrisy Ramsay, op. dt, vol. J, p. 391.
This species is verj nameroas, and, in fact, may be looked
apon as one of the most common birds in the district. They are
nsnally found in the fig trees, the fruit of which they seem parti-
cularly fond. The young males resemble the female in plumage.
8. flavweniris must be omitted from the list of Port Moresby
birds, having been recorded by me in error from that locality.
STUKNID^.
97. — EuLABES DCTMONTn, Less ; 8ha/rpe, Joum. L. 8oc. Zool., vol.
Zill, p. 318; id. p. 601 ; Bamsay, P.L.S., N.8.W., vol. I,
p. 392.
Abundant everywhere along the coast and also inland.
98. — EULABES OBIENTALIS.
Mine robertsoni, D^Albertis; Ibis. 1877, p. 368.
Not plentiful. Morton and Goldie obtained it on the Laloki
liiver, and Broadbent some thirty miles inland. The young have
t he head, throat, back, aud wings black ; above the chest, yellow
mottled with black ; and the breast and abdomen greenish black,
with the tips of the feathers yellow ; legs and bill yellow.
Total length, 8*5 to 9 in. ; wing, 5*3 in.; tail, 2 '8; tarsus,
1*35 ; bill from forehead, 1 in. ; from the nostril, 0*65 ; from
gape, 1*2 in. (jv/v.). *
99. — Calobmis CANTOBOiDESy Le88. 8ha/rpe, t c, p. 318 ; id. p. 501.
C. cantor, Ramsay, op. dt. I, p. 38.
Plentiftd in all the districts surrounding Port Mdhresby, and
also obtained inland as far as the Groldie River.
100. — Calobnis metallica, Temm.
Calomis viridescens, Gray. Sharpe, t c, pp. 318, 501.
I can see no difference between the long-tailed glossy starlings
from Doke of York Island, Cape York, Trinity Bay, and Port
Moresby; they are probably all one and the same species as des-
O^bed by Temmink under the name of 0. metdlMca.
L
TSE PBOCBBSINS8 OF TKB LIKHBAH HOCTBTT
CRATEROPODID^.
101. — POMATOSTOMDS ISIDOHI, LeBS.
These birds were met with in small flocks of from five to ten
in number ; thoy were particoJarly active and restless in their
movements, flying from tree to tree, hopping about the branches,
and chasing each other from limb to limb. When feeding, they
usually resort to the ground under the trees, their food being
insects and their larvie. 1 have received no information on their
nidiScation ; bat in this they will doubtlesa be found to resemble
the Anstralian members of the genns, all of which build a some-
what bulky flask-shaped nest of slicks, and lays five to eight eggs
of a sienna-grey or brown, with darker hair-lines and marblings
over the whole surface.
The eggs of all the Australian species have the peculiarity of
being easily washed white ; the coloring matter, which appears
to be confined to the surface of the shell, is readily removed wiih
little water by gently rubbing. This peculiarity I have also
observed in the eggs of the Bronze Cuckoos {Lnmprococcyx) . ■
102. — RbCTES FEaEOOlSBA, Bp.
These birds traverse the scrnba among the larger branches of
the trees, in flocks of ten to fifteen in number, searching for
insects, which are their principal food. They were by no means
rare, and frequently accompanied by a pair or more of the black
fork-tailed fly-catcher, Sicrurus carhonariuB.
103. — COILDBICIHCLA BBDJJNEA, Qoidd, P.Z.S., pt VIII, p. \&4 ;
id. Bandbook Bds. Aust. I, p. 223 ; Shar^e t. c. y. 499.
This is apparently a very common bird in the neighbourhood
of Port Moresby and further inland. The New Guinea birds of
this species are of a lighter and more aahy tint than those I have
received from North Australia.
104. — COLLHRICINCLA MEGABHIHCHA.
Mnsicapa megarhyncha, Quay and Oaim., voy. de rAttrolabe,
pi. 3, Jig. 1. Oia. p. 172.
This species was obtained in the dense scrubs on the Lalokt
OP NEW SOUTH WALB8. 281
Biver. In its habits and actions it resembles the N. S. Wales
Oollwrieincla rufigaater, Qoald, to which species it is most closely
allied, if not identical. 0, parvissima, Goald, of which I have
examined numerous specimens, appears to me to be qaite a
distinct species.
106. — Cracticus oassicus, Bodd; Sharpe, tx, p. 499 ; id. p, 317.
This species is nnmerons about Port Moresby and on the
Laloki River, and frequents the open country, usually being
found in flocks of five to ten in number during the winter
months.
106 — Craoticus mentalis, Sahad. and D'Alb, Arm. del, Mua,
Oiv. di St Nat Genov, VTI, p. 824 (1875) ; Sharpe, tc,
p. 317 and 499; Ramsay^ op, dt J, p, 392.
This is a smaller species than the preceding, and not so
plentiful. Mr. G-oldie obtained it on the Laloki River during his
first expedition, and towards the south-east in February last.
The yoang have the head marked with sagittate spots of brown,
and nearly the whole of the upper surface of the same tint.
107. — Cracticus quoti. Less. ; Voy, Coq. pL 14 ; Bamsay, op. dt
p. 392 ; Sharpe, tc. p. 499. ^
This species was found to be rare in the Port Moresby district,
two only being obtained on the Laloki River ; they do not difier
in any way from the Queensland specimens.
PACHYCEPALIN^.
108. — Pachtgephala melanura, Govld.
Tolerably common on Goutance Island; none were obtained
near Port Moresby.
109. — Pachtcbphala collaris, Ramsay ^ P.L.8. of N.8.W., vol.
in, p. 74
This fine species, which comes nearest to Dr. Gkay's Pachy-
eephala Morwra^ was obtained on Teste Island. The female,
however, is quite different from the sex of that species ; the male
has no trace of black in the tail, which is quite uniform in colour,
even to the very tips; the bill is comparatively larger and
381 THB PBOCBKDIWQ* OF 1
Blronger than in any other species I have met, with. Total length,
6 in. ; wing, 3-5 ; tail, 2-6 ; bill, O'S ; from gape. 1 in. ? Total
length, 6 in. ; wing, 37 ; tail, 27 ; bill, 09 ; from gape, 1 in. J
110. — Pachtcepbala, sp.
One specimen, a male, closely allied to T. eollaris and me^-
nura, but having an ashy-grey tail, and the forehead and ear-
COVerta jet black, the crown blackiab, becoming slaty-black on the
occipnt ; the yellow collar ia intercepted on the head and neck ;
bill strong ; black throat-band narrow.
Loc- Teste Israad.
III.^Pachtoephala foliginaxa, Ramsay, P.L.8. of N.S.W., vol.
lU, p. 74,
This was the only species of Paehyoepktda obtained near Port
Moresby ; it comes from tbe Laloki River, where it vras not
common. The female, obtained by Broadbent, has all the npper
anrfaoe greyish ashy-brown, with faintly darker Btriee down the
centre of the feathers on the bead, inter-s cap alar region, and
upper tail-coverts ; wings and tail dark brown, lighter below ;
the primaries very narrowly, and the secondariefi and coverts
margined with ashy ; throat white, with short brown shaft-IineB ;
the cheat shaded with light ashy-brown, forming an indistinct
cross-band, and, like the throat, the feathers are ceutered with
brown shaft-lines ; breast creamy white; abdomen, flanks, and
under tail-coverta white ; under wing-ooverla and azitlariee
creamy-white ; inner margin of the primaries and secondaries
below whitish. Total length, 5'2 ; wiugs, 3'15 ; tail, 2-4 ; tarsaB.
0 7 ; bill, 0-6.
112, — Pachtcephala bbunnba.
Bopsaltria brunnea, Rwmgay, P.L.S. of N.S. W,, vol. T, p. 391.
All the specimens of this species obtained were shot in thf
scrubs on the banks of the Laloki River. I have received no in-
formation on its habits, which I much regret, as I have grave
doubts as to Us genus ; the large bill woald place it with the
PacJtycephnlince, although the wiugs do not altogether agree with
those of the numbers of that genus.
OF NBW SOUTH WALB8. 288
CAMPBPHAGID^.
IXS.— Geaucalus strbnua, Schleg,, Ned. Tijdschr.y Dierk. IV,
p. U (1871).
2Jb. Gx>ldie's oolleotion contains some fine examples of this
species, they were obtained some 15 miles inland from Port
Mioresby. 1 believe this is the largest billed Graucalus known.
114' — G-BAUCALX7S MELANOPS, Lath ; Gould, Bds. Aust, fol.jVoL,
pi,
I have seen several specimens of this species from Port
M^oresby, none of which appear to me to diflfer from those of
^be same species foand in Northern Queensland.
^15.- — Gbaucalus angustifrons, Sharpe, Joum. Linn. Soc. Zool.
vol. XIII, No. 66, p. 81 (1876).
Although somewhat similar to G. hypoleucos, this species is
4^fce distinct, and may at once be distinguished by the paleness
^* the color on the head and the deep black frontal band, the
feathers of the lores and at the base of the upper mandible on
'be forehead are slightly raised above adjacent feathers.
116. — Edoliisoma melas, 8. Mull.
^^^ins melas. Leas, and Gam.; Less. Mam,. d^Orn. I, p. 128 (1828)
^**ipephaga marescotii ; Homh. et Ja^q., Voy. au Pole, Sud,
pi. X, fig. 2.
•*^his species is comparatively rare, two obtained were shot on
^ lialoki River.
117. — Gbaucalus (Edoliisoma) plumbea. Mull.
-^i:H)adbent's collection contains an adult male of a species of
^'Ucahbs which I think must be referred to this species. It is
^Soly allied to G. janrdmii, a little smaller, and has a short
*^U.8t bill. The lores are black, the whole of the upper and
^^<er surface plumbeous, the wings black margined outwardly,
^^t plumbeous narrowly on the primaries, which have a line of
^"^tie on the margin of the inner web ; all the tail feathers ex-
t^t^ the two centre ones black ; the central ones, except at the tip,
^^^ the bases of the three next on either side, washed with
984 THi PBOCBEDIHOS or thk lirxxu'
plDiubeooa ; all tbe under surface plambens, the axiUanes an
Diider wing oorerts, and the ends of a few feathers on the centc
of the abdomen barred trausf ersely with narrow white itnes, th
Ditder surface of the quills ashy blae. Total length, 8 8) win^
5-0; tail, 4-2; tarsas, 085; bill from forehead, 0*85; froi
nostril to tip, (f'65 ; from gape, 1 in.
Loe. Mountain scrubs, Goldie Biver. I r«gT«l I bare a
deeoriptbii of E. plwnlta, Moll, to refer to.
118. — Eoouiscnu, »p.
This apedes oomea terj dose to K. KAwtieepa (Homb. et Jacq.
I can find no description of it in way works at m; dispoe^ bi
as the bird is rommon in the Port SCoreabjr dtstrict and all alon
the Soalb-East Cowt, it ia -ppcAmiij ao old described species.
give a short descripttoo of the bird here, bj which it may easit
be reoogoised: —
JJmU Male. All the upper aaxt^x dark cin&aiaao, wings dar
browa, the aat«r wafaa mvgtBed with emnuBOB, the bead of
d«rker aad more laoiraMli ttat. lores hhrt-wifc, odea of the hea4
throat, oluit,aiid all the nndse' ani&ee rich bf^fat crimson, pal*
on tiw Bsder wins oovertK and tammt^ the base on the inna
webe of the qiilL?.
Total length. S< : win?. 47 ; tail. 4 ta ; tama, 0^ ; bill fro-
forriM«l,0-9.
There are se*vi»l speeineBs in the eoOeetiDB, both males ac
fmahs, the latter difler bvt hcUe fron the fanacK. I waa L
chned to consider this bird the fc— le of £. ■alas, bnt onl; ts
of thb bner speoes were obcaiaed whOe the faiHM.i woe l^ r
■eaaff t«i«
119.— Cj^khpu^ aoTm. 4^ ^ Smm^ **«^ m P%, Sw/., 9
IT. -if. i
I hare s««l ^wciawc:* .'f :ais specws ia ?g»wa] coUectici
inade aIon2 :h<; :^oas3 t'&f: Coui^ ja<i u Pen Monsbr. S>
SouBsl Ka^tJ*. <ic. X^tf TiauV ou^ tx>; bWk &)b: die ^sr^-
ex'.ifcd-ajr a^'iifr til? ^-,-a; : ill taw SMBiufs I saTW exaBUDO
Qav« uvK ui biiaL'*. JO '.S't -3n.iu.
or NSW SOUTH WALES. 285
120. — CiHPEPHAGA SLOETn, SoUeg.
One speoimen, an adult male, of this beautiful species sent bj
B]x>adbent, has the black of the throat extending well over the
ohest, and the yellow of the sides of the nape extends to the
of the head.
Gk>ldie River.
^21. — Lalagb bupiventris, Homh. et Jacq., Voy. cm Pole, 8ud,,
pi Xly fig. 1.
X^ all the specimens of this Ldlage I have seen from Port
-^^c>xresby, the flanks, abdomen, and under tail -coverts have been
®ti:*c>iigly tinged with rusty rufous ; the transverse bars on the
surface are narrow and close together ; the bills vary in size,
Some 0*05 longer than in others.
MELIPHAGID^.
. — Mtzomela obscura, Oould, Bds. Amt, fol. Vol, IF, pi. 67.
. — CONOPOPHILA ALBOGULABIS, Gould. Bds. Aust, fol. Vol. Jpl. 61.
fioth species are found abundant in the Port Moresby district,
^^ the banks of the Laloki ; the young of the latter species re-
^^ixible the adult, have the under surface white, with a dull
"'X>^wnish band across the chest
. — Stigmatops alboaubicularis, Ramsay. P.L.8. of N.8.W.,
vol. IIL, p. 76.
^r. Kendal Broadbent obtained this very distinct species
^^iiring a trip to the south-east end of the peninsula. It was
'Oixnd frequenting the mangroves and trees near the sea shore on
^ Small island off " Hater " Island. It is easily distinguished
*'X>jai the two Australian species by the extent of the minute
^^v-ery feathers behind the eye and near the gape.
. — Ptilotis gbbmana, Bamsa/y, P.L.8. of N.8.W., vol. IIL,
pt, 1, jp. 2.
I have only seen three specimens of this species from Port
^^oresby, but I believe it is also found on the islands in Torres
^tiraits. They were obtained on the Laloki River at a con-
siderable distance inland.
2M IBM FBOCBSDIMOi OF THI LIirKXAS BOOIETT
126. — Ptilotib AKiLoaA, RkH.
Ptilotis similiB, Jaeq. et Pitcher, Voy. ait Pole. Sud. Ois. p. 89-
Ptilotis Dotata, Owdd ; Ptilotia gracilis, Gould.
This species Beeme to be very onmerons on the Bootb coast of
New Guinea, and also on the ialandB of Torres Straits. Speci-
mens from Australia, obtained as far south as Rockingham Bay
and tbe Herbert River, do not differ materially in coloration from
the New Guinea apecimena. Among themselves they differ con-
siderably in size and in the extent of the back feathers, which in
Bome form a large tuft of fluffy feathers extending over half of
the upper tail-coverts; in one of the Port Moresby examples,
these feathers bavo stiff shafts, reach to tbe tips of the
secondarieB, and are !■+ inches in length. In tbta speci-
men, the narrow lino of yellow from tbe angle of tbe month
is continued below the eye and joins the ear-coverts Immedi-
ately behind the eye, and on the lores, and in a narrow line
below the gape, the coloring is of a darker brown, the bill is
Btraigbter and not so large in proportion to the size of the bird,
as is usual with Ptilotit similis, or P. iwlata, of Oonld, which I
believe in identical with tbe present species.
Total length of a Port Moresby apecimea, 6'5 ; wing, 3'2 ; tail,
3 ; tarsus, 0'9 ; bill from forehead, 07 ; from gape, 0'7,
12?. — EMtlotis versicolor, Gould. Bds. Auei. Handbook, I., p.
506; Bameaij, P.L.S., N.S.W., III., p. 111.
One specimen only from tbe Laloki River.
128. — XaHTHOTIS FILIOERA, Govld.
Tbe bird I have, with some doubt, assigned to this apecies,
differs from X. flige^a, of Gould, in having no whitish lines on
the nape, and the yellow line through the ear-coverts is of a much
deeper tint.
129. — Gliciphu.a sdbfasciata, Bameay, P.Z.S., 1868, p. 385;
Gould, Bds. New Gain., fol. vol. I, pi.
Mort«D obtained specimens of this species from the Laloki
River scrubs ; they differ slightly fronj the type specimens
figured by Mr. Gould, and may hereafter prove identical with 0.
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 287
ffiodesia of Dr. G. B. Gray ; it has, however, no markings on the
flanks, and the indistinct curved markings are confined to the
sides of the chest and breast.
130. — TrOPIDORHTNCHUS NOViB-GUINBiB, S. Mull
This is one of the most common birds about Port Moresby,
traversing the district in flocks of from ten to twenty in number ;
feeding in the fruit trees and frequenting also those in flower,
paHacularly the Erythrina, or " coral " trees. Like the New South
W'ales T, comieulaius, they proved themselves a noisy and pugna-
cious species.
131.— Melithreptus albogulaeis, Oould. Hcmdbook Bds. Auat
J. j9., 571 ; Ramsay y List Aust Bds,, sp, 394
This widely-distributed species appears to be plentiful among
the scrubs on the Laloki River ; it frequents various flowering
^en and shrubs. There is not the slightest difference in plumage
<^tween the Port Moresby specimens and those I obtained in
Queensland. This species was very common to the south-east
*^wards Teste Island.
CINNYRID^.
1^2. — CiNNTRis FRENATUS, 8. MulL, Verrhandl. p. 173 (1843) ;
Shelley f Hon. Oinnyr, pi. III, pi.
^'^Udging from the number of specimens obtained, this species
^^st be very plentiful on the south coast and at Port Moresby ;
"^ost of those obtained were collected on the banks of the Laloki
. ^©r. The nest is an oblong purse-like structure, with an open-
S On the side, the entrance being concealed by a hood. It is
^^pended from the top to the end of some drooping leafy bough
** '^ne, and composed of skeletons of leaves, mosses, spider's
^^, &c., all matted and closely interwoven. The eggs are
^^*^e in number, whitish or pinkish white, with reddish spots
^^^ dots, some sparingly, others thickly blotched. The young
^^^^tnble the females. I have also received specimens of this
2^^^ieB from Duke of York Islands, collected by the Rev. George
'^'Wn. It is found in Australia as far south as Port Denison,
^^^ is common at Trinity Bay and on the Johnstone River.
SBS THt PBOCIEOIKSB OP THB UHHKAII KOivrr
13;i. — CiNNTRis ABPi8i«, Lm»., Fbjf. Oog. 2^ooi. J., p. 676, Wo. 100.
pL ZO.Jlg. 1 (1826) ; Shelley, Mon. Cinwr., pi. T.,fig. 2.
Specimens of thia beautiful Son-bird were obtained by
Morton on the Laloki River, in habits, and actions it closely re-
Bemblog the Australian Sun-bird, 0. frenata, S. Mull ; builds the
same kind of neat, and lays two to font eggs, white, with Btnall
blackish dots on the larger end.
This species was by no means common. On comparing it
with those obtained by the Rev, George Brown at the Dnke of
York Islanda,* I find it smaller in all its measorementa, and the
males from Port Moresby have a more viclel-piirple tint on the
throat ; the wings are browner, but this may be from immaturity ;
the tail is shorter, and the bill longer and narrower. From
Captain G. E. Shelley's excellent monograph. I take the Port
Moresby bird to be G. aspofim, of Lesson ; and those from the
Duke of Tork Islands I should take to be 0. asptuioidee, were it
not for the lilao purple tinge on the throat ; but the Duke of
York birds have mora of a steel-bine tinge than those from Port
Moresby, The following are the measurements of a male from
•ft«b tocttUty : —
ItakBOfTnk Ton
Total lui^ (nMnDCctnl to tip ot t&il ... 3'T ... 3-7
Cobnen 0-8S ... 09*
BiUfTomfonhMd -86 ... 0-9
Width at nortril (H6«,M2 - 0-13
„ „Bap« )M*,0-a6? ... O-ig
yriBg a-45 ... 2«
Tail l-T ... 1-5
Taima (WS ... 0-6
ZOSTEBOPn>.£.
1S4. — ZosTVBOPS uuramosiws, «p. noa.
A<imU UaJ*. AU tbe npper saH*oe gt«etush yellow, wing^
.tnd tat) dark bmwn. ontwardly margined with groenish yellow:
under wiiif-<Mvi>rts whiv, rinjred with yellow on the shoulders =
innor webs of ihc quills, crivpi *i the tips, white ; all the nude^
■ Siiv* •iMint ihr »h,-if 1 f.fj l>r SiCi-ninn .Irri drOa Aral' Jec St Tor, XIII^S
OF NBW SOUTH WALES. 289
surface yellow, brightest on the throat ; abdomen and under tail-
ooverts slightlj tinged with greenish yellow on the sides and
flanks ; lores yellow, narrow ring ronnd the eye white, bill yellow,
tinged with brownish at the tip ; feet olive grey.
. Total length, 4 in. ; wing, 2*5 ; tail, 1'45; tarsus, 07 in. ; bill
from forehead, 0*7 in., from gape, 0*75; from nasal groove to
tip, 0*4.
Loo. Heath Island — (firoadhent),
PLOOBID^.
135. — ^MuNiA CANiCBPS, Sahod.
Donacola nigriceps (Jwo.), Bamsay, P,L»8.y N.S.W.^ vol I., p 393.
In the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of N.S.W., above
quoted, I described this species as the young of the following —
M, ndgriceps. Both are found in the Port Moresby district,
frequenting the grassy slopes and ravines; but M, canters is less
plentiful and was obtained further inland.
136. — ^DoNAOOLA NIGRICEPS, EamsoAf, P.Z,8. of N.SnW, L 392;
Sharpe op. cit, XIH,, p, 601.
This species is allied to Donacola casta/neothoraXf of Gould, from
N.S.W., but it is easily distinguished by the much darker head,
and the upper tail-coverts. They were found plentiful all over
the district ; but appearing only at times in large floeks, and like
many of the Australian species, frequenting the undulating grass
lands and borders of the scrubs.
Order OOLXJMBiE.
TRBRONIN^.
137. — ^PniiOPUS GBSTROi, Salvad, and D^Alb.; Arm. Mua. Oiv.
Genov. VII. p. 834 (1875).
One specimen only from Mr. Broadbent's collection.
Loc, GK>ldie River.
138.— Ptilopus iozonus, 0. B. Gr., P.Z.8., 1858, i>. 185.
This species was not found plentiful near Port Moresby. " Iris
wbite, bill red at base, yellow at tip, legs red,"
V THK LIiniBAN SOCIBTT
139.— Ptilopdb feblatcs, Tmm., PI. Ool. 5S9 (1835).
Tiro specimoDB from Mortou'e and Goldie'a collection, and one
from Broadbent's, of this fine species were all that were obtained
— two adalt males in fell plamage and one yonng, in which the
lake spots on the wings were of a much less int-ease tint. In the
colouring of the tail and ander corerta they agree more with
Plilopui xonttrm of Salvadori (_Prod. Ornith. Papuas, et Molwx.,
Ami. Mus. Gimic. St. Nat. Genov. IX. (notu.) p. 197),
140.— Ptilopob ooeonulatos, G. B. Gr. P.Z.S. 1858, p. 185.
This sptecies appears to be veiy plentifiil. Numbers were ob-
tained, both daring Mr. Gcoldie'a first expedition and by Morton
and Blandeu during htn second, on the Laloki River, feeding on
berries and fruit of the native figtrees.
141. — Ptiiopus PtiLCHiLLOs, T&mm., PI. OoL 564 (1835).
Only one specimen of this beantifnl little dove was obtained ;
it waa shot about twenty miles inland, near the Laloki Biver.
Iris orange, bill yellow, feet purple.
142.— Ptilopds ADEiirriFBONS, 0. B. Qr. P.Z.S. 1858, p. 185.
Saload. Ann. Mvs. Omc Oenov. IX., p. 197.
This appears to be also a scarce species, only one was obtained
by Mr. Goldie.
143. — Ptilopus rivolii, Prevost; Knvp. Pig. II.pl. 57.
I believe I am correct in assigning a large collection of white-
chested Ptilopi before me to this species ; they agree very well
with P, rivolii, from the Duke of York group The rose-parple
of the breast is connected with the white chest band, but in
some it is absent altogether, or there is visible merely a trace of
this color. The white feathers of the cheat are crossed with a
curved bar of lemon-yellow near the tip, which gives a decided tint
of yellow to the whole band ; this yellow tint is also observable
in the Uuke of York specimens, when fresh, but by degrees it
fades out. Mr. Goldio's and Broadbent's collection contained a
large series, males, females, and young, from Teste Island. The
young are of a uniform green, having only the lower part of t^
A
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 291
abdomen, under tail-coverts, and crissmn, yellow ; this wonld
seem to separate them from P. prastnorrJums, of Dr. Gray ; but I
think this last species is founded only on an immature male of
P. rivoUi. P. strophimn of Mr. Gould appears to be much the
same in plumage, but larger. The rose-purple on the chest is
only attained by adult birds, many in the series being without it.
I am inclined to look on P. rivolii, P. si/rophium^ and P. prasi-
norrhous as mere varieties of one and the same species.
!Ha5. Deboyne Island, Teste Island, Cloudy Bay, Blunden
River, &c.
I can find but little, if any, difference between this species and
P. helhts, of Sdater— except it be in the extent of red on the
front. The yellow of the breast fades out iu dried skins ; the red
on the fore part of the head extends to opposite the iris.
Total length, 9 in.; wing, 6*1 in.; tail, 3*1; tarsus, 0.83 j
bill, from forehead, 0*9 ; bill, from gape, 1*1,
144. — Ptilopus superbus, Temm, Bamsay, P,Z,8: lS76,p, 114;
G(ytild, Handbook Bds. Aust II, p. 108.
Several specimens were obtained by Mr. G oldie during his
first and second expedition, and by Mr. K. Broadbent ; they are
quite the same as the Queensland specimens.
145.— Megaloprepia poliura, Sahad. Arm, Mus. Oimc., Nat
Eist, Genova XII, (1878), i?. 426.
Megaloprepia puella, Bam^8ay, {nee Less,), P. Lin. Soe, N.8. W. I,
p, 394 ; id III, p. 103.
One of the most common species, taking the place of M.
{usimtlds and M. magnifiea, and differing frt)m M. puella, of Lesson,
in having the tail below grey.
146. — Oarpophaga mulleri, Temm., PI. Col, 666 (1835).
This fine species appears to be plentiful, the collection containg
many specimens. The sexes are alike in plumage, and travel
about in pairs, feeding on various berries and wild fruits.
147. — Cabpophaga zobj:. Less., Voy, Coq. Zool, Atlas, pi 39 (1826).
This appears to be a rare species, as only one or two were ob-
tained during the expedition ; " iris white, bill black, feet
paiple-red " (K. B.i ; lalteri/ BnMdbent obtained
■Bens hr inland on tbe iMxiDtaiB rangea.
l*B.—CuaoFmi6A nxu, Q«oy. awl Gaim. Fag. dt rVim. g^
f. MS, pL 28(1^4.).
This &M pigOOB proved to be one of tike aunt plentifal; ^j-
w«ra fbood ■cnrii*iii(; in flocks of eight lo t«n
were often band ft^^i^g in the nafire fig ti«es i
Jf. tpSorrlKM snd P. eprtHHiialw.
149. — CAiroFHieA vis-inmi, Com., Proc Aeai. IlmLid, JBSt,
P.S20.
A krga mmber of this specin mem obtained on tlw miilli i^
end of tibe island, oa Detwrne Island, snd at BnunUe Haran.
I find DO diffiarencw between tbenennd thoae {ram tbe Dnb <rf
York Islands.
150.— Cafioraaas (ffloUMn) PAcmaL, Om.; Sabndori. JS.
•idia SmIs Aeoad, &. di 2bnno X/27; 21, Omum (1879).
, agl'mlug weD willi Dr. SalTadorTs deeoip-
lee. Teste Island, Sontb East Cai>e, &e, (GeUto, Bnaibad,
BUmin)
151.— CuroFHAfiA KcnoAsiKR, Q, H Ooim^ Vof. AakvL f. 24^
fi. 27, (1S90).
C.Ta&Ye)atii3,Sakad.,Anm.M<u.Gwv:.Ji St. SiBtOt^a^f^i
One spedmeii only obtained bj Broadbou, 4v ndles inland.
The figure in tbe Voyage de rAsbolafae is not good, and
witboat the description would be onretx^nBaUe ; tbe ramp and
npper tail-oorerts sbonld be of tbe same tint aa tbe ba^ two-
thirds of tbe tafl of a rich bronsy pnrple. " Iris, skin rownd tbe
eye, and feet red ; legs black.** (K.B.).
152.— MiKiSTiciTOB* 8PILOBBH01, G. B. Or., P.ZJB., 1858, f. 186.
One of the meet common species; found alsoraD oicr Ifce
ifilandi in Torres Straita in immense flocks, whoe, at iD^rt, tbaf
freqaently rooet in the mangroTes in ench Diimbers ss to whit^
OF NEW SOITTH WiXES. 293
tihe tops of the trees. Tbey are fonnd as far south as Port
Denison. I believe the species found on New Ireland and Duke
of York Islands to be Jlf . luciuosa (or M, hicolor) ; however, it is
certainly not the same as that from Australia, which must retain
Ghray's name of spUorrhoa. Eggs, two in number — white, oblong.
Length 1*8 in.^ breadth 1*25 in. (From E. Broadbent.)
COLUMBID^.
153. — lAKTHiENAS ALBOOULABIS, Bp,
lanthsBnas rawlinsoni, Sharpe ; Nature/ Aug. 17^%, 1876.
This beautiful species, first obtained by Messrs. Broadbent and
Petterd during Mr. Stone's expedition, seems still to be rare ; it
was only met with on one or two occasions. Morton obtained
one, and I think a bird in Mr. Goldie's collection may also be
referred to this species.
154. — Rbinwaedtxbna rbinwardth, Temm. PI. Ool.y 248 (1825);
SaJ/vad. Ann. Mus. Oivic Oenov. vol. 2X., p. 203 (1876-7).
Two specimens, adult male and female, from Broadbent's col-
lection, obtained in the mountain scrubs, about forty miles inland
firom Port Moresby. '' Iris and sikin round the eye and the base
of the bill red, tip of bill black, legs and feet red." (K.B.).
155. — Maoboftgia amboineksis, Lmn. Syst. Nat. J., p. 286, n
38 (1766) ; Sahad. Arm. Mus. Oimc. 8t. Nat Oenov. ZJI, 431.
Found frequenting the more dense parts of the scrubs, on the
banks of the Laloki River. I have seen specimens from the
Ara (?) Islands, Hall Sound, and the Duke of York Islands.
Family GOURID^.
156. — Geopblu humeralis, Temm. Tram,8. Lmn. 8oc. XIII., p.
128 (1821).
One specimen only obtained.
157. — Gbopblja plaoida, Ghmld. HoMdbh, Bds. Aust. II., p. 145,
Very common everywhere in the more open parts of the
oonntry ; usually found in pairs or small troops of four to six in
nnmber. I find no difference between the present specimens and
iliose from Boddngham Bay.
THB FBOCBKDISQS
158. — Chalcopbaps chrtsochlora, Wagl., 8yst. Av. Columba q:
79 (1827).
Common, in the scrabs ; fonad feeding on the gronnd. The
plumage is of a slightly darker tint than the New South Wales
individuals.
159. — ChaWOPHAPs diEPHANi, Pueher and Jaoq. Voy. an Pole.
Sud. Zool. nX, p. 119 (1853).
Not common. On comparing the Port Moresby specimens with
those obtained by Rev. George Brown on Duke of York Island,
I found the former of a much deeper tint both on the back and
breast. The young are of a dull blaokiah brown above, the tips
of the winga, iving-co verts, and scaputaries margined vrith
rufous ; a tinge of rufous on the front and sides of the head ; the
under surface is of a slaty grey on the centre of tho chest and
abdomen, on the remainder blackish slate color ; the tips of the
feathers rufous on the chest.
160. — Chalcophaps jobiensis, Sokleg.
ChaJcophaps margaritte, 8ahad. and D'Alb. Atm. Miis. Oiv. Qen.
VII, p. 836 (1875).
Thia beautiful apeciea appears to be rare both at Port Moresby
and elsewhere on the South Coast. Its range also ext«nd9 on to
New Ireland and Duke of York Island.
161. — GouRA ALBERTisi, Sohad. Aili. R. Ac. 8c. Tor. IX., p. 680.
(. ril (1876).
During Morton's stay at the Laloki River this magnificent
bird was found frequenting the scrubs on the banks of the river
in immense nambers, sometimes flocks of from ten to thirty
in number were met with. They frequent the ground nnder
the native figtrees, and other berry-bearing trees and shrubs,
feeding on the fruits knocked down while other species of pigeons
and doves are feeding above them ; when disturbed they betake
themaelves to the lower branches of some neighbonring tree,
from whence they are easily shot. During the heat of the day
they prefer the more dense parts of the scrabs, where, perched
OF NBW SOtJTH WALS8. 296
upon some low branches, they may be seen preening and cleaning
their feathers. On one occasion a small troop was met with on
a dry sandy part of a scrub, dosting themselves like barn-door
fowls in the sand. The crest, which sometimes obtains an ex-
panse of 8 to 9 inches, seems to be immovable, always being
carried in the same position. Daring September to Dcember,
before the severe drought had broken up, the Gourets were
so plentiful, that nearly two hundred of these fine pigeons
were shot. Like other species of Qowra^ the gizzards of all
examined contained one very large pebble, frequently
of quartz, the largest obtained being about 1^ inches iu
diameter. The natives of Port Moresby prize these pebbles very
highly, wearing them suspended round their neck, rolled up in a
leaf, as a charm, believing that this insures success in hunting.
Hah, Cloudy Bay, Blunden River, the Laloki and Goldie
Rivers, &c*
CALCENADID^.
162. — Cal(BNAs nicobaeica. Linn. Syst. Nat. I, p, 383, n. 27 (1766)
SaJ/Dod. Ann, Mus, Owic Oenov. vol, IX, p, 208.
Large numbers of this fine pigeon were obtained on Deboyne
Island and the adjacent islands. There is no difierence between
these individuals and those obtained by the Rev. George Brown
on New Ireland and Duke of York Islands.
GALLING.
MBGAPODID^
163. — Mboapodius du-peeebyi, Less. Scdvadori cund D* Albert, t c.
p. 838 ; Bamsay, op. dt. X, p. 394 ; id op. dt III. p.
This is the common species, usually found in the scrubs on the
banks of the Laloki River. The mounds resemble those of the
Queensland M. tumulus, being heaps of leaves and debris scratched
leather to the height of about four feet and about ten feet dia-
meter at the base. £)ggs of a rich ocraoeous or pinkish brown,
8*8 m length by 2*06 in breadth.
XW TBI PBOOUBmHAa or thi homsur aocinr
164. — TALBOiltua Fuscraosmia ; SalvadoH, Ann. Mns. Ciw>.
Gewm. IX., p. 334.
Megapodina onvieri, £c»«. BMnsay, F.L.S., N.8.W., I., p. SH,
id. vol J7,p. 112.
This Nem Goioea species is about the aame size aa the Aastra-
lian TaUgalla. The eggs are of the same shape and form, and
of the aame color as those of all the species of Megapodvis that
have come ander my notice. The eggs of the Talegalla proper, are
of a pare white, and different in texture from those of the genus
Megapodiun.
This species waa by no means plentiful, only a few specimens
being secured.
PERDIOID-ffl.
165. — Stnoiccb CBRvnni3, Oould. Bdi. Attsl. Handbook, II., p. 195.
Thig species is not uncommon in the graaay islands in tlie
Straits, and was also procorod near Port Moresby by Mr. Goldie,
Morton, and Broadbent, The eggs are five to seven in
number, creamy white, with minute dota of brown. Length 1'2
in., breadth 0-f»S in.
Order GRALL^.
IBID^.
166.— NiTMEurus ctahopub, V. ; Gray, HandlUt Birds, III., p. 42.
One specimen only obtained to the sonth-east of Port Moresby,
at Kerapoona, Hood's Lagoon.
167. — Ndmeniijs droptgialis, Gould. Bda. Aust, fol. VoL VI,
pl4S.
One specimen from Kerapoona.
CHARADRIID.ffi.
168, — LOBrvANELLUS MILES, Bodd.
Seyeral specimens, some from the Laloki Biver, others from
the lagoon, near Boiara.
•na PIKOCSXBIKGS Of THB LIKITSAK 800IBTT 297
169. — Squatorola hslyetioa, L, ; Qray, HcmdUgt of Birds, TLI,
p. 13.
One specimen only, from Port Moresby.
170. — ^^GiALins GBOFFEOTi, Wagler, Syst Av, Ohar., 8p. 19.
Two specimens obtained at Kerapoona, or Hood^s Lagoon, near
the sea beach.
171. — ^^GiALins HUTiouLA, Linn, Syst Nat i, p. 253.
Several specimens of both sexes,, adults and yonng, in various
stages of plumage, shot on the Laloki River. I can find no
material difference between these and the European examples of
JE, hioHcfida, except in the greater extent of white on the fore-
head and on the outer two tail feathers.
SCOLOPACIDiB.
172. — Trinqa 0RA88IR08TRIS, Temm.
Schceniclus magnns, GhuLd. Bds. Avist,f6L Vol. YI.,pl. 33.
This species was found abundant on all the low islands in
Torres Straits.
One specimen, from Boiara.
173.— Acnns htpoletjcus, L. Gray, HcmdUst Bds,, III, p. 46 ;
Gould, Bds. Aust, fol. voL VI, pi, 35.
One specimen, from Teste Island, and one from Boiara.
174. — Gambetta pulveeulbntus, Mull
Tetanus griseopygius, Chuld, BdB, Aust,, fol, vol, VI, pi, 38.
One skin only obtained from East Cape.
RALLID^.
175. — Rallina tricolor, G. E, Gray, P.Z,8. 1858. p, 188;
Ramsay, P,Z,8,, 1875, jp. 603 ; GhuLd, 8upp, Bds. Aust, foL
Vol, I, pi, 78.
One specimen was obtained by Mr. Gk)ldie on the Laloki
Biver.
176. — PoRPHYRio MELANOPTERUS, Temm.
^ Red-bills " were found common, both on the banks of the
Laloki and onthe shores of a lagoon near the river.
177. — Gallindi* TEtfHBHoaA, OoyJd. I'.Z.S., pt. XIV., p- 20.
(1878).
I find the collection oontains a single eiample, which, I
believe, is referable to this species ; it was shot on the edge of a
small lagoon near the Laloki Birer.
178. — Gallinula EDFiCKiBSA, Qould. Suppl. Bds. Aust. Vol. I.
pi 79.
One specimen only obtained.
PARRID^.
179, — Pabsa novs-gdinj:, Ramsay. In lit. tmd Meg. Hotai,
Feb., 1878.
A &ne aeriea of this species, nfaich, 1 believe, haa hitherto
been confonnded with Parra gallinacea., Temm.
I transcribe, from my note-book of above date, the following
description of this species which was first obtained by Mr. J. H.
Shaw, who accompanied Mr. Ooldie, at a lagoon, Qfteen miles
inland from Boiara, and about twenty-five miles west of Port
Moresby.
Adult Male. Total length, 7 in.; wing, 6 in.; tail, 1-7;
tarsus, 2'1; tibia, 3 in. ; hind toe, 1 In. ; its nail, 2-7; expanse
of foot and nails, 7 in. ; mid toe, 2-15 ; its nail, 0-9 ; outer toe,
2-35; itsnaU, 0.8; inaer toe, 19; ita nail, 1 in; bill, from the
eye, 1'25; from gape, 1 in.; length of comb from nostril to
hinder margin, 1'15 ; its width, 0 '65 ; its height, 0-3 (miiry siMi).
Color, bright reddish-orange (probably deep reddish fiesh color
in living birds). Bill, black at the tip, yellowish-red at the base ;
legs and feet, olive green. A small spot at the base of the bill,
the crown of the head, nape, and back of the neck, interacapniar
region, back, upper tail-coverts, tail, breast, and sides, fianks,
nnder wing-coverts, and both the upper and under anrface of the
wings, as well as the primaries and the secondaries, deep black ;
median wing-coverts and scapularies very dark rich olive-brown,
with a slight metallic tinge of greenish and purple gloss.
Abdomen and under tail-coverts whit-e ; chin, throat, sides of the
head and neck, and the upper part of the chest, white ; along the
OF NEW SOUTH WALS8. 299
sides of the head, and extending over the ear-ooverts and in a
narrow line down the side of the neck, separating the black of
the apper from the white of the nnder side, is a stripe of a light
glossy orange tint, whch extends in a band of the same color
across the chest, margining above t^e jet black of the breast. The
female is aboat one-fifth larger in size.
Mr. Shaw informs me that this species was rather plentiful at
these lagoons, bat, nevertheless, very shy ; and as the water was
deep, and abounding in crocodiles, only those which were shot
dead near the margin were obtained. They were found walking
on the leaves of a species of Nymphea, and in habits closely
resemble the Pcurra gallinacea of New South Wales.
The young have the crown of the head rufous as in the New
South Wales species.
HERODIONES.
Family ARDEID^.
180. — BuTOBiODES JAVANiCA, Horsf,; Sharpe, Jov/m, Lmn. 8oc.
ZooL XIII, p, 320 ; Bamsay, List. Aust Bds. sp, 628 ;
Oouldf Handbook Bds, Aust, 11, sp. 561.
A specimen of this bittern was obtained on the Laloki Biver.
It does not differ in any way from the Cape York and Queens-
land birds of the same species. It was the only one seen during
the expedition, but probably the mangrove flats, where this
species loves to dwell, were not closely examined. In New
South Wales this species is by no means rare ; they are found
breeding in the mangroves on the Hunter and Clarence rivers ;
and are common in similar situations at the mouth of the Herbert
Biver. The nest is a scanty structure of a few dry sticks, placed
crosswise on a horizontal bough ; the eggs two to four, occa-
sionally five in number, of a beautiful greenish-blue, about the
sise or a little smaller than the eggs of the common domestic
fowl*
181. — BoTOROiDBS FLAYicoLLis, Oovld. Bds. austfol. Vol VI, pL 65.
One specimen only. Lalold River.
I
900 TBS PBOCBKCItriM OF THJt inritBUf bocixtt
182. — TloBiSOMA HELioaiLA, Less. Voy. Ooq. fl. 44; Sharps, Jmem.
Linn. Soe. Zool XIII., p. 321.
Mr. Goldie Bncceeded in obtaining three fine specimens of this
beautiful bittern during his excuraiona about Port Moresby. In
every instance, I am informed, they were found aitting on the
thicker branches of large trees overhanging or near to the water.
183. — Ntcticorax caledonicds, Lath. Gould, Eds. Avat Sand-
hook, II., sp. 557 ; Ucvmsay, Idsf of Auet. Sds., sp. 624
The Nankeen night-heron is not very plentiful in the Port
Moresby district, bnt those specimens obtained are ondonbtedly
the same as the New South Wales birds, nor can I find any im-
portant differences in those from the Duke of York Islands.
184. — Heeodias qaezetta, Linn. Oould, Bda. AuBt. Handbook II,.
Bp. 552.
Specimens, which I refer to this species, were observed on the
L&Ioki Biver ; but only a few were obtained daring the trip.
185. — Demiboeetta bacea, Gmel.
The common white reef heron, plentiful on all the reefs at low
water throughout the Straits and South East Coast The Aus-
tralian Museum possesses a very fine series of this species in
varioas stages of plumage.
186. — Mtctebia austbalis, Gould.
Several specimens of this fine bird were observed, bnt were too
wary to admit of a near approach.
Order AN8ERB8.
Family AN ATID.^.
187. — Tadorna radjah, Temm.
This fine species of wood duck seems plentiful all along the
Sonth Coast £!ggs obtained from the natives are of a creamy
white. Length, 2 in ; breadth, ]'6 in.
OF KBW SOUTH WALB8. 301
188. — Dbkdeoctgna guttata, Farstm; Sahad. and D^Alh. tc, p.
839 ; Saload. te, p. 49 ; Sha/rpe, tc p. 605, Bamsay^ P.L.S,
N.iS.ir.,IZ, p. 395.
This is a common species on all the rivers and lagoons near
Poii Moresby. They breed in holes in the trees. The yonng
attain the spots on the flanks at an early age, probably after the
first montL
189. — Dbndeoctgna vagans, Eyton; Sahad,, op, dt, IX, p, 49 ;
Shoflrpe, op, cit, p. 505.
This species was not found to oe so olentifnl as the pre-
oeeding ; habits the same.
Loe. Laloki Biver.
190. — ^Anas castanba, Eyton; Eamsay, P,L.8,, N,8,W,, III,,
p. 116; Oould, Bds. AusL, fol, , vol, VII, pi. 11.
Tolerably plentiM on sheets of water of any extent, and fonnd
at times in the salt water marshes and mangrove flats at low
tides.
191. — Anas supbbciliosa, Gm, Gra/y, Hamdlist of B., Til, p, 82;
Sharpe, f.c., p, 605.
Specimens, not in any way diflering from our Australian birds
of this species, were obtained on the Laloki River ; also found
occasionally on the mangrove flats and at Shaw's Lagoon.
Order GAVIJE.
LARID^.
STERNINiB.
192. — Sterna anglioa, Mont,; Saunders, P,Z,S,, 187, p,
Gelochelidon macrotarsa, Chuld, Bds, Aust, Supp, fol. vol, I, pi.
81 ; Handbook, id, II, sp, 608.
One specimen obtained by Mr. Ooldie during his trip to Oou-
iance Island.
193 — Sterna bebgeri, Leckt. ; Oould, Bds, Aust, Handbook II,
p. 394, «p. 601 ; Bamsay, List Aust, Bds,, sp, 680.
Common throughout the Torres Straits,
308
TBB PBOCBIDHrOB 0
THB USWSilf BOOIXIT
194. — SrEBHA ANa;aTH£TA, Scop.
Sterna panayensis, Gould, SandbooJe Bdg. AusL vol, II, p. 411,
Odb flpecimen only from Port Moresby.
IM. — Stebkj HEXJlNAnCHKN, Temm.; Saunders, P. Z.S. {1876),
p. 661.
Not ancommon in Torres Straits and at South Cape.
Order PTGOPODES.
FamOy PODIOIPID^.
196. — PUCICEPS NOVa-eOLLANDia.
ris, Gould; Bds. Avtt. Handbook II, p. 513.
Two apecimens only obtained, shot by Morton and Blunden oi
Iho Laloki River. Thee
I Lis apeeiea from Ne^
) the only individnala I have a
Order STEG \NOPODES.
PELEOANID^-
197, — PELECAHltS CONSPICILLATCS, Tevim.
Seen on several occasions, but none obtained.
198---Pi.OTna NOva;-HOLLANDi,E, Ooitld, Bds. Augt. Himdbook U,
gp. 667 ; Bamsay, List Aast. Bds., sp. 732.
Several specimens, obtained by Mr. Goldie and Mr. H.
Sliaw while encamped at Shaw's Lagoon, fifteen miles inland
from " Boiara," a village on the coast, abont twelve miles to the
north-west of Port Moresby. I have also scon a specimen from
the Laloki River, obtained during Mr, Goldie's first expedition.
199. — PhALACROCOEAX MELANOLBDCnS, Vieill.
Only one specimen obtained, shot about fifteen miles inland
from Port Moresby.
A
OF NEW SOUTH M'ALBS. 903
200. — ^Tachtpetes aquila, Lmn,; Gould, EandhooJc Bds. Aust II,
p, 499 ; Bwmsay, List Aust. Bds,., sp, 743.
One specimen obtained on the sea coast at Kerapoona, sixty
miles east of Port Moresby.
Common thronghont the Straits.
201. — SuLA CTANOPS, Sundevall.
Snla personata, Oould; Handhh. Bds. Aust II, p. 506.
This fine species is far from rare in Torres Straits, and was
also met with on many of the small islands towards East Gape.
Species omitted from foregoing List,
202. — BUPETES GOLDIEI, Sp. fWV.
AduU, — Front and crown of the head, fix)m the calmen, the nape
and hind neck, and all the npper surface of the body, upper tail-
coverts, and two centre tail feathers, and the wings olive brown ;
shoulders and upper wing-coverts black, those nearest the scapu-
lars brown on the outer webs, primary quills washed with black
on the basal portion of their outer webs ; a stripe of black from
the nostrils, taking in the lores, eye, and upper part of the ear-
09verts extends to the side of the occiput, but does not extend
round the back of the head ; below this a stripe of pure white
from the base of the lower mandible to the end of the ear-
ooverts ; chin, throat, and chest black, bounded on either side
firom the chest downwards, by a stripe of rich chestnut, which
widens out on the sides of the breast, and extends in a broad
band to the flanks, central part of the breast, and the abdomen
white, bounded on either side by a series of lanceolate black
marks, which extend from the black of the chest, on either side,^
on to the outer webs of the under tail-coverts, but forming
roundish spots in those feathers near the vent ; under tail-
ooverts white, with a broad stripe of black on their outer webs ;
tail black, except the two centre feathers and the apical portion
of the inner webs of the next two on either side, the two outer
feathers (at least) on either aide largely tipped with white;
under wing'covertB white, mottled with block, under anrface of
the quilia hrown ; bill black ; legs and feet and nails (_ut videtw)
light brown.
Total length, about 9 in. ; wing, 4 in. ; tail, 4 in, ; tarsofl,
1-3 in. Bill, from forehead, 1 in. ; from gapo, 1'18 ; from nostril
to tip, 0-6.
Loe. — This very distinct and beantifnl species was obtained by
Mr, Goldie about sixty miles inland from Port Moresby.
The apeoimen has, unfortunately, been shot Ihroagh the neck
and much damaged ; the black from the sides of the head
may probably join, behind the white ear-coverts, to the black of
the breast, the feathers are wanting in this specimen.
203.— Pleciosrtmcha stictocbph*lus.
Pycnonotus (?) etictocephalae, Sahmd. ; Ann. Mus. Oio. St. Nat.
Gemm. 19, Oct., 18?6-?.
Total length, 9 in ; wing, 4-6 in ; tail, 4-2; tarsaa, 0'95; bill
from forehead, 0'9 in, from gape, 1-05, from nostril, 0-6.
Bill bom brown, legs and feet blackish slate color. The whole
of the upper part of the bead, occiput and nape, blackish
brown, each feather narrow, pointed, and laneolate, with the ex-
treme tip white ; sides of the face and ear-coverts dark brown.
with a slight glossy tint ; all the upper and under surface of the
body, winga, and tail dull brown ; the under wing-coverts
and inner webs of the qnills of the winge and tail, on th
under anrface, washed with brownish buff; nnder tail-CDreH
dall white, with narrow brown shaft stripes ; the shafts of t)
tail Feathers above reddish browif. There ie also an indication
a whit« stripe from the angle of the month to below the eye, I
the throat and neck are in such a bad state that it is impossibh
describe these parts correctly.
TjOC, Gloldie River.
204.—- MlOEi:CA ALBOFHONTATA, «p. nov.
A line from the culmen, to the crown of the head, and the
put, blackish-brown ; wings and tail blackish-brown, a Uttle li
OF 5BW SOUTH WALB8. 305
brown on the under surface ; shoulders and upper wing*-coverts
Uackish; hind neck, interscapular region, scapulars and back
very light ashj-white. A white patch at the hase of the bill on
either side extends to above the eye, but not beyond it ; on the
lores, just in front of the eye, a small spofc of hlackish-brown ;
the chin, ear-coverts, throafc, sides of the neck and the whole of
the under surface, also under and upper tail-coverts, pure white ;
under wing-coverts dark brown ; bill, legs, and feet, black.
Total length, 5 in. ; wing, 8*9 ; tail, 2*5 ; tarsus, 0*65 ; bill,
from forehead, 0*6 in. ; from gape, 07 ; from nostril, 0'36 ; width
at gape, 0*5.
This well m'l^ked species was discovered by Mr. Ooldie in the
scrubs of the Goldie River, at a considerable distance inland.
EXHIBITS
The Hon. W. Macleay, M.L.C, exhibited the fish Amjphisile
Komis described by him, and the shell Vimpara Alisoniy described
by Mr. Brassier.
N. N. de Mikluho-Maclay exhibited drawings of Melanesian
natives, showing the strange effects produced hy Macrodontism.
Mr. T. A. Tenison- Woods displayed a singular instance of a
photograph being converted into a negative, and all the lights
reversed by an instantaneous application of electrical conditions,
the explanation of which is not yet known.
Mr. Brazier exhibited a splendid series of Cylmdrella from the
West Indies and South America, also of i^trophia, sent to him by
Mr. J. H, Thomson, of Massachussetts, viz., 0. interrupta,
ehordcUa, irilcmiellataf producta, vignalensis, Turcasiana, perlata,
EUioUi^ Brooksianay HoUandi, scahosa, Blainiana, Ha/nleyana,
ducorSf TeneriensiSf semimtda, gracilis, decoUatum, and Strophia
Martensi, glamuva, Oycloatoma rudis, and sub-fossil.
IHK PEOCBBDIBas OP THK LrXNElN SOCIRTT
MONDAY, OOTOBEB 28th, 1878,
The PreBident, W. J. Stephehs, Esq., M.A., in the
Chail^l
MEUBEKS ELECTED.
W. R. Campbell, Esq., of Trigamon Station, Warialda.
G. H. Rajnor, Esq., of Kings Scliool, Parramatta.
The Seoretaiy reported that F. W. Hntton, Esq., Profeasi
of Zoology at the Otago Dniversity, had been elected an HZ^
Member. ^^m
_ Froi
H$Voi
a " La Sociote HoUandaise des Sciences a Haarleam."
1. Arehivea, Tom. XIIL, para 1—3.
2. 3 Catalognea of the Netherland Section of the Phil*
delphia Exhibition.
3. Sketch of Public Works in the Netherlanda.
n Lb Soc. Entomolgiqae de Belgiqne —
Compto Henda, Serie IL, No. d4i.
FAPEBS READ.
PLAGIOBTOMATA OF THE PACIFIC.
N. DB Mielouho-Macut and Williah Maclbat.
Part L
(With S Plates.)
INTRODUCTION AND DESCRIPTI
William Maclbat, F.L.S,
The Sharks and Rays of the Pacific Ocean have, as
from time to time, attracted their fall share of the att
Naturalists, in so far as the observation and ezaminatioi
J
OF mSW SOUTH WALES. 307
t preserved ipecimens admitted. Bat all who have
the Anatomy of Fishes, as indeed of most of the verte-
most have ascertained that a trne knowledge of an
can only be attained by its examination in a perfectly
kte. It is in this view that Baron M.-Maclayhas occnpied
''during his stay here for the benefit of his health, in the
ition of his stndy of the Brains of the Sharks and Bays,*
3 of investigation, which, above all others, requires the
)f fresh specimens.
) chiefly directing his attention to the Brain, the Baron
he same time, made sach notes and illustrations of the
appearance and anatomy of the different species as
desirable or necessary to fill up gaps in their history,
hare I take in this paper is at the Baron's request, to
and describe the species to which his anatomical details
and if in doing this, I appear, in some instances, to be
ibing species already well known, it is because I have
bat even for the most simple specific characters, dried
US cannot be relied upon; and I am anxious to take
ge of this opportunity to give careful and correct des-
3 from living subjects.
e subject proposed in the heading of this paper is an
e one, and the Baron's work will proceed in whatever
1 specimens may be procured for dissection, these papers
appear in any particular order, and consequently, any
1 as to classification, <fec., must be reserved to the last,
paper will be limited to the Family of HETEBODONTiDiE,
TEACIONTIDJE, of Ounther, Oat, Fish^ Brit. Mus.^ vol. VUI,
nany years it was believed that the only living repre-
e of this once numerous family of sharks was the fish
known as " The Port Jackson Shark." And though
lecies have since been found in other parts of the Pacific,
still be looked upon as almost exclusively an Australian
The period of their existence in other parts of the world
since past.
H. von Miklvho-Maclay Baitiiige zur Vergleichenclur Neurolode der Wirbel-
\. 1 and 2. Leipzig, 1870.
THE PBOCXBDIXfla OF THX LIITinUR BDCinT
With the eioeption of a few fiahea of a Ganoid character, which
appear in some of the upper SUariaa strata, the Oestraciontg, as
they are named by Geologists, are the oldest of kaown Fishes.
Tooth and spinea resembling those of the Port Jackson Shark
are abnndant in the Des'onian Rocka of Europe, and they are to
be traced all through the Carboniferous and Permian Periods.
They are found also thi-oughont the whole of the Mesozoic or
Secondary series of Rocks, but are most abundant during the
Jurassic period. The teeth of another kind of Shark (^ffotidanus)
occurs during the same period for the first time. It ia noticeable,
as has been observed by Palaeontologists, that the Jurassic
Fauna and Flora of Western. Europe were very similar to those
of Australia at the present day. Among plants, Cycads and
AravcaritB ; among fish, the Ceslracionla ; among mollusca, Tri-
gonia, ; and among mammals, Marsupials.
It may be necessary here to gi?e some explanation of our
reasons for rejecting the term Gcslracion of Cuvier, which has
been extensively used by the most eminent Ichthyologists for
many years, and for adopting BUinville'a name of HeUrodontua,
aa used by Dumeril, in his Hist, Nat. des Poiss., tome 1, p. 423.
The word Cestracion (from Ke<7Tpa, a pickaxe, and a;^!?, a
point), was first used by Kleis, in 1742 (Missus tertios, p. 12),
as a name for the hammer-headed shark (to which it seems pro-
perly to apply), and is now used by Dumeril (Qist. Sat. des
poiss. tome, 1, p. 380) to designate the sharks termed by Curier
Zygaetia. Cavier has also (Regm. Anim. 1817, t. 11, p. 129)
given the generic name Oettracion, without assigning any reaeoti,
to the Port Jackson shark, althongh Blainville (Nonv. BolL des
Sciences, p. 121) had a year previously (1816) given to that
species the generic name Heterodontiis. It eeems, then, that not
only on the ground of priority, but from the meaning of the
respective words, Dumeril is right in adoptbg Blainville's
nomenclature.
As the family oonsists of one genus only, the characters of the
group are given in the description of the genns.
ov nsw soitth walxs. 309
Hetebodontus, BL
Head short, high, with an elevated ridge over each eye. Two
dorsal fins, each with a strong spine ; the anterior fin opposite
the space between the pectoral and ventral fins, the posterior
in advance of the anal. Nostrils and baccal cavity conflaent.
Month narrow, inferior, almost terminal. Spiracle small, below
and behind the eye. Teeth alike in both jaws, nnmerons, pave-
ment like, and convex, those in front small, and more or less
tii«caspid, those behind large, and mnch longer than broad.
Hetebodontus Phillipi.
Port Jackson Shark, Phillipps, Voy., p. 283.
TahUga/w of the Sydney Aborigines.
Squdle PhilJd^, Lacep. 1, p. 218.
Squalus PhiUdppi, Bl. Schn., p. 134.
Oestracion PhiUi^, Gnv. Begm. Anim ; Less. Voy. Goq. Zool.
2, p. 79, Poiss. pi. 2 ; MalL and Henle, p. 76. pi. 31 ; Sohleg.
Fann. Japon, Poiss., p. 304 ; Striiver, Nov. Act. Acad. Carol.
Ijeopold, Nat. Cur. 23, 1864.
Oestracion Philippi, Qnnth. Gat. Brit. Mns. 8, p. 415.
Heterodontus PhUUpi, Blain. Nouv. Boll. Sc. 1816, p. 121 ;
Ghay, Catal. Chondropt, p. 65 ; Dam. Elasm, p. 424.
Oestracion Zebra, Gray, Zool. Misc, p. 5 ; Richards, Ichth.
Chin., p. 195.
Heterodontus Zebra, Gray, Chondropt. p. 64 ; Bleek. Verb. Bat.
Qen. 26, Nien Nalez. Japan, p. 127, and Act. Soc. Sc. Neerl. 1,
Amboyna, p* 71.
General form elongate, subcylindrical, tapering gradually from
the head. Height of head at the orbit, one-seventh of the total
length of the fish ; length of head, from the snout to the first
gill opening, one-sixth of the same, and equal to the length of
the tail ; profile, from the top of the head to the extremity, nearly
straight, the slope being less than an angle of 45^ from the
vertical.
The snout is rounded anteriorly, with the mouth and nostrils
on the under surface, but nearly terminal. The upper lip occu-
pies the whole width of the head, and is much divided. At each
side there ia, first, a lai^ flat lobe, free and notched at the
extremity, which overlaps the onter part of the fold of the lower
lip; then there is abroad, nearly circular fold, which all hut
sarrounda the large auh-elongate nostril, then a broad lobe
terminating in a skinny flap, and in the middle, a thin semi-
cironlar lip, exposing completely the maaa of teeth on the ontfiide
of the symphysia of the mandiblea. The lower lip haa a large
elongate fold or flap on each aide, while the centre, as in the
npper lip, eJpoaes the front teeth. The jaws are identical in
form and dentition. At the Byinphysia they seem narrow, but open
oat sufficiently to leave a email more or less oval space between the
rami, behind that the rami approach almost to touching, and then
gradnally expand and spread outwarda to the hack of the mouth.
The teeth ore Bomewhat pavement like, but more or lesa round and
oonves, and not flat and angular, as in Myltobatu. The front teeth
are rather small, and tranveraely ovate, in 10 rows, and in quite 15
series ; thoae on the inner series roore or less tri-cuspid, acoording
to age ; those in use, or which come into contact with the teeth
of the opposite jaw, so far worn as only to show ft transverse
blant point, and the obsolete ones, on the onteide of the jaw,
without trace of armature at all. The teeth on the hinder part
of the " rami " are in abont eight rows, and the same number of
series, largo, of an oblong shape, smooth, convex surface, spirally
disposed, and with the 4tb and 5th series very large, and twice «
as long as broad; in yonng specimens the teeth are acutely ~^
pointed.
The snprsrorbital ridges are elevated, are situated on eacbcd
side of the top of the head, and are about the same distanc^^^
apart as the anterior angle of the orbit is from the top of tb^j
fir^t gill opening ; they can be traced in front for some distano^e
towards the snont, in a direction approaching one another, anv^
they terminate behind gradually above the first gill opening.
The eyes are situated on the side of, but close to, the top oc»
the head, and immediately below the snpra-orbital ridges; tb^MZ:
pupil is horizontal and elliptical, witb the upper surface lesa coii=:^
vex than the lower, and the orbit is large and twice as long a^^
OF NSW SOUTH WALES. 311
The spiracle is small, nearly circular, and abont half the
largest diameter of the orbit beneath the posterior margin of the
ejft. The gill openings, five in number, are placed at gradually
decreasing distances apart; the first is more than twice the
length of the fifth. The first dorsal fin takes its rise immedi-
ately behind the vertical from the root of the ventrals ; the
spine is very strong, blunt, compressed, three-fourths covered
with skin, and about one-half the height of the fin to which it is
attached ; the fin itself is of a somewhat triangular shape, the
anterior edge rather rounded, the summit also rounded, the
hinder edge obliquely truncated, and the posterior angle rather
pointed and produced. The second dorsal is situated a short
distance in advance of the vertical from the anal, and is the
exact counterpart of the first dorsal, excepting that it is one-
tliird smaller. The caudal fin is rather short and deep, the
anfcero-inferior lobe is convex on its anterior edge, about the size
of the first dorsal, separated firom the posterior lobe by a pro-
foand excavation which is rounded at its base, and with the pos-
terior edge of the anterior almost parallel to the anterior edge of
tlie posterior lobe ; this last is small, triangular, and separated
aJmost to the very extremity of the fin &om the superior lobe
by the prolongation of the vertebral portion. In the adult female,
the space between the inferior lobes is more open. The extremity
of the tail is obliquely truncate.
The anal fin is smaller than the second dorsal, but of much
tihe same form ; its apex is distant more than its own length
Crom the commencement of the tail. The pectoral fins are very
large, eqoal in length to one-fifth and in width to one-seventh of
tihe total length of the fish. The ventral fins are nearly square,
ond are equidistant between the vertical from the first and
cmd second dorsal
The skin is roughly shagreened, and has a slightly seri-
ceous lustre. The colour in the fresh specimen is reddish-
Inrown above, and yellow with a pinkish tinge beneath. A
dark band crosses the inter-orbital space, and extends down
the cheeks as far as the plane of the middle of the gill
312 THE PBOCEKDISG* Of THE LHfHKlM WCIBTT
litblo behind the transverse band mentioned above, and extends
along the middle of the back to near the first dorsal, when it
divides, and forms a band on each side, extending to and on the
T«ntral fins. Oa that part of this black band which lies exactly
betweea the posterior part of the base of tho first doraal and
pectoral tins there is a concaTe carve, and from that point a
blaek band extends to the pectoral fin. There is also another
block band anterior to this, which extends from the first band in
front of tho first dorsal fin, and joins the second band on the
pectoral; this band is a little curved (the concavity forwards),
and forma with the other bands a small enclosed ligbt-coloared
triingiilar apace. Another broad dark band extends along the
back from the ba^e of the firs^dorsal, and on escb side of the
aeoond dorsal, to the tail. There ia s lateral line along the body
and tail, marking rather distinctly the line of demarcation be-
tween the dark colour of the back and the light colour of the
belly. Both the dorsal fins and the anal are rather light-colonred.
«MidaI is darker, and the pectorals and ventrala are blackish
and pinktsb below and on the edges.
'^»ecimens preserved in spirits, or dried, these markings en
disappear, and they are never so vividly marked in adnit
specimens &s in the voan^, as will be seen (^ reference to the
very joong specimen figured in platee 22 and 23.
The avera^ siae of the irdolt of both aezes ia a little over
thwe feet, and they seldom, if ever, attain s length of fonr feet
As the relative siae of the diSeaoit parts has been rendered with
lh« gTMtast exact&KS in the acxnmpanjing plaiee, along with an
ACOUlM snde, I do not think it neoeesaij to give a series of
TV' jiexw searcwh- differ in siae or aaaikiBg. The e^ case is
Im^ 4.sis iw^K kins'). MttioaL of a loogh dark brown ooriaceona
i<>w«wv wiih sis Tifv,^;::riMs of a similar material spinlly wound
:\'*-,!xd !!, r.vrrj-iEjT a Vcvadiv-dtiice*! fonicai screw. A good figure
.^" ;i K ^.tva -.r IV^r.x^iUs Hiss. Xa;. ies Poiss- voL 2, pi, 8,
'is - -X S.;5 5>Ji: i;-,!>.v ■■«? r-.M '.in-::^ i^Kiaa; ihai ii was the
OF KBW SOtTTR ^ALX8. ftl3
This Shark is frequently canght in Port Jackson, and seems
to have been fonnd from time to time on yarioas parts of the
Australian and New Zealand coasts. It is also stated to have
been found in the East Indian Archipelago and Japan ; but there
seems to be some reason tp suspect the identity of the Japanese
species, if not of the other. Certainly, the figures given as
those of the Port Jackson Shark, in the Yoy. of the Coquille, pi.
11, and in Muller and Henle, pi. 31, are so extremely unlike the
fish they are intended to represent, as to suggest a doubt of their
being the same species ; and the form of the penta-cuspid tooth,
figured by the last-named authors, has never, we believe, been
seen in any of the Port Jackson adult specimens. The numerous
transverse bands on the back, too, in those figures, suggestive of
the specific name " zebra," are utterly unknown in the true H,
PhUlipi.
But little can be added to the history of this curious Shark.
The stomach is generally well filled with fragments of shells, but
not so finely comminuted as might be expected from the charac-
ter of the teeth, and the bowels are often well charged with
cestode worms. It is remarkably tenacious of life, but if we are
to believe the accounts of the fishermen, very slow of reproduc-
tion— ^never having more than two eggs at a time, and only one
brood in the year.
Hbtbeodontus galeatus.
Gunth. Oat Brit, Mus,, Vol. 8, p. 416.
This species has a less elongate appearance that H. PhUlipif
bat I cannot find an appreciable difference in the proportionate
measurements. I shall confine my descriptions to those points
only in which it differs from, that species already so elaborately
described.
The head is more rounded in profile. The upper lip has the
lateral flap less developed, not overlapping so much the lateral
fold of the lower lip. The jaws shorter and deeper, the hinder
part of the " rami " of the lower jaw being very deep. The
teeth are similar as to number and distribution, but very
different in form, the smaller teeth towards the symphysis of the
314 Tsi nocwxpae* or tht Ltsncux socibtt
jam are all acntelj trilofaed (tbe middle casp largest), even tboee
tk«t hftre fnlfilled their duty Dfitsid« the jaw remaiii tolerably
*cat«, trhOe the side teelfa are very elongate, nitfa an elevated
Hdge «Ioag tbe entire length, grooved or Sated on the oaterside.
The mpra-orbitftl ridges are short, loach elevated, bend outwards
over the eye, approach tovards tbe front, and terminate abruptly
bi^hind. The first gill opening is three times the length of the fifth.
The spiracle is a little more distant from the eye, and slightly more
sclvaDced than in H. PhiUipi. The first dorsal fin commences
rather behind the vertical from the root of the pectorala. The
second dorsal commeucea behind the ventral, and reaches almost
te the vertical from the commencement of the caudal. Tbe spines
arc two-thirds the length of the fins, and the fins themselves are
relatively of tbe same size as in ff. FliiHfj>i, hat are pointed and
fiilniite on the summit. The an tero -inferior lobe of the candal
fln is large, vertioally truncate behind, and separated from tbs
posterior lobe (which is smaller and triangular) by an acute
angle ; the extremity is truncate. Tbe anal fin reaches Dearly
te the oommencemont of tbe candal. The other fins are large
and shaped as in //. PhiUipi.
The colour in the dried specimen before me is a dull pale brown
on the npper parts, and a brownish white beneath. The top of
t lui henil Slid aupra-orbit-al ridges from the level of the eyes back-
wards are black ; the black patch extends backwards to near tbe
tirst dorsal fin, and downwards a litde, tbongb more &int]y, on
tbe cheek ; there are also some faint broad black oroBS-baiB along
the whole length of tbe back. A light-oolonred lateral line
Docms to divide the darker npper from the lighter nndcff portaou,
AS in S- PhMipi.
It is probable that the oolonr in tiie fresh apeciinenfl wotild be
A serioeoas reddish-brown with tlie black marks mnch mine
clearly defined.
Til judjn' bv ihe number of specimens known of this fish it
niiiihl W pronounc^il extremely rare. The first recorded is by
Or, Ounlh^r (Gftt. Brit. Mns. vol 8, p. 416), and all he saya of
lU in Mi^dition to a short specific description, is Ihat it is a female,
"..\'i loi-lnw lonp, prcscnlofl by Dr. G, Bennett, from Aostralitk
OF NEW SOUTH WALB8. 316
The only other specimen known is that ironi which the
present description is taken. It is staffed, and in the Australian
Mnsenm, caaght, I helieve, in Rose Bay, Port Jackson, and pre-
sented by E. S. HiU, Esq., of WooUahra. I have, also, in my
Mnseam, the jaws and teeth of a specimen which was canght in
Broken Bay two years ago, and nnfortnnately not preserved.
Bat I think it not at all improbable that the species may not
after all be of sach very rare occarrence. The general resem-
blance to H. PhiUipi is considerable, and fishermen are generally
to from being acate observers of fish which are not of a market-
able character.
Hetkeodontus Prancisci.
OestracUm Frcrndsd, Girard, Proc. Ac. Nat Sc. Philad., 1854-7,
p. 196 ; and V.S. Pac R.R. Exp. Pish, p. 365 ; Ganth. Cat
Brit. Mas., voL 8, p. 416.
Qyrapleurodus Francisd Gill. Proc. Ac. Nat Sc. Philad, 1862,
p. 490.
Heterodontus Francisi, Dam. Ichthyol. tome 1, p. 426.
I have one specimen of this very distinct species, an adnlt
male, 2 feet 6 inches long, from the Bay of Monterey, California.
It is represented in plate 26, and is, I believe, now figared for
the first tima It is a spirit specimen, and the markings, if any,
cannot, of coarse, be represented; bat in other respects, the
figores may be trasted, as the specimen is in a good state of
preservation and not contorted in any way. I regret that the
dentition cannot be shown in the same way as in the other two
species, as to do that wonld be to spoil the specimen.
The chief points in which it differs from H. PhUltpi are as
follow : — ^The head is proportionally broader and less high ; the
profile less steep and more convex ; the sapra-orbital ridges less
prominent, almost con tinned to the snont and terminating
abraptly behind the eyes ; the teeth in front strongly tricaspid —
the middle cusp large and pointed, those on the sides longitu-
dinally ridged, bat not as in H. gaJsatus ; in fact, the lateral
teeth in this species seem to be intermediate between those of
JH. PhiUdpi and galeoiius. The spiracle larger and farther from
and more behind the eye ; the first gill opening scarcely twice
Slit TEG PBOCBEDINOB OF THE LINNEAJI f
tlie length of the fifth, and much farther from the second than
the distancB between the second and third ; the dorsal spines very
strong, and more than half the length of the fins ; the fina them-
Belsea more broadly rounded at the apes, and slightly e margin ate
behind; the first dorsal fin commences a little in adi^nce of the
vertical from the posterior root of the pectoral ; the anal fin
readies almost to the candal, in this particular alone, agreeing
with E. ^aleatus; the antero-inferior caadal lobe large, and
obliqnely trancate at right angles to the anterior edge of the
poaterior lobe, which is small and narrowly incised at its
lunction with the other ; the pectoral fins very large and rounded
at the ape*. The eolonr seema to have been brownish black
above, and brownish white beneath ; the scattered black spots on
the body and fina mentioned in the descriptions of the fish are
not traceable in my specimen.
Hetebodonths Qootl
Oestraeion Quoyi. Freminv. Mag. Zool. 1840, pi. 3; Gnnth.
Cat 8, p. 416.
Cestracion pantheriaiie. Valeno. in Voy. Venus, Zool, p. 350,
pi. 10, fig. 2.
Heterodonlw Quotfi Dnm. Ichthyol. tome 1, p. 427 ; teeth pi.
3, figa. 16—17.
The figare (pi. 26) is copied from the Mag. Zool. Only
one speoimen of this species is known ; it is about 2 feet
long, and was taken at the G«llapagos Islands dnriDg the
Toya^ of the " Venns." The descriptions given by Dnmeril
and Qanther, the only authorities attainable bj me, are
short, and leave oat much that it would be desirable to
know, each as the form of the candal fin, &c. ; but aafficient w
given to shew that the species it most resembles is H. PhQUpi,
and that it is quite distinct from that. Aooording to those des-
criptions tbe head is proportionally smaller than in H. Phillipi
the snout less obtuse ; the first dorsal fin commences well behind
the extremity of the base of the pectorals, and has its posterior
extremity prolonged over to the vertical from the ventrals ; the
second dorsal more distant from the posterior border of the ven-
OF KBW SOUTH WALBfl. 317
trals ; the anal fin does not reach close to the candal ; the spines
of the dorsal fins are shorter, and the anterior teeth, figured by
Domeril, are acutely tri-cuspid, the centre cusp large and resem-
bling those of H, galeatus. The colour is described as being of
a reddish-brown on the superior and lateral regions, and on the
fins, wifch round black spots irregularly disposed over the whole
surface.
We thus find, that out of the vast numbers of Eeterodont
sharks which peopled all parts of the globe for myriads of
ages, {torn, the first appearance of vertebrate animals on the
earth to the present day, but four species remain in existence, or,
if my suspicions relative to the Japanese fish be correct, at the
most only five, and those are for the most part so rare, and found
in such remote and limited localities, as to lead to the belief that,
as a race, they are in process of extinction. The history of
these extraordinary animals is, however, not more remarkable
and instructive than that of many others which geology tells
US have existed and passed their allotted period on the earth, and
then passed away, seemingly without a causa But what is
extraordinary is, that the Evolutionists of the present day should
be able to manufacture, out of this constant succession of Life,
arguments in favour of their theory. When the Heterodonti first
made their appearance, their development seems to have been as
advanced as at the present day ; they were preceded by no forms
of fishes, except a few Ganoids, from which they could scarcely be
evolved, and the first subsequent record of the existence of Sharks
was the teeth of Notidanus, a genus having no apparent affinity to
Heterodonttu. The traces of these Sharks have been found con-
tinuously for a vast succession of geological periods, without any
appearance of deviation from the original, or approach to any sub-
sequent creation, and the succession of these fossil evidences have
been so unbroken and unvarying, that the usual excuse of the
Evolutionist when met with a difficulty, '^ That an unexampled
gap exists in the continuity of the geological periods," will
scarcely avail him in the present instance.
TBS paocBmnraa or tbi uswuv societt
ANATOMICA.L REMARKS.
L
By "S. DE UlKLOHEO-HlCLAT.
" 7%o»e wAoiis eptcifie gift of inelination leads them to
" to the purmcil of ttiker hra.w:hss of hiobtgy, at morpho-
" loffg, ph]/*iotofft/, embro^olog}/, etc., must hone definite
" namtt frr the objects theg ohierve, depict, or degcrihe,
" aind ate daptmdent upon the reaearcheg of the s^iiematic
" .uwluffisC for tupplying them, and thonid not neglect to
" foi* hit covnuel, othertctee -much of their work will lost
■.Aug. 15,1878. Rip. ot flril, Abboc,, ta?3.
Addcesa In Zoologjr. . |
These words of Professor Flower express with perfect correct-
I10S3 the principal consideratioa which indaced me, in addition to
my work in comparative neiirolo^, to collect, rIbo, anfficient
muteriftl for it eyst<>miitic treatise, which shonld serve as a supple-
ment to, or oommeotary on the former.
The present work I regard, then, as nothing more than an
iUiutrated eaUUogue of the groap of fishes which interest me ^m
the standpoint of comparative nenroli^y ; and, since a favonrable
itpportnnity preaeuts itself, the appendix or commentary appears
iMsfbre the body of the work Cthe oontinnatioa of my " Contriba-
l.ions to Comparative Neurology").*
During my travels from 1870 to 1878, 1 have never neglected
lo collect materials for my studies on the Inain, and, wherever
it waij possible, to carry on investigationa on that snbject.
Itut, sinoo the Iwoks necessary for the more exact detei^ni-
nation of thi- ohiw(« under investigation were not everywhere
Hi iny command. I have always taken ample notes, and above
OF KBW SOUTH WALES. 319
^9 as far as possible, made exact sketches, in order after-
f^ards to identify the species in places where libraries or
•^asenms exist. So, by degrees, a considerable quantity of notes
QQcl drawings have accamulated, and of these, after making a
critical selection, I intend to publish the more important.
Xn order to satisfy all the demands of Systematic Zoology, I
v"eq nested my esteemed friend, the Hon. William Macleay, to take
113. Hand the systematic descriptions, as well as the entire editing
^^ "fclae first section of the work, limiting myself, for my part,
ix^ ^cldition to the descriptions of the plates, to some anatomical
i^^iiiarks. Since our respective points of view do not agree in
^*-^ cases, it is possible that considerable contradictions may
^Pl>ear in the text. But the most faithful, and as far as possible,
^^ Active representation of the observed facts seems to both of us
^ ®^>ie qud non of scientific investigation, so I believe that the
^^^onring of particular parts of the text (provided on that
^^Oount with our respective signatures) due to subjective outlook,
*~^^^^s not run counter to the demands of a scientific co-partnership.
.s exact figures, in addition to their greater clearness, render
Lccessary long descriptions, I have always put great weight
^I^on them ; yet I must state, in accordance with truth, that I
^^^ by no means declare myself satisfied with the accompanying
-'^^l^ographic plates, and have, on that account, determined in
^^I^Hre to have all my sketches (those of the Catalogue of the
^^<^gio8tomata included) reproduced by means of photo-litho-
1?here remains for me, in this case, therefore, no other resource
*^«tn to attempt to correct "verbally," in the explanation of the
P^^t^es, the most important inaccuracies of the drawings as com-
P^J^d with nature.
besides, the Hon. William Macleay, to whom I am very much
^^ebfced for the greater part of the material investigated, I must
***o express my obligations to Mr. B. P. Ramsay, Curator of the
Australian Museum, who has obtained for me material of various
'^ds for my neurological studies, and has also always allowed
^^9 in the most friendly manner, to make use of (to draw, photo-
g^ph, and measure) the collection under his care, which was
380 THB pmocBBDiNoa ot thk linbkaJ" aociKTT
importnnt Tor purposee of comparJsoa. Lastly, I have to t
Mr, W. A. Haawell, who bos takon the troable to trauslatt
English my Gcrnian mBDnscript.
In writing down these remarks, the incompletetieBB of
rSHearcb, in many parts, has often struck me ; questions wb
waa not in a position to answer presented thomaelvea on all i
Faia would I have filled up these hiati, time, however, t
nut permit. I allow myself, then, to publish these imp«
rescnrchea, since much that ia new (tbe brain o( H. Pkiltipi*
dentition of H, gaUaiug) has been ^ined by this investiga
and siuoe, in the second place, I cannot t«ll, ou account o
noraiidic mode of life, when and where I shall have the o\
tunity of prosecuting tins work further.
As regards the malerial, which has served for the cairyin
of this purt of the work, for the species H. Pkillipi, I bavi
no lack of material ; during the now seven months of my st
Sydney, I have obtained for investigation, thanks to the assis
of iho Hon. William Macleay and Mr E. P. Ramsay, sev
eight fVesh speoimemi. No embryos, unfortunately ; tbe yo'
animal of this species that I have seen was 225 mm. (8'f
in l^uj;lli. Ibe Iir!.-cs,t 1010 mm. (t'33 in.)
For the species H. gal^atut, I bad only on« specimen (be
to the Australian Mnsenm) "to look at," as well as s
JAwa of this shark in tbe Macleay-Mnseum.
Of the species H. FroMcisi, I have also had only one i
" to kiok at " — that preserved in spirit in the Uacleay-M
0\ THE DESrmOS OF THE HETESODC
\. — OkSTiTi.iN OF THE ronKO Hetekodostds Phill
The (■twnliar dental armaiure of the EderodomH.
hem MS it (Joes a characteristic and seemingly isolal
OF NEW SOUTH WALES^ 321
in the series of McumohrancJmy induced me to regard the investi-
gation of the dentition of the embryonic stages of that genus
as a matter of high interest and importance. XJnfortanatelj, I
oonld procure no Heterodontus embryos, but this proved not to
be an insuperable obstacle, as the examination in young specimens
of as much as 225 mm. (8*9 in.)* in length of the form of the teeth,
which differ very markedly from those of the adult, affords us a
glimpse into the genealogical connection of this shark with the
other Plagiostomata. A glance at the teeth of a young H. PhUUpi
(PL 24, fig. 14), magnified about five diameters, is sufficient to
establish the great similarity between the dental armature of the
young Heterodontus and that of the Notidani**. This preparation
(fig 14) shows us further that at this age (225 mm. in length)
not more than seventeen series (i.e., vertical rows) are developed
in the upper jaw, and thirteen in the lower. In both jaws only
three horizontal rows of both series are to be seen, the others
come into view after the mucous membrane of the palate has been
dissected off. The teeth situated in the very front of the lower
jaw have three almost similar pointed cusps, while those situated
further back have five points. (Vide fig. 15, PI. 24).***
The teeth of the middle row are more or less symmetrical, and
in the posterior (reserve) teeth of this row the central cusp is
the largest, while the two outer take the form of inconspicuous
tubercles. The teeth of the lateral rows are also longer, in pro-
portion to their height, than those of the middle rows. On a
closer inspection we see that the two anterior cusps of the lateral
teeth are more perpendicular than the others, a feature which is
met with in some fossil NoUdarma teeth. (Vide Agassiz Poissons
^ Hr. Madeay believes that this specimen had only emerged from the ^;g one or two
&MJM.
— This eiromnstanoegains greater significance, when we consider that the investigar
tkm of the braUi of the Heterodontut leads ns to a similar conclusion in regard to the
ooniieotlont between those two genera. The brain of H. PhiUipi stands very near the
ftneral ftmdamental form of the vertebrate central nervous system, and as such, resembles
tha brain of the Notidani, of the genera AeanthiM and Scymmus. (BeitrSge zur vor
l^ekdianden Neurology. I., p. 48.)
*— The difllBrenoe between the teeth of the youns Heterodontut and that of the adult
taM already been noticed by Mtlller and Henle as follows:— " SSUine, in der Mitte,
kMn imd spits, aus <brei bis lUnt von der Basis gegen die Spitzen ausseinandertretenden
laekcn gebildet, von denen die mittlere am grOssten ist, die bei alten Thieren abgesch-
IMtasInd; (MtUlerund Henle. Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen. 1841
76.
foBflilea, to]. Ill, tab. 27, figa. 9 and 11). In the posterior rows
of both jaws the cusps of the teefcli are not yet developed.
In the jawB of a 418 mm. (IG-l. in.) long young if. PhiUipi, I
found in the apper and lower jaw 20 vertical row of teeth. In
the upper jaw, the two posterior rows had the character of the
large pavement-like teeth, while in the lower, the three posterior
rows shewed this character. In the upper jaw, it was the teeth
of the last row that were the largest, on the lower, the second
last
The longitudinal ridge waa mnch more prominent in the
posterior teeth of this young animal than in older speci-
meuB. In the middle row of the upper jaw I have counted six
teeth, and five in each of the posterior rows ; in the lower jaw.
six teeth in the middle row, and six teeth in each of the posterior
rows.
The anterior teeth of the not fully adult Heterodontm (761
mm. long) are distinctly tri-cuspidate (vide fig. 10), while those
of the adult became almost pavement-like, with an incoDBpicaons
cuap (Sg. 19, A. and B.).
2. — DeBTITIOH op the iDULT HBrERODONXnS Phillipi. Bl.
A. drawing of the charactestic dentition of Seterodoiitua is given
with the first description of the so-calk-d "Port Jackson Shiirk."*
In different scientific works** there are to be fonnd good figures
of the teeth of H. Phillipi, and I would certainly not have been
satisfied with so few drawings had I not the intention of
writing further on this subject. A few points, not yet decided^
prevent me from publishing my resalts at the present time.
I will confine myself hero to only a few romarks. The nambei-
of the teeth, as well as the general form, is, on a cursory glance,
almost the same in both jaws, but a closer inspection shows »
difference in both those respects between the upper and lower
jaws, and also between differont individuals. In one case, I have
counted altogether 34 vertical rows in the upper jaw, and 31 in
1, MDOCLXJtXIl,
O^ NEW dOXTTH WALES. 323
Uie lower ; in both jaws it was the fifth row (reckoning from be-
hind forwards) that proved to be the row of the largest 'teeth*.
In another case there were 33 rows in the apper jaw, and 32 in
the lower ; the row containing the largest teeth was the fourth in
the npper jaw, and the sixth in the lower.
In an upper jaw of a H, PhilUpi much youuger (smaller)
than the two just mentioned, I count 36 rows, the fifth being the
row containing the largest teeth. The number of the teeth in
the vertical rows are subject to variation; the middle row**
of the npper and lower jaws has, in this case, 12 teeth, while the
row of the largest teeth contains 5 in the upper jaw, and 6 in
the lower. In the upper jaw of the young H, PhilUpi already
mentioned, the middle row numbers 14 ; the row of the largest
teeth consists of 7. The size of the teeth in proportion to one
another seems also to be by no means constant, while in some
specimens the length of the largest teeth exceeds that of the
teeth next in size by almost one-third ; the largest teeth of
another individual scarcely differed perceptibly in size from the
others.
I could not ascertain whether all these variations in the num-
ber and size of the teeth are dependent on sex and age. The
material employed for the above descriptive remarks on the
dentition of the adult H, PhUUpi consisted of dried jaws, to
which no note of the size and age of the animal had been ap-
pended. I have been unable to find time to fill up this hiatus
in the subject.
3. — Dentition op Heteeodontds galeatus. Giinth.
If we compare the teeth, in a longitudinal row, in the adult
S. PMUipi from the anterior to the posterior members of the
aeries, we ^6 that the cusps in the lateral teeth (in the anterior
third of the jaw) become blunter and blunter the larger the
teeth become, so that it takes the form of an elongated tubercle,
• Dmneril nrs that it is the fourth. (Hist. Nat. des Poissons. Tom. I., p. 137.)
Tldi point may Taiy with the age or with the sex of the specimen.
** Since, as la well known, the teeth of the Selachians are independent of the endo-
ikelekon. (Vide Qeeenbaur Grundztige der Vergleichenden Anatomic, 2 AnfL Leipdg.,
1870, pi 788), a meeiu row of teeth corresponding to the middle line of the body, though
ooowoDaUy present, is not always to be found. Dumeril made the same observation.
(Lap. 138.)
324 THE PHOCKEDIKOS OF THE LISNBiS aOClETT
which, in the large posterior teeth, is represented by & elightl;
elevated longitudinal line.* This longitudinal line is more oi
lees diatiactly viaible in H. Phillipi, according to the individaal
Now, if we suppose this median longitadinal line on the pos-
terior teeth developed into the form of a cutting edge or crest
we obtain aome idea of the ohief pecaliarity of the dentition o!
B. galeatui.
The fignres '60 and 31 are accarately drawn, with the aid ol
coinpasBea, from a shrivelled, and not quite perfeot pair of jawi
preserved (labelled only with the name of the locality — Broker
Bay) in the Macleay-Mnaeum.
Afl the jaws are in the meantime preserved in the Mnaeam ai
" nnique," I have been unable to nee them to obtain a transrerst
section of the large teeth.
The only perfect specimen of H. gaJeatw in Sydney at preseni
is one ID the Anstralian Museum, and as it is a stnSed specimen
one conld merely see (he snterior teeth, and only with som-
trouble get a glimpse of the crest of the posterior teeth. Mr. E
P. Ramsay had the kindness (for which I hero espreas my gre
titude) at my request to order the jaws to be taken out from t!=
stuffed specimen. The stuffed mnseam-speoimen has been in r:
wise injur(-d by this, and the mnsenni has thereby acquired
valuable anatomioal preparation. Both jaws are in excelled
preservation ; and I am thns placed in a position to give a m^
complete description of the teeth** than I conld otherwise ha.''
given.
I do BO chiefly because the form of the teeth of H. gdUaius,
fiur u I am aware, has not yet been described.***
• '■ CdU lonffitTidinal," nl Agioli. PidnoBa toallM Lome IIL, p^a sa.
' ' 1 re^r^ ttut J have only recelTed thifl uooiid Jmw ol B, gaUMta iftv all Uw pi*
lot ttall piper were prepired, m that I could not uclulige flgUM 30 ind II, which ty'
abew ■ put of the Jskb, tor i caai]i1et« dnwiiw of the vett^preMrred prapentioD la ■
Auslmllim MuBeum. Butalthougb flgs. 31 indSS only ihew » stogie horlionul r»W
tsoth (the li"!! ffum "hlcli Ihe dri«iiiga were Uken not beln* pmlect), yet they sr**"
correct notion of the torm ot the sequence of Uis rows, ind of the nimibar ot the t«B
{in B horiiontal row). The curve of the row (Bge. 30 ind 111 ii, however, only approa
mutely cornet, ; the preperallon, whioh Berved aa the original of my aketcb, waa io ^^
Bynunetrically ehrivelled up that it permitted me lo copy only the lorm of tbe (eetb "'
the arrangement of the rows, and not the ahape of the jawa^
*" In the description ol H. gaUatiit by Dr. GIUiUKr (Catalugue ol. Flihca, viil. f
OF NBW SOUTH WALB8. 326
As io ^. PhilUpif so in H. galeatus, the general form of the anterior
part of the tooth-bearing surface is somewhat broader in the lower
jaw than the same section of the apper, and somewhat quadrangular
in shape. Figs. 30 and 31 give a pretty good representation of
the form of the teeth. The anterior teeth are tri-cuspidate, the
middle cusp being the most prominent, as a result of which, the
front teeth appear high and narrow. In the antero-lateral teeth,
the middle cusp is proportionaUy less elevated than the others ;
further back, most notably in the reserve teeth {dents d^attente) of
the medio-iateral rows, a principal cusp is no longer to be
reoognised, the front pointed cusps being represented by a sharp
sinuous ridge, provided with an obscurely dentate upper contour.
This ridge is particularly well-developed in the upper jaw, while
in the lower it remains always sinuous and thin. The transverse
section of one of the large (elongated) teeth of the upper jaw
(which, as already mentioned, I was, from lack of material, unable
to make) would have a pyramidal form with one side slightly
convex, and the other concave, ie., the outer surface of the
elongated (lateral) teeth is concave ; the inner convex. The
complete jaws in the Australian Museum afford me an opportunity
of describing also the numerical characters of the teeth of H.
galeaku.
In the upper jaw, I have counted altogether 30 vertical rows
of teeth ; the number of teeth in the ant«ro-median rows proved
to be 11 (of which, however, the 10th and 11th were worn
down) ; the number of the lateral elongated teeth in the penulti-
mate vertical row was 9. In the lower jaw I found altogether
26 vertical rows ; in the middle rows I counted 15 teeth* ; there
were 10** in the vertical row, containing the largest teeth (the
tbird row, counting from behind.)
* Tbe three posterior reserye-teeth of the middle row were displaced, so that possibly
ttiii immbar (16) may not be quite correct.
** In this jxm, I have also remarked the two following peculiarities. The postero-
rsl rows are una^rmmetaricaJ ;<.«., two teetii on the one side correspond to one on the
If we ezanune the teeth of tiiese lateral rows, one after another, from vrithout
Inwards, the three first elongated teeth prove to be normal, with a straight longitudinal
ridge ; o» the fourth and fifth reserve teeth, we see a slight curving inwards of the ridge :
oo the sixth, the ridge is interrupted, and the base of the tooth is also somewhat incurved
•4 the corresponding place. The places of the following reserve-teeth are each occupied by
tmo smaller teeth, while we notice this division in the posterior rows, we find, on Uie
oUksr hand, in one of the antero-lateral rows, a eoaUicenee of two tricuspidated teeUi. I
wfl] not omit in the oontonplated " Monographic Sketch of the Dentition of HeterodorUut,"
fslBrred to above, to give illustrations and a more thorough description of these pecu-
liaritiss.
32fl THB PBOCKBIllIiOS OP THB LINK!
I h«?e alreRdy menlioned that the chief peculiarity of the den-
tition of n. galaatvf b the longitudinal ridge on the posterior
leeth ; wliinh character, if found in fossil Plagiostomons teeth,
would very probably have induced Agassiz to describe them ae
bolongiug to a new genua. If disregarding the anterior (tri-
ctiapidiit«) and the middle (malti-cuHpidate) toeth, and regarding
only the posterior (elongated and ridged), we compare the latter
with the fossil Plagiostome teeth (or to speak more correctly, with
the Pig of tho Atlas of the Poissoo fosniles of L, Agassiz) we find
(on plate 12 of tho 3rd vol. of the Atlas) several figures which have
very mneh the appearance of tbe lateral teeth of H. galeatus.
These are the difiereut teeth of /"gammodiw linearis, Agass. I
must, however, add that this resemblance struck me more from
looking at tho illustrations (figs. 9 — 13) than from reading thu
text (Tome III., p. 107 and 108.) I beUeve, however, that oat'
would be only entitled to oome to a deoisive oonclosion aft«r— ~
oxaminiug the fossils themselves and not merely the drawings o^3
thorn.
4. — DsHTiTios OF Hbteeobontdb FaiHCisi. Oirard.
After I had oarofajly examined the form of the teeth of /TZ.
Philh'pi and H. iialcahis, it was very interesling to me also tc»
investigate those of H. Francisi. Unfortunately, there was
at my service only one specimen, which, as a "Museum
.specimen," I could examine only from without. The anterior
Iceth were perfectly visible, and conid be sketched withoat in-
terfering with the specimen. It was otherwise with the impor-
(tint posterior teeth, to see which, in detail, a lateral incision of a
few inches, from the margin of the gape into the cheeks would
have proved very useful. I was obliged, however, to content
myself with looking in through the apertnre of the mouth, so
that the sketching of the posterior t«eth was rendered a matter
iif irrvitt difficnltr. I succeeded, however, in making the accom-
jMtiiyiiii: skoich (tig. 37). The form of the teeth in /T. FraJtcisi
ivsi'wblos. .Ml iho whole, ihat of a young H. PhiUipi ; the front
UH-tli were tri -cuspidate. In the posterior rows of large teeth
tlieiv wcvp no loeih so large as are found in many adult
OP NEW SOUTH WALES. 327
specimens of H, PhUUpi, as is shown in figs. 16 and 17 (pi. 24).
The posterior teeth of H, Fra/ndsi were all of almost the same
size, and shewed a distinct mesial line on their npper surface.
The mesial line of some teeth was nodose.
In the npper jaw I found 25 vertical rows of teeth ; in the
lower jaw, 23. As regards the number of teeth in the vertical
rows, I could not attain to any certainty, as the mouth could not
be opened far enough to enable me to count them with precision.*
ON THE EXTERNAL GENITAL ORGANS OF THE MALE
H. PHIIiLIPL
As I have before me a large number of sketches of these parts,
as seen in various species of sharks, in which, in spite of a simi-
larity in many points, there are yet considerable variations, it
appears to me expedient to postpone giving a comparative resume
of these drawings until in proper order, a selection of the sketches
in question has been given.
Li the mean time I may observe that the drawings Figs.
20 — 24, pi. 24 — are the more deserving of attention, that
they were made &om fresh preparations, the parts being care-
fully preserved in situ during the preparation of the transverse
and longitudinal sections.**
REMARKS ON THE ILLUSTRATIONS.
Since a faithful figure, in addition to the considerable saving
of time (as well to the author as to the reader), which it is the
means of effecting, has the advantage over a lengthy description
of being demonstrable to the eye, and gives the reader a better
idea of the object. I have, as already observed (page 319), re-
garded the illustrations as of primary importance. In order to
obtain, as far as possible, correct outlines, which is the most
important point, I have had recourse to photography, and to a
* FlgUTM of the anterior-teeth of H. Qiwyi are to be found both in the Magmin
d0 Soologie, 1899, and also in Dumeril. (Atlas, pi. 3, figs. 16 and 17.)
** A deecripUon— on the whole correct— of the external sexual parts of the male
Fltffiostomata (prqanes eopulateun or appendices eztemes or memoes aecessoires), is to
befound in A. DumerU. (Histoure Nat. dee Poissons. Tome I., 1865, pag 283 et seq.^
A fhort dinertation on the significanoe of these organs as " organea deatinfy d une verv-
UMe intromimont'* is to be found in the same work. (Pag 240, et seq.)
388 THB PBOCEBDISOS OF THE LIKNBAN SOCIETT
oonrenieut, if Homewhat primitive method. This conBJsted in
the preparation of outliiiea of the object laid on paper ; the
natural-size sketches, thus obtained, were then rednced by the
orthodox method. To the figures prepared from photographs,
the respective scales* are annexed, in order to render possible a
raagh oatimatfl of the amount of redaction or enlargement, since
the method of preparing photographs to scale is yet unknown to
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.
Lettering Followed Thkodghoot all the Fiooeks (With the
Exception of Platb 24).
a — Superior oral fold.
6 — -Inferior oral fold.
11 — Esternal orifice of the naaal groove.
m'— C Border of the internal fold of the nasal groove.
V-' — Orifice of the nasal groove in the oral cavity,
«p — Spiracle.
PLATES 22 *SD 23.
(HETBBODOHnjs Phillipi, B(.)
Figs. 1, 2 (pi. 22) 5, 6, 7 (pi. 23).— Young B. PhiUipi, 225
mm. in length drawn from a fresh specimen.
Fig. 1. — Posterior view of the same. The young animal
shewed the peculiar marking, somewhat different from that of
the adult, very distinctly, as the brownish-black stripes stood ont
very markedly on the very transparent skin of the young at this
■tage.
* — Transverse black bar which passes over the head from eye
to eye, and loses itaelf on the cheeks. •• — Gharacteristio mark
between the dorsal and ventral fins.
Besides the very remarkable marking, the rounded form of the
head and the proportionally large tail are peculiar to this stage.
certiln part of the object (cbe part on Uie
OF NBW SOUTH WlXBt. 329
Fig. 2 (pL 22). — ^Ventral surface of the same (from a photo-
gpraph). At this age, the male copalatory organs are shorter
than the lower border of the ventral fin.
Anal fin.
Fig. 5 (pi. 28). — Lateral view of the same. The figure only
shews the external contour, in addition to the marking. The undu-
lating contour-line is meant to represent the extent of the rougher
parts of the skin, covered with large and prominent bony plates
($euteUai). The anal fin, whose position and length are accurately
rendered, has its form rather too diagrammatically represented
in the figure, which does not shew that the fin has become some-
what shrivelled by the drying, which took place while the
drawing was being executed.
Fig. 6 (pi. 23). — A very miserable rendering of a photograph
of the head fromhef ore. The outlines, however, are correct.
Fig. 7. (pL 23). — Head of the same animal viewed from before,
and to some extent from below. From a photograph, about three
times the natural size. Scale applicable only for the anterior
part of the mouth (the anterior teeth for instance).
Figs. 3, 4, 8 (pL 23).— Full-grown* H. PhilUpi, of about 795
mm. (31*4 in.) in length. The sketches are from a specimen in
the Madeay-Museum, which had been preserved in spirit for a
moderate period (2-3 monthsf), to which circumstance is also to
be attributed the stifihess of fig. 8. The marking characteristic
of the species, however, I have represented as seen in perfectly
fresh specimens, since it becomes indistinct only a few hours
after death.
Fig. 8 (pL 22). — ^View of the dorsal surface. The dorsal fins are
somewhat bent to one side. The eyes are not to be seen, when
tibe head is viewed from above, on account of the overhanging
eyebrows (vide. fig. 9).
* Tha lugflst fpedmen I have seen in Sydney was a feniale of about 1,232 mm.
(48*6 in.) in loicrth. Ab the specimen was a dried and staffed one (by which means tiie
riMpe of the head is considerably altered), i^ len|;th in the fresh state was probably
crsatsr. Fixun the external point of the one fin to that of the other it measured 602 mm.
(lAJdi number also is to be regarded as only approximate).
t I received the first fresh specimen of H, PhiUipi on the twentieth day after my
■Rhral in Sydney ; but could make drawings much earlier from specimens preserved in
in qiirit in the ICadeay Museum. As the proportions of the different parts of the body
■• wen as the form of the fins are not much altered by the action of alcohol for a
Bodarate tbna on the specimen, I found it unneoessar>' to waste time in making any
frssh drawings
Fig. 1 (pi. 22). — Ventral aspect. (The black line, drawn with
i.he pen, on the lower part of the body, between the abdomen and
the aoDB, and tl)e anal fin is an unma/Mral repreaentation of the
slightly depreased mesial line.)
Fig. 8 (pL 23).— Lateral view of the same.
Fig. 9 (pi, 23.)~Head of a young S. FhUKpi, abont 761 mm.
(22'1 in.) in length, drawn from a fresh specimea (with the aid
of the camera lucida and compasses).
Fig. ll) (pi. 23), — Anterior part of the head of the same
young fi-esh specimen viewed from the ventral aspect,
[After looking at fig. 10, compare it with fig. 29 (pi. 25) in
order to obtain a correct idea of the nasal grooves with both their
orifices.]
Figs. 11, 12, 13 (pi. 23) represent three profile-views of the
month of the same (761 mm. or 22-1 in. long) B. PhUlipi.
Fig. 11 (pi. 2-3),— Month closed.
Pig. 12 (pi. 23).— Mouth half open.
Fig. 13 (pi. 23).— Mouth open to its utmost extent.
PLATE 24.
Fbterodontcs Phillipi, Bl.
Pigs. 14 and 15. — Teeth of the upper and lower jaws of the
young E. PhUlipi, figured on plates 22 and 23 (figs. 1, 2, 8.)
The sketch, of about five times the natural size, was made
from a photograph (by which the increase in aiae was effected.)
Through the carelessness of the artist who copied the photo-
graph, the contours of the teeth are not at all satisfactorily ren-
dered. The general form of the teeth and the number of the
pointed cusps, however, is correct. The posterior reserve-teeth
of both jaws are covered by the oral mucous membrane.
Figs, IG and 17.— Teeth of the upper and lower jawa of an
adnlt H. PhilUpi. (The preparation which formed the original
of these figures is in the Macleay Museum.)
Fig. 18. ^Anterior teeth of a specimen 761 mm. (22*1 in.)
in length, with three distinct cusps. A — those of the upper jaw ;
B — those of the lower.
OF NEW SOUTH WAL18. 331
Fig. 19. — Anterior pavement-like teeth of an older specimen.
^ — two teeth of the middle row of the upper jaw ; B — four
teeth of the three middle rows of the lower jaw.
Pig. 20 — 24. — Male sexual appendages of an adult H. PhiUipi.
Fig. 20. — Appendage in section from above, from the ventral
aspect. The undulating lines indicate the rougher dermal
covering, armed with scutes, c and c' — groove ; d — spine on
the outer border of the groove ; f — ^fissure leading into a pouch
situated on the under side of the appendage.
The dotted lines marked I, II, and III shew the points where
the vertical transverse sections (fig. 21) are carried through.
Fig. 21, I. — Vertical transverse section through the base of
the appendage and through the ventral fin ; g — cartilage of the
appendage and of the fin ; m — muscles of the same ; i — the
muscular pouch Q^poche mtisculeuse^^ of Dumeril) opening into
the groove and situated on the under surface of the ventral fin.
n. — ^Vertical transverse section through about the middle of
the appendage. ; g — cartilage ; m — muscles of the appendage ;
o — ^groove (" sillon " of Dumeril).
nL — ^Vertical transverse section through the end of the ap-
pendage, below the spine ; c — the groove divided by a thin fold
(k) of the mucous membrane ; f — pouch.
Fig. 22, IV. — Longitudinal section through the appendage, to
shew all the connections of the groove, with the two pouches, i
and f.
(These four were all made and drawn from quite fresh speci-
mens.)
Fig. 23. — Male sexual appendages of a larger specimen. The
specimen from which the sketch was made lies on the right side
the ventral surface directed forwards, with the appendages
crossed over one another. (This position of the appendages 1
have noticed in many dying and dead specimens of HBterodonttis.)
The right appendage is stretched out along the middle line of
the body, the left one hanging below ; it is drawn back by means
of three hooks, so that the groove (c and c') is to be seen. The
spine (d) is by this means ** thumblike " extended and abducted.
k is a slight longitudinal fold. (N.B. — Fig. 28 as well as fig.
THB PBOCRBDIHOa OF THB LIHllBAtt BOCIXIT
24 is & very wretched rendering of my eketcb, and givee the
impreBsiou of having been drawn, not from part of the body of
an animal, but from a nooden model ; the oatlinee, howerer, are
correct.)
Fig. 24, — Extremity of the appendage viewed from the inner
aide, fixed with (he aid of hooks, with the last joint flexed, in
order to afford a view of the groove. Owing to the flexed position
of the appendage and of the aac or pouch f, which is wide open.
PLATE 26.
HETEBOD0NTC9 0»LI*Tn3, Guntker.
PigB. 25 and 26.— Drawings of the Beierodonius galeaitu from
above and from the side from a stnffed specimen in the Australian
Mnsenm. In order not to a]ter further the appearance of the
animal already considerably distorted by the proceeB of stuffing, I
have caused photographs of the animal in question to be copied.
Although the whole of the general surface of the akin, with the
exception of the ventral portion, is very dark, six transverse bands
are visible. The band on the upper surface of the head is the moat
distinct. Thottgh the colouring of this dried speaimen may he
somewhat different from that of the same animal in the fresh
state, yet it is decidedly different from that of ff. FhUlipi*,
Fig. 2?. — Front view of the bead (necessarily very diagram-
matic, owing to the condition of the specimen), to shew the two
very prominent supra-orbital ridges characteristic of the species.
Fig. 28. — Ventral view of the anterior end of the head (also
very diagrammatic) to shew the front teeth (very wretchedly
rendered by the artist, but with the number correct.)
Fig. 29. — Ventral view of the anterior end of the head of a
H. PhilUpi (from a perfectly fresh specimen). The lower jaw,
the labial folds, and the upper jaw are removed, to shew the
nasal grooves with their two openings. On the right hand side
the part!i are in situ ; on the left, a horizontal section has been
made ou a plane passing through botb the external and the
buccal narial apertures, displaying the whole course and relations
of the groove.
OW HSW SOUTH WALB8. 333
Figs. 30 and 81. — ^Part of the upper and lower jaw of the
specimen in the Macleay-MnBenm. The shape of the teeth, and
their order cf sequence, is carefully rendered. Cr — longitudinal
ridge.
PLATE 26.
HxTERODOHTUS Francisi, GiTord ; and H. Quoti, Be Fremm.
Fig. 82. — Profile of the spirit-specimen in the Macleay
Museum. Circa 708 mm. (27.9 in.) in length. In this speci-
men there was no characteristic colouring (stripes, hands, or
other markings) of any kind to be observed, on which account
only the external outlines are given. On the uniformly dark
surface the lateral line was, however, to be seen. (Through the
carelessnes of the artist the outline, which should separate the
lower surface of the body from the ventral line, has been omitted.
Fig. 83. — ^View of the same animal from above.
Fig. 34. — View of the head en face to show the form of the
supra-orbital ridges.
Fig. 85. — Half-open mouth in profile, to show the labial folds
and the external nasal apertures.
Fig. 36. — Anterior part of the head, regarded from the ven-
tral side, to display the arrangement of the nasal groove, the
labial folds, and the anterior teeth.
Fig. 87. — Part of the teeth of the same animal in situ, drawn
as accurately as possible with the aid of compasses. In the
lower jaw the arrangement of the accessory cusps of the lateral
tri-cuspidate teeth is noteworthy. The tooth marked * shows the
left, that marked ** the right accessory point of the teeth re-
markably well developed. (This is a point of importance in
determining to which side a tooth may belong).
Fig. 38. — ^Facsimile of the drawing of ffeterodontus Quoyi de
Freminville in the Magazine of Zoology, 1840. N.B. — The
figure has been reversed to facilitate comparison with the others.
The explanation of the figures given by M. le Ghev. de Fremin-
rille is as follows : —
"Fig. 1. — Cestracion (Heterodontas) de Qaoji reduit e
a tiers do sa grandeur nnturelle.
" 1 (a).- — Sa bonche vne de face,
" 1 (b), — Ses dents externes groBsiea.
" 1 (c). — Sea detits internes groHsies."*
On uii apparently uew epecies of PENaoiN, from Campbell
Island.
By F, W. Hut ION, Professor of Zoology in the Otago University.
EUDTPTKS J-ILHOLI, Bp. noV.
Mala. The wiioie of the upper Burface, sides of the head and
throat, blue black ; under sui-f'ace, white. On the lower part of
the neck, the dark oolor of the back projects in a rounded salient,
so that it is more advanced here than at the upper part of the
neck or at the wing. Feathers of the crown, long and narrow j
those at the sidea, considerably produced. A narrow band of
yellow oomraeaceB a short distance behind tho termination of the
cnlmen, passes over the eye, and ends in a long crest ; a patch of
black on the base of the hinder margin of the under surface of
the winfr, and a median band of the same color at the apex ;
lower edge of apex of wing, wliite internally; bill, chestnut
brown ; feet, flesh color, with the webs dnaky; tridea, dark brown.
L<;nf,'th, -id inches ; bill to gape, 2 ; cnlmen, 175 ; height, -75 ;
grearest. breadth, -35 ; wing, measured straight, 575 ; along the
anterior edge, 65; tail, 4-5 nearly; tarsi, 1 ; mid-toe, 1'7 ; claw,
■85 ; hind-toe, 4 ; claw, 15 ; length of longest crest feathers, 2
inches.
This bird was presented to the Otego Musenm by one of the
officers of the French War Steamer, " Vire," who obtained it at
Campbell Island, in 1874. I have named it in remembrance of
Dr. H. Filhol, the accomplished and energetic natnraliet of the
French Transit of Venus Expedition, who visited that island in
1874, in Iho "Vire."
6f nbW bovth walks. SMr
In color and in length of crest, this species is intermediate
between E, chrysocome and E, chrysolopha ; bnt is easily distin>
goished from both by the superciliary yellow streaks commencing
behind the termination of the calmen instead of between the
termination of the cnlmen and the nostrils, and by the dark color
of the back advancing on the sides of the lower neck. From
E, chrysocome it is also distinguished by the narrowness of the
bill, and the different shape of the black mark on the under
surface of the apex of the wing, in which E. JUholi resembles
E. chryaoUypha, From the latter species it is also distinguished
by its color.
The following is an analysis of the known species of Eudyptes,
all of which, except E. dmdemata and E, catarrhactes are in the
Otago Museum. I have distinguished those species not found in
New Zealand by placing them in brackets.
The specimen of E, chrysolopha is from St. Paul's Island, in
the Indian Ocean, and was received from the Paris Museum.
Under surface, black JB, atrata.
Under surface, white
Not crested : —
Bill, long E, antipoda.
Bill, short and thick ... E,vitiata.
Crested : —
Front, yellow.
Throat and sides of head, black (E, diademata).
Throat and sides of head, white E, teklegeli.
Front, black.
Yellow bands arising behind the termination of ) x> ^11. j-
thecuknen )^E.JUholu
Yellow bands arising in front of the tormina- )
tion of the cnlmen \
Sides of head and throat, dark blue.
Tail and crest, short {E. eatarrhaetei),*
Tail and crest, long E. chrysolopha.
Sides of head and throat, black E. chrysocome.
* B. eatarrhaetes is a doubtful species ; very likely based on a made up bird. (See
flnsofa in Ibia, Ser. UL, y. V., p. 113.)
S36 THE F80CEED1HQS OF THE LINKEAn BOCIETT
Notes on a email collection of Birds from tbe New Hebrides,
witli a desoription of a aew species of Merula,
By B. P. Raksit, F.Z.S., Ac, Curator of the Australian
Maseam.
The Maseutn has lately receired tiro small oollsotions of Birds,
in apirits, from the Islands of the New Hebrides gronp, for
which we are indebted to Dr. Maokinlay, of H.M.S. " Nymphe,"
and to the Rev. H. A. Roberteon, now stationed on £]rromanga^
Mf. Robertson's specimens were obtained on the monn tains
during a recent inland escnrsion on tbat island. So little
reliable information is on record respecting the ornithology of
these islands, that any additional authentic not«a on their
avifauna will always be acceptable.
1.— CiRCDS woLFFi, OvfTiey, F.Z.8., 1865, p. 823.
Two fine specimens of a Cirom, which I must, for the present,
refer to this species, although they do not altogether agree with
Mr. Gamey'e description in the " Praceedings " above quoted. I
am inclined to believe them to be only varieties of Circus
goaldii, Bp.
Loc, Erromasga.
2. — MbRCLA ALBIFEONS. ep. rwv.
Adult male. The whole of the head, neok, and chest, white ;
mantle, and all the npper and under surface, dark brown, almost
blackish-brown ; under tail-coverte tipped and mesially shaded
with whitish ; quille of the wings and tail blackish brown ; tibial
feathers yellowish brown ; bill and legs yellow.
Total length, 77 in, fin the flesh, spirit specimen) ; wing, 4 in.;
tail, 2'3 ; tarsus, 1'3 ; bill from forehead, 0'S5 ; from gape, 1 in ;
from nostril, 06 in.
There are a few white-tipped feathers on the abdomen. The
type specimen has been preserved in spirits, and has the head
and neck discoluiud, but liome purely white fuathers on tbe chest
OF NBW SOUTH WALB8. 387
show that these parts were originally white in the adult, while a
feather here and there on the head, seems to indicate that in the
young bird these parts were of a dull smoky brown.
Hab. Mountainous parts of the island of Eromanga, New
Hebrides. Received from the Bev. H. A. Robertson.
The following species have been examined and compared with
this new species : —
M. vanicorensis, Q. et Oaim, Samoan Islands.
M. vitiensis, E, L, Layard. Fiji.
M. ruficeps, Bamsay. Fiji.
M. tempesti, B. L. La/ya/rd. Fiji.
M. xanthopus, Forst New Caledonia.
M. pritzbuesi, B, Layard. New Caledonia.
M. poliooephalus, Latham, Norfolk Island.
M. vinitinota, Gould, Lord Howes Island.
It differs from all in having a purely white chest, the head and
neck, which are slightly discoloured with the spirits, were, with-
out doubt, white also in the living bird. M, tiUetensis, Gm. I have
not seen.
8. — Halcyon julls, Heine ; Sharpe Monog, Alced., pi, 86.
Several specimens agreeing well with Mr. R. B. Sharpens
description (op. dt), but are somewhat larger in their admeasure-
ments ; for a description of the species from TuiuUa in the flesh,
see P.L.S. N.S.W., Vol. 11., p. 141, Hah, Havanah Harbour,
Vela Harbour, &c.. Dr. Mackinlay, Rev. H. A. Robertson.
4— Mtzomela cabdinalis.
This is probably the species alluded to by Mr. E. L. Layard
(Mist 1878, p. 270), but is certainly not M, iomgumolenta^ which
species is confined to Australia. Hah. Tamna ; Dr. MachMay.
6.— Gltciphila plavo-tincta, 0. B. Gray.
Found throughout the groups ; Tanna, Havanah Harbour, &c.
6. — ^ZosTSBOPS FLAViFBOhS, Gm, ; G. B. Gray; Voy. Owracoay
pi 7, fig. 1..
Hab. Tanna ; Vela Harbour, Dr. MachmUuy ; Eromanga, &o.
These specimens agree very well with Dr. Gray's description
338 THH PSOCKKDrKOB OV THI tlFITJUI SOCIBTT
(op. ci<.), bnt the figure there bHowb a dark ring round the white
eye-ring, which is not ibond in the skins before me,
7. — ZoSTEBOPa GR18EOH0TA, 0. S. Oray.
There is no differeoce in the plamage of the aexea.
Hab. Eromanga ; Bev. H. A. Robertson.
8. — GEicciLns ciLEpoNicns, Gm.
Two Bpecimens.
Hab. Grotnanga ; Dr. Mackinlay, Etev. H. &. Robertson.
9, — Lalaoe, *p.
F Lalage pacifica, Omelin.
Adult male. Head, back of the neck, wings, baok and ta^S
black, with a faint greenish metallic gloss ; rump and upper tailH
ooverta, blaish ashy grey ; chin, throat, the lower part of tb^s
ear-coverts, under wing-coverts (except the onder margin of tl^^
ahoulders), ths basal half of all the inner webs of all the wii^
qnills, and the whole of the ander anrface of the body and tk=>
under tail-coverta, pure white ; tail black, with the outer thr^«
feathers on either side largely tipped with white, the fourth qui?/
slightly tipped, and the fifth with a mere indication of white.
The margins of the wings on the nnder surface are black, a few
feathers at the base of the primaries are margined with white, no
white on the first primaiy quilL On the upper surface of the
wing, the seoondaries are very narrowly margined with white,
the fcapularios and their coverts, largely on both weba; the
central wing-coverts white, with black shaft lines, and black tips
and margins, forming a broad patch of white aorosB the wing, a
little below the base of the secondaries ; all the primary-oovertB
black, the greater senes of the secondary-coverts white on both
webs at the base, and also slightly tipped with white ; the lores
are black, and no white eztonda above the eye ; legs, feet, and
bill, black.
Total length of the flesh, ?1 in j wing, 3-3 ; tail, 3-1 ; tarsus,
lin. ; bill, from forehead, 07, from gape, 0'8, &om nostril, 0'4.
Hab. Mountains of Eromanga; sent by the Rev. H. A. Robertaon.
This is, {>crhaps, the L. ^acifica, Om., of which, unfortunately, I
have DO description to compare it with.
OF NBW SOUTH WALB8. 339
10. — Mtugsa melambsa, G. B. Qray^ Oat Bds. Trop. Islds,
Pad/, jp. 18.
Hah. Havanah Harbour, Eromanga, &o. ; Dr. Mackinlay.
Males, females, and yonng in spirits, whicli 1 have carefully
dissected; the females have rich chestnnt throat, breast, and
sides, as described by Dr. Oray, op. dt. Mr. E. L. Layard is
probably in error in stating that the female (Ibis. 1878, vol, 11.,
No. 7, p. 271.) has the throat black. I have invariably fonnd,
that wherever the males and females in the genns Myiagra
resemble one another, both have the throat chestnnt or white.
11 — Ertthbuea ctanovibbns, Feale,
Hah. Eromanga ; Rev. H. A. Robertson.
12. — Trichoolossus massens, Bp.
Hah. Eromanga, Havanah Harbonr, Tanna, &c. ; Dr. Mackin-
lay, Rev. H. A. Robertson.
13 — Trichoolossus paliiarum, Porat
Hah. Havanah Harboar ; Dr. Mackinlay.
14. — Chalgophaps ghrtsoohlora, va/r. Sandwiohensis, Gotdd.
Hah. Vela Harbonr ; Dr. Mackinlay.
15. — ^Macroptgu maceinlati, Eamsa/y, P.L.8., N.8.W., vol. 11,
p. 286.
Hah. Tanna; Dr. Mackinlay.
16. — Calcehas fbrruginea, Forst.
Hah. Havanah Harbonr ; Dr. Mackinlay.
17. — Ptilopus apioalis, Bp.
Hob. Havanah Harbonr, Yela Harbonr, Ac. ; Dr. Mackinlay.
This is probably the species referred to by Mr. E. L. Layard
as P. Greyi (Ibis, 4,ih Ser., vol IL, No. 7, p. 275.)
18. — ^Ptilopus (Ghrtsaena) corriei, Bamsay, P.L.8.t NS.W.,
vol. J., p. 138.
Hah. Mallicola, Dr. Corrie ; Yela Harbonr, Dr. Mackinlay.
19. — Carpophaga pacipica, Gm.
Hob. Eromanga ; Rev. H. A. Robertson.
940 THE pBocKBMsaa op ihk LiifirKiR bocibtt
DeacripHon of a new species of RHipmuRi, firom Lord Howe'a
Island.
By E. P. EuiSAT, F.L.S., Ac.
BrapiDCBi CSRVTNA. tp. nov.
All the apper sarface, doll earthy brown ; the frontal feathen
tinged with asby brown at the base, the loree, sides of the head,
and ear-covertSj of a siightly darker tint of brown than that of
the bead, a line of haS over the eye ; tbraat, whitish ; chest, and
all the under sarface, and the onder wing-coverts, light fawn
color, a little paler on the nnder tail-coverts ; wings, blackish
brown, the secondaries narrowly margined on the outer web with
bnff, the scapnlaries rather broadly margined with white and
bofT; the coverta of the secondariea and scapolaries distinctly
tipped with bnff; tail, blackish brown, lighter on the inner webs,
the shafta of all, except the centre two feathers, white on both
sides ; the outer feathfira, on either side, margined on both
webs, and largely tipped with boi^ white, all the rest, except the
centre two, margined on the inner webs with the game tint ;
btU, black ; feet and legs, blaickish brown ; bristles, black, ei-
twndi"g to beyond the bill Total length, 6 in. ; wing, 3 in. ;
taO,S-^; tMm,0-8; bill, &om fbrebead, 0-&, from gape, 0-55.
from nostril, 0-22.
(Deicriptitm taken from ttto mounted ipeament; no asr recorded.)
Hab. Lord Howe'a Island, collected by Mr. George Masters.
A conveisation ensued in refercDce to the affinities traceable
between the faona of New Zealand, Lc»d Howa'a Island, and New
Caledonia.
Sir. ilacleay exhibited a beaaciM cotal foand at Green's Point,
Watsons Bay. by Mr. J. Brazier.
Mr, Elamsay ex.hibi:yii t'ocr species of Rifle Birds, gave a
fketi.'hot'th':' history of eatjh $peci<;s. :uid pointed oat the differences
between them.
bif NEW SOUTti WALES. 341
•
PtUorhis paradisea (the N.S.W. Rifle bird) was plentiM in the
Clarence, Richmond, and Tweed Districts ; and was found as far
north as G-ympie, in Queensland.
Ptilorhis Victoria he met with at Rockingham Bay, and had
received specimens from Trinity Bay (Broadbent), and Barnard
Island, collected by Alexander Morton.
For the Cape York Rifle Bird, Dr. Gray had proposed the
name of CraspedopJiora Alb&rti, and Craspedophora Magnijiea was
the well-kDOwn New G-oinea bird. Mr. Ramsay illustrated his
remarks by beautifully-preserved skins of males, females, and
yonng of all the four species.
MONDAY, 25th NOVEMBER, 1878.
W. J. Stephens, IEIsq., M.A., President, in the Chair.
NEW MEMBER.
The Rev. J. B. Tenison-Woods, F.G.S., F.L.S., &c., formerly
ft Corr. Member of the Society, was duly elected.
DONATIONS.
Compte Rendu de la Society Entomologique de Belgique.
Serie II., No. 65 ; from the Society.
Quarterly Journal of Conchology ; from the Editor, J. W.
Taylor, Esq., Leeds.
PAPEBS BEAD.
On six new species of Annelids, belonging to the
Family Amphinomid^.
By William A. Haswell, M.A., B. Sc, Edin.
1. — .Amphinome nitida, «p. nov.
This species is a little over two inches in length, consisting of
aboat forty segments of quadrilateral transverse section, be-
coming narrower anteriorlj ; the decrease in breadtli beginning in
front of the fifth setiferooa eegment Poeteriorly, the body tapers
away slightly after the sixteenth segment; bat the posterior ei-
tremity, thongfa narrower than the middle of the body, is rather
blunt than pointed. The camncle is small, depressed, smooth,
and somewhat cordiform in shape. From its anterior eitremity
arises the median tentacle, which is short and stoat, and (in the
spirit-specimen} of a red colonr. The antenns and palpi, which
arise from the first somatic segment, are of a similar shape and
colonr; the palpi being somewhat shorter than the antenns or
tentacle. The prestominra is mesiaUy grooved below, bat not
distinctly bilobed. The brancbie, which commence on the third
setiferoas segment, sre large and ramose, consisting of abont foor
main branches, arising by a common root from the dorsal
tabercle behind and internal to the dorsal fascicnlns of setfe.
These branches divide and sabdivide — -the ramtficatioos ending
finally with namber of slightly dilated jNODBke. The main
branches are green in the Gpiiit apecamen, and lite pinnnles oi
the same bright red hae w the antenme:. Hie eini, wlitcli are
also of a red colour, are somewhat shocf , the ventval aeariea being
smaller than the dorsal Tbers an no post-«nal appendages — a
wart-!ike process representing them.
The dorsal setts are nearly colourless, long, and fairly no-
meroDs. They consist of two distinct kinds :- — one kind stonter
and shorter ; somewhat pointed, and possessing two rows of ser-
rations ; the other mnch finer and longer, fi«e from serrations^
and having near their extremity a joint or bend, &om which
they taper, with a s%ht carve, to a fine distal point. The
ventral setn are very much shorter than the dwiial, and osaally
only abont fonr in namber in each foot. They are stoat, curved
at the distal end, and finely pointed, reeembling, in general form,
the corresponding setae in J. riMtr^Ua and A. /Miesii (Baird, Mo-
nograph of iho AmpLinomaceBe, Joora. Lin. Soc., vol. X., pi. r\'.),
bat having the point m^ich more acme. These setje are dark-
coloured, while the dijrsal arv transparent.
This specieci of AHti.'ki,i,-mi is the third described as occoring
ou tht Aoatraliau tM»si, tht oi^^r two being A. rjttr<^a, Baird,
and A. JuJciini B»iid.
OF FEW SOUTH WALES. 343
Bah. Cape Grenvllle. (Ghevert Ezped.)
2. — Amphinome prjilonga, 8p, nov.
This large species is aboat six inches long and half an inch in
breadih, and the body contains forty-six segments, of quadrilateral
transverse section. The camncle is very small, and not well-
preserved in the specimens. The tentacle, antennas, and palpi
are stent, dark-oolonred. and snb-eqnaL The branchisB, which
begin on the third setiferoos segment, are blackish, with lighter
grey stems, and very bnshy and large.
The dorsal setaa are of two kinds : — those of the one variety
are long, and stout, and straight till near the extremity, when
ihey begin to taper, and end in a fine point, the terminal taper-
ing portion being gently curved ; those of the other variety are
shorter, straight, and pointed, and are beset by two rows of
minute teeth for some little distance below the apex. The
ventral setsB, about a dozen in number in each foot, are long,
Btout, and smooth, with a hooked extremity, closely resembling
in form the corresponding structure in the preceding species.
Hah. Eatow, New Guinea. (Ghevert Exped.)
3. — ^NoTOPYGOS PLAvus, 8p. nov.
This annelid is one inch in length, by two-and-a-half lines in
breadth, and consists of thirty segments. It is oval and flattened,
sHghtly pointed at both ends ; the posterior extremity being the
more acute. The caruncle is elongated and sinuous, extending
over five segments. The tentacle is longer than the antennsB
^d palpi. The branchisd, which begin on the fifth setiferous
^menty are small and ramose. The anal appendages are short,
^^bnshaped. The dorsal cirri are stout and short ; the ventral
^Wt the same length, but more slender in form.
1^6 dorsal setaa are of two kinds : — some are short, stout, and
•
BiiQply pointed ; others are longer, and bifurcated at the extre-
^ty; the shorter branch being only about one-fourth of the
length of the other, and having a bluntish apex ; while the
longer branch is slightly bent outwards from the angle of the
fork, and is continued thence to its apex, without further curva-
3fl4 THB PB0CBEDINO9 OF 1
tore, and without aerratioiia. The veotrat setee have all the sams
form as the second kind of the dorsal. Both the dorsal and
ventral fasciculi are of a golden yellow coloar.
Hab. Darnley Island. (Chevert Exped.)
4. — NoTOPYGoa PiRVua, ap. nov.
The length of this species is a little more than half-an-inch,
aod its breadth about a qaarter of an inch. Its form is oval and
depressed; and the number of segmentB is about twenty-eight.
It is characterised especially by the form of the oamncle, which
has the appearance of a thick smooth posterior tentacle, its free
extremity reaching aa far back as the fifth segment. From the
anterior fixed end of the caruocle anses the median tentacle,
which is smaller than the antennte, as are also the palpi. The
eyes are large and subequal. Two black spoU, close together,
on tha under surface of the narrow prcatonium, have the
appearance of an accessory pair of eyes. The branchiie, which
begin on the third segment, consist on each aegraoiit of a few
simple filiform processes, usually seven or eight in number, aris-
ing in a transverse row from the dorsal tubercle The dorsal
cirri are almost uniform in appearance with these colonrleaa
branchial filaments. The anal appendages are short and tulwrole-
like.
The dorsal setiferous tubercle is broad transversly, and the
setee very numerous ; the ventral setce are fewer, and placed close
together. All the aetee, ventral, and dorsal, possess the same
form. They are straight, smooth aciculte, bifurcated at the tip ;
the shorter branch being less than half the length of the other,
straight, and rather blunt ; the longer branch haa a sudden, bend
outwards, opposite the apex of the shorter branch, and from that
point tapera to the extremity, with a slight curve inwards.
The two species above described are referred provisionally to
the genua Nolopygos. This genus contains hitherto only two
species — Notopygos cvmitus, Grube, and N. omatus, Grube ; and
one of the generic characters given by Kin berg is a slight ser-
ration on the inner side of the longer branch of the dorsal setse.
This serratioD is entirely absent in the case of the two species I
OF ITEW SOT^fi n'ALlSS. 345
have described. Possibly tbe definition of tbe genus migbt be
stretched to admit these new species ; but on the other hand, the
second, which I have named Noiopygos 'parvus, may not impro-
bably turn out to be the type of a new genus.
Hab, Tacking Point. (Ghevert Exped.)
5. — Chloeia Magleayi, sp. nov.
The length of this form is two and-a-half inches, and its
breadth three-quarters of an inch, including the setaB of the feet.
It is of oral depressed form, pointed at both ends, but more
acute posteriorly. The caruncle is attached below to the first
two setiferous segments ; but its posterior free extremity pro-
jects as far back as the hinder border of the thu*d segment. It
consists of a larger central and two smaller lateral longitudinal
folds, each coTcred with transverse corrugations. Along the
summit of the central fold runs an irregular dark line, continued
forwards to the central antenna. The central antenna or tentacle,
which arises from the anterior end of the caruncle, is much
larger than the antennae proper and palpi ; the antennsB are
marked with an irregular longitudinal black stripe ; the palpi
are shorter and stouter, and pale in colour. The cephalic
segment is large and strongly bilobed inferiorly. On the ventral
surface of the second setiferous segment, just in front of each
angle of the mouth, is a large black spot on each side, and one
or two smaller ones. The first two pairs of feet have each a
black spot on their anterior surface ; in tbe third pair, this
becomes a black line crossing the foot from without inwards ; im-
mediately behind which, in the fourth and succeeding segments,
appears a second and shorter line crossing the ventral tubercle in
the same direction. The branchisB, which begin on the fourt}i
somatic segment, arise from the dorsal surface of the segments,
internal to the dorsal bundle of setaB ; they are very large and
finely pinnatifid; the stout main stem being black, and the
branches pale.
There is no such marked pattern on tbe dorsal surface of the
body as in Ohloda pulchella and G. flava ; there is, however, one
indistinct, broad, oblique, dark band internal to the branchiaa ;
r THB LINMBAH ^OCIKTT
and in the centre, two obscare dajrk spotB, one behind the other.
The dorsal oirri are long aad slender, with an irregnlar longi-
tudinal black stripe; the ventral are Bomewhat ghorter and
colourless. The anal appendages are large, stout, cylindrical, and
coloorlesB.
The dorsal settB are straight, and very long and stoat. They
are moderately blunt, and serrated near the apex ; the serrationB
being between foarteon and twenty-one in number, and harpoon
shaped. Tbe ventral aotte are not so nnmerons as the dorsal ;
are very long, about equalling the dorsal in this respect, and are
much more slender than the latter. They are bifurcated at the
tip ; the smaller branch being esoeedingly short.
Hub. Gape Sidniouth. (Ohevert; Ezped.)
6. — EUPaBOSINB Ua3TBK8II, Sp. ilOV.
Tue oval depressed body is an inch in length, half-an-inch in
breadth, and consists of aboat forty segments. The dorsal in-
tegument of each segment is marked out into namerous poly-
gonal areffi by striae. On the ventral snrface, just in front of the
mouth, are two swollen lobes, oonsisting of the dilated oral ends
of the two halves of the first somatic segment. On the ventral
surface of the preatomium, in front of and between these lobes,
is a black spot. The caruncle consists of a central midrib and
two crenated lateral bars, between which and the midrib, on each
side, is situated a smooth fleshy lobe. Rising from the anterior
end of the midrib is a short stumpy process, representing the
tentacle, and at its base are the single pair of eyes. The
branohife are ramose, and arise by as many as nine or ten
distinct roots from almost the entire breadth of the foot. The
main trunks divide and subdivide to form deniiroidal masses,
the terminal twigs of which are slightly expanded and phylloid.
Behind the long slit like anal aperture, situated on the dorsal
surface, is a single, Wge, roanded anal appendage.
The setaa are, as is characteristic of the genus, all biforcate.
Those of the dorsal tubercles are numerous and free from serra-
tions ; the shorter branch is a mere raoth, about one-fourth of the
length of the longer, which has a gentle cnrvatare inwards
OF FEW SOUTH WALB8. 347
These inoreaae in length ventrally; the outer setsB, ».«., those
nearer the dorsal surface — being very short. The Tentral setas,
which are fairly namerons, are of two kinds ; those of the one
kind, of varioos lengths, are smooth and bifurcated ; the shorter
branch being well deTeloped, of about one-third the length of the
longer, which has a strong bend outwards, and terminates in a
blunt apex. The others are fewer, and of a very unusual shape.
They have a slender stalk of varying length, but always much
shorter than the longest of the other variety, and divided by a
longitudinal dark line. This stalk bifurcates, the branches being
much stouter than the stem, and of somewhat complex form.
The shorter branch is somewhat club-shaped, and curved slightly
outwards to a blunt apex ; the longer branch is narrower than
the other at its base, but expands into an extremity with some-
what the form of a bird's head — the " beak " being turned out-
wards ; the narrower stalk of this branch — representing the neck
of the bird — follows the curvature of the smaller branch ; and
both the apposed borders are lined with a series of small ser-
rations.
Sab. Damley Island. (Ghevert Exped.)
ESSAY ON THE ICHTHYOLOGY OF PORT JACKSON.
By Count F. de Castblnau.
My intention is to give in this paper a list of all the species of
bony fishes (teleoatei) that h&vz up to this day been observed in
the great Harbour of Port Jackson, ar.d i.i its immediate vicinity.
I know that this catalogue will be found very incomplete ; it
must only be considered as giving, as far as possible, the list
of the sorts that have been quoted by authors as having been
found at Sydney, and of all those I have, during a stay of nearly
two years, been able to collect by daily visits to the fishmongers.
Of those I have seen in a fresh state, I give a particular notice
and a description of their colours, &c ; this having generally
been omitted by travellers ; and most being only known from
discoloured specimens in European Museums.
The atudj of Ichthyology is attended with much more dif-
ficnlty than that of any other branch of zoology ; not only are
the species very aameroDs and often very difficult to distingTiish one
from the other, bat they also present difficntiea from their size and
mode of preservation ; a small box may contain a large number of
inaeots; and it is the same with shells, and to a certain decree,
with bird skiua ; fishes, on the contrary, are generally preaeired
in liquor; the vases that contain them are large, bolky, easily
broken, and very difficult to transport. The mlea of moat of the
Australian Unseams do not allow specimens to be removed trom
their buildings ; and nhatever may be ihe kindness of tiie
curators, they cannot break these rolea. On the other baad.
numerous books are reqoired for the study of fishes ; and those
are not generally found in the scientific establish ments of tbis
countT}'. These reasons explaiii why certain spedes from
Sydney oontained in the Ai:istr»liaD Unsenm are not iiu^aded
ur described in this pap^.
The Brisbane and Adelaide Maseams hat^ adopted a diff»«iit
system, and hare sent me all thnr fishes, and thus their Ich-
thyobgieal coUeciioos, Ao., ai« complefiely named, while thoae
of the other mnseuBs are the Twy icircfae.
5Ir. W. Mucleay owns a splendid collection of Anstialian
zoology, and has most liberally lent me specimens and valuable
books. I am also indebted to him for several rectifications in the
names of the species.
Mr. Ramsay, of the AnstraUan Mosenm, h»s also done all in
bif power to assist roe by lending me any of his own books I had
net in my own library.
The species here mentioned as inhabiting Port Jackson, nnmber
in-o hondred and nineteen, of which one hundred and thirty
have, till now, only been found in Aostrali&n waters, and mgfaty-
six extend their habitat to other seas.
Ot'ibout one himilreii and tifty sorts chae have, to my know-
Ui.'..;t'- been observeii in Hi>bsou's Bay and its vicinity, only
^■•.■■.■•_v-seveu art- inolmled auit'tcsi; cbotse romul ac Sydney. This
- 1 oariou? tiift as ch^fie two localicifs an? so near one another.
'. ■■>>.■ tiiuimt thtj localities ot r-ht: s«rts tuund in other regions.
07 KBW SOUTH WALB8. 349
we find that by &r the greatest part are from the Indian and
Polynesian seas, and that seme of these enter the Red Sea, that
eight or nine extend to Japan, and nine or ten to New Zealand,
seventeen to the Atlantic Ocean, and seven or eight to the
Enropean seas, most of them to the Mediterranean. It mast,
however, be recollected that at least three of these are doubtful,
and will require numerous specimens to be closely compared.
^ The fish market of Sydney presents two different aspects ; in
winter, it contains only a very few sorts, of dark colour, and
almost all the same as those found in the Melbourne sea, and
exclusively Australian. In the warm months of the year appear
the demzens of the Indian and Pacific oceans, adorned with all
the splendid hues that nature seems so apt to lavish on the
tropical sorts.
Berycidj:.
Trachichthys Australis, ShoAio,
Beryz affinis, Qwidli, Ncmegai.
? ? ? Monocentris Japonicus, Houthuyn,
Pebcidje.
Lates oolonomm, Chmth, Perch.
Enoplosus armatus. White. Old Wife.
Serranns Damelii, Ounth. Bock cod.
dispar, Steind. id.
Merra, Bloch, id.
guttatus, 0. V. id,
guttulatus, M(zclec6y. id.
undulato-striatus, Peters, id.
Neoanthias Gnntheri, Oast.
Plectropoma serratum, 0. F.
annulatnm, Chmih.
semicinctum, 0. V.
cyanostigma, Gv/nth.
nigro-rubrum, O. V.
Priaoanthns macracanthus, 0. V.
Benmebari, Schleg.
Diaoopns Bengalensis, Bloch,
F THE UKNBAH SOCIKTT
Apogon faaciatus, White.
Novea-Hollandia), Fa I.
ArripU trnttaceua, C. V,
Glaaoosoma Borgeri, Uieh,
PntSTIPOlUTtDS.
Therapon Caviflri, Bleek.
servDB, BlocK
Helot«3 sexlineatns, Quoy. ^ Gaim.
Aganor modestos, Oait. rp. n«c
UULUDX.
tJpeneicbtliyB parosos, C. V. Pmt tJtede.
Upenoides Tbuningii, a F. fi«l VtiHa.
npenens signatns, Gimik.
Ualuuditlijs tri-caqtidatk, Q. f Gau*. £
simplBZ, Bieiiini
^•MiMfAii^iit iexiss^ints:t&. Sink
OF FEW SOUTH WALB8. 361
Gheilodaoiylns gibbosns, Bich,
annularis, Oast 8p. nov.
Zeodrins vestitas, Gcut. 8p, nov.
Latris ciliaris, Forat
Triolids.
Scorpasna cardinalis, Rich, Bed Bock cod,
cmenta, Soland, Id,
bynoensis, Bich Id,
Sebastes percoides, Hich, Id.
Phatycephalas fnscns, 0,V. Flat-head,
laBvigatiis, G,V, Id.
bassensis, O.V. Id.
cirronasos, Gunth. Id.
Centropogon robastns, Ounth,
Anstralis, White,
Pentaroge marmorata, C. V. Fortescue.
Trigla Kama, Oa/mot. Qumet.
plearacanthica, Bich. Id,
polyommata, Bich. Flying gwmet.
Lepidotrigla Papilio, O.V.
Dactylopterus orientalis, 0. V,
Synancidiam horridam, lAm/a.
Pterois zebra, O.V.
volitans lAwn.
Tbaghinidj;.
Fercis nebnlosa, 0. V,
macolaia, Q. 8f Qami, Whitmg.
Sillago C Bassensis, Ovm. V. id,
\ Terr8&-Regin89, Oast, oUm,
Leptoscopas macropygas, Bich,
Aphritis Urvillei, 0, F.*
SCLSNIDJI.
« . C Aqoila ? Lacep. Jew fish.
X Antarctica, Oast, olim,
POLTNEMIDJ;.
FOLTNEMUS Indicns, Shaw,
* The BpeoimenB ttom Oliina lielong probably to % dUVBrent ■ort.
t6i> THB psocKEuiKos or THi LtsswAS aociwn
Apogon faaciatos, While,
Now-HollBudue, Val.
Arripis trottacens, C F.
QUnoosoma Bnrgeri, Rich.
PmsTiPOiUTir^
Therapon Cavieri, Bkeh.
servTiB, Bloelt.
Helotes seiliceatos. Quay. Sc Gaina.
Agenor modestae, Cait. tp. nov.
UpeneichthyB porosos. G. V. Pink cheek.
Upeiioides Ylamiii^, 0. V. Bed MuUeL
Upenens sigo&tns, Omttk.
Spakid£.
Malanichthys tri-cospid&ta, Q. ^- Gaim. Black Fuk.
simplex, Sichard.
zonata, Gunih-
Lethriniis gliphodoQ, Ganih.
ehrysostomns, Biek.
Pagms miicolor, Q. ^ Gaitti. Seimaf^ef.
Chrysopluyfi AostraJis, Gvnih. Bream.
Sarba, ForH. Black frreom.
Apharens rosens, Cast. Sp. rtov.
Aplodaclylns obecaros, Gast. Sp. nov.
lophodon, Gunih.
SQITUnFINHXS.
Atypichthys strigatiis, Ount\.
ChietodoD sexfasciatos, Bieh.
NeocbstodoD vittatos, Oatt.
ScatophagDS mnltifasciatas, Biek,
Aigua, Linn.
Scorpis seqnipinnis, Eich. Suv'^.
ClEKHITIDI.
Chironemaa marinoratas Gantk.
Cheilodactylus fuscas, C-if. Sp. iuk.
OF NIW SOUTH WALK. 368
QOBUDM.
Eleotris Anstralis, Qunth.
mop^nmda, Bich,
Batrjlcejdm.
Batirachus dnbins, White,
Pedigulati.
Antennarias pinniceps, 0. V.
Gommersonii, (7. V.
Blehnidje.
Cristiceps antineotes, Ounih.
anrantiacns, OaaL 8p. nov,
Macleayi, Oast 8p. nov.
jy . ( fronto, lUoh,
fatoouB [ maculafcus, Gm^*.
Petroscirtes variabilis, Ccmtor.
analifl, 0. F.
Sticliariiim dorsale, Qv/nth,
Blexmias nnicomis, Oaai, 8p, nov.
Teuthid*.
Tenthys Javus, Idnn.
nebolosa, Q. 8f Oaini,
Nakdidji.
. Kuppelia prolongata, Oa«L Blue-fish.
Trachinops iaeniatns, Ovmih
Athebinidje.
Atherina pingnis, Laeep, Hwrdy Head.
Atherinichthys Jacksomana, Q. 8f Oaim.
MUOILIDJE.
Mngil dobnla, Ghmth Ha/rd-gut nmllet.
Peronii, 0. V. Fan-tail uMillet.
grandis, Oast N. sp.
Myxns elongatnSy Ghmth.
Fistulabidj:.
Vistolaria, serrata, Ouv.
Heliastes hipsilcpts, Gimli.
Ponwcentnis nnifaaei*tns, GmA.
;]
Trochocopaa noicolor, Onnth.
Labrichthys gymnogeias, GwUh. Parrol-fiih.
Parila, Bkh. irf.
localentoB, Biek, id.
Dtgro-maTgiiiatas, IT. Z>. id.
latictarinB, RkA. id.
CoesjpliDS unimacolatna, GutUA, Pig/uh.
Tulpioaa, Sich.
Gonldii, Uieh. Blue ffroper.
Coris lineolata, 0. V. Farrot-fiih.
Odaz eemifasciatns, 0- V. id.
balteatus, 0. V. id.
obBCoroB, Oatt id.
I-.T .L ( cyaoometas, PitA.
ObBtheropa J trimneiiB ?• Kocieoj.
Heteroaoarna Castelnani, Macieay.
Gbrkidx.
Crerrea ovatnfi, &un<^
subfaaciatiiH, C.V.
Qadida.
Lotella callarias, (TuntA.
rubiginoaa, Quuth.
Pledsonectids.
Hhomboaolea fleBoides, Gvnth. SoU.
Pseudorhombiis Russelii, Oray. Flounder.
Kynaptnra qnagga, Kaup,
I. lame huTS the ei-
■potiad Ticb blue,
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 356
Pardaohims payoninns, Lacep.
Ammotretns rostrafcos, Ounth,
Solea miurocephala. Ghmth,
SiLURIDiB.
Cnidoglanis Megastoma, Bich. Cat-fish,
leptams P Ghmth, Bog-fish,
SCOPELID^.
Saarida nebnlosa, 0, V,
Anstralis, Cast, iT, sp,
UDdosqnamis, Rich,
Sauras Myops, Bloch,
Anlopas porparissatns, Mch, Sarjecmt Baker,
SCOMBBESOCID^.
Hemirhamphns regalaris, Ou/nth, Oa/rfish,
melanochir, CV. id,
C argentens, Bermet,
\ breviceps, Cast, olim,
Belone feroz, Chmth, Long Tom,
CLUPEIDiE.
Elops sanrns, lA/nn,
Ghanos salmonens, Bloeh.
Glupea Moluccensis ? Bloch, Sprat.
Sagaz, Jenyns, id,
hypselosoma. id,
Etrumeus Jacksoniensis, Ma^leay.
MuBiBNIDJB.
Ophichthys Serpens, Lmn,
MoraBnesox Bagio, Kaup, Sea Eel.
Myrophis Anstralis, Cast. N. sp. id,
MorsBna silnrea, Richard. id,
afra, Bloch. id.
Conger P labiata. Cast, N, sp. id.
Angailla Anstralis, Bich, Eel
Stnonathidj?.
Stigmatophora Argus, Bich.
nigra, Kaup.
IM THB PBOCBBDISOB OF TKS LUIHBAK SOCIBTT
SyngnalhiiB tigria, Gait. S. ep.
marg&ritifer, Fetert.
Phjllopteiyz foliatas, Shaw. Sea-horse.
Hippocampus Xovfe-HoUandise, Sleind. id
tiisCis. Gasieln.
S CLE BODE RUES.
Balistes Jaoksoniannfl, Q. Sr Qaiin. Lealker-jacket.
Monaoantbos Ajrandi, Q. ^ Owim.
oonvexirostria, Gwtdh.
granalatns, While.
megalnrus, BiUh.
tomentosas, Ztnn.
Peronii, Bollard.
penicilligeruB, Ouvier.
bippocrepis, Q. ^ Gaim.
plati&ona, SoUard.
macnJosus, Kteh.
nidis, Bich
sptlomeiaDiinis, Q. ^ Oaim.
presintiB, Cast.
i obsonms, Cast (1).
i hriuiDPas, CaeL olt'nt.
( Damelii, Gvnth.
OSTEICIONTIW.
OstrkcJon diaphanns, Bloeh. Coffin-fitK
ooacatonatos, BlocK id.
ArAoama le&licnUris, BicK. id.
GTlfSOItOKTES.
IVliwltvn immaonlatns., Block. Toad-Jitk.
hisj^i.ln*;, B7
J
Bl
id.
h4.\
nuK n( ft-uminu (Pmcsgd. ZooL Soc. of
mstaVt. fr^vr. ihe ^Aie nune to AD Qth«r
tiff ra. ihf Fifihf! rtf AnsD^li^ Feb^ 1ST6,
name j^' Tvmeh^ tftppiJa Mif, of Niktanl
Ot KXW SOUTH WALB8. 357
Tetrodon hjpselogenion, Ghmth. id.
firmamentum, ScMeg. id.
IsByigatus, Unn, id,
Diodon novemmacolatas, Owv, 8ea-hog or globe,
Hystrix, Linn, id.
Dicotylichthys panctalatas, Kaup.
The following sorts appear to be oonfiiied to Aastraliaii
waters: —
Trachichihys Australis.
Lates colonoram.
Enoplosns armatus.
Serranas Damelii
gattulatns.
Plectropoma serratnm.
annnlatnm.
nigrorabram.
Apogon fasciatns.
NovfiB-HollaiidiiB.
Arripis tmttacens.
Glaucosoma Bnrgeri.
Helotes sezlineatas.
Agenor modestns.
Upenens signatns.
Melanichtbya tricuspidata.
simplex.
zonata.
Pagrns unicolor.
Lethrinus chrysostomos.
Cbrysophrys Australis.
Aplodactylns obscunis.
lophodon.
ChaBtodon sexfasciatns.
Neocboetodon vittatns.
Scatopbagus maltifasciatas.
Scorpis adqnipiimis.
Cbironemas marmoratus.
Cbeilodactylas fuscas.
I6B TKK PBOCKXDIKSB or TWM UHXIAX •OCIKTT
Cheilodactjlas gibbosns.
anon [aria.
ZeodrinB rest! tag.
Scorpsna cardinalia.
bynoeosis.
Platycephalos Itevigatna.
bassensia.
oiiTonafiuB.
CentropogOD robostus.
A us trails.
Tni^la plcuracaatbica.
Trigla polyommats.
Percia nebulosa.
SUlago mac u lata.
basBeDsb.
LeptoBCopns macro pygua.
Aphritis Urvillei.*
Polynemus macrocbir.
Sphynena Novfe-HoUandue.
NeoBphyreeua maltiradiata.
Soomber a&tarctioos.
AtiziB Ramsey).
Seriola hippos,
gr&ndia.
Traoharos declivis ? ?
Pempheris compresBus.
Carauz georgianns.
Gleotria Austral is.
mogumda.
Batraohos dubiue.
Cristioepa antinecteB.
Macleayi.
HurautiacuB.
GlcnniuB unicornis.
Patsecus fronto.
OP VtW tOlTTR WALKS. 369
Petroscirtes analis.
Stiohariain dorsale.
Bappelia prolongata.
Trachinops tamiainis.
Atherinichthys JacksoniaDa.
Mngil Peronii.
grandifl.
Mjxns elongatns.
Heliastes hipsilepis.
Pomacentros nnifasoiatus.
Parma microlepis.
sqamipinnis.
Trochooopns nnicolor.
Labrichthys gymnogenis.
Parila.
Incnlenta.
nigromarginata.
laticlaYios.
Cossyphus unimacalatus.
vulpinus.
Coris lineolata.
Odax balteatns.
obsoams.
Olistherops cyanomelas.
Heteroscaros Castelnani.
Qerres ovatos.
subfasciatas.
Lotella callarias.
rabiginosa.
Bhombosolea flesoides.
Fseadorhombus Bossellii.
Ammotretus rostratns.
Solea microoephala.
Cnidoglanis megastoma.
lepturus.
Saurida Australia.
undosqaamis.
160 THE PKOCBBDIIIQS DF THX UMVKtX SOCim
Anlopos parpurissatna
Hemirfa&mphaB pegnlaria.
argent«uB.
Belone ferox.
Clapea hypaeloeoma.
Etrnmeos JBCkeonieaBia.
Mjropbis AnBtralis.
Mnrsena silnrea.
Conger ? labiate.
An^illa Aostralis.
Stigmatophora nigra.
S^gnathoa tigris.
margaritifer.
Phyllopteryx foliatoa,
Hippooampns NoTee-HallanduB.
Balistes Jacksoniacus.
MonacanthuB Ayraadi.
oonvexirostris.
gnwalatna.
megalnnu.
hippocrepis.
platifrooB.
maonlosns.
ndia.
gjnlomelaiinnis.
obocDTiis.
Aracana lentdcolanB.
Tetrodon amabQis.
The species that are also found in other seas thaa the Anstr^fui
??? Monocentris japoaicas. Japan.
Beiyx af&nis. N. Zeal.
Serranns dispar. Indian Sea.
Merra. Id.
guttatus. Ind- Sea, Folynetia.
OV HBW SOUTH WJUUM. 361
Serranns andiilato-striatiis. Ind.
Neoanthias Ghintheri. Moluccas,
Plectropoma semicinctnm. OhiU,
qyanostigma. Moluccas,
Priacanthns maoraoanthns. Id. Ja^an.
benmebari. Jaj^an.
Diacopns beogalensis. Ind. Polynesia.
Therapon cuyieri. Mdticcas
servos. India.
Upeneiohthys porosns. N. ZeaiUund,
ITpeneoides Vlamiiigu. N. Zeal. Moluccas.
Lethrinns glyphodon. Louisiad,
CHrysophrys sarba. Red §c Ind. Sea.
Aphareus rosens. Moluccas.
Aiypichthys strigatiis. N. Hebrides.
Scatopfaagns argos. India.
Latns ciliaris. N. Zealand.
ScorpoBna craenta. Id.
Sebastes percoides. Id.
Platyoephalos fdscos. Pacific.
Pentaroge marmorata. Timor.
Trigla knmn. N. Zeal.
Lepidotrigla papilio. Indian.
Dactyloptera orientalis. Indian Sea.
Synancidiom horridnm. Ind.
Pterois zebra. Ind.
Pterois volitans. Ind.
Scioena aqnila. AtUmtic, Medit.y Oape 0. Hope.
Polynemns Indicns. Ind. Sea.
Zens faber ? Medit. AtUmt.
Elacate nigra. Antilles^ Ind.j Japam,.
Naucratis duotor. Europe, N. Amer., Madeira, C.G.H.
Echeneis Nauorates. N. ^ S. Amer., Madeira, Ind. , Ohina.
Bemora. Ewrope, Madeira, 0, G. H., Ind., Ohina.
Cybinm Commersonii. Ind.
Thynims Pelarays. AtUm., Ind.
Brama Baii. AUanht, Medit,, C.O.H, ?
Seriola Lalandii. S. Amer.. Japan, C.Q.H 7
nigro-fasciata. Tied ^ luOan Seat.
Traohinotus orataa. AUatU. Ind.
Bailloni. lad.
Blepharie ciliaria. Bed Sf Ind. 8ea».
TemnodoD Salt-ator. N. ^ S. Amer., Ind,
Goranz maoroaoma. Molveeas.
Psenes lencoraa. Ind.
Psetttia ar^ntons. Bed ^ Ind. Seas, Polyneiia.
Antennariua pinmceps. Ind.
CoiDinerBoniL Ind., ^oluc
Hiatiophoras gladias. Europe, AUatU.
Petroscirtos variabtlis. Ind.
Tenthys Jams. Ind.
aebiiIos». Polt/nesia.
Atherina pingnie. Ind., Polyneeia.
Hngii dobnla. Polynes.
Fistalaria serrata. Ind. China.
Odax samifasciBtaB. Ind t
STiiaptara qnsgga. Chvaa.
Pardaohims Pavoninos. /nti.
Saorida nebulosa. Ind., FoXyn,
Saoma myops. AntiUeg, Ind., Polyn.
Hemirbamphoa melanocbir. Gh. If. Zeal.
Elope Sanroa. AntiSeg, S. Amer., Ind. Sf Bttd Seat.
ChaDoa aalmoneoa. Bed, Ind., China Sf Padjio Seat.
Clupea molaccensia. Ind., Molne.
aagaz. Japan, Amer. Pae^, N.Z.
Ophiohthya serpena. Medit., Attant,, Japan.
MoroOTieaox Bagio. Ind., Japan.
MartBna a&a. AUatvt., AntiUes, Ind.
Stigmatopbora argns. N. Guinea.
Monacanthua tomentosaa. Ind., ChiiM.
penicilligerna. Ind.
Ostraciou diaphanus. Japan, C. G. Bope.
concatinattts. China, C. G. Hope.
Tetrodon Inoaria. Ailant. Pacific, iloluceat.
OF KXW SOUTH WALKS. 363
Tetrodon immacnlatiis. Red, Ind, 8f Polynesicm Seas.
hispidns. Bed, Indian Sects,
hypselogenion. Ind, Polynes,
firmamentnm. Japan,
loBYigatus. Atlami (Brazils),
Diodon novemmacalatns. Atlant, Pacific, Ind,
hystrix. Id, Id, Id,
Dicoiylichthys punctnlatns South Indian Sea,
Of about one hnndred and fifty sorts known as inhabit-
ing Hobson's Bay and its immediate vicinity, the following
thirty-six only are, to my knowledge, foond in Port Jackson.
This number will, of coarse, be modified, but I consider it as
very remarkable between two localities only six hundred miles
apart: —
Lates Golonomm.*
Enoplosos armatos.
Arripis tmttacens.
Upeneichthys porosos.
Upenens Ylamingii
Melanichthys tricospidata.
simplex,
zonata.
Pagros nnicolor.
Chiysophrys Anstralis.
Chironemns marmoratos.
Cheilodactylns gibbosos.
Sebastes percoides.
Flatycephalns fnscns.
bassensis.
laevigatas.
Trigla polyommata.
Sillago macalata.
SphyrsBna Novaa-HollandisB.
NeosphyrsBna moltiradiata.
ScisBna Aqaila ?
* Kot found at Melbourne, but brougbt there tn great numben flrom tbe Gippsland
Lakes.
Scomber antarctiooB.
Zeas faber F
Seriols grandis.
Garans georgianos.
Temuodon Saltator.
Mngil grand is.
OlUtberops cyanomelas.
Anlopua pnrparisaatoB.
Hemirhampbas melanoohir.
Aagailla AustraliB.
Hippooampus triatia.
Phjllopteryi foliatna.
Uonacanthns Poronii.
prasiaue.
Tetrodon bispidns.
TuaHICHTETS ACSTRALIS'
Trachlchihyi Aiistralis, Shaw ; Nat. Miscal., pi. 376.
Scales, rongb ; tboBS of the lateral line not larger; the ser-
rated ventral keel compoaed of ten Bcales; the height of the
body contained once and foar-fiftbe in total length, witbont
the caudal fin ; upper profile, convex ; the fish almost round
nntil the end of the doraal and anal fins ; a very strong and
serrated spine on the scapular bone ; head contained twice and
three-fourths in the total length to the base of the caudal ; eye,
very large, contained a little over twice in the length of the head ;
scales, strongly ciliated ; a strong flat spine at the angle of the
opercle ; month, rather extensible ; teeth, villifonn, none on the
palate ; tower jaw longer than the nppei one ; the snout ia one-
third the length of the diamel«r of the orbit ; two bony ridges
ran from the orbit to the edge of the pneopercle ; this ia finely
denticn]af«d on its lower part ; the lateral line is elevated on !(s
posterior half; the upper dorsal is formed of four spines auil
twelve rays ; the first of these raya is simple ; the caudal is very
strongly forked ; the anal has two spines and ten raya — the first
of these equally simple ; the ventres have one spine and eiz rays,
the first of which is simple and serrated except at its extremity.
OF NBW SOUTH WALES. 365
Entirely of a reddish brown ; caudal black, with a broad white
border all round ; dorsal and anal dark, with the base and the
anterior part white; pectorals and ventrals reddish, with the
spine of the last white.
One single specimen seen on the 19th of September, 1877.
It is five and a half inches long.
Bebtx Affinis.
Beryv Ajffmis, Ghinther; Catal., vol. L, p. 13.
Cast ; Proceed. Linn. Soc. of N.S.W.,vol.II., p. 225.
This fish, known as the Na/negai, is more particularly foond in
the warm season, but it sometimes appears in May, July, and
August. It is at times very numerous; and by its splendid
pink colour attracts notice amongst the generally dark oolonred
fish exposed in the Australian markets.
MONOGENTBIS JaPOKICUS.
Monoceniris Jojponicus, Houttuyn ; Act. Harbm., XX., p. 329.
A fine specimen of this sort, preserved in liquor, and given by
M. Eitzhardinge, is in the Sydney Museum, and is said to have
been found at Port Jackson. No other specimen has ever been
seen ; and if this is really Australian, it must have been driven
from Japan by one of Nature's great convulsions, and even then
it coald not be considered as inhabiting the Australian coast.
1 only mention it here because Mr. GFerard Kreffb includes it
in his list of Australian fishes. (Industrial Progress of New
South Wales, 1871.)
Lates Colonobuh.
^iet Oohnorumy GKmther ; Ann. Nat. History,! 868, vol XI., p. 114.
Cast. ; Proceed. Zool. Soc. Victor, vol. I., p. 48.
Called in Sydney Perch ; is found in great quantities in the
swamps near Newcastle; is commonly brought to the Sydney
market in Jane and July. It is also found in the Gippsland
lakes.
Sbbkanus Damelii.
^errcmns DcmieUi ; Gkinther's Ann. and Magas. Nat. Hist., vol.
XVII., p. 891 ; 4th Series, 1876.
Black Bock Ood,
Bntirely of a purplish black ; generally a black spot on the
I THB LINtTBAir aociETT
base of the tail at the end of the soft dorsal ; extremity of the
caudal black, with a white fringe. In some Bpecimens, when
fresh, there are faint traces of blue spota ; body, elong'ate ; its
height about three times in the total length, without the caadal ;
head oontained twice and a half in the same ; canine teeth, very
strong ; preopercte, very finely serrated behind ; the central
spine of the opercle strong ; body sonlea very small ; doraal
formed of eleven apinea — the two first lower than the third, the
others becoming rather shorter as they extend backwards ; the
soft part rather higher than the spines, of fourteen rays ; caudal
rounded ; anal with three spioes, of which the first is shorter,
and the others almost equal.
This sort attains two feet in length, and is esteemed for the
table.
SeRRANTIS tNDDLATO-STRlATtrS.
Sorranus undulato-gtriatm. Paters, Monateber, Ak. Wiss, Berlin
1866, p. 518.
Body compressed, high, with the head rather pointed ; the
greatest height of the body contained twice and a half in the
total length without the caudal fiu ; head contained less than
twice and a half in the same ; body covei^d with moderate
scales ; those on the clioekn and opercteB much smaller ; the
prMopercle finely denticulated on its posterior edge, with two or
three ranch larger spines at the angles ; dorsal fin with eleven
spines and fifteen rays ; the third apine is the longest ; caudal
rounded ; anal with three spines and seven rays ; the second
spine the strongest. Entirely of a very light oreamy brown ; all
over the body nnmerous, rather narrow, more or less obliqne
stripes of a reddish browa ; soft dorsal and anal, and also th»
caudal fin bordered with very bright yellow ; the other part oF'
the fins rather dark ; pectorals yellow.
The specimen is eleven inches long.
Neoahthiab.
Seven branch) ostegals ; teeth villiform, without canines in
either jaw, hut with an outer line of larger ones in front ; taetfc
on the palatine bones and on the tongue ; one dorsal fin with ten
spines ; anal fin with three ; opercule with two fiat spines ; pr»o-
OP NXW SOUTH WALKS. 367
perdo finely and eqnally serrated, bat no spines on the lower
limbs ; scales large; no deDticalations on the prsBorbital; some of
the pectoral rays elongate.
Neoanthias Gunthebi.
Body oval, compressed ; its height contained about twice and
three-quarters in the total length, without the caudal fin, or
nearly three times including this ; head, three times and one-
third in the same length ; eye large, contained about four times
and-a-half in the length of the head ; this is entirely covered
with scales much smaller than those of the body ; the lower jaw
rather longer than the upper ; when the mouth is closed, the
maxillary reaches the centre of the orbit ; the scales of the
anterior part of the back similar ; lateral line continuous, but not
extending on the caudal fin; about seventy-five scales on the
lateral line; dorsal with ten very strong spines, of which the
first is the shortest and the fifth the longest ; the soft part is
equal in height to the other, and formed of twenty-one rays ; the
caudal is large, strongly emarginated with two rather elongated
and pointed lobes, which are equal to about one-half the length
of the fin ; anal with three strong spines, of which the first is
rather short and the two others nearly equal and more than twice
aa long; and only twice and two-thirds in the total length without
^e caudal; the soft part has eight rays; ventrals, large; pectorals
Very large, scaly at the base, of nineteen rays, of which the 8th,
^th, 10th, 11th, and 12th are nearly simple, being only divided
o^er their extremity ; these are much longer than the others, and
"^^e eleventh is remarkably so, and extends considerably further
'^lian its membranes ; this pectoral fin reaches to the vertical from
t«Iie origin of the anal ; its length is equal to the height of the
\)ody ; the teeth are very numerous, particularly disposed in two
l^xmohes in fi?ont ; there is an external line of rather larger ones,
V>nt no true canines ; on the lower jaw, there are on each side, in
&ont, three or four larger ones, conical and directed forwards ;
the palatine teeth form three large patches ; the opercle has
a very strong upper spine, and a much weaker lower one ; this is
flat and is denticulated on its edge.
The colour is of the most magnificent pink, with numerous
irregular and very little de&ned yellotv stripes, ranning obliquely
on the back; an obliqne atripe of that colour on the opercle, below
the eye, and others on the froat of the head ; oo the back part of
the back there are dark tranaverBe lines, very irregular and not
dehoed ; the dorsal ie of a beaatifol yellow, with the rays pink ; a
large black blotch covers the two anterior thirds of the aoft part,
which is edged with pink ; the caudal is yellow ; the anal is
pink, with each membrane having two or three rounded spjte of
a fine yellow ; ventrala and pectorals yellow, with the rays pink ;
the luembranes of the fina are covered with small scales nearly
the entire length. It most be very near to Anthias hnffimamtt
of Gunther, bat some of the proportions are different. The
present fish seems to be more elongate ; the lobes of the candal
and the pectornls shorter ; the scales less numerona.
This beautiful 6sh was caught on the 19th of July, 1878, and
is a little over eighteen inches long.
Plectkopoma skrkatuu.
Pleetropoma gerratum ; Cuv. VaL, vol. I., p. S99.
Qaoy aadGaim; Astrolabe Fish. pi. 2, p. 1.
Body very high, short ; its height twice aod-a-half in tLe total
length, without the caudal fin, or twice and foor-Gfths with
f he latter ; the head is more thin one-third of the total length ;
the eye is contained five and-a-half times in the head ;
there is a series of veiy la^e onter teeth, bnt no real canines ;
praeoperda with strong teeth behind, becoming still etrooger at
the angle, with two very strong spines on the lower edge ; these
are about equal ; the opercle has three spines ; the first dorsal
has thirteen strong spines — the 3rd, 4th, 5tb, and l5th are the
longest ; the soft part has fifteen rays, and is as high as the
longest part of the spiny portioD ; caudal fin, ronnded ; the ft"*1
has three spines, the central one the longest, and eight rays.
The fish is entirely of an olive yellowish green, covered with
small roQuJevi blae spots each covering four scales ; the fina
similarly spotted, with the exception of the ventrals and pectorals,
which are dark grwn ; Itjutrth. thirteen inches.
I have very little i.ioabt that this is the sort described by
OF FEW SOUTH WiXBS. 369
Cnvier from King George's Sound. It oomes very near to
cyanostigma, bat the body seems to be much shorter and higher,
and the opercnlar teeth different. By its colouration, it resembles
also Plectropoma maculatum^ Bloch ; very handsomely figured by
Dr. Gunther in the Jour. Mus. Godeffroy, but differs equally by
its high body, the form of the caudal, <&c.
Plectropoma annulatttm.
Plectropoma cmmdatum ; Gunther's Catal., vol. L, p. 158.
Body short ; prsBopercle serrated behind ; having a flat ser-
rated spine at the angle and two small ones below ; opercle
serrated below, with two strong spines near its angle ; caudal fin
rounded ; dorsal, with its two portions so deeply divided as to
ahnost have the appearance of two fins ; it is formed of ten
spines, of which the fourth and fifth are the longest, and of
eighteen rays ; the anal has three spines and seven rays.
The general colour is of a handsome light brown, with six
broad transverse black bands, of which two are placed on the tail ;
there is a longitudinal black stripe in front of the head, and
three others on the upper part of the head, running obliquely —
two from the back to the eye, and one on the opercle ; those of
the back extend on the dorsal fin.
The dorsal and caudal are of the colour of the body, and the
other fins are of a beautiful crimson. The specimen is a little
under nine inches long.
This sort is nearly allied but very distinct, from Plectropoma
nigrO'Tubrum of the Western Coast, which it seems to represent on
the Eastern one. Dr. Gunther has very well described this fish,
bat did not know its habitat.
Pbiacanthus macbacanthus.
Priaca/rUh/us macracanthis ; Guv. Yal., vol. III., p. 108.
Ble^keri, Cast; Proceed. Zool. Soa Victoria, vol.
II., p. 100.
The height of the body is contained three times and-a-half in
the total length, without the caudal fin ; head three times and
one-third in the same ; diameter of the eye more than one-third
the length of the head ; the angle of the prsBopercle having a
370 THE PBOCBEDINGa 07 THE EINNEAN aOCTBTT
Teiy long flat Berrated epine ; operole rather feebly emarginatfld ;
caudal fia etrongly emarginata ; the spines of the fma slender,
with a striated surface ; ventrals large, nearly as long as the
head (upper jaw); the third spine of the anal the longest; moatH
eitensible.
Of a light silvery grey, washed with pint ; head of the last
colour ; belly, silvery ; fins of a reddish pink ; the back part of
the dorsal, the anal, and ventrals having two ronnded dark spots
on each membrane ; the ventrals red ; the end of the caudal
rather dark.
Obtained several times in May at Fort Jackson. Le^igtb of
Bpecimens eight to twelve inches.
AfOOOS FABCIiTDS,
Mulhu fasNatus, White ; Voy. N.S. Wales, p. 268, f. 1.
Thia pretty little fiah appears sometimes in the Sydnej
market, principally in March. It has seven spines in its first
dorsal, but the first ia so short a3 to be eafiily overlooked ; the
third spine ia the longest ; the height of the body is contained
three times in the total length of the fish ; the eye ia less than
three times in the length of the head.
The colour ia of a liandsonio light lilac, with three longitudinni
black brown streaks — one at the base of the dorsal, and the
others on the sides of the body ; below this, there is another
very faint ooe ; the lower parts of the body are reddish, and the
fins are scarlet, with a blai;k stripe at the base of the second dorsal
and at the anal ; on the caudal, the central black band extends
on all ite length ; and its edges and extremities are also black.
This is certainly the Mullus faseiatus of White ; but it ia
doubtful if the difierent synonymes quoted by Dr. Qunther do
apply to the same sort ; novem fasciatuB, and other Indian
species seem to me to be difierent; otherwise. Dr. Ounther's
figures (MuB. Godefiroy, pi. 20, fig. A. and B.) would be very
incorrect. The Anstraliaa fish has the body higher, the eye a
great deal larger, the snout more advanced, the openiag of the
mouth more obliquo, and the colours very difierent.
OF NEW SOUTH WALKS. 371
AOENOR.
Teeth viUiform on both jaws with a series of sharp conical
pointed teeth on the vomer and palatines ; no molars ; cheeks
and opercles scaly; vertical fins in great part covered with
scales ; dorsal fin not notched ; of ten spines ; scales rather
small, body high, compressed.
This new genns belongs to the Fristipomatidce,
AOENOR HODESTUS.
The height of the body is contained once and three-fonrths in
the total length, without the caudal fin ; the head is three times
and-a-half in the same ; and the diameter of the eye twice and
one-fourth in the length of the head ; the snout is not more
than one-half the diameter of the eye ; the lower jaw is a little
longer than the upper one ; the maxillary extends to the per-
pendicular fix)m the anterior quarter of the eye ; the prsaorbital
is finely serrated ; the head is entirely covered with scales except
on the snout ; the prsaopercle is finely serrated ; there is a feeble
spine on the opercle ; lateral line continued on the base of the
caudal fin ; the first dorsal spine is very small, the others gra-
dually increasing in length, the soft portion in a scaly sheath,
formed of twenty-six rays ; the caudal long, bifid, not complete
in my specimen ; the anal with three spines and twenty-six rays ;
the ventrals placed very near one another; the body very
compressed.
The fish is of a dark silvery colour, with the upper parts nearly
hlack ; the fins dark ; the pectorals rather yellow.
The specimen is nearly four inches long.
IJPBNEICHTHYS POBOSUS.
ITpeneiehthys porostis ; Cuv. Val., vol. III., p. 456.
Also found at Melbourne ; known at Sydney under the name
of Pinkcheek.
Entirely of a fine flesh orange colour ; streaks on the sides of
the head, orange ; a longitudinal dark stripe on the sides follow-
ing the line of the back ; end of the barbels and pectorals of a
fine sulphur colour.
Not common ; February and May.
sra
THB PBOCSBDIKSB 0
THH UHITUK BOOIBTT
UpBNOIDEB VxdlHINaiL
UpenoiJ.es Vlaviingiii Cuv. Val,, vol. III., pi. 71.
Already observed at Melbonme, Thia Bort seema to be subject
to mAiob. variety in coloar.
The Bpecimena eeen at Sydney were of a dark brown or
aoarlet on the back ; each, body scale had a small round spot of a
fine light blue ; some lines of this last colour extend in an
oblique way from the eye to the mouth ; sides of the head and of
the body of a beautiful crimson colour ; dorsal and oandal finB,
brown, Bpotted with blue ; pectorals translucent; ventrais and
anal of a dark crimson rod.
Tolerably abundant, partlcnlarly in May.
Lbthkimus gltphodok.
LelhfWMs glyphodon ? Gunther ; Cat. Vol. I, p. 462.
The body is convex, high, contained three times in the total
length of the fiah ; the head a little over three times and a-half
in tho same ; the snout elongate and pointed ; the diameter of
the eye is contained twice in the length of the snout. The upper
maxillary reaches to the vertical from the posterior nostril ; molar
teeth OB tho posterior part of the jaws ; the oauine ones of
moderate size; the fifth doraal spine ia the longest, the others gra-
dually decrease ; some of tho dorsal spines are alternately rather
thicker than the others. The pectorals long, extending to the
base of the anal. Candal fin very strongly emarginate.
Of a dull olive colour, with very indistinct lighter spots on a
part of the scales ; cheeks and opercles yellow ; dorsal fin with
indistinct dark spots ; others forming two transverse lines on the
caudal.
The specimen is about thirteen ii
same as glyphodon, described from t
Louisiade Archipelago by Macgilliv
Pageds unicolor.
Fagrus unicolor, Qnoy. & Gaim ; tJranie, p. 299.
The Schnapper is very common at Sydney, bat the specimens
are generally small. At Melbourne, the very large old males have
alone the curious frontal protuberance that give such an eitraordi-
inches long. I believe it is the
specimens brought from the
ivray.
OP NBW SOUTH WALB8. 373
nary appearance to some of the specimens ; bnt at Sydney, I
have often seen very young males having to a less degree the
same formation.
Chbtsophrys Australis.
Ghrysophrys Atistralis ; Gonther's GataL, vol. I., p. 494.
The common Bream always to be seen in the Sydney market.
Ghbtsophbts Sasba.
OJvrysophrys Sarha; Forsk, p. 31.
Guv. VaL, vol. VI., p. 102.
Black Breamy at Sydney ; body very high ; contained rather
over twice in total length, without the caudal fin ; head a little
over three times in the same ; pectorals very long ; dorsal with
eleven spines — the fourth the longest, and eleven rays ; caudal
very forked ; anal with three spines and eight rays ; the first of
these spines short, the second very strong and very long, the
third shorter.
Of a beautiful gilt colour, with the operculum dark, almost
purple ; the fins hyaline, with the rays yellow ; the dorsal
edged with black ; the caudal having its external half black ; the
anterior part of the head dark.
From twelve to eighteen iuches long. The teeth are strong,
conical, rather arched ; the molars in four series above and in
three below.
Aphabeus boseus.
Body oblong; its height equal to the length of the head, and
contained three times and a half in the total length, without the
caudal fin; fin rays feeble; dorsal with ten spines and eleven rays;
the fourth and fifth being the longest, and the others become rather
shorter as they extend backwards ; caudal much forked ; anal,
with three feeble spines, the first the shortest, and the third the
longest, and eight rays, the last ray of the dorsal and of the anal
at least twice as long as the preceding ; body scales large ; the
prseopercle covered with oblique striea, and finely serrated on its
edge ; the opercles scaly ; pectorals and ventrals long ; the first
nearly of the length of the head. Golour of a beautiful soft pink ;
the lower parts of a silvery white ; general form of Dentex ; there
are sixty-four scales on the lateral line.
371 THE PBOCBKI'IKOS OF 1
I httvo only seen one apocimeu of this beaatifnl fiab. It waa
caught on the 20th of March, 1878. It measures nearly two feet iii
length. The auterior part of the head seema to have been injuri;d
at a previous part of ita life, probably by the bite of some other
Gsh, us the Buout seems to be abnormally short.
If it bad not been for the very good figure given by Cuvier and
Valencionnos of a species of this genua (furcatua, pi, IC?), I
should not hove been able to find it out in the system, as the
characters of the genns given by Dr. Gnnther are very defective.
He aaya, " PrsBoperculum entire, scales rather small." Cuvier,
on the other hand, figures and describes the strong atrioe of the
pneopercle, which in some sorts become a striated edge ; but
having only seen one specimen, I cannot say if thia character is
permanent. This sort seems to me to be the one that Dr.
Blecker thbks (Amboyna, p. 52) to belong to rutilans of Cuvier,
but it is very different, by the namber of its spines and raja.
It would thus be an inhabitant of the Molluccas, and would
visit the east coast of Australia during the warm mouths of the
year.
In the journal, Mns. Godefi. Pishes No. 111, p. 1 6j Dr. Gunther
places Aphareug ccendeteeus nnder tbe name of fwrcatm, Lacep-
in,p.421,andi77, fig. 1.
In thftt work he places thia genus between Aprion and I'ria-
cimthui. In the catalogue he had placed it in the Prlstipomalidie,
and Gavier places it in an appendix to the SparoidcB.
APLODAOTYLUa OBSCCRCB.
On each jaw two lines of tricuspid teeth ; some of these
teeth are single pointed, but serrated on their sides ; the
cheeks and opercles are covered with small scales ; the
head is high ; rounded in front ; depressed behind the
eyes ; the back rather gibbous in front ; pectorals with seven
fiimple rays, of which tbe seventh, or the uppermost, is the
longest; it projects only very little beyond its membrane.
The dorsal has seventeen spines, the fifth and sixth of which are
the longest ; the soft ]iart of the fin is formed of nineteen rays,
nearly three times as long as the last spine; the caudal is forked ;
OF VIW SOUTH WALES. 375
the anal has three spines and six rays ; the body scales are rather
large ; along the base of the spinous dorsal there is a sheath
covered with very minute scales ; the colour is nearly black ; the
dorsal, caudal, and anal fins are variegated with grey ; the largest
specimen is thirt^n inches in length ; the other about nine ;
only seen twice in the Sydney market in September. The form
of the teeth obliges me to put this fish in the genus AplocUictyluSf
but it evidently comes very near OMronemus, and I certainly
think that^ on account of the simple lower rays of the pectorsJs,
oaght to be placed in the same family ; the number of the
simple rays (seven) does not allow me to unite this fish with
tbe species wrcHdens or lophodon.
Atypichthts stbioatus.
Atyjpus strigahu, Gnnth. Gatal., vol. II, p. 64
This fish looks very much like some species of Chatodon,
but the body is of a longer oval ; it is silvery white, with five
very broad longitudinal brown stripes on the sides, and on the
sides of the head ; fins of a bright yellow ; it does not attain
more than ^ve or six inches in length ; very common at Port
Jackson, and usually used as bait by the fishermen.
Nbocretodon vittatus.
^^ochatodonviUaUiUf Cast., Proceed. Zool. Soc. of Victoria, voL II.,
page 130.
Specimens entirely similar to the one from Swan River are
caught at Port Jackson ; it resembles very much Cuvier's figure
of Ohoetodon strigahu, and I should have united it with it if it
had not been for the opercule, which is strongly emarginated on
'^ upper part, forming thus two points.
The specimens are usually five inches long ; when fresh, they
are of a silvery-white, with five or six broad brown longitudinal
sliripeB on the sides ; the lower ones being oblique ; the base of
&e caudal is of the same colour ; the stripes extend on the
head, and two of them follow the forehead ; there is also one in
front of the eye.
Found in the warm season.
SCitOTHiCCB lfUI.TIF*SCI*TC3.
I have obtained, at Sydney, a rery pretty variety of this species.
It is & very large ipecimen, meaanriiig sisteen lachea in length ;
of a beautiful light grey colour, with the tvrelre transverse bands,
of a fine black, and all of equal length and breadth ; the candal
is rather rounded.
Tn some specimens, a psrt of tbe transverBe bands disappear.
I have one in which five alone are visible. I believe this to be
0/ueludon tetracanlhitt of Laeepede. In that case, the sort wonld
have to bear tbe last specific name. In my paper on the fishes
of the Norman River, I mention that specimens from that part
Hoom different from the ordinary vtuW/iueialne, and I proposed to
call tliem (Utemans (_AUerma7is by misprint).
SCOBPIa ^QCIPIKSIS.
Scorpio aquipinnU, Richard; Ereb. and Terror, Fishes, p. 121.
Height, twice and-a-half in the total length of tbe fish ; head,
four times in the same ; body very compressed, covered with
rulhor amall scales ; dorsal with ton low spines and twenty-seven
niya ; anal with throe spines, and also twenty-seven rays ; the
KpinfiN inort^nse in length backwards ; the rays of the dorsal and
nnal decrciuiK in height as they extend backwards, and none of
( Item arc elevated.
1'ho colour is of a dark brown, rather lighter towards the
U^IIy ; the upper and lower edges of the caadal are black.
Length over one foot
CHEILODiCTTLCS FUSCDS.
t^ix simple rays in tbe pectorals ; the npper one aot mnoh
limp>r than the branched ones ; the following very long, its
iViH- |>art l>cing very nearly one-half of its length, the others
lic'wmc Rradually shorter; dorsal scarcely notched; the spiny
l«iff formed of seventoen spines, of which the first is rather
^^l,^^l anil llio tiwrlli llie longest; tins fin is inserted nearly on
1 111- jXTpf nilioiilar frvim llio iKisterior edge of the orbit ; the back
IV i-iliUin>; I hero is .111 eminence on the anterior edge of the
.mIiiI . ilii' o.iu.ial IS slrinigly cmarginate ; the anal has three
rnilorm hrowu ; one foot long.
OF NSW SOUTH WALES. 377
Gheilodacttlus annularis.
Six simple pectoral rajs ; the nppermosfc of wbicb extends to
the base of the third anal spine ; body compressed, high ; the
anterior profile of the head presents an angle in front of the
centre of the eye ; back gibbons ; dorsal fin nearly eqnal in all
its length, and not sensibly notehed ; the spinous part formed of
seyenteen spines, of which the foorth is the longest ; the soft
portion rather higher than the last spines, of thirty-two rays ;
caudal strongly forked ; anal with three spines — the first short
and the third rather longer than the second ; the soft part is
formed of nine rays.
Entirely of a lilac brown, with a white streak behind the eye,
and two white rings round the tail ; the fins are dark with the
exception of the pectorals, which are of a light colour ; the long
ray being white.
This unique specimen is about nine inches long, and was taken
in February.
Zeodbius.
The six lower pectoral rays are simple ; dorsal with thirteen
long spines, and one or more short ones in front ; several lines
of small acute teeth on both jaws, others pavement like,
covering the palate ; the opercles entire ; scales rather large ;
general form, high in front, tapering towards the extremity
caudal strongly forked ; lateral line, entire ; like Eques of the
SdoemdoB, This new genus of OirrhitidcB comes near Ghvronemus.
Zeodbius vestitus.
Mouth small and rather advanced ; upper profile convex over
the eye, and very high and gibbous behind it ; the highest part
of the fish being over the angle of the opercule ; in this part,
the height of the body is only contained twice and-a-half in the
length, without the caudal fin ; the head is three times and-a-
half in the same length ; the diameter of the eye is three times
and-a-half in the length of the head ; sides of the head scaly .
the dorsal fin is formed of one short spine, one very long one,
the five following gradually decreasing, the rest equal ; the soft
part formed of thirty-four rays ; the caudal long, very strongly
iVL*.
378 THR PBOCBBDIKOB OF THB LIllWBiN SOCIBTT
forked ; tho anal very short, with three spines, of which the
middle one ia the longest, and seven rajs, the two first of which
are longer than the others ; ventrais inserted below the ninth spine
of the dorsal ; pectorals large, placed at the two inferior thirds of
the height ; tho fifth ray longer than the others, tho fourth nearly
equal ; all the eimple rays mach longer than the membranes that
onite them.
Of a rather dirty silvery white ; a broad dark brown stripe
beginning below the fourth dorsal spine, and running along tho
back, and covericg the lower Jobo of the caudal fin ; a similar
transverse oblique band runs from the anterior part of the dorsal
to the belly -, another is ia front of this and runs behind tho
pectoral ; a still more oblique band crosses the eye and extends
on the cheeks ; and a last runs round the month ; the fins are of
a brilliant yellow ; the anterior part of the ventrala and the
membranes, between the third to the eighth dorsal spines,
brown.
Tho specimen is eight inches long, and was caught at the end
of June.
Tho Okeilodadylus vestHus (Garrett, Proceed, Calif. Acad.
1863) so handsomely figured by Dr. Gnnther (Mus. GodeSroy,
pi. 41) must alao bo placed in tins genus. It ia very similar in
form and in the disposition of colours to the Australian sort, but
five rays of its pectorals are much shorter, and it has four small
spines in front of the long dorsal one. It comes from the Saod-
wich Islands.
ScOHPSfTA CABTISALla.
Scorpcena carcUnaUs, Rich. ; Ann. A. Mag. Nat. H., 1842, p. 212.
Principally distinguished from cruenta by the entire or nearly
entire absence of the black blotch of tho first dorsal.
Also called Rock Cod at Sydney.
Generally of a beautiful scarlet colour ; sometimes brown on
the back.
SCOKPdNA CBOESTA.
Scorpcena cruenta, Solander; Eichards Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
1842, p. 217.
militaria ; Voy. Erob. and Terror, Fishes, p. 21, pi. 14,
fig. 1-2.
OF KEW SOUTH WALKS. 379
Of a beaatifal scarlet colour — sometiines marbled with grey ;
belly whitish ; sides having rounded dark blotches ; the fins are
of a reddish pink, variegated with white ; fche first dorsal has a
large black blotch covering nearly the upper half of its posterior
part ; there are a few black spots on the soft dorsal ; they are
transversely marbled with white and red ; the ventrals are pink ;
the pectorals beautifully marbled with pink, white, and brown.
It is called Red Bock Cod at Sydney ; is not scarce, and ia
very much esteemed for the table.
Sebastes pbrgoides.
Sebastes percoides, Rich. ; Ereb. and Terror, Fishes, p. 23, pi. 15'
This beautiful fish is of a fine orango scarlet, with the lower
parts of the first of these colours, with three or four very broad
brown transverse bands on the body.
According to Dr. Ounther (Ann. and Mag. of Nat. EList., 1876,
p. 392) my Sebastes Alporti would be the same as this species.
This may be the case, but the proportions appear to be very dif-
ferent.
PliArTGEPHALnS FUSCUS.
Platyc&phahis fusGus ; Cuv. Val. vol. IV., p. 34
Spines of the head feeble ; the two at the angle of the praao-
percle strong, and nearly equal ; body nearly black ; below
wlute ; dorsal hyaline, with the spines and rays spotted with
i^wn; caudal with its upper part spotted and the lower
^nre ; a large black rounded spot on the end of the caudal, at
i^bont one-third of its height ; anal white ; ventrals and pectorals
yellow, finely spotted with green.
This is the common Flat Read of the Sydney Market ; par-
ticularly common in winter.
Platyoephalus Bassensis.
Platycephalus Bassensis ; Cuv. Val. voL IV,, p. 247.
TasrruLniamAM, Rich.; Ereb. and Terror, p. 23,
pi. 18.
Called at Sydney the Bed Flat Head, It does not appear very
commonly ; at Melbourne it is perhaps the most common fish in
ihe market.
d80 THB PBOCEBDIMGS OP 1
Tmotj. Kdmd.
Tri.gla Kwnii ; Leaaon and Gramot Voyage Coqoille Poiaa., p!. 19.
Of a lilao grey, without ppots ; lower parts of a eilvery-white ;
fina pink ; pectorals entirely of a blackish green, with a large
black blotch spotted with white ; each of these spots is snr-
roanded by a eirele of a fine bright bine.
Only one Bpecimen seen on the srth of October, 1877. It ia
said to be common on the New Zenland Coast.
SiLLAOO UACITLATA.
Sillago maaulaia.; Qnoy. and Gaim., Exped. Frcycinet Zool.,
pi 5^, p. 2.
Back of a greenish oli^fe, with very feeble dark transverse
spots or bands ; a narrow longitudinal white streak on each side ;
belly silvery ; head of a greenish golden colonr ; the first dorsal
with small obscure specks, and the second with regular longi-
tadinal lines of spots similar to the others ; a black spot at the
base of the pectorals ; fins of a greenish yellow ; the end of the
caudal obscure ; ventrals yellow.
Very common in tlie Sydney market, and known as the
WhUini}. Only fbnnd accidentally and veiy rarely in the Mel-
boome Sea,
SiLLiOo Bassensis.
Sillago Jiassemis; Gunther's CataL, vol, IH,, p. 412.
Terree-Begina, Cast.; Proceed. Linn. Soa N.S.W,, vol.
IL p. 232.
Called at Sydney Trumfeier Wkitini/. Of a beantifnl light
silvery blue on the back ; silvery white on the belly, with a rather
broad white stripe on each side of the body ; head white, with a
silvery tinge ; opercles very finely dotted with black ; the two
dorsals of a light yellow, with very small black spots ; the caudal
olive yellow, with its extremity obscure ; pectorals transparent .
ventrals of an orantre yellow ; a black spot at the base of the
[lectorals. When taken, is said to produce a singular noise.
Very common abo at Brisbane, where it is the common whiting.
Seems, accordiug: to Ciivier, to have also been found at
Westtru Port by D'Urville's Expedition.
^
OF NXW SOUTH WALB8. 881
The species of StUago are very nearly allied one to the other. I
think the Australian can be characterised in the following way: —
Body covered with obscure dots punctata.
Body not punctated : —
a. Dark spots on the back maeukUa,
b. No spots ; a longitudinal band ) Bassensis, Cuv. Val. ; ciliata,
on the sides ) Gunth. ; Terroe-Regincef Cast.
e. No spots ; no longitudinal bands on the sides. . . ciliata. Cut. Cast.
fnmctala is the common sort of Melbourne ; dliatay on the
Eastern and Western Coasts of Australia and in the New Cale-
donia Sea ; Bassensis, on the Eastern Shores of Australia, as also
maculata.
SCICENA AQUILA?
Scicena aqmla ? Lacep, vol. V., p. 685.
cmtarcUca, Cast.; Proceed. Zool. SocVict, Vol. I., p. 100.
I am not certain that this is the same as aquila, but it is
said to be so ; at Melbourne it is called the " King-fish," and it
is so scarce that during many years I only saw two specimens,
both of enormous size, weighing about eighty pounds ; at Bris-
bane it is called " Dew-fish, and at Sydney " Jew-fish." It is
very common in both these places, but the specimens are
generally small, and I never saw a fall adult. If this is really
aquila it is to be found in the Mediterranean, and is also very
abxmdant at the Cape of Gk)od Hope.
SPHYRiENA NOViE HOLLANDIiE.
Sphyroma novce HoUcmdicB, Gunth, Oaty Vol. IL^p. 339.
This Pike appears rather frequently in the Sydney market ;
bnt all that I have seen were small, compared with those of
Melbourne.
Elacate mORA.
Scomber nigra, Block,, pi, 337.
Oenironotus Gard&nii Lacep., Vol, III,, p, 357.
Elacate Pondiceriana Ov/v. Vah, Vol, VIIL, p, 329.
„ nigraj Ornith, Oat, Vol, 11. , p, 375.
Eight spines before the dorsal ; this is long, high in front,
getting lower towards the tail, and occupies more than the
posterior half of the body ; anal having the same form, and
beginning rather behind the dorsal ; head depressed, caudal
forked, forming two equal pointed lobes.
Ooneral color, of a dark brownish grey, the lower parts of a
dirty white, a badly defined white stripe oa each side of the
I believe this fish to be very scarce at Sydney, as it was
unknown to the fishmongera.
The lerg'tli of tho above described specimen is two feet ten
inches ; it was canght on the 20th Pebmary, 1878.
By the form of its caudal it BOGms to differ from the Indian
species, bat this may be owing to its old age.
Echeneis naucratee, Lmn. Syel. Nat., Pol. I, p. 441.
This curious fiah is fomnd in nearly ail tho warm seas of tbe
world ; I saw it at Sydney in the month of April.
The color is nearly black, tinged with slatey-grey, tbe lower
pai^B being of a dirty white.
Adxia BiusATi.
Height of the body four and a half times in total length with-
out the. caudal fin ; head, three and two-thirds in the same ; the
pectorals reach nearly to tho end of the base of the dovaal, dx
flnlets behind the second doraal, and the same number behind the
iinal ; first dorsal with nine spines, second with tho same number
of rays, anal with sixteen rays, the last elongated, and more than
half aa long as the third, which ia the longest
Scales, similar to those which form tbe corselet, but much
smaller, extend along tbe lateral line to the vertical from the
fifth dorsal finlet, forming a broad stripe ; lateral line undulated.
The general colour ia dark lead, the back is black with
numerous oblique bands of the same colour, extending to below the
lateral line as in Pelamys Sarda ; no trace of wavy black streaks;
the fins are whitiah, with the anterior part of the first dorsal, and
tho middle of the caudal obscure, the inner side of the pectorals
black,
On the 6th April, 1B78, numerous specimens of this species
appeared in the Sydney market, the fishmongers call them horse
mackerel; it is said to be a good fish for the table. I have dedi-
ciited this species to the learued Curator of the Sydney Museum.
OF NBW SOUTH WALB8. 383'
Tbachurus DECJLIVIS
Oa/ranx declivis. Jenn/ns, Zool. " Beagle" Fishes, p, 68, ph 14.
Trachurus TrachuruSy Qunther Gat, Vol. IL, p, 420.
Dr. Gnntber considers this fish the same as the European
species ; my reason for keeping it distinct is that it is always
much smaller in Australia, and remarkable for the bright yellow
colonr of its caudal fin ; the body plates number seventy-nine or
eighty.
It is a very common species in Port Jackson, particularly near
the Heads.
Trachynotus ovatus.
Gasterosteus cvaiAis. Linn, Syst, Nat Vol. L, p, 490.
Trachynotus ovatus, Gunth, Gat, Voh II,,p, 481.
Height of body contained twice and one-third in total length,
without the caudal ; the maxillary reaches to the anterior third
of the eye ; the lateral line is almost straight ; the anterior parts
of the dorsal and anal very much elongated, the first formed of
one spine and twenty-three rays, the second of one spine and
twenty-two rays, the short spines in front of the dorsal are six in
number without the horizontal one, or seven in all, the caudal is
very forked ; the ventrals are small.
The back is of a silvery-grey with the sides and belly of a fine
white, on the back are six faint transverse bands of a greyish
purple, fins of a dark slatey colour, with the pectorals, ventrals,
and inner side of the caudal white.
Only seen twice in May and once in August, the specimens
were about a foot long.
N.B.— On the two larger specimens there were four or five
obscuro rounded blotches over the lateral line.
Blephabis giliabis.
Zevs dUa/ris, Bhch,, Vol, VI,, p, 29, pi, 191.
Blepha/ris mdicus, Guv, and Vol,, Vol, IX,, p, 164.
Found also in the Bed, and all over the Indian Seas.
Of a silvery white ; back of a fine light blue ; base of dorsal
and ventrals black ; the long filaments of the dorsal and anal
white at the base, and black on the rest of their length.
384 THE pnocEBmiJos of tbe liriii!an socibty
Daring Hfo there is no trace of the transverse banda, which
appear after death in most cases.
PEMPHERia C0UF&ES3US.
Bparui eampretaus, W7dte Joum. Voy. N. 3. Wales, app.,p. 267.
Pempheris compressm, Gunth. Cat., Vol. TI., p. 508.
The height of the body is contained twice and a half in the
total length, without the caudal fin, the upper lobe of the caudal
is much longer than the lower ; of a rosy brown, with the lateral
line of a bright golden yellow, the anterior edge of the dorsal,
and the greater part of the anal and ventrals black.
Not very acarce at Sydney, and also found, according to
Dr. Qnnthcr, at Swan River.
ElEOTEIS AlISTRiLIS.
Eleotris Australu Gwnlh., F.Z.S. 1864, p, 183,
Mr. Duhonlay has given me Bevera! specimenH of an Eleotrit,
which belongs without doubt to the species I refer it to.
The colour is of an orange-yellow, with sis longitudinal hlack
stripes on the sides ; the two most central are generally united
by tranBveree lines, making the yellow part to appear like
rounded spots ; the second dorsal and caudal, pinkish, spotted
with brown ; a deep groove on the upper part of the back.
The longest specimen is about four inches.
From Ropes' Creek, also from the immediate vicinity of
Sydney.
Blehniub nsicoBHia.
Height of body five times in the total length withont the
caudal, or six times with it ; body elongate, head obliquely
truncated in front, without tentacles ; an arched fleshy horn
directed upwards on the forehead ; the dorsal beginning over the
end of the oporcle ; the last raya extending slightly over the
flandal fin which is rounded.
Of an olive colour with the belly and pectorals yellow, cheeks
and upper part of the head black, a series of transverse black
spots on the anterior half of tho body ; on tbe posterior part they
form five irregular longitudinal lines.
This little flub, which is about twn inches long, enters the
OF NBW SOUTH WALES. 386
ojsters about Sydney and destroys them. I am indebted for this
information to Mr. Jonbert, who found several in oysters, the
animals of which had been more or less eaten.
Ceisticeps Macleati.
Body rather elongate, its greatest height being contained three
times and one third in the total length without the caadal fin ; head
four times in the same ; forehead obliqae and straight, the lower
jaw rather longer than the upper ; snout a little longer than the
eye, a fringed tentacle on the nostrils and another over the orbit ;
the first dorsal two-thirds of the height of the body, it is placed
over the posterior third of the eye ; second dorsal formed of
thirty-four rays or spines ; the caudal long and pointed ; the anal
with twenty-five rays ; the pectorals are of moderate length ; the
second dorsal is placed farther backwards on the tail than the
anal, but both are attached to it by a membrane.
The fish is entirely of a reddish-brown, with the fins orange.
The only specimen I have seen is 7 inches long, and in the
collection of Mr. Wm. Macleay, who communicated it to me under
the name of Ausi/ralis^ but that species is described by Guvier
and Valenciennes as having transverse bands, and as inhabiting
Tasmania, and I believe it is the one I described under the name
o£ HotvitHi; Proceed. Zool. Soc. Victoria, Vol. 11., p. 48.
N.B. — Dr. Ounther mentions a fish from Port Jackson that he
considers as belonging to the European OrisUceps argentatus, but
at the same time finding constant differences between the two,
he says that 'Hbose who consider this variety as a separate species
may call it OrisUceps cmUneciis;" or in other words this means
that the Australian Oristiceps is argentatus but at the same time
it is not ; so that though it is argentaius it will have to be called
antmectts ; showing once more into what confusion zoologists
fall when they want to establish local varieties instead of
adnutting all such constomi va/rieUes as distinct species, particularly
when they are found in different regions. It is evident that the
number of Australian species of this genus is very large, and
their study is rendered still more difficult by the fact that the
old authors considered them all as one ; I cannot on description
place awrantiaimg and Macleayi with any yet described, but the
speoimenB ought to be compared with iiatvtiu and roseiw of
Gonther.
CKI3T1CEPB ADBAKTIACUS.
Body elongato, its height contained four times and a half in
the total length without the caudal fin ; head not quite fonr
timefl in the Bame ; forehead concave ; snoat longer than the eye ;
the lower jaw longer than the upper ; a fringed tcatacle on the
nostril and one over the orbit ; the first dorsal nearly as high as
the body, and placed in front of the eye ; the first spine being the
longest, the third being one-tbird shorter ; the second dorsal much
lower, consists of twenty-nine epinea, and seven rays ; the tail is
long and narrow ; the oaudal is long, pointed, and formed of nine
long rays ; the anal, like the dorsal does not reach the base of
the caudal, it is formed of two short spinea, and twenty-four
rays ; the pectorals are large and formed of ten strong fleshy
simple rays ; the ventrals, of three similar ones.
The fish is of a beaatifnl orange colour, with the fins of a fine
yellow; the specimen is eight and a half inches long, and was
found at Kiama by Mr. Dubnalay, it is also found at Sydney.
N.B. — This species comes very near my OriaUeept gplendeju,
but diflera, by the first dorsal being placed in front of the eye;
by the space between the two dorsals being only equal to the
length of the first ol these fins; and by the second dorsal being
placed more forward, its third spine being in a line vertical to the
end of the operculam.
I find this fish in the Sydney moaeum under the name of
Australia, Ouv. 8f Yal., but the figure given by those naturalists
(pi. 336) can in no possible manner apply to auranjiacus.
Teuthis Javus.
Zwin. Synt. Nat. Vol I., p. 507.
Of a blackish grey ; lower parts of a pearly blneish white, the
8mall round spots on the back of a light blue ; fins of an olive
colour, though slightly marbled with brown.
MUQIL GR ANSIS.
General form high, the profile slrongly convex; an adipose
OF KBW SOUTH WALES. 387
eyelid covering one-third of the orbit ; anal fin with eight sofb
rays ; forty-two scales on the lateral line ; pectorals a little above
the middle of the body ; the height of the body is contained
three times and one-third in the total length without the caudal
or four times vrith it ; the head is about five times in the last
measurement ; the space at the chin between the mandibles and
interopercles is broad and oval ; the head is very broad ; the
pectorals extend to the sixth scale of the lateral line ; there are
some scales on the vertical fins, and a remarkable series in front
of the third spine of the first dorsal ; caudal emarginate ; the
first dorsal spine is considerably longer than the others.
All the specimens I have seen of this species were of large size,
up to two feet in length ; they are found in the open sea, and
appear in great numbers at the beginning of the vdnter ; it is in
high esteem for the table.
N.B. — This species seems to come near M. cephalvs of the
Mediterranean, and has also the appearance of dohula, but the
head is much broader, as is also the space on the chin between
the mandibles.
I believe this is the " sand mullet " of Melbourne, that I had
t-aken for MugU waigiensis of Quoy and Gaimard, but which
cannot be this sort on account of its adipose eyelid.
MuaiL DOBULA.
MugU dohuUif Oimth, Oat Vol. Ill,, jp. 421.
Adipose eyelid well developed ; forty scales on the lateral
line ; anal vrith eight soft rays ; head broad ; the angle made by
the anterior margins of the mandibulary bones very acute ;
caudal deeply forked.
Colour silvery white ; the back of a dark brown ; head slightly
gilt; fins grey and transparent; caudal bordered with black;
anal white.
Generally from ten to fifteen inches long ; frequenting bays
and marshes ; it also ascends jrivers to a great distance, and is to
be found in ahnost all those of New South Wales and Queensland.
MuGiL Pebonii.
MugU Peromi, Cuv. ^ Val,^ XL, p, 188.
THI FBOCXnonrOB dp tub LlirRBAli aOCIBTY
1 have already mentioned this species in my paper on the fishes
of Victoria (Proceed. Zool. Soo. of Vict. vol. II., p. 151) ; it
seems to be very rare in the sonthora parts of Australia, but is
common in the neighbourhood of Sydney.
It may be characterized thus ; — No devploped adipose eyelid ;
anal fin with ten soft rays ; do pointed axillary scale ; tail
ooiopreBsed and very high; candal very etrong'Iy emarginated ;
body compreaaed ; its greatest height being behind the half of
the body i head pointed.
Colour very silvery; back dark, with a beautifnl blQO tinge;
fins rather dark ; a bright golden spot on the opercle in front of
the insertion of the pectorals, and another behind the eye.
Usual size about a foot long ; it frequents the bays, eatuariea.
and lagoons of the coast,
FlSTnLABIi SBBBiTi.
Fisiularia Tahaeoaria, While, N. 8. Wales, p. 296, pi. 2.
eerrata, Owo. Regn. am.im., Vol. H., p. 267.
Found all over the Indian sea ; pretty plentiful at Sydney,
particularly in May and June.
It is of an olive green, lower part white ; the eye is green.
Helustes hipsilepis.
HeliastasliipsilepiSfGiinlh. Ann.^ Mag. Nat. Hist. Vol. 20, j;. 66.
Height of body contained twice and one-third in total length,
without the caudal fin ; head three times and one-third in the
same; preopercle striated, and almost (?) finely serrated on ita
lower edge ; eye very large ; the diameter of the eye of the length
of the snout ; scales of the body large, twice as high as long,
numbering twenty-eight or twenty-nine ; dorsal formed of
thirteen spines, and fourteen rays ; caudal deeply forked ; anal
with two spines the first short, the other nearly four times as
long ; pectorals long.
The colour of a dark olive green ; lighter and inclined to
yellow on the sides of the head and on the belly ; base of the
pectorals black.
Size, six and a half inches long.
OF NBW SOUTH WALES. 389
Labbighthts QTMNOGENIS.
LahricMhya gyrrmogenisj Ghmth, Oat., vol IV., p, 117.
Snoat rather pointed ; bead naked, covered with pores ; a single
series of scales extending from behind the eye to the cheek, where
the scales become small and disappear ; a posterior canine tooth,
and two canines in front in both jaws ; lateral line marked by
very complicated arboscnles.
Entirely of a dark green, becoming rather yellow on the lower
parts of the head ; dorsal and anal crimson bordered with black
on their upper edges ; a series of very faint, round, light blue
spots on each membrane near the base ; caudal green, with its
base orange ; ventrals green with a black longitudinal stripe near
the spine ; pectorals yellow ; the tail of a light yellowish green.
N.B. — The specimens are about eleven inches long ; when
fresh there were numerous round light pink spots on the body,
but they have disappeared on the specimens preserved in spirits.
Labsiohthts pabila.
LahricTdhys parUa, Oimth. Gat Vol, IF, p, 117.
Tautoga pcmLa, Bdcha/rds, Proc, ZooL 8oc,, 1850, p, 70.
Of a fine light brown, with a longitudinal series of oblong
spots ; these are white on the anterior part of the fish, and pink
on the posterior ; dorsal whitish in front, orange on its posterior
part^ with a very faint longitudinal stripe in the middle ; caudal
troncate, orange ; anal of a fine orange, with the extremity of
tlie rays white, bordered vrith a black line ; pectorals yellow ;
upper part of the head and cheeks grey.
There is no posterior canine ; the head is covered vrith fine
granulations and pores ; the operculum has large scales, but the
prsBopercnlum and cheeks are naked, with the exception of a
line of scales extending behind the eye.
The specimen is eight inches long.
COSSTPHUS UNIMACDLATUS.
Oo88yp7iu8 uwmiaculai/as, Ghmth, Oat, Vot IV, p, 109.
Head large, very pointed in front ; prsdopercle finely serrated ;
dorsal with twelve spines and eleven rays ; anal with three spines
and twelve rays ; a tooth at the commissure of the jaws.
r
390 TSB PROCRHDIKSB OF TH£ LIKNEAN SOCIETY
Of a beantiful carmine, with the lower parts of a vrhitifih
yellow; an oval black blotch borderpd with white on the doraal,
«xtendin^ over the sixth, seventh, aad sometimes the eighth
spine; in some Bpecimena this blotch is divided into two or three
spots, bat the central one is always mach larger than the others.
In some specimens there ia on a part of the scales a roacd
whitish spot.
Rather plentiful at Sydney, and often called " Pig I'iah " on
aoconnt of its elongated snout.
COBIS LINEOLATA,
OorU lineolata, Ountk. Gat., vol. IF, p. 206.
Julia lineolata, Ouv. and Vol., vol. XIII, p. 436,
„ cyanogramrtia, Bicharda, Arm. and Hag. Nat. Hist., vol.
ril, 1851, p. 289.
Of a beautiful carmine pink on the upper parts, the sides and
belly of a silvery white ; a broad longitudinal black stripe,
irregular on its edges, ettending along the sides ; throat obscure ;
arched oblique lines of a fine light blue on the sides of the
head, and one iu the middle; an oval black spot on the dorsal
extending over the siith, seventh, and sometimea the eighth
spine ; this spot, whioh ia sometimes divided into two or three,
is bordered with white. Tiio base of the dorsal and peetoriils
orange, the remaining portion pink ; two or three longitudinal
white lines eitend entirely along the dorsal fin ; a small variety
has no black band on the sides.
This beautiful species was discovered by Peron, since which
Quoy and Gaimard found it at Western Port. The British
Museum has received it from Swan River.
I have only seen it at Sydney, where it is rather common
during the warm season.
OdAX SEMIFASCIATUS.
Odax semifasciatus. Guv. and Vol., vol. XIV, p. 297, pi. 407.
Very much like Ric?Mrdsojii, but with the pneopercle entire,
It is called " rock whiting " at Sydney, and is fourteen inches
long; obtained in May.
The colour varies much, being sometimea entirely of a fine
OV HSW SOUTH WALK. 391
Bky blue, with a golden spot on each scale ; sometimes of a
bnUiant green, with the belly white, bat always with transverse
black spots on the saperior half of the back.
Odax obscubus.
(Moa obsouruSf Ckut Proceed. Zool. 8oc, Vict, vol J, p, 154.
One small specimen, similar to those from Victoria, in the
begfinning of Jnne.
Gbbbbs oyatus.
Oerres ovatus, Qunth, Cat, Vol JT., p. 257.
Body high and oval ; its height contained once and one-fifth
in the total length, vrithoat the caudal fin, the second spine of
the dorsal being the longest ; the third of the anal longer, but
more slender than the second, head rather pointed, pectorals
long.
Entirely of a silvery grey, having a yellow tinge on the lower
parts ; fins yellow, the dorsal finely bordered with black.
Specimen eight inches long.
LOTELLA GALLABUS.
LoteUa edllanas, Qunth. Mag. Nat Hist, 1863, p. 116.
Height of body contained four times and one- third in the total
length, without the caudal fin, head not quite four times in the
same ; upper profile convex ; the highest part of the fish a little
behind the first dorsal, and from thence tapering posteriorly ;
the teeth on the upper jaw form a band, vrith an external line of
larger ones set considerably apart; on the lower jaw there is only
the external series.
PSETJDOBHOMBUS BUSSELLII.
Pseudorhomhua BusseUU, Gwnth, Oat, Vol IV., p. 424.
Platesaa RusseUii, Oray, lU. Ind. Zool
Galled the " Flounder " at Sydney, where it often appears in
the market ; the colour is of a dark brown, with the fins lighter,
inclining to yellow, and covered with small black spots.
Mouth very extensible ; caudal pointed ; the rays of the dorsal
are scaley on the two posterior thirds of the fin.
392 THB PBOOBBDJNOS Of THB I.IH1I1
Dentition moro developed on the ooloured thiui on the blind
D. 69. A. 53. V. 5. P. 8.
N.B.— Thie fieli is aridently different from the Melbourne
" Flonnder."
StSAPTUBA {JDAGOi.
Sywifturn guagga, Gunih. Oat., Vol. 17., p. 485.
^gopia quagga, Kaiif. in Wisgm. Arch., 1858, p. 98.
Body oblong ; the left pectoral 6n ia only rudimentary ; tbe
jaws are of equal length ; the lower eye is rather behind the
tipper one.
Of a fine dark brown, with t«n light transverse bands, which
are slightly bordered with black.
Thia species ia rather common in the China and Indian Seas,
and Boema to be found nearly all round Australia, bat to be very
scarce in these parts.
I have seen it at Sydney and Brisbane ; and Mr. Bostock sent
me one from Swan River.
CNIDOaLANIB UBGAaTOUA.
Cnidoglams megaitoma, Chaith. Oat, Vol V., p. 27.
Plotaeue -megastoma, S/ichards, Toy. Ereh. and Terr. JVsAeg,p. 31.,
pi. 21.
Most of the Australian Silurid(B belong to the group Flotosin^,
characterized by the presence of a short anterior dorsal, and the
aecond dorsal very long and continuous with the caudal and anal,
the ventrals are many-rayed.
The genus Cnidoglanis ia distinguished by its small eyes, and
the gill membranes united below the throat, and attached to the
isthmus along the entire median line ; the genus was first
established by Dr. Gunther.
This species is known at Sydney as the " Cat-fish "; the head
is very broad ; the barbels extend a very little behind the eye.
The colour is of a dark olive brown on the back, with the lower
parts of .1 dirty white; mouth, anterior part of the head, and
spots on the body, of a, beautiful orange yellow. The usual size
is about thirty inches. This fish is very strong, very difficult to
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 393
kill, and fights to the last ; its motions are very rapid, and it
inflicts dangeroos wounds with its strong dorsal and pectoral
spines.
When wounded it loses a large quantity of blood of a dark red
colour.
Not common in Port Jackson ; taken with the hook ; it is not
usually used for food.
Cnidoqlanis leptueus. ?
Onidoglanis leptunis ? Ounth, Gat Vol, F., p. 28.
" Dog-fish *' at Sydney.
Height of the body, six times and a half in the total length
without the caudal fin ; head rather depressed, its breadth being
only one-fifth less than its length, it is five times in the total
length without the caudal ; the nasal and maxillary barbels
do not extend sensibly further than the eyes ; eye small ; the
first dorsal high, the second only one-third of its height ; vomer-
ine teeth, molar-like, in a double triangular band, those of the
maxillary short, conical, in two patches of two, those of the lower
jaw molar-like, with an external line of conical ones ; lower lip
pendant, broad, covered with tubercles, and fringed ; a few
granulations on the sides of the head, before and below the eye.
Of a dark slatey colour, with the lower parts of a dirty-white ;
about fifteen inches long.
Saubida Austbalis.
Height of body contained eight and a half times in the total
length, vrithout the caudal ; head four times and two-thirds in
tiie same. Upper jaw longer than the lower ; eye contained six
times in the length of the head, and rather longer than the snout ;
the pectoral extends to the end of the ninth scale of the lateral
line, this forms a slight keel on the posterior half of the fish ; the
dorsal has eleven rays, it is a little higher than long ; the anal
has eleven rays ; the number of scales on the lateral line is fifty-
eight ; the caudal is emarginate.
The general colour is of an olive green ; the sides of the head
rather gilt ; a longitudinal narrow and faint white streak extends
on the £resh specimens below the lateral line, and another lower
394 IHB FBOOEBDIHOS OF THE LINNEAH HUCUiTT
down J lips pink ; lower parts white ; dorsal adipose ; pectorals
and candal olive, aoaU and ventrala white.
Total length of the specimen fourteen inches, taken in the
month or May.
N.B. — The Domber of tbe fin raya seems to unite this Bpecies
with undo»qiiamii, of Richardson, bnt the pectorals are mnch
shorter, and arc far from extending to near the vertical of the
origin of the dorssl.
HKUIIlHAUFilUB RBQDLABia.
ffemirhamphttt reyuiam, Gunth. Cat, Vol VT., p. 261.
The common " gar-fish " of the Sydney market; general
colour of the baok, dark bine ; a broad silvery band on each side ■
caudal black ; the upper jaw is rather broad.
S.B. — The fishmongers diatingnish two sorts ; one ia larger,
and has more small black lines on the back ; they say Uiat this
is the only one that can be preserved.
Hbmisbamphos ublasochib,
Hemirhamphus mehnwahir, Ow. Sr Val., Vol, XrX,p. 4.1,
iniermedius, Cantor S/' QMnthar.
Of a light green ; a very narrow silvery band on each side ;
caudal black ; upper jaw much more narrow than in the preced-
ing Bpecies.
Equally common at Melbourne, Swan River, Brisbane, and
Sydney ; found also in the Indian Sea.
HmilSHAUFRCS AROENTlSnB.
Henirhamphus argentetia, Bennett, Whaling Voy., Vol. II., p.
2Q3, figured.
Hemirhamphus hreviceps. Cast., Proceed. Linn. 8oo. N.8.W.,
Vol n, p. 240.
Remarkable for its comparatively abort lower jaw.
Common at Brisbane, but only seen once at Sydney.
Belone ferox.
SeloHe ferox, Ounth. Oat, vol. VI, p. 242.
The back of tbe tail is broad and depressed ; the posterior
^
OF KBW SOUTH WALBS. 396
rays of the dorsal are short and about eqnal to the others.
Very plentiful in the market.
Glupea holuocensis.
Chj/pea moluccensis ? Bleeker, Nat. Tyd, Ned. Ind,, vol. IV', p.
609.
The body is very compressed ; height contained twice and one-
third in the total length, without the caudal ; head three times
and a half in the same ; the lower jaw is longer than the upper
one, and when the mouth is shut the opening is upwards ; snout
very short ; maxillary very large and extending further than the
anterior margin of the eye; this is large and only contained
twice and a half in the length of the head.
Dorsal with seventeen rays ; caudal very forked ; anal low,
with eighteen rays, the yentrals are inserted a little behind the
pectoral ; mouth very extensible ; tongue smooth ; the serrature
of the belly extends higher than the pectorals ; of a beautiful
aznrine blue on the back ; the rest very silvery ; head gilt ; fins
of a light yellow; the dorsal with its extremity, and a faint
transverse band, black ; seen in the sun, there seems to be a
longitudinal white stripe on the body, between the blue and
silvery.
Sometimes seen in the Sydney market, and one specimen from
iike Brisbane Biver, sent to be by the Queensland Museum.
MUBCENESOX BAGIO.
Murceneaox hagio, Kcuup. Gat. Apod., p, 116, pi. XIV, fig. 73.
Ophistirus rostratus^ Qiwy and Oaim.y Voy, Uran., Zool,p. 242,
pi. 61.
Conger oxyrhynchis, Eydouas and Soul., Voy, " Bordto.** p. 203,
pi. 9, fig. 2.
Oongrus tricuspidatus Bichard, Voy, " Sulphur, ^^ p. 105, pi. 51.
Body very elongate, scaleless ; snout very much produced ;
Tomer with very strong, long, and compressed teeth, with more
or less conspicuous lobes at the base. Of a light lilac colour
with the belly white; the dorsal yellow, bordered with black.
Sometimes called " sea eel," by the fishermen ; found all over the
Lndiaji and China Seas.
396 THE PBOOBBDIKOa OF THB LINNBIN 8
MtROPHIS ? AUSTRALia.
PoBterior noetril lorge, situated below an arched ridge jnat
above and od tho side of the lip, with a fleshy fringe below ;
the other very Email in front.
Head with a stroog longitudinal central ridge, and on each
side the arched one already mentioned ; cleft of the moath
opening' to the line over the half of the orbit ; teeth very
nnmerous, small, truncated in one eericB, except in front, where
there ia another equal Hhort aeries ; the orbit contained once and
a half in the length of the snont ; pectorals well developed, as ia
also the dorsal and anal, which are luiited ; tail much longer
than the body, and very pointed ; doreal beginning much nearer
to the pectorals than to the vent.
The general colour ia of a greyish brown, sometimea almost
red, the body sometimes marbled with a rather darker coloar ;
fins slaty. Inhabits the sea.
The dimensions are :—
Tiitol length ... ,., 34 inches
Body 14
TaU 20
From anont to the pectorals ... ... 4
Fectorals to base of dorwd JE^
From pectoral to vent 9i ,,
MuiLXNA BIDEEEA.
Mitrana siderea, Rich. Ereb. and Terror, p. 85, pi. 48.
Head becomes very high behind the eye. Of a fine lilao
coloar, with rather numerous round brown spots.
Specimen eight inches long. Sydney and Moreton Bay.
COKOER ? LABUTi.
Scalelees ; cleft of the mouth extending a little further than
the centre of the eye, which is rather shorter than the snout ;
teeth numerous, fine, pointed, forming an outer line with an
inner one on the side of the upper jaw, two rows on the lower ;
pectorals rather large ; dorsal beginning slightly behind the
pectorals ; tho two jaws about equal, the lips hanging down on
each side. 'X'bc body contained once and two-thirds in the length
^
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 397
of the tail, which is pointed ; the anal and dorsal nnited ; the
posterior nostril is in front of the npper edge of the eye, the
anterior smaller, and placed in front over the lip. On each side
of the Snout a small tentacle ; the snont is projecting. Of a
dark olive green on the back, with the belly and the fins of a
bright yellow, with the exception of the ends of the dorsal and
anal, which are black.
About twenty inches long.
SyNQNATHUS TIGRIS.
The length of the snout is shorter than the distance from the
front margin of the orbit to the end of the opercle ; no ridge on
the side of the head ; tail very long, more than once and a half
the length of the head and body ; base of the dorsal slightly
raised above the back ; no spines on the shields ; upper edge of
the caudal and lateral line continuous ; vent placed below the
middle of the dorsal fin ; caudal fin well developed, two-thirds
as long as the snout.
Seventeen body scutes ; thirty-six caudal ; dorsal high, with
twenty-five rays, extending over five rings.
General colour a dark olive-green, variegated with brown on
the sides ; white below ; on the sides of the head a few very
narrow, oblique stripes of a dark reddish brown ; twelve broad
dark reddish bands on the body ; each body scate with a white
half oval spot on its lower edge.
Length twelve inches.
MONACANTHUS ATRAUDI.
BaJdstes ayravdi, Quoy 8f Oaim, Urcm. Zoolyp, 216, jpL 4i7,fig. 2.
Body very elongate ; snout very long ; dorsal spine with only
two series of barbs, which are pointed backwards and downwards ;
ventral spine fixed, very small ; skin velvety, rather rough.
Golour, grey, with generally three longitudinal brown bands ;
fins yellow ; in very old specimens, fifteen to eighteen inches
long, the colour is uniform without bands.
The small specimens of this species are very common at Port
Jackson, particularly near the heads.
398 THE PBOCIEDIHQa OF THE
MONACASTHnS ORANCLATUS.
Monacanthus granulatus, White, Voy. to N. S. W.,p. 295, pi. 39.
GwitJier Cat. vol. VIII., p. 243.
granulatus ? Biehard. Ereh. ^ Tenor, fishst, p. 63,
pi. 40.
Ventral spine present, enclosed in the peMo bone ; dorsal
spine with only two series of barbs pointed backwards and
downwards ; body covered with minute papillte like moBbrooms ;
the ventral fin very fully developed.
Of a brownish grey, marbled with dark brown, with the papillea
white ; fins olive yellow sprinkled with brown ; generally two
large dark spots at the base of the anal on the belly.
N.B. — Certainly different from my tnargaritijer, bot baving
the same form ; Richardson's species ia I believe the latter, ae the
plate represents the dorsal spines barbed on both sidea.
MON ACANTHUS HEaALDRDS.
Monacanihue megalums, Richard. Ic. Fisc. p. 100, pi. 8.
chinansis, Richard. Mreh. Sf Terror, fishes, p. 64,
pi. 40.
Body elevated ; snout pointed ; dorsal with only two aeriea of
barbs, which are pointed backwards and downwards ; anal fin
with thirty or thirty-one raya ; veutral spine moveable, without
spinelets ; some old males with the upper caudal ray produced.
Brown ; ventral expansion of a livid grey with its extremity
black ; dorsal of a dusky brown with its external half yellow ;
extremity of the caudal and anal black.
Obtained in April.
MOHAOANTBUS PERONII.
Monacanthus Peronii, Holla/rd, Arm. Sc Nai. 1854 ; vol. IL,
p. 356, pi. 13, fig. 4,.
Anal fin with thirty-three spines ; the dorsal with fonr edges,
equidistant, and armed with barbs ; body covered with papillte
having rather the form of small mushrooms ; four curved spines
on the tail.
Brown with the lower parts grey ; along the back and the basa
of the anal are seen irregolar narrow lines of a most beautifol
^
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 399
aznre blae ; the space where the caudal spine and the base of the
candal fin are, of a brownish red ; the other fins yellow, some-
times rather orange.
Several specimens procured in April and May.
MONACANTHUS H1PP0CREPI8.
Monacanthua hippocrepis, Qfcoy and Oaim., Voy, Uranie, Zool,,
p, 212.
Aleutervus variahilis, Bichard, Ereh., and Terror, fishes, p, 67,
pi, b^,fi>g. 1.
Anal fin with less than forty rays ; (35) dorsal spine with four
series of barbs, the front series very close together; skin velvety;
generally four and sometimes six strong spines directed forward.
Brown, with some reticulated lines of a darker colour, on the
back ; on the head oblique black stripes, which become of a fine
blue when near the eyes ; on the upper part of the head the
colour becomes yellow, with the stripes purple ; on each side of
the body there is a large yellow patch marbled with brown ; on
the tail there is a flesh-coloured patch, on which are the spines ;
caudal fin grey, vrith a transverse crescent of a fine brown;
dorsal, a brilliant yellow with its base brown ; the other fins of a
fine yellow.
Kather plentiful in the warm months ; usual size about thirteen
inches long.
. In May I obtained a female specimen, vrith rather dull colour-
ing and without caudal spines ; the upper profile of the snout is
straight.
MOKACANTHUS BUDIS.
MofMcanthus rudis, Bicha/rd, Ereh, and Terror, fishes, p, 66,
pi, 40, fig. 7.
Dim. Anal fin with less than forty rays ; dorsal spine with four
series of barbs ; the front series being much closer together than
the back.
Form oblong; anterior profile of the head rather concave;
body covered with short spinelets, having each three or four
points, which become smaller, and more crowded on the head
and tail ; ventral spine very small, not moveable ; the dorsal
400 THE PBOCEBDINOB OP THE LINNKAN SOCIETT
spine SB long as the space from the enout to the anterior edge of
the orbit; the barba of its poaterior edge moderate, directed
downwards ; those of the anterior very Bmall, only visible on the
superior half of the spine, and the two aeries only separated by a
loQgitndinal sulcats ; this dorsal spine is inserted over the
interior third of the orbit; the second dorsal has thirty-eight
rays ; tho caudal is rounded ; anal with thirty-6ve rays.
Of a greyish yellow becoming brown on the back ; belly of a
dirty white; fina of a bright yellow; the posterior half of the
eaadal of a dark colour,
The apecimon ie over ten inches long, it bears no trace of
spines on the tail ; obtained in October.
Dr, Gunther places iiidu with those species having only two
series of barba on the dorsal spine ; bnt I believe there ia no donbt
that this is Richardson's species ; these anterior barbs are small,
and are perhaps missing in some specimens ; the specimen I
described under this name. Proceed. Zool. Soc. of Vict., Vol, 11,
p. 54, does not belong to this species, and ia probably Freycineti
of Hollard.
MONACAHTHDS PRAaiNUB.
MonaoantlMi praemus. Cast., Proceed. Zool. Soe. Fict., Vol. I,, p.
20-5,
Small specimen, similar to those fr m Victoria, but with the
lower part of the body of a silvery white ; procured in Jane.
Abacana dbkticolakis.
Araaana hniicularis, Ounth. Cat. Vol. VIII., p. 268.
O'lraaion lentieulark, Richard., P.Z.S., 1841, p. 21.
Of a lilac pink, with yellow reflections ; on the sides and back
.some spota of an ochreous-yellow, having the centre darker ;
lower parts of the body and mouth of a rose colour, becoming
darker towards their extremities.
TeTRODON LDNARI3.
Tetrodon Ivnarig, Block. Sclineid., p. 605.
var. spadiceus, Richard. Sulphur. Fish, p. 123, pi. 58.
Enters Dr. Gunther's division ; " back lower, not compressed ;
^
OF KBW SOUTH WAI.B8. 401
nasal openings two on each side, opposite each other, and placed
on a single, more or less prominent papilla ; a distinct fold along
the lower part of the body and tail ;" forming the genus Qastrophysiis,
of Mailer ; upper parts covered with small spines beginning
rather in front of the eyes, and extending to the base of the dor-
sal; others cover the belly, but no transverse lines of these
spines join one another on these parts ; the head is quadrangular,
and is more than the distance between its posterior extremity and
the base of the dorsal ; caudal forked ; tail slightly compressed
and naked ; anterior part of the head elevated ; cheeks entirely
smooth, with a line forming an angle in front, and another below
the eye ; the upper parts are brown ; the sides of the head silvery ;
the fins yellow ; no defined silvery bands on the sides.
The specimen is eight and a half inches long, and is from
Moreton Bay ; it belongs to the Brisbane Museum.
The length of the head is more considerable than is said in
Dr. Gunther's description ; this fish certainly belongs to Richard-
son's spadiceus from the Chinese and Indian Seas, and may be
different to the typical lunaris.
Tetrodon amabilis
Nasal organ very conspicuous, simple, without any fringe or
tentacles ; no fold along the lower part of the tail ; body covered
with short villiform spines ; dilated belly, covered with rather
spaced tubercles ; eight dorsal rays, the body is entirely of a dark
reddish brown ; the belly of a fine orange colour ; this is covered
with numerous broad, black, concentric stripes ; the fins are of a
bright yellow ; the caudal is orange with numerous black spots,
forming several irregular transverse bands ; the anterior profile
of the head is concave ; it becomes very convex over the eyes,
and runs nearly straight along the back.
The only specimen (taken on the 20th July, 1877) I have seen
of this pretty fish is four and a half inches long.
DiODON NOVEMMACULATUS ?
Diodon novemmaculatus ? Guv. memoires du museum, vol, VJL
maculatus ? Ounth, Cat, vol, VIIL, p. 307.
Aiopamycterus Bocagei, Steind, 8itzh, Ah, 1866, p, 477, pi, 6,
fig.Z.
402 THE PBOOBEDIKOS OP THE LIKKBAK SOCIBTT
Grey colour; body covered with small round black spots,
forming; several trauaverse black tranaversal bands, one below
the eye, one io front of the pectorula, and the third bebiod these ;
fina of a fine bright yellow ; the front of the head is covered with
five longitodiual dark lines.
Note. — The nasal tentacles are bifid. Like Stein dacbner, I
cannot see any nasal openings. It is certain that this is the
species mentioned by that author.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE ZOOLOGY OF NEW
GUINEA.
PART III.
SeBoription of a m™ maTiv^ial allied to the genua Pbbambles, Gmff".
By E. P. Bamsat, F.L.S., C.M.Z.S., Cor. Merab. Eoyal Soc,
Tasmania; &c.
Pekameles broadbentii, sp. nov.
PI 27.
In. -^-; can. -]^1-; premol. J^; mol. ^-.
Mr. Kendall Broadbent was fortouate enough to obtaio a
single specimen of this fine species, at a considerable distance
inland from Port Moresby, in some of the dense mountain scmba
on the banks of the Goldie River. It is, without doubt, the
largest species of the genua yet made known, and, although
departing somewhat from Ferameles proper (chiefly in the form
of the skull and tail), I prefer, for the present, to keep it in thia
genas, than to create a new one for its reception. The tail, in
which only a few of the vertebree at the tip have been left,
appears to have been, to some extent, prehensile, and, in its
peculiar scaly under surface, differs from that of any other
species of the genus {Perameles).
The hair is comparatively smooth, not so harsh to the tonch
as in P. nasuta; some of the longer black hairs are slightly
flattened, Stifi', but not spiny, the longest about an inch in length ;
the under fur is soft and wavy.
Tiie general color is of a blackish brown ; the throat, sides, and
all the under surface and fore legs, fawn color, a little brighter on
1
07 NBW SOITTH WALB8. 403
the sides and chest. The head above is of an ashy tint pencilled
with blackish hairs ; the hairs on the back are dark brown tipped
with fawn, and mixed with them are longer hairs of a jet black
color slightly stiflfer than the rest ; the feet are clothed with very
short, light brown, or fawn-coloured hair ; the hands almost
naked; no hair on the fingers ; the toes and hind feet are
covered with similar short light fawn-coloured hair ; there are
also a few long straggling hairs on the chest, throat, and under
side of the arms of the same colour ; the bristles on the snout
are long and black. The ears blackish without, light fawn-colour
within, almost naked, sparingly clothed with minute fawn-
coloured hairs ; they are rather small for the size of the animal ;
the inner margin is rounded at the base, the outer rather straight
to the tips, which are slightly rounded ; in the hollow of the ear
are two transverse naked parallel folds with a narrow deep
fissure between them (fig 2 and 8). Palate with eight trans-
verse ridges ; on the outer margin near the base a well defined
lateral fold. Feet roughened below with flattish scales. Tail
about one-third the length of the body, scaly above, covered
with transverse flattish scaly tubercles below, to the very
tip, blackish above for about two-thirds of its length, from
thence fawn-color to the tip, sparingly clothed with short hair.
The snout naked and marked with parallel longitudinal lines at
the tip; the median fissure distinct.
Nails on three fingers only ; first and fifth finger almost rudi-
mentary, and without nails ; on the second and third the nails
are well developed, long, pointed, of a light horn color, with the
base black. * Nails of the hind feet on four toes, horn color^
darker at the base, rather short, thick, and strong ; those on the
conjoined toes curved, and diverging.
Teeth. Incisors ^^, Canines -}^, premolars-^, molars
The third incisor of the lower jaw very much hooked laterally*
(Fig. 6, i.)
The last of the premolars, and the third of the molars, are
the largest in both jaws. The canines are comparatively small
and much worn down.
Measurements from skin preserved in spirits. Adult male : —
404 THi FBOcasciNaB of thb linmbajt societt
Total lengt.h from anna to tip of enont, 20 inches ; with the tail,
27-9; circumference of tail at base, I '6; at half an inch from
the tip, 07 ; ieogtb of hand, 2-1 ; of the foot, 39 ■, radics, 29 ;
tibia from malleolos, 4-4 ; from tip of snoat to base of the ear, *
4'5 i from tip of Buont to eye, 2"5.
Skull. Length, i'S inches ; across zygomatic arcbea posteriorly
1*7; anteriorly, 1'4; breadth at the base of posterior limb of
zogomatic arch, 1-2 in.; breadth opposite centre of arch, 0-55 in,;
greatest, width between orbit, 0'8 in. Occipital crest very promi-
nent, deeply concave and expanding behind laterallly ; greatest
width posteriorly, 12 in.; occipital foramen, height 04 in.;
greatest width, 0 5 in. ; anditnry bullas small (apparently broken
away). Nasal bonea : lengtb, 202 inohes, width anteriorly,
0'25, width behind, O'S. Length of zygomatic arch outaide, l"?;
inside, 1'25 ; width of zygomatic arch inside, 0.5. Height of
skull from upper margin of foramen magnum, to vertei, 0'83 ;
greatest width behind, 1-2 ; length of anterior palatal suture,
04; posterior ditto, 0'5 Ji 02; distance from incisor too^h to
posterior margin of tbe palate, 2'55 ; distance from 1st incisors;
to posterior margin of canine, 0'8 ; to tiie anterior margin of
caniae, 06 ; width of canine, 0'2 ; distance from anterior margin
of incisor to posterior margin of last molar, 2'3.'i ; from anterior
margin of 1st premolar to the posterior margin of 3rd, 0'72 ;
distance from 1 st incisor to posterior margin of 5th, 0'5 ;
distance between 6th incisor and canine, 009 ; between canine
and 1st premolar, 0'15 ; between 1st and 2nd premolar, O'l ;
between 2nd and 3rd premolars, 0 05 ; width of 3rd premolar,
02; whole range of the premolars, 0-75; range of the fonr
molars, 0'7 ; width of the canine at base, 0'2 ; height of the
canine, 0'2.
The very exact and carefully drawn figures, bo kindly sketched
for me by my friend Baron Miklonho Maclay, will give a better
idea of the parts than a verbal description.
ExPLANAJioK OP Plate.
All the figures (with the exception of Jig. 1) are of tlie natural >ae.
Fig. 1. — Perameles hroadbentii, Rama. Ad. (J from a phot^ograph
of the stuffed specimen in the Australian Musenm, Sydney ;
about one-ninth of the natural size.
^
OF NBW SOUTH WALES. 406
Fig. 2. — Head of the same, in profile, from a skin preserved
in spirita. The long bristles of the face were somewhat broken
at the point, and, on that account, somewhat shorter than in the
living state. (After the process of stuffing and drying the length
of these hairs is still further reduced).
Fig. 3. End of the snout from above.
Fig. 4. End of the head (nose and mouth) from below.
Figs. 5, 6, 7. Before the specimen was stuffed the skull was
taken oat, and replaced by a plaster cast, in order that it might
be available for farther investigation and comparison. % It has
thos become possible to give a correct drawing of the jaws, with
the teeth in situ, and of the hard palate, with the characteristic
transverse ridges.
Fig. 5. Both jaws in profile.
i. Incisors f
c. Canines y
p. Premolars \
m. Molars ^
Fig. 6. Lower jaw, from above.
Fig. 7. Upper jaw, from below, shewing the characteristic
palatal ridges.
Fig. 8. Inner surface of the pinna, somewhat extended by
the aid of needles, in order to render visible the two transverse
folds.
Fig* 9. Extremity of the tail, from the spirit specimen ; the
upper surface hairy, the lower with thick transverse epidermal
scales.
Figs. 10, 11, 12. Anterior extremity.
Fig. 10. From above.
„ 11. „ the side.
„ 12. „ below.
Figs. 13, 14, 15. Posterior extremity, from above, from the
side, and from below.
The small numbers indicate the fingers and toes.
t Baron Maclay has kindly undertaken to sive, in a future paper, some anatomical
dstautt with remarks on the comparative anatomy of the skull, Ac.
406 THE PROCESDISOS OF THB UHKBAS eOCIBTX
EXHIBITS,
By E. P. Ramsay, Esq., F.L.S., Ac. : — Perameles BroadbeniU,
from Port Moresby, New Gninea. Monnted specimen. And
White Anta {Termes), probably a new species, obtained from a
Blue Gum tree, near Sydney.
By Mr. Brazier: — A. new apeoies of Oonug and a new epeciea
of Milra. A specimen of Obsidian (?), fall of spherical cavities,
nhioh, when placed on the fire, had ezptoded with mnch
violence.
MONDAY, DECEMBER 30, 1878.
W. J. Stkphbss, Esq., M,A., the President, in the Chair.
VISITOR.
W. A. Haswell, Esq., M.A., B, Sc. of Edinburgh, waa intro-
duced to the meeting by the Chairman.
DOKATI0N3.
Proceedings of the Zoological and Acclimatisatioa Society oC
Victoria, Vol. V., for 1878. From the Society.
PAPERS BEAD.
Notes on PtJFFiNDS (Nectris) carneipes, Gould, Handbk. Bds. Aust.
Vol, II., p. 465.
By E. P. Ramsat, F.L.S.
This species of PufBn represents on the N.S.W. coast the
Nectris breiiicaud-us, of South Australia, and is as numerous in
certain places as that species is there.
Among other places they frequent the Solitary Islands, in great
numbers during the breeding season which lasts from September
till December. Through the kindness of James Bamett, Esq.,
the Colonial Architect, I have received from Messrs. MacLeod,
Jennings & Murray, a fine series of these birds and their eggs.
The birds arrived early in September, and at once betook
themselves to excavating their nesting-holes, which are short
OF KXW SOUTH WALXS.
407
bnrrows in the ground, about 6 inches in diameter and 12 to
20 inches in length, in no instance was more than one egg
obtained in a barrow; the males and females assist in incuba-
tion ; out of five specimens of birds taken from the burrows 4
proved to be females. There is no difference in the plumage of
the sexes. The eggs are apparently laid at night ; the birds
arrive in countless numbers in the evening and most of them,
the males probably, or those not engaged in hatching, return
to the sea at daylight in the morning. As many as 20 dozen
eggs have been taken on a single morning, the workmen at
the lighthouse finding them a very delicious article of food.
Their average weight is 2 oz.; the lightest and smallest sent me
weighed 1*5 oz. They are usually of an oval form, 2*4 inches in
length by 1*6 inch breadth, of a pure white color and of a smooth
fine grain. One specimen sent to me by Mr. MacLeod, is more
pointed at the thin end, and has very light brown irregular
blotches on the thicker end ; the shell is slightly different in
texture and may belong to a species of Tern, nevertheless it
was obtained in one of the Puffin's burrows.
Measurements of Eoos.
No.
Length.
Breadth.
1
• • ^4 • • •
. 1-6 ...
... laid Dec. 6th, 18'
2
.. 2-4 . .
. 1-6 ...
»> >» »]
3
.. 2-35 ...
1-5 ...
... taken Dec. 5th ,
4
.. 2-25
. 1-54 ...
... laid Dec. 10th ,
6. .. .
.. 2-47
. 1-67 ...
>> »> >
la
.. 2-46 ... .
.. 1-63 ..
... laid Nov. 25th ,
2a
.. ^'Oq ... .
.. 1-7 ...
tt t» >
Specimens of the birds sent to me alive have the irides blackish
brown, legs and feet pale flesh color, bill dark brown above lighter
below.
Total length
Wine
^LnuA ••• •• •«• ••• ••• •••
A> QW O UO «•• ••• ta* ••• ••• ••■
Mid-toe and nail
Bill from forehead feathers
Culmen
Bill from nostril
Bill from gape
From nasal tube to forehead . . .
... i
17 inc
hes $
16-5
11-3
11-4
6-2
5-4
1-85
1-85
2-3
2-3
1-4
1-4
1-6
1-6
11
105
2
115
0-45
0-46
408 TBt
Bab. The wbole of the East Coast as far north as Torres
Straits.
The specimens and eggs described are from the South Solitary
a rocky island near Port Stephens.
On two new speoies of Crabs, of tbe genns Steitobhthchijs.
By William A. Haswell, M.A., B, Sc,
The genns Stenorhynchna of Latreille was for a long time
regarded as being restricted in its range to European seas.
More recently, however, two species have been described from
the aouthern hemisphere — one, S. faleifer, by Stimpson from the
Cape of Good Hope, and the other S. carvirottris, by Dr. A. Milne-
Edwarda* from Baaa'a Straits.
1. — STEKOBEYNCEDS BRETlROSTRtS, tp. nov.
GBstrJo region of the carapace with five tubercles, of which
four ai'e situated anteriorly in a tiausverae line and very smal],
while the fifth is much larger and situated in the middle line
close to the posterior border of the region. Cardiac region with
three taberclea, the two anterior being close together in the same
transverse line, and very large ; the third small, situated close
behind them. Two obscure tubercles on the lateral hepatic regions,
and three on the branchial. Lateral margins with two prominent
triangular teeth. Hostrnra short, of two bluntish teeth which do
not reach further forward than the distal extremity of the second
joint of the external antennse, the furrow between them not
extending so far back aa the line joining the posterior borders of
the orbits. No infra-orbital spine ; upper boundary of the orbit
very prominent, but without a supra-orbital spine. Eyes with a
slight tuberosity on the anterior surface of their peduncle, and a
small conical projection on the anterior and superior aspect of
their distal extremity. Anfcennte and maxillipedea very similar to
those of S. phalangiwn. Epistome with a slight tubercle on each
side near the auditory organ. Anterior limbs equalling in length
about two-and-a-half times tbe breadth of the carapace ; arm in
Id l'; p"r.
OF NXW SOUTH WALES. 409
the female smootb internally and externally, with a row of fine
teeth on its superior surface; hand compressed and carinated
externally ; arm, wrist and hand in the male all much dilated ;
the first with three or four small teeth on its superior margin ;
the last not carinated externally ; fingers in both sexes
compressed, curved inwards, furrowed externally, finely den-
ticulated on their inner borders, which meet throughout their
entire extent. Second pair of legs equalling in length eight times
the breadth of the carapace.
All the male specimens I have obtained are smaller than the
female, and have the carapace less convex and almost smooth.
Locality f Port Jackson, at depths of about five to eight fathoms.
2. — Stenonrhtnchus fissifrons, sp. nov.
Carapace having a blunt spine and two tubercles on the gastric
region, placed in the form of a triangle, with the base forwards,
and the apex formed by the spine ; one prominent blunt spine on
the cardiac region, and three tubercles on each branchial region ;
a blunt, sub-bifid spine on the lateral border of the carapace, and
two small acute teeth situated below and behind it. Rostrum as in
preceding species, but the furrow separating the two halves
extending as far back as the line joining the posterior borders of
the orbits ; superior border of the orbit armed with a prominent
acute spine. Eyes, antennas, and maxillipedes as in preceding
species. Anterior limbs (in the female) much compressed ; arm
with three small acute teeth on its outer surface ; wrist with two
tubercles on its outer surface and two small teeth on its inferior
border ; hand with a row of short acute spines on its superior
and inferior borders ; its inner surface smooth ; the middle of its
outer surface obscurely tuberculated.
The above description is from a single specimen — a female —
in Mr. Macleay's collection, from Auckland , New Zealand.
Notes on the Anatomy of Birds. 1. — The Brachial Plexus of
Birds. By William A. Haswell, M.A., B. Sc
The anatomy of the Brachial Plexus of Nerves in the Class
Ayes has been described by yarions authors (e. g., Cuvier,
ttO
m PKocnsivw I
r THX axnui vxixn
Le((m» ^Anaiowie Comp-jree, torn. 2, p. 266 ; the author of
the article "Birds" in Eees' Cydopcedio ; Owen in the article
••Jvee" io Todd'g Cyelopced'a.Aad in his Analomij and Fhygioh'gij
of the Vettebrata, Vol. II, p. 125), but in all cases eomewhat
briefly and unsatisfactorily, and with not a few omissions of
important pointB,
The Brachial Pleias coBBiste in Aves of the whole of, or
of branchea from, the anterior primary divisions of from three
(Todirhamphns sanctna, Myzantha garrula), to Sfb (Phalacroco-
rax Novee- Hoi lands, Grallioa picata) spinal nerves, four being
the commonest namber. The most general arrangement of the
plexus and its branches is as fallows ; —
The first nerve before joining with any of the others detaches
a considerable branch, which subdivides for the supply of the
rhomboid and trapezius muscles. The second nerve also gives
off a branch before joining the pleios ; this ia a slender twig
which runs directly backwards over the posterior nerves of the
plems to supply the serrati muEcles ; it is thus analogous to the
" nerve of Boll " of human anatomy. The second norve of the
plexns divides into two; the anterior of the two divisions is
joined by the first nerve to form the poiierwr hraahtal navi
(circumjlex and mwciih-spirfj!); the posterior division joins with
the remaining two or three nerves to form the anierior brachial
7ierve (ulnar, median, and m-usculo-ciianeous). There are thus
formed two main nervous trunks, which, while in the neighbour-
hood of the asilla, give off a number of muscular branches. The
posterior brachial weitre gives branches to the subclavius, '''
coraco- brachial is hrevis, (^' and subscapular! a, (^' to the teres
major, '*' and latissimus dorsi. The anterior brachial nerve
gives origin to two large branches for the pectoralia major,
one for the coraco- brachial is longus, '^' and to a small branch,
which sometimes originates from oce of the branches to the peo-
(I) S«6ciaci7Wo(Bolle
(£J Deltoideut minor o
(3) Leoator humeri of
(4) Ir^fraapinatus of S
(5 Pettoralit miniiBK
OF KXW SOUTH WALKS. 411
toralisy destined for the deltoidens minor. The internal cuta-
neons nerve also arises in part from this cord, bat its mode of
origin presents considerable varieties in different birds. It arises
almost always by two roots, which may be both derived from the
ant-erior brachial nerve, or one from the anterior brachial nerve,
and the other directly from the spinal nerve following the last of
those entering into the formation of the plexus. When the former
is the arrangement observed, the anterior brachial nerve is usually
joined near its origin by a branch of very small size from the spinal
netve immediately following those which go to make up the great
balk of its fibres, and the spinal nerve from which this slender
branch is derived is evidently the equivalent of that from which
arises the posterior root of the internal cutaneous, when the last
described arrangement holds good ; since in this case the anterior
brachial nerve is not joined by any such small accessory root.
The spinal nerve which thus so generally assists either
directly or indirectly in the formation of the internal cutaneous,
seems to be the analogue of the third dorsal nerve of mammals ;
and this view is strengthened by the fact that in cases in which
it gives off no branch to contribute to the formation of the inter-
nal cutaneous, it gives off an intercosto-humeral branch for the
nerve-supply of the skin of the upper arm. The two roots of
the internal cutaneous nerve join one another about the middle of
tibie apper arm, and the single nerve thus formed courses to the
ventral surface of the fore-arm, where it divides into two main
branches, which are traceable, giving off numerous branchlets,
in the subcutaneous tissue as far as the wrist.
The above may be regarded as the simplest arrangement of
the plexus. In many cases, however,— e.g., Columba aenas,
Leaoosarcia picata, Phalacrocorax NovaB-HollandisB — the con-
nexions of the nerves are more complex.
As regards the distribution of the main trunks, the posterior
brachial nerve passes from the axilla to the posterior surface of
the arm, where it gives off near the head of the humerus a large
cirewnflex branch, which divides for the supply of the deltoideus
major, the tensor major and the humero-scapular joint. The main
part of the nerve, after giving off branches to the triceps, and,
L.,
rBX FBOCIZDIXM or TSX USSiUS lOOIKrT
farther down the arm, a strong cutaneoaa branch {eztemal
eutaneout of muicuJo-spiral') for the snpply of the anterior alar
fold, reaches the forearm and gives a mnscular branch to the
extensor carpi radialia longior and eitetiBor metacarpi radiaiis."
It then divides into three branches ; of these that situated nearest
the rudial side coarseB to the hand in contact with the extensor
longns pollicia and extensor indicia, gives oET a branch to the
interassei muEcles, one to the extensor brevis pollicis and one to
the adductor manua, and enda in cntaneons nerves for the supply
of the dorsal Burfoce of the three digits. The middle division gives
a twig to the anconens, and ends in two branches, one of vchieh
anpplioa the extansor commumis digitorum, and the other goes to
supply the akin on the ulnar side of the manua ; the last, or most
ulnar, of the three divisions divides into two branches — one
supplying tbe extensor carpi ulnaria, and the other the skin on
the ulnar border of the forearm.
The anterior brachial Tierve, after giving a branch to the biceps,
and a cutaneous twig to the skin covering the upper part of the
arm, runs down the inner Burface of the arm to the hollow in
front of the elbow-joint, near which it gives off a cutaneous
nerve (external cvtaneous of rnvseiilo-eitianeovs) to the skiu of the
radial side of the forearm, an^ a muscular branch to the brachial
anticus muscle ; it then divides into two trunks. The first of
these, passing to the radial border of the foreacm, gives off two
small cutaneous twigs, and a branch which supplies the flexor
muKcle carpi ulnaris, and divides into two branches, ore of which
runs along the ulnar border of the flexor carpi ulnaris to the
band, where it supplies the adductor maous and becomes cuta-
neous on the third digit; while the other passes under the flexor
carpi ulnaris to the deep surface of the flexor sublimis degitornm,
the tendon of which it accompanies to the hand, where it ends in
two small superficial branches.
The second of the two main trunks of the anterior brachial
(median) divides into three branches ; one of these supplies the
pronator muscles ; another passes under the pronators and
supplies the flexor profundus digitorum ; while the third and
• ExUntor tintacarpi loiigvi, ul Tisdamann ; abdaelor pollicit Umgut, of RUdinger.
OF NXW SOITTH WALX8. 418
largest runs to the hand, where it divides into two branches, of
which one supplies the flexor brevis poUicis and adductor pollicis,
and becomes cutaneous on the pollex ; while the other supplier
the flexor brevis indicia (fourth interossens) muscle, and becomes
cntaneoos on the second digit.
EXHIBITS.
Mr. Masters exhibited a Phyllosoma (new species) from Port
Jackson ; and a number of the young of Trachurus trachurus,
which had been found sheltered under a medusa.
Dr. Cox exhibited a complex piece of Wood Carving from the
Solomon Islands, which appeared to represent a grotesque combi-
nation of various forms.
NOTICES.
The President announced that the Annual Meeting would be
held on Wednesday, January 22nd, in accordance with arrange-
ments made by the Council of the Society.
Mr. Macleay stated that it had been suggested that the
Monthly Meetings of the Society should be, in future, held on
the last Wednesday night in each month, instead of the Monday
night, as at present. The matter would be arranged at the
next Council Meeting.
9 PBOCBBDINIM OF THE LINNEAK S
^
ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING.
JANUARY, 1879.
W. J. Stephens, Esa, M.A., President, in the Chair.
The Pbbsident delivered the following address : —
Gentlemen, — The day has dow retnrned when it Viecomea by
custom the duty of the President to lay before the Members of
this Society an abstract of our own operations during the past
year, of those of kindred associations here or elsewhere in
Australia, and of such late discoveries or publications as may
appear of special interest to Naturalists in this portion of the
Globe. But, as a preliminary, I desire to make use of this
opportunity to draw your attention, and that of Ihe public, to
(he remarkable prosperity of the Society, not indeed, I regret to
say, in a financial, but in a scientific point of view. Since
the first monthly meeting, held on Monday, January 25, 1876,
there have been read more than 150 original papers, or portions
of papers, on yarions snbjocfa, all of which have been printed,
with the exception of a few still in hand to complete the third
volume of Transactions. And yet, while this activity in writing
and publication is not only maintained but increasing, we have to
deplore a rapid and serious diminution in the number of our snb-
cribers. The reduction of the funds available for printing will
require the particular attention of the still faithful members, in
order that our deserters may be recovered, or their places filled
by new recruits ; aa the Society cannot otherwise maintain that
practice of early and regular publication which has characterised
it liitherto. We have not as yet applied for any assistance from
tbo Government, although it will be, I think, admitted that we
hiive reasonable ground fur such ao application, in order that our
funds availaljle for priuting may be supplemented by a small
annual grant, in proportion either to the amount of subscriptions,
or, which might be preferable, to our actual expenditure upon
this objeot.
OF NBW SOUTH WALB8. 416
It is needless to observe that such a zoological station as has
been proposed here by our distinguished associate, Baron de
Miklucho Maklaj, would involve a series of expenses which it
would be absurd to suppose within the means of our Society. For
this purpose, therefore, when our plans are matured, the as-
sistance of the State must be requested. And it appears to me
that the present conjuncture of affairs suggests the establish-
ment of such a station for research, in conjunction with an
aquarium for popular instruction and amusement, as a portion of
the constructions now commenced for the New South Wales In-
ternational Exhibition. I am sure that no portion of the display
would attract more attention than the opportunities thus aflPorded
to ourselves and to strangers for observing the forms and habits
of the little-known creatures which throng our sea margins —
fish, crustaceans, molluscs, echinoderms, corals, and innumerable
other animal and vegetable organisms. Few in this country have
ever had the good fortune to "gaze upon the secrets of the
deep " in such establishments as are found in Brighton, West-
minster, and many other British towns ; at Naples, or the Texel,
on the continent of Europe ; and, if not elsewhere, in Newport,
U.S.A., under the hospitable superintendence of Professor A.
Agassiz. And there are few places in the world in which the
requisite buildings could be placed with such advantage for the
supply of all conceivable forms of marine life, in order to their
exhibition to a large city population, as in Sydney. The po-
sition of the establishment, if combined with aquaria open to the
public, must evidently be somewhere on the borders of Farm
Cove, in or near the sea fringe of the Botanic Gardens. From
the old quarry in the grounds of Government House on the west
to near Garden Point on the east, there is no ground which would
not serve for the purpose, or in which a well-designed structure
would not be ornamental. But for various reasons, the eastern
comer, beyond the present enclosures, oflPers the finest position.
If, to use a vulgar phrase, it had been made on purpose, it could
not be better adapted for the purpose.
Though such an institution is beyond the means and, in part,
even outside the scope of this Society, it is so entirely in
416 TBB FsocsGDiiraB OF Tai linhsim bociett
aci--ordnnce with oor object, tbat I Tentnre to express a hope tbafc
Membera may lend the assistauee of at least their personal
influence to ita speedy commencem-ent and eompletioc.
The Papers read before l.ho Linnean Society of New South
Wales during 1878, have been as foUowB, according to the order
of their eucoeBsion ;—
1. Description of a new epeoies of Ptilolit from Torres Straits.
By E. P. Ramaay, F.L.S.
2. On an Australian variety of Nerilina puUigeTa, Linn. By
the Rot. J. E. Ten i son- Woo da, F.G.S., F.L.S., &o.
3. On a new genus of MUhporidts, By the Rot. J. E. Tenison-
Woods, F.G.S., F.L.S,, &o.
i. On ft new Bpeciesof PsammoMri*, By the Rev. J. E. TeniBon-
Woods, F.G.S., F.L.S,, Ac.
5. Description of a Bpeciea of Myioleete» from Fiji. By E. P.
Ramsay, F.L S.
6. Notes on a species of Thcrapon. found in a dam at Warialda.
By William Macleay, F.L.S., with Remarks by the Rev.
J, E. Tenison-Woods, F.G.S., F.L.S., &c.
7. On s new apecies of Detmophyllum, and a yoang stage of
OydoaerU Sinensis. By the Bav- J. B. Teniaon- Woods,
F.G.S., F.L.S., Ac.
8. On the Geology of Yasa Plains. Ey Charles Jenkins, Esq.,
L.S., Yasa,
9. Description of aome new Fishea from Port Jackson and
King George'a Sound. By William Maoleay, F.L.S.
10. Notes on List of Australian Birda. By E. P. Ramaay, F.L.S.
11. Notes on the Fisbea of the Norman River. By Count F. de
Castelnau.
12. On a new species of Soploeephalm from Sutton Forest, By
William Macleay, F.L S.
13. On the Power of Locomotion in the Tunicata. By William
Macleay, F.L.S.
14. On some Australian LittorinidtE- By the Rev. J, B. Tenison-
Woods, F.G.S., F.L.S., &c.
15. Deaciiptions of fire fipeciea of Birda from Torrea Straits and
New Guinea, Ac. By E. P. Ramsay, F.L.S.
OF NBW SOUTH WALES. 417
16. Descriptions of seven new species of Terrestrial and Marine
Shells from Australia. By Jobn Brazier, C.M.Z.S.,&c.
17. On Bulimics Dufresnii, By the Rev. J. E. Tenison- Woods,
F.G.S., F.L.S., &c.
18. On three new genera and one new species of Madreporaria
Corals. By the Rev. J. E. Tenison- Woods, F.G.S.,
F.L.S., &c.
19. Zoology of the " Chevert ;" Ornithology, Part II. By E. P.
Ramsay, F.L.S., &c.
20. On two new species of Gerygone, By B. P. Ramsay, F.L.S.,
&c.
21. On the Ferns of Queensland. By F. M. Bailey, F.L.S., Ac.
22. On two new species of Land Shells. By the Rev. J. E.
Tenison- Woods, F.G.S., F.L.S., &c.
23. On a new genus of Polyzoa, By the Rev. J. E. Tenison-
Woods, F.G.S., F.L.S., &c.
24. On some Corals from Darnley Island. By the Rev. J. E.
Tenison-Woods, F.G.S., F.L.S., &c.
26. On some new Extratropical Corals. By the Rev. J. E.
Tenison-Woods, F.G.S., F.L.S., &c.
26. On some Freshwater Shells from New Zealand. By the
Rev. J. E. Tenison. Woods, F.G.S., F.L.S., &c.
27. On some new Australian (chiefly freshwater) Fishes. By
Count F. de Castelnau.
28. Proposed Zoological Station for Sydney. By Baron N. de
Miklucho-Maclay.
29. Lepidoptera having the Antlia terminal in a teretron or borer.
By R, B. Read, M.R.C.S.
30. On the Tracheae of some Australian Ducks. By E. P.
Ramsay, F.L.S., &o.
31. Mollusca of the " Chevert " Expedition. By John Brazier,
C.M.Z.S., &c.
82. Drawings by Australian Aborigines. By J. 0. Cox, M.D.,
F.L.S., &c.
38. Report on Zoological Station, &c.
84. On a new Ganoid Fish from Queensland. By Count F. de
Gastelnau.
418 THB FBOCEEDIXaB OF THE UKBBAB SOCIETY
J5. On a species of AmphisUa from the Palau Islands. By
William Macleay, F.L.S., Ac.
S6. On Macrodontiam. By Baron Maclay.
37. On the Goshawk of Port Moresby. By E. P. Ramsay,
F.L.S , &c.
S8. Descriptions of Anstralian Mi-erolepidopleTa. By Edward
Meyrict, B,i.
39. On the Geology of Tass Plains. By Charles Jenkins, L,S.,
40. Description of a new species of Yivipara. By John Brazier,
CM Z,S , &o.
41. On some Tertiary Fossils from Mnddy Creek, West "Victoria.
By the Rev. J. E. Ten! eon- Woods, P.G.S., F.L.S., Ac.
42. Contributions to the Zoology of New Guinea. By E. P.
Ramsay, F.L.S.,&c.
43. On the Plagoistomata of the Pacific Ocean. By N. N. de
Micluoho-Maclay, and W. Macleay, F.rj.S.
44. On an apparently new species of Pengmn. By Captain
Hnttoa.
45. On a collection of Birds from Erromauga. By E. P.
BAmsay, F.L.S. , fto.
46. On a new mipidura from Lord Howes Island. By E. P.
Ramsay, F.L.S., Ac.
47. On six new Annelids belonging to the family Ampkinomidm.
By W. A. Haswell, M.A., Edinbnrgh.
48. On the Ichthyology of Port Jackson, 219 species. By Count
de Caste Inau.
49. E. P. Ramsay, F.L.S., Ac, on a new species of Perameles
(P. Broadbenlii) from Port Moresby, with Osteological
remarks and drawings by N. "S. de Miclucho-Maclay.
50. On Pv.ffi.mis (Neclris) camipes, Goald. By E. P. Ramsay,
F.L.S., Ac.
51. On two species of Stenorhynehus,8 .hrevirQshi8,«adi S. fissifrong,
and on the Brachial Plexus of Birds. By W. A- Haswell,
M.A., Edinburgh.
The Society has also had the honour to elect the following
distinguished Naturalists as Honorary Members, in consideration
. OP NEW SOUTH WALES. 419
of the valuable services rendered by them in exploring, investi-
gating, and arranging the Natural History of Australasia : —
Professor Owen, C.B., &c.
George Bentham, F.R.S., P.L.S., &c.
Captain Hutton.
N. N. de Miklucho-Maclay.
The Royal Society of New South Wales, which has suflfered
so severe a loss in the death of its venerable Vice-President,
has received the following contributions during the past year, in
the order in which they are here reported. As it is the senior
Scientific Society, not only of Sydney, but also of Australia, I
have thought it right to enumerate all its papers without distinc-
tion of subject : —
" Timber Producing Forests of Tasmania," by Rev. J. E.
Tenison- Woods, F.G.S., F.L.S,
" A Proposed Correction to the Assumed Longitude of the
Sydney Observatory,'' by J. Tebbutt, F.R.A.S.
" Metallurgy of Nickel and Cobalt," by W. A. Dixon, F.C.S.,
F.J.C., &c.
" Meteorology of the Coast of New South Wales, and the
desirability of issuing storm warnings from the Obser-
vatory," by Captain Marshall Smith, of the ship " J.
L. Hall."
" Storms on the Coast of New South Wales," by H. C.
Russell, B.A., F.R.A.S., F.M.S.
" On Molluscan Fauna of Tasmania," and " On some new
Australian Miocene Corals," by Rev. J. E. Tenison-
Woods, F.L.S., F.G.S.
"The Deep Well Waters of Sydney," by W. A. Dixon,
F.C.S., F.J.C., &c.
" Some Results of an Astronomical Experiment on the Blue
Mountains," by H. C. Russell, B.A., F.R.A.S., F.M.S.
* The Rise and Progress of Photography," by L. W. Hart,
Esq.
** Notes on Huan Island Guano," by W. A. Dixon, F.C.S.,
F.J.C., &c.
"Some Facts about the Great Tidal Wave, May, 1877," by
J. P. Josephson, Esq.
420 TBB FBOCKBPIXOS OF T
Tbe ROTii. Society of Victoria has been chiefly occupied by
snlijectfi in Physics, Mathematics, Cbemislry, ABtronoray, 4c.
which bear but distaiitly upon Natural History. Dr. James
Jamieson, however, has comnmnicated papers —
1. Upon Photographs npon the Retina.
2. On a new point of reBemblance in tho Respiration of Plants
and Animals ; and
3. On the Perception of Colour.
Papers were also read by J. Cosmo Newbery, B.So. —
1, Ou the OccnrrencQ of Chrominm in the Iron Ore of Tas-
mania, and
2. On the formation of Hyalite by tbe action of Ammonia on
Tnfosorifll Earth from Talbot.
The MiCBOSCOPiCAL Societt of Victoria, besides comraunica-
tiona of a aomewhat technical character, has had papers read on
Polyzoa, by Mr. 0. M. Mapleston, Mr. Goldstein, and Mr. Bar-
nard ; on Diatoms, by Mr. Goldstein, and Mr. Barnard, and Rev.
J. J. Halley ; on several species of Sawflies, by Mr. K. Wooster;
and on varioas other Insects and Arachnida, by Dr. Ralph, the
President, and others.
The Zoor.OOICAL AND ACCHMATISATIOH SoCIETT OF ViCTORU W
issued the fifth Volnme of their proceedings, including, among
other matter and reports —
1. Upon the Californian Salmon and its introduction into
Victoria, by Sir S. Wilson.
2. Upon the Ostriches belonging to the Society, by S. H.
Officer, Esq.
3. Upon the Chinese Yam, by Sir S. Wilson.
These paper."* are naturally rather of an economic than scien-
tific interest, thongh they also contain many cnrious observations
in natural history.
The same volume also contains, as an Appendix, a third sup-
plement to tho "Select Plants, readily eligible for Victorian in-
dustrial culture," by the unwearied Von MUller.
Thk Adelaide Philosophical Society has bad the following
papers read; —
or NXW SOUTH WALB8. 421
Plant fragments found in the tombs and other monumental
buildings of the ancient Egyptians. By Dr. Schomburgk.
The Decrease of many families of Insects, and the Increase of
some in South Australia. By Otto TejSer.
The origin of Mineral Veins, with special reference to the Ba-
rossa District. By Gaviss Secular.
Infant Mortality in South Australia. By H. H. Hayter, Go-
vernment Statist, Victoria.
The Habits and Description of a new South Australian Beetle
(Melohntha destructor). By Otto Teflfer.
Australian Trigonias and their distribution. By W. T. Bednall.
Recent Australian Marginellidm, By Professor Tate.
Fossil, do. do. By the same.
Whirlwinds. By Otto Teffer.
List of Minerals found in South Australia. By S. Higgs.
The Fossil Corals of Aldinga. By the Rev. J. E. Tenison-
Woods.
Supplementary paper on the Correlation of the Tertiary strata
of South Australia, with a list of fossils found therein. By Pro-
fessor Tate.
Subterranean Water Supply in the Interior. By T. Raw-
linson.
Our Climate and Infant Mortality. By Dr. S. J. Magarey.
In Queensland, a Monograph of the Indigenous Grasses is
under preparation, under OflBcial direction ; and the first Volume
has already been published. Numerous discoveries also of additional
members of the Flora continue to be made ; among which occurs a
notable illustration of the still incomplete condition of our in-
formation, in the fact that two new species of Eucalyptus have
been quite recently found within twelve miles of Brisbane. It is
understood that Dr. Bancroft is engaged in an enquiry into the
medical properties of many indigenous plants, including espe-
cially Duboisia myoporoides, R. Brown, and B, Hepworthiiy the
Pitury of the Aboriginal natives.
There are of course many notices, papers, and other publica-
tions which bear upon the Natural Histories of Australia, issuing
from the Presses of Europe and America. Among the Pro-
422 TBi FBOcBBKUtoa OF i
CEKDIBOS OP THB ZOOLOQICil, SOCIBTT OF LOSDON, the articles
wliicli more or less refer to the Australian regiou, are .—
Oil the Birds of Ternate, Ambojna, Banda, the Re Isli
and the Aru Islands, by T, Salyadori, C.MZ.S.
Oq the Bii-da of Uape York aud the neighbouring islands,
by W. A. Forbes, F.Z.S.
On the LarintB or GoUa, by Howard Saunders, F.L.S., F.Z.S,
Note on the dentition of Oiitcut, by E, B. Alston, P.L.'
F.Z.S., &c.
Descriptions of three new species of Opistkobranchiate Mol-
lutca from New Zealand, by S. T. Cheeseman, F.L.S.
Curator, Auckland Museum.
Notes on the Pemeida in the collection of tha Eritish
Musenm, with descriptions of new apeoies, by E, J.
Miera,F.LS., F.Z.S.
Additional notes on the Cheiroptera of Duke of York Island,
and the adjacent pai-ts of New Ireland, aud New
Britain, by G. E. Dobson. M.A., M.B., T.L.i^., &c.
On a small collection of Birds from the Samoan Islands of
the Island ot llotumah, by W. A. Forbes, F.Z.S.
Description d'nne nouvelle esp^ce des Gosoar (Qasuarimu
Bdwar/hi), par M. E. Oustalct.
On a new species of Finch from the Feegee Islands, by
Otto Finsch, Ph.D., C.M.Z.S.
On the Fruit Pigeons of the genus Pliiopws, by D. G.
Elliot, F.R.S.K.
List of the Butterflies collected on Eastern New Guinea and
some neighbouring Islands, by Dr. Comrie, of H.M.S.
Basilisk, by F. D. Gudman and Osbert Salvin.
On a third collection of Birds made by the £tev. G. Brown
in the Duke of York Islands, by P. L. Sclater, M.A.,
Ph,D., F.El.S.,&c.
Descriptions of some apparently new species of Butterflies
from New Irelntid and New Britain, sent by the iiev.
G. Brown, by F. D. Godman and 0. Salvin.
Papers were also read before The Linkeas Socikty of
London ; —
On Hijpsipi'i/miMdun iiioschalits, Itaniijay, by Prof. Owi;ii, G.B.
OF KEW SOUTH WALB8. 423
On some new species of Nndibranchiate moUnsoa from the
Eastern Seas, by Dr. Cuthbert, Colling wood.
On the development of Filaria sanguis hominis ; and on the
Mosquito considered as a nurse, by Dr. Patrick
Manson.
On the Life History of Filaria Bancroftii, by Dr. Cobbold.
On the Geographical Distribution of the Gulls and Terns,
by Mr. Howard Saunders.
Before the Entomological Societt of London : —
Descriptions of new species of Hymenopterous Insects from
New Zealand, by Frederick Smith.
Descriptions of eight new species, and a new genus of
GossonidoB from New Zealand, by D. Sharp.
On the different forms occurring in the Coleopterous family
LycidcB, with descriptions of new genera and species, by
Charles 0. Waterhouse.
Descriptions of new genera and species of Oleridce, by the
Rev. H. S. Gorham.
On new Coleoptera from Australia and Tasmania in the col-
lection of the British Museum, by Mr. C. 0. Water-
house.
The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, for the
year 1878, so far as received, contain little exclusively
Australian matter, though the articles are almost without ex-
ception of the highest interest. But Mr. E. L. Layard, British
Consul at New Caledonia, publishes in p. 374 of Vol. L, 5th
Series, Descriptions of new species of Birds, from the Island o f
Lifu, New Caledonia. Professor F. W. Hutton, of Otago, New
Zealand, has written in the same volume, p. 407, a Paper on the
number of the Cervical Vertebr89 in Dinornis. We also observe
an Emendatory Description of Tarisiphonia Olarkii, Bk., a Hexac-
tinellid Fossil Sponge, from N.W. Australia, by H. J. Carter
F.B.S., &a ; Descriptions of Longicorn Coleoptera, by F. P.
Pescoe, F.L.S., &c. ; and Descriptions of new QallerucintB, by
Joseph T. Baly, F.L.S.
Among the papers published by foreign Societies may be men-
tioned:— ^In the Annali del Museo Civioo di St. I9at. di Genova,
4S4 TBB PBOCSZDIKQS OF THE
On the Ineecta aod Eirda of New Guinea, by Drs. Gnestro and
Salvador! respectively ; and on the Earpalida of Australia, by
Baron de Chaadoir.
In tbe Anhalbb pe la Sooikte EsTOMotOGtqoE db Belqiqug, we
find, A SynopaiB of the genus Paroptis, by Dr. F. Cba[)nis ; and
A. paper on New Australian Elaleridte, by M. Candeze.
The AssALES de l* Soc. Est. DB Fkance contain A third paper
on the Ciicujida, by il. Antoine Grouvelle ; A doscriptiou of a
new Papilio (P. Laglaizei), from New Guinea, by M. A. Depuis-
set 5 On a Cocous living in France on an Australian Palm {Sea-
forthia elegajii), by M. Jnles Kiinckel d' Hercclais ; and A Sy-
nopais of the Auatralian apeciea of the Genera OurU and Neocuris,
of the Family Bupretlidie, by M. Leon Fairmaire.
The British Association met last year in Dublin, nnder the
Preaidency of Dr. Spottiswoode, F.R.S., &c. His inaogaral
address contains, besides the business matters of the Association,
an original explanation and defence of new methods and doctrines
in Mathematics, which is of course foreign to onr pnrpoBe, I
cannot, however, but qnote one passage in which he observes,
" Science teaches us, while ever yearning with Goethe for ' light,
more light," to concentral* our attention upon that of which our
powers are ciipable, and contentedly to leave for fnture ex-
perience the solution of problems to which we can at present say
neither yea nor nay." This is in effect equivalent to Yirchow's
cautionary advice, to which I shall hereafter advert.
In the Department of Zoology and Botany an address was de-
livered by Professor Flower, F.R.S. , Ac, President of the section,
contrasting the Linnean and modern systems of Zoological classi-
tication, and containing also some suggestions as to nomenclature.
The Vice-President also delivered a sort of obituary lecture on the
Physiological discoveries of the late Claude Bernard, who died in
February last.
In my last address I was enabled, by the courtesy of
Dr. Woolls, to give some account of the seventh and conclu-
diug volume of the Flora Australiensis, which had not then
been published, but which is now in our hands. This great work,
which has been some sixteen years in progress, waa commenced
OF NEW SOUTH WALB8. 425
by Mr. Gt. Bentham, F.R.S., assisted by Dr. Mueller, now Baron
von Miieller, C.M.G., F.R.S., and gives a full account of all
Australian plants known to the authors at the time of publica-
tion. No such general and systematic work on Australian
Botany has been produced since the appearance of R. Brown's
Prodromus, 1810. And in order that nothing of even the latest
discoveries should be lost in consequence of the gradual mode of
publication which was necessarily adopted, Mr. Bentham in his
first issue, 1863, expressed an intention of forming a supplemen-
tary volume to contain an account of new species added to our
knowledge during the progress of the work, together with a de-
tailed examination of the relations as well as of the whole fiora to
that of other countries, as of its component parts to each other.
But, unfortunately, owing to increasing age and infirmities Mr.
Bentham finds himself unable to undertake the amount of literary
and scientific labour involved in such a task, and he therefore
leaves it to Baron von Miieller to complete their joint enterprise.
In the preface to the last volume Mr. Bentham pays a just tri-
bute to the earnest and unflagging exertions which Von Miieller
has throughout displayed in his contributions. He also refers
briefly to some ascertained facts as to the distribution of Austra-
lian plants, which are not indeed new, but have been corroborated
in the course of his inquiries. I venture to summarise them
thus : — The Flora of Australia is, as a whole, endemic or indi-
genous, that is to say, it presents quite a peculiar and unmis-
takable Australian type. But it is subdivided into two. Eastern
and Western, Provinces, which difier almost in every detail,
though their general characters are the same. Secondly : the
Australian Flora has radiated to some extent into the neighbour-
ing Malayan and Melanesian districts by various members (for
example) of the Eucalypts, Epacrids, and Leafless Acacias.
Thirdly : Northern Australia, from Arnheim's land east-
wards, has submitted, to a certain degree, to the influence of
immigration from South-eastern Asia and India. Fourthly : the
Alpine flora of South-eastern Australia and Tasmania may be
traced through New Zealand to the southern extremity of the
American continent, and so up the chain of the Andes, which
426 TBS psocBBOiBae or the LinirsAK bocibtt
seems to hate served as a bridge by which a few epeoies of plants
from the North Temperate or enb-ArcMo Zone huve been intro-
doced into this region. Lastly : The relations of the troly
Aaatralian Flora, as & whole, are rather with Sonthern Africa
than with any other country, aa indicated by agreement in orders,
tribes, and genera.
Since the publication of the early volumes of the " Flora Ans-
traliensis " upwards of 500 new species have been discovered in
various parts of the country, and the descriptions of these, which
appear from time to time in the " Fragraenta FbytographiES Aus-
(ralie," will form a considerable portion of the Bupplementary
volume. The " Fragmeota" alrendy compose ten volumes, the
eleventh being now in hand. Its indtfatigable author baa further
followed up his "Botanic Teachings" of last year by a mnch
more elaborate work npon the " Flora of Victoria," which, when
complete, will present a Bystematic account of all the species
indigenous in that colony, and, therefore, of most of those found
in Nen South Wales, With some few omissions, and the addi-
tion of plants from the northern parts of this colony, the same
wort would serve for us also. The arrangement is that of Ray.
The Baron has also published a translation of Frofessor Witt-
atein's groat work, eiitilled " The Organic Constifuents of Plants
and Vegetable Substances, and their Chemical Analysis," to
which be faas added a valuable preface and notes. This is a work
which should prepare the way for the Medical Botany of Aus-
tralia, a subject which has hitherto been but little investigated.
It also should lead to the analysis of those plants, such for
instance as SwavMona, Gastrohbium, Lotw, Sfc, which have an
evil reputation among stockowners for their poisonous effects on
sheep, cattle or horses. He has also in preparation, as indeed I
mentioned last year, a monograph upon the very puzzling genus
Eucalyptus, in which he hopes (being of a sanguine temperament)
to give satisfactory definitions of the species, with lithographic
illustrations, several of which are already printed. Much interest
attaches at the present time to the genus, in consequence of the
extended cultivation in Europe and North Africa of the Tas-
e Gum, E. globulits. It can hardly be doubted that
or KEW SOUTH WALI8. 427
there will tnm out to be maoy other species of equal economic
and medicinal value, as soon as the genus shall have been
generally studied and cultivated. Meanwhile, frequent reference
is made in the English and Continental Press to the subject,
and many inquiries for information and for seed are addressed
to those persons in this country who are supposed to be in a
position to give the assistance required.
A "First Book on Australian Botany" has also been published
by Mr. W. R Guilfoylo, F.Ii.S., C.M.RB.S., London, Director
of the Melbourne Botanie Gardens. It is intended, as the
author states in his preface, to familiarise the beginner with
the principal parts of plants, and their process of growth, in
so simple a manner that any teacher, though previously unac-
quainted with the principles of botany, may find no diflBculty in
comprehending the lessons and explaining them upon the black-
board. The book is simple, intelligible, and practical, sufficiently
illustrated, and cap tble of being used to great advantage within
the indicated limits. No teacher, however, is worth his salt who
will rest satisfied with such a modicum of botanical knowledge
as may enable him to put these lessons upon the blackboard. It
is also doubtful whether much beyond the Nomenclature of Forms
can be taught in this way except by a competent demonstrator
of Botanical structure ; but the lessons will, under ordinary skill
and energy, serve at least for useful practice in drawing and
discrimination of plane outlines of vegetable growth, which is in
itself no bad beginning.
A handbook of the plants of Tasmania has also been published
daring the last year by the Rev. W. W. Spicer, MA. The list
of species is very useful, as placing before the reader a synoptical
view of the indigenous plants ; while the glossary, with its litho-
graphic illustrations, will be acceptable to young students of
botany. The author states that "with a view of facilitating study,
the descriptions are arranged on the branched or binary system,
first established by the French naturalist, Lamarc (sic). Under
this system, a series of salient characteristics is laid before the
reader in pairs, the members of each pair being as nearly as pos-
sible opposed in their terms, and each giving rise to a new pair
428 THE PBOCEEDIKOS or T
in lika maTiner oontratliotory. The choice of these contradictions
being left to the reader, he selects the member which applies
most nearly to his specimen, and then posses on to the neat pair.
It ia evident that, sooner or later, the several series of characters
mnsfc be exhausted, and the name of the plant arrived at. Al-
though there ia, no doubt, some convenience in this arrangement,
it ia open to grave objections, as nnt based upon natural dif-
ferences, which are generally multiple, or composed of several
concomitant variations, but upon single points, which may he
accidenlftl, or of little importance. Moreover, aa my friend Dr.
Woolla writes, " In a small genua or order, the dichotomoua split-
ting up of characteristics is little help, as one may just as well
look over short diagnoses ; but to find out the species in a large
genns, or a particular genus in a large order by the dichotomoua
method, ia often beset with the danger of being led astray by the
misnnderstanding of any solitary characteristic. The book is,
nevertheless, a valuable contribution to the botany of Tasmania,
and reflects credit on the zeal and ability of the author."
I must not, while speaking thus of Elementary Scientific Teach-
ing, omit to notice the " Physiography " of Professor Huxley,
■nhioh is a course of Lectures, forming an admirable example, not
indeed of a Manual, but'of a Method, and ia therefore to be re-
garded from the same point of view as other printed lectures. It
is, however, published in Macmillan's series of Manuala for Stu-
dents, and is, in all probability, already a Text-book in which
candidates are to prepare themselves for examination. These
charming sketches deserve a better fate than this abase, and
will be read with the greatest interest by all those who are
free to use their reason and imagination as the prime powers of
mind; and who are not under constraint or temptation to subju-
gate them to memory, their excellent servant but intolerable
master. Abont one fourth of the book is occupied by geological
inquiries depending mainly upon the Biological Sciences. The
rest ia concerned, chiefly, with Astronomical and Physical con-
siderations.
Among local works, the publication, which, upon various
grounds (irst attracts our attention, is the posthumous treatise by
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 429
the late Rev. W. B. Clarke, in which he recapitulates his views
and controversies upon the Geology of the Sedimentary Deposits
of New South Wales. This little book is illustrated with four
sections aud a map of a portion of the Illawarra and Hartley
coal-fields, embracing, therefore, a large portion of the Hawkes-
bury and Waianamatta beds, and enriched by no less than twenty-
appendices of great interest, and some (xiv. — xvi., xviii., xx.) of
the highest importance. It is a fourth edition, very much en-
larged, of a small memoir published in the catalogue of the Pro-
ducts of New South Wales, prepared for the Paris Exhibition of
1867 ; and, owing to its gradual formation, and what may be
termed its " concretionary structure," is not an easy writing to
decipher. Mr. Clarke, beginning with the lowest sedimentaries,
mentions the Pre-Silurian only to question their development in
Australia, so far as is at present known, being apparently inclined
to believe that the phenomena which have been supposed to
indicate them are merely the result of alteration by heat, pres-
sure, molecular movement, and other cosmical forces, to whose
operations he has given the general name of " transmutation."*
And no PalaBontological evidence has as yet been adduced for the
existence of any strata older than the Upper Silurian. Mr. C.
does not, of course, assert that these rocks do not exist, but that
it is impossible to determine them, without such a survey as alone
can ascertain the succession of XJnfossiliferous strata, except in
the lucky cases in which they happen to be caught in juxtapo-
sition. Our PalsBontology, therefore, for the present, commences
in the Upper Silurian epoch, when warm, shallow, and probably
much divided seas surrounding, or embayed by, districts of
igneous activity, occupied a large portion of the globe space of
Eastern Australia. These waters swarmed with such organisms
as we are accustomed to call Silurian, identical, in many cases
with well-known Northern species, and forcing upon the observer
the impression (which may, it must be admitted, prove illusory)
that they are upon the same Chronological as well as Biological
level. It is not as yet possible to subdivide the Australian beds
* It is as well to notice that Mr. C. was in tbe habit of confinlnR the use of the word
Metamorphism to the chnnges which have brought the special metamorphic rocks ol the
Old geology to their present condition, and substitttting in the case of all more recent bedn
the convenient term of Transmutation.
490 THB PBOCEEDHfOS OF THK LINNBiS SOCIETT
witli the accnracy which has been reached in the arrangement of
the Silurian and Devonian systems in Europe and America. Wo
can only assert that there appears to be an onbroken succession,
though probably in a much shallower and poorer development, of
the very same forma which htive been elsewhere determined.
The appendices xiv. — xvi,, contaiuing De Koninck's analysis of
the Silunan, Devonian, and Carboniferous fossils from New
South Walea, sufficiently warraot this statement, though the
geographical data are not exact enongh to localise the formations
precisely.*
Mr. Clarke has devoted some fifteen or sixteen pages to the
history of discovery in the Devonian beds of Aastralia during the
last dozen years, from the time (1861) when d'Archioo wrote that
he could not but suspect; that there must be a Devonian forma-
tion here, though it could not as yet bo asserted on PalEeontological
evidence, to the present year, in which we have seventy-two
Devonian species enumerated by De Koninck from New South
Wales, and sufficient evidence of a large development of the
series throughout Australia, New Caledonia, and New Zealand.
I may here also mention that the first discovery of an unrais-
tflkably Devonian fish in New South Wales is thus parentheti*
ciilly recorded :— " In March, 1S78, Mr. C. S. Wilkinson sent me
for comparison, a specimen of fossiliferous limestone from the
Murrumbidgee, not far from Taes, which contains a plate of a
Coccosieus, of a triangular shape, studded with tubercles of the
same form as those on a plate of M'Coy'a C. trigonaspis, bat
somewhat different, on the whole, from his figure." S. F., p. 18.
Some fifty pages are occupied, naturally enough, by the
old controversy as to the age of the New South Wales coalfields,
and thoughfullof most interesting observations and hints, are very
difficult, or indeed unintelligible, to the reader who is not familiar
with the history of this question. We cannot but regret that the
venerable aulhor had not here systemalised his unequalled
knowledge of this portion of our geology without reference to any
prist or present polemics. But tlie general conclusions at which
OF KBW SOUTH WALES. 431
0116 arrives as to his latest views, whicH are nowhere distinctly
formalated, and which require to be supplemented by Appendices
xviii and xx (in which latter he prints with few remarks Feist-
mantePs arrangement of the whole series from a Manuscript
Commnni cation), are somewhat as follows. The lowest beds of
the system, e.g., at Port Stephens, whether to be called Devonian
or Carboniferous, contain Lepidodendron, 2 sp., and Cyclostigma,
2 sp., Sigillaria, Schizopteris, and Olossopteris primoeva (Feist.).
These are succeeded by Marine beds fcill of Carboniferous fossils ;
and these again by the Lower Coal, characterised by (?) Lepido'
dendron australe, Macrotoeniopteris sp., and Olossopteris, 4s sp., in-
clading 0. Browniana and 0. primoeva. Upon this Lower Coal is
deposited a series — the last, so far as we yet know for certain —
of Marine beds, containing again Carboniferous forms in abun*
dance, as seen at Stony Creek, Greta, Mount Wingen, &a They
are succeeded by the Newcastle Coal Beds, represented also in
the Illawarra and Western fields, containing a PalsBozoic fish,
JJrosthenes, and a flora which most geologists have regarded as
Mesozoic* Two genersi—Phyllotheca (P. australis and P. racemosd)
and Vertehraria — represent the Rquisetum family. The Ferns
are represented by Sphenopteris lobifolia and 8. alata, Tceniopteris
sp,, Oiopteris ovata, Olossopteris Browniana, 0. reticulum, G,
oblongata, and Gavgamoptetis angustifolia. In Cycads we have
three species of Noeggerathia, N. spatulata, N, media, N. elongata,
and one of Zeugophyllites, The conifers appear by Brachy'
phyUwm australe.
Here Feistmantel, whose arrangement does not, however, quite
correspond with that now quoted, intercalates the Bacchus Marsh
sandstones of Victoria, related by their fossil Gangamopterids, to
the Talchir group, which underlies the Damuda coal-bearing
series of India, in which Olossopteris takes a leading position.
Bat so far as New South Wales is concerned, the next beds as-
certained are the Hawkesbury and Waianamatta rocks, which
cannot be separated from each other, and which yield three
* It is possible that there occurs at this period a repetition of marine beds. At least
Vx. Clarke says, p. 64:— "Between the Hawkesbury rocks and the ccal there is often a
series of bedsbelonKinf? to the coal measures in which Palaeozoic fossils are stated to have
becni found " Mr. Clarke was evidently doubtful as to the fact, which would, if ascertained,
\aef% triumphantly rindioated his arguments.
TBB PSOCBBDINQS C
genera of PalsBozoic Fish — Pnlceomtcas, Myrialepis, and OMthro-
HH LINKBAK 90CIBTY
a relatively recent fades.
rkyllolheea Bool-eri ; of the
= Thim'feldia odontnpleroides,
Waiaiin^natta ; but no Glos-
:ed by Eckiaoslrohve sp.
If.pig ; the Flora, as before, presenti
TbuB we have of the Equigetacea,
Ferns, 8pJien"pteris alala, Pecopter
O'loiitipieria, Ghickenia, Taniopten
Mpterii. The Conifers are represents
beda are regarded by Fei&tmantel (but not by Clarke) as probably
Upper Triaasic, while he considers the Clarence River Coal-beda
to be of a still later (Jurassic) period, corresponding with certain
strata in Ta'^roaDia, Victoria, and Qoeensland, and indicated by
the presence of J'hyltoiheca avstralie, along with these Feme,
Sphenoptert'g elongnta, Thirmfeldia odontopleroidee, Oyclaptetia cu-
neata, Taniopterie Dainireei and Sagenopieria Taamanica. With
tihese are associated three species of Zamites, and other less cer-
tain or important forma. Whatever gnps there may be, and
there may be very many, in the anccession, the System is never-
theless braced together by the Lepidodendrtt found beiow and
above the coal (p, 23), by the persistence of Piyllolkeca aughalit
upwards from the Lower Coal to the Clarence beds, by Sphenop-
teris alata aud Thiniifrldia odoiitvpieroides foand both in the New-
castle and Clarence Beds, by Odontopleris microphylla aud
Fecojderis tmiuifolla common to the Newcastle and Waiatiamatta
beds, by Gangamopteris angustifoUa in the Newcastle and Bacchus
llarah beds (app xx ), and by the general resemblance and con-
formity of the formations. Upon this head, that is, the Continuity
of the System, Mr. Clarke had no doubts.
It is cei tainly very strange, if true, that an unbroken, more or
less coal bearing, series of formations ahoald extend in these
regions from the Devonian to probably the Jurassic period. Tet
this in the conclusion to which the evidence now under coneidera-
tion seems to force us.*
The remainder of the " Sedimentary Formations " ia devoted to
observations upon the Oretaceo-!i3, 'Verliarij, Quaternary and Recent
formations of Aastralia. As, however, no marine strata later
than thiise underlying the Npivcaslle Coal have, as yet, been
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 433
shown to exist in New Sonth Wales, and as I have proposed to
confine my observations to those portions of the v^ork which
have a local interest for ourselves, I omit further reference to
this portion of the subject. Mr. Clarke moreover refers to a
distinguished member of this Society, the Rev. J. E. Tenison-
Woods, as in his opinion, the highest authority upon this portion
of Australian Geology. I must also add that I have only
endeavoured to give a sketch, not so much of the Geology of the
New South Wales Coal, as of the latest views entertained by
our deceased pioneer. It has not been easy to ascertain them
in all points exactly ; though a few minutes' conversation, now
unhappily impossible, might have removed some apparent diffi-
culties, as, for example, what he really had come to regard as the
right place of the Clarence Beds.* And though it may be true
that opinions, as such, on Scientific subjects, are not worthy of
record, yet the experienced and veteran observer often attains to
so intuitive a perception of his subject, that even his unargued
dicta are to be received with respect and consideration.
A well-constructed map of the Western Gold-fields, by Mr. C. S.
Wilkinson, F.G.S., has been issued during the past year under the
direction of the Department of Mines. It shows the geology of
Hartley, Bowenfels, Wallerawang, and Rydal, and the relations of
the Upper and Lower Carboniferous, Devonian, and, in part, Upper
Silurian formations, together with Granite, <&c., in that part of
the County of Cook which surrounds the western railway from
Hartley Yale to the county of Roxburgh. Mr. Clarke has borne
testimony to the general accuracy of the details, and the care-
fulness with which they have been expressed. Another geological
map, of the Oberon Mining District, has been published by the
same author, in the last Annual Report of the Department of
Mines, which also contains a reduced copy of the first. It is to be
hoped that these are but the forerunners of a series of authorita-
* The diffioulties whioh have hitherto obscured this subject, arising firnm the absence
of well marked marine formations above the Newcastle beds, are now in process of
•olution by the exploration and investigation of the rich fossiliferons strata of New Zetland,
whioh are probably contemporaneous with our Upper Coal. It is in that country that the
key is to be found ; and Dr. Hector is sanguine that he has it in his possession. But I do
not venture from such firasmentary knowledge as I have obtained of his discoveries, to
ttotioipate the detailed account which he has laid before the Institute, but which has not
yet naobed Sydney. It will certainly be received with the greatest interest.
i
434 THE PBOCBBDiNQB OV 1
tive Local Maps, which may, in advance of a ayat«matic surrey,
enpply inquirers with such information aa to the geology of each
district, as we have hitherto principally obtained from the obser-
vatioDB and industry of individuals.
Sir C- Wyville Thomson's first instalment of the voyage of the
Gballanger, thongli it does not bring ber into our waters, is, as
might be espected from so ingenious a hand, fall of fascinating
account* of marine forms of life, and decorat-ed with marvellous
illustrations, The author also read before the British Association
at Dublin, an account of the progress made in the official report
of the expedition. It is expected that it will extend "to
from fourteen to sixteen qnarto volumes, of 600 or 600 pages,
the whole illustrated by about 1200 lithographed plates, and
many charts, woodcnts, and photographs."
Iq the rapidly growing literature of Embryology and its
allied investigation a, which endeavour to trace the whole circle
of life in the individual or pair, from its earliest condition to the
reproduction of identical forms in a second generation, the stu-
dent will uot«, with satisfaction, Mr. Balfour's monograph on the
development of the Elasmobranch fishes. The more ao, that his
researches have been greatly assisted by the asBistance of the
great zoological station at Naples, under the direction of Dr.
Dohm, of which the members of this society have heard some-
thing from Baron de Miklucho Maclay, a co-operator in its fonU'
dation. Perhaps the most generally interesting result of Mr.
Balfour's inquiries is hia acceptance of the view that the pectoral
and ventral fins, and therefore the limbs of vertebrates in
general, are the result of a gathering together and specialization
of continuous Lateral frills, corresponding to those Dorsal and
Ventral processes which have, for the most part, more closely
retained their original character.
The literature bearing upon the Life History of Bacteria,
which has already attained no inconsiderable magnitude, is sum-
marised by Professor Ray Lankester (" Quarterly Journal of
Microscopical Science," October, 1878, p. 455), in a notice from
which students of this important subject will obtain directions to
the last published results. The history of Bacillus anthracis, the
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 435
active cause of splenic fever, together with the more general
question of Contagium Yivum, will be found discussed and illus-
trated in the same periodical. The extraordinary relations
between man and the musquito, as unconscious confederates in
the production of Elephantiasis, by means of the FUaria sanguis
hominisy are explained in a paper by Dr. Manson, published in
tihe "Annals and Magazine of Natural History," to which
reference has already been made. It seems not unlikely that
many other Endemic or local diseases will ultimately have their
origin explained in a similar way ; so that there is ground for a
hope that we may be enabled to extinguish them by removing
one of the two conditions under whose combination their living
causes can alone exist. Another Filaria (F. rhytopleuritis) was
found encysted in the common Cockroach as long ago as 1824,
by Deslongchamps, and M. Osman Galeb has lately found the
perfect or reproductive form of the same Nematoid in the intes-
tines of the common Rat (" Comptes Rendus," July, 1878, p. 75).
The ova, as discharged in the fsBces, are swallowed by the Cock-
roach, which, in its turn, is eaten by the Bat. So also the Black
Beetle (Tenehrio molitor), and the common Mouse combine to
support their mutual parasite, Sjpirojptera ohttua. In the same
way the Shrew, and one of the Ghilognathidm, a species of Gh-
9710m, maintain between them a certain Tapeworm (l^cenia pistillum)
whose history has been traced by M. A. Billop (" Comptes Ren-
dus," Nov. 19, 1877. p. 971).
Considering the amount of pain, sickness, and disaster caused
by such truly Amphibioiis animals, as Fluke, Hydatid, and Tape-
worm, one is surprised to find that the facts already ascertained
by Science should not be more generally known among educated
people. Their attention cannot be too frequently or too empha-
tically invited to the subject, which really concerns the health and
prosperiiy of the nation.
It may not be out of place here to mention that the first part
of the " Osteographie des Monotremes vivants et fossiles," by P.
Qervais, has now been published. The extreme isolation of the
fiunily, entirely Australian, and consisting of only two genera,
Omitharhynchus and EcTMna, and the extra-mammalian rela-
tions which are indicated by the whole of their organization,
render tbe work one of great prospective interest to all compara-
tive Anatomists, and especially to those who have the advantage
of atndying these animals " at home."
The address of ProTessor Virchow, on the Liberty of Science,
read before the meeting of the German Association at Munich in
September, 1S77, bnt not received here io time for notice in the
President's address la^t year, has naturally attracted much atten-
tion among thinking men. The dtstingoished aathor is evidently
nnder the saspicion that there may be some risk of an opinion
coming to prevaillhat the spread of science is incorsiafent witli
the interests of society, and under some apprehension that in such
a case the existing organizations of government may interfere (o
limit to a serioaa, if not fatal, extent the freedom of ecientiflc
research. Discerning this danger upon the horizon, and startled,
ae I gather from his own words, at the addresses delivered hy
Professors Hceckel and Nageli, he proceeds to draw a sharp de-
marcation between the Ascertained, which is Science, and the
Hypothetical, which may or may not become Ascertained, For
Science he claims perfect freedom, not only to stady, bnt to
[ teach, and, as it were, proselytize, by all the methods of a sden-
tiGo propaganda, in the school, the university, the public press.
But for the second kind of propositions, under which fall all dis-
puted questions, whether as to particulars or general theories, he
frankly surrenders all claim to such a right, illustrating and
explaining with much humour the detriment to both science and
society arising from an unwise ostentation of speculative views.
It is not to be supposed that Virchow is at all an advocate for
" mental reservation " in scientific utterance, or for a division of
science into Esoteric for the People, and Esoteric for the Professors,
But as he denies to society the right to interfere with science, so
he refuses to the teacher the right to press mere theories npon
the world; or, rather, he forbids him even to otter any Hypothesis,
except before an audience which can understand what a Hypo-
thesis is ; of what use it may he ; how almost certain it is to mis-
lead ; and that this particular statement is such a Hypothesis.
Were Virchow'a advice followed, there would be much less noise
OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 437
made, but more work done, in science. But so happy a result is
hardly to be expected. Scientific men, as well as others, have all,
or almost all, an unscientific comer or two still left in the mind, in
which personal vanity or petulant temper is dominant. Hence the
equanimity, cheerfulness, or even exultation, with which the Simial
origin of Man is flaunted before the eyes of those who regard
such a doctrine with incredulity, disgust, or horror. It is not
really a matter of Science which excites the combatants. It
belongs to a totally distinct sphere of thought. The radical
question which underlies all such strife is really this: Is the
universe all and particular the work of design or not ? And
this question Science, as such, cannot answer now, and never will
answer. Some of us cannot understand how it is possible for any
one to shut his eyes against what seems to us obvious, ubiquitous,
infinite, overwhelming evidence of Design. Evidence, I admit,
which can not even show itself in the cJosed lists of purely
Scientific Demonstration, but which nevertheless asserts itself as
oondusive in the region of -Esthetic, Moral, and Philosophical
Necessity. On the other hand, we have to accept the fact that
there are many of high rank in the Scientific World who profess,
a4 least, to believe the very oppoRite, who are never tired of pro-
claiming their emancipation from " gratuitous hypotheses " and
other superstitions, and who protest that there is no such thing
as that evidence to which we appeal, and ridicule our mediaeval
incapacity to grasp the Great Secret of an Unconscious, Chemical,
Mechanical Evolution, the true key to the Enigma of the Universe.
The kind of teaching, however, against which Yirchow mainly pro-
tests is the general propagation in schools, or by the press, of such
doctrines as these : — " A cell consists of small particles, and these
we call plastidules ; plastidules, however, are composed of carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, and are endowed with a special
Boul ; this soul is the product or the sum of the forces which the
chemical atoms possess." This is neither Science nor Gospel ; it
is Mumbojumbo. And if really great naturalists, who are con-
tinually face to face with the inquisition into, and cross-examina-
tion of, all facts that present themselves, can satisfy their minds
with such babbles, what may be expected from those who start
438 TEE FBocBKSiires ov thx likxeax society
from these oraclea as the basis of their knowledge, and arraoge
their ideas of fact in accordance therewith ?
With snch philoBophera tlie Doctrine of Descent is converted
into a sort of religion. It is destined, as Hierarch Hgeckel aays,
" to bring man to arrange his life with his fellow -creatures — that
is, the family and the State — not according to the laws of dis-
tant centnries, bnt according to the rational principles dednoed
&om knowledge of nature. Politics, morals, and the principles
of justice, which are still drawn from all possible sources, will
have to be formed in accordance with natural laws only. An ex-
istence worthy of man, which has been talked of for thousands of
years, will at length become a reality." To this end Religion as
now understood mast be eliminated. " The time has arrived to
replace the antique dualistic and theological conception of life
and spirit by the monistic or mechanical conception of the
, nniyerae. We have arrived at the boundaries of the old and new
faith." And, more distinctly still, " Modem morphology is irre-
ooncilable, not only, I say, with the dogma of creation, but with
that of a Providence, or (euew ?) of a vaguo idealistic Pantheism."
Here are Fruits of Philosophy indeed ! Bnt what argument can
be addressed to a philosopher who, with all his experience
and vast attainments, is nevertheless capable of prophesying thos
of the Theory of Descent, and who is eager to revolutionize the
School in order to reconstitute the State under such a tormnla.
And it is worth our while to consider for a moment, what
these "laws of nature," i.e., the Doctrine of Descent, signify in
the Hteokelian system. We may call a hypothetical statement a
law, if we please, but it mnst be definite. Every precise state-
ment in science which gives the formula for all consequents npon
given antecedents, antecedents on consequents, or concomitants
upon concomitants, is a law. The law binds nothing, lays no
obligation on matter, has (perhaps) no objective existence. But
it must be co-estensive with our knowledge, and include all the
known phenomena of its matter. And it should enable us not
only to explain these, hut also to foretel them, and that with accu-
racy and detail proportionate to its own sufficiency of truth.
Such a proposition as this, " The sum of tlie squares of the sum
OF NEW SOUTH WALKS. 439
and difference of two nnmbers is eqnal to twice the snm of their
squares," is not commonly called a law. Yet so far as the logical
value of the statement is concerned, it differs in nothing but rela*
tive certainty from this, ** Equal volumes of all substances, when
in the state of gas, and under like conditions, contain the same
number of molecules." And this in the same way differs only in
degree of probability from the following : — " One cubic inch of
• gas under one atmosphere and at the freezing point contains one
quadrillion* molecules." Or from this, "The mean velocity of
hydrogen molecules " under the same conditions " is 6097 feet
per second." These propositions may not be exactly true, but
they are definite, and therefore in the position of at least hypo-
thetical laws. But when Hasckel speaks of the laws of Inheri-
tance, of Established or Habitual Transmission, of Contemporaneous
or Homochronous Transmission, of Homotopic Transmission, of
Individual Adaptation, of Monstrous or Sudden Adaptation, of
Sexual Adaptation, of Indirect or Potential, or of Direct or
Actual Adaptation, one sees that he is giving the name of law to
a mere phrase. Here is the Law of Universal Adaptation : " All
organic individuals become unequal to one another in the course
of their life by adaptation to different conditions of life, although
the individuals of one and the same species remain mostly very
much alike." And this is, I believe, the most definite statement
of law which is to be found in HsBckel's " History of Creation."
I should be sorry to be supposed to be in any way pretending to
criticise the theory of Darwin, which is, to say the least, a most bril-
liant, attractive, and fruitful hypothesis, and is in all probability
true, under various limitations which remain as yet undetermined,
and in combination with that belief in Design which it is supposed
by many to contradict. But I protest against the presump-
tion that it is a full statement of all the causes producing the
amazing and overpowering variety, beauty, and utility of organic
structures, from the exquisitely delicate tracery of the diatom,
' which has only been detected by the most powerful instruments
which the science and ingenuity of the present day can invent, to
the prodigious complexity of the human system. " What a piece
• 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000.
ilO THE PBOCEBDlHeS OF THE LINNEiN
of work 18 man ! How noble in reason ! How infinite in faculty !
In form and moving how express and admirable ! In appreben-
aion, how like a god ! The beauty of the world! The paragon
of animals !" Tefc to the distempered mind of Hamlet all this is
but the " quiutesaence of dost," just as to the fanatical Darwinist
it is but a Chemical and Mechanical development of an Ape ; as
the Ape is of the Marsupial, b.s the Miiraupial is of the N'ewt, the
Newt of the Shark, the Shark of the Worm, and the Worm of a
mioroscoptc pellet of Autogenous Protoplasm. Nothing more,
but only this !
It is likely enough that for all their wild apeechas, the evoln-
tioniflts, like the positivists before them, do not really intend fa
work any organic change in society, or to injure its moral foun-
dations. Their self-satisfaction ia too contemptuous of humanity.
Bat we may be assured that to pasaionate »nd miserable
people, writhtTig under the merciless curb of political restraint,
and out of whom, when forcibly intermised with the crimina
classes, grow Interuatioualists, Socialists, and Nihilists, these
doctrines are no abstractioas, but most tremendoas realities.
They cannot, iu their pitiable circumstances, but grasp at any
straw that aeems to give a chauoe of a happier existence. And
they will act, while the professors are talking. Governments
which see this will, as a matter of course, interfere with the pro-
mulgation of those doctrines; and, as not even the most
enlightened among them is capable of drawing Virchow's line,
the just freedom of science will suffer for the vainglorious liber-
ties of the Scientists. If this so-called science threatens society,
society will play the mischief with science itself.
In recording the death of our venerable and distinguished
fellow-colonist, the Rev. W. B. Clarke, F.K.S,, F.B.G.S., Ac, I
have a melancholy satisfaction in bearing my personal testimony
to the wonderful kindness, I may almost say, eagerness, with
wliich he was always ready to assist the investigations of others,
in spite of frequent disappointmeats and unmerited slights. It
is unnecessary, in this place, and before this audience, to dwell
npon his lifelong devotion to science, and the services, which, by
his explorations and writings, he has rendered to this community,
OF KEW SOUTH WALES. 441
and to science in general. For forty years he was incessantly
engaged with the Geology of Australia, without, on that account,
neglecting the various duties which his profession involved. And
when at last, in his 81st year, that night came in which no man
can work, it found him adding, with a still busy and energetic
hand, the last touches to his last and scarcely completed labours.
It is understood that his valuable Library, and quite invaluable
collections, maps, and papers, are to be secured for the use of the
public of New South Wales. It will be difficult to display
them in any existing building, except, perhaps, the Australian
Museum, in which a space might possibly be cleared on the
second floor, for their separate exhibition. The Maps and
memoranda should be published, with all possible dispatch ; and
no time lost in editing. Their unavoidable imperfections are not
blemishes, and the monument, for such it is, ought to be com-
pleted before the memory of the man is effaced.
Although Mr. R. Daintree, C.M.G., F.G.S., was not, except in
one particular instance, directly connected with the Geology of
New Sonth Wales, yet his services, both in Victoria and Queens-
land, have proved of the very highest service to all the Australias.
In Victoria he was associated with Mr. Selwyn, then director of
the unfortunately interrupted Geological survey of that Colony,
in the investigation of the so-called Carbonaceous beds at Cape
Patterson and elsewhere. And in Queensland, where he was
appointed (1869) Government Geologist for the Northern dis-
trict, he not only, in the two or three years of his official employ-
ment, traversed vast tracts of hitherto unexplored country, but
was able to lay down, with a surprising amount of detail, a
general map of its Geology. Here he also obtained much
valuable data for the determination of that vexed question, the
age of the New South Wales coal, to which I have ah'eady
referred. Since 1871, he had not been resident in Australia ;
and his health, which had been much injured by exposure and
hardship Anally broke down altogether in the month of July last,
when he died at the early age of 47.
The death of Dr. Bleecker, the accomplished Ichthyologist,
whose magnificent work on the Fishes of the Indian Seas affords
i
i
Mi THE PBOCBEDINas OF THE LIHHEAII BOCIETT
most valuable asBistance in the stady of tbe Fishes of our waters,
as well as that of Pfeiffer, who had contributed largely to
the determination of the airbreathing Mollusca of Aoatralia and
the Doighbouring regions, must not pass without remark,
Mr, Carron, too, the last of the three who sorviTad poor Ken-
nedy's disastrous expedition, and well known for his extensive and
accnrato acquaintance with the Flora of Aastralia, as also for his
readioesB to impart to others his valuable stores of information,
has now been permanently removed by death from bia duties in
the Botanic Gardens.
In conclusion, I desire to espreaa my obligations to the Society
in general for the kindly feeling which has been alwaja manifested
towards myself thronghout the two years during which I have, how-
ever unworthily, occupied the Presidential chair. I have also to
thank the Hon. W. Macleay, M.L.C, for his examination of the
proceedings of Knglish and European Societies, and Dr. Woolls
for an abstract of Botanical progress, wifhoat which I could have
given but a brief notice of the subject, I should also once again
venture to call your attention to the desirabilily of re-establishing
onr system of open air studies, whether under the name of Field
Clnb, or other designation. There is no question as to its popu-
larity, and no donbt or hesitation in any ones mind as to its
excellent effect in stimulating the pnrsnit of Satural History.
On the motion of the Hon. W, Macleay, M.L.C, seconded by
tbe Kev. Dr. Forrest, the thanks of tbe meeting were accorded
to tbe author for tbe Address now read, and it was agreed that
it should be duly printed in the Proceedings of the Society.
The meeting then proceeded to the ordinary business of
the day.
Tbe Treasurer presented his Financial Statement, duly audited,
showing that the Receipta had amounted to £215 8s. 3d., and the
Disbursements to £200 lOs. Od,
OF KBW 80ITTH WALB8. 443
The followiog gentlemen were elected as the Officers of the
Society for the year 1879 : —
President— -'Rev. J. E. Tenison-Woods, F.L.S., F.G.S., etc.
Vtce-President — ^W. J. Stephens, Esq., M.A.
Hon, Treasurer — H. H. B. Bradley, Esq.
HoTL Secretary — ^Thb Hon. W. Macleat, M.L.O.
COUNCIL.
H. O. Alletne, Esq., M.D.
J. C. Cox, Esq., M.D.
E. P. BdMSAT, Esq., F.L.S.
James Norton, Esq.
P. Mackay, Esq.
C. S. Wilkinson, Esq., FGS.
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