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LIBRARY  OF  MARINE  BIOLOGICAL  LABORATORY 

WOODS  HOLE,  MASS. 


Loaned  by  American  Museum  of  Natural  History 


OF  THE 


ACADEMY  OF  NATURAL  SCIENCES 


OF  PHILADELPHIA 


VOL.  VI.  1852,  1853. 


PHILADELPHIA. 

PRINTED  FOR  THE  ACADEMY, 

By  Merrihew  &  Thompson,  Merchant  street,  above  Fourth, 

1854. 


> 


*iw. 

A  i>  W 


INDEX  TO  VOLUME  VI, 


Abell,  John,  deposit  in  museum,  lxiv. 

Abert,  Col.  J.  J.,  don.  to  lib.,  xxviii., 
xxxii.,  lxxiii. 

Acad.  C.  L.  C.  Nat.- Curiosorum,  don. 
to  lib.  xiv.,  xlix.,  lix„  lxxvi. 

Acad.  Nationale  des  Sci.  &c.  de  Lyon, 
don.  to  lib.  lxix. 

Adams,  Prof.  C.  B.,  don.  to  lib.,  xxxvi, 
xlviii. 

9  Agardh,  J.  G.,  don.  to  lib.,  xlv. 

Agassiz,  Prof.,  communication  from,  in 
relation  to  Cambarus  Gambelii,  375. 

Agnew,  Rev.  Win,  G.,  don.  to  mus. 
lxxv. 

Albany  Institute,  don.  to  lib.,  lvi. 

American  Academy  of  Arts  aod  Sci., 
don.  to  lib.,  lxix. 

American  Philosophical  Society,  don. 
to  lib.,  ix.,  xxv.,  lxxvi. 

American  Pomolog.  Society,  don.  to 
lib.,  xlix. 

Anatomical  Collection  of  the  late  Dr. 
S.  G.  Morton,  presented  by  members 
and  others,  lxiv. 

Annals  of  Science,  don.  of  by  Editor, 
lxv,  lxvi,  lxix,  lxxi,  lxxii,  lxxiii, 
lxxviii. 

Andrews,  Israel  D.,  don.  t»  lib.,  lxxvi. 

Ashmead,  Chas.  C.,  don.  to  mus.,  xxxv. 
lix. 

Ashmead,  Samuel,  don.  to  mus.,  xvi., 
xxxv.,  xliv.,  lxxii.  Remarks  on  a 
collection  of  Marine  Algae,  147. 

Audubon  and  Bachman,  description  of 
a  new  American  Fox,  114. 


Baird,  Prof.  S.  F.,  note  in  reference  to 
Vulpes  Utah,  124. 

Baird,  Prof,  and  C.  Girard,  on  the  cha¬ 
racters  of  some  new  Reptiles  in  the 
Museum  of  the  Smithsonian  Institu¬ 
tion,  68,  125,  173;  Descriptions  of 
new  species  of  Reptiles,  collected  by 
the  U.  S.  Expl.  Exp.,  Capt.  Wilkes, 
174,  420  ;  List  of  Reptiles  collected 
in  California  by  Dr.  J.  Le  Conte,  with 


descriptions  of  new  species,  300 ; 
Descriptions  of  some  new  Fishes  from 
the  River  Zuni,  368 ;  Description  of 
new  species  of  Fishes,  collected  by 
Mr.  John  H.  Clark,  on  the  U.  S  and 
Mexican  Boundary  Commission,  387; 
Description  of  new  species  ef  Fishes, 
collected  by  Capts.  Marcy  and  Mc¬ 
Clellan  in  Arkansas,  390. 

Bache,  Prof.  F.,  don.  to  lib.,  lxxviii. 

Bailey,  Prof.  J.  W.,  (see  Harvey.) 

Barry,  Rev.  A.  C.,don.  to  mus.,lxviii. 

Bathygnathus  borealis,  lower  jaw  of, 
presented  by  Dr.  Leidy,  Mr.  Lea  and 
W.  S.  Vaux,  lxxiv. 

Bischoff,  Dr.  G.  G..  don.  to  lib.,  xxxviii. 

Blagge,  Benj.,  don.  to  mus.,  xliv. 

Bland,  Thomas,  don.  to  lib.,  xlv. 

Boston  Soc.  of  Nat.  History,  don.  to  lib. 
by,  ii.,  vi.,  xi.,  xiv.,  xvii.,  xxviii., 
xxxiii.,  xlix.,  lvi.,  Iviii.,  lxvii.,  lxx. 

Botto,  G.  D.,  don.  to  lib.,  ii. 

Boue,  Dr.  Ami,  don.  to  lib.,  lxxvii. 
j  Brasier,  A.  J.,  don.  to  lib.,  lxvii. 

Bridges,  Dr.  R.,  don.  to  lib.,  xiv. 

Brown,  F.,  Jr.,  don.  to  mus.,  lxiv. 

Browne,  Peter  A.,  don.  to  lib.,  xxii. 

Budd,  Dr.  C.  H.,  don.  to  mus.,  viii.,xvi. 
xvii. 

Burtt,  Dr.,  U.  S.  N.,  don.  to  mus.,  i., 
viii.,  xvi.,  xvii.,  xxvii.,  xxxii. ;  don. 
to  lib.,  xxii.  ;  on  the  influence  of  Sul¬ 
phuretted  Hydrogen  arising  from  the 
Bay  of  Callao  on  Fishes  in  its  waters,  i. 

Butler,  Pierce,  don.  to  mus.,  liii. 

By-Laws,  amendments  to,  375,  403. 


Carson,  Prof.  Jos.,  don.  to  lib.,  xiv.  1. 

Carter,  Dr.  Charles,  don.  to  mus.,  lxiv. 

Cassin,  John,  don.  to  mus.,i. ;  remarks 
on  the  Birds  from  the  Arctic  regions, 
presented  by  Dr.  Kane,  107  ;  an¬ 
nouncement  of  Dr.  Heermann’s  re¬ 
turn  from  California,  147  ;  Descrip¬ 
tion  of  new  species  of  Birds  in  the 
collection  of  the  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  184  ; 


IV. 


INDEX. 


Catalogue  of  Halcyonidae,  188 ;  Re¬ 
marks  on  a  new  species  of  Scalops 
v  from  Oregon,  242  ;  Catalogue  of  Hi- 
rundinidae  in  Collection  of  Acad.  Nat. 
Sci.,  369  ;  Description  of  new  species 
of  Hirundinidae  and  Psittacidae,  in 
Collection  of  A.  N.  S.,  369  ;  Synop¬ 
sis  of  Falconidae  of  America  north  of 
Mexico,  450. 

Charleston  Med.  Journal  and  Review, 
don.  of,  by  Editors,  vii.,  xiv.,  xxx., 
xxxviii.,  1.,  lviii.,  lxvii.,  lxx.,  lxxii., 
lxxviii. 

Clapp,  Dr.  A.,  don.  to  lib.,  lxv. 

Clay,  Jos.  A.,  don.  to  mus.,  lxiv. 

Coates,  Dr.  B.  H.,  don.  to  mus.,  vii.; 
correction  of  an  error  in  Dr.  Smyth’s 
work  on  the  Unity  of  the  Human 
Races,  191. 

Cole,  Mrs.,  don.  to  lib.,  lxxviii. 

Committee  on  Proceedings,  Report  by, 

219. 

Committee  on  Mammalogy,  Report  by, 

220. 

Committee  to  communicate  with  Com. 
Perry,  in  relation  to  making  collec¬ 
tions  in  India,  by  the  U.  S.  Japan 
Exp.,  55. 

Committee  on  the  purchase  of  Dr.  Mor¬ 
ton’s  Anatomical  collection,  304. 

Committee  on  the  occasion  of  the  de¬ 
cease  of  J.  Price  Wetherill,  376. 

Committees,  Standing,  for  1852,  30 ;  for 
1853,  239. 

Committees  on  Scientific  Papers :  By 
Dr.  Wetherill;  Examination  of  Mo¬ 
lybdate  of  Lead,  from  Phcenixville, 
Penna.,  52  and  117;  Chemical  Inves¬ 
tigation  of  the  Honey  Ant,  107  ;  on 
the  food  of  the  Queen  Bee,  117;  on 
Mr.  Sumner’s  Analyses  of  the  Cotton 
Plant  and  Seed,  as  communicated  by 
Dr.  Wetherill,  195:  By  Mr.  Lea; 
description  of  a  new  species  of  Sym- 
phynote  Unio,  52;  description  of  a 
fossil  Saurian,  from  the  New  Red 
Sandstone  of  Penna.,  72  ;  on  some 
new  fossil  Molluscs  in  the  Carbonife¬ 
rous  Slates  of  Penna.,  72  ;  Descrip¬ 
tion  of  a  new  species  of  Eschara,  106; 
Notice  of  the  Mya  nodulosa  Wood, 
325  :  By  Col.  G.  A.  McCall :  descrip¬ 
tion  of  a  new  species  of  Carpodacus, 
56  :  By  Dr.  Woodhouse;  Description 
of  new  species  of  Vireo  and  Zonotri- 
chia,  56j  Description  of  a  new  species 
of  Lepus,  72  ;  of  a  new  species  of 
Ectopistes,  72  ;  Description  of  a  new 
species  of  Sciurus,  106  ;  description  of 
a  new  species  of  Numenius,  192  ;  new 


species  of  Geomys  and  Perognathus, 
195  ;  new  species  of  Struthus,  196  ;  a 
new  species  of  Dipodomys,  224 ;  a 
new  species  of  Hesperomys,  240:  By 
Dr.  Leconte ;  Remarks  on  Coleop- 
tera  from  Arkansas  and  New  Mexico, 
58;  Synopsis  of  the  Anthicites  of  the 
United  States,  71;  Synopsis  of  the 
species  of  Pterosticus,  107  ;  on  the 
Coccinellidae  of  the  U.  S.,  and  on  a 
new  species  of  Trombidium,  124;  no¬ 
tice  of  fossil  Dicotyles  from  Missouri, 
and  on  some  fossil  Pachyderms  from 
Illinois,  1  ;  Hints  towards  a  natural 
classification  of  the  family  Histrini,34; 
Synopsis  of  the  Parnidae  of  the  U.  S., 
34;  Synopsis  of  theJEucnemidse  of  tem¬ 
perate  N.  America,  34 ;  Description 
of  a  new  species  of  Sciurus,  147 ; 
Catalogue  of  Melyrides  of  the  U.  S., 
147  ;  Synopsis  of  the  Scydmaenida?  of 
the  U.  S.,  148;  Synopsis  of  the  genus 
Geomys  Raf.,  148  ;  description  of  20 
new  species  of  Coleoptera  of  the  U. 
S.,  223  ;  Synopsis  of  the  Silphales  of 
America  north  of  Mexico,  and  Synop¬ 
sis  of  the  Scaphidilia  of  the  U.  S., 
240;  Synopsis  of  the  species  of  Abrreus 
inhabiting  the  U.  S.,  241  ;  Synopsis 
of  the  Meloides  of  the  U.  S.,  and  Sy¬ 
nopsis  of  the  Endomychidas,  Rhipi- 
ceridae  and  Cyphonidae  of  the  U.  S.,' 
323  ;  Description  of  new  Coleoptera 
from  Texas,  438:  By  C.  Girard:  Ob¬ 
servations  on  N.  American  Astaci, 
58  ;  descriptions  of  new  Nemerteans 
and  Planarians  from  the  coast  of 
Carolina,  325  ;  Observations  on  the 
American  species  of  Esox,  and  note 
on  a  nest  constructed  by  Catfishes, 
377  ;  Researches  upon  Nemerteans 
and  Planarians,  434  :  By  Prof.  Baird 
and  C.  Girard;  On  new  Reptiles  in 
the  Museum  of  the  Smithsonian  In¬ 
stitution,  59,  117  and  148;  descrip¬ 
tion  of  new  Reptiles  collected  by  U. 
S.  Expl.  Exp.,  Capt.  Wilkes,  171; 
description  of  new  species  of  Reptiles 
from  California,  collected  by  Dr.  Le 
Conte,  241  ;  description  of  new  fishes 
from  the  River  Zuni,  326  ;  description 
of  Fishes  collected  in  Arkansas  by 
Capts.  Marcy  and  McClelland,  and 
descriptions  of  Fishes  collected  by 
Mr.  Clarke  oa  the  U.  S.  and  Mexican 
Boundary  Survey,  379:  By  Dr.  Hallo- 
well;  on  new  species  of  Reptiles  from 
Western  Africa,  58;  descriptions  of 
new  Reptiles  from  Oregon,  172  ;  on 
some  new  Reptiles  inhabiting  North 


INDEX. 


V. 


America,  172  ;  on  a  new  genus  and 
two  new  species  of  Reptiles  inhabit¬ 
ing  N.  America,  195  ;  on  anew  genus 
and  new  species  of  African  Serpents, 
198  ;  on  new  Reptiles  from  California, 
225  :  By  Prof.  Dana  ;  Crustacea  of 
Expl.  f  xp.,  59:  By  Dr.  Leidy; 
on  the  Osteology  of  the  head  of  the 
Hippopotamus,  &c.,  59;  description 
of  Bathygnathus  borealis,  438.  By 
Dr.  Owen  ;  notice  of  a  Mineral  from 
California,  72  :  By  Dr.  Genth ,  on 
some  minerals  which  accompany 
Gold  from  California,  107  ;  on  Rhodo- 
phyllite,  118;  on  a  probably  new  ele¬ 
ment  with  Iridosmene  and  Platinum 
from  California,  198  ;  on  a  new  va¬ 
riety  of  gray  Copper,  and  on  Uwenite, 
a  new  mineral,  241:  By  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Longstreth  :  on  the  impregnation 
of  the  eggs  of  the  Queen  Bee,  34: 
By  Mr.  Cassin  ;  Catalogue  of  Hal- 
cyonidae,  in  the  Collection  of  the 
Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  172;  on  new  species 
of  Birds  in  the  Collection  of  the  Aca¬ 
demy,  172  ;  description  of  a  new  spe¬ 
cies  of  Scalops  from  Oregon,  241 ; 
Catalogue  of  Hirundinidae  in  the  Col¬ 
lection  of  the  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  and  on 
new  species  of  Swallows  and  Parrots 
in  same  collection,  326  :  Synopsis  of 
the  Falconidae  of  America  north  of 
Mexico,  439:  By  Mr.  Tuomey  ;  des¬ 
criptions  of  fossil  shells  from  the  Ter¬ 
tiary  of  the  Southern  States,  192:  By 
Dr.  Heermann  ;  Notes  on  the  Birds 
of  California,  195 ;  Catalogue  of  the 
Oological  Collection  of  the  Acad.  Nat. 
Sci.,  241  :  By  Mr.  Conrad  ;  descrip¬ 
tion  of  new  fossil  shells  of  the  United 
States,  and  remarks  on  the  Tertiary 
Strata  of  St.  Domingo  and  of  Vicks¬ 
burg,  Miss.,  196  ;  Notes  on  Shells  and 
descriptions  of  new  species,  197  ;  Sy¬ 
nopsis  of  the  N.  American  Naiades, 
240 ;  description  of  a  new  species  of 
Unio,  315,  and  monograph  of  the  ge¬ 
nus  Fulgur,  315;  Monograph  of  the 
genus  Argonauta,  and  synopsis  of  the 
genus  Cassidula,  and  description  of  a 
new  genus  Athleta,  438  ;  omissions 
and  corrections  to  Synopsis  of  North 
American  Naiades,  438  :  By  Dr.  Hoy  ; 
descriptions  of  Owls  from  Wisconsin, 
197 ;  Notes  on  the  Ornithology  of 
Wisconsin,  240:  By  Major  Le  Conte  ; 
on  the  Vine's  of  N.  America,  395;  de¬ 
scription  of  a  new  species  of  Pa- 
cane  nut,  395  ;  description  of  three 
new  species  of  Arvicola,  &c.,  403  ; 


Observations  on  Crotalus  durissusand 
C.  adamanteus,  404  :  By  Dr.  F. 
Greene  ;  on  the  chemical  inves¬ 
tigation  of  the  remains  of  fossil 
Mammalia,  241:*  By  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Berkeley  and  Rev.  M.  A.  Curtis  ; 
on  the  Exotic  Fungi  from  the 
Schweinitz  Herbarium  in  the  Acad. 
Nat.  Sci.,  242  :  By  Lieut.  Maury  : 
Observations  on  Atmospheric  Pres¬ 
sure,  304  :  By  Prof.  Haldeman  ;  des¬ 
cription  of  new  species  of  Insects, 
325  :  By  Dr.  M.  C.  Read;’  Notes  on 
the  Birds  of  northern  Ohio,  395 :  By 
Professors  Harvey  and  Bailey ;  De¬ 
scription  of  new  species  of  Diato- 
maceae,  collected  by  U-  S.  Exploring 
Exp.,  Capt.  Wilkes,  430  :  By  Dr-  S. 
Weir  Mitchell ;  On  the  influence  of 
the  Respiration  on  the  Pulse,  435. 
Conrad, ^T.  A.,  don.  to  mus.,  x\ii.,xliv. 
Remarks  on  the  Tertiary  Strata  of 
St.  Domingo,  and  of  Vicksburg,  Miss., 
198;  Notes  on  Shells,  199,  320;  Sy¬ 
nopsis  of  the  Naiades  of  North  Ame¬ 
rica,  243 ;  Monograph  of  the  genus 
Fulgur,  316;  Synopsis  of  the  genus 
Cassidula  and  of  a  proposed  new  ge¬ 
nus  Athleta,  448  ;  Omissions  and  cor¬ 
rections  to  Synopsis  of  N.  A.  Naiades, 
449. 

Correspondents  elected. — 

Antisell,  Dr.  Thos.,  New  York,  171. 
Barry,  Rev.  A.  C.,  Wisconsin,  403. 
Dalton,  Dr.  H.  G.,  Dernerara,  124. 
Daniel,  Dr.  Wm.  F.,  Africa,  146. 

De  Candolle,  Prof.  Alphonse,  Geneva, 
324. 

Ford,  Dr.  H.  A.,  Africa.  56. 

Foster,  J.  W.,  New  York,  50. 

Fox,  Rev.  Charles,  Michigan,  403. 
Hartlaub,  Dr.  G.,  Bremen,  315. 
Hartmann,  Dr.  Wm.D.,  Westchester, 
Pa.,  373. 

Hoy,  Dr.  Philo  R.,  Wisconsin,  403. 
Kennedy,  Dr.  H.  W.,  Buenos  Ayres, 
195. 

Le  Conft,  Prof.  John,  Georgia,  458. 
Lynch,  Commander  Wm.  F.,  U.  S. 
N.,  146. 

Maury,  Lieut.  M.  F.,  U.  S.  N.,  239. 
Marsh,  Dexter,  Mass.,  146. 
Newberry,  Dr.  J.  S.,  Ohio,  403, 
Perley,M.H.,  St.  John’s,  N.  B-,  171. 
Porter,  Rev.  Thos.  G.,  Penna.,  394. 
Potter,  Rt.  Rev.  Alonzo,  Penna.  171. 
Schaum,  Dr.  H.,  Berlin,  315. 

Smith,  J.  Broome,  California,  195. 
Wagner,  Prof.  A.,  Munich,  315. 
Webber,  Dr.  Samuel,  N.  H.,  30. 


VI. 


INDEX. 


Whitney,  J.  D.,  New  York,  50. 
Cotting,  Dr.  B.  E.,  don.  to  lib.,  xlviii. 
Costa,  Achille,  don.  to  lib.,  lxviii. 
Cramer,  Charles,  don.  to  rnus.,  lxi. 
Creot,  Alfred,  don.  to  mus.,  lxxii. 
Curators,  Report  of,  for  1852,  218;  for 
1853,456.  _ 

Curtis,  Rev.  M.  At,  don.  to  mus.,xvii., 
don.  to  lib.,  v. 

Cuttle,  John,  don.  to  mus.,  i. 


Dalton,  Dr.  H.  G.,  don.  to  mus.,  xvii. 

Dana,  Prof.  J.  D.,  Conspectus  of  the 
Crustacea  of  the  Exploring  Expedi¬ 
tion,  Capt.  Wilkes,  73. 

Daniel,  Dr.  Wm.  F.,  don.  to  lib.,  xviii. 

Darlington,  Dr.  Wm.,  don.  to  lib., 
lxv. 

Daubree,  Wm.  A.,  don.  to  lib.,  xxiv. 

Dawson,  J.  W.,don.  to  mus.,  lxiv.,  don. 
to  lib,  lxviii. 

De  la  Berge,  M.,  don.  to  mus.,  xxxv. 

Delafield,  Dr.  E.,  don.  to  lib.,  lii. 

Dowler,  Dr.  B.,  don.  to  lib.,  xxx.  lxix. 

Durand,  Elias,  don.  to  lib.,  lii. 


Ecole  des  Mines,  don. by,  of  Annalesdes 
Mines,  ix.,  xxxi.,  lv.,  lxix.,  lxxxi. 
Edwards,  Amory,  don.  to  mus.,  vii. 
Edwards,  Mr.,  don.  to  mus.,  liii.,  lviii., 
lxviii. 

Elwyn,  Dr.  A.  L.,  don.  to  lib.  xiii. ; 

deposit  in  lib.  xxxvi. 

Engelmann,  Dr.  Geo.,  don.  to  mus. 
xliv.,  lxiv. 

Eschricht,  Dr.  D.  E.,  don. to  lib.  lxxvi. 


Fahnestock,  G.  W.,don.  to  mus.  xxxvi., 
xliv.,  liii. 

Faraday,  M.,  don.  to  lib.  xv.  - 

Fisher,  Dr.  J.  C.,  remarks  on  the  aurora 
borealis  51  ;  don.  to  lib.  vi. 

Fisher,  Thomas,  don.  to  mus.  i.,  xvii, 
xliv.  ;  don.  to  lib.  lxxiii. 

Flourens,  M.,don.  to  lib.  lxxviii. 

Ford,  Dr.  H.  A.,  don.  to  mus.  i.,  lxviii.; 
on  the  characteristics  of  the  Troglo¬ 
dytes  gorilla,  30. 

Foster,  J.  W.,  don.  to  lib.  1. 

Frazer,  Prof.,  don.  to  lib.  lxxii. 


or 

& 


the  MSS v of  the  late  Dr.  Gambel,  of 
his  last  overland  journey  to  Cali¬ 
fornia,  439. 

Geological  Society  of  London,  don.  to 
lib.,  ii.,  xiv.,  xxiii.,  xxiv.,  liv  ,  lxvii., 
lxix.,  lxxv. 

Geological  Society  of  Germany,  don.  to 
lib.,  lxxvi.,  lxxvii. 

Genth,  Dr.  F.  A.,  don.  to  mus.  xvii.  ; 
on  some  minerals  which  accompany 
gold  in  California,  113  ;  on  Stron- 
tiano-calcite,  114;  on  Rhodophyllite, 
121 ;  on  some  salts  of  Cobalt  and 
Ammonia,  147  ;  on  a  probably  new 
element  with  Iridosmine  and  Pla¬ 
tinum  from  California,  209  ;  on  a  new 
variety  of  Gray  Copper,  296;  on 
Owenite,  297, 

Germain,  L.  J.,  don.  to  rnus.  lxxii. 

Gibbes,Dr.  R.  W.,  don.  to  mus.  lxxiv.: 
don.  to  lib.  lxxii.;  letter  from,  pre¬ 
senting  an  aboriginal  cranium  from 
South  Carolina,  433. 

Gibbons,  Dr.,  don.  to  mus.  lix. 

Gilliams,  H.,  don.  to  mus.  viii. 

Gilliams,  J.,  don.  to  mus.  xxxvi. 

Gillou,  Constant,  don.  to  mus.,  liii. 

Girard,  Charles,  don.  to  lib.,  vi.,  xxx., 
lxxii.;  Revision  of  the  North  Ameri¬ 
can  Astaci,  87  ;  description  of  New 
Nemerteans  and  Planarians  from  the 
Carolina  Coast,  365  ;  observations  on 
a  species  of  Rana,  and  of  Bufo,  from 
Oregon,  378  ;  description  of  a  sup¬ 
posed  new  species  of  Salmo,  380  ;  re¬ 
marks  on  Professor  Agassiz’  commu- 
cation  on  Cambarus  Gambelii,  &c., 
380 ;  on  the  American  species  of 
Esox,  386;  on  a  nest  constructed  by 
Catfish es,  387. 

Gistl,Dr.  J.,  don.  to  lib.  xxx. 

Graham,  Col.  J.  D.,  don  to  lib.  lvi. 

Grant,  Wm.,  don.  to  mus.  xvii. 

Greene,  Dr.  F.  V.,  Chemical  investiga¬ 
tion  of  the  remains  of  fossil  Mam¬ 
malia,  292. 

Gries,  Wm.,  don.  to  lib.  xxiii. 

Grube,  Prof.  E.,  don.  to  lib.  lxxv. 


Haidinger,  Wm.,  don.  to  lib.  xlv.,xlvi. 

Haldeman,  Prof.  S.  S.,  don.  to  mus. 
xxvii.,  xxviii.,  lxiv.,  lxviii.;  don.  to 
lib.  xxiii. ;  remarks  on  some  albino 
specimens  of  Tamias  Lysteri,  198; 
description  of  new  species  of  insects, 
361 ;  proposition  to  change  Meloc par¬ 
vus  to  M.  parvulus,  404. 

Hallovvell,  Dr.  E.,  don.  to  mus.  lxxii., 


Gambel,  Mrs.,  letter  from,  presentin; 


INDEX. 


Yll. 


Ixxiv. ;  on  new  reptiles  from  Western  i 
Africa,  62  ;  on  some  new  reptiles  in¬ 
habiting  N.  America,  177  ;  on  new 
species  of  reptiles  from  Oregon,  182  ; 
on  a  new  genus  and  new  species  of 
African  Serpents,  203;  on  a  new 
genus  and  new  species  of  reptiles  in¬ 
habiting  N.  America,  206;  on  some 
new  reptiles  from  California,  236. 

Hanley,  M.,  don.  to  mus.  viii. 

Harris,  Edward,  don.  to  mus.  xvii. 

Harris,  Mr.,  don.  to  mus.  viii. 

Hartmann,  Dr.  Wm.  D.,  don.  to  mus.  i., 
viii.,  xxvii. ;  don.  to  lib.  lxii. 

Harvey,  Profs.  W.  H.,  &  J.  W.  Bailey, 
on  new  species  of  Diatomaceae,  col¬ 
lected  by  the  U.  S.  Exploring  Expe¬ 
dition,  Capt.  Wilkes,  430. 

Hayes,  Dr.  Isaac,  remarks  on  a  tooth 
of  the  fossil  Tapir,  53;  don.  to  mus. 
i.,  vii.,  lxviii. 

Henderson,  Dr.  A.,  don.  to  mus.  i.,  viii. 

Heermann,  Dr.  A.  L.,  don.  to  mus., 
xxviii.,  xxxv.,  xxxvi.,  xliv.,  liii., 
lviii.,  lxiv. ;  Catalogue  of  the  Oolo- 
gical  Collection  of  the  Acad.  Nat. 
Sci-,  313. 

Henry,  Dr.  T.  Charlton,  don.  to  mus., 
viii. 

Hiester,  Dr.,  don.  to  mus.  xvi. 

Hildreth,  Dr.  S.  P.,  don.  to  lib.,  lxxvi. 

Historical  Society  of  Penna.,  don.  to 
lib.,  Ixxiii. 

Histoire  Nat.,  &c.,  de  Pile  de  Cuba, 
don.  of  by  members,  xi.,  lxxxiii. 

Holmes,  Prof.  F.  S.,  don.  to  mus., 
xxxvi.,,  circular  from  124. 

Hoopes,  B.  H.,  don.  to  mus.,  xliv. 

Hooper,  John,  don.  to  lib.,  xiii. 

Hopkins,  Wm.,  don.  to  lib.,  xxiv. 

Horsfield,  Dr.  Thomas,  don.  to  lib., 
xxviii.,  lvi. 

Hoy,  Dr.  Philo  R.,  description  of  new 
Owls,  from  Wisconsin,  210;  Notes 
on  the  Ornithology  of  Wisconsin,  304, 
381,  425. 


Imperial  Geological  Institute  of  Vien¬ 
na,  don.  to  lib.,  lxv.,  lxxvii. 

Jackson,  Dr.  Charles  T.,  don.  to  lib., 
iii.,  1. 

Jackson,  Dr.  J.  B.  S.,  don.  to  lib.,  lxix. 

Janney,  Dr.  A.,  don.  to  mus.,  xvi. 

Jessup  A.,  don.  to  mus.,  xvi.,  lix..  lxiv. 

Journal  of  the  Indian  Archipelago  and 
Eastern  Asia,  don.  of  by  editors,  vii., 
xv.,  xxiv.,  xxxii.,  xxxvi.,  xlv.,  lviii., 
lxviii.,  lxix.,  Ixxv. 


Kane,  Dr.  E.  K.,  don.  to  mus.,  xvii., 
liii.,  lxviii.,  don.  to  lib.,  lxviii., 
lxxviii ;  announcement  by,  of  a  new 
Amer.  Arctic  Expedition,  in  search 
of  Sir  John  Franklin,  196. 

Keefer,  T.  C.,  don.  to  lib.,  lix. 

Kennedy,  Dr.  H.  W.,  don.  to  mus.. 
xxxvi.,  don.  to  lib.,  xl.,  xlii.,  xliv. 

Kern,  E.  L.,  don.  to  mus.,  viii. 

Kern,  R.  H.,  don.  to  mus.,  vii.,  xxvii. 

Kilvington,  Robert,  don.  to  mus.,  viii., 
xvii.,  xxvii. 

King,  Dr.  A.  T.,  don.  to  mus.,  lxiv. 

Kirtlanu,  Dr.  7.  P.,  don.  to  mus.,  xxvii., 
lxviii. 

Kneeland,  Dr.  S.,  Jr.,  don.  to  lib.,  lx. 

Krider,  John,  don.  to  mus.,  i.,  xvii., 
xxvii.,  lix.,  lxviii.,  Ixxv. 


Lambert,  John,  don.  to  mus.,  viii. 

Langstroth,  Rev.  L.  L.,  don.  to  lib., 
lxix. ;  on  the  Honey  Ant,  of  Mexico, 
71 ;  on  the  impregnation  of  the  eggs 
of  the  Queen  Bee,  49. 

Latham,  R.  T.,  don  to  lib.,  liii. 

Latour,  M.  Huguet,  don.  to  lib.,  liii., 
liv.,  lv.,  lviii.,  lxi.,  lxiv. 

Lawrence,  Geo.  N.,  don.  to  mus.  viii. 

Lea,  Isaac,  don.  to  mus.,  viii.,  xvii., 
Ixxv.,  don.  to  lib.,  vi.,  ix.,  xxii., ;  on 
Dipsas  plicatus  Leach,  53  ;  periodi¬ 
city  of  the  family  Unionidae,  54  ;  de¬ 
scription  of  a  new  species  of  Sym- 
phynote  Unio,  54;  definition  of  the 
term  (t  Species,”  57  ;  on  some  im¬ 
pressions  of  human  feet  in  sandstone, 
from  Illinois,  106 ;  on  some  shells 
from  the  Drift,  near  Philadelphia, 
106  ;  description  of  a  new  species  of 
Eschara,  109;  notice  ofMyanodulo- 
sa,  368 ;  on  the  Castalia  sulcata 
Krauss,  and  other  Naiades,  376;  on 
the  Mulleria  Ferussac,  Acostoea  D’- 
Orbigny,  435 ;  on  a  specimen  of 
Gneiss  bored  by  Pholas  dactylus,  438. 

Lea,  L.,  don.  to  lib.,  xviii. 

Leasure,  Dr.  D.,  don.  to  lib.,  xviii. 

Le  Conte,  Prof.  J.,  don.  to  lib.,  lxxvi. 

Le  Conte,  Major  John,  don.  to  mus., 
viii.,  xvii  ,  xxvii.,  liii.,  don.  to  lib., 
lvi. ;  enumeration  of  the  Vines  of  N. 
America,  269 ;  remarks  on  a  speci¬ 
men  of  Dipsas  plicatus  containing  ar¬ 
tificial  pearls,  326;  description  of  a 
new  species  of  Pacane  Nut,  402  ;  de¬ 
scription  of  nine  new  species  of  Arvi- 
cola,  with  remarks  on  other  North 
American  Rodents,  404 ;  observations 


Vlll. 


INDEX. 


on  the  so-called  Crotalus  durissus,  j 
and  C.  adamanteus  of  authors,  415. 

Le  Conte,  Dr.  John  L.,  don.  to  mus.,  | 
i.,  vii.,  viii.,  xvi.,  xxvii.,  xliv. ;  don.  ! 
to  lib.,  lxvi. ;  on  some  fossil  Suiline  j 
Pachyderms,  from  Illinois,  3  :  notice 
of  a  fossil  Dicotyles,  from  Missouri,  j 
5  ;  on  the  difference  between  primor-  j 
dial  and  introduced  races,  35 ;  on  a  j 
natural  classification  of  the  Hist.rini,  j 
36 ;  synopsis  of  the  Parnidae  of  the 
United  States,  41 ;  synopsis  of  the  j 
Eucuemides  of  temperate  N.  Ameri¬ 
ca,  45 ;  remarks  on  a  new  locality  ! 
for  Casteroides  Ohioensis,  53 ;  on ! 
some  fossil  Pachyderms,  from  Illi- 
nois,  56;  on  some  Coleoptera,  from 
Missouri  and  New  Mexico,  collected 
by  Dr.  Woodhouse,  65  ;  synopsis  of 
the  Anthicites  of  the  United  States, 
91;  on  the  Coccinellidae  of  the  U. 
States,  129 ;  description  of  a  new 
species  of  Trombidium,  145 ;  descrip¬ 
tion  of  a  new  species  of  Sciurus,  149; 
synopsis  of  the  Scydmaenidae  of  the  j 
United  States,  149;  attempt  at  a1 
synopsis  of  the  genus  Geomys  Raf.,  j 
157;  Catalogue  of  the  Melyridesofj 
the  United  States,  163;  remarks  on  J 
the  genus  Dipodomys,  224 ;  on  the 
Mexican  Ant,  225 ;  descriptions  of 
twenty  new  species  of  Coleoptera  in¬ 
habiting  the  United  States,  226 ; 
synopsis  of  the  Silphales  of  America, 
north  of  Mexico,  274 ;  synopsis  of  the 
species  of  Abraeus  inhabiting  the  U. 
States,  287 ;  remarks  on  the  speci¬ 
mens  of  Scalops  in  the  collection  of 
the  Academy,  326 ;  synopsis  of  the 
Meloides  of  the  U.  States,  328;  syn¬ 
opsis  of  the  Atopidae  Rhipiceridae  and 
Cyphonidae  of  the  United  States,  350; 
synopsis  of  the  Endomychidae  of  the 
United  States,  357 ;  description  of 
new  Coleoptera  from  Texas,  collect¬ 
ed  by  the  Mexican  Boundary  Com¬ 
mission,  439. 

Leidy,  Dr.  Joseph,  don.  to  mns.,  xxvii., 
lxviii.;  don.  to  lib.,  v.,  xviii.,  xxviii.,  | 
liv.,lv.,  lix.,  lxii.,  lxvii.;  remarks  on  a 
fossil  vertebra,  from  Ouachita,  La., 
52 ;  osteology  of  the  Hippopotamus, 
52,  53  ;  on  the  fossil  Tortoises,  from 
Nebraska,  59  ;  on  “  Red  Snow,”  from 
the  Arctic  regions,  59  ;  on  two  crania 
of  extinct  species  of  Ox,  71 ;  on  the 
Honey  Ant,  of  Mexico,  72  ;  reference 
to  a  fossil  tooth  of  a  Tapir,  106 ;  re¬ 
marks  on  the  fossil  Ox,  117  ;  remarks 
on  the  fossil  Edentata  of  N.  America, 


117  ;  remarks  on  some  fossil  teeth  of 
Rhinoceros,  from  Nebraska,  2  ;  on  a 
fossil  Turtle,  from  Nebraska,  34;  re¬ 
marks  on  a  fossil  Delphinus,  from  the 
Miocene  of  Virginia,  and  a  fossil  Cro- 
codilea*n  reptile,  from  New  Jersey, 
35 ;  remarks  on  Tapirus  Haysii,  148; 
remarks  on  various  fossil  teeth,  241 ; 
on  some  fossil  fragments  from  Nat¬ 
chez,  Miss.,  303  ;  observations  on  re¬ 
mains  of  extinct  Cetacea,  from  the 
green  sand  of  New  Jersey,  and  from 
South  Carolina  and  Virginia,  377 ; 
remarks  on  a  collection  of  fossil 
Mammalia  and  Chelonia,  from  the 
Mauvaises  Terres  of  Nebraska,  392; 
remarks  on  a  fragment  of  a  jaw  of  an 
extinct  Saurian,  from  Prince  Ed¬ 
ward’s  Island,  404 :  character  ex¬ 
plained  of  nodular  bodies  found  in  the 
tails  and  fins  of  fishes,  from  Cold 
Pond,  N.  H.,  433. 

Le  Gal,  E.,  don.  to  lib.,  xiv. 

Lepsius,  Dr.  R.,  don.  to  lib.,  xxxi. 
Letters  from  Individuals — 

Adams,  Com.,  U.  S.  N.,  71. 

Bache,  Prof.  A.  D.,  105. 

Baird,  Prof.  S.  F.,  438. 

Barry,  Rev.  C.,  433. 

Bischoff,  Dr.  G.  G.,  147. 

Blanding,  Dr.  Wm.,  240. 

Boue,  Dr.  M.,  435. 

Boyd,  Lieut.,  TJ.  S.,  125. 

Chambers,  Dr.  R.  C.,  241. 

Costa,  Sig.  Achille,  325. 

Cresson,  Prof.  J.  C.,  323. 

Curtis,  Rev.  M.  A.,  105. 

Daniel,  Dr.  Wm.  F.,  71. 

Davis,  J.  Barnard,  395. 

Dawson,  J.  W.,  325. 

Ducachet,  Rev.  Dr.,  71. 

Dunglison,  Dr.  R.,  240. 

Durand,  E.,  191. 

Edwards,  Amory,  52. 

Ehrlich,  Prof.,  125. 

Espinoza,  Signor  Juan,  324. 
Fahnestock,  G.  W.,  147. 

Ford,  Dr.  H.  A.,  375. 

Fox,  Rev.  Charles,  433. 

Frazer,  Prof.  J.  F.,  223. 

Gibbes,  Dr.  R.  VV.,  403. 

Gilman,  Charles,  438. 

Gibbons,  Dr.  H.,  304. 

Gistl,  Dr.  J.,  117. 

Grube,  Prof.  E.,  433. 

Haidinger,  Wm.,  189. 

Hamilton,  James  M.,  378. 

Hartlaub,  Dr.  G.,  325. 

Hoy,  Dr.  Philo  R.,  404. 

Kane,  Hon.  J.  K.,  438. 


INDEX, 


IX. 


Kennedy,  Hon.  J.  P.,  223. 

Kennedy,  Dr.  H.  W.,  196. 

Kirkbride,  Dr.  T.,  172. 

Kirtland,  Prof.  J.  P.,  117. 

Lapham,  J.  P.,  223. 

Laporte,  M.,  Sr.,  125. 

Lawson,  Thomas,  U.  S.  A.,  51. 

Lea,  Isaac,  325. 

Lepsius,  Prof.,  118. 

Marsh,  Dexter,  195. 

Maury,  Lieut.  U.  S.  N.,  304. 
Marston,  Com’r.  U.  S.  N.,  433. 
McCluney,  Capt.  U.  S.  N.,  59. 
Merrick,  S.  V.,  378. 

Miller,  Jacob  S.,  304, 

Moore,  Wm.  E.,  433. 

Ord,  George,  1. 

Paine,  Dr.  Martyn,  172. 

Peale,  T.  R.,  1. 

Perry,  Commodore,  U.  S.  N.,  58. 
Prescott,  Wm.  H.,  58. 

Potter,  Rt.  Rev.  Alonzo,  196. 
Ravenel,  H.  W.,  323. 

Retzius,  Prof.  A.,  71. 

Sheafer,  P.  W.,  323. 

Shumard,  Dr.  B.  F.,  1. 

Troschel,  Dr.  F.  H.,  56. 

Tschudi,  Dr.  J.  J.,  434. 

Wagner,  Dr.  433. 

Webber,  Dr.  Samuel,  51,  433. 

Wood,  Richard  D.,  375. 

Letters  from  Societies,  &c. — 

Acad.  C.  L.  C.  Nat.  Curiosorum,  192, 
240,  303,  433. 

Acad,  of  Sciences,  Belles  Lettres, 
&c.,  of  Lyons,  375. 

Advocates’  Library,  Edinburgh,  195. 
Agricultural  Soc.  of  Lyons,  375. 
Albany  Institute,  240. 

Amer.  Acad,  of  Arts  and  Sciences, 
107,  325. 

Amer.  Philosoph.  Soc.,  1,  51,  117, 
147,  240,  323, 326,  395,  433. 
Asiatic  Soc.  of  Bengal,  189. 

British  Museum,  53,  105,  189. 

Ecole  des  Mines,  303. 

Faculty  of  Harvard  University,  53. 
Geological  Soc.  of  London,  34,  107, 
223. 

Geolog.  Soc.  of  Germany,  403. 
Historical  Soc.  of  Penna.,  315,  404, 
435. 

Imperial  Geolog.  Institute  of  Vienna, 
323,  435. 

Leeds  Literary  &  Philosoph.  Society, 
172. 

Linnean  Soc.  of  London,  51,  124. 
Linnean  Soc.  of  Lyons,  375. 

Lyceum  of  Nat.  History  of  N.  York, 
58,  316,  403. 


Manchester  Library  &  Museum,  172. 
Naturwissen.  Verein  in  Hamburg, 
172. 

Naturwissen.  Verein  in  Halle,  195. 
New  York  State  Library,  1,  34,  72, 
107,  147,  172,  196,  240,  323,  325, 
395,  403. 

Royal  Acad,  of  Sci.  of  Brussels,  59, 

324. 

Royal  Acad,  of  Sci.  of  Naples,  56, 

325. 

Royal  Acad,  of  Sci.  of  Stockholm, 
34,  303,  435- 

Royal  Acad,  of  Sci.  of  Vienna,  56, 
189,  323,433,  435. 

Royal  Acad,  of  Sci.  of  Amsterdam, 
303,  381. 

Royal  Bavarian  Academy,  379,  433, 
437. 

Royal  Asiatic  Soc.  of  London,  240. 
Royal  Geograph.  Soc.  of  London,  241. 
Royal  Geograph.  Institute  of  Vienna, 
435. 

Royal  Mineralog.  Society  of  St.  Pe¬ 
tersburg,  403. 

Royal  Soc.  of  Sciences  of  Liege,  172. 
Smithsonian  Institution,  51,  71,  107, 
225,  303,  323,  434. 

Theological  Society  of  London,  172. 
Troy,  (N.  Y.)  Young  Men’s  Associ¬ 
ation,  303. 

Wurtemburg  Soc.  of  Sciences,  324, 
433. 

Zoological  and  Botanical  Soc.  of  Vi¬ 
enna,  437. 

Le  Vaillant,  Gen.,  don.  to  mus.,  xxxv. 
Lewis,  Dr.  F.  W.,  don.  to  mus.,  lviii. 
Lewis,  Dr,  Samuel,  don.  to  mus.,  xliv. 
Librarian,  Report  of  for  1852,  216;  for 
1853,  455. 

Linnean  Society  of  London,  don.  to  lib., 
xxxiii.,  lxxvi. 

Linnean  Soc.  of  Lyons,  don.  to  lib., 
lxix. 

Lyceum  of  Nat.  History  of  New  York, 
don,  to  lib.,  xxxii.,  xxxvi.,  Ixvii., 
Ixx.,  lxxiii. 

Lyell,  Sir  Charles,  don.  to  lib.,  xxxix. 
Lynch,  Commander  W.  F.,  don.  to  lib., 
xxxii. 


Mantell,  Gideon  A.,  don.  to  lib.,  xxxii. 

Marston,  Capt.,  U.  S.  N.,  don.  to  mus., 
lxxiv. 

Maury,  Lieut.  M.  F.,  observations  on 
atmospheric  pressure,  313. 

Maximilian,  Prince  de  Wied,  don.  to 
lib.,  xiii.,  lxix. 

2 


X. 


INDEX. 


McAndrew,  Mr.,  don.  to  mus.,  viii., 
xxxv. 

McCall,  Col.  G.  A.,  don.  to  mus.,  xliv., 
lxiv.;  on  Carpodacus  familiaris,  &c., 
61. 

McEuen,  Dr.  Thomas,  announcement 
by,  of  decease  of  J.  Price  Wetherill, 
376. 

Mears,  James,  don.  to  mus.,  lxiv. 
Meigs,  Dr.  C.  D.,  don  to  mus.,  xvi., 
lxiv.;  don.  to  lib.,  lxx.;  remarks  on 
the  structure  of  the  uterus  of  the  Por¬ 
poise,  316. 

Members  elected : — 

Agnew,  Wm.  G.  E.,  324. 

Allen,  J.  M.,  M.  D.,  70. 

Ashhurst,  Lewis  R.,  324. 

Benton,  Dr.  Charles  C.,  322. 

Biddle,  Henry  J.,  146. 

Biddle,  Dr.  John  B.,  458- 
Biddle,  Thomas,  324. 

Bischoff,  Dr.  G.,  124. 

Boiler,  Henry  J.,  70. 

Booth,  Prof.  J.  C.,  171. 

Brown,  David  S.,  324. 

Brown,  John  A.  324. 

Brown,  Joseph  D.,  324. 

Budd,  Dr.  C.  H.,  56. 

Buckley,  Edward  S.,  105. 

Bullitt,  John  C.,  376.  * 

Camac,  Dr.  Wm.,  70. 

Claghorn,  James  L.,  124. 

Collet,  Dr.  M.  W.,  171. 

Collins,  Percival,  403. 

Corse,  Dr.  James  M.,  195. 

Cresson,  Prof.  J.  C.,  322. 

Da  Costa,  Dr.  J.,  50. 

Draper,  Edmund,  324. 

Dunglison,  Dr.  R.,  239. 

Durand,  Elias,  70. 

Ducachet,  Rev.  Dr.,  70. 

Edwards,  Amory,  56. 

Emerson,  Dr.  G.,  394. 

Fahnestock,  G.  W.,  146. 

Farnum,  John,  324. 

Fisher,  Charles  Henry,  324. 

Fisher,  J.  Francis,  324. 

Gardette,  Dr.  E.  B.,  324. 

Genth,  Dr.  F.  A.,  70. 

Graff,  Frederick,  324. 

Greene,  Dr.  F.  A.,  171. 

Grigg,  John,  324. 

Griffith,  R.  E.,  171. 

Hallowell,  Morris  L.,  324. 

Hanson,  H.  Cooper,  302. 

Hewson,  Dr.  Addinell,  239. 
Hopkinson,  Dr.  Joseph,  50. 
Hutchinson,  J.  Pemberton,  324. 
Jeanes,  Joseph,  324. 

Keim,  George  M.,  124. 


Lang,  Dr.  Edmund,  322. 

Lea,  Joseph,  116. 

Lea,  Thomas  T.,  324. 

Lesley,  Peter,  373. 

Lewis,  A.  J.,  324. 

Lippincott,  Joshua  B.,  373. 

Lo^an,  Dr.  J.  Dickinson,  315. 
Meigs,  Dr.  J.  Aitken,  70. 

Meigs,  Dr.  J.  F.,  70. 

Mercer,  Singleton  A.,  324. 

Merrick,  Samuel  V.,  324. 

Meyers,  John  B.,  324. 

Mitchell,  Dr.  S.  Weir,  403. 

Morris,  Jacob  G.,  70. 

Page,  Dr.  Wm.  B.,  322. 

Pepper,  Henry,  324. 

Phillips,  Dr.  Dinwiddie  B.,  188. 
Platt,  William,  324. 

Price,  Richard,  324. 

Remington,  Thomas  P.,  324. 
Sanderson,  Edward  F.,  403. 

Schaffirt,  F.,  315. 

Seal,  Thomas  F.,  105. 

Sequard,  Dr.  E.  Brown,  146. 
Sharpless,  Caspar  W.,  30. 

Sheafer,  P.  W.,  345. 

Struthers,  William,  50. 

Swift,  Joseph,  324. 

Taggart,  Dr.  Wm.  H.,  322. 

Tingley,  Dr.  H.,  116. 

Trautwine,  J.  C.,  70. 

Welsh,  William,  324. 

Whelen,  Edward  S.,  373. 

Wood,  Richard  D.,  324. 

Wythes,  Rev.  Joseph  H.,  437. 
Yeager,  George,  70. 

Merrick,  John,  don.  to  lib.,  xi. ;  don. 
to  mus.,  lxxiv. 

Mitchell,  Dr.  J.  K.,  don.  to  lib.,  ii. 
Mitchell,  Dr.  S.  Weir,  on  the  influence 
of  some  states  of  Respiration  on  the 
Pulse,  435. 

Moore,  Isaac  W.,  don.  to  mus.,  viii. 
Morris,  Miss  M.,  don.  to  mus.,  Ixviii. 
Morton,  Mrs.  Dr.,  don.  to  mus.,  i. 
Morton,  Dr.  T.  G.,  don.  to  lib.,  Ixii. 


Naturwissenschaftliche  Yerein  in  Ham¬ 
burg,  don.  to  lib.,  xlii. 

Naturwissen.  Yerein  in  Halle,  don.  to 
lib.,  1. 

Newcomb,  Dr.  W.,  don.  to  lib.,  Ixviii. 
Norris,  0.  A.,  don.  to  mus.,  lxxiv. 


Officers  for  1853,221 ;  do.  for  1854,458. 
Oliver,  Dr.  Geo.  P.,  don.  to  mus.,  xliv. 


INDEX. 


XI. 


Owen,  Dr.  D.  D.,  don.  to  mus.,  xxvii., 
xliv. ;  don.  to  lib.,  liv. ;  remarks  on 
human  foot  prints  in  limestone,  106  ; 
notice  of  a  new  mineral  from  Cali¬ 
fornia,  108;  remarks  on  Fusilina  lime¬ 
stone  and  Tutenmergel,  118  ;  remarks 
on  his  geological  map  of  Wisconsin, 
Iowa  and  Minnesota,  189;  communi¬ 
cation  in  relation  to  his  description 
of  a  supposed  new  Earth,  379. 

Ord,  George,  don.  to  lib.,  ix.,  xix., 
xxii.,  xxviii.,  lix.,  lxiv. 


Page,  Geo.  W.,  don.  to  mus.,  lxiv. 

Paine,  Dr.  Martyn,  don.  to  lib.,  xl. 

Pearsall,  Robert,  don.  to  mus.,  vii. 

Peirce,  Jacob,  reference  to  a  Hybrid 
between  the  Peacock  and  Guinea 
Fowl,  50. 

Penna.  Farm  Journal,  don.  of,  by  Edi¬ 
tors,  ii.,  ix.,  xi.,  xiv. 

Perley,  M.  H.,  don.  to  lib.,  xxxiii. 

Peterson,  R.  E.,  don.  to  mus.,  xxviii. 

Phillips,  John,  don.  to  mus.,  viii.,  Ixxv. 

Piddington,  Henry,  don.  to  lib.,  lix* 

Powel,  Samuel,  don.  to  mus.,.  vii., 
xxxvi.,  lxxiv. 

Prescott,  Wm.  H.,  don.  to  lib.,  xiv. 

Proceedings,  Committee  on,  Report  by, 
219. 

Publication  Committee,  Reports  by,  28, 
238 ;  announcement  by,  of  publication 
of  Part  2,  Vol.  2,  new  series  of 
Journal,  29  ;  do.  of  Part  3,  225  ;  don. 
to  lib.,  vi. 


Quetelet,  M.  A.,  don.  to  lib.,  xv. 


Rand,  Dr.  B.  H.,  don.  to  mus.,  xxvii., 
lxiv.,  lxviii. ;  don.  to  lib.,  lv.,  lxvii. 

Ravenel,  H.  W.,  don.  to  mus.,  lxviii.  ; 
don.  to  lib.,  lxvi. 

Read,  Dr.  M.  C.,  Catalogue  of  the  Birds 
of  Northern  Ohio,  395. 

Recording  Secretary,  Report  of  for  1851, 
28;  do.  for  1852,  214  ;  do.  for  1853, 
453. 

Regents  of  the  University  of  State  of 
New  York;  don.  to  lib.,  lxi.,  lxix., 
Ixx. 

Reports  of  Committees  :  on  Dr.  Leidy’s 
paper  on  the  Hippopotamus,  70;  on 
Mr.  Lea’s  description  of  a  fossil  Sau¬ 
rian  from  the  new  Red  Sandstone  of  j 


Penna.,  and  on  some  new  fossil  Mol¬ 
luscs,  &c .,  105;  on  Dr.  Le  Conte’s 
Synopsis  of  genus  Pterostichus,  116  ; 
on  Dr.  Owen’s  description  of  a  new 
Mineral  and  a  new  Earth,  3  ;  on  Dr. 
Heermann’s  notices  of  California 
Birds,  197  ;  on  a  paper  by  the  Rev. 
Drs.  Berkeley  and  Curtis,  on  the 
Exotic  Fungi  from  the  Schweinitzian 
Herbarium,  302 ;  on  Mr.  Conrad’s 
description  of  a  new  species  of  Unio, 
316  ;  on  Mr.  Girard’s  “  Researches  on 
Nemerteans  and  Planarians,  435  ;  on 
Dr.  Leidy’s  description  of  Bathyg- 
nathus  borealis,  448 ;  on  Mr.  Conrad’s 
Monograph  of  Argonauta,  &c.,  448. 

Report  of  Committee  appointed  to  con¬ 
fer  with  Dr.  Kane  on  the  subject  of 
his  proposed  American  Arctic  Expe¬ 
dition,  196. 

Report  of  Committee  appointed  to  col¬ 
lect  subscriptions  for  enlarging  the 
Hall,  238. 

Report  of  Committee  appointed  to  pro¬ 
cure  funds  for  the  purchase  of  the 
Anatomical  Collection  of  the  late  Dr. 
S.  G.  Morton,  321. 

Resolutions ;  to  present  a  copy  of  the 
Proceedings  to  Dr.  H.  A.  Ford,  of 
Liberia,  55  ;  to  appoint  a  committee 
to  communicate  with  Com.  Perry  in 
relation  to  making  collections  in  In¬ 
dia  by  the  U.  S.  Expedition,  55  ;  of 
thanks  to  Major  Le  Conte  for  his  Her¬ 
barium  of  N.  A.  Plants,  58  ;  inviting 
the  State  Medical  Society  to  visit  the 
Museum,  105  ;  giving  to  subscribers 
of  $100,  and  upwards,  to  the  fund  for 
enlarging  the  Hall,  the  right  during 
life  to  visit  the  collections  and  give 
orders  of  admission  to  Museum,  28  ; 
directing  the  income  from  the  Stott 
legacy  to  be  applied  to  the  Journal 
fund,  30:  in  reference  to  Dr.  Ruseh- 
enberger’s  “Notice  of  the  Academy,” 
33  ;  appointing  a  Committee  to  confer 
with  Dr.  Kane  in  relation  to  his  pro¬ 
posed  Arctic  Expedition,  196;  urging 
upon  Congress  an  appropriation  for 
the  geological  survey  of  Oregon  and 
the  Mauvaises  Terres  of  Nebraska, 
239;  directing  a  special  meeting  of 
the  Academy  to  consider  the  expedi¬ 
ency  of  erecting  a  new  Hall,  321 ;  in 
relation  to  latter,  323  ;  of  thanks  to 
Chas.  Henry  Fisher  and  Thos.  Biddle, 
325;  of  thanks  to  W.  S.  Yaux,  Dr. 
C.  D.  Meigs  and  John  Cooke,  324  ; 
in  reference  to  the  decease  of  J.  Price 
Wetherill,376  ;  granting  the  privilege 


x;i. 


INDEX. 


of  endorsing  tickets  of  admission  to 
Museum  to  Mrs.  Maria  K.  Wetherill, 
457. 

Retzius,  Prof.  A.,  don.  to  lib.,  xix. 

Richardson,  Dr.  John,  don.  to  lib.,  xix. 

Riddell,  Dr.  J.  L.,  don.  to  lib.,  xxxii. 

Roberts,  Percival,  don.  to  mus.,  viii. 

Robinson,  John,  don.  to  mus.,  xxvii. 

Robinson,  Ludlow,  don.  to  mu*.,  xxviii. 

Royal  Acad,  of  Sciences  of  Brussels, 
don.  to  lib.,  xv.,  lxvi. 

Royal  Acad,  of  Sci.  of  Liege,  don.  to 
lib.,  lxxvii. 

Royal  Acad,  of  Sci.  of  Madrid,  don.  to 
lib.,  Ixx. 

Royal  Acad  of  Sci.  of  Stockholm,  don. 
to  lib.,  lix. 

Royal  Acad,  of  Sci.  of  Vienna,  don.  to 
lib.,  x i i i . ,  xlv. 

Royal  Bavarian  Academy,  don.  to  lib., 
lxix.,  Ixxi.,  lxxvi. 

Royal  Mineralog.  Soc.  of  St.  Peters¬ 
burg,  Ixxiii. 

Royal  Saxon  Soc.  of  Sciences,  don.  to 
lib.,  lxxvii. 

Royal  Soc.  of  Edinburgh,  don.  to  lib., 
vi.,  Ixxv. 

Ruschenberger,  Dr.  W.  S.,  ({  Notice  of 
the  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  of  Philada.,”  read 
by,  33 ;  don.  to  mus.,  i..  xliv.,  liii., 
Ixx. 


Say,  Mrs.  Lucy  W.,  don.  to  mus.,  xxvii. 
Saussure,  H.  F.  de,  don.  to  lib.,  lvi. 
Senseny,  Dr.,  don.  to  mus.,  xliv. 
Sergeant,  J.  D.,  don.  to  mus.,  viii.,  xliv. 
Sharpless,  Dr.,  don.  to  mus.,  i. 

Sheafer,  P.  W;,  don.  to  lib.,  xlii. 
Shumard,  Dr.,  don.  to  mus.,  xxxvi. 
Silliman’s  Journal,  don.  of,  by  Editors, 

11.,  ix.,  xviii.,  xxviii.,  xxxvi.,  xlv., 

1111.,  lx.,  Ixiv.,  lxix.,’  lxxii.,  lxxvi. 
Smith,  Aubrey  H.,  don.  to  mus.,  xvii., 

xxxvi. 

Smith,  Charles  E.,  don.  to  mus.,  xxxv., 
don.  to  lib.,  xviii.,  xlvi.,  lxiii. 
Smithsonian  Institution,  don.  to  mus., 
lxxiv. ;  don.  to  lib.,  xxviii.,  lvi.,  lix., 
lxii.,  lxviii.,  lxix. 

Societe  d’Agriculture  du  Bas-Canada, 
don.  to  lib.,  vii.,  ix.,  xiv.,  xxii., 
xxviii.,  xxxii.,  xxxix.,  liii. 

Society  of  Arts,  & c.,  of  London,  don.  to 
lib.,  lxiii.,  lxv.,  lxvii.,  lxix.,  Ixx., 
lxxvi.,  lxxviii.,  lxxx. 

Societe  de  Physique  et  d’Hist.  Nat.  de 
Geneve,  don.  to  lib.,  xlvi. 

Societe  des  Sciences  de  Neufchatel,  don. 
to  lib.,  lxvi. 


Societe  Nat.  des  Sciences  de  Lille,  don. 
to  lib.,  xxxii. 

Societe  Nationale  d’Agriculture,  &c., 
de  Lyon,  don.  to  lib.;  lxix. 

Societa  Reale  Borbonica  Academia  delle 
Scienze,  don.  to  lib.,  lxvii. 

Societe  Royale  des  Sciences  de  Liege, 
don.  to  lib.,  xlii. 

Spackman,  Dr.  Geo.,  don.  to  mus., 
xxxv. 

Squier,  E.  Geo.  don.  to  lib.,  xlvi. 

Stansbury,  Capt.  Howard,  don.  to  lib., 
xxxiv. 

Stewardson,  Dr.  T.,  don.  to  mus.,  xvii. 

Storer,  Dr.  D.  H.,  don.  to  lib.,  lxvi. 

Strickland,  H.  E.,  don.  to  lib.,  xxiv., 
xxxviii.,  xlix. 

Struthers,  Wm.,  don.  to  mus.,  xvii. 


Taylor,  J.,  don.  to  mus.,  liii. 

Thomas.  Dr.  R.  P.,  don.  to  mus.,  lxxii. 

Trautwine,  J.  C.,  don.  to  mus.,  xliv. 

Troschel,  Dr.  F.  H.,  don.  to  lib.,  xiv., 
lxvi. 

Trustees  of  New  York  State  Library, 
don.  to  lib.,  xxiii.,  lxi. 

Tschudi,  Dr.  J.  J.,  don.  to  lib.,  lxxvii., 

Tuomey,  M.,  description  of  fossil  shells 
from  the  Tertiary  of  the  Southern 
States,  192. 

Turnbull,  Dr.  L.,  don.  to  lib.,  xlv. 


[JpdegrafF,  Dr.  J.  J.,  don.  to  mus.,  vii. 
U.  S.  Departments,  don.  to  mus.,  xxxv., 
lx.,  Ixxiii.,  lxxviii.;  don.  to  lib., 
xxii.,  xxviii. 


Yaux,  William  S.,  don.  to  mus.,  xxxvi., 
lxviii. 

Verreaux,  M.  Jules,  don.  to  mus.,  viii., 
xxxv. 

Virginia  Med.  and  Surg.  Journal,  don. 
of,  by  Editors,  lxvii.,  lxix.,  Ixxi., 
lxxii.,  Ixxiii.,  lxxviii. 


Warren,  Dr.  J.  C.,  don.,  to  mus.,lxxv. 

Watmough,  J.  H.,  U.  S.  N.,  don.  to 
mus.,  xxxvi. 

Watson,  J.  G.,  don.  to  mus.,  xvi. 

Watson,  Dr.  G.,  don.  to  mus.,  xxvii., 

liii.,  lix.,  lxviii.,  Ixxv. 

Watson,  Lieut.,  U.  S.  N.,  don.  to  mus., 
lix. 


INDEX. 


Xlll. 


Webber,  Dr.  Samuel,  note  from,  accom¬ 
panying  fresh  water  fishes  containing 
nodular  bodies  embedded  in  the  fins 
and  tail,  118  ;  don.  to  mus.,  lxxii. 

Wells,  D.  A.,  don.  to  lib.,  xvii. 

Western  Acad.  Nat.  Sciences,  don.  to 
lib.,  lvi. 

Wetherill,  J.  Price,  don.  to  mus.  i.  ^an¬ 
nouncement  of  decease  of  by  Dr.  Mc- 
Euen,  376, 

Wetherill,  Dr.  Charles  M.,don.  to  mus., 
xxvii. ;  don,  to  lib.,  lxvi.,  lxix., 
lxxvii.  ;  examination  of  Molybdate  of 
Lead  from  Phcenixville,  Pa.,  55,  119; 
Chem.  investigation  of  the  Honey 
Ant,  111;  Chemical  examination  of 
the  food  of  the  Queen  Bee,  119 ;  ana¬ 
lysis  of  the  Cotton  Plant  and  Seed, 
by  T.  L.  Sumner,  communicated  by 
Dr.  Wetherill,  212  ;  remarks  on  iron 
crystallized  from  slag,  434. 

Wheatley,  Chas.  M.,  don.  to  mus., 
xxxvi.,  liii.,  lix. 

Whitall,  Mrs.  M.,  don.  to  lib.,  xl. 

Williams,  Henry  J.,  don.  to  lib.,  lxviii. 

Wilson,  Dr.T.  B.,  don.  to  mus.,  i.,  vii., 
viii.,  xxxvi.,  xliv.,  lxviii. ;  don.  to 
lib.,  ii.,  iii.,  vi.,  vii.,  ix.,  x.,  xi.,  xiv., 
xv.,  xvi.,  xviii.,  xix.,  xxii,,  xxiii. 
xxiv.,  xxviii.,  xxxi;,  xxxii.,  xxxiii., 
xxxvi.,  xxxvii.,  xxxviii.,  xxxix.,  xli., 
xlii.,  xlv.,  xlvii.,  xlviii.,  xlix.,  li., 
liv.,  lv.,  lvi.,  lviii.,  lix.,  lxi.,  lxi;., 
lxiii.,  lxv.  lxvi.,  lxvii.,  lxix.,  lxx., 
Ixxi.,  lxxii.,  lxxiii.,  lxxvi.,  lxxvii., 
Ixxviii. 

Wilson,  Edward,  don.  to  mus.,  xxvii., 
xxviii.,  xxxv.,  xxxvi.,  xliv.  ;  don.  to 
lib.,  ii. ,  iii.,  iv.,  v.,  vi.,  xi.,  xii.,  xiii., 
xviii.,  xix.,  xx.,  xxi.  xxii.,  xxiv., 


xxv,  xxvi.,  xxvii.,  xxviii.,  xxix., 
xxx.,  xxxi.,  xxxiii.,  xxxiv.,  xxxv., 
xxxvii.,  xxxviii.,  xxxix.,  xl.,  xli.. 
xlii.,  xliii.,  xlv.,  xlvi.,  xlvii.,  xlviii., 
xlix.,  1.,  li.,  Iii.,  liii.,  liv.,  lv.,  lvi., 
1  vii .,  lviii.,  lix.,  lxi.,  lxii.,  lxiii.,  lxv., 
lxvi.,  lxx.,  Ixxi.,  lxxiii.,  Ixxiv. 

Winthrop,  Mr.,  don.  to  mus.,  lxviii. 

Wisconsin  Nat.  Hist.  Society,  don.  to 
mus.,  Ixxv. 

Wistar,  Dr.  Caspar,  don.  to  mus.  i. 

Wood,  Prof.  Geo.  B.,  don.  to  lib.,  lx. 

Wood,  Wm.,  don.  to  mus.,  xvi.,  liii., 
lviii.,  lix. 

Woodhouse,  Dr.  Samuel  W.,  don  to 
mus.,  viii.,  xxvii.,  xliv. ;  on  new  spe¬ 
cies  of  Yireo  and  Zonotrichia,  60  ; 
description  of  a  new  species  of  Ecto- 
pistes,  104  ;  description  of  a  new  spe¬ 
cies  ofSciurus,  110;  description  of  a 
new  species  of  Numenius,  194;  des¬ 
cription  of  a  new  species  of  Perog- 
nathus,  200  ;  description  of  a  new 
species  of  Geomys,  201  ;  description 
of  a  new  species  of  Struthus,  202  ; 
change  of  name  of  Sciurus  dorsalis  to 
S.  Aberti,  220  ;  description  of  a  new 
species  of  Hesperomys,  242. 

Wurtemberg  Society  of  Sciences,  don. 
to  lib.,  lxvi.,  lxxvi. 


Yarnall,  Ellis,  Jr.,  don.  to  mus.,  lxxii. 


Zoological  and  Botanical  Society  of  Vi¬ 
enna,  don.  to  lib.,  Ixxviii. 


K  H 


t  ' 


ERRATA  IN  VOL.  VI. 


Page  2,  line  4  from  bottom,  for  of  read  and. 

££  3,  ££  13  ££  top,  for  Cretacean  read  Cetacean. 

££  33,  ££  13  and  20  from  bottom,  for  Nipongue  read  Mpongue. 

££  36,  ££  26  from  top,  for  undeniable  read  undeniably . 

cc  40,  ££  19  ££  bottom,  for  interstialis  read  inter stitialis. 

££  45,  <£  5  ££  top,  for  thorace  read  thorax. 

‘£  46,  £<  18  ££  bottom,  for  simplicibus  read  fulcrantibus . 

“  48,  in  division  (b)  of  Eucnemis,  for  serratcc  read  pectinatcc. 

66,  ££  10  from  top,  for  is  read  are. 

££  114,  ££  2  “  bottom,  for  fulvis  read  fulvus. 

££  141,  “  9  ££  bottom,  for  generus  read  genus. 

ee  149,  in  note  (f)  for  fr  read  fur. 

£c  150,  the  three  lines  of  the  diagnosis  of  Cephennium  corporosum  have  lost 
the  initial  letters :  to  the  first  add  1,  to  the  second  pi,  to  the  third  a. 
££  171,  line  2  from  bottom,  for  Africa. read  America . 

££  174,  “  22  ££  top,  for  inferior  read  anterior. 

“  180,  for  Homolosaurus  read  Homalosaurus. 

££  181,  for  Pituophis  read  Pityophis. 

“  229,  line  21  from  top,  for  Anchytursus  read  Anchy tarsus. 

<£  ££  ££  40  <£  top,  for  picea  read  brunneus . 

££  231,  after  Tostegoptera,  for  Edwards  read  Blanchard. 
t£  241,  line  15  from  top,  for  Enbradys  read  Eubradys. 

“  302,  line  13  from  top,  for  1859  read  1849. 


cc 

327, 

(( 

31 

cc 

top,  for  Iceniata  read  tceniata. 

cc 

329, 

cc 

22 

cc 

top,  for  parvus  read  parvulus ,  vide  p. 

cc 

cc 

cc 

26 

cc 

top,  for  Fern  read  Kern. 

cc 

337, 

c< 

31 

cc 

top,  for  Fauna  read  Farinas. 

cc 

368, 

cc 

12 

cc 

top,  for  Traiinfeld  read  Fraunfeld. 

cc 

cc 

Cc 

29 

cc 

top,  for  truncates  read  truncatus. 

“  377,  top  line,  for - read  and. 

<(  376,  line  17  from  bottom,  for  Prisidon  read  Prisodon. 

“  403,  ((  2  £<  bottom,  for  Lyceum  read  State  Library . 

££  439,  ££  17  ££  bottom,  for  Agryppus  read  Agrypmis. 

“  454,  ££  9  <£  bottom,  for  Endomochydcc  read  Endomychidce. 

“  lxviii,  line  22  from  bottom,  add  Mr.  T.  A.  Conrad . 

££  lxxiv,  line  17  from  top,  for  Vorselemque  read  Vorlesungen. 


The  following  omissions  of  donations  to  the  Library,  August  10th,  1852,  oc¬ 
curred  at  page  xxxiii : 

Description  of  a  Skeleton  of  the  Mastodon  giganteus,  of  North  America.  By 
John  C.  Warren,  M.  D.  4to.  From  the  Author. 

Exploration  and  Survey  of  the  Valley  of  the  Great  Salt  Lake  of  Utah.  By 
Howard  Stansbury,  Capt.  U.  S.  Topograph.  Eng.  8vo.  and  map.  From  Col.  J. 
J.  Abert. 

Experimental  Researches  in  Electricity,  29th  series.  By  Michael  Faraday, 
Esq.  From  the  Author. 

On  the  Physical  Character  of  the  Lines  of  Magnetic  Force.  By  Michael  Far¬ 
aday,  Esq.  From  the  Author. 

Zoology  of  the  Great  Salt  Lake  of  Utah,  (extracted  from  Capt.  Stansbury’s 
Report.)  From  Prof.  S.  F.  Baird. 

Geognostische  Wanderungen  im  Gebiete  der  nordostlichen  Alpen.  Yon  Carl 
Ehrlich.  From  the  Author. 

Ueber  die  nordostlichen  Alpen.  Yon  Cafl  Ehrlich.  From  the  Author. 


PROCEEDINGS 


OP  THE 

ACADEMY  OF  NATURAL  SCIENCES 

OF  PHILADELPHIA. 


January  6th}  1852. 

The  President,  Mr.  George  Ord,  in  the  Chair. 

Letters  were  read : 

.  From  Dr.  Benjamin  F.  Shumard,  dated  Oregon  City,  Nov.  18th,  1851, 
giving  a  brief  account  of  his  geological  observations  in  Oregon  Territory. 

From  the  Secretary  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society,  dated 
Philadelphia,  Dec.  19th,  1851,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  various  Nos. 
of  Yols.  4  and  5  of  the  Proceedings,  furnished  by  request  to  complete  the 
series  of  the  same  in  the  Library  of  that  Society. 

From  the  Secretary  of  the  Trustees  of  the  New  York  State  Library, 
dated  Albany,  Dec.  26th,  1851,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  late  Nos. 
of  the  Proceedings,  &c. 

From  T.  R.  Peale  Esq.,  dated  Washington,  D.  C.,  Dec.  26th,  1851, 
suggesting  the  propriety  of  taking  measures  at  this  time  to  dispose  of  the 
collection  of  French  Political  Documents  belonging  to  the  Academy,  to 
Congress. 

From  George  Ord,  Esq.,  dated  Philadelphia,  Jan.  1st,  1852,  presenting 
his  acknowledgments  for  his  election  as  President  of  the  Institution. 

“  Dr.  Leidy  read  a  continuation  of  Mr.  Dana’s  paper  on  the  Crustacea 
of  the  late  U.  S.  Exploring  Expedition,  which  was  on  motion  referred  to 
the  Committee  on  the  former  portions  of  the  paper. 

Dr.  Leconte  read  a  paper  entitled  i(  Notice  of  fossil  Dicotyles  from 
Missouri,”  and  also  a  “Notice  of  some  fossil  Pachyderms  from  Illinois; 
both  of  which  being  intended  for  publication  in  the  Proceedings,  were 
referred  to  Dr.  Leidy,  Dr.  Carson  and  Mr.  Moss. 

Dr.  Leidy  read  the  following  remarks  by  Dr.  J.  L.  Burtt,  U.  S.  N., 
on  the  influence  of  Sulphuretted  Hydrogen  arising  from  the  bottom  of 
the  Bay  of  Callao  on  the  fishes  in  its  waters  : 

“  One  occurrence  always  excited  much  interest,  whenever  there  was  an  evolu¬ 
tion  of  sulpho-hydric  acid  gas  (a  frequent  occurrence)  from  the  bottom  ol  the 
Bay  of  Callao.  The  first  premonition  of  what  was  to  produce  a  remarkable 

PROCEED.  ACAD.  NAT.  SCI.  OF  PHILADELPHIA. — VOL.  VI.  NO.  I.  1 


2 


[January, 


destruction  among  fish,  was  the  discoloration  of  the  water  of  the  bay,  from  a 
marine  green  to  a  dirty  milk-white  hue,  followed  by  a  decided  odor  of  the  gas ; 
so  much  of  it  being  present  on  many  occasions  as  directly  to  blacken  a  clean  piece 
of  silver,  and  to  blacken  paint  work  in  a  few  hours. 

The  fish,  during  this  evolution,  rose  in  vast  numbers  from  the  bottom;  and  after 
struggling  for  sometime  in  convulsions  upon  the  surface,  died. 

I  was  particularly  struck  by  this  fact,  that  all  of  them  during  the  time  that  they 
were  under  its  influence,  acted  in  precisely  the  same  manner.  The  first  thing 
noticeable  with  regard  to  its  effect  upon  them,  was  that  on  coming  near  the  surface, 
they  seemed  to  have  much  difficulty  in  remaining  below  it  at  all.  They  then 
rose  completely  to  the  surface,  struggling  vainly  to  dive  beneath.  This  was 
followed  by  violent  springing  and  darting  in  various  directions — evidently  with¬ 
out  control  of  direction — for  they  moved  sideways,  or  upon  the  back,  and  some¬ 
times  tail  first,  with  great  velocity.  After  a  little  time  their  motion  became 
circular,  and  upon  the  back,  the  circle  of  gyration  constantly  diminishing,  and  the 
rapidity  of  the  motion  as  constantly  increasing,  until  there  was  a  sudden  cessation 
of  all  motion.  The  head  then  floated  about  the  surface,  the  body  being  in  a  perpen¬ 
dicular  position.  A  few  convulsive  movements  shortly  followed,  and  they  were 
dead. 

I  have  watched  thousands  of  them  so  dying ;  and  in  every  instance  such  was  the 
mode  of  death.  Having  taken  them  at  the  moment  of  death  and  immediately  after, 
a  rude  examination  showed  in  all  the  same  appearances.  The  intestines  and  brain 
were  gorged  with  blood,  much  darker  than  natural.  The  gills  were  almost  black,  and 
the  air-bladder  ruptured.  A  premonitory  symptom  that  such  destruction  was  about 
to  occur,  was  the  previous  appearance  of  unaccountable  numbers  of  fishing-birds, 
especially  of  the  Pelicans.  On  one  occasion,  taking  the  known  size  of  the  Island 
of  San  Lorenzo  as  a  guide  for  measurement,  we  concluded  that  there  was  a  body 
of  Pelicans  5  miles  long,  one  mile  wide,  and  300  feet  thick,  filling  the  water  and 
air  as  closely  as  possibly  they  could  do.  How  many  were  there  ?  Can  we  wonder 
at  the  size  of  guano  deposits  ?” 


Dr,  Leidy  called  the  attention  of  the  members  to  a  fossil  tooth  and  a 
fragment  of  a  second,  from  the  collection  made  by  Mr.  Culbertson  in 
Nebraska  Territory,  which,  he  observed,  belonged  to  a  new  species  of 
Rhinoceros,  or  probably  Acerotherium.  The  former  specimen  is  proba¬ 
bly  a  third  premolar,  the  latter  a  portion  of  the  fourth.  A  great  pecu¬ 
liarity  in  the  teeth  is  the  confluence  of  the  inner  lobes  with  each  other, 
and  their  separation  to  the  base  from  the  outer  lobes.  They  possess  a 
remarkably  strong  basal  ridge,  and  indicate  an  animal  larger  than  any 
species  of  existing  Rhinoceros  :  the  greatest  transverse  diameter  of  the 
third  premolar  being  2 \  inches;  its  antero-posterior  diameter  If  inches. 
For  the  species  the  name  Rhinoceros  Americanus  is  proposed. 

Dr.  Leidy  also  called  the  attention  of  the  members  to  the  fine  mounted 
specimen  of  Polar  Bear  now  in  the  Hall,  the  skin  of  which  had  been 
lately  presented  by  Dr.  E.  K.  Kane,  U.  S.  N. 

On  motion  of  Dr,  Fisher,  the  letter  of  Mr.  Peale,  read  this  evening, 
was  referred  to  the  Library  Committee,  with  power  to  act. 

Dr.  Fisher  announced  that  the  collection  of  fossil  foot-prints  of  Fishes, 
belonging  to  Mr.  Dexter  Marsh,  of  Greenfield,  Mass.,  was  for  sale. 

On  motion  of  Mr.  Moss,  the  suggestions  contained  in  the  Report  of 
the  Librarian  for  1851,  were  referred  to  the  Library  Committee. 


1852.] 


3 


January  13  th. 

Vice-President  Wetherill  in  the  Chair. 

Dr.  Leidy  presented  an  additional  portion  of  Mr.  Dana’s  communica¬ 
tion  on  the  Crustacea  of  the  late  American  Exploring  Expedition ;  which 
was  referred  as  before  to  the  original  Committee. 

Mr-  Wetherill  stated  that  the  Phosphate  of  Lime,  a  specimen  of  which 
he  presented  this  evening,  was  being  much  used  for  agricultural  pur¬ 
poses,  after  being  decomposed  by  the  action  of  sulphuric  acid. 

Mr.  Wetherill  also  stated  that  the  Adipocire,  also  presented  this  even¬ 
ing,  was  the  result  of  decomposition  of  the  bodies  of  a  number  of  sheep, 
which  had  been  buried  fifteen  years  since  in  a  wet  soil,  on  a  farm  in  an 
adjoining  county. 

Dr.  Leidy,  referring  to  the  Cfetacean  remains  characterized  by  him 
at  the  meeting  of  December  9th,  remarked  that  they  were  the  first  relics 
of  Mammals  that  have  been  found  in  the  Cretaceous  Group. 

On  leave  granted,  the  Committee  to  which  was  referred  Dr.  D.  D. 
Owen’s  paper  describing  a  new  Mineral  and  a  new  Earth,  presented  a 
report,  recommending  the  same  for  publication  in  the  forthcoming  No. 
of  the  Journal,  which  was  adopted. 


January  21th. 

Mr.  Ord,  President,  in  the  Chair. 

The  Committee,  to  which  was  referred  the  following  papers  of  Dr. 
Le  Conte,  reported  in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings. 

Notes  on  some  Fossil  Suiline  Pachyderms  from  Illinois. 

By  John  L.  Le  Conte,  M.  D. 

Dicotyles  depressifrons. 

Hyops  depressifrons  Lee.  Am.  Journ.  Sc.  2d  series,  Yol.  5,  103  (1848.) 

After  a  careful  comparison  of  the  fragments  of  this  animal  with  Dicotyles 
torquatus,  I  have  come  to  the  conclusion  that  the  differences  are  by  no  means 
of  such  a  nature  as  to  admit  of  the  formation  of  a  peculiar  genus. 

The  differences  in  the  cranium  which  distinguish  this  animal  from  D.  torquatus 
are :  1st,  the  greater  depression  of  the  front ;  2d,  the  greater  expansion  and  less 
sudden  declivity  of  the  malar  plates  ;  3d,  the  less  convex  nasal  bones.  In  con¬ 
sequence  of  this  last  character,  the  groove  running  forward  from  the  frontal 
foramen  is  more  or  less  superior  in  its  whole  extent  and  never  lateral,  as  in  the 
anterior  part  of  the  head  of  D.  torquatus. 

The  lower  part  of  the  skull  and  the  anterior  part  of  the  nose  are  broken  away, 
so  that  no  teeth  remain  in  the  fragment. 

Accompanying  this  fragment  are  four  teeth  from  the  upper  jaw,  which  differ 
from  the  corresponding  teeth  of  Platygonus  compressus  Lee.,  from  the  same 
locality,  by  having  the  transverse  ridges  more  distinctly  connected  with  the 
basal  margin ;  this  is  especially  the  case  at  the  posterior  margin ;  the  ridges  also 
show  a  tendency  to  unite  together,  and  thus  the  transverse  valley  is  rendered  a 
little  narrower  than  in  Platygonus.  In  all  these  points  the  teeth  agree  exactly 
with  Dicotyles  torquatus,  and  on  a  careful  comparison  nothing  worthy  of  notice, 
even  as  a  specific  difference,  could  be  detected.  A  part  of  the  socket  of  the  left 
superior  canine,  with  the  adjoining  portion  of  the  palatal  plate,  shows  no  differ¬ 
ence  on  comparison  with  D.  torquatus. 


» 


4 


[January, 


The  base  of  the  inferior  left  canine  was  found  in  its  socket ;  the  remainder  was 
found  broken;  the  fragments  were  put  together  so  as  to  make  almost  a  complete 
tooth,  which  presents  no  specific  characters  of  any  importance ;  the  anterior 
margin  is  more  rounded  than  in  D.  torquatus,  and  the  grooves  on  the  posterior, 
external,  and  internal  faces  of  the  fang  are  deeper ;  the  young  of  D.  torquatus 
in  the  depth  of  the  grooves  agrees  perfectly  with  our  fossil,  which,  however, 
from  the  wearing  of  the  tooth,  must  have  been  an  adult. 

The  condyloid  process  of  the  right  lower  jaw  was  found  broken  off  just  below 
the  neck;  in  comparison  with  D.  torquatus,  it  is  less  concave  in  its  external  out¬ 
line,  and  there  is  a  slight  depression  externally  just  below  the  end  of  the  articular 
surface ;  the  posterior  face  a  little  below  the  articular  part  is  more  compressed 
and  less  flattened  than  in  D.  torquatus. 

The  inferior  extremity  of  the  humerus  is  perforated ;  the  articular  faces  are  in 
no  respect  different  from  those  of  D.  torquatus. 

The  same  is  the  case  with  the  innominatum  and  the  femur. 

Of  the  left  posterior  foot  is  preserved  the  calcaneum,  the  outer  metatarsal,  the 
first  and  second  phalanges  of  the  outer  toe  and  the  first  phalanx  of  the  inner  toe ; 
all  these  bones  completely  resemble  the  corresponding  parts  of  D.  torquatus. 

As  compared  with  Platygonus  compressus,  the  calcaneum  shows  important 
characters,  which  may  be  used  in  separating  the  bones  of  these  animals,  if  they 
should  again  be  found  mixed  together. 

In  Platygonus  the  astragalian  face  is  not  distinctly  defined  at  its  supero-external 
part,  but  is  confluent  with  the  depression  existing  in  that  part  of  the  bone 
behind  the  fibular  process. 

In  Sus  and  Dicotyles  this  face  is  distinctly  separated  from  the  valley  between 
the  two  processes,  and  the  inferior  part  of  the  astragalian  process  is  much  less 
thickened  than  in  Platygonus ;  the  whole  bone  is  more  slender  and  less  flattened 
than  in  Platygonus. 

My  reasons  for  considering  the  cuboides  figured  by  me*  as  belonging  to  Platy¬ 
gonus,  are  as  follows : 

From  teeth  there  was  evidence  of  two  specimens  of  Platygonus  of  different 
ages ;  portions  of  three  calcaneal  bones  of  the  left  side  were  found,  two  of  which 
were  precisely  similar ;  the  third  is  the  one  here  mentioned  as  belonging  to 
Dicotyles.  The  larger  of  the  two  similar  bones  fitted  perfectly  with  the  ex¬ 
tremity  of  a  tibia,  an  astragalus  and  a  cuboides  forming  a  considerable  portion 
of  the  tarsus ;  to  this  cuboides,  however,  the  metatarsal  bone  above  described 
cannot  be  adapted. 

This  will  be  the  proper  place  for  correcting  an  important  error  in  the  memoir 
on  Platygonus  already  quoted:  on  page  270,  pi.  4,  figs. 23  and  24,  is  represented 
what  was  considered  the  inner  metatarsal .  On  comparison  this  bone  is  found  to 
correspond  accurately  with  the  inner  right  metacarpal  of  Dicotyles ;  there  are 
two  specimens  of  this  bone,  differing  slightly  in  size,  and  the  smaller  one  of 
which  has  lost  its  lower  extremity,  and  evidently  belonged  to  a  young  animal. 
We  have  therefore  the  same  reason  to  refer  this  to  Platygonus  as  the  tarsal  bones 
above  mentioned. 

I  should  also  notice  here,  that  the  superior  canines  of  very  young  Dicotyles 
resemble  very  closely  those  of  Platygonus,  but  are  not  so  much  compressed,  and 
have  only  a  single  angulated  line  at  the  anterior  part  of  the  base  of  the  tooth. 

On  account  of  the  very  strong  resemblance  between  the  dentition  of  Platygonus 
and  Dicotyles,  I  am  inclined  to  consider  the  former  as  rather  Suiline  than  Tapi- 
roid  in  its  affinities;  the  undulated  outline  of  the  lower  jaw  in  the  Dicotyles 
group,  reaches  its  maximum  in  the  great  dilatation  of  the  angle  of  the  jaw  in 
Platygonus ;  the  compression  of  the  canines  is  carried  to  a  greater  degree  than  in 
any  other  genus,  and  the  molar  structure  is  reduced  to  the  simplest  Pachydermal 
form  by  the  absence  of  all  accessary  tubercles. 

The  dimensions  of  the  fragments  of  Dicotyles  depressifrons  indicate  an  animal 


*  Memoirs  Am.  Acad-  of  Science  and  Arts,  New  Series,  Vol.  3,  pi.  4,  figs.  25,26. 


1852.] 


5 

a  little  larger  than  the  ad^lt  D.  torquatus ;  the  only  measurements  that  can  be 
given  are  the  following,  in  English  inches  : 

Distance  between  the  frontal  foramina  1*2. 

Third  premolar  :  lateral  diameter  *45 :  antero-posterior  diameter  *4. 

Fourth  premolar:  lateral  diameter  *46  :  antero-posterior  diameter  *5. 

First  molar:  lateral  diameter  *55  ;  antero-posterior  diameter  *63. 

Inferior  canine:  length  3*75  ;  posterior  breadth  *48  ;  radius  of  curvature  2*75. 

Humerus  .‘diameter  of  inferior  extremity  1’52  ;  breadth  of  larger  articular  groove, 
.75  ;  smaller  groove  *4  ;  least  distance  from  lower  margin  of  larger  groove  to  fora¬ 
men  *67. 

Innominatum  :  diameter  of  acetabulum  1*2 ;  least  breadth  of  ilium  1*0. 

Femur:  length  6*85  ;  from  fovea  on  head,  to  extremity  of  trochanter  major  1*72; 
breadth  of  tibial  articular  groove  anteriorly  *8 ;  transverse  diameter  of  condyles 
posteriorly  1*55. 

Metatarsal :  length  2*87  ;  of  inferior  articular  surfaces,  lateral  diameter  *46 ; 
antero-posterior  diameter  *57 ;  length  of  first  phalanx  1-25;  second  phalanx  *95. 

Calcaneum  :  length  2*45:  greatest  breadth  1*12;  from  fibular  to  apical  process  *91. 

Condyle  of  lower  jaw ;  breadth  1*2 ;  antero-posterior  diameter  of  articular 
surface  *6. 

Protochcerus  prismaticus  Lee.  Am.  Journ.  Sc.  2nd  series  5.105. 

To  the  description  of  the  teeth  of  this  animal,  I  have  only  to  add  that  the  fang 
of  the  canine  is  very  similar  to  that  of  Sus  babiroussa  ;  the  posterior  molar  bears 
considerable  resemblance  to  that  of  Sus  babiroussa,  as  represented  by  Blainville, 
(plate  VIII.)  although  the  student  will  fail  to  find  the  resemblance  in  nature.  The 
Anthracotherium  tooth  figured  in  Owen’s  Odontography,  with  which  I  formerly 
compared  this  tooth,  differs  in  having  the  lobes  connected  by  an  elevated  ridge. 

The  dimensions  of  the  teeth  are  as  follows,  and  indicate  an  animal  smaller  than 
a  Peccary. 

Inferior  canine  :  length  of  worn  surface  1*35  ;  breadth  *3  ;  radius  of  curvature  of 
posterior  face  and  margin  2*46. 

First  inferior  molar  :  lateral  diameter  *39  ;  antero-posterior  diameter  *52. 

Last  inferior  molar  :  breadth  *5 ,  from  posterior  lobe  to  middle  lobe  '26 ;  to 
summit  of  anterior  lobe  *58. 

Notice  of  a  fossil  Dicotyles  from  Missouri . 

By  John  L.  Le  Conte,  M.  D. 

The  Tooth  which  forms  the  subject  of  this  communication,  was  found  with 
some  mastodon  bones  in  Benton  County,  Missouri,  and  was  presented  to  me  by 
Dr.  R.  W.  Gibbes. 

It  is  a  right  lower  canine,  wanting  the  fang,  and  attached  to  a  small  piece  of 
jaw,  containing  alveoli  of  three  incisors. 

The  tooth  has  precisely  the  same  direction  as  in  D.  torquatus,  but  is  somewhat 
less  compressed  ;  the  anterior  edge  is  very  acute ;  on  the  part  of  the  fang  which 
remains,  no  vestige  of  external  and  internal  grooves  exists ;  the  posterior  groove 
is  well  marked  as  in  D.  torquatus ;  on  the  outer  surface  of  the  tooth,  nearer  the 
posterior  than  the  anterior  margin  is  an  elevated  ridge,  acute  at  summit,  which 
extends  along  the  whole  of  the  enamelled  part  of  the  tooth.  This  character  is  not 
to  be  found  in  D.  torquatus ;  the  very  obsolete  elevation  which  exists  there  being 
a  consequence  of  the  continuation  of  the  grooves  impressed  on  the  internal  face  of 
the  fang;  I  have  also  failed  to  discover  a  similar  elevated  line  on  the  canine  of  any 
species  of  Sus  which  has  come  under  my  observation. 

As  this  seems  to  be  a  character  of  sufficient  importance  to  separate  the  species 
co-existent  with  the  Mastodon,  from  any  now  living,  I  would  give  to  it  the  name 
of  Dicotyles  costatus. 

Although  there  is  no  character  in  this  canine  to  make  a  reference  to  Dicotyles 
more  certain  than  to  Sus,  yet  as  the  latter  genus  has  not  been  distinctly  proved  to 


6 


[January, 


have  inhabited  this  continent,  and  as  in  the  existing  creation  Dicotyles  is  the  true 
equivalent  of  Sus  in  America,  the  probability  of  our  very  distinct  fossil  species 
belonging  to  Dicotyles  is  much  increased ;  this  probability  is  rendered  almost 
certain,  when  we  consider  that  remains  of  true  Dicotyles  have  been  found  in 
Illinois  in  company  with  other  singular  forms,  (Platygonus  and  Anomodon)  which 
by  their  great  peculiarities  would  seem  to  indicate  a  period  anterior  to  that  of 
the  Mastodon. 

The  measurements  of  the  canine  are  :  length  of  enamelled  surface  along  anterior 
curvature  2-2 ;  breadth  of  posterior  surface  *37 :  radius  of  curvature  of  posterior 
edge  2’0 ;  of  anterior  edge  2*1. 


The  Committee  to  which  was  referred  Mr.  Dana’s  papers  on  the  Crus¬ 
tacea  of  the  Exploring  Expedition,  reported  in  favor  of  publication  in  the 
Proceedings. 

Conspectus  Crustoceorum ,  fyc.  Conspectus  of  the  Crustacea  of  the  Exploring 
Expedition  under  Capt.  Wilkes ,  U.  S.  N.  By  James  D.  Dana. 

PAGURIDEA,  continued,  and  Subtribe  MEGALOPIDEA. 

I.  Paguridea,  continued. 

Among  the  species  of  the  genus  Pagurus,  as  restricted  in  my  former  paper  on 
the  Paguridea,  there  are  still  three  groups  of  distinct  character  ;  one,  having  no 
trace  of  a  beak,  the  front  being  truncate,  and  also  having  the  fingers  opening  in  a 
vertical  plane,  the  hands  being  usually  compressed,  with  commonly  the  left  the 
larger;  a  second,  having  a  short  beak  or  triangular  point  in  front,  and  the  fingers 
opening  like  the  preceding,  with  the  hands  subequal  ;  a  third,  having  a  beak  like  * 
the  last,  but  the  fingers  opening  in  a  horizontal  plane,  the  hands  being  subequal 
and  more  or  less  depressed,  and  never  compressed.  The  first  group  has  Pagurus 
punctulatus  for  its  type;  the  second,  P.  aniculus ;  the  third,  F.  clibanarius . 
They  form  three  genera  with  the  following  characters  : — 

1.  Pagurus. — Frons  non  rostratus,  truncatus.  Manus  anticae  saepius  com- 
pressae,  interdum  subaequae,  saepius  sinistra  majore,  digitis  apice  corneis,  in  piano 
verticali  claudentibus. 

2.  Aniculus,  D. — Frons  triangulate  rostratus.  Manus  anticae  subaequae, 
digitis  apice  corneis,  in  piano  verticali  claudentibus. 

3.  Clibanarius,  D. — Frons  triangulate  rostratus.  Manus  anticae  subaequae, 
plus  minusve  depressae,  digitis  apice  corneis,  in  piano  horizontali  claudentibus. 
Species  P.  cequalis,  zebra,  humilis,  globosi-manus ,  Clibanario  pertinent. 

The  species  Pagurus  aniculus  may  hereafter  be  named  Aniculus  typicus  ;  the 
P.  clibanarius,  Clibanarius  vulgaris;  and  the  P.  Bernhardus,  Bernhardus  streb- 
lonyx.  The  name  Bernhardus  pubescens,  (see  preceding  volume,  p.  270,)  we 
propose  to  change  to  B.  scabrictilus,  as  Kroyer*  has  described  a  Pagurus  pu¬ 
bescens,  which  is  probably  a  Bernhardus. 

Descriptiones  Pagvrideorum  adhuc  ineditce. 

Bernhardus  obesi-carpus. — Frons  medio  prominulus,  obtusus.  Kegio  cara- 
pacis  antica  paulo  transversa,  nudiuscula.  Oculi  crassi  et  perbreves,  aciculo 
longiores,  squama  basali  ovata,  subacuta,  integra.  Antennae  externae  nudae, 
basi  multo  longiore  quam  oculus,  aciculo  crasso,  brevi,  apicem  articuli  3tii 
attingente.  Pedes  toti  fere  nudi  et  granulosi,  non  armati ;  antici  inaequi;  manu 
majore  oblonga,  convexa,  symmetrica,  granulis  nitidis  partim  seriatis,  carpo 
multo  crassiore,  parce  latiore.  Pares  2di  et  3tii  crassiusculi,  articulo  3tio  supra 


*  Tidsk.  ii,  251,  252. 


1852.] 


7 


scabri-rugato  et  breviter  hirsuto,  tarso  curvato,  canaliculato.  Hab.  Valparaiso? 
Long.  2". 

Bernhardus  jequimanus. — Carapax  sparsim  pilosus,  regione  antica  non  ob¬ 
longa,  fronte  ad  medium  angulato,  vix  rostrato.  Oculi  cylindrici,  aciculum  an- 
tennalem  longitudine  aequantes,  squama  basali  apice  productaet  3— 4-denticulata. 
Antennarum  externarum  flagellum  infra  elongate  ciliatum.  Pedes  superficie 
granulati  partim  sparsim  hirsuti,  marginibus  hirti ;  antici  aequi,  mediocres,  manu 
breviter  elliptica,  parce  latiore  et  longiore  quam  carpus,  non  costata,  marginibus 
subspinulosis,  carpo  supra  subspinuloso  et  hirto.  Pedum  4  sequentium  tarsi 
bene  canaliculati,  infra  ciliati.  Hab.  Valparaiso.  Long.  11". 

Bernhardus  criniticornis. — Frons  medio  parce  angulatus.  Regio  carapacis 
antica  non  transversa.  Oculi  mediocres,  aciculo  antennali  paulo  longiores, 
squama  basali  apicem  rotundata.  Flagellum  antennarum  externarum  infra  crini- 
tum  non  ciliatum.  Pedes  antici  valde  inaequi,  nudiusculi,  manu  majore  oblonga, 
paulo  longiore  et  latiore  quam  carpus,  scabricula,  spinulis  subtilissimis  4 — 5-se- 
riatis,  margine  inferiore  fere  recto,  carpo  minute  spinuloso.  Pedes  2di  3tii  laxe 
pubescentes,  non  spinulosi,  tarso  non  canaliculato.  Hab.  portu  “  Rio  Janeiro.” 
Long.  9— 10'". 

Pagurus  euopsis. — P .  punctulato  affinis.  Oculi  fronte  carapacis  valde  longi¬ 
ores,  crassiusculi.  Flagellum  antennarum  externarum  nudum,  articulis  versus 
antennae  extremitatem  latere  interno  gibbosis ;  aciculum  parvulum.  Pedes  antici 
sat  inaequi,  manu  majore  carpoque  oblongis,  extus  spinulosis  et  hirsutis.  Pedes 
2di  3tii  marginibus  multo  hirsuti,  articulo  5to  spinulis  supra  paulo  armati,  tarsis 
totis  subteretibus,  undique  divaricate  hirsutis.  Hab.  ad  insulam  <(Upolu”  et  in 
freto  ee  Balabac.”  Long.  21". 

Clibanarius  striolatus. — Regio  carapacis  antica  fere  quadrata.  Oculi 
graciles,  margine  carapacis  antico  vix  breviores,  squama  basali  angusta,  acu¬ 
minata,  bidenlata.  Pedes  antici  subaequi,  manubus  brevibus  carpisque  supra 
spini-tuberculatis  et  pilosis,  manu  sinistra  maris  paulo  majore.  Pedes  2di  3tii 
supra  infraque  paulo  hirsuti,  multis  lineis  brunneis  longitudinalibus  ornati,  tarso 
subterete,  non  breviore  quam  articulus  penultimus,  sinistro  3tii  paris  articulo 
5to  extus  parce  convexo,  acie  rectangulata  superne  instructo.  Hab.  insula 
“Tongatabu,”  et  archipelago  e<  Viti.”  Long.  2'".  Paguro  lineato}  Edw.  pro- 
pinquus. 

Clibanarius  brasiliensis. — Regio  carapacis  antica  paulo  oblonga.  Rostrum 
bene  Iriangulatum.  Oculi  gracillimi,  margine  carapacis  antico  non  breviores, 
squama  basali  valde  truncata  et  brevissima,  pilis  longis,  margine  apicali  transverso 
instructa.  Pedes  antici  aequi,  manu  dextra  parce  majore.  Pedes  2di  3tiique 
persparsim  hirsuti,  subnudi,  tarso  perbrevi,  articulo  5to  paris  3tii  extus  sub- 
complanato,  parce  convexo,  supra  subcarinato.  Pedes  colore  pauci-lineati. 
Hab.  portu  uRio  Janeiro.”  Long.  li". 

Clibanarius  globosi-manus  (Pag.  globosi-manus,  D.)  P.  corallino ,  Edw.  adhuc 
partim  descripto  an  differt?  In  specimine  globosi-mani  non  attrita,  pedes 
2di  3tii  marginibus  hirsuti  non  nudiusculi.  Clibanariis  aliis  totis  nobis  lectis 
differt,  supeficie  externa  articuli  5ti  sinistri  paris  3tii  omnino  hirsuta. 

II.  Megalopidea. 

The  question  of  the  maturity  or  immaturity  of  the  Megalopae  and  that  of  their 
true  place  in  the  natural  system,  still  remain  in  doubt.  Without  touching  on 
these  points,  at  this  time,  I  propose  to  describe  some  new  genera  and  species 
pertaining  to  the  group. 

The  species,  however  diverse,  agree  in  the  structure  of  the  abdomen  and  its 
caudal  appendages ;  in  the  position  of  the  four  antennae  between  the  eyes ;  in  the 
articulations  of  the  outer  antennae;  in  the  inner  antennae  folded  longitudinally  or 
obliquely  either  side  of  the  beak ;  in  the  general  form  of  the  outer  maxillipeds ; 
in  the  large  size  and  lateral  position  of  the  eyes  without  orbits;  in  the  general 
structure  of  the  legs ;  and  in  their  habits.  The  beak  is  either  horizontal  or 


8  [January, 

flexed  downward,  and  has  usually  a  sharp  prominent  tooth  either  side  of  it, 
exterior  to  the  inner  antennae. 

The  genus  Megalopa,  Leach ,  as  now  accepted,  embraces  two  distinct  sets  of 
species — the  M.  Montagui  and  armata  for  which  it  was  instituted  by  Leach, 
and  the  M.  mutica  of  Desmarest.  The  former  (the  true  Megalopae)  have  the 
beak  nearly  horizontal,  with  rarely  a  tooth  either  side,  and  there  is  a  reflexed 
spine  on  the  ventral  surface  of  the  first  joint  of  the  8  posterior  legs.  The  latter 
has  the  beak  bent  downward  vertically,  and  either  side  of  it  there  is  a  prominent 
spine  or  tooth ;  the  ventral  surface  of  the  base  of  the  legs  is  unarmed.  The  M. 
mutica  is  very  closely  related  to  Monolepis  spinitarsus  of  Say,  the  only  differ¬ 
ence  being  that  the  extremity  of  the  posterior  legs  in  this  species  of  Monolepis 
bear  3  or  4  setae  rather  longer  than  the  tarsus,  while  the  descriptions  of  the 
mutica  make  mention  of  no  such  setae.  The  posterior  legs  in  Monolepis  fold  up 
and  overlie  the  carapax  :  but  these  legs  are  otherwise  like  the  preceding,  though 
somewhat  smaller,  and  it  is  probable  that  this  habit  in  the  M.  mutica  has  been 
overlooked,  as  these  animals  almost  always  swim  with  the  posterior  legs  ex¬ 
tended  like  the  others,  when  taken  and  kept  in  a  jar  for  examination,  and  they 
also  have  them  extended  when  walking.  These  legs  do  not  resemble  at  all  the 
posterior  pair  in  Porcellana  or  Galathaea.  I  had  examined  several  species  before 
I  discovered  this  habit  with  regard  to  the  posterior  legs.  The  animal  also  throws 
the  fourth  pair  of  legs  forward  along  or  over  the  borders  of  the  carapax,  so  that 
the  extremity  overlies  the  bases  of  the  eyes  and  the  tarsi  hang  down  in  front ; 
and  at  the  same  time  the  two  preceding  pair  are  folded  up  and  lie  against  the 
sides  of  the  carapax  outside  of  the  4th  pair,  or  the  3d  pair  may  be  thrown  for¬ 
ward  like  the  4th.  A  Sooloo  species,  and  another  common  off  Cape  of  Good 
Hope,  were  observed  swimming  with  the  legs  thus  disposed. 

Say’s  genus  Monolepis*  also  embraces  two  groups,  alike  in  the  deflexed  front 
and  the  longish  setae  at  the  extremity  of  the  posterior  tarsi.  In  one  division, 
including  the  M.  inermis ,  the  tarsi  are  flattened  styliform,  and  unarmed,  with 
either  lateral  edge  sparsely  furnished  with  minute  hairs  ;  the  fossa  of  the  sternum, 
along  which  the  abdomen  lies  when  inflexed,  has  a  prominent  trenchant  border  ; 
the  depression  on  the  carapax  for  the  posterior  legs  is  rather  abrupt  and  some¬ 
what  neatly  defined ;  the  body  is  very  convex  and  obese,  with  the  sides  high  and 
vertical,  and  much  wider  behind  than  before,  being  gradually  narrowed  forward. 

The  other  division  has  the  tarsi  unguiform,  compressed,  and  spinous  below,  the 
antepenult  spine  always  longest ;  the  fossa  of  the  sternum  with  flaring  borders,; 
the  depression  of  the  carapax  for  the  posterior  legs  shallow  concave ;  the  body 
more  flattened  above,  with  the  sides  more  oblique.  This  division  corresponds 
to  Monolepis  spinitarsus . 

Besides  the  preceding,  there  is  another  group  of  Megalopidea,  examined  by  the 
author,  resembling  Megalopa  of  Leach,  except  that  the  tarsus  of  the  posterior 
legs  is  narrow  lamellar  instead  of  unguiculate,  and  edged  with  longish  setae 
somewhat  shorter  than  the  tarsus. 

There  is  still  another  group  in  which  the  front  is  horizontal  and  tricuspidate, 
the  inner  antennae  when  retracted  being  exposed  in  the  interval  between  the  beak 
or  inner  cusp  and  either  outer,  lying  in  view  as  in  Plagusia. 

With  these  explanations  we  give  the  characters  of  the  genera. 

1.  Monolepis,  Say. — Carapax  fronte  tricuspidatus  sed  valde  deflexus  ideoque 
frons  superne  visus  medio  non  acutus  sed  truncatus.  Pedes  5ti  minores,  super 
carapacem  saepe  restantes,  depressione  ad  eos  recipiendos  abrupta,  tarsis  inermi- 
bus,  depressis  styliformibus,  paris  postici  non  depressis,  apice  3 — 4  setis  longius- 
culis  (tarso  paulo  longioribus)  instructo.  Sterni  fossa  abdominalis  marginibus 
bene  prominens  et  subacuta. — Monolepis  inermis ,  Say,  typus  est. 

2.  Marestia,  Dana. — Carapax  fronte  uti  in  Monolepi.  Pedes  8  postici  ad 
basin  infra  non  armati;  5ti  minores,  super  carapacem  saepe  restantes,  depressione 
ad  eos  recipiendos  parce  concava ;  tarsis  styliformibus,  unguiculatis,  spinis  infra 


*Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  Philad,,  i.  155. 


9 


1852.) 

armatis,  paris  postici  apice  setis  longiusculis  instructis. — Yypus  est  Monolepis 
spinitarsus ,  Say.  Hie  pertineret  quoque  Meg.mutica,  Desm.  si  ejus  pedes  postici 
setis  longiusculis  confecti ;  aliter  genus  alterum  instituendura.  Verbum“  Ma¬ 
restia  ”  clarissimum  Desmarest  commemorat. 

3.  Megalopa,  Leach . — Carapax  fronte  simpliciter  rostratus,  rostro  vix 
deflexo,  acuto.  Pedes  8  postici  ad  basin  infra  uni-spinigeri :  5ti  minores,  tarso 
styliformi.— Typus  Meg.  Montagui ,  Leach.* 

4.  Cyllene,  Dana. — Carapacis  frons  uti  in  Megalopa.  Pedes  8  postici  ad 
basin  infra  uni-spinigeri ;  5ti  minores,  tarso  anguste  lamellato,  setis  longiusculis 
partim  ciliato. 

5.  Tribola,  Dana. — Carapax  fronte  horizontal^  tricuspidatus,  rostro  (v«l 
cuspide  mediana)  tenui,  cuspidibus  (vel  dentibus)  externis  vix  longiore.  Antennae 
internae  inter  rostrum  et  cuspides  externas  aperte  inflexae.  Pedes  postici  minores, 
tarso  unguiculato  setisque  longis  non  instructo. 

Descriptions  Megalopideorum  adhuc  ineditce. 

Marestia  elegans. — Carapax  antice  angustus  et  superne  visus  bilobatus,  late- 
ribus  fere  parallelis,  pone  oculos  vix  salientibus.  Pedes  antici  parvi,  manu 
oblonga,  margine  inferiore  et  partim  superficie  interna  remote  hirsutis.  Pedes 
2di  marginibus  sparsim  ciliati,  tarso  infra  7-spinoso,  ad  basin  tuberculum  infra 
non  gerente.  Tarsi  postici  infra  6-spinosi,  apice  unguiculati  et  4  setis  longis 
instructi.  Hab.  Promontorio  Bonae  Spei.  Long.  Carapacis  4 — 5"',  An  Megalopa 
mutica  Kraussii  (Siidaf.  Crust,  p.  54)  et  De  Haanii  (Faun.  Japon.  p.  167)  ?  Sed 
pedes  postici  extremitate  setis  tarso  paulo  longioribus  instructi. 

Marestia  Atlantica. — Carapax  antice  angustus  et  superne  visus  bilobatus, 
lateribus  postice  paulo  divergentibus,  pone  oculos  vix  salientibus.  Pedes  an¬ 
tici  parvi,  manu  oblonga,  nuda  aut  nudiuscula.  Pedes  6  sequentes  nudiusculi, 
tarso  infra  quinque  spinas  tuberculumque  ad  basin  instar  calcis  gerente. 
Tarsi  postici  parvuli,  sed  setularum  duabus  paribus  infra  instructi,  non  spinosi, 
apice  unguiculati  et  tribus  setis  longis  armati. — Hab.  lat.  aust.  6°,  long.  occ.  24**. 

Marestia  pervalida. — Carapax  antice  latus  et  superne  visus  obsolete  quadri- 
lobatus,  lobis  subaequis,  lateribus  postice  non  divergentibus,  prope  medium  uni- 
dentatis.  Pedes  antici  pervalidi,  manu  valde  crassa,  tumida.  Tarsi  postici 
infra  spinosi,  apice  tribus  setis  longiusculis  armati. — Hab.  lat.  bor.  6°,  long, 
orient.  173°. 

Monolepis  orientalis. — Sterni  segmenta  fossam  sterni  includentia  antica  mar¬ 
gine  interiore  fere  truncata,  vix  triangulata ;  segmenta  proxima  convexa,  non  tu- 
berculigera.  Tuberculus  medianus  inter  aream  buccalem  et  fossam  sterni  simpli¬ 
citer  subtriangulatus,  antice  acutus,  postice  hemisphericus,  utrinque  depressione 
deinde  septo  brevi  antice  et  oblique  producto  cinctus.  Tarsus  pedis  postici 
brevis,  non  unguiculatus,  apice  tribus  setis  longiusculis  armatus,  infra  setulis 
paucis  perbrevibus  necque  spinis  instructus.  Hab.  in  mari  Suluensi.  Long. 
carapacis  4"'. — M.  inermis  differt,  sterni  segmentis  anticis  intus  non  subtruncatis 
sed  prominenter  triangulatis,  proximis  unituberculatis,  tuberculo  mediano  inter 
aream  buccalem  et  fossam  sterni  tuberculis  tribus  composito.f 

Cyllene  hyalina. — Rostrum  parceprominens.  Carapax  subovatus,  lateribus 
pone  oculos  paulo  saliens,  postice  inermis.  Thorax  infra  ad  extremitatem  pos- 


*  Malac.  Pod.  Brit.  pi.  16.  Leach  describes  three  other  species,  (not  noticed  by 
Edwards,)  in  Tuckey’s  Exped.  to  the  Zaire,  (London,  1818,)  p.  404.  The  M. 
Cranchii  may  be  a  true  Megalopa ;  the  others  have  a  deflexed  beak. 

+  The  author  is  indebted  to  Prof.  L.  R.  Gibbes,  of  Charleston,  S.  C.,  for  the 
privilege  of  examining  specimens  of  the  M.  inermis.  They  were  obtained  by  him 
from  the  stomach  of  a  fish  off  the  Atlantic  coast  between  New  York  and  Charleston, 
in  1846.  See  Rep.  Crust,  in  U.  S.  Collections,  by  Prof.  Gibbes,  in  Proc.  Amer. 
Assoc.  Charleston,  1850,  vol.  iii;  p.  192. 

2 


10 


[January, 

teriorem  inermis.  Pedes  antici  mediocres,  carpo  inerml,  manu  paulo  tumida, 
supra  subgibbosa,  digitis  hiantibus,  apice  inflexis  et  acutis.  Pedes  2di  3tii 
4tique  subaequi,  tarsis  fere  rectis,  longis,  articulo  penultimo  longioribus.  Hab. 
in  mari  Atlantico  juxta  “  Rio  Negro  ”  Patagoniae,  et  in  mari  Pacifico  prope 
te  Valparaiso.”  Long,  carapacis  3 — 4///. 

Cyllene  furciger. — Rostrum  elongatum,  spiniforme,  frontis  latitudine  non 
brevior.  Thorax  infra  ad  extremitatem  posteriorem  duabus  spinis  longis  diver- 
gentibus  postice  productis  armatus.  Pedes  antici  angusti,  carpo  articuloque 
secundo  spina  brevi  curvata  armatis,  brachio  inermi.  Tarsi  2di  3tii  4tique  parce 
armati,  styliformes. — Hab  in  mari  Suluensi. 

Tribola  lata. — Carapax  late  ovatus  non  pubescens,  paulo  longior  quam 
latus,  lateribus  pone  ocuios  parce  undulatis,  rostro  lineari,  dentibus  frontis  late- 
ralibus  rostro  remotis,  apice  acutis  et  paulo  divaricatis.  Pedes  antici  parvuli, 
tenues,  manu  pedibus  sequentibus  vix  crassiore.  Hab .  in  mari  Atlantico,  prope 
insulas  “Canary e  stomacho  piscis  “  Bonito”  lecta.  Long,  corporis  fere  l". 

Tribola  pubescens. — Carapax  oblongus,  subovatus,  pubescens,  lateribus  pone 
ocuios  undulatis,  rostro  lineari,  dentibus  frontis  lateralibus  rostro  minus  remotis. 
Pedes  toti  dense  brevissimeque  pubescentes ;  antici  rostrum  paulo  superantes, 
angusti,  inaequi,  manu  dextra  non  latiore  quam  carpus.  Pedes  8  sequentes  fere 
duplo  longiores,  2dis  brevioribus  quam  3tii.  Hab.  in  Archipelago  <c  Paumotu  ” 
mari  Pacifico. 


Conspectus  Crustaceorum ,  fyc.  Conspectus  of  the  Crustacea  of  the  Exploring 
Expedition  under  Capt.  C.  Wilkes ,  U.  S.  N.  By  James  D.  Dana. 
MACROURA. 

We  follow  De  Haan  in  placing  the  genus  Galathaea  with  the  Anomoura  ;  and 
near  it  we  arrange  iEglea,  which  widely  differs  from  most  other  related  species 
in  having  penicillate  instead  of  foliose  branchiae. 

The  Macroura,  excluding  these  groups,  includes  three  distinct  sections  or  sub¬ 
tribes. 

One ,  the  “Fossores”  of  authors,  or  the  Thalassinidea,  has  close  relations  cn 
one  side  with  the  Paguri,  and  on  the  other  with  the  Squillidae.  They  constitute 
a  line  of  gradation  between  these  extremes,  independent  mostly  of  the  other 
Macroura,  and  osculating  only  with  the  Astaci,  although  removed  from  them  in 
general  habit  and  structure.  There  is  a  diversity  among  the  legs  as  to  form  and 
position,  which  is  not  found  in  any  other  Macroura,  and  calls  to  mind  the  Paguri. 
Moreover,  there  is  in  general  a  looseness  of  structure,  a  length  of  abdomen,  and 
sluggish  habit  of  body,  unlike  the  trim  compact  forms  of  the  typical  Macroura. 
The  anterior  feet  are  thrown  directly  forward  and  are  thus  fitted  for  the  burrow¬ 
ing  habits  of  the  species. 

The  second  subtribe — the  Astacidea — is  composed  of  the  highest  grade  of 
Macroura,  approaching  in  some  points  of  structure  the  Brachyura.  This  is  seen 
in  the  fact  that  the  sides  of  the  carapax  fold  under  and  unite  to  the  epistome,  as 
is  well  shown  in  Scyllarus  and  less  perfectly  in  Astacus ;  also  in  the  absence  or 
small  size  of  the  basal  scale  of  the  outer  antennae.  The  Astaci  are  the  transition 
species  between  the  other  Astacidea  and  the  Caridea,  and  in  the  genus  Parane- 
phrops ,  White,  the  antennary  scale  is  not  smaller  than  is  common  in  the  latter 
group.  Yet  they  properly  form  part  of  the  same  section  with  the  Scyllari  and 
Palinuri,  rather  than  a  separate  division  as  made  by  Milne  Edwards;  they  differ 
from  all  the  Caridea  in  the  transverse  suture  across  the  carapax  near  its  middle. 

The  third  section — the  Caridea — includes  the  typical  Macroura,  which  have 
the  sides  of  the  carapax  not  soldered  to  the  epistome,  and  a  large  basal  scale  to 
the  outer  antennae.* 

*  The  Cumae  would  constitute  another  section — Cumidea — if  mature  animals.  But 
according  to  recent  researches  of  Prof.  Agassiz,  as  he  has  informed  the  author,  they 
are  in  some  cases,  and  probably  in  all,  immature  forms  of  Palaemon,  Crangon,  and 
other  known  Macroural  genera. 


1852.] 


11 


These  subtribes  may  be  divided  into  families. 

Subtribe  1.  Tkalassinidea .  This  section,  as  Milne  Edwards  observes,  includes 
two  strongly  marked  divisions;  one,  with  only  the  ordinary  thoracic  branchiae, 
and  a  second  with  the  addition  of  abdominal  branchial  appendages,  as  in  the  Squil- 
lidae.  The  former  we  name  the  Tkalassinidea  Eubranckiata .  the  latter,  the 
Tkalassinidea  Anomobranchiata.  The  first  group  embraces  three  families,  dif¬ 
fering  strikingly  in  outer  maxillipeds  and  abdomen,  as  explained  beyond.  The 
second  contains  only  two  genera,  Callianidea ,  Edw.,  and  Iscea ,  Guerin — the  last 
name  was  changed  by  Edwards  to  Callianisea ;  but  as  this  word  is  so  near  Callia- 
nassa  and  Callianidea,  a  contraction  to  Callisea  would  be  preferable. 

Subtribe  2.  Astacidea. — In  this  subtribe,  we  adopt  De  Haan’s  sections,  except 
that  we  exclude  the  Megalopidea,  and  we  do  not  associate  the  Thalassinidea 
with  the  Astacidea.  The  sections  or  families  are  Scyllaridce ,  Palinuridoe , 
Eryonidce  and  Astacidce. 

Leach  in  1819  divided  the  old  genus  Astacus,  naming  the  marine  species 
(Homarus  Edw.)  Astacus ,  and  the  fresh  water  (Astacus,  Edw.)  Potamobius. 
Edwards’  division,  of  like  character,  now  generally  accepted,  was  not  published 
till  1837.  Leach  hence  has  the  priority.  But  according  to  Leach,  the  name 
Astacus  is  appropriated,  not  to  the  typical  part  of  the  group,  that  including  the 
Astacus  Jluviatilis  of  old  authors,  or  Cancer  Astacus  of  Linnaeus,  and  which  em¬ 
braces  at  the  present  time  numerous  species,  but  to  that  including  the  Cancer 
Gammarus  of  Linnaeus,  still  but  a  small  group.  There  is  hence  much  objection 
to  the  names  of  Leach,  and  moreover  much  confusion  would  now  ensue  from 
their  adoption.  There  seems  therefore  to  be  sufficient  reason  for  rejecting  them, 
if  it  be  of  no  weight  that  they  have  remained  for  30  years  unrecognised  by 
British  authors.  They  are  adopted  in  the  Catalogue  of  British  Crustacea  of  the 
British  Museum,  published  in  1850,  but  not  in  the  general  catalogue  of  1847. 

Subtribe  3.  Caridea. — In  arranging  the  Caridea  into  groups,  much  stress  is 
usually  laid  upon  external  form  and  length  of  beak.  The  unimportance  of  these 
characters  is  inferrible  from  the  fact  that  they  involve  no  essential  variations  of 
structure.  Moreover,  in  a  single  natural  group  we  may  find  both  the  long  and 
short  beak.  In  the  Crangon  group,  for  instance,  in  which  the  beak  is  usually 
very  short  and  the  body  depressed,  we  have  a  species  with  the  beak  and  habit  of 
a  Hippolyte. 

There  are  other  characters  of  more  fundamental  value ;  and  these  have  been 
brought  forward  by  De  Haan.  The  mandibles  afford  the  distinctions  alluded  to. 
In  one  section  they  are  very  slender  and  are  bent  nearly  at  a  right  angle,  with¬ 
out  enlargement  at  the  crown.  In  another  they  are  very  stout,  and  somewhat 
bent  above  with  a  broad  dilated  crown.  In  a  third,  they  are  stout,  but  not  bent, 
and  have  a  dentate  summit.  In  a  fourth  they  have,  in  addition  to  a  projecting 
lateral  crown,  a  large  summit  process,  which  is  often  oblong  and  very  prominent. 
These  forms  are  characteristic  of  different  sections  of  the  Caridea. 

The  fact  that  the  mandibles  bear  a  palpus  or  not  is  of  much  less  importance  ; 
for  the  portion  of  the  mandible  which  is  most  essential  to  its  functions  is  the 
crown.  Among  the  Palaemoninae,  there  are  genera  having  a  mandibular  palpus, 
and  others  without  one ;  while  the  two  kinds  in  other  respects  are  remarkably 
close  in  their  relations.  We  have  found  moreover  that  in  this  group,  the  length 
of  the  palpus  varies  with  the  disjunction  of  the  2d  and  3d  flagella  of  the  inner 
antennae.  If  these  flagella  are  separate  to  their  bases  nearly,  (as  in  Palaemon,) 
the  palpus  is  long  and  3-jointed ;  if  united  for  some  distance  up,  the  palpus  be¬ 
comes  short  and  finally  only  2-jointed  (Palaemonella;)  if  united  nearly  or  quite 
to  their  summits,  there  is  no  palpus.* 

In  the  arrangement  of  the  genera  into  families,  the  fact  whether  the  1st  or  2 d 

•  In  our  genus  Palaemonella,  the  palpus  of  the  mandible  is  2-jointed,  and  in  An- 
chistia ,  which  is  closely  like  Palaemon  in  habit  in  some  of  its  species,  there  is  no 
palpus,  as  in  the  Pontoniae  ;  and  thus  the  transition  to  the  Pontoniae  from  Palaemon 
is  exceedingly  gradual.  Harpilius  and  CEdipus  (Pontoniae  of  authors)  fill  up  the  in¬ 
terval  between  Anchistia  and  the  true  Pontoniae.  They  are  all  similar  in  having  the 
2d  pair  of  legs  largest,  and  in  other  prominent  characteristics. 


12 


[January, 


dair  of  legs  is  the  stouter ,  is  of  great  weight,  much  greater  than  previous  authors 
have  recognised.  In  the  Erachyura,  the  anterior  pair  is  uniformly  the  strong 
pair ;  and  this  uniformity  through  so  extensive  a  group  shows  that  the  variations 
from  it  must  be  of  importance  in  classification.  This  peculiarity  of  the  Brachyura 
is  a  consequence  of  the  concentration  of  force  in  the  cephalic  or  anterior  portion 
of  the  cephalothorax ;  and  the  diffusion  of  this  force  posteriorly,  which  in  differ¬ 
ent  degrees  marks  the  Macroura,  is  especially  exhibited  in  the  legs.  It  is  there¬ 
fore  of  no  little  interest  to  observe  whether  the  first  or  the  second  pair  is  the 
larger,  or  whether  the  degradation  is  still  greater  and  the  3d  pair  is  chelate  like 
the  2d  and  even  stouter,  as  in  the  Penaei.  By  regarding  this  character  we  are 
led  to  place  Hippolyte  and  Rhyncocinetes  with  Alpheus,  instead  of  with  Palaemon  ; 
also  Hymenocera  and  Pontonia  with  Palaemon,  instead  of  with  Alpheus;  Pasi- 
phaea  in  a  distinct  group  from  the  Penaei,  &c.  Moreover,  the  Penaeinea,  viewed 
in  this  light  and  stripped  of  some  unrelated  genera,  make  a  natural  group,  for 
they  are  characterized  by  having  the  third  pair  of  legs  like  the  second ,  instead  of 
like  the  fourth.  In  the  lowest  forms  among  the  Penaeinea,  there  are  no  chelate 
or  didactyle  legs,  and  the  species  approach  the  Schizopods. 

In  the  preceding  paragraphs  we  have  but  hinted  at  some  of  the  more  prominent 
principles  involved  in  the  classification  of  the  Macroura  here  presented,  a  fuller 
exposition  of  which  will  be  given  in  another  place.  Below  is  a  synopsis 
of  the  arrangement  thus  arrived  at,  and  following  this  synopsis,  are  our  descrip¬ 
tions  of  new  species. 

Synopsis  Familiarum  Crustaceorum  Macrourorum. 

I.  THALASSINIDEA,  vel  MACROURA  PAGURO-SQUILLIDICA. 

Carapax  sutura  transversa  notatus,  posticeque  saepe  suturis  duabus  longi- 
tudinalibus.  Abdomen  saepius  multo  elongatum.  Antennae  externae  squama 
basali  sive  nulla  sive  parvula  instructae.  Pedes  2  antici  prorsum  projecti ;  6  pos- 
tici  habitu  raro  consimiles.  Species  fossores. 

Legio  I.  THALASSINIDEA  EUBRANCHIATA. 

Branthiis  thoracicis  instructa  tantum. 

Fam.  1.  Gebidje. — Maxillipedes  externi  pediformes.  Appendices  caudales  et 
aliae  abdominales  latae. 

Fam.  2.  Callianassidae. — Maxillipedes  externi  operculiformes.  Appendices 
caudales  latae. 

Fam.  3.  Thalassinhxe. — Maxillipedes  externi  pediformes.  Appendices  cau¬ 
dales  lineares. 

Legio  II.  THALASSINIDEA  ANOMOBRANCHIATA. 

II.  ASTACIDEA  vel  MACROURA  SUPERIORA. 

Carapax  sutura  transversa  saepius  notatus,  lateribus  anterioribus  epistomate 
connatis.  Antennae  externae  squama  basali  sive  nulla  sive  parva  instructae.  Ab¬ 
domen  sat  breve  vel  mediocre.  Branchiae  penicillatae.  Pedes  2  antici  oblique 
projecti;  6  postici  directione  consimiles. 

1.  Antennae  externa:  squama  basali  non  instructae.  Pedes  antici  monodactyli . 
Fam.  1.  Scyllaridte. — Carapax  valde  depressus,  marginibus  lateralibus  sat 
tenuibus,  carapace  lateraliter  subito  inflexo.  Antennae  externae  laminatae, 
breves.  Sternum  trigonum. 

Fam.  2.  PalinuridjE. — Carapax  subcylindricus,  lateraliter  late  rotundatus. 
Antennae  externae  basi  subcylindricae,  longae.  Sternum  trigonum. 

2.  Antenncc  externae  squama  basali  instructs.  Pedes  antici  didactyli. 
Fam.  3.  Eryonid;e. — Carapax  non  oblongus,  depressus,  lateribus  subito  inflexis, 
abdomine  multo  angustiore. 

Fam.  4.  Astacid>e. — Carapax  oblongus,  subcylindricus,  abdomine  parce  angus¬ 
tiore.  Sternum  angustum. 


1852.] 


13 


III.  CARIDEA. 

Carapax  sutura  transversa  non  notatus,  cephalothoracern  plerumque  tegens, 
lateribus  anterioribus  liberis,  epistomate  non  connatis.  Antennae  externae  squamik 
basali  grandi  instructae.  Corpus  sive  subcylindricum  sive  paulo  cornpressum. 
Branchiae  saepius  foliosae. 

Legio  I.  PALiEMONINEA. 

Pares  lmi  2dique  pedum,  unus  vel  ambo,  chelati ;  3tii  4tis  similes.  Maxilli- 
pedes  2di  breves,  lamellatae. 

Fam.  1.  Crangonide. — Mandibulae  graciles,  valde  incurvatae,  non  palpigerae, 
corona  angusta  et  non  dilatata.  Pedum  pares  lmi  2di  inter  se  valde  in- 
aequi. 

Fam.  2.  Atyide. — Mandibulae  crassae,  non  palpigerae,  corona  lata,  parce  bi¬ 
partita,  processu  terminal]  brevi  et  dilatato.  Pedum  pares  lmi  2dique  inter 
se  aequi,  carpo  nunquam  annulato. 

Fam.  3.  Palemonide. — Mandibulae  crassae,  sive  palpigerae  sive  non  palpigerae, 
supra  profunde  bipartitae,  processu  apicali  oblongo,  angusto. 

LegioII.  PASIPH^INEA. 

Pedes  lmi  2dique  chelati,  3tii  4tis  similes.  Maxillipedes  2di  tenuiter  pedi- 
formes. 

Fam.  1.  Pasipheide. — Mandibulae  uti  in  Atyidia. 

Legio  III.  PENiEINEA. 

Pedes  3tii  2dis  similes,  saepius  chelati,  3tiis  majoribus ;  nisi  chelati,  toti  vergi- 
formes  et  debiles. 

Fam.  1.  Peneide. — Pedes  3tii  bene  didactyli,  validiores,  2dis  similes.  Palpus 
mandibularis  latus. 

Fam.  2.  Sergestide. — Pedes  3tii  2dique  sive  vergiformes  sive  obsolete  chelati, 
lmis  vergiformibus.  Palpus  mandibularis  gracilis. 

Fam.  3.  Eucopide. — Pedes  3tii  2dique  vergiformes ;  lmi  maxillipedesque  ex- 
terni  aeque  monodactyli  et  subprehensiles,  digito  in  articulum  penultimum 
claudente.  Palpus  mandibularis  gracilis. 

Synopais  Subfamiliar  urn  Generumque  Crust  aceorum  Macrourorum  Viventium. 

Subtribus  I.  THALASSINIDEA. 

Legio  I.  THALASSINIDEA  EUBRANCHIATA. 

Fam.  1.  GEBiDiE. 

G.  1.  Gebia,  Leach. — Digitus  manus  inferior  obsolescens.  Pedes  2di  3tii  4ti 
5tique  monodactyli.  Rostrum  tridentatum.  Antennae  externae  squama 
basali  carentes. 

G.  2.  Axius,  Leach. — Manus  lata,  digito  inferiore  elongato.  Pedes  2di  minores, 
sublamellati,  didactyli;  3tii  4ti  Stique  monodactyli.  Rostrum  simplex, 
triangulatum.  Oculi  pigmento  perfecti.  Antennae  externae  squama 
basali  parva  instructae. 

G.  3.  Calocaris,  Bell.* — Manus  gracilis,  digito  inferiore  elongato.  Pedes  2di 
minores,  cheliformes,  3tii  4ti  5tique  monodactyli.  Rostrum  ac  in  Axio. 
Oculi  pigmento  corneaque  carentes.  Antennae  externae  squama  basali  parva 
instructae.  Segmentum  caudale  oblongum. 

G.  4.  Laomedia,  Be  Haan.j — Manus  ac  in  Axio.  Pedes  2di  monodactyli,  quo- 
que  3tii  et  4ti ;  5ti  obsoleti. 


“British  Crustacea,”  p-  231, 


+  Faun.  Japon.  Crust.,  p.  162. 


14 


[January, 


G.  5.  Glaucothoe,  Edw. — Manus  ac  in  Axio.  Pedes  2di  3tiique  pediformes  ac 
in  Paguro  ;  4ti  5tique  subcheliformes.  Antennarum  internarum  flagella 
articulo  precedente  breviora. 

Fam.  2.  Callianassid^e. 

G.  1.  Calljanarsa,  Leach. — Oeuli  sublamellati,  cornea  mediana  et  non  mar- 
ginali.  Flagella  antennarum  internarum  articulo  precedente  longiora. 
Pedes  lmi  grandes,  bene  didactyli ;  2di  didactyli  minores,  3tii  articulo  pe- 
nultimo  late  lamellati. 

G.  2.  Trtp^a,  D ana. — Pedibus  Callianassce  affinis.  Flagella  antennarum 
internarum  articulo  precedente  breviora,  antennis  subpediformibus. 

Fam.  3.  Thalassinid^. 

G.  1.  Thalassina,  Latreille. — Manus  validae,  multo  inaequae,  digito  immobili 
majoris  brevi.  Pedes  2di  articulo  penultimo  lamellati,  3tii  4ti  5tique  an- 
gusti,  monodactyli. 

Legio  2.  THALASSINIDEA  ANOMOBRANCHIATA. 

G.  1.  Callianidea,  Edw. — Pedibus  Callianassce  aflinis,  anticis  bene  didactylis, 
2dis  et  3tiis  minoribus,  didactylis,  compressis,  4tis  5tisque  subcylindricis. 
Oculi  ac  in  Callianassa. 

G.  2.  Cablisea. — (Isaea,  Guerin.  Callianisea,  Edw.)  Forsan  a  Callianidea 
nihil  differt,  teste  Edwardsio  (Crust,  ii.  321.) 

Subtribus  II.  ASTACIDEA. 

Fam.  1.  SCYLLARIDiE. 

1 .  Carapax  oblongus  vel  subquadratus,  non  transversus.  Oculi  versus  cephalo- 

thoracis  angulos  externos  insit i. 

G.  1.  Scyllarus,  Fabr. — Rostrum  valde  saliens.  Latera  carapacis  non  incisa. 
Antennae  externae  inter  se  fere  contiguae.  Palpus  maxillipedis  externi 
flagello  confectus.  Branchiae  numero  21.  Species,  Sc.  sculptzis,  latus, 
squamosus,  equinoxialis ,  Haanii,  Sieboldi. 

G.  2.  Arctus,  Dana ,  (Scyllari  subgenus  5tum,  De  Haan.) — Rostrum  perbreve, 
truncatum.  Antennae  externae  inter  se  remotae.  Palpus  maxillipedis 
flagello  carens.  Branchiae  19.  Sp.  A.  ursus,  D.  (Scyllarus  arctus,  Auct .) 

2.  Carapax  plus  minusve  transversus ,  lateribus  non  incisus.  Oculi  in  angulis 

externis. 

G.  3.  Thenus,  Leach. — Oculi  oblongi.  Rostrum  bilobatum.  Branchiae  21. 
Species.  T.  orientalis. 

3.  Carapax  plus  mimtsve  transversus ,  lateribus  incisus.  Oculi  angulis  externis 

valde  remoti. 

G.  4.  Parribacus,  Dana,  (Scyllari  subgenus  2dum,D«  Haan.) — Rostrum  sub- 
triangulatum.  Antennae  externae  inter  se  fere  contiguae.  Oculi  fere  in 
medio  inter  antennas  internas  et  angulos  cephalothoracis  externos. 
Branchiae  21.  Species.  P.  antarcticus  et  P.  Parrce  (Ibacus  antarcticus  et 
I.  Parrae,  Auct.) 

G.  5.  Ibacus,  Leach. — Rostrum  bilobatum.  Antennae  externae  inter  se  paulo 
remotae.  Oculi  versus  rostrum  insiti.  Branchiae  21.  Species.  I.  Pero nii, 
I.  cihatuSyDe  Haan,et  I.  novemdentatus ,  Gibbes.* 


*  Species  Scyllaridarum  enurneratae  in  “  Hist.  Nat.  des  Crustaces,”  Edwardsii 
editae,  sequentibus  exceptis :  Sc.  Ilaanii,  Siebold  (Faun.  Japon.  152,  pi.  38,  f.  1,)  Sc. 
Sieboldi,  De  Haan  (Faun.  Jap.  152,  pi.  36,  f.  1.)  ibacus  ciliatus,  Siebold,  (Faun.  Jap. 
153,  pi.  36,  f.  2,)  Ibacus  novemdentatus ,  Gibbes,  (Nuntiis  Assoc.  Sci.  Amer.  1850, 
Charlestonjiii,  193.) 


1852.] 


15 


Fam.  2.  Palin  urid^e. 

G.  1.  Palinurus,  Fair.  (Palinuri  communes,  Edw.)— Carapax  vix  rostratus. 
Annulus  antennalis  supra  angustissimus,  curvatus.  Antennae  externae  basi 
fere  contiguae.  Antennae  internae  flagellis  breves. — Linuparus,  Gray,  hie 
inclusus. 

G.  2.  Panulirus,  Gray ,  (Palinuri  longicornes,  Edw.)— Carapax  rostratus. 
Annulus  antennalis  supra  latus,  subquadratus  et  horizontalis.  Antennae 
externae  basi  non  contiguae;  antennae  internae  flagellis  longae. 

Fam.  3.  Eryondle. 

Genus  Eryon, '  Desmarest. 

Fam.  4.  Astacidae. 

1.  Manus  crassce  et  latce}  marginibus  areuatce ,  superficie  convexce  (Astacin je.) 

A.  Branchiae  19.  Segmentum  thoracis  ultimum  non  mobile  — Species  marinae. 

G.  1.  Homarus,  Edw. — Rostrum  tenue,  utrinque  paucidentatum.  Squama 
basalis  antennarum  externarum  perbrevis. 

B.  Branchiae  17 — 18.  Segmentum  thoracis  ultimum  mobile  Rostrum  integrum  vel 
utrinque  unidentatum. — Species  fluviales. 

G.  2.  Astacoides,  Guerin. — Segmentum  abdominis  maris  lmum  appendicibus 
carens. — Hie  referemus  subgenera  Erichsoni  Astacoides ,  Engaus  et  Cht- 
raps  * 

G.  3.  Astacus. —  Segmentum  abdominis  maris  lmum  appendicibus  instructum. 
Hie  referemus  subgenera  Erichsoni  Astacus  et  Cambarusy  illo  branchiis 
18,  hoc  branchiis  17,  instructo. 

2.  Manus  prismaticce  lateribus  fere  recta.  (Nephropin.e.) 

G.  4.  Nephrops,  Leach. — Rostrum  utrinque  dentatum  vel  spinosum.  Squama 
basalis  antennarum  externarum  basi  vix  longiores. —  Species  marinae. 

G.  5.  Paranefhrops,  White. \ — Rostrum  uti  in  Nephrope.  Squama  basalis 
antennarum  externarum  basi  dimidio  longiores. — Species  fluviales  ? 

Subtribus  III.  CARIDEA. 

Legio  I.  PALiEMONINEA. 

Fam.  I.  Crangonidae. 

Subfam.  1.  CRANGONINiE. — Pedes  lmi  2dis  crassiores.  Maxillipedes  externi 
pediformes.  Digitus  mobilis  in  palmam  claudens,  immobilis  spiniformis. 
Pedes  2di  non  annulati. 

G.  1.  Crangon,  Fabr. — Rostrum  brevissimum.  Oculi  liberi.  Pedes  2di  chelis 
armati,  4ti  5tique  acuminati,  gressorii. 

*  Archiv.  f.  Nat.  1846,  p.  86  et375.  Astaci  Subgenera  Erichsono  instituta  sequentia 
sunt. 

1.  Astacoides.  Pedes  abdominales  ramis  membranacei,  lmis  maris  obsoletis. 
Antennae  externae  internis  exteriores. 

2.  Astacus.  Pedes  abdominales  (lamellis  caudalibus  inclusis)  calcarei,  lmis  maris 
elongatis.  Antennae  externae  internis  exteriores.  Pedes  5ti  branchias  gerentes, 
branchiis  numero  18. 

3.  Cambarus.  Pedes  abdominales  (lamellis caudalibus  inclusis)  calcarei,  lmis  maris 
elongatis.  Antennae  externae  internis  exteriores.  Pedes  5ti  branchias  non  gerentes, 
branchiis  numero  17. 

4.  Cheraps.  Pedes  abdominales  calcarei,  lmis  maris  obsoletis;  lamellae  caudales 
partim  membranacei.  Antennae  externae  internis  exteriores.  Pedes  5ti  branchias 
non  gerentes,  branchiis  numero  17. 

5.  Eng^us.  Antennae  externae  sub  internis.  Pedes  5ti  branchias  gerentes,  branchiis 
numero  18. 

Textura  appendicium  abdominalium  discrimen  genericum  justum  non  videtur, 
necque  situs  antennarum  externarum.  An  auctoritatis  gravis  numerus  branchiarum  ? 
non  credimus 

+  A.  White,  in  Misc.  Zool.  Gray  79.  1842  et  “Voy.  Erebus  and  Terror,”  pi.  3,  f.  1, 


16  [January, 

G.  2.  Sabinea,  Owen* * * § — Rostrum  brevissimum.  Oculi  liberi.  Pedes  2di 
chelis  carentes ;  4ti  5tique  acuminati,  gressorii. 

G.  3.  Argis,  Kruyer. f — Rostrum  nullum.  Oculi  sub  carapace  fere  occulti. 
Pedes  2di  chelis  armati. 

G.  4.  Paracrangon,  Dana. — Rostrum  elongatum.  Oculi  liberi.  Pedes  2di 
obsoleti,  4ti  Stique  acuminati,  gressorii. 

Subfam.  2.  LYSMATINiE. — Pedes  lmi  2dis  crassiores.  Maxillipedes  externi 
pediformes.  Digiti  alter  ad  alterum  claudentes.  Pedes  2di  annulati. 

G.  1.  Nika,  Risso. — Rostrum  breve.  Antennae  internae  duobus  flagellis  con- 
fectae.  Pedes  antici  impares,  uno  chelato,  altero  monodactylo.  Carpus 
paris  2di  elongatus  annulatus. 

G.  2.  Lysmata,  Risso. — Rostrum  elongatum,  subensiforme.  Antennae  internae 
tribus  flagellis  confectae.  Pedes  antici  ambo  chelati.  Carpus  paris  2di 
elongate  filiformis. 

G.  3.  Cyclorhynchus,  De  Haan.f — Rostrum  sat  breve,  compressum  et  subor- 
biculare.  Carpus  2dus  brevis,  pauci-annulatus; 

Subfam.  3.  GNATHOPHYLLINiE.—  Pedes  2di  lmis  crassiores.  Maxillipedes 
externi  lati,  operculiformes. 

G.  1.  Gnathopiiyllum,  Latreille. 

Fam,  2.  Atyid^e. 

Subfam.  1.  ATYINiE. — Pedes  thoracici  palpo  non  instructi. 

G.  1.  Atya,  Leach. — Rostrum  breve,  depressum.  Antennae  internae  flagellis 
duobus  confectae.  Pedes  4  antici  sat  breves,  carpis  sublunatis,  cuspide 
inferiore  manum  ferente,  digitis  penecillo  setarum  longo  ad  apicem  armatis  ; 
3tii  5tis  multo  longiores  et  crassiores. 

G.  2.  Atyoida,  Randall .§ — Rostro,  antennis  pedibusque  anticis  Atyce  aflinis. 
Pedes  3tii  tenues,  5tis  breviores.  [An  distinctio  valida?] 

G.  3.  Caridina,  Edwards. — Rostrum  sat  breve  sat  longum.  Antennae  internae 
flagellis  duobus  confectae.  Pedes  2di  lmis  longiores,  digitis  parium  am- 
borum  apice  penecillatus,  carpis  lmis  perbrevibus  et  antice  excavatis,  2dis 
subcylindricis,  oblongis. 

Subfam.  2.  EPHYRIN.E. — Pedes  thoracici  palpo  instructi. 

G.  1.  Ephyra,  Roux ,  De  Haan.\\ — Rostrum  dentatum.  Antennae  internae 
flagellis  duobus  confectae.  Pedes  4  antici  parvi,  nudi  vel  nudiusculi. 
Pedes  6  postici  graciles. 

Fam.  3.  PALiEMONIDiE. 

Subfam.  1.  ALPHEIN^E. — Pedes  lmi  crassiores,  chelati,  2di  filiformes,  carpo 
saepius  annulati  et  chelati.  Mandibuli  palpigeri. 

G.  1.  Alpheus,  Fabr. — Rostrum  brevissimum.  Antennae  internae  flagellis 
duobus  confectae.  Oculi  sub  carapace  occulti.  Manus  paris  2di  major 
non  inversa,  digito  mobili  superiore.  Pedes  2di  carpo  filiformes,  annulati. 
Maxillipedes  externi  subtenues,  mediocres.  Species  maris  calidioris. 

G.  2.  Bet,eus,  Dana. — Rostrum  nullum.  Oculis  et  ceteris  Alpheo  plerumque 
affinis.  Manus  paris  2di  major  fere  inversa,  digito  mobili  inferiore  vel 
exteriore. — Species  maris  frigidioris. 


*  Owen,  Append.  “Voy.  Capt.  Ross,”  p.  82. —  Crangon  septemcarinatum,  Sabine, 

t  Tidskrift,  iv.  1843,  p.  217. 

t  Faun.  Japon.  Crust.,  p.  174. 

§  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Philad.  viii,  p.  140. 

II  De  Haan,  Faun.  Japon.  p.  185,  pi.  46,  f.  7. 


1852.] 


17 


G.  3.  Alope,  White.* — Rostrum  breve,  inter  spinas  duas  longas  insitum  hisque 
saepe  partim  celatum.  Antennae  internae  flagellis  duobus  confectae. 
Maxillipedes  externi  longissimi.  Oculi  paulo  salientes. 

G.  4.  Athanas,  Leach. — Rostrum  breve.  Antennae  internae  flagellis  tribus 
confectae.  Oculi  paulo  salientes.  Pedes  2di  carpo  annulati. 

G.  5.  Hippolyte,  Leach.] — Rostrum  sat  longum,  plus  minusve  ensiforme,  non 
mobile.  Abdomen  medio  deflexum.  Antennae  internae  flagellis  duobus 
confectae.  Oculi  salientes.  Pedes  2di  carpo  annulati. 

G.  6.  Rhyncocinetes,  Edw. — Rostrum  ensiforme,  mobile,  fronte  articulo 
conjunctum.  Oculi  antennaeque  uti  in  Hippolyte.  Pedes  2di  carpo  non 
annulati. 

[Ubi  pertinet  genus  sequens  ? 

G.  Autonomea,  Risso. — Pqfles  antici  crassi,  chelati.  Pedes  2di  non  chelati  et 
carpo  non  annulati,  3tiis  similes.  Maxillipedes  externi  tenues.  Rostrum 
breve.  Oculi  salientes.  Antennae  internae  flagellis  duobus  confectae ; 
externae  squama  basali  non  instructae.] 

Subfam.  2.  PAND  ALIN  Ail. — Pedes  antici  gracillimi,  non  chelati,  2di  filiformes, 
carpo  annulati. 

G.  Pandalus,  Leach. — 

Subfam.  3.  PALASMONINA5. — Pedes  4  antici  chelati,  2di  lmis  crassiores. 
Carpis  nullis  annulatis.  Pedes  nulli  palpigeri. 

1.  Antennae  internae  duobtis  flagellis  confectae.  Mandibulce  non  palpigerce. 

G.  1.  Pontonia,  Latr. — Corpus  depressum.  Rostrum  breve.  Oculi  parvuli. 
Maxillipedes  suboperculiformes,  articulo  2do  lato,  3tio  4toque  simul 
sumtis  longiore,  his  subcylindricis. 

G.  2.  CEdipus,  Lana. — (Pontonia,  Auct.)  Corpus  plus  minusve  depressum. 
Rostrum  longitudine  mediocre.  Oculi  permagni.  Maxillipedes  externi 
latiusculi,  articulis  totis  latitudine  fere  aequis.  Tarsi  infra  elongate 
gibbosi. 

G.  3.  Harpilius,  Lana.  (Pontonia,  Auct.]) — Corpus  non  depressum.  Rostrum 
longitudine  mediocre.  Oculi  magni.  Maxillipedes  suboperculiformes, 
articulo  2do  lato,  3tio  4toque  simul  sumtis  breviore,  his  subcylindricis. 
Tarsi  uncinati,  infra  non  gibbosi. 

G.  4.  Anchistia,  Lana. — Rostrum  tenue,  saepius  ensiforme  et  elongatum. 
Corpus  vix  depressum,  saepe  compressum.  Oculi  mediocres  ;  antennae 
duobus  flagellis  instructae,  una  parce  bifida.  Maxillipedes  externi  omnino 
tenues,  pediformes. 

2.  Mandibulce  palpigerce. 
a.  Oculi  aperti. 

G.  5.  Pal^emonella,  Lana. — Corpus  non  depressum.  Rostrum  sat  longum, 
dentatum.  Oculi  mediocres.  Mandibularum  palpus  bi-articulatus,  per- 
brevis.  Antennae  internae  flagellis  duobus  confectae,  uno  apicem  bifido. 
Maxillipedes  externi  tenues. 

G.  6.  Paljemon,  Fabr.\\ — Corpus  non  depressum.  Rostrum  longum,  dentatum. 
Oculi  mediocres.  Palpus  mandibularum  3-articulatus.  Antennae  internae 
flagellis  tribus  confectae.  Maxillipedes  externi  tenues.  Pedes  2di  nun- 
quam  lamellati. 


*  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  [2J,  i.  225. 

t  Periclimenes,  Costa,  (Ann  dell’  Acad,  degli  Aspir.  Nat.  di  Napoli,  ii,  1844,)  Hippo- 
Ijto  affinis  et  vix  differt,  teste  Erichsono.  Arch.  f.  Nat.  1846,  p.  310. 

t  Pontoniae  verae  CEdipis  et  Harpiliis  habitu  multodifferl ;  Pontoniarum  oculis  parvulis, 
abdomine  valde  inflexo,  et  modo  vitae  saepius  luti  in  Pinnotheris:  aliorum  oculi* 
pergrandibus,  abdomine  minus  inflexo,  animalibus  modo  vitae  liberis,  inter  ramos  coral- 
lorum  saepe  natantibus.  Pontonia  macrophthalma,  Edw.,  (Edipo  pertinet. 

II Leander,  Desnmrest,  (Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  France,  1849,  p.  87,)  a  Palernone  vix  differt, 
abdomine  ad  articulationem  3-tiam  inflexo  non  discrimine  valido. 

3 


18 


[January, 


G.  7.  Hymenocera,  Latr. — Corpus  non  depressum.  Rostrum  sat  longum.  Oculi 
mediocres.  Pedes  2di  tenuiter  laminati,  latissimi ;  lmi  tenuissimi,  manu 
minuta.  Maxillipedes  externi  subfoliacei. 

b.  Oculi  sub  carapace  celati. 

G.  8.  Cryphiops,  Da7ia. — Rostrum  longitudine  mediocre.  Oculi  parvuli, 
omnino  occulti.  Antennas  internae  flagellis  tribus  confectae.  Maxillipedes 
externi  subtenues. 

[Ubi  pertinet  Genus  Typton,  Costa ,  (Annal.  dell’  Acad,  degli  Aspir.  Nat. 

di  Napoli,  ii,  1844);  squama  basali  antennarum  externarum  carens ;  Pontoniae 

affinis.] 

Subfam.  4.  OPLOPHORINiE. — Pedes  lmi  sive  didactyli  sive  vergiformes ;  2di 
chelati,  crassiores.  Squama  antennarum  qpternarum  acuminata,  extus 
spinis  armata. 

G.  1.  Oplophorus,  Edw. — Corpus  non  compressum.  Rostrum  longum,  den- 
tatum.  Antennae  internae  flagellis  duobus  confectae.  Pedes  toti  palpigeri, 
4  antici  chelati.  [Abdominis  dorsum  processubus  spiniformibus  uno  vel 
pluribus  armatum.] 

G.  2.  Regulus,  j Dana. — Rostrum  longum,  dentatum.  Antennae  internae  flagellis 
duobus  confectae.  Pedes  nulli  palpigeri,  2  antici  non  chelati,  2di  crasse 
chelati.  Mandibularum  palpus  3-articulatus.  [Abdominis  segmentum 
3tium  dorso  postico  instar  spinae  longae  productum.] 

Legio  II.  PASIPHiEINEA. 

Fam.  I.  Pasipharda:. 

G.  1.  Pasiph^a,  Savigny. — Rostrum  obsolescens.  Antennae  internae  flagellis 
duobus  confectae.  Pedes  palpigeri,  palpis  elongatis.  Pedes  4  antici 
subaequi,  manubus  gracilibus. 

Legio  III.  PEN^EINEA. 

Fam.  1.  Penarda;. 

G.  1.  Sicyonia,  Edw. — Pedes  6  antici  lineares,  4  postici  non  annulati.  Carapax 
breviter  rostratus,  semicalcareus,  dorso  carinato.  Pedes  abdominales 
lamina  una  instructi.  Maxillipedes  2di  3tiique  non  palpigeri.  Antennae 
internae  perbreves. 

G.  2.  PENiEus,  Latr. — Pedes  6  antici  lineares,  4  postici  non  annulati.  Carapax 
elongato-rostratus,  rostro  ensiformi.  Pedes  abdominales  laminis  duabus 
instructi.  Maxillipedes  externi  bene  palpigeri. — Hie  referemus  genus 
“  Aristceus  ”  [Duvernoy,  Ann.  des  Sci.  Nat.  xv,  1841,  pi.  4.] 

G.  3.  Stenopus,  Latr. — Pedes  6  antici  lineares,  3  postici  longi,  annulati. 
Rostrum  longitudine  mediocre.  Maxillipedes  externi  brevissime  palpigeri. 

G.  4.  Spongicola,  DeHaan .* — Pedes  4  antici  filiformes,  2  sequentes  unus  vel 
ambo  crassissimi ;  4  postici  non  annulati.  Carapax  bene  rostratus,  rostro 
subensiformi.  Maxillipedes  externi  non  palpigeri. 

Fam.  2.  Sergestida:. 

G.  1.  Sergestes,  Edw. — Carapax  brevissime  rostratus.  Pedes  thoracis  non 
palpigeri,  2di  3tiique  obsolete  didactyli,  5ti  parvuli. 

G.  2.  Acetes,  Edw. — Carapax  minute  rostratus.  Pedes  thoracis  non  palpigeri, 
2di  3tiique  obsolete  didactyli,  5ti  obsoleti. 

G.  3.  Euphema,  Edw. — Carapax  bene  rostratus.  Pedes  thoracis  elongato-palpi- 
geri,”6  antici  didactyli,  manubus  parvulis,  4  postici  filiformes,  ciliati,  non 
annulati.  Branchiae  foliosae.  Abdomen  dorso  uni-spinosum — An  hujus 
sedis  est? 


•  Faun.  Japon.  Crust  p.  189,  tab.  46,  f.  9. 


1852.] 


19 


Fam.  3.  Eucopim. 

G.  1.  Eucopia,  Dana. — Carapax  non  rostratus,  fronte  integro.  Pedes  thoracis 
elongato-palpigeri,  palpis  natatoriis.  Maxillipedes  2di  3tii  et  pedes  lmi 
monodactyli  et  prehensiles,  unguiculo  ad  articulum  precedens  claudente. 

Descriptiones  Crustaeeorum  Macrourorum  adhuc  ineditce. 

Subtribus  I.  THALASSINIDEA. 

Legio  I.  THALASSINIDEA  EUBRANCHIATA. 

Fam.  Gebida:. 

Gebia  Pugettensis. — Frons  tridentatus,  dente  mediano  triangulatus,  super- 
ficie  superna  usque  ad  suturam  dorsi  transversam  scabra  et  hirsuta.  Manus 
marginibus  pilosa,  non  spinulosa  nec  dentata,  superficie  externa  laevis  non  cos- 
tata,  lineaque  dense  hirsuta  longitudinaliter  notata,  digito  inferiore  dentiformi, 
crasso,  acuto,  non  incurvato,  digito  mobili  elongato,  inermi,  margine  piloso. 
Pedes  2di  infra  longissime  ciliati.  Antennae  externae  quoad  basin  partim  pilosae, 
flagellis  paulo  hirsutis.  Segmentum  caudale  transversum,  rectangulatum,  inte¬ 
grum.  Hab.  in  freto  Pugettensi,  Oregoniae.  Long.  2". 

Fam.  Callianassid^e. 

Callianassa  gigas. — Frons  paulo  triangulatus.  Oculi  complanati.  Manus 
major  valde  compressa,  laevis,  carpo  non  duplo  longior,  digitis  brevibus,  dimidio 
manus  brevioribus,  sparsim  hirsutis,  consimilibus,  non  hiantibus,  superiore 
arcuato,  acuto,  brachio  angusto,  ad  basin  infra  dentigero  sed  vix  latiore,  paululo 
longiore  quam  corpus,  intus  vix  dentato.  Segmentum  caudale  appendicibus 
caudalibus  vix  brevius.  Hab.  in  freto  Pugettensi,  Oregoniae.  Long.  W. 

Tryp.ea  Australiensis. — Frons  non  triangulatus.  Pedes  antici  valde  com- 
pressi,  brachio  carpo  manuque  pedis  majoris  supra  acutis.  Manus  major  lata, 
laevis,  carpo  paululo  longior ;  digitis  fere  dimidii  manus  longitudine,  non  hianti¬ 
bus,  intus  subtiliter  denticulatis,  superiore  paulo  longiore,  arcuato,  carpo  paulo 
minore  quam  manus,  brachio  cum  processu  cultriformi  juxta  basin  infra  armato. 
Segmentum  caudale  non  longius  quam  latum,  postice  arcuatum.  Hab.  in  oris 
Illawarrae  Australiae  orientalis.  Long.  21". 

Fam.  Thalassinhle. 

Thalassina  gracilis. — Carapax  laevis,  rostro  perbrevi,  acuto,  margine  extra- 
orbitali  acuto.  Abdomen  sparsim  pubescens,  marginibus  integris,  segmento 
caudali  paulo  oblongo,  postice  bene  rotundato,  non  longiore  quam  appendices 
caudales.  Pedes  lmi  subaequi,  valde  compressi,  manu  angusto-elongata,  mar¬ 
gine  superiore  subacuto,  breviter  spinoso,  inferiore  integro  et  inermi,  digito 
mobili  paulo  breviore  quam  pars  manus  anterior,  angusto,  fere  recto,  seriatim 
pubescente,  digito  immobili  plus  dimidio  breviore,  acuto.  Pedes  6  postici 
tenues;  5ti  paulo  breviores.  Hab.  in  oris  insulae  “  Telegraph, juxta  “  Singa¬ 
pore.”  Long.  2i". 

Subtribus  II.  ASTACOIDEA. 

Fam.  S C YLL ARIDA3 . 

Arctus  Vitiensis. — Carapax  subtilissimis  plumulis  pubescens,  spina  pone 
medium  frontis  et  altera  gastrica  armatus,  versus  orbitam  utrinque  subcarinatus 
et  1 — 2-dentatus.  Antennae  internae  nudiusculae,  articulo  basis  penultimo  fere 
duplo  longiore  quam  ultimus.  Antennae  externae  extremitate  truncatae,  articulo 
ultimo  apice  5-lobato,  lobis  oblongis,  interno  breviore,  articulo  2do  ultimum 


20 


[January, 

fere  superante,  extus  unidentato,  intus  3-dentato,  superficie  carinata,  carina 
integrd.  Pedes  nudi,  subteretes,  inermes,  2dis  pergracilibus,  tarso  2do  duplo 
longiore  quam  3tius.  1 lab.  in  archipelago  Vitiensi  (“  Fejee  ”).  Long.  1". 

Fam.  Astacid^e. 

Astacus  leniusculus. — Rostrum  tridentatum,  dentibus  acutis,  medio  tenuiter 
elongato.  Carapax  laevis,  punctulatus,  lateraliter  pone  rostrum  utrinque  2-spi- 
nosus ;  areola  inter  suturas  longitudinales  post-dorsales  lata.  Pedes  antici 
compressi,  inermes,  non  tuberculati,  manu  laevi,  punctulata,  carpo  paulo  ob- 
longo,  intus  recto,  inermi,  apice  interno  acuto  excepto,  brachio  antice  denticu- 
lato,  apice  interno  elongate  acuto,  dorso  unispinoso.  Pedes  sequentes  nudius- 
culi.  Segmentum  caudale  parce  oblongum,  lateribus  fere  parallelis.  Pedes  5ti 
branchias  parvas  gerentes.  Hah.  flumine  “Columbia,”  Oregoniae.  Long.  A". 

Astacoides  nobilis. — Rostrum  sat  longum  fere  integrum,  apice  obtusum, 
utrinque  obsolete  unidentatum,  basi  antennarum  externarum  paulo  brevius. 
Carapax  lateraliter  infra  basin  rostri  obsolete  utrinque  armatus.  Abdominis 
segmenta  utrinque  paulo  uni-tuberculata,  junioris  tuberculis  obsolescentibus ; 
segmentum  2dum  prope  marginem  lateralem  spinis  brevibus  armatum;  seg¬ 
mentum  caudale  paulo  oblongum.  Pedes  antici  aequi,  crassi,  carpo  intus 
valde  trispinoso,  manu  infra  supraque  marginata  et  breviter  dentata,  superficie 
fere  laevi,  nuda.  Epistomatis  processus  medianus  anticus  triangulatus  et  valde 
elongatus,  et  perangustus.  Hab.  Australia  orientali  ?  Long.  5". 

Paranephrops  tenuicornis. — Rostrum  elongatum,  acuminatum,  tenue,  bases 
antennarum  longitudine  superans,  utrinque  4-spinosum  et  posterius  super  cara- 
pacem  utrinque  aliis  spinis  duabus.  Pedes  8  postici  gracillimi.  Pedes  antici 
longi,  manu  vix  crassiore  quam  carpus,  margine  superno  biseriatim  spinoso, 
superficiebus  interna  externaque  uniseriatim  spinosis,  margine  inferiore  et  super- 
fice  proxima  spinuli-scabris  et  non  seriatim  spinosis.  Hab.  in  fluminibus  prope 
portum  “  Bay  of  Islands,”  Novi-Zealandiae. 

Subtribus  III.  CARIDEA. 

Legiol.  PAL^EMONINEA. 

Fain.  Crangonidje. 

Subfam.  Crangoninje. 

Crangon  munitus. — Rostrum  brevissimum,  rotundatum.  Carapax  partim 
7-carinatus,  carina  medid  vel  prima  bispinosd,  2da  utrinque  unispinosa,  brevi, 
3tia  nuda,  4ta  unispinosa,  brevi.  Abdomen  laeve,  inerme.  Manus  nuda.  Pedes 
2di  3tiis  vix  breviores,  4ti  5tique  paulo  hirsuti,  5tis  minoribus.  Maxillipedes 
externi  utrinque  valde  ciliati.  Segmentum  caudale  apice  subacutum  et  quatuor 
setis  instructum.  Hab.  in  freto  Pugettensi.  Long.  1"  10'". 

Paracrangon  echinatus. — Rostrum  elongatum,  porrectum,  apice  bidentatum, 
dorso  unidentatum,  juxta  basin  infra  unispinosum,  spina  longa  porrecta.  Cara¬ 
pax  mullispinosus,  medio  dorso  inaeque  4-dentatus,  utrinque  5 — 7-spinosus. 
Abdomen  superne  partim  carinatum  superficie  paulo  scalptum,  lateribus  acutis. 
Manus  elongata,  digito  immobili  longo  et  gracillimo.  Pedes  4ti  5tique  fere 
nudi,  subaequi.  Hab.  in  freto  Pugettensi.  Long.  ll". 

Subfam.  LysmatinjE. 

Nika  Hawaiensis. — Rostrum  brevissime  triangulatum,  oculis  multo  brevius, 
latius  quam  longum.  Squama  antennarum  externarum  basi  internarum  parce 
brevior.  Pedes  antici  subaequi,  dexter  chelatus  nudiusculus.  Articulus  pedis 
2di  4tus  3tio  vix  longior,  non  annulatus;  carpus  11-articulatus,  articulis  quatuor 
lmis  vix  disjunctis.  Pedes  6  postici  subaequi,  nudiusculi,  gracillimi.  Hab. 
prope  insuiam  “  Maui  ”  Hawaiensem.  Long .  8'". 


1852.] 


Fam.  PALiEMONID^E. 
Subfam.  Alphein.®. 


21 


Genus  Alpheus. 

I.  Rostrum  margins  frontis  ortum ,  superficie  inter  oculos  seeping  leviter 
carinatd. 

A.  Antennarum  articulus  lmus  externarum  spina  externa  sive  nulla  sive  ob- 
solescente  armatus. 

1.  Manus  marginibus  inferiors  superioreque  versus  digitos  excavata.  Dene  anten¬ 
narum  internarum  basalis  articulo  lmo  non  longior.  Articulus  pedum  3 tiorum 
At  or  urn  3tius  omnino  inermis. 

a.  Orbit®  margo  inermis. 

Alpheus  strenuus. — Rostrum  elongatum,  acutum,  superficie  inter  oculos 
leviter  carinata.  Squama  antennarum  externarum  basalis  basi  non  longior. 
Articulus  antennarum  internarum  2dus  lmo  fere  duplo  longior.  Pedes  antici 
multo  inaequi,  manus  majoris  sinu  infero-marginali  concavo  et  non  triangulato, 
brachio  ad  apicem  internum  acute  uni-dentato  ;  manu  minore  angusto-oblonga, 
paulo  pubescente,  digitis  intus  dense  hirsutis,  pilis  apicem  digiti  mobilis  omnino 
celantibus.  Pedes  2di  3tiis  multo  longiores,  carpi  articulis  lmo  2doque  fere 
aequis,  2do  longiore  quam  5tus.  Hab.  insula  Tongatabu.  Long  12". 

Alpheus  pacificus. — Rostrum  breve,  acutum,  superficie  inter  oculos  breviter 
carinata.  Squama  antennarum  externarum  basalis  basi  plane  brevior ;  articulus 
antennarum  internarum  2dus  lmo  duplo  longior.  Pedes  antici  multo  inaequi ; 
manus  majoris  sinu  infero-marginali  profunde  triangulato,  brachio  apicem  inter¬ 
num  inermi;  manu  minore  angusto-oblonga,  paulo  pubescente,  digitis  intus 
dense  hirsutis,  apicibus  apertis.  Pedes  2di  3tiis  parce  longiores,  carpi  articulo 
2do  multo  breviore  quam  lmus,  vix  longiore  quam  5tus.  Hab .  insulis  Hawaien- 
sibus.  Long.  12". 

b.  Orbit®  margo  spinula  armatus. 

Alpheus  euchirus. — Rostrum  paulo  elongatum,  superficie  inter  oculos  cari¬ 
nate.  Squama  antennarum  externarum  basalis  basi  non  longior.  Articulus 
antennarum  internarum  2dus  lmo  paulo  longior.  Pedes  antici  multo  inaequi ; 
manus  majoris  sinu  infero-marginali  concavo ;  brachio  apicem  non  spinigero ; 
manu  minore  oblonga,  crassiuscula,  laevi,  digitis  extus  et  intus  leviter  laxeque 
pubescentibus.  Pedes  2di  3tiis  paulo  longiores,  carpi  articulo  lmo  duplo  lon¬ 
giore  quam  2dus,  manu  vix  breviore  quam  tres  articuli  precedentes  simul  sumti. 
Pedes  3tii  4tive  parce  criniti,  articulo  3tio  apicem  internum  brevissime  acuto, 
5to  intus  7 — S-setuloso,  setulis  paulo  confertis.  Hab.  in  freto  “  Balabac.” 
Long.  9"'. 

2.  Manus  margins  inferiors  integer.  Dens  antennarum  internarum  basalis  articulo 
primo  vix  longior. 

a.  Orbit®  margo  inermis. 

Alpheus  obeso-manus. — Rostrum  brevissimum,  in  carinam  paulo  postice 
productum.  Squama  antennarum  externarum  basalis  basi  non  brevior,  basi 
internarum  multo  brevior  ;  dens  internarum  basalis  perbrevis ;  articulus  2dus 
lmo  plus  duplo  longior.  Pedes  antici  valde  inaequi,  manu  majors  laevi,  elongata, 
obesa,  non  compressa,  versus  apicem  angustiore,  digito  mobili  perbrevi,  mallei- 
formi,  minore  lineari,  digitis  brevissimis.  Pedes  2di  portentose  elongati,  3tiis 
plus  duplo  longiores,  carpi  articulo  lmo  quadruplo  breviore  quam  2dus,  3tio  4to 
5toque  brevibus,  subaequis.  Articulus  pedis  3tii  3tius  apice  inferiore  acutus. 
Hab.  in  archipelago  “  Viti.”  Long.  9'". 

Alpheus  crinitus. — Rostrum  acutum,  superficie  inter  oculos  carinata. 
Squama  antennarum  externarum  basalis  basi  harum  parce  brevior,  basi  interna¬ 
rum  paulo  brevior ;  dens  internarum  basalis  perbrevis.  Articulus  antennarum 
internarum  2dus  lmo  duplo  longior.  Pedes  antici  multo  inaequi;  manu  wwjor? 
obesa,  parce  compressa,  infra  rotundata,  omnino  laevi,  partim  leviter  pubescente, 


22 


[January, 


digitis  perbrevibus,  (manu  quadruplo  brevioribus),  digito  mobili  arcuato ; 
minore  oblonga,  leviter  crinita,  digitis  parte  manus  ante  digitos  paulo  brevioribus. 
Pedes  2di  valde  elongati,  3tiis  sesquilongiores,  articulo  carpi  2do  parce  longiore 
quam  lmus,  3tio  4to  5tove  oblongo,  uno  alterum  fere  aequante.  Pedes  3tii  4tive 
leviter  criniti,  articulo  3tio  apicem  inferiorem  dentigero.  Hab.  in  freto  “  Bala- 
bac.”  Long .  10'". 

Alpheus  mitis. — Rostrum  acutum,  superficie  inter  oculos  carinata.  Squama 
antennarum  externarum  basalis  basi  harum  internarumve  parce  longior.  Arti- 
culus  antennarum  internarum  2dus  lmo  paulo  longior,  densque  basalis  articulo 
lmo  fere  longior.  Pedes  antici  inaequi ;  manu  majore  laevi,  paulo  compressa, 
marginibus  rotundata,  digitis  regularibus,  manu  fere  triplo  brevioribus ;  minore 
simili,  angustiore.  Pedes  2di  3tiis  multo  longiores,  articulo  carpi  2do  lmum 
longitudine  aequante,  3tio  4tove  oblongo,  parce  breviore  quam  5tus,  manu  per- 
brevi.  Pedes  3tii  4tique  fere  nudi,  articulo  3tio  apicem  internum  non  acuto. 
Hab.  in  freto  “Balabac.”  Long.  9"'.  An  femina  A.  Lottinii  ? 

b.  Orbit*  tnargo  spinula  denteve  armatus. 

Alpheus  acuto-femoratus. — Rostrum  acutum  postice  inter  oculos  produc- 
tum.  Squama  antennarum  externarum  basalis  basibus  antennarum  non  longior. 
Dens  basalis  antennarum  internarum  brevis,  articulus  2dus  lmo  parce  longior. 
Orbitae  margo  acutus  sed  spina  non  productus.  Pedes  2di  3tiis  sat  longiores, 
carpi  articulo  lmo  brevi,  2do  plus  duplo  longiore  quam  lmus.  Pedes  3tii,  4ti- 
que  crassiusculi,  articulo  2do  3tioque  apicem  inferiorem  instar  spinae  elongate 
acuto.  [Pedibus  anticis  specimen  nobis  mutilatum.]  Hab.  in  freto  “Balabac.” 
Long  9"'. 

B.  Articulus  antennarum  externarum  lmus  spina  externa  armatus. 

a.  Orbitae  margo  inermis. 

Alpheus  parvi-rostris. — Corpus  nudum.  Rostrum  acutum,  breve,  super¬ 
ficie  inter  oculos  carinata.  Squama  antennarum  externarum  basalis  basi  utro- 
que  paulo  longior ;  spina  basalis  mediocris ;  dens  internarum  basalis  brevis ;  arti¬ 
culus  2dus  lmo  vix  longior.  Pedes  antici  valde  inaequi,  manu  majore  crassissima, 
marginibus  ambobus  indentata,  superficie  externa  partim  sulcata,  digitis  per¬ 
brevibus,  digito  mobili  extus  arcuato ;  manu  minore  regulari,  pubescente.  Pedes 
2di  3tiis  paulo  longiores,  articulo  carpi  lmo  fere  duplo  longiore  quam  2dus, 
manu  brevi.  Pedes  3tii  4tique  crassiusculi,  articulo  3tio  apicem  inferiorem 
unidentato.  Hab.  in  freto  “  Balabac.”  Long.  8"'. 

b.  Orbit®  margo  spinula  denteve  armatu*  vix  breviore  quam  rostrum. 

Alpheus  tridentulatus. — Rostrum  perbreve,  dentiforme.  Squama  antenna¬ 
rum  externarum  basalis  basi  brevior,  basi  internarum  vix  brevior,  spina  exter¬ 
narum  basalis  mediocris,  spina  internarum  longissima,  articulo  lmo  multo 
longior ;  articulus  2dus  lmo  non  longior.  Pedes  antici  valde  inaequi,  manu 
majore  laevi,  paulo  compressa,  marginibus  late  rotundata,  digitis  perbrevibus, 
manu  triplo  brevioribus.  Pedes  2di  3tiis  paulo  longiores,  articulo  carpi  lmo 
quadruplo  longiore  quam  2dus,  2do  perbrevi,  vix  longiore  quam  3tius.  Arti¬ 
culus  pedum  3tiorum  4torumve  3tius  apice  interno  inermis.  Hab.  in  portu  “Rio 
Janeiro  ”?  Long.  10'". 

Alpheus  neptunus. — Frons  elongate  trispinosus,  rostro  spinisque  orbitalibus 
praelongis,  aequis.  Squama  antennarum  externarum  basalis  basi  brevior  et  spina 
externa  elongata ;  spina  internarum  basalis  longa,  articulo  2do  breviore  quam 
lmus.  Pedes  antici  multo  inaequi,  manu  majore  laevi,  paulo  compressa,  margi¬ 
nibus  rotundata,  digitis  brevibus,  manu  triplo  brevioribus,  digito  mobili  supra 
arcuato;  manu  minore  angusta.  Pedes  2di  3tiis  longiores,  articulo  carpi  lmo 
quadruplo  longiore  quam  2dus,  2do  3tio  4toque  inter  se  fere  aequis,  non  oblongis. 
Articulus  pedum  sequentium  3tius  apice  inferiore  inermis.  Hab.  in  mari 
Suluensi.  Long .  8 — 9'". 


1852.]  23 

II.  Rostrum  inter  oculorum  bases  ortum,  sulco  pro  fun  do  in  carapace  utrinque 
juxta  rostrum  excavato. 
a.  Orbitae  margo  inermis. 

Alpheus  pugnax. — Rostrum  acutum,  anguste  triangulatum,  planum,  inter 
oculorum  bases  ortum.  Spina  antennarum  externarum  basalis  parva ;  squama 
basi  paulo  longior.  Spina  antennarum  externarum  basalis  articulo  lmo  non 
brevior,  articulus  2dus  brevis,  3tius  squamam  externarum  non  superans.  Pedes 
antici  inaequi;  majore  elongata,  laevi,  marginibus  rotundata,  supra  anguste 
emarginata,  digitis  brevibus  (manu  triplo  brevioribus),  brachio  apicibus  instar 
spinae  acuto.  Pedes  2di  longi,  articulo  carpi  lmo  dimidio  breviore  quam  2dus. 
Pedes  3tii  4tique  graciles,  articulo  3tio  apicem  inferiorem  xmi-dentato.  Hub.  ad 
insulam  “  Maui ”  Hawaiensem.  Long.  12"'. 

Alpheus  diadema.— Rostrum  latum,  apice  triangulatum  et  acutum,  inter 
oculorum  bases  ortum,  lateribus  concavis.  Spina  basalis  antennarum  omnium 
brevis ;  squama  externarum  basi  utroque  longior.  Pedes  2di  3tiis  parce 
longiores,  articulo  carpi  lmo  paulo  longiore  quam2dus  vel  5tus,  3tio4tove  parce 
oblongo.  Pedes  3tii  4tive  5tis  valde  crassiores,  articulo  3tio  apicem  inferiorem 
unidentato.  Hab.  ad  insulam  “Maui”  Hawaiensem.  Long.  10'". 

b.  Orbitae  margo  spinula  denteve  armatus. 

Alpheus  l^evis. — (Randall,  Jour  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Philad.  viii.) 

Alpheus  malleator. — Rostrum  perbreve,  triangulatum,  inter  oculorum  bases 
ortum.  Spina  orbitalis  brevis.  Squama  antennarum  externarum  basalis  basi 
brevior ;  spina  basalis  externarum  mediocris,  internarum  brevissima ;  articulus 
2dus  internarum  lmo  sesqui  longior.  Pedes  antici  inaequi ;  manus  majoris 
superficie  superna  et  interna  partim  minute  tuberculata,  margine  superiore 
sulcato,  juxta  articulationem  digiti  2 — 3-inciso,  digitis  perbrevibus,  mobili  mal- 
leiformi,  obtuso.  Pedes  2di  3tiis  parce  longiores,  articulo  carpi  lmo  duplo 
longiore  quam  2dus.  Pedes  3tii  crassiusculi,  articulo  3tio  apicem  inferiorem 
obtuso.  Hab.  in  portu  Rio  Janeiro  ?  Long.  2j". 

Genus  Betjeus. 

BetjEus  truncatus. — Frons  truncatus,  medio  non  emarginatus.  Squama 
antennarum  externarum  basi  non  longior  ;  spina  externa  brevis  ;  spina  interna¬ 
rum  basalis  praelonga,  articuli  basales  elongati,  subaequi.  Pedes  antici  multo 
inaequi,  manu  majore  longa,  sublineari,  valde  compressa,  fere  laevi,  scabricula, 
digitis  longis,  fere  dimidii  manus  longitudine,  mobili  terete.  Pedes  2di  Stiis 
sat  longiores,  carpo  sat  brevi,  articulo  carpi  lmo  plus  duplo  longiore  quam  2dus, 
2do  3tio  4toque  brevibus.  Articulus  pedum  sequentium  3tius  omnino  inermis. 
Hab.  Fuegia  in  mari  prope  insulam  “  Hermite,”  pedibus  sexaginta  altitudine. 
Long.  15"'. 

Betjeus  jEQuimanus. — Frons  medio  profunde  incisus.  Squama  antennarum 
externarum  basalis  basi  paulo  brevior ;  spina  externa  perbrevis  ;  spina  interna¬ 
rum  basalis  praelonga,  articulo  2do  multo  breviore  quam  primus.  Pedes  antici 
aequi,  manu  laevi,  compressa,  digitis  perbrevibus.  Pedes  2di  3tiis  sat  longiores, 
articulo  carpi  lmo  plus  duplo  longiore  quam  2dus,  2do  3tio  4toque  perbrevibus. 
Articulus  pedum  sequentium  3tius  omnino  inermis.  Hab.  in  portu  “Bay  of 
Islands,”  ad  insulas  “  Black  Rocks,”  Novi-Zealandiae. 

Bet^us  scabro-digitus. — Frons  leviter  arcuatus,  medio  obsolete  excavatus. 
Squama  antennarum  externarum  basalis  mediocris,  basi  parce  brevior,  basin 
internarum  fere  aequans ;  flagellum  late  compressum ;  spina  externa  brevis ; 
spina  internarum  basalis  longa.  Pedes  antici  femince  valde  inaequi,  manu  ma¬ 
jore  mediocri,  leviuscula,  compressa,  margine  inferiore  rotundata,  digitis  scabri- 
culis,  dimidio  manus  paulo  brevioribus,  vix  dentigeris ;  maris  aequi,  crassiores, 
digitis  brevibus,  valde  incurvatis,  immobili  crasse  unidentato.  Pedes  2di  3tiis 
paulo  longiores,  articulo  carpi  lmo  plus  duplo  longiore  quam  2dus,  2do  3tio  4toque 
brevibus.  Articulus  pedum  sequentium  3tius  extus  prope  basin  spina  armatus. 
Hab.  juxta  urbem  “  Valparaiso  ”  Chilensem.  Long,  lj" 


24 


[January, 


Genus  Hippolyte. 

1.  Rostrum  in  dorsum  non  productum. 

Hippolyte  acuminatus. — Rostrum  elongate  acuminatum,  subensiforme,  apice 
parce  recurvatum,  squama  antennali  non  brevius,  medio  margine  supra  infraque 
unidentatum.  Carapax  supra  oculum  unispinosus.  Antennarum  flagellum 
brevius  internarum  5 — 6-articulatum,  apicem  rostri  non  superans.  Pedes  antici 
perbreves,  manu  ovata.  Pedes  2di  3tiis  breviores,  carpo  3-articulato.  Maxilli- 
pedes  externi  basin  antennarum  externarum  superantes,  pubescentes.  Tarsi 
pedum  6  posticorum  infra  spinulosi.  Hab.  in  mari  Atlantico  cum  Sargasso 
lat.  bor.  36°  07' — 4°  07%  long,  occid.  20°  43' — 71°  36'.  A  tenuirostrato 
Edw.  difFert,  dorso  in  regione  gastrico  spina  non  armato,  margine  rostri  inferiore 
unidentato  tantum. 

Hippolyte  exilirostratus. — Rostrum  longum,  omnino  angustissimum,  versus 
apicem  non  latior,  rectum,  apice  acutum,  supra  4-spinosum,  infra  rectum,  inte¬ 
grum.  Antennarum  flagellum  brevius  internarum  apicem  rostri  multum  supe¬ 
rans,  multiarculatum.  Maxillipedes  externi  elongati,  apicem  basis  antennarum 
externarum  multum  superantes.  Pedes  antici  perbreves,  manu  subovata,  fere 
per  ejus  latus  carpo  articulata.  Pedes  2di  3tiis  breviores,  carpo  3-articu¬ 
lato;  6  sequentes  nudiusculi,  tarsis  infra  spinulosis,  spinulis  apicis  longis  reliquis 
brevissimis.  Hab.  in  portu  “  Rio  Janeiro. ”  Long.  6 — S'". 

Hippolyte  obliquimanus. — Rostrum  longum,  tenuiter  laminatum,  rectum, 
versus  apicem  verticaliter  latior,  infra  non  rectum  2-dentatum,  supra  4-denta- 
tum,  apice  bifidum.  Flagellum  antennarum  internarum  minus  apicem  rostri 
superans,  majus  paulo  longius.  Pedes  antici  perbreves,  manu  subovata  carpo 
manu  multo  breviore,  vix  oblongo.  Pedes  2di  3tiis  breviores,  carpo  3-articulato. 
Tarsi  pedum  6  sequentium  infra  spinulosi,  spinulis  apicis  longis,  deinde  sensim 
brevioribus.  Hab .  in  portu  Rio  Janeiro.  Long.  S'". 

2.  Rostrum  in  dorsum  prodtictum. 

Hippolyte  brevirostris.  —  Rostrum  breve  (basi  antennarum  internarum 
multo  brevius)  acutum,  spiniforme,  dorso  breviter  productum,  supra  4-spi¬ 
nosum,  spinis  inter  se  aeque  remotis.  Maxillipedes  externi  longi,  squamam 
antennalem  longe  superantes.  Pedes  antici  crassiusculi,  manu  oblonga.  Pedes 
2di  3tiis  longiore,  carpo  elongato,  7-articulato.  Hab.  in  freto  “  de  Fuca,”  juxta 
portum  “  Dungeness.”  Long  H". 

Hippolyte  lamellicornis. — Rostrum  longum  verticaliter  latissimum,  fere  ad 
thoracis  basin  productum,  apice  bifidum,  supra  sinuosum,  super  cephalothoracem 
4-spinosum,  anterius  6-spini-dentatum,  spinulis  inaequis,  totis  inter  se  subaeque 
remotis,  infra  triangulatum,  2-dentatum.  Antennae  internae  rostro  parce  longiores. 
Pedes  antici  gracillimi,  2dis  paulo  crassiores.  Pedes  2di  3tiis  vix  breviores, 
carpo  elongato,  7-articulato,  articulo  carpi  3tio  longo.  Tarsi  pedum  sequentium 
fere  inermes,  spinulis  versus  basin  subtilissimis.  Maxillipedes  externi  apice 
spinulosi,  articulo  ultimo  supra  pubescente.  Hab.  in  freto  “  de  Fuca”  Oregoniae, 
juxta  portum  “  Dungeness.  Long,  li — 2". 

Subfam.  Pandalinje. 

Pandalus  pubescentulus. — Carapax  dense  brevissimeque  pubescens,  mar¬ 
gine  infra  oculum  bispinoso.  Rostrum  squama  antennali  longius,  ensiforme, 
paulo  recurvatum  sed  apice  non  altius  quam  dorsum,  supra  16 — 18-dentatum, 
dentibus  parvulis  et  fere  ad  dorsi  medium  continuatis,  versus  apicem  edentulum, 
infra  7-dentatum,  apice  bifidum.  Pedes  toti  nudiusculi,  3tii  4ti  5ti  longitudine 
sensim  decrescentes,  3tii  longi,  lmi  articulis  2dorum  tribus  primis  longiores. 
Hab.  in  freto  “  de  Fuca  ”  Oregoniae,  juxta  portum  “  Dungeness.”  Long.  5". 

Subfam.  Pal^emoniNjE. 

Pontonia  TaiDACNiE. — Corpus  depressum.  Carapax  nudus,  laevis,  paulo  ob- 
longus,  rostro  triangulato,  obtuso.  Antennae  internae  perbreves,  flagellis  sub- 
aequis,  articulis  duobus  precedentibus  non  oblongis.  Squama  antennarum  exter- 


1852.] 


25 


narum  basalis  apicem  rostri  non  superans;  flagellum  rostro  paulo  longius. 
Pedes  antici  longiores,  tenues,  digito  dimidio  breviore  quam  manus  ;  2di  crassi- 
usculi,  breves,  subaequi,  manu  oblonga,  digitis  manu  plus  dimidio  brevioribus, 
brachio  ultra  carapacem  parce  saliente.  Pedes  6  postici  breves,  aequi,  nudi. 
Hab.  in  concha  Tridacnae  maris  juxta  insulam  “Tutuila”  Samoensen  (vel 
«  Navigator’s.”)  Long,  fere  8"' ;  vel  abdomine  inflexo,  4"'. 

QEdipus  superbus. — Corpus  paulo  depressum.  Rostrum  horizontaliter  latum, 
oblongo-triangulatum,  rectum,  superne  medio  costatumet  5-serratum,  infra  prope 
apicem  2-serratum,  squama  basali  antennarum  externarum  plus  duplo  brevius, 
basi  internarum  paulo  brevius.  Pedes  antici  tenues,  manu  breviter  villosa, 
proximi  aequi,  crassissimi,  manu  magnitudine  portentosa,  plus  dimidio  longiore 
quam  carapax,  tumida,  versus  basin  crassiore,  digito  mobili  plus  quadruplo 
breviore  quam  manus,  angusto,  tenuiore  quam  immobilis  et  margine  externo 
angulate  sinuoso.  Oculi  magni.  Hab.  insula  “  Tongatabu.”  Long.  10'". 

(Edipus  gramineus. — Corpus  paulo  depressum.  Rostrum  angustum,  rectum, 
squama  basali  antennarum  externarum  fere  dimidio  brevius,  basin  internarum 
longitudine  aequans,  supra  4-dentatum,  infra  prope  apicem  1-dentatum.  Oculi 
magni.  Pedes  antici  elongati,  antennis  internis  non  breviores.  Pedes  2di  aequi, 
crassissimi,  manu  magnitudine  portentosa,  plus  dimidio  longiore  quam  carapax, 
inflata,  versus  basin  crassiore,  digito  plus  quadruplo  breviore  quam  manus, 
sublunato,  extus  integro,  arcuato.  Hab.  archipelago  “  Viti.”  Long.  S'". 

Harpilius  lutescens. — Corpus  paulo  depressum.  Rostrum  angustum,  parce 
recurvatum,  squama  antennali  paulo  brevius,  basi  internarum  multo  longius, 
supra  7 — 8-dentatum,  infra  prope  medium  1-dentatum.  Pedes  antici  manu 
sparsim  pubescentes ;  2di  angusti,  manu  gracili,  fere  lineari,  digitis  linearibus 
vix  dimidii  manus  longitudine.  Hab.  insula  “Tongatabu.”  Long.  1"'. 

Anchistia  gracilis. — Rostrum  tenue,  rectum,  acutum,  longum,  squama 
antennali  fere  brevius,  basi  antennarum  internarum  longius,  supra  6-dentatum, 
dente  postico  inter  oculos,  infra  unidentatum.  Antennarum  internarum  articuli 
2dus  3tiusque  perbreves.  Pedes  2di  longi,  carpo  perbrevi,  apice  acuto,  brachio 
apice  externo  acuto,  manu  subcylindrica,  digitis  manu  fere  triplo  brevioribus. 
Hab.  in  mari  Suluensi.  Long.  9'". 

Anchistia  longimana. — Rostrum  elongatum,  acutum,  basi  angustum,  tenue, 
supra  6-dentatum,  dente  postico  oculis  posteriore.  Antennae  internag  elongatae, 
articulis  basalibus  2do  3tioque  longissimis,  apice  2di  extremitatem  rostri  fere 
attingente,  3tio  dimidii  rostri  longitudine.  Pedes  2di  praelongi,  aequi,  brachio 
apicem  rostri  multo  superante,  carpo  elongate  obconico,  apice  interno  spinigero, 
manu  longa  angusta,  digitis  dimidio  manus  multo  brevioribus.  Long.  6 — S'". 

Anchistia  ensifrons. — Rostrum  ensiforme,  valde  recurvatum,  squama  anten¬ 
nali  non  longius,  apice  bifidum,  supra  6 — 7-dentatum,  infra  paulo  dilatatum  et 
3-dentatum.  Carapax  super  orbitam  spina  armatus,  infra  orbitam  spinis  duabus 
in  eadem  linea  horizontali.  Antennae  internae  rostrum  parce  superantes.  Pedes 
antici  graciles,  apicem  carpi  2di  non  attingentes  ;  2di  crassiusculi,  subcylindrici, 
per  carpum  manumque  rostrum  superantes,  carpo  longo,  apice  inermi,  obtuso, 
manu  praelonga,  lineari,  digitis  dimidio  manus  paulo  brevioribus.  Pedes  6-se- 
quentes  gracillimi,  longi,  fere  nudi.  Hab.  in  freto  “  Balabac.”  Long.  8 — 9"'~ 

Anchistia  aurantiaca. — Corpus  vix  depressum.  Rostrum  angustum,  inte¬ 
grum,  basis  antennarum  internarum  longitudine,  squama  externarum  paulo 
brevius.  Pedes  antici  superficie  manus  interna  prope  basin  dense  Iaxeque 
pubescentes.  Pedes  2di  graciles,  manu  parce  crassiore  quam  carpus,  fere 
lineari,  digitis  dimidio  manus  multo  brevioribus,  parce  pubescentibus,  angustis. 
Hab.  archipelago  “  Viti.”  Long.  6'". 

Pal^monella  tenuipes. — Rostrum  rectum,  non  reflexum,  squama  antennali 
non  longius,  supra  6 — 7-dentatum,  dentibus  inter  se  fere  aeque  remotis,  infra 
2-dentatum  et  non  dilatatum,  apice  acutum.  Pedes  2di  valde  elongati,  apice 
brachii  apicem  rostri  vix  superante  et  infra  supraque  acuto,  carpo  dimidii  manus 
longitudine,  'apice  spina  armato,  digitis  dimidio  manus  brevioribus.  Pedes 
6  postici  gracillimi  fere  nudi.  Hab.  in  mari  Suluensi.  Long.  S'". 

4 


26 


[January, 


Pal^monella  orientalis. — Rostrum  rectum,  non  recurvatum,  squama  anten- 
nali  non  longius,  apice  acutum,  supra  6-dentatum,  dentibus  inter  se  fere  aeque 
distantibus,  infra  1-dentatum.  Pedes  2di  crassiusculi,  subcylindrici,  apice 
brachii  apicem  rostri  non  attingente  et  non  acuto,  carpo  breviore  quam  dimi- 
dium  manus,  apice  non  acuto,  digitis  dimidio  manus  brevioribus.  Pedes  6  pos- 
tici  fere  nudi,  graciles.  Hab.  in  mari  Suluensi.  Long.  8"',  (feminae  ovigerae.) 

Genus  Pal^emon. 

1.  Carapax  margine  antico  infra  oculum  spinis  duabus  armatus. 

PaLjEmon  debjlis. — Rostrum  praelongum,  gracile,  paulo  recurvatum,  squama 
antennali  multo  longius,  apice  bifidum,  dimidio  apicali  supra  integro,  basali 

4 —  6-dentato,  margine  inferiore  6 — 9-dentato.  Antennarum  internarum  flagella 
duo  longe  conjuncta.  Pedes  nudi,  inermes ;  lmi  2dique  inter  se  subaequales, 
parvuli,  gracillimi,  manu  dimidio  carpi  paulo  longiore,  non  incrassata.  Flagel¬ 
lum  antennarum  internarum  minus  perbreve.  Var.  a,  Rostrum  supra  4-denta- 
tum,  infra  6-dentatum ;  var.  (£,  attenuatus — Rostrum  longissimum,  supra  6-denta¬ 
tum  et  infra  9-dentatum.  Hab.  insulis  Hawaiensibus.  Long.  12 — 15'". 

PaL/Emon  exilimanus. — Rostrum  lanceolatum,  apice  brevi  deflexum,  supra 
paulo  arcuatum  et  6-serratum,  infra  3-serratum,  squamam  antennalem  non 
superans.  Flagella  duo  antennarum  internarum  parce  conjuncta.  Pedes  antici 
gracillimi,  manu  plus  duplo  breviore  quam  carpus ;  2di  non  crassiores,  nudi, 
manu  duplo  longiore,  carpo  dimidio  longiore  quam  manus,  digitis  dimidio  manus 
paulo  brevioribus.  Pedes  duo  postici  tenuissimi,  prorsum  porrecti  apicem  rostri 
superantes.  Hab.  archipelago  “  Viti.”  Long.  11". 

PaLjEmon  concinnus. — Rostrum  gracillimum,  squama  antennali  vix  longius, 
basi  antennarum  internarum  multo  longius,  ensiforme,  fere  rectum,  apice  bifi¬ 
dum  vel  trifidum  dorsoque  nou  altius,  infra  remote  minuteque  5-serratum,  supra 

5 —  6-serratum,  dente  lmo  vel  externo  a  extremitate  rostri  remoto,  penultimo 
inter  oculos.  Maxillipedes  externi  apicem  basis  anternarum  externarum  paulo 
superantes,  hirsuti.  Pedes  lmi  apicem  squamae  antennalis  fere  attingentes. 
Pedes  duo  postici  praelongi,  tenuissimi,  articulo  4to  apicem  maxillipedis  externi 
fere  attingente.  Hab.  archipelago  “  Viti.”  Long.  If'". 

2.  Carapax  margine  antico  infra  oculum  spina  unci  armatus ^  poneque  hanc 

alterd  minor e. 

PaLjEMOn  grandimanus. — Randall ,  Jour  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  viii.  142. 

Paljemon  lanceifrons. — Rostrum  late  elevatum,  lanceolatum,  supra  arcua¬ 
tum  et  12-serratum,  apice  vix  recurvatum,  infra  3-serratum,  squamam  antenna¬ 
lem  longitudine  non  superans.  Pedes  antici  gracillimi,  carpo  plus  duplo  longiore 
quam  manus.  Pedes  2di  longissimi  (corpore  longiores),  fere  cylindrici,  manu 
graciliore  et  non  breviore  quam  carpus,  scabricula,  digitis  brevibus,  superiore 
hirsute.  Pedes  postici  si  prorsum  porrecti  apicem  rostri  superantes.  Hab. 
insula  “  Luzon,”  archipelagi  Phillipensis,  prope  portum  “  Manila.”  Long.  2". 

PaljEmon  acutirostris.  ■*—  Rostrum  lanceolatum,  apice  non  recurvatum, 
squamfi  antennali  non  longius,  supra  14 — 1 6-dentatum,  dentibus  confertis,  et 
usque  ad  apicem  continuatis,  infra  4 — 5-dentatum.  Maxillipedes  externi  medio- 
cres.  Pedes  antici  gracillimi,  manu  dimidii  carpi  longitudine.  Pedes  2di  longi, 
tenues,  omnino  bene  scabri,  manu  paree  crassiore  et  duplo  longiore  quam  car¬ 
pus,  digitis  dimidio  manus  brevioribus,  apice  carpi  rostrum  paulo  superante. 
Pedes  sequentes  inermes.  Hab.  insulis  Hawaiensibus.  Long.  21 — 3". 

PaLjEmon  equidens. — Rostrum  recte  ensiforme,  verticaliter  sat  latum,  apice 
parce  reflexum,  squama  antennali  non  brevius,  supra  rectiusculum  et  10 — 11- 
dentatum,  dentibus  inter  se  fere  aeque  remotis,  et  supra  tertiam  partem  dorsi 
carapacis  continuatis,  duobus  terminalibus  minoribus  et  fere  apicalibus ;  infra 
arcuatum  et  6-dentatum.  Pedes  lmi  rostrum  multo  superantes.  Pedes  2di 
longi,  subcylindrici,  subtilissim£  spinulosi,  brachii  apice  apicem  rostri  attin¬ 
gente,  Hab.  in  mari  prope  portum  “  Singapore.”  Long.  41". 

Cryfhiofs  spinuloso-manus. — Rostrum  triangulatum,  squama  antennali  bre- 


27 


1852.] 

vius,  basin  antennarum  internarum  superans,  supra  aeque  7-dentatum,  infra  prope 
apicem  unidentatum.  Pedes  2di  lmos  vix  superantes,  minute  spinulosi,  manu 
plus  duplo  longiore  quam  carpus,  digitis  dimidio  manus  longioribus,  apice  minute 
cochleari-excavatis.  Pedes  antici  nudiusculi,  manu  infra  hirsuta.  Pedes  6 
postici  quoque  nudiusculi,  articulo  5to  infra  parce  armato,  tarsis  unguiculatis. 
j flab,  in  fluminibus  Chilensibus  mari  remotis.  Long.  3|''. 

Subfam.  OplophorinjE. 

Regulus  lucidus. — Rostrum  praelongum  recurvatum,  longe  acuminatum, 
versus  basin  horizontaliter  sensim  latius  deinde  lateribus  subparallelum,  supra 
8 — 9-dentatum  infra  3-dentatum.  Squama  antennalis  perangusta,  rostro  paulo 
brevior,  dentibus  tribus  externis  parvulis.  Pedes  2di  crassi,  manu  oblonga, 
digitis  dimidio  manus  brevior,  parce  hiantibus.  Pedes  6  postici  sparsimlaxeque 
pubescentes.  Hab.  in  mari  Pacifico,  prope  insulas  “  Ladrone.”  Long.  9"'. 

Regulus  crinitus. — Rostrum  longiusculum,  non  recurvatum,  supra  9 — 10- 
dentatum,  infra  prope  apicem  2-dentatum,  versus  basin  super  oculos  subito 
valde  latior  deinde  posterius  parce  angustans.  Squama  antennalis  rostro  non 
brevior,  paulo  lata,  dentibus  tribus  externis  prominentibus.  Pedes  2di  crasse 
chelati,  manu  oblonga,  digitis  brevibus,  hiantibus.  Pedes  6  postici  laxe  criniti, 
articulo  3tio  parium  3tii  4tique  infra  3— 4-serrato.  Hab.  in  mari  Suluensi. 
Long.  10"'. 

Legio  III.  PEN  iEINEA. 

Fam.  Pena:id^e. 

Pejueus  carinatus.— Rostrum  squama  antennali  parce  longius,  paulo  sinuo- 
sum,  extremitate  styliforme,  parce  recurvatum,  apice  vix  altius  quam  dorsum, 
supra  7 — 8-dentatum,  infra  3-dentatum.  Flagella  antennarum  internarum  articulis 
duobus  precedentibus  non  longiora.  Pedes  5ti  4tis  non  graciliores. — Hab.  in  mari 
prope  portum  “  Singapore. — Long.  7".  V.setifero  affinis,  sed  rostrum  infra  3- 
dentatum. 

Pen^eus  avirostrts. — Rostrum  rectum,  extremitate  anguste  styliforme,  et  eden- 
tatum,  non  recurvatum,  basi  supra  prominenter  dilatatum  et  6-dentatum,  infra 
rectissimum,  integrum,  longitudine  squamam  antennalem  non  superans.  Cara- 
pax  dorso  postico  non  carinatus  nec  sulcatus.  Flagella  antennarum  internarum 
articulis  duobus  precedentibus  non  longiora.  Oculi  breves.  Pedes  5ti  4tis  multo 
graciliores.  Hab.  in  mari  prope  urbem  “  Singapore.”  Long.  5". 

Pknjeus  velutinus. — Carapax  abdomenque  omnino  breviter  velutini.  Rostrum 
rectum,  bene  lanceolatum,e  basi  ascendens,  usque  ad  apicem  supra  denticulatum, 
dentibus  septem  aeque  dispositis,  altero  paulo  posteriore,  infra  integrum,  ciliatum, 
rectum.  Dorsum  carapacis  posticum  non  carinatum  nec  sulcatum.  Pedes  2di 
3tiique  subaequi.  Maxillipedes  externi  longi,  pubescentes.  Segrnentum  caudale 
utrinque  minute  armatum.  Flagella  antennarum  internarum  brevissima,  articu- 
lum  ultimum  parce  superantia.  Hab.  insula  “  Maui  Hawaiensi. — ”Long.  1}". 

Pen^tjs  tenuis. — Rostrum  supra  multidentatum  (dentibus  novem  vel  pluribus,) 
parce  sinnosum.  Carapax  dorso  postice  non  carinatus  nec  sulcatus.  Oculi  sat 
longi.  Flagella  antennarum  internarum  subaequa,  carapace  vix  breviora.  Hab. 
in  mari  Atlantico  prope  portum  “  Rio  Negro”  Patagoniae. —  Long.  li". 

Penjeus  gracilis.— Gracillimus.  Rostrum  rectum,  sat  breve,  oculis  vix 
longius,  supra  5-dentatus.  Antennarum  internarum  basis  tenuis,  longissimus, 
carapacem  longitudine  aequans.  Manus  pedum  sex  anticorum  carpo  vix  longior, 
apice  parce  pubescens ;  digiti  dimidii  manus  longitudine.  Segrnentum  caudale 
margine  tri-spinulosum ;  lamella  externa  non  articulata. — Hab.  in  mari  Suluensi. 
Long.  8—9"'. 

Stknopus  ensiferus. — Carapax  plerumque  laevis,  2 — 3  sulcis  obliquis  interse- 
catus,  uno  validiore  e  dorsi  medio  fere  ad  angulum  antero-lateralem  producto 
et  margine  spinuloso,  superficie  carapacis  antero-laterali  spinulis  armata;  rostro 
ensiformi,  paulo  longiore  quam  basis  antennarum  internarum,  fere  recto,  apicem 


28  [January, 

vix  recurvato,  supra  10-dentato,  infra  3-dentato.  Abdomen  inerme.—  Hab.  archi¬ 
pelago  “Viti.” — Long.  6"', 

Family  Eucopid^. 

Eucopia  australis. — -Carapax  fronte  truncato-rotundatus,  margine  postico 
profunde  excavatus.  Segmentum  abdominis  penultimum  ultimo  longius,  ultimum 
subulatum,  lamellis  caudalibus  vix  iongius.  Antennae  internae  externis  paulo 
breviores,  dimidii  corporis  longitudine,  flagello  uno  brevi ;  externarum  squama 
basalis  basi  internarum  multo  longior.  Maxillipedes  2di  et  3tii  et  pedes  lmi 
forma  consimiles,  sensim  increscentes,  articulo  penultimo  anguste  oblongo,  digito 
plus  dimidio  breviore  quam  articulus  precedens.  Pedes  reliqui  gracillimi,  criniti, 
palpo  longo,  natatorio. — Hab.  in  mari  antarctico,  lat.  aust.  66°  12'  long.  occ.  149® 
24' ;  e  stomacho  Penguini  lecta. — Long.  1" . 


The  Third  Resolution  of  the  Committee  appointed  to  inquire  into  the 
expediency  of  enlarging  the  Hall  of  the  Academy,  the  consideration  of 
which  had  been  deferred  until  the  present  meeting,  was  then  taken  up, 
and  adopted  as  follows  : 

Resolved, — That  all  subscribers  of  One  Hundred  dollars  and  upwards, 
who  are  not  members  of  the  Academy,  shall  have,  during  their  lives,  the 
right  to  visit  the  Collections  of  the  Academy,  and  to  give  orders  of  admis¬ 
sion  to  the  Museum  on  public  days. 

The  Report  of  the  Publication  Committee  for  1851,  was  read  and 
adopted. 

The  Corresponding  Secretary  read  his  Report  for  the  last  two  months, 
which  was  adopted. 

The  Recording  Secretary  read  the  Annual  Report  for  1851,  which 
was  ordered  to  be  published. 


REPORT 

OF  THE  RECORDING  SECRETARY 

For  1851. 

During  the  past  year  twelve  Members  and  eight  Correspondents  have  been 
elected. 

Five  members  have  died,  to  wit :  Dr.  Samuel  George  Morton,  late  President 
of  the  Academy;  Mr.  William  Hembel,  formerly  President  of  the  Academy  ; 
Dr.  John  K.  Townsend,  Dr.  Mark  M.  Reqve,  and  Mr.  Richard  C.  Taylor. 

The  present  number  of  Members  of  Ihe  Society  is  187.  The  whole  num¬ 
ber  of  Correspondents  elected  up  to  the  present  time  is  551. 

Besides  minor  and  verbal  communications,  the  following  written  communica¬ 
tions  have  been  presented  for  publication  in  the  Proceedings  and  Journal  of  the 
Academy. 

By  Louis  Berlandier,  M.  D. — Descriptions  of  two  new  species  of  Mexican 
Wolves. 

By  Mr.  John  Cassin,  seven ;  to  wit:  1-  Sketch  of  the  Birds  composing  the 
genera  Vireo,  Viell.,  and  Yireosylvia,  Bonap.,  with  a  list  of  those  previously 
known,  and  descriptions  of  three  new  species.  2.  Descriptions  of  new  species 
of  Birds  of  the  genera  Galbula  and  Bucco,  Briss.,  specimens  of  which  are  in  the 
collection  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia.  3.  Notes  of  an 
examination  of  the  Birds  composing  the  family  Caprimulgidae,  in  the  collection 
of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia.  4.  Descriptions  of  new 
species  of  Birds  of  the  family  Laniadae,  specimens  of  which  are  in  the  collection 
of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia.  5.  Note  on  the  Cicada 


1852,] 


29 


Cassinii,  Fisher,  and  on  the  C.  Septendecim,  Linn.  6.  Catalogue  of  the  Capri- 
mulgidae  in  the  collection  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia. 
7.  Descriptions  of  Birds  of  the  genera  Laniarius,  Dicrurus,  Graucalus,  Pipra  and 
Picus,  specimens  of  which  are  in  the  collection  of  the  Academy  of  Natural 
Sciences  of  Philadelphia. 

By  Mr.  James  D.  Dana. — Conspectus  Crustaceorum  quae  in  Orbis  Terrarum 
Circumnavigatione,  Carolo  Wilkes  e  Classe  Reipublicae  Fcederatae  duce,  lexit  et 
descripsit  J.  D.  Dana.  2  papers. 

By  Dr.  James  C.  Fisher. — On  a  new  species  of  Cicada. 

By  Mr.  Charles  Girard. — Historical  Sketch  of  the  Gordiaceae. 

By  Mr.  Isaac  Lea,  two ;  to  wit :  On  the  genus  Acostaea  of  D’Orbigny,  (pub¬ 
lished  in  the  Journal.)  Memoir  of  the  late  Richard  C.  Taylor. 

By  Dr.  J.  L.  Le  conte,  five  ;  to  wit:  An  attempt  to  Classify  the  Longicorn 
Coleoptera  of  the  part  of  America  North  of  Mexico,  2  papers,  published  in  the 
Journal.  3.  Synopsis  of  the  species  of  Donacia.  4.  Synopsis  of  the  Lampyridae 
of  Temperate  North  America.  5.  Zoological  Notes. 

By  Dr.  Joseph  Leidy,  eight ;  to  wit :  1.  Descriptions  of  new  species  of  Entozoa. 
Contributions  to  Helminthology,  4  papers.  6.  Corrections  and  additions  to 
former  papers  on  Helminthology  published  in  the  Proceedings  of  the  Academy 
of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia.  7.  On  some  American  fresh-water 
Polyzoa.  8.  Description  of  a  new  species  of  fossil  Crocodile,  (published  in  the 
Journal.) 

By  Col.  George  A.  McCall,  U.  S.  A. — Some  account  of  Birds  found  in  West¬ 
ern  Texas  and  New  Mexico,  with  descriptions  of  new  species. 

By  Dr.  David  Dale  Owen. — Description  of  a  new  Mineral  and  New  Earth. 
(Published  in  the  Journal.) 

By  Dr.  David  Dale  Owen  and  Dr.  Benjamin  F.  Shumard. — Descriptions  of 
seventeen  new  species  of  Crinoidea,  from  the  sub-carboniferous  limestone  of  Iowa 
and  Illinois.  (Published  in  the  Journal.) 

By  Mr.  Richard  C.  Taylor. — Substance  of  Notes  made  during  a  Geological 
Reconnoisance  in  the  Auriferous  Porphyry  region  next  the  Carribean  Sea,  in  the 
Province  of  Yeraguas  and  Isthmus  of  Panama.  (Published  in  the  Journal.) 

By  Dr.  S.  W.  Woodhouse. — Description  of  the  North  American  Jackal,  Canis 
frustror. 

In  all  thirty-two  papers. 

Besides  the  above,  Dr.  Charles  D.  Meigs  read,  by  appointment,  before  the 
Academy,  at  the  Hall  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  on  November  6th,  a 
most  able,  eloquent  and  truthful  memoir  of  its  late  President,  Dr.  Samuel  George 
Morton,  which  was  subsequently  published  by  direction  of  the  Society. 

During  the  past  year  the  prosperity  and  activity  of  the  Academy  have  been 
sustained  in  the  most  gratifying  manner.  Its  meetings  have  been  fully  attended  ; 
the  number  of  valuable  communications  large,  and  the  zeal  of  its  members  in  the 
pursuit  of  its  objects  unabated.  Its  appreciation  by  the  public  is  made  con¬ 
stantly  more  manifest,  in  the  numerous  visitors  to  its  collections,  and  in  the 
interest  shown  by  the  community  in  its  results. 

We  have  had,  however,  to  regret,  during  this  period,  the  loss  by  death  of 
several  of  our  most  active  and  distinguished  members.  After  what  has  been 
written  by  so  much  abler  pens,  however,  it  would  be  presumptuous  to  attempt 
to  add,  in  this  place,  anything  in  testimony  of  their  merits  and  attainments,  or  in 
expression  of  the  esteem  in  which  they  were  held  among  us. 

All  of  which  is  respectfully  submitted  by 

B.  Howard  Rand, 

Recording  Secretary. 

Philadelphia,,  January  21th,  1852. 


Dr.  Bridges  from  the  Publication  Committee,  announced  the  publica¬ 
tion  of  Part  2,  vol.  2,  new  series  of  the  Journal. 

The  following  Resolution  offered  by  Dr.  Fisher,  was  adopted. 


30 


[February, 


Resolved , — That  the  income  of  the  Stott  legacy  be  applied  to  the  pay¬ 
ment  of  the  expense  of  publication  of  papers  ordered  by  the  Academy 
for  the  Journal. 

The  Auditors  reported  that  they  had  examined  the  Report  of  the 
Treasurer  for  1851,  and  had  found  it  correct. 

The  Academy  then  proceeded  to  an  election  for  Standing  Committees 
for  1852.  The  Tellers  announced  the  following  result : — 

Ethnology ,  John  S.  Phillips,  James  C.  Fisher,  Robert  Pearsall; 
Comparative  Anatomy  and  General  Zoology ,  Joseph  Leidy,  Edward 
Hallowell,  John  Neill;  Mammalogy ,  James  C.  Fisher,  E.  J.  Lewis, 
S.  W.  Woodhouse;  Ornithology ,  John  Cassin,  Edward  Harris,  T.  B. 
Wilson;  Herpetology  and  Ichthyology ,  E.  Hallowell,  John  Cassin, 
William  Keller;  Conchology,  Isaac  Lea,  T.  B.  Wilson,  W.  S.  W. 
Ruschenberger ;  Entomology  and  Crustacea ,  S.  S.  Haldeman,  Robert 
Bridges,  Wm.  S.  Zantzinger;  Botany ,  R.  Bridges,  Wm.  S.  Zantzinger, 
Gavin  Watson;  Palceontology ,  T.  A.  Conrad,  Joseph  Leidy,  B.  Howard 
Rand;  Geology ,  J.  Price  Wetherill,  Theodore  F.  Moss,  Aubrey  H. 
Smith;  Mineralogy ,  Wm.  S.  Yaux,  Samuel  Ashmead,  Charles  M. 
Wetherill;  Physics,  Benj.  H.  Coates,  James  C.  Fisher,  Wm.  Parker 
Foulke;  Library ,  Thomas  B.  Wilson,  Robert  Bridges,  Robert  E.  Pe¬ 
terson;  Proceedings ,  Wm.  S.  Zantzinger,  Joseph  Leidy,  W.  S.  W. 
Ruschenberger. 

ELECTION. 

Samuel  Webber,  M.  D.,  of  Charlestown,  N.  Hampshire,  was  elected  a 
Correspondent ,  and  Caspar  W.  Sharpless,  of  Philadelphia,  was  elected  a 
Member  of  the  Academy. 


February  3  d. 

Vice  President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  communication  was  read  from  Henry  A.  Ford,  M.  D., 
dated  Glasstown,  Gaboon  River,  West  Africa,  Nov.  10th,  1851,  on  the 
characteristics  of  the  Troglodytes  Gorilla,  accompanying  the  very  fine 
skeleton  of  that  animal  presented  by  him  to  the  Academy,  and  announced 
this  evening. 

“The  skeleton  that  I  have  the  honor  of  presenting  to  your  Society,  is  that  of  the 
newly  discovered  species  of  Orang,  which  was  first  described  by  Drs.  Savage 
and  Wyman,  (in  the  Boston  Journal  of  Natural  History,  1847)  and  by  them  called 
Troglodytes  Gorilla,  and  by  the  natives  on  this  coast,  “Ngena.” 

The  earliest  distinct  notice  of  this  species  of  Orang  was  made,  I  believe,  by 
Bowditch  in  1817,  on  his  return  from  his  Ashantee  Mission  in  a  vessel  that 
visited  this  river  on  its  passage  to  England  from  Cape  Coast  Castle.  His  de¬ 
scription,  though  in  many  respects  incorrect,  doubtless  refers  to  this  species,  as 
the  name  and  locality  sufficiently  identify  the  animal  he  describes  with  the 
specimen  I  have  obtained.* 

I  would  also  remark  here,  that  all  subsequent  information,  as  well  as  all  the 
specimens  in  the  hands  of  Europeans,  have  been  obtained  in  this  river. 

This  animal  inhabits  the  range  of  mountains  that  traverse  the  interior  of 

*  See  Mission  to  Ashantee  by  T,  Edward  BowdilchEsq.,  4to,  London,  1819.  Chapter  on 
Gaboon  River. 


31 


1852.] 

Guinea,  from  the  Cameroons  on  the  north  to  Angola  on  the  south,  and  about  100 
miles  inland,  and  called  by  Geographers  Crystal  Mountains.  The  limit  to  which 
this  animal  extends  either  north  or  south,  1  am  unable  to  define.  But  that  limit 
is  doubtless  some  distance  north  of  this  river.  I  was  able  to  certify  myself  of  this 
fact  in  a  late  excursion  to  the  head  waters  of  the  Mooney  (Darger)  river,  which 
comes  into  the  sea  some  60  miles  from  this  place.  I  was  informed  (credibly  I 
think)  that  they  were  numerous  among  the  mountains  in  which  that  river  rises, 
and  far  north  of  that.  In  the  south  this  species  extends  to  the  Congo  river,  as  I 
am  told  by  native  traders  who  have  visited  the  coast  between  the  Gaboon  and 
that  river.  Beyond  that  I  am  not  informed.  This  animal  is  only  found  at  a 
distance  from  the  coast  in  most  cases,  and  according  to  my  best  information, 
approaches  it  nowhere  so  nearly  as  on  the  south  side  of  this  river,  where  they 
have  been  found  within  ten  miles  of  the  sea.  This,  however,  is  only  of  late 
occurrence-  I  am  informed  by  some  of  the  oldest  Nysorgine  men  that  formerly 
he  was  only  found  on  the  sources  of  the  river,  but  that  at  present  he  may  be 
found  within  half  a  day’s  walk  of  its  mouth. 

Formerly,  he  inhabited  the  mountainous  ridge  where  Bushmen  alone  inhabited, 
but  now  he  boldly  approaches  the  Nysorgine  plantations.  This  is  doubtless  the 
reason  of  the  scarcity  of  information  in  years  past,  as  the  opportunities  for  re¬ 
ceiving  a  knowledge  of  this  animal  have  not  been  wanting : — traders  having  for 
100  years  frequented  this  river,  and  specimens,  such  as  have  been  brought  here 
within  a  year,  could  not  have  been  exhibited  without  having  attracted  the  at¬ 
tention  of  the  most  stupid. 

I  shall  not  attempt  in  this  sketch  to  give  the  osteology  of  the  Ngena — as  the 
skeleton  itself  will  demonstrate  that.  I  will,  however,  make  some  remarks  upon 
his  appearance  and  habits,  color  and  hair. 

At  adult  age  the  Ngena  is  of  a  dark  or  iron  gray  color — the  hair  being  black 
at  its  extremities,  but  white  next  the  skin,  which  produces  the  grizzly  appearance 
I  have  described.  In  a  young  one  that  I  have  seen,  it  was  black  down  to  the  skin, 
like  that  of  the  Troglodytes  Niger.  I  am  informed  by  one  of  the  headmen  of  this 
tribe,  that  they  sometimes  are  found  white.  He  had  seen  one  of  this  description 
to  the  N.  E.  of  this  at  the  foot  of  the  mountains.  This  may  have  been  the  effect 
of  old  age,  as  the  animal  is  reported  to  have  been  full  sized.  It  is  a  general 
opinion  that  it  becomes  lighter  by  age. 

The  hair  differs  from  that  of  the  Troglodytes  Niger,  in  its  greater  thickness 
and  length.  On  the  neck,  back  and  limbs,  it  is  not  less  than  six  inches.  It  also 
presents  a  more  shaggy  appearance  from  its  slight  curl  at  the  extremities.  The 
length  of  hair,  together  with  the  thickness  of  skin  and  the  great  developement  of 
muscle  hereafter  to  be  described,  give  the  Ngena  a  hugeness  that  can  hardly  be 
conceived  from  a  simple  examination  of  the  skeleton. 

Bowditch’s  assertion  that  he  was  apparently  four  feet  in  diameter  through  the 
shoulders  is  as  correct  as  most  other  statements  in  his  book.  The  specimen 
sent  w7as  three  and  a  half  feet  from  the  extremity  of  the  hair  on  one  shoulder 
to  that  on  the  other,  and  yet  this  is  by  no  means  the  largest  specimen  that  has  been 
obtained. 

Skin, — The  skin  is  very  thick  on  the  exposed  parts  of  the  body.  On  the  arms, 
shoulders,  back  and  limbs,  the  thickness  is  one  fourth  of  an  inch;  on  the  head  over 
the  crest  three  fourths  of  an  inch  thick ;  the  great  thickness  prevented  my  pre¬ 
serving  it. 

Head — The  most  prominent  feature  in  the  fresh  subject,  as  w’ell  as  in  the 
skeleton,  is  the  crest  or  ridge  in  the  course  of  the  parieto-parietal  suture ,  increasing 
in  height  from  before  backwards  to  a  point  directly  over  the  intersection  of  this 
suture  with  the  occipito-parietal — which  is  the  highest  point.  This  crest  is  not 
chiefly  formed  by  the  bony  ridge  on  the  skull,  but  by  the  thickness  of  the  scalp 
before  mentioned,  and  by  the  length  and  stiffness  of  the  hair,  which  is  always 
erect. 

This  crest  the  animal  when  enraged  is  said  to  drawr  forward,  giving  him  an 
appearance  more  fierce  than  ordinary,  which  is  frightful  enough.  This  crest  gives 
the  face  and  head  a  more  anthropoid  appearance  than  the  dried  skull  presents. 
This  projection  gives  it  the  appearance  of  a  forehead.  The  face,  unlike  that  of  the 


32 


[February, 


Chimpanzee,  is  covered  with  short  hair,  except  about  the  mouth  and  nose.  The 
eyes  are  moderately  large,  not  prominent,  of  a  dark  chestnut  color.'  The  nose 
is  broad,  projecting  a  very  little  above  the  surface  of  the  face.  The  alae  are  of 
thin  and  loose  skin,  capable  of  considerable  distension.  The  mouth  is  very  wide 
— the  upper  lip  thick  and  hairless.  The  lower  lip  is  a  huge  muscular  flop,  very 
distensible,  which  the  animal  drops  over  his  chin  when  he  is  enraged,  making  his 
appearance  exceedingly  terrific. 

The  ears  are  disproportionally  small;  they  are  hairless  and  stand  out  from  the 
head.  The  muscles  of  the  head  are  large,  filling  up  a  large  part  of  the  depressions 
between  the  ridges  of  the  scull.  The  auricular  group  not  large,  but  the  tempo¬ 
ral,  pterygoid  and  masseter  muscles  are  of  great  strength,  as  might  be  supposed 
from  the  size  of  the  inferior  maxillary  bone.  The  neck  is  of  moderate  length, 
but  of  great  size,  chiefly  owing  to  the  great  length  of  the  spinous  processes  of  the 
several  vertebrae,  but  increased  by  the  thickness  of  skin  and  length  of  hair.  The 
circumference  of  neck  of  this  specimen  was  one  foot  and  ten  inches. 

The  chest  is  narrow  anteriorly  and  superiorly,  but  the  contents  of  the  entire 
cavity  large,  the  lower  end  of  the  sternum  projecting,  and  the  sternal  cartilages,  ex¬ 
cept  the  first  three,  long.  The  circumference  of  the  chest,  after  the  evacuation  of  the 
thorax  and  abdominal  viscera,  was  four  feet  four  inches.  These  viscera  were 
evacuated  by  the  natives  before  I  received  the  body.  All  the  muscles  of  the 
chest  are  largely  developed,  as  are  also  all  the  muscles  of  the  trunk. 

The  arms,  it  will  be  seen  from  the  skeleton,  are  longer  in  proportion  to  the  trunk, 
than  are  those  of  the  small  Chimpanzee,  and  are  covered  with  a  great  weight  of 
muscle. 

At  the  insertion  of  the  deltoid  the  circumference  in  this  specimen  was  one 
foot  and  four  inches.  The  fore  arm  also  is  well  supplied  and  covered  with  hair. 
The  circumference  of  the  wrist  was  one  foot. 

The  palm  of  the  hand  was  large,  while  the  fingers  and  thumb  appeared  small 
in  proportion  to  the  strength  of  the  arm  and  fore  arm.  The  palm  and  surface  of 
the  hand  and  fingers  is  covered  with  a  thick  black  skin  very  little  adherent  to  th6 
true  skin  beneath,  and  in  appearance  resembling  a  leathern  glove.  It  was  re¬ 
moved  entire,  after  maceration.  The  dorsal  surface  is  covered  with  hair.  The 
abdomen  is  large,  and  covered  with  lighter  colored  hair  than  the  back. 

The  genital  organs,  in  both  male  and  female,  are  small,  but  in  other  respects 
similar  to  the  smaller  species. 

This  animal  is  tailless  and  has  no  calosities.  The  lower  limbs  are  very  short 
and  slightly  curved,  but  the  most  remarkable  peculiarity  is  the  size  of  the  muscles 
which  cover  the  femur,  i.  e.  those  having  their  origin  on  the  anterior  and  inferior 
surface  of  the  pelvis,  and  their  insertion  on  the  femur,  together  with  the  extensors 
and  flexors  of  the  legs.  Their  weight  in  this  case  was  18  lbs.  The  muscles  of 
the  leg  and  foot  are  not  as  fully  developed  as  those  of  the  thigh.  In  the  shape  of 
the  foot  he  resembles  other  Orangs.  The  weight  of  this  specimen  was  170  lbs. 
without  the  thoracic,  abdominal  and  pelvic  viscera. 

Food.  He  feeds  on  the  various  roots  and  fruits  found  in  the  forest.  He  is, 
however,  to  some  extent  carnivorous,  according  to  my  most  reliable  information. 

When  man  is  his  prey,  he  devours  him  as  he  does  animals  that  he  can  catch, 
though  his  sluggishness  prevents  his  taking  many  animals  as  prey. 

The  Ngena  generally  walks  on  all  fours,  with  his  feet  placed  flat  on  the  ground, 
like  a  man,  the  thighs  being  flexed  upon  the  leg,  at  an  acute  angle. 

The  open  hands  are  placed  on  the  ground  posteriorly  and  externally  to  the 
feet,  the  arms  being  nearly  parallel  to  the  axis  of  the  body,  and  thus  supporting 
the  body  posteriorly  to  the  feet,  and  not  anteriorly,  as  some  have  supposed.  They 
act  the  part  of  hind  rather  than  fore  feet. 

The  gait  is  an  oscillating  motion,  caused  by  carrying  forward  the  extremities 
of  one  side  at  a  time,  while  the  body  is  balanced  to  the  opposite  side;  then  alter¬ 
nately  moving  the  other  limbs  with  a  return  motion  of  the  body.  This  is  the 
movement  I  have  seen  in  the  young  animal.  Besides  this  gait,  1  am  led  to  be¬ 
lieve  that  in  the  forest  he  has  a  semi-erect  posture,  supporting  h-mself  by  bushes 
and  trees  as  they  come  in  his  way. 

He  sometimes  walks  erect,  and  always  rises  on  his  feet  when  making  an 
attack,  though  he  approaches  his  antagonist  in  the  stooping  posture. 


1852.] 


83 


The  Ngena  is  represented  as  the  most  terrible  monster  of  his  native  forests. 
His  appearance  is  hideous  even  when  dead.  Among  the  natives  he  is  the  subject 
of  many  allegories,  in  which  he  acts  some  distinguished  part,  perhaps  that  of  a 
king  or  a  conqueror — perhaps  a  defender  or  a  destroyer.  In  the  forests  he  seems 
to  be  the  implacable  enemy  of  man. 

Though  he  never  lies  in  wait,  ypt  when  he  hears,  sees  or  scents  a  man,  he  im¬ 
mediately  utters  his  characteristic  cry,  prepares  for  an  attack,  and  always  acts  on 
the  offensive.  The  cry  that  he  utters  resembles  a  grunt  more  than  a  growl,  and 
is  similar  to  the  cry  of  the  Chimpanzee  when  irritated,  but  vastly  louder.  It  is 
said  to  be  audible  at  a  great  distance.  His  preparation  consists  in  attending  the 
females  and  young  ones,  by  which  he  is  usually  accompanied,  to  a  little  distance. 
He,  however,  soon  returns  with  his  crest  erect  and  projecting  forward,  his  nos¬ 
trils  dilated  and  his  under  lip  thrown  down,  at  the  same  time  uttering  hi3 
characteristic  yell,  designing,  it  would  seem,  to  terrify  his  antagonist;  instantly, 
unless  he  is  disabled  by  a  well  directed  shot,  he  makes  an  onset,  and  striking  his 
antagonist  with  the  palm  of  his  hands,  or  seizing  him  with  a  grasp  from  which 
there  is  no  escape,  he  dashes  him  upon  the  ground  and  lacerates  him  with 
his  tusks. 

He  is  said  to  seize  a  musket  and  instantly  crush  the  barrel  between  his  teeth. 

Some  hunters  are  said  to  have  permitted  him  to  take  hold  of  the  musket  and 
carry  it  to  his  mouth,  firing  as  it  passes  between  his  teeth.  This  will,  however, 
appear  to  lack  probability,  though  it  is  stoutly  maintained  by  the  natives. 

He  is  said  to  be  always  at  war  with  the  leopard,  which  he  destroys  if  he  suc¬ 
ceeds  in  seizing  him.  The  leopard,  however,  by  his  superior  agility,  often  wears 
him  out.  He  is  said  to  spring  upon  the  back  of  the  Ngena  and  lacerate  his  neck 
with  his  teeth,  escaping  before  he  can  be  seized.  This  animal’s  savage  nature 
is  very  well  shown  by  the  implacable  disposition  of  a  young  one  that  was  brought 
here.  It  was  taken  very  young  and  kept  four  months,  and  many  means  were 
used  to  tame  it,  but  it  was  incorrigible,  so  that  it  bit  me  an  hour  before  it  died. 

The  various  stories  of  his  building  houses  in  imitation  of  the  natives — his 
covering  himself  with  bushes,  which  he  hurls  upon  his  antagonist  in  his  attacks  ; 
vanquishing  the  elephant  with  clubs,  or  even  using  clubs  at  any  time,  and  nu¬ 
merous  other  accounts  given  to  credulous  whites,  are  considered  ridiculous  by 
the  best  informed  natives.  Yet  every  Atpongue  man  has  a  fund  of  such  stories 
which  he  vends  to  children  and  every  one  else  who  will  listen  to  them  with 
credulity. 

From  my  most  careful  inquiries  I  can  find  no  one  who  believes  that  these 
creatures  are  of  the  same  original  stock  as  black  men,  as  some  have  reported. 
By  most  it  is  considered  an  insult  to  suppose  it. 

H»s  flesh  is  considered  delicate  eating  by  the  tribes  where  he  is  taken,  though 
the  Jfpongues  consider  it  quite  c  vulgar  fare.’  The  slaves  here,  however,  carried 
away  the  flesh  as  soon  as  it  was  taken  from  the  bones  of  my  specimen.” 

Dr.  Ruschenberger  read  a  portion  of  bis  u  Notice  of  tbe  Academy  of 
Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,”  tbe  remainder  of  which  was  deferred 
to  the  next  meeting. 


February  10  th. 

Vice-President  Wetherill  in  the  Chair. 

Dr.  Ruschenberger  concluded  the  reading  of  his  u  Notice  of  the 
Academy.” 

Whereupon  the  following  Resolutions,  offered  by  William  S.  Vaux, 
Esq.,  were  unanimously  adopted: 

Resolved ,  That  the  Members  of  the  Academy  have  listened  with  the 
deepest  interest  and  satisfaction  to  the  “  Notice  ”  just  read. 


34 


[February, 


Resolved ,  That  the  thanks  of  the  Academy  be  presented  to  Dr. 
Ruschenberger  for  the  labor  he  has  bestowed  in  the  preparation  of  the 
able  and  faithful  Notice  read  by  him  before  the  Society,  and  that  he  be 
requested  to  furnish  a  copy  of  the  same  to  the  Committee  on  Proceed¬ 
ings  for  publication. 

Resolvedj  That  a  Committee  of  three  members  be  appointed  to  com¬ 
municate  the  foregoing  Resolutions  to  Dr.  Ruschenberger. 

Committee,  Mr.  Vaux,  Dr.  Bridges  and  Mr.  Pearsall. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Langstroth  read  a  paper  entitled,  “  On  the  impreg¬ 
nation  of  the  eggs  of  the  Queen  Bee;”  which  being  intended  for  publi¬ 
cation  in  the  Proceedings,  was  referred  to  Dr.  Leidy,  Dr.  Le  Conte  and 
Dr.  Fisher. 

Dr.  Le  Conte  presented  for  publication  in  the  Proceedings,  the  fol¬ 
lowing  papers :  u  Hints  towards  a  Natural  Classification  of  the  family 
Histrini  of  Coleopterous  Insects “  Synopsis  of  the  Parnidae  of  the 
United  States “  Synopsis  of  the  Eucnemidse  of  Temperate  North 
America all  of  which  were  referred  to  the  following  Committee  :  Dr. 
Bridges,  Dr.  Leidy  and  Dr.  Elwyn. 

A  letter  was  read  from  the  Librarian  of  the  British  Museum,  dated 
Jan.  19th,  1852,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  No.  10,  Vol.  5,  of  the 
Proceedings. 

Also  a  letter  from  the  Royal  Academy  of  Sciences  of  Stockholm, 
dated  April  20th,  1851,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  No.  12,  Vol.  4, 
and  No.  1,  Vol.  5,  of  the  Proceedings. 

And  a  second  letter  from  the  same,  of  same  date,  accompanying  copies 
of  the  Transactions  and  Bulletin  of  that  Institution  for  1849  and  ’50. 


Dr.  Leidy  presented,  for  the  inspection  of  the  members,  an  interesting  speci¬ 
men  of  a  fossil  turtle,  from  the  collection  of  Dr.  D.  D.  Owen,  made  in  Nebraska 
territory,  and  sent  to  him,  for  examination,  by  the  Smithsonian  Institute.  It 
proves  the  existence  of  a  species  distinct  from  any  of  those  before  described  from 
the  same  region,  for  which  the  name  Emys  Culbertsonii  is  proposed.  Its  mea¬ 
surements  are  as  follows  : 


Length  of  the  five  vertebral  scutes, 
Transverse  breadth  of  carapace  in  curve. 
Height,  . 

Length  of  middle  vertical  scute, 

Breadth  “ 


17  inches. 
22  “ 

61  « 

3  “ 

4  “ 


Mr.  Phillips  announced  that  the  collection  of  Minerals  of  the  late 
Mr.  Gilmore,  of  Baltimore,  was  for  sale. 


February  17  th. 

Vice  President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

Letters  were  read  from  the  Secretary  of  the  Trustees  of  the  New 
York  State  Library,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  No.  12,  Vol.  5,  of  the 
Proceedings,  and  of  a  copy  of  Dr.  Meigs'  Memoir  of  Dr.  Morton. 

From  the  Geological  Society  of  London,  dated  June  24th  and  Nov. 
Gth,  1851,  returning  thanks  for  copies  of  late  Nos.  of  the  Proceedings. 
Mr.  Vaux,  on  behalf  of  the  Committee  on  the  subject,  read  a  commu- 


35 


1852.] 


nication  from  Dr.  Ruschenberger,  dated  Philadelphia,  Feb.  13,  1852, 
in  reply  to  the  letter  from  the  committee,  enclosing  a  copy  of  the  Reso¬ 
lutions  adopted  at  the  last  meeting  in  relation  to  his  “  Notice  of  the 
Academy.” 


Dr.  Leidy  directed  the  attention  of  the  members  to  several  fossils  lying  on  the 
table,  which  belong  to  the  cabinet  of  the  Academy. 

One  of  them  is  a  lumbar  vertebra,  without  the  epiphyses,  and  with  the  trans¬ 
verse  processes  and  neural  arch  broken  off,  obtained  from  the  Miocene  of  Vir¬ 
ginia,  and  presented  by  Mr.  T.  Conrad.  It  belongs  to  a  species  of  Delphinus, 
most  probably  extinct,  for  which  the  name  D.  Conradi  is  proposed,  in  honor 
of  one  who  has  done  so  much  in  American  Palaeontology.  The  epiphysial  extre¬ 
mities  of  the  vertebral  body  are  pentahedral. 

Length  of  vertebral  body,  .  .  .  .21  inches. 

Breadth  of  epiphysial  extremities,  .  .  .11“ 

Breadth  of  base  of  transverse  processes,  .  .  1  i  “ 

The  other  specimens  consist  of  an  entire  dermal  scale  and  the  half  of  a  second, 
from  the  Green  Sand  formation  of  Mount  Holly,  New  Jersey.  These  belong  to 
some  Crocodilian  reptile  of  large  size.  They  are  deeply  sculptured,  but  possess 
no  carina,  as  in  the  existing  Crocodiles.  Possibly  they  may  belong  to  the  Sau¬ 
rian,  characterized  from  some  vertebrae  under  the  name  of  Cimoliasaurus  magnus* 
Leidy,  but  at  present  I  prefer  referring  them  to  a  new  genus  and  species  under 
the  name  of  Thoracosaurusj  grandis. 

Long  diameter  of  the  entire  scale,  .  .  .31  inches. 

Short  “  .  .  •  •  •  •  3  “ 

Greatest  thickness,  .  .  .  .  .7  lines. 


Mr.  Langstroth  made  a  few  observations  on  the  specimens  of  royal 
cells  of  the  Bee,  presented  by  him  this  evening. 

Dr.  Le  Conte  offered  the  following  observations  : 

On  the  Difference  between  Primordial  Races  and  Introduced  Races. 

A  want  of  power  to  discriminate  between  permanent  varieties  developed  in 
species  and  primordial  forms,  has  been  a  prolific  source  of  confusion  in  all  dis¬ 
cussions  regarding  the  plural  origin  of  species.  I  propose  to  examine  here  into 
some  differences  which,  so  far  as  lam  able  to  learn,  will  form  a  certain  basis  for 
this  distinction,  so  much  to  be  desired;  and  which,  should  they  be  found,  on  far¬ 
ther  examination,  to  have  the  universal  character  which  I  am  inclined  to  give 
them,  may  have  the  effect  of  saving  the  world  much  of  the  muddy  philosophy, 
which  seems  to  be  the  favorite  style  of  ethnological  writers. 

The  principle  which  I  am  about  to  lay  down,  is  founded  on  the  unchangeability 
of  certain  characters,  throughout  an  entire  genus;  these  characters  are  connected 
with  the  structure  of  the  external  parts,  and  may  seem  at  first  to  be  of  but  slight 
importance,  yet  generally,  on  close  examination,  they  will  be  found  more  or  less 
intimately  connected  with  the  functions  which  the  animal  is  destined  to  perform 
in  the  system  of  nature. 

Now,  it  is  a  singular  fact,  that  all  the  varieties  of  domestic  animals  and  plants, 
which  can  be  clearly  shown  to  have  originated  in  unmixed  breeds,  differ  from  their 
parent  stocks  by  characters  which,  except  in  the  case  of  these,  so  to  speak,  artifi¬ 
cial  varieties ,  are  unchangeable  in  the  genus.  Thus,  these  artificial  varieties 
would  seem  to  differ  from  their  parent  stocks,  not  by  characters  which  are  of 
specific  value,  but  by  those  which  are  of  incomparably  greater  importance,  and 
which,  if  not  accompanied  by  identical  organization  in  all  other  organs,  would 
widely  separate  the  beings  which  possess  them  from  their  parents.  In  many 


*  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sei.  vol.  v,  p.  325. 


t  a  coat  of  mail. 


36 


[February, 

instances  the  characters  possessed  by  the  artificial  varieties,  are  absolutely 
impossible  in  the  plan  on  which  the  genus,  or  even  the  order,  is  created. 

Instances  of  such  permanent  varieties  may  be  readily  recalled  by  every  one  ; 
some  of  the  most  familiar  are  :  the  hornless  variety  of  domestic  cattle;  the' tail¬ 
less  variety  of  domestic  cat,  found  in  the  Isle  of  Man  ;  the  long-haired  cat,  known 
as  the  Angora,  or  Persian  cat ;  the  various  forms  of  fowls  with  additional  toes, 
and  without  tails  ;  the  varieties  of  pigeons  and  fowls  with  uncouth  and  distorted 
arrangement  of  plumage. 

The  origin  of  some  of  these  is  lost  in  the  depths  of  the  past,  while  others  are 
continually  being  introduced. 

In  all  the  examples  cited  above,  it  will  be  found  that  the  monstrosity  depends 
on  the  loss  of  a  character  belonging  to  every  species  of  the  genus  or  tribe  to 
which  the  parent  stock  belongs,  or  on  the  assumption  of  a  character  not  found  in 
any  species  or  genus  of  that  group. 

In  the  case  of  the  hornless  cattle,  the  part  wanting,  if  not  entirely  coextensive 
with  the  order  of  ruminants,  is  at  least  essential  to  the  genus  Bos. 

In  the  anomalously  feathered  varieties  of  fowls  and  pigeons,  the  animal  assumes 
structures  either  unknown  in  the  groups  to  which  it  belongs,  or  else  (as  in  the 
case  of  the  e  ruffler’)  entirely  impossible  in  any  species  of  bird  whatever. 

The  novelty  in  this  principle  is,  that  in  the  disputed  cases  of  plural  origin,  the 
slightness  of  the  unchangeable  differences,  found  in  different  races,  becomes  a 
very  strong,  and,  indeed,  an  invincible  argument  against  the  supposition  that  they 
have  been  derived  from  each  other  by  the  operation  of  external  or  internal  causes. 

The  advocates  of  the  single  origin  of  man  or  of  dogs,  are  therefore  in  the 
unpleasant  predicament  of  having  proved  too  much,  since  the  difference  between 
the  latter,  on  comparison  with  undeniable  distinct  wild  species  of  wolf  and  fox, 
are  in  those  characters  which  alone  can  manifest  specific  distinction. 

In  the  case  of  man  the  differences  are  in  such  particulars  as  alone  could  be 
changed  without  degrading  him  from  his  place  at  the  head  of  the  organic  world. 

It  is  almost  needless  for  me  to  add  that  this  principle  extends  to  the  vegetable 
kingdom,  as  every  one  will  at  once  see  in  greenhouse  and  domestic  plants,  that 
the  cultivated  varieties  are  distinguished  from  each  other  by  important  structural 
differences,  not  recognized  in  the  genera  to  which  they  belong. 

In  all  species  or  races  there  are  individual  differences  of  less  importance  than 
specific  characters,  which  by  care  may  be  isolated,  and  form  what  are  apparently 
races.  Thus  snub  noses  almost  invariably  reproduce  snubs  ;  aquiline  noses,  in 
the  same  way,  continue  in  families  for  numbers  of  generations.  Yet,  not  to  speak 
of  the  unimportance  of  such  marks,  these  cases  may  be  distinguished  by  the  fre¬ 
quency  with  which  exceptions  occur.  The  numerous  varieties  of  cultivated 
fruits  come  under  this  head. 


February  24$. 

Vico  President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

The  Committee  to  which  was  referred  the  following  papers  by  Dr.  Le 
Conte,  reported  in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings : 


Hints  towards  a  Natural  Classification  of  the  Family  Histrini  of  Coleopterous 

Insects. 

By  John  L.  Le  Conte,  M.D. 

It  is  rarely  that  any  subject  treated  by  the  illustrious  Erichson  is  found  capable 
of  improvement.  It  is  therefore  with  reluctance  and  hesitation  that  after  a  mi¬ 
nute  study  of  the  North  American  species  of  Hister,  I  find  myself  under  the 


1852.] 


iTrirro* 


37 


necessity  of  proposing  important  modifications  of  the  arrangement  adopted  by 
him.* 

The  great  increase  in  the  number  of  our  species,  since  the  publication  of  the 
monograph  of  Histers  by  my  father, f  has  made  me  acquainted  with  many  varia¬ 
tions  of  structure,  too  unimportant  to  serve  as  foundations  for  separate  genera, 
yet  absolutely  incapable  of  entering  any  of  the  genera  established  by  Erichson. 
Some  of  these  anomalous  species  have  been  described  by  me  in  the  Annals  of  the 
Lyceum  of  Natural  History,  vol.  5. 

By  a  careful  comparison  of  such  forms  with  the  species  to  which,  by  obvious 
characters,  they  are  most  nearly  allied,  I  have  been  led  to  believe  that  the  genera 
in  this  group  have  been  unnecessarily  increased,  by  the  use  of  principles  of 
division  which  are  by  no  means  of  generic  value,  and  which  scarcely  serve  to 
define  small  groups  of  species. 

I  allude  more  especially  to  the  structure  of  the  tibiae,  which  holds  so  important 
a  place  in  the  system  of  Erichson.  The  difficulty  of  deciding  upon  such  an  indis¬ 
tinct  character  as  the  form  of  the  tarsal  groove  of  the  anterior  tibiae,  and  the 
decidedly  variant  structure  of  the  posterior  tibiae  in  several  of  the  genera,  has 
led  me  to  reject  entirely  the  characters  drawn  from  those  parts  of  the  body.  The 
special  variations  referred  to  will  be  exposed  more  fully  under  the  genera  Hister 
and  Saprinus  below. 

Following  Erichson,  I  have  divided  the  genera  into  three  groups  according  to 
the  position  of  the  head  and  the  form  of  the  prosternum.  The  genera  may  after¬ 
wards  be  separated  according  to  the  following  table  : 

\.  Caput  porrectum  :  prosternum  antice  non  lobatum. 

Mandibulae  dentatae . Holobepta  Payk. 

Mandibulae  dentatae,  prosternum  latum  planum  .  .  iPhvlloma  Er. 

Mandibulae  dentatae,  prosternum  elevatum,  subacu¬ 
minatum  . i  Oxysternus  Er. 

B.  Caput  retractum  ;  prosternum  antice  valde  lobatum. 

a.  Scrobiculi  antennales  antici. 

1.  Tarsi  antici  unguiculo  unico  .....  1  Cyptitrus  Er. 

2.  Tarsi  omnes  biunguiculati. 

Mandibulae  porrectae,  antennae  sub  frontis  margine  insertae, 

capitulo  3-articulato .* 1  2 3  Hister  Linn. 

Mandibulae  porrectae,  antennae  sub  frontis  margine  insertae, 

capitulo  solido,  truncato . sHet^erius  Er. 

Mandibulae  retractae,  antennae  in  frontis  margine  insertae, 

capitulo  3-articulato,  rotundato,  ....  Epierus  Er. 
Mandibulae  retractae,  antennae  in  frontis  margine  insertae, 

capitulo  3-articulato,  truncato  ....  Tribalus  Er. 

b.  Scrobiculi  antennales  medii,  laterales. 

Antennae  articulo  8vo  latiore  .....  Dendrophilus  Leach. 
Antennae  articulo  8vo  non  latiore  .  Paromalus  Er. 


C.  Caput  retractum,  prosternum  antice  non  lobatum. 
a.  Antennae  sub  frontis  margine  insertae. 

Mandibulae  exsertae;  scrobiculi  antennales  antici  .  C^rosternus  n.  g. 

Mandibulae  exsertae ;  scrobiculi  antennales  ad  prosterni 

latera  sit j.  ........  4  Saprinus  Leach. 

Mandibulae  clypeo  obtectae  . . . ^rypon.eus  Er. 


*  Klug’s  Jahrbiicher  fur  Insecfenkunde. 

■f  Boston  Journal  of  Natural  History,  vol.  V.  p.  32. 

1  No  North  American  species. 

2  Including  Omalodes  Er.;  Platysoma  Leach,  Er:  (?)  Plaesius  Er.  and  (?)  Placodes  Er. 
I  have  not  examined  the  last  two  genera,  but  the  description  furnishes  no  good  charac¬ 
ters  for  separating  them. 

3  Hister  brunnipennis  Rand.,  and  a  new  species.  4  Including  Pachylopus  Er. 


38 


[February, 


b.  Antennae  in  frontem  insertae. 

Scrobiculi  antennales  medii,  laterales,  prosterno  subpro- 

ducto  . 

Scrobiculi  antennales  ad  prosterni  latera  siti  . 

Scrobiculi  antennales  antici  . 

Scrobiculi  antennales  medii,  laterales,  prosterno  truncato 


Teretrius  Er. 
Plegaderus  Er. 
Onthophilus  Leach. 
Abr^eus  Leach. 


Hister  Linne. 

I  have  included  in  this  genus  Omalodes  and  Platysoma;  as  they  are  founded 
on  slight  differences  in  the  form  of  the  tibiae.  Plaesius  and  Placodes  will  also 
probably  enter  here  ;  at  least  I  cannot  find -anything  to  separate  them,  except 
differences  in  the  spines  of  the  posterior  tibiae. 

The  posterior  tibiae  of  this  genus,  are  generally  broad,  and  externally  armed 
with  two  series  of  spines  :  sometimes  a  range  of  bristles  on  the  posterior  face  of 
the  tibiae  is  enlarged  so  as  to  simulate  a  third  row  of  spines  ;  sometimes  (Hister 
arcuatus  Say)  the  whole  outer  surface  of  the  tibiae  is  rough  with  confused  spines ; 
in  H.  costatus  (n.  sp.)  the  posterior  tibiae  are  narrow,  and  the  spines  are  very 
fine :  these  tibiae  are  usually  not  toothed  on  the  outer  margin,  yet  in  H.  sexstri- 
atus  Lee.  they  are  distinctly  four-toothed  :  they  are  also  toothed  in  the  species 
referred  to  Omalodes  and  Platysoma,  the  number  of  teeth  in  the  latter  being 
variable,  and  the  teeth  themselves  frequently  indistinct:  they  are  entirely  smooth 
in  some  small  species  allied  to  H.  subrotundus,  and  belonging  to  Erichson’s  3d 
division  ;  the  posterior  feet  are  smooth,  and  the  intermediate  ones  armed  with  a 
single  tooth  near  the  apex  in  H.  corticalis  Lee. ;  finally,  the  posterior  tibiae  are 
broad,  very  much  compressed  and  finely  serrate  in  Omalodes  Harrisii  Lee. 

The  anterior  tibiae  are  broad,  compressed  and  more  or  less  distinctly  toothed 
on  the  outer  margin,  usually  with  a  single  row  of  very  short  articulated  spines ; 
on  the  anterior  face  is  a  groove  for  the  reception  of  the  tarsus  ;  the  inner  margin 
of  this  groove  is  sharply  defined;  the  outer  margin  indistinct,  in  most  species  ; 
more  distinct  in  the  species  referred  to  Omalodes ;  some  of  the  species  of  Platy¬ 
soma  have  the  outer  margin  distinct,  while  in  others  (H.  Carolinus  Payk.)  it  is 
quite  indistinct.  The  species,  with  the  exception  of  the  large  tropical  species, 
which  would  probably  form  a  separate  division,  can  be  arranged  according  to 
the  following  table ;  the  internal  marginal  stria  of  the  thorax,  when  it  exists,  is 
entire,  and  extends  around  the  whole  apex  of  the  thorax ;  the  outer  stria  always 
ends  at  the  anterior  angle. 

A.  Thorax  stria  marginali  interiore  integerrima,  antice  ambiente. 

*  Thorax  stria  marginali  margini  valde  approximata. 

Thorax  stria  marginali  unica  ;  (tibiae  posteriores  dentatae.)  Omalodes  Er.  1. 
Thorax  striis  marginalibus  duabus  ;  (tibiae  post  valde  compressae  serrulatae.)  2. 

**  Thorax  stria  marginali  interiore  a  margine  remota. 

a.  Thorax  margine  ciliato ;  (scrobiculi  antennales  non  profundi.) 

Tibiae  posteriores  dilatatae . 3. 

Tibiae  posteriores  tenues. . 4. 

b.  Thorax  margine  glabro  ;  (scrobiculi  antennales  profundi.) 

a.  Tibiae  posteriores  subdentatae . .5. 

b.  Tibiae  posteriores  biseriatim  spinuloste. 

f  Mesosternum  emarginatum. 

a.  Epipleurae  excavatae  unistriatae :  (tibiae  anticae  multidentatae)  .  6. 

£.  Epipleurae  non  excavatae,  pluristriatae. 

Tibiae  anticae  parce  dentatae,  epipleurae  bistriatae  .  .  .  .7. 

Tibira  anticae  parce  dentatae,  epipleurae  tristriatae  .  .  .  .8. 

Tibiae  anticae  serrulatae  vel  muticae,  epipleurae  bistriatae  .  .  .9. 

ff  Mesosternum  truncatum. 

Epipleurae  bistriatae . 10. 

Epipleurae  angustissimae,  unistriatae  ,  .  .  .  i  .  .11. 


1852.] 


39 


B.  Thorax  stria  marginali  interiore  nulla. 

f  Mesosternum  truncatum ;  prosternum  bistriatum. 

Prosternum  striis  parallelis:  (thorax  stria  exteriore  nulla,  corpus  depressum)  12. 
Prosternum  striis  convergentibus :  (thorax  stria  exteriore  distinctavel  nulla, 

corpus  convexum) . 13. 

ft  Mesosternum  emarginatum  :  prosternum  estriatum.  (Platysoma  Leach.) 

Prosternum  postice  planum,  (corpus  depressum) . 14. 

Prosternum  postice  compressum  et  marginatum,  (corpus  cylindricum)  .  15. 

The  species  found  in  the  United  States  may  be  distributed  as  follows : 

1,  corresponds  to  Omalodes  Er. :  the  only  United  States  is  H.  borealis  ( Omalo - 
des  borealis  Lee.) 

2,  contains  only  H.  p  i  a  n  i  p  e  s  ( Omalodes  Harrisii  Lee.)  The  name  Harrisii 
being  preoccupied  for  a  species  of  group  6,  must  of  course  be  changed. 

3,  contains  H.  arcuatus  Say;  binotatus  Lee;  laevipes  Er.  and  a  new  species 
allied  to  arcuatus. 

*5,  is  composed  of  a  Californian  species,  H.  6-striatus  Lee.  (An.  Lyc.  5.) 

6,  contains  H.  interruptus  Beauv.  (obtusatus  Harris) ;  merdarius  Pavk ;  im- 
munis  Er  ;  Harrisii  Kirby ;  diversus  Er.  (stygicus  Lee.)  ;  feedatus  Lee. ;  cogna- 
tus  Lee.;  marginicollis  Lee.,  and  one  new  species. 

7,  contains  H.  dispar  Lee.;  indistinctus  Say;  depurator  Say;  and  one  new 
species. 

8,  H.  spretus  Lee. ;  curtatus  Lee. ;  and  two  new  species. 

9,  H.  civilis  Lee. ;  ccenosus  Er.  ( decisus  Lee.)  ;  punctifer  Payk ;  abbreviatus 
Fabr. ;  bifidus  Say.  and  perhaps  H.  repletus  Lee.  which  I  have  not  examined;  it 
is  doubtful  whether  H.  punctifer  is  really  a  native  of  our  territory;  the  only  one 
found  may  have  been  introduced. 

10,  H.  sedecimstriatus  Say ;  americanus  Payk. ;  exaratus  Lee.  ;  and  two  new 
species. 

11,  contains  only  H.  bimaculatus  Linn.  ( obliquus  Say). 

12,  H.  venustus  Lee.  and  corticalis  Lee.  Small  flat  species  having  the  ap¬ 
pearance  of  Platysoma;  the  posterior  tibiae  are  almost  glabrous ;  H.  venustus 
has  the  lobe  of  the  prosternum  shorter  than  any  other  species  I  have  seen. 

13,  H.  subrotundus  Er.and  H.  vernus  Say;  small  convex  species,  one  of  which 
has  an  entire  marginal  stria  on  the  thorax,  the  other  none.  A  new  species  from 
Mexico  has  an  abbreviated  stria  at  the  margin  of  the  thorax. 

14,  contains  the  small  flat  species  forming  the  genus  Platysoma  Leach  as 
amended  by  Erichson,  the  posterior  tibiae  are  more  or  less  distinctly  toothed. 
Our  species  are  :  H.  carolinus  Payk. ;  depressus  Payk.;  parallelus  Say  ;  coarcta- 
tus  ( Platy .  coarctatum  Lee.)  ;  and  a  new  species. 

15,  Cylindrical  species  allied  to  the  preceding;  H.  cylindricus  Payk. ;  attenua¬ 
te  (Platy.  attenuatum  Lee.)  ;  gracilis  (Platys.  gracile  Lee.,  P.  cylindricum\ 
Er.,  Hister  frontalis\\  Say.) 

CiEROSTERNUS. 

Caput  deflexum,  mandibulis  retractis  sed  non  obtectis,  acutis. 

Antennae  sub  frontis  margine  insertae,  funiculo  filiformi,  capitulo  triarticulato, 

ovali,  compresso,  apice  subtruncato. 

Prosternum  latum  quadratum,  utrinque  truncatum ;  scrobiculi  antennales  angusti 

profundi  ad  angulum  thoracis  inferne  siti.  Tibiae  anticae  compressae,  subdila- 

tatae,  posteriores  tenues  glabrae ;  tarsi  posteriores  non  recepti. 

The  body  is  globose,  very  convex ;  the  abdomen  perpendicularly  deflexed  at 
the  tip :  the  funiculus  of  the  antennae  is  filiform,  the  first  joint  longer  and  a  little 
thicker  than  the  others  ;  the  prosternum  is  very  broad,  truncate  posteriorly,  very 
slightly  rounded  anteriorly;  the  cavities  for  the  antennae  are  very  deep,  situated 


*  Group  4  is  founded  upon  a  curious  nondescript  Mexican  species,  H.  cost  at  us,  in 
which  the  striae  of  the  elytra  are  replaced  by  elevated  ridges. 


40 


[February, 


at  the  anterior  angles,  between  the  upper  and  under  surface  of  the  prothorax,  and 
open  laterally.  Only  two  species  are  known  to  me,  1.  C.  americanus 
( Tribalus  americanus  Lee.)  and  2.  C.  laevissimus,  with  the  upper  surface 
very  smooth  and  shining,  the  epipleuraj  less  suddenly  indexed  than  in  C.  ameri¬ 
canus,  with  only  two  very  fine  lateral  striae;  the  dorsal  striae  of  the  elytra  ob¬ 
solete:  length  *10.  It  is  found  in  Cuba  under  the  bark  of  trees,  and  was  sent  by 
Don  Felipe  Poey.  The  body  is  narrower  and  more  elevated  than  the  preceding. 

Saprintjs  Leach. 

The  posterior  tibiae  of  this  genus  are  usually  but  little  dilated;  the  external 
margin  is  furnished  with  three  series  of  spines;  some  of  the  species  of  group 
9,  have  four  confused  series  (S.  palmatus),  others  have  the  spines  very  dense 
and  occupying  a  large  surface  (S.  sulcifrons).  On  account  of  these  variations  I 
am  inclined  to  unite  Pachylopus  (Er.)  with  this  genus,  although  the  singular 
sexual  character  mentioned  by  Erichson  is  not  found  in  any  Saprinus.  At  all 
events,  if  Erichson’s  species  should  remain  as  a  distinct  genus,  it  must  be  upon 
very  distinct  characters  from  those  indicated  by  him. 

The  species  known  to  me  may  be  arranged  as  follows  : 

A.  Caput  antice  non  marginatum  ;  prosternum  compressum,  elevatum,  pla¬ 
num  ;  epipleurae  tristriatae. 

Prosternum  striis  utrinque  divergentibus.  .  .  .  .  .  .1. 

Prosternum  striis  antice  conjunctis,  postice  parallelis . 2'. 

B.  Caput  antice  non  marginatum;  epipleurae  bistriatae. 

Prosternum  transverse  convexum,  striis  nullis  .  .  .  .  .  .3. 

Prosternum  transverse  convexum,  antice  utrinque  foveatum,  striis  parallelis, 

antice  abbreviatis . 4. 

Prosternum  transverse  convexum,  non  foveatum,  striis  antice  divergentibus  5. 
Prosternum  transverse  convexum,  antice  utrinque  foveatum,  striis  remotis 

divergentibus  C. 

Prosternum  compresso-carinatum,  striis  remotis  divergentibus  .  .  .7. 

C.  Caput  antice  marginatum,  prosternum  striis  valde  approximatis,  postice 
divergentibus,  antice  non  divergentibus. 

Prosternum  compressum,  striis  integris,  antice  convergentibus  .  .  .8. 

Prosternum  compresso-carinatum,  striis  conniventibus,  saepius  indistinctis  9. 

The  United  States  species  may  be  distributed  as  follows  : 

1,  Contains  two  Californian  species  :  S.  alienus  Lee. ;  discoidalis  Lee. ;  the 
latter  approximates  somewhat  to  division  C  ;  and  in  some  specimens  there  is  a 
very  faint  trace  of  the  double  line  found  on  the  front  of  the  species  belonging 
to  that  division. 

2,  S.  deletus  Lee. ;  interceptus  Lee. 

3,  S.  interstialis  Lee. ;  a  singular  oblong  species,  with  the  striae  of  the  elytra 
nearly  parallel. 

4,  S.  obscurus  Lee. ;  pectoralis  Lee. ;  paeminosus  Lee. ;  all  from  California. 

5,  S.  lugens  Er.  (californicus  Man.)  ;  Oregonensis  Lee. ;  imperfectus  Lee. ; 
impressus  Lee. ;  infaustus  (piceus ||  Lee.)  ;  pensylvanicus  Er. ;  and  three  new 
species. 

6,  S.  conformis  Lee.;  assimilis  Er. ;  minutus  Lee.;  placidus  Er. ;  insertus 
Lee. ;  obductus  Lec. ;  ciliatus  Lee. ;  vinctus  Lee. ;  laridus  Lee. ;  scissus  Lee. ; 
and  one  new  species. 

7,  S.  vestitus  Lee.;  fimbriatus  Lee.;  plenus  Lee.;  vitiosus  Lee.;  lubricus 
Lee.;  ccerulescens  Lee.;  all  from  California;  and  three  new  species,  two  of 
which  are  from  Missouri  Territory,  and  the  other  from  Georgia. 

8,  S.  sphaeroides  Lec.  ( bigener  Lec.) ;  fraternus  Lec. ;  mancus  Lec.  ( Hister 
mancus  Say) ;  estriatus  Lec. ;  bigemmeus  Lec. ;  and  one  new  species. 

9,  Contains  species  found  near  the  sea  shore ;  they  may  be  arranged  in  two 
groups,  according  to  the  structure  of  the  posterior  tibiae. 

Those  with  the  spines'  in  three  series  are:  S.  patruelis  Lee.;  lucidulus  Lec. 

Those  with  the  spines  more  numerous  and  confused  are  :  S.  dimidiatipennis  Lec. 
(var.  Hister  palmatus  Say)  ;  sulcifrons  Man. ;  serrulatus  Lec. ;  and  gaudens  Lec. ; 


1852.] 


41 


these  species  were  referred  by  me  to  the  genus  Pachylopus  (vide  Ann.  Lyc. 
Nat.  Hist.  5.)  The  epipleurae  of  these  last  are  marked  with  three  striae. 
The  spines  on  the  tibiae  of  S.  dimidiatipennis  are  less  numeroas  than  in  the 
others,  and  form  four  tolerably  distinct  series. 


Synopsis  of  the  Parnid.k  of  the  United  States. 

By  John  L.  Le  Conte,  M.  D. 

As  I  have  concluded,  for  reasons  detailed  below,  to  introduce  the  anomalous 
genus  Eurypalpus  into  this  family,  I  have  found  it  necessary  to  substitute  an  en¬ 
tirely  new  diagnosis  for  the  one  given  by  Erichson.  The  one  proposed  by  me, 
in  order  to  include  the  new  genus,  is  as  follows : 

Antennce  frontales,  non  capitatce  ;  oculi  rotundati,  mandihulce  retractce  ;  coxae 
anticce  vel  subcylindricce ,  vel  globo see.  acetabulis  e  prosterno  et  metathoracis  epi- 
sternis  compositis  receptee ;  pedes  ambulatorii ,  tarsi  5-articnlati ,  cylindrici , 
unguiculari  maximo ,  unguibus  validis  armato  ;  trochanteres  simplices  ;  abdomen 
5 — 1-articulatum ,  articulis  anterioribus  immobilibus. 

The  character  which  especially  distinguishes  this  family  is  the  structure  of  the 
tarsi,  which  enables  the  species  to  grasp  firmly  objects  resting  in  strong  currents 
of  water.  This  family  may  be  divided  into  three  groups. 

Div.  1,  Eurypalpini . 

Caput  exsertum,  ore  inferno,  labro  distincto,  inter  antennas  transverse  eleva- 
tum  ;  coxae  ant icae  transversae,  trochantino  valde  conspicuo;  parapleurae  appen- 
diculatae;  abdomen  7-articulatum. 

EuRYrALPusJ  Dej. 

Antennae  serratae  11-articulatae  ;  palpi  maxillares  valde  elongati,  articulo  ulti¬ 
mo  latiore,  securiformi,  apice  subacuto ;  labiales  brevissimi,  articulo  ultimo 
minuto  subulato. 

This  very  remarkable  genus  is  mentioned  by  name  in  Dejean’s  Catalogue,  and 
is  placed  by  that  author  towards  the  beginning  of  his  group  Malacodermata,  near 
Cyphon,  with  which,  however,  it  seems  to  have  but  little  affinity.  Erichson, 
probably  never  having  seen  the  insect,  referred  it  upon  Dejean’s  authority,  to 
Cyphones,  with  a  doubt.  (Vide  Agassiz  Norn.  Zool.)  A  close  comparison  with 
other  groups  has  convinced  me,  that  although  its  affinities  in  any  direction  are 
difficult  to  discover,  it  must  still  be  considered  as  forming  a  part  of  the  present 
family. 

The  body  is  depressed,  narrowed  in  front,  obtusely  rounded  behind.  The 
mandibles  are  small,  acute  and  entirety  concealed  by  the  broad  and  emarginate 
labrum  ;  the  mentum  is  trapezoidal ;  the  ligula  short,  square  and  slightly  emar¬ 
ginate  at  tip.  The  prosternum  is  truncate  in  front,  prolonged  behind  into  an 
acute  point  which  passes  in  a  narrow  groove  extending  the  whole  length  of  the 
mesosternum.  The  anterior  coxae  are  precisely  as  in  Helichus  ;  the  posterior 
coxae  are  slightly  laminate  and  dilated  interiorly  as  in  Helichus,  but  are  conti¬ 
guous  at  their  base  ;  the  parapleurae  are  broadly  truncate  at  the  external  posterior 
angle,  and  the  parallelogram  is  completed  by  a  large  triangular  plate.  The  ab¬ 
domen  is  7-jointed,  the  first  three  joints  are  immovable,  the  5th  deeply  emar¬ 
ginate,  the  6th  retracted  so  as  to  have  only  the  edge  visible,  the  last  joint  almost 
round ;  the  feet  have  the  last  joint  much  longer  than  the  other  four  united,  with 
strong  simple  claws. 

The  larva  resembles  in  appearance  a  Trilobite,  and  has  been  described  by 
De  Kay  as  a  Crustaceous  animal  under  the  name  Fluvicola  Herriclci.  It  is  en¬ 
tirety  aquatic,  and  breathes  by  means  of  branchial  filaments,  the  principal  of 
which  proceed  from  the  anus.  For  a  full  description  of  it  and  the  pupa  see 
Agassiz’  Lake  Superior.  It  bears  a  close  comparison  with  the  larva  of  Elmis  by 
Erichson,  (Deutschl.  Insect.  525). 


6 


42 


[February, 


The  perfect  insect  lives  on  bushes  over  the  surface  of  running  water,  and  is 
also  found  creeping  over  the  wet  stones  in  torrents ;  the  under  surface  of  the 
body  is  sericeous,  with  fine  fulvous  hair,  perfectly  like  Helichus. 

1.  E.  Lecontei,  stibdepressus,  ater,  subtiliter  punctulatus  et  pubescens, 
thorace  antice  fortiter  angustato,  basi  bisinuato,  angulis  posticis  acutis,  elytris 
marginatis,  lineis  elevatis  minus  distinctis,  pedibus  rufis.  Long.  -2. 

Western  New  York  and  Pennsylvania.  The  great  facilities  and  assistance 
which  my  father,  Major  Le  Conte,  has  constantly  extended  to  me  in  my  scientific 
labors,  will  be  a  sufficient  excuse  for  my  continuing  the  name  under  which  this 
curious  insect  is  mentioned  by  Dejean,  and  by  which  it  is  already  known  to  a 
large  number  of  European  entomologists. 

Div.  2.  Dryopini  Er. 

Coxae  anticae  transversae,  trochantino  conspicuo,  abdomen  5-articulatum. 

Lara. 

Caput  porrectum,  subtus  non  obtectum;  antennae  simplices  elongatae. 

Body  elongate,  narrowed  and  subacute  anteriorly.  Head  not  deflexed  ;  anten¬ 
nae  with  the  first  joint  cylindrical,  a  little  longer  and  thicker  than  the  two  follow¬ 
ing,  which  are  equal ;  the  fourth  is  a  little  shorter;  the  rest  are  broken  off,  (pro¬ 
bably  serrate.  The  labrum  is  large  and  broad,  rounded  in  front,  and  scarcely 
emarginate ;  the  mandibles  slightly  emarginate  at  tip.  Mentum  trapezoidal, 
ligula  broad,  truncate  in  front.  Prosternum  with  a  short  point  behind,  which 
fits  into  the  excavated  mesosternum  ;  middle  coxae  moderately  distant;  posterior 
coxae  contiguous  at  base,  very  slightly  and  gradually  dilated  internally.  Legs  as 
in  Helichus.  The  body  above  and  beneath  coated  with  very  fine  pubescence. 

This  genus  seems  to  be  the  desired  link  connecting  the  anomalous  form  Eury- 
palpus  with  the  true  Parnidae ;  the  abdomen,  coxae  and  feet  are  precisely  the 
same  as  in  the  latter,  while  the  long  simple  antennae  are  anomalous  in  this  sub¬ 
division  ;  the  large  uncovered  labrum  is  not  seen  in  this  subdivision,  but  is  found 
in  Elmis,  Macronychus,  &c.,  of  the  next  subdivision,  to  which,  however,  it 
cannot  be  referred  on  account  of  the  transverse  form  of  the  anterior  coxae.  The 
thorax  is  much  narrowed  in  front,  with  the  posterior  angles  acute;  scutellum 
large,  acute;  elytra  almost  parallel,  rounded  at  apex.  The  genus  is  named  after 
a  water  nymph. 

1.  L.  a  v a  r  a,  olivaceo-picea,  thorace  confertim  grosse  punctato,  lateribus  bi- 
sinuatis,  disco  elevato,  canaliculato,  margine  antico  late  depresso,  elytris  nitidis 
subtiliter  striato  punctatis,  pone  basin  oblique  impressis.  Long.  *3. 

Sacramento,  California,  Mr.  Rathvon.  The  thorax  has  the  disc  suddenly  ele¬ 
vated  and  canaliculate,  so  as  to  present  two  large  bosses,  the  lateral  margin  is  a 
little  excavated  anteriorly  and  posteriorly  ;  the  alternate  interstitial  spaces  of 
the  elytra  are  more  distinctly  sericeous ;  the  feet  are  black,  the  femora  at  base 
ferruginous. 

Lutrochus  Er.  (Ins.  Deutschl.  509.) 

1.  L.  lute  us,  ovalis,  convexus,  aeneo-luteus,  subtiliter  punctulatus,  et  bre- 
vissime  dense  pubescens ;  thorace  lateribus  rectis,  basi  bisinuata,  medio  leviter 
producta,  et  truncata.  Long.  *12.  This  very  remarkable  insect  was  found  by 
Lieut.  H.  Haldeman,  U.  S.  A.,  at  Fort  Gates  in  Texas ;  for  my  specimens  I  am 
indebted  to  his  brother  S.  S.  Haldeman.  The  only  other  species  known  is  from 
Brazil. 

Pelonomus  Er. 

1.  P.  obscurus,  subcylindricus,  piceus,  pube  erecta  dense  vestitus,  thorace 
confertim  punctulato,  lateribus  rectis  obliquis,  basi  bisinuata,  medio  late  trunca¬ 
ta,  angulis  posticis  acutis,  elytris  dense  subtiliter  punctatis,  obsolete  striatis, 
tibiis  tarsisque  rufis.  Long.  *26. 

Southern  and  Western  States,  very  rare;  remarkable  for  the  eyes  being  nearly 
as  hairy  as  the  rest  of  the  body. 


1852.] 


43 


HELTCHrs  Er. 

A.  Elytra  vitta  suturali  nitida ,  fere  glabra. 

1.  H.  striatus,  elongatus,  atro-olivaceus,  fere  opacus,  thorace  confertim  punc¬ 
tato,  latitudine  vix  breviore,  antrorsum  angustato,  lateribus  rotundatis,  disco 
ante  basin  elevato,  medio  impresso,  basi  subito  depressa,  utrinque  foveata,  elytris 
striis  punctatis  sat  profundis,  interstitiis  alternatim  paulo  elevatis,  sutura  nitida. 
Long.  -24.  Vermont.  C.  B.  Adams. 

2.  H.  basal  is,  minus  elongatus,  obscure  olivaceus,  subnitidus,  thorace 
punctato,  latitudine  breviore,  antrorsum  angustato,  lateribus  versus  basin  valde 
inflexis,  disco  ante  basin  transversim  elevato,  basi  depressa,  elytris  seriatim 
foveatis,  seriebus  internis  duabus  minus  distinctis,  usque  ad  striam  3iam  nitidis. 
Long.  *]9. 

Pennsylvania,  Dr.  Melsheimer.  Troy,  (N.  Y.)  Prof.  Adams.  This  species 
was  given  me  by  Dr.  Melsheimer  as  Parnus  fasti giat its  Say,  from  which  it 
differs  by  having  the  posterior  angles  of  the  thorax  rectangular  ;  the  hairs  on  the 
shining  part  of  the  elytra  are  sparse,  but  not  at  all  fasciculate. 

3.  H.  foveatus,  elongatus,  atro-olivaceus,  fere  opacus,  thorace  confertim 
punctato,  latitudine  non  breviore,  antrorsum  rotundato,  minus  angustato,  disco 
versus  basin  minus  subito  depresso,  utrinque  foveato,  elytris  striis  grosse  punc¬ 
tatis  interstitiis  internis  tribus  nitidis.  Long.  *20. 

Sta.  Fe  (New  Mexico.)  Fendler. 

4.  H.  sutural  is,  elongatus,  obscure  olivaceus,  opacus,  thorace  confertim 
punctato,  latitudine  non  breviore,  antrorsum  non  angustato,  angulis  posticis  rec- 
tis,  elytris  seriatim  punctatis,  vitta  suturali  nitida.  Long  *20. 

San  Diego,  California.  One  specimen. 

B.  Elytra  cequaliter  pubes centia. 

5.  H.  productus,  elongatus,  obscure  olivaceus,  opacus,  thorace  confertim 
punctato,  latitudine  non  breviore,  antrorsum  vix  angustato,  angulis  posticis 
acutis  productis,  elytris  seriatim  punctatis,  versus  suturam  subnitidis.  Long.  30. 

San  Diego. 

6.  H.  lithophilus  Er.  Ins.  Deutschl.  510.  Elmis  litliophila  Germ.  Ins. 
Nov.  88.  Pennsylvania  and  New  York. 

7.  li.  G  i  1  e  n  s  i  s,  elongatus,  obscure  olivaceus,  opacus,  thorace  confertim 
punctato,  antice  vix  angustato,  lateribus  ad  basin  paulo  inflexis,  angulis  posticis 
rectis,  elytris  totis  opacis,  seriatim  punctatis.  Long.  *17. 

One  specimen  found  near  the  villages  of  the  Pimas,  in  the  valley  of  the  Gila. 

8.  H.  fastigiatus.  Parnus  fastigiatus  Say.  Long’s  Exped.  2,  275.  Un¬ 
known  to  me  :  belongs  to  division  A. 

Div.  3.  Elmini  Er. 

Coxae  anticae  subglobosae;  abdomen  5-articulatum. 

Limnius  Mull.  Er. 

1.  L.  fast  id  it  us,  fusco-aeneus.  oblongo-ovatus,  thorace  punctato  convexo, 
angulis  anticis  porrectis,  posticis  acutis,  striola  basali  utrinque  impresso,  elytris 
seriatim  punctatis,  parce  punctulatis,  vitta  utrinque  flava,  integra,  ad  humerum 
paulo  dilatata.  Long.  *11.  Lee.  Agass.  Lake  Superior,  217. 

2.  L.  el  eg  a  ns,  niger,  vix  aenescens,  elongato-ovatus,  thorace  vix  punctula- 
to,  angulis  anticis  minutis,  posticis  rectis,  striola  basali  utrinque  impresso,  elytris 
seriatim  punctatis,  vix  subtilissime  punctulatis,  vitta  a  humero  ad  medium, 
alteraque  a  medio  ad  apicem  obliquis  flavis  ornatis,  antennis  pedibusque  testaceis. 
Long.  *09. 

Massachusetts.  Prof.  Adams. 


44 


[February, 


Elmis  Latr. 

1.  E.  bivittatus,  piceus,  elongatus  cylindricus,  antennis  tarsisque  flavis, 
thorace  convexo,  parce  punctato,  rufescente,  margine  antico  nigro,  lateribus  levi- 
ter  rotundatis,  angulis  posticis  rectis,  elytris  punctato-striatis,  vitta  lata  integra 
lutea  utrinque  ornatis.  Long.  *14. 

One  specimen  on  the  Upper  Mississippi;  judging  from  a  drawing,  this  may  be 
Elmis  bivittatus  Dej.  Cat. 

2.  E.  quadrinotatus  Say,  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  5,  187.  Elmis  vittatus 
Mels.  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  2,  99.  Common  in  the  Middle  States.  Dr.  Melshei- 
mer’s  species,  as  I  know  by  actual  inspection,  is  only  an  immature  specimen  of 
the  not  unusual  variety  with  the  spots  confluent  forming  a  vitta.  This  species 
is  much  smaller  and  less  cylindrical  than  the  preceding  :  the  feet  are  sometimes 
entirely  ferruginous. 

Stenelmis  Dufour. 

1.  S.  s  i  n  u  at  us,  elongatus,  piceus,  thorace  elongato,  inaequali,  pone  apicem 
magis  angustato,  angulis  anticis  porrectis,  apice  medio  producto  et  rotundato, 
lateribus  late  sinuatis,  elytris  punctato-striatis,  interstitio  2ndo  basi,  5tl’que  cari- 
natis,  macula  humerali  alteraque  subapicali  flavis  ornatis,  tarsis  antennisque 
ferrugineis.  Long.  *12. 

One  specimen  Tolula,  Georgia  :  the  thorax  is  elevated  in  the  middle,  deeply 
channelled,  and  has  two  tubercles  on  each  side  near  the  margin. 

2.  S.  c  ren  at  us,  elongatus,  ater,  thorace  elongato,  inaequali,  ante  medium 
angustato,  angulis  anticis  porrectis,  apice  medio  late  rotundato,  lateribus  late 
subsinuatis,  elytris  punctato-striatis,  interstitio  2ndo  basi  5l(,que  carinatis,  anten¬ 
nis  ferrugineis.  Long.  12. 

Elmis  crenatus  Say,  Long’s  Exped.  2,  275.  Pennsylvania,  Melsheimer  :  Ni¬ 
agara  :  the  thorax  is  less  suddenly  narrowed  in  front,  and  the  sides  not  widened 
at  the  apex,  but  parallel :  the  sculpture  as  in  the  last. 

3.  S.  bicar  inatus,  elongatus,  ater,  thorace  elongato,  vix  inaequali,  an- 
trorsum  angustato,  lateribus  rectis,  elytris  profunde  punctato-striatis,  interstitio 
5to  carinato,  vitta  angusta  lutea  ornatis,  antennis  tarsisque  ferrugineis.  Long. 
•12.  Ohio,  Haldeman:  the  impressions  of  the  thorax  as  in  the  preceding,  but 
very  faint. 

4.  S.  pu  s  i  1 1  u  s  ,  ater,  thorace  inaequali,  impressione  oblonga  ad  medium, 
carinaque  utrinque  laterali  notato,  lateribus  subrectis,  elytris  punctato-striatis, 
interstitio  2nd<»  basi,  4tc>  usque  ad  medium,  5toque  carinatis,  macula  humerali, 
alteraque  subapicali  luteis  obsoletis,  antennis  tarsisque  furrugineis.  Long.  *08. 
Rapids  of  Niagara,  June,  abundant. 

Macronychus  Mull. 

1.  M.  glabratus  Say,  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  5,  187.  Pennsylvania,  Melshei¬ 
mer  :  Vermont,  Prof.  Adams. 

2.  M.  lateralis  Mels.  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  2,  99.  Unknown  to  me. 

Ancyronyx  Er. 

1.  A.  variegatus  Er.  Ins.  Deutschl.  522.  Macronychus  variegatus 
Germ.  Ins.  Nov.  89  :  Sturm  Cat.  2nd,  63,  tab.  2,  12  :  Elmis  cinctus  Say,  Journ. 
Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  5,  186.  Pennsylvania,  Vermont,  Adams.  Germar’s  name  has 
precedence  by  one  year. 

Although  not  belonging  to  this  family  the  following  may  here  be  added  on  ac- 
acount  of  its  close  relation. 

Georyssus  Latr. 

1.  G.  pus  ill  us,  rotundatus,  niger,  thorace  subtiliter  canaliculats,  ante 
medium  vix  transversim  impresso,  antice  rugose  punctato,  postice  lineola 


45 


185*2.] 


utrinque  elevata  submarginali  notato,  elytris  fortiter  seriatim  punctatis.  Long. 
•07.  Platte  River,  Nebraska  Territory  :  covers  itself  with  a  casing  of  mud  like 
the  European  species.  The  thorax  is  strongly  margined,  and  has  at  the  base 
near  the  lateral  margin  a  little  interrupted  elevated  line.  In  one  specimen  the 
the  apex  of  the  thorace  is  emarginate,  but  I  can  perceive  no  other  difference. 


Synopsis  of  the  Eucnemides  of  Temperate  North  America. 
By  John  L.  Le  Conte,  M.  D. 


Although  many  entomologists  consider  that  the  small  group  of  Coleopterous 
insects,  herein  treated,  constitute  a  peculiar  family,  I  am  under  the  necessity, 
after  very  careful  examination,  of  viewing  them  as  a  mere  section  of  the  exten¬ 
sive  natural  family  of  Elateridae,  and  no  more  entitled  to  a  distinct  place  in  the 
series,  than  any  other  group  of  genera  in  that  family. 

The  character  which  essentially  distinguished  the  Elateridae  from  allied  families, 
as  Erichson*  has  pointed  out,  is  the  looseness  of  the  articulation  between  the  pro-and 
meso-thorax.  In  order  to  allow  of  greater  liberty  of  motion,  the  posterior  margin 
of  the  infixed  portion  of  the  prothorax  is  more  or  less  dilated,  or  concave,  so  as 
to  slide  over  the  opposing  part  of  the  messothorax. 

This  character,  although  good  in  theory,  is  nevertheless  sometimes  difficult  to 
be  seen,  and  is  less  developed  in  the  Eucnemides  than  in  Typical  Elaters  :  yet  I 
have  never  failed  to  detect  it,  on  close  observation.  In  the  genera  Cebrio  and 
Cerophytum  it  is  completely  wanting :  the  former  recedes  too  in  the  prominent 
mandibles,  and  the  latter  in  the  posterior  femora  being  inserted  at  the  extremity 
of  the  elongate  trochanter,  instead  of  at  its  base  and  side,  as  in  Elateridae  and 
most  other  Coleoptera.  Although  I  have  not  yet  detected  the  affinities  of  this 
difficult  genus,  I  think  there  can  be  no  doubt  of  the  propriety  of  entirely  excluding 
it  both  from  the  Elateridae  and  Cebrionidae. 

The  Buprestidae  are  distinguished  from  the  Elateridae  by  the  posterior  margin 
of  the  prothorax  beneath,  abutting  directly  against  the  mesothoracic  segment. 
More  distinct  characters  will  be  found  in  the  union  of  the  first  and  second  inferior 
abdominal  segments  :  the  suture  between  them  being  visible  only  at  the  side  : 
a  character  of  great  constancy  is  found  in  the  form  of  the  eyes,  which  are  strongly 
transverse  in  all  Buprestidae,  while  they  are  generally  round  in  all  Elateridae.  In 
order  to  include  the  Eucnemides  with  the  other  more  typical  groups,  the  Elate¬ 
ridae  may  be  thus  defined. 

Coleoptera  pentamera  antennis  serratis ,  mandibulis  retractis ,  oculis  rotun- 
datis ;  yrothorace  inf  erne  mesosternum  superante  ;  acetabulis  anticis  parvis 
rotundatis ,  in  prostemo  sit  is,  postice  valde  hientibus :  coxis  posticis  laminatis , 
trochanteribus  simplicibus  ;  abdomine  5-articulato ,  segmeutis  omnibus  distinctis. 

According  to  the  form  of  the  sternum  and  front,  this  family  may  be  divided 
into  several  groups,  of  which  the  first  and  easiest,  the  Eucnemides,  may  be  dis¬ 
tinguished  by  the  clypeus  expanded  in  front  of  the  antennae ;  the  labrum  con¬ 
cealed  :  the  head  strongly  deflexed :  the  prosternum  not  lobed  in  front.  Our 
native  genera  may  be  arranged  as  follows : 


A.  Tarsi  non  laminiferi. 

a.  Thorax  marginatus,  subtus  non  sulcatus. 

1.  Palpi  tenues,  articulo  ultimo  vix  crassiore. 

Pedes  fortiter  compressi,  (antennae  minus  approximatae) 
Pedes  tenues . 

2.  Palpi  articulo  ultimo  dilatato,  (saepius  securi- 

formi) . 

a.  Caput  sub  oculis  non  sulcatum. 

Laminae  tectrices  magnae  intus  sensim  dilatatae 
Laminae  tectrices  intus  subsubito  dilatatae 

tarsi  articulo  4l°  simplici  .... 
tarsi  articulo  4to  subtus  breviter  lobato 


Melasis  Oliv. 
Tharops  Lap. 


Euryptychus. 

Epiphanis  Esch. 
Emathion  Lap. 


Germar’s  Zeitschrift  fur  Entomol.  2,  179, 


4G 


[February, 


Laminse  tectrices  intus  quadrangulariter  dilatatae 
/3.  Caput  sub  oculis  valde  sulcatum. 

Laminae  tectrices  angustae . 

b.  Thorax  marginatus,  subtus  ad  latera  sulcatus. 

Antennae  tenues  articulo  3‘“>  sequentibus  longiore 
Antennae  tenues  articulo  3<o  non  longiore  .  .  . 

Antennae  valde  serratse  vel  pectinatae  .... 

c.  Thorax  margine  interrupto,  vel  medio  obsoleto. 

Sulci  antennales  ad  prosterni  marginem  siti, 

B.  Tarsi  subtus  laminiferi. 

Sulci  antennales  laterales  - . 

I  am  not  sure  that  the  primary  division  into  genera  with  and  without  tarsal 
appendages  is  natural,  but  as  I  have  had  no  opportunity  of  examining  any  genus 
of  the  latter  division,  I  do  not  dare  to  disturb  the  arrangement  adopted  by  all  pre¬ 
vious  entomologists.  From  considerations  derived  from  the  study  of  other  Elaters, 
I  am  inclined  to  think  that  it  would  be  better  to  divide  this  portion  (B)  among 
those  that  precede  it,  putting  Galba  next  to  Eucnemis  in  (b.)  and  the  foreign 
genus  Pterotarsus  before  Microrhagus  in  (c.). 


Anelastes  Kirby. 

Hylochares  Latr. 

Fornax  Lap. 
Isarthrus. 
Eucnemis  Ahrens. 

Microrhagus  Esch. 

Galba  Esch. 


Melasis  Oliv. 

1.  M.  pectinicornis  Mels.  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  2,148.  Pennsylvania,  Mels- 
heimer ;  Ohio,  Schaum. 

Tharops  Lap. 

1.  T.  ruf  ic  orni  s.  Melasis  rujicornis  Say,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  3,165: 
Eucnemis  {Nematodes)  rujicornis  Say,  Trans.  Phil.  Soc.  6,  187.  Missouri;  the 
elytra  are  yellow,  with  the  posterior  half  black :  sometimes  they  are  entirely 
yellow.  The  antennae  of  the  male  are  strongly  flabellate. 

2.  T.  obliquus.  Eucnemis  obliquus  Say,  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  6,187. 
Ohio,  Dr.  Harris.  My  specimens  are  two  fifths  of  an  inch  long,  which  is  double 
the  size  mentioned  by  Say. 

Euryptychus. 

Clypeus  ad  apicem  rotundatus :  antennae  articulo  lmo  elongato,  3io  praecedente 
longiore,  4 — 8  subaequalibus  crassitie  paulo  longioribus,  9 — 10  latioribus,  et  trip- 
lo  longioribus,  11  iterum  longiore,  elongato-ovali.  Palpi  articulo  ultimo  dilatato, 
triangulari ;  prosternum  postice  promineus,  mesosternum  profunde  excavatum  ; 
tibiae  calcaribus  apicalibus  distinctis ;  tarsi  tenues,  articulo  lmo  elongato  ;  la¬ 
minae  tectrices  coxarum  posticarum  intus  gradatim  valde  dilatatae,  apice  suba- 
cutae. 

The  body  is  regularly  arched,  moderately  wide  for  this  family,  and  gradually 
narrowed  behind  the  thorax  :  the  thorax  is  much  narrowed  in  front  and  rounded 
on  the  sides.  The  general  aspect  is  precisely  that  of  Ampedus. 

1.  E.  heterocerus.  Eucnemis  heterocemis  Say,  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc. 
6,  186.  Pennsylvania,  Messrs.  Ziegler  and  Rathvon. 

Epiphanis  Esch. 

The  insect  that  I  consider  as  belonging  to  this  genus,  differs  from  the  preced¬ 
ing,  in  having  the  3d  joint  of  the  antennae  scarcely  elongated  :  the  four  terminal 
joints  in  the  male  are  equally  enlarged,  and  each  is  about  twice  as  long  as  the 
7th  joint ;  the  plates  of  the  posterior  coxae  are  suddenly  dilated  within,  and  are 
broadly  truncate  at  the  extremity.  I  am  unable  to  see  the  last  joint  of  the  palpi, 
which  Eschscholtz  describes  as  ovoid. 

1.  E.  cristatus,  nigro-piceus,  griseo-pubescens,  capite  punctulato,  fronte 
tenuiter  cristata,  thorace  antrorsum  angustato  subtilius  dense  punctato,  linea 
media  vix  distincta  laevi,  elytris  parallelis  punctatis,  tenuissime  striatis,  anten- 
nis  pedibusque  rufo-piceis.  Long.  *20.  New  York,  one  male  specimen. 

2.  E.  can aliculatus,  nigro-piceus,  griseo-pubescens,  capite  punctato, 
subtilissime  carinato,  thorace  lateribus  parallelis,  ante  medium  rotundatis,  con- 


1852.] 


47 


fertissime  punctato  distincte  canaliculato,  elytris  parallels,  rugose  punctatis, 
subtiliter  striatis.  Long.  *2.  One  female,  Pennsylvania.  Differs  from  the  last 
by  its  coarser  und  denser  punctuation,  and  by  the  thorax  not  being  regularly 
narrowed  in  front. 

3.  E.  c  o  r  n  u  t  u  s  Esch.  Zool.  Atlas.  1,10.  tab.  4,  fig.  6 ;  Man.  Bull.  Mosc. 
1843,  238.  Sitkha :  unknown  to  me. 

Emathion  Lap. 

Sphcerocephalus  Esch. 

This  genus  has  a  very  great  resemblance,  to  the  last,  and  can  only  be  distin¬ 
guished  by  the  slight  inferior  prolongation  of  the  fourth  tarsal  joint,  and  by  the 
prosternal  prominence  being  acute.  In  the  last  genus  this  prolongation  is  blunt 
and  rounded.  The  males  of  this  genus  have  the  6  last  joints  of  the  antennae  a 
little  enlarged. 

1.  E.  atropos.  Eucnemis  atropos  Say.  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  6,187. 
Louisiana,  Schaum. 

2.  E.  penetrans,  elongatum  cuneiforme,  atrum  confertissime  punctatum 
subtilissime  fulvo-pubescens,  fronte  linea  tenuissima  laevi,  thorace  latitudine 
sesqui  longiore,  lateribus  parallelis  antice  rotundatis,  pone  medium  late  canali¬ 
culato,  utrinque  ante  medium  obsolete  foveato  ;  elytris  tenuiter  striatis,  antennis 
pedibusque  rufo-piceis.  Long.  *22 — *3. 

Georgia  :  in  Say’s  description  of  the  preceding  species,  probably  by  a 1  clerical* 
error,  the  terminal,  instead  of  the  penultimate  joint  of  the  tarsi  is  said  to  be  di¬ 
lated. 

Anelastes  Kirby. 

1.  A.  Druryi  Kirby.  Trans.  Lin.  Soc.  12,  tab.  21,  fig.  2  :  Guerin  Ann. 
Ent.  Soc.  Fr.  2d  ser.  1, 17.  Silenus  brunneus  Latr.  An.  Ent.  3, 129.  Georgia. 

Guerin  refers  this  genus  to  the  genuine  Elateridae  :  Erichson  in  Agassiz’  No- 
menclator  Zoologicus  places  it  in  Cebrionidae.  The  form  of  the  clypeus,  how¬ 
ever,  forces  it  into  the  present  group.  The  prosternum  is  scarcely  prominent 
behind ;  the  plates  of  the  posterior  coxae  are  suddenly  dilated,  by  the  addition 
of  a  quadrangular  piece. 

2.  A.  Latreillei,  obscure  rufo-piceus,  subnitidus,  thorace  convexo,  sub¬ 
tiliter  parce  granulato,  postice  canaliculato,  lateribus  valde  rotundatis,  angulis 
posticis  divergentibus,  elytris  profunde  striatis,  interstitiis  subtiliter  rugose 
punctatis.  Long.  *4 — 5.  Sacramento,  California,  Rathvon. 

The  thorax  is  much  more  rounded  on  the  sides  than  in  A.  Druryi,  and  the 
whole  surface  is  much  less  scabrous  ;  the  head  is  more  distinctly  granulated  than 
the  thorax,  and  the  frontal  line  is  faint  as  in  the  other  species. 

Hylochares  Latr :  Guer. 

l.H.  nigricornis.  Melasis  nigricornis  Say  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  3,  165. 
Ohio,  Schaum. 

Fornax  Lap. 

Dirhagus  Esch 

1.  F.  bicolor.  Hylocharus  ?  bicolor  Mels.  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  2,  149.  New 
York:  Wilcox. 

2.  F.  badius.  Dirhagus  badius  Mels.  ibid.  2,  149.  Pennsylvania,  S.  F. 
Baird. 

3.  F.  cylindricollis.  Eucnemis  cylindricollis  Say,  Trans.  Am.  Phil. 
Soc.  6,  188.  Illinois,  Georgia,  and  Pennsylvania. 

4.  F.  s  t  r  ia  t  u  s,  elongatus,  ater  pubescens,  confertim  punctatus,  thorace  lati¬ 
tudine  longiore,  lateribus  leviter  rotundatis,  pone  medium  late  canaliculato, 
elytris  rugose-punctatis,  striis  sat  profundis,  interstitiis  modice  convexis,  anten¬ 
nis  tibiis  tarsisque  rufo-piceis,  Long.  *22.  One  specimen,  Georgia.  Very  simi¬ 
lar  to  the  preceding,  but  smaller,  and  with  deep  distinct  elytral  6triae. 


48 


[February, 


ISAETHRUS. 

Antennae  tenues,  extus  paulo  incrassatae,  articulis  cylindricis,  2 — 12  subaequa- 
libus,  llm°  paulo  longiore.  (Palpi  invisi.)  Thorax  subtus  ad  marginem  pro- 
funde  sulcatus  :  coxarum  posticarum  laminae  tectrices  intus  modice  dilatatae,  ad 
apicem  late  rotundatae  ;  tarsi  tenues,  articulo  lm°  elongate,  2 — 4  gradatim  bre- 
vioribus,  4t0  vix  dilatato. 

This  genus  differs  from  Fornax,  by  the  third  joint  of  the  antennae  being  not 
larger  than  the  2d  or  4th  ;  and  by  the  posterior  coxal  plates  being  less  dilated  in¬ 
teriorly,  and  much  more  broadly  rounded  at  apex  :  the  fourth  tarsal  joint  is  less 
dilated. 

1.  I.  spretus,  elongatus  utrinque  obtusus,  ater,  breviter  cinereo-pubescens, 
confertim  subconfluenter  punctatus,  thorace  convexo,  antrorsum  angustato,  et 
rotundato,  elytris  striis  tenuibus,  interstitiis  rugose  punclatis,  subconvexis,  an- 
tennis  pedibusque  rufis.  Long.  *2.  Lake  Superior.  This  is  the  Fornax  spretus 
of  my  catalogue  in  Agassiz’  Lake  Superior. 

Eucnemis  Ahr. 

a.  Antenna  serratce :  tarsi  articulo  At0  simplici, 

1.  E.  clypeat.us  Say,  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  6,  189:  Elater  clypeatus 
Say,  Ann.  Lyc.  1,  266.  Pennsylvania,  Zimmerman. 

b.  Antenna  s  err  at  a:  tarsi  articulo  Ate  breviter  lobato. 

2.  E.  amaenicornis  Say,  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  6,189.  Southern  and 
Middle  States.  The  antennae  are  subflabellate  in  both  sexes  :  some  specimens 
have  the  thorax  a  little  rounded  on  the  sides  :  these  are  probably  females  :  the 
whole  appearance  is  so  similar  to  that  of  genuine  Eucnemis,  that  I  have  not  ven¬ 
tured  to  establish  a  separate  genus  upon  the  slight  difference  in  the  antennae  and 
tarsi. 

Microrhagus  Esch. 

1.  M.  imperfect  us,  elongatus,  utrinque  obtusus,  ater  pubescens,  puncta¬ 
tus,  capite  canaliculato,  thorace  latitudine  breviore,  lateribus  antice  rotundatis, 
elytris  tenuiter  striatis,pedibus'rulo-piceis,  sulcis  pectoralibus  postice  indistinctis. 
Long.  *22.  New  York,  one  female. 

2.  M.  subsinuatus,  elongatus  vix  cuneiformis.  ater,  supra  obsolete  pubes¬ 
cens,  punctatus,  thorace  brevi,  antrorsum  subangustato,  lateribus  subsinuatis, 
angulis  posticis  explanatis,  elytris  rugose  punctatis,  obsolete  striatis,  tarsis  tes- 
taceis.  Long.  *2.  Georgia,  one  male;  similar  to  the  next,  but  more  than  twice  as 
large,  and  easily  distinguished  by  the  sinuosity  of  the  sides  of  the  thorax  :  it  is 
also  more  coarsely  punctured  and  less  narrowed  behind. 

3.  M.  triangularis.  Elater  triangularis  Say,  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  3, 170  : 
Eucnemis  triangularis  Say,  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  6,  189.  Southern  and  West¬ 
ern  States  :  the  thorax  is  not  at  all  narrowed  in  front ;  the  anterior  angles  are  a 
little  rounded.  It  is  singular  that  Guerin,  (Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Fr.  1,  187,)  should 
refer  this  species  to  Eucnemis,  when  Say  expressly  states  the  antennal  groove  to 
be  near  the  middle  of  the  pectus. 

4.  M.  humeral  is.  Eucnemis  humeralis,  Say,  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  6, 
189.  Pennsylvania,  Dr.  Melsheimer. 

Galba  Esch. 

1.  G.  (Den  drocharis)  flavicornis  Guerin.  Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Fr.  2d  ser. 
1,  193.  tab.  6,  fig.  60,  61.  Georgia;  I  have  never  seen  this  fine  species. 

The  following  species  are  unknown  to  me,  and  the  genera  to  which  they  be¬ 
long  doubtful. 

Eucnemis  quadricollis  Say,  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  6,186.  Pro¬ 
bably  Melasis. 

Eucnemis  frontosus  Say,  ibid.  Probably  not  of  this  group. 

Eucnemis  calceatus  Say,  ibid.  The  description  of  the  antennae  agree 
perfectly  with  my  Isarthi  us  spretus  ;  but  the  4th  joint  of  the  tarsi  in  that  species 
is  not  lobed  beneath. 


1852.] 


49 


Dirhagus  rufipes  Mels.  Pr.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  2,  150.  The  front  is  said  to 
be  longitudinally  impressed,  which  is  an  unusual  character  in  Fornax. 

Eucnemis  muscidus  and  unicolor,  Say,  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  6, 186.  ( Elater 

m.  &  u.  An.  Lye.  1, 255,)  are  Perothops  mucidus  Erichson  Germ.  Zeitsch. 
3,  117.  The  genus  Perothops  is  of  difficult  location.  It  cannot  be  placed  in  the 
present  group  on  account  of  its  prominent,  not  indexed  mouth.  From  the  typi¬ 
cal  Elaters  it  differs  by  its  clypeus  dilated  in  front,  and  concealing  the  labrum, 
and  by  the  absence  of  an  anterior  lobe  on  the  prosternum.  It  seems  most  na¬ 
tural  to  consider  it  as  a  special  group  connecting  Anelastes  among  the  Eucnemi- 
des,  with  the  more  typical  Elaters. 

[Note. — On  p.  345  of  the  last  number  of  this  work,  (Dec.  1851),  the  name 
puncticollis  occurs  twice  in  the  genus  Podabrus.  The  first  of  these  (at 
the  top  of  the  page),  should  read  Podabrus  poricollis.] 


The  Committee  on  the  Rev.  Mr.  Langstroth’s  paper  on  the  “  Impreg¬ 
nation  of  the  Eggs  of  the  Queen  Bee/’  reported  in  favor  of  publication 
in  the  Proceedings. 

On  the  Impregnation  of  the  Eggs  of  the  Queen  Bee . 

By  Rev.  Lorenzo  L.  Langstroth. 

Many  singular  notions  have  prevailed  respecting  the  generation  of  bees. 
Virgil*  asserted  that  bees  have  no  sexual  intercourse,  but  gather  young  from 
the  leaves  of  plants.  New  colonies,  he  thought,  could  be  obtained  from  the 
carcasses  of  animals.  Swammerdam,  in  his  observations  on  bees,  made  in 
1673,  proved,  by  careful  dissection,  that  the  bee  commonly  called  the  King,  is  a 
female,  and  the  mother  of  the  whole  colony,  and  that  the  drone  is  the  male  bee. 
He  thought  that  a  seminal  atmosphere  proceeded  from  the  drones  and  caused  the 
impregnation  of  the  female,  or  as  she  is  commonly  called,  the  Queen. 

Maraldi  (1712)  conjectured  that  the  eggs  of  the  Queen  were  fecundated  by 
the  drones  after  being  laid  in  the  cells.  Arthur  Dobbs  (Philosophical  Trans¬ 
actions,  vol.  46  for  1760)  was,  I  believe,  the  first  who  suggested  that  the  Queen 
may  have  a  sperma-theca,  from  the  contents  of  which  the  eggs  are  impregnated. 
Debraw(Phil.  Transac.  vol.  67  for  1777)  imagined  that  he  saw  drones  deposit¬ 
ing  semen  in  cells  containing  eggs.  Both  Huber  and  Dr.  John  Hunter  have 
shown  that  he  was  mistaken.  The  latter  supports  the  theory  of  Dobbs,  and 
endeavors  to  strengthen  it  by  some  curious  experiments  which  he  made  on  the 
impregnation  of  the  eggs  of  the  silk-worm.  (Phil.  Transac.  vol.  82  for  1792.) 
Huber*  (17S8)  was  the  first  to  demonstrate  that  the  sexual  union  of  the  Queen 
and  drone  takes  place  when  the  insects  are  on  the  wing,  in  the  open  air ;  and  that 
a  Queen,  when  impregnated,  will  continue,  at  least  for  several  years,  to  lay  fertile 
eggs  without  any  further  intercourse  with  the  male.  He  thought  that  she  was 
impregnated  for  life,  but  he  was  not  able  even  to  conjecture  how  all  the  eggs  in 
her  ovary  could  be  at  once  fecundated.  Dzierzon,  a  German  apiarian  of  great 
practical  knowledge,  has  revived  (1845)  the  notion  of  a  permanently  impreg¬ 
nated  sperma-theca.  He  says  that  he  has  dissected  Queen  bees  both  before  and 
after  impregnation,  and  that  he  has  found  the  seminal  sac  in  the  first  case  to  con¬ 
tain  a  limpid  fluid  like  water,  and  in  the  second  case  to  be  filled  with  a  substance 
resembling  the  semen  of  the  drone.  This  would  seem  almost  to  settle  the 
question ;  but  unfortunately  he  advances  a  conjecture  which  seems  to  be  at 
variance  with  the  idea  that  he  had  much  skill  in  dissecting.  He  thinks  that 
what  is  the  poison  sac  in  the  worker  becomes  the  sperma-theca  sac  in  the 


*  Aristotle  informs  us  that  some  cultivators  called  the’rulers  or  kings,  mothers,  and  the 
drones,  males. 

t  Hattorf  and  Schirach  (1770)  believed  that  the  Queen  was  self-impregnated ;  and 
the  latter  accounted  for  the  existence  of  males  by  conjecturing  that  their  semen  formed 
the  food  of  the  young  bee. 


50 


[February, 

Queen !  Now,  the  poison  sac,  with  the  sting  and  all  its  appendages,  is  entirely 
distinct  from  the  sperma-theca,  and  can  easily  be  recognized  without  the  aid  of 
the  microscope.  He  does  not  seem  to  have  examined,  microscopically,  the  fluid 
in  what  he  calls  the  seminal  vesicle,  in  order  to  demonstrate,  by  the  presence  of 
spermatozoa,  that  it  was  the  semen  of  the  male.  As  I  am  not  aware  that  this 
has  been  done  by  any  one  else,  I  hereby  communicate  to  the  Academy  the 
results  of  such  an  examination  made  last  month,  by  Dr.  Joseph  Leidy  of 
this  city. 

The  Queen  dissected  was  taken  from  an  observing  hive  in  which  she  had  been 
lodged  in  the  Summer  of  1851,  having  accompanied  a  first  swarm  from  a  hive 
which  had  been  swarmed  in  1850.  I  am  certain  that  she  was  not  a  Queen  of 
the  current  year,  for  she  commenced  ovi-depositing  in  the  empty  cells  which  the 
hive  contained,  the  same  day  in  which  she  was  put  into  it ;  whereas  young 
Queens,  which  are  not  impregnated  until  after  they  are  established  as  heads  of  a 
new  colony,  do  not  begin  to  lay  until  after  the  lapse  of  several  days.  I  know 
that  she  was  the  same  Queen  lodged  by  me  in  the  hive,  as  the  bees  were  in  a 
hive  of  my  own  invention,  in  which  they  were  exposed  to  the  full  light  of  day, 
and  were  under  constant  inspection.  She  was  therefore  nearly  two  years  old. 
The  males  in  this  colony  had  all  been  killed  in  August  and  there  was  not  one 
in  the  hive  (Jan.  27th)  when  she  was  taken  from  it. 

Plate  XIX  in  Swammerdam’s  History  of  Insects,  represents  very  accurately 
all  the  parts  which  were  particularly  examined.  The  small  globular  vessel 
(fig.  3-t.)  which  Swammerdam  thought  secreted  a  mucous  fluid  to  attend  the 
eggs  to  the  bottom  of  the  cells,  was  found  to  be  the  true  sperma-theca.  Its 
internal  diameter  was  the  l-33d  of  an  inch,  and  it  was  distended  with  a  whitish, 
viscous  fluid  which,  when  examined  by  the  microscope,  was  found  to  be  filled 
with  spermatozoa. 

I  consider,  therefore,  that  this  dissection  demonstrates  that  the  Queen  bee  has 
a  reservoir  in  which  the  semen  of  the  male  is  lodged,  and  that  the  eggs  are  im¬ 
pregnated  as  they  pass  by  the  duct  leading  from  the  sperma-theca  into  the 
oviduct. 

Note. — Since  this  paper  was  written.  Dr.  Leidy  has  examined  two  more  Queen  bees, 
each  of  which  had  the  sperma-theca  distended  with  the  spermatic  fluid.  These  Queens 
were  both  reared  last  Summer  from  eggs  in  worker  combs,  which  were  furnished  to 
colonies  deprived  of  a  Queen.  The  construction  of  the  hives  allowed  the  whole  process 
to  be  distinctly  seen. 


Mr.  Jacob  Peirce  exhibited  a  hybrid  fowl,  being  a  cross  between  the 
Peacock  and  Guinea  Hen.  The  specimen  was  one  of  four  which  had 
been  hatched  and  raised  on  the  farm  of  Mr.  David  West,  in  Chester  Co., 
between  Kimberton  and  the  Yellow  Springs,  Pa. 

ELECTIONS. 

Dr.  Joseph  Hopkinson,  U.  S.  Navy,  Mr.  William  Struthcrs,  and  Mr. 
J.  Da  Costa,  of  Philadelphia,  were  elected  Members;  and 

Mr.  J.  W.  Foster,  U.  S.  Geologist  of  the  Lake  Superior  District,  and 
Mr.  J.  D.  Whitney,  of  the  same  district,  were  elected  Correspondents  of 
the  Academy. 


1852  ] 


51 


March  2,  1852. 

Vice  President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

Letters  were  read 

From  the  Linnean  Society  of  London,  dated  Jan.  22d,  1852,  acknow¬ 
ledging  the  receipt  of  the  Proceedings,  Vol.  5,  Nos.  9  and  10. 

From  the  Smithsonian  Institute,  dated  Washington,  Feb.  IT,  1852, 
acknowledging  receipt  of  Proceedings,  Vol.  5,  No.  12. 

From  the  American  Philosophical  Society,  dated  Feb.  21,  1852, 
acknowledging  receipt  of  the  Journal,  Part  2,  Vol.  2,  new  series,  and  of 
the  Proceedings,  Vol.  5,  No.  12. 

From  Thomas  Lawson,  Surgeon  General  U.  S.  A.  dated  Feb.  7, 1852, 
requesting  correction  of  an  error  in  the  Meteorological  Register  lately 
issued  from  the  Department,  a  copy  of  which  was  sent  to  the  Academy. 

From  Dr.  Samuel  Webber,  dated  Charlestown,  N.  Hampshire,  Feb.  25, 
1852,  acknowledging  receipt  of  his  notice  of  election  as  a  Corres¬ 
pondent. 

Dr.  J.  C.  Fisher  read  the  following  description  of  the  Aurora  of 
Thursday,  Feb.  19th,  1852.  The  observations  were  made  from  an 
elevated  point  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  Schuylkill,  where  the  view 
was  entirely  unobstructed. 

On  the  night  of  Thursday,  the  19th  of  February  last,  a  most  beautiful  Aurora 
was  visible  throughout  the  middle  and  northern  parts  of  the  United  States. 
There  were  some  circumstances  connected  with  this  one  that  seem  to  require  a 
more  particular  description  than  usual.  The  air  was  calm  and  clear.  The 
wind  was  light  from  the  N.  N.  West.  The  temperature  in  the  early  part  of 
the  evening  was  about  25®  F.,  but  it  fell  very  rapidly,  and  before  morning  it 
was  10°  F.  The  Aurora  began  in  the  early  part  of  the  night  with  the  appear¬ 
ance  of  a  bank  or  arch  of  white  light,  rising  about  15®  or  16®  above  the  horizon. 
This  continued,  with  some  few  changes,  to  be  its  general  character,  till  about  9 
o’clock,  when  a  series  of  remarkable  and  beautiful  changes  commenced,  which, 
with  some  alternations  of  repose,  lasted  till  the  whole  was  lost  in  the  dawn  of 
day.  A  little  after  10  o’clock  it  presented  some  of  the  most  remarkable  and 
beautiful  changes  it  has  ever  been  the  good  fortune  of  the  writer  to  witness. 
The  arch  or  bank  of  white  light  which  formed  the  basis  of  the  whole,  appeared 
suddenly  to  rise  and  expand  like  a  huge  billow,  or  rather  like  one  of  those  huge 
masses  of  foam  at  the  bottom  of  the  cataract  of  Niagara,  until  suddenly  bursting, 
it  threw  a  vast  volume  of  white  spray  to  the  zenith,  where  it  changed  to  a  fiery 
red,  giving  rise  to  an  alarm  of  fire.  Instantly  after  streamers  of  red,  white  and 
brown  shot  up  from  the  broken  arch  that  still  formed  the  basis  or  ground  work, 
and  which  at  the  same  time  changed  from  its  white  color  to  at  first  a  pale  green, 
and  then  to  almost  an  emerald  green.  Soon  after  the  streamers  ceased,  and 
waves  of  parti-colored  light  rushed  across  the  heavens  from  west  to  east,  as  if  in 
rapid  pursuit  of  one  another.  This  was  soon  succeeded  by  masses  of  light  shoot¬ 
ing  up  from  the  arch,  which  was  again  formed,  to  the  zenith.  Some  of  those 
masses  presented  a  remarkably  livid  appearance,  and  the  whole  formed  a  picture 
which  it  is  not  in  the  power  of  language  fairly  to  describe.  During  the  time 
when  the  auroral  changes  were  so  brilliant,  the  electrical  state  of  the  atmosphere 
was  in  a  most  singularly  disturbed  condition.  The  telegraph  wires  were  so 
highly  charged  and  conducted  so  great  a  quantity,  that  there  were  divers  and 
sundry  rather  unreadable  communications  written  down  at  the  various  stations 


TROCEED.  ACAD.  NAT.  SCI.  OF  PHILADELPHIA. — VOL.  VI.  NO.  II. 


52 


[March, 


throughout  the  country,  thus  establishing  its  electrical  character  beyond  ques¬ 
tion.  Several  persons  have  said  that  during  the  same  time  they  distinctly  heard 
a  snapping  and  cracking  noise  like  that  made  by  an  electrical  machine  when  in  a 
powerfully  excited  condition.  This,  however,  may  need  confirmation.  The 
photometric  power  of  the  aurora  when  most  brilliant,  was  about  equal  to  that  of 
the  moon  in  a  very  clear  sky,  when  about  three  days  old.  No  means  were  had 
by  the  writer  of  examining  the  magnetic  changes  and  disturbances.  These, 
however,  have  been  probably  carefully  noted  by  accurate  observers.  From  all 
the  phenomena  noticed,  however,  the  conclusion  is  a  fair  one  that  this  aurora 
was  caused  by  a  highly  disturbed  condition  of  the  electrical  tension  of  the  air, 
owing  principally  to  calorific  causes,  and  that  however  high  it  might  have  ex¬ 
tended  into  the  atmosphere,  it  undoubtedly  rested  upon  the  earth,  and  that  in  our 
immediate  vicinity. 


Dr.  Leidy  called  the  attention  of  the  members  to  a  specimen  of  the  body  of  a 
cervical  vertebra,  from  the  Eocene  formation  of  Ouachita,  Louisiana,  belonging 
to  the  cabinet  of  the  Academy.  It  is  perfectly  mineralized,  and  both  epiphyses 
are  attached,  but  portions  are  broken  away,  permitting  the  characteristic  tuber- 
culated  surface  of  the  body  to  be  seen.  It  very  probably  belonged  to  a  cetacean 
animal,  and  is  remarkable  on  account  of  the  relatively  deep  concavity  of  its  sur¬ 
faces  before  and  behind.  For  the  animal  to  which  the  vertebra  belonged,  the 
name  Pontogeneus  priscus  was  proposed. 

Dr.  Leidy  further  made  some  remarks  upon  the  comparative  osteology  and 
dentition  of  the  Hippopotamus,  and  proposed  to  consider  the  small  species, 
H.  Liberiensis,  Morton ,  as  belonging  to  a  new  genus  of  Hippopotamidae,  under 
the  name  of  Chcerodes. 

Mr.  Lea  called  attention  to  a  specimen  of  Dipsas  plicatus,  Leach , 
which  was  very  remarkable  for  its  size.  It  was  a  single  valve,  and 
measured  in  length  6f  inches,  and  in  breadth  10 J  inches.  Its  weight 
was  10 1  ounces.  The  heaviest  specimen  of  a  JJnio  known  to  Mr.  Lea 
weighed  two  pounds  ten  ounces. 

Mr.  Lea  also  exhibited  some  specimens  of  Uniones,  which  were  appa¬ 
rently  hybrid,  but  in  reality  not  so,  the  discrepancy  arising  from  acci¬ 
dental  causes. 


March  9  th. 

Mr.  Isaac  Lea  in  the  Chair. 

Dr.  Charles  M.  Wetherill  read  a  paper  intended  for  publication  in  the 
Proceedings,  entitled  i(  Examination  of  Molybdate  of  Lead  from  the 
Wheatley  Mine  near  Phoenixville,  Pennsylvania/’  which  was  referred  to 
Mr.  Ashmead,  Mr.  Yaux  and  Dr.  Land. 

Mr.  Lea  read  a  “  Description  of  a  new  species  of  Symphynote  Unio,” 
which  being  intended  for  publication,  was  referred  to  Dr.  Leidy,  Dr. 
Ruschenberger  and  Dr.  Bridges. 

A  letter  was  read  from  Amory  Edwards,  Esq.,  dated  New  York, 
March  3d,  1852,  accompanying  the  donation  of  the  heads  of  two 
Gentoo  Indians  received  this  evening,  of  which  the  following  is  an  ex¬ 
tract  : 

“The  Gentoo  tribe  of  Indians  inhabit  the  sources  of  the  Purus  river,  a  South¬ 
ern  tributary  of  the  Amazon.  The  marshy  banks  of  this  river  render  it  so  very 
unhealthy  that  very  little  is  known  of  its  inhabitants.  At  intervals  a  half-breed 


1852.] 


53 


trader  will  venture  up  from  the  town  of  Barra,  at  the  junction  of  the  Amazon 
and  Negro  rivers,  who  may  be  able  to  procure  a  very  small  quantity  of  Balsam 
de  Copaiba,  or  some  gums.  These  traders  report  this  tribe  as  inoffensive,  living 
on  fish  and  fruits,  entirely  without  clothing,  and  killing  animals  with  a  blow  gun 
and  poisoned  arrows. 

The  owner  of  one  of  these  heads  carried  it  with  him,  and  when  fishing,  had  it 
placed  with  the  face  towards  him  (<  for  luck’s  sake,”  and  it  is  extremely  rare  to 
get  them  to  part  with  one. 

These  are  the  only  ones  I  have  ever  met  with  from  this  river  ;  those  in  the  col  - 
lection  of  the  late  Dr.  Morton,  presented  by  me,  were  of  the  tribe  of  Mundrucus, 
living  between  the  Tapajos  and  Madeira  rivers,  and  one  is,  I  think,  figured  in 
the  works  of  Spix  and  Yon  Martius.” 


March  10th. 

Mr.  Ord,  President,  in  the  Chair. 

Letters  were  read 

From  the  Librarian  of  the  British  Museum,  dated  Feb.  24,  1852, 
acknowledging  the  receipt  of  the  Proceedings,  Vol.  5,  No.  11. 

From  the  Faculty  of  Harvard  College,  dated  Cambridge,  Feb.  27, 1852, 
acknowledging  the  receipt  of  a  copy  .of  the  Memoir  of  Hr.  Morton  by 
Hr.  Meigs. 

Dr.  Leidy  called  the  attention  of  the  members  to  five  heads  lying  upon  the 
table,  of  what  were  usually  considered  as  belonging  to  a  single  species  of  Hip¬ 
popotamus,  under  the  name  of  H.  amphibius.  Two  of  the  specimens  are 
from  North  Western  Africa,  and  three  from  Southern  Africa.  Between  those  of 
the  two  localities,  various  differences  were  pointed  out,  the  most  important  being 
the  existence  of  a  single  band  of  enamel  upon  the  upper  canines  of  the  North 
Western  Hippopotamus,  and  the  band  being  divided  into  two  by  a  space  of  three 
lines  on  the  outer  side  of  the  posterior  groove  in  the  Southern  Hippopotamus. 
Dr.  L.  therefore  concluded  with  Desmoulins  and  Duvernoy,  that  there  were  two 
distinct  species  of  Hippopotamus,  and  as  that  of  Northern  Africa  was  the  ear¬ 
liest  known,  the  name,  H.  amphibius  should  be  retained  for  it,  while  that  of  the 
South  should  retain  Desmoulin’s  name  of  H.  capensis. 

Hr.  Le  Conte  mentioned  that  the  specimens  of  Casteroides  Obioensis, 
presented  this  evening,  were  important,  as  giving  a  new  locality  to  this 
animal.  They  were  obtained  by  Hr.  Feuchtwanger  from  a  well  near 
Shawneetown,  forty  feet  below  the  surface. 

Hr.  Hays  stated  that  the  tooth  of  the  fossil  Tapir  presented  by  him 
this  evening,  was  found  in  the  bed  of  a  canal  in  North  Carolina.  It 
had  been  in  his  possession  for  several  years,  and  was  the  first  fossil 
Tapir  tooth  found  in  North  America. 


March  23 d. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

Hr.  Leidy  called  attention  to  the  very  fine  skeleton  of  Troglodytes 
gorilla,  recently  presented  to  the  Academy  by  Hr.  Henry  A.  Ford  of 
Liberia,  which  is  now  mounted  and  in  the  Hall.  The  height,  as  it  now 
stands,  is  four  feet  nine  inches. 


54 


[March, 


Mr.  Lea  made  some  remarks  on  the  subject  of  the  periodicity  of  the  Family 
TJnionidce.  He  mentioned  that  some  of  the  species  matured  and  ejected  from 
their  oviducts  the  perfect  shell  in  the  autumn,  others  in  the  spring,  and  some 
apparently  in  the  winter.  He  mentioned  that  few  observations  had  yet  been 
made  on  this  interesting  branch  of  animal  economy.  He  had  himself  made  some 
observations  many  years  since  on  the  Unions*  and  Anodontce  of  our  vicinity  ; 
and  his  brother,  T.  G.  Lea,  had,  at  his  request,  made  some  interesting  observa¬ 
tions  of  those  in  the  vicinity  of  Cincinnati,  part  of  which  had  been  noted  in  the 
Transactions  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society.  He  then  read  part  of  a 
letter  from  Mr.  Joseph  Clark  of  Cincinnati,  in  which  he  mentions  having  ob¬ 
served  the  periodicity  of  several  species  within  the  last  six  months.  The  Ano- 
donta  edentula ,  Say,  was  found  with  oviducts  fully  charged  in  September,  as 
were  also  Unio  ellipsis ,  Lea,  U.  irroratus ,  Lea,  77.  securis ,  Lea,  77.  foliatus , 
Hild.  and  77.  orbiculatus ,  Hild.  In  October  he  found  the  ova  of  the  Unio  multi - 
plicatus ,  Lea,  more  than  half  developed,  and  thinks  they  would  have  been  ma¬ 
tured  in  the  spring.  In  the  Unio  anodontoides ,  Lea,  they  were  beautifully  de¬ 
veloped,  and  would  probably  have  been  matured  and  voided  in  the  winter.  The 
oviducts  of  the  last  species  are  bordered  with  a  beautiful  blue  color. 

Thus  Mr.  Clark’s  conclusions  were  the  same  as  to  the  different  periods  of 
various  species  as  Mr.  Lea’s,  and  there  cannot  be  a  doubt  but  that  the  terms  of 
the  species  differ  according  to  their  own  law. 


March  30  th. 

Vice  President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

The  Committee  on  Mr.  Lea’s  description  of  a  new  Unio,  reported  in 
favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings. 

Description  of  a  new  species  of  Symphynote  Unio . 

By  Isaac  Lea. 

Unio  Chmingii.  Testa  alata,  plicata,  triangulari,  valde  compressa,  postice 
angulata,  valde  inaequilaterali ;  ala  elevata,  acuminata,  margir.e  crenulata;  val- 
vulis  subtenuibus,  ante  et  post  nates  connatis ;  natibus,  et  alae  posterioris  basi 
apiceque  undulatis ;  natibus  compressis,  ad  apicem  undulatis,  haud  prominenti- 
bus ;  epidermide  nitida,  tenebroso  viridi,  perradiata;  dentibus  cardinalibus  la- 
mellatis,  lateralibus  longissimis,  lamellatis  subcurvisque ;  ligamento  celato; 
magarita  alba  et  iridescente. 

Shell  alate,  plicate,  triangular,  very  much  compressed,  angular  behind,  very 
inequilateral ;  wing  high,  acuminate,  crenulate  on  the  margin  ;  valves  rather 
thin,  connate  before  and  behind  the  beak;  beaks,  and  the  base  and  summit  of  the 
posterior  wing  undulated  ;  beaks  compressed,  undulated  at  the  tip,  not  promi¬ 
nent  ;  epidermis  shining,  dark  green,  radiated  all  over  ;  cardinal  teeth  lamellar  ; 
lateral  teeth  very  long,  lamellar  and  somewhat  curved  ;  ligament  concealed ; 
nacre  white  and  iridescent. 

Habitat  northern  part  of  China.  H.  Cuming,  Esq. 

Diam.  .7,  length  2.6,  breadth  3.1  inches. 

This  very  beautiful  and  rare  Unio  is,  in  form  and  general  outline,  very  much 
like  the  Dipsas  plicatus ,  Leach,  but  they  cannot  be  confounded  with  each  other, 
as  they  belong  to  very  distinct  genera,  the  Dipsas  having  but  one  linear  tooth 
in  each  valve,  while  the  above  described  shell  has  perfectly  well  defined  lamellar 
cardinal  teeth,  double  in  the  right  and  single  in  the  left  valve.  It  also  has  long,  la¬ 
mellar,  lateral  teeth,  double  in  the  left  and  single  in  the  right  valve.  It  differs  also 
in  the  folds,  having  them  extending  over  the  flattened  side  from  the  beaks,  in  this 
specimen,  which  is  not  half  grown,  to  half  the  length  of  the  shell.  The  folds 


1852.] 


55 


on  the  win?  also  differ,  the  V inning ii  having  the  row  from  the  beak  to  the  pos¬ 
terior  margin  much  nearer  to  the  umbonial  slope.  The  folds  in  the  superior  part 
of  the  wing  are  smaller.  This  shell  is  very  much  compressed  at  the  beaks  and 
reminds  one  of  the  Margaritana  comjil anata  (nobis.) 

Mr.  Cuming  informs  me  that  he  has  received  several  specimens  from  the 
northern  part  of  China,  and  that  the  full  grown  ones  are  5i  inches  by  6| 
inches.  I  dedicate  the  specimen  to  my  friend,  Mr.  Cuming,  to  whose  kindness  I 
owe  the  possession  of  m3'  specimen. 


The  Committee  on  the  following  paper  of  Dr.  C.  M.  Wetherill,  re¬ 
ported  in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings  : 


'Examination  of  Molybdate  of  Lead,  from  Wheatley’s  Mine  near  Phaenixville, 
Chester  County ,  Pennsylvania. 

By  Charles  M.  Wetherill,  Ph.  D. 

The  mineral  was  given  to  me  by  Mr.  W.  S.  Vaux,  who  received  it  from  Mr. 
Wheatley.  It  was  found  at  his  mine  near  Phcenixville,  Chester  County,  Pa. 
The  Molybdate  occurs  with  Phosphate  of  Lead.  The  crystals  (square  tables 
modified,)  are  of  light  red  color.  Lustre  adamantine,  translucent,  streak  white. 
Before  the  blow-pipe  on  charcoal  decrepitates,  and  fuses  with  reduction  of  lead. 
On  platinum  wire  with  borax  in  the  outer  flame  is  dissolved  to  a  trans¬ 
parent  glass,  yellow  while  hot,  colorless  on  cooling;  in  the  inner  flame,  the  bead 
becomes  deep  brown  when  cool.  In  salt  of  phosphorus  in  the  outer  flame,  the 
same  reaction  occurs  as  with  borax  ;  in  the  inner  flame  the  green  color  charac¬ 
teristic  of  Molybdena  appears.  It  dissolves  almost  completely  in  nitric  acid, 
and  in  hydrochloric  with  a  residue  of  chloride  of  lead  ;  these  solutions  are  yellow. 
Hardness  between  selenite  and  calc  spar,  or  between  two  and  three  of  Mohs’ 
scale.  Density  ascertained  with  one  gramme  of  the  crystals  5*6. 

A  portion  of  the  crystals  was  analyzed  in  the  moist  way  by  dissolving  in  boil¬ 
ing:  dilute  hydrochloric  acid,  and  separating  the  crystals  of  chloride  of  lead, 
which  form  on  cooling.  These  crystals  were  not  completely  soluble  in  boiling 
water,  but  left  a  residue  in  small  quantity,  apparently  silica.  The  solution  fil¬ 
tered  from  the  chloride  of  lead,  treated  with  sulphuretted  hydrogen,  gave  a  dark 
brown  precipitate,  composed  of  the  sulphurets  of  lead  and  molybdenum,  the  latter 
was  dissolved  from  the  lead  by  hydrosulphuret  of  ammonia.  The  filtrate  from  the 
sulph.  hydrogen  precipitate  contained  a  trace  of  iron. 

I  was  not  able  to  detect  chromium  either  by  Ihe  moist  way  or  before  the  blow¬ 
pipe.  The  earths  and  alkaline  earths  were  also  absent. 

I  am  not  aware  that  a  red  molybdate  of  lead  of  American  locality  has  been 
described. 


The  following  resolution  was  unanimously  adopted  : 

Resolved ,  That  a  copy  of  the  Proceedings,  as  far  as  published,  be  pre¬ 
sented  to  Dr.  Henry  A.  Ford,  of  Liberia,  Africa,  in  return  for  his  re¬ 
cent  valuable  contributions  to  the  Academy,  from  that  country. 

Dr.  Elwyn  offered  the  following,  which  was  adopted : 

Resolved,  That  a  Committee  be  appointed  to  communicate  with  Com¬ 
modore  Perry,  in  relation  to  making  collections  of  objects  of  Natural 
History  in  India,  by  the  U.  S.  Expedition  which  is  to  sail  shortly 
for  that  station. 

Committee — Mr.  Cassin,  Dr.  Ruschenberger  and  Dr.  Elwyn. 


56 


[April, 


election. 

•  i 

Amory  Edwards,  Esq.,  of  New  York,  and  Charles  H.  Budd,  M.  D., 
of  Pemberton,  N.  J.,  were  elected  Members ,  and  Henry  A.  Ford, 
M.  D.,  of  Liberia,  Western  Africa,  was  elected  a  Correspondent  of  the 
Academy. 

April  Qfh. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

Letters  were  read 

From  the  Royal  Academy  of  Sciences  at  Vienna,  dated  October  26, 
and  December  12,  1851,  transmitting  the  “Denksehriften,  Matke- 
matische-Naturwissen.  Classe,”  vol.  3,  part  1,  and  u  Sitzungsberic-ht, 
Mathemat.  Naturwissen.  Classe,”  vol.  6  and  vol.  7,  parts  1  and  2. 

From  Dr.  F.  H.  Troschel,  dated  Bonn,  Jan.  16, 1852,  acknowledging 
receipt  of  Proceedings  of  the  Academy,  vol.  5,  Nos.  3,  4,  6,  7  and  8, 
and  requesting  other  numbers  deficient  in  his  series ;  also  transmitting 
“  Archiv  fur  Naturgeschichte,”  No.  6,  1849,  Nog.  2,  3,  4  and  5,1850, 
and  Nos.  1,  2,  3,  1851. 

From  the  Royal  Academy  of  Sciences  of  Naples,  dated  Jau.  24,  1852, 
acknowledging  the  receipt  of  late  Nos.  of  the  Proceedings. 

A  paper  was  presented  by  Col.  George  A.  McCall,  intended  for  publi¬ 
cation  in  the  Proceedings,  describing  a  new  species  of  Carpodacus.  Re¬ 
ferred  to  Mr.  Cassin,  Dr.  Woodhouse  and  Dr.  LeConte. 

Dr.  Woodhouse  read  a  paper,  intended  for  publication  in  the  Pro¬ 
ceedings,  entitled,  “ Description  of  new  species  of  Birds  of  the  genera 
Vireo,  Vieill.  and  Zonotrichia,  Swain.”  collected  by  the  author  in  Texas, 
while  attached  to  the  late  U.  S.  Expedition  under  Captain  L.  Sitgreaves, 
for  exploring  the  Zuni  and  Colorado  Rivers  of  the  West.  Referred  to 
Col.  McCall,  Mr.  Cassin  and  Dr.  Wilson. 

Dr.  LeConte  offered  the  following  additional  remarks  on  some 
fossil  Pachyderms,  from  Illinois,  referred  to  on  page  3  of  the  present 
volume : 

Having  recently  had  an  opportunity  of  inspecting  an  entire  skull  in  the  pos¬ 
session  of  Dr.  Leidy,  closely  allied  to,  if  not  identical  with  the  cranium  described 
by  me  as  Hyops,  and  afterwards  as  Dicotyles  depressions,  I  have  the  satisfac¬ 
tion  of  being  able  to  arrange  this  confusing  mixture  of  bones  in  a  natural  man¬ 
ner.  I  have  seen  distinctly  that  the  parts  described  as  belonging  to  the  upper 
jaw  of  Platygonus  compressus,  in  reality  belong  to  Hyops,  but  that  the  singularly 
dilated  lower  jaw  associated  with  them,  is  part  of  another  animal  for  which  the 
name  Platygonus  must  be  retained.  The  large  inferior  canine  referred  to  Dico¬ 
tyles  depressions  is  perhaps  the  canine  of  the  genus  with  dilated  jaw  ;  at  any 
rate,  it  cannot  belong  to  Hyops,  and  until  the  canine  of  Platygonus  is  found  in 
situ,  it  would  be  more  natural  to  consider  it  as  not  indicating  a  third  animal,  of 
which  no  other  trace  remains. 

The  inferior  molars  and  canine  from  another  locality,  on  which  the  genus 
Protochcerus  was  founded,  also  belong  to  Hyops.  In  palliation  of  this  blunder,  I 
may  say,  that  the  cranium  and  superior  canines  and  molars  of  Hyops  were  asso¬ 
ciated  with  no  lower  teeth  except  those  in  the  fragment  of  dilated  jaw,  which 


1852.]- 


57 


certainly  seemed  to  accord  very  closely  in  size  and  shape  with  the  upper  jaw. 
Any  one  who  has  observed  the  very  close  correspondence  between  the  dentition 
of  suiline  pachyderms,  and  the  great  variation  in  different  portions  of  the  dental 
series,  w;ll  appreciate  the  difficulty  of  apportioning  properly  small  fragments  of 
closely  allied  species,  and  will  excuse  the  faults  which  I  have  unconsciously 
committed.  As  the  best  reparation  for  these  errors,  I  subjoin  the  following 
synonyms  of  the  fiagments  of  the  head,  described  by  me  : 

Hvops  depressifrons  Lee.  Am.  Journal  of  Sc.  2d  series,  5,  103. 

Dicotyles .depressifrons  Lee.  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  6,  3. 

(In  part.)  Platygonus  compressus  Lee.  Am.  Joufnal,  1.  c.  and  Trans.  Am. 
Ac.  Arts,  N.  ser.  3,  p.  1,  2,  3. 

Protochcerus  prisma, ticus  Lee.  Am.  Journal,  1.  c.  5,  103:  Proc.  Ac.  6,  5. 

The  fragments  to  be  here  referred,  are  a  cranium  :  fragments  of  anterior  part 
of  head  with  premolars  and  canines  :  the  entire  dental  series  of  upper  jaw  :  except 
the  last  molar,  the  canine  and  two  inferior  molars  of  lower  jaw,  the  latter  be¬ 
longing  to  a  smaller  specimen  of  perhaps  another  species. 

Platygonus  compressus  Lee.  Am.  Journ.  L  c.  and  Trans.  Am.  Ac. 
Arts. 

Lower  jaw  with  two  posterior  molars  :  pi.  3,  fig.  7. 

Upper  teeth,*  posterior  molar  and  two  premolals  :  pi.  3,  fig.  12  and  13,  (left 
hand.) 


Mr.  Lea  stated  some  of  his  views  .regarding  species,  and  mentioned  that  the 
subject  had  engaged  the  attention  of  eminent  naturalists,  some  of  whom  bad  given 
definitions,  which  did  not  fulfil  his  idea  of  what  constituted  that  term.  Lindley, 
in  his  Introduction  to  Botany,  has  given  some  very  judicious  and  philosophic 
views  on  classification.  “  Species, ”  he  says,  “  are  created  by  Nature  herself, 
and  remain  always  the  same  in  whatever  manner  they  may  be  combined;  they 
form  the  basis  of  all  classification,  and  are  the  only  part  of  it  which  can  be  con¬ 
sidered  absolute.’5  In  this  he  makes  no  attempt  to  define  his  ideas  of  species.  It 
is  assumed  to  be  a  distinct  creation,  and  unchangeable. 

MM.  Ray  and  Drouet  (“  Revue  et  Mag.  de  Zoologies  1849  ”)  give  their  views 
of  what  forms  a  species,  in  the  following  terms  :  “  Generalement  on  entend,  par 

ce  mot,  (espece)  un  type  d’organization  de  forme  et  d’activite,  rigoureusement 
determine,  qui  se  perpetue  successivement  par  generation  directe  et  d’une  ma- 
niere  indefinie  avec  la  meme  Constance  de  caracteres.” 

Milne  Edwards’  definition  of  species,  Mr.  Lea  thought  was  less  clear.  He  says, 
“  On  donne  le  nom  d’espece  ala  reunion  des  individus,  que  se  reproduisent  entre 
eux  avec  les  memes  proprietes  essentielles.” 

Cuvier  considered  that  the  fact  of  the  succession,  and  of  the  constant  succes¬ 
sion,  constituted  alone  the  validity  of  the  species. 

Dr.  Morton. comprised  his  view  of  species,  as  “  a  primordial  organic  form.” 

Neither  of  these  definitions  fulfil  Mr.  Lea’s  idea  of  w7hat  forms  a  species.  It 
seemed  to  him,  that  a  species  must  be  considered  to  be  a  primary  established  lav, 
stamped  with  a  persistent  fofm  pertaining  solely  to  itself,  with  the  power  of 
successively  reproducing  the  same  form  and  none  other. 

Mr.  Lea  also  stated  he  was  about  to  issue  a  new  edition  of  his  Synopsis  of  the 
Family  Naiades ,  with  much  additional  matter.  That  in  the  introductory  part, 
he  had  given  the  classification  of  various  zoologists,  and  among  others  those  who 
had  divided  the  Naiades  by  their  anatomical  differences,  viz:  D’Orbigny,  Tro- 
schel,  and  Agassiz.  In  these  he  said  it  would  be  observed,  by  consulting  the 
works  of  the  two  first,  and  a  work  entitled  “Shells  of  New  England,”  by  Mr. 

*The  figures  of  these  teeth  were  so  badly  drawn  by  the  artist  engaged  by  me,  arid 
still  farther  deteriorated  and  altered  while  in  the  hands  of  Mr.  Endicott,  that  the  minute 
differences  which  distinguish  such  closely  allird  nrdroals  are  not  to  be  seen  :  in  excuse 
for  permitting  such  figures  to  go  before  the  worid,  I  must  say  that  the  memoir  was 
printed  during  my  absence  on  a  scientifie  expedition,  and  that  no  opportunity  was  offered 
for  correcting  the  proof. 


[April, 


58 


W.  Stimpson,  who  cites  Prof.  Agassiz’s  MSS.,  that  they  do  not  differ  essentially 
in  their  modes  of  division.  Mr.  Lea  farther  remarked,  that  our  knowledge  of 
the  structural  differences  of  the  soft  parts  of  these  animals,  he  thought,  was  not 
sufficiently  advanced  to  found  a  perfect  and  permanent  system.  That  such  a  one 
would  he  instituted  he  had  no  doubt,  as  he  had  expressed  himself  in  1838,  in  a  note 
on  Anodonta  Blainvilliana,  in  the  second  edition  of  his  Synopsis,  p.  31,  and  he 
trusted,  that  the  able  physiologists  above  cited  would  continue  thfeir  investiga¬ 
tions;  but  he  was  disposed  to  think  that,  until  zoologists  had  examined  carefully 
the  soft  parts  of  most  of  the  existing  numerous  species,— the  exo-skeletons* 
(so  to  call  them)  of  which  have  only  come  under  our  notice — the  facilities  which 
a  good  system  ought  to  afford,  cannot  be  reaped  by  a  partial  anatomical  know¬ 
ledge,  which  does  not  now  embrace  probably  one  eighth  of  the  ascertained  spe¬ 
cies  of  the  family.  Besides,  he  was  not  at  all  disposed  to  think,  that  we  can  en¬ 
tirely  dispense  with  the  aid  wre  find  in  the  various  characters  of  the  exo-skele¬ 
tons  in  making  out  subgroups.  They  often,  indeed,  afford  striking  and  obvious 
differences,  which  the  eye  schooled  with  but  little  experience}  can  with  facility 
and  certainty  detect,  and  which  if  happily  grouped  by  an  experienced  eye  may 
greatly  aid  the  student.  These  considerations  had  induced  him  still  to  retain 
nearly  the  same  divisions  in  the  new  edition  of  the  Synopsis,  which  had  been 
used  in  the  last  one. 


April  loth. 

Vice  President  BridT$es  in  the  Chair. 

Letters  wvere  read 

From  the  Lyceum  of  Natural  History,  of  New  York,  dated  March 
24,  1852,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  a  copy  of  the  “  Notice  of  the 
Academy,”  recently  published. 

From  Commodore  Perry,  dated  New  York,  April  9,  1852,  addressed 
to  Dr.  Ruschenberger,  expressing  his  desire  and  intention  to  comply 
with  the  request  of  the  Academy  to  make  scientific  researches  in  the 
East  Indies,  during  the  cruise  of  the  U.  S.„  Squadron  on  that  station. 

Dr.  LeConte  read  a  paper  entitled,  “  Remarks  on  some  Coleopterous 
Insects,  collected  by  S.  W.  Woodhouse,  M.  D.,  in  Arkansas  and  New 
Mexico,”  which  was  referred  to  Dr.  Leidy,  Dr.  F.  Beck,  and  Dr.  Rusch¬ 
enberger. 

Dr.  Zantzinger  presented  a  paper  from  Mr.  Charles  Girard,  of  Wash¬ 
ington,  entitled,  “  Observations  on  the  North  American  Astaci,  by 
Charles  Girard;”  which  being  intended  for  publication,  was  referred  to 
Dr.  Bridges,  Dr.  LeConte  and  Dr.  Leidy. 

Dr.  Ilallowell  read  a  paper  describing  new  species  of  Reptilia  from 
Western  Africa;  which  was  referred  to  Dr.  Woodhouse,  Dr.  LeConte 
and  Mr.  Lea. 

Mr.  Lea  read  a  note  from  Wm.  H.  Prescott,  Esq.,  dated  Boston, 
April  8,  1852,  accompanying  his  donation  of  the  rare  work  “Registro 
trimestre,”  announced  this  evening. 

On  motion  of  Mr.  Lea,  the  thanks  of  the  Society  were  unanimously 
presented  to  Major  LeConte  for  the  valuable  donation  announced  this 
evening,  of  his  entire  herbarium  of  North  American  Plants. 


*  Forming  the  calcareous  coverings  and  fulcra  fur  muscular  fibres,  as  well  as  protec¬ 
tion  from  exterior  forces. 


1852.] 


59 


April  20 th. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

Letters  were  read 

From  Cap,t.  Wm.  McCluney,  U.  S.  N.,  addressed  to  Dr.  Ruschenber- 
ger,  dated  New  York  Navy  Yard,  April  17th,  1852,  offering  to  further 
the  objects  of  the  Academy,  during  the  cruise  of  the  U.  S.  Squadron  on 
the  E.  India  station. 

From  the  Royal  Academy  of  Sciences  of  Brussels,  dated  January  10th, 
1850,  and  March  13th,  1851,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  the  Journal 
Part  4,  Vol.  1,  and  Part  1,  Vol.  2. 

Dr.  Leidy  read  a  paper  entitled  “  Characteristics  of  some  new  Rep¬ 
tiles  in  the  Museum  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  by  Spencer  F. 
Baird  and  Charles  Girard;”  which,  being  intended  for  publication  in 
the  Proceedings,  was  referred  to  a  Committee  consisting  of  Dr.  Hal¬ 
lowed,  Dr.  LeConte  and  Dr.  Leidy. 

Dr.  Leidy  also  presented  a  paper  from  Prof.  Dana,  being  a  continu¬ 
ation  of  his  descriptions  of  the  Crustacea  of  the  Exploring  Expedition ; 
which  was  referred  to  the  original  Committee. 

Dr.  Leidy  read  also  a  paper  “On  the  Osteology  of  the  Head  of  the  Hip¬ 
popotamus  and  a  Description  of  the  Osteological  Characters  of  a  New 
Genus  of  Hippopotamidse,”  which  being  intended  for  publication  in  the 
Journal,  was  referred  to  Dr.  Ruschenberger,  Dr.  Woodhouse  and  Dr. 
Hallowell. 

Dr.  Leidy  stated  that  he  had  been  studying  the  characters  of  the  fossil  tortoises 
from  Nebraska  Territory,  and  had  come  to  the  conclusion  that  they  had  been 
terrestrial  and  not  aquatic  in  their  habits, and  belonged  to  the  genus  Testudo.  In  all, 
the  penultimate  vertebral  plate  is  inverted  V  formed, enclosing  with  the  pygal  plate 
the  last  vertebral  plate  ;  the  costal  plates  are  alternately  broad  and  narrow;  and 
in  those  specimens  in  which  the  marks  of  the  pygal  scute  remains,  it  is  undivided, 
as  in  the  recent  Testudo.  The  names  of  those  species  described  recently  should 
be  changed  as  follows  : 

Testudo  Nebrascensis,  Leicly. 

Stylemys  Nebrascensis,  Pr.  A.  N.  S.,  v.  173. 

Testudo  hemispherica,  Leidy. 

Emys  'hemispherica,  ib. 

Testudo  Oweni,  Leidy. 

Emys  Oweni,  ib.  327. 

Testudo  Culbertsonii,  Leidy . 

Emys  Culbertsonii,  ib.  vi.  34. 

Dr.  L.  also  called  the  attention  of  the  members  to  a  specimen  of  “  Red  Snow  ” 
Protococcus  nivalis,  beneath  the  microscope,  which  was  brought  by  Dr.  E.  K. 
Kane,  U.  S.  N.,  from  the  Arctic  region.  It  consists  of  simple,  spherical  vesi¬ 
cles,  with  a  transparent,  colorless,  shining  cell  wall,  and  bright  red,  granular 
contents.  The  vesicles  or  cells  measure  from  the  l-1750th  to  the  l-777th  of 
an  inch  in  diameter. 


9 


60 


[Afril, 


April  27th. 

Vice  President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

The  Committee  on  the  following  paper  by  Dr.  Woodhouse,  reported 
in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings. 

Descriptions  of  new  species  of  Birds  of  the  genera  Vireo}  Vieill.}  and  Zo?$o- 

trichia9  Swains . 

By  S.  W.  Woodhouse,  M.  D. 

The  specimens  described  in  the  present  paper  were  procured  by  me  in  Texas, 
whilst  attached  to  the  expedition  under  the  command  of  Captain  L.  Sitgreaves, 
Topographical  Engineer  U.  S.  Army,  which  explored  the  rivers  Zuni  and  Colo¬ 
rado  of  the  West. 

Vireo  atricapilla,  nobis. 

Form.  Robust,  wings  short  and  slightly  rounded,  first  quill  short,  third  long¬ 
est;  tail  extending  about  one  inch  beyond  the  closed  wings. 

Dimensions. — Total  length,  4  5-10,  extent  of  wings,  71,  from  flexure,  2  1-10, 
length  of  tail  1  6-10  inches. 

Colors.  Head  above  black,  which  color  extends  over  the  cheeks  and  ears  to 
the  base  of  the  lower  mandible  ;  a  white  ring  encircles  the  eye,  and  then  forms 
a  broad  band  extending  to  the  nares.  The  plumage  of  the  back  is  dark  olive 
green,  slightly  tipped  with  black,  and  gradually  becoming  lighter  over  the  rump 
and  tail-coverts.  Wings  and  tail  dark  brown,  inclining  to  black,  with  their 
outer  margin  light  olive  ;  greater  and  lesser  wing-coverts  broadly  tipped  with 
dingy  white. 

The  primaries  have  a  white  line  extending  along  their  inner  edge.  Throat, 
belly,  and  feet  white.  Sides  very  light  yellow.  Iris  bright  red.  Bill,  tarsi  and 
feet,  black. 

Habitat.  Western  Texas. 

Obs.  I  procured  this  bird  on  the  26th  of  May,  1851,  on  the  Rio  San  Pedro, 
two  hundred  and  eight  miles  from  San  Antonio,  on  the  road  leading  from  that 
place  to  El  Paso  del  Norte. 

I  was  first  attracted  by  its  singular  note,  which  I  am  unable  to  imitate.  It 
was  feeding  in  the  dense  cedars,  and  resembled  in  its  habits  our  Sylvias,  being 
continually  in  motion,  which  rendered  it  rather  difficult  to  shoot.  I  procured 
two  specimens,  both  of  which,  on  dissection,  proved  to  be  males. 

Zonotrichia  Cassinii ,  nobis. 

Form.  Bill  slender  and  conical,  with  a  well  marked  ridge  between  the  nos¬ 
trils,  extending  about  half  way  down  the  bill ;  wings  short  and  rounded,  first 
quill  shortest,  third  and  fourth  about  equal.  Tail  long  and  rounded. 

Dimensions.  Total  length  of  skin  from  tip  of  bill  to  end  of  tail  5  5  10  inches, 
wing  from  flexure  2  6-10  inches.  Tail  extending  beyond  the  closed  wings  about 
1  5-10  inches.  Total  length,  2  5-10  inches.  Bill  along  the  ridge  51-10  inches. 
From  gap  to  tip  5-10  inch  ;  tarsus  H-10  inches. 

Colors.  Head  and  back  cinereous  brown ;  throat  and  breast  very  light  cine- 
rous  brown  ;  sides  light  brown,  with  longitudinal  brown  stripes  next  the  shafts, 
and  at  their  extremities  and  the  surrounding  portions  of  the  feather,  brownish 
white.  Belly  and  vent  dingy  white,  a  strip  of  dingy  white’extending  from  the 
base  of  the  upper  mandible,  over  and  behind  the  eye.  Primaries  brown,  with 
their  outer  edges  light  brown ;  secondaries  and  scapulars  brown,  with  a  white- 
ened  band  encircling  them  ;  wing  at  the  flexure  light  yellow;  the  tail,  with 
the  exception  of  the  two  middle  feathers,  brown,  tipped  with  white,  the  mid¬ 
dle  feathers  light  brown  and  slightly  barred ;  in  the  outer  feathers  the  white 


1852.] 


61 


extends  from  the  shaft  along  the  outer  side ;  upper  mandible  light  brown,  lower 
light  yellow.  Tarsus  and  feet  flesh  colored  ;  iris  dark  brown. 

Habitat.  Western  Texas. 

Obs.  This  interesting  bird  I  shot  on  the  prairie  near  San  Antonio,  on  the  25th 
of  April,  1851,  and,  at  the  time,  took  it  for  the  Z.  savanna  (Wilson,)  which  it 
much  resembled  in  its  habits,  but  upon  examination  it  proved  to  be  totally 
distinct.  I  found  but  one  specimen,  which  is  a  male. 

I  have  named  this  in  honor  of  my  friend  Mr.  John  Cassin,  the  Corresponding 
Secretary  of  this  Society,  to  whose  indefatigable  labor  in  the  department  of 
Ornithology  we  are  so  much  indebted. 


The  Committee  to  which  was  referred  the  following  paper  by  Col. 
McCall,  reported  in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings, 

Note  on  Carpodacus  frontalis ,  {Sap,)  with  description  of  a  new  species  of  the  same 
genus,  from  Santa  Fe,  New  Mexico. 

By  Col.  George  A.  McCall,  U.  S.  A. 

In  the  Proceedings  of  this  Academy  for  the  months  of  May  and  June,  1851, 
was  published  some  account  of  such  Birds  as  I  had  met  with  during  the  preced¬ 
ing  year  in  Texas  and  New  Mexico.  In  that  paper,  under  the  name  of  Carpoda¬ 
cus  frontalis ,  Say,  I  gave  an  account  of  the  habits  of  a  bird  I  had  found  at 
Santa  Fe. 

At  the  time  I  first  observed  the  bird  to  which  I  allude,  I  believed  it  to  be  of 
a  species  not  previously  described,  and  I  brought  with  me  from  New  Mexico 
specimens  of  the  adult  birds,  the  young,  the  nest  and  the  eggs.  But  on  my  ar¬ 
rival  in  this  city,  a  comparison  with  C.  frontalis  resulted  in  the  decision  that 
my  specimens  were  of  that  species ;  they  were  accordingly  presented  to  the 
Academy  as  such,  together  with  an  account  of  their  habits.  Recently,  however, 
my  attention  has  been  called  to  these  birds  (a  close  examination  of  them  having 
been  made  by  Dr.  Wilson  and  Mr.  Cassin)  and  a  satisfactory  conclusion  has 
been  arrived  at,  that  the  birds  referred  to  do  not  belong  to  the  species  frontalis, 
but  are  of  a  species  not  previously  described ;  I  therefore  propose  the  name  fami- 
liaris,  and  annex  hereto  an  accurate  description  wThich  was  taken  from  an  ex¬ 
amination  of  a  number  of  specimens,  killed  at  Santa  Fe  in  the  spring  of  1850. 

Carpodacus  familiaris* 

Adult  male. — Front,  sides  of  head,  chin,  throat  and  rump,  crimson;  crown, 
hind-neck  and  fore  part  of  back,  brownish  crimson  passing  into  brown  on  the 
after  part  of  the  back ;  fore  part  of  the  breast  brownish  crimson  fading  into  light 
dusky  brown  on  the  abdomen,  which,  with  the  under  tail  coverts,  is  striped  with 
blackish  brown ;  wings  and  tail,  dusky  brown,  each  feather  edged  with  pale 
brown,  which  is  broadest  on  the  wring  coverts  ;  bill  robust  and  curved  on  the 
ridge,  and  together  with  the  legs  and  feet  dark  dusky ;  iris  black.  Length,  six 
inches  one  line,  alar  extent  ten  inches ;  wing  from  the  flexure  three  and  a  quar¬ 
ter  inches. 

The  female,  (in  size  rather  less  than  the  male,)  is  above,  of  a  dusky  brown 
edged  with  light  brown ;  beneath,  pale  brown  longitudinally  striped  with  dark 
brown ;  wings  and  tail  dusky,  edged  with  pale  brown.  The  young  on  the  first 
of  May  were  nearly  full  fledged,  and  were  similar  in  color  to  the  female,  though 
lighter. 

It  will  be  seen  from  the  foregoing  description  that  the  present  species  differs 
from  C .  frontalis  in  having  the  crimson  less  decidedly  defined — that  color  being 
diffused  over  a  greater  part  of  the  body,  and  gradually  fading  into  brown. 


[April, 


62 


The  Committee  on  Dr.  Hallowcll’s  paper  describing  new  species 
of  Reptiles,  reported  in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings. 

Description  of  neto  species  of  Reptilia  from  Western  Africa* 


By  Edward  Hallowell,  M.  D. 
PHRACTOGONUS,*  Hallo  well. 


Subgeneric  Characters. — Head  conical,  presenting  two  large  plates  upon  its 
upper  surface.  Nostrils  below  the  rostral.  A  row  of  longitudinal  shields  upon 
the  chest.  Body  and  tail  annulated ;  lateral  pores  near  the  anus. 

Phractogonus  galeatus. 

Specific  Characters. — Five  teeth  in  the  lower  jaw  on  each  side ;  four  maxillary 
on  each  side  of  the  upper  jaw,  and  two  intermaxillary  teeth ;  two  large  plates  upon 
the  head;  lateral  pores  near  the  anus;  pectoral  shields  four  in  number,  long 
and  narrow ;  two  hundred  and  fourteen  rings  upon  the  body,  eighteen  upon  the 
tail. 

Description. — The  head  is  small  and  somewhat  triangular,  rounded  in  front. 
It  presents  upon  its  upper  surface  two  large  plates,  one  of  which  forms  the  ros¬ 


tral.  The  posterior  of  these  is  much  the  larger,  and  is  more  extended 
transversely  than  in  its  antero-posterior  diameter.  It  presents  three 
distinct  margins  anteriorly,  its  posterior  margin  being  somewhat 
rounded;  its  superior  surface  is  convex.  The  rostral  is  rounded  an¬ 
teriorly,  depressed  above  ;  its  anterior  margin  presents  an  acute  edge. 


The  snout  extends  nearly  a  line  beyond  the  mouth.  In  an  angle  formed  by  the 
plates  just  described,  on  each  side  of  the  head,  is  one  which  is  narrow  and 
oblong  ;  and  immediately  behind  it  another  very  small  and  quadrilateral ;  behind 
this  at  the  angle  of  the  mouth  is  a  triangular  plate,  its  base  presenting  back¬ 
ward  ;  between  them  at  the  posterior  part  of  the  head  are  four  narrow  and 


more  or  less  oblong  and  two  smaller  ones.  The  nostrils  are 
quite  small,  V  shaped,  a  line  apart,  and  are  situated  upon  the  under 
part  of  the  snout,  in  a  narrow  plate  immediately  behind  the 
rostral.  The  eyes  are  not  visible.  Five  labial  plates  margin  the 


upper  jaw  on  each  side.  There  are  three  upon  the  margin  of  the  lower 
jaw,  tfrfe  posterior  of  which  is  very  large  and  quadrilateral.  The  mental 
plate  is  also  large,  with  a  rounded  posterior  margin.  The  pectoral  shields 
are  four  in  number,  the  two  middle  ones  by  their  junction  forming  a  tri¬ 
angle  superiorly.  They  are  each  about  three  lines  and  three-fourths  in  length, 
and  a  line  in  breadth.  The  two  lateral  shields,  which  are  pentagonal,  have  their 


bases  precisely  in  aline  with  those  of  the  intermediate  plates.  Im¬ 
mediately  above  the  two  middle  pectoral  are  two  small  quadrilateral 
ones  about  a  line  in  breadth ;  their  external  and  inferior  margin  is 
in  contact  with  the  superior  and  internal  margin  of  the  long  and 
narrow  external  pectoral  shields.  There  are  nine  semicircular 
rings  upon  the  upper  part  of  the  body  terminating  at  the  base  of  the 


pectoral  plates.  There  are  214  rings  upon  the  body,  and  18  upon  the  tail. 
Body  slender,  cylindrical,  fifteen  lines  in  circumference  at  its  middle,  of  an 
obscure  "white  color  :  (the  specimen  has  been  preserved  in  alcohol).  The  back 
of  the  animal  is  covered  with  numerous  small  quadrangular  scuta,  looking 


like  mosaic  :  they  are  wider  apart  upon  the  abdomen,  which  has  a 
smooth  appearance.  No  longitudinal  sulci  are  observed  upon  the  body. 
There  are  two  lateral  pores  quite  distinct,  each  in  a  separate  scale 


V. 


on  the  left  side  of  the  row  of  praeanal  scales,  and  one  near  the  centre  of  a  scale 
on  the  right  of  the  same  row.  The  scales  in  front  of  the  anus  are  six  in  number, 
the  two  middle  ones  oblong  and  quadrilateral,  the  lateral  ones  irregular  in  shape. 

Dimensions. — Length  of  head  4i  lines,  of  neck  and  body  13  inches  (Fr.)  10 
lines,  of  tail  152l  lines. 

Geographical  distribution. — Liberia,  West  Coast  of  Africa. 


0<Ppxx.ro(  munitus,  yuvos  angulus, 


63 


1852.] 

Habits. — But  little  is  known  of  the  habits  of  this  animal.  They  probably  re* 
semble  those  of  the  Amphisbaenidce. 

General  Remarks. — But  three  species  of  Lepidosternon  are  described  by  Dume- 
ril  and  Bibron  in  their  Erpetologie  Generate,  viz.,  Lep.  microcephalum,  L. 
phocaena,  and  L.  scutigerum.  From  the  microcephalum,  the  species  upon  which 
the  genus  was  founded  by  Spix,  galeatus  differs  in  the  form  and  number  of  the 
pectoral  shields,  the  number  of  plates  upon  the  head,  and  in  being  a  much  more 
slender  animal.  Lepidosternon  phocaena  presents  twelve  plates  upon  the  head,  and 
the  pectoral  shields  are  small  and  lozenge  shaped.  The  resemblance  between  the 
animal  just  described  and  the  L.  scutigerum,  the  Cephalopeltis  Cuvieri  of  Muller, 
is  more  close,  but  it  differs  from  it  in  several  well  marked  particulars,  viz.,  the 
position  of  the  nostrils,  which  in  all  the  species  described  by  Dutneril  and  Bibron 
are  stated  to  be  in  the  rostral  plate.  They  are  distinctly  so  drawn  in  the  figure  of 
the  L.  microcephalum  of  Spix,  in  his  work  on  the  serpents  of  Brazil.  In  L.  galeatus 
the  nostrils  are  situated  in  a  plate  immediately  below  the  rostral.  It  differs  also 
in  having  lateral  anal  pores,  which  are  not  mentioned  as  existing  in  either  of  the 
described  species  of  Lepidosternon,  and  in  the  number  of  rings  upon  the  body 
and  tail.  These  are  stated  by  Dumeril  and  Bibron  to  be  three  hundred  and  four¬ 
teen  for  the  body  and  fourteen  or  fifteen  for  the  tail.  The  L.  scutigerum  is  there¬ 
fore  a  much  longer  animal,  measuring  18!  inches.  All  the  species  of  Lepidos¬ 
ternon  hitherto  described  are  from  South  America. 

The  reptile  most  nearly  resembling  the  above  described  animal  is  undoubtedly 
the  Monaspis  capensis  of  Dr.  Andrew  Smith,  (Illustrations  of  the  Zoology  of 
South  Africa.  Reptilia,  pi.  67.)  The  nostrils  in  the  plate  of  Dr.  Smith  are 
placed  as  in  Phractogonus,  but  no  mention  is  made  of  his  description  of  lateral 
anal  pores.  The  number  of  rings  upon  the  body  is  206,  of  the  tail  7.  The 
prseanal  scale  is  divided  as  in  L.  galeatus  into  six  compartments,  and  the  pectoral 
shields  are  the  same  in  number  but  differ  in  shape.  The  head,  however,  has  but 
a  single  plate  or  shield,  and  hence  the  name  Monaspis.  which  cannot  with  pro¬ 
priety  be  applied  to  an  animal  with  two.  I  therefore  prefer  the  name  Phracto¬ 
gonus.  The  greater  or  less  number  of  plates  upon  the  head  may,  as  Dr.  Smith 
observes,  be  of  specific  importance  only,  but  the  position  of  the  nostrils  and  the 
presence  of  lateral  anal  pores  are  characters  of  sufficient  value  to  warrant  the 
establishment  of  a  subgenus. 

Hemidactylus  angulatus. 

Specific  Characters. — Upper  part  of  body  covered  with  tubercles,  dis¬ 
posed  in  oblique  parallel  rows  converging  toward  the  middle  line  of 
the  back.  A  large  triangular  plate  under  the  chin.  Tail  of  same 
length  as  head  and  body.  Tail  subquadrangular  at  its  base,  tapering 
gradually  towards  a  point. 

Description. — The  head  of  this  animal  is  of  moderate  size,  flattened  above, 
somewhat  swollen  at  the  temples.  The  snout  is  triangular,  depressed  above, 
the  nostrils  which  are  small  and  circular  being  placed  nearly  a  line  apart  about 
half  a  line  above  the  opening  of  the  mouth.  There  is  a  row  of  nine  or  ten  plates 
upon  each  side  of  the  upper  jaw ;  of  these  the  xwo  or  three  nearest  the  snout 
appear  to  be  the  largest.  The  same  number  exists  upon  each  side  of  the  lower 
jaw.  The  nostril  is  in  a  narrow,  oblong,  quadrilateral  plate.  The  mental  plate  is 
large  and  triangular,  with  two  smaller  quadrangular  plates  on  each  side  at  the 
apex  of  the  triangle.  The  meatus  auditorius  is  very  distinct,  of  moderate  size, 
oval  in  shape.  The  eyes  are  large  and  lateral,  with  rounded  pupils.  The  upper 
half  of  the  orbit  is  bordered  by  a  single  row  of  conical  scales.  The  chin  and 
throat  are  covered  with  small  granular  scales,  which  are  somewhat  larger  near  the 
chin.  The  scales  upon  the  neck  and  abdomen  are  smooth  and  quadrangular, 
running  in  oblique  rows.  The  upper  part  of  the  body  presents  numerous  tuber¬ 
cles  arranged  in  oblique  rows,  converging  toward  the  middle  line  of  the  back. 
The  interspaces  between  the  tubercles  are  covered  with  very  numerous  black 
points.  Upon  the  head  and  neck,  numerous  tubercles,  larger  and  more  abundant 
upon  the  neck,  are  observed,  arranged  in  an  irregular  manner.  The  upper  and 
lateral  surfaces  of  the  snout  are  covered  with  tubercles  thickly  agglomerated. 


G4 


[April, 


A  well  marked  depression  exists  upon  the  snout  and  upper  part  of  the  head. 
There  are  thirteen  or  fourteen  femoral  pores  in  the  specimen  examined,  but  no 
pores  immediately  in  front  of  the  anus.  Three  or  four  of  these  pores  extend 
beyond  the  thigh  on  each  side  about  a  line  in  front  of  the  anus.  The  under  sur¬ 
face  of  the  extremities  is  covered  with  small  imbricated  scales,  which  are  very 
minutely  punctated  with  black.  The  under  part  of  the  fingers  is  provided  with 
a  double  row  of  imbricated  scales  divided  by  a  median  line.  The  upper  surface  of 
the  tail  presents  numerous  scattered  tubercles,  the  under  surface  transverse  scuta, 
somewhat  indistinct. 

Coloration. — Upper  part  and  sides  of  head  yellowish.  Upper  part  of  body 
light  chocolate  color,  vcith  numerous  minute  points  of  black  ;  upper  surface  of 
extremities  of  a  lighter  color  than  rest  of  body.  Under  p^rt  of  body  and  extre¬ 
mities  light  straw  color. 

Dimensions — Length  of  head  eight  lines  ;  greatest  breadth  five  lines.  Length 
of  body  one  inch  and  a  half  (Fr.)  ;  of  tail  two  inches. 

Geographical  distribution.— West  coast  of  Africa. 

Remarks. — This  species  differs  from  all  the  species  of  Hemidactylus  described 
by  Dumeril  and  Bibron.  It  is  well  characterized  by  the  angular  plate  at  the 
chin  and  the  disposition  of  the  rows  of  tubercles  upon  the  back. 

Acontias  elegans. 

Specific  Characters. —  No  inferior  eyelid;  two  internasal  plates, 
pentagonal,  articulating  with  the  rostral;  frontal  heptagonal,  broader 

K _ than  long;  an  interparietal  hexagonal,  more  extended  transversely 

rS — M  than  antero-posteriorly ;  an  occipital  plate  larger  than  either  of  the 
others,  hexagonal,  its  supero-external  margin  hollowed  ;  a  parietal 
'plate,  a  fronto-parietal,  one  supra-ocular,  two  posterior-oculars;  a  fre- 
nal,  and  a  freno-orbitar  much  smaller  than  the  frenal. 

Description. — The  head  ot  this  animal  is  small,  depressed,  triangular  in  shape 
above,  rounded  In  front;  the  rostral  plate  encloses  the  extremity  of  the  snout  and 
presents  a  slit  on  each  side  posteriorly,  extending  backward  and  inferiorly  in  a 
curved  direction  to  its  posterior  border;  immediately  above  the  rostral  are  two 
internasal  plates,  pentagonal,  their  inferior  margin  articulating  with  the  posterior 
margin  of  the  rostral ;  the  frontal,  interparietal  and  occipital  form  a  longitudinal 
row  nearly  equal  in  size,  upon  the  middle  and  upper  part  of  the  head.  The  in¬ 
ternasal  articulate  with  each  other  by  their  narrowest  or  internal  margin,  with 
the  frontal,  the  frenal  and  the  first  labial;  the  frontal  with  the  internasal,  the 
interparietal,  the  freno-orbitar  and  the  supra-ocular ;  the  interparietal  with  the 
supra-ocular;  and  the  fronto-parietal  with  the  frontal  anteriorly  and  the  occi¬ 
pital  posteriorly  ;  the  occipital  articulates  in  front  with  the  interparietal,  later¬ 
ally  on  each  side  with  the  parietal  and  the  fronto-parietal ;  the  parietal  are  oblong, 
inequilateral,  longer  from  behind  forward  than  in  the  opposite  direction  ;  the 
fronto-parietal  are  hexagonal,  larger  than  the  parietal ;  the  supra-ocular  are  also 
hexagonal ;  the  frenal  plate  is  quadrangular  articulating  with  the  internasal,  the 
frontal,  the  supra-ocular,  the  freno-orbitar  and  the  first  labial.  The  eyes  are 
distinct  but  without  an  eyelid.  They  are  situated  in  an  interspace  formed  by  five 
scales,  and  covered  by  a  scale  a  very  little  larger  than  the  eye;  the  inferior  of 
the  five  is  the  second  supra-labial.  Three  plates  margin  the  upper  jaw  on  each 
side;  there  are  three  upon  the  lower;  the  most  anterior  of  the  upper  row  is 
quite  large,  presenting  an  acute  angle  forward  and  upward.  The  plate  upon  the 
under  jaw,  immediately  behind  the  mental,  is  long  and  narrow  ;  the  nostrils  are 
small,  oval,  nearly  a  line  apart:  immediately  behind  the  mental  is  a  transversely 
elongated  triangular  plate,  the  apex  of  the  triangle  presenting  backward.  Body 
slender,  flattened  below  ;  tail  long,  covered  at  its  extremity  with  minute  trape¬ 
zoidal  scales ;  body  and  tail  covered  with  smooth  imbricated  scales  above  and 
below:  their  posterior  margin  is  convex,  and  they  have  a  striated  appearance, 
each  scale  having  from  two  to  five  whitish  striae;  the  striation  on  the  under  sur¬ 
face  ;  is  quite  remarkable  ;  a  single  scale  in  front  of  the  anus.  There  are  twenty 
longitudinal  rows  of  scales  around  the  body.  Tongue  oval,  covered  with  nu¬ 
merous  small  papillae,  slightly  bifid  at  its  extremity.  Marginal  teeth  very 


(>5 


1852.] 

small ;  no  teeth  in  the  palate,  which  is  also  without  a  longitudinal  groove ;  no 
meatus  auditorius  externus  visible. 

Coloration _ Above  dark  chestnut  color,  the  edges  of  the  scales  bordered  with 

ash  color,  giving  the  whole  a  tesselated  appearance  ;  under  part  of  abdomen  and 
tail  same  color,  but  brighter  ;  chin,  snout,  upper  and  under  jaw  yellow. 

Dimensions.— Length  of  head  4  lines,  greatest  breadth  2  lines.  Length  of 
head  and  body  5  inches  (Fr.)  ;  of  tail  2  inches  4  lines. 

Geographical  distribution. — Liberia,  West  Coast  of  Africa. 

General  Remarks. — This  animal  has  a  general  resemblatice  to  the  Acontias 
meleagris  of  Cuvier,  the  only  species  of  Acontias  hitherto  described,  but  it 
differs  from  it  in  many  important  particulars,  several  of  which  beeome  evident 
even  upon  a  superficial  examination.  Thus  it  is  only  necessary  to  compare  the 
plates  of  the  head  with  the  figure  of  them  given  in  the  fifty-eighth  plate  of  Du- 
meril  and  Bibron,  to  perceive  at  once  that  it  is  not  the  same  animal.  The  A.  me¬ 
leagris  is  also  larger,  measuring  9f  inches  (Fr.)  ;  but  the  tail  is  nearly  an  inch 
shorter,  measuring  1£  inches.  It  differs  also  in  having  an  inferior  eyelid,  which 
elegans  has  not;  and  in  the  form  of  the  eye,  which  in  meleagris  resembles  a 
longitudinal  slit,  but  which  in  elegans  is  circular.  The  longitudinal  fissure  in  the 
posterior  part  of  the  rostral  plate  is  straight  in  meleagris,  in  elegans  it  is 
curved;  meleagris  presents  a  longitudinal  groove  in  the  palate,  elegans  has 
none ;  the  scales  upon  the  body  are  hexagonal  in  meleagris,  in  elegans  they 
are  trapezoidal.  The  number  of  rows  of  scales  differs  in  the  two  animals.  In 
the  one  there  are  but  fourteen,  in  the  other  twenty. 

The  species  of  reptiles  just  described,  with  a  beautiful  specimen  of  Onycho- 
cephalus  Liberiensis,  were  presented  to  the  Academy  by  Dr.  Henry  A.  Ford  of 
Liberia,  the  gentleman  to  whom  we  are  also  indebted  for  the  magnificent  skele¬ 
ton  of  Troglodytes  gorilla,  the  largest  known  Troglodyte. 


The  Committee  on  the  following  paper  by  Dr.  LeConte,  reported  in 
favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings : 

Remarks  on  some  Coleopterozis  insects  collected  by  S.  W.  Woodhouse ,  M.  _D.,  in 
Missouri  Territory  and  New  Mexico. 

By  John  L.  LeConte,  M.  D. 

The  collection  of  insects  made  by  Dr.  Woodhouse,  to  whom  science  is  so 
much  indebted  for  extensive  researches  on  the  natural  history  of  the  regions 
west  of  the  Mississippi,  consists  chiefly  of  species  from  the  boundary  of  the 
tract  of  land  which  the  liberal  policy  of  our  Government  has  set  apart  for  the 
Creek  Indians,  and  were  procured  while  he  was  attached  to  a  surveying  party 
under  Capt.  Sitgreaves,  of  the  Topog*  Corps.  The  bulk  of  the  collection  made 
in  Texas  and  in  New  Mexico,  has  unfortunately  been  lost  in  the  acccidents  to 
which  the  traveller  is  so  frequently  subjected  in  those  wild  and  dangerous 
regions.  The  few,  however,  that  remain,  are  of  such  interest  as  to  cause  us 
doubly  to  regret  the  destruction  of  the  rest,  and  fervently  to  hope  that  the  in¬ 
dustry  of  future  travellers  may  soon  repair  these  unavoidable  losses. 

1.  Cicindela  cuprascens  subelongata,  subcylindrica,  capite  thoraceque 
fusco-aeneis,  hoclateribus  leviter  rotundatis  tenuiter  albo-pubescente,  impression- 
ibus  transversis  profundis,  linea  longitudinali  tenui,  elytris  thorace  sesqui  latiori- 
bus  dense  punctatis  cupreis,  macula  basali,  margine  toto  laterali,  striga  obliqua 
subhumerali,  apice  hamata,  faspia  media  elongata  valde  refracta  intus  dentata, 
lunulaque  apicali  ochroleucis  dilatatis,  apice  oblique  sinuatis  acutis,  serrulatis  ; 
trochanteribus  posticis  testaceis  ;  labro  albo,  transverso,  edentato.  Long.  *4 — *53. 

Cicindela  blanda  var.  /2.  Lee.  Ann.  Lyc.  4,  180. 

I  found  several  specimens  of  this  elegant  species  on  the  Arkansas  river,  and 
have  heretofore  considered  it  as  a  variety  of  C.  blanda  Dej.  After  further  ex- 


66 


[April, 


amination  I  am  convinced  that  it  must  be  considered  as  distinct.  It  is  closely 
allied  to  C.  blanda,  but  is  less  elongated  in  its  form,  and  the  elytra,  although 
cylindrical,  are  not  so  convex.  The  labrum  is  short,  and,  as  in  C.  blanda,  the 
teeth  of  the  anterior  edge  are  obsolete  ;  the  palpi  are  pale,  with  the  tips  brassy 
green.  The  thorax  is  very  finely,  not  densely  wrinkled  ;  the  sides  are  more 
rounded  than  in  C.  blanda,  although  as  in  that  species,  they  are  less  convex  in 
the  female.  The  elytra  are  of  a  brilliant  copper-color,  more  coarsely  and  dense¬ 
ly  punctured  than  in  C.  blanda.  The  markings  are  as  in  C.  blanda,  but  very 
broad,  and  the  upper  part  of  the  medial  fascia  is  less  tortuous.  The  elytra  of 
the  female  is  strongly  excised  on  the  outer  edge  near  the  tip,  precisely 
as  in  C.  blanda.  The  body  beneath  is  greenish  bronze,  covered  with  fine  dense 
white  hair  ;  the  posterior  trochanters  are  testaceous. 

The  insect  that  I  have  considered  as  C.  blanda  var,  y  must  also  be  separated 
as  a  distinct  species  under  the  name. 

C.  t  a  r  s  a  1  i  s ,  elongata,  vix  cylindrica,  fusco-picea  opaca,  thovace  lateribus 
rotundatis,  utrinque  leviter  constricto,  breviter  albo  pubescente,  elytris  ochreis, 
sutura  antice  lineolisque  obliquis  fuscis,  apice  oblique  attenuatis  serrulatis ; 
labro  transverso,  edentato  ;  tibiis  testaceis  trochantibus  posticis  flavis,  tarsis  pos- 
ticis  longissimis.  Long.  *48. 

One  male,  Canootche  river,  Georgia.  The  diagnosis  enables  this  species  to 
be  distinguished  from  the  preceding  and  from  C.  blanda.  The  color  is  dull, 
without  any  metallic  gloss.  The  elytra  are  less  cylindrical  and  less  convex,  and 
the  markings  are  so  broad  that  the  interstices  between  them  are  reduced  to  nar¬ 
row  fuscous  lines  ;  the  punctures  of  the  dark  parts  of  the  elytra  are  large  and 
dense,  but  not  deep.  The  tibiae  are  pale,  with  the  tip  darker ;  the  posterior  tarsi 
are  more  than  one-fourth  longer  than  in  C.  blanda.  The  body  beneath  is  black, 
covered  with  short,  dense  white  hair. 

2.  Cicindela  cumatil  is  Lee.  Ann.  Lyc.  5,  173. 

A  variety  of  this  beautiful  species  was  found  with  the  spots  much  larger  than 
in  the  type,  so  that  the  medial  band  attains  the  margin,  and  is  only  interrupted 
on  the  disc  :  the  spot  anterior  to  the  apical  lunule  is  also  enlarged,  and  there  is 
a  very  minute  white  humeral  dot. 

‘3.  C  i  cin  d  e  1  a  n.  sp. 

A  very  small  species,  probably  allied  to  C.  germanica,  indicated  only  by  a 
single  elytron.  The  markings  are  so  different  from  any  other  species  within 
our  territory,  that  a  description  of  even  this  fragment  will  enable  the  species  to 
be  easily  recognized. 

The  color  is  brownish  black,  without  metallic  lustre  ;  the  surface  is  sericeous 
with  fine  granulations  ;  the  punctures  are  distant,  large  and  deep  ;  the  humeral 
lunule  is  very  narrow  ;  the  oblique  posterior  part  is  curved  ;  the  margin  is 
white,  interrupted  only  at  the  apical  lunule  ;  the  anterior  band  perpendicular, 
and  united  to  the  margin  externally,  descending  slightly  at  its  inner  part,  and 
terminating  in  a  small  spot  near  the  suture  ;  the  margin  along  the  apical  lunule 
is  finely  serrate,  and  obliquely  attenuated  almost  to  the  tip,  which  is  very 
suddenly  rounded,  and  almost  truncate  ;  the  suture  is  armed  with  a  very  mi¬ 
nute  spine. 

4.  Lachnophorus  elegantulus  Man.  Bull.  Mosc.  1843,  p.  43:  ibid 
184G,  p. 7. 

Tachypus  medio  si gnatus  Menetries,  Bull.  Soc.  Petrop.  1843.  This  pretty 
little  insect  seems  to  have  a  very  extensive  distribution.  I  found  it  in  abun¬ 
dance  on  the  banks  of  the  Gila  near  the  Pimas  villages.  Dr.  Woodhouse 
took  it  on  the  Creek  Boundary,  and  Mr.  Pease  brought  a  specimen  from 
Mexico. 

5.  Chlosnius  vafer,  nigro  piceus,  capite  cyaneo,  thorace  cyanescente, 
latitudine  breviore,  antrorsum  angustato  et  lateribus  rotundato,  subtiliter  obso¬ 
lete  punctato,  elytris  thorace  latioribus  dense  punctulatis,  et  pubescentibus, 
striis  fere  ad  apicem  fortiter  punctatis,  antennarum  basi  pedibusque  ferrugineis. 
Long.  *45. 


67 


1852.] 

Creek  Boundar}r.  This  species  is  allied  to  C.  tricolor,  nemoralis,  vicinus,  &c., 
but  the  punctures  on  the  thorax  are  very  small  and  almost  obliterated.  Ihe 
labrum  is  wide,  scarcely  emarginate  ;  the  head  is  bright  blue,  very  finely  punc- 
tulate  and  wrinkled ;  the  thorax  is  blueish,  wider  than  long,  at  the  apex  nar¬ 
rower  than  at  the  base;  very  much  rounded  on  the  sides  anteriorly  ;  the  base 
is  truncate  ;  the  angles  obtuse,  not  rounded ;  the  disc  scarcely  convex,  finely 
and  very  obsoletely  punctured ;  the  basal  impressions  long  and  shallow.  The 
elytra  are  wider  than  the  thorax,  dull  black ;  the  striae  are  deeply  punctured 
nearly  to  the  tip  ;  the  interstices  are  slightly  convex,  and  very  finely  punc¬ 
tured.  The  first  three  joints  of  the  antennae,  the  palpi  and  the  legs  are  ferru¬ 
ginous. 

6.  Euryderus  zabroides  Lee.  An.  Lyc.  4,  152,  tab.  8,  fig.  5. 

The  genus  Eurydera  Lap.  seems  to  be  founded  upon  good  characters,  although 

it  was  for  a  long  time  refused  by  entomologists.  Its  adoption  requires  a  change 
of  name  for  my  genus,  and  in  allusion  to  the  singular  form  of  .the  anterior  tibiae, 
I  give  Nothopus  as  the  new  generic  name. 

7.  Calosoma  externum.  Carabus  externus  Say.  J .  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  3, 
150:  Lee.  An.  Lyc.  4,  445.  Calosoma  longipenne  Dej.  Sp.  Gen.  5,  568.  This 
insect  after  all,  seems  to  be  a  genuine  Calosoma,  by  the  structure  of  the  antennae 
and  palpi.  I  have  seen  specimens  without  wings,  but  extensive  observation  has 
convinced  me  this  is  to  be  considered  as  accidental.  Its  form  is  more  similar 
to  Carabus  than  any  other  species  of  Calosoma. 

8.  Euphoria  m  e  1  a  n  c  h  o  1  i  c  a  Schaum.  An.  Ent.  Soc.  Fr.  2d  ser.  2, 
374.  A  specimen  from  New  Mexico  has  the  thorax  and  elytra  much  less  punc¬ 
tured  than  the  Louisiana  specimens,  but  I  can  find  nothing  worthy  of  being  con¬ 
sidered  as  a  specific  difference. 

9.  Eleodes  sulcata,  nigra,  thorace  parvo,  ovato,  parce  punctulato, 
basi  truncato,  elytris  ovalibus  apice  acutis,dorso  depressis,  postice  valde  declivi- 
bus,  profunde  sulcato-striatis,  sulcis  granulatis,  femoribus  anticis  breviter  ar- 
matis.  Long.  *75 — *97. 

A  fine  species,  abundant  in  every  part  of  Missouri  Territory  and  easily  dis¬ 
tinguished  by  its  sulcate  elytra.  Head  punctured.  Thorax  a  little  wider  than 
long,  rounded  on  the  sides,  narrowed  behind ;  moderately  convex,  sparsely 
punctured,  anterior  angles  prominent  acute,  base  truncate.  Elytra  more 
than  twice  as  wide  as  the  thorax,  elongate  oval,  depressed  on  the  disc, 
deflexed  at  the  apex,  which  is  acute  ;  the  lateral  margin  obtuse ;  striae  broad, 
deep  and  obtuse,  rough  with  elevated  points  ;  interstices  not  wider  than  the 
striae,  convex,  marked  each  with  a  single  series  of  distant  punctures  ;  epipleurae 
less  deeply  striate  than  the  disc.  Anterior  thighs  armed  with  a  short,  sharp 
tooth.  The  female  differs  by  having  the  elytra  broader  and  less  acute  at 
the  tip. 

10.  Myodes  scaber,  ater  confertim  punctatus,  vertice  elevato,  tho¬ 
race  antrorsum  angustato,  utrinque  truncato,  medio  obsolete  carinato,  elytris 
parce  punctatis,  abdomineque  flavis.  Long.  *35. 

A  very  imperfect  specimen  from  the  Creek  boundary,  which  is  distinguished 
from  another  Southern  species  having  a  yellow  abdomen,  by  its  much  larger 
size,  more  punctured  head  and  thorax,  and  immaculate  black  feet.  I  am  in¬ 
clined  to  believe  that  the  color  of  the  abdomen  is  a  sexual  character  as  in  the 
European  M.  subdipterus. 

11.  Acmceodera  variegata,  cupreo-cenea,  pilosa,  thorace  brevi 
confertissime  punctato,  macula  laterali  lutea,  elytris  basi  minus  convexis,  fasciis 
irregularibus  luteis  anterioribus  confluentibus.  Long.  *35. 

The  specimen  of  Dr.  Woodhouse  being  imperfect,  my  description  is  taken  from 
some  collected  by  Mr.  Fendler  near  Santa  Fe. 

Body  coppery-bronzed,  wdth  erect  brown  hair.  Thorax  very  densely  and 
coarsely  punctured,  three  times  as  wide  gs  long,  sides  rounded  anteriorly,  al- 

10 


68 


[April, 


most  parallel  behind ;  margin  behind  the  middle  with  a  yellow  spot.  Elytra 
less  convex  at  the  base  than  in  A.  pulchella,  with  rows  of  large  points,  becom¬ 
ing  striae  behind  the  middle  ;  interstices  with  a  single  series  of  small  distant 
punctures ;  the  ordinary  yellow  bands  are  more  numerous,  and  those  before  the 
middle  are  confluent,  so  only  the  suture,  a  large  humeral  spot  and  a  transverse 
spot  one  fourth  way  from  the  base,  remain  bronzed.  The  two  posterior  fasciae 
are  oblique  ;  the  anterior  one  of  them  includes  a  small  marginal  spot ;  the  tip  is 
yellow.  Beneath  immaculate,  bronzed,  punctured.  Varies  with  the  anterior  spot 
of  the  elytra  large  and  confluent  with  the  suture. 

12.  Dicerca  Woodhousii,  aenea,  nitida,  chalybeo-variegata,  tho- 
race  cribratim  punctato,  brevi,  lateribus  valde  rotundatis,  antrorsum  angustato, 
angulis  posticis  rectis,  elytris  apice  integris,  seriatim  crenatis,  maculis  irregu- 
laribus  opacis  transversis  profunde  impressis.  Long.  *72 — *97. 

I  take  great  pleasure  in  dedicating  this  fine  species,  to  the  enterprising  travel¬ 
ler  to  whom  we  owe  its  discovery. 

Body  coppery-bronze,  varied  with  bluish  reflections,  moderately  stout  and 
convex  ;  head  strongly  punctured,  with  three  faint  confluent  elevated  lines  on 
the  front,  labrum  green  ;  thorax  cribrate,  more  than  twice  as  broad  as  long,  nar¬ 
rowed  in  front,  very  strongly  rounded  on  the  sides,  narrowed  a  little  towards 
the  posterior  angles,  which  are  rectangular  and  sharp.  Elytra  with  rows  of 
large  points,  and  with  numerous  deep  impressed  subconfluent  spaces,  which  are 
opake,  densely  punctured  and  finely  pubescent ;  tip  entire.  Legs  green  bron¬ 
zed,  knees,  tip  of  the  tibiae,  and  tarsi  steel  blue.  Tip  of  the  abdomen  of  the 
male  very  slightly  truncate  ;  of  the  female  rounded. 

13.  Pristilophus  puncticollis,  niger,  nitidus,  thorace  antrorsum 
subangustato,  lateribus  confertim,  disco  minus  dense  punctato,  elytris  crenato- 
striatis,  interstitiis  paulo  convexis,  distinctius  punctulatis.  Long.  *75 — *9 

This  species  is  tolerably  abundant  in  every  part  of  Missouri  Territory.  It  is 
closely  allied  to  P.  m  o  r  i  o  Germ.  Zeitsch.  4,  85,  but  the  elytral  striae  are  not  so 
deep,  and  the  interstices  are  but  very  slightly  convex.  Head  strongly  punctur¬ 
ed.  Thorax  longer  than  wide,  somewhat  narrowed  in  front,  slightly  rounded  on 
the  sides,  which  are  strongly  margined  ;  disc  moderately  punctured,  sides  very 
densely  punctured,  scarcely  impressed  towards  the  anterior  angles,  posterior 
angles  slightly  diverging.  Elytra  as  wide  as  the  thorax,  striae  punctured,  not 
deeply  impressed,  intertices  scarcely  convex,  finely  and  irregularly  punctured. 

14.  Arhopalus  charus,  Lee.  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  2d  ser.  2,  17. 
Among  those  brought  by  Dr.  Woodhouse  is  a  variety,  in  which  the  yellow  tip 
of  the  elytra  is  much  larger,  inclosing  a  black  spot. 


The  Committee  to  which  was  referred  a  paper  by  Prof.  Baird  and 
Mr.  Charles  Girard  on  the  characteristics  of  some  New  Reptiles  in  the 
Museum  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  reported  in  favor  of  publication 
in  the  Proceedings. 

Characteristics  of  some  New  Reptiles  in  the  Museum  of  the  Smithsonian 

Institution. 

By  Spencer  F.  Baird  and  Charles  Girard. 

Full  descriptions  and  figures  of  these  species  will  shortly  appear  in  Capt. 
Stansbury’s  Report  to  Congress  on  the  great  Salt  Lake  (Utah.) 

Siredon  lichenoides,  B. — Body  uniform  blackish  brown,  covered  all  over 
with  licheniform  patches  of  grayish  yellow ;  snout  rounded ;  tail  compressed, 
and  lanceolated ;  toes  broad  and  short.  Caught  by  R.  H.  Kern,  Esq.,  in  a  lake 
at  the  head  of  Santa  Fe  Creek  in  New  Mexico. 


69 


1852.] 

Cnemidophorus  Tigris,  B.  andG. — Scales  on  the  subguttural  fold  small  in  size; 
four  yellowish  indistinct  stripes  along  the  dorsal  region.  From  the  Valley  of 
the  great  Salt  Lake.  Collected  by  Capt.  Stansbury. 

Crotaphytijs  Wislizenii,  B.  and  G. — Head  proportionally  narrow  and  elong¬ 
ated  ;  cephalic  plates  and  scales  on  the  back  very  small ;  yellowish  brown,  spot¬ 
ted  all  over  with  small  patches  of  deeper  brown  or  black.  Caught  near  Santa 
Fe,  by  Dr.  Wislizenius  ;  specimens  of  the  same  species  sent  in  by  Lieut.  Col. 
J.  D.  Graham,  collected  between  San  Antonio  and  El  Paso  del  Norte. 

Uta  (nov.  gen.)  B.  and  G. — Upper  part  of  body  covered  with  small  scales  ;  a 
pectoral  fold  of  the  skin  ;  auditory  apertures  ;  femoral  pores  present,  whilst  anal 
pores  are  wanting. 

Uta  Stansburiana,  B.  and  G. — Tail  slender,  elongated  and  conical,  provided 
with  large  scales  disposed  in  verticils ;  a  subgular  fold  in  advance  of  the  pecto¬ 
ral  one.  From  the  valley  of  the  great  Salt  Lake  ;  brought  home  by  Capt.  Stans¬ 
bury. 

Sceloporus  graciosus,  B.  and  G. — Head  subconical ;  scales  of  the  back 
larger  than  in  any  other  part  of  the  body ;  tail  of  medium  size,  slender  and 
conical.  From  the  valley  of  the  great  Salt  Lake. 

Elgaria  scincicauda,  B.  and  G. — This  is  the  Tropidolepis  scindcaudus  of  Mr. 
Skilton  as  published  in  Silliman’s  Journal  vii.  1849,  202.  The  specimen  there 
described  and  figured  is  immature.  From  full-grown  individuals  we  have 
drawn  the  following  characters  :  Dusky  green  above,  light  ash  colored  below. 
Eleven  transverse  black  bands  on  the  back  interrupted  on  the  dorsal  line,  white 
dotted  on  their  posterior  margin.  There  are  six  or  more  of  these  bands  on  the 
tail.  Thirteen  to  fourteen  rows  of  scales,  all  of  which  well  carinated.  This 
species  inhabits  Oregon  and  California. 

Plestiodon  Skiltonianum,  B.  and  G. — Head  small,  continuous  with  the  body  ; 
tail  stout,  very  long  and  subquadrangular.  Olivaceous  brown,  with  one  broad 
band  of  black  on  each  side.  Inhabit  Oregon  in  company  with  the  preceding. 
Collected  by  Rev.  George  Geary. 

Phrynosoma  platyrhinos,  G. — Snout  truncated,  flattened,  concave  ;  nostrils 
situated  within  the  internal  margin  of  the  superciliary  ridge  ;  occipital  and  tem¬ 
poral  spines  of  middle  size ;  one  row  of  pyramido-horizontal  and  abdomino- 
peripheric  scales,  smaller  than  in  Phr.  Douglassii.  Lower  surface  of  head 
covered  with  small  and  nearly  uniform  scales ;  on  the  sides  and  near  the  neck 
a  series  appears  a  little  more  conspicuous,  slightly  raised  and  acute.  Infra¬ 
marginal  series  of  plates  large,  of  stout  appearance,  sharp  and  acute,  above 
which  two  rows  of  small  plates  are  seen  lining  the  margin  of  the  lower  jaw. 
Scales  of  the  body  of  middle  size.  Femoral  pores  very  conspicuous,  but  more 
apart  than  in  Phr.  Douglassii.  The  lower  surface  of  the  body  is  unicolor. 
From  Great  Salt  Lake  ;  collected  by  Capt.  Stansbury’s  party. 

Phrynosoma  modestum,  G. — Snout  truncated,  flattened,  but  not  concave. 
Nostril  openings  situated  within  the  internal  margin  of  the  superciliary  ridge. 
Occipital  and  temporal  spines  but  little  developed.  No  pyramido-horizontal 
scales  at  the  periphery  of  the  abdomen.  Lower  surface  of  head  covered  with 
minute,  generally  uniform,  scales.  Row  of  inframarginal  plates  resembling 
that  in  Phr.  platyrhinos ,  above  which,  however,  one  single  series  of  smaller 
plates  is  observed,  lining  the  margin  of  the  lower  jaw.  Scales  on  the  belly  pro¬ 
portionally  larger  than  in  any  other  species,  smooth,  subquadrangular  or  trape¬ 
zoidal.  Femoral  pores  conspicuous,  the  series  from  right  and  left  meeting  on 
the  middle  line  of  the  belly  and  forming  a  curve,  the  convexity  of  which  is 
turned  backwards  towards  the  vent ;  the  lower  surface  of  the  body  is  unicolor. 
Brought  from  the  valley  of  the  Rio  Grande  west  of  San  Antonio,  by  Gen. 
Churchill,  and  from  between  San  Antonio  and  El  Paso  del  Norte,  by  Lieut. 
Col.  J.  D.  Graham. 


70 


[April. 


Churchillia  (nov.  gen.)  B.  and  G. — Three  pairs  of  frontal  plates,  one  more 
than  in  Coluber  and  Tropidonotus  ;  a  very  small  loral,  and  several  small  post¬ 
orbitals.  Scales  carinated. 

Churchillia  bellona,  B.  and  G. — Body  yellowish,  with  a  series  of  large  sub- 
hexagonal  patches  of  brown  bordered  with  black,  and  two  or  three  rows  of 
smaller  patches  on  the  sides  ;  a  brownish  black  band  across  the  eyes  from  top  of 
head  to  the  angle  of  the  mouth.  Collected  by  Gen.  Churchill  on  his  march 
along  the  Rio  Grande  in  1846. 

Coluber  mormon,  B.  and  G. — Posterior  frontal  plates  very  large  ;  vertical 
plate  long  and  narrow  on  its  middle  ;  eyes  very  large.  Found  in  the  valley 
of  the  Great  Salt  Lake  by  Capt.  Stansbury. 

Heterodon  nasicum,  B.  and  G. — Numerous  minute  frontal  plates  instead  of 
two  large  pairs  ;  two  brown  stripes  over  the  head  ;  temporal  patches  very  broad. 
Collected  in  Texas  by  Gen.  Churchill. 


The  Committee  to  which  was  referred  a  paper  by  Dr.  Leidy,  entitled 
“On  the  Osteology  of  the  Head  of  the  Hippopotamus  and  a  description 
of  the  osteological  characters  of  a  new  genus  of  Hippopotamidae/'  reported 
in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Journal. 

ELECTION. 

The  following  gentlemen  were  elected  Members  of  the  Academy,  viz. : 

J.  C.  Trautwine,  Esq. ;  J.  Forsyth  Meigs,  M.  D. ;  Jacob  G.  Morris, 
Esq.;  Rev.  Henry  W.  Ducachet;  Frederick  A.  Genth,  M.  D. ;  Elias 
Durand,  Esq.;  J.  M.  Allen,  M.  D.;  James  Aitken  Meigs,  M.  D. ; 
William  Camac,  M.  D.;  Mr.  Henry  J.  Boiler;  Mr.  George  Meager;  all 
of  Philadelphia. 


5 


V 


18r>2.] 


71 


May  kill,  1852. 

Mr.  Ord,  President,  in  the  Chair. 

Letters  were  read  : 

From  Commander  H.  F.  Adams,  U.  S.  N.,  dated  Philadelphia, 
April  20th,  1852,  addressed  to  Dr.  Ruschenberger,  acknowledging  the 
receipt  of  a  copy  of  his  “Notice  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,” 
and  expressing  his  desire  to  further  the  objects  of  the  Institution, 
during  his  connection  with  the  projected  U.  S.  Expedition  to  the  East 
Indies. 

From  Dr.  Wm.  F.  Daniel,  dated  London,  March  12th,  1852,  accom¬ 
panying  the  donation  of  a  copy  of  his  work  on  the  Diseases,  &c.,  of 
Western  Africa. 

Dr.  LeConte  presented  a  communication  intended  for  publication,  en¬ 
titled,  “Synopsis  of  the  Anthicites  of  the  United  States.”  Referred 
to  Dr.  Leidy,  Dr.  Henderson  and  Dr.  Hallowell. 

Dr.  Leidy  called  the  attention  of  members  to  two  crania  of  extinct  species  of 
Ox.  One  is  the  original  specimen  described  by  Dr.  Wistar  in  the  Transactions 
of  the  Am.  Phil.  Soc.,and  afterwards  named  Bos  bombifrons  by  Dr.  Harlan.  The 
second  specimen  was  found  on  the  shore  of  the  Arkansas  river,  and  was  brought 
to  this  city  by  Mr.  Thomas  Kite,  of  Cincinnati.  It  is  remarkable  for  the  very 
large  process  crowning  the  top  of  the  head,  resembling  a  thick  exostosis.  Dr. 
Dekay  has  described  a  fragment  of  the  same  species,*  and  referred  it  to  the  Bos 
Pallasii,  from  which  it  is,  however,  very  distinct.  Dr.  L.  stated  that  this  fossil, 
as  well  as  that  described  as  Bos  bombifrons,  were  remarkable  for  the  possession 
of  large  larmiers  or  lachrymal  depressions,  as  in  the  deer ;  and  if  these  are  pos¬ 
sessed  by  the  Ovibos  moschatus,  the  two  fossils  would  belong  to  the  same  genus 
as  Ovibos  bombifrons  and  O.  cavifrons  ;  but  if  they  are  not  possessed  by  Ovibos, 
as  is  stated  to  be  the  case  by  Desmarest,  the  two  latter  species  would  form  a  new 
genus,  for  which  the  name  Bootherium  is  proposed. 


May  11  th. 

Major  John  LeConte  in  the  Chair. 

Letters  were  read : 

From  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  dated  Washington,  April  14, 
1852,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  the  Proceedings  of  the  Academy, 
Vol.  vi.  No.  1. 

From  Prof.  A.  Retzius,  dated  Stockholm,  Oct.  16,  1851,  accompany¬ 
ing  his  donation  of  works  announced  this  evening. 

From  the  Rev.  Dr.  Ducachet,  dated  May  5,  1852,  acknowledging  the 
receipt  of  his  notice  of  election  as  a  Member. 

Mr.  Langstroth,  referring  to  the  specimens  of  Honey  Ant  presented  by  him 
this  evening,  remarked  that  they  were  obtained  by  his  brother  in  the  vicinity 
of  Matamoras,  Mexico.  He  had  learned  that  a  part  of  the  colony  are  incapable 
of  locomotion,  and  are  used  as  living  repositories  for  the  surplus  honey  of  the 
colony,  which  in  time  of  need  answer  the  purpose  of  the  full  honey-combs  of 
the  bee. 


*  An.  Lyc.  Nat.  Hist.,  Vol.  2,  p.  280,  pi.  vi. 


PROCEED.  ACAD.  NAT.  SCI.  OF  PHILADELPHIA. — VOL.  VI.  NO.  III. 


12 


72 


[May, 


Dr.  Leidy  remarked  that  the  honey  was  contained  within  the  stomach,  which, 
with  the  abdomen,  was  enormously  distended,  assuming  a  globular  condition. 
The  pergamentaceous  segments  are  widely  separated  and  appear  as  black  bands 
upon  the  dorsal  and  ventral  surfaces  of  the  translucent  abdomen.  The  thorax 
and  head  are  about  two  lines  long  ;  the  distended  abdomen  4^  lines  in  diameter. 
All  the  other  viscera  of  the  abdomen  are  completely  obliterated,  and  even  the 
tracheal  vessels  have  entirely  disappeared,  which  is  an  important  physiological 
fact,  as  by  the  supply  of  oxygen  being  cut  off,  none  of  the  koney  is  consumed 
in  the  process  of  respiration.  On  the  outside  of  the  basement  membrane  of 
the  stomach,  is  a  single  layer  of  branching  fibres,  (muscular  ?)  The  striped 
muscular  fibres  connecting  the  abdominal  segments  together,  are  collected  in 
very  thin  bands  with  wide  intervals,  and  are  exceedingly  elongated. 

A  paper  by  Dr.  Wcodhouse  was  presented,  entitled  “  Description  of  a 
new  species  of  Lepus  ”  (L.  larreae,)  and  intended  for  publication  ;  which 
was  referred  to  Dr.  Fisher,  Dr.  Watson  and  Dr.  Zantzinger. 

Also  a  second  paper  by  the  same,  describing  a  new  species  of  Ecto- 
pistes,  (E.  marginella,)  which  was  referred  to  the  same  Committee. 

Mr.  Lea  read  a  paper  entitled  u  Description  of  a  fossil  Saurian  of  the 
New  Red  Sandstone  of  Pennsylvania,  with  some  account  of  the  Forma¬ 
tion  ;”  which  being  intended  for  publication  in  the  Journal,  was 
referred  to  Mr.  Aubrey  H.  Smith,  Mr.  W.  P.  Foulke,  and  Mr.  Yaux. 


May  18  th. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

A  letter  was  read  from  the  Secretary  of  the  Trustees  of  the  New 
York  State  Library,  dated  Albany,  May  12th,  1852,  acknowledging  the 
receipt  of  the  Proceedings,  Vol.  vi.  No.  1. 

Mr.  Lea  read  a  paper  intended  for  publication  in  the  Journal,  u  On 
some  new  Fossil  Molluscs  in  the  Carboniferous  Slates  of  the  Anthracite 
Seams  of  the  Wilkesbarre  Coal  Formation,”  which  was  referred  to  Dr. 
Wilson,  Dr.  D.  D.  Owen  and  Dr.  Leidy. 

Dr.  Owen  read  a  paper  entitled  “Notice  of  a  Mineral  from  Califor¬ 
nia,”  which  being  intended  for  publication  in  the  Proceedings,  was  re¬ 
ferred  to  Dr.  C.  M.  Wetherill,  Mr.  Yaux  and  Dr.  Band. 

Dr.  Bridges  read  some  additions  to  a  paper  lately  presented  by  Mr. 
C.  Girard,  on  the  North  American  Astaci ;  which  were  referred  to  the 
Committee  on  the  former  portion  of  the  paper. 


May  25 th. 

The  President,  Mr.  Ord,  in  the  Chair. 

The  Committee  on  Mr.  Dana’s  continuation  of  his  descriptions  of  the 
Crustacea  of  the  Exploring  Expedition,  reported  in  favor  of  publication 
in  the  Proceedings : 


1852.] 


73 


Conspectus  Crustaceorum,  fyc.  Conspectus  of  the  Crustacea  of  the  Exploring 

Expedition  under  Capt.  Wilkes ,  U.  S.  N..  including  the  Crustacea  Can- 

CROIDEA  CoRYSTOIDEA.  By  JAMES  D.  DANA. 

I.  CRUSTACEA  CANCROIDEA. 

A  synopsis  of  the  genera  of  Cancroidea — the  Cyclometopa  of  Edwards — in¬ 
cluding  their  arrangement  into  families  and  other  groups,  has  been  published  by  the 
writer  in  the  American  Journal  of  Science,  2d  ser.,  vol.  xii,  p.  121.  The  follow¬ 
ing  pages  contain  descriptions  of  the  new  species  in  the  Expedition  collections, 
arranged  in  accordance  with  the  classification  explained  in  that  paper.  The 
distinctive  characters  of  the  genera  will  there  be  found,  both  of  those  of  other 
authors,  as  far  as  accepted,  and  those  here  instituted. 

Fam.  I.  CANCRULE. 

Subfam.  CANCRINA). 

Genus  Cancer,  Leach,  (Platycarcinus,  Edw.') 

Cancer  magister. — Carapax  nudus,  granulatus,  paulo  convexus,  superficie 
paulo  undulatus,  lateraliter  triangulatus  et  acutus,  margine  postero-laterali  fere 
recto,  antero-laterali  10-dentato,  dentibus  paululo  prominentibus,  margine 
dentis  postero  longissimo  et  fere  recto,  subtiliter  crenulato,  dente  ultimo 
triangulato;  fronte  inter-antennali  3-dentato;  articulo  antennarum  externarum 
lmo  apicem  crasse  producto.  Pedes  antici  subaequi,  manu  supra  cristata,  multi- 
dentata,  extus  costatd,  digito  mobili  supra  denticulato.  Pedes  8  postici  valde 
compressi,  tarso  paulo  lato,  articulis  supra  granulatis,  4to  supra  canaliculajo, 
tarso  articuloque  5to  pedis  5ti  infra  bene  ciliatis.  Articulus  maxillipedis  externi 
3tius  oblongus,  apice  externo  oblique  truncatus.  Hah.  portu  “  San  Francisco.” 
Long,  carapacis  41",  lat.  7". 

Cancer  gracilis. — Carapax  nudus,  partim  minute  granulatus,  valde  convexus, 
non  distincte  areolatus,  superficie  non  undulatus,  lateraliter  triangulatus  et 
acutus,  margine  postero-laterali  fere  recto,  antero-laterali  9-dentato,  dentibus 
regularibus,  acutis,  paulo  prominentibus,  dente  lmo  vix  longiore  quam  2dus, 
totis  margine  postero  fere  rectis  et  longis  et  subtiliter  denticulatis,  fronte  inter- 
antennali  3-dentato.  Maxillipedes  externi  pubescentes,  articulo  3tio  apicem 
externum  valde  arcuato  aut  rotundato,  margines  apicalem  et  externum  longe 
ciliato.  Pedes  antici  subaequi,  manu  soibcristata,  crista  1 — 2-dentata,  superficie 
externa  costata.  'Pedes  8  postici  nu'di,  tarso  longo,  tenuissimo,  nudo.  Hab. 
portu  “  San  Francisco.”  Long,  carapacis  13"',  lat.  19'". 

Subfam.  XANTHINJE. 

Genus  Liomera,  Dana. 

Carpilio ,  aspectu,  pedibus  nudis  quoad  margines  obtusis  antennisque  similis. 
Carapax  valde  transversus,  subellipticus,  lateribus  rotundatis,  margine  antero- 
laterali  non  breviore  quam  postero-lateralis,  fronte  brevissime  bilobato.  Ramus 
maxillipedis  primi  internus  non  lobatus,  apice  fere  rectus.  Pedes  usque  ad 
tarsos  nudi.  An  Carpilius  cinctimanus ,  White,  hie  pertinet  ? 

Liomera  lata. — Carapax  nitidus,  valde  transversus,  transversim  bene 
ellipticus,  antice  versus  marginem  anticum  subareolatus,  in  medio  areolis  in- 
conspicuis  ;  fronte  brevi,  perpendicnlariter  deflexo,  superne  viso  fere  recto  et 
super  orbitas  vix  saliente,  leviter  emarginato ;  margine  antero-laterali  crasso  et 
crasse  rotundato,  4-lobato,  lobis  2do  3tio  4toque  validis,  rotundatis,  3tio  majore. 
Pedes  antici  aequi,  mediocres,  manu  laevi,  digitis  brevibus.  Hab.  ad  insulas 
“Feejee.”  Long,  carapacis  7'",  lat.  13F". 

Genus  Actaia,  ( DeHaan )  Dana. 

Actjea  areolata. — A.  hirti^simo  vel  specioso  affinis.  Carapax  latior,  valde 
transversus,  infra  omnino  brevissime  hirsutus,  supra  omnino  areolatus,  sub- 


7-1 


[May, 


tilissime  hirsutus,  pilis  vix  longioribus  quam  granuli,  areola  2M*  subdivisa, 
ejus  parte  extern^  etiam  partim  subdivisa,  3M  tripartita,  IP  tripartita ;  margine 
antero-laterali  longo,  leviter  5-lobato,  postero  laterali  brevi,  valde  concavi. 
Pedes  brevissime  hirsuti ;  antici  subaequi,  granulosi,  manu  carpoque  paulo 
nodosis,  digitis  striatis,  scabris,  brevissime  hirsutis,  bene  triangulato-dentatis. 
Pedes  postici  gfanulosi,  dense  brevissimeque  hirsuti.  Hab.  freto  “  Balabac.” 
Long,  carapacis  5.9"',  lat.  9. S3'". 

Act,ea  cellulosa. — Carapax  antice  posticeque  male  areolatus,  omnino  cellu- 
losus,  nudus,  margine  antero-laterali  imperfecte  3 — 4-lobato  et  cellulis  excavato, 
margine  postero-laterali  perbrevi  et  concavo.  Pedes  antici  subaequi,  manu 
carpoque  superficie  cellulosis,  manu  extus  infraque  subtiliter  villosa,  digitis 
scabris,  etiam  villosis.  Pedes  8  postici  cellulis  excavati,  breves.  Hab.  ad 
insulam  “  Tutuila  ”  Samoensem.  Long,  carapacis  3 lat.  4.3///. 

Genus  Xantiio. 

$ubgenus  Xantho. 

Articulus  antennarum  externarum  lmus  orbitae  fissuram  internam  fere  implens, 
articulum  sequehtem  medio  gerens.  Corpus  bene  transversum,  margo  antero- 
lateralis  ab  angplo  orbitae  incipiens. 

1.  Pedes  8  postici  cristati.  ■ 

Xantho  nitidhs. — Carapax  laevis,  paulo  nitidus,  antice  partim  leviter  areolatus, 
areolis  2M  5L  6L  postice  vix  circumseriptis  ;  fronte  fere  recto,  non  emarginato, 
margine  antero-laterali  leviter  3 — 4-lobato,  lobis  subtriangulatis,  angulo  orbitali 
externo  non  saliente.  Pedes  antici  subaequi,  inermes,  fere  laeves  (subtilissime 
corrugatae,)  tfianu  bene  cristata,  digito  mobili  subcristato  et  deute  basali  magno 
carente.  Pedes  8  postici  bene  cristati,  fere  nudi,  marginibus  integris,  apice 
margineque  inferiore  articuli  5ti  brevissime  hirsuti-villosis,  tarso  supra  infraque 
etiam  villoso.  Hab.  juxta  insulas  “  Yiti  ”  vel  “  Tonga. v  Long,  carapacis 
3.2"',  lat.  5'". 

Xantho  superbus. — Carapax  paulo  convexus,  antice  sed  non  medio  areolatus, 


*  Areolae  carapacis  normales  dentesque  sic  nobis  deominati. 


F.  Regio  Frontalis. — IF,  areola  praefrontalis  ;  2F,  post-frontalis. 

M.  Regio  Mediana. —  1M,  areola  praemediana;  2M,  extra-mediana ;  3M, 
intra-mediana  vel  gastrica ;  4M,  post-mediana. 

P.  Regio  Posterior. — IP,  areola  cardiaca;  2P,  intestinalis. 

L.  Regio  Antero-lateralis. — Areolae  sunt  normales,  1L,2L,  3L,  4L,  5L,  6L. 
R.  Regio  Postero -lateralis . — Areolae  sunt  normales,  lR,  2R,  3R. 

O.  Regio  orbitalis. 

Dentes  normales  antero-laterales  numero  quinque  sunt  et  designati  D,  E,  N, 
T,  S.  Alter  dens  supplemental^  pone  S,  s  denominatus  et  alter  inter  dentes 
D  et  E,  d.  Vide  “  Amer.  Journ.  Sci.”  [2],  vol.  xi,  p.  95. 


1852. [ 


75 


areolis  3M  4M  5L  6L  fere  coalitis  et  postice  vix  circumscriptis,  sulcis  anteriori- 
bus  villosis ;  fronte  paulo  sinuoso,  emarginato ;  margine  antero-laterali  crasse 
4-dentato,  dentibus  duobus  anticis  rotundatis.  Pedes  cristati,  manu  extus 
subseriatim  minute  tuberculata,  supra  valde  cristata  ;  pedibus  posticis  quoad 
margines  dense  hirsutis,  tarso  villoso.  Hab.  ad  insulam  “  Raraka  ”  archipelagi 
Paumotensis.  Long,  carapacis  13'";  lat.  21"'. 

2.  Pedes  8  postici  non  cristati. 

Xantho  dispar. — Carapax  fere  planus,  ellipticus,  latere  rotundatus,  non 
nitidus,  antice  non  bene  areolatus,  prope  marginem  impressus,  margine  antico 
areolarum  1M  2M  paulo  impresso,  lineis  duabus  regionem  antero-lateralem 
intersecantibus ;  fronte  fere  recto,  non  producto,  margine  antero-laterali  cras- 
siusculo,  subacuto,  fere  integro,  levissime  trilobato,  lobo  antico  (DEN  respon- 
dente)  plus  duplo  longiore  quam  2dus  (T)  angulo  post-orbitali  non  saliente. 
Pedes  antici  valde  inaequi,  manu  supra  late,  rotundata,  corrugata  et  partim 
granulosa,  digito  mobili  non  canaliculato,  dente  magno  basali.  Pedes  8  postici 
breves,  subnudi,  articulis  4to  5  toque  supra  granulosis,  5to  tarsoque  minute- 
villosis.  Hab.  portu  “  Rio  Janeiro.”  Long,  carapacis  5I'" ;  lat.  8|'". 

Xantho  minor. — X.  parvulo,  affinis.  Carapax  antice  areolatus,  areolis  leviter 
elevatis,  2M  3M  5L  6L  postice  circumscriptis,  2M  cum  ruga  transversim  divisa ; 
fronte  fere  recto,  leviter  emarginato  ;  margine  antero-laterali  tenui,  4-dentato, 
dentibus  tribus  posticis  subtriangulatis.  Pedes  antici  mediocres,  carpo  manuque 
supra  paulo  granulosis,  manu  extus  leviter  granulato-costata  et  supra  sulcata, 
digito  mobili  cum  dente  magno  basali  non  armato.  ’  Pedes  8  postici  sparsim 
pubescentes.  Hab.  insulam  Madeira  vel  “  Cape  Verds.”  Long,  carapacis  2.1"', 
lat.  3.1"' 

Subgenus  Paraxanthus,  Lucas ,  (D’Orb.  S.  A.  p.  18;) 

Hie  refer  emus  Xantho  sexdecimdentatum ,  Edw.  et  Lucas,  (D’Orb.  S.  Ame¬ 
rica,  tab.  7,  p.  2,)  fronte,  ac  in  Paraxantho ,  horizontaliter  producto,  lateribus 
rotundatis  et  expansis,  abdomine  angusto,  articulo  antennarum  externarum  lmo 
brevi. 

Subgenus  Euxanthus,  Dana. 

Articulus  antennarum  externarum  lmus  orbitae  fissuram  internam  ad  sumraum 
implens,  cavitate  in  ejus  apicis  latere  antico  articulum  proximum  gerente. 
Margo  antero-lateralis  sub  orbita  antice  productus. 

Euxanthus  sculptilis. — Carapax  antice  postieeque  profunde  areolatus,  areola 
2M  bipartita,  ejus  partibus  transversim  subdivisis,  totisque  areolis  plus  minusve 
rugatis  aut  incisis ;  fronte  inter-anterinali  bilobato,  paulo  prominente,  mar<nne 
orbitae  sub  antenna  saliente  ;  margine  antero-laterali  6 — 7-dentato,  dentibus5  sat 
crassis,  pyramidicis,  obtusis.  Pedes  antici  aequi,  carpo  crasse  nodoso,  manu 
supra  tuberculata,  extus  costata,  digito  mobili  supra  denticulato.  Pedes  postici 
mediocres,  articulo  3tio  granuloso,  4to  5toque  supra  rugatis  aut  tuberculosis 
tarso  villoso.  Abdomen  valde  areolatum.  Hab.  archipelago  Yitiensi  (Feejee) 
vel  Tongensi.  Long,  carapacis  lla'",  lat.  17a'". 

Euxanthus  nitidus. — E.  sciilptili  quoad  pedes  anticos  et  posticos  marginem 
carapacis  antero-lateralem  frontemque  similis.  Carapax  omnino  valde  areolatus 
areolis  plerisque  levibus,  interdum  leviter  rugatis,  angulo  orbitae  externo  tenui 
et  non  tuberculifermi  nec  angulato.  Hab.  ibid.  Long,  carapacis  9'" ;  lat.  14"'. 

Subgenus  Xanthodes,  Dano. 

Articulus  antennarum  externarum  lmus  brevis,  processum  frontis  oblongum 
attingens  tantum.  Carapax  saepe  angustior,  saepe  Pilurmio  paulo  similis, 
lateraliter  angulum  ad  dentem  S  habens,  et  non  rotundatus  ac  in  Paraxantho.  ’ 

Xanthodes  granoso-manus. — Carapax  laevis,  prope  margines  anticum  et 
antero-lateralem  granulosus,  antice  parce  areolatus,  areolis  2M  3M  postice 
saepius  vix  circumscriptis,  4L  5L  6L  coalitis  et  postice  non  circumscriptis  ; 
fronte  fere  recto,  emarginato,  margine  antero-laterali  non  tenui,  5-dentatol, 


76 


[May, 

dentibus  sat  isolatis,  vix  acutis,  D  vix  prominente,  E  parvulo  et  granuliformi. 
Pedes  antici  fere  aequi,  manu  supra  rotundata,  supra  infraque  granulosa,  extus 
late  costata,  costis  granulosis,  carpo  granuloso,  digitis  canaliculatis.  Pedes 
postici  fere  nudi,  articulis  4to  5toque  supra  granulosis,  tarso  brevissime  villoso. 
Hah.  ad  insulas  Samoenses  (c<  Navigators  ”)  quoque  credimus  Tahitienses 
(“Society”)  et  Paumotenses.  Lo?ig.  carapacis  41'" ;  lat.  61'". 

Xanthodes  nitidulus. — Carapax  laevis,  nitidus,  antice  partim  areolatus, 
areolis  lM  2M  3M  vix  discretis,  2L  3L  extus  abruptis,  2L  cum4L  5L  6L  saepius 
coalitis  hisque  postice  non  bene  circumscriptis,  3L  circumscripta;  fronte  leviter 
arcuato,  emarginato ;  margine  antero-laterali  4-dentato,  dente  D  obsolete,  denti¬ 
bus  ENTS  subconicis,  subacutis,  nitidis.  Pedes  antici  paulo  inaequi,  inermes, 
laeves,  manu  supra  obtusa,  prope  marginem  supernum  uni-canaliculata ;  carpo 
prope  articulationem  apicalem  paulo  excavato.  Pedes  8  postici  margine  superno 
articulorum  3tii  4ti  5tique  valde  hirsuti,  tarso  hirsuto,  articulo  3tio  supra  non 
denticulato.  Hah.  archipelago  Paumotensi.  Long,  carapacis  5'";  lat.  7§///. 

Xanthodes  notatus.- — Carapax  antice  bene  areolatus,  areolis  planis,  fere 
laevibus  et  subtilissime  erosis,  sulcis  abruptis,  fronte  fere  recto,  emarginato  ; 
margine  antero-laterali  5-dentato,  dente  D  fere  obsoleto,  E  N  tuberculiformibus, 
T  S  acutis  et  spiniformibus.  Pedes  antici  valde  inaequi,  manu  carpoque  pedis 
majoris  minute  tuberculatis,  manu  infra  laevi,  nitida,  manu  carpoque  pedis 
minoris  spinulis  dense  armatis.  Pedes  8  po'stici  hirsuti,  articulo  3tio  supra  den 
ticulato.  Hah.  ad  insulas  Paumotenses  yel  Tahitienses ;  quoque  insulas 
Hawaienses.  Long,  carapacis  feminae  ovigerae  3§r// ;  lat.  51'". 

Genus  Panop^eus,  Edwards . 

PANOPiEus  lasvis. — Carapax  laevis,  vix  nitidus,  non  bene  areolatus,  fronte  fere 
recto,  non  producto,  minute  emarginato,  margine  antero-laterali  tenui, 
4-lobato,  lobis  2do  3tioque  bene  dentiformibus  et  acutis,  margine  eorum  postico 
arcuato,  4to  angustiore.  Pedes  antici  valde  inaequi,  inermes,  supra  rotundati, 
manu  laevi,  extus  paulo  nitida,  digito  mobili  laevi,  dente  magno  basali  carente. 
Pedes  8  postici  tenues,  marginibus  pubescentibus,  articulo  3tio  fere  nudo.  Hah. 
- ?  Long,  carapacis  5a lat.  71". 

G-enus  Medjeus,  Dana. 

Carapax  angustus,  paulo  transversus.  Orbitae  margo  inferior  externusque 
dentibus  tribus  instructus.  .  Frons  sat  brevis.  Margo  carapacis  antero-lateralis 
suh  orbita  productus.  Articulus  antennae  externae  lmus  orbitae  fissuram  fere 
implens  ac  in  subgenere  Xantho.  Abdomen  maris  5-articulatum,  segmento 
ultimo  brevi.  Pedes  antici  crassi. 

MedjEus  ornatus. — Carapax  paulo  transversus,  profunde  areolatus,  areolis 
asperatis  prnecipue  in  parte  anteriore,  nec  2M  nec  3M  subdivisa,  margine  antero- 
laterali  5 — 6-dentato,  dentibus  D  d  E  NT  S  designatis,  scabris,  orbita  4  denti¬ 
bus  circumdata ;  fronte  producto,  latiore,  bene  emarginato,  lobis  margine 
concavis.  Pedes  antici  aspere  tuberculato,  manu  tuberculis  asperatis  fere 
oblongis  et  non  acuminatis  armata,  digitis  asperatis.  Pedes  postici  pubescehtes, 
articulo  3tio  supra  spinuloso.  Hah.  prope  insulam  “  Lahaina  ”  Hawaiensem. 
Long,  carapacis  5.1''';  lat.  1'". 

Subfam  CHLORODIN^h 
Genus  Etisus,  Leach. 

Etisus  deflexuS. — Carapax  leviter  bene  areolatus,  laevis,  fronte  inter-anten¬ 
nal  i  4-lobato,  tenui,  valde  deflexo,  setigero,  margine  antero-laterali  5-dentato, 
dentibus  subacutis,  2do  minore.  Pedes  antici  sat  longi,  manu  carpoque  extus 
supraque  bene  granulosis,  digitis  laevibus  ;  reliqui  angusti,  valde  pilosi.  Abdo¬ 
men  maris  5-articuIatum  eoque  levimani  simile.  Hah.  archipelago  Vitiensi. 
Long,  carapacis  6'"  ;  lat.  9J///. 

Etisus  levimanus,  Randall ,  (Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Philad.  viii.  115,)-ad  in¬ 
sulas  Vitienses  et  Hawaienses  lectus.  Long,  carapacis  19'",  lat.  31"'. 


1852.] 


77 


Subgenus  Etisodes,  Dana. 

Etiso  differt  brachio  parce  exserto,  carapace  angnstiore  et  non  lateraliter  pro¬ 
ducts,  forma  Xantho  simili  et  non  Cancro  uti  in  Etiso. 

Etisodes  frontalis. — Carapax  vix  nitidus,  minus  transversus  ;  antice  areo- 
latus,  postice  planus,  areolis  fere  planis,  areola  2M  simplice ;  fronte  producto, 
horizontali ;  margine  antero-laterali  5-dentato,  dentibus  subtriangulatis,  dente 
posteriore  (S)  minore.  Pedes  antici  inermes,  in anu  supra  non  laevi,  digito 
mobili  supra  fere  3-carinato,  carpo  granuloso,  prope  articulationem  manus  pro- 
minente.  Pedes  8  postici  paulo  pubescentes,  articulo  3tio  inermi.  Dab.  mari 
Suluensi.  Long,  carapacis  3'"  lat.  3V"> 

Etisodes  clelatus.—  Carapax  valde  convexus  et  areolatus,  areolis  tuberculi- 
formibus,  parce  granulosis,  areola  2M  longitudinaliter  subdivisa,  3M  tripartita, 
4M  tripartita,  IP  et  2P  tvalde^  disjunctis  et  bene  circumscriptis,  transversis  ; 
fronte  inter-antennali  4-lobato,  lobis  externis  parvulis,  non  salientibus ;  margine 
antero-laterali  5-dentato,  dentibus  obtusis.  Pedes  antici  sat  crassi,  carpo  tubei- 
culoso,  manu  extus  seriatim  spinulosa  aut  spini-tuberculosa,  digito  supra  spinu- 
loso.  Pedes  reliqui  compressi  obsolete  pubescentes,  marginibusque  valde 
hirsuti.  Abdomen  feminae  7-articulatum.  Dab.  ad  insulam  “  Wakes,5’  maris 
Pacifici.  Long,  carapacis  10'"  ;  lat.  14//. 

Genus  Zozymus,  Leach.  (.Egle,  Be  Haan.) 

Atergati  Acteceque  differt  pedibus  8  posticis  cristatis. 

Zozymus  g^mmula. — Carapax  nudus,  non  granulatus,  nitidus,  antice  bene 
areolatus,  areolis  paulo  monticulosis,  1M  2M  discretis,  2M  subdivisa,  fronte 
fere  recto,  emarginato,  margine  antero-laterali  tenui,  leviter  4-lobato,  lobis  tribus 
posticis  fere  aequis.  Pedes  antici  aequi,  non  carinati,  manu  carpoque  tuberculatis, 
tuberculis  cum  granulis  acervatis  instructis ;  manu  extus  partim  seriatim  granu- 
lata.  Pedes  8  postici  bene  carinati,  carina  articulorum  3tii  4tique  prope  apicem 
profunde  incisa,  tarso  sparsim  hirsuto.  Dab.  mari  Suluensi.  Long,  carapacis 
2*6',/;  lat.  3-9'". 

Zozymus  laevis. — Carapax  latus,  laevis,  paulo  nitidus,  areolis  plerisque  obso¬ 
lete,  2L  et  1M  prominulis,  margine  antero-laterali  dilatato  et  tenui,  obsolete 
2 — 3-lobato,  dente  nullo.  Pedes  antici  aequi,  inermes,  manu  lata,  supra  rotun- 
data,  digito  mobili  valde  uncinato.  Pedes  postici  subcristati,  fere  nudi.  Dab. 
freto  “  Balabac.”  Long,  carapacis  5* V"  ;  lat.  9 

Genus  Carpilodes,  Dana. 

Carapax  latus,  undique  convexus,  nudus,  marginibus  crasse  rotundatis.  Pedes 
nudi,  fere  laeves  et  subcylindrici.  Aliis  Zozymo  similis.  Carpilio  Liomereegue 
habitu  affinis  sed  digitis  cochleariformibus  differt. 

Carpilodes  tristis. — Carapax  latior,  late  subrhombicus,  laevis,  non  nitidus, 
antice  sat  areolatus,  areolis  lM  2M  conjunctis,  2L  3L  conjunctis,  4L  5L  6L 
conjunctis;  fronte  brevi,  fere  recto,  levissime  emarginato;  margine  antero- 
laterali  4-lobato,  lobis  rotundatis  ;  latere  postero-laterali  recto,  convexo.  Pedes 
antici  aequi,  breves  et  parvi,  nudi  et  inermes,  laeves.  Pedes  postici  vix  com¬ 
pressi,  nudi.  Dab.  archipelago  Paumotensi?  Long,  carapacis  6-15'";  lat.  KPS'". 

Genus  Acta:odes,  Dana. 

Carapax  postice  fere  planus,  versus  margines  anticum  antero-lateralemque  cur- 
vatim  declivis.  Digiti  instar  cochlearis  excavati.  Pedes  8  postici  articulo  3tio 
non  cristati.  Typus  Zozymus  tomentosus.  Actaea  differt,  digitis  plus  minusve 
cochleariformibus. 

1.  Carapax  sive  Icevis  sive  vix  granulatus ,  nee  tomentosus . 

Act^odes  areolatus. — Carapax  bene  areolatus,  laevis,  areola  2M  simplice, 
1R  3R  discretis,  IP  vix  circumscripta;  margine  frontali  fere  recto,  emargi¬ 
nato;  margine  antero-laterali  5-dentato,  dente  5to  parce  minore.  Pedes  antici 
aequi,  manu  extus  parce  rugata,  digitis  canaliculatis,  2 — 3-dentatis,  digito  mobili 


78 


[May, 


valde  uncinato.  Pedes  postici  paulo  nudi,  articulis  compressis,  3tio  supra  fere 
acuto.  Hab.  insulam  “Raraka  ”  Paumotensem.  Long,  carapacis  2£/// ;  lat.  3' ". 

Actjeodes  faba. — Carapax  transversim  ellipticus,  valde  convexus,  non  granu¬ 
losus,  antice  bene  areolatus,  regione  postica  simplicissima,  cum  regione  postero- 
laterali  coalita,  areola  2M  fere  bisecta,  areolis  2L  3L  coalitis,  superficie  areo- 
larum  plana;  fronte  inter-antennali  fere  recto,  medio  parce  emarginato,  margine 
antero-laterali  parce  expanso,  5-angulato  aut  obsolete  5-dentato.  Pedes  antici 
mediocres,  carpo  manuque  subtiliter  erosis  et  interdum  areolatis,  digitis  inermi- 
bus.  Pedes  8  sequentes  fere  nudi,  compressi,  articulo  3tio  supra  paulo  carinato, 
articulis  4to  5toque  paulo  granulosis.  Abdomen  maris  5-articulatum,  femince 
7-articulatum,  nudum  praeter  marginem  ciliatum.  Hab.  ad  insulas  “Cape 
Verdes. ”  Long,  carapacis  3\'"  ;  lat.  5"'. 

Act;£Odes  bellus. — Carapax  latior,  antice  bene  arcuatus,  non  nitidus,  laevis, 
antice  et  lateraliter  subtilissime  granulosus,  antice  areolatus,  sulcis  angustis, 
areolis  lM  2M  conjunctis,  4L  5L  6L  regioneque  postero-laterali  totis  con- 
junctis  ;  fronte  fere  recto,  emarginato  ;  margine  antero-laterali  crasso,  4-lobato, 
lobis  3  posticis  dentiformibus,  obtusis.  Pedes  antici  aequi,  manu  supra  rotundata, 
extus  subtiliter  granulosa,  granulis  partim  seriatis,  digitis  canaliculatis,  carpo 
intus  obtuso.  Pedes  8  postici  sat  compressi,  fere  nudi.  Hab.  ad  insulas  Samo- 
enses,  quoque  insulam  “  Wakes.”  Long,  carapacis  3%"'’,  lat.  5%'". 

2.  Carapax  granulatus  aut  tomentosus . 

AcTiEODES  affinis. — A.  tomentoso  areolis  affinis,  areola  cardiaca  fere  bisecta. 
Carapax  paulo  angustior,  minutius  granulosus,  parce  tomentosus.  Margo  antero- 
lateralis  4-dentatus.  Digiti  manus  spinulosi,  spinulis  majoribus  quam  in  tomen- 
toso  et  paucioribus.  Maxillipedes  externi  nudi,  laeves.  Abdomen  sparsim  pubes- 
cens.  Hab.  ad  insulas  Tahitienses.  Long,  carapacis  5h'" ;  lut.  TV".  Granulae 
in  dimidio  utroque  areolae  cardiacae  numero  40;  sed  tomentosi  ferme  12. 

Actteodes  speciosus. — Carapax  paulo  angustior,  undique  granulosus,  fere 
nudus,  pilis  interstitialibus  brevioribus  quam  granuli,  antice  bene  areolatus, 
suleis  perangustrs,  subtiliter  tomentosis,  areolis  planis,  areola  2M  partim  sub¬ 
divisa,  3M  tripartita,  margine  antero-laJ:erali  bene  4-lobato,  postero-laterali  con- 
cavo,  brevi.  Pedes  toti  omnino  granulosi  et  fere  nudi,  marginibus  non  ciliati, 
manu  carpoqde  superficie  irregulariter  areolatis  ;  manu  granulis  seriatis  extus 
ornata,  digitis  perbrevibus,  instar  cochlearis  male  excavatis,  digito  mobili  clauso 
fere  verticali,  articulo  4to  pedum  2di  3tii  4tique  superficie  tripartito..  Hab.  ad 
insulas  Samoenses.  Long,  carapacis  3%'"  ;  lat.  5'". 

AcTiEOUEs  cavipes. — Carapax  latior,  infra  omnino  villosus,  supra  fere  nudus, 
granulosus,  omnino  areolatus,  sulcis  nudis  aut  vix  tomentosis,  areolis  minute 
granulosis,  valde  convexis  et  paulo  irregularibus,  2M  subdivisa,  3M  tripartita, 
margine  antero-laterali  irregulariter  5-dentato.  Pedes  granulosi,  antici  subaequi, 
manu  carpoque  partim  granulosis  et  superficie  cavernosis,  manu  extus  seriato- 
granulosa,  subtiliter  tomentosa,  digitis  male  excavatis,  scabris,  striatis,  partim 
subtiliter  tomentosis ;  postici  paulo  hirsuti,  articulis  4to  5toque  supra  valde 
cristato,  crista  integra,  lunulata,  sublaterali,  hac  crista  et  margine  pedis  superno 
cavitatem  grandem  includentibus.  Hab.  ad  insulas  Vitienses  et  Samoenses.  Long. 
carapacis  5'";  lat.  11'". 

Act^odes  spongiosus. — Carapax  postice  vix  areolatus,  areola  2M  subdivisa, 
superficie,  sulcis  exceptis,  breviter  et  rigide  velulina,  aspectu  spongiosa ;  margine 
antero-laterali  simplicissime  5-dentato,  dentibus  gracilibus,  acutis.  Pedes  bre¬ 
viter  rigideque  pubescentes,  antici  paulo  armati.  Hab.  mari  Suluensi.  Long. 
2¥"  ;  lat.  3¥". 

Genus  Chlorodius,  Leacli. 

Subgenus  Chlorodius. 

Carapax  transversus.  Articulus  antennarum  externarum  lmus  fissuram  orbitae 
fere  implens. 


1852.] 


79 


1.  Carapax  aiitice  posticeque  areolatus ,  areola  2 M  bipartita .  Articulus  pedum 

posticorum  3 tins  superne  spinulosus. 

Chlorodius  monticulosus.—  C.  utigulato  affinis,  areolis  valde  distinctis,  mar¬ 
gin?  antero-laterali  5-dentato,  fronte  inter-antennali  4-lobato,  pedibus  8  posticis 
paulo  pubescentibus  et  supra  spinulosis.  Areola  2M  decomposita,  4L  plus 
minusve  divisa.  Pede3  antici  tuberculis  parvulis  subacutis  armati,  digito  mobili 
inermi.  Segmentum  abdominis  maris  penultimum  parce  oblongum.  Hab.  ad 
insulas  Vitienses,  Tahitienses,  Samoenses,  et  in  freto  “  Balabac.”  Long,  cara- 
pacis  8'" ;  lat.  Mb'".  T.  ungulati  tuberculi  manus  obtusi,  areolaeque  carapacis 
vix  decompositae. 

2.  Carapax antice  areolatus,  postice  planus  aut  imperfecte  divisus ,  areola  2 M  non 

subdivisa.  Pedes  antici  inermes  ;  articulus  pedum  8  posticorum  3 tuts  supra  non 

spinulosus. 

Chlorodius  nudipes. — Carapax  non  nitidus,  antice  bene  areolatus,  postice  fere 
planus,  areola  2M  non  omnino  divisa,  3L  4L  sejunctis,  IP  2P  coalitis  aut 
vix  sejunctis,  fronte  emarginato,  juxta  antennas  saliente,  margine  antero-laterali 
10 — 11-denticulato,  uno  dente  pone  S.  Pedes  toti  nudi;  antici  crassi,  manu  car- 
poque  supra  subtiliter  exesis,  carpo  spina  brevi  intus  armato.  Pedes  8  postici 
sat  breves,  articulo  3tio  dorsum  non  acuto.  Hab.  ad  insulam  “Mangsi,”  freti <c  Ba¬ 
labac.”  Long,  carapacis  ;  lat.  7 Y". 

Chlorodius  sanguineus,  Edwards. — Hab.  ad  insulas  Vitienses,  Paumotenses, 
Hawaienses.  Margo  antero-lateralis  7-dentatus,  dente  uno  pone  S. 

Chlorodius  exaratus,  Edw. — Hab.  mare  Pacifico.  Margo  antero-lateralis 
5 — 6-dentatus,  dente  pone  S  carens.  Hie  pertinet  Chlorodius  Floridanus , 
Gibbes,  (Proc.  Amer.  Assoc,  iii.  175,)  insula  “  Key  West1”  lectus. 

Chlorodius  gracilis — C.  sanguineo  affinis.  Carapax  non  nitidus,  antice 
areolatus,  postice  non  areolatus,  sulcis  non  profundis,  areolis  2R  3R  non  dis¬ 
crete,  margine  antero-laterali  5-dentato,  dentibus  bene  regularibus.  Manus  car- 
pusque  crassi,  laeves,  nec  rugati  nec  exesi.  Pedes  8  postici  compressi,  inermes, 
pubescentes.  Hab.  ad  insulam  c<  Wakes.”  Long,  carapacis  5"' ;  lat.  7 V". 

Chlorodius  nodosus,  D. — Etisus  nodosus,  J.  W.  Randall ,  (Jour.  Acad.  Nat. 
Sci.  Philad.  viii.  111.) — Sanguineo  ferme  affinis;  sed  pedes  8  postici  fere  nudi, 
margine  articuli  3tii  antico  omnino  nudi ;  tarsus  superne  nudus ;  carapax  super- 
ficie  punctatus  ;  et  areola  2M  depressione  V-formi  antice  notata. 

Chlorodius  cavipes. — Carapax  non  nitidus,  latere  rotundatus,  superficie 
antice  areolatus,  areolis  partim  granulosis  et  imbricato-granulosis ;  fronte  fere 
recto,  emarginato,  margine  antero-laterali  crassiusculo,  8 — 9-dentato,  dentibus 
D,  d,  E,  E',  N  (vel  N,  N',)  T,  S,  s,  totis  parvulis,  D  vix  saliente.  Pedes  antici 
imequi,  valde  granulosi  et  corrugati,  manu  infra  breviter  villosa  et  granulosa, 
digito  mobili  canaliculato,  supra  denticulato:  Pedes  8  postici  paulo  asperati, 
articulo  3tio  breviter  pubescente,  4to  bene  bicristato,  cristis  tenuibus  cavitatem 
elongatam  includentibus,  5to  tarsoque  omnino  breviter  hirsuto,  tarso  brevi.  Hab. 

?  Long,  carapacis  1"' ;  lat.  lO^"'. 

3.  Carapax  postice  non  areolatus  antice  vix  areolatus9  fere  planus  aut  paulo  con- 

vextts ,  5 ii  6L  mmquam  circumscriptis . 

Chlorodius  cytherea. — C.  nigro  affinis.  Carapax  fere  laevis,  areolis  media- 
nis  indistinctis,  antero-lateralibus  melioribus,  angulatis,  margine  antero-laterali 
5-dentato,  dentibus  N  T  subacutis,  E  S  minoribus,  T  valde  prominentiore  quam 
S  ideoque  carapacis  latitudine  T  majore  quam  latitudo  S.  Pedes  antici  ac  in 
C.  nigro,  digitis  nigris,  fere  contiguis.  Pedes  8  postici  inermes,  margine  pu¬ 
bescentes.  Hab.  ad  insulas  Paumotenses,  Tahitienses  et  Hawaienses.  Long. 
carapacis  3p";  lat.  51"'.  C.  nigro  differt,  dente  S  multo  minus  prominentiore 
quam  dens  T  ;  dente  E  distincto,  dentibus  quinque  conspicuis  ;  areolis  1L  3L  4L 
plus  angulatis  et  non  laevibus,  nec  cum  dentibus  bene  continuatis  ac  in  nigro. 

An.  C.  hirtipes ,  Adams  et  White,  (Crust.  Samarang  p.  40,  tab.  11,  f.4,)  C .  nigro 
differt. 


13 


80 


[May, 


Chlorodius  nebulosus. — C.nigro  affinis.  Carapax  laevis,  antice  obsolete  areo¬ 
latus,  fronte  parce  emarginato,  regione  antero-laterali  4-dentato  (D,  N,  T,  S,) 
dentibus  tribus  posticis  acute  spiniformibus.  Pedes  antici  subaequi,  sat  breves, 
brachio  paululum  saliente,  carpo  subtiliter  granulato,  intus  acuto  aut  subacuto, 
manu  compressa,  laevi,  digitis  paulo  canaliculatis.  Pedes  postici  mediocres, 
paulo  pubescentes.  Hab.  mari  Suluensi.  Long,  carapacis  2*2/// ;  lat.'W". 

Chlorodiu§  Lssvissnius. — C .  nigro  affinis.  Carapax  perlaevis,  nec  ad  medium 
nec  versus  latera  areolatus,  margine  antero-laterali  4 — 5-dentato,  dentibus  N  et 
T  paulo  remotis,  E  saepe  obsoleto,  S  minore,  T  et  S  obtusis,  carapacis  latitudine 
T  majore  quam  latitudo  S.  Pedes  antici  longi,  pervalidi,  laeves,  digitis  multo 
hiantibus.  Pedes  8  postici  paulo  pubescentes.  Hab.  ad  insulas  Hawaienses. 

Subgenus  Pilodius,  Dana . 

Pilumno  aspectu  fere  similis ;  pedibus  antennisque  Clilorodio  affinis.'  Arti- 
culus  antennarum  externarum  lmus  brevior,  processum  frontis  oblongum  attin- 
gens  ac  in  Xanthode.  Articulus  maxillipedis  externi  3tius  paulo  transversus, 
subrectangulatus.  Chlorodius  pihimnoides,  White,  hie  pertinet. 

Pilodius  pubescens. — P.  pilumhoidi  similis.  Carapax  breviter  pubescens, 
antice  leviter  areolatus,  margine  antero-laterali  simplicississime  5-dentato,  den¬ 
tibus  tenuibus,  acutis.  Pedes  antici  validi,  minute  tuberculati  et  pubescentes, 
digitis  subspinulosis,  brachio  antice  dentigero.  Pedes  8  postici  pilosi,  articulo 
3tio  supra  spinulosp.  Hab.  freto  Balabac.  Long,  carapacis  3f///;  lat.  5¥". 

Pilodius  nitidus. — Carapax  bene  nitidus,  antice  optime  areolatus,  areolis  pie- 
risque  superficie  planis,  1R  2R  sulco  discretis,  areola  lR  2  3ve  tuberculis  antice 
ornata;  margine  antero-laterali  bene  5-dentato,  dentibus  duobus  posticis  acutis. 
Pedes  antici  spinis  valde  armati,  digito  mobili  prope  basin  interdum  spinuloso, 
carpo  duabus  spinis  tenuibus  acutis  intus  armato.  Pedes  8  postici  pubescentes, 
articulo  3tio  supra  armato.  Hab.  ad  insulam  “  Tutuila  ”  Samoensem.  Long,  cara¬ 
pacis  3  \m\  lat.  6"'. 

Pilodius  pugil. — P.  nitido  affinis.  Carapax  paulo  nitidus,  antice  areolatus, 
postice  fere  planus,  areolis  5L  6L  discretis,  1L  2L  3L  subconicis,  lR  2R  paulo 
discretis ;  margine  antero-laterali  4-dentato,  dente  E  fere  obsoleto,  dentibus  tri¬ 
bus  posticis  valde  acutis.  Pedes  antici  validi,  manu  carpoque  bene  tuberculatis, 
tuberculis  plerumque  conicis,  manus  minoris  spiniformibus,  angulo  carpi  interno 
duabus  spinis  tenuibus  acutis  armato,  brachio  apicem  anticum  spinoso.  Pedes 
postici  pilosi,  articulo  3tio  supra  armato.  Hab.  ad  insulas  Samoenses  ;  quoque 
in  freto  “  Balabac  Long,  carapacis  2¥" ;  lat.  4'".  Anvar,  vitidi. 

Pilodius  scabriculus. — Carapax  fronte  latus,  antice  leviter  areolatus,  paulo 
scabriculus,  areolis  1L  3L  4L  subacutis  et  scabriculis,  margine  antero-laterali 
fere  longitudinali,  4-dentato  (dente  E  fere  obsoleto),  dentibus  tribus  (N  T  S) 
acutis,  spiniformibus.  Pedes  antici  fere  aequi,  manu  carpoque  subtilissime  tuber¬ 
culatis,  tuberculis  partim  seriatis,  digitis  canaliculatis,  paulo  scabriculis,  articulo 
3tio  antice  denticulato.  Pedes  postici  sparsim  pubescentes,  articulo  3tio  supra 
minute  spinuloso,  tarso  longo.  Hab.  in  freto  “  Balabac  quoque  insula  “  Ra- 
raka”  Paumotensi.  Long,  carapacis  1*7'",  et  lat.  2-6/// ;  alterius  long .  2§///,  et 
lat.  4"'. 

Subgenus  Cyclodtus,  Dana. 

Chlorodio  affinis,  carapace  angustiore,  suborbiculato,  articulo  maxillipedis  ex¬ 
terni  3tio  subtriangulato,  paulo  transverso,  latere  interno  brevissimo.  Articulus 
antennarum  externarum  lmus  orbita  fissuram  fere  implens,  ac  in  Chlorodio , 
Pilodio  dissimilis. 

Cyclodius  ornatus. — Carapax  nudus,  parce  nitidus,  antice  postieeque  valde 
areolatus,  areolis  saepe  compositis,  2M  subdivisa  3M  tripartita;  margine  antero- 
laterali  5-dentato,  dentibus  tumidis,  apiculatis,  dente  E  minore,  rotundato,  D  ob- 
tuso.  Pedes  spinulis  armati,  8  posticis  parce  pubescentibus,  manu  seriatim 
spinulosa,  digitis  spinulosis.  Hab.  mari  Suluensi.  Long,  carapacis  3i'";  lat  4\'". 

CyclOdius  gracilis. — C.  ornato  aspectu  areolisque  similis.  Parce  latior,  den¬ 
tibus  antero-lateralibus  tribus  posticis  tenuioribus  et  bene  acutis,  areolis  vix 


1852.] 


81 


compositis,  2M  subdivisa,  3M  vix  tripartita.  Pedes  armati,  8  postieis  paulo 
pubescentibus,  manu  seriatim  spinulosa,  digitis  spinulosis.  Hab.  ad  insulas 
Samoenses.  Long,  carapacis  3"' ;  lat.  4'". 

Subfam.  POLYDECTINiE. 

Genus  Polydectus,  Edwards. 

Polydectus  villosus. — Carapax  pedesque  densissime  villosi,  pilis  plumiformi- 
bus,  fronte  margineque  antero-laterali  integris.  Digitus  mobilis  paris  antici 
duabus  spinis  elongatis  remotis  armatus,  et  alter  spinis  tribus.  Antennae  exter- 
nae  fronte  vix  longiores,  flagello  10-articulato.  Hab.  ad  insulam  “  Raraka  ” 
Paumotensem.  Long,  carapacis  4"'. 

Fam.  ERIPHIDiE. 

Subfam.  OZIN^E. 

Genus  Galene,  De  Haan . 

Galene  hawaiensis. — G.  natalensi  ferme  affinis.  Pedes  8  postici  sat  graciles, 
articulo  3tio  supra  paulo  pubescente,  sequentibus  pubescentibus.  Margo  antero- 
laterali  4-dentato,  dentibus  2  anticis  obtusis,  anteriore  marginem  paulo  excavato. 
Hab.  ad  insulas  Hawaienses.  Long,  carapacis  7F";  led.  10$'".  An.  varietas 
nutalensis ,  Krauss  (Crust.  Siidaf.  p.  31,  tab.  1,  f.  4.) 

Genus  Pseudozius,  Dana. 

Carapax  plus  minusve  transversus,  margine  antero-laterali  breviore  quam  pos- 
tero-lateralis.  Articulus  antennarum  externarum  lmus  angustus  et  brevis,  frontem 
non  attingens  (eoque  Menippi  affinis.)  Area  praelabialis  linea  elevata  utrinque 
bene  divisa  (eoque  Ozio  affinis.)  Digiti  acuminati. 

Pseudozius  planus. — Carapax  latus,  lasvis,  fere  planus,  non  areolatus,  anfice 
prope  marginem  leviter  impressus :  fronte  fere  recto,  paulo  emarginato,  margine 
antero-laterali  paulo  acuto,  fere  integro,  levissime  4-lobato,  margine  postero- 
laterali  paulo  recto.  Pedes  antici  paulo  inaequi,  laeves  et  nudi,  caipo  non  rugato, 
manu  supra  rotundata,  digitis  sat  longis,  non  canaliculatis,  digito  mobili  prope 
basin  armato  cum  dente  crasso  obliquo.  Pedes  postici  fere  nudi,  tarso  hirsuto. 
Hab.  ad  insulas  Paumotenses  ;  quoque  ad  insulam  Wakes.”  Long,  carapacis 
5-5'";  lat.  9'". 

Pseudozius  inornatus. — P.  piano  carapace  affinis.  Carapax  paulo  latior, 
prope  marginem  anticum  abruptius  impressus,  margine  antero-laterali  distinctius 
4-lobato.  Pedes  antici  inaequi,  carpo  leviter  rugato.  Pedes  postici  latiores,  arti¬ 
culo  penultimo  supra  sparsim  hirsuto,  tarso  hirsuto.  Hab.  ad  insulas  Hawaien¬ 
ses.  Long,  carapacis  feminae  ovigerae  6t'";  lat.  lip". 

Pseudozius  dispar. — Carapax  angustus,  laevis,  paulo  nitidus,  omnino  usque  ad 
frontem  nec  areolatus  nec  inaequalis,  fronte  fere  recto,  leviter  emarginato  ; 
margine  antero-laterali  levissime  3-dentato,  dentibus  non  salientibus.  Pedes  an¬ 
tici  inaequi,  major  crassus,  laevis,  nudus,  manu  supra  rotundata,  manu  minore 
minute  tuberculata,  tuberculis  partim  paulo  seriatis.  Pedes  postici  fere  nudi, 
paucis  pilis  sparsis.  Hab.  in  mari  Suluensi.  Long,  carapacis  feminae  ; 
lat.  4"'. 

Genus  Pilumnus,  Leach. 

Pilumnus  globosus. — Carapax  valde  convexus,  subglobosus ;  parce  trans¬ 
versus,  non  areolatus,  vix  granulosus,  breviter  pubescens,  fronte  emarginato, 
margine  antero-laterali  fere  integro,  dentibus  minutis  tribus  vel  quatuor  granuli- 
formibus,  isolatis.  Pedes  antici  crassi,  inaequi,  omnino  hirsuti  et  minute  tuber- 
culati,  tuberculis  nullis  seriatis.  Pedes  8  postici  omnino  hirsuti.  Hab.  ad 
insulam  ct  Tahiti ;  ”  quoque  insulas  “  Waterland  ”  et  “  Raraka.”  Long,  cara¬ 
pacis  5h"'i  lat.  6%'".’ 

Pilumnus  levimanus. — Carapax  convexiusculus,  non  areolatus,  antice  vix 
laevis,  fronte  emarginato ;  margine  antero-laterali  3-dentato  angulo  orbitae  ex 


82 


[May, 


terno  vix  prominente  excluso,  dentibus  minutis,  non  acutis.  Pedes  antici  valde 
inaequi,  carpo  obsolete  tuberculato,  manu  majore  crassa,  nuda,  laevi,  extus  non 
costata,  minore  hirsuta  et  minute  tuberculata.  Pedes  8  postici  partim  hirsuti. 
Hab.  in  f'reto  Balabac.  Long,  carapacis  maris  3"';  lat.  3-9'". 

Pilumnus  l^evis. — F.  levimano  affinis,  latior.  Carapax  omnino  laevis,  nitidus, 
non  areolatus,  convexiusculus  ;  fronte  emarginato  ;  margine  antero-laterali  3- 
dentato,  dentibus  minutis  spiniformibus,  posteriore  minimo,  angulo  orbitae  exter- 
no  non  prominente.  Pedes  antici  valde  inaequi,  carpo  laevi,  non  obsolete  tuber¬ 
culato,  manu  majore  omnino  laevi,  minore  sparsim  hirsuta,  non  tuberculata. 
Pedes  8  postici  tenues,  paulo  hirsuti.  Hab.  in  freto  “  Balabac.”  Long,  cara¬ 
pacis  feminae  2*1/";  lat.  2*95'". 

Pilumnus  calculosus. — Carapax  convexiusculus,  antice  non  areolatus,  paulo 
inaequalibus  et  pubescens,  fronte  emarginato,  margine  antero-laterali  perbrevi, 
4-dentato,  dente  postico  minimo,  ceteris  crassiusculis ;  margine  orbitali  inferiore 
3-dentato.  Pedes  antici  subaequi,  carpo  tuberculis  paucis  grandibus  elongatis 
nudis  complanatis  armato  et,  inter  hos  tuberculos  hirsuto,  manu  supra  quoque 
armata.  Pedes  8  postici  hirsuti,  articulis  4to  5toque  supra  gibbosis.  Hab.  ad 
insulam  Madeira  (?)  Long,  carapacis  3 \'n \  lat.  4|"'. 

Pilumnus  tenellus. — Carapax  pedesque  toti  snbtilissime  tomentosi.  Carapax 
convexiusculus  non  areolatus,  fere  quadratus,  paulo  transversus ;  fronte  emargi¬ 
nato;  margine  antero-laterali  perbrevi,  3-dentato,  dentibus  minutis  spiniformi¬ 
bus,  posteriore  minimo.  Pedes  antici  non  tuberculati,  8  postici  longi  et  per- 
tenues,  filiformes,  tarso  subtilissime  pubescente.  Hab.  mari  Suluensi.  Long. 
carapacis  2-4'" ;  lat.  3"'. 

Pilumnus  mus. — - P.ursulo  affinis,  carapace  pedibusque  dense  crasseque  lanatis, 
capillis  longis  tubulatis.  Carapax  parce  granulatus.  Frons  fimbria  longa  orna- 
tus.  Margo  antero-lateralis  crasse  tridentatus,  dente  altero  brevi  inter  duos 
anteriores  infra  insito.  Pedes  antici  inaequi,  manu  minute  tuberculata,  tuber¬ 
culis  superficei  externae  seriatis.  Hab.  ad  insulas  Samoenses  vel  Tongenses. 
Long ,  carapacis  lli"';  lat.  16"'. 

Subfam.  ACTUMNINiE.. 

Genus  Actumnus,  Dana . 

Carapax  angustus,  valde  convexus,  fronte  et  lateribus  curvatim  declivis.  Area 
praelabialis  linea  elevata  longitudinali  utrinque  bene  subdivisa.  Articulus  an- 
tennarum  externarum  lmus  processum  frontis  oblongutn  attingens  tantum. 
Digiti  breves,  instar  cochlearis  excavati. 

Actumnus  tomentqsus. — Carapax  angustus,  convexus,  subglobosus,  subtiliter 
tomentosus,  antice  leviter  partim  areolatus,  fronte  emarginato ;  margine  antero- 
laterali  leviter  4-lobato,  margine  postero-laterali  concavo,  laevi.  Pedes  antici 
crassi,  subaequi,  subtilissime  tomentosi,  minute  tuberculati,  digitis  brevibus, 
dentibus  eorum  contiguis  et  non  hiantibus.  Pedes  8  postici  aeque  tomentosi,  pos- 
teriores  paulo  dorsales.  Hab.  ad  insulam  “  Upolu  ”  vel  “  Tahiti.”  Long. 
carapacis  4*1'";  lat.  5*1'". 

Actumnus  obesus. — Carapax  maxime  convexus,  suborbicularis,  antice  leviter 
areolatus,  areolis  planis,  granulosis,  2M  non  subdivisa,  granulis  nudis,  interstitiis 
et  sulcis  subtilissime  velutinis ;  fronte  paululo  producto,  emarginato ;  margine 
antero-laterali  arcuato,  fere  integro,  laevissime  4-lobato,  lobis  minute  denticu- 
latis;  margine  postero-laterali  valde  concavo.  Pedes  antici  crassi,  manu  acie 
supra  instructs,  valde  granulosd,  granulis  vix  seriatis,  superioribus  paulo  elon¬ 
gatis  et  acutis,  digito  mobili  spinuli-granulato,  pollice  perbrevi.  Pedes  8  postici 
valde  compressi,  minute  velutini,  marginibus  hirsutis.  Ilab.  prope  insulam 
“Maui”  Hawaiensem.  Long,  carapacis  6^'";  lat.  8£"'. 

Subfam.  ERIPHIN^l. 

Genus  Eripiiia. 

Erithia  scabricula. — Carapax  partim  scabriculus,  areola  3M  circumscripta, 
2M  1M2F  coalitis,  non  transversim  rugatis,  regione  antero-laterali  non  areolata  ; 


1852.] 


83 


fronte  integro,  subtilissime  denticulato ;  margine  orbitali,  nec  infra  nec  supra 
spinuloso,  (angulo  orbitali  excluso.)  Pedes  antici  omnino  scabriculi,  manu  car- 
poque  pubescentibus,  digito  mobili  cum  dente  basal i  paulo  grandi  armato.  Pedes 
antici  subtenues,  paulo  hirsuti.  Hab.  ad  insulas  Vitienses  et  Tahitienses,  quoque 
in  mari  Suluensi.  Long,  carapacis  maris  6%'" ;  lat.  10'". 

Eriphia  aemata. — Mediocriter  crassa.  Carapax  antice  transversim  paulo 
rugatus,  margine  areolarum  lM  2M  et  5L  per  rugam  granulosam  conspicuis, 
areola  2L  3L  circumscripta,  spinosa;  fronte  paulo  deflexo,  emarginato,  denticu¬ 
lato,  denticulis  parvulis  conicis,  regione  orbitali  interna  1 — 2-spinosa,  ejus  mar¬ 
gine  externo  2 — 3-spinoso,  margine  superno  subtiliter  denticulato;  margine 
antero-laterali  carapacis  subacuto,5-spinoso  (spinis  orbitae  exclusis),  spinis  acutis. 
Pedes  antici  spinulis  valde  armati  et  extus  hirsuti,  manu  majore  extus  seriatim 
spinulosa,  infra  laevi,  digito  ejus  mobili  cum  dente  magno  obliquo  infra  armato. 
Pedes  postici  hirsuti.  Hab.  juxta  portum  “Rio  Negro,”  Patagoniae  Orientalis. 
Long .  carapacis  9i///;  lat.  13I'". 

Genus  Trapezia,  ( Latreille ,)  Dana. 

1.  Later  a  carapacis  inermia. 

Trapezia  speciosa. — Frons  fere  integer,  versus  oculos  et  ad  medium  obsolete 
emarginatus.  Pedes  antici  subaequi,  carpo  supra  obtuso,  articulo  3tio  apicem 
internum  acuto  (rectangulato)  et  marginem  internum  denticulato,  denticulis  sub- 
quadratis,  minutis.  Pedes  8  postici  toti  tenues,  articulis  3tio  et  sequentibus  per- 
angustis,  subcylindricis.  Hab.  ad  insulam  “  Carlshoff”  Paumotensem.  Long. 
2¥".  Carapax  carneus,  lineis  paucis  rubris  latissime  areolatus. 

Trapezia  Bella. — Frons  subinteger,  obsolete  sinuosus,  crenaturis  sex  obso¬ 
lete.  Pedes  antifti  subaequi,  nudi,  carpo  obtuso,  articulo  3tio  apicem  internum 
acuto  (rectangulato),  marginemque  regulariter  serrulato,  denticulatis  triangulatis. 
Pedes  8  postici  graciles,  articulis  3tio  et  sequentibus  subcylindricis.  Hab.  ad 
insulam  “  Carlshoff.”  Long.  ^h'".  Carapax  carneus  rubro  punctulatus.  An 
varietas  speciosce ? 

2.  Later  a  carapacis  dente  armata. 

Trapezia  areolata. — Frons  sinuosus,  angulo  orbitae  inferiore  interno  sub- 
acuto.  Pedes  antici  mediocres,  margine  articuli  3tii  interno  serrato,  dente  api- 
cali  curvato,  carpo  angulum  internum  acuto.  Pedes  8  postici  sat  breves,  sparsim 
pubescentes,  tarso  paulo  breviore  quam  articulus  precedens.  Carapax  colore 
brunneo  late  areolatus.  Hab .  ad  insulam  “Tahiti.”  Long,  carapacis  3J'";  lat. 
4///.  T.  dentata  (M’Leay)  affinis,  an  varietas  alia.  Forsan  varietas  T.  ferru- 
ginece. 

Genus  Tetralia,  Dana. 

Trapezia  affinis.  Frons  subtilissime  denticulatus.  Pedes  antici  breviores, 
brachio  apicem  paulo  exserto,  pollice  valde  deflexo ;  8  postici  extremitate 
breviter  unguiculati.  Maxillipedes  externi  margine  postico  valde  obliqui  et 
non  transversi,  apicibus  internis  articulorum  2dorum  inter  se  paulo  remotis. 
Abdomen  maris  7-articulatum.  Trapezia  differt,  brachio  longe  exserto;  pedibus 
8  posticis  non  unguiculatis ;  maxillipedibus  externis  margine  postico  fere  trans- 
versis  ;  fronte  leviter  6 — 8-lobato,  non  bene  subtilissime  denticulatis.  Trapezia 
glaberrima ,  Herbst,  et  digitalis  Edw.  verae  Tetraliae  sunt. 

1.  Latera  carapacis  inermia. 

Tetralia  nigrifrons. — Frons  subtiliter  denticulatus  parce  sinuosus,  medio 
obsolete  bilobatus.  Pedes  antici  valde  insequi,  carpo  intus  spini-acuto.  Pedes 
8  postici  fere  nudi,  articulo  3tio  paris  postici  latissimo,  sesqui  longiore  quam 
lato,  fere  triplo  latiore  quam  articulus  5tus.  Hab.  ad  insulam  “  Honden  ” 
Paumotensem.  Long.  2 — W".  Carapax  albus  margine  antico  nigro.  Pedes 
fusci. 

2.  Carapacis  latus  spina  armatum. 

Tetralia  armata. — Frons  subtilissime  denticulatus,  non  sinuosus.  Pedes 
antici  inaequi,  manu  extus  prope  basin  pubescente,  carpo  spinis  duabus  intus 


8 1 


[May, 


armato,  articulo  3tio  prope  apicem  internum  4  denticulis  tenuibus  ornato.  Pedes 
postici  mediocres,  articulo  3tio  paulo  angusto.  Hab.  ad  insulam  “  Tongatabu.” 
Long.  2'". 

Genus  Quadrella,  Dana. 

Carapax  sat  convexus,  laevis,  subquadratus,  margine  lateralifere  longitudinalis 
fronte  lato,  horizontali,  regulariter  spinoso,  oculis  ad  angulos  insitis.  Articulus 
antennarum  externarum  lmus-  perbrevis,  secundo  non-  longior,  frontem  non 
attingens,  margine  orbitae  hiatu  carenti  exclusus.  Pedes  longi,  posteriores 
graciles,  tarsis  unguiculatis. 

Quadrella  coronata. — Carapax  laevis,  lateribus  paululum  arcuatis  et  medio 
uni-spinosis,  dentibus  frontis  sex  medianis  paulo  longioribus  externis  perbrevibus, 
dente  infra-orbitali  elongato.  Pedes  antici  elongati,  manu  angusta,  triplo  longiore 
quam  eorporis  dimidium,  inermi,  laevi,  carpo  intus  2-spinoso,  brachio  ad  marginem 
anticum  bene  7-spinoso.  Pedes  postici  graciles,  fere  cylindrici,  articulis  sub- 
tilissime  pubescentibus,  articulo  5to  marginibus  parce  pubescenti,  tarso  infra 
spinuloso.  Hab.  mari  Suluensi.  Long,  carapacis  et  lat.  Long,  manus 

5i"';  digiti  mobilis  2%'",  brachii  31///. 

Fam.  PORTUNIME. 

Subfam.  LUPINE. 

Genus  Lupa,  Leach. 

Lupa  pubescens.— Carapax  valde  convexus,  angustior,  subtiliter  granulatus, 
breviter  hirsutus :  fronte  angusto,  dentibus  quatuor  subaequis,  parvulis,  dente 
praeorbitali  prominentioribus,  emarginatione  mediana  profundiore;  margine 
antero-laterali  9-dentato,  dente  postico  plus  duplo  longiore.  Pedes  antico 
breviores,  non  crassiores,  hirsuti,  brachio  antice  trispinoso,  et  apice  postico  non 
armato,  manu  superne  trispinosa,  costis  valde  prominentibus,  digito  manus 
majoris  mobili  cum  dente  crasso  obliquo  basali  armato.  Hab.  ad  insulam  “Maui” 
Hawaiensem.  Long,  carapacis  13'";  lat.  dentibus  lateralibus  longis  inclusis  20'". 

Genus  Amphitrite,  ( De  Haan )  Dana. 

1.  Dens  lateralis  non  elongatus. 

Amphitrite  speciosa. — Carapax  areolatus,  parce  transversus,  nudus,  granu¬ 
latus,  fronte  inter-antennali  5-dentato,  dente  mediano  minutissimo,  triangulato, 
proximo  non  prominente,  remotiore  prominente,  obtuso  ;  margine  antero-laterali 
paulo  arcuato,  9-dentato,  dentibus  alternatim  paulo  minoribus.  Pedes  antici 
sat  validi,  brachio  postice  2-spinoso,  antice  4 -spinoso,  carpo  2-spinoso,  manu 
breviore  quam  latitudo  carapacis,  2-spinosa  spina  anteriore  brevissima  et  vix 
conspicua.  Areola  carapacis  cardiaca  bipartita  ;  intestinalis  grandis,  tripartita, 
parte  mediana  fere  lineari.  Hab.  ad  insulas  Yitienses.  Long,  carapacis  87// ; 
Vat.  m"'. 

2.  Dens  lateralis  valde  elongatus . 

Amphitrite  longi-spinosa. — Carapax  areolatus,  paulo  transversus,  spina 
laterali  diametro  carapacis  non  duplo  breviore,  paulo  reflexa,  dentibus  antero- 
lateralibus  numero  quinque  (angulo  orbitae  excluso),  minutis,non  contiguis,  inter 
se  subaeque  remotis,  fronte  inter-antennali  4-dentato,  dentibus  medianis  minutis, 
exterioribus  prominenter  triangulatis.  Pedes  antici  mediocres,  manu  superne 
3-spinosa,  carpo  2-spinoso,  brachio  apice  externo  uni-spinoso,  margine  antico 
3-spinoso.  Hab.  ad  insulas  Yitienses.  Long,  carapacis  3//r ;  lat.  spinis  longis 
lateralibus  inclusis  6|/// ;  long,  spinae  longae  lh'"- 

I^TAmphitrtte  vigilans. — Carapax  areolatus,  paulo  transversus,  granulatus, 
spina  laterali  fere  triplo  breviore  quam  latitudo  carapacis,  dentibus  parvulis 
antero-lateralibus  numero  sex  (angulo  orbitae  excluso),  quatuor  posterioribus, 
duobus  anterioribus ;  fronte  4-dentato,  dentibus  duobus  medianis  minutis, 
exterioribus  prominenter  triangulatis.  Pedes  antici  mediocres,  manu  superne 
3-spinosa,  carpo  2-spinoso,  brachio  apice  externo  uni-spinoso,  margine  antico 


1852. J 


85 


4-spinoso.  Hab.  ad  insulas  Vitienses  et  Hawaienses.  Long,  carapacis  7///;  lat. 
spinis  longis  lateralibus  inclusis  14w. 

Genus  Carupa,  Dana. 

Pedes  antici  sequentibus  vix  longiores,  2di  3tii  4th,  ue  longi,  gracillimi,  tarso 
valde  tenui,  5ti  bene  natatorii,  tarso  elliptico.  Articulus  antennarum  externa- 
rum  lmus  cylindricus,  sequenti  similis.  Carapax  transversus. 

Carupa  tenuipes. — Carapax  transversus,  non  areolatus,  laevis,  granulatus, 
nudus,  fronte  integro,  medium  paululo  emarginato,  margine  antero-laterali 
7-dentato,  dentibus  acutis,  subaequis,  dente  5to  minimo  ;  margine  orbitali  inferiore 
4-lobato.  Pedes  antici  breves,  manu  non  armata,  brachio  antice  3-spinoso, 
spina  mediana  majore.  Pedes  sex  proximi  gracillimi,  nudi,  tijirso  longissimo. 
Pedes  postici  breviores,  tarso  oblongo,  elliptico,  apice  breviter  uni-spinoso.  Hab. 
in  archipelago  Paumotensi.  Long,  carapacis  2£/// ;  lat.  3 

Genus  Thalamita,  (. Latr .),  DeHaan . 

1.  Frons  subinteger . 

Thalamita  Integra. — Carapax  convexior,  glaber,  nitidus,  regione  mediana 
lineis  elevatis  non  intersecta,  fronte  paulo  arcuato,  lobo  praeorbitali  longo  et 
marginem  recto,  et  paululo  elevato,  margine  antero-laterali  5-dentato,  dentibus 
acutis,  4to  minuto.  Articulus  antennarum  externarum  lmus  praelongus,  crista 
longa  integra.  Pedes  antici  breves,  manu  nitida,  omnino  laevi,  extus  non  costata, 
superne  breviter  3-spinosa,  spina  una  in  margine  superno  ad  medium  insita, 
secundh  in  linea  parallels.  externa,  tertia  juxta  basin.  Hab.  ad  insulas  Paumo- 
tenses  et  Hawaienses. 

2.  Frons  multilobatus. 

Thalamita  spinimana. — Carapax  valde  transversus,  regione  mediana  lineis 
elevatis  intersecta,  margine  antero-laterali  aeque  5-dentato,  dentibus  longis, 
acutis,  curvatis,  lobis  frontalibus  prominentibus,  2do  latiore  quam  3tius,  lobo 
praeorbitali  elongato  et  valde  prominente.  Articulus  antennarum  externarum 
lmus  praelongus,  crista  irregulariter  spinulosa.  Pedes  antici  valde  armati,  carpo 
6-spinoso,  manu  7 — 9-spinosa  (margine  superno  4 — 5-spinoso)  costis  duabus 
externis  cum  spinulis  obsoletis  seriatis  instructis.  Hab.  archipelago  Yitiensi. 
Long,  carapacis  19/,/ ;  lat.  27v//. 

Thalamita  crassimana.— Carapax  valde  transversus,  laevis,  nitidus,  regione 
mediana  2  lineis  elevatis  intersecta,  fronte  recto,  lobis  latis,  perbrevibus, 
truncatis,  2do  latiore  quam  3tius,  3tio  rotundato,  lobo  praeorbitali  longo,  paululo 
prominente,  margine  antero-laterali  5-dentato,  dentibus  acutis,  3tio  non  breviore, 
4to  brevissimo.  Articulus  antennarum  externarum  lmus  praelongus,  crista 
irregulariter  divisa.  Pedes  antici  crassi,  manu  paulo  tumida,  superne  5-spinosa, 
(margine  superno  spinis  duabus  medianis  armato  et  apice  nulla),  extus  2-costata, 
superfieie  minute  tuberculata,  carpo  4-spinoso  et  minute  tuberculato,  brachio 
margine  antico  3-spinoso.  Hab.  ad  insulas  Vitienses.  Long,  carapacis  19'"; 
lat.  27///.  Forsan  T.  pryinna^  DeHaan,  (Faun.  Jap.  tab.  i2,  f.  1);  non  T. 
prymna,  Herb-st  et  Edw. 

Genus  Charybdis,  DeHaan. 

Charybdis  orientalis. — Carapax  laevis,  regione  mediana  2 — 3  lineis  elevatis 
intersecta,  fronte  arcuato,  dentibus  valde  obtusis,  3tio  triangulato,  margine 
antero-laterali  6-dentato,  dentibus  acutis,  2do  minimo,  postremo  non  longiore. 
Hab.  ad  insulam  “  Mindanao  ”  Philippensem.  Long,  carapacis  15k"A‘,  lat.  22"'. 

Charybdis  affinis. — C.  crucifer ce  affinis.  Margo  antero-lateralis  6-dpntatus, 
dente  postremo  duplo  longiore,  primo  truncato  et  emarginato.  Carapax 
superfieie  subtiliter  velutinus  ;  frontis  dentes  subtriangulati,  vix  acuti.  Manus 
supra  5-spinosa  extus  3-costata ;  brachium  3-spinosum,  spina  inferiore  dimidio 
breviore.  Hab.  prope  portum  “  Singapore.”  Long,  carapacis  11a"' ;  lat.  denti¬ 
bus  lateralibus  inclusis  173'"- 


86 


j  May. 


Genus  Lissocarcinus,  White. 

Ltssocarcinus  orbicularis. — Carapax  paululo  latiorquam  longus,  levissimus, 
nitidus,  fronte  medio  parce  angulato,  integro,  margine  antero-laterali  tenui,  paulo 
reflexo,  obsolete  5-lobato.  Pedes  antici  perbreves,  manu  superne  bicarinata, 
carinis  integris,  digito  mobili  supra  bene  carinato.  Pedes  8  postici  nudi,  articulo 
3tio  superne  obtuso,  tarso  pedis  postici  anguste  subovato,  apicem  acuto  et  inflexo. 
Hab.  ad  insulas  Vitienses.  Long,  carapacis  5'" ;  lat.  5%"'. 

Fam.  PLATYONYCHIME. 

Genus  Platyonychus,  Latreitte. 

Platyonychus  purpureus, — B.  bipustulato  affinis.  Carapax  paulo  transversus 
(latitudine  quarta  parte  majore) ;  margine  antero-laterali  breviore,  crasse 
5-dentato ;  fronte  4-dentato,  dentibus  acutis,  inter  se  non  aeque  remotis,  medianis 
propioribus.  Pedes  antici  fere  aequi,  carpo  granulis  minutis  reticulato  et  scabri- 
culo,  intus  elongate  acuto,  manu  granulis  asperata, inferne  transversim  pliculata. 
Pedes  postici  marginibus  dense  ciliati,  articulo  3tio  superne  non  denticulato,  tarso 
fere  duplo  longiore  quam  lato.  Abdomen  maris  fere  lineare,  segmento  penultimo 
basin  non  latiore.  Carapax  purpureo  punctatus,  regionis  medianae  parte  poste- 
riore  valde  purpureus  et  sublunatus.  Hab.  juxta  port um  ((  Valparaiso.^ 55  Long. 
carapacis  2"  6'";  lat.  3"  4"'. 


II.  CRUSTACEA  CORYSTOIDEA. 

Synopsis  Generum  Familiarumque  Corystoideorum  in  Amer.  Jour.  Sci.,  Ser. 
2da,  v.  xiii.  p.  119,  auctore  edita,  q.  v. 

Fam.  TFICHOCERIM;. 

Trichqcera  oregonensis. — Carapax  transversus,  convexus,  gibbosus,  granu¬ 
losus,  antice  lateraliterque  bene  arcuatus,  angulo  laterali  vix  instructus,  margine 
lateral!  (postero-laterali  incluso)  13-dentato,  dentibus  regularibus,  brevibus ; 
margine  postero-laterali  recto ;  fronte  inter-antennali  brevi,  recto,  medium  non 
emarginato.  Pedes  antici  crassi,  manu  perbrevi,  alta,  superne  minute  tubercu- 
lata,  extus  laevi  et  obsolete  5-costata.  Pedes  8  postici  pubescentes.  Hab.  freto 
Pugettensi  Americae  occidentalis.  Long,  carapacis  8^'" ;  lat.  11"'. 

Fam.  THIIDiE. 

Genus  Kraussia,  Dana. 

Kraussia  rugulosa,  Platyonychus  rugulosus  Krauss  (Siidaf.  Crust,  p.  26, 
tab.  1,  f.  5)  ad  insulas  Hawaienses  lecta. 

Fam.  CORYSTIDJE. 

Genus  Telmessus,  White. 

Telmessus  serratus,  White,  in  freto  Pugettensi  Americae  occidentalis  lectus. 

Genus  Gomez  A,  Gray. 

Gomeza  serrata. — Carapax  subovatus,  scaber,  breviter  hirsutus,  rostro  apicem 
truncato,  margine  juxta  apicem  utrinque  inciso,  lateribus  acute  5-serratis, 
serratura  4ta  fere  mediana,  quoque  subtilissime  denticulatis.  Pedes  marginibus 
pubescentes.  Hab.  mari  prope  Patagoniam  orientalem.  Long,  carapacis  IF". 


1852.] 


87 


The  Committee  on  the  following  paper  by  Mr.  Charles  Girard,  of 
Washington,  reported  in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings : 

A  Revision  of  the  North  American  Astaci ,  with  observations  on  their  habits  and 
geographical  distribution. 

By  Charles  Girard. 

According  to  recent  investigations,*  the  crawfishes  or  Astaci,  have  been  dis¬ 
tributed  into  several  genera :  thus,  the  genus  Astacus  proper  includes  all  the 
species  of  Europe  and  Asia,  and  two  of  Australia ;  the  genus  Astacoides  is  com¬ 
posed  of  two  species — one  from  Madagascar  and  another  from  Van  Diemen’s 
Land  ;  the  genus  Cheraps  comprehends  three  species  peculiar  to  New  Holland  ; 
the  genus  Engceus  embraces  two  species  confined  to  Van  Diemen’s  Land ;  and 
finally,  the  genus  Cambarus  includes  the  American  species :  one  from  Chili, 
another  from  Cuba,  two  from  Mexico  and  six  from  the  United  States. 

Investigations  of  a  still  more  recent  date,f  the  results  of  which  have  not  yet 
been  given  to  the  scientific  world,  refer  to  the  genus  Astacus  a  species  from  the 
Columbia  river,  thus  giving  again  that  genus  to  North  America. 

At  the  request  of  Dr. Baird,  we  have  examined  critically  the  Astaci  preserved  at 
the  Smithsonian  Institution,  collected  chiefly  by  himself.  Our  researches  have 
made  us  acquainted  with  several  new  species  within  the  limits  of  the  United 
States,  and  which  we  now  characterise  briefly,  deferring  to  another  opportunity 
more  full  descriptions,  accompanied  with  necessary  graphic  illustrations. 

First  group.— Rostrum  subquadrangularly  elongated,  terminated  anteriorly  by 
three  conical  and  acute  spines,  the  two  lateral  smaller  than  the  middle  one, 
which  forms  the  tip.  Extremity  of  the  anterior  pair  of  abdominal  legs  (in  the 
male)  straight  and  acute. 

1.  Cambarus  pellucidus,  Erichs.  Arch.  f.  Naturg.  1846,  i.  95. 

Astacus  pellucid  us ,  Tellk.  in  Mull.  Archiv,  1844,  383. 

Locality. — Mammoth  Cave,  Kentucky,  (Tellkampf,  &c.) 

2.  Cambarus  affinis,  Erichs.  Arch.  f.  Naturg.  1846,  i.  96. 

Astacus  affinis ,  Say,  Journ. Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  i.  1817, 168  and  443. — 
Harl.  Med.  and  Phys.  Res.  1835,  230,  fig.  2. 

A.  Bartonii,  M.  Edw.  Hist.  Nat.  Crust,  ii.  331. 

A.  limosus,  Rafin.  Amer.  Month.  Mag.  ii.  1817,  42. 

Localities. — Schuylkill,  at  Reading  (Baird),  Delaware  (Say  and  Rafinesque). 

3.  Cambarus  oreganus,  Erichs.  Arch.  f.  Naturg.  1846,  i.  375. 

Astacus  oreganus ,  Rand.  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  viii.  1,  1839, 
138,  PI.  vii. 

Locality. — Columbia  River  (Nuttall). 

4.  Cambarus  Pealei,  Girard. — Differs  from  C.  affinis.  in  having  longer  anten¬ 
nae,  and  a  broader  area  between  the  dorsal  lines  of  suture  of  the  carapace.  The 
lateral  spine  of  the  rostrum  are  also  much  less  developed.  The  color  is  green¬ 
ish  brown  above,  with  small  green  dots  on  the  claws,  and  sometimes  on  the 
cephalo-thorax.  A  green  line  or  narrow  band  is  observed  along  the  outer  edge 
of  the  big  claws,  the  tips  of  which,  as  well  as  the  tips  of  the  other  legs,  are 
orange,  preceded  by  a  deep  green,  almost  black  circle  or  ring.  On  each  articu¬ 
lation  of  the  tail  there  is  a  double,  irregular  and  transverse  blood-red  band, 
which  extends  to  the  lateral  appendages  of  the  caudal  rings.  Underneath,  the 
body  is  whitish  and  rusty. 

Locality. — Potomac,  at  Washington  (D.  C.) 


•  Erichson  (W.  F.)  Uebersicht  der  Gattung  Astacus.  —  Wiegm.  Archiv  fur 
Naturgeschichte,  1846,  i.  86. 
f  Proc.  Acad.  Nat  Sc.  Philad.  vi.  1852,  20. 

14 


88 


[JIay, 


5.  Cambarus  rusticus,  Girard. — Rostrum  narrower  than  in  both  C.  affinis 
and  C.  Pealei ,  and  besides,  concave  on  the  sides.  Terminal  point  shorter  than 
in  either  of  the  preceding  species  ;  anterior  pair  of  abdominal  legs  (in  the  male) 
elongated,  slender,  with  their  tip  curved  inwards,  whilst  the  same  tips  are 
straight  in  C.  affinis,  and  twisted  in  C.  jpellucidus .  The  dorsal  area  is  broader 
than  in  C.  Pealei. 

Locality. — The  Ohio,  at  Cincinnati. 

6.  Cambarus  prorinquus,  Girard. — Closely  allied  to  C.  affinis,  from  which 
it  differs,  as  well  as  from  C.  Pealei ,  by  a  proportionally  shorter  rostrum,  and 
from  C.  rusticus  by  a  much  broader  one.  The  area  between  the  dorsal  sutures 
of  the  carapace  is  still  broader  than  in  either  C.  affinis ,  C.  Pealei  or  C.  rusticus. 
There  are  also  differences  in  the  structure  of  the  anterior  pair  of  abdominal  legs 
of  the  male. 

Localities.— Lake  Ontario,  four  miles  from  the  shores,  opposite  to  Oswego, 
found  in  the  stomach  of  Lota  maculosa ;  Garrison  Creek,  Sackett’s  Harbor  ; 
Four-mile  creek,  Oswego  (Baird). 

7.  Cambarus  fossor,  Girard. — Astacus  fossor,  Rafin.  Amer.  Month.  Mag.  ii. 
1817,  42. 

This  species  we  have  not  seen,  but  if  Rafinesque’s  description  is  correct, 
“  rostrum  short,  one  toothed  on  each  side, ’’^there  can  be  no  hesitation  in  referring 
it  to  this  group.  He  further  states  that  its  vulgar  name  is  “  burrowing  lobster,” 
and  that  “  it  burrows  in  meadows  and  mill-dams,  which  it  perforates  and  da¬ 
mages.”  This  would  indicate  habits  similar  to  a  species  of  the  second  group, 
which  we*describe  hereafter,  under  the  name  of  C.  diogenes.  We  cannot  help, 
however,  from  expressing  some  apprehension  that  on  the  examination  of  au¬ 
thentic  specimens  from  the  same  localities  whence  Rafinesque  had  obtained  his, 
the  rostrum  should  be  fouqd  without  lateral  tooth,  in  which  case  the  C.  fossor 
might  not  differ  from  our  C.  diogenes. 

Localities. — Virginia,  Pennsylvania  and  New  York  (Rafinesque.) 

Second  group. — Rostrum  generally  broad,  conical  and  short,  with  margins 
entire  and  toothless,  terminated  anteriorly  by  an  acute  and  comparatively  short 
point.  Anterior  pair  of  abdominal  legs  (in  the  male)  recurved  on  their  extremity, 
the  tip  of  which  is  rounded, 

8.  Cambarus  Bartonii,  Erich.  Arch.  f.  Naturg.  1846,  I,  97. 

Astacus  Bartonii ,  Fabr.  Ent.  Syst.  Suppl.  407. — Latr.  Gen.  Cr.  and  Ins.  v, 
240. — Bose,  Hist.  Nat.  Cr  II,  62,  pi.  II,  fig.  1. — Say,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc. 
Philad.  I,  1817,  167  and  443. — Harl.  Med  and  Phys.  Res.  1835,  230,  fig.  3. — 
Gould,  Rep.  Inv.  Mass.  1841,  330. — De  Kay,  N.  Y.  Fauna  VI,  1844,  22,  pi. 
viii.  fig.  25. 

Astacus  ciliaris ,  Rafin.  Amer.  Month.  Mag.  II,  1817,  42. 

Localities. — Foxburg,  Carlisle  and  Berwick  (Pa.) ;  New  York  (De  Kay) ;  Mas¬ 
sachusetts  (A.  A.  Gould).  Brooks  near  Fishkill,  Newburg,  &c.  (Rafinesque.) 

9.  Cambarus  carolinus,  Erich.  Arch.  f.  Naturg.  1846,  I,  96. 

Astacus  affinis ,  M.  Edw.  Hist.  Nat.  Cr.  II,  332. 

Localities. — Carolina  (Erichson) ;  Anderson,  S.  C. 

10.  Cambarus'  montanus,  Girard. — Antennae  more  elongated  and  more  fili¬ 
form  than  in  C.  Bartonii.  Rostrum  intermediate  in  shape  between  the  latter 
and  C.  carolinus ,  being  proportionally  longer  than  in  C. Bartonii  and  shorter  and 
less  tapering  than  in  C.  carolinus.  Dorsal  sutures  of  the  carapace  more  apart 
than  in  both  of  the  latter  species. 

Localities. —  Within  the  Alleghany  ranges  in  Virginia  and  Maryland :  tributaries 
of  James  river  in  Rockbridge  Co.  (Va.)  ;  Shenandoah  river  in  Clarke  Co.  (Va.), 
and  Cumberland  (Md.)  of  the  hydrographical  basin  of  the  Potomac  ;  Sulphur 
Spring,  Greenbrier  river,  an  affluent  of  Kenhawa  river  (Va.)  of  the  Ohio  basin. 

11.  Cambarus  diooenes,  Girard. — Rostrum  proportionally  the  most  elongated 
and  the  most  conical  amongst  all  the  species  of  this  group.  Dorsal  lines  of 


1852.] 


89 


sutures  of  the  carapace  almost  contiguous.  Body  uniform  yellowish  brown  above 
and  below,  greenish  on  the  sides  and  on  the  claws,  the  tips  of  which  are  red. 

This  species,  like  C . fossor,  burrows  in  the  meadows.  Such  places  we  have 
visited  in  the  neighborhoods  of  the  city  of  Washington,  in  order  to  study  its  pe¬ 
culiar  habits.  The  holes,  as  they  appear  at  the  surface  of  the  ground,  are  nearly 
circular,  from  seven-tenths  of  an  inch  to  one  inch  and  one  inch  and  a  half  in 
diameter.  The  depth  of  the  burrows  varies  according  to  the  locations  ;  this,  we 
generally  found  to  be  from  sixteen  inches  to  two  feet,  and  sometimes  to  three 
feet  and  more.  The  construction  of  the  burrow  itself  is  often  exceedingly 
simple  :  from  the  surface  of  the  grouud  the  excavation  exhibits  a  gradual  slope,  in 
direction  more  or  less  undulating  for  a  distance  from  five  to  ten  inches,  when  it 
becomes  vertical  for  six  or  eight  inches,  and  then  terminates  jn  a  sudden  bottle¬ 
shaped  enlargement  in  which  the  animal  is  found.  The  bottom  of  the  burrow 
having  no  subterraneous  communication,  no  other  issue  except  towards  the  sur¬ 
face;  it  is  entirely  isolated  from  its  neighbors,  and  leaves  no  chance  for  escape 
to  its  inhabitant.  The  same  burrow  may  have  several  external  holes  connected 
with  it,  several  inclined  channels,  which,  however,  meet  at  the  depth  ivhere  it 
becomes  vertical.  We  found  constantly  the  cavity  full  of  water,  but  this  was  in 
March  and  April;  the  bottom,  for  several  inches,  was  filled  with  a  soft  and  pulpy 
mud.  i 

There  are  other  instances  of  burrows  somewhat  more  complex.  Their  di¬ 
rection  may  be  oblique  throughout  their  whole  extent,  and  composed  of  a  series 
of  chambers  or  ovoid  enlargements  succeeding  each  other  at  short  intervals.  Some¬ 
times  also,  and  connected  with  one  of  the  chambers,  a  narrow  and  nearly  vertical 
tubuliform  channel  extends  downwards  to  a  much  greater  depth,  and  appears  to 
us  as  a  retreat  either  during  the  cold  winters  or  else  during  the  dryness  of  the 
summer,  when  water  is  low.  That  it  is  not  for  the  mere  purpose  of  escaping 
pursuit,  we  infer  from  the  fact  that  we  repeatedly  caught  the  animals  in  the 
chambers  above,  where  they  remained  quietly  instead  of  attempting  to  disappear 
into  the  apartments  below. 

We  generally  found  a  single  individual  in  one  burrow,  it  being  either  a  male 
or  a  female,  the  latter  in  March  and  April,  carrying  under  the  tail  a  bundle  of  her 
eggs.  Sometimes,  when  numerous  individuals  are  gathered  on  a  small  space,  it 
may  happen  that  the  windings  of  the  upper  part  of  their  burrows  will  accidentally 
meet  and  have  in  this  case  a  communication  which  was  not  contemplated.  Each 
individual,  however,  remains  in  its  own  apartment;  so  at  least  we  constantly 
found  to  be  the  case. 

To  accomplish  the  act  of  breeding,  males  and  females  must  come  together  at 
one  particular  time.  In  one  of  the  burrows  which  we  examined  we  found  a  male 
and  a  female.  We  are  inclined  to  believe  that  the  male  quits  its  retreat  and 
goes  in  search  of  the  female,  as  one  individual  of  the  former  sex  was  found, 
at  one  time,  walkipg  over  the  surface  of  the  ground. 

In  the  spring,  and  we  are  told  in  the  fall  also,  the  burrowing  crawfish  builds 
over  the  holes  of  its  burrow  a  chimney  of  the  maximum  height  of  one  foot,  but 
most  generally  lower.  This  chimney,  circularly  pyramidal  in  shape,  is  con¬ 
structed  of  lumps  of  mud,  varying  in  size,  irregularly  rolled  up,  and  piled  up, 
one  upon  , each  other,  and  intimately  cemented  together.  Its  exterior  has  a  rough 
and  irregular  appearance  ;  whilst  the  interior  is  smooth  and  as  uniform  as  the 
subterraneous  channel,  having  the  same  diameter  as  the  latter.  The  cementing 
of  the  successive  balls  of  mud  is  easily  accounted  for  when  we  bear  in  mind  that 
the  latter  are  brought  up  in  a  very  soft  state,  and  that  their  drainage  and  subse¬ 
quent  solidification  on  their  exposure  to  the  atmospheric  air  and  rays  of  the  sun, 
is  all  that  is  required  to  unite  these  parts. 

The  animal  works  during  night.  How  the  work  is  performed  has  not  yet  been 
ascertained  by  actual  observations.  As  to  the  question  of  the  manner  in  which 
the  mud  is  modelled  into  rolls  or  balls,  either  the  tail,  or  perhaps  the  big  claws 
might  perform  that  part  of  the  work.  An  observation  made  by  John  D.  God- 
man*  leads  us  to  suppose  that  the  mud  is  brought  up  embraced  between  the  chest 
and  the  large  claws.  On  an  examination  of  these  chimneys  we  detected  the 


*  Rambles  of  a  Naturalist.  Philadelphia,  1833,  pp.  40,  41. 


90 


[May, 


imprints  of  the  second  and  third  pair  of  claws,  which  indicate,  evidently,  that 
the  parcels  of  mud,  once  brought  to  the  surface  in  the  manner  just  stated,  are  ar¬ 
ranged  and  fixed  in  their  definitive  place  by  means  of  these  organs. 

When  the  work  has  thus  been  carried  on  towards  completion,  the  last  touch 
consists  in  shutting  up  the  aperture.  This  is  accomplished  by  means  of  several 
balls  of  mud.  brought  up  from  underneath,  deposited  temporarily  on  the  edge  of 
the  chimney  and  drawn  back  in  close  contiguity,  so  as  to  intercept  all  commu¬ 
nication  with  the  external  world. 

The  number  of  such  chimneys  is  sometimes  very  great  in  orte  particular  lo¬ 
cality,  distributed  without  any  geometrical  regularity,  and  recalling  to  mind  the 
scattered  habitations  or  village  of  a  newly  settled  colony. 

Whether  C.  diogenes  is  to  be  found  in  other  places  besides  the  meadows, 
we  are  not  prepared  to  state  definitively.  We  have  seen  localities  where  the 
holes  could  be  traced  from  the  edge  of  the  rivulets  to  the  middle  of  the 
meadows,  still,  there  being  no  subterraneous  communication  from  one  burrow  to 
the  other,  the  animal,  at  any  rate,  would  have  to  crawl  out  of  the  water  and 
walk  over  land.  Colonies  of  burrowing  crawfish  are  found,  we  are  told,  in  the 
interior  of  lands,  far  away  from  any  rivulets  or  waters,  a  circumstance  which 
would  lead  to  the  supposition  that  these  at  least  pass  their  entire  life  in  such 
localities  instead  of  spending  one  season  in  the  waters  and  another  in  dry  lands. 
For,  one  fact  must  be  very  apparent,  the  existence  of  several  species  of  craw¬ 
fishes  with  burrowing  habits,  even  in  the  hypothesis  of  an  identity  between 
C.  fossor  and  C.  diogenes.  For  we  learn  from  Mr.  T.  R.  Peale,  of  Washington, 
that  chimneys  of  mud,  in  all  points  similar  to  those  just  described,  were  ob¬ 
served  by  him  in  New  Grenada,  along  the  Rio  Magdalena,  several  hundred  miles 
from  the  sea  shore,  and  consequently  indicating  the  presence  there  of  a  species 
of  crawfish  which  we  do  not  hesitate  in  pronouncing  distinct  from  C.  diogenes. 

It  remains  now  to  ascertain  how  many  such  there  are,  and  whether  some  of 
them  are  not  to  be  found  both  in  the  running  waters  of  the  rivulets  and  in  the 
meadows. 

12.  Cambarus  longubus,  Girard.-^Rostrum  of  the  same  proportional  length 
as  in  C.  diogenes,  but  it  is  narrower  and  slightly  concave  on  the  sides.  The 
dorsal  area  between  the  sutures  of  the  carapace  is  very  broad,  a  character  which 
at  once  distinguishes  it  from  the  preceding  species.  From  C.  Bartonii  it  differs 
by  a  much  more  elongated  and  narrower  rostrum. 

Locality. — Uncertain;  labels  having  been  accidentally  lost.  Its  range,  however, 
is  within  the  middle  States  of  the  Union. 

13.  Cambarus  pusillus,  Girard. — Astacus  pusillus,  Rafin.  Amer.  Monthly 
Mag.  II,  1817,  42. 

This  species  comes  nearest  to  C.  montanus,  but  the  antennae  are  still  longer  and 
the  rostrum  more  tapering,  and  terminated  by  a  more  elongated  point.  The 
dorsal  area  between  the  sutures  of  the  carapace  is  likewise  narrower. 

Localities. — Lake  Ontario,  three  miles  from  shore  opposite  Oswego,  taken  in 
the  stomach  of  Lota  maculosa  (Baird). — Brooks  near  Saratoga,  Lake  George, 
Lake  Champlain,  Utica,  Oswego,  (Rafinesque). 

14.  Cambarus  robustus,  Girard. — Differs  from  C.  Bartonii  by  stouter  an¬ 
tennae,  composed  of  shorter  articulations  and  by  proportionally  more  elongated 
and  more  conical  rostrum  and  a  more  acute  terminal  point-  From  C.  pusillus  it 
is  distinguished  by  having  shorter  antennae,  besides  a  difference  in  the  shape  of 
the  rostrum.  The  dorsal  lines  of  suture  of  the  carapace,  on  the  other  hand,  do 
not  approximate  as  much  as  in  C.  diogenes,  although  nearer  than  in  both  C.  Bar¬ 
tonii  and  C.  pusillus.  It  differs  from  C.  longulus  by  a  broader  rostrum  and  a 
narrower  dorsal  area.  The  anterior  pair  of  abdominal  legs  in  the  male,  more¬ 
over,  is  flattened  and  twisted. 

Locality. — Humber  River,  near  Toronto  (Canada). 

15.  Cambarus  Gambelii,  Girard.^Antennae,  about  the  length  of  the  body, 
from  the  tip  of  the  rostrum  to  the  origin  of  the  tail.  Rostrum  proportionally 
long  and  conical  as  in  C.  diogenes  and  C.  longulus ,  but  is  bordered  on  each  side 
with  a  row  of  minute  and  conical  tubercles.  Anterior  claw  very  stout,  bearing 


1852.] 


91 


tufts  of  fine  hairs.  Anterior  pair  of  abdominal  legs,  elongated,  resembling  some¬ 
what  in  shape  those  of  C.  robustus ,  to  which  it  bears  a  close  relationship. 

Locality. — California.  Collected  by  the  lamented  Dr.  William  Gambel,  to 
whose  memory  we  inscribe  the  species.  Specimens  are  deposited  at  the  Academy 
of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia. 

16.  Cambarus  nebrascensis,  Girard. — Rostrum  intermediate,  in  form  be¬ 
tween  that  of  C.  robustus  and  C.  diogenes.  Dorsal  lines  of  suture  of  the  cara¬ 
pace  in  close  contiguity.  Large  claw  nearly  conical,  giving  to  the  species  a  very 
peculiar  aspect. 

Locality. — Fort  Pierre  (Nebraska)  ;  collected  in  1850  by  Thaddeus  Culbertson. 

Third  Group.—  Rostrum  very  much  elongated,  conical,  tapering,  provided  on 
both  sides  and  rather  near  the  extremity  with  a  small  and  acute  spine,  some¬ 
times,  however,  but  very  slightly  developed. 

17.  Cambarus  Blandingii,  Erichs.  Arch.  f.  Naturg.  1846,  I,  98. 

Astacus  Blandingii ,  Hard,.  Faun.  Amer.  &  Trans.  Philos.  Sqc.  Philad.  N.  S. 
Ill,  1830,  464  ;  Med.  &  Phys.  Res.  1835,  229,  fig.  1. 

Localities. — Marshes  and  rivulets  of  Southern  States  (Harlan)  ;  Summerville, 
S.  C.  (Girard). 

18.  Cambarus  Clarkti,  Girard. — Antennae  long  and  slender,  nearly  as  long 
as  the  body  and  tail.  Rostrum  tapering,  but  very  gradually  from  its  base  to 
the  lateral  spines,  though  the  terminal  point  is  more  elongated  than  in  C.  Blan¬ 
dingii.  Anterior  pair  of  abdominal  legs  terminated  by  two  nearly  equal  and 
rounded  tubercles. 

Locality. — Between  San  Antonio  (Texas)  and  El  Paso  del  Norte  ;  collected  by 
John  H.  Clark,  Esq.,  under  Lieut.  Col.  J.  D.  Graham,  late  head  of  Scientific 
Corps  U.  S.  Boundary  Commission. 

19.  Cambarus  acutus,  Girard. — Rostrum  proportionally  shorter  tl^an  in  both 
C.  Blandingii  and  C.  acutissiimis ;  very  broad  at  its  base,  and  tapering  very 
suddenly  towards  its  extremity.  The  lateral  spines  of  the  rostrum  are  scarcely 
to  be  seen  in  this  species  ;  the  tip  is  likewise  very  short  although  very  acute. 
The  structure  of  the  anterior  pair  of  abdominal  legs  in  the  male,  differs  from 
that  of  C.  Blandingii  and  C.  Clarkii ,  by  the  more  slender  shape  of  the  termi¬ 
nating  tubercles.  The  antennae  have  nearly  the  same  proportional  length  as  in 
C.  Clarkii. 

Locality. — From  an  affluent  of  Mobile  river  in  Kemper  Co.,  Miss. ;  specimens 
received  from  D.  C.  Lloyd,  Esq. 

20.  Cambarus  acutissimus,  Girard. — Rostrum  much  more  elongated  than  in 
any  of  the  species  of  the  same  group;  very  much  tapering  and  very  acute,  with 
slight  indications  of  the  lateral  spines  which  are  so  well  developed  in  C.  Blan¬ 
dingii.  The  anterior  abdominal  pair  of  legs  is  terminated  by  a  slender  and  re¬ 
curved  tip. 

Locality. — Found  with  the  preceding  and  sent  by  the  same  gentleman  to  Pro¬ 
fessor  Baird. 


The  Committee  on  Dr.  Leconte's  Synopsis  of  the  Anthicites  of  the 
United  States,  reported  in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings  : 

Synopsis  of  the  Jlnthicites  of  the  United  States. 

By  John  L.  LeConte,  M.  D. 

Although  it  is  but  three  years  since  M.  de  la  Ferte  Senectere  published  his 
very  beautiful  and  elaborate  monograph  of  Anthicus,  yet  the  species  known  to 
inhabit  our  territory  have  almost  doubled  in  number.  Most  of  these  have  been 
published  by  me  already  in  the  Annals  of  the  Lyceum  of  Natural  History  of 
New  York,  and  in  Prof.  Agassiz’s  work  on  the  Physical  Character  of  Lake 
Superior.  The  object  I  had  in  view  in  the  beginning  of  my  study  of  this  group, 


92 


[May, 


was  to  make  known  several  species  of  genera  associated  by  Ferte  with  the 
Anthicites,  such  as  Stereopalpus  and  Eurygenius  ;  but  after  an  attentive  study 
of  these  genera,  I  became  convinced  that  they,  as  well  as  Macratria,*  must  be 
removed  from  this  group  altogether.  The  two  first  must  be  placed  among  the 
Pyrochroites,  a  synopsis  of  which  will  shortly  appear.  Having  also  increased 
this  family  by  one  very  distinct  genus,  I  thought  that  it  would  be  useful  to  bring 
together  the  descriptions  that  are  now  Scattered  in  several  works,  into  the  form 
of  a  synopsis,  so  that  the  species  being  placed  in  a  natural  relation  with  each 
other,  the  characters  of  each  might  become  more  obvious.  It  is  remarkable 
that  of  all  the  indigenous  species,  only  one  (Notoxus  monodon)  should  be  com¬ 
mon  to  both  sides  of  the  continent.  Anthicus  floralis,  found  both  here  and  in 
Europe,  is  most  probably  introduced  in  articles  of  commerce.  Ferte  mentions 
its  occurrence  also  in  California. 

With  regard  to  the  affinities  of  this  group  I  can  say  but  little.  Some  authors 
imagine  that  there  exists  a  relation  between  them  and  the  Scydmseni,  which, 
however,  appears  rather  a  resemblance  of  form,  for  a  certain  manner  of  life, 
than  a  true  affinity ;  for  besides  the  differences  in  the  palpi  and  insertion  of  the 
antennae,  the  prosternum  in  Scydmaenus  is  entirely  separated  from  the  lateral 
inflexed  portions  of  the  thorax,  while  in  Anthicus  it  is  all  in  one  piece.  The 
true  affinities  appear  to  be  with  the  Pyrochroites,  from  which  they  are  dis¬ 
tinguished  only  by  the  form  of  the  parapleurae,  which  in  Anthicus  are  triangular, 
and  in  Pyrochroites  parallel.  Other  differences  are  in  the  neck  of  Pyrochroites 
being  less  narrow  and  not  so  distinctly  separated  as  in  Anthicus ;  in  the  antennae 
being  inserted  in  front  of,  and  very  close  to  the  eyes,  which  are  large  and  more 
or  less  emarginate,  extending  far  on  the  under  surface  of  the  head,  and  frequent¬ 
ly  almost  uniting  on  the  vertex. 

The  diagnosis  of  the  present  tribe  will  then  be : 

Coleoptera  heteromera,  capite  postice  valde  coarctato ,  collo  distinctissimo  ;  ocv- 
lis  integer rimi-s i  lateralibus  ;  mandibulis  apice  emarginatis  ;  abdomine  5-articu- 
lato ,  articulis  liberis ;  parapleuris  triangularibzts  ;  coxis  antici-s  contiguis  ; 
unguibus  simplicibus. 

The  native  genera  are  thus  related  : 

A.  Antennae  articulo  lime  simplici. 

Thorax  cornutus ;  tarsi  articulo  4t0  bilobato  .  .  .  Notoxus. 

Thorax  simplex  ;  tarsi  articulo  4to  bilobato ; 

antennae  moniliatae,  femora  incrassata  .  .  Tomoderus. 

Antennae  non  moniliatae ;  humeri  indistincti  .  FormiComus. 

humeri  distincti  .  Anthicus. 


B.  Antennae  articulo  llmo  elongato,  quasi  diviso. 

Thorax  simplex  ;  articulo  tarsorum  4to  simplici  .  .  Tanarthrus. 

Notoxus  Geoffroy. 

1.  N.  anchora,  elongatus,  testaceus,  thorace  globoso,  cornu  serrato,  crista 
sensim  elevata,  elytris  valde  punctatis,  macula  laterali,  fascia  postica  suturaque 
nigris.  Long.  *14. 

Hentz  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Nat.  Sc.  5,  375,  pi.  13,  fig.  4  :  La  Ferte,  Anthic.  33. 

Monocerus  anchora  Lee.  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  New.  Ser.  1,  89. 

Lake  Superior,  Pennsylvania,  Georgia,  Ohio  and  Missouri  Territory  :  the  lateral 
spot  is  sometimes  wanting ;  the  horn  is  rounded  at  the  apex  and  serrate,  the  crest 
rises  gradually,  is  margined  on  the  sides  but  not  at  the  apex.  The  male  has  the 
apex  of  the  elytra  truncate. 

2.  N.  conformis,  elongatus,  testaceo-fuscus,  thorace  globoso,  cornu 
elongato,  crista  subito  paulo  elevata,  elytris  parce  punctatis,  maculis  utrinque  2 
ante  medium,  fascia  que  postica  nigris.  Long.  *13. 

Lee.  An.  Lyc.  5,  152. 

One  specimen,  found  on  the  Gila.  The  thorax  is  globose,  not  transverse,  the 
horns  margined,  not  serrate;  the  crest  is  broad,  rises  suddenly  but  slightly,  and 


There  is  no  reason  why  this  genus  should  not  be  associated  with  Scraptia. 


1852.] 


93 


is  strongly  margined  both  on  the  sides  and  apex.  The  elytra  are  strongly  but 
not  densely  punctured  ;  the  inner  of  the  two  spots  is  near  the  scutellum,  the  outer 
one  behind  the  humerus.  The  posterior  band  is  oblique  and  sinuous. 

3.  N.  cavicornis,  minus  elongatus,  fusco  testaceus,  thorace  rotundato, 
trar.sverso,  cornu  elongato,  apice  concavo,  crista  subito  valde  elevata,  elytris 
punctatis,  macula  scutellari,  lineolis  anticis,  fasciaque  postica  nigro-fuscis. 
Long.  *11. 

Lee.  An.  Lyc.  5,  152. 

San  Franciseo,  California :  male  with  the  apex  of  the  elytra  acute,  obliquely 
truncate  on  the  outer  side.  The  thorax  is  one-half  wider  than  long,  the  horn 
broad  not  serrate,  strongly  excavated  at  tip,  crest  broad,  high,  margined  on  the 
sides  and  apex,  which  is  rounded.  Elytra  distinctly,  not  densely  punctured. 

4.  N.  serratus,  elongafus,  testaceus,  thorace  globoso,  cornu  antice  con¬ 
cavo,  serrato,  crista  subito  valde  elevata,  elytris  subtilius  punctatis,  macula  scu¬ 
tellari,  lineolis  anticis,  fasciaque  lata  postica  infuscatis.  Long.  *17. 

Monocrrus  serratus  Lee.  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  New  Ser.  1,  90. 

Near  the  Rocky  Mountains.  One  male  specimen  has  the  elytra  immaculate, 
with  the  apex  slightly  truncate.  The  horn  is  broader  than  usual,  strongly  serrate, 
concave  at  the  apex;  the  crest  is  high  and  rises  very  suddenly,  is  strongly  mar¬ 
gined,  but  scarcely  rounded  at  the  apex.  The  elytra  are  more  finely  punctured 
than  in  the  preceding  species. 

5.  N.  monodon,  elongatus,  testaceus,  thorace  globoso,  subtransverso, 
cornu  antice  concavo,  serrato,  crista  sensim  modice  elevata,  elytris  minus  subti- 
liter  punctatis,  macula  scutellari  fasciaque  postica  nigris.  Long.  *12. 

Ferte  Anthic.  37. 

Anthicus  monodon  Fabr.  Syst.  El.  1,  2S9 :  Say,  Am.  Ent.  1,  pi.  10. 

Monoeerus  monodon  var.  a.  Lee.  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  New  Ser.  1,  90. 

Massachusetts,  Pennsylvania,  Georgia,  Missouri  Territory  and  California.  The 
horn  is  serrate,  broad  and  concave  at  the  apex ;  the  crest  is  moderately  broad, 
rises  gradually  and  is  margined  on  the  sides  and  tip,  which  is  somewhat  acute. 
The  elytra  are  strongly  punctured,  though  less  so  than  in  N.  anchora ;  the  scu- 
tellar  spot  is  sometimes  wanting. 

6.  N.  apical  is,  elongatus,  testaceus,  thorace  globoso,  cornu  antice  con¬ 
cavo,  lateribus  serrato,  crista  subito  valde  elevata,  elytris  densius  punctatis, 
macula  scutellari,  fascia  postica,  apieeque  nigris.  Long.  *15. 

Monocerus  monodon  Lee.  Journ.  Ac.  New  Ser.  i.  90. 

Detroit,  Michigan.  Easily  distinguished  from  the  preceding' by  the  form  of 
the  horn.  The  thorax  is  not  at  all  transverse ;  the  horn  is  broad,  concave  at  the 
apex,  serrate  on  the  sides  ;  the  crest  rises  very  suddenly,  and  is  margined  at  the 
sides  and  apex,  which  is  rounded.  The  elytra  are  tolerably  densely  punctured. 

7.  N.  margin  at  us,  valde  elongatus,  testaceus,  thorace  subgloboso,  cornu 
vix  serrato,  crista  subito  valde  elevato,  elytris  subtiliter  punctulatis,  gutta  sub- 
seutellari,  linea  submarginali,  fascia  tenui  postica,  apieeque  nigris.  Long.  *16. 

Detroit.  Easily  distinguished  by  its  much  narrower  form.  The  thorax  is 
less  narrowed  behind  than  usual,  and  not  at  all  transverse ;  the  horn  is  margined 
and  scarcely  serrate  ;  the  crest  rises  suddenly  and  is  margined  at  the  sides  and 
apex,  which  is  rounded.  The  black  marks  of  the  elytra  are  very  narrow ;  the 
fascia  is  angulated  at  the  suture,  and  does  not  reach  the  margin ;  the  submar¬ 
ginal  line  extends  from  below  the  humerus  tp  the  apex. 

8.  N.  sub  til  is,  valde  elongatus,  fusco-testaceus,  thorace  globoso,  subtrans¬ 
verso,  cornu  serrato,  crista  subito  valde  elevata,  elytris  subtilissime  punctulatis, 
macula  scutellari,  fascia  ad  medium  apieeque  nigris,  margine  infuscato. 
Long.  *13. 

Missouri  Territory,  one  specimen.  Differs  from  all  the  preceding  species  by 
the  fascia  being  at  the  middle  of  the  elytra.  The  thorax  is  slightly  transverse  ; 
the  horn  is  concave  at  the  apex,  subserrale  ;  the  crest  rises  abruptly  and  is 
strongly  margined  and  somewhat  rounded  at  the  apex. 


94 


[May, 

Var.  ?  Entirely  testaceous,  with  a  marginal  fuscous  spot  at  the  middle  of  each 
elytron.  I  have  only  a  single  specimen  of  this,  which  is  possibly  a  distinct 
species ;  it  is  less  elongated,  and  the  elytra  are  broadly  truncate  at  the  tip. 

9.  N.  b  i  fas  c  i  at  u  s,  elongatus,  fuscus,  thorace  globoso,  cornu  vix  serrato, 
crista  subito  elevata,  elytris  subtilissime  punctulatis,  nigris,  fasciis  duabus 
cinereis  ornatis.  Long.  *13 — '16. 

Monocerus  bifasciatus  Lee.  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  New  Ser.  i.  89. 

Western  States  and  Upper  Mississippi.  The  feet  are  either  fuscous  or  ferru¬ 
ginous  ;  the  thorax  is  sometimes  rufous ;  the  elytra  are  rounded  at  the  tip  in 
both  sexes ;  the  anterior  fascia  is  broad  and  situated  at  the  anterior  fourth  of  the 
length  of  the  elytra,  the  second  is  narrow  and  placed  one-third  from  the  apex. 

10.  N.  bicolor,  elongatus,  obscurus,  pedibus  thoraceque  laete  rufis,  hoc 
cornu  serrato,  crista  lata  sensim  elevata,  elytris  opacis  cinerascentibus,  subti- 
liter  punctulatis.  Long.  *13. 

Ferte  Anthic.  53. 

Anthicus  bicolor  Say,  Am.  Ent.  i.  pi.  10. 

Monocerus  bicolor  Lee.  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  N.  Ser.  i.  90. 

Common  in  the  Middle  and  Southern  States.  The  thorax  is  subglobose;  the 
horn  wider  than  usual,  strongly  serrate  ;  the  crest  is  wide,  rises  gradually,  and 
is  margined  on  the  sides  and  apex,  which  is  rounded. 

Species  unknown  to  me :  •  '  ' 

11.  N.  P  il  at  i,  Ferte  Anthic.  297.  Texas. 

12.  N.  plani  corn  is  Ferte  Anthic.  39,  fig.  8.  Very  distinct  by  the  absence 
of  the  crest  of  the  horn. 

13.  N.  talpa  Ferte  Anthic.  50. 

14.  N.  el  eg  an  tul  us  Ferte  ibid.  52.  These  are  both  from  California.  They 
appear  to  be  allied  to  N.  bifasciatus. 

Tomoderus  Ferte. 

This  genus  is  distinguished  by  its  submoniliform  antennae,  and  clavate  femora  ; 
the  fourth  joint  of  the  tarsi  is  bilobed  as  in  Anthicus. 

1.  T.  interrupts,  parce  pubescens,  thorace  medio  valde  constricto, 
lobo  anteriore  latiore,  transverso,  elytris  confuse  punctatis,  punctis  pone  medium 
subtilioribus.  Long.  *11. 

Ferte  Anthic*.  97. 

Middle  and  Southern  States,  varies  from  black  to  brown ;  usually  dark  brown, 
with  the  posterior  part  of  the  elytra  black. 

2.  T.  constrictus,  parce  pubescens,  thorace  medio  valde  constricto,  lobo 
anteriore  latiore  subtransverso,  elytris  antice  seriatim  grosse  punctatis,  pone 
medium  obsolete  punctulatis.  Long.  *12. 

Ferte,  Anthic.  101. 

Anthicus  constrictus  Say,  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  5,  244. 

Southern  States;  the  obsolete  punctures  of  the  posterior  part  of  the  elytra  is 
the  only  character  for  separating  this  species  from  the  preceding,  in  which  the 
punctures  frequently  show  a  tendency  to  form  series.  I  am  very  doubtful 
whether  they  should  be  considered  distinct. 

(  Formicomus  Ferte.  ( 

\  Formicilla  Lee.  [ 

This  group  is  only  separated  from  genuine  Anthicus  by  the  oval,  convex  elytra 
without  distinct  humeri, and  by  its  more  strongly  clavate  femora.  1  have  placed 
it  in  brackets  to  signify  that  1  do  not  adopt  the  name. 

1.  A.  s  c  i  t  u  l  u  s  ,  apterus,  rufo-testaceus,  nitidissimus,  thorace  elongato, 


1852.] 


95 


postice  constricto,  elytris  ovalibus,  convexis,  macula  magna  lateral  i,  fasciaque 
armusta  postica  nigris.  Long.  *1. 

Sea  beach  of  Sullivan’s  Island,  S.  Carolina  :  June.  Body  bright  reddish  yellow, 
very  smooth  and  shining;  head  large  slightly  convex,  rounded  behind,  marked 
with  a  few  distant  punctures,  and  four  or  five  erect  black  hairs  ;  front  blackish  : 
antennae  with  the  joints  2 — 6  slender,  nearly  equal,  7 — 11  gradually  ^increasing  in 
size.  Thorax  as  long  as  the  head  and  one  half  narrower,  transversely  convex, 
rnu,ch  narrowed  and  constricted  just  behind  the  middle,  then  widened  a  little  to 
the  base,  which  on  each  side  has  a  wide  shallow  fovea.  Elytra  oval,  gradually 
dilated  to  the  middle,  where  they  are  three  times  as  wide  as  the  thorax;  apex 
rounded:  humeral  angles  obsolete,  disc  convex  smooth,  ornamented  with  a  large 
lateral  blackish  spot  at  the  middle,  and  a  narrow  blackish  band  between  that  and 
the  apex;  margin  with  a  lew  black  bristles.  Body  beneath  finely  punctured, 
and  slightly  pubescent,  thighs  slightly  incrassated,  tarsi  slender,  lobes  of  the  4th 
joint  very  narrow,  produced  beneath  ;  posterior  tibiae  slightly  compressed  and 
bent. 

I  can  find  no  sexual  difference.  This  and  the  next  species  might  more  pro¬ 
perly  enter  Ferte’s  4th  division  of  Anthicus,  but  both  have  the  neck  of  the  thorax 
distinct,  and  this  one  is  completely  apterous.  At  any  rate  they  show  the  necessity 
of  uniting  the  two  genera. 

2.  A.  mundus,  alatus,  rufo-testaceus  nitidissimus,  thorace  elongato,  pone 
medium  constricto,  basi  3-punctato,  elytris  pone  humeros  impressis,  rufis  fascia 
lata  ad  medium,  maculaque  maxima  apicali  nigris.  Long.  -09. 

For  mi  cilia  manda  Lee.  An.  Lyc.  5,  152.  Bright  reddish  yellow,  very  smooth 
and  shining,  with  a  few  black  setae  ;  antennae,  head  and  thorax  as  in  the  last, 
except  that  the  latter  is  less  convex  on  the  disc,  and  has  three  points  at  the 
middle  of  the  base.  Elytra  much  less  convex,  slightly  dilated  as  far  as  the 
middle,  rounded  at  the  apex ;  humeri  distinct  obtuse  :  disc  obsoletely  and 
sparsely  punctured  before  the  middle,  post  humeral  impression  large  and  distinct: 
ornamented  with  a  very  broad  black  fascia  at  the  middle,  and  a  very  large 
common  black  spot,  which  extends  nearly  to  the  apex,  leaving  only  a  narrovv 
yellow  fascia  between  it  and  the  band  just  described,  and  a  narrow  lateral  and 
apical  margin  yellow.  Body  beneath  ferruginous,  finely  punctured  and  pubescent. 
Thighs  moderately  incrassated. 

I  found  only  two  specimens  of  this  insect,  on  the  lower  part  of  the  Colorado 
River.  It  agrees  so  closely  in  general  characters  with  the  preceding  species, 
that  it  would  be  unnaturai  to  separate  it  as  a  distinct  genus.  I  am,  therefore, 
led  to  believe  that  the  filiform  tarsi,  ascribed  by  me  to  this  insect,  must  be  an 
error  of  observation,  depending  on  the  condition  of  the  specimens,  which  unfor¬ 
tunately  became  mouldy  at  Panama.  All  my  attempts  to  cleanse  the  tarsi  have 
heretofore  proved  useless  ;  and  I  may  add,  that  in  A.  scitulus,  the  lobes  of  the 
fourth  tarsal  joint  are  so  delicate,  that  the  slightest  dirt  is  sufficient  to  render 
them  invisible. 

Anthicus  Paykull. 

Although  the  arrangement  followed  by  Ferte  may  be  the  most  convenient  in 
working  with  species  from  every  part  of  the  world,  yet  it  has  appeared  to  me 
to  be  capable  of  some  improvement,  when  used  in  the  study  of  our  native 
species.  I  have  therefore  attempted  to  separate  them  into  homogeneous  groups, 
so  that  the  diagnoses  of  the  species  may  thereby  be  shortened,  and  the  labor  of 
identifying  species  diminished.  The  following  table  seems  to  answer  the  pur¬ 
pose  without  any  great  violation  of  affinity. 

A.  Caput  non  granulatum,  tibiae  calcaribus  fere  obsoletis.  Thorax  basi 
marginatus. 

a.  Capite  rotundato,  occipite  non  impresso,  palpis  articulo  ultimo  maximo, 

.  thorace  postice  constricto,  elytris  basi  impressis.  Sp.  1 — 3. 

15 


96  [May, 

b.  Capite  rotundato,  occipite  breviter  impresso,  thorace  postice  constricto, 

elytris  basi  impressis.  Sp.  4 — 6. 

c.  Capite  rotundato,  occipite  non  impresso,  thorace  postice  modice  constricto, 

elytris  non  impressis  :  corpus  minus  pubescens.  Sp.  7 — 9. 

d.  Capite  subquadrato,  thorace  elongato,  trapezoideo  ;  corpus  vix  pubescens. 

Sp.  10—13. 

e.  Capite  subquadrato,  thorace  plus  minusve  trapezoideo,  elytris  non  impres¬ 
sis  ;  corpus  longius  pubescens. 

1.  Capite  postice  rotundato,  thorace  subcampanulato ;  antennis  tenuibus. 

Sp.  14—18. 

2.  Capite  postice  truncato,  pone  oculos  non  angustato,  oculis  prominulis. 

Sp.  19—36. 

3.  Capite  postice  truncato,  pone  oculos  non  angustato,  oculis  parvis  ; 

elytris  lateribus  rotundatis,  humeris  fere  nullis.  Sp.  37. 

B.  Caput  non  granulatum  ;  tibiae  calcaribus  obsoletis  ;  thorax  basi  non 

marginatus.  Sp.  38. 

C.  Caput  triangulare,  granulatum;  tibiae  calcaribus  valde  distinctis : 

thorax  ovatus  basi  marginatus.  Sp.  39 — 40. 

1.  A.  obscurus,  niger  nitidus  subtiliter  pubescens,  capite  impunctato, 
thorace  postice  constricto,  basi  cylindrico,  elytris  parcius  punctulatis,  versus 
basin  vix  cinerascentibus,  antennarum  basipicea.  Long.  *12. 

Ferte,  Anthic.  116. 

Coney  Island,  near  New  York.  July,  in  salt  marsh.  The  elytra  are  less 
impressed  behind  the  base  than  in  the  following.  The  posterior  tibiae  of  the 
male  are  not  dilated,  or  bent. 

• 

2.  A.  nitidulus,  niger  nitidus,  subtiliter  pubescens,  capite  parce  punc- 
tato,  thorace  postice  constricto,  basi  cylindrico,  elytris  parce  punctulatis,  basi 
vix  cinerascentibus,  antennarum  basi  picea.  Long.  *12. 

Lee.  An.  Lye.  5,  153. 

Two  specimens,  San  Jose,  California.  Exactly  similar  in  size  and  form  to 
the  preceding,  but  differs  by  the  head  being  punctured,  and  the  elytra  more 
deeply  impressed  towards  the  base. 

3.  A.  elegans,  rufo-piceus,  subtiliter  pubescens, capite  vix  punctato,  thorace 
postice  constricto,  basi  cylindrico,  elytris  punctulatis,  nigris,  basi  indeterminate 
rufis,  et  cinerascentibus.  Long.  ’12. 

Ferte,  Anthic.  117. 

Georgia  and  Missouri  Territory.  I  have  always  considered  this  species 
as  A.  cinctus  Say,  but,  after  renewed  investigation,  feel  inclined  to 
adopt  Ferte’s  conclusion,  that  Say’s  species  is  more  allied  to  A.  formicarius. 
The  expression  “  elytra  hirsute  ”  will  by  no  means  apply  to  the  present  species, 
nor  is  there  ever  a  cinereous  spot  at  the  tip  of  the  elytra.  The  male  has  the 
posterior  tibiae  dilated  and  sinuated  internally. 

4.  A.  tenuis,  niger  opacus,  tenuiter  pubescens,  capite  dense  punctulato, 
occipite  breviter  canaliculato,  thorace  postice  constricto,  basi  cylindrico,  elytris 
vix  impressis  subtilissime  punctulatis,  fascia  ante  medium  angusta  albida, 
antennis  palpis  pedibusque  testacis.  Long.  *12. 

Lee.  An.  Lyc.  5,  153. 

Colorado  River,  California.  Approaches  very  close  to  the  preceding  species 
in  form,  but  the  last  joint  of  the  palpi  is  longer  than  wide.  The  anterior  part  of 
the  thorax  is  less  globose  than  in  A.  formicarius,  with  which,  however,  it  agrees 
so  closely  in  the  form  of  the  body  and  structure  of  the  palpi,  that  it  would  be 


1852.] 


97 


quite  unnatural  to  separate  them.  The  elytra  of  the  male  are  truncate  at  apex, 
so  that  the  pygidium  is  visible. 

5.  A.  formicarius,  nigro-piceus,  nitidus,  parce  griseo-setosus,  capite 
punctis  paucis  impresso,  occipite  brevissime  canaliculato,  thorace  postice  valde 
constricto,  dein  subampliato  et  punctato,  elytris  grosse  parte  punctatis,  basi 
indeterminate  rufis,  impressis,  et  anguste  flavo-fasciatis.  Long.  *14. 

Ferte,  Anthic.  185. 

New  York  and  Massachusetts,  usually  in  salt  marshes.  The  anterior  part  of 
the  thorax  is  convex,  and  sparsely  punctured  ;  the  posterior  lobe  is  a  little 
widened  towards  the  base,  and  is  tolerably  densely  punctured.  The  base  of  the 
antennae  and  tarsi  are  testaceous.  The  punctures  of  the  elytra  become  small 
behind  the  middle.  The  male  has  the  pygidium  prominent. 

6.  A.  cinctus,  rufus  nitidus,  parce  griseo-setosus,  thorace  postice  valde 
constricto,  dein  subampliato,  et  granulato,  elytris  parce  grosse  punctatis,  nigris 
basi  rufis,  fascia  pone  basin  apiceque  flavis.  Long.  *15. 

Say,  J.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  3,  278 ;  Ferte,  274. 

Illinois  ;  Mr.  Willcox.  This  species  is  very  closely  allied  to  the  preceding, 
but  differs  in  color,  and  in  the  sculpture  of  the  posterior  lobe  of  the  thorax, 
which,  instead  of  being  punctured,  is  densely  and  finely  granulate.  The  punc¬ 
tures  of  the  front  part  of  the  elytra  ate  also  more  numerous.  The  head  is 
marked  with  a  few  punctures,  and  the  occiput  with  a  very  short  impressed  line, 
just  as  in  the  last  species.  The  pygidium  of  the  male  projects. 

7.  A.  annectens,  nigro-piceus,  nitidus,  parce  pubescens,  capite  thoraceque 
vix  subtiliter  punctulatis,  hoc  postice  constricto,  ad  basin  subtiliter  bitubercu- 
lato,  elytris  minus  subtiliter  punctatis,  tibiis  testaceis.  Long.  *1. 

Lee.  An.  Lyc.  5,  153. 

One  specimen,  from  the  sea-shore  at  San  Diego,  California.  The  thorax  is 
longer  than  wide,  much  rounded  on  the  sides  before  the  middle,  then  narrowed, 
and  slightly  constricted  before  the  base,  which  is  cylindrical,  very  finely  punc¬ 
tured,  and  distinctly  bituberculate.  The  punctures  of  the  elytra  grow  small 
behind  the  middle. 

8.  A.  californicus,  rufo-piceus,  nitidus,  parce  pubescens,  capite  tho¬ 
raceque  punctulatis,  hoc  postice  constricto,  vix  bituberculato,  elytris  minus  dense 
punctatis,  macula  ad  medium  apiceque  nigro-piceis.  Long.  *1. 

Ferte,  Anthic.  128. 

Abundant  at  San  Diego,  California,  on  the  sea-shore,  and  in  the  marshes. 
The  thorax  is  more  obliquely  rounded  on  the  sides  before  the  middle  than  in  the 
last  species  ;  the  tubercles  of  the  base  are  scarcely  visible.  The  punctures  of 
the  head  and  thorax  are  very  distinct,  and  those  of  the  latter  become  very  dense 
towards  the  base. 

This  species  varies  very  much  in  color.  The  spots  are  usually  quite  unde¬ 
fined.  I  have  a  specimen  with  pale  yellowish  elytra,  and  the  spots  very  well 
defined ;  the  anterior  one  is  placed  near  the  middle,  is  very  large,  and  extends 
nearly  to  the  suture.  Others  occur  which  are  entirely  black.  The  male  has 
the  abdomen  subtruncate  at  the  apex. 

9.  A.  reiectus,  rufo-piceus,  nitidus,  parce  pubescens,  capite  thoraceque 
punctulatis,  hoc  postice  angustato,  subconstricto,  elytris  depressiusculis,  sat 
dense  punctatis,  ad  basin  medium  et  apicem  infuscatis.  Long.  *1. 

New  York  and  ^Missouri  Territory,  in  salt  marshes.  Rufo-piceous,  shining, 
sparsely  pubescent.  Head  rounded  prominent  behind,  finely  not  densely  punc¬ 
tured.  Thorax  longer  than  wide,  moderately  convex,  not  densely  punctured, 
rounded  on  the  sides  anteriorly,  obliquely  narrowed  nearly  to  the  base,  where  it 
is  slightly  constricted,  cylindrical  portion  of  the  base  shorter  than  in  the  pre¬ 
ceding,  densely  punctured,  with  two  very  obsolete  tubercles.  Elytra  somewhat 
flattened,  twice  as  wide  as  the  base  of  the  thorax,  humeri  prominent,  sides 
slightly  widened  to  the  middle :  strongly  moderately  densely  punctured,  punc- 


93 


[May, 


tures  smaller  towards  the  apex  ;  l5ase,  middle,  and  apex  darker.  Varies  with  the 
elytra  piceous  black,  at  base  piceous.  The  male  has  the  abdomen  truncate 
at  tip. 

10.  A.  floral  is,  piceus  nitidus  vix  subtilissime  pubeseens,  subtiliter 
punctatus,  occipite.  impresso,  thorace,  elytrorum  basi,  antennis  pedibusque 
rufescentibus.  Long.  *15. 

Payk.  Faun.  Suec.  1,  256;  Fabr.  Syst.  El.  1,  291 ;  Ferte,  150. 

Var.  A.  basillaris  Say,  J.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  3,  279. 

Found  in  every  part  of  the  United  States.  For  the  synonyms  see  Ferte’s 
Monograph.  As  they  do  not  relate  to  the  occurrence  of  the  insect  on  this  con¬ 
tinent,  they  are  here  entirely  out  of  place.  From  the  other  almost  glabrous 
species  found  here,  this  is  immediately  distinguished  by  its  impressed  vertex. 
The  thorax  most  commonly  has  two  prominences  anteriorly,  separated  by  an 
impressed  line. 

The  variety  without  these  protuberances  has  a  more  distinct  posthumeral 
impression  on  the  elytra,  and  is  evidently  A.  basillaris  Say. 

11.  A.  vicinus,  elongatus,  rufus,  nitidus,  fere  glaber,  capite  thoraceque 
parce  punctato,  hoc  elongato,  postice  angustato,  elytris  basi  medio  et  apice  late 
nigris,  sat  grosse  punctatis.  Long.  T. 

Ferte,  Anthic.  157. 

Common  in  the  Middle  and  Southern  States.  This  species  varies  in  color 
exceedingly.  The  diagnosis  is  from  the  light  colored  variety.  The  basal  dark 
spot  of  the  elytra  is  sometimes  wanting  ;  sometimes  the  head  is  fuscous ;  some¬ 
times  the  whole  insect,  excepting  the  base  of  the  antennae  and  the  tarsi,  is 
black.  Ferte  describes  the  head  as  impunctured,  but  I  have  never  met  with 
any  on  the  head  of  which  a  few  points  could  not  be  discovered. 

12.  A.  t  h  o  r  a  c  i  c  u  s  ,  elongatus,  niger  nitidus,  fere  glaber,  capite  thoraceque 
parce  punctatis,  hoc  rufo,  elongato  postice  angustato,  elytris  sat  grosse  punctatis, 
pedibus  rufis.  Long.  *1. 

Ferte,  Anthic.  158. 

Georgia,  rare.  The  co-existence  of  bright  red  thorax  and  legs,  with  black 
immaculate  elytra,  is  the  only  character  to  separate  this  species  from  the  pre¬ 
ceding,  with  which  it  accurately  agrees  in  the  form  of  every  part  of  the  body. 
In  one  of  my  specimens  there  is  a  faint  piceous  band  behind  the  middle  of  the 
elytra,  which  would  seem  to  be  the  last  trace  of  the  spots  which  exist  in  A. 
vicinus.  It  would  therefore  seem  safer  to  consider  it  as  a  variety  of  the  pre¬ 
ceding. 

13.  A.  c  o  n  f  i  n  i  s  ,  elongatus,  niger,  nitidus,  fere  glaber,  capite  parce  punc- 
tulato,  thorace  parce  punctato,  elongato,  postice  subangustato,  elytris  densius 
punctatis.  Long.  *1. 

Lee.  An.  Lyc.  5,  153. 

One  specimen,  from  the  sea-shore  at  San  Diego,  California.  This  species  is 
closely  allied  to  the  preceding,  but  differs  in  having  the  thorax  less  narrowed 
behind,  and  the  elytra  more  densely  punctured. 

14.  A.  horridus,  elongatus,  testaceus,  pilis  longis  erectis  hispidus,  capite 
postice  rotundato  thoraceque  grosse  punctatis,  hoc  longiusculo  subcampanulato, 
elytris  grosse  punctatis,  fascia  obscura  pone  medium  ornatis.  Long.  *11. 

Lee.  An.  Lyc.  5,  154. 

One  specimen,  from  the  Gila  River.  The  head  has  a  small  smooth  longitudi¬ 
nal  line. 

15.  A.  cribratus,  elongatus,  flavo-testaceus,  longius  pubeseens,  capite 
postice  rotundato  thoraceque  confertim  punctatis,  hoc  longiusculo,  obsolete 
campanulato,  postice  vix  angustato,  elytris  grosse  punctatis,  fascia  pone  medium 
angusta  nigra  ornatis.  Long.  *11. 


1852.] 


99 


One  specimen,  St.  Isabel,  California.  The  head  has  an  obsolete  smooth 
frontal  line  ;  the  apex  of  the  elytra  is  fuscous. 

16.  A.  difficilis,  elongates,  testaceus,  albido-pubescens,  capite  postice 
rotundato,  disperse  punctato,  medio  laevi,  thorace  subcampanulato,  latitudine 
non  longiore,  confertim  punctato,  elytris  grosse  dense  punctatis,  fascia  lata  ad 
medium  infuscata.  Long.  *12. 

Lee.  Agass.  Lake  Superior,  230. 

Lake  Superior,  abundant.  The  frontal  smooth  line  is  broad;  varies  with  the 
elytral  band  obsolete. 

17.  A.  co  nf  us  us,  elongatus,  testaceus,  albido  pubescens,  capite  grosse 
punctato,  postice  rotundato,  medio  laevi,  thorace  vix  campanulato,  lateribus 
postice  oblique  angustato,  dense  punctato,  elytris  grosse  punctatis,  fascia 
obscura  ad  medium  ornatis.  Long.  *12. 

New  York;  Louisiana,  Mr.  Wapler  ;  Southern  Illinois,  Haldeman.  This  species 
is  extremely  similar  to  the  preceding,  but  the  head  is  more  coarsely  punctured  ; 
the  sides  of  the  thorax  behind  the  middle  are  oblique,  not  parallel. 

18.  A.  luteolus,  elongatus,  flavo-testaceus,  albido  pubescens,  capite  postice 
rotundato,  thoraceque  confertim  punctatis,  hoc  ovato,  postice  angustato, 
latitudine  vix  longiore,  elytris  confertim  sat  grosse  punctatis.  Long.  *12. 

Lee.  An.  Lyc.  5,  154. 

Vallecitas,  California.  This  species  resembles  the  last  very  much,  but  the 
thorax  is  not  at  all  campanulate,  the  punctures  on  the  head  are  denser,  and  the 
only  smooth  part  is  on  the  vertex.  A  variety  has  a  broad  fuscous  fascia  at  the 
middle  of  the  elytra. 

19.  A.  scabriceps,  elongatus,  nigro-piceus,  densius  pubescens,  capite 
postice  truncato,  thoraceque  confertissime  rugose  punctatis,  hoc  subcampanu¬ 
lato,  elytris  grosse  minus  dense  punctatis,  apice  rufescente.  Long.  •]. 

Lee.  Agassiz  Lake  Superior,  230. 

Very  abundant  on  Lake  Superior.  Varies  very  much  in  color.  The  principal 
varieties  are :  st.  black,  base  of  the  elytra  piceous  :  6.  head  and  thorax 
fuscous,  antennae,  legs  and  elytra  testaceous,  the  latter  wdth  a  broad  blackfascia 
at  the  middle  ;  y.  entirely  testaceous,  fascia  of  the  elytra  obsolete^  The  head 
has  a  slight  impression  on  the  middle  of  the  occiput,  the  frontal  line  is  scarcely 
visible. 

20.  A.  ephippium,  subelongatus,  testaceus,  pubescens,  capite  postice  fere 
truncato,  scabro-punctato,  medio  laevi,  thorace  vix  campanulato,  confertissime 
punctato,  elytris  grosse  minus  dense  punctatis,  fascia  ad  medium  picea  ornatis. 
Long.  *1. 

Ferte,  Anthic.  16S. 

New  York.  Very  similar  to  the  last,  but  is  less  elongate,  and  the  head  is 
less  rugous,  with  a  broad  frontal  smooth  line.  I  am  somewhat  in  doubt  if  this 
really  is  Ferte’s  species,  as  he  makes  no  mention  of  the  smooth  frontal  space. 
It  is,  however,  compared  with  the  A.  sellatus,  in  which  this  line  is  very 
distinct,  so  that  the  probability  is  that  it  also  existed  in  his  A.  ephippium. 

21.  A.  fl  a  v  i  c  an  s  ,  testaceo-flavus, pubescens,  capite  postice  subtruncato, 
confertim  punctato,  medio  laevi,  thorace  longiusculo,  ovato,  postice  subangustato, 
confertissime  punctato,  opaco,  elytris  sat  dense  grosse  punctatis.  Long.  *12. 

Elongate,  testaceous  yellow,  head  and  thorax  a  little  darker.  Head  almost 
truncate  behind,  not  narrowed  behind  the  eyes,  which  are  large  and  prominent ; 
densely  punctured,  frontal  line  smooth,  broad.  Antennae  slender,  very  slightly 
thickened  externally.  Thorax  a  little  longer  than  wide,  moderately  convex, 
rounded  anteriorly,  obliquely  slightly  narrowed  to  the  base,  which  is  strongly 
margined ;  neck  very  distinct,  as  in  the  other  species  of  this  group.  Elytra 
one  half  wider  than  the  thorax,  elongate,  humeri  oblique,  rounded  ;  disc  ante- 


100  [May, 

riorly  slightly  flattened,  punctures  large,  moderately  dense,  becoming  small 
posteriorly.  One  specimen,  from  Missouri  Territory. 

22.  A.  r  u  f  u  1  u  s  ,  elongatus  saturate  rufus,  nitidus  parce  pubescens,  parce 
hispidus,  capite  postice  truncato,  minus  dense  punctato  medio  laevi,  thorace 
elorigato,  postice  sub-angustato,  subtilius  punctato,  elytris  minus  subtiliter  punc- 
tatis.  Long.  *1. 

Lee.  An.  Lyc.  5,  155. 

One  specimen,  San  Diego.  Has  very  much  the  form  of  A.  vicinus.  The  head 
is  tolerably  strongly  punctured,  with  a  narrow  smooth  frontal  line.  The 
antennae  are  less  slender  than  in  the  other  species  of  this  group,  and  the  eyes, 
though  not  small,  are  less  prominent. 

23.  A.  cervinus,  testaceus,  elongatus,  subtilius  pubescens,  capite  fusco, 
postice  subtruncato,  punctato,  medio  laevi;  thorace  longiusculo  ovato,  punctulato, 
elytris  densius  punctatis,  pone  medium  nigricantibus,  gutta  utrinque  postica 
apieeque  flavis.  Long.  *1. 

Ferte,  Anthic.  181. 

A.  bifasciatus\$Ky ,  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  5,  245  ;  Hald.  Proc.  Ac.  1,  304. 

A.  terminalis  Lee.  Agass.  Lake  Superior,  230. 

A.  bizonatus  Ferte,  Anthic.  274. 

Found  everyplace,  from  Lake  Superior  to  Georgia,  and  from  New  York  to 
Nebraska.  A  very  variable  species;  the  most  common  form  is  that  above 
described  ;  there  are  others  fuscous,  legs  and  antennae  testaceous,  elytra  black, 
writh  a  basal  spot,  and  one  behind  the  middle  testaceous  ;  others,  again,  are 
entirely  yellow-testaceous. 

Some  of  these  varieties  come  very  near  to  A.  Haldemani,  but  are  immediately 
distinguished  by  the  occiput  not  being  channeled^ 

24.  A.  punctulatus,  elongatus,  niger  nitidus,  cinereo-pubescens,  capite 
postice  subtruncato,  thoraceque  confertim  subtilius  punctatis,  hoc  longiusculo, 
postice  subangustato,  elytris  minus  convexis,  dense  punctatis.  Long.  *1. 

Lee.  An.  Lyc.  5,  155. 

San  Jose  and  San  Diego.  The  frontal  line  is  narrow  and  slightly  elevated. 
The  eyes  are  smaller  than  in  the  preceding,  but  are  moderately  prominent. 

25.  A.  Haldemani,  ater,subnitidus,  breviter  pubescens, confertim punctatus, 
capite  postice  truncato,  occipite  impresso,  thorace  longiusculo  ovato,  elytris 
maculis  utrinque  duabus  magnis  flavis,  antennis  pedibusque  testaceis. 
Long.  *11. 

A.  quadriguttatus^AsAA.  Pr.  Ac.  2,  304. 

Massachusetts  and  Pennsylvania.  Varies  with  the  anterior  spot  diffuse  so  as 
to  cover  nearly  the  anterior  half  of  the  elytra,  and  the  posterior  spots  coalescing: 
so  that  the  elytra  become  yellow,  with  the  suture,  a  transverse  band  at  the  mid¬ 
dle,  and  the  apex  fuscous.  The  thighs  are  sometimes  fuscous.  The  frontal  line 
is  narrow  and  indistinct,  and  the  points  on  the  head  are  not  very  dense.  Those 
of  the  elytra  are  a  little  larger  and  very  dense.  The  thorax  becomes  very 
slightly  cylindrical  at  base.  It  seems  to  resemble  very  much  A.  4-maculatus 
(Ferte  203)  from  Europe,  but  the  pubescence  is  distinct,  and  equally  distributed 
over  every  part  of  the  body. 

26.  A.  quadrilunatus,  ater  subnitidus,  breviter  pubescens,  confertim 
punctatus,  capite  postice  truncato,  occipite  vix  impresso,  thorace  ovato,  convexo, 
elytris  maculis  utrinque  duabus,  tibiis,  tarsis,  antennarumque  basi  ferrugineis. 
Long.  *12. 

?  Ferte,  Anthic.  201. 

One  specimen,  New  Mexico,  Fendler.  Very  close  to  A.  Haldemani;  the 
head  is  a  little  more  square  behind,  and  there  is  scarcely  a  trace  of  an  occipital 
impression.  The  thorax  is  more  convex  in  front,  though  scarcely  enough  so  to 
be  described  as  round,  and  I  have  therefore  doubts  about  it  being  identical  with 
the  California  species  described  by  Ferte. 


1852.] 


101 


27.  A.  biguttulus,  magis  elongatus,  ater  subnitidus,  tenuiter  pubescens, 
confertim  punetatus,  capite  postice  subtruncato,  thorace  longiusculo,  ovato, 
elytris  macula  pone  medium  rotundata  ferruginea.  Long.  *15. 

Lee.  An.  Lyc.  5,  255. 

One  specimen,  San  Francisco.  A  fine  species,  differing  from  the  two  pre¬ 
ceding  by  having  the  head  less  truncate  behind,  and  the  occiput  not  impressed ; 
frontal  line  none.  The  pubescence,  though  fine,  is  longer  than  in  the  preceding, 
and  the  thorax  is  extremely  densely  punctured.  The  punctures  of  the  elytra 
are  larger  and  not  so  dense. 

28.  A.  nigritulus,  elongatus,  niger,  nitidus,  tenuiter  longius  pubescens, 
capite  parce  punctulato,  basi  subtruncato,  thorace  elongato,  postice  subangus- 
tato,  punctulato,  elytris  depressiusculis  minus  subtiliter  punctatis,  omoplatis 
prominulis.  Long.,  *08. 

Lee.  An.  Lyc.  5,  154. 

San  Francisco,  California.  The  form  of  the  body  is  altogether  that  of  A. 
viciliu  s  ,  but  the  pubescence  has  caused  me  to  separate  it  from  that  group. 
The  antennae  are  much  thicker  than  in  the  preceding  species,  and  the  eyes  are 
smaller,  in  both  of  which  respects  it  agrees  with  A.  vicinus. 

29.  A.  obscurellus,  elongatus,  fuscus,  dense  pubescens,  capite  punctu¬ 
lato  basi  truncato,  linea  frontali  laevi  tenui,  thorace  longiusculo,  ovato,  confertim 
punctulato,  elytris  elongato-ellipticis,  punctatis,  pone  medium  infuscatis. 
Long.  *08. 

Lee.  An.  Lyc.  5,  155. 

San  Jose,  California,  abundant.  A  small  elongate  species,  with  the  humeral 
angles  of  the  elytra  more  rounded  than  usual.  The  elytra  are  transversely 
moderately  convex,  and  a  little  flattened  towards  the  base.  The  eyes  are  small, 
and  the  antennae  tolerably  thick. 

30.  A  latebrans,  sub-elongatus,  flavo-testaceus,  parce  pubescens,  capite 
punctato,  basi  truncato,  occipite  breviter  impresso,  linea  frontali  tenui  laevi, 
thorace  confertim  punctulato,  vix  cordato,  elytris  basi  emarginatis,  punctatis, 
pone  medium  vix  infuscatis,  humeris  valde  rotundatis.  Long.  *08. 

One  specimen,  New  York.  Similar  to  the  preceding,  but  less  elongate.  The 
thorax  is  narrowed  and  very  slightly  cylindrical  at  base,  which  causes  it  to  appear 
somewhat  cordate.  The  elytra  are  a  little  flattened  at  base  ;  the  rounding  of 
the  humeral  angles  gives  them  a  more  convex  lateral  outline  than  usual. 

31.  A.  spretus,  fuscus,  longiusculus,  pubescens,  capite  punctato,  basi 
truncato,  linea  frontali  integra  laevi,  thorace  confertim  punctulato,  trapezoideo, 
elytris  basi  emarginatis,  punctatis,  humeris  rotundatis,  elytrorum  basi,  antennis, 
pedibusque  testaceis.  Long.  *08. 

New  York  and  Boston.  A  pale  variety  found  on  the  Upper  Mississippi.  This 
species  very  nearly  resembles  the  last,  and  when  pale  colored,  can  only  be  dis¬ 
tinguished  by  the  want  of  the  occipital  channel ;  the  thorax  is  not  longer  than 
wide,  and  not  at  all  cylindrical  at  the  base.  The  elytra  are  a  little  longer  and 
more  parallel. 

32.  A.  nanus,  fuscus,  elongatus,  dense  pubescens,  capite  punctato,  postice 
truncato,  medio  laevi,  thorace  rufo  confertim  punctulato,  trapezoideo,  postice 
subangustato,  elytris  confertim  punctatis  apice  testaceis,  basi  rufis  truncatis, 
humeris  rotundatis,  antennis  pedibusque  testaceis.  Long.  *09 — *08. 

Lee.  An.  Lyc.  5,  156. 

San  Diego,  California.  Varies  in  color  to  pale  yellow,  without  any  fuscous 
marks.  It  is  very  closely  allied  to  the  preceding,  but  the  punctures  of  the  head 
are  larger ;  the  elytra  not  so  coarsely  but  more  densely  punctured,  and  the 
humeral  angles  are  less  rounded. 

33.  A.  b  e  1 1  u  1  u  s  ,  rufo-testaceus,  subelongatus,  pubescens,  capite  confertim 
punctato,  linea  frontali  vix  distincta,  postice  truncato,  thorace  trapezoideo, 


102  [May, 

postice  angustato,  punctulato,  elytris  basi  truncatis,  dense  punctatis,  fascia  ad 
medium  apiceque  nigris.  Long.  *07. 

Lee.  An.  Lyc.  5,  156. 

A  very  pretty  little  species  found  at  San  Diego,  on  the  sea  shore,  and  nearly 
related  to  the  preceding  four  species  ;  the  head  is  densely  and  more  finely 
punctured,  the  frontal  line  very  fine.  The  thorax  is  scarcely  as  wide  as  long, 
slightly  narrowed  behind  ;  the  basal  margin  is  indistinct.  The  elytra  are  convex, 
truncate  at  the  base,  with  the  humeral  angles  moderately  rounded.  The  punc¬ 
tures  are  denser  and  a  little  finer  than  in  A.  nanus. 

34.  A.  pubescens,  nigro-fuscus,  pube  cinerea  suberecta  hispidus,  capite 
postice  truncato,  thoraceque  subtiliter  punctatis,  hoe  quadrato,  postice  vix 
angustato,  elytris  parallelis  convexis  grosse  punctatis,  basi  truncatis.  Long.  *12. 

Ferte,  Anthic.  177. 

One  specimen,  New  York.  This  species  and  the  two  following  differ  from 
all  the  preceding,  in  the  form  of  the  elytra,  which  are  convex,  truncate  at  base, 
and  with  the  sides  straight  as  far  as  the  middle,  parallel  in  the  males,  slightly 
diverging  in  the  females,  with  the  base  each  side  of  the  scutellum  a  little 
elevated.  The  head  of  this  species  is  wider  than  the  thorax,  the  eyes  large  ; 
the  frontal  line  narrow  ;  the  occiput  impressed  ;  thorax  almost  square,  rounded 
anteriorly,  scarcely  narrowed  behind,  very  finely  and  densely  punctured.  Elytra 
twice  as  wide  as  the  thorax,  punctures  coarse,  not  dense  ;  the  feet  and  base  of 
the  antennae  are  piceous. 

35.  A.  fulvipes,  nigro-fuscus,  brevius  subtiliter  pubescens,  capite  postice 
truncato,  parcius  punctulato,  thorace  subtiliter  confertissime  punctulato,  postice 
subangustato,  elytris  parallelis,  basi  truncatis,  grosse  punctatis,  antennis  pe^i- 
busque  rufis.  Long.  *1. 

Ferte  Anthic.  177. 

Louisiana,  Mr.  Wapler.  Smaller  than  the  preceding,  with  which  it  agrees 
pefectly  in  shape,  except  that  the  thorax  is  more  distinctly  narrowed  behind. 
The  head  is  much  less  densely  punctulate,  and  the  occiput  is  not  impressed. 
The  pubescence  is  very  different,  being  fine,  short  and  not  all  erect. 

This  is  very  evidently  La  Ferte’s  species,  although  he  says  that  the  thorax 
is  not  margined  at  base.  I  fear  this  is  an  error,  as  of  all  the  American  species 
I  have  examined,  there  is  but  a  single  one,  A.  coracinus  Lee .  in  which  the 
marginal  line  is  not  to  be  discovered. 

36.  A.  corticalis,  fusco-piceus,  pube  longa  suberecta  vestitus,  capite  tho¬ 
raceque  impunctatis,  illo  postice  truncato,  hoc  trapezoideo,  postice  subangus¬ 
tato,  elytris  basi  truncatis,  parallelis,  convexis,  grosse  punctatis,  pedibus  rufis. 
Long.  *11. 

Lee.  An.  Lyc.  5,  154. 

I  found  this  species  very  abundant  at  the  junction  of  the  Colorado  and  Gila 
rivers,  under  the  bark  of  trees.  It  agrees  accurately  in  form  with  the  two  pre¬ 
ceding  species,  but  the  head  and  thorax  are  impunctured;  there  is  no  occipital 
impression ;  the  thorax  is  scarcely  longer  than  wide,  and  is  but  slightly  narrowed 
behind.  '1  he  antennae  are  fuscous,  with  the  base  testaceous. 

37.  A.  maritimus,  pallidus,  cinereo-pubescens,  capite  thoraceque  subti- 
lissime  punctulatis,  illo  truncato,  hoc  longiusculo  ovato,  elytris  subtilius  punc¬ 
tatis,  murinis,  ellipticis  convexis,  basi  emarginatis.  Long.  *09. 

Lee.  An.  Lyc.  5,  156. 

San  Diego,  under  sea-weed.  At  once  distinguished  by  the  roundness  and 
convexity  of  the  elytra,  which  have  scarcely  any  humeral  angles ;  the  frontal 
line  is  very  fine  ;  the  thorax  is  as  wide  as  the  head,  regularly  narrowed  to  the 
base,  which  is  scarcely  perceptibly  margined.  A  variety  occurs  with  the 
suture  and  base  of  the  elytra  pale.  Ferte’s  figure  of  A.  bigut  tat  us 
represents  very  well  this  insect ;  the  species  resembling  it  from  the  Atlantic 
coast  of  the  United  States  (A.  i  c  t  e  r  i  c  u  s  Ferte,)  I  have  not  yet  seen. 


1852.] 


i£  tA.\4 


103 


38.  A.  cor  acinus,  elongatus  niger,  brevissime  pubescens,  capite  subquad- 
rato,  basi  subemarginato,  thoraceque  longiusculo  postice  angustato  confertim 
punctulatis,  elytris  elongatis,  basi  truncatis,  grosse  punctatis.  Long.  ’17. 

Two  specimens  from  the  Upper  Mississippi.  This  species  differs  from  all  the 
preceding  by  the  thorax  being  perfectly  without  a  basal  margin,  even  at  the 
sides.  The  head  is  wider  than  the  thorax,  subquadrate,  posterior  angles  broadly 
rounded,  base  slightly  emarginate,  and  impressed  in  the  middle  ;  it  is  finely  and 
tolerably  densely  punctured ;  the  eyes  are  small ;  the  antennae  moderately  thick. 
The  thorax  is  longer  than  -wide,  a  little  narrowed  behind,  punctured  as  the 
head ;  anterior  constriction  distinct.  Elytra  scarcely  wider  than  the  head, 
parallel,  truncate  at  base,  strongly  and  coarsely  punctured,  base  very  slightly 
prominent  each  side ;  the  pubescence  is  scarcely  visible.  The  male  has  the 
pygidium  prominent. 

39.  A.  p aliens,  pallidus,  subtiliter  punctulatus  pubescens,  capite  parce 
granulato-punctato,  medio  laevi,  triangulari,  basi  emarginato,’thorace  transverse 
postice  valde  angustato,  elytris  convexis,  'basi  truncatis,  abdomine  nigricante. 
Long.  ’ll. 

Lee.  Agassiz’  Lake  Superior,  231. 

Shores  of  Lake  Superior.  This  and  the  next  species  differ  from  all  the 
others,  in  having  the  head  triangular,  with  the  posterior  angles  almost  acute, 
and  the  surface  granulated.  The  eyes  are  moderately  large.  The  antennae  are 
Slender  and  long ;  the  thorax  is  transverse  and  much  narrowed  behind.  The 
terminal  spurs  of  the  tibiae  are  very  distinct,  and  those  of  the  anterior  tibiae 
unequal ;  in  the  male  the  anterior  tibiae  are  slightly  sinuate  internally,  and  the 
terminal  spur  more  prominent. 

40.  A.  granularis,  nigro-piceus,  pubescens,  capite  thoraceque  confertim 
granulatis,  illo  triangulari  basi  emarginato,  hoc  transverso,  postice  valde  angus¬ 
tato,  elytris  basi  valde  truncatis  confertim  punctatis,  apice  testaceis,  antennis 
tibiis  tarsisque  testaceis.  Long.  *13. 

Lee.  Agassiz’  Lake  Superior,  231. 

Lake  Superior,  abundant.  Varies  in  color  :  a.  elytra  testaceous,  with  a  broad 
black  band  ;  (Z.  testaceous,  band  of  the  elytra  and  abdomen  black  ;  y.  testaceous, 
elytra  with  an  indistinct  fuscous  spot  at  the  middle.  The  sexual  marks  as  in 
the  preceding,  with  which  this  species  agrees  in  form.  Both  species  vary  in 
having  the  thorax  sometimes  obsoletely  channeled. 

Species  unknown  to  me : 

A.  exilis  Ferte,  Anth.  121. 

A.  ictericus  Ferte,  Anth.  149. 

A.  laetus  Ferte,  Anth.  157. 

A.  melancholicus  Ferte,  Anth.  174. 

A.  pusillus  Ferte  Anth.  178. 

A.  squamosus  Ferte,  216. 

A.  lugubris  Ferte,  217. 

A.  pallidus  Say,  Jour.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  5,  245 ;  Ferte,  275. 

A.  impressipennis  Ferte,  300. 

A.  texanus  Ferte,  301. 


Tanarthrus  Lee. 

This  genus  was  founded  by  me  in  the  5th  volume  of  the  Annals  of  the  Lyceum 
of  Natural  History,  upon  a  very  singular  insect  having  the  appearance  of  a 
Zuphium.  More  careful  examination  has  convinced  me  that  my  Anthicus  alu- 
taceus,  described  in  the  same  place,  must  also  be  referred  to  this  new  genus ; 
the  mould  on  the  specimens  having  prevented  me  at  that  time  from  seeing  the 
generic  characters.  The  following  characters  will  separate  this  genus  : 

Antennae  in  frontem  insertae,  sub-12-articulatae,  articulo  llmo  elongato,  quasi 
diviso,  intermediis  turbinatis.  Tarsi  articulis  cylindricis,  4to  minore  non  bilobato ; 
elytra  depressa,  apice  truncata,  abdomine  breviora ;  corpus  depressum,  capite 


104  [June, 

magno,  oculis  parvis,  palpis  articulo  ultimo  triangulari,  angusto,  tibiis  omnibus 
apice  longius  bicalcaratis. 

1.  T.  salinus,  depressus  rufo-testaceus,  tenuiter  cinereo-pubescens,  subti- 
liter  punctulatus,  capite  thoraceque  nitidis,  lllo  magno  basi  emarginato,  anten- 
narum  articulo  ultimo  praecedentes  quatuor  aequante.  Long.  *21. 

Lee.  An.  Lyc.  5,  156. 

This  curious  insect  was  found  on  the  shore  of  a  salt  lake  in  the  northern  part 
of  the  great  Colorado  desert.  It  runs  very  actively  and  frequently  takes  flight, 
like  Cicindela  or  Bembidium. 

.Reddish  brown,  with  very  fine  cinereous  hair.  Head  flat,  quadrate,  shining, 
finely  punctured,  posterior  angles  rounded,  occiput  channeled,  margin  almost 
acute.  Thorax  narrower  than  the  head,  a  little  longer  than  wide,  trapezoidal, 
slightly  narrowed  behind,  base  finely  margined,  slightly  foveate  in  the  middle ; 
disc  flat,  finely  punctured ;  elytra  not  wider  than  the  head,  parallel,  truncate  at 
base  and  tip,  opaque,  very  finely  and  densely  punctured,  dusky  towards  the 
base.  Legs  long,  moderately  slender ;  posterior  tarsi  nearly  as  long  as  the 
tibiae.  The  male  has  the  anterior  tarsi  a  little  dilated. 

2.  T.  alutaceus,  elongatus,  fere  depressus,  niger,  subtilissime  alutaceus, 
brevissime  pubescens,  capite  postice  subtruncato,  thoraceque  punctulatis,  elytris 
obsolete  punctulatis,  antennis  testaceis  articulo  ultimo  praecedentes  duos 
aequante.  Long.  *1. 

Anthicus  alutaceus  Lee.  An.  Lyc.  5,  155. 

Found  at  San  Diego,  California.  A  much  smaller  specimen,  with  the  head 
more  rounded  behind,  was  found  at  the  Gila. 

Elongate,  almost  depressed,  black,  opaque,  scarcely  pubescent.  Head  large, 
slightly  convex,  finely  punctured,  base  truncate,  with  the  margin  not  acute, 
posterior  angles  broadly  rounded.  Thorax  narrower  than  the  head,  trapezoidal, 
narrowed  behind,  base  margined  ;  finely  punctured.  Elytra  scarcely  wider  than 
the  head,  truncate  at  base  and  tip,  very  finely  rugous,  and  very  obsoletely  punc¬ 
tured.  Posterior  tarsi  shorter  than  the  tibiae.  The  last  joint  of  the  antennae  is 
here  only  twice  as  long  as  the  preceding,  and  the  constriction  is  at  its  middle, 
so  that  it  appears  like  two  ordinary  joints.  It  was  not  until  I  removed  the 
mould  very  carefully,  and  counted  the  joints,  that  I  became  aware  of  the  aflinity 
with  the  first  species. 


The  Committee  on  the  following  by  Dr.  Woodhouse,  reported  in 
favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings  : 

Description  of  a  new  species  of  Ectopistes. 

By  S.  W.  Woodhouse,  M.  D. 

Ectopistes  marginella ,  nobis. 

Form. — Bill  short  and  slender,  wings  long  and  pointed,  second  quill  distinctly 
longest,  its  general  form  resembling  E.  Carolinensis,  but  much  more  delicate. 

Dimensions. — From  tip  of  bill  to  end  of  tail,  total  length  of  skin  9  3-lOths 
inches  ;  wing  from  flexure  5  4-lOths  inches  ;  tarsus  7^-10ths;  bill  total  length 
6-10ths,  from  gap  7-10ths;  tail  4  inches. 

Color. — Bill  dark  brown ;  upper  surface  of  the  head  brown,  mottled  with 
black  and  light  brown  ;  head,  front  of  neck,  back,  and  upper  tail  coverts,  of  a 
lightish  brown ;  a  brownish  white  band  extends  from  each  eye  across  the  fore¬ 
head  ;  one  reddish  brown  from  the  anterior  part  of  the  orbit  to  the  back  of  the 
head ;  throat  very  light  brown  inclining  to  white  :  the  feathers  of  the  lower 
portion  of  the  throat  are  black,  with  a  light  brown  margin,  giving  the  appear¬ 
ance  of  circular  bands  of  black  and  white ;  breast,  belly,  vent  and  under  tail 
coverts  light  fawn ;  sides  lead  color ;  primaries  dark  brown ;  the  first,  second 


1852.] 


105 


and  third  quills  have  a  white  line  extending  along  their  ou^r  edge ;  secondaries 
are  rather  lighter,  and  have  a  light  brown  margin, — on  their  upper  surface  they 
are  reddish  brown ;  tertiary  feathers  and  wing  coverts  reddish  brown,  with  a 
light  margin,  and  on  their  outer  edge  an  elongated  black  spot ;  tail  consists  of 
fourteen  feathers,  the  two  central  of  which  are  dark  brown;  the  four  lateral 
feathers  are  black  near  their  extremity  and  white  at  tip ;  and  the  six  lateral 
have  the  black,  but  are  light  brown  at  tip  ;  tarsus  and  feet  light  red. 

Habitation. — Cross  Timbers. 

Observations. — 'This  specimen  somewhat  resembles  the  E.  Carolinensis,  but  on 
examination  proves  to  be  totally  different.  I  procured  it  in  the  cross  timbers  on 
the  North  Fork  of  the  Canadian,  on  the  6th  of  September,  1850,  whilst  attached 
to  the  Creek  boundary  survey  as  surgeon  and  naturalist,  under  the  command  of 
Lieut.  J.  C.  Woodruff,  Topographical  Engineers,  U.  S.  Army.  I  saw  several  of 
them  feeding  on  the  ground,  and  was  immediately  struck  with  their  size,  being 
so  much  smaller  than  our  common  dove.  I  was  unable,  however,  to  procure 
but  one  specimen,  and  this  on  dissection  proved  to  be  a  male. 


The  Committee  on  Mr.  Lea’s  communication  entitled,  i(  Description 
of  a  fossil  Saurian  of  the  New  Red  Sandstone  of  Pennsylvania,  &c.  \  ” 
and  u  On  some  new  fossil  Molluscs  from  the  Carboniferous  Slates  of  the 
Wilkesbarre  Coal  Formation,”  reported  in  favor  of  publication  in  the 
Journal. 

The  Report  of  the  Corresponding  Secretary,  for  February,  March  and 
April,  was  read  and  adopted. 

Dr.  Rand  offered  the  following,  which  was  adopted : 

Resolved ,  That  Members  of  the  State  Medical  Society,  now  in  session 
in  Philadelphia,  be  invited  to  visit  the  Museum  of  the  Academy  on  the 
afternoons  of  this  week,  between  the  hours  of  3  and  6  o’clock. 

On  leave  granted  Mr.  Lea  made  a  few  observations  on  a  cast  of  the 
impressions  of  Sauropus  primaevus  Leaf  found  in  the  Red  Sandstone 
of  Pottsville,  Pennsylvania. 

ELECTION. 

Mr.  Edward  S.  Buckley,  and  Mr.  Thomas  F.  Seal,  of  Philadelphia, 
were  elected  Members  of  the  Academy. 


June  1  st. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

A  letter  was  read  from  the  Librarian  of  the  British  Museum,  dated 
London,  1st  May,  1852,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  late  numbers  of 
the  Proceedings. 

Also  one  from  Prof.  A.  D.  Bache,  Superintendent  of  the  U.  S.  Coast 
Survey,  dated  Washington,  April  6th,  1852,  accompanying  the  donation 
of  Charts  announced  this  evening. 

Also  from  the  Rev.  M.  A.  Curtis,  dated  Society  Hill,  (S.  C.)  May 
24th,  1852,  accompanying  the  donation  of  plants  from  Syria,  Egypt, 
&c.,  announced  this  evening. 

Mr.  Lea  read  a  paper  entitled,  “  Description  of  a  new  species  of  Es- 


106 


[June, 

chara,  from  the  Eqpene  of  Alabama,”  which  being  intended  for  publica¬ 
tion  in  the  Proceedings,  was  referred  to  Dr.  Rand,  Mr.  Charles  E.  Smith 
and  Dr.  Ruschenberger. 

Dr.  Woodhouse  presented  a  paper,  intended  for  publication,  describing 
a  new  species  of  Sciurus ;  which  was  referred  to  a  Committee  consisting 
of  Dr.  Watson,  Dr.  Leidy  and  Major  LeConte. 

Mr.  Lea  called  attention  to  the  stone  slab  containing  supposed  im¬ 
prints  of  human  feet,  deposited  by  him  this  evening.  This  slab  is  from 
the  limestone  formation  immediately  underlying  the  coal  near  Alton, 
Illinois.  The  impressions  have  evidently  been  sculptured,  and  bear  the 
marks  of  some  blunt  instrument  with  which  they  have  been  executed. 
Mr.  Lea  observed  that  these  are  not  the  first  instances  of  this  kind, 
which  have  been  noticed,  and  referred  to  a  description  of  a  similar  slab 
published  in  Silliman’s  Journal  several  years  since. 

Dr.  Owen  stated  that  the  slab  of  limestone  alluded  to  by  Mr.  Lea  as  found 
on  the  Mississippi  near  St.  Louis,  is  the  same  which  is  now  preserved  in  his 
(Dr.  Owen’s)  collection,  and  the  one  on  which  two  articles  have  appeared  in 
Silliman’s  Journal ;  one  by  Mr.  Schoolcraft  and  one  by  himself.  At  the  con¬ 
clusion  of  this  latter  article,  entitled  <c  Human  footprints  in  solid  limestone,”  it 
was  given  as  his  opinion  that  these  feetmarks  were  carved  on  the  rock  by  the 
aborigines. 

Since  that  article  appeared,  Dr.  Owen  had  obtained  the  most  satisfactory  cor¬ 
roboration  of  this  inference  in  two  large  slabs  of  magnesian  limestone,  of  lower 
Silurian  date,  obtained  at  Moccasin-track  Prairie,  in  Missouri,  which  slabs  con¬ 
tained  a  great  many  carvings  of  human  feet,  as  well  as  those  of  animals,  and 
rude  imitations  of  the  human  figure,  something  like  figures  made  in  gingerbread. 
The  footmarks  bear  indubitable  tool  marks,  and  some  are  deficient  in  the  true 
number  of  toes,  while,  in  others,  the  foot  is  distorted,  with  the  little  toe  stand¬ 
ing  out  almost  at  right  angles. 

These  specimens,  as  well  as  that  of  Mr.  Lea,  show  clearly  that  the  aborigines 
of  Missouri  had  the  same  propensity  for  carving  the  imprint  of  feet,  as  the 
Southern  and  Western  aborigines  of  this  continent  had  for  representing  the 
hand  on  the  walls  of  the  ancient  edifices,  and  in  other  situations. 

Any  one  acquainted  with  Indians  knows  that  there  is  no  subject  which  they 
study  more  closely  than  all  kinds  of  tracks  :  in  fact  their  life,  their  maintenance 
and  the  whole  security  of  the  savage  depends  on  an  intimate  and  cunning  know¬ 
ledge  of  podology. 

Dr.  Owen  intends  giving,  at  some  future  time,  a  more  detailed  description  of 
these  slabs  of  magnesian  limestone  from  Moccasin-track  Prairie,  which  are, 
probably,  the  most  interesting  specimens  of  the  kind  ever  yet  discovered. 

Mr.  Lea  exhibited  specimens  of  shells  from  the  drift  on  the  line  of 
the  Columbia  Railroad,  about  three  miles  from  Philadelphia.  These 
are  the  first  organic  remains  of  this  kind  found  in  this  vicinity.  Mr. 
Lea  believed  them  to  have  been  unquestionably  derived  from  the  forma¬ 
tion  No.  2  of  the  Pennsylvania  Survey.  Although  much  mutilated, 
they  can  be  classified. 

Dr.  Leidy  called  attention  to  a  fossil  tooth  of  Tapir  presented  by  Dr. 
Hays.  This  is  the  only  portion  of  the  animal  known.  He  proposed  for 
it  the  name  of  Tapirus  Haysii. 


1852.] 


107 


June  8 th. 

Vice  President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

Dr.  LeConte  presented  for  publication  in  the  Journal,  a  paper  entitled 
“  Synopsis  of  the  species  of  Pterosticus  Bon.,  and  allied  genera  inhabit¬ 
ing  temperate  North  America,”  which  was  referred  to  a  Committee  con* 
sisting  of  Dr.  Hallowell,  Dr.  Leidy  and  Mr.  Kilvington. 

June  15  th. 

Major  John  LeConte  in  the  Chair. 

A  letter  was  read  from  the  Secretary  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution, 
dated  Washington,  June  9th,  1852,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  late 
numbers  of  the  Proceedings  of  the  Academy. 

Dr.  Charles  M.  Wetherill  read  a  paper  entitled  u  Chemical  investi¬ 
gation  of  the  Mexican  Honey  Ant,”  which  being  intended  for  publica¬ 
tion  in  the  Proceedings,  was  referred  to  a  Committee  consisting  of  Dr. 
Leidy,  Dr.  Genth  and  Dr.  LeConte. 


June  22 d. 

Vice  President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

A  letter  was  read  from  the  Geological  Society  of  London,  dated  1st 
May,  1852,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  the  Journal  and  Proceedings. 

Also  letters  from  the  Trustees  of  New  York  State  Library,  dated 
Albany,  June  15,  1852,  and  from  the  Corresponding  Secretary  of  the 
Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  dated  Boston,  June  16,  1852,  severally 
acknowledging  the  receipt  of  late  numbers  of  the  Proceedings. 

Also  a  letter  from  the  Librarian  of  the  American  Academy,  asking 
for  certain  numbers  of  the  Proceedings,  to  complete  the  series  of  the 
same  in  that  Institution, 

Dr.  Genth  read  a  paper  u  On  some  Minerals  which  accompany  Gold 
in  California  •”  and  a  second  paper  entitled  “  On  Strontiano-Calcite,  a 
new  mineral both  of  which  were  referred  to  a  Committee  consisting  of 
Dr.  LeConte,  Dr.  Wetherill  and  Mr.  Ashmead. 

Mr.  Cassin  asked  the  attention  of  the  Academy  to  the  collection  of  Birds 
presented  by  E.  K.  Kane,  M.D.,  of  the  United  States  Navy,  late  Surgeon  to 
Grinnell’s  Expedition  in  search  of  Sir  John  Franklin,  and  collected  by  him 
during  the  absence  of  the  Expedition  in  the  Arctic  regions. 

Nearly  all  of  the  specimens  are  unusually  valuable  and  interesting  on  account 
of  their  representing  species  in  much  more  mature  plumage  than  is  commonly 
seen  either  in  Museums  or  in  recent  specimens  obtained  so  far  south  as  Phila¬ 
delphia.  This  circumstance  is  of  course  readily  accounted  for,  as  all  the 
species  in  the  collection  are  only  to  be  met  with  while  in  summer  plumage  in 
the  remote  regions  visited  by  the  Expedition,  and  their  interesting  character 
may  be  inferred  from  that  fact. 

Mr.  C.  regarded  the  specimens  of  the  Brant  (Bernicla  brenta,  Pallas)  and  of 
the  Ivory  Gull  (Larus  eburneus,  Phipps)  as  of  especial  interest. 


108 


[June, 


June  29 th. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 


The  Committee  on  Dr.  Owen’s  paper  on  a  new  Mineral 
nia,  reported  in  favor  of  publication  : 


from  Califor- 


Notice  of  a  New  Mineral  from  California. 

By  D.  D»  Owen,  M.  D. 

Mr.  Henry  Pratten,  one  of  my  assistants  in  the  geological  surveys  in  the 
North  West  in  1848  and  1849,  went  to  California  in  the  spring  of  1850,  and 
returned  last  February.  Being  interested  in  mineralogy  and  geology,  he  made 
observations  in  these  departments  of  science,  both  on  his  way  out  and  during  the 
time  he  remained  there. 

The  mineral  in  question  he  obtained  at  a  locality  known  as  the  Wisconsin 
and  Illinois  claim,  near  Nevada  City,  at  which  place  he  resided  most  of  the 
time  he  remained  in  California. 

At  the  time  he  collected  this  mineral  it  struck  him  as  something  remarkable 
and  different  from  anything  he  had  previously  observed ;  and  he  made  at  the 
time  some  experiments  on  its  blowpipe  reactions,  without  being  able  positively 
to  decide  what  it  might  be. 

He  then  first  submitted  it  to  a  distinguished  mineralogist,  who  referred  it  to 
the  species  Karpholite. 

In  comparing  its  blowpipe  reactions  with  that  mineral,  Mr.  Pratten  doubted 
the  correctness  of  the  conclusion  that  it  belonged  to  the  species  Karpholite,  and 
so  did  Dr.  Norwood,  who  also  examined  its  blowpipe  reactions  ;  and  they  came 
to  the  conclusion  that  its  indications  before  the  blowpipe  resembled  more  those 
of  Molybdic  acid. 

When  I  returned  home  last  March,  Mr.  Pratten  submitted  it  to  me  and  I  made 
a  qualitative  examination  of  the  mineral  in  the  humid  way,  and  ascertained, 
from  the  reactions  of  the  solution  of  the  mineral  with  sulphuretted  hydrogen, 
iodide  of  potassium,  and  ferro-cyanide  of  potassium,  that  the  principal  consti¬ 
tuents  were  molybdenum  and  iron. 

I  found,  moreover,  that  it  was  easily  acted  on  by  liquid  ammonia,  the  molyb¬ 
denum  being  dissolved,  while  oxide  of  iron  was  set  free  in  brownish  red  flocks. 

These  chemical  reactions  proved  that  though  the  mineral  resembles  Karpho¬ 
lite  in  the  yellow  color  of  its  fibrous,  acicular,  tufted  crystals,  it  is  quite 
different  in  its  chemical  constitution. 

I  made,  also,  an  approximate  quantitative  analysis  on  a  centigramme  of  the 
mineral,  which  was  all  that  could  be  spared  at  that  time,  by  solution  in  liquid 
ammonia ;  collecting  the  precipitated  iron  on  a  filter,  washing  and  weighing  it 
after  ignition.  The  molybdenum  was  then  separated  by  sulphuretted  hydrogen. 

The  solution  freed  from  molybdenum  was  evaporated  with  addition  of  hydro¬ 
chloric  acid  to  free  the  solution  of  HS ;  after  filtration  it  was  evaporated  to 
dryness  and  ignited,  and  the  small  percentage  of  alkali  and  magnesia  weighed 
together ;  the  magnesia,  after  being  separated  by  peroxide  of  mercury,  was 
Weighed  by  itself. 

The  result  of  the  analysis  gave  : 

H=Water  .....  15 


Mo  (?)  Molybdic  acid  (?)  . 

F*e  Peroxide  of  iron 
Alkali  . 

Mg — Magnesia 

That  the  molybdenum  exists 
probable  from  the  fact  of  liquid 


.  40  compound  of  molybdenum  and  oxygen 

.  35 
.  9 

.  2 

in  this  mineral  as  molybdic  acid  is  altogether 
ammonia  acting  on  it  so  readily. 


1852.] 


109 


The  constituents  of  Karpholite,  by  two  analyses — one  by  Stromeyer  and  one 
by  Steinman,  as  recorded  in  Dana’s  Mineralogy,  are  : 


Si— Silica 

By  Stromeyer. 

.  36-15 

By  Steinman. 
.  37-53 

A1 — Alumina  . 

.  28-67 

.  26-47 

Mn — Oxide  of  Manganese 

.  19-16 

.  18.33 

Fe  “  Iron 

,  2-29 

.  Fe  6-27 

H  Water 

.  10-78 

.  .  11-86 

HF — Hydrofluoric  acid 

.  1-47 

Karpholite  is  therefore  essentially  a  hydrated  silicate  of  alumina  and  manga¬ 
nese,  and  entirely  different  in  its  composition  from  the  mineral  in  question. 

Before  the  blowpipe  this  mineral  fuses  readily,  and  a  sublimate  is  formed, 
which,  if  the  mineral  is  supported  on  its  quartz  matrix,  forms  a  bluish  ring  on 
the  quartz ;  and  a  brilliant  yellow  color  is  imparted  to  the  flame.  With  mic. 
salt,  in  the  interior  flame,  it  forms  a  green  bead. 

In  its  easy  fusibility  and  in  the  production  of  this  curious  bluish  ring,  con¬ 
densed  on  the  quartz  around  the  fragment  exposed  to  the  blowpipe  flame,  this 
mineral  is  readily  distinguished  by  the  blowpipe  from  Karpholite,  which  fuses 
with  difficulty,  and  forms  no  such  ring. 

In  the  works  on  mineralogy,  there  is  a  meagre  notice  given  of  an  ore  of  molyb¬ 
denum,  under  the  name  of  molybdic  ochre  or  oxide  of  molybdenum,  which  occurs 
in  powdery  incrustations  of  various  shades  of  yellow,  and  is  in  fact  molybdic  acid, 
being  composed  of  molybdenum  63-66,  and  oxygen  33-39  (Mo.) ;  but  as  this 
mineral  contains  no  iron,  is  produced  from  the  decomposition  of  the  sulphuret  of 
molybdenum,  and  has  never  been  found  in  the  fine  delicate  tufted  acicular  crys¬ 
talline  form,  it  is  probably  not  the  same  as  this  California  mineral. 

I  have  not  yet  had  a  sufficient  supply  of  the  ore  to  ascertain  the  proportion  of 
oxygen  united  with  the  molybdenum  in  this  mineral,  but  I  am  led  to  believe 
that  it  exists  in  the  state  of  molybdic  acid,  from  the  fact  of  ammonia  acting  on 
it  so  readily.  I  think,  moreover,  that  the  molybdic  acid  is  combined  w7ith  the 
iron,  for  the  pure  rich  yellow  color  of  the  mineral  forbids  the  idea  of  the  iron 
being  only  mechanically  mixed  ;  and  besides  the  iron  is  very  nearly  in  the  pro¬ 
portion  to  form  a  subsalt :  hence  I  infer  that  this  mineral  must  be  a  submolybdate 
of  iron. 


The  Committee  to  which  was  referred  the  following  by  Mr.  Lea, 
reported  in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings  : 


Description  of  a  new  species  of  Eschara ,  from  the  Eocene  of  Alabama. 

By  Isaac  Lea. 


Many  years  since  I  received  fr< 
number  of  fossils  from  the  Eocene 
beds  of  that  district,  and  among 
the  sand  was  found  a  fragment  of 
this  interesting  genus.  I  did  not 
then  characterise  it,  in  the  hope  of 
getting  a  more  perfect  specimen. 
I  have  not,  however,  seen  any 
other  but  this  fragment. 

There  have  been  a  number  of  spe¬ 
cies  described  by  Mr.  Lonsdale,  in 
the  Journal  of  the  Geological  Socie¬ 
ty,  vol.  i.,  from  the  Tertiary  of  the 
IL  S.  These  were  taken  by  SirC. 
Lyell  to  London,  on  his  return  from 
one  of  his  tours  to  this  country. 
The  species  which  I  propose  to 
characterise,  differs  in  its  form 


the  late  Judge  Tait  of  Claiborne,  a  large 


110 


[June, 


very  strikingly  from  the  figures 
and  descriptions  of  Mr.  Lonsdale. 
In  Michelin’s  Iconographie,  plates 
78  and  79,  there  is  a  species  figured 
from  Claiborne,  which  resembles 
this,  but  is  not  the  same.  In  the 
cuts  annexed  fig.  1  represents  a 
highly  magnified  view  of  the  ex¬ 
ternal  surface,  with  its  foramina 
and  numerous  indented  points. 
Fig.  2  represents  the  dorsal  sur¬ 
face  ;  and  fig.  3  represents  the 
size  of  the  specimen,  with  its  na¬ 
tural  appearance. 

Eschar  a  Claibornensis. — Folia- 
ceous ;  cells  ovate,  constricted 
^  near  the  middle,  boundary  slightly 

raised,  thickened  and  smooth,  mouth  rounded  at  both  ends  and  larger  at  the 
upper  one  ;  a  small  round  foramen  at  the  lower  end  of  each  larger  foramen ; 
surface  between  the  foramina  with  numerous  irregular  pits  ;  dorsal  separation 
of  opposed  layers  perfect,  vesicle  rather  large,  oblong,  with  the  angles  rounded. 


The  Committee  on  a  paper  by  Dr.  Woodhouse,  describing  a  new 
species  of  Sciurus,  reported  in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings. 


Description  of  a  New  Species  of  Sciurus. 
By  S.  W.  Woodhouse,  M.  D. 


Sciurus  dorsalis,  nobis. 

Description. — Ears  large  and  broad,  tufted  with  long  black  gray  hairs.  General 
color  above  dark  gray,  with  the  exception  of  the  dorsal  line  and  a  band  extend¬ 
ing  along  the  external  base  or  hind  part  of  the  ear,  which  is  of  a  rich  ferruginous 
brown  color;  beneath  white,  with  the  exception  of  the  perineum,  which  is 
gray  ;  cheeks  grayish  white ;  tail  very  large  and  broad,  gray  above,  with  a  broad 
white  margin,  and  white  beneath. 

Fur  long,  compact  and  soft;  claws  long,  very  strong  and  much  curved,  of  a 
black  color,  with  the  exception  of  their  points  which  are  light  and  almost  trans¬ 
parent  ;  whiskers  very  long  and  black  ;  iris  dark  brown. 

Dimensions  of  Dried  Skin, 

Length  from  nose  to  root  of  tail,  about 
From  heel  to  point  of  longest  nail, 

Height  of  ears  externally, . 

(C  ci  to  end  of  hair,  . 

Breadth  of  ear, . 

From  ear  to  point  of  nose,  about  .... 

Tail  vertebrae,  about  ...... 

“  to  end  of  fur,  about . 


Inches. 

13 

2  8-10ths. 

1  3-10ths. 

2  8-10ths. 
1 

1  7-10ths. 
8 
11 


Remarks. — This  beautiful  squirrel  I  procured  whilst  attached  to  the  expedition 
under  the  command  of  Capt.  L.  Sitgreaves,  Topographical  Engineer  U.  S.  Army, 
exploring  the  Zuni  and  the  Great  and  Little  Colorado  rivers  of  the  West,  in  the 
month  of  October,  1851,  in  the  San  Francisco  Mountain,  New  Mexico,  where  I 
found  it  quite  abundant,  after  leaving  which,  I  did  not  see  it  again.  On  thereceipt 
of  my  New  Mexican  collections  (which  contain  some  fine  specimens,  with  their 
crania,)  I  will  give  a  fuller  description. 


1852.] 


Ill 


The  Committe6  on  the  following  communication  from  Dr.  C.  M. 
Wetherill,  reported  lit  favor  of  .publication  : 

Chemical  Investigation  of  the  Mexican  Honey  Ant. 

By  Charles  M.  Wetherill,  Ph.  D. 

Several  of  these  curious  insects,  described  in  a  late  number  of  the  Proceedings, 
were  handed  to  me  some  time  since  by  Dr.  Leidy,  with  the  request  that  I  would 
make  a  chemical  examination  of  them.  I  was  fearful  at  the  time,  from  the 
scarcity  of  material,  and  from  the  endosmosis  and  exosmosis  that  had  apparently 
taken  place,  (as  the  ants  had  been  preserved  for  some  time  in  alcohol,)  that  I 
could  not  arrive  at  satisfactory  conclusions.  The  difficulties  were  not,  however, 
as  great  as  anticipated.  The  following  are  the  results  of  my  experiments. 

The  ants  were  filled  with  a  varying  quantity  of  the  honey;  in  some  the 
abdomen  was  distended,  in  others  quite  flaccid.  The  liquid  also  varied; 
in  some  being  of  light  amber  color,  and  in  others  deeper  in  hue.  Six  of 
the  average  sjzed  insects  weighed  2.6533  grammes,  their  bodies  weighed 
0.288  gr.  The  honey,  consequently,  of  the  six  ants  weighed  2.3653  grammes, 
and  the  average  quantity  of  honey  in  a  single  ant  0.3942  gr.  Since  the  average 
weight  of  a  single  ant  is  0.048,  it  follows  that  the  honey  which  an  average  one  of 
these  ants  contains  is  8.2  times  greater  than  the  weight  of  its  body.  The  density 
of  the  ants,  when  filled  with  honey,  and  that  of  their  bodies,  was  ascertained  by 
weighing  in  alcohol  of  density  0.8309,  and  reducing  to  water  as  unity. 

The  following  are  the  data : — 

2*6533  grammes  of  the  ants,  with  their  honey,  weighed  in  alcohol  0.9310  ;  and 
of  the  bodies  without  the  honey  0.288  weighed  0.061  in  alcohol. 

From  which  the  density  is  calculated,  for  the  ants  filled  with  honey  at  1.28, 
and  for  the  bodies  alone  1.05. 

The  syrup  extracted  from  the  ant  had  an  agreeable  sweet  taste,  the  odor  very 
much  resembling  that  of  the  syrup  of  squills.  It  reacted  slightly  acid  to  blue 
litmus  paper.  When  evaporated  by  the  heat  of  steam,  it  dried  to  a  gummy  mass, 
which  did  not  exhibit  traces  of  crystallization  after  standing  for  a  couple  of  weeks. 
It  was  very  hygroscopic,  becoming  quickly  soft  from  the  absorption  of  water 
from  the  atmosphere. 

The  sugar  dried,  as  stated,  by  steam  heat,  dissolved  without  residue  in  ordi¬ 
nary  alcohol,  leaving  a  residue  in  nearly  absolute  alcohol.  This  residue  dis¬ 
solved  in  ordinary  alcohol  completely.  The  alcoholic  solutions  were  all  set 
aside,  for  several  days,  for  crystallization,  with  negative  results.  These  alco¬ 
holic  solutions  had  exactly  the  smell  of  the  perfumed  bay  rum.  I  call  attention 
to  these  peculiar  odors,  as  perhaps  capable,  with  additional  evidence,  of  throwing 
some  light  upon  the  origin  of  the  honey. 

When  exposed  for  some  time  in  vacuo  over  sulphuric  acid,  the  syrup  dries  up 
to  a  transparent  gum-like  mass,  but  without  any  signs  of  crystallization  during 
the  process.  2.1065  of  the  syrup,  after  standing  thus  in  vacuo  for  about  two 
weeks,  weighed  1.4425,  equal  to  a  per  centage  of  68.478,  sugar  in  the  syrup. 
When  thus  dried  it  had  the  rich  sugar  smell  of  candy  made  by  heating  sugar  and 
butter  together. 

Some  of  the  honey  was  set  aside  for  crystallization  as  removed  from  the  insect. 
After  many  days  it  was  examined,  but  no  traces  of  crystallization  could  be 
observed,  either  with  the  naked  eye  or  with  the  microscope.  Some  of  the  honey 
was  examined  alone,  under  the  microscope  with  high  powers;  no  crystals  wrere 
observed,  but  here  apd  there  fragments  of  organic  tissue.  Examined  by  polarized 
light,  some  of  these  stood  out  in  bright  relief  against  the  dark  ground  of  the  field, 
and  were  at  first  mistaken  for  fragments  of  crystals,  until  a  capillary  like  tube 
was  observed,  which  resembled  these  fragments,  and  which  changed  its  color  by 
the  rotation  of  the  polarization’s  plane. 

No  change  could  be  observed  after  touching  the  drop  under  the  microscope  with 
a  drop  of  solution  or  tincture  of  iodine. 

17 


112  [June, 

A  drop  of  the  honey,  in  a  watch  glass,  blackened  when  exposed  to  a  steam  heat 
with  dilute  sulphuric  acid. 

When  heated  with  the  blue  solution  obtained -by  adding  tartaric  acid  or  solu¬ 
tion  of  potassa  to  sulphate  of  copper,  a  red  precipitate  of  the  suboxide  of  copper 
fell. 

Chloride  of  barium,  ferrocyanide  of  potassium,  and  sulphate  of  copper,  added 
to  an  aqueous  solution  of  the  honey,  gave  no  precipitates,  either  in  the  cold  or 
by  heat. 

Nitrate  of  silver  gave  in  the  cold  a  whitish  precipitate,  which  changed  to  dark 
brown  by  heating. 

A  portion  of  the  honey  heated  on  platinum  foil- blackened,  gave  out  fumes,  and 
the  odor  of  burnt  sugar,  leaving  a  porous  coke,  which  burned  off  and  left  an  al¬ 
most  imperceptible  ash. 

A  portion  of  the  substance  which  had  been  left  in  vacuo  for  two  weeks  was 
taken  for  analysis  by  combustion  with  oxide  of  copper  and  chlorate  of  potassa. 

As  the  honey  thus  dried  was  not  perfectly  hard,  but  of  a  sticky  nature,  it  vras 
necessary  to  introduce  it  into  the  combustion  tube  upon  a  piece  of  glass.  0.497 
of  honey  gave  0.306  of  water,’  and  0.684  of  carbonic  acid,  corresponding  to  a  per 
centage  of  C  =  37.525  and  H  =  6.841  0  by  loss  =  55.634.  This  corresponds,  as 
nearly  as  could  be  expected,  under  the  circumstances  of  the  analysis,  with  the 
formula  of  crystallized  grape  sugar  C12  Hm  Ou  as  may  be  seen  by  the  following 


comparison  : 

By  Calculation. 

l*V  •  ‘  1 ' 

By  Analysis. 

Anal.  Starch  Sugar  by 

De  Saussure. 

C12  36.363 

37.525 

37.29 

H14  •  7.071 

6.841 

6.84 

O14  56.566. 

55.634 

55.87 

100.000 

'  v 

100.000 

_ 

100.00 

The  following  analysis  may  be  compared  with  my  results 

:  1.  Diabetic  sugar 

by  Peligot.  2.  Sugar  of  grape,  by  De 

Saussure.  3.  Cane 

sugar,  by  Liebig. 

4.  Sugar  of  honey,  by  Prout. 

I. 

II. 

III. 

IV. 

C.  36.7 

36.71 

42.30 

36.36 

H  7t3 

6.78 

6.45 

^  ^  63.64 

O  56.0 

56.51 

51.50 

100.0 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

It  results,  I  think,  from  these  experiments  that  the  honey  contained  in  the 
Mexican  ant  is  a  nearly  pure  solution  of  the  sugar,  so  called,  of  fruits  whieh  is  in 
a  state  of  hydration,  isomeric  with  grape  sugar,  Ci2  H14  Ou,  and  differing  from 
grape  sugar  in  not  crystallizing.  The  phenomena  of  circular  polarization  differ 
in  these  two  named  sugars ;  but  the  want  of  sufficient  material  rendered  such 
comparison  impossible.  The  honey  of  bees  is  a  mixture  of  these  two  kinds  of 
sugar  ;  and  as  it  is  obtained  from  the  pectar  of  flowers  containing  cane  sugar,  the 
transformation  into  fruit  and  grape  sugars  must  take  place  in  their  bodies.*  As 
the  ant  honey  yields,  among  its  reactions,  one  of  cane  sugar,  viz:  that  of  black¬ 
ening  when  heated  with  dilute  sulphuric  acid,  it  is  possible  that  it  may  contain 
an  admixture  of  cane  sugar,  which  would  account  for  the  imperfect  correspond¬ 
ence  of  the  analysis  with  the  per  centage  calculated  from  the  formula.  It  renders 
also  the  supposition  plausible,  that  these  ants  obtain  their  honey  from  the  same 
source  as  the  bee. 

With  regard  to  the  acidity  of  the  honey,  want  of  material  prevented  any  expe¬ 
riments.  Can  it  be  formic  acid,  or  is  it  acetic  from  the  oxidation  of  the  alcohol 
in  which  the  ants  were  preserved  { 


'Loewig-Chem.  der  Org.  Verbindungen. 


1852.] 


113 


A  portion  of  the  alcohol  (reacting  acid  like  the  honey)  neutralized  by  caustic 
potassa,  then  distilled  with  sulphuric  acid,  gave  an  aqueous  acid  liquid,  which,  on 
addition  of  nitrate  of  silver,  gave  a  whitish  precipitate,  becoming  black  on  boil¬ 
ing,  rendering  the  supposition  of  formic  acid  probable. 


The  Committee  on  the  two  papers  by  Dr.  Genth,  entitled  respectively 
“On  some  Minerals  which  accompany  Gold  in  California,”  and  “On 
Strontiano-Calcite,  a  new  Mineral,”  reported  in  favor  of  publication  in 
the  Proceedings. 

On  some  Minerals ,  whiclo  accompany  Gold  in  California. 

By  Dr.  F.  A.  Genth. 

A  few  days  ago  I  had  an  opportunity  of  examining  a  lot  of  Gold  from  the  north 
fork  of  the  American  River,  30  miles  from  Sacramento  City. 

The  gold  was  in  very  fine  scales  and  but  a  few  larger  pieces  among  them. 
The  following  minerals  have  been  found  mixed  with  it,  viz. : 

1.  Hyacinth  in  almost  microscopic  crystals,  of  different  lengths.  The  longer 
ones  exhibit  the  form  of  the  primitive  square  octahedron  combined  with  the 
second  square  prism ;  the  shorter  o'nes  have  besides,  a  second  octahedron,  a 
double  eight-sided  pyramid  and  the  first  prism  ;  one  of  the  crystals  I  found  having 
a  basal  plane  besides.  They  are  colorless  or  show  a  smoky  tinge;  only  a  few 
less  perfect  crystals  have  a  grayish-brown  color.  Lustre  perfectly  adamantine. 

2.  Chromic  Iron  in  rounded  grains,  which  sometimes  show  faces  of  the  regular 
octahedron.  Color  between  jet-black  and  iron-black.  Lustre  submetallic. 
Streak  brown.  Not  magnetic.  Before  the  blowpipe  with  borax  it  gives  in  both 
flames  emerald-green  beads.  The  powder  "was  decomposed  by  bisulphate  of 
potash,  and  the  presence  of  sesqui-oxide  of  iron  and  chromium  likewise  ascer¬ 
tained  in  the  moist  way. 

3.  Ilmenite  occurs  in  iron-black  grains,  which  show  sometimes  distinctly  a 
basal  cleavage.  Lustre  submetallic.  Streak  brownish,  and  iron-black.  Before 
the  blowpipe  it  gives  a  blood-red  bead,  which,  when  saturated,  can  be  easily 
enameled.  The  powder  is  easily  decomposed  by  bisulphate  of  potash;  the  fused 
mass  dissolves  completely  in  diluted  hydrochloric  acid,  and  this  solution,  when 
evaporated,  lets  fall  a  white  powder,  which  gives  with  borax  and  microcosmic 
salt  the  characteristic  reactions  of  titanic  acid.  The  solution  in  hydrochloric 
acid  contains  nothing  but  sesqui-oxide  of  iron. 

[Both  Chromic  Iron  and  Ilmenite  seem  to  have  been  confounded  with  magnetic 
iron.] 

4.  Flatimim. — A  few  steel-colored  rounded  grains  were  observed,  and  of 

5.  Iridosmine,  a  few  lead-colored  scales.  The  quantity  of  both  Platinum  and 
Iridosmine  was  too  small  for  further  examination. 

I  will  mention  here,  that  I  have  examined  some  white  grains  and  scales  from 
Stanislaus  in  California,  which  were  presented  to  me  by  Prof.  John  Frazer, 
whose  brother  had  them  collected. 

The  few  scales  of  gold  mixed  with  them  were  extracted  by  diluted  aqua  regia. 

I  then  treated  them  with  concentrated  aqua  regia  as  long  as  it  acted  upon. 

The  solution  contained  almost  pure  bichloride  of  platinum  with  but  a  trace  of 
iridium ;  neither  rhodium  nor  palladium  could  be  detected  in  it. 

The  residue  consists  of  six-sided  scales  of  a  color  between  lead-  and  tin-white. 
On  heating  them  upon  platinum  foil,  they  give  out  a  strong  odor  of  osmium  ;  they 
are  therefore  the  combination  IrOs4  (or  Ir  OS3)  known  under  the  name  of  Sis- 
serskite.  Being  heated  thus,  most  of  the  scales  become  iridescent  and  assume, 
like  steel,  yellow,  orange  and  blue  colors.  I  do  not  know  that  this  reaction  has 
been  observed.  In  order  to  ascertain  whether  every  kind  of  iridosmine  gives  it, 


114 


[J  UNE, 


or  whether  it  is  peculiar  to  that  from  California,  I  treated  some  from  the  Oural 
Mountains  in  the  same  manner,  and  found  that  most,  but  not  all  of  the  lead- 
colored  scales  are  oxydized  and  assume  yellow,  orange  and  blue  colors.  This 
reaction  seems  therefore  to  be  an  important  one  to  distinguish  Sisserskite  from 
Newjanskite*  It  is  very  likely,  too,  that  We  find  in  nature  but  two  combinations 
of  Iridium  and  Osmium,  Ir  Os  and  Ir  Os4  and  that  Ir  Os3  is  Ir  Os4  mixed  with 
some  Ir  Os,  as  it  is  very  difficult  to  distinguish  their  color. 

On  Strontiano-calcite ,  a  New  Mineral. 

By  Dr.  F.  A.  Genth. 

Primitive  form  an  obtuse  rhombohedron  (as  it  seems  to  show  cleavage  parallel 
to  the  planes  of  a  rhombohedron,  similar  to  that  of  calcite) ;  the  secondary  forms 
which  I  observed  were  the  second  acute  rhombohedron  (analogous  to  that  of 
calcite  of  65°  -'50')  and  its  corresponding  scalene-dodecahedron.  Crystals  micros¬ 
copic  and  not  very  distinct ;  in  globular  masses  formed  by  an  aggregate  of  rhom- 
bohedrons,  every  globule  terminating  in  the  above-mentioned  acute  rhombohe¬ 
dron.  Fracture  uneven.  H.  ==  3*5.  Sp.  gr.  ==  ? 

Colorless  and  transparent  at  the  points  of  the  aggregations,  which  are  white 
and  translucent.  The  colorless  crystals  have  a  vitreous,  the  white  ones  a  some¬ 
what  pearly  lustre. 

When  heated  before  the  blowpipe  it  gives  out  a  brilliant  light,  imparts  to  the 
flame  a  slight  crimson  color,  and  is  rendered  caustic.  Easily  soluble  in  acids 
with  disengagement  of  carbonic  acid.  The  solution  gives  a  white  precipitate 
with  sulphate  of  lime,  but  not  with  sulphate  of  strontia ;  it  therefore  contains 
strontia.  After,  (in  another  quantity  of  the  solution,)  strontia  was  precipitated 
with  sulphate  of  potash,  the  addition  of  oxalate  of  ammonia  produced  a  precipi¬ 
tate  of  oxalate  of  lime. 

The  quantities  I  had  at  my  disposal  were  too  small  to  admit  of  a  quantitative 
analysis,  but  I  presume  from  the  quantities,  precipitated  with  sulphate,  of  potash 
and  oxalate  of  ammonia,  that  lime  and  strontia  are  contained  in  Stroritiano-calcite 
in  about  equal  proportions. 

The  specimen  was  presented  to  me  by  William  Wagner,  Esq.,  who  collected 
it  in  the  neighborhood  of  Girgenti  in  Sicily,  where  it,  according  to  his  statement, 
is  of  rare  occurrence  and  associated  with  celestine  and  sulphur. 

In  the  chemico-mineralogical  system  it  is  to  be  placed  between  Dufrenoy’s 
Dreelite  and  Plumbocalcite. 

Of  the  carbonates  which  have  isomorphous  bases,  of  carbonate  of  lime  only, 
two  forms,  rhombohedron  and  rhombic  prism,  have  been  observed;  of  carbonate 
of  lead,  strontia  and  baryta,  only  the  rhombic  form  is  known;  but  when  in  com¬ 
bination  with  carbonate  of  lime,  they  all  likewise  crystallize  in  the  rhombohe- 
drical  form,  thus  forming  Plumbo-calcite,  Strontiano-calcite  and  Dreelite.  It  is 
very  likely,  that  we  one  of  these  days  will  meet  with  rhombohedrical  forms  of 
the  pure  carbonates  of  lead,  strontia  and  baryta. 


The  Committee  on  a  paper  by  Messrs.  Audubon  and  Bachman,  read 
this  evening  by  special  permission,  describing  a  new  species  of  North 
American  Fox,  reported  in  favor  of  publication  : 

Description  of  a  new  North  American  Fox.  Genus  Vulpes ,  Cuv. 

By  Audubon  and  Bachman. 

Vulpes  Utah. 

V.  corpore  grandiorc,  pilis  velleris  longioribus  nec  non  gracilioribus  quam  in 
V.  fulvo,  cauda  magna  cylindracea. 

Specific  characters. — Larger  than  Vulpes  fulvis  ;  fur  longer  and  finer  than  in 
that  species;  tail  large  and  cylindrical. 


1852.] 


115 


Dimensions. 

From  point  of  nose  to  root  of  tail, 

Tail,  (vertebra;,)  . 

“  (to  end  of  hair.)  .  .  .  . 

Circumference  of  tail,  (broad'est  party)  . 
From  shoulder  to  fore-feet,  . 

From  rump  to  hind-feet,  .  . 

Height  of  ears,  (posteriorly,)  . 

From  point  of  nose  to  eye,  . 

Longest  hairs  on  the  brush, 

“  on  the  body,  V_  .  . 


Feet.  Inches. 
2  8 

1  4 

1  S 

1  8 

1  5 

1  6 

4 

34 

5 
3 


Description. — Claws  slightly  arched,  compressed,  channelled  beneath,  horn 
color ;  hair,  of  two  kinds,  first,  a  coarse;  and  long  hair  covering  the  fur  beneath  it; 
second,  a  dense  and  very  soft  fine  fur,  composed  of  hairs  that  are  straight,  but 
crimped  and  jvavy,  as  in  the  silver  gray  fox.  Fur  plumbeous  at  the  roots, 
gradually  becoming  dark  brown  towards  the  tips  in  those  parts  of  the  body  which 
are  dark  colored  on  the  surface;  in  those  parts  which  are  white,  the  fur  is  white 
from  the  roots,  and  on  no  part  of  the  animal  does  it  present  any  annulations. 

The  long  hairs  are  dark-brown  from  the  roots,  yellowish-white  near  the  mid¬ 
dle  of  their  length,  and  are  tipped  writh  black. 

On  the  under  surface  the  hairs  are  principally  white  their  whole  extent,  with 
a  few  black  ones  intermixed ;  the  fur  on  the  tail  is  rather  less  fine  and  more 
woolly  than  on  the  body. 

Feet  covered  wflth  soft  hair  reaching  beyond  the  toes  ;  on  the  forehead  the  hair 
is  rather  coarse  and  short,  with  fine  fur  beneath.  From  this  intermixture  of 
hairs  the  animal  is  greyish-white  on  the' head,  dark-brown  on  the  neck,  grayish- 
brown  on  the  dorsal  line  and  on  the  sides  ;  the  throat,  under  surface  df  the  body, 
insides  of  legs,  and  feet  are  black. 

The  tail  is  irregularly  banded  with  dark  brown  and  dull  white,  the  tip  white 
for  about  three  inches. 

Another  Specimen. — Nose,  both  surfaces  of  the  legs,  and  behind  the  ears,  dark 
reddish-brown  ;  whiskers  black;  under  side  of  neck, and  a  line  on  the  belly,  liver 
brown.  Fur  on  the  back  very  fine,  and  dark  ashy-gray  from  the  roots:  the 
longer  hairs  on  the  back  are  black  at  the  roots,  and  are  broadly  tipped  with  white  ; 
fur  on  the  sides,  cinereous  at  the  roots,  and  yellowish-white  from  thence  to  the 
end. 

There  is  a  reddish  tinge  on  the  neck,  extending  to  the  shoulders  ;  sides  of  the 
face  grizzly-brown  ;  the  hair  on  the  tail  is  irregularly  clouded  with  brown  and 
dull  white,  and  is  lightest  on  the  under  surface. 

This  animal  was  first  noticed,  by  Lewis  and  Clarke,  as  the  large  red  fox  of  the 
plains,  (vol.  2,  p.  168,)  and  was  referred  to  by  us  in  the  first  volume  of  the 
Quadrupeds  of  North  America,  p.  54,  where  we  described  it  from  a  hunter’s  skin. 

Having  obtained  a  beautiful  specimen  from  Captain  Rhett,  of  the  United  States 
Army,  we  now  propose  for  it  the  name  of  Vulpes  Utah ,  as  it  is,  so  far  as  our 
information  extends,  chiefly  found  in  the  Utah  territory,  although  it  probably 
ranges  considerably  north  of  the  Great  Salt  Lake. 

The  habits  of  this  beautiful  fox  are  similar  to  those  of  the  Red  Fox,  and  it 
runs  into  many  varieties  of  color. 

Captain  Rhett  informed  us  that  he  killed  the  specimen,  kindly  presented  to  us 
by  him,  near  Fort  Larimee. 

Several  specimens  of  Vulpes  Utah  have  been  received  at  the  Smithsonian  Insti¬ 
tution,  and  it  will  probably  soon  be  well  known. 


116 


[June, 


' 

The  Committee  to  which  was  referred  a  paper  by  Dr.  Le  Conte, 
entitled  “  Synopsis  of  the  species  of  Pterostichus,”  reported  in  favor  of 
publication  in  the  Journal. 


,  .  f  '  v'  '  ■  Y  ■  1 

ELECTION. 

Mr.  Joseph  Lea  and  Dr.  William  H.  Tingley,  both  of  Philadelphia, 
were  elected  Members  of  the  Academy, 

•  '  )r 


.  .  •  v  •  . 

’ .  'j  t . . ;  -  r  .  • 


.  "  \  '  '  '  ».  1 


1852.] 


117 


% 


July  6th,  1852. 

Dr.  Elwyn  in  the  Chair. 

A  paper  was  presented  from  Professor  S.  F.  Baird  and  Mr.  Charles 
Girard,  intended  for  publication  in  the  Proceedings,  entitled  “  Charac¬ 
teristics  of  some  new  Reptiles  in  the  Museum  of  the  Smithsonian  Insti¬ 
tution, which  was  referred  to  Dr.  Hallowell,  Dr.  Le  Conte,  and  Dr. 
Leidy. 

Dr.  Wetherill  read  a  paper  intended  for  publication  in  the  Proceed¬ 
ings,  entitled  “  Further  examination  of  the  Phoenixville  Molybdate  of 
Lead.”  Referred  to  Mr.  Ashmead,  Mr.  Yaux,  and  Dr.  Rand. 

Dr.  Wetherill  read  a  second  paper,  entitled  “  Chemical  examination 
of  the  food  of  the  Queen  Bee.”  Referred  to  Dr.  Bridges,  Dr.  Rand, 
and  Mr.  Yaux. 

A  letter  was  read  from  the  Secretary  of  the  American  Philosophical 
Society,  dated  June  21st,  1852,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  No.  2, 
Vol.  6,  and  index  and  title  page  Yol.  5,  of  the  Proceedings. 

Dr.  Leidy  called  the  attention  of  the  members  to  a  fragment  of  a  fossil  ox  head, 
found  by  Dr.  Samuel  Brown  in  a  creek  'emptying  into  the  Ohio  river,  and  now 
deposited  in  the  cabinet  of  the  Academy  by  the  American  Philosophical  Society. 
Notwithstanding  its  larger  size  and  its  locality,  Cuvier  considered  it  the  same  as 
the  Bos  priscus.  Harlan  named  it  Bos  latifrons.  It  belongs  to  a  species  of 
Bison,  and  is,  with  very  little  doubt,  distinct  from  the  Bison  priscus,  and  should 
be  called  Bison  latifrons. 

Another  fragment  exhibited  belonged  to  a  smaller  animal.  The  horn  core  is 
relatively  more  conoidal  and  curved  than  in  Bison  latifrons.  The  specimen  was 
found  at  Big-bone-lick,  Kentucky,  and  probably  indicates  a  distinct  species,  for 
which  the  name  Bison  antiquus  was  proposed. 

Dr.  L.  further  stated  he  had  been  studying  the  extinct  Edentata  of  North 
America,  and  had  come  to  the  conclusion,  that  there  were  probably  four  species 
of  Megalonyx,  M.  Jeffersonii,  Harlan,  M.  laqueatus,  Harlan,  ?M.  potens,  Leidy , 
and  M.  dissimilis,  Leidy  ;  one  species  of  Mylodon,  the  M.  Harlani,  Owen  ;  and 
one  species  of  Megatherium,  which  is  probably  distinct  from  that  of  South 
America,  and  might  be  called  with  propriety  M.  mirabile,  Leidy.  The  jaw 
figured  by  Prof.  Owen,  in  the  Voyage  of  the  Beagle,  Foss.  Mam.  pi.  xxix,  Dr.L. 
observed,  he  was  satisfied  did  not  belong  to  the  Megalonyx  Jeffersonii,  as  sup¬ 
posed  by  Mr.  Owen,  but  to  a  new  genus  and  species,  for  which  the  name 
Gnathopsis  Oweni  was  proposed. 


July  Y&th. 

Vice  President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

A  letter  was  read  from  Professor  J.  P.  Kirtland,  dated  East  Rockport, 
Ohio,  June  26th,  1822,  accompanying  the  donations  announced  at  a  late 
meeting  of  the  Academy. 

Also  a  letter  from  Dr.  Johannes  Gistl,  dated  Munich,  April  21st, 
1852,  accompanying  his  donations  to  the  Library  announced  this 
evening. 


PROCEED.  ACAD.  NAT.  SCI.  OF  PHILADELPHIA. — VOL.  VI.  NO.  IV. 


19 


118  [July, 

Dr.  Grenth  read  a  paper  describing  a  new  mineral,  Rhodophyllite,  which 
was  referred  to  Mr.  Vaux,  Dr.  Wetherill,  and  Dr.  Bridges. 

Dr.  Owen,  in  presenting  to  the  Society  a  specimen  of  Fusulina  Lime¬ 
stone,  and  Tutenmergel,  made  the  following  remarks: — 

The  specimen  of  Fusulina  cylindrica  is  from  the  carboniferous  limestone  on  the 
west  side  of  the  Missouri  river,  below  Fort  Kearney.  One  bed  Ao{  limestone 
there  is  a  complete  agglutinated  mass  of  this  interesting  little  foraminiferous 
shell,  which  is  almost  the  form  and  size  of  a  grain  of  wheat,  so  that  those  unac¬ 
quainted  with  the  fossil  take  it  to  be  “  petrified  wheat.” 

Previous  to  its  discovery  on  the  Missouri  river,  during  the  geological  survey 
made  by  me  in  1849,  it  had  been  found,  I  believe,  only  in  isolated  specimens  in 
a  siliceous  stratum  towards  the  base  of  the  coal  measures  of  Ohio.  In  Europe  it 
has  only  been  found  in  Russia.  Both  in  this  country  and  Europe  it  appears  to  be 
confined  to  the  carboniferous  rocks. 

The  specimen  of  Tutenmergel  is  from  Keeth’s  Rapid,  on  the  Des  Moines  river, 
Iowa,  where  it  occurs  in  great  perfection  in  very  perfect  cones  with  a  fine 
crimped  surface,  and  possessing  internally  the  structure  of  Arragonite.  The  Tu¬ 
tenmergel  of  this  locality  proves  to  my.  mind  that  its  form  cannot  be  due  to 
simple  shrinkage  of  the  strata,  as  believed  by  most  persons,  but  is  a  crystalliza¬ 
tion,  with  simultaneous  infiltration  of  calcareous  waters — a  stalactitic  formation, 
not  in  the  atmosphere,  but  within  the  substance  of  its  argillaceous  matrix. 

The  bed  at  Keeth’s  Rapid  is  only  four  or  five  inches  thick  ;  but  it  occurs  in 
much  thicker  beds — nine  inches  or  more — lower  dowTn  near  Amsterdam  and  else¬ 
where  on  the  Des  Moines,  but  not  in  as  pure  a  form,  and  almost  of  a  black 
color,  while  the  Keeth  bed  is  almost  as  colorless  as  calc  spar. 


July  20 th. 

Vice  President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

Letters  were  read 

From  Professor  Lepsius,  dated  Berlin,  June  20th,  1852,  accompany¬ 
ing  his  donation  to  the  Library  announced  this  evening. 

From  Dr.  Samuel  Webber,  of  Charlestown,  New  Hampshire,  accom¬ 
panying  specimens  of  the  fins  and  tail  of  a  Fish,  in  the  substance  of 
which  were  numerous  hard  granules.  The  letter  also  enclosed  the  fol¬ 
lowing  communication  on  the  subject 

« In  the  town  of  Unity,  about  twelve  miles  from  the  place  of  my  residence,  is 
a  small  body  of  water  known  by  the  name  of  Cold  Pond.  It  abounds  with  fish 
of  the  kind  usually  found  in  such  waters,  viz.,  roach,  bream,  perch  and  pickerel. 
They  are  plump,  firm,  and  well  flavored,  but  almost  uneatable  in  consequence  of 
a  peculiarity  which  I  have  never  observed  nor  heard  of  in  these  kinds  of  fish  in 
other  localities.  This  peculiarity  is  that  through  the  bodies  of  these  fish  are  scat¬ 
tered  numerous  small  blackish  grains  of  a  globular  form,  and  of  about  the  size  of 
mustard  seed,  quite  hard,  and  which  annoy  the  teeth  so  much  in  the  act  of  masti¬ 
cation,  as  to  take  away  all  comfort  of  eating.  Sometimes  these  little  bodies  are 
single,  sometimes  clustered  together  more  or  less.  They  pervade  even  the  fins 
and  tail,  as  may  be  seen  by  some  specimens  that  I  forward  in  company  with  this 
brief  sketch.  Of  the  nature  and  cause  of  this  unusual  condition  of  the  fish,  or  of 
the  substance  of  these  little  pellets,  nothing  is  known.  It  has  been  conjectured 
that  the  water  of  the  pond  is  more  or  less  impregnated,  in  parts  at  least  consider¬ 
ably,  by  some  mineral  spring,  and  that  the  particles  of  some  mineral  held  in 
solution  by  it,  are  taken  into  the  circulation  of  the  fish,  and  by  some  process  of 
decomposition  are  deposited  in  small  tubercular  aggregations  in  the  various  parts 
of  the  body.” 


1852.] 


July  27 tli. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 


119 


The  Committee  to  which  was  referred  Dr.  WetherilTs  paper  on  the 
Phocnixville  Molybdate  of  Lead,  reported  in  favor  of  publication  in  the 
Proceedings. 

Further  Examination  oj  the  F hcenixville  Molybdate  of  Lead . 

By  Charles  M.  Wetherill,  Ph.  D. 

In  the  Proceedings  for  the  30th  March  of  this  year,  is  a  description  of  a  red 
variety  of  Molybdate  of  Lead,  examined  qualitatively  by  me,  and  in  which  it  is 
stated  that  I  could  not  detect  chromium  either  by  the  moist  way,  or  before  the 
blow  pipe.  In  the  July  number  of  Silliman’s  Journal,  page  105,  among  the  min- 
eralogical  notices  by  Mr.  W.  T.  Blake,  he  observes  that  the  specimens  from  the 
Wheatley  mine,  which  he  mistook  for  chromate  of  lead,  have  been  found  to  be  the 
molybdate  containing  chromic  acid.  I  find  also  in  Dana’s  Mineralogy,  under  the 
head  of  this  mineral,  the  observation  that  “  a  red  variety  contains  a  few  per  cent, 
of  chromic  acid.”  In  my  former  analysis  I  looked  particularly  for  this  acid 
without  finding  it.  Supposing  that  Mr.  Blake  had  been  more  fortunate  than  my¬ 
self,  I  repeated  the  examination  on  larger  quantities  of  mineral,  and  with  great 
care,  but  have  no  reason  to  change  what  was  before  written.  About  one  deci¬ 
gramme  of  the  pulverized  molybdate  was  dissolved  in  boiling  concentrated  hydro¬ 
chloric  acid.  No  chlorine  could  be  detected,  as  would  have  been  the  case  were 
chromic  acid  present.  After  boiling  for  some  time  to  reduce  the  hypothetical 
acid  to  sesquioxide  of  chromium,  enough  water  was  added  to  dissolve  the  formed 
chloride  of  lead,  and  then  sulphuric  acid  in  excess.  The  solution  was  yellow,  and 
when  drops  of  the  liquid  had  reached  the  hot  sides  of  the  capsule  the  blue  molybde¬ 
num  compound  was  formed,  which  gave  with  the  yellow  solution  a  green  tinge  to 
those  parts.  The  lead  being  thus  separated  in  combination  with  sulphuric  acid, 
to  the  filtrate  was  added  hydrosulphuret  of  ammonium,  which  kept  in  solution 
the  sulphnret  of  molybdenum  thus  formed,  and  precipitated  sulphuret  of  iron,  which 
shouLd  contain  sesquioxide  of  chromium,  if  chromic  acid  were  in  the  mineral. 
This  sulphuret  of  iron  was  removed  from  the  solution,  oxidized  by  nitric  acid, 
precipitated  hot  by  ammonia,  then  washed,  and  the  ashes  of  the  filter  fused  with 
nitre  and  carbonate  of  soda.  The  result  was  the  slightest  shade  greenish,  as  if 
from  the  presence  of  minute  traces  of  manganese,  but  not  in  the  least  yellow,  nor 
did  it  give  a  yellow  solution  with  water,  nor  did  the  solution,  neutralized  exactly 
by  ammonia  and  nitric  acid,  give,  as  would  be  the  case  with  chromic  acid,  the 
purple  red  precipitate  of  the  chromate  of  silver  on  addition  of  the  nitrate.  The 
reactions  of  chromium  are  so  decided  that  the  presence  of  this  metal  could  hardly 
escape  the  notice  of  one  looking  for  it.  I  have  not  yet  been  able  to  obtain  a  suf¬ 
ficient  quantity  of  the  mineral  for  a  quantitative  examination.  This  compound 
may  possibly  be  an  acid  molybdate,  analogous  to  many  chromates  which  when 
neutral  are  yellow,  and  red  when  acid. 


The  Committee  on  the  following  paper  by  Dr.  Wetherill,  reported  in 
favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings. 

Chemical  Examination  of  the  Food  of  the  Queen  Bee . 

By  Charles  M.  Wetherill,  Ph.  D. 

A  specimen  was  given  to  me  by  Dr.  Leidy,  from  Mr.  Langstroth,  of  the  food 
of  the  queen  bee.  It  was  an  oblong  mass,  consisting  of  two  differently  colored 
layers,  the  inner  one  horn-like  and  transparent,  the  outer  whitish  and  more 
opaque.  Under  the  microscope,  with  high  powers,  it  appears  amorphous.  It  was 


120 


[July, 


heavier  than  water,  of  the  consistency  of  wax,  but  sticky  and  elastic.  It  contains 
Wax,  which  is  in  larger  quantity  in  the  white  than  in  the  inner  layer.  Heated  on 
the  platinum  foil  a  portion  of  the  body  melts  and  flows  to  another  paTt  of  the 
platinum,  where  by  further  heating  it  diffuses  the  odor  of  wax.  The  residue  does 
not  melt,  but  swells  up  by  greater  heat,  with  a  smell  of  burned  leather,  and  leaves 
a  porous  coke,  burning  off  with  great  difficulty,  and  with  a  slight  ash.  The  sub¬ 
stance  in  warm  water  is  softened  and  partly  dissolves,  leaving  white  insoluble 
flakes;  the  filtrate  gives  a  precipitate  on  boiling,  which  precipitate  does  not  melt 
by  heat,  nor  is  it  soluble  in  alcohol  or  ether.  The  original  substance  does  not 
dissolve  in  alcohol  or  ether,  but  in  the  latter  menstruum  is  covered  on  the  sur¬ 
face  with  a  white  coating.  In  warm  dilute  hydrochloric  acid  it  is  slightly  attacked, 
but  not  completely  dissolved.  Tested  for  nitrogen  by  Lassaigne’s  method,  by 
fusion  with  sodium  and  obtaining  the  precipitate  of  Prussian  blue,  it  indicated  the 
presence  of  considerable  quantities  of  that  element.  As  the  body  appears  to  be 
composed  of  at  least  three  substances,  and  the  quantity  at  my  disposal  weighed 
but  three  decigrammes,  I  was  unable  to  subject  it  to  an  ultimate  analysis. 

From  its  reactions  it  appears  to  contain,  besides  wax,  albumen  and  protein 
compounds.  It  is  truly  a  bread  containing  albuminous  compounds,  which 
would  probably  prove,  on  analysis,  similar  to  the  gluten  of  wheat,  for  the  nourish¬ 
ment  of  the  plastic  organs  of  the  body.  The  examination  of  this  substance  was 
interesting  in  connection  with  the  Mexican  ant  honey.  The  latter  contains 
no  nitrogen,  and  would  therefore  seem  incapable  alone  of  affording  nourishment 
to  the  young  insect,  as  supposed  by  some,  and  which  young,  in  the  case  of  bees, 
are  fed  by  pollen.  Perhaps  the  accumulation  of  honey  in  the  ant  is  the  result  of 
a  disease  like  diabetes ;  though  it  would  seem  improbable  that  it  should  be  a  dis¬ 
ease  so  widely  diffused.  These  ants  do  not,  I  suppose,  make  wax  or  an  analogous 
substance,  which  is  the  use  of  the  honey  of  the  bee. 

The  examination  of  compounds  occurring  in  the  lower  animals,  which  are  also 
the  result  of  the  decomposition  of  amylaceous  and  albuminous  substances,  and  a 
comparison  of  these  compounds  with  the  animal’s  food,  has  been  much  neglected 
by  chemists.  Yet  it  would  seem  that  the  study  of  certain  decompositions  deemed 
physiologically  important,  could  be  more  readily  carried  out  upon  those  lower 
orders  whose  organs  are  less  complex.  The  food  of  animals  is  in  general  very 
similar,  as  well  in  the  percentage  proportion  of  its  constituents  as  in  the  rational 
formulae  of  its  elements.  It  consists,  as  is  well  known,  of  nitrogenized  com¬ 
pounds  for  formation,  and  amylaceous  ones  for  respiration.  The  amylaceous 
compounds,  in  particular,  have  been  well  studied  in  all  their  transformations  out 
of  the  body,  and  to  a  certain  extent  as  occurring  in  man  and  in  a  few  animals. 
The  three  principal  radicals  of  this  class,  amyl,  ethyl,  and  formyl,  and  their 
compounds  and  derivatives,  are  well  known.  It  is  therefore  significant,  and  sug¬ 
gestive  of  further  research,  when  we  find  the  three  acids  of  their  alcohol  radicals 
in  the  animal,  as  valerianic  in  the  oil  of  Delphinus  globiceps,  acetic  in  man,  &c., 
and  formic  in  the  ant ;  these  acids  and  other  products  of  decomposition  of  the 
three  radicals  being  besides  found  in  other  animals  and  in  plants,  and  some  in  a 
diseased  state  of  plant  or  animal.  If  it  be  desirable  to  study  that  mysterious 
force,  the  vital,  how  can  it  be  done  but  by  its  effects,  for  which  nature  must  be 
cross-examined  in  her  every  form.  This  is  the  more  important,  as  we  find  vitality 
to  determine  the  resolution  of  the  same  food  into  different  products  in  different 
animals,  as  may  be  required  for  their  existence.  We  have  a  beautiful  example 
of  this  in  the  case  of  the  bee.  One  of  the  simplest  transformations  of  an  organic 
compound  is  that  of  cane  to  grape  sugar ;  it  requires  merely  the  absorption  of  two 
equivalents  of  water  by  the  former.  Grape  sugar  appears  by  the  phenomena  of 
fermentation  to  be  more  readily  decomposable  than  cane  sugar ;  and  we  accord¬ 
ingly  find  this  change  taking  place  in  the  body  of  the  bee  in  the  formation  of  its 
honey,  which  is  to  be  worked  up  again  into  wax.  When  cane  sugar  is  given  to 
bees  for  the  formation  of  wax,  wax  is  indeed  formed,  but  apparently  with  more 
difficulty,  and  does  not  detach  itself  readily  as  in  wax  from  honey.  This  excre¬ 
ment  of  honey  compared  with  food  is  probably  the  simplest  occurring  in  animal 
life. 


1852*3 


121 


The  relation  of  food  to  respiration  and  nourishment  in  man  and  kindred  ani¬ 
mals  has  been  well  set  forth  by  Liebig  in  his  Animal  Chemistry.  According  to 
this  author,  an  equivalent  of  starch  is  changed  into  fat  by  losing  one  equivalent 
of  carbonic  acid,  and  seven  equivalents  of  oxygen.  Now,  since  wax  bears  a  great 
analogy  to  the  fats, it  may  be  supposed  to  be  derived  from  honey  in  a  similar  manner. 
Wax  composed  of  cerine  and  myricine  has  a  composition  of  C34H34O2  ;  anhydrous 
grape  sugar  C12H12O12,  or  three  equivalents  C36H36O36,  two  equivalents  carbonic 
acid,  two  of  water,  and  twenty-eight  oxygen  ;  three  equivalents  of  grape  sugar 
would  yield  one  of  wax.  That  wax  is  produced  from  honey  is  shown  by  Grund- 
laeh,  (Natural  History  of  Bees,)  as  quoted  by  Liebig.  The  air  in  the  hive  during 
the  formation  of  wax  should  contain  an  excess  of  oxygen,  which  has  not  been 
shown  by  analysis,  that  1  am  aware  of. 

Grundlach  supposes  that  honey  is  alone  necessary  to  the  support  of  bees  with¬ 
out  nitrogenized  substances  like  pollen,  and  instances  the  fact  that  bees  often 
starve  in  April  when  their  honey  is  consumed,  and  when  they  can  obtain  pollen 
from  the  fields,  but  no  honey.  But  this,  perhaps,  only  proves  that  much  honey  is 
necessary  to  their  existence,  owing  no  doubt  to  the  large  expenditure  in  the  for¬ 
mation  of  wax,  and  which  is  not  voluntary  but  continually  going  on.  For  the 
same  author  has  observed  that  bees  shut  up  and  fed  without  a  queen,  will  not 
build  up  honey  comb,  although  the  wax  laminae  will  continue  to  be  secreted  from 
their  bodies.  If  there  is  any  analogy  between  bees  and  the  vertebrata,  that 
nitrogenized  compounds  are  as  necessary  to  the  formation  of  the  plastic  organs  as 
the  non-nitrogenized  are  to  the  respiration,  (and  it  would  seem  thus  probable  from 
the  fact  that  the  queen  bee,  the  fruit  of  whose  labor  requires  much  nitrogen, 
lives  on  highly  nitrogenized  food,)  it  seems  as  incredible  that  bees  should  be  sup¬ 
ported  entirely  by  honey,  as  that  man  should  be  by  starch  only. 

A  careful  examination  of  the  relation  between  food  and  its  transformation  in 
the  bodies  of  such  animals,  would  no  doubt  throw  great  light  upon  mooted  points 
in  physiology ;  and  the  many  differences  in  the  nature  of  the  products,  which 
could  no  doubt  be  reconciled  with  the  laws  of  chemistry,  would  in  themselves 
afford  one  of  the  strongest  proofs  in  favor  of  the  theories  with  which  they 
might  agree. 


The  Committee  on  Dr.  Genth’s  paper,  describing  a  new  Mineral,  re¬ 
ported  in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings. 

On  Rhodophyllite ,  a  New  Mineral. 

By  Dp..  F.  A.  Genth. 

Primitive  form  most  probably  hexagonal ;  sometimes  small  six-sided  laminae. 
Cleavage  basal,  eminent.  Usually  in  masses  consisting  of  foliated  scales. 

H  =  2-5.  Sp.  gr.  (at  77°  F.)  =  2-617. 

Color  of  fine  scales  between  greyish  and  silver-white  and  peach-blossom  red  ; 
masses  of  the  latter  color.  Streak  reddish  white.  Lustre  pearly.  Subtrans¬ 
parent  ;  subtranslucent.  Scales  flexible,  but  not  elastic.  The  powder  greasy 
to  the  touch. 

Yields  water  in  the  matrass.  Heated  before  the  blowpipe,  it  becomes  silver- 
white,  with  a  greyish-green  tint ;  small  scales  are  rounded  at  the  edges,  and 
become  brownish  from  the  oxidation  of  the  iron  ;  dissolves  in  borax  and  micro- 
cosmic  salt,  and  gives  in  both  flames  emerald  green  beads ;  by  the  latter  reagent 
a  skeleton  of  silicic  acid  is  separated;  with  soda  in  the  oxidizing  flame  it  forms 
a  yellow  mass.  Hydrochloric  acid  apparently  does  not  act  upon  it;  sulphuric 
acid  acts  slowly  upon  the  fine  powder,  but  the  mineral  previously  heated  to  red¬ 
ness  is  almost  completely  decomposed  by  it,  with  separation  of  silicic  acid  as 
a  jelly. 


122 

[July, 

Composition :  3  (RO,  Si  03)  -f-  2  (R2  03, 

S1O3)  +  9  (MgO,  HO.) 

According 

to  analysis  it  contains  : 

Silicic  acid 

=  33-41  . 

.  32-98 

contains  oxygen 

17-12 

Sesquioxide  of  chromium  j 

6-85 

2-12 

Alumina  .  .  .  > 

=  18-15  . 

.  11-11 

a 

5-19 

Oxide  of  iron  .  .  .  ) 

1-43 

a 

0-32 

Oxide  of  nickel 

trace 

Magnesia  * 

=  35-86  . 

.  35.22 

n 

14-08 

Lime  ... 

trace 

Lithia  .  •  .  # 

Soda  .  •  .  .  J 

•  =  0-28  . 

.  0-28 

» 

0-11 

Potash  .... 

=  0-10  . 

.  0-10 

0-02 

Water  .... 

=  12-79  . 

.  13-12 

(t 

11-66 

100-59 

101-09 

Found  near  Texas  in  Lancaster  county,  associated  with  chromic  iron,  gymnite, 
nickel-gymnite  and  other  minerals. 


Considering  sesquioxide  of  chromium  and  alumina  as  isomorphous  bases,  and 
in  the  same  manner  oxide  of  iron  and  the  small  quantities  of  alkalies  isomor¬ 
phous  with  magnesia,  the  oxygen  ratio  of 


RO  : 

R2  O3 

:  SiOs  : 

HO  is 

14  53  : 

7-31 

:  17-12  ; 

11-66, 

=  1-99  : 

1 

:  2-34  ; 

1-6,  which  is  very  near 

=  1  : 

2 

4 

:  5  : 

£ 

3,  and  gives  the  equivalents 

in  the  following  proportion  : 

RO  . 

R2O3 

:  SiOs 

:  HO 

12  : 

2 

:  5 

:  9,  or  the  formula — 

m  &  •  fj  •  */)  Ul  lUC 

3  (RO,  Si03)  -f  2  (R203,  SiOs)  -j-  9(MgO,  HO). 


In  the  chemico-mineralogical  system,  this  mineral  is  to  be  placed  among 
the  Silicates  of  bases  RO  +  -K2  O3  +  Hydrates ,  and  it  has  some  relation 
to  Chlorite  and  Ripidolite.  Besides,  most  of  its  physical  and  chemical  proper¬ 
ties  seem  to  be  identical  with  Fiedler’s  Rhodochrorn,  a  mineral  from  Tino  in 
Greece  and  some  localities  in  the  Oural  Mountains,  which  by  G.  Rose  is  consi¬ 
dered  a  serpentine,  containing  a  large  quantity  of  chromium  ;  but  the  latter  has 
a  greenish-black  color,  and  dissolves  in  hydrochloric  acid.  As  no  quantitative 
analysis  of  it  has  been  published,  further  examinations  have  to  prove  what  rela¬ 
tions  exist  between  these  minerals.  I  at  least  consider  it  useless  to  speak  about 
identity,  if  it  cannot  be  proved  by  analysis. 

Another  mineral,  much  resembling  Rhodophyllite,  but  of  a  different  composi¬ 
tion,  is  Kammererite. 


In  the  following  I  will  give  a  brief  report  of  the  data  of  the  analysis,  and  the 


modes  which  were  adopted  in  separating  the  different 

ingredients. 

I.  2-0490  grammes  of  the  mineral  gave : 

Water . 

0-2689 

grammes. 

Silicic  acid  .  . 

0-6759 

u 

Sesquioxide  of  chromium 

0-1403 

« 

Alumina . 

0-2277 

Sesquioxide  of  iron . 

0.0327 

t( 

Oxide  of  nickel  ..... 

trace 

{( 

Pyrophosphate  of  magnesia 

2-0084 

t( 

Lime  ....... 

trace 

te 

TI.  1-7406  grammes  gave  : 

Chloride  of  lithium,  sodium  and  potassium 

0-0138 

grammes. 

Platinum  ...... 

0-0036 

“ 

1852.] 


123 


III.  2*4806  grammes  gave: 

Silicic  acid 

Sesquioxide  of  iron  j 

cs  chromium  > 

Alumina  \ 

Pyrophosphate  of  magnesia 
Magnesia 

IV.  2.6148  grammes  gave: 

Water  .... 


0*8288  grammes. 

0*4502  “ 

2*3499  “ 

0*0451  “ 

0*3344  grammes. 


In  analysis  No.  I.  the  fine  powder  was  fused  in  a  platinum  crucible  with  car¬ 
bonate  of  soda  and  nitrate  of  potash  ;  the  fused  mass  was  decomposed  by  hydro¬ 
chloric  acid,  and  evaporated  to  dryness ;  the  dry  mass  moistened  with  hydro¬ 
chloric  acid,  heated  and  filtered.  The  silicic  acid,  thus  separated,  containing 
still  a  small  quantity  of  chromium,  etc.,  was  fused  a  second  time  by  carbonate  of 
soda,  and  treated  as  above;  the  solution  containing  the  small  quantity  of  chro¬ 
mium  was  added  to  the  other  part.  The  acid  liquid  containing  in  solution  the 
sesquioxides  of  chromium  and  iron,  alumina  and  magnesia,  was  very  nearly 
neutralized  by  carbonate  of  soda,  and  precipitated  by  carbonate  of  baryta.  The 
mixture  was  often  stirred,  and  after  two  days  filtered.  The  weaker  bases  were 
completely  precipitated,  and  did  not  contain  a  trace  of  magnesia.  The  precipi¬ 
tate  of  alumina,  the  sesquioxides  of  iron  and  chromium,  and  the  excess  of  car¬ 
bonate  of  baryta,  were  treated  with  sulphuric  acid  and  the  soluble  sulphates 
filtered  from  the  insoluble  sulphate  of  baryta.  The  filtrate  was  precipitated  by 
ammonia  and  boiled,  to  prevent  the  dissolution  of  sesquioxide  of  chromium.  This 
precipitate,  after  having  been  filtered  and  dried,  was  finely  powdered,  and  fused 
with  carbonate  of  soda  and  nitrate  of  potash,  in  order  to  oxidize  the  sesquioxide 
of  chromium  into  chromic  acid.  From  the  solution  in  water  alumina  was  preci¬ 
pitated  by  carbonate  of  ammonia.  The  filtrate  was  then  acidulated  with  hydro¬ 
chloric  acid,  the  chromic  acid  reduced  by  alcohol,  and  the  sesquioxide  of  chro¬ 
mium  precipitated  from  the  boiling  solution  by  ammonia. 

After  baryta  had  been  separated  by  sulphuric  acid  from  the  filtrate  of  the  weak 
bases,  magnesia  was  precipitated  from  the  ammoniacal  solution  by  phosphate  of 
ammonia,  with  the  requisite  precautions.  In  analysis  No.  III.  I  decomposed 
the  finely  powdered  mineral  (previously  heated  to  redness)  by  evaporation  with 
sulphuric  acid.  The  silicic  acid  not  having  a  white  color,  was  fused  with  car¬ 
bonate  of  soda  and  nitrate  of  potash  as  above,  and  the  solution  containing 
alumina,  sesquioxides  of  chromium  and  iron,  and  magnesia  added  to  the  other 
parts.  The  sesquioxides  were  separated  from  magnesia  by  carbonate  of  baryta. 

The  solution  containing  the  magnesia,  from  which  baryta  was  separated  by 
sulphuric  acid,  and  to  which  an  excess  of  chloride  of  ammonium  had  been  added, 
gave  with  ammonia  a  white  gelatinous  precipitate,  which  was  insoluble  in  caustic 
potash,  but  it  gave  the  other  reactions  of  magnesia.  In  analyzing  this  mineral 
I  tried  at  first  to  separate  magnesia  from  the  sesquioxides  by  chloride  of  ammo¬ 
nium  and  ammonia,  but  although  I  had  ounces  of  ammoniacal  salts  in  solution, 
only  half  of  the  magnesia  (17  per  cent.)  remained  in  solution.  I  dissolved  and 
precipitated  thus  three  times,  but  at  last  I  had  to  give  it  up,  and  separated  the 
balance  which  was  remaining  with  the  weak  bases  by  carbonate  of  baryta.  I 
never  before  had  such  difficulties  in  separating  alumina  from  magnesia,  and  H. 
Rose,  in  his  newest  edition,  is  still  in  favor  of  this  method,  and  separated  the 
small  quantity  of  magnesia,  which  always  falls  down  With  the  alumina,  by  dis¬ 
solving  the  latter  in  caustic  potash.  I  shall  make  further  experiments  with  the 
magnesia  separated  from  Rhodophyllite,  and  intend  to  make  communication  of 
my  results  to  the  Academy,  if  I  find  them  interesting  enough. 

For  the  estimation  of  the  alkalies,  the  mineral,  previously  heated  to  redness, 
was  decomposed  by  sulphuric  acid,  the  soluble  sulphates  were  boiled  with  car¬ 
bonate  of  baryta,  and  the  carbonates  of  the  alkalies  with  traces  of  magnesia 
extracted  by  water.  The  solution  was  evaporated  to  dryness,  dissolved  and 
filtered  from  some  magnesia  which  remained  ;  but  the  last  trace  of  it  was  sepa- 
rated  by  oxide  of  mercury  after  the  carbonates  were  converted  into  chlorides. 


124 


[August, 

The  chlorides  were  weighed  together,  dissolved  in  water,  and  on  the  addition 
of  bichloride  of  platinum  evaporated  to  dryness,  and  the  remaining  double  salt 
of  bichloride  of  platinum  and  potassium  extracted  by  alcohol.  This  salt  was 
heated  to  redness  (as  its  quantity  was  very  small,)  and  the  platinum  separated 
by  water  from  the  chloride  of  potassium.  From  the  quantity  of  platinum,  that 
of  potash  and  chloride  of  potassium  was  calculated,  and  the  latter  subtracted 
from  the  whole  amount  of  alkali-metals.  The  difference  is  the  weight  of 
chloride  of  sodium  and  lithium,  but  their  quantity  is  too  small  for  a  correct 
analysis.  From  reactions  it  was  supposed  that  the  mineral  contained  about 
equal  proportions  of  those.  Fluorine  and  phosphoric  or  boracic  acid  could  not 
be  detected. 


ELECTION. 

Mr.  James  L.  Claghorn,  of  Philadelphia,  Mr.  George  M.  Keim,  of 
Reading,  Pennsylvania,  and  Dr.  G.  Bischoff,  of  the  same  place,  were 
elected  Members  ;  and 

Dr.  Henry  G.  Dalton,  of  Demerara,  was  elected  a  Correspondent. 


August  3  d. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  chair. 

A  communication  from  Prof.  S.  F.  Baird  was  read,  stating  that  the 
Vulpes  Utah ,  of  Audubon  and  Bachman,  described  in  the  last  No.  of  the 
Proceedings  (for  May  and  June)  is  identical  with  the  V.  macrourus9 
Baird,  described  in  Capt.  Stansbury’s  Report  of  the  Exploration  of  Utah. 
As  this  Report  was  published  early  in  June,  the  writer  claims  priority 
of  date  for  the  latter  name. 

Dr.  LeConte  read  a  paper  intended  for  publication  in  the  Proceedings, 
entitled  “  Remarks  on  the  Coccinellidae  of  the  United  States,”  which 
was  referred  to  Dr.  Watson,  Dr.  Hallowell  and  Mr.  Kilvington. 

Dr.  LeConte  read  a  second  communication,  also  intended  for  publi¬ 
cation,  entitled  “  Description  of  a  new  species  of  Trombidium.”  Referred 
to  the  same  Committee. 


August  10  th. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

A  letter  was  read  from  Dr.  J.  P.  Heister,  for  Dr.  Bischoff  of  Read¬ 
ing,  Pennsylvania,  dated  August  5th,  1852,  acknowledging  the  receipt 
of  the  notice  of  election  of  the  latter  as  a  member  of  the  Academy. 

A  circular  was  received  from  Mr.  Francis  S.  Holmes,  Curator  of  the 
Museum  of  Natural  History  in  the  College  of  Charleston,  dated  July 
1852,  giving  an  account  of  the  establishment  of  the  Museum,  and  re¬ 
questing  the  transmission  of  duplicate  specimens  in  exchange,  and  the 
publications  of  the  Academy )  and  also  offering  to  present  a  specimen  of 
a  recent  Crinoid  from  the  coast  of  South  Carolina. 

The  communication  was  referred,  on  motion,  to  the  Curators. 

A  letter  was  read  from  the  Secretary  of  the  Linnean  Society  of  Lon¬ 
don,  dated  June  23d,  1852,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  the  last  No. 


125 


1852.] 

of  the  Journal,  of  late  Nos.  of  the  Proceedings,  and  of  previous  Nos. 
of  the  same,  deficient  in  the  series  of  that  Society. 


August  %kih. 

Prof.  Haldeman  in  the  Chair. 

Letters  were  read 

From  Lieut.  W.  S.  Boyd,  U.  S.  Marine  Corps,  dated  Valparaiso, 
June  27th,  1852,  referring  to  a  collection  of  shells  now  offered  for  sale 
by  Mr.  Weld,  Purser  U.  S.  N. 

From  Prof.  Ehrlich,  dated  Linez,  April  3,  1 852,  presenting  the  works 
announced  this  evening. 

From  M.  Laporte,  Sr.,  dated  Bordeaux,  May  4,  1852,  in  reference 
to  an  exchange  of  foreign  insects  for  those  of  this  country. 


August  81s£. 

Mr.  Ord,  President,  in  the  Chair. 

The  Committee  on  the  following  paper  by  Prof.  Baird  and  Mr.  Chas. 
Girard,  reported  in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings. 

Characteristics  of  some  New  Reptiles  in  the  Museum  of  the  Smithsonian 

Institution. 

By  Spencer  F.  Baird  and  Charles  Girard. 

SECOND  PART, 

Containing  the  species  of  the  Saurian  order,  collected  by  John  H.  Clark,  under 

Col.  J.  D.  Graham,  head  of  the  Scientific  Corps  U.  S.  and  Mexican  Boundary 

Commission,  and  a  few  others  from  the  same  or  adjoining  territories,  obtained 

from  other  sources,  and  mentioned  under  their  special  headings. 

Holbrookia  texana,  B.  and  G. — Cophosaurus  texanus ,  Trosch.  Arch,  fur 
Naturg.  for  1850,  (published  in  1852,)  389.  Tab.  VI. 

This  species,  easily  distinguished  from  H.  maculata ,  attains  a  larger  size  and 
is  provided  with  a  more  elongated  tail.  The  body  above  and  the  lower  surface 
of  the  head  are  grayish,  maculated  with  small  yellowish  white  subcircular  dots  ; 
on  the  upper  surface  of  the  tail  and  hind  legs  there  are  transverse  bands  of  black. 
On  the  posterior  half  of  the  abdomen  there  are  two  black  crescents,  the  convexity 
of  which  is  posterior,  and  extending  from  near  the  back  to  the  belly,  without 
coming  into  contact  either  above  or  below.  The  space  between  the  crescents, 
as  well  as  an  anterior  and  posterior  area,  are  yellowish  white  on  the  back  and 
blue  on  the  belly.  The  breast,  the  medial  line  of  the  belly,  the  inferior  surface 
of  thighs  and  tail,  are  unicolor,  of  a  uniform  yellowish  white ;  the  tail  underneath 
presents  seven  or  more  large  subquadrangular  or  subcircular  black  patches.  In 
the  female,  the  abdominal  crescents  are  represented  by  two  lateral  spots. 

Localities. — Along  the  Rio  San  Pedro,  a  tributary  of  the  Rio  Grande  del  Norte. 

Holbrookia  affinis,  B.  and  G. — This  species  comes  nearest  to  H.  texana , 
from  which  however  it  can  be  readily  distinguished  by  its  more  slender  form  and 
its  proportionally  larger  dorsal  scales  and  superciliary  plates.  The  coloration 
differs  but  little  from  the  former  in  the  female,  to  which  sex  the  only  specimen 
in  our  possession  belongs.  The  back  however  is  darker,  scattered  with  black 
spots,  of  which  two  dorsal  rows  may  be  followed  from  the  occiput  to  the  base  of 
the  tail,  where  they  meet  and  constitute  a  crescent  or  an  angle,  the  convexity  of 


126  [August, 

which  is  directed  backwards.  The  tail  underneath  is  provided  with  black  patches 
similar  to  those  in  H.  tezana. 

Locality . — Found  with  the  preceding  species. 

Holbrookia  propinqua,  B.  and  G. — This  species,  very  closely  allied  to  H. 
maculata,  is  most  readily  distinguished  by  a  more  slender  form  of  body  and  a 
more  elongated  tail.  Another  character  is  found  in  the  possession  of  a  more 
depressed  and  protruding  snout.  On  the  sides  of  the  abdomen  there  are  some¬ 
times  two,  but  generally  three,  black  patches,  whilst  in  H.  maculata  these  con¬ 
ditions  are  reversed. 

Localities. — Between  Indianola  and  San  Antonio  (Texas.)  We  possess  one 
individual  of  the  same  species,  collected  by  R.  H.  Kern,  Esq.,  in  a  more  south¬ 
westerly  locality. 

Holbrookia  maculata,  G. — Specimens  of  this  species  were  obtained  on  the 
boundary  line  between  San  Antonio  (Texas)  and  El  Paso  del  Norte,  thus  extend¬ 
ing  greatly  its  geographical  range. 

Crotaphytus  Gambelii,  B.  and  G. — Of  the  size,  shape  and  general  appear¬ 
ance  of  C.  Wislizenii ,  from  which  however  it  can  be  readily  distinguished  by 
the  larger  scales  both  on  the  back  and  belly.  The  head  is  likewise  more  ovoidal ; 
at  any  rate  the  plates  which  cover  its  surface  are  larger,  especially  on  the  occipi¬ 
tal  region.  The  scales  on  the  sides  of  the  head  are  larger  than  in  C.  Wislizenii , 
especially  those  of  the  temporal  region.  The  general  distribution  of  color  is 
the  same  as  in  C.  Wislizenii;  the  only  difference  consists  in  the  absence  of  the 
small  yellowish  white  dots  spread  all  over  the  body  of  the  latter  species.  The 
transverse  yellowish  markings  appear  also  to  be  more  conspicuous. 

Locality. — Not  precisely  known;  collected  by  the  late  Dr.  Wm.  Gambel 
during  his  last  visit  to  California.  Specimens  also  in  the  Academy  of  Natural 
Sciences. 

crotaphytus  dorsalis,  B.  and  G. — A  small  and  very  characteristic  species. 
The  snout  is  short,  truncated  or  rather  rounded,  giving  to  the  head  a  much  greater 
resemblance  to  that  of  C.  collaris  than  to  that  of  either  C.  Wislizenii  or  C. 
Gambelii.  The  scales  are  proportionally  larger  than  in  any  of  the  known  species 
of  the  genus.  Along  the  dorsal  line,  a  row  of  still  larger  and  carinated  scales, 
constitutes  another  very  distinctive  mark  between  this  species  and  the  others,  its 
congeners.  The  tail  seems  rather  compressed  and  is  one  and  a  half  times  the  length 
of  the  body.  The  ground  color  above  is  bluish  brown  wdth  crowded  yellowish- 
white  subcircular  spots.  The  tail  is  alternately  semi-annulated  with  bluish- 
browrn  and  yellowish-w'hite.  The  lower  part  of  the  body  is  unicolor,  except 
under  the  head,  where  there  are  several  narrow  and  oblique  bluish  streaks. 

Locality. — Desert  of  Colorado,  California.  Collected  by  Dr.  John  L.  LeConte. 

This  species,  according  to  the  notes  of  Dr.  LeConte,  in  running,  carries  its 
body  very  high  above  the  ground,  with  the  tail  frequently  elevated  over  the  back, 
somewhat  like  a  squirrel.  It  runs  with  very  great  swiftness,  over  the  sand, 
making  for  its  hole  whenever  pursued. 

Uta  ornata,  B.  and  G. — This  species  maybe  distinguished  from  U.  Stansbu- 
ricma ,  of  which  it  has  the  general  appearance,  by  a  dorsal  space  covered  with 
five  or  six  rows  of  scales  larger  than  those  on  the  sides  of  the  body.  Along  the 
middle  of  the  sides  there  exists  one  row  of  small  scutellac  imitating  the  lateral 
line  in  fishes.  The  ground  color  is  reddish-brown  with  transversely  elongated 
black  patches  all  along  the  upper  part  of  the  body  and  tail.  The  belly  is  uni¬ 
color  in  the  female,  whilst  it  is  blue  in  the  male. 

Localities. — On  the  Rio  San  Pedro  (Texas)  and  province  of  Sonora.  Speci¬ 
mens  of  the  same  species  w'ere  collected  by  Dr.  John  L.  LeConte  at  San  Diego 
(Cal.)  and  San  Francisco  (Cal.) 

Sceloporus  Poinsettii,  B.  and  G. — Sc.  torquatus  var.  B.  Wiegm.? — This 
species,  although  more  intimately  related  to  Sc.  torquatus  than  to  any  other  of 
the  same  genus,  is  nevertheless  easily  distinguishable  from  the  latter  by  the  form 
and  structure  of  the  scales  on  the  middle  region  of  the  back,  which  are  subcircu- 


1852.] 


127 


lar,  very  thin,  without  carinae  and  finely  denticulated  posteriorly.  On  the  sides, 
the  upper  part  of  the  legs  and  on  the  tail,  the  scales  taper  posteriorly  into  a  sharp 
point.  The  plates  on  the  upper  surface  of  the  head  are  rather  small  and  irregu¬ 
lar  in  shape,  except  the  occipital,  which  is  larger  than  in  any  other  allied  species. 
The  general  color  is  olivaceous,  reddish  on  the  back  and  sides,  with  transverse 
dorsal  black  bands,  much  broader  and  more  distinct  on  the  tail.  There  is  also  a 
black  collar  convex  backwards,  embracing  the  region  of  the  neck  above  and 
terminating  in  advance  of  the  origin  of  the  fore  legs. 

At  the  request  of  Col.  J.  D.  Graham,  we  have  dedicated  this  species  to  the 
memory  of  the  late  Hon.  Joel  R.  Poinsett,  whose  name  is  associated  with  the 
progress  of  science  and  the  useful  arts  throughout  his  public  career,  especially 
while  Secretary  of  War  of  the  United  States. 

Localities. — Rio  San  Pedro  of  the  Rio  Grande  del  Norte,  and  the  province  of 
Sonora. 

Sceloporus  Clarkii,  B.  and  G. — Allied  to  both  Sc.  tor quatus  and  Sc.  spinosus, 
it  resembles  the  former  in  the  presence  of  an  imperfect  black  collar,  which  is 
more  distinct  in  the  young.  This,  however,  is  never  seen  to  form  a  complete 
crescent  on  the  neck,  but  is  gradually  diminishing  in  width  from  its  origin  in 
advance  of  the  fore  legs  towards  the  upper  part  of  the  body.  From  Sc.  spinosus 
it  differs  by  having  proportionally  much  larger  scales  on  the  temporal  region,  and 
all  the  scales  terminated  by  a  much  less  developed  posterior  point.  The  body  is 
uniform  yellowish  green,  excepting  the  band  of  black  on  the  sides  of  the  head. 
The  male  has  a  bluish  abdomen,  indistinctly  black  along  the  middle  region.  The 
lower  surface  of  the  head  is  blue,  on  the  middle  region  surrounded  with  black. 

Dedicated  to  John  H.  Clark,  to  whose  skill  as  a  collector,  and  untiring  zeal  for 
science,  the  world  is  indebted  for  the  splendid  zoological  collections  sent  and 
brought  home  by  Col.  Graham  from  the  survey  of  the  Mexican  boundary. 

Locality. — Province  of  Sonora. 

Sceloporus  Thayerii,  B.  and  G. — This  species  has  the  general  appearance  of 
Sc.  scalaris  and  Sc.  graciosus.  It  differs  from  both  by  a  very  readily  apprecia¬ 
ble  character,  which  consists  in  the  possession  of  much  larger  scales  on  the  upper 
region  of  the  body.  The  color  is  yellowish  green  above,  with  two  longitudinal 
bands  of  brown  or  black,  and  two  yellow  ones,  on  each  side.  Sometimes,  instead 
of  bands,  a  series  of  small  patches  of  the  same  color  is  observed,  the  black 
patches  also  form  transverse  and  undulating  narrow  bands.  The  belly  is  uniform 
yellow  underneath,  the  male  has  on  each  side  an  elongated  patch  of  blue,  with  a 
narrow  band  of  black  along  the  abdominal  margin.  Under  the  throat  there  is  a 
medial  black  patch,  limiting  on  each  side  another  blue  spot. 

At  the  request  of  Col.  Graham  likewise,  we  have  dedicated  this  species  to  Col. 
Sylvanus  Thayer,  of  the  U.  S.  Engineer  corps,  and  the  founder  of  the  present 
system  of  instruction  at  the  U.  S.  Military  Academy  at  West  Point,  as  a  tribute 
to  the  high  scientific  attainments  and  valuable  services  in  his  profession  as  an 
officer. 

Localities. — Indianola,  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  San  Antonio,  (Texas,)  El  Paso 
del  Norte,  and  as  far  westward  as  the  province  of  Sonora. 

Sceloporus  dispar,  B.  and  G. — No  species  of  the  genus  Sceloporus  will  be 
more  easily  recognizable  than  the  present  one,  on  account  of  the  great  disparity 
which  exists  between  the  scales  on  the  upper  part  of  the  body  and  those  on  the 
tail,  the  latter  being  twice  as  large  and  more  strongly  carinated.  The  scales  on 
the  abdomen  are  likewise  a  little  larger  than  those  on  the  back.  The  color  in  the 
only  specimen  which  we  have  hitherto  seen  of  this  species  is  uniform  blackish 
green,  but  as  it  has  been  collected  for  a  long  time,  the  color  may  have  changed 
considerably.  The  head  is  reddish  brown.  The  abdomen  in  the  male  is  blue 
from  the  fore  to  the  hind  legs,  leaving  a  medial  narrow  space  of  the  color  of  the 
throat  and  thighs,  and  along  which  a  narrow  black  band  separates  it  from  the 
blue. 

Locality. — Vera  Cruz.  Sent  by  Dr.  Burroughs  to  the  Academy  of  Natural 
Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  where  the  specimen  described  is  preserved. 


128 


[August, 


Genus  Cnemidophorus. 

A.  With  eight  rows  of  abdominal  scales. 

Cnemidophorus  marmoratus,  B.  and  G. — This  species  is  so  closely  allied  to 
Cn.  tigris  figured  in  Stansbury’s  Report  on  the  great  Salt  Lake,  that,  at  first 
sight,  it  is  difficult  to  perceive  the  differences.  These  consist  in  the  proportional 
size  of  the  scales,  which  are  smaller  on  the  back  and  larger  on  the  tail  and  belly, 
in  Cn.  marmorams  than  in  Cn.  tigris.  The  head  is  broader  on  the  vertex  in  Cn. 
marmoratus  than  in  Cn.  tigris.  Differences  in  the  shape  of  the  cephalic  plates 
are  likewise  obvious  when  the  two  species  are  compared.  The  hind  legs  are 
more  developed  in  Cn.  marmoratus  than  in  Cn.  tigris ,  the  scales  which  cover 
their  under  surface  are  larger  and  extend  over  a  greater  area.  The  ground  color 
is  yellowish  green,  marbled  with  black,  except  on  the  head  and  posterior  part  of 
the  tail. 

Locality. — Between  San  Antonio  (Texas)  and  El  Paso  del  Norte. 

Cnemidophorus  Grahamii,  B.  and  G. — This  is  a  large  and  beautiful  species, 
strongly  suggestive  of  Cn.  tigris,  from  which  it  differs  by  a  much  smaller  and 
narrower  head,  and  by  some  differences  in  the  proportional  size  of  the  cephalic 
plates.  The  scales  on  the  upper  region  of  the  body  are  still  more  minute  than  in 
Cn.  marmoratus.  Those  on  the  margin  of  the  subgular  fold  are  much  larger  than 
in  either  Cn.  tigris  and  Cn.  marmoratus .  The  head  is  olivaceous  ;  the  ground 
color  of  the  body  reddish-green,  with  seven  or  eight  longitudinal  series  of  sub- 
quadrangular  black  dots,  constituting  sometimes  continuous  bands.  This  species 
is  dedicated  to  the  accomplished  officer  to  whom  the  U.  S.  and  Mexican  boundary 
survey  was,  for  a  short  time,  entrusted.  His  name  has  long  been  associated 
with  the  progress  of  science  in  the  United  States,  from  the  date  of  the  first  ex¬ 
pedition  of  Major  Long,  to  the  present  time,  and  we  take  great  pleasure  in  ten¬ 
dering  this  especial  mark  of  respect. 

Locality. — Found  with  the  preceding  species. 

Cnemidophorus  gularis,  B.  and  G. — Allied  to  Cn.  sexlineatus ,  of  which  it 
has  the  general  appearance.  The  body,  however,  is  shorter,  the  fore  and  hind 
legs  are  more  developed,  and  the  scales  on  the  upper  region  of  the  body  smaller 
than  in  the  latter  species.  Another  very  striking  difference  is  to  be  found  on  the 
subgular  fold,  where  the  marginal  scales  are  considerably  larger  than  in  Cn. 
sexlineatus . 

Localities. — From  Indianola,  (Texas,)  and  the  valley  of  the  Rio  San  Pedro,  a 
tributary  of  the  Rio  Grande  del  Norte. 

Cnemidophorus  perplexus,  B.  and  G. — This  species  has  the  general  appear¬ 
ance  of  Cn.  Grahamii ,  having  like  the  latter  a  proportionally  small  and  narrow 
head,  which  distinguishes  at  once  these  from  both  Cn.  tigris  and  Cn.  marmoratus. 
From  Cn.  Grahamii  it  differs  by  the  absence  of  large  scales  on  the  margin  of  the 
subgular  fold.  The  scales  on  the  upper  part  of  the  body  are  nearly  the  same, 
but  those  on  the  belly  are  larger  in  Cn.  perplexus  than  in  Cn.  Grahamii.  The 
ground  color  is  yellowish  green,  with  seven  yellowish  stripes  extending  from  the 
occiput  to  the  origin  of  the  tail. 

Localities. — Valley  of  the  Rio  San  Pedro  of  the  Rio  Grande  del  Norte.  Speci¬ 
mens  were  also  collected  by  Gen.  Churchill,  on  the  Rio  Grande  west  of  San 
Antonio,  (Texas,)  and  by  Dr.  William  Gambel  on  his  last  journey  to  California. 

Cnemidophorus  gracilis,  B.  and  G. — This  species  comes  nearer  to  Cn.  per¬ 
plexus  than  to  any  other  of  the  same  genus,  but  the  head  is  still  narrower,  the 
body,  tail,  and  legs  slender,  and  proportionally  more  elongated.  The  scales  on 
the  lower  surface  of  the  head  and  throat  are  much  smaller  than  in  Cn.  perplexus. 
The  color  is  bluish  black  above,  with  four  yellowish  white  narrow  stripes  extend¬ 
ing  from  the  occiput  to  the  origin  of  the  tail. 

Locality. — Desert  of  Colorado;  collected  by  Dr.  John  L.  Le  Conte. 


1852.] 


129 


B.  With  ten  rows  of  abdominal  scales. 

Cnemidophorus  praesignis,  B.  and  G. — Ten  longitudinal  rows  of  abdominal 
scales,  quadrangular,  broader  than  long.  Two  subguttural  folds,  the  surface  of 
the  posterior  one  covered  with  scales  of  medium  size.  A  transverse  band  of 
similar  scales  extends  from  one  ear  opening  to  the  other.  Nostrils  between  the 
suture  of  two  plates.  Scales  on  the  upper  part  of  the  body  proportionally  small; 
on  the  tail,  elongated,  narrow'  and  keeled.  The  middle  region  of  the  back  is 
greenish  brown,  exhibiting  an  indistinct  medial  streak  with  irregular  quadrangles 
of  the  same  color  on  each  side,  separated  by  a  narrow  band  of  deep  black.  The 
sides  are  black,  provided  with  two  narrow  stripes  of  yellowish  white  on  each  and 
extending  along  the  tail.  Between  these  stripes,  and  specially  along  the  abdomen, 
irregular  dots  of  the  color  of  the  stripes  are  seen  scattered.  The  hind  legs  and 
tail  are  variegated  with  black  and  bluish  spots. 

Locality . — From  Chagres,  collected  by  Prof.  C.  B.  Adams.  Said’  to  be  also 
common  at  Panama. 

Plestiodon  obsoletum,  B.  and  G. — Total  length  about  nine  inches.  Body  and 
limbs  rather  short  and  stout ;  tail  longer  than  the  body,  conical,  and  rapidly 
tapering  away.  Parieto-occipital  and  vertical  the  largest  of  all  the  cephalic 
plates;  rostral,  labials,  and  temporal  ones  considerably  developed.  General  color 
greenish  white;  uniform  below  ;  the  scales  on  the  back  and  sides  are  thinly  mar- 
ginated  with  black. 

Locality. — Valley  of  the  Rio  San  Pedro  of  the  Rio  Grande  del  Norte. 

Elgaria  nobilis,  B.  and  G. — This  is  the  most  beautiful  species  of  the 
genus.  The  body  and  tail  are  slender  and  elongated  ;  the  limbs  slender  and 
rather  short.  The  ventral  shields  are  twelve  rowed  ;  fourteen  longitudinal  rows 
of  scales  on  the  back,  obscurely  keeled.  The  ground  color  is  olivaceous  ;-  the 
upper  surface  of  the  head,  the  belly  and  lower  surface  of  the  tail,  are  dotted  with 
black.  From  the  occiput  to  the  origin  of  the  tail,  there  are  nine  or  ten  trans¬ 
verse  blackish  brown  bands  on  the  back,  covering  two  or  three  rows  of  scales, 
margined  posteriorly  with  white.  The  intermediate  spaces  between  these  brown 
bands  are  of  the  same  width  as  the  bands  themselves.  Upwards  of  twenty  brown 
half-rings  are  observed  on  the  tail,  the  width  of  which  is  a  little  less  than  the 
intermediate  spaces. 

Locality. — Fort  Webster,  Copper  mines  of  the  Gila,  (Santa  Rita  del  Cobre,) 
New  Mexico. 


The  Committee  to  which  was  referred  Dr.  Le  Conte’s  remarks  on  the 
Coccinellidae  of  the  United  States,  and  also  on  his  description  of  a  new 
species  of  Trombidium,  reported  in  favor  of  publication. 

Remarks  upon  the  CoccinellidjE  of  the  United  States. 

By  John  L.  Le  Conte,  M.  D. 

It  is  not  my  intention  on  this  occasion  to  present  a  synopsis  or  catalogue  of  the 
native  species  belonging  to  the  present  group.  The  very  elaborate  and  carefully 
written  work  of  Mulsant*  renders  such  a  labor  entirely  superfluous.  I  propose 
now  merely  to  present  some  views  on  the  classification  of  the  genera  of  this 
family,  and  to  add  descriptions  of  the  new  species  which  have  recently  been 
obtained. 

On  account  of  the  difficulty  of  distinguishing  the  species  of  Scymnus,  I  have 
made  new  descriptions  of  all  the  species  observed ;  the  Corylophi,  with  but  a 
single  exception,  are  new,  and  I  have,  therefore,  by  adding  a  new  description  of 
that  species,  completed  a  monograph  of  that  division  of  the  present  family. 


*  Species  des  Coleopteres  Trimeres  Securipalpes.  Lyon,  1850. 


130 


[August, 

Although  the  labors  of  Mulsant  have  served  to  establish  many  natural  groups 
among  the  species  of  this  difficult  tribe,  I  can  by  no  means  agree  with  him  re¬ 
garding  the  generic  value  of  such  groups.  However  constant  may  be  the  char¬ 
acters  used  by  him,  yet  they  are  entirely  too  unimportant  to  be  used  for  sepa¬ 
rating  species,  otherwise  closely  allied.  A  genus  to  be  natural  must  differ  from 
its  neighbors  by  sorrie  decided  modification  of  structure,  accompanied  with  a  re¬ 
cognizable  difference  in  external  form  :  and  although  it  may  be  convenient  to  give 
names  to  subordinate  groups,  yet  they  cani  n  no  case  be  admitted  as  genera. 

For  this  reason,  I  find  it  impossible  to  adopt  Mulsant’s  numerous  genera,  and 
therefore  present  the  following  table  as  showing  the  relations  between  such  of 
our  native  genera,  as  appear  to  be  really  separated  by  trenchant  and  recognizable 
characters. 


Div.  I.  COCCINELLJE. 

Antennae  articulo  Imo  crasso,  2n<lo  brevi  rotundato :  tarsi  semper  dilatati, 
articulo  3io  minuto  recepto :  palpi  maxillares  securiformes ;  alarum  margo 
simplex. 


A.  Mandibulae  simplices  vel,  bifidae. 

1.  Antennae  longiusculae  basi  liberae. 

a.  Metasterno  non  diviso,  epimeris  maiusculis : 

(corpus  oblongum.) 

Ungues  simplices,  tenues . 

Ungues  dentati . 

b.  Metasterno  diviso,  epimeris  minoribus  :  (cor¬ 

pus  praecipue  rotundatum,  ungues  semper 
dentati.) 

Antennae  clava  lata  truncata . 

Antennae  clava  lata  apice  rotundata  . 

Antennae  clava  elongata  :  (corpus  rotundatum  glabrum) 
Antennae  clava  elongata,  apice  emarginata :  (corpus 
oblongum  pubescens) . 

2.  Antennae  breves,  basi  obtectae. 

Labrum  occultum  .  . 

Labrum  conspicuum . 

3.  Antennae  brevissimae,  basi  liberae. 

a.  Prosternum  antice  non  lobatum. 

Corpus  glabrum,  pedes  antici  dentati  .  .  . 

Corpus  glabrum,  pedes  mutici,  ungues  dentati 
Corpus  glabrum,  pedes  mutici,  ungues  simplices 
Corpus  pubescens,  ungues  dentati  .... 

b.  Prosternum  antice  lobatum,  os  obtegens 

B.  Mandibulae  multidentatae . 


Anisosticta  Chevr. 
Hippodamia  Chevr. 


Coccinella  Lin. 
Psyllobora  Chevr. 
Myzia  Muls. 

CoCCIDULA  Kug. 

Chilocorus  Leach. 
Exochomus  Redt. 


Brachiacantha  Chev. 
Hyperaspis  Chevr. 
Oxynychijs  Lee. 
SCYMNUS  Kug. 

GEneis  Muls. 
Epijlachna  Chevr. 


Anisosticta  Chevr. 

1.  A.  seriata  Lee.  Cocc.  seriata  Mels.  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  3,  177. 
Narnia  litigiosa  Muls.  31. 

The  genus  Naemia  does  not  seem  sufficiently  distinct. 


Hipfodamia  Chevr. 

This  genus  may  be  divided  into  two  groups  : 

at.  Ungues  omnes  acute  dentati.  ( Ilipjpodamia  and  Adonia  Muls.) 

/2.  Ungues  omnes  obtuse  dentati.  ( Mcgilla  Muls.) 

The  following  species,  except  (5),  belong  to  division  (*.) 

1.  H.  convergens  Guerin :  Muls.  Cocc.  modesta  Mels.  Proc.  Ac.  Nat. 
Sc.  3,  178. 


131 


1852.] 

2.  H.  M  u  1  s  a  n  t  i ,  nigra,  thorace  subconvexo,  antrorsum  angustato,  subtilis- 
sime  punctulato,  margine  laterali  et  apicali  albo,  elytris  rufo-flavis,  fascia  sub- 
basali,  macula  magna  obliqua  pone  medium,  alteraque  versus  apicem  nigris. 
Long.  -22. 

One  specimen,  Pic  River,  Lake  Superior.  Very  similar  to  H.  5-s  i  g  n  a  t  a 
(Muls.)  but  differs  by  its  convex  and  less  punctured  thorax  being  narrowed  in 
front,  and  margined  with  white  on  the  sides  and  apex.  The  large  posterior  spot 
of  the  elytra  is  more  oblique,  and  is  a  little  narrower  at  its  external  part:  the 
epimera  are  white. 

•  In  the  only  specimen  of  H.  5-signata  in  my  collection,  the  thorax,  besides  the 
large  white  blotches  at  the  anterior  angles,  has  two  small  white  dorsal  spots,  and 
one  at  the  middle  of  the  apex. 

3.  H.  a  m  b  i  g  u  a,  nigra,  thorace  punctulato,  margine  laterali  et  antico,  macu- 
lisque  dorsalibus  duabus  plus  minusve  albis,  elytris  valde  punctulatis  rufis,  ad 
basin  albidis,  sutura  basi  nigra.  Long.  *2 — *27. 

California  and  Oregon.  Very  similar  to  H.  convergens,  but  easily  distinguished 
by  the  strongly  punctulate  elytra  :  the  elytra  are  usually  without  spots,  sometimes 
there  is  a  single  black  dot  on  each  at  the  anterior  fifth  near  the  sutnre.  The 
thorax  varies  as  follows  : 

<t.  Lateral  and  apical  margin  narrow,  white ;  dorsal  spots  small,  distinct. 

/3.  Lateral  margin  white,  dilated  at  the  anterior  angles ;  dorsal  spots  none. 

4.  H.  punctulata,  nigra,  thorace  valde  punctulato,  maculis  duabus  dorsa¬ 
libus,  alteris  ad  angulos  anticos,  margineque  apicali  medio  prolongato  albis, 
elytris  punctulatis,  rufis  basi  pallidis,  sutura  antice  nigra.  Long  *27. 

Several  specimens,  San  Francisco,  California.  Very  simila^  to  the  preceding, 
but  the  thorax  is  more  strongly  punctured  and  more  convex ;  the  white  of  the 
sides  extends  only  half  way  to  the  base,  and  the  apical  white  margin,  even 
when  not  entire,  is  prolonged  a  little  in  the  middle ;  the  dorsal  spots  are  some¬ 
times  wanting ;  the  posterior  angles  are  sometimes  marked  -with  a  small  white 
point. 

This  species  and  the  preceding  have  been  confounded  with  unspotted  varieties 
of  H.  convergens,  from  wrhich  their  strongly  punctulate  elytra  at  once  distin¬ 
guish  them. 

5.  H.  maculata  Lee.;  Cocc.  maculata  De  Geer;  C.  10-maculata  Fabr. ; 
C.  oblonga  Oliv. ;  Megilla  maculata  Muls.  28.  This  species  is  common  in  the 
southern  part  of  California.  One  specimen  from  New  York  is  more  strongly 
punctured  on  the  elytra  than  any  other  I  have  seen,  but  I  can  find  no  other 
difference. 

Coccinella  Linne. 

Our  species  fall  into  three  natural  divisions  according  to  the  form  of  the  en¬ 
closed  spaces  of  the  first  abdominal  segment,  behind  the  coxae.  I  have  latinised 
Mulsant’s  “  plaques  abdominales  ”  into  “  scuta  abdominis  ;”  Redtenbacher’s 
“  Schenkellinie  ”  is  more  appropriate,  but  is  not  so  easily  translated. 

a.  Scuta  abdominis  margine  arcuato,  ( Adalia  Muls.) 

/£.  Scuta  abdominis  margine  angulato,  ( Harmonia  and  Coccinella  Muls.) 

y.  Scuta  abdominis  margine  externo  obliterato,  ( JDaulis  Muls.) 

1.  C.venusta  Mels.  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  3,  178  (1S47.) 

Harmonia  notulata  Muls.  83  (1850.) 

2.  C.  pi  c  ta  Randall,  Bost.  Journ.  Nat.  Hist.  2,  51. 

C.  concinnata  Mels.  Pr.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  3,  178. 

Harmonia  contexta  Muls.  87. 

Harmonia  ficta  Muls.  1017. 

3.  C.  lacustris,  hemispherica,  nigra,  dense  punctulata,  thorace  macula 
alba  utrinque  ad  angulos  anticos,  elytris  rufo-flavis,  macula  scutellari  obcordata, 
duabusque  utrinque  transversis  nigris,  lateribus  pone  humeros  late  sulcatis, 
epimeris  mesothoracis  albis.  Long  *27. 

Lake  Superior,  several  specimens.  This  species  very  plosely  resembles  C. 


132 


[August, 

monticola  (Muls.  115),  but  the  elytra  have  the  lateral  margin  from  the  humeri 
to  the  middle  broadly  sulcate,  while  in  C.  monticola  the  same  part  is  scarcely 
perceptibly  copcave ;  the  black  transverse  spots  of  the  elytra  are  also  larger*- 
Otherwise  there  is  no  special  difference. 

Myzia  Muls. 

This  genus  differs  from  Coccinella  by  its  long  and  slender  antennae ;  I  have 
included  in  it  also  Mulsant’s  genus  Anatis,  as  I  can  find  no  difference  wrorthy 
of  note.  The  following  is  new  : 

1.  M.  Rathvoni,  late  ovata,  utrinque  fortius  angustata,  thorace  lateribus 
rectis,  maculis  duabus  baseos  lateribUsque  late  albis,  his  puncto  nigro  notatis, 
elytris  piceo-rufis,  lateribus  usque  ad  medium  explanatis.  Long.  *4. 

I  take  great  pleasure  in  dedicating 'this  fine  species  to  Mr.  S.  S.  Rathvon,  of 
Lancaster,  Pa.;  to  whom  science  is  indebted  for  many  valuable  additions  to  our 
entomological  fauna.  It  was  found  at  Sacramento,  California,  by  Mr.  Childs. 
Broadly  oval,  very  convex,  strongly  narrowed  before  and  behind,  so  as  to  be  al¬ 
most  angulated  at  the  middle,  on  the  sides.  Head  bl  ack,  with  an  obscure  rufous 
spot  each  side.  Thorax  twice  as  wide  as  long,  strongly  narrowed  in  front, 
sides  nearly  straight,  broadly  margined  ;  black,  with  two  basal  spots  and  a  very 
broad  lateral  margin  white  ;  the  sides  have  a  marginal  black  spot  near  the  pos¬ 
terior  angles.  Elytra  piceo-rufous,  with  some  very  indistinct  black  dots,  of 
which  the  posterior  series  consisting  as  in  M.  15-punctata  of  6  spots  is  most 
distinct ;  the  lateral  margin  from  the  base  to  the  point  of  greatest  breadth  is 
strongly  flattened  and  concave,  and  is  blackish  towards  the  middle.  Beneath 
black. 

This  is  evidently  a  very  dark  colored  specimen,  and  it  is  probable  that  on 
further  exploration  varieties  will  be  found  similar  to  the  light  colored  and  ocel- 
late  specimens  of  M.  15-punctata. 

CoCCIDULA  Rug. 

1.  C.  lepida,  elongato-oblonga,  flava,  subtiliter  albo-pubescente,  capite 
pectoreque  nigris,  elytris  disperse  punctatis,  basi,  lateribus  ad  medium,  macula- 
que  communi  pone  medium  nigerrimis.  Long.  *11. 

One  specimen,  Vermont.  Prof.  C.  B.  Adams.  Oblong  elongate,  convex, 
bright  yellow,  covered  with  fine  short  white  hair.  Head  black,  finely  and  not 
densely  punctured,  clypeus,  mouth  and  antennae  yellow.  Thorax  finely  punc¬ 
tured,  rounded  on  the  sides,  base  rounded,  posterior  angles  subobtuse,  not 
rounded.  Elytra  tolerably  coarsely  punctured,  base  and  sides  as  far  as  the 
middle  black ;  black  portion  broader  at  the  scutellum  and  at  the  middle  of  the  side ; 
disc  with  a  common  rounded  black  spot  at  the  second  third  ;  beneath  yellow ; 
breast  entirely  black ;  prosternum  black  posteriorly. 

The  anterior  coxae  in  this  genus  are  much  smaller  than  in  any  other  of  the 
present  tribe,  and  are  almost  round. 

Exochomus  Redt. 

1.  E.  G  u  e  x  i,  hemisphericus,  thorace  nigro  lateribus  antice  rufis,  basi  sub- 
angulato  immarginato,  elytris  obsolete  punctulatis,  rufis  macula  magna  sub- 
apicali  nigra.  Long.  *12. 

Louisiana.  1  have  dedicated  this  species  to  my  estimable  friend  Mr.  J.  A. 
Guex,  to  whom  I  owe  my  specimens  of  this  and  many  other  interesting  species. 
Size  and  form  of  E.  marginipennis  (Muls.)  ( E .  prcetextatus  Mels.  Pr.  Ac.  3,  178  : 
Cocc.  marginipennis  Lee.  An.  Lyc.  1,  173.)  Head  black  in  the  female,  yellow 
in  the  male.  Thorax  very  obsoletely  punctulate,  black;  sides  broadly  rufous 
in  the  male,  rufous  only  at  the  anterior  angles  in  the  female  ;  base  very  much 
rounded,  somew'hat  angulated,  not  margined.  Elytra  very  finely  and  obsoletely 
punctulate,  rufous  with  a  large  black  spot  near  the  apex  and  a  little  nearer  to 
the  suture  than  the  side.  Beneath  piceous ;  sides  and  feet  yellow'. 

Brachiacantha  Chevr. 

1.  B.  a  lb  i  fro  ns.  Coccinella  albifrons  Say,  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  4,  94; 
Muls.  1049. 


133 


1852.] 

Missouri  Territory  and  Louisiana.  In  the  male  the  anterior  part  of  the  tho¬ 
rax  is  white,  a  little  prolonged  in  three  places,  so  that  the  outline  of  the  black 
part  is  four-lobed. 

2.  B.  10-pu  s  t  u  1  at  a.  Hyperaspis  10 -pustulata  Mels.  Pr.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  3, 
179.  This  is  commonly  considered  as  the  small  variety  of  B.  ursina,  but  it 
differs  essentially  in  having  the  elytra  much  more  strongly  punctured. 

3.  B.  basalis  Mels.  Pr.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  3,  179 ;  B.  covfusa  Muls.  537. 

4.  B.  quadripunctata  Mels.  ibid.  3,  178 ;  B.  diver  sa  Muls.  538. 

Hyperaspis  Chevr. 

1.  H.  militaris,  ovalis,  convexa,  subtiliter  punctulata,  capite  thoraceque 
nigris,  hoc  lateribus  albis,  elytris  flavis,  sutura  maculaque  humerali  nigris  ;  pe¬ 
dibus  abdominisque  lateribus  testaceis.  Long.  *1. 

One  specimen,  Columbia,  S.  Carolina.  Rounded,  slightly  oval,  very  convex 
and  very  finely  punctulate.  Head  black,  mouth  and  organs  testaceous.  Thorax 
with  the  base  much  rounded,  and  very  finely  margined;  black,  sides  whitish 
yellow.  Elytra  pale  yellow  with  a  broad  sutural  vitta  and  an  oblong  spot  on  the 
humeral  callus  black.  Beneath  piceous  black ;  feet,  sides  and  apex  of  the 
abdomen  testaceous. 

2.  H.  v  i  1 1  i  g  e  r  a,  ovalis,  modice  convexa,  thorace  nigro  lateribus  flavis,  ely¬ 
tris  rugose  punctulatis,  albicantibus  sutura  vittaque  lata  postice  adnexa  nigris, 
pedibus  testaceis.  Long.  *08. 

Missouri  Territory.  Oval,  somewhat  oblong,  moderately  convex.  Head 
sparsely  and  obsoletely  punctulate,  testaceous  in  the  male,  black  with  yellow 
mouth  in  the  female.  Thorax  obsoletely  punctulate,  rounded  and  finely  mar¬ 
gined  at  the  base ;  in  the  male  yellow  with  a  large  basal  black  spot,  anteriorly 
lobed  and  extending  beyond  the  middle  ;  in  the  female  black  with  narrow  yel¬ 
low  sides.  Elytra  finely  punctulate  and  wrinkled;  whitish,  with  a  broad  black 
vitta  commencing  near  the  base,  and  extending  nearly  to  the  apex,  where  it 
curves  inwards  and  joins  the  suture,  which  is  also  black;  margin  behind  the 
middle  and  at  the  apex  black.  Beneath  piceous,  margin  of  the  abdomen  and 
feet  obscure  testaceous. 

3.  H.  a  r  c  u  a  t  a,  ovalis,  modice  convexa,  nigra,  capite  thoraceque  lateribus 
maculaque  apicali  3-dentata  albis,  elytris  subtiliter  punctatis,  basi  margineoue 
usque  ad  medium  tenuiter  albis,  pedibus  testaceis.  Long.  .07. 

One  male  found  at  the  mouth  of  the  Gila,  California.  Oval,  slightly  oblong, 
moderately  convex.  Head  obsoletely  punctured,  base  rounded,  scarcely  mar¬ 
gined,  black ;  sides  yellowish  white  ;  apex  with  a  transverse  yellow  spot,  pos¬ 
teriorly  3-dentate,  at  the  sides  almost  reaching  the  yellow  margin.  Elytra  dis¬ 
tinctly  punctured,  black,  with  a  narrow  arcuated  white  line  extending  from 
near  the  scutellum,  along  the  base  of  the  outer  margin  as  far  as  the  middle. 
Beneath  piceous,  feet  dark  testaceous. 

4.  H.  annex  a,  rotundato-ovalis,  convexa,  nigra,  thorace  lateribus  albis, 
elytris  obsolete  punctulatis,  vitta  suturali  lata,  alteraque  postice  abbreviata,  ad 
basin  extensa,  margineque  tenui  nigris.  Long.  *10. 

One  pair.  San  Francisco.  Rounded  oval,  less  convex  than  H.  militaris. 
Head  scarcely  punctulate,  in  the  male  yellow,  in  the  female  black.  Thorax 
scarcely  punctulate,  black,  lateral  margin  yellow.  Elytra  very  indistinctly 
punctulate,  yellow,  with  a  sutural  vitta  broader  in  front,  and  another  very  broad 
vitta  commencing  at  the  base  and  extending  to  within  one-seventh  of  the  apex 
deep  black  ;  outer  margin  and  apex  with  a  very  narrow  black  line.  Beneath 
blackish  piceous,  tarsi  paler ;  anterior  legs,  tibiae  and  tarsi  of  the  male  tes¬ 
taceous. 

In  the  female  the  black  vittae  are  much  broader,  so  that  the  elytra  appear 
black,  with  a  narrow  marginal  vitta  and  another  suboblique  discoidal  one  united 
osteriorly  to  the  marginal  vitta. 

5.  H.  quadrivittata,  rotundato-ovalis,  modice  convexa,  nigra,  valde 

21 


134  [August, 

punctulata,  thorace  lateribus  flavis,  elytris  margine  externo  et  apicali,  vittaque 
obliqua  utrinque  abbreviata  flavis.  Long.  *10. 

One  specimen  found  near  Long’s  Peak.  Similar  to  the  female  of  the  preced¬ 
ing,  but  is  strongly  punctulate,  and  the  discoidal  yellow  vitta  does  not  unite 
with  the  marginal  one.  The  organs  of  the  mouth  and  the  feet  are  piceous. 

6.  H.  consimilis,  hemispherica,  punctulata,  nigra,  thorace  margine 
laterali  pallido,  elytris  gutta  subbasali,  vitta  abbreviata  postica,  margineque 
externo  subundulato  flavis,  tibiis  anticis  testaceis.  Long.  -10. 

One  specimen  (female,)  Lake  Superior.  Very  similar  to  H.  disconotata 
(Muls.)  but  the  anterior  spot  does  not  reach  the  base,  the  posterior  spot  is  vitti- 
form,  extending  from  the  middle  to  within  one  seventh  of  the  apex ;  the  outer 
margin  is  much  narrower  and  but  slightly  undulated,  posteriorly  it  separates 
from  the  margin,  leaving  the  apex  black.  The  feet  are  black,  the  anterior  tibiae 
and  extremity  of  the  middle  tibiae  yellow. 

7.  H.  el  eg  an  s  Muls.  658;  Cocc.  undulata\\  Say  Jour.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  4,  92. 

Coccinella  lugubris  (Randall  Bost.  Journ.  Nat.  Hist.  2,  52),  is  probably  a 

variety  of  this  species ;  the  types  of  Randall’s  species  are,  however,  long  ago 
destroyed. 

8.  H.  fimbriolata  Mels.  Proc.  Ac,  Nat.  Sc.  3,  180  ;  II,  rufomarginata 
Muls.  661. 

9.  H.  iucu  nd  a,  hemispherica,  obsolete  punctulata,  capite  thoraceque  rufis, 
hoc  basi  medio  nigro,  lateribus  flavis,  elytris  nigris  maculis  utrinque  duabus 
margineque  externo  postice  abbreviato  flavis,  corpore  pedibusque  rufis. 
Long.  *12. 

One  specimen,  Illinois,  Mr.  Willcox.  Almost  hemispherical,  finely  and 
almost  obsoletely  punctulate.  Head  yellowish  rufous,  thorax  rufous,  sides 
broadly  yellow,  base  rounded  very  finely  margined,  black  as  far  as  the  yellow 
of  the  sides.  Elytra  black,  with  a  large  round  yellow  spot  before  the  middle 
and  another  slightly  reniform  one  towards  the  apex  ;  lateral  margin  yellow, 
from  the  base  for  two-thirds  the  length,  a  little  expanded  behind.  Pygidium 
rufous.  Body  beneath  and  feet  rufous. 

10.  H.  t  ae  n  i  a  t  a,  nigra,  hemispherica, nitidissima,  subtiliter  punctulata, elytris 
margine  laterali  antice,  maculaque  magna  triangulari  ad  marginem  extensa  ru- 
bris.  Long.  *10. 

One  specimen,  San  Diego,  California.  Almost  hemispherical,  black,  finely 
but  not  densely  punctulate,  very  shining.  Head  and  thorax  entirely  black,  punc¬ 
tures  of  the  latter  very  distinct.  Elytra  with  a  large  triangular  blotch  at  the 
middle,  extending  two-thirds  the  breadth  of  the  elytra,  to  the  margin,  where  it 
is  expanded  so  as  to  reach  the  base  ;  the  posterior  outline  is  a  little  emarginate 
towards  its  inner  part,  which  is  near  about  the  centre  of  the  elytron.  Body  be¬ 
neath  entirely  black. 

11.  H.  pratensis,  subhemispherica,  nigra,  valde  punctulata,  thorace 
lateribus  late  albis,  elytris  utrinque  trimaculatis,  maculis  duabus  anticis  trans- 
versim  positis,  tertia  subapicali  rufo-flavis,  pedibus  flavis.  Long  *15. 

One  specimen,  Missouri  Territory.  The  maculation  of  this  species  is  very 
similar  to  that  of  some  varieties  of  Brachiacantha  dentipes.  Almost  hemisphe¬ 
rical  black,  very  distinctly  punctulate ;  mouth  yellow;  thorax  with  a  large 
yellowish  white  spot  occupying  the  whole  of  the  side;  base  less  rounded  than 
usual,  subtruncate  at  the  middle.  Elytra  with  a  large  orange  colored  spot  be¬ 
fore  the  middle,  closer  to  the  suture  than  to  the  side ;  another  smaller  marginal 
one  opposite  the  posterior  part  of  the  discoidal  spot,  and  a  third  towards  the 
apex,  equidistant  between  the  sides  and  suture.  Beneath  shining  black,  legs 
yellow. 

12.  H.  s  ig  n  at  a  Muls.  683  ;  Core,  signata  Oliv.  Ent.  92,  7,  107. 

H.  hucopsis  Mels.  Pr.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  3,  179  (specimen  masculinum.) 


1852.] 


135 


33.  H.  bigeminata  Lee. ;  Cocc.  bigeminata  Rand.  Bost.  Journ.  2,  32. 

If.  G-uexi  Muls.  687. 

I  have  compared  my  specimens  with  Randall’s  type,  the  only  one  remaining 
in  his  collection  at  the  time  I  examined  it.  My  specimens  agree  perfectly  with 
Y  ulsant’s  description  of  H.  Guexi. 


CEneis  Muls. 


1.  (E.  puncticollis,  breviter,  ovata,  glabra,  nigra  nitida,  thorace  parce 
punctato,  lateribus  subrotundatis,  elytris  impunctatis.  Long.  *07. 

Southern  States.  Broadly  oval,  convex,  shining  black.  Head  sparsely  punc¬ 
tured  black,  with  yellow  palpi.  Thorax  very  short,  marked  with  a  few  distinct 
punctures,  base  rounded,  finely  margined,  sides  rounded,  posterior  angles 
slightly  rounded.  Feet  black. 


2.  CE.  p  u  s  i  1 1  a,  breviter  ovata,  glabra,  nigra,  nitida,  capite  thoraceque  la¬ 
teribus  flavis,  hoc  parce  punctulato,  elytris  impunctatis,  pedibus  flavis. 
Long.  *06. 

Georgia,  and  Missouri  Territory.  Very  similar  to  the  preceding,  but  besides 
the  differences  in  color  the  thorax  is  less  distinctly  punctured,  and  the  posterior 
angles  are  more  rounded.  A  specimen  from  New  York  has  the  head  and  tho¬ 
rax  entirely  black,  but  the  feet  are  yellow.  It  is  probably  the  female  of  this 
species. 

Scymnus  Kug. 

The  species  found  in  the  United  States  may  be  arranged  in  groups,  as  follows. 


A.  Abdominis  laminae  extus  omnino  obliteratae. 

a.  Elytra  maculis  discoidalibus  notata 

b.  Elytra  macula  apicali  notata 

B.  Abdominis  laminae  integrae  vel  vix  imperfectae 

1.  Abdominis  laminae  extus  interruptae 

2.  Abd.  lam.  integrae. 

c.  Elytra  testacea  .... 

d.  Elytra  nigra,  apice  testacea 

e.  Elytra  nigra  immaculata  .  .  • 


Sp.  1—5. 
Sp.  6—7. 


Sp.  8—9. 

Sp.  10—13. 
Sp.  14—21. 
Sp.  22—27. 


A. — a. 

1.  S.  am  ab  i  1  is  ,  ovalis,  minus  convexus,  ater  nitidus,  punctatus,  subtiliter 
pubescens,  capite,  thoracis  lateribus,  elytrorum  macula  obliqua,  fascia  postica, 
apice,  pedibusque  laete  flavis.  Long.  *07. 

New  Orleans,  one  specimen,  Mr.  Guex.  Oval,  less  convex  than  usual,  shining, 
finely  and  densely  punctured,  and  very  finely  pubescent.  Head  and  organs  of  the 
mouth  yellow.  Thorax  narrowed  in  front,  base  slightly  sinuous,  finely  margined, 
black,  sides  with  a  yellow  margin,  which  is  wider  in  front.  Elytra  forming  a 
very  distinct  angle  with  the  sides  of  the  thorax,  black,  with  a  large  transverse 
spot,  a  posterior  band  and  the  apex  yellow  ;  the  spot  is  oblique  and  extends  from 
just  below  the  humerus  to  the  middle  of  the  elytra,  ending  near  the  suture  ;  the 
band  is  placed  at  the  second  third  of  the  elytra,  is  sinuate  on  each  side,  and  at  the 
sides  and  suture  is  confluent  with  the  yellow  apical  margin,  so  that  on  each  side 
a  transverse  black  spot  is  included.  Under  surface  black,  venter  testaceous  at 
the  sides  and  apex  ;  feet  yellow. 

2.  S.  ornatus,  ellipticus,  convexus,  ater,  opacus,  breviter  pubescens,  sub¬ 
tiliter  punctulatus,  elytris  maculis  magnis  utrinque  duabus  auruntiacis.  Long.  *09. 

Lee.  Agassiz’  Lake  Superior,  239. 

One  specimen,  found  on  the  North  shore  of  Lake  Superior.  Elliptical,  mode¬ 
rately  convex,  black  without  lustre,  finely  punctulate,  and  covered  with  short 
gray  hair.  Thorax  narrowed  in  front,  slightly  rounded  on  the  sides,  base  not 
sinuate,  distinctly  margined  in  the  middle.  Elytra  with  a  large  oblique  orange 
colored  spot  before  the  middle,  and  another  rounded,  somewhat  transverse  one 
behind  the  middle  extending  nearly  to  the  sides  and  to  the  suture.  Under  sur- 


136  [August, 

face  black,  tibiae  and  tarsi  very  obscurely  rufo-piceous.  Abdominal  plates  shorter 
than  the  first  segment  of  the  abdomen. 

S.  (D  i  o  m  u  s)  m  y  r  m  i  d  o  n  Muls.  954,  seems  to  be  allied  to  this  species, 
but  the  yellow  feet,  testaceous  apex  of  the  elytra,  and  shorter  abdominal  plates, 
at  once  distinguish  it. 

3.  S.  guttulatus,  rotundatus,  convexus,  niger  nitidus,  punctulatus,  pubes- 
cens,  elytris  gutta  parva  utrinque  ad  medium,  alterisque  duabus  pone  medium 
rufis.  Long.  ’08. 

Two  specimens,  San  Francisco,  California.  Slightly  oval  rounded,  and  ‘con¬ 
vex,  black,  finely  punetulate,  tolerably  densely  pubescent.  Thorax  som  what 
narrowed  in  front,  very  slightly  rounded  on  the  sides,  not  margined  at  the  base, 
which  is  scarcely  sinuate.  Elytra  more  distinctly  punctured  than  the  thorax, 
marked  with  a  small  round  red  spot  at  the  middle  about  the  internal  third  of  the 
breadth,  and  two  others  placed  transversely  about  two  sevenths  from  the  apex, 
of  which  the  exterior  is  the  larger  and  slightly  oblique.  Under  surface  entirely 
black.  Abdominal  plates  a  little  shorter  than  the  first  joint  of  the  abdomen. 

4.  S.  fl  a  v  i  f  ro  n  s ,  rotundatus,  convexus,  niger,  punctatus,  breviter  pubes- 
cens,  elytris  macula  utrinque  pone  medium,  ore  tibiis  tarsisque  flavis.  Long.  *08. 

Melsheimer,  Pr.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  3,  181. 

New  York  and  Pennsylvania,  rare.  Rounded,  convex,  black  shining,  distinctly 
punctured,  covered  with  fine  gray  hair;  mouth  and  its  organs  yellow.  Thorax 
narrowed  in  front,  scarcely  rounded  on  the  sides,  finely  margined  at  the  base, 
which  is  truncate  in  front  of  the  scutellum,  and  obliquely  sinuous  each  side. 
Elytra  with  a  large  round  yellow  spot  at  the  posterior  third,  and  equidistant  from 
the  side  and  suture.  Body  beneath  entirely  black,  tibiae  and  tarsi  yellow.  Ab¬ 
dominal  plates  shorter  than  the  first  segment;  their  posterior  margin  is  parallel 
with  the  margin  of  the  segment,  and  reaches  the  side  as  in  the  preceding 
species. 

5.  S.  bioculatus,  rotundato-ovalis  convexus,  niger  punctatus,  cinereo- 
pubescens,  elytrorum  gutta  pone  medium,  tibiis  tarsisque  flavis.  Long.  *07. 

Muls.  960. 

Georgia,  rare.  This  species  exactly  resembles  the  last,  but  it  is  smaller  and 
more  oval,  the  elytra  being  a  little  narrowed  behind,  and  not  so  regularly  rounded 
on  the  sides,  as  in  S.  flavifrons.  The  punctures  of  the  elytra  are  somewhat 
larger.  In  one  specimen  the  head  is  testaceous,  in  the  other  it  is  black,  but  both 
are  females. 

A.— b. 

6.  S.  t  e  r  m  i  n  a  tu  s  ,  subrotundatus,  convexus,  niger  nitidus,  punctatus,  sub- 
tiliter  pubescens,  capite,  thoracis  abdominisque  lateribus  pedibusque  testaceis, 
elytris  apice  late  flavis.  Long.  *075. 

Say,  Bost.  Journ.  Nat.  Hist.  1,  203:  Muls.  952. 

Pennsylvania,  Georgia.  Rounded,  slightly  oval,  convex,  black  and  shining, 
covered  with  very  fine  gray  hair.  Head  testaceous;  thorax  finely  and  closely 
punctured,  narrowed  in  front,  but  litte  rounded  on  the  sides,  base  rounded,  finely 
margined,  scarcely  at  all  sinuous,  sides  narrowly  margined  with  testaceous. 
Elytra  more  coarsely  punctured,  apex  with  a  large  yellow  spot  occupying  about 
one-fifth  of  the  length,  and  having  its  anterior  boundary  slightly  convex.  Beneath 
black,  abdomen  testaceous,  black  at  base  ;  feet  yellowish;  the  abdominal  plates 
extend  to  the  posterior  margin  of  the  segment. 

Varies  with  the  sides  of  the  thorax  widely  testaceous,  and  the  apex  narrowly 
margined  with  the  same  color. 

Allied  to  this  species  is  S.  x  a  n  t  h  a  s  p  i  s  Muls.  952,  from  Florida,  which  is 
afterwards  (p.  1101)  considered  as  a  variety  of  S.  ochroderus;  its  yellow 
thorax  will  at  once  distinguish  it. 

7.  S.  femoralis,  subrotundatus,  convexus,  niger  nitidus,  punctatus  subtiliter 
pubescens,  capite  thoracis  lateribus,  elytrorum  apice  lata  testaceis,  tibiis  tarsis¬ 
que  piceis.  Long.  *075. 

One  specimen,  New  York.  Very  similar  to  the  last.  The  thorax  is  a  little 


1852.] 


137 


narrower,  the  lateral  testaceous  margin  is  very  narrow ;  the  body  beneath  and 
the  thighs  are  entirely  black,  the  tibiae  and  tarsi  fnceous.  The  abdominal  plates 
are  as  in  the  last,  but  seem  to  reach  the  posterior  margin  of  the  segment  near  the 
middle. 

B— 1. 

8.  S.  americanus,  breviter  ovatus,  ater,  minus  dense  punctatus,  pubescens, 
capite,  thoracis  lateribus,  abdomine,  pedibus,  elytrorum  apice  brevi  testaceis. 
Long.  *12. 

Muls.  965. 

New  York  and  Pennsylvania.  A  large  species  -with  short  ovate  black  body. 
Above  distinctly,  not  densely  punctured,  covered  with  coarse  gray  hair.  Head 
testaceous.  Thorax  usually  black,  with  testaceous  sides,  sometimes  entirely 
testaceous,  narrowed  in  front,  and  rounded  on  the  sides;  base  margined,  slightly 
truncate  at  the  scutellum,  scarcely  sinuous  each  side.  Elytra  with  a  distinct 
testaceous  apical  margin.  Beneath  black,  coarsely  punctured,  apex  and  sides  of 
the  abdomen  testaceous,  feet  yellow.  The  abdominal  plates  reach  nearly  to  the 
extremity;  their  margin  then  suddenly  turns  upwards  and  becomes  obsolete. 

9.  S.  nebulosus,  rotundato-ovalis,  convexus,  confertim  punctatus,  subtus 
niger,  supra  testaceus,  griseo-pubescens,  thorace  medio  obscuro,  elytris  irregu- 
lariter  parce  piceo-notatis,  pedibus  flavo-testaceis.  Long.  *09. 

One  specimen,  found  at  the  Colorado  River,  California.  Body  rounded  oval, 
convex,  coarsely  and  somewhat  densely  punctured,  above  testaceous,  densely 
pubescent.  Thorax  but  little  narrowed  in  front,  base  truncate  at  the  scutellum, 
and  finely  margined,  oblique,  but  not  sinuous  on  each  side ;  the  disc  is  darker  each 
side  of  the  medial  line.  Elytra  forming  a  distinct  angle  with  the  sides  of  the 
thorax,  irregularly  mottled  with  small  piceous  dots.  Body  beneath  black, 
coarsely  punctured,  anus  testaceous.  Abdominal  plates  reach  nearly  to  the  apex 
of  the  segment,  their  margin  then  turns  upwards,  but  does  not  reach  the  base. 
Feet  yellowish  testaceous. 

B.— 2— c. 

10.  S.  p  a  1 1  e  n  s,  rotundato-ovalis  convexus,  subtus  niger  supra  testaceus, 
pubescens,  elytris  subtilissime  punctulatis,  pedibus  flavo-testaceis.  Long.  *08. 

San  Francisco,  on  Spiraea.  Rounded,  slightly  oval,  convex,  above  yellow  tes¬ 
taceous,  finely  densely  pubescent,  thorax  not  visibly  punctured,  rounded  on  the 
sides,  base  very  finely  margined,  slightly  rounded.  Elytra  very  finely  punctu- 
late,  and  very  slightly  rugous.  Body  beneath  black,  finely  densely  punctulate, 
abdomen  posteriorly  margined  with  testaceous  ;  abdominal  plates  entire,  shorter 
than  the  first  segment,  laterally  not  extending  to  the  parapleurae :  their  margin 
is  smooth  and  shining.  Feet  yellow. 

11.  S.  d  e  b  i  1  i  s,  rotundato-ovalis,  testaceus,  pubescens,  elytris  minus  dense 
punctulatis,  pedibus  flavo-testaceis.  Long.  *05. 

One  specimen,  San  Jose,  California.  Rounded,  slightly  oval,  convex,  above 
yellow  testaceous,  finely  densely  pubescent.  Thorax  very  finely  punctulate, 
rounded  on  the  sides,  margined  at  the  base,  which  is  slightly  rounded.  Elytra 
finely  and  distinctly  punctured.  Body  beneath  darker,  finely  punctulate,  tip  of 
the  abdomen  and  feet  pale  yellow  testaceous.  (Abdominal  plates  not  examined.) 

12.  S.  c  i  n  c  t  u  s,  rotundato-ovalis,  modice  convexus,  punctatus,  longius  pubes¬ 
cens,  niger,  capite,  pedibus,  thorace  elytrisque  testaceis,  illo  macula  basali,  his 
vitta  suturali  postice  angustata  nigra.  Long.  ’09. 

One  specimen,  New  Orleans,  Mr.  Guex.  Seems  to  resemble  S.  Lcewii  and 
floralis  Muls .,  but  differs  from  the  first  by  its  entirely  yellow  feet,  and  from  the 
second  by  its  black  abdomen.  Rounded,  slightly  oval,  moderately  convex, 
finely  pubescent.  Head  yellow,  densely  punctured.  Thorax  narrowed  in  front, 
rounded  on  the  sides,  base  margined,  truncate  at  the  scutellum,  obliquely 
sinuous  each  side ;  punctured,  more  densely  at  the  sides,  yellow,  with  a  large 
black  spot,  occupying  two-thirds  of  the  base  and  extending  nearly  to  the  ante- 


138 


[August, 


rior  margin.  Elytra  tolerably  densely,  and  more  coarsely  punctured  than  the 
thorax,  yellow,  with  a  large  common  sutural  black  vitta,  which  fits  to  the  spot 
on  the  thorax,  and  is  gradually  narrowed  behind,  reaching  nearly  to  the  tip. 
Body  beneath  black,  densely  and  not  finely  punctured  :  abdominal  plates  scarcely 
shorter  than  the  first  segment,  reaching  laterally  to  the  parapleurae.  Feet  yel¬ 
low,  thighs  a  little  obscure. 

13.  S.  s  u  t  u  r  a  1  i  s,  rotundato-ovalis,  modice  convexus,  subtilius  punctatus, 
pubescens,  niger,  capite  thorace  elytrisque  obscure  testaceis,  illo  macula 
maxima  basali,  his  vitta  suturali  lateribusque  infuscatis,  tibiis  tarsisque  tes¬ 
taceis.  Long.  *08. 

One  specimen,  Colorado  River,  California.  Closely  allied  to  the  last,  but  is 
less  coarsely  punctured.  Head  testaceous,  very  finely  punctured.  Thorax  nar¬ 
rowed  in  front,  but  little  rounded  on  the  sides,  margined  at  the  base,  which  is 
truncate  at  the  scutellum,  and  very  slightly  sinuate  each  side  :  finely  not  densely 
punctured,  testaceous,  with  a  very  large  black  spot  occupying  nearly  all  the 
base,  and  extending  almost  to  the  apex.  Elytra  a  little  more  coarsely  punctured 
than  the  3thorax,  testaceous,  with  a  common  black  sutural  vitta  broad  at  the 
base,  and  gradually  narrowed  behind,  reaching  nearly  to  the  apex,  sides  from 
the  middle  to  near  the  apex  blackish :  epipleurae  testaceous.  Body  beneath 
black,  densely  punctured  ;  abdominal  plates  shorter  than  the  first  segment, 
hardly  extending  as  far  as  the  parapleurae.  Feet  piceous,  tibiae  and  tarsi 
testaceous. 


B.— 2— d. 

14.  S.  fraternus,  rotundato-ovalis,  convexus,  niger,  pubescens,  capite, 
thoracis  lateribus,  pedibusque  testaceis,  elytris  valde  punctatis,  apice  late  rufis. 
Long.  *09. 

Middle  States.  Rounded,  a  little  oval,  convex,  black  shining,  covered  with 
fine  gray  hair.  Head  and  thorax  finely  punctulate,  yellow,  the  latter  with  a 
large  basal  black  spot ;  sides  rounded,  base  margined,  truncate  at  the  scutellum, 
and  oblique  each  side.  Elytra  densely  punctured,  with  a  transverse  testaceous 
margin  at  the  apex,  which  covers  about  one-fifth  of  the  surface.  Body  beneath 
black,  densely  punctured,  abdominal  plates  shorter  than  the  segment,  smooth  at 
the  margin,  extending  as  far  as  the  parapleurae.  Feet  testaceous,  margin  of  the 
abdomen  rufous. 

15.  S.  h  ae  m  or  r  h  o  u  s,  rotundato-ovalis,  convexus  niger,  pubescens,  capite 
thoracis  macula  laterali,  pedibusque  testaceis,  elytris  grosse  punctatis,  apice 
late  rufis.  Long.  *09. 

This  species  is  very  similar  to  the  last,  but  the  punctures  of  the  elytra  are 
larger  and  less  dense.  I  have  only  a  single  specimen  from  New  York. 

Rounded,  slightly  oval,  convex,  black  shining,  finely  pubescent.  Head  testa¬ 
ceous,  finely  punctulate.  Thorax  black,  with  a  yellow  lateral  spot  reaching 
from  the  anterior  margin  nearly  to  the  base,  which  is  truncate  at  the  scutellum, 
and  oblique  each  side,  marginal  line  distinct,  sides  rounded.  Elytra  forming  a 
distinct  angle  with  the  sides  of  the  thorax,  coarsely  and  not  densely  punctured, 
with  a  broad  testaceous  apical  margin  covering  about  one-fifth  of  the  surface. 
Body  beneath  as  in  the  last,  but  the  sides  of  the  venter  are  scarcely  testaceous. 
Feet  testaceous. 

The  apical  spot  is  not  sufficiently  large  to  permit  this  species  to  be  referred 
to  S.  B  r  u  1 1  e  i  Muls.  934. 

16.  S.  c  h a  t  c  ha s,  rotundato-ovalis,  convexus,  niger  punctatus,  pubescens, 
capite  thoraceque  testaceis,  hoc  macula  basali  nigra,  elytris  margine  apicali, 
ano  pedibusque  rufo-testaceis.  Long.  *09. 

Muls.  986. 

Atlantic  States  and  Missouri  Territory.  Broad  oval,  convex,  black,  shining 
and  moderately  pubescent.  Head  and  thorax  finely  punctulate,  yellow,  the 
latter  with  a  small  basal  black  spot  reaching  nearly  to  the  middle  ;  very  much 
narrowed  in  front  on  the  sides,  base  obtuse  at  the  scutellum,  oblique  each  side, 
marginal  line  distinct.  Elytra  somewhat  plumbeous,  densely  but  not  deeply 


139 


1852.J 

fmnctured,  apical  margin  testaceous.  Beneath  black,  densely  punctured,  two 
ast  segments  of  the  abdomen  and  feet  yellow  :  the  abdominal  plates  are  nearly 
as  long  as  the  segment,  smooth,  except  at  base,  and  extend  to  the  parapleurae. 

17.  S.  c  a  u  d  a  1  i  s,  breviter  ovalis,  convexus,  niger,  pubescens,  capite  thorace- 
que  punctulatis,  rufis,  hoc  medio  nfgro,  elytris  grossius  punctatis,  margine  api- 
cali,  ano,  pedibusque  rufo-testaceis.  Long.  *08 — 09. 

Lee.  Agassiz’  Lake  Superior,  238. 

? Scymnus  ( Pullus )  creperus  Muls.  Coce.  985. 

Georgia  and  Rocky  Mountains.  Very  similar  to  the  last  species,  differs  only 
in  the  punctures  of  the  elytra  being  larger  and  less  dense,  and  the  spot  on  the 
thorax  less  defined,  reaching  nearly  to  the  apex.  The  abdominal  plates  are  as 
in  the  last,  smooth,  except  at  base.  I  do  not  feel  certain  that  this  is  really 
Mulsant’s  species;  it  agrees  better  with  his  S.  f  a  s  t  i  g  i  a  t  u  s,  (936)  but  the 
abdominal  plates  are  distinctly  shorter  than  the  segment. 

18.  S.  c  o  n  sobri  n  us,  breviter  ovalis,  convexus,  niger  densius  pubescens, 
capite  thoraceque  subtilius  parce  punctulatis  flavis,  hoc  medio  nigro,  elytris  sat 
dense  punctatis,  margine  apicali,  ano,  pedibusque  rufo-testaceis.  Long.  *08. 
Scymnus  caudalis\ Lee.  1.  c.  238. 

One  male  specimen,  Lake  Superior.  Broadly  oval,  convex,  black,  covered 
with  dense  gray  hair ;  head  and  thorax  finely  and  sparsely  punctulate,  yellow, 
the  latter  with  a  large  ill-defined  black  spot,  occupying  half  the  base,  and  ex¬ 
tending  nearly  to  the  apex,  sides  rounded,  base  margined,  obtuse  in  the  middle, 
oblique  each  side.  Elytra  tolerably  densely,  not  deeply  punctured,  apical  mar¬ 
gin  testaceous.  Beneath  black,  densely  punctured,  abdominal  plates  almost 
reaching  the  posterior  margin  of  the  segment,  densely  punctured,  smooth  only  at 
the  inner  margin,  tip  of  the  abdomen  testaceous.  Feet  yellow. 

This  may  be  S.  fastigiatus,  Muls.,  but  as  he  does  not  mention  the  sculp¬ 
ture  of  the  thorax,  or  abdominal  plates,  I  cannot  be  certain  of  its  identity.  I 
erroneously  considered  this  as  the  male  of  the  preceding  species. 

19.  S.  puncticollis,  breviter  ovalis,  convexus,  niger,  pubescens,  capite 
thoraceque  dense  subtiliter  punctatis,  hoc  macula  laterali  testacea,  elytris  dense 
punctatis,  margine  apicali,  ano,  tibiis  tarsisque  testaceis.  Long.  *09. 

One  female,  Upper  Mississippi.  Broadly  oVal,  convex,  black,  covered  with 
gray  hair.  Head  finely  punctured,  mouth  testaceous.  Thorax  black,  with  a 
small  yellow  spot  at  the  anterior  angles,  finely  and  densely  punctured,  margined 
at  the  base,  which  is  obtuse  in  the  middle  and  obliquely  sinuate  each  side. 
Elytra  densely  punctured,  with  a  narrow  testaceous  apical  margin.  Beneath 
black,  densely  punctured,  abdominal  plates  extending  almost  to  the  posterior 
margin  of  the  segment,  punctured,  smooth  towards  the  inner  margin.  Sides  and 
tip  of  the  abdomen,  tibiae  and  tarsi  ferruginous ;  femora  piceous. 

20.  S.  c  e  r  vi  c  al  i s,  rotundato-ovalis,  convexus,  breviter  dense  pubescens, 
niger,  capite  thoraceque  rufis  vix  subtiliter  punctulatis,  elytris  confertim  punc¬ 
tatis,  apice  angustissima,  ano,  pedibusque  rufis.  Long.  *085. 

Muls.  Cocc.  984. 

Common  in  the  Southern  States.  Rounded,  oval,  convex,  covered  with  short 
gray  hair.  Head  very  sparsely  and  finely  punctulate,  rufous.  Thorax  rufous, 
scarcely  punctulate,  base  margined,  obliquely  subsinuate  each  side,  obtuse  in 
the  middle.  Elytra  shining  black,  tolerably  densely  punctured,  extreme  apical 
margin  testaceous.  Beneath  black,  coarsely  punctured,  last  joint  of  the  abdo¬ 
men  rufo-piceous :  abdominal  plates  a  little  shorter  than  the  segment,  smooth, 
punctured  at  base.  Feet  rufous. 

21.  S.  s  o  c  e  r,  rotundato-ovalis,  convexus,  breviter  pubescens,  niger,  capite 
thoraceque  parce  punctulatis,  rufis,  hoc  macula  basali  nigra,  elytris  minus  dense 
punctatis,  apice  angustissima,  abdominis  apice,  pedibusque  flavis.  Long.  *07. 

Georgia,  one  specimen.  Very  similar  to  S.  cervicalis,  but  smaller,  and  less 
densely  punctured  on  the  elytra.  Rounded  oval,  convex,  covered  with  short 
gray  hair.  Head  and  thorax  very  sparsely  and  finely  punctured,  rufous,  the  lat¬ 
ter  with  a  large  black  spot  occupying  more  than  half  the  base  and  reaching 
nearly  to  the  apex  ;  base  margined,  obtuse  in  the  middle,  oblique  and  scarcely 
sinuated  each  side.  Elytra  distinctly  punctured,  black,  shining,  with  the  ex- 


140 


[August, 


treme  apical  margin  testaceous.  Beneath  black,  coarsely  punctured,  last  three 
joints  of  the  abdomen  yellow ;  abdominal  plates  shorter  than  the  segment, 
smooth,  punctured  only  at  their  base.  Feet  yellow. 

B— 2— e.  * 

22.  S.  marginicollis,  rotundato-ovalis,  convexus,  longius  pubescens, 
niger,  capite  thoraceque  subtilius  punctulatis  rufis,  hoc  macula  basali  nigra, 
elytris  sat  dense  punctatis,  femoribus  anticis  rufis.  Long  *095. 

Mannerheim,  Bull.  Mosc.  1843,  313.  Muls.  Cocc.  1053. 

San  Francisco  and  San  Diego,  California.  Rounded  oval,  convex,  covered 
with  longer  gray  hair  than  usual.  Head  and  thorax  finely  and  sparsely  punctu- 
late,  rufous  ;  the  latter  with  a  basal  black  spot,  small  in  the  male,  large  in  the 
female,  base  very  finely  margined,  scarcely  sinuate.  Elytra  not  deeply  but 
tolerably  densely  punctured,  entirely  black.  Body  beneath  black,  densely 
punctured,  abdominal  plates  a  little  shorter  than  the  segment,  smooth  at  their 
margin.  Feet  black,  anterior  thighs  rufous. 

23.  S.  tenebrosus,  subhemisphericus,  niger,  pubescens,  thorace  sub¬ 
tilius  punctulato,  elytris  minus  dense  punctulatis,  pedibus  testaceis.  Long. 
•095. 

Muls.  Cocc.  989. 

Southern  States,  not  common.  Almost  hemispherical,  black  shining,  covered 
with  fine  pubescence.  Head  finely  punctured,  testaceous  in  the  male,  black  in 
the  female  ;  mouth  testaceous.  Thorax  sparsely  and  finely  punctulate,  base 
margined,  obtusely  truncate  at  the  middle,  obliquely  subsinuate  each  side. 
Elytra  distinctly,  but  not  densely  punctured.  Beneath  black,  coarsely  punc¬ 
tured  ;  abdominal  plates  a  little  shorter  than  the  segment,  posteriorly  smooth. 
Feet  testaceous. 

24.  S.  1  a  c  u  s  t  r  i  s  ,  breviter  ovalis,  convexus,  niger,  pubescens,  elytris  sat 
dense  punctatis,  pedibus  testaceis  basi  nigris.  Long.  *09. 

Le  Conte,  Agassiz’  Lake  Superior,  239 ;  Muls.  Cocc.  989. 

Var.  (8.  nigrivestis  Muls.  Cocc.  990. 

North  shore  of  Lake  Superior.  Very  similar  to  the  preceding,  but  easily  dis¬ 
tinguished  by  the  color  of  the  feet.  Oval,  almost  hemispherical,  shining  black, 
finely  pubescent.  Head  finely  punctured,  mouth  testaceous.  Thorax  sparsely 
and  finely  punctured,  base  margined,  truncate  in  the  middle,  oblique  each  side. 
Elytra  moderately  densely  punctured.  Body  beneath  black,  densely  punctured, 
more  finely  upon  the  abdomen  ;  abdominal  plates  scarcely  shorter  than  the 
segment,  smooth,  punctured  at  base.  Feet  testaceous,  femora  black  for  two- 
thirds  the  length.  The  apex  of  the  abdomen  of  the  male  is  more  deeply 
impressed  than  usual.  Varies  with  the  feet  entirely  black. 

25.  S.  abbre  viatu  s,  breviter  ovalis,  convexus,  niger  pubescens,  elytris 
confertim  punctatis,  pedibus  rufo-piceis,  abdominis  laminis  brevibus.  Long. 
•085. 

One  female,  Eagle  Harbor,  Lake  Superior.  Oval,  almost  hemispherical, 
black,  densely  pubescent.  Head  finely  and  densely  punctured.  Thorax  sparsely 
punctured  on  the  disc,  densely  at  the  sides,  base  finely  margined  obtusely 
rounded  in  the  middle.  Elytra  densely  and  coarsely  punctured.  Body  beneath 
densely  punctured ;  abdominal  plates  three-fifths  as  long  as  the  segment,  mar¬ 
gin  smooth.  Feet  entirely  dark  rufous. 

26.  S.  nanus,  rotundato-ovalis,  convexus,  nigro-piceus,  parce  pubescens, 
thorace  parce  punctulato,  elytris  parce  minus  subtiliter  punctatis,  pedibus  rufis. 
Long.  *06. 

Two  specimens,  Missouri  territory.  Oval  rounded,  convex,  blackish  piceous, 
sparsely  covered  with  fine  pubescence.  Head  finely  punctulate,  mouth  rufous. 
Thorax  finely  and  sparsely  punctulate,  anterior  angles  rufous  ;  base  margined, 
obtuse  in  the  middle.  Elytra  distinctly,  but  not  densely  punctured.  Body 
beneath  punctured,  abdominal  plates  not  shorter  than  the  segment,  smooth  at 


1852.] 


141 


their  margin,  scarcely  extending  to  the  parapleurae.  Feet  rufous.  Anus  of  the 
male  broadly  emarginatfe. 

27.  S.  punctum,  rotundato-ovalis  convexus  niger,  parce  pubescens, 
thorace  lateribus  confertim  punctatis,  elytris  subtiliter  parce  punctatis,  pedibus 
testaceis,  femoribus  posterioribus  piceis.  Long.  *05. 

Two  specimens,  North  shore  of  Lake  Superior.  On  account  of  its  size  and 
form  it  resembles  the  preceding,  but  the  coarsely  punctured  thorax  distinguishes 
it.  Rounded  oval,  convex,  shining  black,  covered  with  line  and  sparse  pubes¬ 
cence.  Head  obsoletely  punctulate,  antennae  yellow.  Thorax  finely  and 
sparsely  punctured  at  the  middle,  coarsely  and  densely  at  the  sides,  base 
margined,  obtuse  in  the  middle,  subsinuate  each  side.  Elytra  finely  and 
sparsely  punctured.  Body  beneath  coarsely  punctured,  abdominal  plates  smooth, 
punctured  at  base,  considerably  shorter  than  the  segment,  not  extending  late¬ 
rally  to  the  parapleurae.  Feet  testaceous-yellow,  four  posterior  thighs  piceous. 

The  following  species  I  have  not  seen  : 

S.  ochroderus  Muls.  var.  xanthaspis ,  Muls.  952. 

S.  myrmidon  Muls.  954. 

S.  icteratus  Muls.  969. 

S.  Brullei  Muls.  954. 

S.  fastigiatus  Muls.  986. 

S.  punctatus  Mels.  Pr.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  3,  180. 

S.  collaris  Mels,  ibid.,  is  probably  one  of  the  species  in  B — 2 — d,  but 
the  description  is  not  sufficiently  definite  to  permit  its  determination. 


Div.  2.  Corylophi. 

This  division  contains  very  small  species,  most  of  which  are  remarkable  for 
having  the  thorax  produced  in  front  above  the  head,  as  in  Cassida,  or  Cossy- 
phus.  They  differ  in  their  habits  from  the  genuine  Coccinellae,  most  of  them 
being  found  in  putrid  vegetable  matter.  At  times  they  are  found  flying  about 
at  twilight  in  great  numbers. 

Redtenbacher  has  founded  upon  these  insects  his  family  Clypeastres,  con¬ 
sidering  the  narrowness  of  the  second  tarsal  joint  and  the  hood-like  form  of  the 
thorax  as  sufficiently  important  to  separate  them.  The  mandibles  are  usually 
crenate  internally,  but  according  to  Erichson  there  is  a  gradual  transition  from 
that  form  to  the  simple  mandibles  of  many  Coccinellae.  The  hood-like  form  of 
the  thorax  can  also  be  of  but  little  importance,  since  in  the  genus  Orthoperus, 
which  evidently  belongs  with  Corylophus,  this  anterior  prolongation  is  wanting. 
We  have  thus  left  only  two  characters,  the  narrow  tarsi,  and  the  ciliated  wings, 
which  however  useful  for  systematic  division,  seem  to  be  rather  slight  charac¬ 
ters  for  the  establishment  of  a  natural  family.  In  the  genus  Rypobius  the  tarsi 
are  also  considerably  dilated.  For  these  reasons  I  have  followed  Erichson  in 
uniting  these  genera  with  the  Coccinellidae,  establishing  however  a  special 
group  under  that  family  for  their  reception.  Clambus  must  be  absolutely 
excluded  from  the  Coccinellidae,  since  the  peculiar  laminated  structure  of  its 
posterior  coxa  is  entirelv  without  analogy  in  this  tribe,  and  is  found  only  in  the 
singular  genus  Sphaerius,  placed  by  Erichson  among  the  Trichopterygia. 

I  have  but  one  new  generus  to  add  to  this  group.  Those  found  in  the  United 
States  are  thus  related  . 

1.  Caput  liberum. 

Antennae  9-articulatae,  tarsi  dilatati, 

Antennae  9-articulatae,  tarsi  angusti, 

1.  Caput  obtectum,  tarsi  angusti. 

Antennae  9-articulatae,  corpus  rotundatum,  glabrum, 

Antennae  10-articulatae,  elytra  truncata,  . 

Antennae  11-articulatae,  corpus  ellipticum,  pubescens, 

22 


Rypobius  Lee. 
Orthoperus  Steph. 

Corylophus  Leach. 
Sericoderus  Steph. 
Sacium  Lee. 


142 


[August, 


Rypobius  Lee. 

Caput  thorace  non  obtectum,  clypeo  prolongato ;  antennae  longiusculae,  inter 
oculos  insertae,  9-articulatae,  articulo  lmo  magno  conico,  2ndo  oblongo  sesqui 
breviore  et  angustiore,  3  et  4  parvis  tenuissimis  ;  5*o  iterum  elongato,  crassiore 
conico,  6to  minuto,  ultimis  tribus  interne  dilatatis  latitudine  non  brevioribus, 
clavam  oblongam  formantibus  ;  tarsi  4-articulati,  articulo  2ndo  dilatato,  lobato, 
3'°  recepto,  unguiculari  elongato,  unguibus  simplicibus. 

This  genus  agrees  closely  in  characters  with  the  next,  but  differs  by  its 
broad  tarsi,  which  are  similar  to  those  of  the  genuine  Coccinellidae.  The  thorax 
is  rounded  in  front,  extending  slightly  over  the  head,  but  not  concealing  it.  The 
posterior  angles  are  rectangular,  not  produced  ;  the  elytra  are  subtruncate  at 
the  apex.  The  body  is  elliptical,  a  little  narrowed  behind,  moderately  convex  and 
glabrous.  The  prosternum  is  very  narrow  and  acute,  the  mesosternum  extremely 
small  and  rounded  in  front ;  the  tibiae  are  a  little  dilated  towards  the  extremity. 

1.  R.  marinus,  nigro-piceus,  nitidus,  subtilissime  alutaceus,  thoracis 
angulis  posticis,  epipleuris,  tibiis  tarsisque  rufescentibus.  Long.  *04. 

Two  specimens  found  at  Coney  Island  under  a  dead  Limulus  Polyphemus. 
Shining  piceous  black,  very  finely  rugous,  moderately  convex.  Antennae  testa¬ 
ceous  at  base.  Thorax  twice  as  wide  as  long,  almost  semicircular,  very  slightly 
sinuous  at  the  apex,  finely  margined  on  the  sides,  base  straight,  posterior  angles 
subrectangular,  somewhat  rufous.  Scutellum  distinct.  Elytra  one-half  longer 
than  wide,  a  little  narrow’ed  behind,  conjointly  broadly  rounded  at  the  apex, 
very  indistinctly  punctulate ;  epipleurae  rufo-piceous ;  feet  piceous,  tibiae  and 
tarsi  paler. 


MiCRosPHiERA  Redt. 

Caput  liberum.  Antennae  breviusculae,  9-articulatae,  inter  oculos  insertae, 
articulo  lrao  magno,  conico,  2ndo  vix  breviore  at  sesqui  tenuiore,  3i°  et  4to 
minutis,  5t0  conico  crassiore  et  longiore,  6to  iterum  minuto,  tribus  ultimis  intus 
dilatatis  crassitie  subbrevioribus  ;  tarsi  non  dilatati,  articulo  2ndo  paulo  breviore, 
3io  fere  obsoleto,  unguiculari  elongato,  unguibus  integris. 

I  have  a  little  hesitation  in  referring  the  species  here  described  to  Redten- 
bacher’s  Microsphcera,  as  the  mandibles  are  not  entire,  as  described  by  him,  but 
armed  with  three  very  minute  teeth.  The  palpi  agree  in  form,  but  the  third 
joint  of  the  tarsi  is  not  cordiform,  and  indeed  is  scarcely  visible.  Redtenbacher’s 
insect  is  pubescent,  while  ours  is  glabrous,  and  this  character  is  one  of  great 
constancy  in  this  family.  The  genus  Orthoperus  (Stephens)  also  agrees  nearly 
with  our  insect,  but  is  described  as  having  the  club  of  the  antennae  two  jointed ; 
the  inaccuracy  of  the  English  authors  in  the  description  of  minute  species  is 
however  so  well  known,  that  no  great  stress  should  be  laid  upon  that  character, 
especially  as  according  to  all  analogy  it  must  be  impossible  in  this  tribe  for  a 
genus  to  have  but  two  joints  in  the  antennal  club.  Pithephilus  (Heer)  is  con¬ 
sidered  by  Erichson  as  identical  with  Microsphcera  (Redt.),  although  it  is 
described  as  having  pentamerous  tarsi.  This  mistake  might  readily  occur,  as 
the  joints  are  very  closely  united.  There  can  be  no  doubt  about  the  proper 
place  of  the  genus  in  this  tribe,  as  the  wings  are  strongly  ciliated  just  as  in 
Corylophus. 

1.  M.  glabra,  nigro-picea,  ovata,  nitida,  elytris  obsoletissime  punctu- 
latis.  Long.  -02. 

Middle  and  Southern  States  ;  on  leaves.  Ovate,  a  little  narrowed  behind, 
moderately  convex,  entirely  piceous  black,  shining.  Head  deflexed,  thorax 
more  than  twice  as  wide  as  long,  narrowed  in  front,  emarginate  at  apex, 
scarcely  margined  on  the  sides ;  base  obsoletely  sinuate,  posterior  angles  rec¬ 
tangular.  Scutellum  minute.  Elytra  narrowed  a  little  posteriorly,  rounded  at  the 
apex,  and  a  little  shorter  than  the  abdomen,  very  sparsely  and  obsoletely  punc¬ 
tured  ;  feet  slender,  black. 


1852.] 


143 


-Oorylophus  Leach. 

Caput  thorace  obtectum.  Antennae  9-articulatae,  articulis  duobus  primis 
elongatis  crassis,  3io  et  4to  minutis,  5t0  elongato,  conico,  6*0  minuto,  tribus 
ultimis  magnis,  crassitie  vix  brevioribus ;  tarsi  filiformes,  articulo  3io  non 
recepto,  unguiculari  longo,  unguibus  simplicibus.  Corpus  rotundatum  convexum 
glabrum. 

1.  C.  rnarginicollis,  rotundatus,  niger  nitidus,  thorace  basi  obtuse 
producto,  lateribus  et  apice  testaceo-marginato,  elytris  punctulatis,  pedibus 
flavis.  Long.  *03. 

Middle  and  Southern  States,  on  leaves.  Body  rounded,  convex,  shining  black. 
Thorax  semicircular,  margin  testaceous,  base  obtusely  angulated  in  the  middle, 
posterior  angles  obtuse.  Elytra  strongly  punctulate,  a  little  rounded  at  the 
apex.  Legs  yellow  testaceous. 

2.  C.  truncatus,  rotundatus,  piceus,  thorace  testaceo  basi  truncato, 
elytris  subrugosis  vix  punctulatis,  pedibus  flavis.  Long.  -03. 

New  York,  under  stones.  Form  and  size  of  the  preceding.  Thorax  testaceous, 
sometimes  darker  on  the  disk ;  posterior  margin  almost  straight,  posterior 
angles  acute  a  little  produced.  Elytra  scarcely  punctured,  finely  wrinkled. 
Feet  testaceous. 


Sericoderus  Steph. 

Gryphinus  Redt. 

Caput  thorace  obtectum  minutum.  Antennae  10-articulatae,  articulis  1  et  2 
crassis,  clava  3-articulata.  Tarsi  filiformes,  articulo  3io  minuto,  non  recepto, 
unguiculari  longo.  Corpus  ovatum  convexum,  pubescens,  thoracis  angulis 
posticis  productis,  elytris  postice  angustatis  apice  truncatis. 

The  English  genus  Sericoderus  is  described  as  having  the  antennal  club  three 
jointed,  but  Corylophus  too  has  the  same  structure,  according  to  British  autho¬ 
rity.  (Vide  Westwood’s  Modern  Classif.  Insects.)  Comparing  other  characters, 
such  as  the  form  of  the  thorax  and  elytra,  and  above  all  the  figure  in  Shuckard’s 
Illustrations  of  British  Coleoptera,  I  find  no  reason  why  Redtenbacher’s  genus 
should  be  retained  ;  however,  we  owe  to  him  the  first  good  description  of  the 
genus.  (Fauna  Austr.  573.) 

1.  S.  fl  a  vidus,  flavo-testaceus,  flavo-pubescens,  thorace  macula  antica 
obscura  notato,  basi  late  sinuato,  elytris  subtilissime  punctulatis.  Long.  *03. 

New  York  and  Lake  Superior.  Ovate,  one-half  longer  than  wide,  uniformly 
yellowish  testaceous,  densely  pubescent.  Thorax  semi-circular,  margined, 
with  a  fuscous  spot  at  the  apex  ;  base  broadly  rounded  in  the  middle,  sinuate 
each  side,  posterior  angles  moderately  produced.  Elytra  very  finely  and 
densely  punctulate,  very  slightly  narrowed  to  the  apex,  which  is  broadly  trun¬ 
cate.  Pectus  dusky. 

2.  S.  obscurus,  rufo-piceus,  flavo-pubescens,  thorace  lateribus  rufis, 
basi  utrinque  subangulato,  elytris  subtiliter  punctulatis,  apice  pedibusque  flavis. 
Long.  *025. 

One  specimen,  New  York.  Smaller  than  the  preceding  and  a  little  narrower. 
The  thorax  is  more  broadly  rounded  in  the  middle,  and  the  posterior  angles  are 
more  produced,  forming  with  the  middle  of  the  base  a  distinct  angle.  The 
elytra  are  a  little  more  narrowed  behind,  and  seem  more  distinctly  punctured, 
the  truncated  margin  is  yellowish.  Beneath  dusky,  feet  and  tip  of  the  abdomen 
yellowish. 

3.  S.  subtilis,  flavo-testaceus,  flavo-pubescens,  thorace  macula  antica 
obscura  notato,  angulis  posticis  valde  productis,  elytris  punctulatis.  Long.  *02. 

Illinois,  Mr.  Willcox.  Smaller  and  more  convex  than  S.  flavidus,  with  the 
thorax  not  so  transverse,  and  the  posterior  angles  much  more  produced.  The 
elytra  are  more  narrowed  posteriorly  and  more  distinctly  punctured.  The  pectus 
is  scarcely  darker  than  the  abdomen. 


144 


[August, 


Sacium  Lee. 

Antenna  11-articulata ,  clavatce9  clava  elongata ,  5-articulata,  articulo  2ndo 
minors ;  thorax  captit  obtegens ;  tarsi  angusti  ;  corpus  elliptic-urn ,  subtiliter 
pubescens . 

This  genus  is  precisely  equivalent  to  Clypeaster,  as  limited  by  Redtenbacher, 
(Faun.  Austr.  572.)  The  name  Clypeaster  can,  however,  never  be  retained  for  it, 
as  a  genus  of  Echini  has  long  before  been  known  under  the  same  name.  I  have 
therefore  felt  myself  compelled  to  propose  a  new  name,  which  however  I  will 
apply  only  to  our  native  species,  leaving  to  any  European  Entomologist,  who 
desires  it,  the  task  of  transferring  the  species  found  in  his  country.  I  do  this  the 
more  willingly,  as  I  have  no  desire  to  attach  my  name  to  species,  which  I  would 
not  recognise  if  they  were  placed  before  me. 

1.  S.  lugubre,  elongato-ellipticum,  nigrum,  subtiliter  parce  pubescens, 
thorace  antice  utrinque  testaceo,  elytris  minus  dense  punctatis.  Long  .  *08. 

Two  specimens  ;  north  shore  of  Lake  Superior.  Elongate  elliptical,  slightly 
convex,  shining  black.  Thorax  semi-elliptical,  a  little  longer  than  wide,  broadly 
margined,  except  at  the  apex ;  finely,  not  densely  punctulate,  and  finely 
pubescent,  marked  with  a  small  testaceous  diaphanous  spot  each  side  of  the 
apex ;  base  very  slightly  sinuated.  Elytra  a  little  wider  than  the  thorax, 
broadly  rounded  behind,  and  a  little  shorter  than  the  abdomen,  distinctly  and 
not  densely  punctured,  and  sparsely  pubescent :  disc  slightly  impressed  at  the 
middle  of  the  suture,  which  is  a  little  elevated  behind. 

2.  S.  obscurum,  elongato-ellipticum,  dense  subtiliter  pubescens,  atrum, 
thorace  antice  utrinque  testaceo,  elytris  dense  subtiliter  punctatis.  Long.  *08. 

North  shore  of  Lake  Superior,  two  specimens.  This  is  very  similar  to  S. 
lugubre,  but  the  elytra  are  much  more  finely  punctured.  The  feet  are  piceous. 

3.  S.  amabile,  elongato-ellipticum,  thorace  testaceo  medio  nigro,  elytris 
subtiliter  punctulatis  piceis,  macula  basali,  altera  ad  medium  apieeque  testaceis, 
pedibus  flavis.  Long.  *07 — *06. 

Junction  of  the  Colorado  and  Gila  rivers.  Similar  in  form  to  the  preceding, 
clothed  with  fine  prostrate  hair.  Head  yellow.  Thorax  semi-elliptical,  a  little 
longer  than  wide,  sinuate  at  base,  moderately  margined  on  the  sides,  testaceous 
with  a  black  vitta  reaching  from  the  apex  almost  to  the  base.  Elytra  scarcely 
wider  than  the  thorax,  broadly  subtruncate  at  the  apex,  finely  punctulate,  black, 
with  a  spot  at  the  base,  another  transverse  one  just  behind  the  middle  and  the 
apex  testaceous  ;  suture  not  elevated.  Beneath  black,  feet  yellow. 

4.  S,  fasciatum,  ellipticum,  subtiliter  pubescens,  thorace  testaceo,  medio 
nigro,  elytris  subtiliter  punctatis  nigris,  fascia  pone  medium,  apieeque  flavis, 
sterno  pedibusque  flavo-testaceis.  Long.  *06. 

Clypeaster  fasciatus  Say,  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  5,  259. 

Middle  States,  rare.  Elliptical,  a  little  broader  than  the  preceding  species, 
finely  pubescent.  Head  yellow.  Thorax  semicircular,  testaceous,  dusky  in  the 
middle,  sides  finely  margined,  base  subsinuate.  Elytra  finely,  not  densely 
punctured,  shining  black,  with  a  fascia  behind  the  middle,  posterior  lateral  mar¬ 
gin  and  the  apex  yellow,  apex  almost  truncate;  pygidium  piceous.  Beneath 
dark  piceous,  metasternum  and  first  joint  of  the  abdomen  diagonally  testaceous; 
raesosternum,  prosternum  and  feet  yellow-testaceous. 

5.  S.  lepidum,  ellipticum,  nigro-piceum,  subtiliter  pubescens,  thorace 
medio  nigro,  antice  utrinque  testaceo,  elytris  densius  punctulatis,  fascia  angusta 
pone  medium,  apieeque  testaceis,  pedibus  obscure  rufis.  Long.  *05. 

One  specimen,  Habersham  county,  Georgia.  Very  similar  to  the  preceding, 
but  the  thorax  is  much  darker,  being  testaceous  only  each  side  of  the  apex.  The 
elytra  are  more  finely  and  densely  punctulate,  the  testaceous  fascia  is  dark 
colored  and  less  distinct ;  the  under  surface  of  the  body  is  uniform  black,  and 
the  feet  are  not  yellow,  but  dark  rufous. 

6.  S.  lunatum,  latius  ellipticum,  pubescens,  nigro-piceum,  thorace  medio 
nigro,  margine  testaceo,  elytris  subtilissime  punctulatis,  macula  utrinque  pone 
medium  lunata,  margineque  postico  flavis  ;  pedibus  piceis.  Long.  *04. 


1852.] 


145 


One  specimen,  Missouri  Territory.  Much  smaller  and  broader  than  S.  fascia- 
turn,  piceous  black,  finely  pubescent,  thorax  black  in  the  middle,  margin  testa¬ 
ceous  and  diaphanous  at  the  sides  and  apex  ;  base  sinuated.  Elytra  not  wider 
than  the  thorax,  finely  not  very  densely  punctulate,  marked  with  a  yellow  lunate 
spot  behind  the  middle ;  apex  broadly  rounded,  margined  with  yellow,  which 
extends  a  short  distance  along  the  sides.  Body  beneath  black,  feet  dark 
piceous. 

7.  S.  decolor,  ellipticum,  rufo-piceum,  subtiliter  pubescens,  thorace 
pallidiore  medio  obscuro,  elytris  subtiliter  punctulatis,  pedibus  flavis.  Long.  ’03. 

Two  specimens,  San  Jose,  California.  Elliptical,  rufo-piceous,  finely  pubes¬ 
cent.  Thorax  paler,  diaphanous  at  the  sides,  dark  in  the  middle,  almost  semi¬ 
circular,  slightly  sinuate  at  the  base.  Elytra  very  finely  punctulate,  rounded  at 
the  apex.  Body  beneath  piceous,  abdomen  paler  ;  feet  yellowish. 

8.  S.  misellum,  latius  ellipticum,  rufo-piceum,  valde  punctulatum, 
brevissime  pubescens,  thorace  valde  marginato,  medio  obscuro,  pedibus  testaceis. 
Long.  *03. 

Two  specimens,  New  York.  Broader  than  most  of  the  preceding  species,  very 
slightly  clothed  with  extremely  short  hair,  entirely  rufo-piceous,  and  strongly 
punctulate.  Thorax  semicircular,  strongly  margined,  paler  than  the  elytra, 
diaphanous  at  the  sides,  darker  in  the  middle,  base  finely  margined,  scarcely 
sinuate.  Elytra  broadly  rounded  at  the  apex ;  body  beneath  rufo-piceous,  feet 
testaceous. 

9.  S.  scitulum,  late  ellipticum,  nigrum,  subtilissime  pubescens,  tho¬ 
race  flavo,  puncto  antico  obscuro,  elytris  subtiliter  punctulatis,  fascia  postica 
lata,  margine  apicali  pedibusque  flavis.  Long.  *025. 

Colorado  River,  California.  Smaller  than  the  others,  and  more  broadly  oval, 
very  finely  pubescent.  Thorax  yellow,  semicircular,  with  a  dark  spot  near  the 
anterior  margin.  Elytra  black,  very  finely  punctulate,  with  a  broad  testaceous 
fascia  behind  the  middle,  scarcely  reaching  the  sides,  apex  rounded,  narrowly 
margined  with  yellow.  Body  beneath  black  ;  abdomen  testaceous,  feet  yellow. 


Description  of  a  New  Species  of  Trombidium. 

By  John  L.  Le  Conte,  M.  D. 

T.  magnificum,  ovatum,  postice  angustatum  et  obtusum,  densissime 
miniato-velutinum,  pedibus  subaequalibus,  rostro  conico,  apice  obtuso.  Long. 
•32,— lat.  -23. 

Texas,  Dr.  S.  W.  Woodhouse.  This  fine  species  is  remarkable  for  its  great 
size,  being  equal  toT.  tinctorium.  It  belongs  however  to  a  different 
division  of  the  genus,  the  eyes  being  placed  immediately  above  the  first  pair  of 
legs.  The  rostrum  is  conical,  and  obtuse  at  the  apex.  The  palpi  are  conical, 
more  than  three  times  as  long  as  the  rostrum,  thick  at  the  base  ;  the  terminal 
hook  is  longer  than  the  penultimate  joint,  and  is  glabrous  only  at  the  apex  ;  the 
inferior  appendage  is  a  little  longer  than  the  hook,  and  very  pilose,  it  appears 
rounded  at  the  extremity.  The  feet  are  two-thirds  the  length  of  the  body,  the 
first  and  fourth  pairs  a  little  longer  than  the  intermediate  ones. 

The  body  is  soft,  somewhat  trapezoidal,  narrowed  and  obtusely  rounded 
behind,  less  rounded  in  front,  with  the  sides  slightly  sinuous  in  the  middle.  The 
color  is  dark  cinereous,  above  and  beneath  covered  with  very  fine  fur  which  is 
of  a  bright  vermillion  color,  becoming  gray  at  the  base  of  the  legs.  In  the  best 
preserved  specimens,  the  upper  surface  is  irregularly  impressed,  resembling  the 
convolutions  of  the  brain. 


146 


[August, 


ELECTIONS. 

Mr.  G.  W.  Fahnestock,  E.  Brown  Sequard,  M.  D.,  and  Henry  J. 
Biddle,  Esq.,  all  of  Philadelphia,  were  elected  Members ,  and 

Mr.  Dexter  Marsh,  of  Greenfield,  Mass.,  Commander  William  F. 
Lynch,  U.  S.  N.,  and  Dr.  Wm.  F.  Daniel,  of  London,  were  elected 
Correspondents  of  the  Academy. 


1852.] 


147 


September  7th,  1852. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

Letters  were  read 

From  the  Secretary  of  the  Trustees  of  the  New  York  State  Library, 
dated  Albany,  September  14th,  1852,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  the 
Proceedings  of  the  Academy,  Vol.  6,  No.  3. 

From  the  Secretary  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society,  dated 
August  20th,  1852,  also  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  a  late  number  of 
the  Proceedings. 

Dr.  Le  Conte  read  a  paper,  intended  for  publication  in  the  Proceed¬ 
ings,  entitled  “  Description  of  a  new  species  of  Sciurus,”  which  was  re¬ 
ferred  to  Dr.  Ruschenberger,  Dr.  Leidy,  and  Dr.  Camac. 

Dr.  Le  Conte  presented  a  second  paper,  also  intended  for  the  Pro¬ 
ceedings,  entitled  “Catalogue  of  the  Melyrides  of  the  United  States, 
with  descriptions  of  new  species/’  Referred  to  the  same  Committee. 

Mr.  Cassin  announced  to  the  Society  the  return  of  Adolphus  L.  Heermann, 
M.  D.,  a  member  of  this  Society,  after  a  residence  of  nearly  three  years  in  various 
parts  of  California.  Dr.  H.  visited  that  country  for  the  express  purpose  of  in¬ 
vestigating  its  ornithology,  and  making  collections  in  that,  and  in  other  depart¬ 
ments  of  natural  history,  which  he  has  done  with  great  judgment  and  unrivalled 
zeal,  and  has  brought  home  the  most  extensive  and  valuable  collection  of  bird3 
ever  made  in  that  country,  with  many  other  interesting  objects. 

Dr.  Genth  made  some  remarks  on  two  series  of  very  interesting  salts,  dis¬ 
covered  by  him  about  five  years  ago.  They  have  conjugate  bases,  containing 
cobalt  and  ammonia.  The  salts  of  one  of  the  bases  have  red  colors  of  different 
shades  between  carmine  and  cherry-red ;  those  of  the  other  base  are  orange- 
colored.  The  red  salts  are  very  easily  decomposed.  The  two  bases  and  about 
fifty  different  salts  have  been  made,  most  of  them  in  beautiful  crystals.  Dr. 
Genth  stated  that  (as  his  time  is  very  limited)  Dr.  Wolcott  Gibbs,  of  New 
York,  who  has  already  prepared  some  of  these  salts,  independently  of  his  own 
experiments,  has  promised  him,  at  his  request,  to  join  his  labor  in  completing 
this  investigation,  after  which  both  chemists  intend  to  publish  their  results 
under  their  joint  names. 


September  14  th. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  tbe  Chair. 

Letters  were  read 

From  Mr.  G.  W.  Fahnestock,  dated  Philadelphia,  September  8th, 
1852,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  his  notice  of  election  as  a  Member. 

From  Dr.  G.  G.  Bischoff,  dated  Reading,  Pa.,  June  11th,  1852,  ac¬ 
companying  his  donation  announced  this  evening. 

Mr.  Ashmead  called  the  attention  of  the  members  to  the  collection  of  marine 
Algae  presented  by  him  this  evening.  He  said  it  was  remarked  by  Harvey  in  the 
“  Nereis  Boreali- Americana,"  that  after  passing  New  York,  the  almost  unbroken 
line  of  sand  is  nearly  destitute  of  Algae.  u  I  have  not,”  he  adds,  “  received  any 
collection  of  sea  plants  made  between  Long  Branch  and  Wilmington.” 

However  barren  of  Algae  may  be  the  shifting  sands  along  the  coast  of  New 
Jersey,  the  floating  spores  have  been  carried  into  the  inlets,  and  found  a  lodg- 

PROCEED.  ACAD,  NAT.  SCI.  OP  PAILADELPHIA. — VOL.  VI.  NO.  V.  24 


148 


[September, 


ment  in  the  shallow  bays,  on  the  steep  banks  of  the  deeper  thoroughfares,  and 
in  the  second  from  the  Great  Egg  Harber  riverto  Cape  Island.  Algae  occur  in  great 
abundance,  parasitical  on  the  common  eel  grass  (Zostera  marina,)  which  is  so 
extensively  dispersed  in  the  bays,  and  on  the  bars  in  the  vicinity  of  Beesley’s 
Point,  and  which  grows  with  such  luxuriance  as  seriously  to  obstructthe  passage 
of  boats  when  the  tide  is  out.  I  found  Algae  growing  on  the  oyster  beds,  on 
sand  bars,  mud  flats,  also  on  shells,  sods,  and  such  submerged  substances 
as  afforded  a  resting  place. 

The  submerged  portions  of  the  ship  Rhine,  which  went  ashore  last  winter  at 
Corson’s  Inlet,  are  already  literally  covered  with  marine  vegetation. 

From  the  want  of  a  standard  collection  in  the  Academy,  I  am  unable  at  pre¬ 
sent,  with  my  limited  knowledge  of  the  science,  to  determine  satisfactorily 
many  of  the  species.  Among  the  specimens  on  the  table  will  be  found  : 

Fucus  vesiculosus,  Linn.  Very  common. 

Ectocarpus  littoralis,  Lyng. 


Ceramium  rubrum,  Ag. 

C.  diaphanum,  Ag. 

Callithamnion  polysperm  urn,  Ag. 

Nemaleon  — - - ? 

Laurencia  tenuissima,  Grev. 
Polysiphonia,  several  species. 
Bryopsis  plumosa,  Ag. 

Lyngbia - ? 

Ulva  latissima,  Linn. 

Rhabdonia  Baileyi,  Harvey. 

Ulva  compressa. 


i  parasitic  on  Zostera  marina. 


September  21  st. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

Dr.  Leidy  presented  a  paper  from  Prof.  S.  F.  Baird  and  Charles 
Girard,  intended  for  publication  in  the  Proceedings,  on  the  u  Charac¬ 
teristics  of  some  new  Reptiles  in  the  Museum  of  the  Smithsonian  Insti¬ 
tution,^  which  was  referred  to  Dr.  Hallowell,  Dr.  Le  Conte,  and  Dr. 
Leidy. 

Dr.  Le  Conte  presented  a  paper,  intended  for  publication  in  the  Pro¬ 
ceedings,  entitled  u  Synopsis  of  the  Scydmsenidm  of  the  United  States.” 
Referred  to  Dr.  Leidy,  Dr.  Fisher,  and  Dr.  Zantzinger. 

Dr.  Le  Conte  presented  a  second  paper,  also  intended  for  publication, 
entitled  “  An  attempt  at  a  Synopsis  of  the  genus  Geomys  Raf.,”  which 
was  referred  to  Dr.  Wilson,  Mr.  Cassin,  and  Dr.  Woodhouse. 

Dr.  Leidy  called  the  attention  of  the  Society  to  a  fragment  of  a  jaw 
containing  two  teeth  of  Tapirus  Haysii.  This  species  had  been  charac¬ 
terized  by  him  at  a  previous  meeting,  from  a  single  tooth  presented  by 
Dr.  Hays  to  the  Academy,  and  which  at  that  time  was  the  only  portion 
known.  The  present  specimen  is  from  the  Post  Pleiocene,  near  Natchez, 
Miss.,  and  was  sent  to  Dr.  Leidy  by  Mr.  Wailes. 


September  28 th. 

Mr.  Ord,  President,  in  the  Chair. 

The  Committee  to  which  had  been  referred  the  following  papers  by 
Dr.  J.  L.Le  Conte,  reported  in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings. 


1852.] 


Description  of  a  New  Species  of  Sciurus. 
By  John  L.  Le  Conte,  M.  D. 

Sciurus  Heermanni  Lee. 


149 


Supra  e  nigro  alboque  intermixtis  griseus,  subtus  albus,  auribus  magnis 
breviter  pilosis,  naso  nigro,  cauda  disticha,  albo-marginata,  corpore  non 
breviore. 


From  tip  of  nose  to  root  of  tail,  -  -  -  12*5  inches. 

Head, . 3.2 

Length  of  ear,  ------  *9 

Breadth  of  ear,  ------  -7 

Fore  foot  to  end  of  longest  claw,  -  -  -  2-1 

Hind  foot  to  end  of  longest  claw,  -  -  -  3-2 

Tail  to  end  of  vertebra,  -  -  -  -  9-8 

Tail  to  end  of  hair,  -----  13. 


California,  from  Dr.  Heermann.  Body  above  entirely  of  a  light  grey  color, 
produced  by  an  intermixture  of  black  and  white  points  ;  the  hairs  individually 
are  long  and  not  fine  ;  they  are  gray  at  base,  soon  becoming  black,  and  have  a 
pure  white  band  about  the  middle  ;  intermixed  with  them  are  a  few  longer  pure 
black  hairs.  On  the  upper  surface  of  the  feet  the  hair  is  shorter,  and  the  black 
part  comparatively  smaller.  A  small  spot  towards  the  tip  of  the  nose,  and  an 
indistinct  line  above  the  eyes  are  black.  The  whiskers  are  shorter  than  the 
head  and  entirely  black.  The  ears  are  large,  subtriangular,  rounded  at  the  tip, 
and  covered  both  within  and  without  with  short  gray  hair,  which  does  not  in 
anyway  form  a  fringe  at  the  margin.  Beneath  the  body  is  pure  white,  except 
the  perineum,  which  is  gray.  Tail  long  and  distichous,  with  long  hairs  which 
are  black,  with  a  gray  base  and  white  tip  ;  in  those  towards  the  edge  the  black 
color  is  less  developed,  and  some  are  even  whitish  with  three  black  bands,  of 
which  the  outermost  is  very  distinct.  The  tail  thus  appears  gray,  becoming 
black  externally,  with  a  broad  white  margin  ;  beneath  it  is  a  little  lighter  in 
color. 

This  species  is  one  of  a  multitude  of  interesting  objects  procured  by  Dr.  A. 
L.  Heermann  during  a  three  years’  residence  in  California.  I  beg  him  to  accept 
the  dedication  of  it  as  a  slight  token  of  my  appreciation  of  this  active  exertion 
in  studying  the  habits  of  animals,  and  collecting  specimens  in  the  less  frequented 
portions  of  our  territory. 

At  first  sight  S.  Heermanni  bears  a  strong  resemblance  to  several  gray 
squirrels  found  in  the  Atlantic  States,  more  especially  to  S.  cinereus,  but 
the  much  larger  size  of  the  ears,  the  deeper  gray  color  of  the  upper  surface  of 
the  feet,  and  the  absence  of  any  brown  color  about  the  head,  at  once  distinguish 
it  from  all  its  neighbors. 


Synopsis  of  the  Scydm^enid^e  of  the  United  States. 

By  John  L.  Le  Conte,  M.  D. 

Since  the  publication  of  the  extremely  classical  monograph  of  Scydmaenus  by 
Dr.  Schaum,*  and  his  corrections  to  the  same,f  the  number  of  species  found  in 
America  has  been  greatly  increased.  A  journey  by  Dr.  Schaum  to  this  country 
has  contributed  largely  to  this  result,  and  to  him  I  am  indebted  for  a  fine  series 
of  the  species  found  by  him,  mostly  in  Louisiana.  To  M.  Em.  Wapler,  late  of 
New  Orleans,  I  must  also  express  my  acknowledgements  for  a  beautiful  series  of 
Scydmaeni,  as  well  as  other  minute  Coleoptera  of  Louisiana.  The  other  species 


*  Analecta  Entomologica. 
f  Germar’s  Zeitschrift  fur  Entomologie,  vol.  5. 


150  [September* 

described  below  have  mostly  been  procured  in  my  travels  in  the  Southern  States  ; 
a  few  are  from  California,  but  the  distribution  of  this  genus  in  the  western  and 
northern  parts  of  the  continent  appears  to  be  very  limited.  The  new  Cephennium 
is  an  interesting  addition  to  our  fauna.  The  new  geDus  Brathinus  must,  I  think, 
be  considered  as  the  American  representative  of  Mastigus  of  the  old  world. 
Eutheia  is  not  yet  discovered  on  this  continent,  nor  have  we  any  form  which 
corresponds  to  it.  Our  three  genera  may  be  easily  distinguished  follows : 

A.  Palpi  maxillaries  articulo  ultimo  minutissimo. 

Palpi  labiales  articulo  primo  elongato,  mandibulae 

apice  emarginatae  (thorax  amplus)  .  .  Cephennium  Mull. 

Palpi  labiales  articulo  primo  brevissimo,  mandibu- 

lae  acuminatae  (thorax  parvus)  .  .  .  Scydm^nus  Latr. 

B.  Palpi  maxillares  filiformes,  articulo  ultimo  longiore  Bra.thinus  Lee. 

Cephennium  Muller. 

Megaloderus  Steph.  .Tyttosoma  Wesmael. 

1.  C.  corporosum,  piceum  flavo-pubescens,  thorace  angulis  posticis  subex- 
planatis,  elytris  vix  punctulatis  basi  foveatis,  striolaque  externa  notatis,  pedibus 
antennisque  testaceis,  his  articulis  tribus  ultimis  maioribus.  Long.  -035. 

New  York,  under  stones  in  April  very  rare.  Blackish  piceous,  sparsely  clothed 
with  fine  yellow  hair.  Head  small,  smooth  ;  antennae  testaceous,  half  as  long  as 
the  body,  9th  joint  one  half  thicker  than  the  8th,  rounded,  a  little  transverse,  10th 
still  larger,  subtransverse,  11th  longer  than  the  10th  and  obtuse.  Thorax  very 
transverse,  sides  parallel  behind  the  middle,  much  rounded  anteriorly,  posterior 
angles  rectangular,  a  little  flattened.  Elytra  scarcely  narrower  than  the  thorax, 
convex,  finely  and  sparsely  punctulate,  base  impressed  with  a  deep  stria  near  the 
humerus,  extending  one-third  the  length  of  the  elytra,  and  a  large  fovea  half  way 
between  the  stria  and  scutellum.  Anus  and  feet  bright  testaceous,  thighs  not 
clavate. 

Scydmjenus  Latr. 

I  have  adapted  Schaum’s  division  of  the  genus  to  our  native  species  without 
alteration,  as  it  appears  scarcely  susceptible  of  any  improvement ;  for  convenience 
I  have  divided  the  group  (B)  differently,  as  several  European  forms  in  it  are  want¬ 
ing  in  this  country. 

1.  Palpi  maxillares  articulo  4to  subulato. 

A.  Collum  thoraci  immer3um,  thorax  cordatus,  antennae  sensim  incrassatae : 

mesosternum  parum  carinatum.  Sp.  1 — 6. 

B.  Collum  thoraci  non  immersum ;  thorax  subquadratus,  antennae  extus  subito, 
vel  subsubito  incrassatae. 

a.  Antennae  articulis  quatuor  incrassatis. 

a.  Thorax  trapezoideus,  cum  elytris  angulum  non  formans.  Sp.  7 — 14. 

Thorax  antrorsum  subangustatus,  cum  elytris  angulum  formans. 

Sp.  15—20. 

b.  Antennae  articulis  tribus  incrassatis.  Sp.  21 — 15. 

c.  Antennae  feminae  gradatim  incrassatae,  maris  irregulares.  Sp.  26. 

2.  (C.)  Palpi  maxillares  articulo  4to  obtuso,  conico,  indistincto.  Sp.  27. 

A. 

1 .  S.  s  u  b  p  e  n  c  t  a  t  u  s ,  piceus,  parce  pubescens,  vertice  bifoveato,  thorace 
ante  basin  transversim  impresso,  lateribus  foveato,  coleopteris  rufo-piceis,  ob- 
longo-ovalibus,  parce  punctulatis,  pedibus  rufo-piceis.  Long.  *065. 


1852.] 


151 


Lake  Superior  and  St.  Mary’s  River.  Shining  piceous,  smooth,  more  elongate 
than  usual.  Head  flattened,  vertex  bifoveate,  front  a  little  retuse ;  palpi  testa¬ 
ceous  ;  thorax  longer  than  wide,  slightly  campanulate,  not  narrowed  behind, 
foveate  each  side  near  the  base,  and  slightly  transversely  impressed  at  the  middle 
of  the  base.  Elytra  elongate  oval,  nearly  twice  as  wide  as  the  thorax  in  their 
widest  part,  convex,  sparsely  and  finely  punctured  with  a  fine  hair  proceeding 
from  each  puncture ;  base  each  side  bifoveate.  Legs  slender,  thighs  rufo-piceous, 
tibiae  and  tarsi  testaceous. 

2.  S.  m  a  r  i  ae ,  rufo-piceus,  parce  pubescens,  vertice  bifoveato,  thorace  campa- 
nulato  ante  basin  obsolete  impresso,  lateribus  foveato,  coleopteris  ovalibus  obso¬ 
lete  parce  punctulatis.  Long.  *065. 

One  specimen,  St.  Mary’s  River,  Michigan.  This  species  is  very  similar  to 
the  preceding,  but  the  thorax  is  more  rounded  on  the  sides  anteriorly,  and  dis¬ 
tinctly  narrowed  behind  ;  the  basal  impression  is  hardly  visible,  the  lateral  fovese 
are  less  deep  ;  the  elytra  are  wider  and  much  less  distinctly  punctured ;  the  base 
is  marked  a3  in  the  preceding  with  four  punctures,  causing  the  humeri  and  suture 
to  appear  elevated. 

3.  S.  cribrarius,  rufus,  nitidus,  flavo-pilosus,  thorace  basi  subtiliter  4- 
punctato,  elytris  elongato-ovalibus,  grosse  punctatis.  Long.  -04. 

Habersham  County,  Georgia.  This  species  very  much  resembles  the  next,  but 
the  color  is  paler,  the  form  a  little  less  slender,  and  the  punctures  of  the  elytra 
more  numerous  and  less  large  ;  as  in  it  the  anterior  thighs  are  much  incrassated, 
the  others  are  slender.  The  thorax  is  narrowed  behind,  not  sinuate  on  the  sides, 
and  the  basal  punctures  are  very  small. 

4.  S.  perforatus,  nigro-piceus,  pilosus,  thorace  basi  4-punctato  et trans- 
versim  impresso,  coleopteris  elongato-ovatis,  minus  dense  variolosis,  antennis 
pedibusque  flavis.  Long.  -04. 

Schaum,  Analecta  Entomologica,  9. 

New  York  and  Massachusetts,  rare.  The  thorax  is  slightly  sinuate  on  the 
sides. 

5.  S.  sparsus,  rufo-piceus,  pilosus,  thorace  postice  angustato,  basi  4-punc¬ 
tato,  et  transversim  subimpresso,  coleopteris  elongato-ovatis,  parce  punctatis, 
basi  utrinque  bifoveatis.  Long.  *04. 

San  Jose,  California.  Form  and  size  of  S.  perforatus,  but  the  thorax  is  not 
sinuate  on  the  sides,  and  the  elytra  are  foveate  at  base  :  the  punctures  are  small 
and  much  less  dense  than  in  S.  cribrarius. 

6.  S.  angustus,  valde  elongatu3,  piceus,  subtiliter  pubescens,  thorace  elon- 
gato,  ovato,  elytris  minus  convexis,  sutura  ad  basin,  humerisque  elevatis,  antennis 
extrorsum  magis  incrassatis.  Long.  *03 

San  Jose,  California.  A  small  species  very  remarkable  by  its  narrow  form. 
3y  the  shape  of  its  thorax,  which  is  neither  cordate  nor  quadrate,  but  oval  and 
narrowed  posteriorly,  it  seems  to  ngite  Schaum’s  groups  1  and  2  (Germ.  Zeitschr. 
5,  465).  The  antennae  and  feet  are  ferruginous,  or  rufo-piceous  ;  the  former  are 
more  thickened  externally  than  in  the  preceding  species,  and  are  not  longer  than 
the  head  and  thorax  :  the  thighs  are  somewhat  dilated. 

B. — a — at. 

7.  S.  Schaumii,  fusiformis,  pilosus,  rufo-piceus, thorace  antrorsum  angus¬ 
tato,  basi  non  impresso,  elytris  basi  subfoveolatis,  pedibusque  rufis,  femoribus 
valde  clavatis.  Long.  -08. 

Louisiana,  Dr.  Schaum.  One  of  the  largest  of  our  species,  and  easily  distin¬ 
guished  by  its  rufous  elytra  and  unimpressed  thorax.  Body  fusiform,  wider  pos¬ 
teriorly,  rufo-piceous,  shining.  Head  densely  covered  with  erect  reddish  hair  ; 
antennae  as  long  as  the  head  and  thorax,  rufous,  joints  3 — 6  small,  equal,  7th  a 
little  longer  and  thicker;  8 — 10  about  one  half  longer  and  thicker  than  the  7th, 
globose  ;  11th  oval,  subacute:  penultimate  joint  of  the  maxillary  palpi  regularly 
obconical,  the  last  very  small.  Thorax  longer  than  wide,  densely  pilose,  narrowed 


152 


[September. 


in  front,  sides  straight,  base  slightly  rounded,  not  impressed.  Elytra  at  the  middle 
about  one-fourth  wider  than  the  thorax,  impunctured,  rufous,  not  very  densely 
covered  with  long  hairs,  humerus  elevated,  suture  anteriorly  depressed,  base 
with  a  very  small  fovea  inside  of  the  humeral  impression.  Beneath  piceous,  anus 
testaceous.  Feet  entirely  rufous,  thighs  very  clavate. 

8.  S.  flavitarsis,  latius  fusiformis,  pilosus,  piceus,  thorace  antrorsum  an¬ 
gustato,  basi  non  impresso,  elytris  basi  vix  impressis,  femoribus  valde  clavatis, 
tibiarum  apice  tarsisque  flavis.  Long.  *08. 

One  specimen,  New  York.  Wider  than  the  preceding,  which  it  very  much 
resembles ;  the  antennae  are  dark  rufous,  they  are  formed  as  in  S.  Schaumii,  but 
the  7th  joint  is  not  perceptibly  larger  than  the  6th.  The  elytra  at  the  middle 
are  fully  one-third  wider  than  the  thorax;  the  humerus  is  elevated  and  the  base 
is  depressed  from  the  humerus  to  the  suture,  but  not  foveate.  The  feet  are  pice¬ 
ous,  the  thighs  are  very  clavate,  the  extreme  tip  of  the  tibiae,  and  the  whole  of 
the  tarsi  are  pale  yellow.  The  last  joint  of  the  maxillary  palpi  is  much  larger 
than  in  S.  Schaumii. 

9.  S.  fossiger,  latius  fusiformis,  pilosus,  piceus,  thorace  antrorsum  valde 
angustato,  basi  non  impresso,  coleopteris  basi  4-foveatis,  femoribus  valde  clavatis, 
tarsis  flavis.  Long.  *08. 

One  specimen,  Cambridge,  Mass.  Yery  similar  to  S.  flavitarsis  :  the  thorax  is 
much  more  narrowed  in  front,  so  that  the  apex  is  scarcely  half  as  wide  as  the 
base  :  the  elytra  at  the  middle  are  one-third  wider  than  the  thorax,  the  humeri 
are  elevated  and  the  suture  depressed,  there  are  two  basal  foveae,  of  which  the 
inner  is  the  smaller.  The  antennas  are  precisely  as  in  S.  flavitarsis ;  the  palpi 
are  yellowish,  with  the  last  joint  distinct. 

10.  S.  capillosulus,  latius  fusiformis,  pilosus,  rufo-piceus,  thorace  antror¬ 
sum  angustato,  basi  subtiliter  transversim  impresso,  coleopteris  basi  subfoveola- 
tis,  pedibus  rufis,  femoribus  valde  clavatis.  Long.  f08. 

Georgia,  Pennsylvania  and  New  York.  Sometimes  in  the  nest  of  a  small  fus¬ 
cous  ant  with  rufous  legs.  This  species  is  very  similar  to  S.  Schaumii,  but  i3 
wider,  and  is  known  at  once  by  the  impressed  line  at  the  base  of  the  thorax. 
The  antennae  and  palpi  are  precisely  as  in  S.  Schaumii:  the  humeri  are  more 
elevated,  the  suture  is  a  little  elevated  at  base,  and  marked  with  a  fine  impressed 
line,  which  curves  around  the  base  reaching  the  humeral  fovea,  the  elytra  at  the 
middle  are  fully  one-third  wider  than  the  thorax. 

11.  S.  b  a  s  a  1  i  s ,  fusiformis,  pilosus,  rufus,  thorace  antrorsum  angustato,  basi, 
subtiliter  transversim  impresso,  coleopteris  basi  foveolatis,  antennarum  articulis 
intermediis  rotundatis,  femoribus  valde  clavatis.  Long.  -06. 

Georgia  and  Louisiana.  Yery  similar  to  the  preceding,  but  smaller.  The 
antennae  are  as  long  as  the  head  and  thorax,  the  joints  3 — 7  are  rounded,  not 
longer  than  wide  :  the  three  next  are  larger  and  also  rounded  ;  the  last  longer, 
oval  and  subacute  :  on  the  elytra,  the  suture  is  a  little  elevated  anteriorly  and 
marked  with  a  slight  stria ;  the  base  is  slightly  bifoveate,  and  the  humeri  are 
elevated. 

12.  S.  hirtedlus,  latius  fusiformis,  breviter  pilosus,  rufus,  thorace  antror¬ 
sum  angustato,  basi  non  striato,  elytris  obsolete  punctulatis,  basi  vix  foveatis. 
antennis  breviusculis  articulis  intermediis  rotundatis,  femoribus  valde  clavatis. 
Long.  *05. 

Georgia.  This  species  is  smaller  than  S.  basalis,  and  the  antennas  are  shorter 
and  less  slender.  The  unimpressed  thorax,  shorter  pubescence  and  scarcely 
foveate  elytra  will  readily  distinguish  it  from  the  other  species  in  which  the 
thorax  and  elytra  form  a  regular  outline,  without  any  re-entering  angle.  One 
specimen  has  the  8th  joint  of  the  antennae  intermediate  in  size  between  the  7th 
and  9th,  so  that  the  club  appears  only  three-jointed.  I  am  unable  to  perceive 
any  other  difference,  and  in  the  absence  of  other  specimens,  leave  it  under  the 
present  species. 


153 


1852.] 

13.  S. a  n  alis ,  fusiformispilosus,  thorace  antrorsum  angustato,  basi  non  striato 
elytris  vix  obsolete  punctulatis,  basi  unifoveatis,  antennis  longiusculis  articulis 
intermediis  subrotundatis,  ano  pedibusque  flavis,  femoribus  clavatis.  Long. 
•045. 

Louisiana,  Schaum  and  Wapler.  This  species  is  very  similar  to  the  preceding, 
but  is  narrower,  being  of  the  form  of  S.  basalis,  with  which  it  agrees  also  in  the 
antennae,  but  differs  in  size,  and  in  having  no  impression  at  the  base  of  the  thorax. 
The  feet  are  testaceous,  the  thighs  are  darker :  the  tip  of  the  abdomen  beneath  is 
yellowish. 

14.  S.  b  r  e  v  i  c  o  r  n  i  s ,  piceus,  subfusiformis,  dense  sordide  pubescens,  thorace 
antrorsum  angustato,  elytris  basi  vix  foveatis,  antennis  breviusculis,  articulis 
intermediis  subrotundatis,  femoribus  valde  clavatis.  Long.  -055 

Say,  Long’s  Exped.  to  St.  Peter’s  River,  2,213  :  Schaum,  An.  Ent.  19.* 

New  York  and  Pennsylvania,  in  the  nests  of  a  small  black  ant.  This  species 
is  more  obtusely  rounded  behind  than  the  preceding  species  of  this  division.  The 
pubescence  is  more  prostrate,  and  very  dense.  The  antennae  are  not  longer  than 
the  head  and  thorax:  the  four  last  joints  form  a  club  larger  in  proportion  than  in 
the  other  species,  and  as  long  as  the  other  joints  collectively.  The  thorax  is 
less  narrowed  in  front  than  in  the  preceding  species,  and  is  a  little  rounded  on 
the  sides  :  there  i3  no  impression  at  the  base  :  the  elytra  are  slightly  foveate 
inside  of  the  humerus. 

B. — a — (3. 

15.  S.  r  a  s  u  s  ,  testaceus,  glaber,  thorace  longiusculo,  lateribus  subrotundato, 
basi  utrinque  foveato,  transversim  impresso,  elytris  convexis  basi  foveatis.  Long. 
•015.  ' 

Pennsylvania,  Haldeman ;  found  with  a  small  fuscous  ant.  This  species  is  of 
a  bright  testaceous  color,  and  entirely  glabrous.  The  head  is  convex  and  rounded. 
The  antennae  are  longer  than  the  head  and  thorax,  the  joints  3 — 1  are  cylindrical, 
the  four  last  are  globular  and  about  twice  as  thick  as  those  which  precede  them. 
The  thorax  is  a  little  wider  than  the  head,  longer  than  wide,  slightly  narrowed 
in  front,  very  slightly  rounded  on  the  sides,  flattened  on  the  disc,  and  deeply 
foveate  near  the  basal  angles  :  the  fovese  are  connected  by  a  transverse  impres¬ 
sion.  The  elytra  are  twice  as  wide  as  the  thorax,  regularly  oval  and  convex, 
forming  a  slight  angle  with  the  thorax;  the  base  is  broadly  foveate  inside  of  the 
humerus.  The  anterior  thighs  are  strongly  clavate. 

16.  S.  obscurellus,  piceus  breviter  pubescens,  thorace  longiusculo,  antice 
subangustato,  elytris  basi  viximpressis,  antennis  articulis  rotundatis,  pedibusque 
rufescentibus.  Long.  *045 

One  specimen,  Liberty  County,  Georgia.  A  small  species,  easily  distinguished 
by  its  piceous  color  and  elongate  thorax.  Head  convex,  smooth,  strongly  pilose 
at  the  posterior  angles  :  antennae  a  little  longer  than  the  head  and  thorax,  the 
joints  after  the  2d  globular,  the  four  last  about  one-third  thicker  than  those  which 
precede,  the  last  being  larger  and  obtuse.  Thorax  pilose,  not  wider  than  the 
head,  nearly  one-half  longer  than  wide,  very  slightly  narrowed  in  front,  apex  trun¬ 
cate,  sides  straight.  Elytra  one-half  wider  than  the  thorax,  and  forming  an  almost 
indistinct  angle  with  it,  obliquely  n  arrowed  behind  the  middle,  slightly  pubescent : 
base  scarcely  foveate.  Feet  rufous,  thighs  clavate. 

18.  S.  clavatus,  rufo-piceus,  tenuiter  pubescens,  thorace  longiusculo,  antice 
angustato,  basi  tenuiter  impresso,  elytris  dorso  depressis,  basi  unifoveatis,  an¬ 
tennis  fortius  clavatis  articulis  suptransversis.  Long.  *045. 

One  specimen,  Liberty  County,  Georgia.  Elongate  rufo-piceus  ;  head  convex, 
very  strongly  pilose,  each  side  posteriorly  so  as  to  appear  truncate  at  base :  an¬ 
tennae  as  long  as  the  head  and  thorax,  joints  3 — 6  rounded,  short,  closely  united  : 


*  Schaum  erroneously  cites  the  Journal  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  of  Sciencs 
for  the  descriptions  of  this  species,  and  S.  clavipes. 


154 


[September, 


7th  very  little  larger,  globular :  8—10,  one-half  wider,  rounded,  somewhat  trans¬ 
verse,  11th  nearly  twice  as  long  as  the  10th,  and  obtuse.  Thorax  not  wider  than 
the  head,  longer  than  wide,  narrowed  in  front,  very  slightly  narrowed  on  the 
sides,  finely  pubescent,  disc  a  little  flattened,  finely  impressed  transversely  near 
the  base.  Elytra  scarcely  one-third  wider  than  the  thorax,  and  forming  with  it 
a  very  obtuse  but  distinct  aDgle  :  elongate  oval,  disc  flattened,  finely  pubescent, 
very  obsoletely  punctulate,  base  with  a  fovea  inside  of  the  humerus.  Legs  tes¬ 
taceous,  anterior  thighs  strongly,  posterior  moderately  incrassated. 

18.  S.  clavipes,  piceus,  capite  glabro,  thorace  dense  piloso,  longiusculo. 
antrorsum  angustato  et  rotundato,  basi  transversim  impresso,  elytris  rufescen- 
tibus  parce  pilosis,  basi  foveatis,  antennis  articulis  elongatis,  femoribus  clavatis. 
Long.  -05 — *06. 

Say,  Long’s  Exped.  to  St.  Peter’s  River,  2,272  :  Scbaum,  Anal.  Entom.  18. 

Lake  Superior,  Georgia,  Louisiana.  A  darker  variety  is  S.  pilosicollis  of  my 
catalogue  of  Lake  Superior  Coleoptera  in  Agassiz’  Lake  Superior.  The  head  is 
smaller  in  this  than  in  the  preceding  species,  oval,  and  glabrous  ;  the  elongate 
slender  antennae  will  also  easily  distinguish  it ;  their  four  last  joints  are  nearly 
one  half  thicker  than  those  which  precede,  and  are  also  longer  than  wide.  The 
female  has  broader  elytra  than  the  male,  and  somewhat  shorter  antennae. 

19.  S.  consobrinus,  nigro-piceus,  capite  glabro,  thorace  longiusculo, 
piloso  antrorsum  angustato  et  rotundato,  basi  transversim  impresso,  elytris  parce 
pilosis  basi  foveatis,  antennis  articulis  penultimis  rotundatis,  femoribus  clavatis. 
Long.  -05. 

One  specimen,  New  York.  In  form  this  species  is  precisely  similar  to  the 
preceding,  but  the  difference  in  the  antennae  seems  sufficient  to  separate  it.  These 
organs  are  here  somewhat  longer  than  the  head  and  thorax ;  the  joints  3 — 6  are 
equal,  closely  connected,  and  not  longer  than  wide  ;  the  seventh  is  a  little  larger 
and  slightly  conical ;  8th,  9th  and  10th  are  rounded,  not  longer  than  wide  ;  the 
11th  one  half  longer  and  subacute. 

20.  S.  b  i  c  ol o  r ,  elongatus,  piceus,  capite  glabro,  thorace  piloso  elongato» 
subcampanulato,  basi  transversim  impresso,  elytris  parce  piloso,  non  foveatis- 
palpis  pedibus  antennisque  testaceis,  his  articulis  rotundatis,  penultimus  subtrans- 
versis.  Long.  *06. 

One  specimen,  Georgia,  with  Formica  pensylvanica.  More  narrow  than  S. 
clavipes,  piceous,  very  shining.  Head  elliptical,  smooth,  glabrous ;  antennae  a 
little  longer  than  the  head  and  thorax,  testaceous,  joints  3 — 6  equal  rounded  ;  7th 
one  third  larger,  globular  ;  8 — 10  one  half  wider  than  the  7th,  rounded,  slightly 
transverse,  11th  not  transverse,  obtuse.  Thorax  covered  with  erect  hair;  one 
half  longer  than  wide,  sides  posteriorly  straight,  anteriorly  much  rounded;  base 
strongly  impressed  and  subfoveate.  Elytra  twice  as  long  as  wide,  nearly  twice 
as  wide  as  the  thorax,  regularly  narrowed  each  way  from  the  middle,  smooth, 
not  foveate  at  the  base,  with  a  few  fine  long  hairs,  especially  towards  the  margin. 
Feet  yellow  testaceous,  thighs  strongly  clavate. 

B— b. 

21.  S.  sal  in  a  tor,  nigro-piceus,  thorace  piloso,  longiusculo,  lateribus  antice 
rotundatis,  basi  4-foveato,  elytris  cum  thorace  angulum  formantibus,  glabris, 
antennis  articulis  elongatis,  tribus  ultimis  maioribus.  Long.  *06. 

Cambridge,  Mass.,  in  salt  marshes.  Very  similar  in  form  to  S.  clavipes,  but 
at  once  known  by  the  antennae  having  only  three  enlarged  joints.  Entirely  black¬ 
ish  piceous;  head  oval,  smooth,  glabrous  ;  antennae  half  as  long  as  the  body, 
slender,  joints  3 — 7  equal,  a  little  longer  than  wide  ;  8th  one  half  longer  and  a 
little  thicker,  somewhat  conical ;  9th  and  10th  equal,  a  little  longer,  and  nearly 
twice  as  thick  as  the  8th  ;  11th  subacute.  Thorax  covered  with  erect  black  hair, 
a  little  wider  than  the  head,  longer  than  wide,  narrowed  in  front,  convex,  slightly 
rounded  on  the  sides  anteriorly  ;  base  with  four  punctures.  Elytra  one  half  wider 
than  the  thorax,  and  forming  a  very  obtuse  angle  with  it ;  entirely  glabrous, 
slightly  foveate  at  base.  Thighs  moderately  clavate. 


1852.] 


155 


22.  S.  fa  t  nu  s,  nigro-piceus,  parce  pubescens,  thorace  trapezoideo,  antrorsum 
augustato,  basi  transversim  impresso,  elytris  cum  thorace  angulum  formantibus, 
convexis,  basi  valde  foveatis,  pedibus  antennisque  testaceis,  his  articulis  tribus 
ultimis  abrupte  maioribus.  Long.  *03. 

One  specimen,  New  York.  I  am  unable  to  discover  the  acicular  joint  of  the 
maxillary  palpi  in  this  species,  but  it  is  so  similar  to  the  other  species  of  this 
division,  that  I  am  convinced  that  it  properly  belongs  here  and  not  in  divi¬ 
sion  (C.) 

Blackish  brown,  finely  and  sparsely  pubescent.  Head  rounded ;  palpi  and  base 
of  antennae  testaceous  ;  joints  of  the  latter  3 — 8  rounded,  subequal ;  9th  and  10th 
nearly  twice  as  wide,  transverse,  11th  obtuse.  Thorax  not  longer  than  wide, 
narrowed  in  front,  slightly  rounded  on  the  sides,  transversely  impressed  at  the 
base.  Elytra  one  half  wider  than  the  thorax,  and  forming  with  it  a  very  obtuse 
angle,  oval  convex,  deeply  foveate  at  base,  sparsely  pubescent.  Feet  yellowish 
testaceous,  thighs  clavate. 

23.  S.  m  i  s  e  1 1  u  s ,  testaceous,  minus  convexus,  pubescens,  thorax  quadrato, 
lateribus  antice  rotundatis,  basi  medio  transversim  impresso,  elytris  basi  im- 
pressis,  antennis  brevibus,  articulis  tribus  ultimis  rotundatis  multa  maioribus. 
Long.  -025. 

Two  specimens,  from  the  upper  part  of  Georgia,  under  pine  bark.  This  species 
seems  very  similar  to  the  European  S.  nanus  (Schaum,  Germ.  Zeitschr.  5,471), 
but  diners  in  color.  Entirely  pale  rufo-testaceous,  shining,  finely  pubescent. 
Head  slightly  transverse,  rounded.  Antennae  as  long  as  the  head  and  thorax, 
joints  3 — 8  equal,  small,  rounded;  9 — 11  twice  as  wide  as  the  preceding,  round¬ 
ed,  scarcely  transverse.  Thorax  wider  than  the  head,  quadrate,  rounded  on  the 
sides  anteriorly,  disc  flattened,  with  a  small  transverse  impression  at  the  middle 
of  the  base,  formed  by  the  confluence  of  two  punctures.  Elytra  flattened  on  the 
disc,  wider  than  the  thorax,  ovate,  very  slightly  punctulate,  impressed  at  the 
base.  Thighs  a  little  thickened. 

24.  S.  gravidus,  piceus,  pubescens,  thorace  antrorsum  angustato,  basi 
transversim  impresso,  elytris  brevioribus  rufescentibus,  ovatis,  basi  foveatis, 
antennis  gracilibus,  articulis  tribus  ultimis  rotundatis  abrupte  maioribus. 
Long.  *04. 

Louisiana,  Schaum,  one  specimen.  Broader  than  the  neighboring  species, 
piceous  pubescent.  Head  rounded ;  antennae  a  little  longer  than  the  head  and 
thorax,  slender,  joints  3 — 8  equal,  not  elongated,  9  and  10  more  than  twice  as 
thick,  globular,  11th  a  little  longer,  obtuse.  Thorax  wider  than  the  head,  trape¬ 
zoidal,  narrowed  anteriorly,  sides  almost  straight,  base  with  a  strong  transverse 
impression.  Elytra  somewhat  rufous,  ovate,  twice  as  wide  as  the  base  of  the 
thorax  and  forming  with  it  a  very  indistinct  angle ;  moderately  convex,  base 
strongly  foveate ;  thighs  slightly  clavate,  tarsi  testaceous. 

25.  S.  fulvuSj  fusiformis,  testaceo-rufus,  pubescens,  thorace  longiusculo, 
trapezoideo,  elytris  basi  vix  impressis,  antennis  brevibus,  articulis  tribus  ultimis 
rotundatis,  abrupte  maioribus.  Long.  *03. 

Upper  part  of  Georgia,  under  pine  bark.  This  species  has  very  nearly  the 
form  of  S.  analis,  but  the  thorax  is  longer. 

Bright  rufo-testaceous,  covered  with  fine  yellow  hair.  Head  strongly  pilose 
posteriorly.  Antenn®  as  long  as  the  head  and  thorax,  three  last  joints  equal, 
globular,  twice  as  thick  as  the  preceding  ones,  which  are  small  and  rounded. 
Thorax  longer  than  wide,  scarcely  wider  than  the  head,  narrowed  in  front,  sides 
straight,  base  not  impressed.  Elytra  one  half  wider  than  the  thorax,  continuous 
in  outline  with  it,  regularly  narrowed  behind  the  middle,  sparsely  punctulate, 
slightly  depressed  on  the  disc,  scarcely  foveate  at  the  base,  thighs  but  slightly 
clavate. 

B-c. 

26.  S.  g  r  a  c  i  1  i  s ,  elongatus  rufo-testaceus,  pebescens,  capite  angusto,  thorace 
elongato,  antrorsum  subangustato,  basi  impresso,  elytris  elongato-ovalibus,  con- 
vexis  basi  impressis,  antennis  articulis  5  ultimis  sensim  Grassioribus.  Long.  -06. 

25 


156 


[September, 


San  Jose,  California,  near  water,  abundant.  Reddish  testaceous,  finely  pubes¬ 
cent.  Head  one  half  longer  than  wide,  sides  almost  parallel ;  last  joint  of  the 
palpi  very  distinct;  antennae  as  long  as  the  head  and  thorax;  in  the  female  with 
the  joints  3 — 6  subequal  slightly  rounded,  7 — 10  gradually  larger,  rounded,  not 
transverse,  11th  larger  obtuse  ;  in  the  male  the  4th  joint  is  twice  as  thick  as  the 
3d  and  globular  ;  the  5th  narrow,  the  6th  triangular,  strongly  produced  internally 
at  the  apex,  7 — 11  as  in  the  female.  Thorax  a  little  wider  than  the  head,  one 
half  longer  than  wide,  gradually  slightly  narrowed  in  front,  transversely  im¬ 
pressed  at  the  base.  Elytra  twice  as  wide  as  the  thorax  and  forming  an  angle 
with  it,  elongate  elliptical,  convex,  impunctured,  foveate  at  the  base.  Legs 
slender,  thighs  subclavate. 

2 rt  C* 

^4.  S.  Zimmermani,  testaceo-rufus,  pubescens,  thorace  elongato,  sub-cor- 
dato,  elytris  elongato-ovatis,  punctatis,  convexis,  antennis  articulis  tribus  ulti- 
mis  abrupte  maioribus.  Long.  *06. 

Schaum,  Anal.  Entom.  26. 

One  specimen,  Habersham  Co.,  Georgia ;  a  slender  yellowish  red  species, 
easily  known  by  its  slightly  cordate  elongate  thorax  and  strongly  punctured 
elytra. 

The  following  species  is  unknown  to  me,  and  the  description  does  not  permit  it 
to  be  referred  with  probability  to  any  particular  group.  It  is  perhaps  allied  to 
S.  subpunctatus  Lee. 

S.  californicus,“  piceus  nitidus,  subpubescens,  capite  triangulari,  ver- 
tice  excavato,  thorace  quadrato,  lateribus  subsinuatis,  basi  subimpresso,  utrin- 
que  foveolato,  elytris  rufo-testaceis,  apice  subtruncatis,  ore  antennis  pedibusque 
testaceis.  Long.  %  lin.” 

Motschulsky.  Bull.  Mosc.  1845,  1,  48. 

California. 

Brathinus  Lee. 

Palpi  maxillares  filiformes,  articulo  ultimo  longiore  ;  labrum  antice  membra- 
neum,  late  emarginatum  ;  mandibulae  apice  acuminatm ;  antennae  elongatae  fili¬ 
formes  ;  tarsi  posteriores  articulis  gradatim,  brevioribus,  indistinctis. 

A  remarkable  apterous  and  glabrous  genus,  which  except  in  the  presence  of 
eyes  and  in  the  form  of  the  head  and  thorax  bears  a  strong  resemblance  to  Lep- 
todirus,  (Schmidt.) 

The  head  is  oval,  strongly  constricted  behind,  with  the  eyes  moderately  pro¬ 
minent;  the  front  between  the  antennae  is  concave  ;  the  vertex  marked  with  two 
impressed  lines  converging  behind  ;  the  labrum  is  transverse,  hairy,  apparently 
membranous  anteriorly  and  broadly  emarginate  ;  the  mandibles  are  acute  at  the 
apex;  the  ligula  is  emarginate,  the  labial  palpi  moderately  short,  three-jointed, 
the  last  joint  a  little  longer  ;  the  mentum  is  transverse,  scarcely  trapezoidal ;  the 
head  behind  the  mentum  is  deeply  channeled,  and  bilobate.  The  maxillary  palpi 
are  long  and  slender ;  the  first  joint  is  small,  the  second  long,  slightly  conical,  the 
third  one  half  as  long  as  the  second,  cylindrical ;  the  fourth  a  little  longer  than  the 
second,  very  slightly  fusiform,  almost  acute  at  the  tip.  Antennae  inserted  under 
the  margin  of  the  front,  two  thirds  as  long  as  the  body,  almost  filiform,  first  three 
joints  shining,  the  others  opaque  ;  2nd  joint  a  little  shorter  than  the  3rd,  which 
is  equal  to  the  fourth  and  following  ones.  Mesosternum  entirely  simple  ;  legs 
very  long  and  slender,  thighs  not  at  all  clavate;  tibial  spurs  obsolete,  tarsi  short, 
the  four  first  joints  of  the  anterior  and  intermediate  tarsi  distinct,  short,  almost 
equal,  the  first  a  little  longer  ;  the  four  first  joints  of  the  posterior  feet  gradually 
shorter,  very  indistinct,  the  fourth  so  closely  united  to  the  third  and  so  short  as 
to  be  scarcely  visible.  Thorax  ovate,  convex,  not  wider  and  scarcely  larger 
than  the  head,  narrowed  behind,  truncate  at  base  and  apex.  Elytra  not  connate, 
ovate,  large,  convex,  gradually  dilated  from  the  base  for  two  thirds  their  length, 
then  broadly  rounded  to  the  apex. 


1852.] 


157 

1.  B.  n  i  ti  du  s,  piceus,  nitidis3imus,  thorace  pallidiore,  antennis  pedibusque 
testaceis,  elytris  glaberrimis,  stria  suturali,  obsoleta  notatis.  Long.  ’18. 

Four  specimens,  Nova  Scotia,  Dr.  Leidy.  I  am  unable  to  discover  any  sexual 
character,  one  specimen  appears  to  have  the  penultimate  ventral  segment  of  the 
abdomen  a  little  produced  over  the  anal  segment  in  the  middle. 

2.  B.  varicornis,  nigro-piceus,  nitidissimus,  elytris  parce  pilosis,  pedibus 
testaceis,  genubus  nigris,  antennis  basi  testaceis,  medio  nigris,  articulis  3  ultimis 
albis.  Long.  *15. 

One  specimen,  Utica,  J.  C.  Brevoort.  The  elytra  are  testaceous  at  the  extreme 
apex ;  there  is  no  sutural  stria,  but  the  suture  is  slightly  elevated  behind  the 
middle,  the  setae  are  very  few  and  fine,  they  appear  to  be  arranged  in  three  or 
four  lines.  The  antennae  are  a  little  less  slender  than  in  the  preceding  species  ; 
the  first  four  joints  are  dark  testaceous,  the  four  next  are  black  ;  the  three  last 
are  white,  the  extreme  apex  of  the  last  joint  is  piceous. 

Mr.  Brevoort  found  this  insect  at  the  roots  of  some  grass  growing  near  water. 


An  Attempt  at  a  Synopsis  of  the  Genus  Geomys  Raf. 

By  John  L.  Le  Conte,  M.  D. 

Having  discovered  in  the  museum  of  the  Academy  two  nondescript  species 
belonging  to  this  curious  genus  of  pouched  rats,  I  thought  that  it  might  be  use¬ 
ful,  in  making  them  known,  to  attempt  also  to  bring  together  in  a  concise  man¬ 
ner  the  characteristics  of  the  species  heretofore  described. 

The  collection  of  the  Academy  is  fortunately  so  rich  in  this  genus  that  I  have 
had  an  opportunity  of  inspecting  more  species  than  any  author  since  Richardson 
first  made  known  his  numerous  species. 

I  would  further  observe,  that  on  account  of  the  great  rarity  of  specimens  in  the 
museums  of  continental  Europe,  the  attempts  in  systematic  works  to  reduce  this 
genus  to  order  have  been  by  no  means  successful. 

Rightly  has  Richardson  preferred  the  older  name  of  Rafinesque  to  the  more  re¬ 
cent  ones  of  Kuhl,  Lichtenstein  and  Say;  Pseudostoma,  the  name  proposed  by  the 
latter,  and  unfortunately  employed  in  the  superb  work  of  Audubon  and  Bachman 
on  North  American  mammalia,  can  in  no  case  be  adopted,  because,  as  will  be 
seen  below,  even  if  the  early  name  of  Rafinesque  should  be  dismissed  on  account 
of  any  mental  obliquity  displayed  in  other  matters,  the  name  Saccophorus,  pro¬ 
posed  by  Kuhl,  has  fully  three  years  priority.  For  the  same  reason  Ascomys. 
proposed  by  Lichtenstein,  and  adopted  by  Wagner  in  his  supplement  to  Schreber. 
must  also  be  rejected,  although  it  antedates  Say’s  name  by  one  year. 

There  is  among  many  scientific  men  a  tendency  to  disregard  every  thing  written 
by  Rafinesque,  on  the  plea  that  many  of  his  names  are  hastily  proposed,  and 
founded  upon  false  or  imaginary  characters.  But  surely  his  scientific  zeal  and 
laborious  research  deserve  more  attention,  where  their  results  are  not  obscured 
by  his  mental  peculiarities.  This  view  has  induced  me  to  coincide  with  Rich¬ 
ardson  in  restoring  to  this  group  the  generic  name  of  Geomys. 

Some  persons  disposed  to  be  hypercritical  might  object,  that  as  Rafinesque  in 
reality  established  two  genera,  Geomys  and  Diplostoma,  both  referring  to  the 
same  things,  it  is  a  matter  of  doubt  which  name  should  be  adopted,  and  would 
therefore  reject  both.  A  simple  reference  to  the  original  text  will  at  once  re¬ 
move  this  objection.  The  imperfection  of  the  specimens  will  account  for  the 
“  no  tail  ”  of  Diplostoma,  but  no  stretch  of  imagination  can  excuse  the  “  four 
toes  to  all  the  feet,”  and  “  two  long  jutting  and  furrowed  front  teeth  above  and 
beneath.” 

The  characters  of  Geomys,  on  the  contrary,  are  correct  in  every  particular, 
and  quite  sufficient  to  separate  the  genus  from  all  others  known. 

Misled  by  accounts  of  travellers,  Richardson  at  first  divided  this  group  into 
those  with  external  and  those  with  internal  cheek-pouches,  reserving  to  the  for¬ 
mer  the  untenable  name  of  Diplostoma.  In  his  recent  writings  he  has  reviewed 
his  former  opinion,  and  now  considers  them  as  forming  but  one  genus. 


158 


[September, 


Mach  of  the  confusion  in  the  species  has  arisen  from  a  laudable  desire  to  iden¬ 
tify  and  retain  the  names  of  the  older  authors,  even  when  unsupported  by  suffi¬ 
cient  descriptions.  Science  has  now,  however,  advanced  so  far,  that  it  is  time  to 
get  rid  of  all  hypothetical  synonyms  by  excluding  definitely  all  that  is  too  im¬ 
perfect  for  use,  even  when  sanctioned  by  great  age  or  character.  I  have  accord- 
ingly  placed  at  the  end  of  this  paper,  references  to  all  such  descriptions  as  seem 
to  be  unfit  for  quotations  under  any  individual  species,  and  would  recommend 
that  these  having  now  been  collected  together,  should  be  hereafter  passed  over 
in  respectful  silence. 

The  synonyms  of  this  genus  are  as  follows Geomys  Raf.  (1817): 
[Diplostoma  Raf.  (1817) ;  Sacchophorus  Kuhl ,  (1820) ;  Ascomys  Lichtenstein , 
(1822) ;  Pseudostoma  Say ,  (1823);  Oryctomys,  Eydoux,  (1827);  Thomomys 
Wied.  (1839). 

The  two  last  names  belong  only  to  the  second  division  of  the  genus,  or  those 
with  smooth  incisors,  that  character  having  been  assumed  as  of  generic  value. 

The  following  analytical  table  expresses  the  relation  between  all  the  species 
which  I  have  bad  an  opportunity  of  examining.  Four  species  of  Richardson  be¬ 
longing  to  group  B.  and  G.  castanops,  the  place  of  which  is  uncertain,  have  not 
been  included,  as  I  have  not  seen  them,  and  can  only  take  what  has  been  writ¬ 
ten  by  others  upon  them. 

A.  Dentes  primores  superiores  profunde  sulcati. 
a.  Cauda-fere  nuda. 


1.  Rufo-fuscus  fere  hispidus 

2.  Supra  rufus  :  primores  superiores  bicaniculati 

3.  Supra  plumbeus  :  primores  superiores  unisulcati 

b.  Cauda  pilosa. 

4.  Supra  nigricans,  primores  superiores  unisulcati 

5.  Supra  fuscescens,  primores  superiores  bicanaliculati 


G.  hispidus  Lee. 

G.  canadensis  Lee. 
G.  pineti  Raf. 

G.  mexicanus  Rich. 
G.  oregonensis  Lee. 


B.  Dentes  primores  non  sulcati. 

*3.  Supra  rufescens,  infra  albicans,  auribus  brevibus  G.  rufescens  Lee. 

A.  Dentibus  primoribus  sulco  profundo  exaratis. 
a.  Cauda  fere  nuda. 

1.  G.  hispidus,  pilis  concoloribus  rufo-fuscis  minus  subtilibus  tectus,  cauda 


brevi  nuda,  auribus  obsoletis. 

Length  from  nose  to  root  of  tail,  -----  11-5 

Tail, . -  3 

Anterior  foot  to  end  of  claw  of  third  toe,  -  -  -  1-7 

Posterior  foot  to  end  of  claw  of  third  toe,  -  1-9 


One  specimen,  Mexico,  Mr.  Pease’s  collection.  This  species  differs  from  all 
the  others  in  having  the  fur  very  coarse  and  harsh,  and  entirely  of  a  reddish 
brown  color.  Beneath  it  is  slightly  grayish,  but  the  difference  in  color  is  by  no 
means  obvious.  The  ears  are  not  at  all  prominent,  being  merely  openings  in  the 
skin.  The  whiskers  are  as  long  as  the  head.  The  upper  incisors  are  broken  off, 
but  enough  remains  to  show  that  they  were  deeply  grooved  near  the  middle  of 
the  anterior  surface  ;  it  is  impossible  to  determine  if  there  is  a  second  submar¬ 
ginal  groove.  The  tail  is  completely  naked  except  at  the  root.  The  feet  are 
precisely  as  in  the  other  species  of  this  division  of  the  genus. 

2.  G.  c  a  n  a  d  e  n  s  i  s ,  supra  rufus,  infra  flavicans,  pilis  subtilibus,  basi  satu¬ 
rate  plumbeis,  genis  pedibusque  albidis,  cauda  mediocri  nuda,  auribus  brevibus, 


primoribus  superioribus  bisulcatis. 

Length  from  nose  to  foot  of  tail,  -  -  -  -  -  6-7 

“  Tail,  . 3-2 

Anterior  foot  to  end  of  third  claw,  -  -  -  -  1*3 

Posterior  foot  to  end  of  third  claw,  1-3 


159 


1852.] 

Ascomys  canadensis  Lichtenstein,  Abhandl.  Bed.  Akad.  1822,  p.  20,  tab.; 
Brantz,  Muiz.  24  ;  Wagner,  Schreb.  Saiigeth.  Suppl.  3,  383  ;  Schinz,  Syn.  Mam. 

2,  132. 

Pseudostoma  bursarius  Say,  Long’s  Exped.  1,  406,  Godman,  Nat.  Hist.  2, 
90,  fig.  2  ;  Harlan,  Fauna,  153 ;  Audubon  and  Bachman,  Quadrupeds  of  Ame¬ 
rica,  1,  332,  pi.  44. 

?  Mus  saccatus  Mitchell,  Med.  Repos.  1821 ;  5,  89. 

Saccophorus  bursarius  Kuhl,  Beitrage,  66  ;  Fischer,  Syn.  Mam.  304 ;  Eydoux, 
Yoy.  Favorite,  1,  23. 

One  small  specimen  from  the  Bonaparte  collection,  locality  not  stated.  Ac¬ 
cording  to  Lichtenstein  and  Bachman  it  is  found  in  Canada  and  in  the  upper  and 
middle  portion  of  the  valley  of  the  Mississippi. 

The  fur  is  fine  and  dense,  not  very  lustrous  ;  it  is  deep  plumbeous  for  two- 
thirds  of  its  length  ;  above  it  is  tipped  with  rufous,  beneath  with  ochreous  yel¬ 
low  ;  the  margin  of  the  cheek  pouches,  the  feet,  and  the  posterior  part  of  the  fore 
legs  are  covered  with  whitish  hair.  The  margin  of  the  ears  is  short  but  very 
distinct ;  the  tail  is  almost  entirely  naked.  The  superior  incisors  have  two 
grooves,  the  outer  one  broad  and  deep,  nearer  the  external  than  the  internal  mar¬ 
gin  ;  the  inner  one  fine  and  deep,  contiguous  to  the  margin.  The  anterior  claws 
are  comparatively  larger  than  in  G.  hispidus. 

This  species  agrees  accurately  with  the  description  and  figure  of  Lichtenstein. 
Mus  bursarius  ( Shaw ,)  which  is  referred  to  this  species,  is  altogether  doubtful, 
and  ought  to  be  omitted  ;  his  description  reads  “  cauda  subnuda,”  while  the  figure 
represents  it  as  decidedly  hairy  for  its  whole  length ;  the  references  to  it  as  well 
as  to  other  notices  too  imperfect  for  determination  will  be  found  at  the  end  of 
this  essay.  Godman’s  figure  is  worthless,  and  both  his  account  and  Harlan’s  are 
copied  from  Say.  Mitchell’s  account  is  extremely  imperfect,  and  nothing  but 
the  locality  (Lake  Superior)  induces  me  to  refer  it  to  this  species.  Wagner  has 
misquoted  Lichtenstein ;  the  citations  from  Brantz  and  Kuhl  I  have  copied,  as  I 
have  not  had  access  to  their  original  memoirs.  Eydoux’  remarks  relate  only  to 
the  teeth,  and  are  applicable  to  other  species. 

3.  G.  p  i  n  e  t  i ,  mollipilosus,  plumbeus,  pilis  inferioribus  apice  albidis,  mento 
pedibusque  albopilosis,  cauda  brevi  nuda,  auribus  obseletis,  primoribus,  superi- 
oribus  extra  medium  sulcatis. 

Length  from  nose  to  root  of  tail,  -  -  -  -  -  11* 

“  Tail,  -  . 2-5 

Anterior  foot  to  end  of  third  claw,  -  -  -  -  1*4 

Posterior  foot  to  end  of  third  claw,  -  1*5 

Rafinesque,  Am.  Monthly  Magazine,  1817,  2,  45. 

Saccophorus?  pineti  Fischer,  Syn.  Mam.  305. 

Pseudostoma  floridana  Aud.  and  Bachm.  Quadrup.  Am.  3  pi.  150,  fig.  1. 

One  specimen  from  Florida  in  the  Academy,  and  two  from  Alabama,  from  V. 
G.  Audubon,  Esq. ;  also  inhabits  the  lower  part  of  Georgia,  but  suddenly  dis¬ 
appears  at  the  Savannah  river,  not  extending  into  South  Garolina.  The  fur  is 
fine,  dense  and  shining,  dark  plumbeous,  on  the  back  tipped  with  blackish  brown, 
fading  gradually  on  the  sides  into  brown,  and  on  the  belly  into  whitish  gray ; 
the  upper  lip  is  white;  the  ears  are  scarcely  perceptibly  elevated;  the  tail  is 
naked,  with  only  a  few  distant,  short,  grayish  hairs.  The  upper  incisors  are 
deeply  grooved  just  outside  of  the  middle  of  the  anterior  face  :  the  inner  margin 
is  not  grooved.  The  smaller  of  the  specimens  sent  me  by  the  kindness  of  Mr. 
Audubon  is  more  decidedly  brown,  so  that  the  dark  color  is  assumed  only  by 
the  adult  animal,  or  is  dependent  on  season. 

Rafinesque’s  description  <£  murine  color,  tail  entirely  naked,  shorter  than  the 
body,”  although  short,  is  characteristic,  and  coupled  with  the  locality,  leaves  no 
doubt  whatever  of  the  identify  of  the  present  species.  There  is  a  notice  in 
Bewick’s  History  of  Quadrupeds,  (New  York  ed.,  1804,  p.  525,)  of  a  species  from 
Georgia,  by  Dr.  S.  L.  Mitchill,  which  from  the  locality  may  be  identical  with 
the  one  here  described,  but  the  description  is  worthless,  and  is  moreover  unac¬ 
companied  by  any  systematic  name. 


160 


[September, 


b.  Cauda  pilosa. 

4.  G.  mexicanus,  mollipilosus,  saturate  cinereus,  supra  nigro-tinctus, 
naao  brunneo,  cauda  mediocri,  pilosa,  versus,  apicem  subnuda,  auribus  brevibus, 
primoribus  superioribus  medio  profunde  sulcatis. 

Length  from  nose  to  foot  of  tail,  -  -  -  -  -  11* 

“  Tail,  -  --  --  --  -  5. 

Fore  foot  to  end  of  middle  claw,  -  -  -  -  -  1*7 

Hind  foot  to  end  of  middle  claw,  -----  1-7 

Ascomys  mexicanus  Lichtenstein,  Abhandl.  Berl.  Akad.  1825,  113  ;  Brantz, 
Muiz.  27  ;  Wagner,  Schreb.  Saugth.  Suppl.  3,  384  ;  Schinz,  Syn.  Mam.  2,  133. 

Saccophorus  mexicanus  Fischer,  Richardson,  Rep.  Brit.  Ass.  6,  156;  Syn.  Mam. 
305  :  Eydoux,  Yoy.  Favorite,  23,  tab.  8. 

One  specimen,  Mexico,  Mr.  J.  Speakman.  Fur  very  fine,  shining,  very  dark 
cinereous,  above  tipped  with  black,  beneath  entirely  cinereous ;  nose  and  whis¬ 
kers  brownish  ;  breast  and  fore  legs  slightly  tinted  with  brown.  Ears  short. 
Upper  incisors  with  a  very  deep  groove  on  the  middle  of  the  anterior  surface. 
Feet  thinly  clothed  with  brownish  hair.  Tail  covered  with  hair,  which  is  very 
dense  and  long  at  the  base,  gradually  becoming  shorter  and  more  scanty,  leav¬ 
ing  the  tip  almost  naked. 

This  specimen  agrees  with  Lichtenstein’s  and  Wagner’s  descriptions,  except 
that  the  tail  is  not  “  very  thinly  haired ;  ”  a  lighter  colored  specimen  mentioned 
in  a  marginal  note  by  Wagner,  had  the  “  root  of  the  tail  surrounded  by  a  very 
short  band  of  hair ;  the  remaining  part  naked,  with  verticillate  scales.”  So  that 
this  species  must  vary  considerably  in  the  structure  of  the  tail,  or  there  are 
several  closely  allied  species  confounded  under  the  same  name.  The  extraordi¬ 
nary  variations  mentioned  by  Brantz,  but  not  seen  by  any  other  author,  would 
3eem  to  give  weight  to  the  latter  opinion  ;  the  varieties  are  thus  described  : — 
Castaneus,  infra  canescens,  maculis  gastraei  duabus  nigro-fuscis. 

uy.  Saturate  nigro-fuscus,  maculis  gastraei  duabus  irregularibus  albis,  canal- 
iculo  dent.  prim.  sup.  magis  laterali  et  externo.” 

I  have  omitted  the  citations  from  Hernandez  and  other  old  and  unsystematic 
authors,  because  I  see  no  utility  in  repeating  continually  barbarous  names,  which 
were  in  use  before  natural  history  assumed  the  form  of  a  science. 


5.  G.  oregonensis,  mollipilosus,  cinereus,  castaneo-tinctus,  dorso  fusces- 
cente,  mento,  cauda  brevi,  pedibusque  albo-pilosis,  auribus  brevissimus,  primo¬ 
ribus  superioribus  bisulcatis. 

Large.  Small. 


Length  from  nose  to  root  of  tail, 
“  Tail,  - 

Fore  foot  to  end  of  third  claw, 
Hind  foot  to  end  of  third  claw, 


- 

„ 

- 

10*8 

7.7 

- 

- 

- 

2-3 

2-3 

- 

- 

- 

1*5 

1*2 

- 

- 

- 

1-2 

1- 

Two  specimens  marked  “Pseudostoma  bursarius,  Columbia  river,  J.  K. 
Townsend.”  Another  from  Mr.  Audubon  without  locality,  under  the  same 
name.  Fur  fine,  shining,  very  dark  cinereous,  tipped  with  chestnut  brown, 
becoming  paler  beneath  ;  hair  on  the  middle  of  the  back  tipped  with  fuscous  ; 
whiskers  shorter  than  the  head,  whitish  ;  chin  with  a  large  spot  of  whitish  hair  ; 
feet  densely  clothed  with  white  hair.  Ears  with  a  very  short  elevated  margin. 
Upper  incisors  with  a  very  deep  groove  at  the  middle,  and  a  narrow  but  distinct 
one  at  the  inner  margin  of  the  anterior  face.  Tail  short,  covered  with  whitish 
hair,  becoming  scanty  at  the  tip.  Claws  of  the  posterior  feet  rather  obtuse,  and 
moderately  flattened. 

The  hairy  tail  and  white  chin  at  once  distinguish  this  species  from  G.  cana¬ 
densis.  The  color  is  much  less  red,  and  the  middle  of  the  back  darker.  It  agrees 
very  closely  with  the  figure  and  description  of  Diplostoma?  bulbivorum,  Rich¬ 
ardson,  Fauna  Bor.  Am.  206,  pi.  18B,  (the  latter  marked  by  mistake  D.  Dougla- 
sii,)  but  that  species  has  no  grooves  on  the  upper  incisors. 


1852.] 


161 


B.  Dentes  primores  sulco  medio  nullo. 

6.  G.  rufescens,  mollipilosus,  saturate  cinereus,  supra  rufo-tinctus,lateribus 
et  infra  albo-tinctus,  oribus  brevibus,  cauda  mediocri  albo-pilosa,  primoribus 


superioribus  intus  marginatis. 

Large.  Small. 

Length  from  nose  to  root  of  tail,  ...  8-  5-4 

“  Tail, . 1*9  2- 

Fore  foot  to  end  of  third  claw,  ...  1.  *8 

Hind  foot  to  end  of  third  claw,  .  .  .  1-15  *9 


Thomomys  rufescens  Weid,  Nov.  Act.  Leop.  Car.  Akad.  (1839)  19,  377 ; 
Schinz,  Syn.  Mam.  2,  134. 

Geomys  borealis  Bachman,  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  (1839)  8,  103  ;  Richardson, 
Report  British  Ass.  2,  150  ;  Schinz,  Syn.  Mam.  2,  136. 

Geomys  Toivnsendi  Bachman,  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  8,  105  ;  Richardson,  Zool. 
of  Beechey’s  Yoy.  12;  Schinz,  Syn.  Mam.  2,  137. 

?Oryctomys  ( Saccophorus )  Bottce  Eydoux,  Yoy.  Favorite,  (1837)  1,  2,  23. 

Ascomys  rufescens  Wagner,  Schreber  Saiigeth.  Suppl.  3,  387. 

Ascomys  borealis  Wagner,  ibid.  391. 

Ascomys  Townsendi  Wagner  Wagner,  ibid.  391. 

Pseudostoma  borealis ,  Aud.  &  Bachm.  Quadr.  Am.  3,  pi.  142. 

Saccophorus  borealis  Gray,  Cat.  Brit.  Museum,  142. 

“  Geomys  bursarius  Richardson.”  Gray,  ibid. 

Two  specimens  from  Columbia  river,  J.  K.  Townsend;  the  larger  one  labelled 
“ Pseudostoma  Townsendi  (Rich.),”  the  smaller  one  “Pseudostoma  borealis.” 

The  fur  is  very  fine  and  shining,  dark  cinereous,  tipped  on  the  back  with  ru¬ 
fous,  on  the  sides  and  beneath  with  white;  on  the  chin  and  feet  the  hair  is  almost 
entirely  white.  The  whiskers  are  gray,  and  nearly  as  long  as  the  head.  Th^ 
ears  are  short  but  distinct.  The  tail  is  covered  with  whitish  hair  ;  the  upper  in¬ 
cisors  are  slender,  and  marked  with  a  very  fine  line  at  the  inner  margin  of  the 
anterior  face. 

This  species  (and  probably  all  the  others  of  this  division,)  has  the  inferior 
incisors  much  more  slender  than  those  above  described  ;  the  fossorial  claws  of  the 
anterior  feet  are  also  much  smaller,  so  that  even  if  the  teeth  were  wanting  no 
difficulty  would  ensue  in  the  determination  of  the  species. 

The  specimen  of  the  Prince  de  Weid  was  found  on  the  plains  of  the  Missouri, 
but  his  description  agrees  so  accurately  with  our  specimens,  that  there  can  be  no 
doubt  of  their  identity.  Dr.  Bachman  mentions  his  want  of  faith  in  the  specific 
difference  of  the  two  specimens  described  by  him,  and  gives  them  as  distinct  on 
the  authority  of  Richardson.  The  latter  remarks  in  Beechey’s  Voyage,  that  4,G. 
Townsendi  is  distinguished  from  G.  borealis  by  its  longer  tail.”  It  must  be  ob¬ 
served,  however,  that  in  Dr.  Bachman’s  measurements,  the  small  specimen  of  G. 
borealis,  five  inches  and  a  half  in  length,  has  the  same  length  of  tail  as  the  large 
one,  which  is  two  inches  longer.  The  specimen  of  G.  Townsendi  of  the  same 
size  as  the  large  G.  borealis,  had  a  tail  nine  lines  longer,  which  is  in  exact  pro¬ 
portion  to  the  small  specimen  of  G.  borealis.  The  large  specimen  now  before 
me,  (which  is  labelled  G.  Townsendi,)  has  the  precise  proportions  of  the  G. 
borealis  described  by  Bachman,  and  is  probably  the  identical  one  examined  by 
him.  On  careful  examination,  I  find  that  the  tail  does  not  taper  regularly  as  in 
the  other  specimen,  and,  moreover,  at  its  apex  a  distinct  cicatrix  is  visible.  I 
think  we  are  therefore  warranted  in  concluding  that  Geomys  borealis  is  founded 
in  a  mistake. 

I  do  not  know  what  Mr.  J.  E.  Gray  means  by  quoting  <£  Geomys  bursarius 
Richardson,  Report  of  British  Association,  1836,  156,”  as  a  synonym  of  this 
species.  Sir  John  Richardson,  on  page  9  of  the  Zoology  of  Beechey’s  Voyage, 
mentions  that  Mus  bursarius  of  Shaw  is  a  Geomys,  and  on  page  12  describes  G. 
borealis,  thereby  implying  that  he  considers  them  as  distinct  species. 

There  is  a  third  specimen  in  the  museum  of  the  Academy  labelled  “  Pseudos¬ 
toma  Richardsonii,  Columbia  river,  J,  K.  Townsend,”  which  only  differs  from 


162 


[September, 


those  above  described  in  being  darker  colored,  and  brown  above,  rather  than 
rufous  ;  the  head  is  darker,  the  breast  is  slightly  tinged  with  brown,  the  chin  and 
inside  of  the  cheek  pouches  more  distinctly  white,  and  the  sides  of  the  mouth 
dark  fuscous.  As,  however,  I  can  find  no  specific  characters  of  importance,  I 
am  obliged  to  consider  it  as  a  variety.  Its  dimensions  are  as  follows  : 

Length  from  nose  to  root  of  tail, . 7*5 

“  Tail, . .  .  2*9 


Fore  foot  to  end  of  third  claw, 
Hind  foot  to  end  of  third  claw, 


1-1 

1-25 


7.  G.  Douglasii,  “supra  fuliginosus,  subtus  pallidior,  capite  nigricante ; 
sacculis  buccalibus,pedibus  caudaque  albidis ;  dentibus  primoribus  omnibus  sulco 
subtili  submarginali  signatis.” 


Length  from  nose  to  root  of  tail, 
“  Tail, 

Fore  foot  with  longest  claw, 
Hind  foot  with  longest  claw, 


Inches.  Lines. 

6  6  ' 

2  10 

1 

1  2 


Richardson  Fauna  Bor.  Am.  200,  pi.  18,  C.  1 — 6,  (Skull.);  Aud.  and  Bachm 
pi.  105. 

Ascomys  Douglasii  Wagner,  Schreber  Saugeth.  Suppl.  3,  392. 

Geomys  fuliginosus  Schinz,  Syn.  Mam.  2,  136. 

Columbia  River.  Richardson  in  his  generic  description  mentions  that  the  ears 
have  an  elevated  margin  ;  the  species  is  cited  in  the  Zoology  of  Beechev’s  Voyage, 
page  22,  but  as  no  further  account  is  given  of  it,  I  have  of  course  omitted  that 
reference.  Schinz  has  created  an  unnecessary  synonym  by  neglecting  to  observe 
that  plate  18B,  of  Fauna  Boreali- Americana,  represents  in  reality  Geomys  bulbi- 
vorus,  and  is  lettered  by  mistake  Diplostoma  Douglasii. 

8.  G.  t alp  oides,  “supra  subtusque  cano-niger,  gula  caudaque brevi albi3, 
pedibus  posticis  subtetradactylis  ;  dentibus  primoribus  superioribus  sulco  sub- 


marginali.” 

Inches. 

Lines. 

Length  from  nose  to  root  of  tail, 

7 

4 

“  Tail, . 

1 

10 

Fore  foot  with  middle  claw, 

10J 

Hind  foot  with  longest  claw, 

• 

11 

Richardson,  Fauna  Bor.  Am.  204  ;  Schinz,  Syn.  Mam.  137. 

Cricetus  ?talpoides  Richardson,  Zool.  Journal,  2,  518. 

Ascomys  talpoides  Wagner,  Schreber  Saugeth.  1.  c.  390. 

F seudo stoma  talpoides  Aud.  and  Bach.  Quadr.  Am.  3,  43,  pi.  110. 

Hudson  Bay  ;  Saskatchewan?  “  Ears  slightly  margined.” 

9.  G.  umbrinus,  “ supra umbrinus,  subtus griseus, gula pedibusque  albidis, 
dentibus  primoribus  laevigatis.” 


Length  from  nose  to  root  of  tail, 
“  Tail, 

Fore  foot  to  end  of  third  claw, 
Hind  foot  to  end  of  third  claw, 


Inches. 

7 

1 


Lines. 

9 

10 


Richardson,  Fauna  Bor.  Am.  202  ;  Schinz,  Syn.  Mam.  137. 

Ascomys  umbrinus  Wagner,  1.  c.  389. 

“  Cadadaguios,  Louisiana.”  This  species  has  been  seen  by  no  one  but  Rich¬ 
ardson  ;  it  seems  by  description  very  similar  to  the  next,  but  by  the  generic  de¬ 
scription  of  Richardson  it  ought  to  have  a  distinct  margin  to  the  ears. 

10.  G.  bulbivorus,  ‘  ‘supra  inter  castaneo  et  flavido-fuscum  intermedius,  infra 
griseo-fu3Cus,labiis,  maxilla  inferiori  sacculisque  albidis,  cauda  pallide  brunnea. 


1852.] 


163 


Length  from  nose  to  root  of  tail, 
“  tail, 

Fore  foot  to  end  of  third  claw, 
Hind  foot  to  end  of  third  claw, 


Inches.  Lines. 

11  0 

2  6 

1  0 

1  6 


Richardson,  Zool.  Beechey’s  Voy.  13  ;  Schinz,  Syn.  Mam.  2,  135. 

Diplostoma ?  bulbivorum  Richardson,  Fauna  Bor.  Am.  1,  206. 

Diplostoma  Douglassii  Richardson,  ibid.  pi.  13,  B. 

Geomys  Douglassii  Schinz,  Syn.  Mam.  2,  135. 

Ascomgs  bulbivorus  Wagner,  1.  c.  387. 

Columbia  river ;  ears  obsolete.  No  one  since  Richardson  appears  to  have  ob¬ 
served  this  animal.  Schinz  has  made  ODe  species  of  the  description,  and  another 
of  the  figure  of  this  animal :  his  description  of  the  latter  seems  concocted  from 
the  text  under  Diplostoma?  bulbivorum. 


11.  G.  castanops,  pallide  flavo-brunneus,  capite  utrinque  macula  laterali 
magna  castanea  notato. 

Inches. 


Length  to  base  of  tail,  (approximate,)  ...  8 

“  tail, . 2f 

Hand,  (along  the  palm,) . 13-12ths 

Length  of  exposed  part  of  middle  anterior  claw,  .  £ 

Hind  foot  (along  sole)  from  heel,  ....  1  4-12ths 

Middle  claw, .  19-60ths 


Pseudostoma  castanops  Baird,  Stansbury’s  Exped.  to  Great  Salt  Lake,  313. 

Found  near  Bent’s  Fort.  Dr.  Baird  does  not  mention  whether  the  tail  is  naked 
or  hairy ;  the  incisors  are  not  described,  probably  because  they  were  wanting, 
and  we  have  therefore  no  data  to  determine  the  position  of  this  species.  Judging 
by  the  length  of  the  exposed  part  of  the  anterior  middle  claw,  it  should  belong  to 
the  first  division. 

A  species  with  bisulcate  superior  incisors  is  mentioned  by  Richardson  (Report 
British  Ass.  5,  157,)  under  the  name  Geomys  Drummondi,  and  by  Wagner  as 
Ascomys  Drummondi,  but  as  no  description  has  yet  been  published,  the  species 
must  of  course  be  dropped  from  the  books. 

The  following  descriptions  are  too  imperfect,  or  too  faulty  for  reference. 

Mus  bur3arius  Shaw,  Lin.  Trans.  5,  227,  pi.  8  ;  Shaw,  Gen.  Zool.  2,  1,  100, 
pi.  138. 

Mus  bursarius  Mitchill,  Silliman’s  Journ.  4,  183. 

Cricetus  bursarius  Desmarest,  Mammalogie,  312,  (copied  from  Mitchill  and 
from  Shaw.) 

Cricetus  bursarius  F.  Cuvier,  Diet.  Sc.  Nat.  20,  257,  (copied.) 

Diplostoma  fusca  Rafinesque,  Am.  Month.  Mag.  1817,  45. 

Diplostoma  alba  Rafinesque,  ibid. 

Saccophorus?  albus  Fischer,  Syn.  Mam.  305. 

Geomys  cinerea  Rafinesque,  Am.  Monthly  Mag.  1817,  45. 

Geomys  bursarius  Richardson,  Fauna  Bor.  Am.  203  ;  Zool.  of  Beechey’s 
Yoy.  9. 


Catalogue  of  the  Melyrides  of  the  United  States ,  with  Descriptions  of  New 

Species. 

By  Jo^n  L.  Le  Conte,  M.  D. 

Div.  1.  Mu/nrh.i, 

Collops  Er. 

1.  C.  b  i  p  u  n  ct  a  t  u  s  Er.  Entomographien,  55;  Malachius  bipunctatus 
Say,  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sci.  3,  T85 ;  Am.  Entom.  3,  pi.  48. 

Missouri  Territory  and  Northern  Mexico. 

26 


164 


[September, 


2.  C.  marginicollis,  niger  cinereo-pubescens,  supra  nigro-pilosellus, 
capite  vix  punctulato,  thorace  laevi  transverso,  rufo-margiDato,  elytris  cyaneis, 
confertissime  subtiliter  punctatis,  abdomine  sanguineo.  Long.  -2. 

San  Diego,  California ;  one  female,  with  the  antennae  piceous,  except  the 
three  basal  joints,  which  are  rufous.  The  thorax  is  more  transverse  and  less 
rounded  on  the  sides  than  the  next  species,  and  the  discoidal  black  spot  is  so 
large  as  to  leave  only  a  narrow  red  margin. 

3.  C.  nigriceps  Er.  Entom.  56;  Malachius  nigriceps  Say,  Journ.  Ac. 
3,  183;  Am.  Ent.  3,  pi.  48. 

Middle  and  Southern  States. 

4.  0.  eximius  Er.  Entom.  56. 

New  York.  Very  similar  to  the  preceding,  but  the  anterior  femora  are  yel¬ 
low,  and  the  abdomen  sanguineous,  without  black  spots. 

5.  C.  tricolor  Er.  Entom.  57  ;  Malachius  tricolor  Say,  Journ.  Ac.  3,  182  ; 
Am.  Ent.  3,  pi.  48. 

New  York  and  Lake  Superior  ;  a  variety  with  the  lateral  margin  of  the  elytra 
more  distinctly  rufous,  is  found  in  Missouri  Territory. 

6.  C.  punctatus,  niger  subtiliter  cinereo-pubescens,  supra  dense  nigro- 
pilosellus,  capite  confertim  subtiliter  punctato,  thorace  laevi  rufo,  transverso, 
lateribus  et  basi  valde  rotandatis,  elytris  alutaceis,  confertim  punctatis. 
Long.  *17. 

Two  females  from  Missouri  Territory;  the  antennse  are  black,  with  the 
two  basal  joints  rufous  ;  the  body  beneath  is  black,  with  the  coxae  inclining  to 
rufous. 

7.  C.  cribrosus,  aeneo-niger,  cinereo-pubescens,  supra  nigro-pilosellus, 
thorace  laevi,  rufo,  transverso,  lateribus  valde  rotundato,  macula  magna  discoi- 
dali  nigro  notato,  elytris  convexis  viridibus  grosse  punctatis,  pedibu3  anticis 
testaceis.  Long.  *15 — -17. 

San  Diego,  California,  under  sea  weed.  The  male  has  the  antennae  entirely 
rufous ;  in  the  female  the  external  joints  are  piceous,  with  their  outer  angles 
rufous. 

8.  C.  q  u  a  drim  ac  ul  at  us  Er.  Entom.  58.  Malachius  4- niaculatus  Fabr. 
Syst.  El.  1,  308. 

Common  in  the  Middle  and  Southern  States. 

9.  C.  confluens;  niger,  cinereo-pubescens,  supra  nigro-pilosellus,  capite 
subtilissime  punctulato,  thorace  rufo  transverso,  ad  latera  punctulato,  elytris 
confertissime  punctatis  rufis  macula  basali  alteraque  majore  postica  fere  con- 
fluente  viridibus,  abdomine  sanguino.  Long.  -17. 

Missouri  Territory,  two  females  ;  the  antennae  are  piceous,  with  the  four 
basal  joints  pale  ;  the  spots  on  the  elytra  are  so  large  as  to  leave  only  the  suture 
and  margin  red  ;  the  red  is  wider  at  the  middle,  both  on  the  suture  and  margin, 
while  in  the  next  species,  the  external  margin  alone  is  dilated.  From  both  C. 
4-maculatus  and  C.  vittatus  it  is  easily  distinguished  by  the  finely  punctured 
Bides  of  the  thorax. 

10.  C.  vittatus  Er.  Entom.  60;  Malachius  vittatus  Say,  Journ.  Ac.  3, 

184;  Am.  Ent.  3,  pi.  48.  (  <$  )  Megadeuterus  Haworthi  Westwood,  Tr.  Ent- 

Middle  States,  rare. 

11.  C.  marginellus,  niger,  densius  cinereo-pubescens,  supra  nigro- 
pilosellus,  capite  thoraceque  subtiliter  punctulatis,  hoc  tenuiter  rufo  marginato, 
transverso,  elytris  cyaneis  confertim  punctatis  margine  ad  medium  latiore  sutu- 
raque  rufis,  abdomine  pedibusque  rufis.  Long.  -17. 

River  Colorado,  California;  the  red  margin  of  the  elytra  is  dilated  as  in  C. 
vittatus.  The  antenna;  of  the  male  are  entirely  rufous,  those  of  the  female  are 
piceous,  with  three  or  four  basal  joints  rufous. 


1852.] 


165 


12.  C.  punctulatus,  niger  subtilins  pubescens,  et  parcius  nigro  pilosel- 
lus,  capite  confertim  sabtilius  punctato,  thorace  parcius  punctulato  margine 
laterali  tenui  testaceo,  elytris  alutaceis,  subtilins  punctatis,  margine  ad  medium 
latiore,  sutura  antice  dilatata  apiceque  flavis,  tibiis  tarsisque  testaceis,  femori- 
bus  nigris.  Long.  *12. 

One  female,  Missouri  Territory;  the  first  joint  of  the  antennae  and  half  of  the 
second  are  pale,  the  others  are  black. 

14.  C.  hi  8 trio  Er.  Entom.  59  ;  Mannerheim,  Bull.  Mosc.  1843,  247. 

California,  unknown  to  me.  This  species  fs  very  similar  to  4-maculatus,  but 
the  thorax  is  densely  punctulate,  and  the  posterior  spot  of  the  elytra  reaches 
the  margin  near  the  apex. 

Malachius  Fabr.  (emend.  Er.) 

1.  M.  aen  e  u  s  Fabr.  Syst.  El.  1,  306  ;  Er.  Entom.  66. 

Cambridge,  Mass.,  Dr.  Harris.  Undoubtedly  introduced,  but  apparently 
naturalized,  as  one  or  two  specimens  occur  every  year.  For  the  synonyms  see 
Erichson  as  cited  above.  The  references  relate  only  to  the  occurrence  of  the 
insect  in  Europe,  and  therefore  should  have  no  place  in  our  fauna. 

2.  M.  a  u  r  i  t  u  s  ,  cyaneo-niger,  vix  cinereo-pubescens,  labri  margine 
clypeoque  flavis,  thorace  vix  transverso,  angulis  omnibus  rotundatis,  lateribus 
anguste  rubris,  elytris  subtiliter  scabris,  linea  vix  elevata  notatis.  Long.  -23. 

San  Francisco  and  San  Jose,  California.  The  male  has  the  tips  of  the  elytra 
obliquely  truncate  and  split,  the  inner  part  rising  over  the  outer;  in  the  female 
the  tip  is  not  distorted,  and  is  of  a  brilliant  red  color.  The  maxillary  palpi  are 
short  and  subacute;  the  abdomen  is  entirely  horny  beneath. 

3.  M.  1  o  n  g  ic  e  p  s  ,  niger  nitidus,  breviter  nigro-pilosellus,  parce  subtiliter 
pubescens,  capite  elongato,  thorace  lateribus  sanguineis  rectis  antice  rotundatis, 
elytris  vix  rugosis  sutura  apiceque  sanguineis.  LoDg.  *15. 

A  very  singular  species  from  San  Diego,  California.  The  head  is  twice  as 
long  as  wide,  the  antennae  are  inserted  in  front  of  the  eyes,  but  not  at  the  tip  ; 
they  are  strongly  serrate  in  the  male,  and  but  moderately  so  in  the  female,  the 
last  joint  of  the  maxillary  palpi  is  longer  than  the  preceding,  and  acute.  The 
thorax  is  not  wider  than  long.  The  elytra  are  dilated  behind,  and  the  tip  is 
entire  in  both  sexes.  The  basal  joints  of  the  abdomen  are  membranous  in  the 
middle  of  their  ventral  surface.  The  anterior  tarsi  of  the  male  have  the  two 
basal  joints  slightly  dilated.  In  this  species  the  clypeus  has  a  small  mem¬ 
branous  spot  anteriorly,  similar  to  the  1  rhinarium ’  of  some  species  of 
Necrophorus. 


Anthocomus  Er. 

1.  A.  Erichsonii.  “  A.  otiosus  Say.”  Er.  Entom.  99. 

This  species  is  unknown  to  me,  it  differs  from  the  next  species  by  having  the 
apex  of  the  elytra  of  the  male  compressed ;  the  anterior  tarsi  are  not  dilated. 

2.  A.  otiosus.  Malachius  nigripenvis\fifij,  Journ.  Ac.  3,  184;  Mala¬ 
chius  otioszcs  Say,  Am.  Ent.  3,  pi.  48.  Anthocomus  atripennis  Er.  108  (var. 
with  immaculate  thorax.) 

Middle  and  Southern  States.  The  male  of  this,  as  of  all  the  following  species 
has  the  second  joint  of  the  anterior  tarsi  enlarged  and  produced  above  the 
third  and  fourth  joints  ;  the  tip  of  the  elytra  is  not  compressed  or  distorted.  The 
anterior  feet  are  usually  yellow. 

3.  A.  rufifrons.  Malachius  rvfifrons\ Dej.  Cat. 

Georgia ;  from  a  specimen  too  mutilated  for  description  this  species  seems 
very  similar  to  the  last  mentioned,  but  differs  in  the  head  being  entirely  rufous. 

4.  A.  lateralis,  niger,  subtilissime  cinereo-pubescens,  clypeo  rufo, 


166  [September, 

thorace  transverso,  lateribus  et  angulia  yalde  rotundatia  8ubtiliter  punctulato, 
rufo,  vitta  lata  nigra  notato,  elytris  vix  rugosia.  Long.  *10. 

Pennsylvania.  Very  similar  to  A.  otiosus,  but  the  thorax,  besides  being 
finely  punctulate,  has  the  posterior  angles  more  broadly  margined. 

5.  A.  flavilabris.  Malachius  flavilabris  Say,  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  5, 
169.  Mai.  cceruleus  Randall,  Bost.  Journ.  Nat.  Hist.  2,  16. 

One  specimen,  Vermont.  Prof.  C.  B.  Adams. 

6.  A.circumscriptua  Er.  Entom.  107.  Malachius  drcumscriptus  Say, 
Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  3,  185. 

SoutLern  States,  not  rare. 

7.  A  c  i  n  c  t  u  a  ,  testaceus,  supra  niger,  subtiliter  cinereo-pubescens,  parce 
nigro-pilosellus,  ore  thoracis  margine  tenui,  elytrorum  basi  margineque  omni 
flaxis,  postpectore  nigr®.  Long.  -12. 

Colorado  River,  California.  The  antennse  are  piceous,  with  the -base  pale; 
the  thorax  is  transverse  aud  rounded  on  the  sides  as  in  the  other  species.  The 
pygidium  is  black,  margined  with  testaceous;  the  abdomen  has  two  rows  of 
piceous  spots,  the  posterior  tibiae  are  piceous. 

8.  A.  difficilis,  niger,  ore  flavo,  thorace  lateribus  tenuiter  flavis,  elytris 
margine  suturali  et  externo  usque  ad  medium,  apiceque  flavis,  pedibus  basi 
flavis.  Long.  -13. 

Colorado  River.  This  species  ia  so  similar  to  the  last,  in  every  respect, 
except  color,  that  I  hesitate  to  consider  it  distinct ;  the  pubescence  if  it  ever 
had  any  has  been  entirely  removed.  Only  a  single  specimen  was  found. 

9.  A.  lobatus,  flavus,  parce  cinereo-pubescens,  capite  postice  piceo’ 
thorace  maculis  3  nigris  confluentibus  notato,  scutello  nigro,  elytris  nigris 
margine  omni,  basi  suturaque  late  flavis,  subtus  niger  pedibus  abdominisque 
apice  flavis.  Long.  -07. 

A  very  pretty  little  species  from  the  Colorado  River,  California.  The 
antennm  are  piceous,  with  the  under  part  of  the  basal  joints  pale.  A  variety 
has  the  head  black,  with  only  the  clypeus  pale  ;  the  spots  of  the  thorax  so  large 
as  to  leave  only  a  narrow  yellow  margin  ;  the  sutural  yellow  margin  of  the 
elytra  not  reaching  the  scutel,  and  the  posterior  feet  dusky.  It  was  found  at 
Vailecitas,  on  the  western  edge  of  the  desert  of  the  Colorado. 

10.  A.terminalis  Er.  Entom.  108.  Malachius  terviinalis  Say,  Journ. 
Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  5,  71. 

Middle  and  Southern  States. 

11.  A.scincetus  Er.  Entom.  109.  Malachius  scincetus  Say,  Journ. 
Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  5, 170. 

Southern  States.  Inasmuch  as  Erichson  has  adopted  this  specific  name,  I 
do  not  venture  to  change  it.  I  fear,  however,  that  the  German  philosopher  has 
been  as  much  at  a  loss  as  myself  to  give  any  meaning  to  it.  It  certainly  can¬ 
not  be  considered  as  a  ‘vox  euphonia,’  such  as  are  frequently  invented  by  those 
who  rejoice  in  a  limited  amount  of  classic  lore.  The  name  given  by  Dejean 
(Malachius  lividus')  is  certainly  infinitely  better. 

This  species  varies  in  the  color  of  the  thorax,  which  is  sometimes  entirely 
black  ;  usually  it  is  yellow  with  a  broad  black  vitta. 

12.  A.  granularis  Er.  Entom.  112. 

South  Carolina,  Dr.  Zimmerman. 

13.  A.  basalis,  niger,  glaber,  nitidus,  clypeo  pedibusque  flavis,  thorace 
subtilissime  punctulato,  basi,  flavo-marginato,  elytris  postice  latioribus,  vix 
rugosis.  Long.  06. 

One  specimen,  Colorado  Jliver,  California. 

14.  A.  melanopterus  Er.  Entom.  110. 

This  species  is  unknown  to  me. 


1852.] 


167 


Eb.eus  Er. 

1.  E.  m or  ulus,  niger  nitidus,  parce  pubescens,  thorace  subtransverso, 
lateribus  et  basi  rotundato,  elytris  impunctatis,  abdomine  brevioribus,  abdo¬ 
minis  segmentis  flavo-marginatis,  clypeo  pedibusque  anterioribus  testaceis. 
Long.  *12. 

One  specimen,  Missouri  Territory.  The  antennae  are  piceous,  with  the  infe¬ 
rior  margin  pale. 

2.  E.  apicalis  Er.  Entom.  119.  Malachius  apicialis  Say,  Journ.  Ac.  Nat. 
Sc.  5,  170. 

Southern  States,  very  abundant ;  the  elytra  of  the  female  are  entirely  black. 
It  is  the  Malachius  meUnopterus  of  Dejean’s  Catalogue. 

3.  E.  bicolor,  niger,  tenuiter  cinereo-pubescens,  capite,  thorace  antenna- 
rum  basi  pedibusque  flavis,  elytris  subtiliter  alutaceis.  Long.  -07. 

One  male-,  from  Georgia,  with  the  tip  of  the  elytra  yellow  and  hamate  as  in 
the  preceding  species,  from  which  it  differs  principally  by  its  yellow  head. 

4.  E.  pusillus,  Malachius  pusLllus  Say,  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  5,  170. 

Southern  States;  the  male  has  the  tip  of  the  elytra  yellow  and  hamate  ;  the 

female  resembles  very  much  Anthocomus  granularis  Er.,  but  is  distinguished  at 
once  by  its  bluish  color  and  densely  alutaceous  elytra. 

5.  E.  o  b  1  i  t  u  s  ,  niger,  vix  cyanescens,  tenuiter  cinereo-pubescens,  thorace 
convexo,  subtilissime  punctulato,  subtransverso,  lateribus  et  basi  rotundato, 
postice  subangustato,  elytris  convexis  subtilissime  punctatis,  antennarum  basi, 
pedibusque  flavis.  Long.  *07. 

Middle  and  Southern  States.  Differs  from  the  preceding  by  its  less  transverse 
more  convex,  and  finely  punctured  thorax;  the  male,  as  usual,  has  the  tip  of 
the  elytra  pale  colored  and  hamate  ;  in  the  female  the  elytra  are  much  dilated 
behind. 

6.  E.  submarginatus,  longiusculus,  seneo-niger,  tenuiter  pubescens, 
thorace  subtiliter  alutaceo  non  transverso,  versus  basin  angustato,  basi  refun- 
data  obsolete  rufescente,  elytris  vix  dilatatis  depressiusculis,  obsolete  rugosis, 
abdomine  brevioribus.  Long.  *06. 

One  specimen,  Colorado  River,  California.  The  antennae  and  tibiae  are  testa¬ 
ceous  at  base. 

7.  E.  minutus,  Malachius  minulus  Mel3.  Pr.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  2,  305. 

Pennsylvania.  Tbis  species  is  unknown  to  me.  It  is  described  as  being 

black,  with  the  feet  antepectus,  head  and  thorax  rufous,  the  latter  with  a 
dusky  vitta.  It  may  be  an  Anthocomus,  but  from  its  small  size,  the  reference 
to  this  genus  is  probably  correct. 

Acletus  Lee. 

Antennae  11-articulatae,  maris  pectinatae.  Clypeus  brevissimus,  indistinctus. 
Labrurn  parvum  transversum,  breve.  Palpi  maxillares  breves,  articulo  4to  apice 
acurainato.  Tarsi  antici  maris  articulo  1“°  inferno,  2ndo  obliquo. 

I  have  only  males  of  this  genus,  which  differ  from  Ebaeus  by  the  first  joint 
of  the  anterior  tarsi  being  inferior,  and  almost  indistinct;  the  tip  of  the  elytra 
is  not  impressed ;  the  ventral  segments  of  the  abdomen  are  entirely  corneons. 
The  iflsect  has  somewhat  the  appearance  of  Malthinus,  but  with  longer  elytra. 

1.  A.  nigrellus,  niger,  nitidus,  vix  pubescens,  thorace  valde  transverso, 
capite  vix  latiore,  angulis  omnibus  rotundatis,  posticis,  explanatis,  elytris  thorace 
paulo  latioribus,  subtilissime  vix  rugosis.  Long.  *11. 

Two  male  from  Eagle  Harbor,  Lake  Superior.  The  posterior  tibiae  are  slight¬ 
ly  bent  inwards,  and  the  joints  of  the  antennae  after  the  4th,  are  triangular, 
with  the  internal  angle  much  prolonged,  so  that  the  organs  become  tolerably 
strongly  pectinate. 


168 


Microlipus  Lee. 


[September, 


Antennae  11-articulatae,  elongatae,  subserratae.  Palpi  maxillares,  breves, 
crassi,  articulo  4to  conico.  Labrum  quadratum,  apice  subrotundatum.  Clypeus 
brevis,  coriaceus.  Tarsi  antici  articulis  4-subtus  breviter  lobatis. 

The  body  is  elongate  and  linear,  the  head  as  broad  as  the  thorax,  very  much 
narrowed  in  front  of  the  eyes,  which  are  prominent ;  the  tip  of  the  elytra  is 
simple  in  both  sexes ;  the  head  of  the  male  is  slightly  trifoveate ;  the  ventral 
segments  of  the  abdomen  are  entirely  corneous. 

1.  M.  la  ti  ceps,  elongatus,  aeneo-niger,  tenuissime  cinereo-pubescens 
clypeo  flavo,  thorace  vix  transverso,  angulis  rotundatis,  margine  tennui  flavo, 
elytris  vix  rugosis,  apice  rotundatis  anguste  flavis.  Long.  *13. 

San  Diego,  California  ;  the  palpi  and  antennae  are  black,  the  under  part  of 
the  three  basal  joints  of  the  latter  pale.  The  pale  margin  of  the  thorax  is  inter¬ 
rupted  at  the  apex  in  a  specimen  from  San  Francisco,  which  also  has  the  thorax 
a  little  narrowed  behind,  and  the  posterior  angles  less  rounded  than  in  the  San 
Diego  specimens.  It  may  perhaps  be  a  different  species,  but  a  greater  number 
of  specimens  will  be  wanted  to  determine  the  question. 

Atelestus  Er. 

1.  A.  basalis,  opacus,  sanguineus,  brevissime  pubescens,  capite  fusco, 
thorace  latitudine  longiore,  postice  angustato  basi  producto  et  emarginato, 
elytris  depressis,  thorace  loagioribus,  atris  basi  sanguineo-marginatis. 
Long.  ’12. 

San  Diego,  California,  under  sea  weeds.  The  red  of  the  base  of  the  elytra 
extends  on  the  outer  margin  almost  to  the  middle.  The  male  of  this  species, 
as  well  as  of  both  the  following,  has  the  2d  joint  of  the  anterior  tarsi  obliquely 
produced  above  (as  in  our  species  of  Anthocomus)  as  far  as  the  end  of  the  3rd 
joint,  which  is  also  elongated.  In  this  character  it  differs  remarkably  from 
Erichson’3  Atelestus  hemipterus,  the  male  of  which  has  the  first  joint  of  the 
anterior  tarsi  produced  obliquely  under  the  second.  According  to  Erichson’s 
principles  of  division,  our  species  should  form  a  separate  genus,  but  as  1  have 
been  able,  by  this  description,  to  find  no  difference  except  this  sexual  one,  I  do 
not  feel  justified  in  giving  a  new  generic  name  to  the  species  here  described. 

2.  A.  abdominalis,  sanguineus,  opacus,  brevissime  pubescens,  thorace 
latitudine  longiore,  postice  angustato,  basi  producto  vix  emarginato,  elytris 
depressis,  thorace  longioribus,  atris,  abdomine  toto  atro.  Long.  -12. 

San  Diego,  with  the  preceding ;  the  scutellum  is  red,  but  the  elytra  are 
immaculate. 

3  A.  collaris,  niger,  opacus,  brevissime  pubescens,  thorace  latitudine 
vix  breviore,  rotundato,  sanguineo  basi  medio  late  emarginato,  elytris  thorace 
brevioribus,  scabris.  Long.  *12. 

San  Francisco  ?  One  male  sent  by  Mr.  Pease.  In  the  two  preceding  species 
the  elytra  are  gradually  widened  from  the  base,  and  lie  together  at  the  suture 
for  the  greater  part  of  their  length.  In  this  species  they  are  not  widened  on 
the  sides,  and  commence  to  separate  immediately  behind  the  scutellum,  which 
is  black. 

Div.  2.  Dasytini. 

Dasytes  Fabr. 

Although  differing  much  in  the  form  of  the  body,  there  appears  to  be  no  natu¬ 
ral  mode  of  separating  the  following  species  into  genera;  the  two  last  species, 
which  are  the  only  ones  from  the  eastern  part  of  the  continent,  do  recede 
remarkably  from  the  others  in  the  absence  of  the  appendages  between  the  claws 
of  the  tarsi.  There  are  however  European  species  similar  to  them,  which  are 
retained  by  Redtenbacher,  in  the  genus  Dasytes.  We  have  not  in  North  Ame¬ 
rica  the  intermediate  forms  having  one  claw  simple  and  the  other  with  an 


1852.] 


169 


appendage.  The  following  scheme  may  aid  the  student  in  determining  the 
species,  which  in  the  western  part  of  the  continent  will  become  quite  nnmerous 
and  very  difficult. 

A.  Ungues  omnes  appendiculati. 

a.  Thorace  transverso,  marginibus  integris,  Sp.  1 — 8. 

b.  Thorace  elongato,  marginibus  integris,  Sp.  9. 

c.  Thorace  lateribus  serruiatis,  Sp.  10 — 17. 

B.  Ungues  non  appendiculati,  Sp.  18 — 19. 


A — a. 


1.  D.  fuse  us,  fusco-subaeoeus,  dense  fusco-pubescens,  obesus,  thorace 
longitudine  duplo  latiore,  lateribus  valde  rotundatis,  elytra  convexis,  subtilius 
sat  dense  punctulatis,  pedibus  rufo-piceis.  Long.  ’14. 

Yallecitas,  California,  May.  The  male  has  the  thorax  wider  than  the  elytra, 
which  are  a  little  narrowed  posteriorly. 

2.  D.  suturalis,  oblongus  nigro-aeneus,  subtiliter  cinereo-pubescens, 
deuse  nigro-pilosellus,  thorace  latitudine  paulo  breviore,  lateribus  paulo  rotun¬ 
datis,  angulis  posticis  obtusis,  elytri3  confertim  punctulatis  et  subrugosis, 
sutura  lateribusque  densius  cinereo  pubescentibus.  Long.  *13 — ’15. 

San  Diego,  California.  In  the  male  the  elytra  are  narrower  than  the  thorax, 
and  narrowed  posteriorly. 

3.  D.  conformis,  nigro-aeneus,  subtiliter  cinereo-pubescens,  dense  nigro- 
pilosellus,  oblongus,  thorace  latitudine  breviore,  lateribus  et  angulis  posticis 
valde  rotundatis,  elytris  confertim  punctulatis  et  subrugosis,  sutura  saepius 
densius  cinereo-pubescente.  Long.  *12- — 14. 

San  Diego.  Very  similar  to  the  last,  and  only  differing  in  the  form  of  the 
thorax;  the  male  has  the  elytra  slightly  narrowed  posteriorly. 

4.  D.  sordidus,  oblongus,  convexus,  aeneo-piceus,  longius  sordide 
pubescens,  et  nigro-pilosellus,  thorace  latitudine  breviore,  parce  subtiliter 
puntulato,  lateribus  rotundatis,  elytris  sat  dense  minus  subtiliter  punctatis. 
Long.  *14. 

S*n  Diego  abundant;  distinguished  by  the  equally  distributed  coarse  pubes¬ 
cence  and  longer  more  numerous  erect  black  hairs.  The  male  is  a  little  nar¬ 
rower  than  the  female. 


5.  D.  griseus,  oblongus,  convexus,  aeneo-piceus,  densius  longe  sordide 
pubescens,  non  pilosellus,  thorace  latitudine  breviore,  punctulato,  lateribus 
rotundatis,  elytris  sat  dense  grossius  punctatis,  pedibus  antennisque  rufis. 
Long.  *1. 

One  specimen,  California,  (San  Diego?).  The  joints  of  the  antennae  are  not 
transverse,  and  from  the  4th — 10th  are  equal  in  size.  The  preceding  species 
have  the  antennae  serrate  only  from  the  5  h  joint. 

6.  D.  brevicornis,  oblongo-cylindricus,  aeneo-piceus,  dense  subtiliter 
longe  cinereo-pubescens,  non  pilosellus,  thorace  latitudine  breviore,  punctulato, 
lateribus  valde  rotundatis,  elytris  sat  dense  grossius  punctatis,  pedibus  anten¬ 
nisque  rufis,  his  articulis  a  4*°  subtransversis.  Long.  *1. 

San  Diego.  A  little  narrower  than  D.  griseus,  and  with  more  rounded  thorax. 
The  antennae  are  shorter,  the  joints  from  the  4th  are  transverse,  and  the  7th  and 
8th  are  a  little  narrower  than  those  which  precede  them. 

7.  D.  squalidus,  oblongo-elongatus,  aeneo-piceus,  subtiliter  longe’cinereo- 
pubescens,  nigro-pilosellus,  thorace  transverso  parce  punctulato,  lateribus  paulo 
rotundatus,  angulis  posticis  obtusis,  elytris  sat  dense  grossius  pucctatis,  dorso 
leviter  depressis.  Long.  09. 

San  Diego,  two  specimens.  Resembles  most  nearly  D.  suturalis,  but  is 
smaller  ;  the  posterior  angles  of  the  thorax  are  less  distinct,  and  the  elytra  less 
finely  punctured.  As  in  D.  suturalis,  the  4th  joint  of  the  antennae  is  scarcely 
dilated. 


170 


[September, 


8.  D.  sen  e  seen  s,  subelongatis.  cylindricus,  nigro-pilosellus,  vix  subtilis- 
sime  cinereo-pubescens,  thorace  subtransverso,  parce  punctulato,  lateribus  et 
angulis  posticis  valde  rotundatis,  elytris  dorBO  subdepressis  sat  dense  grosse 
punctatis.  Long.  -10. 

San  Diego  ;  the  male  is  a  little  narrower  than  the  female. 


A— b. 


9.  D.  co  n  s  t  ric  tu  s  ,  elongatus,  a?neo-fuscus,  subtiliter  cinereo-pubescens, 
non  pilosellus,  thorace  latitudine  fere  longiore,  capite  vix  latiore  ante  medium 
angustato  et  paulo  constricto,  elytris  subtilliter  punctatis,  antennis  pedibusque 
rufis.  Long.  09. 

San  Diego,  rare.  The  sides  of  thorax  are  almost  straight,  and  parallel, 
with  the  exception  of  the  sinuosity  produced  by  the  anterior  constriction. 


A — c. 

10.  D.  canescens,'  subelongatus  subcylindricus,  aeneo-niger,  irregulariter 
longius  cinereo-pubescens,  thorace  transverso,  lateribus  valde  rotundatis,  serru- 
latis,  confertim  punctulato,  vittis  denudatis  notato,  elytris  sat  dense  punctatis 
maculis  denudatis  pluribus  ornatis.  Long.  *15. 

Mannerheim,  Bull.  Mosc.  1842,  248. 

San  Jose  and  San  Francisco,  very  abundant.  The  description  of  Mannerheim 
is  not  at  all  characteristic.  The  male  is  narrower  than  the  female  ;  the  inferior 
segment  of  the  abdomen  is  short,  and  articulates  with  an  anal  segment. 

11.  D.  r o  t  u  n  d  i  col  1  i  s  ,  elongatns,  subcylindricus,  aeneo-niger,  subirregu- 
lariter  cinereo-pubescens,  thorace  rotundato,  lateribus  serrulatis,  elytris  dorso 
subdepressis,  sat  dense  grossius  punctatis,  maculis  subdenudatis  vix  conspicuis 
notatis.  Long.  'll. 

San  Jose,  abundant ;  the  male  has  the  last  ventral  segment  deeply  excavated. 

12.  D.  difficilis,  elongatus,  subcylindricus,  aeneo-niger,  irregulariter 
cinereo-pubescens,  thorace  subtransverso,  antrorsum  angustato,  lateribus  serru¬ 
latis  valde  rotundatis,  sat  dense  punctato,  elytris  sat  dense  punctatis,  maculis 
indistinctis  subdenutatis  notatis.  Long.  *11. 

San  Jose.  Very  similar  to  D.  canescens,  but  the  thorax  is  less  transverse, 
and  less  thickly  punctured  ;  the  spots  on  the  elytra  are  less  distinct ;  they  form 
three  transverse  bands  and  a  mark  at  the  base.  The  male  has  the  last  ventral 
segment  small  and  canaliculate ;  it  articulates  with  an  anal  segment. 

13.  D.  s  e  n  i  1  i  s  ,  elongatus,  dense  cinereo-pubescens,  seneo-piceus,  thorace 
opaco  punctulato,  subquadrato,  antrorsum  subangustato,  lateribus  serrulatis  vix 
rotundatis,  elytris  confertim  subtilius  punctatis.  Long.  -13. 

Fort  Laramie,  Nebraska  Territory. 

14.  D.  obscurellus,  subelongatus,  niger  vix  aenescens,  subtilissime  vix 
conspicue  cinereo-pubescens,  capite  thoraceque  alutaceis,  parce  punctatis,  hoc 
rotundato,  serrulato,  convexo,  elytris  thorace  latioribus,  dorso  vix  depressis,  sat 
dense  grossius  punctatis.  Lon.  -09. 

San  Diego,  one  specimen.  Resembles  in  form  D.  rotundicollis,  but  is  smaller, 
and  with  the  pubescens  scarcely  visible. 

15.  D.  1  u  t  ei  p  e  s  ,  seneus,  elongatus,  subcylindricus,  longe  inaequaliter 
cinereo-pubescens,  thorace  non  transverso,  coDvexo  punctato,  lateribus  serrulatis 
rotundatis,  antrorsum  subangustato,  elytris  grossius  distincte  punctatis,  dorso 
non  depressis,  maculis  subdenudatis  atris  notatis,  antennarum  basi  pedibusque 
rufo-flavis.  Long.  *1. 

One  specimen,  San  Diego. 

16.  D.  pusillus,  aeneo-niger,  oblongo-elongatus,  parcius  longe  cinereo- 
pubescens,  thorace  opaco,  confertissime  ruguloso,  transverso,  lateribus  eubser- 


1852.] 


171 


rulatis  rotundatis,  eljtris  dorso  convexis  sat  dense  punctatis  antennarum  basi 
pedibusque  rufis.  Long.  *07. 

One  specimen,  San  Diego. 

17.  D.  erythropus,  niger,  vix  seneus,  oblongo-elongatis,  parcius  cinereo- 
pubescens,  thorace  opaco,  confertissime  ruguloso,  latitudine  fere  duplo  breviore, 
lateribus  vix  serrulatis  rotundatis,  elytris  dorso  subdepressis,  subtilius  punctatis, 
antennarum  basi  pedibusque  rufis.  Long.  09 

New  Mexico  ;  brought  also  from  the  boundary  of  Mexico,  by  Col.  Graham. 
This  species  is  extremely  similar  to  D.  pusillus  ;  the  color  is  however  less 
bronzed,  the  elytra  are  less  convex  and  less  coarsely  punctured.  The  male  has 
the  last  ventral  segment  slightly  foveate  and  emarginate ;  the  anal  segment 
broad  and  short. 

B. 

'  18.  D.  basal  is,  oblongo-elongatus,  ater  vix  pubescens,  capite  thoraceque 
opacis  valde  punctatis,  hoc  transverso,  lateribus  subrotundatis  marginatis 
serratis,  elytris  cribratim  punctatis,  valde  marginatis,  basi  maculaque  ante 
apicem  rufis.  Long.  -13. 

Georgia,  very  rare,  I  have  adopted  the  name  under  which  this  species  appears 
in  Dejean’s  Catalogue. 

19.  D.  cribratus,  seneo-niger  subtilissime  parce  pubescens,  oblongo- 
elongatus,  capite  thoraceque  valde  punctatis  hoc  transverso,  lateribus  subrotun¬ 
datis  marginatis  serratis,  elytris  valde  marginatis  cribratim  punctatis. 
Long.  *10. 

South  Carolina  and  Pennsylvania,  Dr.  Zimmerman. 

I  have  not  been  able  to  identify  the  two  following  California  species  : 

D.  laticollis  Mannerheira,  Bull.  Mosc.  1843,  247. 

D.  parvicollis  Mannerheim,  ibid,  248. 


Dr.  Fisher  offered  his  resignation  as  a  member  of  the  Committee  on 
the  proposed  enlargement  of  the  Hall  of  the  Academy,  which  was  ac¬ 
cepted,  and  on  motion  Dr.  Zantzinger  was  appointed  to  fill  the  vacancy. 

ELECTIONS. 

Dr.  Francis  V.  Greene,  Mr.  R.  E.  Griffith,  Prof.  James  C.  Booth, 
and  Dr.  Mark  W-  Collet,  all  of  this  city,  were  elected  Members  of  the 
Academy, 

And  Thomas  Antisell,  M.  D.,  of  New  York,  M.  H.  Perlcy,  Esq.,  of 
St.  Johns,  N.  B.,  and  the  Bight  Rev.  Alonzo  Potter,  D.  D.,  of  Penn¬ 
sylvania,  were  elected  Correspondents, 


October  6  th. 

Vice  President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

Dr.  Leidy  presented  a  paper  from  Prof.  S.  F.  Baird  and  Mr.  Charles 
Girard,  intended  for  publication  in  the  Proceedings,  entitled  “  Descrip¬ 
tions  of  new  species  of  Reptiles,  collected  by  the  U.  S.  Exploring  Ex¬ 
pedition,  Captain  Wilkes:  Part  I.,  including  the  species  from  the  West 
coast  of  America.”  Referred  to  Dr.  Hallowell,  Dr.  LeConte  and  Dr. 
Leidy. 


27 


172 


[October, 


October  12  th. 

Major  John  Le  Conte  in  the  Chair. 

Letters  were  read 

From  Dr.  Martyn  Paine,  dated  New  York,  Oct.  5th,  1852,  present¬ 
ing  the  works  announced  this  evening. 

From  the  Librarian  of  the  Manchester  (England)  Free  Library  and 
Museum,  dated  Sept.  6,  1852,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  copies  of 
the  late  “  Notice  of  the  Academy  by  Dr.  Ruschenberger.” 

From  the  Secretary  of  the  Leeds  Philosophical  and  Literary  Society, 
dated  Sept.  6,  containing  a  similar  acknowledgment. 


October  19  th. 

Major  John  Le  Conte  in  the  Chair. 

Letters  were  read 

From  the  Secretary  of  the  Trustees  of  the  New  York  State  Library, 
acknowledging  the  receipt  of  No.  5,  Yol.  6,  of  the  Proceedings. 

From  the  Secretary  of  the  Theological  Society,  of  London,  dated 
Oct.  17th,  1852,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  the  Proceedings  and 
Journal  of  the  Academy. 

From  the  Secretary  of  the  “Naturwissenschaftliche  Yerein  in  Ham¬ 
burg, ’’  dated  May  28th,  1852,  transmitting  the  volumes  announced 
this  evening,  and  requesting  an  exchange  of  publications. 

From  M.  Lacordaire,  Secretary  of  the  Societe  Royale  des  Sci.  de 
Liege,”  dated  9th  July,  1852,  transmitting  the  memoirs  of  that  Society, 
and  also  requesting  an  exchange  of  publications. 

From  Dr.  T.  I.  Kirkbride,  Superintendent  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hos¬ 
pital  for  the  Insane,  dated  Oct.  15,  1852,  requesting  the  loan  or  gift 
of  duplicate  objects  of  Natural  History  for  the  Museum  of  that  Insti¬ 
tution.  Referred  to  the  Curators  with  power  to  act. 

Dr.  Ilallowell  presented  a  paper  designed  for  publication  in  the  Pro¬ 
ceedings,  describing  some  new  Reptiles  inhabiting  North  America. 
Referred  to  Dr.  Leidy,  Dr.  Le  Conte  and  Dr.  Woodhouse. 

Dr.  Hallowell  presented  a  second  paper,  also  for  publication,  entitled, 
“  Descriptions  of  new  species  of  Reptiles  from  Oregon  Territory.” 
Referred  to  the  same  Committee. 

Mr.  Cassin  presented  a  “  Catalogue  of  the  Halcyonidse  in  the  Col¬ 
lection  of  the  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Philadelphia,”  which  being  intended  for 
publication  in  the  Proceedings,  was  referred  to  the  following  Committee  : 
Dr.  Wilson,  Dr.  Bridges  and  Dr.  Woodhouse. 

Mr.  Cassin  presented  another  paper  intended  for  publication,  de¬ 
scribing  new  species  of  Birds,  specimens  of  which  are  in  the  Collec¬ 
tion  of  the  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  of  Philadelphia.  Referred  to  same  Com¬ 
mittee. 


1852.] 


173 


October  2 6$. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

The  Committee  to  which  was  referred  the  following  papers  by  Prof. 
Baird  and  Mr.  Charles  Girard,  reported  in  favor  of  publication  in  the 
Proceedings : 

Characteristics  of  some  new  Reptiles  in  the  Museum  of  the  Smithsonian  Insti¬ 
tution. 

By  Spencer  F.  Baird  and  Charles  Girard. 

Third  part.  Containing  the  Batrachians  in  the  collection  made  by  J.  H. 

Clark,  Esq.,  under  Col.  J.  D.  Graham,  on  the  United  States  and  Mexican 

Boundary. 

Amblystoma  proserpine,  B.  and  G.  Head  oval,  longer  than  broad.  Limbs 
and  toes  well  developed.  Posterior  legs  a  little  shorter  than  the  anterior  ones. 
Tail  somewhat  compressed,  tapering;  shorter  than  the  body  and  head  together. 
Five  inches  in  length  from  the  end  of  the  mouth  to  the  tip  of  the  tail :  head  one- 
eighth  of  this  length.  Body  nearly  cylindrical,  more  so  in  the  male  than  in  the 
female. 

This  Bpecies  is  related  to  A.  mavortium ,  which  it  resembles  in  coloring,  but 
it  differs  from  the  latter  in  having  a  proportionally  longer  head,  and  longer  limbs 
and  toes.  The  tail,  however,  is  shorter. 

Six  immature  specimens  were  obtained  at  Salado,  four  miles  from  San  Antonio, 
Texas.  Specimens  nearly  full  grown  were  collected  by  R.  H.  Kern,  Esq.,  of 
Philadelphia,  on  the  route  from  Montgomery,  Mexico. 

Rana  areolata,  B.  and  G.  Head  very  large,  sub-elliptical ;  snout  prominent, 
nostrils  situated  half  way  between  its  tips  and  the  anterior  rim  of  the  eyes,  which 
are  proportionally  large.  The  tympanum  is  spherical,  and  of  medium  size  ;  its 
central  portion  is  yellowish-white,  whilst  its  periphery  is  black.  The  body  is 
rather  short  and  stout ;  the  limbs  well  developed  ;  the  fingers  and  toes  very 
long  without  being  slender.  The  ground  color  of  the  body  and  head  is  yellowish- 
green,  marked  with  dark  brown.  Besides  there  are  from  thirty  to  fifty  brown 
areolae,  margined  with  a  yellowish  line.  The  upper  part  of  the  limbs  is  of  the 
same  color  as  the  body,  but  instead  of  areolae,  transverse  bands  of  brown  are 
seen  on  the  hind  ones.  The  lower  part  of  the  head  and  body  is  yellowish,  with 
small  dusky  spots  along  the  margin  of  the  lower  jaw,  and  under  the  neck. 

A  specimen  three  inches  and  a  half  long  was  found  at  Indianola,  and  a  small 
one  on  the  Rio  San  Pedro  of  the  Gila. 

Bufo  punctatus,  B.  and  G.  Head  short,  sub-triangular  ;  upper  surface  even. 
Two  inches  in  total  length.  Body  and  upper  portion  of  the  limbs  covered  with 
minute  red  tubercles.  Color  of  a  uniform  yellowish-green  or  yellowish-browD, 
punctured  with  red  on  the  head,  on  the  upper  part  of  the  body  and  limbs.  Be¬ 
neath  yellowish,  with  occasional  minute  dots  under  the  head  and  on  the  breast. 
Caught  on  the  Rio  San  Pedro  of  the  Rio  Grande  Del  Norte. 

Bufo  granulosus,  B.  and  G.  This  species  i3  closely  related  to  the  preceding, 
from  which  it  can  be  distinguished  by  a  larger  and  more  triangular  head,  whose 
upper  surface  presents  a  widely  open  groove,  extending  from  the  occiput  to  the 
snout,  where  it  terminates  in  a  very  narrow  channel.  The  upper  periphery  of 
the  orbits  is  thus  surrounded  with  a  carina  which  extends  from  the  eyes  to  the 
nostrils  below.  The  body  is  covered  with  very  conspicuous  tubercles.  The 
limbs  are  rather  slender.  The  ground  color  is  brown,  maculated  or  marbled 
above  with  black  patches  and  dots.  Unicolor  beneath. 

One  specimen  was  collected  on  the  route  between  Indianola  and  San  Antonio, 
Texas. 


174 


[October, 


Descriptions  of  new  species  of  Reptiles ,  collected  by  the  U.  S.  Exploring  Expedi¬ 
tion  under  the  command  of  Capt.  Charles  Wilkes,  U.  S.  N. 

First  part. — Including  the  species  from  the  Western  coast  of  America. 

By  Spencer  F.  Baird  and  Charles  Girard. 

Amblystoma  tenebrosum,  B.  and  G.  The  single  specimen  of  this  species 
brought  home  by  the  Expedition  is  five  inches  and  a  half  in  length,  of  which 
the  tapering  and  most  compressed  tail  occupies  two  and  a  quarter.  The  head 
is  subelliptical,  and  longer  than  broad.  The  limbs  are  proportionally  stout;  the 
third  finger  is  the  longest.  The  color  (as  preserved  in  alcohol)  is  uniformly 
chesnut  brown,  marbled  with  a  much  deeper  (nearly  black)  brown. 

This  species  is  related  to  A.  macrodactylum,  Baird,  but  differs  from  it  in  the 
structure  of  the  hind  feet,  in  which  the  fourth  finger  is  the  longest;  also  in  the 
vomerine  band  of  teeth,  which,  in  A.  macrodactylum  form9  a  curve  convex  for¬ 
wards,  on  the  middle  region  of  the  palate,  while  in  A.  tenebrosum ,  the  convexity 
of  the  same  curve  is  directed  backwards. 

From  Oregon. 

Rana  aurora,  B.  and  G.  The  general  aspect  of  this  species  differs  greatly 
from  that  of  all  its  congeners  in  North  America.  The  length  of  the  body  and 
head  together  is  three  inches  and  a  half,  the  head  forming  nearly  one  third  of 
this  length.  The  head  itselfis  pyramidal,  pointed,  the  nostrils  situated  midway 
between  the  anterior  rim  of  the  eye  and  the  tip  of  the  snout.  Eyes  of  medium 
size,  anterior  limbs  short;  fingers  ratfier  long  and  slender.  The  body  is  orange 
red,  with  here  and  there  black  irregular  patches. 

From  Puget  Sound. 

Rana  Draytonii,  B.  and  G.  This  species  resembles*  very  much  the  preceding 
in  its  external  appearance.  It  differs,  however,  in  having  a  truncated  snout,  the 
nostrils  consequently  nearer  to  its  tip  than  to  the  eyes.  The  eyes  themselves 
and  tympanum  are  proportionally  larger  than  in  R.  auroray  the  limbs  more  de¬ 
veloped  and  the  tongue  much  narrower.  The  ground  color  is  olivaceous  green, 
maculated  with  black  on  the  upper  region  of  the  body  and  limbs,  whilst  under¬ 
neath  the  hue  is  unicolor,  except  sometimes  under  the  head,  breast  and  hind 
legs,  where  the  brown  and  white  mingle  in  circular  dots. 

Specimens  were  collected  at  San  Francisco,  California,  and  on  Columbia  River 
by  Mr.  Drayton  himself,  to  whom  we  take  pleasure  in  dedicating  this  species. 

Hyla  resilla,  B.  and  G.  This  is  a  species  of  medium  size;  the  largest  indi¬ 
vidual  observed  measuring  one  inch  and  a  half  from  the  nose  to  the  posterior 
extremity  of  the  body,  the  head  itself  occupying  about  half  of  this  length.  The 
hind  legs  are  long  and  slender,  the  web  extending  only  to  half  the  length  of  the 
longest  toe;  fingers  comparatively  long.  The  general  color  is  green  above, 
turning  to  orange  yellow  along  the  sides  of  the  bead,  abdomen  and  legs.  Two 
oblong,  brownish  black  spots  exist  on  the  occiput,  from  which  two  vittae  (one 
pair)  of  the  same  black  color  extend  along  the  dorsal  region;  a  similar  band 
passes  from  the  tip  of  the  nose,  across  the  eye  and  tympanum,  and  along  the 
abdomen,  when  it  is  interrupted  and  forms  a  series  of  black  and  irregular  small 
spots.  In  the  immature  state,  green  is  the  prevailing  color;  a  few  black  spots 
being  present  along  the  whitish  abdomen. 

Specimens  of  this  species  were  collected  on  Sacramento  River,  in  Oregon  and 
Puget  Souud.  Drawings  from  life  were  made  on  the  spot  by  Mr.  Drayton. 

Bufo  boreas,  B.  and  G.  Upper  surface  of  head  flat,  nearly  even,  the  orbits 
alone  being  raised  above  it.  Snout  truncated.  Parotids  of  medium  size  and 
oblong.  Tympanum  comparatively  small.  Body  tuberculous  or  warty.  Hind 
feet  webbed  to  nearly  the  tip  of  the  toes.  The  color  is  brownish  green  above, 
dirty  white  helow,  with  blackish  brown  patches  spread  all  over.  There  is  a 
dorsal,  narrow  and  yellowish  st  ripe,  extending  posteriorly  from  behind  the  eyes 
along  the  whole  length  of  the  body. 


175 


1852.] 

Specimens  were  obtained  on  Columbia  River  and  Puget  Sound.  The  body  of 
the  largest  one  measures  a  little  over  four  inches. 

Sceloporus  gracilis,  B.  and  G.  A  pretty  little  species,  calling  to  mind  Sc. 
graciosus  described  and  figured  in  Stausbury’s  Report  on  the  great  Salt  Lake  of 
Utah.  It  is  slenderer,  however,  and  possesses  more  elongated  limbs  and  tail. 
The  fingers  and  toes  are  likewise  very  slender.  The  head  is  gently  conical  in 
front;  the  plates  which  cover  its  upper  surface  resemble  somewhat  those  in  Sc. 
graciosus ,  although  presenting  good  specific  differences  as  will  be  shown  by  the 
figures.  The  scales  are  proportionally  small  and  slightly  carinated  ;  larger  on 
the  tail.  There  are  from  twelve  to  fourteen  distinct  femoral  pores  right  and 
left. 

Above,  the  color  is  brown  with  a  lateral  and  narrow  yellowish  stripe  extend¬ 
ing  on  either  side  from  the  eye  to  the  tail,  and  margined  by  a  series  of  elongated 
black  dashes.  On  the  sides  of  the  body  there  is  a  double  series  of  black  cres¬ 
cents,  convex  backwards.  The  inferior  part  of  the  body  is  light  and  unicolor  in 
the  female,  whilst  the  male  is  provided  on  the  sides  of  the  abdomen  with  a  deep 
blue  elongated  area. 

Inhabits  Oregon. 

Sceloporus  occidentalis,  B.  and  G.  This  species  has  the  general  appearance 
and  shape  of  Sc.  undulatus ,  from  which  we  distinguish  it  by  marked  differences 
in  the  cephalic  plates.  The  dorsal  scales  are  more  strongly  carinated  and  their 
posterior  point  more  acute,  thus  giving  to  the  animal  a  rougher  aspect.  The 
posterior  margin  of  the  scales  on  the  lower  surface  of  the  head  and  sides  is  on 
the  other  hand  much  less  indented,  especially  in  advance  of  the  hind  legs. 

Inhabits  California,  and  probably  Oregon,  although  less  numerous  in  the 
latter  country  where  it  is  replaced  by  Sc.  gracilis  and  the  following  species. 

Sceloporus  frontalis,  B.  and  G.  The  most  striking  character  of  this  species 
consists  in  the  rounded  shape  of  the  snout,  a  feature  attracting  immediate  notice. 

The  occipital,  vertical  and  frontal  plates  resemble  more  those  in  Sc.  undulatus , 
than  in  Sc.  occidentals,  but  the  arrangement  of  the  supraciliaries  is  more  like 
that  in  Sc.  occidentalis  than  iu  Sc.  undulatus.  The  scales  are  slightly  carinated  ; 
hence  a  general  smooth  appearance  which  contrasts  somewhat  strikingly  with 
that  of  Sc.  occidentalis.  The  dorsal  scales  are  nearly  of  the  same  size  as  in  Sc. 
occidentalis ,  but  at  the  origin  of  the  tail  are  sensibly  larger.  The  tail  of  the 
unique  specimen  before  us,  is  broken  off  at  about  an  inch  from  the  vent. 

Caught  in  going  up  Puget  Sound. 

Elgaria  prixcipis,  B.  and  G.  Twelve  longitudinal  rows  of  smooth  abdominal 
scales,  trapezoidal  on  the  belly.  Fourteen  similar  rows  of  carinated  scales  on 
the  upper  part  of  the  body,  forming  forty-five  transversal  series  from  immedi¬ 
ately  behind  the  meatus  to  the  origin  of  the  tail.  On  the  tail  itself  the  scales  are 
the  largest,  smooth  underneath  and  slightly  carinated  above.  The  body  and 
limbs  are  of  slender  appearance.  The  species  appears  not  to  attain  a  very  large 
size  ;  the  largest  individual  seen  measures  about  nine  inches  from  the  nose  to 
the  tip  of  the  tail. 

Of  the  cephalic  plates  the  vertical  one  is  the  most  prominent;  the  shape  of 
the  frontal  plates  readily  distinguishes  this  species  from  E.  scincicauda. 

Color  uniform  olivaceous  brown  above  and  below  ;  three  series  (either  double 
or  single)  of  black  spots  all  along  the  upper  region  from  the  head  to  the  tail. 

From  Oregon  and  Puget  Sound. 

Edgaria  Formosa,  B.  and  G.  Sixteen  longitudinal  rows  of  strongly  carinated 
scales  on  the  upper  part  of  the  body,  forming  about  fifty  transversal  series  from 
the  meatus  to  the  origin  of  the  tail.  Abdominal  scales  twelve  rowed.  Tail 
very  long,  conical,  and  tapering.  Color  yellowish  green,  with  numerous  irregu¬ 
lar,  narrow,  transverse  bands  of  brownish  black  tipped  posteriorly  with  white. 

This  species  resembles  Gerrhonotus  multicarinatus  of  Blainville,  (. Elgaria 
multicarinala)  in  the  slender  appearance  of  its  body  and  limb3;  the  latter  how- 


176  [October, 

ever  assume  still  more  this  character  in  E.  multicar inata,  the  scales  of  which 
are  considerably  larger  than  the  species  here  described. 

From  California. 

Elgaria  grandis,  B.  and  6.  Fourteen  longitudinal  rows  of  carinated  scales 
on  the  upper  part  of  the  body;  the  carina  on  the  sides  is  but  slightly  apparent. 
Fifty  transversal  series  from  the  meatus  to  tqe  origin  of  the  tail.  Tail  itself 
one  and  a  half  times  as  large  as  the  body,  conidal  and  tapering.  Twelve  rows 
of  abdominal  scales,  subquandrangular  in  shape.  Color  olivaceous  brown,  with 
irregular,  transverse  and  narrow  bands  of  brownish  black  tipped  posteriorly 
with  white. 

This  species  is  intimately  related  to  the  preceding,  from  which  it  differs  in  the 
structure  of  the  fronto-nasal  plates  and  the  shape  of  the  scales  generally.  The 
limbs  are  also  shorter. 

Inhabits  Oregon. 

Tropidonotus  ordinoides,  B.  and  G.  Is  distinguished  from  T.  inftrnalis , 
( Coluber  infernalis ,  Bl.),  to  which  it  bears  the  closest  resemblance,  by  a 
smaller  and  more  slender  head  and  likewise  a  smaller  eye.  There  are  two  an¬ 
terior  orbitals,  whilst  T.  infernalis  has  but  one.  The  scales  constituting  the 
lateral  row  on  either  side  of  the  abdomen  are  larger  and  not  keeled.  The  scales 
on  the  upper  part  of  the  tail  are  likewise  smooth.  The  general  color  is  yellow¬ 
ish  green  with  a  dorsal  yellow  line  ;  sometimes  also  there  exists  a  lateral  band 
of  yellowish  or  whitish  yellow,  between  which  and  the  dorsal  line,  are  two  lon¬ 
gitudinal  rows  of  polymorphic  black  spots  recalling  to  mind  T.  ordinatus. 

From  Puget  Sound. 

WENONA  (Nov.  gen.)  Head  conical,  rather  small  and  continuous  with  the 
body.  Vertical  plate  about  as  broad  as  it  is  long ;  between  it  and  the  rostral 
plate  are  two  or  three  pairs  of  frontals.  Occipitals  and  supraorbitals  rather 
small  and  nearly  of  equal  size.  Eyes  very  small,  no  loral  plate;  one  anterior 
orbital,  large  ;  the  post  orbitals  are  not  to  be  distinguished  from  the  temporal 
scales.  Body  cylindrical,  covered  with  small  lozenge-shaped  and  smooth  scales. 
Abdominal  shields  narrow,  one  rowed  under  the  tail  behind  the  vent,  as  well  as 
on  the  abdomen.  Tail  very  short,  slightly  tapering  towards  the  tip. 

This  genus  is  related  to  Tortrix,  and  will  probably  include  the  T.  Bottoe  of 
Blainville. 

Wenona  Isabella,  B.  and  G.  Vertical  plates  broader  than  long.  Two  pairs 
of  frontal  ones.  A  small  plate  between  the  post-frontal  pair  and  the  vertical. 
Length  about  sixteen  inches,  of  which  about  two  belong  to  the 'tail.  Of  a  uni¬ 
form  deep  isabel  color,  lighter  on  the  belly. 

From  Puget  Sound. 

Wenona  plumbea,  B.  and  G.  Vertical  plate  broader  than  long.  Three  pairs 
of  frontal  plates;  the  anterior  pair  extending  on  the  side  of  the  snout  in  advance 
of  the  nostrils  as  in  the  preceding  species.  The  second  pair  extends  likewise 
down  and  occupies  the  place  of  the  loral,  which  may  sometimes  appear  as  an 
independent  plate.  Lower  jaw  much  shorter  than  the  upper  one.  A  double 
row  of  plates  along  the  upper  jaw  ;  length  about  eighteen  inches.  The  tail  two 
and  a  half  inches  and  slightly  tapering.  Shield  under  the  tail  narrower  and 
more  elongated  than  in  the  preceding  species.  Of  a  uniform  bluish  lead  color 
above,  whitish  beneath. 

From  Puget  Sound. 

Calamaria  tenuis,  B.  and  G.  General  form  slender;  about  eight  inches  in 
length  from  the  tip  of  the  snout  to  the  end  of  the  tail.  Head  somewhat  detached 
from  the  body.  Tail  short  and  conical,  one  inch  and  a  quarter  in  length.  Occi¬ 
pital  plates  elongated,  elliptical  in  form  ;  vertical  one  subpentagonal.  Two  pairs 
of  frontals,  an  odd  and  elliptical  small  plate  in  advance  of  the  vertical,  between 
the  posterior  frontals.  Eyes  proportionally  large.  Scales  smooth  and  subellip- 
tical  in  form.  Color  of  a  uniform  brown,  lighter  beneath. 

From  Puget  Sound. 


177 


1852.] 

Crotalus  lucifer,  B.  and  G.  Head  subcircular  or  elliptical,  nearly  on©  inch 
and  a  quarter  in  length,  covered  on  the  vertex  with  very  small  and  polygonal 
scales,  elliptical  and  slightly  carinated  on  the  occipital  region.  One  large  supra 
orbital  scutella  obliquely  striated.  Eyes  proportionally  small,  ten  large  anterior 
orbital  plates  ;  the  upper  one,  which  is  the  longest,  is  polygonal,  whilst  the  lower 
one  is  triangular.  The  rostral  plate  is  rather  small,  pointed  above,  higher  than 
broad  and  pentagonal  in  form.  The  general  color  is  reddish  brown  above, 
deeper  along  the  dorsal  line  than  on  the  sides,  yellowish  beneath.  For  two- 
thirds  of  the  length  there  exists  on  the  back  a  series  of  subcircular  white  rings 
lined  internally  with  a  narrow,  black  line.  There  are  on  the  sides  a  series  of 
irregular  blotches  which  extend  to  the  belly.  The  posterior  third  of  the  body 
is  alternately  semi-annulated  above  with  black  and  yellow,  the  yellow,  however, 
being  much  narrower  than  the  black. 

From  Oregon  and  California. 

Emys  marmorata,  B.  and  G.  The  shape  of  the  shell  seen  from  above  is  regu¬ 
larly  elliptical,  slightly  concave  anteriorly,  with  a  small  notch  behind.  It  is 
rather  depressed  and  provided  with  a  slight  dorsal  keel.  Ventral  shield  rounded 
in  front,  openly  concave  behind.  The  tail  is  very  slender  and  tapering.  The 
posterior  nails  are  stouter  than  the  anterior  ones  and  very  much  arched.  The 
color  is  yellowish  brown  marbled  with  black. 

The  largest  specimen  under  examination  measures  four  inches  in  length  from 
the  tip  of  the  snout  to  the  end  of  the  tail ;  the  shell  itself  being  only  two  inches 
and  three-eighths  in  length  and  a  little  over  two  inches  in  width. 

From  Puget  Sound. 


The  Committee  on  Dr.  Hallowell’s  descriptions  of  new  Reptiles,  re¬ 
ported  in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings. 

Descriptidns  of  neio  Species  of  Reptiles  inhabiting  North  America . 

By  Edward  Hallowell,  M.  D. 

Tropidonotus  rhombifer. 

Sp.  Char.  Head  elongated,  depressed,  slightly  swollen  at  the  temples  ;  a 
series  of  dark  colored  rhomboid  spots  upon  the  back,  presenting  the  form  of 
triangles,  their  apices  posteriorly  and  anteriorly  touching  each  other;  a  row  of 
dark  colored  transverse  bars  upon  the  sides,  uniting  with  the  lateral  inferior 
extremities  of  the  rhomboid  spots  upon  the  back  ;  a  series  of  dark  colored  bands 
upon  the  tail ;  abdomen  and  under  part  of  tail  more  or  less  maculated  ;  scuta 
very  strongly  carinated:  25  rows  of  carinated  scales;  abdominal  scuta  142; 
sub-caudal  70. 

Dimensions.  Length  of  head  1|  inches  (Fr.)  ;  greatest  breadth  posteriorly 
10  lines;  length  of  body  2  ft.  ;  of  tail  6£  inches  ;  total  length  2  ft.  8  inches. 

Habitat.  Arkansas  river  and  its  tributaries,  near  the  northern  boundary  of 
the  Creek  Nation  ;  found  abundantly  on  the  borders  of  streams.  Dr.  Wood- 
house  observed  one  with  many  young  on  one  of  the  sand  banks  of  the  Arkansas 
river. 

Tropidonotus  transversus. 

Sp.  Char.  Head  large,  swollen  at  the  temples,  convex  posteriorly,  flattened 
between  the  orbits,  depressed  in  front ;  a  series  of  subquadrate  dark  colored 
blotches,  thirty-six  or  thirty-seven  in  number,  along  the  back ;  a  transverse 
row  of  oblong  bars  along  the  sides,  their  upper  margins  alternating  with  the 
inferior  margins  of  the  dorsal  blotches ;  scales  strongly  carinated,  23  rows ; 
abdominal  scuta  144;  sub-caudal  78. 

Dimensions.  Length  of  head  12  lines;  greatest  breadth  7;  length  of  body 
1  ft.  (Fr.)  5  inches  7  lines  ;  length  of  tail  6  inches;  total  length  2  ft. 

Habitat.  Creek  boundary,  found  near  the  banks  of  the  Arkansas  and  its  tri¬ 
butaries. 


178 


[October, 


Remarks.  In  Tropidinotus  taxis  pilotus  the  bars  upon  the  back  are  much  wider 
apart  than  in  the  above  species,  and  it  has  but  two  posterior  ocular  plates  ;  the 
arrangement  of  the  temporal  plates  is  also  different ;  the  frontal  plate  is  much 
larger,  and  it  has  thirty-one  rows  of  scales.  Tropidonotus  taxis  pilotus  is  remark¬ 
able  for  its  great  size,  being  perhaps  larger  than  any  of  our  known  water  serpents  ; 
transversus  is  a  much  smaller  animal.  The  markings  upon  the  back  and  sides 
correspond  in  some  degree  with  Say’s  description  of  Coluber  calligaster,  but 
the  scales  in  C.  calligaster  are  smooth.  The  latter  animal  is  most  probably  the 
one  well  know  as  Col.  eximius. 

Phrynosoma  planiceps. 

Sp.  Char.  Head  more  compressed,  longer  and  broader  than  in  P.  cornutum  ; 
nostrils  within  the  supraciliary  ridge;  upper  jaw  bordered  posteriorly  by  a  row 
of  pointed  spines  ;  central  spine  of  the  crown  separated  from  the  two  adjacent 
spines  by  a  wide  interval ;  front  part  of  head  furrowed  in  the  centre  ;  scales  of 
chin  of  nearly  equal  size  ;  abdominal  scales  smooth  or  indistinctly  carinated  ; 
tail  longer  than  in  cornutum,  and  less  suddenly  tapering  to  a  point;  ground 
color  of  animal  light  yellow  or  ash  color  ;  (brown  mingled  with  yellow  in 
cornutum.) 

Dimensions.  Length  of  head  9  lines ;  greatest  vertical  measurement  7  lines  j 
breadth  posteriorly,  including  spines,  1  inch  2  lines ;  length  of  body  to  vent 
3  inches  ;  length  of  tail  1  inch  7  lines;  length  of  humerus  7  lines  ;  of  fore  arm 
6J  ;  of  hand  to  extremity  of  longest  finger,  including  nail,  7J  lines;  length  of 
thigh  9  lines  ;  of  tibia  9  lines  ;  of  foot  to  extremity  of  longest  toe  nail  9£  lines  ; 
total  length  5  inches  4  lines. 

Habitat.  Western  Texas,  near  the  Rio  Grande. 

SCELOPORUS  MARMORATUS. 

Sp.  Char.  Four  plates  behind  the  rostral  and  between  the  nostrils,  the  two 
first  more  or  less  linear  ;  six  plates  upon  the  frontal  region  ;  behind  these,  five 
plates  surrounding  one  which  is  pentagonal;  posterior  to  these,  midway  between 
the  supraciliary  ridges,  a  single  large  hexagonal  plate  (intraorbital ;)  snout 
rather  pointed,  more  narrow  than  in  delicatissimus ;  body  slender ;  scales  bi- 
punctate  posteriorly. 

Dimensions.  Length  of  head  6J  lines  ;  greatest  breadth  4  lines  ;  length  of 
neck  and  body  to  vent  1  inch  5  lines  ;  length  of  tail  2  inches  10 J  lines  ;  length 
of  humerus  3  lines  ;  of  fore  arm  3  lines  ;  length  of  hand  to  extremity  of  longest 
finger  4  lines  ;  length  of  thigh  5  lines  ;  of  tibia  5  lines  ;  of  foot  to  extremity  of 
longest  toe  7  lines :  circumference  of  body  14  lines  ;  total  length  4  inches  10 
lines. 

Habitat.  San  Antonio,  Texas. 

SCELOPORUS  DELICATISSIMUS. 

Sp.  Char.  Four  plates  behind  the  rostral  and  between  the  nostrils  ;  the  two 
first  much  smaller  than  the  latter;  nine  plates  upon  the  frontal  region,  in  two 
rows  (four  in  front  and  five  posteriorly  ;)  behind  these  five  plates  without  the 
central  pentagonal  one  above  described;  snout  somewhat  obtuse;  body  more 
slender  than  that  of  marmoratus  ;  scales  bipunctate  posteriorly. 

Dimensions.  Length  of  head  6  lines;  greatest  breadth  4  lines;  length  of  neck 
and  body  to  vent  1  inch  5  lines  ;  length  of  tail  3  inches  2  lines  ;  length  of  hu¬ 
merus  3  lines  ;  of  fore  arm  3  lines  ;  of  hand  to  extremity  of  longest  finger  4 
lines ;  of  thigh  4  lines  ;  of  tibia  5  lines ;  of  foot  to  extremity  of  longest  toe 
7£  lines  ;  total  length  5  inches  1  line. 

Habitat.  San  Antonio,  Texas. 

PSAMMOPHIS  FLAVI-GULA.RIS. 

Sp,  Char.  Head  long,  superior  and  inferior  marginal  outline  of  cranial  portion 
slightly  convex;  temples  depressed;  body  robust ;  color  light  brown  or  fuscous 
above  ;  chin,  throat,  abdomen,  and  under  part  of  tail  yellow;  17  rows  of  scales  ; 
abdominal  scuta  130;  sub-caudal  97. 


179 


1852.] 

Dimensions  of  largest  specimen.  Length  of  head  1  inch  6£  lines  ;  greatest 
breadth  9  lines ;  length  of  body  3  ft.  5  in.  1  lines  ;  of  tail  9  inches  (mutilated;) 
greatest  circumference  3  inches  2  lines. 

Remarks.  The  animal  above  described  differs  from  the  Psammophis  flagelli¬ 
formis,  in  being  more  robust,  and  in  its  coloration  ;  all  the  specimens  brought 
by  Dr.  Woodhouse  being  of  a  light  brown  or  olive  color  above,  and  of  a  yellow 
straw  color  beneath.  The  specimen  of  flagelliformis  in  the  collection  of  the 
Academy  corresponds  with  the  description  of  Prof.  Holbrook,  who  makes  the 
following  observations  in  regard  to  its  color  ;  “  The  superior  surface  of  the  head 
and  neck  and  nearly  one  half  of  the  body,  is  raven  black,  gradually  becoming 
green  on  approaching  the  tail,  which  is  of  a  very  light  brown  or  tawny  color ; 
the  scales  on  the  tail  are  rendered  conspicuous  by  their  dark  margins.  The 
inferior  surface  of  the  neck  and  anterior  part  of  the  abdomen  is  bluish  slate 
color,  the  posterior  part  white  clouded  with  brown ;  some  parts  of  the  abdomen 
white  and  shining,  as  well  as  the  inferior  surface  of  the  tail.  This  snake,  how¬ 
ever,  varies  in  color  or  rather  in  shade.  Bartram  has  seen  them  of  a  cream 
color,  clay  colored,  and  sometimes  almost  white,  but  always  raven  black  near 
the  head.”  The  Psammophis  flagelliformis  appears  to  be  rare,  Prof.  Holbrook 
having  seen  but  one  specimen  during  a  seven  years’  search  ;  and  Major  Le  Conte, 
who  resided  a  long  time  in  Georgia,  informs  me  that  he  also  has  seen  but  one. 
The  present  species,  according  to  Dr.  Woodhouse,  is  very  abundant  where  he 
discovered  it — namely,  in  the  sandy  region  reaching  from  the  frontiers  of  Texas 
to  the  Creek  Territory,  and  designated  by  a  strip  of  timber  extending  across  it. 
The  specimen  under  consideration  appears  also  to  differ  from  flagelliformis  in 
the  form  of  the  scales,  the  number  of  rows  of  which  is  the  same  in  both  species. 
In  flagelliformis  they  are  more  narrow  and  elongated,  resembling  the  scales  of 
Dendrophis ;  in  flavi-gularis  they  are  broader,  and  many  of  them  distinctly 
hexagonal.  The  tail  is  two  and  a  half  inches  shorter  than  in  flagelliformis, 
but  the  body  of  flagelliformis  is  eight  inches  longer.  Scblegel  observes  that 
the  serpents  belonging  to  this  genus  may  be  considered  as  holding  a  middle  place 
between  the  terrestrial  serpents  and  those  which  inhabit  trees ;  he  describes 
eight  species,  none  of  which  belong  to  the  United  States.  The  present  species, 
however,  is  known  to  ascend  trees  with  great  agility,  reaching  their  summits 
with  ease  when  attacked. 

ELGARIA,  Gray. 

Elgaria  marginata. 

Sp.  Char. — Head  and  upper  part  of  body  and  tail  olive  colored;  a  few  minute 
points  along  the  middle  line  of  the  back;  nine  or  ten  transverse  bars  of  black 
along  the  sides ;  the  posterior  margin  bordered  with  white ;  under  surface 
greenish  olive,  immaculate. 

Dimensions.  Length  of  head  4|  lines ;  greatest  breadth  2  lines ;  length  of 
neck  and  body  to  vent  1  inch  ;  length  of  tail  1  inch  (mutilated :)  length  of  an¬ 
terior  extremities  to  end  of  the  longest  of  the  five  lingers  4J  lines  ;  length  of 
posterior  extremities  to  end  of  the  longest  of  the  five  toe3  lines. 

Habitat.  New  Mexico. 

HOMALOSAURUS,  Hallowell. 

Gen.  Char.  Head  depressed,  covered  above  with  polygonal  scales ;  nostrils 
superior;  occipital  plate  distinct;  temples  not  swollen ;  marginal  plates  of  the 
upper  jaw  imbricate;  upper  surface  of  neck,  body,  and  tail  covered  with  granu¬ 
lations  ;  abdomen  and  under  surface  of  the  tail  with  smooth  quadrangular  scales  ; 
external  openings  to  the  ears  ;  throat  folded  ;  femoral  pores ;  tail  but  little 
longer  than  the  body  ;  body  and  entremities  slender; 

Homalosaurus  ventralis. 

Sp.  Char.  Head  silvery  white,  with  a  tinge  of  yellow ;  body  above  ash- 
colored,  thickly  maculated  with  small  white  spot3  irregularly  disposed  ;  trans¬ 
verse  dark  colored  bars  upon  the  posterior  extremities  and  base  of  tail ;  abdo- 

28 


180 


[October, 

men  silvery  white,  with  two  longitudinal  blue  colored  blotches  having  two  ob¬ 
lique  bars  of  black  running  across  them  ;  two  small  blue  spots  upon  the  under 
surface  of  tail. 

Dimensions. — Length  of  head  7£  lines ;  length  of  neck  and  body  to  anus  2 
inches  2£  lines;  of  tail  in  the  specimen  examined,  which  appears  to  have  been 
mutilated  and  restored,  2  inches  3  lines  ;  body  1  inch  5  lines  in  circumference  ; 
length  of  arm  6  lines ;  of  fore  arm  lines  ;  of  hand  to  extremity  of  longest 
nail  7f  lines  ;  of  feet  to  extremity  of  longest  toe  1  inch  2  lines ;  total  length  of 
body  5  inches  1  line. 

Habitat.  New  Mexico. 

Remarks.  This  animal  approaches  Crotaphytus,  Holbrook,  but  the  nostrils 
are  superior  instead  of  being  lateral  as  in  the  latter  genus.  The  head  of  Crota¬ 
phytus  is  covered  with  tubercles,  and  the  occipital  plate  does  not  exist,  or  is 
small  and  ill-defined.  The  forearm  is  also  shorter  and  much  more  robust, 
and  the  longest  fingers  are  of  nearly  equal  length ;  in  Homalosaurus  the 
fourth  finger  is  considerably  longer  than  the  third.  The  temples  are  much 
less  swollen  than  in  Crotaphytus,  which  has  but  a  single  row  of  plates  along  the 
border  of  the  lower  jaw.  The  nostrils  in  Holbrookia  are  situated  as  in  Homa¬ 
losaurus  ;  and  the  plates  along  the  margin  of  both  the  upper  and  under  jaw 
have  the  same  configuration  and  arrangement ;  the  occipital  plate  also  is 
very  distinct,  which,  as  well  as  most  of  tbe  plates  upon  the  upper  part  of  the 
head,  is  smooth  ;  a  considerable  number  of  granulations,  however,  are  observed 
above  the  supraciliary  ridge  at  its  anterior  and  posterior  part,  chiefly  in  the 
former  position ;  but  in  Holbrookia  there  are  no  external  ears,  the  ear  lying  im¬ 
mediately  beneath  the  skin,  which  covers  it.  Both  Holbrookia  and  Crotaphytus 
have  femoral  pores,  bat  no  anal  ones,  of  which  also  Crotaphytus  is  destitute. 

Crotalus  Lecontei. 

Sp.  Char.  Head  quadrangular,  broader  behind  than  in  front,  much  flattened 
above ;  a  few  small  plates  in  front ;  the  rest  of  the  upper  surface  of  the  head, 
except  over  the  orbit,  covered  with  scales  ;  a  series  of  about  thirty  subquad¬ 
rate  brownish  blotches  along  the  back,  and  ten  or  twelve  transverse  bands  of 
the  same  color  ;  brownish  bands  upon  the  tail ;  subquadrate  blotches  along  the 
back,  margined  with  light  yellow  ;  ground  color  light  yellow  or  straw-color ; 
scales  strongly  carinated  ;  abdominal  scuta  174  ;  sub-caudal  27. 

Dimensions.  Length  of  head  14  lines ;  greatest  breadth  11  lines;  length  of 
body  2  ft.  9  in.  9  lines ;  length  of  tail,  exclusive  of  rattles,  2  inches  6  lines ; 
length  2  ft.  6  inches  5  lines. 

Habitat.  Cross  Timbers. 

Remarks.  My  friend  Dr.  Le  Conte  informs  me  that  he  found  near  the 
Colorado,  about  seven  hundred  miles  from  the  last  mentioned  locality,  a  species 
of  Crotalus  which  was  very  abundant  in  that  region,  over  four  feet  in  length, 
and  which  appears  to  be  the  same  as  the  one  above  described.  He  took  the 
following  notes  of  it  upon  the  spot:  “  Crotalus — cinereous  ;  black  with  a  series 
of  subrhomboidal  spots  margined  with  dark  brown,  and  exterior  to  this  a  line 
of  white  scales  ;  sides  with  a  few  darker  cinereous  spots;  beneath  pale  ochra- 
ceous ;  neck  and  under  part  of  head  white  ;  tail  white,  with  four  black  rings,* 
becoming  irregular  beneath.  Length  4£  feet ;  greatest  circumference  5J  inches  ; 
185  transverse  scales  beneath  the  body,  28  caudal ;  fourteen  scales  in  the  ob¬ 
lique  rows  from  spine  to  side  in  middle  and  on  neck  ;  nine  posteriorly  and  on 
tail.  Colorado,  March,  1851.”  The  dorsal  spots  become  indistinct  behind. 
Sandy  deserts. 


*  In  a  young  specimen  brought  by  Dr.  Woodhouse  these  four  black  rings  are 
very  distinct. 


1852.] 


181 


PITYOPHIS  *  Holbrook. 

PlTYOPHIS  AFFINIS. 

Sp.  Char.  Scales  much  larger  upon  the  sides  than  upon  the  back,  where  they 
are  comparatively  small ;  a  series  of  brownish  or  black  subquadrate  blotches 
upon  the  back  ;  a  row  of  much  smaller  blotches  on  eyh  side  ;  transverse  bands 
of  jet  black  upon  the  tail ;  tail  short;  abdomen  and  tail  thickly  maculated  with 
black ;  thirty-one  rows  of  carinated  scales ;  abdominal  scuta  221 ;  sub-caudal  64. 

Dimensions.  Length  of  head  1  inch  2  lines ;  greatest  breadth  8  lines ;  length 
of  body  2  ft.  5  inches  ;  of  tail  5  inches  5  lines  ;  greatest  circumference  2  inches 
2J  lines. 

Another  specimen  was  received  of  the  same  species  as  the  above,  but  which 
presents  a  remarkable  deviation  in  the  form  and  arrangement  of  the  plates  upon 
the  head,  which  is  no  doubt  abnormal.  Thus  there  are  seven  plates  upon  the 
head,  instead  of  six,  as  in  Pityophis;  these  are  arranged  in  three  rows  two 
plates  in  the  front,  two  in  the  middle  and  three  in  the  posterior ;  on  each  side 
of  the  middle  row  is  a  small  quadrangular  plate  lying  immediately  above  the 
loral,  constituting  as  it  were  a  superior  loral ;  there  is  but  one  large  ant-orbitar 
and  four  posterior  orbitar  on  the  right  side,  and  three  on  the  left;  there  are 
nine  superior  labials;  abdominal  scuta  227 ;  sub-caudal  71. 

Habitat.  New  Mexico. 

LEPTOPHIS  T/ENITA. 

Sp.  Char.  Head  much  flattened,  olive  colored  with  yellow  markings  ;  ground 
color  of  body  above  olive,  with  two  lateral  longitudinal  yellowish  vittae,  extend¬ 
ing  from  the  occiput  to  the  tail,  each  middle  scale  marked  with  a  longitudinal 
line  of  black ;  two  lines  of  black  on  each  side,  passing  through  the  middle  of 
two  inferior  rows  of  scales  from  the  occiput  to  a  short  distance  beyond  the  tail  ; 
abdomen  immaculate,  except  toward  the  neck,  where  there  are  a  number  of 
small  black  spots;  abdominal  scuta  199;  sub-caudal  130;  14  rows  of  longitu¬ 
dinal  smooth  scales. 

Dimensions.  Length  of  head  9J  lines;  greatest  breadth  5  lines;  length  of 
body  1  ft.  7  in.  5  lines ;  of  tail  9  inches ;  circumference  1  inch  1  line ;  total 
length  2  ft.  5  inches  lines ;  abdominal  scuta  199  ;  sub-caudal  140. 

Habitat.  New  Mexico. 

Bufo  dorsalis. 

Sp.  Char.  Above  dark  brown,  with  numerous  irregular  lines  of  yellow ;  a 
vertical  line  of  yellow  continuous  with  one  which  is  less  distinct  upon  the  head  ; 
transverse  blotches  of  black  upon  the  thighs  and  fore  arms  ;  under  surface  of 
the  animal  ochraceous. 

Dimensions.  Length  of  head  8  lines  ;  greatest  breadth  9  lines  ;  length  of  head 
and  body  3  inches ;  length  of  arm  8£  lines ;  of  fore  arm  7  lines;  of  hand  to  ex¬ 
tremity  of  longest  finger  10  lines;  of  leg  14  lines;  of  tarsus  9  lines;  of  foot 
1  inch  four  lines  to  extremity  of  longest  toe. 

Habitat.  New  Mexico. 

Remarks.  This  animal  differs  widely  from  the  Bufo  cognatus  and  Americanus, 
but  resembles  the  lentiginosus,  which  Prof.  Holbrook  observes  is  found,  without 
doubt,  all  along  the  shores  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  differs  from  it,  however, 
in  the  elevation  of  the  ridges  upon  the  head,  which  in  lentiginosus  are  highly 
developed,  giving  to  the  upper  part  of  the  head  a  canaliculated  appearance,  a 
condition  that  does  not  exist  in  this  species. 

The  reptiles  above  described  were  collected  by  my  friend  Dr.  Woodhouse, 
who  was  attached  to  the  expedition  under  command  of  Capt.  L.  Sitgreaves, 
of  the  corps  of  Topographical  Engineers,  for  the  purpose  of  exploring  the 

*The  genus  Pityophis  is  characterized  by  its  projecting  snout  and  the  pre¬ 
sence  of  four  posterior  frontal  plates  in  a  transverse  row,  instead  of  two,  as  in 
the  ordinary  Colubers  and  Tropidonotes.  These  characters,  with  its  peculiar 
physiognomy,  cause  it  to  be  readily  recognised  by  one  familiar  with  our  reptiles. 


182 


[October, 


rivers  Zuni  and  Great  and  Little  Colorado  of  the  West.  Too  much  praise 
could  not  be  awarded  to  Dr.  Woodhouse,  for  the  zeal  and  intelligent  industry 
he  has  manifested  in  the  performance  of  his  arduous  duties  as  physician  and 
naturalist  to  the  Expedition. 

When  the  reptiles  brought  from  Oregon  and  California  by  Mr.  Townsend,  and 
those  of  the  Exploring  Expedition,  shall  have  been  carefully  studied,  much 
Will  have  been  done  toward  the  attainment  of  a  knowledge  of  the  geographical 
distribution  of  our  reptiles,  to  which  the  admirable  work  of  Prof.  Holbrook  has 
so  greatly  contributed.  To  him  we  owe  nearly  all  the  knowledge  we  possess 
with  certainty  of  North  American  Herpetology,  having  brought  into  order  and 
system  what  was  before  uncertain  and  confused,  and  in  clear  and  classical 
language  determined  their  characters  with  precision  ;  thus  greatly  facilitating 
the  labors  of  all  future  inquirers. 

ANOTA,  Hallowell. 

Gen.  Char.  Head  small,  covered  above  with  polygonal  plates ;  a  row  of  pointed 
spines  posteriorly ;  nostrils  within  the  supraciliary  ridge :  supraciliary  ridge 
but  slightly  developed,  terminating  posteriorly  in  a  small  pointed  spine ;  chin 
covered  with  smooth  granulations  of  unequal  size ;  a  row  of  pointed  scales  on 
each  side;  two  gular  folds;  no  external  openings  for  the  ears;  extremities 
slender;  upper  surface  of  body  smooth,  the  numerous  pointed  species  of  the 
ordinary  Phrynosomas  not  existing;  no  fringe  along  the  lateral  margins  of  the 
abdomen  ;  body  compressed,  oval,  tail  nearly  as  long  as  the  body ;  femoral 
pores  very  distinct. 

Anota  M’Callii. 

Sp.  Char.  Margin  of  upper  jaw  denticulated  posteriorly;  the  two  posterior 
of  the  rows  of  spines  along  the  margin  of  the  under  jaw  small ;  the  two  anterior 
to  these  quite  large;  the  two  middle  spines  of  thie  row  upon  the  occiput  much 
longer  than  the  rest,  and  incurvated;  intermediate  spine  very  small;  body  light 
ash  color  above,  with  a  narrow  dorsal  line  of  black  extending  from  the  occiput 
to  the  root  of  the  tail;  two  oblong  dark  colored  blotches  upon  each  side  of  the 
neck ;  two  rows  on  each  side  of  the  dorsal  line,  of  dark  colored  subcircular 
spots,  two  in  a  row,  the  external  larger  than  the  internal ;  ground  color  of  upper 
surface  of  tail  and  extremities  same  as  that  of  the  upper  surface  of  the  body; 
under  surface  of  body  and  extremities  silvery  white,  immaculate ;  twenty  dis¬ 
tinct  femoral  pores  on  each  side. 

Dimensions.  Length  of  head  7  lines;  greatest  breadth,  exclusive  of  spines, 
8  lines  ;  length  of  longest  spine  5^  lines;  of  the  next  to  it  2£;  length  of  arm 
7  lines;  of  fore  arm  5  lines;  of  hand,  to  extremity  of  longest  finger,  6  lines  ; 
length  of  thigh  7  lines ;  of  tibia  7  lines ;  of  foot  to  extremity  of  longest  toe, 
7£  lines;  length  of  neck  and  body  to  vent  2  inches  4£  lines ;  length  of  tail  1 
inch  8£  lines  ;  total  length  4  inches  5  lines. 

Habitat.  Great  Desert  of  the  Colorado,  between  Yallicita  and  Camp  Yuma, 
about  160  miles  east  of  San  Diego. 

Remarks.  The  animal  above  described  is  a  Phrynosoma,  the  ears  of  which 
are  concealed  by  the  integument.  It  was  caught  by  Col.  George  A.  M’Call,  of 
the  United  States  Army,  during  a  recent  journey  through  California  and  Oregon, 
and  presented  by  him  to  the  Academy,  with  two  young  specimens  of  Phrynoso¬ 
ma  coronatum.  The  great  length  of  its  middle  posterior  spines,  its  contracted 
neck  and  singularly  shaped  body  and  tail,  give  to  it  a  very  odd  appearance, 
differing  remarkably  from  that  of  any  of  the  known  Phrynosomata. 


Descriptions  of  New  Species  of  Reptiles  from  Oregon. 

By  Edward  Hallowell,  M.  D. 

Tropidonotus  concinnus. 

Sp.  Char.  Head  slightly  swollen  at  the  temples,  depressed ;  canthus  rostra- 
lis  grooved ;  a  longitudinal  yellow  line  running  along  the  median  line  of  the 
hack,  including  one  entire  row  and  one  half  of  each  of  the  adjoining  rows  of 


1852.] 


188 


scales;  about  sixty  oblong  transverse  golden  colored  spots  on  each  side  ;  ground 
color  raven  black.  Abdominal  scuta  156  ;  sub-caudal  78. 

Description.  The  head  is  of  moderate  size,  depressed  above ;  the  temples 
are  somewhat  swollen;  the  plates  upon  the  upper  part  of  the  head,  nine 
in  number,  do  not  differ  materially  from  the  plates  of  the  Tropidonoti  in  gene¬ 
ral  ;  the  canthus  rostralis,  or  that  portion  of  the  side  of  the  head  situated  between 
the  eye  and  the  extremity  of  the  snout,  is  distinctly,  but  not  so  deeply  grooved 
as  in  Psammophis ;  the  nostril  is  situated  between  two  nasal  plates,  the  anterior 
larger  than  the  posterior ;  there  is  a  small  quadrilateral  frenal  plate  ;  there  is 
one  ant-ocular,  and  three  posterior  oculars ;  a  very  small  part  of  the  ant-ocular 
plate  is  seen  upon  the  surface  of  thehead  ;  the  eye  is  of  moderate  size,  projecting; 
there  is  a  large  temporal  plate  immediately  behind  the  oculars,  and  posterior  to 
it  are  four  others ;  seven  plates  margin  the  upper  jaw,  of  which  the  fifth  and 
the  sixth  are  the  largest ;  neck  contracted ;  body  of  moderate  length,  thicker 
in  the  middle ;  tail  about  one-fourth  the  length  of  the  body.  There  are  seven¬ 
teen  rows  of  carinated  scales. 

Color.  Head  light  chesnut  above,  deeper  in  front ;  margin  of  upper  jaw, 
for  two  thirds  of  its  extent,  light  olive  ;  ground  color  of  the  body  and  tail  above 
and  upon  the  sides,  raven  black  ;  a  yellow  band,  including  one  row  and  the 
half  of  each  adjoining  row  of  scales,  extends  from  the  occiput  to  the  tail, 
along  the  middle  line  of  the  back ;  it  is  continued  upon  the  tail,  but  there 
becomes  more  narrow  ;  upon  each  side  of  the  body,  just  above  the  inferior  row 
of  scales,  is  a  row  of  about  sixty  transverse  oblong  golden  colored  spots  ;  one 
and  sometimes  two  of  the  intermediate  scales  is  perfectly  black ;  the  spots 
themselves  cover  about  three  rows  of  scales.  Abdominal  scuta  156 ;  sub-cau¬ 
dal  78. 

Dimensions.  Length  of  head  1  inch  ;  greatest  breadth  6  lines:  length  of  body 
2  ft.  3  inches  length  of  tail  5  inches  10  lines;  greatest  circumference  2  inches 
five  lines ;  total  length  2  ft.  9  inches  10  lines. 

Habitat.  Oregon  Territory.  A  specimen  in  the  Museum  of  the  Academy,  pre¬ 
sented  by  Dr.  Shumard.  The  most  beautiful  of  the  North  American  serpents 
hitherto  discovered. 

Hyla  scapularis. 

Sp.  Char.  Head  small ;  body  small  and  slender,  olive  green  above,  with  nu¬ 
merous  irregular  bluish  blotches  ;  a  bluish  vitta  running  from  the  eye  over  the 
shoulder  ;  total  length  one  and  a  half  inches  (Fr.) 

Description.  The  head  is  short  and  small,  depressed ;  the  snout  some¬ 
what  rounded  ;  the  nostrils  are  small  and  circular,  looking  upward  and  out¬ 
ward,  about  a  line  apart,  situated  immediately  below  the  ridge  running  from 
the  extremity  of  the  snout  to  the  anterior  canthus  of  the  eye ;  they  are  nearer 
the  extremity  of  the  snout  than  the  eye ;  mouth  quite  large ;  the  tongue  is 
heart-shaped,  quite  free  behind,  notched  upon  its  posterior  border;  there  are 
two  series  of  palatine  teeth  between  the  nostrils,  and  separated  from  each  other 
by  a  narrow  intermediate  space;  the  eyes  are  round  and  project  considerably; 
the  tympanum  is  small  and  circular;  the  body  is  flattened,  rather  slender,  much 
contracted  posteriorly ;  extremities  slender  ;  the  upper  surface  of  the  body  and 
extremities  present  numerous  small  granulations  ;  abdomen  and  under  surface 
of  extremities  much  granulated ;  the  granulations  upon  the  abdomen  vary  in 
size,  and  are  closely  in  juxtaposition  ;  chin  and  throat  granulated. 

Color.  Ground  color  above  greenish  olive,  presenting  numerous  irregular 
bluish  blotches  upon  the  surface  ;  several  deeper  colored  blotches  upon  the 
sides  ;  a  bluish  vitta,  about  two-thirds  of  a  line  in  breadth,  extends  from  the 
posterior  part  of  the  eye  along  the  sides  of  the  neck  over  the  shoulder,  a  short 
distance  beyond  which  it  terminates ;  upper  surface  of  extremities  marked 
with  bluish  spots. 

Dimensions.  Length  of  head  5  lines  ;  greatest  breadth  5  lines  ;  length  of  body 
1  inch  ;  length  of  humerus  4  lines  ;  of  fore  arm  lines  ;  of  hand  to  extremity 
of  longest  finger  5  lines  ;  length  of  thigh  7  lines  ;  of  leg  8  lines  ;  of  foot  to  ex¬ 
tremity  of  longest  toe  7|  lines  ;  total  length  1  inch  5  lines. 

Habitat.  Oregon  Territory.  Presented  to  the  Academy  by  Dr.  Shumard. 


184  [October, 

The  Committee  on  the  following  paper  by  Mr.  Cassin,  reported  in 
favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings  : 

Descriptions  of  new  species  of  Birds,  specimens  of  which  are  in  the  collec¬ 
tion  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia. 

By  John  Cassin. 

1.  Ammodromus  ruficeps ,  nobis. 

Form.  Rather  slender  ;  wings  short,  with  the  third,  fourth  and  fifth  quills 
nearly  equal  and  longest ;  tail  rather  long,  with  the  feathers  narrow  ;  legs  long. 

Dimensions.  Total  length  of  skin  from  tip  of  bill  to  end  of  tail  about  5| 
inches,  wing  2\,  tail  2f  inches. 

Colors.  A  conspicuous  black  line  on  each  side  of  the  throat  from  the  base  of 
the  lower  mandible.  Head  above  bright  reddish  chestnut  which  is  also  the  pre¬ 
vailing  color  of  the  back,  but  with  the  feathers  of  the  latter  broadly  edged  with 
ashy.  Rump  and  upper  tail  coverts  ash-gray,  tinged  with  the  chestnut  color  of 
the  back. 

Spot  on  the  nares  white,  running  into  an  ashy  superciliary  line,  ear  coverts 
and  below  ashy,  succeeded  by  a  white  line  from  the  lower  mandible,  which  is 
again  succeeded  by  the  black  line  from  its  base. 

Throat  white  tinged  with  dull  brownish  ashy,  running  into  deeper  shades  of 
the  same  colors  on  the  other  inferior  parts,  deepest  on  the  breast  and  with  yel¬ 
lowish  on  the  flanks  and  under  tail  coverts.  Wings  edged  with  pale  yellow  at 
the  flexure,  wing  coverts  and  quills  fuscous  edged  with  cinereous  and  reddish. 
Tail  fuscous,  tinged  and  edged  with  reddish,  the  two  middle  feathers  reddish 
brown. 

Bill  and  tarsi  light  colored. 

jS Tab.  Calaveras  river,  California,  discovered  by  A.  L.  Heermann,  M.  D. 

Obs.  Four  specimens  of  this  bird  were  brought  by  Dr.  Heermann  in  the  fine 
collection  made  by  him  in  California.  It  does  not  resemble  any  other  species 
sufficiently  to  render  necessary  any  designation  of  comparative  characters, 
and  may  be  easily  recognized  by  its  distinct  narrow  lines  of  black  on  the 
sides  of  the  neck,  running  from  the  base  of  the  lower  mandible. 

2.  Emberiza  rostrata ,  nobis. 

Form.  Short  and  rather  heavy,  somewhat  resembling  Peuccea  Bachmanii 
(Aud.)  but  with  the  bill  and  wings  longer,  the  tail  shorter,  and  hardly  of  the 
same  genus.  Somewhat  resembles  and  is  generically  allied  to  Emberiza  Bairdii , 
(Aud.),  and  is  about  the  same  size,  but  has  the  bill  much  longer,  the  tarsi  and 
feet  stouter,  and  the  claws  stronger  and  much  less  curved.  Bill  lengthened  and 
strong.  Wings,  with  the  first,  second  and  third  quills  longest  and  nearly  equal. 
Tail  rather  short,  emarginate. 

Dimensions.  Total  length  of  skin  from  tip  of  bill  to  end  of  tail  about  5£ 
inohes,  wing  2$,  tail  2  inches. 

Colors.  Entire  plumage  above  dull  brownish  and  cinereous,  every  feather 
longitudinally  marked  with  the  former  and  tipped  and  edged  with  the  latter, 
the  brown  stripes  being  most  strongly  marked  on  the  head  and  back.  Nar¬ 
row,  superciliary  lines  nearly  uniting  in  front.  Threat  and  entire  under  parts, 
white,  with  longitudinal  stripes  and  arrow  heads  of  brown  on  the  breast  and 
flanks ;  these  stripes  forming  two  lines  on  each  side  from  the  lower  mandible 
and  enclosing  a  stripe  of  white.  Abdomen  and  under  tail  coverts  dull  white. 

Wings  and  tail  brown,  edged  with  paler  shades  of  the  same  color,  nearly  white 
on  the  outer  webs  of  the  external  tail  feathers,  deeper  and  tinged  with  rufous  on 
the  wing  coverts  and  exposed  edges  of  the  secondaries.  Bill  and  feet  light 
colored,  the  former  brownish  above,  (in  skin.) 

JIab.  Sea  shore  at  San  Diego,  California,  discovered  by  A.  L.  Heermann, 
M.  D. 

Obs.  A  plain  plumaged  bird,  of  which  there  are  several  specimens  in  Dr. 
Heermann’s  collection.  It  is  unlike  any  other  finch  that  I  have  ever  seeD,  and 


1852.] 


185 


may  be  recognized  by  its  lengthened  and  strong  bill,  which  is  even  stronger  than 
that  of  Peuccea  Bachmanii.  In  the  general  character  of  its  form  it  approaches 
E.  Bairdii ,  but  is  colored  differently,  is  more  robust  and  has  the  bill  much  larger. 

3.  Spermestes  nigriceps ,  nobis. 

Form.  Small,  with  the  bill  rather  large  ;  wing  with  the  second  quill  slightly 
longest ;  tail  short,  but  wide  and  with  the  feathers  broad. 

Dimensions.  Total  length  of  skin  from  tip  of  bill  to  end  of  tail  about  31 
inches,  wing  If,  tail  inches. 

Colors.  5  •  Head  entirely  black,  which  color  is  extended  to  the  breast  and 
sides  of  the  body,  on  the  latter  (the  sides)  the  black  plumage  is  tipped  with 
white.  Middle  of  the  abdominal  region  and  under  tail  coverts  white. 

Back  and  wing  coverts  bright  reddish  chestnut,  primary  quills  black  with 
regularly  disposed  minute  spots  of  white  on  their  outer  webs,  exposed  portion 
of  secondaries  reddish  chestnut,  rump  black  with  minute  white  spots,  tail  black. 

Bill  and  feet  light  colored  (in  skin.) 

%  ,  or  $  juv.  Entire  plumage  above  brownish  tinged  with  chestnut  on  the 
back,  below  soiled  yellowish  or  pale  whitish  brown,  with  a  few  black  feathers 
on  the  throat ;  primaries  black  edged  with  white  ;  tail  brownish  black. 

Hab.  Zanzibar. 

Obs.  Three  specimens  of  this  pretty  species  belong  to  the  Rivoli  collection, 
and  are  marked  as  from  Zanzibar.  It  is  similar  to  no  other  species  of  Spermestes 
with  which  I  am  acquainted,  but  is  marked  with  white  spots  on  the  wings  like 
S.  poensis ,  (Frazer). 

4.  Spermestes  fuscans,  nobis. 

Form.  Small  but  robust,  and  with  the  bill  very  strong,  wing  with  the  first, 
second  and  third  quills  nearly  equal,  tail  rather  long,  with  the  central  feathers 
longest. 

Dimensions.  Total  length  of  skin  from  tip  of  bill  to  end  of  tail  about  3f  inches, 
wing  2,  tail  2  inches. 

Colors.  Entire  plumage  dark  chocolate  brown,  deeper  on  the  throat  and  around 
the  base  of  the  bill.  Inner  webs  of  quills  paler  and  nearly  white.  Bill  horn 
color.  , 

Hab.  Borneo. 

Obs.  I  have  not  succeeded  in  finding  a  description  of  this  little  bird,  though 
specimens  in  the  collection  of  the  Academy  have  been  labelled  in  Europe,  “  F. 
nigerrima ,”  and  others  “  F.  aterrima .”  It  is  not  nearly  related  to  any  species 
known  to  me,  and  may  be  distinguished  from  all  others  by  its  plain  uniform 
plumage. 

5.  Ephialtes  elegans ,  nobis. 

Form.  A  typical  species,  bill  rather  small,  wings  with  the  third  and  fourth 
quills  longest  and  nearly  equal,  tail  rather  short. 

Dimensions.  Total  length  of  skin  from  tip  of  bill  to  end  of  tail  about  8}  to  9 
inches,  wing  6f,  tail  3J  inches. 

Colors.  Feathers  of  the  ear  tufts  bright  yellowish  rufous,  every  feather  mark¬ 
ed  longitudinally  and  with  irregular  transverse  bands,  and  minute  points  of  black, 
which  color  is  almost  confined  to  the  outer  webs.  Face  whitish,  every  feather 
with  irregular  lines  and  points  of  brown. 

Entire  plumage  above  pale  umber  brown,  every  feather  with  an  obscure  longi¬ 
tudinal  stripe  of  brownish  black  and  with  very  numerous  irregular  narrow  lines 
and  points  of  the  same  color.  Plumage  of  the  neck  behind  with  white  spots  ob¬ 
scurely  indicating  a  collar. 

Inferior  surface  of  the  body  handsomely  mottled  with  white,  light  fulvous  and 
brownish  black  ;  the  former  being  the  ground  color  and  every  feather  longitudi¬ 
nally  striped,  and  with  numerous  narrow  transverse  lines  and  points  of  the  latter, 
these  stripes  most  strongly  marked  on  the  breast,  and  least  distinct  on  the 
abdomen  and  inferior  tail-coverts.  Flanks  light  fulvous  ;  tarsi  reddish,  with  ir¬ 
regular  lines  and  spots  of  brown.  Wings  and  tail  umber  brown,  the  former  with 


186  [October, 

square  spots  of  reddish  -white  on  their  outer  webs,  and  the  latter  with  numerous 
irregular  lines,  and  narrow  bands  of  reddish  and  brown. 

Hab.  Northern  Asia,  Japan  ?  “  En  Mer,  cotes  du  Japon,  lat.  29°  41?'  N.  long. 
126°  13'  30"  E.” 

Obs.  This  is  one  of  the  handsomest  of  the  small  species  of  owls,  and  bears  some 
resemblance,  rather  remote,  however,  and  on  a  small  scale,  to  the  large  Horned 
Owls.  It  is  somewhat  like  E.  semitorques ,  (Temm.)  but  wants  the  white  on  the 
throat  and  breast,  and  is  smaller  and  differently  colored,  and  has  the  toes  bare. 
It  resembles  also  to  some  extent  both  L.  lettia,  (Hodg.)  and  E.  lempiji ,  (Horsf.,) 
but  is  larger  than  either,  and  otherwise  different.  The  brown  stripes  and  lines 
on  all  parts  of  the  plumage  are  unusually  delicate. 

Two  specimens  are  in  the  collection  of  the  Academy,  the  more  adult  of  which 
was  obtained  by  Dr.  Wilson  from  Mr.  J.  P.  Yerreaux,  of  Paris,  by  whom  it  was 
designated  as  probably  an  undescribed  species.  It  bears  a  label  indicating  the 
locality  as  above. 

6.  Ephialtes  Hendersonii ,  nobis. 

Form.  Resembling  E.  capensis  (Smith)  and  E.  senegalensis  ( Sw.)  but  smaller 
than  either,  and  has  the  bill  shorter  and  weaker ;  wing  with  the  third  quill 
longest,  but  only  slightly  exceeding  the  fourth :  tail  short. 

Dimensions.  Total  length  of  skin  from  tip  of  bill  to  end  of  tail  inches, 
wing  5,  tail  inches. 

Colors.  Generally  very  similar  to  those  of  E.  capensis  (Smith)  and  E.  sene - 
galensis  (Sw.),  but  darker  and  with  the  fine  lines  and  points  of  brown  through¬ 
out  the  plumage  much  more  numerous  and  distinct.  Entire  plumage  above 
cinereous,  mixed  on  the  neck,  back  and  rump  with  bright  fulvous,  every  feather 
longitudinally  striped  and  with  numerous  very  irregular  transverse  lines  and 
points  of  brownish  black  most  distinct  on  the  head  and  back.  Frontal  feathers 
nearly  white,  tufts  and  face  very  pale  cinereous,  striped  longitudinally,  and 
minutely  lined  with  dark  brown.  Plumage  below  variegated  with  white  and 
brown,  with  a  tinge  of  fulvous,  every  feather  having  stripes  and  minute  lines 
and  points,  as  on  the  back,  but  less  numerous,  with  the  white  predominating 
and  nearly  pure  on  the  lower  abdomen  and  under  tail  coverts. 

Quills  brown  with  quadrangular  spots  of  white  on  the  outer  webs.  Tail  pale 
cinereous  with  irregular  transverse  bars  of  brown  and  exhibiting  a  different 
style  of  coloring  from  either  of  the  species  above  mentioned.  Tarsi  nearly 
white,  obscurely  spotted  with  brown. 

Sexes  similar. 

Hab.  Angola.  “  Came  on  board  U.  S.  brig  Perry  off  Novo  Redondo.” — Dr. 
Henderson's  label. 

Obs.  It  is  not  without  some  feeling  of  reluctance  that  I  add  another  to  the 
several  nearly  allied  and  little  understood  species  resembling  E.  scops,  (Linn.) 
Of  these  there  are  several  which  are  clearly  distinct  and  well  marked,  and  the 
bird  at  present  described  is  one  of  this  character.  My  reluctance  has  arisen 
from  the  knowledge,  that  from  the  descriptions  heretofore  published,  it  is  quite 
impossible  for  naturalists  to  identify  them,  or  to  ascertain  in  what  manner  one 
differs  from  another  ;  and  nothing  short  of  actually  examining  the  original  spe¬ 
cimens  in  European  collections,  which  was  done  by  Dr.  Wilson  in  1851,  can 
afford  the  necessary  information.  From  his  notes  and  from  specimens  which  he 
procured  during  his  visit  to  Europe,  and  from  others  previously  in  the  collection 
of  the  Academy,  I  have  the  gratification  of  entirely  coinciding  with  him  in  the 
opinion  that  the  following  are  distinct,  but  some  of  them  nearly  related  species  ; 
Ephialtes  scops ,  (Linn.)  from  which  E.  pennata,  (Hodg.)  cannot  be  distinguished; 
E.  capensis,  (Smith,)  E.  scncgalensis ,  (Sw.,)  E.  sunia ,  (Hodg.,)  of  which  I  am 
acquainted  with  both  young  and  adult,  and  E.  Hendersonii ,  Cassin :  and  of  ano¬ 
ther  group  also  resembling  E.  scops  to  some  extent,  the  following  appear  to  be 
different :  E.  lempiji  (Horsf.)  which  is  J.  noctula ,  Temm.,  E.  javanicus  (Less.) 
E.  lettia  (Hodg.,)  E.  spilocephalus  (Blyth,)  and  E.  mantis  (Temm.,)  which  is 
S.  rufescens,  (Horsf.)  Of  all  these  species,  specimens  and  mostly  suites  are 
now  in  the  collection  of  this  Academy,  and  I  hope  to  give,  at  an  early  day,  the 


1852.] 


187 


result  of  an  attempt  to  arrange  them,  and  to  reconcile  their  synoBymes,  in  a 
second  edition  of  my  catalogue  of  Strigidice  in  our  collection. 

Of  the  interesting  little  bird  at  present  described,  two  specimens,  male  and 
female,  are  in  a  collection  made  principally  on  the  coasts  of  Angola  and  Ben- 
guela,  during  a  recent  voyage  of  the  U.  S.  brig  Perry,  and  presented  to  the 
Academy  by  A.  A.  Henderson,  M.  D.,  Surgeon  U.  S.  Navv,  who  was  attached 
to  that  vessel  as  a  medical  officer.  I  have  taken  the  liberty  of  dedicating  it  to 
Dr.  Henderson  as  a  slight  testimonial  to  his  profound  and  varied  scientific  ac¬ 
quirements,  and  as  a  memento  of  our  long-continued  and  pleasant  friendship. 

7.  Larus  Heermanni ,  nobis. 

Form.  Bill  rather  long  and  slender,  wings  very  long,  extending  beyond  the 
tail,  first  primary  slightly  longest ;  tail  truncate  or  slightly  emarginate. 

Dimensions.  Total  length  of  skin  from  tip  of  bill  to  end  of  tail  about  17£ 
inches,  wing  13£,  tail  5£,  bill  from  the  aDgle  of  the  mouth  to  the  tip  inches. 

Colors.  Bill  red,  both  mandibles  tipped  with  black  ;  feet  and  legs  dark  ;  head 
white,  which  color  gradually  fades  into  an  ashy  lead  color,  enveloping  the  entire 
body  above  and  below ;  darker  above  and  on  the  wings,  and  paler  beneath. 
Secondaries  tipped  with  white,  which  forms  an  oblique  bar  of  white  on  the  wing. 

Superior  coverts  of  the  tail  pale  cinereous,  nearly  white.  Quills  and  tail 
brownish  black,  the  latter  tipped  with  white.  Shafts  of  the  two  first  primaries 
white  on  the  inferior  surface  of  the  wing. 

Young.  Rather  smaller,  total  length  about  16  inches,  wing  13,  tail  5,  bill 
from  the  angle  of  the  mouth  2  inches.  Entire  plumage  brown,  dark  on  the 
head  and  paler  on  the  under  surface  of  the  body,  quills  and  tail  feathers  brownish 
black,  the  latter  narrowly  edged  at  the  tip  with  white. 

Dab.  Coast  of  California  at  San  Diego,  discovered  by  A.  L.  Heermann,  M.D. 

06s.  This  beautiful  gull  appears  to  belong  to  a  group  of  species  comprising 
Larus  Belcheri,  Vigors,  L.  erythrorynchus,  Gould,  and  others,  all  of  which  in¬ 
habit  the  shores  of  the  Pacific  ocean.  It  is  most  nearly  related  to  L.  Belcheri, 
but  is  not  so  large,  and  has  the  head  pure  white,  which  is  not  the  case  in  that 
species.  In  the  description  of  the  latter  (in  Zool.  Jour.  iv.  p.  328,)  the  rump 
is  described  as  white ;  in  the  present  bird  the  rump  i3  dark  ashy,  but  the  su¬ 
perior  coverts  of  the  tail  nearly  white,  and  in  the  young  bird  they  are  dark 
brown. 

I  have  dedicated  this  handsome  species  to  my  friend  Dr.  Heermann,  as  a  token 
of  acknowledgment  due  to  his  accomplishment  as  a  naturalist,  and  his  great 
perseverance  and  success  as  a  scientific  traveller. 

8.  Mergus  americanus,  nobis.  WilsoQ’s  Am.  Orn.  viii.  pi.  68.  Aud.  B.  of  Am. 

pi.  331. 

Obs.  I  propose  this  name  for  the  common  bird  which  has  hitherto  been  re¬ 
garded  as  identical  with  the  European  species  well  known  as  Mergus  mergan¬ 
ser,  Linn.  It  is,  however,  specifically  quite  distinct.  In  the  American  bird  the 
prolonged  feathers  of  the  head  are  almost  restricted  to  the  occiput  and  neck  be¬ 
hind,  but  in  that  of  Europe  they  commence  almost  at  the  base  of  the  bill,  and 
are  erectile  and  crest-like.  On  the  large  wing  coverts  in  the  American  species 
there  is  always  an  exposed  and  conspicuous  bar  of  black,  which,  in  the  Euro¬ 
pean  species,  is  entirely  concealed  by  the  lesser  coverts.  This  character  is  suffi¬ 
cient  for  the  purpose  of  the  practical  recognition  of  the  two  species  in  all  the 
specimens  that  I  have  ever  examined,  and  may  be  observed  on  comparing  any 
plates  of  the  two  species  that  I  have  seen,  but  especially  Wilson  Am.  Orn.  viii. 
pi.  68 ;  Aud.  B.  of  Am.  pi.  331  ;  Selby,  Ill.  pi.  57  ;  Gould  B.  of  Eur.  v.  pi.  39 ; 
and  Korner  Skandinaviska  Foglar  pi.  57. 

9.  Anser  joarvipes ,  nobis. 

Form.  Generally  resembling  A.  canadensis ,  Linn.,  but  not  so  large,  and  with 
the  bill  and  feet  much  smaller,  the  latter  being  not  much  more  than  half  the 
size  of  that  species.  Upper  mandible  not  so  strongly  serrated  on  its  edges, 
tarsi  slender,  tail  rather  fully  developed.  Possibly  a  Bernicla. 

29 


188  [October, 

Dimension*.  Total  length  of  skin  from  tip  of  bill  to  end  of  tail  about  28 
inches,  wing  15,  tail  6  inches. 

Colors.  Much  like  those  of  Anser  canadensis ,  Bemicla  Hutchitisii  and  B.  leu - 
copariea.  Large  space  on  the  throat  and  sides  of  the  head  white,  head  above 
and  neck  black,  back  and  wings  ashy  brown,  with  the  feathers  having  paler  tips 
and  edges,  rump  and  tail  black, upper  tail  coverts  white;  plumage  beneath  ashy 
white,  with  a  silky  yellowish  tinge,  and  many  feathers  having  darker  subtermi¬ 
nal  stripes  ;  ventral  region  and  under  tails  coverts  white. 

Hab.  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico. 

Obs.  One  specimen  of  this  singular  bird  has  been  several  years  in  the  collec¬ 
tion  of  the  Academy,  having  been  presented  by  its  eminent  member  Marma- 
duke  Burrough,  M.  D.,  and  collected  by  him  during  his  residence  at  Vera  Cruz. 
It  resembles  the  common  Anser  canadensis  in  general  appearance,  but  may  at 
once  be  distinguished  by  the  smaller  size  of  the  tarsi  and  feet,  as  well  as  its 
comparatively  small  and  weaker  bill.  It  is  much  larger  than  either  Bemicla 
Hufchinsii  or  Bemicla  leucopariea  both  of  which  are  in  the  collection  of  the 
Academy. 


The  Committee  to  which  was  referred  Mr.  Cassin's  u  Catalogue  of  the 
Halcyonidae  in  the  collection  of  the  Academy/'  reported  in  favor  of 
publication.  (  go331  See  end  of  the  present  No.) 


ELECTION. 

Dr.  Dinwiddie  B.  Phillips,  U.  S.  Navy,  was  elected  a  Member  of  the 
Academy. 


1852.] 


189 


November  2 d)  1852. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

Letters  were  read 

From  the  Asiatic  Society  of  Bengal,  dated  July  9th,  1852,  acknow¬ 
ledging  the  receipt  of  the  Journal  of  the  Academy,  vol.  2,  part  2,  and 
of  the  Proceedings  vol,  6,  part  1. 

From  the  Chief  Commissioners  of  H.  M.  Works  and  Public  Buildings, 
dated  London,  Sept.  15, 1852,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  copies  of  the 
u  Notice  of  the  Academy  by  Dr.  Ruschenberger,”  which  have  been  de¬ 
posited  in  the  Museum  of  Practical  Geology. 

From  M.  Haidinger,  dated  Vienna,  20th  April,  1852,  transmitting 
the  volumes  acknowledged  this  evening. 

From  the  Academy  of  Sciences  of  Vienna,  dated  October  3d,  1852, 
transmitting  its  works  announced  this  evening. 


November  9th. 

Vice  President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

A  letter  was  read  from  the  Librarian  of  the  British  Museum,  dated 
London,  21st  Oct.,  1852,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  recent  Nos.  of  the 
Academy's  Proceedings,  &c. 

Dr.  Owen,  in  presenting  to  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia 
a  copy  of  the  Geological  Map  of  Wisconsin,  Iowa  and  Minnesota,  just  published, 
made  the  following  remarks  : — 

The  region  of  country  embraced  in  this  geological  map  extends  from  latitude 
38°  to  49°,  and  from  longitude  89°  30'  to  96°  30'.  It  has  a  length,  from  north 
to  south,  of  750  miles,  and  its  greatest  width  270  miles,  the  area  being  200,000 
square  miles.  Embracing  the  Mississippi  river  and  all  its  tributaries,  from  its 
source  to  its  junction  with  the  Missouri ;  the  Missouri  river,  as  high  as  Council 
Bluff ;  the  Red  river  of  the  north,  from  its  source  to  the  northern  boundary  of 
the  United  States  ;  together  with  the  northern  and  southern  shores  of  Lake 
Superior,  from  Fond  du  Lac  north  to  the  British  dominions,  and  east  to  the 
Michigan  line. 

All  the  calcareous  rocks  are  represented  on  this  map  by  tints  of  blue ;  the 
pure  calcareous  rocks  being  of  pure  blue  tints,  while  the  magnesio-calcareous 
or  dolomitic  rocks  are  of  shades  of  purple  blue;  the  sandstones,  of  yellow;  the 
coal  measures,  of  sepia;  the  metamorpbic  schists,  of  purple;  the  metamor¬ 
phosed  rocks,  of  Silurian  date,  of  orange;  while  all  the  igneous  rocks  are  of 
bright  red  colors. 

A  very  large  tract  of  the  northern  regions  of  this  district,  being  more  than 
one  half  of  the  country,  is  overspread  with  extensive  drift  deposites,  penetrated 
only  at  a  few  limited  and  distant  points,  (these  chiefly  in  the  deep  cuts  of  the 
streams,)  by  igneous  rocks  and  metamorphic  schists ;  except  along  the  height 
of  land  dividing  the  waters  of  Lake  Superior  and  the  Mississippi ;  on  the  north 
west  shore  of  Lake  Superior  and  the  region  bordering  on  the  British  dominions, 
where  the  exposure  of  granite,  gneiss,  and  metamorphic  schists  and  trappose 
rock3,  are  rather  more  extensive. 

The  drift  consists  of  deposites  of  sand,  gravel  clays  of  great  thickness,  of 
marls,  and,  locally,  of  erratic  blocks.  The  summit  levels  of  this  region  are 
from  500  to  1100  feet  and  more  above  Lake  Superior. 

PROCEED.  ACAD.  NAT.  SCI.  OP  PHILADELPHIA. — VOL.  VI.  NO.  VI. 


30 


190 


[November, 


A  considerable  portion  of  the  southern  and  eastern  part  of  this  drift  is 
based  on  the  lowest  protozoic  sandstones  of  lower  Silurian  date;  which  forma¬ 
tion  is  best  explored  in  a  semicircular  belt  east  of  the  Mississippi  and  up  the 
Valley  of  the  Wisconsin  as  high  as  Point  Boss  ;  and  bearing  northeast  to  the 
Michigan  boundary  line. 

These  lower  Protozoic  Sandstones  have  proved  themselves  far  more  fossili- 
ferous  than  the  corresponding  strata  in  the  State  of  New  York — the  Potsdam 
sandstone  ;  having  yielded,  besides  the  two  small  Lingulas,  L.  antiqua  and  prima , 
of  New  York,  four  new  genera  of  trilobites  and  at  least  nine  or  ten  new  species  ; 
which  is  the  more  remarkable  since  no  remains  of  crustaceans  had  previously 
been  found  lower  than  the  Trenton,  Black  river  and  Chazy  limestones. 

In  the  ascending  order  succeeds  the  Lower  Magnesian  Limestone,  reaching 
the  surface  to  the  southwest  of  the  Protozoic  sandstones;  characterized  chiefly 
by  gasteropodous  mollusca,  allied  to  Pleurotomaria ,  Ophileta  and  Strappa - 
rolus.  They  are  represented  by  the  deeper  purple  blue  tints,  and  correspond  in 
age  to  the  calciferous  sandrock  of  New  York. 

With  the  intervention  of  non-fossiliferous  sandstones,  from  forty  to  eighty 
feet  in  thickness,  often  composed  of  limpid  grains  of  quartz,  there  is  superim¬ 
posed  on  this  formation,  beds  of  shell-limestone  of  the  age  of  the  Trenton  and 
Black  river  limestone  of  New  York,  and  the  blue  limestones  of  Ohio  and  In¬ 
diana,  containing  Lcptcena  alternata ,  sericea ,  deltoidea,  Orthis  testudenarca , 
occidentalism  subcequata ,  Atrypa  capax ,  modcsta ,  Isotelus  gig  as,  Calymena 
senaria ,  besides  a  great  variety  of  other  fossils  found  in  the  corresponding 
strata  in  Ohio,  Indiana  and  New  York,  besides  many  new  species.  Though 
somewhat  magnesian,  these  beds  are  the  purest  limestone  of  Silurian  date  iu 
the  district. 

Next  succeeds,  on  the  south,  the  lead-bearing  beds  of  the  upper  magnesian 
limestone,  colored  Prussian  blue,  and  containing  Spirifer  lynx ,  biforatus ,  Lin¬ 
gula  quidrata  and  a  few  other  fossils  of  the  Trenton  limestone,  Utica  slate  and 
Hudson  river  group.  This  formation  is  represented  of  a  lighter  shade  of  purple 
blue.  This  part  of  the  Upper  Magnesian  Limestone  of  Wisconsin  has  yielded 
latterly  upwards  of  50,000,000  of  pounds  of  lead  annually,  and  is  about  three 
hundred  feet  thick. 

The  upper  200  feet  of  upper  magnesian  limestone  of  Wisconsin,  form  what 
we  have  designated  the  Coralline  and  Pentamerus  beds,  from  the  abundance  of 
Catenepora  esckaroides  and  Pentamerus  oblongus ,  formed  towards  the  top  of  this 
formation,  which  corresponds  to  the  Niagara  and  Clinton  groups  of  New  York. 

To  the  southwest  of  this,  crossing  the  Mississippi,  near  its  upper  or  Rock- 
island  rapids,  is  a  very  pure  calcareous  formation,  containing  Atrypa  reticularis , 
aspera ,  Orthis  resupinata ,  Phocops  macropthalma ,  and  a  variety  of  Spirifers, 
most  of  which  are  new  species,  allied  to  those  of  the  Hamilton  and  Corniferous 
groups  of  New  York,  with  extended  hinge,  and  often  with  wide  cardinal  areas, 
and  mostly  smooth  on  the  bourrelet  or  mesial  fold.  Also  many  of  the  corals 
found  in  the  Onondaga  limestone  of  New  York  and  the  limestones  of  the  Eifel 
in  Germany. 

Much  of  the  limestone  of  this  formation  has  a  close  texture,  smooth  surface 
and  conchoidal  fracture,  approaching  to  lithographic  limestones. 

The  valley  of  the  Mississippi,  below  Muscatine,  is  occupied  by  a  zone  of 
carboniferous  limestone,  which  we  divide  into  the  upper  and  lower  series,  the 
former  characterized  by  Lithostrotion  basaltiforme ,  several  species  of  Produc- 
tus,  the  Spirifer s  and  Terebralulce ;  the  latter  by  the  Archimedes,  a  great  variety 
of  Pentramites  and  Crinoidea,  Productus  punctatus ,  Spirifer  cuspida'us,  Spirifer 
striatus ,  and  remains  of  Psammodus  and  other  fossil  fishes ;  besides  a  variety 
of  other  species  of  organic  remains.  These  beds  of  limestones  encircle  the 
Iowa  and  Missouri  coal-field,  and  separate  it  from  the  Illinois  coal-field,  with 
which  it  may  have  been  once  in  connection,  before  the  denudation  of  the  Mis¬ 
sissippi  Valley;  but  they  are  now  separated  by  a  belt  of  from  25  to  50  miles 
of  this  subcarboniferous  limestone,  now  encroached  upon  only  by  a  few  outliers 
of  the  coal  measures  near  the  Keokuk  rapids  of  the  Mississippi. 

The  Iowa  and  Missouri  coal-field,  now  for  the  first  time  laid  down  on  a  geo- 


191 


1852.] 

logical  map,  comprises  in  all  about  50,000  square  miles,  nearly  one  half  of 
which  lies  in  Iowa,  and  the  other  half  in  Missouri.  From  north  to  south  this 
coal-field  is  about  300  miles,  and  from  east  to  west  about  200. 

This  coal-field  is  shallow,  hardly  exceeding  fifty  fathoms,  and  the  coal-bear¬ 
ing  strata  proper  hardly  100  feet,  It  seems  to  be  the  attenuated  part  of  the 
great  coal-field  east  of  the  Mississippi.  It  contains  from  four  to  six  workable 
beds  of  coal,  which,  in  Iowa,  vary  from  two  to  five  or  five  and  a  half  feet. 
Towards  the  southern  margin  of  this  coal-field,  in  Missouri,  there  are  beds  of 
great  thickness — 20  feet  or  more — of  a  character  intermediate  between  cannel 
coal  and  asphaltum. 

The  coal  of  this  coal-field  is  all  highly  bituminous  and  most  slaty  in  its  struc¬ 
ture  ;  very  frequently  presenting  the  woody  fibre  on  the  surface  of  the  natural 
joints  as  distinctly  displayed  as  on  charcoal. 

On  the  extreme  south  of  this  map  will  be  observed,  close  to  the  southern 
margin  of  this  coal-field,  an  uplift  of  magnesian  limestone  and  sandstone  of 
lower  Silurian  date,  bordering  on  the  lead  region  of  Missouri,  and  to  be  found  on 
both  sides  of  the  Missouri  river,  between  Tavern  Rock  and  Marion  ;  here  the 
carboniferous  and  lower  Silurian  rocks,  are  in  close  proximity  and  much 
blended  together. 

To  the  extreme  west  of  the  map,  on  the  Missouri  river,  opposite  the  mouth  of 
Floyd’s  river,  the  green  represents  the  cretaceous  formation  which  extends 
west  of  the  Missouri  river  towards  the  heads  of  the  Cheynne,  Moreau  and 
White  rivers,  where  it  is  succeeded  by  that  remarkable  Eocene  tertiary  basin 
in  the  Mauvaise  Terres  of  Nebraska,  containing  those  interesting  extinct  races 
of  fossil  mammalia  described  by  Dr.  Leidy  in  the  Memoir  forming  part  of  the 
geological  report. 

Many  important  additions  will  be  found  to  our  geographical  knowledge  of  the 
country,  derived  partly  from  drafts  and  astronomical  observatious  made  by  the 
geological  corps,  and  partly  from  the  most  recent  linial  surveys. 

For  further  particulars  I  beg  to  refer  the  members  to  the  forthcoming  geolo¬ 
gical  report  of  the  surveys  of  the  region  of  country  represented  by  this  geolo¬ 
gical  map. 


November  16  th. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

A  note  was  read  from  Mr.  Elias  Durand,  dated  Nov.  15,  1852,  accom¬ 
panying  his  donation,  acknowledged  this  evening,  of  109  autographs  of 
Scientific  and  Literary  men. 

Dr.  B.  H.  Coates  stated  that  he  had  been  referred  by  a  friend  to  a  passage  in 
page  136,  of  a  work  entitled  “The  Unity  of  the  Human  Races,  proved  to  be  the 
doctrine  of  Scripture,  Reason  and  Science  ;  by  the  Rev.  Thomas  Smyth,  D.  D. 
New  York,  1850” — in  which  his  name  is  cited,  with  those  of  several  others,  as 
that  of  an  “opponent”  of  the  doctrine  or  dogma  of  the  Unity  of  the  Human 
Species  ;  and  this  on  the  authority  of  the  late  Dr.  Morton.  Dr.  Coates  had  no  re¬ 
collection  of  the  passage  in  any  of  the  writings  of  his  late  honored  friend  just  named, 
or  of  any  other,  in  which  such  a  statement  had  been  made  for  him  ;  and  could  only 
presume  that  Dr.  Smyth  has  either  misapprehended  some  expression  in  Dr. 
Morton’s  books,  or  has  quoted  from  memory  without  referring  to  the  text.  Dr. 
Coates  hoped  to  be  allowed  to  have  placed  upon  record  in  the  Proceedings  of  the 
Academy  an  explicit  denial  of  the  above  allegation,  having  never  held  the  opinion 
there  implied  as  his.  He  acquiesces  in  what  he  believes  to  be  the  general 
judgment  of  the  most  scientific  men — the  unity  of  the  human  species — without 
claiming  to  have  formed  an  independent  opinion;  but  he  is  not  ignorant  that 
some  strangely  marked  varieties,  as  the  Ethiopian,  are  of  a  very  high  antiquity. 

The  proposition  frequently  combined  with  the  above,  that  the  origin  of  the 


192 


[November, 

whole  human  race  is  from  a  single  couple,  and  that  such  is  the  legitimate  con¬ 
struction  of  the  biblical  passages  mentioning  Adam  and  Eve,  did  not  appear  to 
him  to  be  a  question  in  Natural  History  ;  that  is,  he  conceives  it  to  be  impossible, 
from  any  natural  evidence  now  existing  upon  the  surface  of  the  earth,  either  to 
prove  or  disprove  this  proposition,  or  to  render  it  more  probable  or  improbable, 
and  that  it  must,  therefore,  rest  for  its  certainty  upon  revelation,  records  and  the 
grammatical  construction  and  just  verbal  meaning  of  an  ancient  language. 


November  23 d. 

The  President,  Mr.  Ord,  in  the  Chair. 

A  letter  was  read  from  the  Secretary  of  the  Acad.  C.  L.  C.  Naturae 
Curiosorum,  dated  Breslau,  28th  Aug.  1852,  presenting  the  volume 
of  its  Transactions  acknowledged  this  evening. 

Dr.  Leidy  presented  a  paper  from  M.  Tuomey,  entitled  “  Description 
of  some  fossil  shells  from  the  Tertiary  of  the  Southern  States,”  which, 
being  intended  for  publication,  was  referred  to  a  committee,  consisting  of 
Dr.  Leidy,  Mr.  Conrad,  and  Mr.  Charles  E.  Smith. 

Dr.  Woodhouse  presented  a  paper  for  publication,  describing  a  new 
species  of  Numenius ;  which  was  referred  to  Mr.  Cassin,  Dr.  Wilson 
and  Dr.  Heermann. 

Dr.  Owen  presented  for  inspection  by  the  members,  a  copy  of  his  Re¬ 
port  of  the  Geological  Survey  of  Iowa,  Wisconsin  and  Minnesota,  and 
called  attention  to  some  of  the  illustrations,  which  were  produced  by  an 
entirely  new  method ;  the  copy  of  the  fossil  being  medal-ruled  on  the 
steel  plate  from  the  object  itself. 


November  30 th. 

Mr.  Ord,  President,  in  the  Chair. 

The  committee  on  Mr.  Tuomey’s  paper,  offered  at  last  meeting,  re¬ 
ported  in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings. 

Description  of  some  Fossil  Shells  from  the  Tertiary  of  the  Southern  States. 

By  M.  Tuomey,  Prof,  of  Geology,  Univ.  of  Alabama. 

The  fossils  described  iu  this  paper  are  from  a  well  known  locality  at  Wil¬ 
mington,  N.  C.  The  bed  in  which  they  were  found  is  a  coarse  calcareous  con¬ 
glomerate  resembling,  iu  mineral  composition,  the  compact  white  limestone  of 
the  Santee. 

Sir  Charles  Lyell  described  this  structure  in  the  fir3t  volume  of  the  Quar¬ 
terly  Journal  of  the  Geological  Society  of  London,  and  referred  it  to  the  Eocene. 
In  a  report  on  the  geology  of  South  Carolina  I  pointed  out  the  existence  of  one 
or  two  Cretaceous  forms — Ammonites  placenta,  Morton,  and  a  Trigonia  related 
to  T.  thoracica,  Morton,  in  the  same  bed,  together  with  Eocene  fossils. 

Some  of  the  fossils  described  are  much  larger  than  any  occurring  in  the 
Eocene,  yet  as  a  group,  no  one  acquainted  with  our  Cretaceous  and  Eocene 
fossils  could  hesitate  in  referring  them  to  the  latter.  Besides,  Sir  Charles 
Lyell  has  given  a  list,  from  this  locality,  of  several  species  found  elsewhere  in 
the  Eocene. 


1852.] 


193 


As  the  deposit  is  a  conglomerate  and  in  the  vicinity  of  cretaceous  beds,  it 
would  occur  to  any  one  that  the  presence  of  a  few  cretaceous  forms  could  be 
easily  explained  by  supposing  the  breaking  up  of  a  cretaceous  bed,  and  the 
transportation  of  its  debris  and  included  fossils  into  the  eocene  sea,  where  they 
were  entombed  with  the  molluscous  remains  of  that  period.  Nevertheless  it  is 
evident  that  the  cretaceous  shells  were  filled  at  the  same  time,  and  with  the 
same  mineral  matter  as  those  of  the  eocene  found  with  them,  for  the  casts  of 
both  are  composed  of  compact  white  limestone.  Now,  excepting  the  stratum 
on  Timber  Creek,  New  Jersey,  none  of  our  cretaceous  deposits  could  furnish 
the  mineral  matter  of  either  the  casts  of  these  shells  or  the  rock  in  which  they 
are  enclosed.  Between  the  Delaware  and  Chattahoochee  the  cretaceous  rocks 
are  made  up  of  loose,  grey,  loamy  and  silicious  strata,  without  white  creta¬ 
ceous  beds  ;  and  in  Alabama,  the  rotten  limestone,  which  is  the  prevailing  rock, 
is  entirely  different  from  the  Wilmington  bed ;  even  the  cretaceous  deposit  in 
the  vicinity,  from  which  it  might  be  supposed  these  remains  were  derived,  is 
composed  of  the  usual  dark-colored  silicious  stratum  of  green  sand.  It  would 
be  equally  difficult  to  account  for  the  presence  of  these  fossils,  by  supposing 
that  they  remained  empty  and  were  subsequently  drifted  into  the  eocene  sea, 
and  there  filled  with  sedimentary  matter  and  buried  with  the  forms  of  that 
period.  At  all  events,  after  a  careful  examination  of  the  locality,  as  well  as 
the  fossils,  I  could  satisfy  myself  only  by  supposing  the  inhabitants  of  these 
shells  to  have  lived  and  died  during  the  eocene  period,  to  have  been  cotempora- 
neous  with  the  forms  with  the  remains  of  which  they  are  buried. 

The  fossils  to  be  described  are  for  the  most  part  in  the  form  of  casts :  fre¬ 
quently,  however,  casts  of  both  the  interior  and  exterior  of  the  shells  occur, 
and  they  are  generally  so  characteristic  that  there  can  be  but  little  danger  of 
mistake,  if  even  hereafter  the  shells  themselves  should  be  found. 

1.  Trochus  nixtjs  :  large  ;  axis  very  oblique ;  whorls  5  or  6,  flat  or  slightly 
concave,  marked  by  revolving  lines  obsoletely  cancellated  ;  suture  of  the  cast 
deep,  of  the  shell  basely  impressed  ;  umbilicus  open,  deep. 

Dimen.  Spiral  angle  75°;  hr.  4;  br.  5  in. 

2.  Pyrula  ampla  :  ventricose,  ovate ;  spire  depressed ;  whorls  4,  last  one 
very  large. 

Dimen.  Spiral  angle  100°  ;  ht.  6  in.;  br.  4*5  in. 

This  fossil  is  also  found  in  the  white  limestone  of  the  Santee. 

4.  Fusus  abruptus  :  ovoid  ;  whorls  rounded,  ventricose,  the  last  one  termi¬ 
nating  abruptly  in  the  canal. 

Dimen.  Spiral  angle  70°  ;  ht.  6  in.  ;  br.  4  in. 

4.  Conus  mutilatcs  :  spire  depressed  ;  whorls  flattened ;  sides  longitudinally 
convex. 

Dimen.  Spiral  angle  101°;  ht.  2-5  in.  ;  br.  1-5  in. 

Casts  of  shell  are  abundant  at  Wilmington,  N.  C.,  and  in  the  white  limestone 
of  Alabama.  It  is  also  found  in  the  eocene  beds  on  the  Santee.  They  are 
easily  distinguished  from  the  other  eocene  species.  In  C.  gyratus ,  Morton,  the 
spire  is  more  produced  ;  whilst  in  C.  eauridens ,  Don.,  it  is  more  depressed. 
Casts  of  the  latter  have  the  spiral  whorls  in  nearly  the  same  plane. 

5.  Voluta  conoides:  conical;  spire  short;  whorls  4,  columcllar  plaits  nu¬ 
merous.  Resembles  Conus  gyratus. 

Dimen.  Spiral  angle  87°;  ht.  2  in.  ;  br.  1  in. 

6.  Trigonia  divaricata:  cast  of  left  valve,  ribs  15,  somewhat  acute,  con¬ 
verging  towards  the  posterior  margin,  arched  on  the  umbones,  divaricating  be¬ 
low.  After  the  sixth  rib  there  is  a  half  rib  intercalated. 

Dimen.  Length  2  in.;  br.  1*5  in.  ;  ht.  1  in. 

7.  T.  lcnata  :  ribs  14,  rounded,  slightly  ventricose ;  posterior  margin  cre- 
nulated. 

Dimen.  Length  1-75  in.  ;  br.  125  in.;  ht.  1  25  in. 


194 


[November, 


This  and  the  preceding  are  distinguished  from  T.  thoracica,  Morton,  by  their 
greater  length  compared  with  their  breadth,  as  well  as  by  the  more  round  ribs. 

8.  Cardita  trapezium  :  shell  rhomboidal,  cordate  ventricose,  ribs  acute, 
crossed  by  coarse  incremental  lines. 

Dimen.  Length  2-25  in.;  br.  2  in. ;  ht.  2  in. 

This  shell  differs  from  C.  alticosta,  Con.,  in  outline,  as  well  as  in  being  more 
yentricose,  and  having  less  prominent  ribs. 

9.  Cucull^e  LiEVis  :  shell  smooth  or  marked  by  increment  lines,  ribs  none  ; 
umbones  ventricose;  beaks  nearly  central;  hinge  area  wide;  plate  of  anterior 
muscular  impression  extending  from  the  beaks  to  the  margin,  wide. 

Dimen.  Length  4-25  in. ;  br.  3  5  in. 

This  fossil  can  be  distinguished  from  C.  vulgaris,  which  it  resembles,  by  the 
smooth  exterior,  and  deep  and  long  muscular  impression. 

10.  Arca  cancellata:  shell  thin,  very  inequilateral,  cancellated  by  radiating 
lines  and  approximating  transverse  lines  ;  umbones  prominent ;  beaks  close  ; 
hinge-line  slightly  curved;  posterior  margin  rounded,  compressed;  anterior 
margin  much  contracted. 

Dimen .  Length  2  5  in.;  br.  3*5  in. 


The  Committee  on  the  following  paper  by  Dr.  Woodhonse,  reported 
in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings. 


Description  of  a  new  species  of  Numineus  (Moehr.) 
By  S.  W.  Woodhouse,  M.  D. 

Numineus  occidentalis. 


Form.  In  general  form  and  color,  this  bird  is  much  like  N.  longirostris, 
Wilson.  The  color,  however,  is  much  lighter  and  more  rufous,  the  bill  short 
and  very  slender,  the  primaries  are  more  pointed  ;  their  inner  web  is  not  so 
broad.  Wings  extend  about  half  an  inch  beyond  the  tail.  Toes  short  and 
slender. 


Dimensions.  Total  length  of  skin 

Length  of  bill  along  the  ridge 
Wing  from  flexure  - 
Length  of  tarsus 
“  middle  toe 

“  naked  space  of  tibia 


Inches. 

16  3-10ths. 

4  2-10ths. 
11  5-10ths. 

2  8-10th8. 

1  3^-lOths. 
1  6-lOths. 


Color.  Feathers  of  the  top  of  the  head  have  a  broad  central  line  of  blackish 
brown,  terminating  on  their  side  by  whitish  brown  ;  neck  light  reddish  brown, 
the  shaft  of  each  feather  being  black  and  terminating  by  a  broad  blackish-brown 
spot.  Those  of  the  hind  part  of  the  neck  have  the  central  line  of  black  much 
broader.  Chin  white.  Back  black  with  irregular  markings  of  reddish  brown,  form¬ 
ing  spots ;  these,  as  they  approach  the  rump,  become  more  reddish  and  are  broader, 
having  much  the  appearance  of  bands.  Upper  tail  coverts  reddish  brown  ; 
shafts  black,  with  transverse  black  bands.  The  tail  is  slightly  rounded,  and 
consists  of  twelve  feathers  of  a  reddish  brown  color,  with  ten  transverse  black 
bands.  Under  coverts  reddish  brown.  Belly  and  thighs  light  reddish  brown. 
Sides  reddish  brown,  with  irregular  blackish  brown  zigzag  lines.  The  shaft  of 
the  first  primary  is  white  ;  the  outer  webs  of  the  first  three  are  black  ;  of  the 
fourth  slightly  mottled  with  reddish  brown ;  on  their  inner  webs  reddish, 
mixed  with  irregular  lines  of  brown  ;  the  remainder  of  the  primaries  are  reddish 
brown,  with  zigzag  transverse  bars  of  black.  The  secondaries  and  tertials  are 
more  black,  the  bands  being  confluent  in  the  middle.  Under  plumage  long 


195 


1852.] 

axillaries,  inner  wing  coverts,  bright  reddish  brown.  Bill  blackish  brown. 
Legs  and  feet  flesh  color.  A  pale  supraciliary  line  extends  from  the  base  of 
the  bill. 

Habitat.  Rio  Grande,  New  Mexico. 

Obs .  This  remarkable  species  is  closely  allied  to  the  N.  longirostris  and  N. 
Hudsonicus,  but  from  both  of  them  it  differs  very  materially.  I  procured  it  near 
Albuquerque,  on  the  Rio  Grande,  whilst  attached  to  the  Expedition,  as  Surgeon 
and  Naturalist,  under  the  command  of  Captain  L.  Sitgreaves,  Topographical 
engineer  U.  S.  army,  exploring  the  Zuni  and  the  Great  and  Little  Colorado 
rivers  of  the  west.  There  were  but  few  of  them  there  at  the  time.  They 
were  on  the  sandbars  of  the  river,  feeding  upon  worms  and  insects. 


ELECTIONS. 

Dr.  James  M.  Corse,  of  Philadelphia,  was  elected  a  Member  ;  and 
Dr.  H.  W.  Kennedy,  of  Buenos  Ayres,  and  Mr.  James  Broome  Smith, 
of  California,  were  elected  Correspondents  of  the  Academy. 


December  *Uh. 

Yice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

Letters  were  read 

From  Mr.  Dexter  Marsh,  dated  Greenfield,  Mass.  Dec.  3d,  1852, 
acknowledging  the  receipt  of  his  notice  of  election,  as  a  Correspondent. 

From  the  Librarian  of  the  Advocates’  Library,  Edinburgh,  dated  1st 
Nov.,  1852,  acknowleding  the  receipt  of  a  copy  of  Dr.  Ruschenberger’s 
Notice  of  the  Academy. 

From  the  President  of  the  “  Naturwissenchaftlichen  Yerien  in  Halle” 
dated  18th  Oct.  1852,  presenting  the  volumes  of  its  Proceedings  an¬ 
nounced  this  evening,  and  asking  an  exchange  of  publications. 

Dr.  Heermann  presented  a  paper  intended  for  publication  in  the  Jour¬ 
nal,  entitled  “  Notes  on  the  Birds  of  California,  collected  during  a  three 
years  residence  in  that  country  which  was  referred  to  Mr.  Cassin,  Dr. 
Woodhouse  and  Dr.  Wilson. 

Dr.  Charles  M.  Wetherill  read  a  paper,  intended  for  publication  in  the 
Proceedings,  entitled  “  Analyses  of  the  Cotton  Plant  and  Seed,  with 
suggestions  as  to  manures,  by  the  late  Thomas  J.  Sumner,  of  South 
Carolina ;  communicated  by  Chas.  M.  Wetherill ;”  which  was  referred  to 
Dr.  Genth,  Dr.  Le  Conte  and  Mr.  Yaux. 

Dr.  Hallowell  presented  a  paper,  intended  for  publication  in  the  Pro¬ 
ceedings,  entitled  “  On  a  new  genus,  and  two  new  species  of  Reptiles  in¬ 
habiting  North  America;”  referred  to  Dr.  Le  Conte,  Dr.  Woodhouse 
and  Dr.  Leidy. 

Dr.  Woodhouse  presented  a  paper  for  publication  in  the  Proceedings 
describing  two  new  species  of  pouched  Rats  of  the  genera  Geomys,  Raf. 
and  Perognathus,  Wied,  which  was  referred  to  a  Committee  consisting 
of  Dr.  Ruschenberger,  Dr.  Le  Conte  and  Dr.  Leidy. 


196 


[December, 

Dr.  E.  K.  Kane  announced  that  a  new  American  Expedition  was 
about  to  proceed  to  the  Arctic  Regions  in  search  of  Sir  John  Franklin. 
Dr.  Kane  made  some  remarks  explanatory  of  the  geography  of  the 
region,  and  the  plan  of  the  proposed  search. 

The  Secretary  then  read  a  letter  from  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy, 
addressed  to  Dr.  Kane,  assigning  to  him  the  conduct  of  the  Expedition. 

The  following  Resolutions  were  then  offered  and  unanimously  adopted. 

Resolved ,  That  a  Committee  be  appointed  to  confer  with  Dr.  E.  K. 
Kane  Commander  of  the  projected  Arctic  Exploring  Expedition,  and 
communicate  whatever  information  there  may  be  in  the  possession  of  the 
Academy,  relating  to  the  collection  and  preservation  of  objects  of  Natural 
History  and  to  procure  such  instruments  and  apparatus  as  may  be  neces¬ 
sary  for  this  purpose,  and  for  his  use. 

Committee : — Dr.  Ruschenberger,  Dr.  Fisher,  Mr.  W.  S.  Vaux,  Dr. 
Bridges  and  Mr.  Cassin. 


December  14  th. 

Vice  President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

Letters  were  read 

From  the  Secretary  of  the  Trustees  of  the  New  York  State  Library, 
dated  Albany,  Dec.  6th,  1852,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  the  Pro¬ 
ceedings,  vol.  6,  No.  5. 

From  Dr.  H.  W.  Kennedy,  of  Buenos  Ayres,  dated  Dec.  4th,  1852, 
acknowledging  the  receipt  of  his  notice  of  election  as  a  correspondent. 

From  the  Right  Rev.  Alonzo  Potter,  dated  Dec.  7th,  1852,  acknow¬ 
ledging  the  receipt  of  his  notice  of  election  as  a  Correspondent. 

Mr.  Conrad  presented  a  paper  intended  for  publication  in  the  Journal, 
entitled  “  Descriptions  of  New  Fossil  Shells  of  the  United  States 
which  was  referred  to  Dr.  Ruschenberger,  Dr.  Leidy  and  Mr.  Phillips. 

Mr.  Conrad  presented  a  second  paper  intended  for  publication  in  the 
Proceedings,  entitled  “  Remarks  on  the  Tertiary  Strata  of  St.  Domingo, 
and  of  Vicksburg,  Miss.”  Referred  to  the  above  Committee. 

Dr.  Woodhouse  presented  a  paper,  intended  for  publication  in  the 
Proceedings,  describing  a  new  bird,  of  the  genus  Struthus  (Boib.) 
Referred  to  Dr.  Heermann,  Mr.  Cassin  and  Dr.  Wilson. 

On  leave  granted,  Dr.  Ruschenberger,  on  behalf  of  the  Committee 
appointed  at  the  last  meeting,  on  the  subject  of  the  proposed  American 
Arctic  Expedition,  presented  the  following  Preamble  and  Resolutions, 
which  were  adopted : 

Every  manifestation  of  disposition  in  the  officers  of  the  National  and  State 
governments  to  encourage  the  pursuit  of  truth,  by  affording  facilities  to  men 
devoted  to  scientific  investigations,  is  pleasing  to  the  members  of  the  Academy 
of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia.  Aware  of  the  important  influence  of  sci¬ 
entific  researches  on  the  prosperity  and  happiness  of  the  people,  they  are  gra¬ 
tified  to  observe  that  the  recent  report  of  the  Hon.  John  P.  Kennedy,  on  the 
condition  of  the  navy,  is  in  tone  and  spirit  cheering  to  tho.e  who  are  seeking  to 


1852.] 


197 


expand  the  limits  of  human  knowledge  in  any  of  its  branches.  While  asking 
Congress  to  augment  the  means  of  instructing  young  men  for  different  depart¬ 
ments  of  the  naval  service,  he  pleads  the  cause  of  science  in  a  manner  worthy 
of  that  enlightened  judgment  which  should  characterise  all  who  participate  in 
the  direction  of  nautical  affairs.  He  announces  that  expeditions  to  Japan,  to 
the  China  Seas,  to  Africa,  to  the  interior  of  South  America,  to  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  and  to  the  Arctic  regions,  are  in  progress,  or  about  departing  to  seek 
and  peacefully  open  new  fields  of  enterprise  ;  and  while  he  incites  the  spirit  of 
hardy  adventure,  he  encourages,  to  the  extent  of  the  means  in  his  power,  care¬ 
ful  observation  and  scientific  investigation  of  natural  phenomena.  He  advocates 
explorations  which  promise  results  beneficial  to  the  agricultural,  commercial 
and  manufacturing  industries  of  the  country  ;  and  for  motives  apparently  ana¬ 
logous  to  those  which  animate  the  members  of  this  institution.  Therefore, 

Resolved ,  That  the  Corresponding  Secretary  be  directed  to  address  a  letter  to 
the  Hon.  John  P.  Kennedy,  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  expressive  of  the  gratifica¬ 
tion  the  Society  derives  from  the  disposition  he  manifests  to  encourage  men 
engaged  in  the  cultivation  of  science ;  a  disposition  more  especially  exhibited 
in  the  permission  given  to  our  fellow  member,  Dr.  E.  K.  Kane,  of  the  Navy,  to 
undertake  the  direction  and  management  of  an  expedition  to  the  north  polar 
regions,  to  ascertain  the  fate  of  Sir  John  Franklin ;  an  enterprise  sustained  by 
the  intelligent  munificence  of  Henry  Grinnell,  Esq.,  and  a  few  other  American 
gentlemen. 

Resolved ,  That  science  does  not  limit  its  benefits  and  influence  to  any  class 
or  caste  of  men  ;  being  open  and  free  to  all  alike,  it  is  republican  and  democratic 
in  its  tendency ;  and  therefore,  the  members  of  the  Academy  of  Natural 
Sciences  of  Philadelphia  may  hope  that  the  National  Legislature  will  foster  the 
several  expeditions  embracing  scientific  research,  by  granting  such  seasonable 
supplies  and  substantial  encouragement  as  may  be  worthy  of  the  most  powerful 
and  wealthy  republic  on  the  face  of  the  earth. 

Resolved ,  That  the  Corresponding  Secretary  is  hereby  instructed  to  furnish  a 
copy  of  these  resolutions  to  the  President  of  the  Senate  of  the  United  States, 
and  to  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  for  the  information  of 
Congress,  and  also  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy. 

On  leave,  granted,  Mr.  Cassin,  from  the  Committee  on  Dr.  Heer- 
mann’s  paper,  entitled  u  Notices  of  Birds  observed  in  California," 
reported  in  favor  of  publication  in  the  J ournal  of  the  Academy,  which 
was  adopted. 


December  21  st. 

Vice  President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

Mr.  Cassin  presented  a  paper  by  P.  R.  Hoy,  M.  D.,  of  Racine,  Wis¬ 
consin,  intended  for  publication  in  the  Proceedings,  describing  two 
species  of  Owls,  presumed  to  be  new,  inhabiting  the  State  of  Wisconsin 
during  the  winter  season.  Referred  to  Mr.  Cassin,  Prof.  Haldeman 
and  Dr.  Heermann. 

Mr.  Conrad  presented  a  paper  intended  for  publication  in  the  Pro¬ 
ceedings,  entitled,  “  Notes  on  Shells,  and  descriptions  of  new  species." 
Referred  to  Dr.  Ruschenberger,  Dr.  Le  Conte  and  Prof.  Haldeman. 

Dr.  Hallowell  presented  a  paper,  intended  for  publication  in  the 
Proceedings,  “  On  a  new  genus  and  two  new  species  of  African 

31 


198  [December, 

Serpents which  was  referred  to  a  Committee  consisting  of  Major 
Le  Conte,  Prof.  Haldeman  and  Dr.  Leidy. 

Dr.  G-enth  presented  a  paper,  intended  for  publication  in  the  Pro¬ 
ceedings,  entitled,  “  On  a  probably  new  Element ,  with  Iridosmene  and 
Platinum,  from  California.”  Referred  to  Prof.  Frazer,  Dr.  Le  Conte 
and  Dr.  Bridges. 

Prof.  Haldeman  stated  that  he  had  seen,  at  the  recent  agricultural  exhibition 
at  Lancaster,  Pa.,  a  pair  of  albino  specimens  of  Tamias  lysteri  (or  striata)  ;  also 
a  black  specimen  of  the  same  species;  which  would  throw  light  upon  the  varieties 
of  the  grey  squirrels,  since  it  is  more  likely  that  these  should  have  black  varie¬ 
ties  than  the  uniform  species  of  Tamias.  The  specimen  was  black  throughout, 
and  there  were  no  indications  of  the  lateral  stripes.  A  few  scattered  hairs  of 
white  might  be  observed  on  a  close  inspection.  Prof  H.  stated  further  that  he 
had  had  an  idiotic  specimen  of  Sciurus  Hudsonius,  which  had  the  actions  of 
a  human  idiot.  It  was  thus  affected  when  caught,  and  was  merely  able  to  take 
its  food,  but  incapable  of  running  or  leaping.  Its  principal  actions  were  turning 
in  a  circle  and  moving  the  head  up  and  down  continually. 


December  28th. 

Vice  President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

The  Committe  on  Mr.  Conrad’s  papers,  containing  u  Remarks  on  the 
Tertiary  Strata  of  St.  Domingo  and  Vicksburg,”  and  “  Notes  on  Shells, 
with  descriptions  of  new  species,”  reported  in  favor  of  publication  in 
the  Proceedings. 

Remarks  on  the  Tertiary  Strata  of  St.  Domingo  and  Vicksburg ,  (Miss.) 

By  T.  A.  Conrad. 

The  remarkable  group  of  fossils  which  I  discovered  at  Vicksburg,  Miss.,  in 
1845,  derives  a  new  interest  for  the  geologist  since  the  discovery  of  an  analogous 
deposit  in  St.  Domingo,  in  which  are  some  few  of  the  species  of  the  Vicksburg 
strata.  Whether  all  the  forms  of  this  group  in  St.  Domingo  are  synchronous 
remains  to  be  proved,  but  the  probability  is  that  they  are.  They  have  been 
referred  to  the  Miocene  period,  whilst  I  had  supposed  that  the  Vicksburg 
strata  were  more  intimately  related  to  those  of  the  Eocene  period.  I  founded 
this  supposition  on  the  following  data,  viz  : 

1.  No  recent  species  was  known,  or  is  yet  ascertained  to  occur  in  this 
locality. 

2.  Two  or  three  fossil  shells  of  the  Older  Eocene  of  Alabama  are  common. 

3.  No  species  is  identical  with,  and  only  two  or  three  analogous  to,  fossil 
shells  of  the  American  Miocene,  even  as  the  group  occurs  in  South  Carolina,  but 
little  north  of  the  latitude  of  Vicksburg. 

4.  The  forms  have  a  closer  analogy  with  those  of  the  European  Eocene  than 
with  any  other  group  of  fossils. 

It  might  be  supposed  that  a  more  southern  latitude  would  vary  the  Miocene 
species,  but  not  that  the  percentage  of  recent  shells  would  be  reduced  to  zero, 
nor  would  an  utterly  dissimilar  group  be  introduced.  The  only  condition  which 
would  seem  likely  to  produce  such  a  result  would  be  a  great  depth  of  water,  in 
which  the  shells  had  lived  and  died  on  the  bed  of  a  profounder  sea  than  we  have 
elsewhere  eny  evidence  of ;  but  this  is  not  probable,  because  the  presence  of  so 


1852.] 


199 


many  littoral  genera  as  Pleurotoma ,  the  species  of  which  are  very  abundant  in 
specimens,  Turritella ,  Natica,  Terebra ,  Oliva ,  and  various  others,  indicate  shallow 
water,  and  the  abundance  of  comminuted  shells  and  waterworn  specimens  attest 
the  vicinity  of  a  sea  beach. 

The  well  known  Miocene  deposits  are  remarkably  unlike  that  of  Yicksburg, 
in  the  abundance  of  large  species  of  Venus ,  Fulgur,  Perna,  and  Ponopcea ,  some  of 
which  genera,  with  their  peculiar  species  in  every  latitude,  render  the  Miocene 
period  recognizable  at  a  glance.  Indeed  it  is  singular  that  the  distinctive  cha¬ 
racter  of  this  formation  should  be  so  strongly  marked  over  an  extent  of  400 
miles  north  and  south.  Even  the  Venus  alveata ,  a  common  Maryland  fossil, 
seems  to  be  abundant  beneath  the  level  of  the  sea,  on  Sullivan’s  Island,  near 
Charleston,  and  another  Maryland  fossil,  which  I  have  named  Ecphora  4 -costata, 
(Fusus  4-costatus  of  Say,)  was  found  on  the  beach  of  St.  Simon’s  Island,  Georgia. 
Both  localities  are  south  of  the  latitude  of  Yicksburg,  the  Georgia  one  nearly  a 
degree  farther  south.  The  researches  of  Mr.  Tuomey,  in  South  Carolina,  have 
brought  to  light  at  least  26  species,  which  are  known  to  occur  as  far  north  as 
St.  Mary’s  river,  Maryland.  From  this  comparison  of  groups  it  seems  obvious 
that  the  Yicksburg  deposit  must  be  of  earlier  origin  than  the  fossiliferous  Ter¬ 
tiary  strata  of  Maryland,  Virginia,  North  and  South  Carolina,  which  seem  all 
to  be  of  one  geological  era,  though  Mr.  Tuomey  refers  those  of  South  Carolina 
to  the  Older  Pliocene  period.  Whether  the  Mississippi  formation  should  be 
termed  an  Older  Miocene  or  a  Newer  Eocene,  may  yet  be  doubtful,  but  that  it 
is  intermediate  between  the  Lower  and  Middle  Tertiary,  and  differing  widely 
from  either  in  the  period  of  its  deposition,  is  obvious. 

A  careful  exploration  of  the  St.  Domingo  locality  will  probably  clear  up  all 
doubts  on  the  subject. 

In  conclusion,  I  may  observe,  that  besides  the  Turbinella  Wilsoni  and  Onisda 
harpula ,  the  Cassidaria  laevigata ,  Forbes,  is  identical  with  my  C.  lintea ,  thu3 
giving  three  species  common  to  the  Yicksburg  and  St.  Domingo  groups. 


Notes  on  Shells ,  with  Descriptions  of  new  Species. 

By  T.  A.  Conrad. 

Cryptodon,  Con. 

The  name  of  this  genus,  founded  on  Mya  cancellata ,  having  been  previously 
applied  by  Turton  to  another  group  of  bivalves,  and  now  adopted  by  some 
conchologists,  it  is  necessary  to  change  it,  and  I  therefore  propose 

SCHIZOTH^ERUS, 

in  allusion  to  the  profound  channel  which  indents  the  hinge  of  both  sides  of 
the  cardinal  teeth. 

SCHIZOTH-SBRUS  Nuttallii. 

Cryptodon  Nuttallii ,  Con.,  Journ.  A.  N.  S.  vol.  7,  p.  325,  pi.  18,  fig.  1. 

Unio. 

Unio  Mortoni,  Con.,  Dec.  1835. 

U.  turgidus1  Lea,  1837. 

Mr.  Lea’s  description  of  this  species  was  read  at  a  meeting  of  the  Philosophi¬ 
cal  Society  in  Dec.  1834,  but  not  published  before  1837. 

Miocene  species  ? 

OSTREA. 

Ostrea  Titan.  Elliptical  or  oblong ;  extremity  thick  and  ponderous,  contracted 
towards  the  hinge ;  ligament  cavity  profound ;  upper  valve  slightly  arched ; 
surface  coarsely  marked.  Length  10i  inches. 


200 


[December, 


Locality.  San  Luis  Obispo,  California. 

This  huge  species  is  imbedded  in  friable  limestone  which  contains  abundance 
of  silicious  sand  rounded  by  attrition.  No  other  fossil  can  be  detected  in  the 
portions  of  limestone  which  accompany  the  specimens. 

Cretaceous  Species. 

Pholas. 

Pholas  pectorosa.  Ovate-cuneate ;  anteriorly  inflated,  contracted  in  the 
middle ;  posterior  side  cuneiform  ;  disk  with  radiating  ribs,  largest  anteriorly, 
and  interrupted  by  concentric  furrows ;  anterior  side  very  short,  margin  ob¬ 
tusely  rounded  or  subtruncated ;  basal  margin  rounded  anteriorly,  contracted 
medially,  straight  posteriorly. 

Locality.  Tinton  Falls,  Monmouth  Co.,  N.  J. 

This  rare  species  was  found  by  the  late  Lardner  Vanuxem.  It  is  a  cast,  on 
the  right  valve  of  which  an  impressed  line  runs  obliquely  from  the  apex,  while 
on  the  opposite  valve  there  is  a  corresponding  furrow,  and  the  three  ribs  nearest 
the  posterior  end  are  more  remote  from  each  other,  than  in  the  right  valve. 

Inoceramus,  Sow. 

Inoceramus  Senseni. 

Rounded;  both  valves  profoundly  curved;  beaks  involute,  the  volutions  of 
the  larger  valve,  3,  contiguous  in  both  valves.  Length  If  inches  ;  width  If  in. 

Locality.  Missouri  river,  Nebraska.  Mr.  Senseny. 

Inoceramus  perovalis.  Oval,  convex,  slightly  oblique ;  beaks  medial,  both 
dorsal  margins  equally  declining;  basal  margin  acutely  rounded:  surface 
with  obsolete  concentric  undulations.  Height  about  If  inches;  length  less 
than  the  height. 

Locality.  Chesapeake  and  Delaware  Canal.  Mr.  Vanuxem. 


The  Committee  on  papers  by  Dr.  Woodhouse — namely,  “  Descrip¬ 
tion  of  two  new  species  of  Pouched  Rats,”  and  “  Description  of  a  new 
species  of  Struthus,”  reported  in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Pro¬ 
ceedings. 

Description  of  a  New  Species  of  Pouched  Rat ,  of  the  Genus  Perogna- 

thus,  Wied. 

By  S.  W.  W.  Woodhouse,  M.  D. 

Perognathus  penecillatus. 

Characters.  Above  yellowish  brown,  beneath  white,  tail  longer  than  the 
head  and  body,  penecillate,  with  bright  brown  hair. 

Form.  Head  of  moderate  size,  not  easily  distinguished  from  the  neck ; 
incisors  small  and  partially  exposed,  upper  ones  sulcate  in  the  middle.  Nose 
small  and  rather  pointed,  extending  some  distance  beyond  the  incisors  ;  whiskers 
light  brown,  irregularly  mixed  with  black;  eyes  dark  brown,  and  of  moderate 
size;  ears  nearly  round  and  moderate,  almost  naked  anteriorly  and  covered 
posteriorly  with  fine  brown  fur;  the  tragus  and  antitragus  are  quite  prominent. 
The  external  meatus  is  protected  by  a  tuft  of  short  black  bristles  extending 
across  the  ear.  Tail  about  one  and  a  quarter  inches  longer  than  the  head  and 
body,  round,  gradually  tapering,  and  covered  with  hair;  on  the  superior  and 
middle  portion  commences  a  row  of  long  silky  hairs,  which  gradually  increase 
in  width  until  they  form  a  tuft  at  the  end.  Fore  legs  short,  feet  small,  with 
four  well  developed  toes  and  a  short  thumb,  which  is  armed  with  a  nail ; 
palms  naked.  Hind  legs  and  feet  long,  having  five  toes,  terminated  by  nails. 
Feet  and  toes  covered  with  short  fine  fur  ;  soles  naked.  The  fur  longer  on  the 
back  than  on  the  belly;  it  is  thick,  soft  and  silky. 


201 


1852.] 


Color.  Incisors  yellow,  top  of  head  and  back  dark  yellowish  brown,  lighter 
on  the  sides  ;  fur  at  base  light  ash  color.  Throat,  belly,  vent,  fore  legs  and 
inner  portions  of  thighs  white.  The  white  commences  at  the  nostrils,  and 
forms  a  well  marked  line  to  the  thighs,  and  extending  down  to  the  heel,  leaving 
the  front  of  thigh  white,  the  remainder  and  outer  portion  light  yellowish  brown  ; 
feet  white.  Under  portion  of  tail  white,  above  dark  brown  ;  the  long  hair  of 
the  tail  is  a  rich  brown. 


Dimensions. 


Total  length  from  tip  of  nose  to  root  of  tail 
“  “  of  tail  vertebra  - 

“  “  of  ear  anterior  - 

“  “  of  whiskers  - 

“  “  os  calcis,  middle  toe  nail 

Distance  from  anterior  angle  of  orbit  to  tip  of 


Inches. 

-  3  5-10tbs. 

-  3  7-lOths. 

3-10ths. 

-  1  7-10ths. 

-  1. 

nose  6^-10ths. 


Habitat.  New  Mexico,  west  of  Rio  Grande. 

Obs.  Of  the  habits  of  this  animal  I  know  but  little.  The  specimen  in  my 
possession  is  a  male,  and  was  procured  in  the  San  Francisco  Mountain,  New 
Mexico. 


Description  of  a  New  Species  of  Pouched  Rat  of  the  Genus  Geomys,  Raf. 

By  S.  W.  Woodhouse,  M.  D. 

Geomys  fulyus. 

Characters.  Light  reddish  brown  above,  beneath  whitish.  Ears  small, 
round,  and  covered  with  thick  short  black  fur.  Tail  long  in  proportion  when 
compared  with  others  of  this  genus. 

Description.  Head  large,  nose  broad,  covered  with  short  thick  fur,  with  the 
exception  of  a  small  space  at  tip  and  the  margins  of  the  nostrils,  which  are 
naked.  The  nose  extends  a  short  distance  beyond  the  plane  of  the  incisors. 
The  incisors  are  exserted,  with  three  convex  smooth  sides,  the  exterior  broadest, 
and  of  a  yellowish  color ;  their  cutting  edges  are  teven.  The  upper  incisors 
extend  downwards  and  inwards  ;  the  under  ones  are  one-third  longer  than  the 
upper,  and  slightly  narrower.  Ears  small  and  round,  covered  with  short  thick 
black  fur  externally.  Eyes  larger  than  is  common  in  this  genus.  Tail  round, 
thick  at  base,  and  gradually  tapering.  The  fore  claws  are  long,  compressed, 
slightly  curved  and  pointed.  The  claw  on  the  middle  toe  is  the  longest,  the 
fifth  is  the  shortest,  and  that  of  the  thamb  resembles  much  the  claw  of  the 
fourth  toe  of  the  hind  foot,  both  as  regards  size  and  shape.  The  toes  on  the 
hind  feet  are  a  little  longer  and  more  slender  than  those  of  the  fore  feet ;  the 
nails  short,  somewhat  conical  and  excavated  underneath. 

Color.  Head,  cheeks,  back  and  sides  bright  reddish  brown,  being  darker  on 
the  top  of  the  head  and  back.  The  breast,  vent,  feet,  inner  portion  of  legs  and 
thighs  white,  slightly  inclining  to  ash  ;  abdomen  very  light  reddish  brown  ;  for  at 
base  dark  ash  color  above,  beneath  light  ash.  Edges  of  cheek  pouches  encircled 
with  rufous  ;  the  long  hair  of  the  back  extends  about  one  third  the  length  of  the 
tail.  The  tail  is  covered  with  short  white  silky  hairs,  terminating  in  a  small 
tuft.  The  fore  feet  above  are  covered  with  short  white  hair  ;  the  toes  on  their 
inner  side  have  a  row  of  long  white  hairs  ;  palms  naked.  Claws  are  opaque, 
white  for  half  their  extent,  the  other  half  transparent;  there  is  a  small  oblong 
reddish  brown  spot  in  the  centre  of  each.  The  hind  feet  are  covered  above  with 
white  hairs,  soles  naked.  The  lips,  on  their  inner  side,  are  covered  with  short 
fine  white  hair,  with  a  band  of  short  fine  black  fur  encircling  the  mouth. 
Whiskers  silvery  white. 


202 


[December, 


Inches. 


j Dimensions.  Total  length  from  tip  of  nose  to  root  of  tail 

5. 

tt 

« 

of  tail  vertebra  - 

1 

3-10ths. 

n 

n 

from  anterior  angle  of  eye  to  tip  of  nose 

7-10ths. 

u 

ti 

from  tip  of  nose  to  auditory  opening 

1 

lJ-lOths. 

u 

u 

of  os  calcis  including  middle  toe  and 

claw  - 

1 

l-10th. 

it 

ii 

from  elbow  to  end  of  middle  hind 

claw  -  -  - 

1 

8-10ths. 

u 

ti 

of  middle  fore  claw  - 

4-10ths. 

ll 

it 

of  hind  claw  - 

2t-10ths. 

ll 

ii 

of  fur  on  back  - 

2|-I0ths. 

ll 

n 

of  whiskers,  about  - 

1 

in. 

Habitat.  New  Mexico,  west  of  Rio  Grande. 

Obs.  The  specimen  in  my  collection  was  procured  near  the  San  Francisco 
Mountain,  New  Mexico,  where  they  were  quite  abundant. 

These  Pouched  Rats  of  the  genus  Perognathus  and  Geomys  I  procured  whilst 
attached  as  Surgeon  and  Naturalist  to  the  party  under  command  of  Capt.  Sit  - 
greaves,  U.  S.  Army,  exploring  at  Zuni,  and  Little  and  Great  Colorado  Rivers 
of  the  west. 


Description  of  a  new  Snow  Finch  of  the  genus  Struthus,  Boie. 


By  S.  W.  Woodhouse,  M.  D. 
Struthus  caniceps. 


Form.  Bill  longer  and  more  gradually  tapering  than  in  S.  oregonus.  Wings 
rounded ;  first  quill  shortest ;  second,  third  and  fourth  nearly  equal ;  third 
slightly  longest.  Tail  long  and  slightly  emarginate.  Tarsus  long  and  slender. 

Colors.  Head  above,  back  of  neck,  and  cheeks  dark  gray;  throat,  breast, 
and  sides  lighter  grey;  abdomen,  vent,  and  under  tail  coverts  inclining  to  white. 
Upper  mandible  dark  brown,  almost  black;  space  between  the  eye  and  base  of 
bill  black.  Back  bright  reddish  brown ;  rump  and  upper  tail  coverts  dark  grey. 
Tail  dark  brownish  black,  with  the  lateral  feathers  in  some  specimens  entirely 
white,  and  with  others  having  large  spots  of  white  on  their  inner  webs.  In  one 
of  the  specimens  which  I  have  seen,  all  of  the  three  lateral  feathers  are  mottled. 
Wings,  with  the  primaries  dark  brown,  aud  their  outer  margin  narrowly  edged 
with  yellowish  white.  The  secondaries  with  their  inner  webs  dark  brown,  and 
their  outer  light  reddish  brown  ;  scapular  and  lesser  wing  coverts  light  reddish 
brown.  Tarsi  and  feet  flesh  color  ;  nails  brownish. 


Dimensions. 


Total  length  of  skin  from  the  tip  of  bill  to  end  of  tail, 
“  of  bill  along  the  ridge  - 

“  of  wing  from  flexure  - 

“  of  tarsus  ------ 

“  of  tail . 


Inches. 

6  2-lOtbs. 

4f-10ths. 
3  H-lOths. 

8j-10lhs. 
3  l-10th. 


The  female  has  the  feet  and  bill  colored  like  the  male  ;  the  general  plumage 
is  darker  and  not  so  bright.  The  head  is  ashy  brown,  back  dark  reddish  brown  ; 
secondaries  dark  brown,  with  a  slight  reddish  brown  margin  on  the  outer  webs. 
Scapular  feathers  and^lesser  wing  coverts  greyish  brown  ;  the  measurements 
differ  but  little  from  those  of  the  male,  being  slightly  smaller. 

Habitat.  Western  Texas  and  New  Mexico. 

Obs.  My  attention  was  first  called  to  this  bird  by  my  friend  Mr.  John  Cassin, 
who  very  kindly  suggested  an  examination  of  several  specimens  of  mine  in  the 
collection  of  the  Academy  in  connection  with  another  in  his  possession,  and  a 
female  in  the  collection,  made  by  me  when  attached  to  the  Exploring  party  under 
the  command  of  Capt.  Sitgreaves,  Topographical  Engineer.  U.  S.  Army,  in  the 


1852.] 


203 


San  Francisco  Mountain,  New  Mexico.  One  of  the  specimens  in  the  collection 
of  the  Academy  is  from  Mexico,  the  others  are  from  Texas.  My  specimen  is 
from  New  Mexico.  When  obtained  it  was  feeding  in  company  with  S.  oregonus 
and  various  species  of  Parus,  and  it  appeared  very  similar  to  the  former  and 
the  common  snow  bird  (S.  hyemalis)  in  its  habits. 


The  Committee  on  the  following  papers  by  Dr.  Hallowell — namely, 
“Oa  a  new  Genus  and  two  new  Species  of  African  Serpents/'  and 
“  On  a  new  Genus  and  new  Species  of  Reptiles,  inhabiting  North 
America/'  reported  in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings  : 

On  a  new  Genus  and  two  new  species  of  African  Serpents . 

By  Edward  Hallowell,  M.  D. 

Dinophis  Hallowell. 

Gen.  Char. — Form,  that  of  a  tree  snake ;  perforated  fangs  in  the  anterior  part 
of  the  upper  jaw,  immovable;  several  of  the  anterior  teeth  of  the  lower  jaw 
longer  than  the  others  ;  but  two  rows  of  teeth  in  the  upper  jaw,  the  exterior  row 
not  existing;  two  rows  in  the  lower  jaw,  quite  short;  no  loral  plate;  4  poste¬ 
rior,*  3  anterior  orbital  plates ;  tail  long,  sub-caudal  scales  bifid. 

Dinophis  Hammondii. 

Sp.  Char. — Head  olive  color  above,  superior  labials  bordered  with  black ; 
body  above  and  upon  sides  green ;  total  length  about  six  feet ;  thirteen  rows  of 
long  and  smooth  scales.  Abdom.  scuta  127.  Sub-caud.  116. 

Description. — The  head  is  long,  rounded  and  narrow  in  front,  covered  above 
with  nine  plates ;  the  upper  surface  in  front  of  the  orbit  is  flattened ;  between 
the  orbit  it  is  convex,  and  also,  but  to  a  less  extent,  upon  the  occiput ;  the  ros¬ 
tral  is  large,  heptagonal,  much  broader  below  than  above,  excavated  inferiorly, 
rounded  in  front ;  the  anterior  frontal  are  much  smaller  than  the  posterior,  and 
are  more  or  less  quadrilateral  in  shape ;  the  posterior  frontal  are  very  large, 
irregularly  quadrilateral ;  they  are  prolonged  externally  upon  the  sides  of  the 
head,  passing  downward  between  the  posterior  nasal  and  the  two  superior  ant- 
ocular  plates ;  the  vertical  plate  is  short,  very  broad  anteriorly ;  the  supra¬ 
orbital  are  also  short,  projecting  very  slightly  over  the  eye,  narrow  in  front, 
broad  behind ;  the  occipital  are  very  large  and  pentangular,  much  larger  than 
broad ;  there  are  two  nasal  plates  of  nearly  equal  size,  the  anterior  somewhat 
larger,  with  the  nostrals  between  them ;  the  external  openings  for  the  latter  are 
quite  large ;  there  is  no  loral  plate ;  there  are  three  antocular  and  four  poste¬ 
rior-oculars  ;  the  superior  antocular  is  the  largest  of  the  three ;  it  is  prolonged 
superiorly,  so  as  to  form  a  part  of  the  upper  surface  of  the  head,  entering  in  be¬ 
tween  the  posterior  frontal  and  the  vertical  and  supra-orbital  plates  ;  the  inferior 
antocular  is  small  and  quadrilateral,  the  middle  long  and  slender ;  there  are  eight 
plates  upon  the  margin  of  the  upper  jaw ;  of  these  the  seventh  is  the  largest,  and 
is  remarkable  for  its  unusual  form  ;  its  superior  margin  is  nearly  straight,  its  pos¬ 
terior  and  inferior  very  much  curved ;  the  plate  on  the  leftside  in  the  specimen 
examined  differs  considerably  from  that  on  the  right,  being  more  prolonged,  and 
also  truncated  posteriorly ;  the  fourth  labial  plate  forms  part  of  the  inferior 
margin  of  the  orbit,  the  remainder  being  completed  by  the  inferior,  anterior, 
and  posterior  oculars ;  there  is  a  long,  triangular,  temporal  plate  occupying 
the  space  between  the  occipital  and  the  seventh  superior  labial ;  the  eyes  are 
of  moderate  size,  slightly  projecting ;  there  are  but  two  rows  of  teeth  in  the 
upper  jaw,  one  on  each  side,  and  two  in  the  lower ;  in  the  front  part  of  the 


*  In  one  of  the  specimens  there  are  but  three  posterior  oculars. 


204 


[December, 


upper  jaw,  immediately  below  the  nostril,  on  each  side  of  the  head,  is  a  curved 
and  perforated  immovable  fang  about  three  lines  in  length  ;  there  is  no  pit  be¬ 
tween  the  eye  and  the  nostril,  and  this  space  is  not  channelled  as  in  L.  gracilis 
and  Kirtlandii ;  several  of  the  anterior  teeth  in  the  lower  jaw  are  much  larger 
than  the  others ;  the  longest  is  slender  and  deeply  fissured  anteriorly.  The  neck 
is  contracted,  the  body  long,  thicker  about  the  middle,  covered  above  with  long 
and  smooth  quadrangular  scales,  arranged  in  thirteen  rows ;  the  scales  nearest 
the  abdomen  are  shorter  than  the  others ;  the  tail  is  quite  long,  covered  above 
with  four  rows  of  short  hexagonal  scales,  with  margins  more  or  less  rounded 
posteriorly ;  the  plates  upon  the  under  part  of  the  tail  are  bifid. 

Color. — Head  olive  colored  above,  lighter  upon  the  sides ;  the  posterior  margins 
of  the  labial  plates  black;  posterior  margin  of  inferior  labials  also  black;  neck, 
upper  part  and  side  of  body  green,  the  scales  upon  the  posterior  part  of  the 
body  bordered  with  black  ;  abdomen  greenish,  without  spots  or  blotches ;  tail 
greenish  olive,  many  of  the  scales  bordered  with  black. 

Dimensions. — Length  of  head  1  inch  4  lines  ;  greatest  breadth  9  lines  ;  length 
of  the  body  3  ft.  11  inch.  lines;  length  of  tail  1  ft.  5  inch.  7  lines;  total 
lenth  5  ft.  7  inch.  2  lines ;  greatest  circumference  2  inch.  8  lines. 

I  have  named  this  serpent  after  my  friend  Ogden  Hammond,  Esq.,  of  Charles¬ 
ton,  S.  Carolina. 

Dimensions  of  a  larger  specimen. — Length  of  head  1  inch  6  lines ;  greatest 
breadth  11  lines;  breadth  between  the  orbits  posteriorly  9  lines;  length  of 
body  4  ft.  6£  inches ;  of  tail  1  ft.  5  inch.  9  lines ;  total  length  6  ft.  1  in.  9^  lines  ; 
greatest  circumference  3  inches.  Abdom.  scuta  225;  112  pairs  of  subcaudal 
plates. 

Habitat. — Liberia,  W.  Africa :  Two  specimens  in  the  Museum  of  the  Academy, 
presented  by  Dr.  Goheen. 

Remarks. — The  dentition  of  this  animal  is  very  remarkable,  no  serpent  with 
which  I  am  acquainted  having  a  single  immovable  perforated  fang  on  each  side 
of  the  anterior  portion  of  the  upper  jaw.  It  is  well  known  to  Herpetologists 
that,  although  in  Yipera,  Naja,  and  other  genera  of  venomous  snakes,  the  exte¬ 
rior  row  of  teeth  is  wanting ;  the  poisonous  fangs  in  certain  serpents  have  behind 
them  a  number  of  smaller  grooved  teeth.  This  condition  exists,  according  to 
Prof.  Owen,  in  all  the  family  of  marine  serpents,  four  such  being  found  in  Hy- 
drophis  striata,  and  five  in  Hydrophis  schistosa.  This  is  the  case  also  in  Bun- 
garus,  a  land  serpent,  and  in  Hamadryas,  a  genus  of  poisonous  tree  snakes*  in 
India,  established  by  Dr.  Cantor.f  In  our  own  venomous  serpents,  Elaps,  Tri- 
gonocephalus  and  Crotalus,  the  exterior  row  of  teeth  is  wanting.  In  this  re¬ 
spect  they  resemble  Dinophis,  but  the  fang  in  the  latter  genus  is,  as  above 
stated,  quite  immovable.  In  one  of  the  specimens  a  movable  perforated  fang 
was  observed  on  the  right  side  behind  the  other  immovable  one. 

Dr.  Edward  Whitaker  Gray,  in  the  Philosophical  Transactions  of  London  for 
1789,  makes  some  interesting  observations  on  the  “class  of  animals  called  by 
Linnaeus,  amphibia ;  particularly  on  the  means  of  distinguishing  those  serpents 
which  are  venomous  from  those  which  are  not  so.”  He  arrives  at  the  conclusion 
that  the  only  mode  of  distinguishing  a  venomous  from  a  non- venomous  serpent 
is  by  an  examination  of  their  teeth  ;  the  tail,  which  is  usually  short  in  the 
venomous  species,  being  sometimes  short  in  the  innocuous.  This  is  the  case 
in  Pityophis  affinis,  and  melanoleucus,  both  harmless  serpents,  with  very 
short  tails.  Serpents  whose  appearance  indicates  inoffensiveness  are  notunfre- 
quently  very  dangerous,  as  in  the  instance  above  cited,  and  in  that  of  the  genus 
Sepedon  of  Merrem,  and  Distichurus  maculatus,  which  is  quite  small,  and  resem¬ 
bles  in  its  general  appearance  an  ordinary  Coluber,  but  is  provided  with  a  small 
isolated  fang  on  each  side  of  the  upper  jaw.  One  of  these,  I  have  been  informed, 


*  These  poisonous  tree  snakes  are  probably  more  numerous  in  the  East  than 
is  generally  supposed.  Dr.  Ruschenberger  informs  me  that  in  Siam  he  observed 
a  large  green  tree  snake,  which  was  said  by  the  natives  to  be  very  venomous, 
f  Proceedings  of  the  Zoological  Society  of  London,  1838,  p.  72. 


1852.] 


205 


killed  a  black  -woman  in  Western  Africa,  death  ensuing  a  short  time  after  the 
bite ;  so  that,  as  a  general  rule,  it  is  best  for  travellers  to  avoid  all  serpents,  un¬ 
less  they  be  naturalists  and  well  acquainted  with  their  structure  and  habits.  In 
Bucephalus,  a  genus  established  by  Dr.  Andrew  Smith,  found  in  S.  Africa,  the 
posterior  teeth  are  larger  than  the  rest,  and  grooved  upon  their  anterior  and 
convex  surface,  as  is  the  case  also  in  Dryophis  and  Dipsas.  Bucephalus,  accord¬ 
ing  to  Dr.  Smith,  has  six  rows  of  teeth  in  the  upper  jaw,  which  is  very  re¬ 
markable,  most  serpents  having  but  four.  In  vol.  iv.  p.  39  of  the  Proceed¬ 
ings  of  the  Academy,  mention  is  made  by  Dr.  Savage  of  a  wood  sawyer  having 
been  bitten  by  a  green  serpent,  while  in  the  act  of  preparing  a  log  for  the  saw — 
probably  one  of  the  species  above  described.  The  wound  was  in  the  foot,  which 
was  swollen,  as  was  also  the  leg  as  high  as  the  knee.  Strong  rum  and  Sulph.  of 
Morphia  were  administered,  and  a  free  incision  was  made  over  the  wound.  Pas¬ 
sive  hemorrhage  ensuing,  the  vessels  were  taken  up  and  tied;  the  whole  limb 
up  to  the  groin  became  enormously  swollen  ;  a  bad  sore  followed  the  incision, 
and  the  cuticle  of  the  limb  to  a  great  extent  came  off.  He  recovered  at  the  end 
of  three  weeks. 

DENDROPHIS,  Boie. 

Dendrophis  flavigularis. 

Sp.  Char.  Head  dark  brown  above,  lighter  upon  the  sides  ;  body  and  tail  jet 
black;  thirteen  rows  of  scales;  total  length  6  ft.  3  in.  10  lines.  Abdominal 
scuta  207  ;  sub-caudal  146. 

Description.  The  head  presents  the  form  of  a  triangle  truncated  anteriorly, 
depressed  above  posteriorly ;  rostral  plate  pentangular,  broader  below  than 
above,  rounded  in  front ;  there  are  two  nasal  plates  with  the  nostrils  between 
them ;  the  anterior  nasal  is  very  large  ;  there  is  a  loral  plate,  also 
large  and  more  or  less  quadrangular  in  shape ;  there  is  but  one  ant-ocular, 
which  is  broad  above,  its  upper  surface  extending  inward  between  the  posterior 
frontal  and  the  supra-ocular ;  there  are  three  post-oculars,  the  two  upper 
of  nearly  equal  size,  the  inferior  long  and  slender ;  there  are  two  anterior  and 
two  posterior  frontals,  the  posterior  rather  larger  than  the  anterior ;  the 
vertical  is  pentagonal,  much  broader  anteriorly;  the  supra-oculars  are 
large,  broad  behind,  narrow  in  front;  the  occipitals  are  broad  and  short, 
their  transverse  diameter  being  equal  to  their  length  ;  there  are  two  temporal 
plates  behind  the  posterior  ocular,  the  posterior  much  larger  than  the  anterior; 
there  are  eight  superior  labials,  the  fourth  and  fifth  forming  part  of  the  orbit, 
the  sixth  and  seventh  are  the  largest ;  the  eyes  are  very  large ;  there  are  four 
rows  of  teeth  in  the  upper  jaw  ;  nine  plates  margin  the  lower  jaw  on  each  side  ; 
the  neck  is  contracted  ;  the  body  long  and  slender,  thicker  in  the  middle,  covered 
above  with  long  andliarrow  carinated  scales  ;  those  nearest  the  abdomen  are 
shorter  and  broader  than  the  rest ;  tail  covered  with  smooth  imbricated  scales, 
broader  than  long. 

Color.  Dark  brown  upon  the  upper  part  of  the  head,  and  upon  the  temples  ; 
lighter  upon  the  sides ;  chin  and  throat  yellowish  white  ;  neck  yellowish  white, 
spotted  with  black ;  body  and  tail  jet  black  ;  lighter  upon  the  abdomen. 

Dimensions.  Length  of  head  1  inch  4  lines  ;  greatest  breadth  6J  lines  ;  length 
of  body  3  ft.  5  in.  21  lines  ;  length  of  tail  1  ft.  6  in.  8  lines;  greatest  circum¬ 
ference  2f  inches. 

Habitat.  Liberia,  Western  Africa. 

A  specimen  in  the  Museum  of  the  Academy,  presented  by  Dr.  Henry  A.  Ford. 

Remarks.  The  animal  above  described  has  a  general  resemblance  to  the 
Bucephalus  capensis  of  Dr.  Andrew  Smith,  and  is  of  about  the  same  length, 
but  differs  in  color.  Bucephalus  capensis,  according  to  Dr.  Smith,  has  six  rows 
of  teeth. 


82 


206  [December, 

On  a  New  Genus  and  three  New  Species  of  Reptiles  inhabiting  North  America. 

By  Edward  Hallowell,  M.  D. 

LAMPROSAURUS,  Hallowell. 

Gen.  Char.  Head  conical,  pointed,  rostral  vertical,  the  supra-nasals  on  each 
side  contiguous ;  internasal  large ;  nostrils  between  two  nasal  plates ;  two 
fronto-parietals ;  tympanum  depressed  ;  a  few  small  scales  in  front  of  the  ear  ; 
no  gular  fold;  body  and  extremities  slender;  toes  5-5;  scales  smooth  and 
shining,  similar  upon  back  and  abdomen,  rounded  posteriorly  ;  preanal  scales 
large  ;  no  femoral  pores  ;  no  palatine  or  sphenoidal  teeth  ;  body  and  extremities 
slender. 

Lamprosaurus  guttulatus. 

Sp.  Char.  Body  and  upper  surface  of  extremities  black ;  a  row  of  seven  or 
eight  white  spots  along  the  margin  of  the  upper  jaw  ;  a  row  of  white  spots 
along  the  inferior  margin  of  the  supra-orbitar  plates,  continuous  with  which 
is  a  white  spot  upon  the  fronto-nasal,  and  another  upon  the  parietal  plates ; 
the  rest  of  the  upper  surface,  sides  and  front  part  of  the  head,  are  jet  black, 
with  the  exception  of  a  small  white  spot  along  the  upper  margin  of  the  third 
supra-orbitar,  and  one  which  is  indistinct  upon  the  freno-nasal  plate  ;  chin  black ; 
throat,  abdomen  and  under  surface  of  extremities  iron  grey,  with  a  shining 
lustre.  Total  length  2  inches  6  lines. 

Description.  The  head  is  elongated,  conical  and  pointed,  rounded  above  and 
in  front ;  the  rostral  plate  is  vertical,  pentangular,  not  grooved  inferiorly,  a  little 
larger,  apparently,  in  the  vertical  direction  than  transversely ;  there  are  two 
nasal  plates,  with  the  nostril  between  them  ;  there  are  two  supero-nasals,  one  on 
each  side,  contiguous,  rhomboidal ;  the  internasal  is  large,  in  contact  laterally 
with  the  supero-nasal  and  the  freno-nasal  plate;  in  front  with  the  supero-nasal, 
posteriorly  with  the  fronto-nasal ;  the  fronto-nasal  are  pentagonal,  larger  than 
the  supero-nasal,  their  internal  angle  prolonged  ;  they  are  in  contact  anteriorly 
with  the  inter-nasal  and  the  freno-nasal ;  laterally  with  the  freno-orbitar  and  the 
anterior  supra-orbitar ;  posteriorly  with  the  frontal ;  the  frontal  plate  is  long 
and  hexagonal,  broader  in  front,  excavated  laterally ;  the  fronto-parietal  are 
large  and  quadrilateral,  larger  than  the  fronto-nasal ;  the  inner-parietal  is  broad 
and  rather  short,  rounded  posteriorly,  the  anterior  angle  passing  in  between  the 
fronto-parietals ;  the  parietals  are  large  ;  there  are  five  supra-orbitar  plates,  the 
third  the  largest ;  there  are  seven  superior  labials  on  one  side  and  eight  on  the 
other,  the  last  the  largest;  body  and  extremities  slender;  tail,  according  to  Dr. 
Hammond,  nearly  as  long  as  the  body  (mutilated  in  the  specimen ;)  fourth  toe 
much  longer  than  the  third,  and  stouter ;  third  and  fourth  fingers  of  nearly  equal 
length  ;  body  covered  above  with  smooth  imbricated  scales,  broad  and  rounded 
posteriorly  ;  the  scales  upon  the  abdomen  are  similar  to  those  upon  the  back  : 
no  femoral  or  anal  pores ;  chin,  throat  and  extremities  covered  with  smooth 
imbricated  scales. 

Color.  Body  and  upper  surface  of  extremities  black ;  a  row  of  seven  or  eight 
white  spots  along  the  margin  of  the  upper  jaw  ;  a  row  of  white  spots  along  the 
superior  margin  of  the  supra-orbitar  plates,  continuous  with  which  is  a 
white  spot  upon  the  fronto-nasal,  and  another  upon  the  parietal  ;  the  rest 
of  the  upper  surface,  sides  and  front  part  of  the  head  is  jet  black,  with  the 
exception  of  a  small  white  spot  along  the  upper  margin  of  the  third  supra- 
orbitar,  and  one,  which  is  indistinct,  upon  the  freno-nasal;  chin  black; 
throat,  abdomen  and  under  surface  of  extremities  iron  grey,  with  a  shining 
lustre. 

Dimensions.  Length  of  head  4  lines  ;  greatest  breadth  2\  lines ;  length  of 
neck  and  body  1  inch;  of  anterior  extremity  7  lines;  of  posterior  the  same: 
of  tail  about  1  inch  2  lines. 

Habitat.  New  Mexico,  Fort  Fillmore,  below  the  Jornada  del  Muerte  ;  found, 
also,  at  El  Paso :  rare,  Dr.  Hammond  having  seen  but  two  specimens. 


1852.]  207 

The  specimen  above  described  was  found  by  Dr.  G.  F.  Hammond,  and  pre¬ 
sented  by  him  to  the  Academy. 

CROTAPHYTUS,  Holbrook. 

Crotaphytus  fasciatus. 

Sp.  Char.  Head  of  moderate  size,  triangular,  slightly  swollen  at  the  temples  ; 
body  slender  ;  anterior  extremities  idem  ;  tail  nearly  three  times  as  long  as  the 
body  (including  neck  and  extending  to  vent ;)  body  covered  with  small  granu¬ 
lations,  ash  colored,  with  seven  or  eight  narrow  transverse  bands  upon  the  back 
of  the  color  of  vermilion  ;  bands  of  a  similar  color  upon  the  tail ;  legs  banded  ; 
abdomen  covered  with  quadrangular  scales  :  flesh-colored  ;  femoral  pores  in  the 
male  very  distinct. 

Description.  The  head  is  subtriangular,  rounded  in  front,  slightly  swollen  at 
the  temples,  covered  above  with  polygonal  tubercles,  larger  anteriorly  ;  a  row 
considerably  larger  than  the  rest  runs  along  the  middle  line  of  the  front  part  of 
the  head,  midway  between  the  nostrils ;  these  tubercles  are  much  smaller  and 
of  more  uniform  size  upon  the  temples  ;  they  are  also  small  over  the  orbits ;  the 
occipital  plate  is  of  moderate  size,  and  rather  indistinct ;  the  supraciliary  ridges 
are  well  developed ;  the  external  margin  of  the  eyelid  is  bordered  with  a  row 
of  quadrangular  scales,  external  to  which  is  another  row  upon  the  lower  lid, 
with  pointed  extremities,  presenting  a  well-marked  denticulation ;  the  lids  are 
covered  with  minute  granulations ;  the  nostrils  are  large,  oval,  lateral,  looking 
outward  and  slightly  backward,  situated  in  a  single  scale;  the  rostral  plate  is 
narrow,  quadrangular,  much  more  extended  transversely  than  in  the  vertical 
direction  ;  the  upper  jaw  is  bordered  with  a  row  of  seventeen  plates  ;  the  exter¬ 
nal  opening  of  the  ear  is  very  apparent,  oval,  its  anterior  border  presenting  a  few 
small  denticulations  ;  neck  folded ;  body  slender,  covered  above  with  small 
granulations,  rather  larger  upon  the  back  than  upon  the  sides  ;  anterior  extre¬ 
mities  slender ;  posterior  well  developed  ;  both  covered  above  with  granulations, 
rather  larger  in  front  than  posteriorly ;  several  rows  of  small  plates  along  the 
margin  of  the  lower  jaw  ;  chin  and  throat  covered  with  small  granulations  ;  abdo¬ 
men  covered  with  smooth  hexagonal  and  quadrangular  scales ;  anterior  surface  of 
arms  and  forearms  covered  with  small  granulations ;  of  thighs  and  legs  with 
scales  similar  to  those  upon  the  abdomen  ;  femoral  pores  very  distinct ;  no  anal 
ones  ;  tail  very  long  and  slender  posteriorly,  covered  with  smooth  quadrangular 
scales  near  its  root,  hexagonal  posteriorly  ;  these  scales  are  distinctly  verticil- 
late  throughout  the  greater  part  of  the  length  of  the  tail,  less  so  anteriorly,  and 
carinated  both  anteriorly  and  posteriorly,  except  within  about  two  inches  of  its 
root ;  femoral  pores  very  distinct. 

Color.  Head  of  the  specimen  examined  of  a  light  yellow  color,  with  numer¬ 
ous  small  brown  spots  disseminated  upon  its  surface ;  a  dark  colored  bar  upon 
the  temples,  between  the  orbit  and  ear ;  chin  and  throat  marked  with  dark 
colored  lines  and  blotches ;  body  ash  color  above,  presenting  numerous  small 
points  upon  its  surface,  and  marked  with  transverse  bars  of  a  vermilion  color 
during  life  ;  upper  surface  of  its  extremities  resembling  in  color  that  of  the 
abdomen,  the  thighs  and  more  especially  the  legs  marked  with  transverse  bands 
of  vermilion ;  abdomen  flesh  color ;  tail  ash,  beautifully  banded  with  trans¬ 
verse  bars  of  vermilion. 

Dimensions.  Length  of  head  10^  lines;  greatest  breadth  7  lines;  length  of 
neck  and  body  2J  inches ;  length  of  tail  6J  inches  ;  of  arm  5  lines  ;  of  anterior 
extremity  1  inch  7  lines ;  length  of  foot  to  extremity  of  longest  toe  13  lines. 

Habitat.  Sand  hills,  at  the  lower  end  of  the  Jornada  del  Muerte,  New 
Mexico. 

Remarks.  This  animal,  of  which  there  are  two  specimens,  a  male  and  a  fe¬ 
male,  forming  part  of  Dr.  Woodhouse’s  collection,  differs  from  the  Crotaphytus 
Wislizenii  of  Baird  and  Girard,  in  the  size  and  shape  of  the  head :  that  of 
Wislizenii  beiDg  about  a  quarter  of  an  inch  longer ;  the  latter  is  also  broader  and 


208 


[December, 


the  snout  less  pointed ;  the  neck  also  in  fasciatus  is  much  more  contracted,  and 
the  body  and  both  anterior  and  posterior  extremities  are  much  less  robust.  In 
addition  to  these  distinguishing  characteristics,  sufficient  of  themselves  to  sepa¬ 
rate  the  two  animals,  there  exist  in  fasciatus  seven  or  eight  narrow  transverse 
bands  of  a  bright  vermilion  color  upon  the  back,  which  are  not  observed  in  the 
other  species. 

TROPIDONOTUS,  Kuhl. 

Tropidonotus  Woodhousii. 

Sp.  Char.  Head  long,  depressed,  rounded  in  front;  eyes  projecting;  neck 
much  contracted  ;  body  thicker  in  the  middle  ;  tail  of  moderate  length  ;  scales 
strongly  carinated ;  a  series  of  transverse  rhomboidal  dark  colored  blotches 
upon  the  back,  less  distinct  near  the  tail,  obsolete  upon  the  anterior  half  of  the 
body;  which  is  of  an  olive  green  color  ;  interstices  between  the  blotches  white  ; 
23  rows  of  scales.  Abdominal  scuta  150 ;  sub-caudal 

Description.  The  head  is  quite  large  and  much  depressed,  covered  above  with 
nine  plates ;  of  these  the  anterior  frontal  are  pentangular,  their  posterior  and 
external  angle  being  somewhat  prolonged ;  the  posterior  frontal  are  much 
larger  and  irregularly  quadrilateral ;  the  vertical  is  pentagonal,  much 
broader  in  front  than  posteriorly,  its  lateral  margins  being  slightly  hollowed ; 
the  supra-orbitar  are  oblong,  pentagonal,  broader  behind  than  in  front;  the 
occipital  are  very  large,  pentagonal :  the  rostral  is  broad  and  quadrilateral, 
rounded  above,  excavated  below ;  the  nostrils  look  upward  and  outward,  and 
are  situated  between  two  nasal  plates ;  there  is  one  loral  on  each  side  which  is 
quadrilateral ;  there  are  one  anterior  ocular  and  three  posterior  ocular  plates  ; 
the  former  is  quite  large,  and  excavated  anteriorly,  so  as  to  receive  the 
posterior  margin  of  the  loral ;  there  are  two  large  temporal  plates  on  each  side 
of  the  occipital ;  there  are  eight  labials  upon  the  margin  of  the  upper  jaw  on 
each  side ;  of  these  the  sixth  and  seventh  are  the  largest ;  the  eyes  are  large  and 
projecting,  the  supraorbitars  extending  but  slightly  over  the  eye ;  the 
mental  plate  is  small  and  triangular  ;  the  anterior  and  posterior  geneials  are 
quite  long,  the  posterior  somewhat  more  slender  and  larger  than  the  anterior  ; 
the  body  is  long,  much  thicker  in  the  middle  than  at  the  extremities,  covered 
with  twenty-three  rows  of  strongly  carinated  scales ;  the  rows  upon  the  sides 
are  much  less  strongly  carinated  than  those  upon  the  back  ;  the  row  nearest  the 
abdomen  is  the  broadest. 

Color.  Dusky  olive  upon  the  upper  part  of  the  head  and  back,  becoming 
darker  upon  the  middle  of  the  body,  and  toward  the  tail,  presenting  numerous 
transverse  dark  colored  bands,  most  distinct  upon  the  posterior  half  of  the  body ; 
these  bands  do  not,  as  in  Tropidonotus  sipedon,  extend  as  far  as  the  abdomen; 
they  are  bordered  anteriorly  and  posteriorly  with  a  strip  of  white ;  chin,  thorax 
and  neck  straw  color ;  the  abdominal  scales  are  bordered  anteriorly  with  black ; 
tail,  straw  color,  with  indistinct  bands  of  black  along  the  borders  of  the  scales. 

Dimensions.  Length  of  head  1  inch  6  lines ;  greatest  breadth  9  lines ;  length  ; 
of  body  2  ft.  2  inches;  of  tail  inches.  Abdominal  scuta  150;  sub-caudal  44, 
(tail  broken  off  at  extremity.) 

Habitat.  Prairies  near  the  Arkansas  river. 

Remarks.  The  reptile  above  described  resembles  the  Tropidonotus  erythro- 
gaster,  in  having  the  same  number  of  rows  of  scales,  there  being  23  in  each ; 
and  nearly  the  same  number  of  abdominal  plates,  there  being  148  in  the  erythro- 
gaster  and  149  in  Woodhousii.  The  tail  in  the  specimen  of  the  latter  species 
having  been  mutilated,  their  number  could  not  be  accurately  determined.  The 
coloration  of  the  two  animals,  however,  is  very  different,  the  white  transverse 
bands  upon  the  back  being  very  apparent  in  Woodhousii,  but  do  not  exist  in 
erythrogaster.  They  differ  also  greatly  in  size,  Woodhousii  being  a  much 
smaller  animal.  Tropidonotus  fasciatus  has  140  abdominal  plates  and  42  pairs 
of  sub-caudal  scales.  The  “  body  has  singular  oblong  or  triangular  purplish 
red  spots  on  the  flanks,  which  are  insensibly  lost  about  midway  between  the 
abdomen  and  vertebral  line.”  “In  old  animals  the  whole  superior  and  lateral 
surface  becomes  of  a  brownish  color.”  Its  circumference  is  five  inches. 


1852.] 


209 


Ambystoma  nebulosum. 

Sp.  Char.  Head  as  broad  as  long,  rounded  in  front;  palatine  teeth  in  the  form 
of  a  triangle,  the  apex  directed  forward  ;  body  brown  with  numerous  yellow 
spots ;  tail  longer  than  neck  and  body ;  total  length  5  inches  9  lines. 

Description.  The  head  is  large,  depressed  above,  about  as  broad  as  it  is  long ; 
snout  rounded;  nostrils  small,  about  three  lines  apart;  eyes  large  and  promi¬ 
nent  ;  mouth  very  large  ;  tongue  broad  and  flattened,  free  at  its  edges,  attached 
at  its  anterior  border ;  palatine  teeth  shaped,  the  angle  presenting  for¬ 

ward,  the  extremities  of  the  row  being  placed  a  9hort  distance  behind  the  inter¬ 
nal  nares ;  neck  contracted ;  posterior  extremities  stouter  than  the  anterior ; 
body  sub-cylindrical,  flattened  inferiorlv;  tail  longer  than  the  head  and  body, 
much  more  compressed,  the  posterior  half  especially,  quite  thin  and  rounded  at 
its  extremity. 

Color.  Head  brownish  above,  with  numerous  indistinct  yellowish  spots  pos¬ 
teriorly  :  body  blackish,  presenting  many  yellowish  spots  upon  the  surface,  the 
largest  about  a  line  in  diameter;  extremities  blackish,  mingled  with  yellow; 
tail  of  some  dark  hue,  with  mimerous  yellow  spots  and  markings  ;  chin,  throat 
and  abdomen  yellowish. 

Habitat.  New  Mexico. 

Dimensions.  Length  of  head  8  lines  ;  greatest  breadth  8  lines ;  length  of  neck 
and  body  2  inches  2  lines  ;  of  tail  2  inches  9  lines ;  of  anterior  extremities  1 
inch  6  lines  ;  of  posterior  the  same  ;  total  length  5  inches  9  lines. 

Another  specimen  from  the  same  locality  is  more  uniformly  blackish  upon  the 
upper  surface,  the  yellowish  spots  being  absent ;  the  chin,  throat  and  abdomen 
are  also  more  distinctly  marked  with  black  and  yellow. 

Remarks.  The  above  species  differs  from  the  Proserpine  of  Baird  and  Girard 
in  the  shape  of  the  head  and  in  the  coloring ;  and  from  Mavortia  of  Baird  in 
the  same  particulars.  The  Mavortia,  according  to  Prof.  Baird,  has  “  about 
nine  broad  transverse  bands  of  yellowish  on  the  sides  of  the  body,  confluent  to 
a  certain  extent  with  that  of  the  belly.”  He  describes  similar  markings  upon 
the  tail,  forming  nearly  complete  ellipses,  about  twelve  in  number.  The  Ma¬ 
vortia  is  eight  inches  in  length. 


The  Committee  on  the  following  paper  by  Dr.  Genth,  reported  in 
favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings  ; 

On  a  probably  new  element  with  hiaosmine  and  Platinum ,  from  California. 

By  Dr.  F.  A.  Genth. 

I  received  from  Dr.  Charles  M.  Wetherill  a  small  quantity  of  white  grains, 
which  were  collected  in  1849-50  from  California  gold  by  the  late  Jos.  R.  Rey¬ 
nolds,  Esq.  An  examination  of  these  grains  furnished  me  results  which  are, 
perhaps,  worth  noticing. 

I.  When  treated  with  boiling  hydrochloric  acid,  two  grains  began  to  dissolve 
with  disengagement  of  hydrogen.  As  soon  as  I  observed  this  reaction  I  picked 
them  out  and  washed  them  off  with  water.  With  a  good  magnifying  glass  I 
found  that  they  were  mechanically  mixed  with  gold.  Their  color  was  between 
a  tin-white  and  steel  color  ;  they  were  malleable,  but  harder  than  tin  ;  they  dis¬ 
solved  in  nitric  acid,  yielding  a  crystalline  salt,  the  native  gold  which  was  mixed 
with  them  remaining  undissolved.  They  precipitated  copper  from  solutions,  but 
slowly.  Hydro-sulphuric  acid  precipitated  the  solution  in  nitric  acid  brown.  A 
pure  piece  of  metal  before  the  blowpipe  on  charcoal  fused  readily.  It  was 
soon  covered  with  a  black  oxide  and  gave  no  incrustations.  Borax  in  the  0. 
F.  dissolved  it  and  gave  a  colorless  bead,  which  on  cooling  became  opalescent ; 
the  same  reaction  took  place  more  readily  in  R.  F. 

The  quantity  of  this  metal  was  too  small  for  further  experiment,  but  these  re- 


210 


[December, 


actions  show  that  it  is  neither  tin  nor  any  other  known  element,  although  it  has 
some  relations  to  tin,  but  it  is  distinguished  from  it 

1.  By  its  solubility  in  nitric  acid. 

2.  By  its  brown  precipitate  with  hydrosulphuric  acid. 

3.  By  not  being  regularly  oxydized  before  the  blowpipe  into  a  white 

Oxide,  and  by  its  other  blowpipe-reactions. 

May  not  the  grains  of  native  tin  observed  by  Hermann  in  the  auriferous  sands 
from  Siberia  be  the  same  substance  ? 

II.  An  examination  of  the  white  grains  which  were  insoluble  in  hydrochloric 
acid,  gave  (after  a  few  scales  of  native  gold  had  been  extracted  by  quite  diluted 
aqua  regia)  the  following  results. 

Of  0*9366  grms.  were  0*4625  grms.  or  49*4  p.  c.  Sisserskite  (Ir  Os4  )  in 
brilliant  lead  colored  scales,  some  of  which  were  imperfect  six-sided  prisms. 

The  remaining  grains  and  scales  (0*4T41  grms.)  had  a  tin-white  color,  and 
were  treated  with  aqua  regia,  as  long  as  it  acted  upon  them.  Three  rounded 
grains  remained  undissolved  in  aqua  regia,  which,  I  suppose,  were  Platin-Iridium. 
They  weighed  0*0202  grs.=2*2  p.  c. 

The  balance  of  0*4539  grms.  or  48*4  p.  c.  were  native  Platinum. 

The  composition  of  the  sample  received  by  Dr.  Chas.  M.  Wetherill  was  there¬ 
fore  New  Element  and  gold  not  estimated. 

Sisserskite  =  49*4  p.  c. 

Platin-Iridium  =  2*2  p.  c. 

Native  Platinum  =  48*4  p.  c. 

This  native  Platinum  is  not  pure,  but  contains,  like  that  from  other  localities, 
other  substances,  both  alloyed  and  mechanically  mixed  with  it. 

When  the  0.4539  grms.  were  dissolved  in  aqua  regia,  0*0031  grms.  or  0.68  p.  c. 
of  Sisserskite  remained  undissolved  in  minute  and  fine  scales. 

The  solution  was  evaporated  to  dryness  in  a  water-bath,  dissolved  in  alcohol  and 
precipitated  with  chloride  of  ammonium.  The  brick-red  double  salt  thus  formed 
was  washed  out  with  alcohol,  then  dried  and  powerfully  healed.  The  ignited 
residue  weighed  0*4206  grms.  It  was  treated  with  weak  aqua  regia,  which  left 
undissolved  0*0110  grms.  of  Iridium  and  Rhodium  =  2*42  p.  c.  (This  is  of 
course  only  an  approximate  estimation  of  Iridium,  etc.)  This  presence  of 
Rhodium  and  Palladium  was  also  ascertained,  but  I  did  not  make  any  quantita¬ 
tive  estimations,  because  the  quantity  I  had  to  dispose  of  was  entirely  too  small 
for  the  estimation  of  substances  which  can  be  separated  only  with  the  greatest 
difficulty. 

The  filtrate  from  the  double  salts  of  Platinum,  etc.,  precipitated  by  ammonia 
gave  0*0432  grms.  of  sexqui-oxide  of  iron  =  6*66  p.  c.  of  iron. 

The  composition  of  this  native  Platinum  is  therefore 

Platinum,  (with  Palladium)  =  90*24 

Iridium,  (with  Rhodium)  =  2*42 

Iron,  =  6*66 

Sisserskite,  =  0*68 


100*00 


The  Committee  on  a  paper  by  Dr.  P.  R.  Hoy,  “  On  new  Species  of 
Owls/'  reported  in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings. 

Description  of  two  species  of  Owls ,  presumed  to  be  new ,  which  inhabit  the  State  of 

Wisconsin. 

By  Philo  R.  Hoy,  M.  D.,  Racine,  Wisconsin. 

1.  Nyctale  Kirtlandii ,  nobis. 

The  smallest  described  species  of  this  genus. 

Male.  Length  6j,  ext.  16,  tail  extends  to  the  tip  of  the  folded  wing.  Head 
and  entire  upper  parts  brown  with  a  reddish  gloss.  Plumage  around  the  base 
of  the  tail  and  eyebrows  white,  immediately  in  front  of  the  eye,  intermingled 


211 


1852.] 

with  black  bristles ;  from  the  base  of  the  lower  mandible  two  short  stripes  of 
white  run  downwards  and  backwards.  Lores  pitch  black.  Wings  brown,  infe¬ 
rior  wing  coverts,  and  edge  of  wing  at  flexure,  white  ;  primaries  with  three  or  four 
narrow  spots  of  silky  white  on  their  outer  margins,  and  all  the  quills  with  circu¬ 
lar  spots  of  white  on  their  inner  webs.  Tail  brown,  narrowly  tipped  with  white 
and  crossed  with  two  bands  composed  of  spots  of  white,  which  are  wanting  on 
the  outer  webs  of  the  two  lateral  feathers.  Throat  and  upper  part  of  the  breast 
dark  chesnut ;  all  the  under  parts  bright  reddish  yellow,  tarsi  and  toes  thickly 
covered  with  plumage  of  the  same  reddish  yellow  as  the  under  parts.  Bill  and 
claws  black,  irides  golden  yellow. 

But  two  specimens  of  this  bird  have  been  taken  to  my  knowledge  ;  the  first  was 
captured  Oct.,  1821,  and  kept  until  winter  when  it  made  its  escape;  the  second, 
and  the  one  from  which  the  above  description  was  taken,  flew  into  an  open  shop, 
July,  1852.  It  is  strictly  nocturnal,  utters  a  low  tremulous  note,  and  is  an  active 
and  efficient  mouser.  It  is  different  from  any  other  species  yet  known  to  inhabit 
North  America,  and  appears  to  have  some  general  resemblance  in  color  to  -ZV. 
Harrisii ,  Cassin,  but  not  sufficient  to  render  it  necessary  to  state  their  difference. 

I  have  named  this  species  as  a  slight  tribute  of  respect  to  that  zealous  Natu¬ 
ralist,  Prof.  Jared  P.  Kirtland,  of  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

2.  Bubo  subarcticus ,  nobis. 

A  large  light  colored  species.  Tail  crossed  by  five  bands,  wings  with  the  third 
primary  longest,  second  shorter  than  the  fourth,  tooth  or  lobe  of  the  upper  man¬ 
dible  remarkably  developed. 

Total  length  24  inches,  wing  from  flexure  17,  tail  9^,  and  extends  3J  beyond 
the  folded  wings,  tarsus  2J,  bill  over  its  convexity  1  5-12ths,  egrets  3  inches. 

Above  white  and  fawn  color,  zig-zagged  and  barred  with  brown,  scapulars 
broadly  marked  on  their  outer  webs  with  white.  Tail  bright  fawn,  crossed  by 
five  bars  of  brown,  outer  webs  of  the  exterior  and  tips  white,  two  central  feathers 
colored  similar  to  the  back.  Quills  with  seven  bars  of  brown. 

Beneath  white  ;  on  the  breast,  sides,  and  flanks,  each  feather  crossed  with  bars 
and  narrow  stripes  of  deep  brown,  forming  on  the  breast  a  wide  irregular  band 
of  the  latter  color.  Lower  tail  coverts  white,  each  feather  with  a  single  narrow 
band  of  brown. 

Face  greyish  white,  lores  tipped  with  black,  egrets  with  their  outer  webs  and 
tips  black,  inner  webs  white,  bill  dark  horn  color,  lighter  at  the  point,  claws 
black,  irides  yellow. 

The  specimen  now  described  was  shot  in  January,  1851,  near  this  city,  and 
proved  to  be  a  female.  I  have  seen  two  others  which  were  precisely  similar  in 
their  markings  to  the  present.  This  species  does  not  agree  in  many  essential 
points  with  Richardson’s  description  of  the  Arctic  horned  Owl,  nor  dees  it  agree 
either  in  color  or  anatomically  with  the  common  great  horned  owl,  which  is 
very  abundant  here,  and  of  which  I  have  kept  living  specimens  for  more  than  a 
year.  Of  the  latter  species  I  have  seen  some  very  dark  colored  specimens,  which 
are  mostly,  but  not  invariably,  male  birds. 

Some  of  my  reasons  for  considering  the  bird  just  described  as  distinct  from  the 
common  species,  are  as  follows :  It  differs,  1.  In  color  and  markings.  2.  In 
measurements ;  it  has  comparatively  greater  length  of  tail,  and  of  wings.  Ana¬ 
tomically  ;  the  cranium  of  a  specimen  in  my  possession,  shows  a  greater  devel¬ 
opment  of  the  posterior  lobes  of  the  brain  and  other  differences,  and  a  more  dis¬ 
tinct  tooth-like  lobe  of  the  upper  mandible.  4.  I  have  seen  three  specimens  all 
corresponding  in  every  particular,  and  all  occurring  only  in  the  depth  of  winter, 
when  the  great  Cinereous  Owl,  ( Syrnium  cinereum,')  the  Hawk  Owl,  ( Surnia 
funereal)  and  the  Snowy  Owl,  (o'.  nyctea,)  were  with  us.  My  conclusion  is, 
therefore,  that  it  is  like  these  species,  an  inhabitant  of  the  Arctic  regions  of  this 
continent,  and  one  of  the  rarest  of  the  winter  visitants  in  the  northern  parts  of 
the  United  States,  and  in  Wisconsin  is  much  less  common  than  either  of  the 
three  species  mentioned. 


The  Committee  to  which  had  been  referred  Dr.  WetherilFs  paper 
entitled  “  An  Analysis  of  the  Cotton  Plant  and  Seed,”  &c.,  reported  in 


212 


[December, 


favor  of  the  publication  of  the  following  abstract  of  the  same  in  the 
proceedings : 

Analysis  of  the  Cotton  Plant  and  Seed. 

By  the  late  Thomas  J.  Summer,  Esq.  of  South  Carolina.  Communicated  by  Dr* 
Charles  M.  Wetherill. 


In  a  communication  on  the  analysis  of  the  ash  of  a  cotton  stalk  by  Mr.  Judd, 
in  the  Proceedings  of  the  American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science, 
p.  219,  surprise  is  expressed  at  the  absence  of  published  analyses  of  the 
cotton  plant,  with  the  exception  of  one  of  the  wood  and  another  of  the  seed, 
by  Prof.  Shepard.  I  owe  it  to  the  memory  of  my  friend  and  classmate  in 
Giessen,  the  late  Thomas  J.  Summer,  Esq.,  to  communicate  the  following  analy¬ 
tical  results  arrived  at  by  him  while  in  the  Giessen  laboratory,  and  which  have 
not  been  published,  that  I  am  aware  of,  except  in  pamphlet  form  for  circulation 
among  his  friends : 

Analysis  of  the  Ash  of  the  Cotton  Plant. 

The  analysis  was  carried  on  in  the  usual  manner — 6.181  grammes  were  di¬ 
gested  with  muriatic  acid,  and  evaporated  to  dryness  by  the  water  bath.  After 
moistening  with  acid  and  adding  water,  the  insoluble  portion  was  separated, 
which  consisted  of  0-621  sand  and  coal,  and  0-403  silicia.  The  filtrate  was  di¬ 
vided  into  three  equal  parts.  In  the  first,  the  iron,  in  combination  with  phos¬ 
phoric  acid,  lime  and  magnesia,  was  determined.  In  the  second,  sulphuric  and 
phosphoric  acids.  In  the  third,  the  alkalies. 


The  following  are 

the  per  centage  results  : 

6-181  grammes 

Percentage. 

Potassa 

_ 

1-365 

- 

22.08 

Soda, 

_ 

006 

- 

0.97 

Lime, 

Magnesia, 

_ 

1-082 

- 

17.50 

- 

0-324 

- 

5-24 

Oxide  of  iron, 

_ 

0-444 

- 

7.18 

Phosphoric  acid, 

- 

0-849 

- 

13.73 

Sulphuric  acid, 

- 

0-081 

- 

1.31 

Chloride  of  Sodium, 

- 

0-037 

- 

0.59 

Silicia, 

- 

- 

0.403 

- 

6.52 

Carbonic  acid,  1-066 

,  ash 

gave 

0-168 

- 

15.76 

Sand  and  coal, 

' 

0-621 

10.04 

100.92 

The  Ash  of  the  Seed. 

The  seeds  were  burned  in  a  muffle ;  only  a  slight  red  heat  was  necessary  to 
burn  them  perfectly  white. 

For  estimating  the  amount  of  water  6.406  grammes  of  seed,  dried  at  212°, 
lost  0-646,  or  ten  per  cent,  water ;  6.587  of  the  dried  seed  left  by  incineration 
in  a  platinum  crucible,  0.237,  or  3-6  per  cent.  ash.  The  qualitative  analysis 
showed  the  same  constituents  as  in  the  ash  of  the  plant,  with  the  exception  of 
carbonic  acid.  The  following  are  the  analytical  results : 

Potassa,  - 

Soda,  ------- 

Lime,  ------- 

Magnesia,  ------ 

Oxide  of  iron,  ------ 

Phosphoric  acid,  - 

Sulphuric  acid,  - 

Coal,  ------- 

Traces  of  Silica, 

Loss  and  Cholorine,  5 


Percentage. 

27.82 

2.75 

10.88 

10.61 

3.43 

35.43 

3.19 

1.05 

4.84 


100.00 


1852.] 


213 


An  inspection  of  the  above  analysis  of  the  cotton  seed  shows  that  it  abounds 
in  the  phosphates  and  alkalies.  Drs.  Will  and  Fresenius,  in  their  analysis  of 
the  cereal  grains,  show  that  wheat  also  abounds  largely  in  these  constituents. 
The  following  analysis,  as  above  quoted,  will  enable  the  comparison  to  be 


Red  Wheat. 

White  Wheat. 

Potassa, 

20.80 

30.17 

Soda, 

15.01 

Lime, 

Magnesia, 

1.83 

2.76 

9.12 

12.08 

Oxide  of  iron,  . 

1.29 

.  0.28 

Phosphoric  acid, 

46.91 

43.89 

Silica, 

0.15 

Coal  and  sand, 

4.89 

9.03 

100.00 

100.00 

These  constituents  being  derived  directly  from  the  soil,  plainfy  indicate  the 
reasons  why  the  land  in  the  South  is  so  readily  exhausted.  The  crops  extensively 
cultivated  there,  all  require,  in  a  great  measure,  the  same  food  from  the  soil ; 
and  hence,  soils  which  will  not  produce  cotton  are  alike  incapable  of  producing 
the  cereal  crops.  The  great  benefit  derived  from  the  application  of  cotton  seed 
as  a  manure,  to  these  crops,  is  accounted  for  from  the  same  causes,  in  their 
abundance  of  alkalies  and  phosphates.  In  connection  with  the  assimilation  of 
alkaline  phosphates  by  plants,  the  experiments  of  Dumas  on  the  solution  of 
bones  by  water  charged  with  carbonic  acid,  as  detailed  in  a  memoir  “  on  the 
manner  in  which  phosphate  of  lime  enters  organized  beings,”  (Comptes  Rendus, 
Nov.  30, 1846,)  are  interesting.  He  remarks  that  the  phosphate  of  lime,  though 
insoluble  in  water,  nevertheless  penetrates  through  bones,  and  is  deposited  in 
their  structure,  and  that,  on  the  other  hand,  bones  are  slowly  disaggregated  by 
the  soil  and  disappear  after  a  time.  This  is  owing,  according  to  Dumas,  to  two 
causes,  the  one,  sal-ammoniac  acting  rarely  and  feebly,  the  other,  carbonic  acid, 
acting  constantly  and  rapidly.  Plates  of  ivory  introduced  by  Dumas  into  bot¬ 
tles  of  Seltzer  water,  were  as  much  softened  after  twenty-four  hours  as  if  they 
had  been  acted  on  by  dilute  muriatic  acid ;  and  the  Seltzer  water  was  found 
loaded  with  phosphate  of  lime.  I  would  call  attention  to  this  property  of  car¬ 
bonic  acid  as  satisfactorily  explaining  the  assimilation  of  the  phosphate  of  lime 
by  plants.  The  carbonic  acid  given  off  in  the  fermentation  of  the  manure 
greatly  facilitates  the  solution  of  phosphate  of  lime  when  present  as 
bone  ash. 

It  was  a  matter  of  surprise  to  Prof.  Liebig  that  soils  not  furnished  artifi¬ 
cially  with  the  preponderating  constituents  of  the  cotton  plant  and  seed,  should 
produce  a  crop  abounding  in  the  phosphates.  This  leads  me  to  further  investi¬ 
gation,  and  a  rich  field  of  research  lies  still  unexplored  in  the  analytical  exam¬ 
ination  of  the  cotton  soils  of  the  South  and  West. 

Thomas  J.  Summer. 

South  Carolina ,  1848. 

It  is  indeed  a  matter  of  surprise  that  an  article  of  such  world-wide  necessity 
should  have  been  hitherto  so  neglected  by  agricultural  chemists,  and  indeed  I 
am  not  aware  that  we  have  even  now  an  analysis  in  full  of  the  ash  of  the  whole 
plant.  The  two  best  analyses  are  those  of  the  stalk  by  Summer  and  Judd.  The 
analysis  of  the  seed  by  Summer  contains  an  error  of  loss  and  Chlorine  =  4.84 
p.  c.  The  same  analysis  (of  seed)  by  Shepard,  gives  an  error  of  1.68  p.  c.  of 
loss,  Carbonate  of  potassa,  Sulphates  of  Lime  and  Magnesia,  Alumina  and 
Sesquioxide  of  Iron  ;  and  Shepard’s  analyses  are  calculated  with  regard  to  the 
composition  of  the  ash  itself,  instead  of  giving  the  constituents  separately, 
which  alone  renders  a  comparison  between  different  analyses  possible,  the  com¬ 
position  of  ash  varying  according  to  the  nature  and  quantity  of  its  constituents, 
and  the  degree  of  heat  at  which  it  is  prepared.  I  have  recalculated  Summer’s 

33 


214 


[December, 


analysis  of  the  stalk  by  Weber’s  new  analytical  Tables  ;  want  of  data  in  the 
seed  analysis  rendered  its  recalculation  impossible.  I  have  also  recalculated 
Summer’s  analysis  to  the  hundred  parts,  neglecting  Sand,  Coal  and  Silica  ;  and 
having  separated  the  salts  in  Shepard’s  analysis,  I  recalculated  the  constituents 
in  the  same  manner.  The  following  table  will  show  the  comparative  nature  of 
the  constituents  of  the  ash  of  the  plant,  seed  and  wool,  as  analysed  by  Shepard, 
Summer  and  Judd ;  the  defective  analyses  above  mentioned  considered  as 
approximative  : 


Constituents  of  the  Ash  of  the 
Cotton  Plant. 

Stalk. 

Seed. 

Wool. 

Summer. 

Judd. 

Summer. 

Shepard. 

Shepard. 

Potassa  . 

29*40 

29*58 

29*56 

20*04 

44*00 

Soda 

1*29 

_ 

2*92 

— 

— 

Zinc 

23*30 

24*34 

11*56 

27*84 

22*43 

Magnesia 

6*97 

3*73 

11*27 

0*13 

4*45 

Oxide  of  Iron  . 

9*56 

_ 

_ 

_ 

— 

Alumina  . 

_ 

__ 

_ 

— 

1*94 

Phos.  Acid 

18*28 

34*92 

37*65 

48*92 

19*63 

Sulph.  Acid  . 

1*74 

3*54 

3*39 

1*24 

1*84 

Chloride  Sodium 

0*79 

_ 

_ 

— 

— 

Silica 

8*65 

3*24 

_ 

1*71 

5.71 

Chlorine 

— 

0*65 

— 

0*12 

— 

100.00 

100*00 

100*00 

100*00 

100*00 

The  Report  of  the  Corresponding  Secretary  was  read  and  adopted. 
The  Recording  Secretary  then  read  the  following 

ANNUAL  REPORT. 

From  the  1st  of  January  to  the  1st  of  December,  1852,  there  have  been  elected 
thirty-three  Members  and  eight  Correspondents  ;  four  Members  have  died. 

Besides  numerous  interesting  minor  and  verbal  communications,  the  following 
have  been  presented,  during  the  past  year,  and  reported  on  for  publication  in  the 
Journal  and  Proceedings  of  the  Academy. 

By  Audubon  and  Bachman.  Description  of  a  new  North  American  Fox. 

By  Spencer  F.  Baird  and  Charles  Girard,  four,  to  wit:  Characteristics  of  some 
new  Reptiles  in  the  Museum  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  three  papers ;  Descrip¬ 
tions  of  a  new  species  of  Reptiles,  collected  by  the  United  States  Exploring  Expe¬ 
dition. 

By  John  L.  Burtt,  M.  D.  On  the  Influence  of  Sulphuretted  Hydrogen,  arising 
from  the  bottom  of  the  bay  of  Callao,  on  the  fishes  inhabiting  its  waters. 

By  Mr.  John  Ca^sin,  two,  to  wit :  Catalogue  of  the  Halcyonidae  in  the  Collection 
of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  ;  Descriptions  of  new  species 
of  Birds,  specimens  of  which  are  in  the  Collection  of  the  Academy  of  Natural 
Sciences  of  Philadelphia. 

By  Mr.  T-  Conrad,  three,  to  wit :  Description  of  the  new  Fossil  shells  of  the 
United  States,  (published  in  the  Journal.)  Remarks  on  the  Tertiary  Strata  of 
St.  Domingo,  and  of  Vicksburg,  Miss.;  Notes  on  shells  with  Descriptions  of  new 
species. 

By  Mr.  James  D.  Dana,  three,  to  wit :  Conspectus  Crustaceorum  quae  in  Orbis 
Terrarum  Circumnavigatione,  Carolo  Wilkes  e  Classe  Reipublicae  Faederatae 
duce,  lexit  et  descripsit  J.  D.  Dana,  three  papers. 


1852.] 


215 


By  James  C.  Fisher,  M.  D.  On  the  Aurora  of  February  19th,  1852. 

By  Henry  A.  Ford,  M.  D.  Characteristics  of  the  Troglodytes  gorilla. 

By  Fiederick  A.  Genth,  Ph.  D.,  four,  to  wit :  On  some  Minerals  which  accom¬ 
pany  gold  in  California ;  On  Strontiano-Calcite,  a  new  Mineral ;  On  Rodophyllite, 
a  new  Mineral ;  On  a  probably  new  Element  with  Irido.smine  and  Platinum, 
from  California. 

By  Mr.  Charles  Girard.  Additions  to  a  former  paper  on  the  North  American 
Astaci. 

By  Edward  Hallowell,  M.  D.,  five,  to  wit:  Descriptions  of  new  species  of 
Reptiles  from  Western  Africa ;  Descriptions  of  new  species  of  Reptiles  inhabit¬ 
ing  North  America ;  Descriptions  of  new  species  of  Reptiles  from  Oregon  Ter¬ 
ritory  ;  On  a  new  genus  and  three  new  species  of  Reptiles,  inhabiting  North 
America ;  On  a  new  genus  and  two  new  species  of  African  Serpents. 

By  Adolphus  L.  Heermann,  M.  D. :  Notes  on  the  birds  of  California,  (published 
in  the  Journal.) 

By  P.  R.  Hoy,  M.  D.  Descriptions  of  two  species  of  Owls,  presumed  to  be 
new,  inhabiting  the  State  of  Wisconsin  during  the  winter  season. 

By  the  Rev.  Lorenzo  L.  Langstroth.  On  the  Impregnation  of  the  eggs  of  the 
Queen  Bee. 

By  Mr.  Isaac  Lea,  four,  to  wit:  Description  of  a  new  species  of  Symphynote 
Unio ;  Description  of  a  Fossil  Saurian  of  the  new  Red  Sandstone  of  Pennsyl¬ 
vania,  with  some  account  of  the  formation ;  On  some  new  Fossil  Molluscs  in  the 
Carboniferous  slates  of  the  Anthracite  seams  of  the  Wilkesbarre  Coal  Forma¬ 
tion  ;  Description  of  a  new  species  of  Eschara  from  the  Eocene  of  Alabama. 

By  John  L.  Le  Conte,  M.  D.,  fifteen,  to  wit:  Notice  of  Fossil  Dicotyles  from 
Missouri ;  Notes  on  some  Fossil  Suiline  Pachyderms  from  Illinois ;  Hints  towards 
a  natural  classification  of  the  Family  Histrini  of  Coleopterous  Insects  ;  Synopsis 
of  the  Parnidae  of  the  United  States ;  Synopsis  of  the  Eucnemidae  of  temperate 
North  America ;  On  the  difference  between  Primordial  Races  and  Introduced 
Races ;  Remarks  on  some  Coleopterous  Insects  collected  by  S.  W.  Woodhouse, 
M.  D.,  in  Arkansas  and  New  Mexico  ;  Synopsis  of  the  Anthracites  of  the  United 
States  ;  Synopsis  of  the  species  of  Pterosticus  Bon.  and  allied  genera,  inhabiting 
temperate  North  America,  (published  in  the  Journal.)  Remarks  on  the  Coccinel- 
lidae  of  the  United  States ;  Description  of  a  new  species  of  Trombidium  ;  Descrip¬ 
tion  of  a  new  species  of  Sciurus;  Catalogue  of  the  Melyrides  of  the  United 
States,  with  descriptions  of  a  new  species ;  Synopsis  of  the  Scydmenidae  of  the 
United  States ;  An  attempt  at  a  synopsis  of  the  genus  Geomys,  Raf. 

By  Joseph  Leidy,  M.  D.  On  the  Osteology  of  the  Head  of  the  Hippopotamus, 
with  a  description  of  the  Osteological  Characters  of  a  new  Genus  of  Hippopota- 
midse,  (published  in  the  Journal.) 

By  Col.  George  A.  McCall,  U.  S.  A.  Description  of  a  new  species  of  Car- 
podacus. 

By  David  Dale  Owen,  M.  D.  Notice  of  a  Mineral  from  California,  probably 
new. 

By  Mr.  M.  Tuomev.  Description  of  some  Fossil  shells  from  the  Tertiary  of 
the  Southern  States. 

By  Charles  M.  Wetherill,  Ph,  D.,  five,  to  wit :  Examination  of  the  Molybdate 
of  Lead  from  the  Wheatley  Mine,  near  Phoenixville,  Pennsylvania  ;  Chemical  in¬ 
vestigation  of  the  Mexican  Honey  Ant ;  Further  examination  of  the  Phoenixville 
Molybdate  of  Lead  ;  Chemical  examination  of  the  Food  of  the  Queen  Bee  ;  An¬ 
alysis  of  the  Cotton  Plant  and  Seed,  &c.,  by  the  late  Thomas  J.  Summer,  with 
additions,  by  Charles  M.  Wetherill. 

By  S.  W.  Woodhouse,  M.  D.,  six,  to  wit :  Descriptions  of  new  species  of  Birds 
of  the  Genera  Yireo,  Vieill.,  and  Zonotrichia,  Swainson;  Description  of  a 
new  species  of  Ectopistes ;  Description  of  a  new  species  of  Sciurus ;  Descrip¬ 
tion  of  a  new  species  of  Numenius  ;  Descriptions  of  two  new  species  of  pouched 
Rats  ;  Description  of  a  new  species  of  Struthus. 

In  all  sixty-two  papers. 


216 


[December, 


In  addition  to  the  above,  in  accordance  with  a  Resolution,  adopted  September 
30th,  1851,  Dr.  Ruschenberger  read  on  the  evenings  of  February  3d  and  10th, 
an  exceedingly  interesting,  accurate  and  elaborate  “  Notice  of  the  Origin,  Pro¬ 
gress  and  present  condition  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadel¬ 
phia,”  which  was  subsequently  published  by  the  Society. 

In  conclusion,  the  Recording  Secretary  congratulates  his  fellow  members 
upon  the  continued  harmony,  activity  and  prosperity  of  the  Society.  In  no 
former  year  has  so  large  a  number  of  communications  been  presented,  the 
number  of  members  has  been  greatly  increased,  and  the  attendance  at  the 
meetings  full,  while  there  has  been  displayed  by  those  present,  every  evidence 
of  zealous  desire  to  forward  the  cause  of  science,  cherish  the  interests  and 
sustain  the  reputation  of  the  Academy. 

All  of  which  is  respectfully  submitted  by 

B.  Howard  Rand,  Recording  Secretary. 

Philadelphia ,  Dec.  28  th,  1852. 


The  Librarian  presented  the  following 

REPORT  FOR  1852. 

Since  the  1st  of  January  last,  1706  volumes,  889  periodicals,  and  291  pam¬ 
phlets  have  been  added  to  the  Library.  The  character  and  variety  of  the  ad¬ 
ditions,  with  the  number  of  each  under  their  respective  heads,  are  shown  in  the 
annexed  table  : 


Subject. 

Volumes. 

Periodicals. 

Pamphlets. 

Subject. 

j  Volumes. 

Periodicals. 

Pamphlets. 

Gen.  Nat.  History  and  Mam¬ 

Brought  over  .... 

1380 

887 

344 

malogy  . 

346 

84 

38 

Voyages  and  Travels 

104 

3 

3 

Ornithology  .... 

41 

51 

15 

History  and  Geography  . 

51 

1 

Herpetology  .... 

14 

4 

Phys.  Science  and  Chemistry  . 

72 

11 

Ichthylogy . 

33 

13 

Agriculture  .... 

15 

4 

Entomology  and  Helminthology 

167 

154 

31 

Medicine . 

16 

5 

Conchology  .... 

29 

33 

16 

Languages  and  Bibliography  . 

20 

Botany . 

46 

25 

6 

Biography  . 

9 

3 

Geology  and  Mineralogy 

169 

46 

73 

Dictionaries  of  Arts  and  Sci¬ 

Anatomy  and  Physiology  . 

158 

24 

48 

ences  . 

10 

Proceedings,  Journals,  Annals, 

Miscellaneous  .... 

29 

20 

Memoirs,  &c.  of  Societies 

377 

470 

— 

— 

— 

— 

Total 

1706 

889 

291 

Carried  over  . 

1380 

887 

244 

Charts . 

11 

Of  the  above,  57  have  been  received  from  Authors,  34  from  Editors,  90  from 
Societies,  Corporations,  &c.,  834  from  D.  T.  B.  Wilson,  1767  from  Edward 
Wilson,  Esq.,  98  from  other  Members  and  Correspondents,  and  from  miscella¬ 
neous  sources,  and  6  from  the  U.  S.  Government ;  making  a  total  of  2886  addi¬ 
tions  to  the  Library  in  1852. 

From  our  fellow-member,  Mr.  Elias  Durand,  we  have  also  received  109  auto¬ 
graphs  of  distinguished  scientific  and  literary  men. 

The  excess  in  the  increase  of  volumes  this  year  over  that  of  the  last  is  631. 
In  1851,  the  Library  was  increased  1075  volumes;  in  1850,  1719  volumes;  in 
1849,  789  volumes  ;  in  1848,  652  volumes  ;  and  in  1847,  630  volumes  ;  making  a 
total  increase  in  six  years  of  6571.  Many  periodicals,  also,  in  course  of  publi- 
tion  during  these  years,  and  recorded  as  such  in  our  lists  of  donations  to  the 
Library,  have  since  been  bound  into  volumes,  the  number  of  which  may  be  esti¬ 
mated  at  about  700  ;  and  added  to  the  above  give  a  total  of  nearly  7300  volumes 
contributed  to  the  Society’s  Library  in  that  short  period. 

In  the  report  submitted  to  the  Academy  in  December,  1850,  the  number  ot 
volumes  in  the  Library  at  that  time,  as  ascertained  by  actual  enumeration,  was 
12,057.  If  to  these  be  added  those  since  received,  with  the  proportion  of 


1852.]  217 

volumes  of  periodicals  bound  in  that  time,  the  number  on  our  shelves  at  present 
exceeds  15,000. 

Nearly  all  the  additions  in  the  six  years  above  referred  to,  have  been  gifts 
from  individuals  or  Societies,  or  in  exchange  for  our  own  publications,  very 
little  money  having  been  expended. 

The  rich  and  costly  collection  which  surrounds  us,  like  that  in  our  noble 
Museum,  affording  instruction  and  delight  not  to  ourselves  alone,  but  to  nume¬ 
rous  inquirers  after  knowledge  beyond  our  own  limits,  is  therefore  made  up 
almost  entirely  of  spontaneous  offerings,  prompted  by  disinterested  generosity 
or  a  love  for  science.  Let  us  not  lose  sight  of  this  fact ;  it  cannot  be  too  often 
referred  to,  or  too  strongly  impressed  upon  us.  Every  means  in  our  power  should 
be  employed  to  protect  such  valuable  trusts  from  abuse  and  loss.  The  plausible 
pretender  to  science,  the  inconsiderate  idler  and  the  pilferer,  should  find  no 
encouragement  within  these  walls. 

The  present  accommodations  for  the  books  have  become  too  limited  to  admit 
of  their  proper  arrangement,  or  of  easy  access  to  them.  For  the  last  few 
months  inconvenience  has  been  experienced  to  an  annoying  extent  from  some 
of  the  cases  being  crowded  to  excess.  Many  plans  have  been  suggested  with 
a  view  to  remedy  this  evil,  all  of  which,  however,  were  of  too  temporary  a 
character  to  admit  of  adoption. 

It  is  now,  however,  proposed  to  remove  to  the  Hall  above,  as  soon  as  appro¬ 
priate  places  can  be  prepared  for  them,  the  entire  collections  in  Mineralogy, 
Conchologv,  Herpetology,  &c.,  at  present  contained  in  the  basement  apartment 
adjoining  the  Library,  and  to  convert  the  latter  into  a  library  room.  The  area 
of  this  apartment  is  nearly  equal  to  that  now  occupied  for  library  purposes,  and 
may  be  estimated  to  be  sufficient  to  accommodate  at  least  10,000  additional 
volumes.  The  basement  of  the  building  would  then,  with  the  exception  of  one 
room,  (which  must  be  retained  for  the  reception  and  unpacking  of  parcels,  boxes, 
&c.,)  be  occupied  by  the  library,  and  the  great  advantage  gained,  which  has 
been  so  long  desired,  of  keeping  it  isolated  or  distinct  from  the  Museum. 

The  statement  above  presented  is  in  every  respect  gratifying,  and  the  Society 
may  be  congratulated,  as  on  every  occasion  like  the  present  for  the  last  few 
years,  on  the  rapid  and  steady  advancement  in  this  department — the  most 
important,  perhaps,  in  the  Institution — affording  the  best  evidence  of  the  favor 
in  which  the  latter  is  everywhere  held,  and  the  unceasing  liberality  of  its 
friends  and  supporters.  The  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  may  justly  boast 
that  in  this  age  of  progress  it  has  not  been  left  behind.  It  is,  and  has  been, 
since  its  origin,  with  few  exceptions,  progressive ;  partly  owing,  doubtless,  to 
its  intrinsic  merit,  but  mainly  to  a  succession  of  advantageous  circumstances 
operating  in  its  favor.  Its  benefactors  have  been  open-handed  to  an  extent 
heretofore  unknown  in  institutions  of  this  nature  in  our  country.  The  names 
of  Maclure  and  Wilson,  especially,  will  never  be  mentioned  without  regard  and 
admiration.  Through  their  instrumentality,  in  a  great  measure,  the  Institution 
now  rests  upon  a  firm  and  solid  basis ;  its  endurance  will  depend  not  merely 
upon  the  intelligence,  zeal  and  industry  of  those  who  succeed  us  here,  but  also 
upon  a  proper  appreciation  by  them  of  the  true  and  legitimate  objects  of  its 
founders.  No  misgivings,  however,  need  be  entertained  on  this  head.  At  no 
period  in  its  history  have  the  prospects  been  more  encouraging  than  at  present, 
of  its  high  scientific  reputation  being  fully  maintained,  and  of  its  utility  and 
advantages  to  the  community  being  generally  recognised  as  a  great  centre  for 
the  increase  of  knowledge. 

Wm.  S.  Zantzinger,  Librarian. 

Hall  of  the  Academy ,  Dec.  28, 1852. 


The  Annual  Report  of  the  Treasurer  was  read  and  referred  to  the 
Auditors. 


218 


[December, 


The  report  of  the  Curators  was  then  read,  as  follows  : 

REPORT  OF  THE  CURATORS  FOR  1852. 

Since  the  last  annual  report  of  the  Curators  was  presented  to  the  Academy, 
very  considerable  additions  have  been  made  to  its  Museum,  which,  we  are  happy 
to  state,  continues  in  a  good  state  of  preservation.  Latterly  the  Cabinet  has 
sustained  several  losses  by  the  abstraction  of  valuable  specimens,  but  the  circum¬ 
stance  having  excited  the  attention  of  the  Curators,  means  have  been  resorted 
to,  which  we  hope  will  prevent  further  depredation. 

During  the  year,  the  different  departments  of  the  Museum  have  received  the 
following  donations : 

Mammalia. — Of  this  class  there  have  been  presented  the  skins  of  35  specimens 
of  25  species,  principally  from  Dr.  D.  Leasure,  Drs.  A.  L.  Heermann,  E.  K.  Kane, 
J.  L.  Le  Conte,  S.  W.  Woodhouse,  Mr.  J.  D.  Sergeant  and  Col.  G.  A.  McCall. 

Aves. — Of  bird-skins  94  specimens  of  about  60  species  have  been  received. 
The  principal  donors  are  Drs.  H.  G.  Dalton,  E.  K.  Kane,  A.  A.  Henderson,  T. 
Carlton  Henry,  W.  S.  W.  Ruschenberger,  Messrs.  E.  H.  Kern,  J.  D.  Sergeant,  G, 
N.  Lawrence,  J.  Lambert,  G.  A.  McCall.  Part  of  the  number  formed  the  collec¬ 
tion  made  in  Lieut.  Lynch’s  Expedition  to  the  Dead  Sea,  and  was  presented  by 
order  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy. 

Besides  the  above,  numerous  species  have  been  deposited  by  Dr.  Wilson,  of 
which  no  official  record  has  been  given  to  the  Curators. 

Of  birds’  eggs,  a  large  number  of  specimens  of  about  40  species,  have  been 
presented  by  Messrs.  John  Krider,  E.  Wilson,  and  A.  L.  Heermann. 

Reptilia. — Of  this  class  100  specimens  have  been  presented,  chiefly  by  Messrs. 
H.  A.  Ford,  A.  L.  Heermann,  G.  Watson,  B.  F.  Shumard,  J.  Le  Conte,  G.  W. 
Fahnestock,  G.  A.  McCall,  J.  Krider  and  E.  Harris.  The  species  are  from 
different  parts  of  the  world,  and  a  number  of  them  from  Africa  and  the 
western  part  of  Nerth  America,  are  new,  and  have  been  recently  described  in 
the  Proceedings  of  the  Academy  by  Dr.  Hallowell. 

risces. — Of  fishes  58  specimens  of  35  species  have  been  presented  by  Messrs. 
G.  W.  Fahnestock,  Edw.  Wilson,  A.  A.  Henderson,  E.  Harris,  J.  Le  Conte  and 
T.  Conrad.  Among  the  number  are  several  specimens  of  the  curious  Branchi- 
ostoma. 

Mollusca. — In  this  department  the  Cabinet  has  received  an  addition  of 
numerous  specimens  of  80  species  of  shells,  chiefly  from  Messrs.  Edw.  Wilson. 

S.  Handy,  J.  Krider  and  J.  L.  Burtt. 

Crustacea. — In  this  department  we  have  reaped  a  rich  harvest. 

190  specimens  of  54  species  of  British  Crustacea  were  presented  by  Edward 
Wilson,  Esq. 

282  species  of  136  genera,  from  the  collection  of  M.  Guerin  Meneville,  have 
been  received  from  Dr.  T.  B.  Wilson.  This  collection  is  particularly  valuable, 
on  account  of  the  great  number  of  minute  and  rare  species  from  all  parts  of  the 
globe,  which  it  contains. 

Besides  the  above,  M.  J.  Yerreaux,  of  Paris,  has  presented  36  specimens 
of  14  species,  and  112  specimens  of  about  50  species  were  received  from 
Messrs.  Edw.  Wilson,  S.  Ashmead,  J.  Le  Conte,  and  others. 

Insecta. — 600  specimens  of  the  various  orders  of  insects  have  been  presented 
principally  by  Messrs.  A.  L.  Heermann,  H.  G.  Dalton,  S.  S.  Haldeman. 

Arachnida ,  Annelida  and  Myriapoda. — Of  these  49  species  have  been  received 
from  Messrs.  Edward  Wilson,  R.  H.  Kern,  R.  E.  Peterson,  and  others. 

Zoophyta. — 178  specimens  have  been  presented  by  Messrs.  Edward  Wilson, 

T.  B.  Wilson,  W.  S.  W.  Ruschenberger,  F.  S.  Holmes,  and  others. 

Comparative  Anatomy. — A  magnificent  skeleton  of  the  Troglodytes  gorilla. 

Savage ,  was  presented  by  Dr.  Henry  A.  Ford,  of  Liberia,  and  a  specimen 


1852.] 


219 


believed  to  be  unique,  of  the  skeleton  of  Choerodes  Liberiensis,  Leidy ,  has  been 
received  from  Dr.  T.  B.  Wilson. 

Besides  the  foregoing,  49  crania  of  mammals,  birds  and  reptiles,  17  skeletons 
of  birds,  and  58  miscellaneous  specimens  have  been  presented  by  Messrs.  J.  Ver- 
reaux,  De  la  Berge,  A.  L.  Heermann,  G.  P.  Oliver,  B.  H.  Coates,  Amory  Edwards, 
W.  Wood,  A.  Janney,  and  others. 

Botany. — The  herbarium  has  been  increased  by  the  addition  of  a  number  of 
valuable  specimens. 

Major  J.  Le  Conte  presented  his  entire  collection  of  North  American  plants, 
made  through  the  course  of  many  years. 

Other  collections  of  Phaenerogamous  plants  have  been  presented  by  the  Rev. 
M.  A.  Curtis,  of  South  Carolina,  Dr.  A.  L.  Heermann,  Mr.  R.  H.  Kern,  and 
Dr.  Engelmann,  of  St.  Louis. 

Of  fruits,  lichens,  marine  algae,  &c.  we  have  received  96  specimens  from 
Messrs.  S.  Ashmead,  G.  W.  Fahnestock,  J.  C.  Trautwine,  E.  K.  Kane,  and 
others. 

Palaeontology. — An  interesting  collection  of  minute  crag  fossils  of  England , 
consisting  of  41  species,  was  presented  by  Dr.  T.  B.  Wilson. 

Dr.  J.  L.  LeConte  has  presented  the  unique  fossils  upon  which  were  esta¬ 
blished  the  Dicotyles  depressifrons,  D.  cristatus,  Procyon  priscus,  Protochcerus 
prismaticus,  and  Anomodon  Snyderi. 

Dr.  Isaac  Hays  presented  an  interesting  specimen,  upon  which  has  been  pro¬ 
posed  the  Tapirus  Haysii. 

Besides  the  above,  219  specimens  of  organic  remains  have  been  presented  by 
Messrs.  D.  D.  Owen,  Thomas  Fisher,  A.  Jessup,  R.  Kilvington,  C.  Wistar,  C. 
H.  Budd,  J.  L.  Burtt,  Leidy,  Wetherill,  H.  W.  Kennedy,  Spackman,  and  others. 

Mineralogy. — 83  specimens  of  minerals  have  been  presented  by  Messrs.  W. 
D.  Hartmann,  S.  Ashmead,  W.  S.  Yaux,  T.  Fisher,  C.  M.  Wheatley  and  J.  L. 
Burtt.  Among  the  specimens  is  a  beautiful  piece  of  crystalline  native  copper, 
one  and  a  half  feet  in  length,  from  Lake  Superior,  the  donor  of  which  is  Mr. 
B.  A.  Hoopes. 

In  conclusion,  the  Curators  respectfully  call  upon  the  members  to  co-operate 
in  the  endeavors  now  being  made  to  raise  a  fund  sufficient  to  increase  the  capa¬ 
city  of  the  Museum  to  an  extent  demanded  by  its  collections  ;  and  they  hope, 
at  the  next  annual  meeting,  to  be  able  to  report  that  ample  space  has  been  pro¬ 
vided  for  the  accommodation  of  any  future  additions  to  the  Cabinet. 

Joseph  Leidy,  Chairman  of  the  Curators. 


The  Committee  on  Proceedings  presented  the  following 
REPORT: 

The  “  Proceedings”  of  the  Academy,  the  publication  of  which  was  commencec 
more  than  ten  years  since,  has  increased  gradually  in  importance,  and  now 
commands  respect  abroad,  from  the  value  and  diversity  of  its  contents.  It  is 
quoted  by  kindred  journals,  and  seems  to  be  regarded  as  authority. 

The  members  of  the  Academy  are  respectfully  invited  to  consider  the  value 
of  this  publication. 

To  make  widely  known  the  labors  of  the  members  of  the  Academy  is,  in  its 
influence  on  the  prosperity  of  the  Institution,  and  on  the  increase  of  knowledge, 
second  only  to  those  labors  themselves.  Discoveries  in  natural  history  are 
valuable  in  proportion  to  the  number  of  persons  to  whom  they  may  be  made 
known.  While  a  knowledge  of  new  facts  is  limited  to  the  discoverer  and  his 
companions,  science  gains  little  and  society  is  scarcely  benefited  by  the  toils  of 
research.  It  is  not  necessary  to  enlarge  on  this  point ;  every  one  is  aware  that 


320  [December, 

while  sight  and  hearing'  place  external  things  in  relation  with  ns,  it  is  voice 
which  places  us  in  relation  with  external  things. 

The  Journal  of  the  Proceedings,  and  the  Journal  of  the  Academy,  are  the 
vocal  organs,  the  voice  of  the  Institution,  through  the  medium  of  which  all  the 
facts  it  acquires,  and  all  the  opinions  it  forms,  are  promulgated.  These  publi¬ 
cations  are  a  sure  means  of  making  known  the  results  of  our  investigations  and 
studies,  and,  consequently,  our  existence  as  a  corporate  body.  Through  them 
alone  the  Academy  is  placed  in  communication  with  analogous  Institutions  at 
distant  points  of  our  own  country  and  in  foreign  lands.  To  these  publications 
the  Academy  is  indebted  for  its  reputation,  a  wide-spread  appreciation  of  its 
importance,  and  also  for  much  of  what  is  contained  in  the  Library  and  in  the 
Museum. 

While  we  refer  with  satisfaction  to  the  quantity  and  quality  of  information 
placed  on  record  and  printed  in  the  Proceedings,  and  may  be  excused,  perhaps, 
for  believing  that  this  journal  is  not  surpassed,  if  equalled,  by  any  similar 
publication  in  the  United  States,  it  may  be  well  to  disclose  the  fact  that  it  does 
not  receive^  even  from  members  of  the  Academy,  all  the  substantial  support 
and  encouragement  which  are  necessary  to  its  prosperity. 

When  it  is  known  that  the  subscription  price  of  a  copy  of  the  Proceedings 
for  one  year  is  only  one  dollar,  it  is  hoped  this  statement  will  be  sufficient  to 
cause  every  member  to  contribute  towards  diminishing  the  charge  upon  the 
Treasury,  by  becoming  a  subscriber  himself,  and  by  inducing  others  to  subscribe 
whenever  proper  opportunity  offers. 

The  whole  is  submitted  on  behalf  of  the  Committee  on  Proceedings, 

W.  S.  W.  Ruschenbergeb, 

Hall  of  the  Academy ,  Dec.  28,  1852. 


Dr.  Fisher,  from  the  Committee  on  Mammalogy,  reported  that  123 
skins  of  mammalia  had  been  mounted  and  added  to  the  collection, 
at  an  expense  of  $289,  which  had  been  defrayed  by  the  following 
named  members  :  Edward  Harris,  J.  Price  Wetherill,  Charles  D. 
Meigs,  John  K.  Mitchell,  George  W.  Carpenter,  William  S.  Yaux, 
Joseph  Carson,  Jos.  Pancoast,  P.  B.  Goddard,  Robert  Pearsall,  Wm.  E. 
Horner,  Isaac  Lea,  Thomas  D.  Miitter,  George  B.  Wood,  Wm.  Parker 
Foulke,  Charles  Lennig,  Thos.  B.  Wilson,  W.  S.  W.  Ruschenberger, 
B.  H.  Coates,  Samuel  Ashmead,  R.  E.  Peterson,  R.  Bridges,  Jas.  C. 
Fisher. 

Dr.  Woodhouse  requested  that  the  following  correction  be  published 
in  the  Proceedings  : 

Having  discovered  that  the  specific  name  dorsalis ,  which  I  applied  to 
the  squirrel  brought  by  me  from  New  Mexico,  and  which  I  described  in 
the  Proceedings  of  the  Academy  for  June  last  (page  110,)  has  already 
been  applied  by  J.  E.  Gray  to  one  of  the  same  genus,  I  propose  now 
to  call  it  Sciurus  Aberti,  after  Colonel  J.  J.  Abert,  chief  of  the  corps 
of  Topographical  Engineers,  U.  S.  Army,  to  whose  exertions  science  is 
much  indebted. 


1852.] 

221 

The  Academy  then  went  into 

an  election  for  Officers  for  1853 ;  a 

note  from  Mr.  John  Cassin  having;  been  first  read,  declining  a  re-elec- 

tion  as  Corresponding  Secretary, 
by  the  Chairman : 

The  following  result  was  announced 

President ,  - 

George  Ord. 

Vice  Presidents , 

J.  Price  Wetherill, 

Robert  Bridges,  M.D. 

Corresponding  Secretary , 

John  L.  LeConte,  M.  D. 

Recording  Secretary, 

-  B.  Howard  Rand,  M.D. 

Librarian ,  - 

Wm.  S.  Zantzinger, 

Treasurer , 

*  -  George  W.  Carpenter. 

Curators ,  - 

Joseph  Leidy,  M.D. 

William  S.  Yaux, 

John  Cassin, 

Samuel  Ashmead, 

Auditors ,  - 

Robert  Pearsall, 

A.  L.  Elwyn, 

James  C.  Fisher. 

Publication  Committee ,  - 

William  S.  Vaux, 

Robert  Bridges, 

Thomas  B.  Wilson, 

Isaac  Lea, 

W.  S.  W.  Ruschenberger. 

ELECTION. 

John  D.  White,  M.  D.,  of  Philadelphia,  was  elected  a  Member  of  the 
Academy. 


34 


1853.] 


January  4 th,  1853. 

Mr.  Ord,  President,  in  the  Chair. 

A  letter  was  read  from  the  Hon.  J.  P.  Kennedy,  Secretary  of  the 
Navy,  dated  Navy  Department,  Washington,  Dec.  25th,  1852,  acknow¬ 
ledging  the  receipt  of  a  copy  of  the  Preamble  and  Resolutions  adopted 
by  the  Academy  on  the  14th  of  that  mouth,  approving  the  recom¬ 
mendations  and  suggestions  contained  in  his  recent  report  to  the  Presi¬ 
dent,  and  his  efforts  for  “the  encouragement  of  missions  tending  to  pro¬ 
mote  scientific  researches  in  our  own  and  other  countries.” 

The  Secretary  also  expresses  to  the  Academy  “  his  peculiar  pleasure 
in  taking  advantage  of  the  opportunity  to  signalize,  by  an  official  com¬ 
mendation,  the  meritorious  labors  of  their  fellow  member  Dr.  Kane,  and 
to  enable  him,  with  such  aid  as  he  could  bestow,  once  more  to  embark 
upon  a  sea  of  adventure,  in  which  his  philanthropy  and  love  of  science 
have  already  won  him  equal  and  imperishable  honor  :  and  also  trusted, 
that  with  the  support  of  the  Academy,  and  the  countenance  of  the  Go¬ 
vernment,  he  would  return,  after  his  second  Expedition  to  the  Arctic 
Circle,  with  new  claims  to  the  congratulations  of  his  friends,  and  the 
applause  of  his  country.” 

.  A  letter  was  read  from  Mr.  J.  P.  Lapham,  dated  Milwaukee,  Wis¬ 
consin,  Dec.  16,  1852,  offering  to  exchange  specimens  of  objects  of 
Natural  History  for  copies  of  the  Journal  and  Proceedings.  Referred 
to  the  Publication  Committee  and  the  Curators,  with  power  to  act. 


January  1 1th. 

Mr.  Ord,  President,  in  the  Chair. 

A  communication  was  read  from  the  Geological  Society  of  London, 
dated  Nov.  4th,  1852,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  late  numbers  of  the 
Proceedings. 

A  communication  was  also  read  from  Prof.  Frazer,  Chairman  of  a 
Committee  appointed  by  the  American  Philosophical  Society,  “  to  act 
in  concert  with  Dr.  Kane,  and  such  societies  as  have  determined  to  act 
in  concert  with  him,  in  carrying  out  the  scientific  objects  of  the  pro¬ 
jected  Arctic  Expedition,”  dated  30th  Dec.,  1852,  expressing  the  desire 
of  the  Committee  to  give  their  assistance  in  any  plan  for  forwarding  the 
objects  of  the  Expedition,  which  the  Academy  might  think  proper  to 
suggest.  Referred  to  the  Committee  previously  appointed  on  this  sub¬ 
ject. 

Dr.  Le  Conte  read  a  paper  intended  for  publication  in  the  Proceedings 
of  the  Academy,  entitled  “  Descriptions  of  twenty  new  species  of  Cole- 
optera  inhabiting  the  United  States;”  which  was  referred  to  Dr.  Zant- 
zinger,  Dr.  Pickering  and  Dr.  Leidy. 

Dr.  Woodhouse  presented  a  paper  for  publication  in  the  Proceedings, 

PUOCEED.  ACAD.  NAT.  SCI.  OF  PHILADELPHIA. - VOL.  VI.  NO.  VII.  36 


224 


[January, 


describing  a  new  species  of  pouched  Rat,  of  the  genus  Dipodomys,  Gray; 
which  was  referred  to  Dr.  Bridges,  Dr.  Le  Conte  and  Mr.  Cassin. 

Dr.  Le  Conte  offered  some  remarks  on  the  genus  Dipodomys,  and  stated  that 
he  had  recently  been  investigating  the  specimens  of  that  interesting  genus  in 
the  Collection  of  the  Academy,  and  had  come  to  the  conclusion  that  it  contained 
several  species  besides  those  already  known.  The  fortunate  arrival  of  an  un¬ 
doubted  specimen  of  D.  Phillipii  (Gray)  from  California,  and  which,  by  the 
liberality  of  Dr.  Heermann,  is  now  in  the  possession  of  the  Academy,  has 
enabled  him  to  complete  the  study  of  this  genus,  and  the  results  will  soon  be 
made  known  to  the  Academy  in  a  monograph,  now  in  preparation  by  himself, 
on  the  North  American  Myoxina. 

He  exhibited  to  the  members  five  species  of  Dipodomys,  and  pointed  out  their 
specific  characters,  which  are  to  be  found  in  the  length  and  color  of  the  tail,  and 
in  the  form  of  the  antitragus  of  the  ears.  In  other  respects,  both  in  form  and 
color,  the  species  resemble  each  other  very  closely.  These  differences,  he 
stated,  could  not  be  the  result  of  age,  as  .the  specimens,  with  one  exception, 
were  full  grown ;  he  stated,  moreover,  that  the  specific  differences  were  similar 
to  those  found  in  the  genus  Myoxus,  to.  which,  by  the  form  of  the  scull,  and  by 
the  absence  of  the  postorbital  process,  the  genera  Dipodomys  and  Perognathus 
show  the  closest  resemblance.  With  the  group  of  Dipoda,  in  which  the  former 
genus  is  placed  by  European  systematists,  these  genera  have  no  relation.  The 
five  species  known  to  him  may  be  thus  grouped. 

A.  Tail  much  longer  than  the  head  and  body,  furnished  towards  the  tip  with 
a  brush  of  long  hairs  ;  antitragus  short,  broad  and  very  distinct. 

1.  D.  Phillipii  Gray,  Anri,  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  7,  522:  Audubon, 
Quadr.  of  America,  pi.  130:  Wagner,  Schreber’s  Saugeth:  Suppl.  3,  295.  Schintz, 
Syn.  Mam.  2,  93. 

Tail  brown,  with  a  whitish  vitta  each  side ;  outer  third  dark  blackish  brown  ; 
tip  pure  white.  Sacramento  Valley;  Dr.  Heermann. 

2.  D.  agilis  Gambel,  Proceedings  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.,  4,  77. 

Tail  brownish,  with  an  indistinct  whitish  vitta  each  side;  outer  third  to  tip 
nearly  uniform  pale  brown.  San  Diego  ;  Dr.  John  L.  Le  Conte. 

B.  Tail  as  long  as  the  head  and  body  ;  hair  at  the  tip  scarcely  longer  ;  anti¬ 
tragus  very  short,  indistinct. 

3.  D.  H  e  e  r  m  a  n  n  i  .  Tail  brown,  becoming  black  towards  the  extremity, 
with  a  broad  white  vitta  each  side  ;  tip  pure  black.  Sierra  Nevada;  Dr.  Heer¬ 
mann.  (Specimen  not  quite  adult.) 

C.  Tail  shorter  than  the  body;  hairs  on  the  outer  third  very  long  ;  ears  mode¬ 
rately  small ;  antitragus  obsolete. 

4.  D.  Ordii  Woodhouse.  Tail  brownish,  with  a  broad  white  vitta  each 
side  ;  long  terminal  hairs  pale  brown,  white  at  the  base.  El  Paso,  Texas  ;  Dr. 
Woodhouse. 

Of  the  fifth  species  there  is  a  single  specimen  labelled  “  James  Read,  South 
Carolina  ;”  this  locality  seems  doubtful,  as  all  the  other  species  are  from  the 
western  part  of  the  continent.  It  seems  to  belong  to  the  first  division,  although, 
as  the  outer  portion  of  the  tail  is  wanting,  we  cannot  be  certain  of  that  fact. 
The  length,  however,  of  the  individual  caudal  vertebrae,  indicates  a  tail  similar 
to  that  of  D.  agilis,  with  which  it  agrees  in  color.  The  ears  are  somewhat 
larger  than  in  that  species,  and  the  antitragus  is  large,  broad  and  obtusely 
rounded  at  its  summit.  For  this  species  the  name  D.  Wagneriis  proposed. 

Of  Perognathus  there  are  now  three  species  known. 

1.  P.  fasciatus  Wied,  Nova  Act.  Leopold  Car.  Acad.  19,  369,  tab.  34  ; 
Wagner,  Schreber’s  Saugeth.  Suppl.,  3,612;  Schintz,  Syn.  Mam.,  2,  259.  Mis¬ 
souri  Territory. 


1853  ] 


225 


2.  P.  penicillatus  Woodhouse.  Proceed.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.,  6,  200.  New 
Mexico. 

3.  P.  parvus  Lee.  Cricetodipus  parvus  Peale.  U.  S.  Exp.  Exp.  Mam., 
p.  53,  pi.  13,  fig.  2. 

A  specimen  procured  by  me  in  the  Desert  of  the  Colorado  of  Southern  Cali¬ 
fornia,  differs  only  from  Peale’s  original  specimen  from  Oregon  in  having  the 
whiskers  partly  black ;  it  is  apparently  a  more  adult  specimen,  though  not 
larger  than  the  one  in  the  Exp.  Exp.  Collection.  An  error  occurs  in  Peale’s 
description  and  measurement,  where  the  tail  is  stated  to  be  longer  than  the  body; 
it  is  in  reality  a  little  shorter  than  the  head  and  body,  reaching  just  in  front  of 
the  ears,  when  laid  along  the  back. 


Dr.  Charles  M.  Wetherill  presented  to  the  notice  of  the  Society  speci¬ 
mens  of  fused  Asphalte  from  Hillsboro',  New  Brunswick,  which  variety 
of  Asphalte  he  had  characterized  as  Melan- Asphalt,  in  a  paper  read  be¬ 
fore  the  American  Philosophical  Society  in  July  last.  Dr.  W.  remarked 
that  Chemists,  who  had  pronounced  this  variety  of  Asphalt  infusible, 
had  not  properly  experimented  with  it.  He  had  recently  fused  it  in  a 
Herman  flask;  it  flowed  with  a  level  surface  and  was  poured  out,  after 
which  it  hardened.  It  is  remarkably  electric  both  before  and  after 
fusion. 


January  18  th. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

A  letter  was  read  from  the  Secretary  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution, 
dated  Washington,  Dec.  20,  1852,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  late 
numbers  of  the  Proceedings. 

Dr.  Hallowell  read  a  paper  intended  for  publication  in  the  Proceed¬ 
ings,  u  On  some  new  Reptiles  from  California  which  was  referred  to 
Dr.  Ruschenberger,  Dr.  Heermann  and  Dr.  Woodhouse. 

Dr.  Le  Conte  called  the  attention  of  the  members  to  a  description, 
with  a  plate,  by  Wesmael,  of  the  Mexican  Ant,  in  the  Bulletin  de 
l’Acad.  Royale  de  Bruxelles.  Wesmael  considers  the  characteristics 
sufficiently  well  marked  to  form  a  new  sub-genus,  Myrmecocystis. 

Dr.  Bridges,  on  behalf  of  the  Publication  Committee,  announced  the 
publication  of  Part  3,  Vol.  2,  New  Series  of  the  Journal. 

Dr.  Kane  asked  that  an  estimate  be  made  of  the  expense,  &c.  of  ma¬ 
terials  necessary  for  the  preservation  of  objects  of  Natural  History  in 
the  proposed  Arctic  Expedition.  Referred  to  the  Committee  previously 
appointed  to  confer  with  Dr.  Kane. 


January  25 th . 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

The  Committee  on  Dr.  Le  Conte’s  paper,  describing  new  Coleoptera 
of  the  United  States,  reported  in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings. 


226 


[January, 


Descriptions  of  Twenty  new  species  of  Coleoptera  inhabiting  the  United  States. 

By  John  L.  Le  Conte,  M.  D. 

The  following  are  a  few  remarkable  species  of  families  which  are  so  small  as 
not  to  be  of  sufficient  importance  for  a  special  essay,  or  else  they  belong  to 
groups  which,  having  already  furnished  material  for  synopses  or  monographs, 
are  not  sufficiently  increased  to  need  revision.  Some  new  genera  are  proposed, 
the  affinities  of  which,  so  far  as  made  out,  will  be  detailed  below  ;  the  names  of 
the  families  to  which  the  new  genera  belong  are  appended  to  each.  Species  in¬ 
dicated  from  the  Mexican  Boundary,  were  collected  by  Mr.  J.  H.  Clark,  under 
Col.  J.  D.  Graham,  and  were  kindly  communicated  to  me  by  my  friend  Dr.  S.  F. 
Baird. 

Anisomera  Brulle.  (Dytiscidre.) 

Palpi  cylindrici,  labiales  articulo  penultimo  longiore ;  prosternum  non  eom- 
presso  carinatum,  postice  productum  ;  tarsi  anteriores  filiformes  articulo  ultimo 
elongato,  postici  parce  ciliati,  articulis  lmo  5toque  elongatis,  unguiculis  binis 
aequalibus  mobilibus. 

Having  several  specimens  of  a  species  of  this  interesting  genus  from  New 
Mexico,  I  am  able  to  complete  the  description  of  Brulle  and  Aube,  which  were 
taken  from  a  specimen  deprived  of  its  posterior  feet.  These  organs  are  slender; 
the  tibiae  are  slightly  ciliated  internally  with  long  hairs,  and  armed  at  the  tip 
with  two  slender,  subequal  spurs  ;  the  posterior  tarsi  are  not  longer  than  the 
tibiae,  slightly  compressed  and  sparsely  ciliated ;  the  first  joint  is  as  long  as  the 
second  and  third ;  the  2d,  3d  and  4th  are  nearly  equal ;  the  5th  is  a  little  shorter 
than  the  3d  and  4th,  not  narrowed  towards  the  extremity  ;  the  claws  are  equal 
and  moveable  In  the  male,  the  first  three  joints  of  the  anterior  and  middle 
tarsi  are  sl'ghtly  dilated,  and  furnished  beneath  with  feathery  papillae,  very 
much  as  in  Platynus.  The  posterior  tibiae  of  the  female  are  scarcely  ciliate. 

This  genus  appears  quite  as  closely  allied  to  Agabus  and  Copelatus  as  they 
are  to  each  other.  The  form  of  the  thorax  would  indicate,  however,  that  it 
must  be  received  as  a  distinct  genus,  but  the  characters,  on  close  examination, 
appear  to  be  of  little  value  ;  the  best  differences  are  found  in  the  elongation  of 
the  last  joint  of  the  anterior  and  middle  tarsi,  the  smaller  size  of  the  spurs  of 
the  posterior  tibiae,  and  the  more  regular  form  of  the  posterior  tarsi,  which  are 
not  attenuated  at  the  apex.  The  middle  lobe  of  the  mentum  in  the  species  here 
described  is  broad,  short,  and  very  obsoletely  sinuated,  while  the  mentum  of 
Anisomera  is  described  as  having  the  middle  lobe  slightly  prominent  in  the 
middle;  this  character  must  be  re-examined  with  other  specimens,  as,  if  it  be 
correctly  described,  the  present  species  cannot  be  associated  with  the  type  of 
the  genus;  the  prosternum  is  less  compressed  than  in  Copelatus.  Agabus  is 
described  as  having  the  prosternum  strongly  compressed  and  carinate;  this 
structure  is  found  in  A.  tan  iatus  Aube ,  and  many  others,  but  is  hardly  to  be 
observed  in  A.  s  t  r  i  a  t  u  s  Aube.  I  would  also  observe  that  Agabus  a  n- 
gustus  Lee.  (Agassiz.  Lake  Sup.,  213)  by  having  the  thorax  much  rounded 
before,  and  nearly  parallel  behind  the  middle,  shows  a  tendency  towards  the 
peculiar  form  seen  in  Anisomera. 

A.  cordata,  supra  aeneo-picea,  elongato-ovalis,  depressa,  subtilissime  re¬ 
ticulata,  thorace  brevi,  postice  angustato,  et  lateribus  sinuato,  elytris  thorace 
vix  latioribus,  postice  non  dilatatis  ;  subtus  nigra,  ore  antennis  pedibusque  ru- 
bro-piceis.  Long  *45. 

Santa  Fe,  New  Mexico.  Mr.  Fendler.  Varies,  with  black  feet ;  the  sides  of  the 
thorax  are  strongly  rounded  in  front,  and  subsinuate  behind  ;  the  base  is  as 
wide  as  the  ap?x,  the  anterior  dilatation  being  produced  by  the  curvature  of  the 
sides  ;  the  anterior  angles  are  acute,  the  posterior  angles  rectangular.  The 
elytra  are  very  little  wider  than  the  widest  part  of  the  thorax,  regularly  elongate, 
elliptical,  with  the  usual  series  of  punctures  becoming  irregular  towards  the  tip. 


18^.] 


Amphizoa  Lee.  (Fam.  nova?) 

Pedes  ambulatorii,  tarsi  pentameri,  articulo  ultimo  valde  elongato  ;  antennae 
11-articulatae,  liliforrnes,  glabrae;  palpi  breves  cylindrici;  maxillae  lobo  interiore 
arcuato  acuto,  exteriore  biarticulato,  palpiformi ;  prosternum  postiee  productum, 
obtusum;  coxae  antic®  et  intermediae  parvae,  globosae,  p-tsticae  transversae  ad  mar- 
ginem  corporis  extensae  ;  abdomen  (j-articulatum,  articulis  3  primis  connatis. 

After  repeated  comparisons  with  genera  of  all  the  families  to  which  this  in¬ 
sect  seems  allied,  it  has  been  found  impossible  to  place  it  in  any  of  the  pre¬ 
viously  established  groups.  A  full  discussion  of  the  comparative  value  of  the 
characters  offered  by  it,  would  involve  an  examination  of  the  fundamental  prin¬ 
ciples  of  classification  of  the  terrestrial  and  aquatic  predacious  beetles  ;  the  ma¬ 
terial  for  such  a  discussion  is  not  yet  available  in  this  country,  and  it  must 
therefore  be  postponed  to  a  future  occasion.  For  the  present,  a  few  observations, 
on  some  heretofore  neglected  relations  existing  between  those  families,  will  be 
sufficient  to  indicate  the  position  of  Amphizoa. 

A  large  series  of  pentamerous,  carniverous  Coleoptera,  may  be  characterized 
as  having  the  antennae  neither  clavate  nor  lamellate,  but  usually  filiform,  and 
the  prothorax  with  distinct  epimera  and  episterna;  the  anterior  coxae  small,  not 
prominent,  usually  globular;  the  trochanters  always  simple;  the  anterior  seg¬ 
ments  of  the  abdomen  connate.  This  series  may  be  divided  into  two  great  groups. 

I.  In  the  first  the  anterior  coxa?  are  contained  in  the  prosternum  alone  ;  the 
posterior  coxae  do  not  extend  to  the  margin  of  the  body,  so  that  the  first  ventral 
segment  of  the  abdomen  reaches  the  parapleurae,  and  articulates  with  them. 
(The  antennae  are  always  regular,  the  basal  joints  glabrous,  the  outer  ones 
pubescent;  the  anterior  coxae  always  globular.)  This  group  consists  of  the 
Cicindelid®  and  Carabidae. 

II.  In  the  second,  the  anterior  coxae  are  received  between  the  pro  and  mesos- 
ternum,  the  posterior  portion  of  the  acetabulum  being  composed  of  the  latter; 
the  posterior  coxae  extend  to  the  margin  of  the  body,  so  that  the  connection 
between  the  parapleurae  and  first  ventral  segment  of  the  abdomen  is  entirely 
cut  off.  This  group  is  composed  of  the  aquatic  families  Haliplid®,  Dytiscidae, 
and  Gyrinidae. 

Recurring  now  to  the  second  group,  it  will  be  found  that  Amphizoa  agrees 
with  it  in  the  glabrous  antennae,  and  in  the  form  of  the  head,  labrum,  maxillae 
and  m^ntum  ;  the  latter  is  large,  deeply  emarginate,  with  the  lateral  lobes 
rounded;  in  the  middle  of  the  emargination  is  a  broad,  short,  blunt  tooth.  The 
ligula  is  large,  filling  the  emargination  of  the  chin,  truncate  at  tip,  and  promi¬ 
nent  along  the  middle  and  apex,  so  as  to  present  a  form  like  the  letter  T.  The 
maxill®  are  of  the  ordinary  form  seen  in  Carabidae,  but  the  inner  lobe  is  not 
ciliated.  The  prosternum  is  not  elevated,  it  is  not  lobed  in  front,  but  poste¬ 
riorly  is  produced  in  an  obtuse  spatula-like  process,  fitting  into  the  mesoster- 
iium,  which  is  excavated  through  its  entire  length ;  the  anterior  coxae  are  mode¬ 
rately  distant,  small  and  round.  The  episterna  are  divided  by  an  oblique  suture 
from  the  hurnerus  to  the  middle  coxae.  The  parapleurae  are  slightly  triangular, 
not  appendiculate,  and  entirely  separated  from  the  ventral  portion  of  the  abdo¬ 
men  by  the  posterior  coxae,  "which  are  transverse,  flat  externally,  slightly 
elevated  and  diverging  at  the  insertion  of  the  leg,  as  in  Carabidae  ;  the  diverg¬ 
ing  lobes  are  obtusely  rounded,  but  not  so  much  elevated  as  to  allow  the  freedom 
of  motion  observed  in  Dytiscidae.  The  legs  are  not  at  all  compressed  ;  the  femora 
and  tibiae  are  slender  and  finely  scabrous,  with  elevated  points,  the  terminal 
spurs  of  the  tibiae  are  small  ;  the  tarsi  are  three-fourths  as  long  as  the  tibiae, 
filiform,  glabrous,  scarcely  rouuh  or  pubescent  beneath ;  the  first  four  joints  are 
equal,  the  last  joint  is  equal  to  the  three  preceding  united  ;  the  claws  are  mode¬ 
rate,  equal  and  simple. 

It  will  be  found  in  comparing  these  characters  with  those  of  Dytiscus,  that 
the  only  important  differences  are  in  the  form  of  the  feet,  and  in  the  smaller 
size  of  the  posterior  coxae.  Now,  although  the  Dytiscidae  and  Haliplidae,  which 
are  certainly  closely  related,  agree  in  having  natatorial  feet,  they  differ  greatly 
in  the  modification  of  form,  those  of  Haliplus  being  much  nearer  the  terrestrial, 


228 


[January, 


or  ambulatorial  type.  The  posterior  coxae  also  differ  greatly  in  the  two  fami¬ 
lies,  those  of  Haliplus  being  dilated  into  a  broad  plate,  under  which  the  poste¬ 
rior  legs  can  be  withdrawn.  We  must,  therefore,  conclude  that  the  differences 
between  Amphizoa  and  the  two  families  just  mentioned,  are  not  of  greater 
value  than  the  differences  between  those  two  families  themselves. 

The  other  relations  of  this  insect  from  the  form  of  the  tarsi,  wrould  appear  to 
be  slightly  towards  Parnus.  The  roughness  of  the  surface  above  and  below  is 
of  a  peculiar  nature,  and  resembles  very  much  what  is  found  in  certain  Bupres- 
tidae ;  in  fact,  from  the  general  appearance  of  the  insect,  it  would  at  first  sight 
be  supposed  to  have  some  affinity  to  the  broad  Madagascar  Buprestidae  forming 
the  genus  Polybothris.  Of  its  habits  nothing  is  known. 

I  would  therefore  divide  the  group  now  under  consideration  into  four  families, 
thus  : 

A.  Mesosternum  parvum;  (antennae  filiformes,  oculi  duo,  coxae  intermediae 
globosae.) 

1.  Pedes  ambulatorii,  tenues,  coxae  posticae  transversae,  mediocres.  Amphizoidje. 

2.  Pedes  subnatatorii,  tenues,  coxae  posticae  magnae  laminatae.  Haliplid.e. 

3.  Pedes  postici  natatorii,  compressi,  coxae  posticae  magnae,  sim- 

plices.  Dytiscid,e. 

B.  Mesosternum  maximum  ;  (antennae  breves,  perfoliatae,  oculi  quatuor.) 

4.  Pedes  posteriores  natatorii,  valde  compressi,  coxce  intermediae 

triangulares  planae.  GyrinidvE. 

Having  now  ascertained  as  far  as  practicable  the  position  of  Amphizoa,  we 
may  proceed  to  the  specific  description  of  the  only  species  yet  obtained. 

A.  in  s  ol  e  n  s,  atra,  opaca,  subvirescens,  glabra,  thorace  scabro,  canalieu- 
lato,  antrorsum  angustato,  lateribus  subserratis,  ad  medium  subangulatis, 
postice  subangustato,  angulis  posticis  acutis,  elytris  ovalibus,  substriatis, 
scabro-punctatis,  thorace  duplo  latioribus.  Long.  *52. 

Sacramento,  California,  collected  by  Mr.  J.  Childs,  and  given  me  by  Mr. 
Rathvon.  Color  dull  black,  slightly  tinged  with  greenish,  without  lustre.  Head 
irregularly  rugous  and  punctulate,  with  two- shallow  impressions  between  the 
antennae.  Labrum  covering  the  obtuse  mandibles,  slightly  and  broadly  emar- 
ginate  in  front.  Thorax  twice  as  wide  as  the  head,  flat,  scabrous  ;  sides  sub- 
serrate,  strongly  narrowed  from  the  middle  to  the  apex,  slightly  narrowed  and 
subsinuate  posteriorly ;  base  very  broadly  bisinuate,  posterior  angles  acute ; 
disc  channeled,  with  a  shallow  impression  each  side  at  the  base,  and  a  broad 
transverse  one  before  the  middle.  Elytra  broadly  oval,  slightly  convex,  nearly 
twice  as  wide  as  the  thorax,  scarcely  one  half  longer  than  wide,  scabrous  with 
shallow  punctures,  striate  with  nine  slightly  impressed  grooves,  which  appear 
coarsely  and  indistinctly  punctured.  Scutellum  flat,  broad,  acute  at  apex. 
Under  surface  of  the  body  covered  with  shallow  confluent  punctures  and 
wrinkles.  Legs  scabrous  writh  fine  elevated  punctures.  No  sexual  difference 
observed  in  five  specimens  examined. 

Stenocolus  Lee.  (Atopidce.) 

Tarsi  elongati  tenues,  unguibus  simplicibus,  paranychio  bisetoso ;  caput 
clypeo  distincto,  antice  membranaceo ;  mandibulae  apice  integra; ;  antennae 
elongatae,  serratae,  articulo  2ndo  minuto  ;  palpi  maxillares  breviusculi  cylindrici. 

This  genus  resembles  in  its  characters  Anchytarsus  Guerin ,  but  differs  in 
having  a  distinct  transverse  suture  each  side  between  the  antennae ;  in  the 
middle  this  suture  is  not  obvious,  but  the  front  is  slightly  elevated,  so  that  the 
suture  appears  slightly  sinuous  ;  the  anterior  part  of  the  clypeus  is  membra¬ 
neous;  the  labrum  is  transverse  and  rounded  ;  the  eyes  are  round,  the  proster¬ 
num  projects  posteriorly,  and  the  mesosternum  is  concave  ;  the  tarsi  are  long 
and  slender,  the  first  four  joints  are  very  slightly  pubescent  beneath,  and 
the  first  joint  is  a  little  elongated ;  the  last  joint  is  as  long  as  the  three  pre¬ 
ceding  united.  The  claws  are  moderate  and  simple ;  the  intermediate  appen¬ 
dage  is  small  and  terminates  in  two  bristles. 


1853.] 


229 


The  Atopidae  seem  by  this  genus  and  Anchytarsus  to  show  a  slight  affinity 
towards  the  Parnidae,  through  the  anomalous  genus  Eurypalpus  Lee.  (Proc. 
Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  6,  41.) 

S.  scutellaris,  elongato-oblongus,  piceus,  fusco  pruinosus,  thorace  punc- 
tato,  antrorsum  angustato,  basi  bisinuato,  angulis  posticis  acutis,  elytris  scabro- 
punctatis,  scutello  albo  pubescente.  Long.  *55 — 87. 

One  pair,  Sacramento,  California,  from  Mr.  Rathvon.  Body  elongate,  nar¬ 
rowed  at  each  end,  sides  parallel  at  the  middle,  piceous,  covered  with  very  short 
depressed,  dirt  colored  pubescence.  Antennae  black,  strongly  serrate  in  the 
male,  slightly  serrate  in  the  female.  Thorax  nearly  three  times  as  wide  as  the 
head,  nearly  twice  as  wide  as  long,  strongly  narrowed  in  front,  sides  at  the 
middle  almost  angulated,  then  slightly  concave  to  the  posterior  angles,  which 
are  acute  ;  base  Insinuate  ;  surface  finely  punctured,  broadly  concave  along  the 
margin  behind  the  middle,  and  broadly  transversely  impressed  at  the  base. 
Scutellum  round,  covered  with  dense  white  hair.  Elytra  scabrous  with  shallow, 
punctures,  spaces  between  the  punctures  finely  punctulate  ;  the  elevated  lines, 
which  may  be  traced  in  allied  genera  are  slightly  visible.  Body  beneath  more 
densely  pruinose  with  short  cinereous  hair. 

The  other  species  of  this  family  known  to  inhabit  the  United  States  are  : 

1.  Anchytarsus  b  i  c  o  1  ©  r.  Atopa  bicolor  !  Mels.  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  2, 
221.  Anehytursux  ater  Guerin  Icon.  Anim.  Artie.,  No.  15,  (Jan.  1849.)  Penn¬ 
sylvania,  S.  S.  Haldeman. 

2.  Odontonyx  o r  n  a  t  a  Guerin,  loc.  cit.  No.  14.  Atopa  ornata  !  Mels.  Pr. 
Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  2,  220.  Pennsylvania,  not  rare. 

3.  Dascillus  melanophthalmus  Guerin,  loc.  cit.  No.  13,  p.  6.  I 
have  not  seen  this  species,  but  learn  from  my  father  that  it  occurs  in  Georgia. 
Atopa  fusca  Mds.  (Proc.  Acad.  2,  221)  is,  as  Guerin  has  already  observed,  a 
Ptilodactyla,  and  therefore  cannot  be  placed  in  this  family. 

The  singular  genus  Zenoa  Say  (Bost.  Journ.  Nat.  Hist.  1,  153,)  differs  from 
the  genera  above  cited,  by  its  immarginate  thorax,  prominent  mandibles,  sub- 
pectinate  antennae,  and  elongate  densely  hairy  paranychia  ;  these  characters 
approximate  it  to  Sandalus  (female) ;  from  the  Rhipiceridae,  however,  it  differs 
in  having  the  anterior  coxae  more  deeply  imbedded  between  the  pro-  and  meso- 
sternum,  and  also  in  the  absence  of  lobes  on  the  under  surface  of  the  tarsi ;  in  the 
Atopidae  we  know  already  that  the  latter  is  a  variable  character,  and  there 
appears  to  me  no  good  reason  why  the  two  families,  Atopidae  and  Rhipiciderae 
should  not  be  merged  together.  The  synonymy  of  the  only  species  of  Zenoa 
known  to  me  is  : 

Z.  p  i  c  e  a  Lee.  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  New  Ser.  1,  89.  Melasis  picea  Beau- 
vois,  Ins.  7,  tab.  7,  fig.  1.  Sandalus  {Zenoa)  picea  Say,  Bost.  Journ.  Nat. 
Hist.  1,  152.  Zenoa  vulnerata  Lee.  loc.  cit. 

Middle  and  Western  States  :  the  last  synonym  belongs  to  a  variety  with  the 
thorax  partly  red. 

Cerophytum  is  usually  placed  in  the  vicinity  of  these  genera,  and  has  been 
bandied  about  between  Eucnemides,  Rhipiceridae  and  Cebrionidae;  it  must, 
however,  belong  to  the  latter  family.  The  great  development  of  the  trochanters 
entirely  separates  the  femora  from  the  coxae ;  the  same  structure  is  to  be  found 
in  Cebrio  bicolor,  although  the  trochanters  are  not  so  long  ;  the  indistinct 
labrum  and  globular  anterior  coxae  also  place  it  with  Cebrio,  while  the  whole 
form  of  the  head,  as  well  as  the  general  appearance,  would  separate  it  from  the 
Eucnemides,  which,  as  I  have  already  observed,*  should  be  considered  as  a 
group  of  Elateridae.  The  small  mandibles  and  lobed  tarsi  are  certainly  very 
different  from  those  of  Cebrio,  but  we  know  that  the  latter  character  is  merely 
of  generic  value  in  both  Elateridae  and  Atopidae.  The  description  of  Haldeman 
is  incorrect  as  regards  the  posterior  feet,  in  which  the  coxa  are  said  to  be  very 


Proceedings  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  6,  45. 


230  [January, 

long,  while  in  reality  the  trochanter  is  meant.  The  bibliography  of  our  species 
is  as  follows : 

C.  pulsator  Hald.  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  3,  348.  Chorda  pnlsator  Hald. 
ibid.  3,  150. 

For  the  typical  female  I  am  indebted  to  the  liberality  of  Mr.  Ilaldeman  ;  and 
for  a  fine  male,  found  in  Ohio,  to  Dr.  Schaum. 

Chauliognathus  Hentz . 

1.  C.  discus,  luteus,  antennis  pedibus  pectoreque  medio  nigris,  thorace 
elliptico  longiusculo,  lateribus  reflexis.  Long.  *6. 

Several  specimens,  from  the  Mexican  Boundary,  Prof.  Baird ;  collected  by 
Mr.  Clark,  under  Col.  J.  D.  Graham.  Body  elongate,  parallel,  very  finely 
pubescent,  luteous  yellow  ;  antennae  black,  3d  joint  nearly  equal  to  the  4th ; 
head  elongate,  palpi  and  mandibles  black  ;  occiput  sometimes  fuscous ;  thorax 
nearly  twice  as  wide  as  the  head,  longer  than  wide,  apex  very  much  rounded, 
slightly  reflexed,  base  less  rounded,  margined,  sides  strongly  reflexed,  disc 
scarcely  uneven,  shining,  sometimes  with  a  black  spot  on  the  little  protuberance 
each  side  of  the  middle;  elytra  opaque,  coarsely  punctured  with  two  faint  ele¬ 
vated  lines  ;  sometimes  each  is  marked  with  a  black  dot  at  the  posterior  third. 
Beneath  luteous,  middle  of  the  pectus  and  feet  black ;  trochanters  testaceous  ; 
anal  segment  of  the  male  fuscous. 

2.  C.  s  c  ut  e  1 1  a  r  i  s,  elongatus,  niger,  thorace  luteo  maculis  2  nigris  conflu- 
entibus  notato,  apice  rotundato,  lateribus  reflexo,  elytris  luteis  macula  com- 
muni  scutellari  posticaque  utrinque  nigris,  abdomine  luteo.  Long.  *48. 

Several  males  from  the  same  locality  as  the  preceding.  Body  slender,  black, 
finely  pubescent ;  head  moderately  elongated,  third  joint  of  the  antennae  one 
half  as  long  as  the  4th;  thorax  a  little  longer  than  wide,  rounded  at  the  apex, 
reflexed  at  the  sides,  margined  and  slightly  sinuate  at  base,  disc  uneven,  with¬ 
out  lustre,  yellow,  with  two  large  confluent  black  spots.  Elytra  without  lustre, 
coarsely  punctured,  yellow,  with  a  large  common  triangular  spot  at  the  base, 
and  another  elongate  one  on  each  behind  the  middle,  black.  Abdomen  yellow. 

Collops  Erickson. 

C.  balteatus,  niger,  breviter  nigro-pilosellus,  brevissime  argenteo  pu- 
bescens,  capite  antice,  thoracis  subtiliter  punctulati  limbo  loto,  antennarumque 
basi  rufis,  elytris  punctatissimis  rufis  basi  maculaque  postica  maxima  cyaneis. 
Long.  *31 

Two  specimens  from  Tampico  (Mexico),  Lieut.  H.  Haldeman  ;  and  one  from 
the  Mexican  Boundary,  collected  by  Mr.  Clark.  This  is  the  largest  species  I 
have  seen.  Head  black,  front  mouth  and  base  of  antennae  rufous.  Thorax  very 
finely  punctured,  one  half  wider  than  long,  rounded,  rufous,  with  a  large  hexa¬ 
gonal  black  spot,  which/is  a  little  emarginate  before  and  behind.  Elytra  wider 
than  the  thorax,  very  densely  punctured,  rufous  with  four  blue  spots,  which  are 
so  large  that  only  a  narrow  sutural  lateral  and  apical  margin  and  a  transverse 
band  before  the  middle  remain  reddish  yellow.  Beneath  black,  with  the  ante- 
pectus,  and  margins  of  the  abdominal  segments  testaceous.  Feet  black;  knees 
obsoletely  rufous. 

The  outer  joints  of  the  antennae  of  the  male  are  dark  colored,  though  not 
black  as  in  the  female. 

Clerus  Geoffr. 

C.  Spinolae,  niger,  pilosus,  elytris  convexiusculis,  rugose  punctulatis,  coc- 
cineis  macula  humerali  fasciaque  ad  trientem  secundum  nigris,  abdomine  san- 
guineo.  Long  *38 — *52. 

Several  specimens  from  the  Mexican  Boundary.  Body  black,  hairy.  Head 
finely  but  not  densely  punctured,  first  joint  of  antenna?  red  beneath.  Thorax 
wider  than  the  head,  punctulate,  moderately  convex,  broadly  and  deeply  im¬ 
pressed  anteriorly.  Elytra  more  than  one  half  wider  than  the  head,  moderately 
convex,  densely  rugosely  punctulate,  pubescent  with  fine  yellow  hairs,  with  a 


1853.] 


231 


few  black  bristles  intermixed  ;  color  bright  scarlet,  with  a  black  humeral  spot, 
and  a  black  band  at  the  second  third  of  their  length,  which  almost  reaches  the 
side  and  the  suture,  leaving  only  the  extreme  bead  of  the  margins  red.  Beneath 
black,  abdomen  sanguineous. 

The  posterior  band  of  the  elytra  is  sometimes  narrow  and  more  widely  inter¬ 
rupted  at  the  suture  ;  the  elytra  are  sometimes  orange-colored,  rather  than 
scarlet. 

This  very  beautiful  species  is  dedicated  to  the  Marquis  Max.  de  Spinola, 
author  of  the  finely  illustrated  “  Essai  Monographique  sur  les  Clerites.” 

TosTEGorTERA  Edwards. 

T.  cribrosa,  brevis,  inflata,  purpureo-picea,  supra  glabra  (?), thorace  vario- 
loso,  antice  medio  paulo  deplanato,  elytris  subreticulatis,  longitudinaliter 
obsolete  sulcatis.  Long.  .’6:3. 

Two  females  from  the  Mexican  Boundary,  collected  as  above.  The  genus 
was  founded  by  M.  Milne-Edwards  in  the  “  Catalogue  de  la  Collection  Entomo- 
logique  du  Museum  d’Histoire  Naturelle  de  Paris,”  p.  149,  upon  Melolontha 
lanceolate  Say,  (Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  3,242),  with  which  this  species  agrees 
in  form  and  structure,  but  differs  remarkably  by  the  coarse  sculpture  of  the 
upper  surface,  and  by  the  absence  of  all  pubescence  or  scaly  appendages.  The 
latter  may  have  been  removed  by  the  alcohol  in  which  the  specimens  were  pre¬ 
served,  but  on  very  careful  examination  no  trace  of  them  could  be  found.  The 
body  beneath  is  shining,  sparsely  and  finely  punctured,  with  a  short  hair  pro¬ 
ceeding  from  each  puncture. 

(A  male  seen  in  the  Smithsonian  Institution  at  Washington,  differed  in  having 
the  body  more  regularly  oval,  less  convex,  and  not  inflated  posteriorly.) 

Cremastochilus  Knock. 

1.  C.  Schaumii,  ater,  opacus,  breviter  setosus,  thorace  confertim  punctato, 
lateribus  rotundato,  angulis  anticis  foveatis,  posticis  acutis  subelevatis,  elytris 
punctis  ellipticis  minus  profundis,  mento  modice  concavo,  postice  subacuto. 
Long.  *6. 

San  Diego  and  Sta  Isabel,  California.  Black,  almost  without  lustre.  Head 
finely  scabrous ;  mentum  shallow,  moderately  concave,  rounded  in  front,  ob¬ 
liquely  narrowed  behind,  so  as  to  be  slightly  angulated  posteriorly.  Thorax 
one  half  wider  than  long,  narrowed  in  front,  rounded  on  the  sides  ;  disc  tolerably 
densely,  not  deeply  punctured,  with  short  bristles  from  the  punctures;  anterior 
angles  foveate  internally,  posterior  angles  acute,  scarcely  elevated ;  base 
bisinuate,  faintly  impressed  each  side.  Elytra  flattened,  not  uneven,  sparsely 
punctured  with  large  elliptical  shallow  foveae,  from  which  proceed  short 
bristles. 

This  species  is  larger  than  C.  canaliculatus  Kirby ,  and  is  very  different 
in  the  form  of  the  mentum  and  thorax,  and  in  the  less  distinct  punctuation  of 
the  head.  There  is  not  a  trace  of  emargination  at  the  posterior  part  of  the 
mentum  ;  the  anterior  angles  of  the  thorax  appear  to  be  more  deeply  foveate  in 
the  male  than  in  the  female.  The  excellent  labors  of  Dr.  Schaum  in  the  pre¬ 
sent  tribe  are  well  known  to  every  entomologist. 

2.  C.  K  n  o  ch  ii,  ater,  subnitidus,  glaber,  thorace  parce  varioloso  canalicu- 
lato,  lateribus  rotundatis,  angulis  anticis  foveatis,  posticis  elevatis  nitidis,  basi 
utrinque  impresso,  elytris  inaequalibus,  punctis  ellipticis  minus  profundis,  mento 
modice  concavo,  postice  acuto.  Long.  *45. 

Missouri  Territory.  Black,  with  but  little  lustre.  Head  densely  punctured, 
mentum  shallow,  moderately  concave,  rounded  in  front,  obliquely  narrowed 
behind,  so  as  to  form  an  angle  posteriorly.  Thorax  almost  one  half  wider  than 
long,  channelled,  narrowed  in  front,  rounded  on  the  sides  ;  disc  sparsely  punc¬ 
tured,  punctures  large  and  shallow ;  anterior  angles  with  a  small  fovea,  pos¬ 
terior  acute,  shining,  moderately  elevated,  base  scarcely  sinuate,  with  a  broad 
moderately  deep  impression  each  side.  Elytra  flattened,  with  indications  of 
two  broad  grooves  on  each  side ;  surface  somewhat  irregular,  impressed  with 

37 


232 


[January, 


large  shallow  elliptical  punctures.  This  and  the  preceding  seem  related  to  C. 
mexicanus  Schaum  (Germ.  Zeitschr.  3,  256  ;  Am.  Ent.  Fr.  2d  ser.  2,  pi.  11, 
fig.  8),  but  the  posterior  angles  are  not  tuberculate. 

Two  specimens  of  this  species  were  found  by  me  on  the  Arkansas  River,  near 
the  Rocky  Mountains  ;  one  of  them  is  now  in  the  collection  of  Dr.  Schaum. 
Descriptions  of  this  and  the  next  species  were  furnished  by  me  four  years  ago 
to  Mr.  Westwood,  for  an  anticipated  monograph  of  Cremastochilus,  which,  how¬ 
ever,  although  quoted  in  Schaum’s  Catalogue  of  Cetoniae,  appears  not  to  have 
been  published  ;  and  therefore  considering  them  as  interesting  additions  to  our 
fauna,  I  take  the  present  opportunity  of  making  them  known. 

3.  C.  n  i  t  e  n  s,  nigro-castaneus,  nitidus,  breviter  setosus,  thorace  parce  vario- 
loso,  antrorsum  valde  angustato,  basi  subito  constricto,  angulis  posticis  auricu- 
latis,  anticis  foveatis,  elytris  inaequalibus  sat  dense  punctatis,  mento  valde 
concavo,  rhomboideo.  Long.  *43. 

Missouri  Territory.  Brownish  black,  shining.  Head  strongly  scabrous ; 
mentum  deeply  concave,  subrhomboidal,  anteriorly  broadly  rounded,  lateral  and 
posterior  angles  distinct.  Thorax  one  half  wider  than  long,  strongly  narrowed 
in  front,  rounded  on  the  sides,  very  strongly  constricted  near  the  base,  so  that 
the  base  is  not  wider  than  the  apex;  surface  sparsely  and  deeply  punctured, 
with  very  short  yellow  bristles  proceeding  from  the  punctures  ;  anterior  angles 
not  acute,  deeply  foveate,  posterior  angles  forming  a  round  shining  tubercle, 
separated  by  a  deep  cut  from  the  body  of  the  thorax  ;  base  very  much  depressed, 
smooth.  Elytra  deep  red  towards  the  middle,  flattened,  slightly  uneven,  covered 
with  moderately  close  rounded  shallow  punctures,  from  which  proceed  short 
yellow  hairs. 

These  three  species  seem  to  belong  to  Burmeister’s  genus  Psilocnemis,  by 
the  form  of  the  lower  lip,  but  as  there  is  not  a  complete  resemblance  among 
them  in  this  respect,  I  follow  Schaum’s  example  in  merging  the  two  genera 
together. 

Among  our  previously  described  Cremastochilus,  may  also  be  observed  con¬ 
siderable  difference  in  the  form  of  the  lower  lip.  That  organ  is  only  slightly 
emarginate  posteriorly  in  C.  variolosus,  while  it  is  deeply  cleft  in  C.  Harrisii, 
canaliculatus  and  castaneas.  C.  junior  (Westw.),  quoted  in  Schaum’s  Catalogue 
of  Lamellicornia  melitophila,  is  unknown  to  me,  nor  have  I  in  my  collection 
any  specimens  from  the  Atlantic  States,  which  cannot  be  referred  to  the  four 
species  just  mentioned. 

C.  p  o  1  i  t  u  s  Schaum  {Psilocnemis  leucostica  Burm.)  is  considered  as  North 
American  on  the  authority  of  a  single  specimen  communicated  by  Mr.  Gory  to 
Burmeister.  The  fact  that  the  Western  species  above  described  agree  in  the 
absence  of  the  emargination  of  the  lower  lip,  induces  me  to  believe  that  the 
species  in  question  is  really  Mexican.  The  distinction  of  locality  in  regard  to 
North  America  is  very  frequently  not  attended  to  wi^h  sufficient  care  by  Euro¬ 
pean  Naturalists,  who  possibly  have  a  prophetic  eye  towards  the  extension  of 
ihe  republic ;  which  event,  however  desirable  for  the  increase  of  our  fauna, 
cannot  alter  the  preordained  laws  of  distribution  of  species. 

Alloeocnemis  Lee.  (Nitidularias,  Peltides.) 

Oculi  duo  laterales  prominuli;  antennae  11-articulatae,  articulis  tribus  ultimis 
maioribus,  distantibus  ;  frons  concava,  apice  emarginata;  tibiae  posteriores  mu- 
tic®  ;  anticae  extus  serratae,  spina  apicali  uncata. 

1  have  merely  given  the  characters  to  distinguish  this  curious  genus  from  the 
genera  described  by  Erichson  (Germ.  Zeitschr.  5,  445,  &c.)  ;  the  only  two  allied 
to  it  by  the  form  of  the  eyes  are  Egolia  and  Acalantha,  from  which  it  is  very 
distinct  by  having  three  enlarged  antennal  joints.  Its  form  is  nearly  that  of 
Nemosoma,  but  its  greater  size  renders  its  appearance  very  singular.  The 
pectus  and  tibiae  are  very  hairy  ;  the  two  posterior  pairs  of  tibiae  not  spinous, 
with  two  terminal  spurs,  of  which  one  is  so  small  as  to  be  indistinct;  the 
anterior  tibiae  are  slightly  compressed,  the  outer  margin  serrate,  with  small 
distant  teeth,  of  which  the  lowest  is  most  distinct;  the  apex  is  obliquely  trun- 


1853.] 


233 


cate ;  the  terminal  spur  is  tolerably  large  and  curved.  The  tarsi  are  filiform, 
the  first  joint  very  small,  inferior,  the  2d  equal  to  the  rest  united.  The  antenna? 
are  slender  and  not  much  longer  than  the  head ;  the  first  joint  is  a  little  longer 
than  the  4th,  the  3d  is  a  little  shorter  than  the  2d,  which  is  about  one  half  as 
long  as  the  first ;  the  4th — 8th  are  nearly  equal,  and  cylindrical ;  the  9th  and 
10th  triangular,  a  little  longer  than  wide;  the  11th  oval,  about  equal  to  the 
10th ;  these  last  three  are  compressed,  and  about  twice  as  wide  as  those  which 
precede. 

A.  Stoutii,  nigro-picea,  capite  magno,  scabro,  fronte  concava,  thorace 
punctulato  trapezoideo,  postice  angustato,  antice  vage  impresso,  elytris  cylin- 
dricis,  subtiliter  rugosis.  Long.  *83. 

San  Francisco,  California,  given  me  by  my  friend  Dr.  A.  B.  Stout,  to  whom 
1  take  pleasure  in  dedicating  it.  Body  dull  black  ;  head  large,  obtuse,  covered 
with  coarse  granulations,  with  a  few  erect  black  hairs  ;  front  deeply  concave  ; 
mandibles  thick  and  prominent,  apex  acute.  Thorax  narrower  than  the  head 
with  the  eyes,  not  wider  than  long,  truncate  at  base  and  apex,  narrowed  behind, 
sides  almost  straight,  deflexed  sides  scabrous,  with  erect  black  hairs ; 
disc  finely  punctulate,  broadly  transversely  impressed  before  the  middle  ; 
with  a  very  obsolete  longitudinal  line  extending  from  base  to  apex.  Elytra  as 
wide  as  the  head  and  eyes,  elongate,  cylindrical,  finely  punctulate  and  rugous, 
with  small  confluent  wrinkles,  which  are  less  dense  and  more  distinct  towards 
the  base.  Scutellum  very  small,  impressed.  Beneath  finely  and  densely  punc¬ 
tulate,  pectus  covered  with  long  yellow  hair. 

Derobrachus  Serv. 

D.  geminatus,  piceus,  nitidus,  thorace  valde  transverso,  antice  non  angus¬ 
tato,  parce  punctulato,  lateribus  quadrispinoso,  spina  antica  minore,  elytris 
laevigatis,  margine  angustiore  reflexo.  Long.  2*9. 

This  very  large  species  was  collected  by  Dr.  Henry,  U.  S.  A.,  at  Albu¬ 
querque,  New  Mexico,  and  kindly  sent  to  me.  It  is  easily  distinguished  from 
all  the  other  species,  by  having  in  addition  to  the  three  usual  large  spines,  a 
smaller  one  formed  by  the  anterior  angle  being  produced  outwards.  The  elytra 
are  entirely  smooth,  except  at  the  base,  where  a  few  indistinct  rugae  are  visible; 
the  lateral  reflexed  margin  is  much  narrower  than  in  the  other  species  ;  the 
suture  presents  scarcely  a  trace  of  the  spine  at  the  apex ;  the  abdomen  is  smooth, 
the  pectus  is  covered  with  short  yellow  hair.  The  antennae  (of  the  female)  are 
scarcely  half  as  long  as  the  body,  slender,  with  the  three  first  joints  polished 
and  sparsely  punctured  ;  the  third  joint;  is  feebly  sulcate  longitudinally.  The 
legs  are  precisely  as  in  the  other  species. 

Callichroma  Latr. 

C.  plicatum,  viridi-aeneum,  sericeum,  thorace  inaequali  transversim  plicato, 
abdomine  rufo,  antennis  pedibusque  nigris,  femoribus  rufis  apice  nigris.  Long. 
1-25. 

Mexican  Boundary,  collected  by  Mr.  Clark;  another  specimen  found  in 
Texas  by  Lieut.  Haldeman.  In  size  and  form  exactly  resembles  C.  splendidum 
Lee.,  but  differs  very  much  in  the  sculpture  of  the  thorax  and  uniform  green 
color  of  the  upper  surface. 

Eburia  Serv. 

E.  mu ti  c  a,  picea,  fusco  pubescens,  thorace  subcylindrico,  lateribus  paulo 
rotundatis,  ad  medium  vix  spinosis,  tuberculis  4  atris  nitidis  ante  medium 
ornato  (exterioribus  in  latere  sitis),  elytris  sat  dense  punctatis,  callo  basali 
exteriore,  posticoque  interiore  minoribus,  apice  truncatis.  Long.  *67 — 85. 

This  interesting  species  was  first  found  by  Lieut.  Haldeman  at  Tampico,  and 
I  have  recently  obtained  a  specimen  collected  at  New  Braunfels  in  Texas,  by 
Mr.  Lindheimer.  The  thorax  is  scarcely  longer  than  wide,  and  slightly  rounded 
on  the  sides  ;  the  lateral  spine  is  represented  by  a  mere  elevated  point ;  the  disc 
is  sparsely  punctured,  but  the  hair  obscures  the  punctures  ;  before  the  middle 
there  are  two  shining  black  tubercles,  and  on  each  side,  nearer  the  ante- 


234 


[J  ANUARY, 

rior  angle  is  another  similar  tubercle.  The  elytra  are  coarsely  punctured, 
slightly  truncate,  but  not  armed  at  tip  ;  theyhc.'Ve  each  four  small  polished  lines 
associated  by  pairs,  but  not  united,  the  outer  basal  one  is  very  small ;  the  inner 
one  of  the  posterior  pair,  which  is  placed  about  the  middle,  is  smaller  than  the 
outer. 

Physocnemuai  Hold. 

P.  amethystinum,  nigrum,  thorace  transverso,  lateribus  valde  rotun- 
datis,  basi  brevissime  tubulato,  disco  confluenter  punctato,  irregulariter  calloso, 
elytris  laete  violaceis,  nitidis,  confertim  punctatis,  femoribus  non  clavatis. 
Long.  *75. 

This  species  has  a  general  resemblance  in  appearance  to  P.  Proteus,  but  differs 
from  all  the  species  known  to  me  in  having  the  anterior  as  well  as  the  posterior 
thighs  simple ;  the  thorax  is  narrowed  in  front,  rounded  on  the  sides,  suddenly 
narrowed  towards  the  base,  which  is  slightly  tubulate;  the  sides  are  very 
densely  and  confluently  punctured,  the  disc  less  densely  so,  with  three  indistinct 
smooth  longitudinal  elevations.  The  elytra  are  shining  violet  blue,  finely  and 
densely  punctured,  the  punctures  becoming  larger  and  less  dense  towards  the 
base. 

One  specimen  was  found  at  Sacramento,  California,  by  Mr.  J.  Childs,  and 
given  me  by  Mr.  Rathvon. 

A  Callidium  from  the  same  collection  is  very  similar  to  the  female  of  C.  an- 
tennatum,  but  the  thorax  is  more  densely  punctured;  I  can  otherwise  discover 
no  difference. 

Cacoplia  Lee . 

Having,  since  the  publication  of  my  essay  on  Longicornia,  obtained,  through 
the  kindness  of  Mr.  Haldeman,  the  original  specimen  of  his  Saperda  pullata ,  I 
have  convinced  myself  that  it  must  be  referred  to  this  genus,  proposed  by  me  in 
the  Journal  of  the  Academy  (New  Ser.  2,  149.)  The  following  diagnoses  will 
enable  the  two  species  at  once  to  be  distinguished  : 

1.  C.  pullata,  fusco-testacea,  brevissime  densius  sordide  pubescens,  thorace 
parce  punctato,  linea  dorsali  postice  glabra,  elytris  thorace  latioribus  cylin- 
dricis  parce  minus  distincte  punctatis.  Long.  *68. 

Saperda  pullata  Hald.,  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  10,  55;  Lee.  Journ.  Acad.  Sc. 
2,  163.  Alabama,  Haldeman.  One  specimen. 

2.  C.  p  ruin  os  a,  testacea,  brevissime  cinereo  pubescens,  thorace  obscu- 
riore,  sat  dense  punctato,  linea  dorsali  postica  glabra,  elytris  thorace  latioribus, 
cylindricis,  distinctius  parce  punctatis.  Long.  *47. 

Lee.  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  2,  149. 

Hebestola  nebulosa\  Haldeman,  Tr.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  10,  54. 

New  York.  One  specimen. 

Monilema  Say. 

1.  M.  armatum,  elongatum,  nigrum,  thorace  laevi,  lateribus  acute  spinosis, 
apice  et  basi  punctis  marginato,  elytris  subrugosis,  parce  grosse  punctatis,  apice 
laevibus,  dorso  convexis,  lateribus  subito  declivibus.  Long.  1*25. 

Mexican  Boundary,  collected  as  before  mentioned.  This  species  is  similar  to 
M.  semipunctatum  Lee.  (Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  2,  2,  167,)  but  the  form  is 
more  elongate,  the  thorax  is  smooth  on  the  disc,  and  the  elytra  are  more  punc¬ 
tured  and  rugous. 

2.  M.  c  r  a  s  s  u  m,  breviusculum,  nigrum,  thorace  lateribus  subtuberculato, 
disco  opaco  parce  punctato,  margine  postico  punctato,  elytris  convexis,  subru¬ 
gosis  minus  dense  variolosis,  apice  laevibus.  Long.  *8. 

With  the  preceding.  This  species  is  similar  to  M.  annulatum  Say ,  but  is 
stouter  in  its  form.  The  elytra  are  much  more  coarsely  punctured,  the  punc¬ 
tures  extend  further  along  the  epipleurae  and  suture,  than  along  the  disc  ;  the 
elytra  are  very  convex,  the  sides  descend  more  abruptly  than  in  M.  annulatum, 
but  less  so  than  in  M.  armatum. 


1853.] 


235 


There  are  now  five  species 'of  this  genus  known  to  me;  they  appear  to  be 
quite  limited  in  their  distribution,  and  are  by  no  means  common  in  the  locality 
where  they  occur.  It  is  very  probable  that  further  investigation  in  the  interior 
of  the  continent  will  show  that  the  Dorcadidae  of  North  America  are  quite 
numerous,  although  thus  far  they  exhibit  a  lamentable  uniformity  of  color, 
which  will  render  the  determination  of  species  somewhat  difficult,  without 
actual  comparison  of  specimens. 

Nosoderma  Solier. 

N.  porcatum,  depressum,  sordide  fuscum,  thorace  latitudine  non  longiore, 
postice  angustato,  valde  inaequali,  elytris  sutura  costisque  3  elevatis,  intermedia 
utrinque  abbreviata,  interstitiis  irregulariter  biseriatim  punctatis  ;  apice  tuber- 
culatis.  Long.  *57. 

Sacramento,  Mr.  Rathvon.  Bears  a  strong  resemblance  to  N.  obcordatum, 
but  is  darker  colored,  the  inequalities  of  the  thorax  are  smaller  and  more  nume¬ 
rous,  and  the  punctures  and  elevations  of  the  elytra  much  more  regular ;  the 
outer  and  inner  costae  end  about  one  sixth  of  the  length  of  the  elytra  from  the 
tip,  in  moderate  dilatations  ;  the  intermediate  costa  commences  about  one  fifth 
from  the  base,  and  ends  about  one  fourth  from  the  tip ;  near  the  tip  on  each 
elytron  is  a  large  rough  tubercle.  The  under  surface  of  the  body  appears  black, 
and  is  more  distinctly  punctured  than  in  N.  obcordatum. 

There  are  now  three  species  of  this  genus  known  to  me  as  inhabiting  the 
United  States,  viz.  N.  di  abo  1  i c  u  m  Lee.  (Ann.  Lyc.  5,  130) ;  N.  obcor¬ 
datum  Lee.  (IV.  incequale[  Dej.  Cat. ;  Boletophag7is  obcordaUis  Kirby,  Faun. 
Bor.  Am.  236) ;  and  N.  porcatum  Lee.,  just  described. 

Mycterus  Oliv. 

M.  concolor,  fusco-niger,  subtiliter  cinereo-pubescens,  capite  thoraceque 
confertissime  subtilius  punctatis,  elytris  alutaceis  minus  dense  subtiliter  punc¬ 
tatis,  subtus  argenteo-pubescens,  tibiis  tarsisque  vix  rufescentibus.  Long.  *3. 

Sta  Fe,  New  Mexico,  Mr.  Fendler.  The  antennae  are  entirely  black,  and  a 
little  longer  than  the  head  and  thorax.  The  following  diagnosis  will  distinguish 
the  previously  described  North  American  species  : 

M.  s  caber,  fusco-niger,  luteo-pubescens,  capite  thoraceque  confertissime 
punctulatis.  elytris  grosse  sat  dense  punctatis,  antennis  pedibusque  rufo-testa- 
ceis.  Long.  *15 — 23. 

Haldeman,  Pr.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  1,  303. 

Southern  States,  abundant ;  Pennsylvania,  rare.  The  pubescence  of  the  under 
surface  is  somewhat  silvery ;  the  antennae  are  a  little  darker  externally  than 
at  base. 

The  only  other  member  of  this  group  of  insects  yet  known  from  our  coun¬ 
try  is,  Sphaeriestes  virescens  Lee.  (Agassiz’  Lake  Superior,  232.) 


The  Committee  on  Dr.  Woodhouse’s  description  of  a  new  species 
of  Dipodomys,  reported  in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings  : 

Description  of  a  new  species  of  Douched  Rat,  of  the  Genus  Dipodomys ,  Gray. 

By  S.  W.  Woodhouse. 

Dipodomys  Ordii. 

Charact.  Essent. — Light  reddish  brown  above,  beneath  white  ;  tail  short,  and 
penecillate  at  the  end. 

Description.  A  little  smaller  than  the  D.  Phillipii,  Gray;  head  and  tail 
shorter,  nose  long  and  pointed,  extending  some  distance  beyond  the  incisors ; 
ears  somewhat  round,  the  anterior  portion  almost  naked,  posteriorly  covered 
with  short  fine  hair. 


23G 


[January, 


Color .  Dark  reddish  brown  above  ;  sides  light  reddish  brown  ;  fur  ash  color 
at  base  ;  side  of  the  nose,  half  of  the  cheek,  spot  behind  the  ear,  band  across 
the  thigh  and  beneath  pure  white ;  a  black  spot  at  the  base  of  the  long  whiskers  ; 
a  superciliary  ridge  of  white  on  either  side;  the  penecillated  portion  of  the 
tail  is  formed  of  long  white  hairs,  with  bright  brown  tips. 

Dimensions . 


Total  length  from  tip  of  nose  to  root  of  tail, 

“  “  of  vertebra  of  tail,  . 

i(  “  of  tail,  including  hair  at  tip, 

“  “  of  os  calcis,  including  middle  toe  and  tail, 

“  “  of  ear,  . 


Inches. 

.  5 

.  4  3-10ths. 

.  5  5-10ths. 

.  1 5-10ths. 

.  4i-10ths. 


Habitat.  Western  Texas. 

Obs.  This  animal  I  procured  at  El  Paso  on  the  Rio  Grande,  on  my  way  to 
Santa  Fe,  whilst  attached  to  the  party  under  the  command  of  Captain  L. 
Sitgreaves,  U.  S.  Army.  I  have  named  it  in  honor  of  Mr.  Ord,  President  of  this 
Society. 


The  Committee  on  Dr.  HallowelTs  descriptions  of  new  Reptiles  from 
California,  reported  in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings : 

On  some  New  Reptiles  from  California. 

By  Edward  Hallowell,  M.  D. 

PITYOPHIS,  Holbrook. 

PlTYOPHIS  HEERMANNI. 

Specific  characters. — Head  small,  the  two  middle  of  the  four  posterior  frontals 
much  broader  in  front  than  behind  ;  yellow  above,  a  narrow  black  band  between 
the  orbits  ;  occipital  plates  marked  with  black  ;  a  narrow  oblique  band  of  black 
passing  from  the  posterior  margin  of  the  orbit,  to  the  angle  of  the  jaw;  body 
yellowish,  with  about  fifty  distinct  subquadrate  black  spots,  emarginate  in  front 
and  posteriorly  ;  emarginations  less  distinct  toward  tail ;  interspaces  between 
these  large  spots,  presenting  smaller  ones,  forming  a  continuous  row  on  each 
side  of  the  back ;  about  sixteen  transverse  black  spots  upon  the  tail ;  intermediate 
spaces  yellowish  ;  chin  and  throat  straw  color,  the  lateral  extremities  of  many 
of  the  scuta  with  black  spots  ;  thirty  rows  of  scales,  those  upon  the  back  small, 
and  distinctly  carinated;  the  four  or  five  inferior  rows  on  each  side  much  larger 
than  the  others,  and  smooth  ;  tail  short. 

Dimensions. — Length  of  head,  8  lines ;  greatest  breadth,  5  lines  ;  length  of 
body  1  foot,  of  tail  2  inches  3  lines  ;  total  length,  1  foot  2  inches  11  lines  ;  cir¬ 
cumference  14  lines. 

Remarks. — Abundant  in  California ;  grows  to  a  much  larger  size.  The  spe¬ 
cimen  in  the  Museum  of  the  Academy  came  from  the  mines,  in  the  vicinity  of 
the  Cosumnes  river  ;  one  specimen  was  found  under  a  log,  and  Dr.  Heermann 
found  several  basking  in  the  sun,  during  the  middle  of  the  day,  on  the  banks  of 
streams,  in  sandy  and  gravelly  places. 

CORONELLA,  Daiirenti. 

CORONELLA  BALTEATA. 

Specific,  characters. — Head  small  and  stout,  outline  oval,  depressed  above, 
covered  with  nine  plates ;  eyes  projecting,  anterior  frontals  smaller  than  poste¬ 
rior,  nostrils  between  two  plates  ;  a  very  small  frenal ;  one  large  antocular,  two 
posterior  oculars,  seven  superior  labials  on  each  side  ;  neck  contracted,  body 
slender,  cylindrical,  somewhat  thicker  near  the  middle  ;  tail  rather  short  and 
tapering  gradually  to  a  point ;  twenty-three  rows  of  smooth  hexagonal  scales  ; 
a  series  of  about  thirty  narrow  yellowish-white  fasciae,  alternating  with  as 


1853.] 


237 


many  dark  colored  blotches,  which  are  continuous  with  similarly  colored  mark¬ 
ings  upon  the  abdomen ;  the  markings  of  the  tail  resemble  those  upon  the  body, 
but  have  the  form  of  bands,  the  black  spots  being  somewhat  more  regularly 
disposed.  Abdom.  scut.  234  ;  subcaud.  51. 

Dimensions . — Length  of  head,  9  lines  ;  greatest  breadth,  5£  ;  length  of 
body  1  foot  7  inches  3  lines  ;  length  of  tail,  2  inches  9  lines  ;  total  length  1 
foot  10  inches  9  lines ;  greatest  circumference,  1  inch  6  lines. 

Dimensions  of  a  larger  specimen. — Length  of  head,  8  lines  ;  greatest  breadth, 
6£  ;  length  of  body,  2  feet  4  inches ;  of  tail,  4  inches  4^  lines  ;  total  length, 
feet  9  inches  4i  lines  ;  circumference,  2  inches  3  lines.  Abdom.  scut.  225  ;  sub¬ 
caud.  57. 

Remarks. — Found  in  the  valleys  in  the  open  prairies  ;  grows  to  a  much  larger 
size  than  either  of  the  specimens,  4  feet  in  length  ;  very  abundant,  often  killed 
by  travellers,  and  found  lying  on  the  road  side  ;  disposition  timid,  always 
endeavoring  to  escape  its  pursuers. 

Tropidonotus  tri-vittatus. 

Specific  characters. — Head  rather  small,  outline  above  triangular ;  de¬ 
pressed  posteriorly,  cheeks  tumid,  eyes  slightly  projecting,  nostrils  between 
two  plates ;  a  quadrilateral  frenal  plate ;  one  large  antorbitar,  two  pos¬ 
terior  orbitars  ;  eight  superior  labials  on  each  side,  the  sixth  the  largest ; 
neck  slightly  contracted,  abdomen  flattened,  body  of  moderate  size,  covered 
above  with  nineteen  rows  of  carinated  scales  ;  tail  of  moderate  length,  tapering 
to  a  point ;  body  jet  black  above,  with  three  narrow  vittae  extending  from 
the  head  to  the  extremity  of  the  tail ;  the  lateral  ones  become  indistinct 
the  dorsal  vitta  is  orange  colored,  and  occupies  one  row’,  and  a  half  of  each 
pf  the  adjoining  row’s  of  scales  ;  abdomen  and  under  part  of  tail  olive  colored, 
immaculate  ;  upper  surface  of  head  black.  Abdom.  scuta  146  ;  subcaud.  72. 

Dimensions. — Length  of  head  9  lines  ;  greatest  breadth  6  lines ;  length  of 
body  about  1  foot  7  inches;  of  tail  5  inches  7  lines,  (body  broken.) 

Remarks. — Resembles  Tropidonotus  concinnus,  but  wants  the  orange  colored 
spots,  and  the  lateral  vittae.  Very  abundant  about  ponds  and  on  the  banks  of 
the  Cosumnes  and  other  rivers  in  California.  On  being  approached  quickly  dives 
to  the  bottom  of  the  stream,  or  makes  its  appearance  on  the  opposite  side, 
keeping  its  head  above  water.  One  of  the  most  common  snakes  in  California. 

LEPTOPHIS,  Bell. 

Leptophis  lateralis. 

Specif  c  characters. — Head  small,  rather  long  and  slender,  covered  above  with 
nine  plates  ;  the  posterior  frontals  are  larger  than  the  anterior,  passing  dow’n 
upon  the  sides  of  the  head ;  vertical  very  long  and  narrow’,  broader  in  front ; 
nostrils  between  two  nasal  plates  ;  a  small  quadrilateral  frenal  ;  a  large  antocu- 
lar,  its  upper  portion  forming  part  of  the  lateral  surface  of  the  head  ;  below  it  a 
minute  supplementary  plate  intercalated  betw’een  the  third  and  fourth  labials  ; 
two  posterior  oculars  ;  eye  large  and  projecting,  space  between  it  and  the  nostril 
grooved  ;  eight  superior  labials,  the  fourth  and  fifth  forming  the  inferior  margin 
of  the  orbit ;  body  long  and  slender  ;  tail  rather  long  ;  color  brown  above,  with 
tw’o  narrow  yellow  vittae,  one  on  each  side,  extending  from  the  head  to  the  root 
of  the  tail ;  abdomen  and  under  surface  of  tail  straw  color,  immaculate ;  a  con¬ 
siderable  number  of  very  minute  black  points  upon  the  chin  and  throat. 
Abdom.  scuta.  196  ;  sub-caud.  122. 

Dimensions. — Length  of  head  8  lines  ;  greatest  breadth  3  lines ;  length  of 
body  1  foot  5  lines  ;  of  tail  5  inches  1  line ;  total  length  1  foot  6  inches  2  lines  ; 
circumference  9  lines.  17  row’s  of  smooth  scales. 

Remarks. — Abundant  in  the  neighborhood  of  ponds,  lakes  and  banks  of  rivers  ; 
very  timid,  escaping  to  the  water  for  protection  the  moment  it  is  approached. 
Grows  somewhat  larger. 

The  following  are  from  the  same  locality,  viz. : 


238  [Jantjari, 

Gerrhonotus  multicarixatus,  Blainville.  Nouv.  Annal.  du  Mus.,  tome  iv., 
1835,  pi.  25,  fig.  2. 

Tropidonotus  ordinatus,  Linn.  Length  of  head  and  body  1  foot  8  inches  ; 
tail  7  inches.  Abdom.  scuta,  170;  sub-caud.  85.  19 — 21  rows  of  carinated  scales. 

Coluber  pungtatus,!  Linn.  The  abdomen  and  under  parts  of  the  tail 
are  immaculate,  the  back  and  upper  part  of  the  tail  are  light  brown ; 
resembling  the  Coluber  atratus,  Hall.,  found  in  South  America,  but  the  latter 
has  carinated  scales.  Length  of  head  and  body  8£  inches  :  of  tail  3  inches. 
Abdominal  scuta  156;  sub-caudal  60.  15  rows  of  smooth  scales. 

Crotalus  Lecontei,  Hall.  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  Vol.  vi.  p.  180. 

Rana - — ,  Young.  Green,  with  blackish  spots. 

Salamandra  lugubris,  Hall.  Proceedings  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  vol.  iv.  p.  126. 
Found  in  the  spring  season  under  logs. 

Five  specimens  of  Triton  torosus,  Eschscholtz,^  (Triton  granulosa,  Skillton, — 
Sill.  Journ.  v.  vii.)  These  amphibians  are  very  abundant  on  the  edges  of  rivers 
toward  the  spring  ;  those  found  by  Dr.  Heermann  were  in  a  mountainous  coun¬ 
try.  The  river  Calaveres  having  overflowed  its  banks,  had  left  small  basins  of 
water  in  the  rocks,  in  one  of  which  about  thirty  were  seen  together.  Their 
habits  appeared  to  be  indolent ;  when  disturbed,  they  swam  away  in  a  sluggish 
manner,  moving  the  tail  chiefly,  the  anterior  extremities  lying  closely  in  con¬ 
tact  with  the  body.  A  hundred  might  be  seen  in  the  course  of  a  day,  after  a 
slight  rain,  the  ground  being  moist,  disappearing  slowly  when  approached. 
Belly  of  a  deep  bright  Vermillion  saffron,  as  well  as  the  under  part  of  tail  and 
extremities  ;  above  very  dark  brown,  appearing  almost  black  during  life. 

The  reptiles  above  described  were  presented  to  the  Academy  by  Adolphus 
L.  Heermann,  M.  D.,  who  has  recently  returned  to  Philadelphia,  after  a  journey 
of  three  years’  duration,  spent,  for  the  most  part,  in  Natural  History  pursuits,  in 
California  and  in  various  parts  of  S.  America.  Through  his  zeal  and  liberality^ 
the  Museum  of  our  Institution  has  been  greatly  enriched  in  the  departments  of  Or¬ 
nithology,  Mammalogy,  Mineralogy  and  Herpetology,  thus  presenting  a  useful 
and  honorable  example  of  leisure  and  wealth  devoted  to  the  noblest  of  human 
pursuits,  the  study  of  the  phenomena  and  laws  of  the  material  universe. 


The  Committee  appointed  under  a  Resolution  of  the  Academy, 
adopted  Dec.  30,  1851,  to  collect  subscriptions  for  the  purpose  of 
enlarging  and  improving  the  Hall, 

Reported ,  That  the  condition  of  the  Resolution  had  been  complied 
with,  and  that  six  thousand  five  hundred  dollars,  the  amount  required 
to  carry  out  the  plan  of  enlargement  then  approved  of  by  the  Academy, 
had  been  secured. 

Further  improvements  had,  however,  since  the  above  date,  been  found 
necessary  by  the  Committee,  and  the  plan  had  been  extended,  the  addi¬ 
tional  estimated  cost  of  which  would  be  about  $2000.  Part  of  this 
additional  sum  had  already  been  subscribed. 

The  Report  was  adopted,  and  the  Committee  continued. 

The  following  members  were  appointed  a  Building  Committee  :  viz. 
Dr.  T.  B.  Wilson,  Dr.  Robert  Bridges  and  Mr.  W.  S.  Yaux. 

The  Report  of  the  Publication  Committee  for  1852  was  read  and 
adopted. 

Dr.  Leidy  offered  the  following  Preamble  and  Resolutions,  which 
were  adopted : 


*  Zoologische  Atlas,  Berlin,  1829. 
f  Holbrook,  Herpetol.,  vol.  iii.  p.  81. 


1853.]  239 

The  Academy  being  informed  that  the  Commissioners  of  the  General  Land 
Office,  in  Washington,  in  their  estimates  for  the  land  surveys  of  the  coming  season, 
have  inserted  an  item  for  the  geological  survey  of  Oregon  and  the  Mauvaises 
Terres  of  Nebraska,  in  which  previous  surveys  have  shown  there  exists  the 
most  remarkable  and  interesting  fresh  water  tertiary  geological  formation  yet 
discovered  iu  this  country,  therefore  it  is 

Resolved ,  That  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia  earnestly 
recommends  the  prosecution  of  these  surveys,  believing  as  it  does  that  the 
district  proposed  to  be  surveyed  embraces  a  portion  of  the  most  interesting 
geological  region  in  this  country,  and  that  the  result  must  be  of  the  highest 
importance  to  science,  and  is  destined  to  throw  a  new  light  upon  the  natural 
history  of  this  continent  previous  to  the  period  when  the  mammoth  and  mas¬ 
todon  lived. 

Resolved ,  That  the  Academy  would  respectfully  urge  and  request  Congress 
not  to  permit  the  opportunity  to  pass  to  make  the  necessary  appropriation  to 
accomplish  the  desirable  objects  above  stated,  and  have  the  surveys  carried  out 
according  to  the  recommendation  of  the  Commissioners  of  the  General  Land 
Office. 

Resolved ,  That  this  preamble  and  series  of  resolutions  be  signed  by  the  officers 
of  the  Academy,  and  sent  by  the  Corresponding  Secretary  to  the  Commissioners 
of  the  Land  Office  at  Washington. 

On  motion  of  Dr.  Elwyn,  copies  of  the  foregoing  were  directed  to  be 
sent  to  the  Senators  from  Pennsylvania,  and  the  Representatives  from 
the  city  and  county  of  Philadelphia. 

The  Society  then  proceeded  to  an  election  for  Standing  Committees 
for  1853,  with  the  subjoined  result : 

Ethnology ,  John  S.  Phillips,  S.  S.  Haldeman,  Robert  Pearsall; 
Comparative  Anatomy  and  General  Zoology ,  Joseph  Leidy,  Edward 
Hallowell,  John  Neill;  Mammalogy ,  John  L.  LeConte,  James  C. 
Fisher,  S.  W.  Woodhouse;  Ornithology ,  John  Cassin,  Edward  Harris, 
A.  L.  Heermann ;  Herpetology  and  Ichthyology ,  Edward  Hallowell, 
John  Cassin,  Gavin  Watson;  Conchology ,  Isaac  Lea,  Thomas  B.  Wil¬ 
son,  W.  S.  W.  Ruschenberger ;  Entomology  and  Crustacea ,  S.  S.  Hal¬ 
deman,  R.  Bridges,  Wm.  S.  Zantzinger;  Botany ,  R.  Bridges,  Wm. 
S.  Zantzinger,  Elias  Durand;  Palaeontology,  T.  A.  Conrad,  Joseph 
Leidy,  T.  B.  Wilson;  Geology ,  J.  Price  Wetherill,  Aubrey  H.  Smith, 
Charles  E.  Smith;  Mineralogy ,  Wm.  S.  Vaux,  Samuel  Ashmead,  F. 
A.  Genth  ;  Physics ,  James  C.  Fisher,  B.  H.  Coates,  B.  Howard  Rand; 
Library ,  Thomas  B.  Wilson,  R.  Bridges,  R.  E.  Peterson  ;  Proceedings} 
Wm.  S.  Zantzinger,  Joseph  Leidy,  W.  S.  W.  Ruschenberger. 


ELECTION  OF  MEMBERS  AND  CORRESPONDENT. 

Prof.  Robley  Dunglison,  Dr.Wm.  V.  Keating,  and  Dr.  Addinell  Hew- 
son,  of  Philadelphia,  were  elected  Members ;  and  Lieut.  M.  F.  Maury, 
U.  S.  Navy,  Superintendent  of  the  National  Observatory  at  Washington, 
was  elected  a  Correspondent. 


38 


240 


[February, 


February  lsY. 

Professor  Frazer  in  the  Chair. 

Letters  were  read 

From  the  Secretary  of  the  Royal  Asiatic  Society,  dated  20th  Nov. 
1852,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  a  copy  of  Dr.  Ruschenberger’s 
t(  Notice  of  the  Academy/' 

From  the  Corresponding  Secretary  of  the  Albany  Institute,  dated 
January  11,  1853,  transmitting  Yol.  2  of  the  Transactions  of  the 
Institute;  and  also  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  late  Nos.  of  the 
Proceedings. 

Dr.  Woodhouse  presented  a  paper  for  publication  in  the  Proceedings, 
entitled  u  Description  of  a  new  species  of  Hesperomys."  Referred  to 
Dr.  Leidy,  Dr.  Le  Conte  and  Mr.  Cassin. 

Mr.  Cassin  presented  a  paper  from  Dr.  P.  R.  Hoy,  of  Wisconsin,  en¬ 
titled,  “  Notes  on  the  Ornithology  of  Wisconsin.”  Referred  to  Mr. 
Cassin,  Dr.  Heermann  and  Dr.  Wilson. 

A  letter  was  read  from  Dr.  William  Blanding,  addressed  to  Dr.  Hal- 
lowell,  on  the  habits  of  the  Kinixis  denticulata. 


February  8 th. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

Letters  were  read 

From  the  Secretary  of  the  Trustees  of  the  New  York  State  Library, 
dated  Albany,  Feb.  2,  1853,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  the  Proceed¬ 
ings,  Yol.  6,  No.  6. 

From  M.  Nees  Von  Esenbeck,  President  of  the  Acad.  C.  L.  C.  Na- 
turas  Curiosorum,  dated  Breslau,  10th  Nov.  1852,  acknowledging  the  re¬ 
ceipt  of  the  Journal  and  Proceedings,  and  also  of  copies  of  Dr.  Ruschen¬ 
berger’s  “  Notice  of  the  Academy,"  and  Dr.  Meigs’  Memoir  of  Dr. 
Morton. 

From  the  Secretary  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society,  dated 
Philadelphia,  Feb.  7,  1853,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  the  Journal, 
Yol.  2,  N.  S.,  part  3,  and  of  the  Proceedings,  Vol.  6,  Nos.  5  and  6. 

From  Prof.  Dunglison,  dated  Jan.  28,  1853,  acknowledging  the  re¬ 
ceipt  of  his  notice  of  election  as  a  member  of  the  Academy. 

Major  Le  Conte  presented  a  paper  for  publication  in  the  Proceedings, 
entitled,  u  An  enumeration  of  the  Vines  of  North  America,"  which 
was  referred  to  Dr.  Zantzinger,  Dr.  Bridges  and  Dr.  Pickering. 

Dr.  Le  Conte  presented  a  paper  intended  for  publication  in  the  Pro¬ 
ceedings,  entitled  u  Synopsis  of  the  Silphales  of  America,  North  of 
Mexico,’*  and  a  second  paper  entitled  “  Synopsis  of  the  Scaphidilia  of 
the  United  States ;"  both  of  which  were  referred  to  Dr.  Ruschenberger, 
Dr.  Heermann  and  Dr.  Zantzinger. 

Mr.  Conrad  presented  the  following  for  publication  in  the  Proceedings  : 
u  Synopsis  of  the  North  American  Naiades,  by  T.  A.  Conrad."  Refer¬ 
red  to  the  following  Committee:  Dr.  Wilson,  Dr.  Pickering  and  Dr. 
Ruschenberger. 


241 


1853.] 

Dr.  Leidy  called  the  attention  of  the  members  to  several  fossil  teeth,  as 
follow : 

1.  Two  superior  molar  teeth  of  Equus  Americanus ;  one  from  Texas,  the  other 
from  Ashley  River,  South  Carolina,  both  sent  by  Prof.  Holmes,  of  Charleston. 

2.  Two  superior  molar  teeth  of  a  species  of  Hipparion ,  discovered  by  Prof. 
Holmes,  on  Ashley  River,  South  Carolina.  It  is  the  first  time  this  genus  has 
been  found  in  America.  For  the  species  the  name  H.  venustum  was  proposed. 

3.  A  fragment  of  an  incisor  of  a  large  Rodent  animal,  probably,  from  its  ap¬ 
pearance,  allied  to  Hydrochoerus  capybara.  It  belonged  to  an  animal  interme¬ 
diate  in  size  to  the  latter  and  the  Casteroides  Okioensis.  The  specimen  was 
found  by  Prof.  Holmes  on  the  Ashley  River.  For  the  species  the  name  of  Oromys 
JEsopi  was  proposed. 

4.  A  fragment  of  a  molar  tooth  of  a  giant  sloth,  differing  from  any  of  the 
known  genera,  found  by  Prof.  Holmes  on  the  Ashley  River.  To  the  species 
supposed  to  be  indicated  by  the  specimen,  Enbradys  antiqxius  was  given. 

5.  A  molar  of  a  giant  sloth,  differing  from  the  last  and  other  known  genera, 
found  near  Natchez,  Mississippi.  For  the  animal  the  name  Ereptodon  priscus  was 
proposed. 


February  15  th. 

The  President,  Mr.  Ord,  in  the  Chair. 

A  letter  was  read  from  the  Secretary  of  the  Royal  Geographical  So¬ 
ciety,  dated  London,  Oct.  14,  1852,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  a 
copy  of  the  “  Notice  of  the  Academy ,”  by  Dr.  Ruschenberger. 

Also  a  letter  from  Dr.  R.  C.  Chambers,  dated  Redgrove,  Elk  Co., 
Penn.,  Feb.  6,  1853,  offering  to  the  Academy  crania  of  Mammalia, 
found  in  that  portion  of  the  State.  Referred  to  the  Curators. 

Dr.  Francis  Greene  read  a  communication  entitled,  u  Chemical 
investigation  of  the  remains  of  fossil  Mammalia,”  which  was  referred  to 
Dr.  Genth,  Dr.  Bridges  and  Dr.  Camac. 

Dr.  Genth  presented  two  papers,  for  publication  in  the  Proceedings, 
viz.  “  On  a  new  variety  of  Grey  Copper,  perhaps  a  new  mineral,”  and 
u  On  Owenite,  a  new  Mineral both  of  which  were  referred  to  Dr. 
Bridges,  Dr.  Rand  and  Dr.  Wetherill. 

Dr.  Le  Conte  presented  a  paper  for  publication  in  the  Proceedings, 
entitled,  “  Synopsis  of  the  species  of  the  Histeroid  genus  Abrseus,  in¬ 
habiting  the  United  States,”  which  was  referred  to  Dr.  Zantzinger,  Mr. 
Cassin  and  Dr.  Rand. 

Prof.  Baird  presented  a  list  of  Reptiles  collected  in  California  by  Dr. 
John  L.  LeConte,  with  descriptions  of  new  species.  Referred  to  Dr. 
Bridges,  Dr.  Hallowell  and  Dr.  Leidy. 

Dr.  Heermann  presented  a  paper  for  publication  in  the  Proceedings, 
entitled,  “  A  Catalogue  of  the  Oological  collection  of  the  Academy  of 
Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia;”  which  was  referred  to  Mr.  Cassin, 
Col.  M’Call  and  Dr.  Le  Conte. 

Mr.  Cassin  presented  a  paper  for  publication  in  the  Proceedings, 
describing  a  new  species  of  the  genus  Scalops,  from  Oregon,  from  the 
collection  of  the  U.  S.  Exploring  Expedition.  Referred  to  Dr.  Bridges, 
Dr.  Leidy  and  Dr.  Le  Conte. 

A  communication  intended  for  publication  in  the  Journal,  from  the 


242 


[February, 


Rev.  M.  J.  Berkeley,  F.  L.  S.,  and  the  Rev.  M.  A.  Curtis,  “  On  the 
Exotic  Fungi  from  the  Schweinitzian  Herbarium  in  the  Acad.  Nat.  Sci. 
of  Philadelphia,”  was  presented  and  referred  to  Dr.  Zantzinger,  Mr. 
E.  Durand  and  Dr.  Bridges. 

Mr.  Cassin  exhibited  the  specimen  of  Scalops,  described  by  him, 
under  the  name  of  Scalops  metattescens ,  in  the  paper  presented  this 
evening.  This  specimen  was  collected  in  Oregon  by  the  Naturalists 
attached  to  the  Exploring  Expedition  under  the  command  of  Capt. 
Wilkes,  U.  S  N.,  and  is  one  of  the  most  remarkable  species  of  the 
family  to  which  it  belongs. 


February  22 d. 

Vice  President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

The  Committee  to  which  was  referred  the  following  paper  by  Dr. 
Woodhouse,  reported  in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings  : 

Description  of  a  new  species  of  Mouse ,  of  the  genus  Hesperomys,  Waterhouse. 

By  S.  W.  Woodhouse,  M.  D. 

Hesperomys  Texana. 

Char.  Essent. — Smaller  than  the  H.  leucopus,  head  shorter  and  more  blunt, 
ears  smaller  and  more  round,  brown  above,  and  white,  inclining  to  yellowish, 
beneath. 

Description. — Head  large,  blunt.  Eyes  prominent,  and  dark  brown.  Ears 
large,  erect,  roundish,  oval,  blunt,  sparsely  covered  outwardly  with  short  ap- 
pressed  brown  hairs,  inwardly  with  grey.  Thumb  of  fore  feet  a  tubercle,  fur¬ 
nished  with  a  long  blunt  nail,  two  middle  toes  the  longest,  subequal.  Hind  feet 
furred,  with  the  exception  of  the  sole.  Whiskers  long. 

Color. — Hair  dark  cinereous,  above  tipped  with  pale  brown,  and  dusky,  so  as 
to  have  rather  a  mottled  appearance  ;  beneath  white  inclining  to  yellowish  ;  the 
two  colors,  that  is  to  say  above  and  beneath,  tolerably  distinctly  separated 
from  each  other  in  a  straight  line.  Tail  above  brown,  beneath  white  ;  nose 
mixed  brown  and  grey,  or  pale  browm.  Whiskers  black  and  grey  ;  legs  white  on 
their  inner  surface  only,  feet  white,  the  hairs  projecting  over  the  nails. 

Habitat. — Western  Texas. 


Dimensions. 

Total  length  from  tip  of  nose  to  root  of  tail,  .  .  2  1-10  inches. 

“  «  of  tail, . 2  1-10  “ 

“  “  of  head, . 1  1-10  “ 

Height  of  ear, . 4-10  «< 

Breadth  of  ear, . 3-10  “ 

Fore  legs, . .  1  “ 

Hind  legs,  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  16-10“ 


Observations. — I  procured  this  little  animal  on  the  Rio  Grande  near  El  Paso, 
whilst  attached  to  the  party  under  the  command  of  Captain  L.  Sitgreaves,  U.  S. 
Topographical  Engineers,  on  our  way  to  explore  the  Zuni  and  Colorado  rivers. 
Of  its  habits  I  know  nothing.  My  attention  was  called  to  this  animal  by  Major 
Le  Conte,  who  has  been  for  some  time  engaged  in  the  study  of  the  mice  of  our 
country. 


The  Committee  on  Mr.  Conrad’s  “  Synopsis  of  the  North  American 
Naiades,”  reported  in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings  : 


1853.] 


243 


A  Synopsis  of  the  Family  of  Naiades  of  North  America ,  with  Notes ,  and  a  Table 
of  some  of  the  genera  and  sub-gmera  of  the  Family ,  according  to  their  geogra¬ 
phical  distribution,  and  descriptions  of  genera  and  sub-genera. 

By  T.  A.  Conrad. 

The  present  attempt  to  give  a  synonymy  of  the  North  American  Naiades, 
has  originated  from  the  absence  of  dates  and  references  in  Mr.  Lea’s  memoirs. 
To  render  strict  justice  to  every  authoraccording  to  date  of  publication,  is  not 
only  the  duty  of  the  naturalist,  but  a  necessity  of  science.  The  difficulty  in 
the  attempt  is  to  ascertain  with  precision  the  date  of  publication  of  each  species, 
and  when  this  cannot  otherwise  be  obtained,  perhaps  it  would  be  right  to  refer 
to  the  date  on  the  title-page  of  the  volume  wherein  the  species  maybe  described. 
Mr.  Lea  never  refers  to  the  date  of  publication,  but  says,  “  my  memoir  bears 
date,”  &c.,  which  means,  the  day  it  was  read  before  a  meeting  of  a  Society, 
though  not  published  in  some  instances  until  two  years  afterwards.  In  adopting 
the  names  given  by  Rafinesque,  the  rule  will  be  observed  to  quote  no  species 
without  a  mark  of  doubt,  which  is  not  clearly  borne  out  by  the  description, 
assisted  by  reference  to  Rafinesque’s  shells  marked  by  his  own  hand,  and  now 
placed  in  the  noble  collection  of  Charles  A.  Poulson,  Esq. 

It  is  true  Rafinesque’s  descriptions  are  brief  and  many  of  them  obscure,  and 
his  figures  rude.  Others  again  are  better  characterized  than  some  of  Lamarck’s. 
Mr.  Lea  complains  that  Say  has  not  left  him  one  species  in  his  very  short  and 
incomplete  «  Synonymy  of  Western  Unios  but  on  the  other  hand,  Mr.  Lea 
credits  Rafinesque  with  only  two  species  of  the  sixty  or  seventy  he  has  named 
and  described. 

Every  man  must  work  according  to  his  means  and  his  abilities.  Rafinesque, 
in  his  day,  was  destitute  of  the  advantages  many  naturalists  now  enjoy,  and 
could  not  publish  expensive  plates  ;  and,  unfortunately,  he  had  the  examples  of 
Linne  and  Lamarck  for  short  and  indefinite  descriptions.  If  Rafinesque’s 
names  should  be  rejected,  there  seems  no  reason  why  Lamarck’s  should  not 
share  the  same  fate. 

Of  late  years,  Comparative  Anatomy  has  shown  that  genera  can  readily  be 
founded  on  differences  in  organisation  of  the  animal  inhabitants  of  shells  vary¬ 
ing  little  in  external  character,  whilst  among  the  Naiades  there  are  divisions  so 
well  marked  by  the  external  character  as  well  as  the  hinge,  that  generic  differ¬ 
ences  can  be  safely  predicted  to  exist  among  the  animals  which  inhabit  them. 
These  various  genera  are  moreover  not  indiscriminately  placed  in  every  quarter 
of  the  globe,  but  some  are  peculiar  to  one  country  and  some  to  another,  asPAXY- 
odon  and  Prisodon  to  tropical  South  America ;  Pleiodon  to  tropical  Africa,  &c., 
and  yet  an  author,  even  in  the  present  day,  is  content  to  arrange  the  Naiades  in 
a  singularly  artificial  system,  embracing  one  genus  and  seven  subgenera.  Mr. 
Gray’s  arrangement  is  far  more  natural  and  useful,  but  he  does  not  subdivide 
to  the  extent  that  Mr.  Swainson  did,  who  was  the  first  to  give  a  philosophical 
view  of  the  subject,  and  to  have  an  idea  of  geographical  distribution  of  genera. 
Mr.  Swrainson,  speaking  of  the  tuberculated  Unios  of  North  America,  observes, 
“Where  we  find  a  character,  however  trivial  it  may  appear,  pervading  a  whole 
group,  we  may  be  perfectly  assured  that  it  is  a  natural  character,  although  it  may 
not  be  the  only  one.”  And  if  this  is  true  of  the  exterior,  a  similar  uniformity  of 
character  in  the  hinge  is  still  more  important ;  and  how  strongly  marked  it  is 
in  Paxyodon,  Pleiodon  and  others ! 

It  is  supposed  that  this  family  existed  at  as  early  a  period  as  the  Carboni¬ 
ferous,  but  it  is  doubtful  if  the  shells  usually  referred  to  Unio  were  members  of 
this  group.  Certainly  none  of  the  existing  genera  are  represented  in  the  bivalves 
of  that  era,  nor  is  there  any  even  in  the  Lower  Tertiary ;  but  in  the  Crag  or 
Middle  Tertiary,  the  two  genera,  Unio  and  Anodonta  make  their  first 
appearance. 

It  is  worthy  of  remark  that  a  genus  so  nearly  related  to  Unio  as  Trigonia, 
abounded  in  numerous  species  in  the  Oolitic  and  Cretaceous  eras,  and  then 
ceasing  to  exist  during  the  long  Tertiary  periods,  reappeared  in  a  solitary  species 
of  the  present  day.  Is  not  this  long  interval  between  the  fossil  and  recent 


244 


[February, 

species,  presumptive  evidence  that  the  animal  of  the  living  shell  is  generically 
different  from  that  of  the  extinct  species  ?  The  hinge  of  a  bivalve  shell  will 
not  always  serve  to  determine  a  genus,  else  Platyodon,  would  be  a  Mya,  and 
Mycetopus  an  Anodonta  ;  but  when  a  material  difference  exists  in  the  hinge, 
some  important  variation  may  be  expected  to  exist  in  the  animal  organization! 
By  means  of  Comparative  Anatomy,  Agassiz  has  discovered  differences  in  the 
animals  of  the  North  American  Unios,  which  he  considers  sufficient  to  warrant 
the  construction  of  several  genera,  and  when  thpse  are  fully  determined  and 
compared  with  those  of  Asia,  Africa,  &c.,  it  will  very  likely  be  found  that  the 
various  genera  are  restricted  to  narrower  geographical  limits  than  the  mere 
external  characters  of  the  shells  would  lead  us  to  suppose. 

I  have  at  present  not  ventured  to  do  more  than  indicate  subgenera,  except 
among  a  few  distinct  groups.  In  Complanaria,  Swains .,  the  hinge  is  so  pecu¬ 
liar  and  different  from  the  other  genera,  that  it  is  fully  as  well  entitled  to  a 
generic  distinction  as  Alasmodonta  or  Barbala.  There  is  another  small  group 
which  is  somewhat  isolated,  the  plicated  shells,  having  bold  and  distinctive 
characters.  This  has  been  separated  from  Unio  under  the  name  of  Pleotomerus. 
The  only  aberrant  form  in  the  genus  is  U.  crassidens ,  Lam.,  which,  however, 
has  no  affinity  with  any  other  group.  U.  infucatus ,  though  somewhat  plicated, 
has  a  very  different  character,  and  belongs  to  a  distinct  group.  The  U.  rotun- 
datus ,  Lam.,  is  an  isolated  shell,  with  the  cardinal  teeth  more  like  those  of  Naia, 
Swainson ,  an  Asian  subgenus,  than  the  other  North  American  Unios. 


REFERENCES. 

Lba.— Transactions  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society,  Second  Series. 

Synopsis  of  the  Family  of  Naiades,  1852. 

Con.— Monography  of  the  Family  Unionidae. 

Proceedings  and  Journal  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  Second  Series. 
New  Fresh  Water  Shells,  May,  1834. 

Chenit.— Illustrations  Conchologiques,  &c. 

Chemn. — Chemnitz  (Martini)  Neues  Syet.  Conchyl. 

Barnes. — American  Journal  of  Sciences  and  Arts,  vol.  vi.  18. 

Hildreth.— Ib.  ib.  ib.  xiv.  18. 

Desh. — Deshayes,  New  Ed.  of  Lamarck’s  Anim.  sans  Vertebres. 

FERUS8AC,  in  Guerin’s  Mag.  de  Zoologie,  1835. 

Lam  — Lamarck,  Hist.  Nat.  des  Animaux  sans  Vertebres. 

Raf — Rafinesque,  Les  Annales  general  des  Sciences  Physiques,  1820. 

SaY. — Nicholson’s  Encyclopedia,  American  edition,  article  Conchology,  vol.  4,  1819. 
American  Conchology,  with  a  Synonymy  of  Western  Unios.  ’ 

Transylvania  Journal  of  Medicine. 

New  Harmony  Disseminator. 

Swains. — Swainson,  Exotic  Conchology  ;  Zoological  Illustrations*,  Malacology. 


Note.  The  Roman  numerals  refer  to  the  volume,  and  the  figures  following  indicate  the  page, 
plate  and  figure.  An  asterisk  {*)  indicates  the  doubtful  species. 

Unio. 

Unio  abacus,  Hald .,  Journ.  A.  N.  S.  viii.  202. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  24. 

Aberti,  Con.,  Proceed.  A.  N.  S.,  March,  1850,  v.  10. 

U.  Lamarckianus,  Lea,  1852,  x.  22,  17,  20. 
acu^issimus,  Lea ,  Aug.  1834,  iv.  89,  10,  18. 

Con.  Monog.  86,47,  2. 

Ckenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  8,  fig.  3. 
affinis,  Lea,  1852,  x.  271,  19,  26,  Synopsis  27. 
amcenus,  Lea,  1S41,  viii.  200,  10,  12,  Synopsis  29. 

Ckenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  33,  fig.  5. 
amygdalum,  Lea ,  1846,  ix.  275,  39,  1.  Synopsis  39, 
altilis,  Con.,  New  F.  W.  Shells,  43,  2,  1. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  27. 


245 


1853.] 

Unio  angustatus,  Lea,  1832,  v.  114,  17 , 43.  Synopsis  23. 

Con.  Monog.  98,  54,  2. 

Chenu ,  pi.  14,  fig.  1. 

apiculatus,  Say,  New  Harm.  Dissem.,  1829,  Amer.  Conch,  pi.  22. 
Con.  Monog.  78,  44,  1. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  22. 

U.  asper,  Jay ,  not  Lea,  Jay’s  Catalogue,  55. 
approximus,  Lea,  1845,  x.  74,  5,  13.  Synopsis  28. 

•arctior,  Lea,  1838,  vi.  10,  4,  10,  Synopsis,  38. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  21,  2. 
arctatus,  Con.,  Sill.  Jour.,  xxv.  340,  1,  9;  New  F.  W.  Shells, 36, 5,  4. 
Lea ,  Synopsis,  38. 

arcus,  Con. ,  Sillim.  Jour.  1834,  xxv.  340  1,  8. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  38. 

argenteus,  Lea,  1841,  viii.  242,  25,  57,  Synopsis,  26. 

Chenu ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  33,  fig.  2. 
asper,  Lea,  (a)  1832,  iv.  85,  9,  15,  Synopsis,  22. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  15,  fig.  4. 

U.  apiculatus,  var.  Jay,  Catalogue,  No.  1496,  55. 

Barrattii,  Lea,  1852,  x.  256,  13,  Synopsis,  37. 

Barnesianus,  Lea,  1838,  vi.  31,  10,  26,  Synopsis,  24. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  19,  fig.  2. 

•biangulatus,  Lea,  1841,  viii.  197,  9,  8,  Synopsis  38. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  30,  fig.  7. 

Bigbyensis,  Lea,  1841,  viii.  237,  22,  51,  Synopsis  24. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  26,  fig.  5. 

Binneyi,  Lea,  1845,  x.  77,  6,  18,  Synopsis  29. 

Blandinijianus,  Lea,  Aug.  18&,  v.  101,  15,  44,  Synopsis  33. 

Con.  Monog.  46,  23,  3. 

Kust.,  Chemn.  Unio,  36,  6,  2. 

Bournianus,  Lea,  1841,  Synopsis  25,  viii.  213,  15,  28. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  28,  fig.  2. 

Brumbyanus,  Lea,  1841,  viii.  245,  26,  62,  Synopsis  31. 

Boydianus,  Lea,  1841,  viii.  216,  16,  32,  Synopsis  38. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  32,  fig.  2. 

Buckleyi,  Lea ,  1846,  ix.  276,  39,  2,  Synopsis  30. 

Buddianus,  Lea,  1846,  ix.  277,  40,  4,  Synopsis  32. 
buxeus,  Lea,  1852,  x.  261,  15,  13,  Synopsis  29. 
bullatus,*  Raf.  Ann.,  Sept.  1820,  v.  41.  Poulson’s  Trans.,  23. 
Con.,  Monog.  82,  45,  2. 

Ferussac ,  Guerin’s  Mag.  28. 

U.  verrucosus  albus,  Hildreth,  Sillim.  Journ.  xiv.  289. 

U.  pustulosus,  Lea,  1832,  iv.  76,  7,  7.  Synopsis,  22. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  18,  fig.  2. 
capax,  Green ,  Cab.  of  Nat.  Hist.  1832,  ii.  290. 

Con.,  Monog.  75,  42. 

Ferussac,  Guerin’s  Mag.  1835,  26. 

Symphynota  globosa,  Lea,  1834,  iv.  153,  4,  12. 

U.  capax,  Rust .  Chemn.  Unio,  21,  15,  3. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  27. 

ceelatus,  Con.,  Sillim.  Journ.  1834,  xxv.  338,  1,  2. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  20. 


*  Say  makes  this  species  the  same  as  Mya  modulosa.  Wood,  which  is  very 
different,  and  evidently  not  an  American  species. 


246 


[February, 


Unio  caliginosus,  Lea,  1845,  x.  79,  7,  21,  Synopsis  29. 
callosus,  Lea ,  1841,  viii.  239,  23,  54,  Synopsis  33. 
camptodon,  Say ,  Amer.  Conch,  pi.  42. 

Fernssac ,  Guerin’s  Mag.  26. 

U.  Sayi,  Lea ,  (not  Tappan),  Synopsis,  32. 
capsaeformis,  Lea ,  1834,  iv.  143,  2,  4,  Synopsis  33. 

Con.  Monog.  72,  40,  2,  3. 
cardium,  .Ra/.  Ann.  1820,  32,  Poulson’s  Trans.  27. 

Say ,  Amer.  Conch.  32,  Synonym,  of  LTnio,  No.  11. 

U.  ventricosus,  Barnes ,  Sillim.  Journ.  vi.  267,  13,  14. 

U.  occidens,  Lea ,  1832  (?)  iii.  435,  10,  16. 

Synopsis,  26. 

Chenu ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  13,  fig.  5. 

U.  subovatus,  Lea ,  1832,  iv.  118,  18,  46. 

Chenu ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  12,  fig.  6. 

U.  ovata,  var.  b.  ?  Lam.  An.  vi.  75. 
cariosus,  <Say,  (6)  Nicholson’s  Ency.,  article  Conch.,  pi.  3,  fig.  2. 

Law.  Desh.  An.  sans  Vert.  vi.  545. 

U.  ovata,  Valen. 

U.  cariosus,  Kust .,  Chem.  Unio,  24,  1,  2,  3. 

Barnes ,  Sillim.  Journ.  vi.  271. 

Con.,  Monog.,  40,19. 

Gould,  Invertebrata  of  Mass.,  107. 

Defray,  Zool.  of  New  York,  193. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  27. 

Lampsilis  cariosa,  Agas.  MSS.  Stimpson’s  Shells  of  New  Eng.  14. 
Carolinanus,  Boise.  Fer.  Guerin’s  Mag.  26. 

U.  obesus,  Lea ,  1832,  iv.  96,  13,  26,  Synopsis,  32. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio;  pi.  18,  fig.  4^ 
castaneus,  Lea,  1832,  iv.  91,  11,  21,  Synopsis  26. 

Ferussac,  Guerin’s  Mag.  28. 

Chenu ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  11,  fig.  5. 
catillus,  Con.,  Monog.  1836,  30,  13,  2. 

Kust.,  Chemn.  Unio,  pi.  10,  fig.  2. 
cerinus,  Con.,  (c)  Monog.  1838,  95,  52. 

U.  flavus,  Lea,  (not  Raf.)  Synopsis,  24. 
cicatricosus,  Say,  Disseminator,  1829. 

Con.,  Monog.,  115,64. 

Ferr.,  Guerin’s  Mag.,  28. 

U.  varicosus,  Lea,  1832,  iv.  100,  11,  20,  Synopsis,  23. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  2,  fig.  6. 

Cincinnatiensis,  Lea ,  1841,  viii.  194,  8,  4,  Synopsis,  22. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  30,  fig.  3. 

Claibornensis,  Lea,  1838,  (young  shell,)  vi.  105,  24,  115,  Synopsis,  28. 
Chenu ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  23,  fig.  3. 

U.  obtusus  (?)  Lea,  viii.  201,  11,  13. 

Clarkianus,  Lea,  1852,  x.  273,  21,  30,  Synopsis,  28. 
clava,  Lam,.  An.  sans  Vert,  vi.74.  Desh.  ed.  of  Lam.  vi.  537. 
Ferussac,  Guerin’s  Mag.  28. 

Con.,  Monog.  5,  3. 

U.  mytiloides,  Raf.  v.47,  Poulson’s  Trans.,  47. 

U.  scalenia,  Raf.  Ann.  v.43,  Poulson’s  Trans.  47. 

U.  cuneatus,  Raf.  Ann.  v.  47,  Poulson’s  Trans.  53. 

Say,  Amer.  Conch.  Syn.  No.  35. 

U.  modioliformis,  Say ,  (not  Lea.) 

IT.  clavus,  Lea,  Synopsis,  26. 

Kust.  Chemn.  Unio,  39,  7,  2. 


247 


1853.] 

Unio  coccineus,  Hildreth ,  MSS. 

Con.,  Monog.,  1836,  29,  13,  1. 

Lea ,  1838,  Synopsis,  35,  vi.  12,  5,  12. 
collinus,  Con.,  Monog.,  65,  36,  2,  and  159,  60,  3. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  23. 
complanatus,  Soland.  Lea,  ( e ) 

Mya  complanata,  Soland.  Portland  Catalogue,  100. 

Dillwyn,  Catalogue,  i.  51. 

IT.  complanatus,  Lea,  Synopsis,  32. 

violaceus,  Speng.,  Ferrus,  Guerin’s  Mag.  26. 
coarctata,  Lam.,  Anim.  vi.  75. 

Desk.  ed.  of  Lam.  vi.  535. 

Enc.  Method,  ii.  581. 
purpurascens,  Lam.,  Desh.  ed.  vi.  536. 
rhombula,  “  var.  b.  “  fi  “ 

carinifera,  “  u  (S  ts 

Georgina,  “  «  «  « 

sulcideris,  “  tc  “  540. 

glabrata,  «  ««  «  537. 

rarisulcata  ?  C(  cs  t(  534. 

aurata,  Raf.,  Ann.  Poulson’s  trans.  27. 
jejunus  ?  Lea,  vi.  9,  4,  9. 

Chenu,  pi.  20,  fig.  1. 

Roanokensis  ?  Lea,  vi.  27,  8,  21,  Synopsis,  32. 
Delassert,  Recueil.  de  Conchyl.  pi.  12,  fig.  3. 

Chenu,  pi.  12,  fig.  5. 

complanatus,  Gould,  Invert,  of  Mass.  107,  68,  69,  70. 
Dekay ,  Zool.  of  New  York,  188,  22,  246. 

Agas.,  Stimpson’s  Shells  of  N.  Eng.  13. 
purpureus,  Say,  Nicholson’s  Enc.  fig.  3. 

Barnes,  Sillim.  Journ.  vi.  264. 
concavus,  Lea,  1852,  x.  260,  15,  1,1,  Synopsis  29. 
Congaraeus,  Lea,  1832,  iv.  62,  6,  4,  Synopsis,  27. 

Con.,  Monog.,  pi.  12,  fig.  1. 

Chenu ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  8,  fig.  5. 

compressissimus,  Lea,  1845,  x.  81,  8,  23.  Synopsis,  24. 

Conradicus,  Lea,  1834,  Synopsis,  21,  v.  63,  9,  2. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  87,  47,  3. 
contrarius,  Con.,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.,  i.  276,  37,  7. 
constrictus,  Con.,  Monog.,  pi.  49,  fig.  4. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  29. 

Cooperianus,  Lea,  1834,  v.  61,  8,  21,  Synopsis  22. 
cor,  Con.,  New  F.  W.  Shells,  28,  3,  3. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  26. 

cordatus,  Raf.  (Obovaria,)  Ann.,  v.  46,  Poulson’s  trans.  52. 
Con.,  Monog.,  48,  25. 

Rust.,  Chemn.  Unio,  pi.  13,  fig.  1. 
creperus,  Lea,  vi.  33,  10,  28,  Synopsis,  31. 

Chenu ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  23,  fig.  5. 
crocatus,  Lea,  1841,  Synopsis  27,  viii.  238,  22,  52. 

,  Chenu ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  33,  fig.  1. 

Cumberlandianus,  Lea,  1S38,  vi.  25,  7,  19,  Synopsis  30. 

U.  Cumberlandicus,  Chenu,  pi.  24,  fig.  1. 

U.  glaber  1  Lea. 

cuneolus,  Lea,  1842,  viii.  193,  7,  3,  Synopsis  24. 

Chenu.  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  30,  fig.  2. 

39 


248 


[February, 

Unio  Cuvierianus,  Lea ,  1852,  x.  263,  16,  16,  Synopsis  32. 
cyphius,  Raf.,  Poulson’s  Trans.  39,  v.  59. 

Con.  Monog.  113,  63. 

U.  gEsopus,  Green ,  Contributions  to  Maclurian  Lyceum,  i.  46,  3. 

Lea3  Synopsis,  23. 

Cylindricus,  Say ,  Nicholson’s  Enc.  pi.  4,  fig.  3. 

U.  naviformis,  Lam.,  An.  vi.  75,  Desk.  ed.  537. 

El liptio  solenoides,  Ka/.,  Ann.  v.  32,  Poulson’s  trans.  26. 
Theliderma  cylindrica,  Swains .,  Malac.  pi.  271,  fig.  54. 

U.  cylindricus,  Hildreth ,  Silliman’s  Journ.  xiv.  283,  fig.  13. 

Lea ,  Synopsis,  23. 

Cyrenoijdes,  Phillipi ,  Conchyl.  1848,  11,  5,  1. 

Lea ,  Synopsis,  25. 

dactylus,  Lea ,  1841,  viii.  196,  7,  7,  Synopsis  36. 

Chenn ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  30,  fig.  5. 

Dariensis,  Lm,  1841,  viii.  246,  26,  61,  Synopsis  33. 

Chenu ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  33,  fig.  6. 
decisus,  Lea ,  1832,  iv.  92,  12,  23,  Synopsis  26. 

Cow.  Monog.  3,  2,  6. 

Kust.  Chem.  Unio  pi.  7,  fig.  3. 

Chenu.  Conch.  Unio  pi.  18,  fig.  3. 

Fer.  Guerin’s  Mag.  28. 

declivis,  Say.,  Transylvania  Journ.,  Dec.  1831,  iv.  527. 

American  Conch,  pi.  35. 

U.  geometricus,  Lea,  1834,  v.  38,  4,  10,  Synopsis  33. 

JDesh.  Lam.  An.  sans  Vert.  vi.  556. 
delumbis,  Con.,  New  Fresh  Water  Shells,  May,  1834,  35,  5,  3. 

U.  modioliformis,  Lea,  Aug.  1834,  v.  97,  13,  40. 
decoratus,  Lea,  1852,  x.  257,  13,  6,  Synopsis  19. 
dilatatus,  Raf .,  (Elliptio)  Ann.,  v.  31,  Poulson’s  Trans.  25. 

Con.  Monog.  42,21. 

U.  cuprea,  Raf.,  (young)  Ann.  38,  81,  8,  9. 

U.  atroviolacea,  Raf.,  (obliquaria)  Ann.  v.  55.  Poulson’s  trans.  69. 
U.  nasutus,  Lam.  not  Say,  An.  sans  Yert.  vi.  538. 

Ulustraled  ed.  Cuvier’s  Regne  Animal.  Moll.  92,  2. 

U.  gibbosus,  Barnes,  Sillim.  Journ.  1823,  vi.  262. 

U.  arctior  ?  Lea,  (young)  Synopsis,  38,  vi.  10,  4,  10. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  33,  2. 
discus,  Lea,  1838,  vi.  74,  18,  57.  Synopsis  31, 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  19,  fig.  6. 
dolabraelormis,  Lea,  1838,  vi.  103,  24,  113,  Synopsis  27. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  23,  fig.  6. 

•dolabelloides,  Lea,  1842,  viii.  215,  15,  31,  Synopsis  35. 

Chenu ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  29, fig.  4. 

Dorfeuillianus,  Lea,  1838,  vi.  73,  17,  54,  Synopsis  22. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  25,  fig.  5. 
dromas,  Lea,  1834,  v.  70,  10,  29,  Synopsis  23. 

Con.  Monog.  84,  46,  2. 

U.  caperatus,  Lea,  1845,  x.  75,  5,  14. 

Duttonianus,  Lea,  1841,  viii.  236,  22,  50,  Synopsis  35. 

Chenn.  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  32,  fig.  4. 

Edgarianus,  Lea,  1841,  viii.  214,15,  30,  Synopsis  25. 

Chenn.  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  29,  fig.  5. 

Eastbrookianus,  Lea,  1845,  x.  77,  6,  17.  Synopsis  40. 
exiguus,  Lea,  1842,  viii.  191,  7,  1,  Synopsis  27. 

Chenu.  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  30,  fig.  1. 


1853.] 


249 


Unio  excultus,  Con.,  Monog.  99,  55,1. 

U.  declivis.  Lea,  (not  Say,)  Synopsis  33. 
famelicus,  Gould.,  Lea,  Synopsis  31. 
fasciolaris,  Raf.,  Ann.  v.  37,  Poulson’s  Trans.  36. 

Fer.  Guerin’s  Mag.  1835,  27. 

Say.  Amer.  Conch.  Syn.  No.  20. 

U.  phaseolus,  Hildreth,  Sillim.  Journ,  xiv.  283. 

Lea.  Synopsis,  38. 

U.  sinuatus,  Raf.,  (very  old)  Ann.  v.  55. 

U.  mucronatus,  Barnes,  Sillim.  Journ.  vi.  266,  13,  13. 

U.  pianulatus,  Lea.  iii.  431,  9,  13. 

Chenu.  Conchy  1.  tJnio,  pi.  13,  fig.  1. 

U.  cuneatus,  Barnes,  (white  var.)  Fresh  Water  Shells,  Sillim. 

Journ.  note  to  Hildreth,  xiv.  283. 

U.  phaseolus,  Say.,  Amer.  Conch,  pi.  22. 

17.  planulata, Desk.,  Lam.  vi.  549. 

U.  camelus,  Lea,  (old)  1834,  v.  102,  15,  45. 
fasciatus,  Ann.,  Poulson’s  Trans  28. 

Say.  Amer.  Conch.  Syn.  of  Unio,  No.  6. 

Fer.  Guerin’s  Mag.  1835,  27. 

Con.  Monog.  3,  1. 

U.  Crassus  ?  Say,  Nicholson’s  Encyc.  pi.  1,  fig.  3. 

U.  carinatus,  Barnes,  Silliman’s  Journ.  vi.  126. 

U.  ellipticus,  ((  tc  259,  13,  19. 

Hildreth ,  “  xiv.  278. 

fasciolus,  Raf.,  Ann.  v.  33,  Poulson’s  Trans.  28. 

U.  subangulatiis,  Lea,  x.  209,  13,  23. 
fatuus,  Lea,  viii.  201,  11,  14,  Synopsis,  38. 

Chenu.  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  31,  fig.  4. 

Fisherianus,  Lea,  1838,  vi.  8,  4,  8,  Synopsis  37. 

Chenu.  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  20,  fig.  4. 

U.  nasutus,  var.  Con.,  not  Say,  Monog.  38, 18,  1. 
flavescens,  Lea ,  1845,  x.  72,  3,9,  Synopsis  27. 
flavus,  Raf.,  Ann.  v.  39,  Poulson’s  Trans.  38. 

Con.  Monog.  74,  41,  2. 

Fer.  Guerin’s  Mag.  1835,  27. 

Say.  Amer.  Conch.  Syn.,  No.  22. 

U.  rubiginosus,  Lea,  1832,  iii.  427,  8,  10,  Synopsis  24. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  13,  fig.  4. 
flexuosus,  Raf.  Ann.  v.  40,  Poulson’s  Trans.  41. 

Con.  Monog.  8,  4,  2. 

Say.  Amer.  Conch.  Syn.,  No.  27. 

U.  foliatus,  Hildreth,  Sillim.  Journ.  xiv.  284,  16. 

Lea.  Synopsis,  20. 

Floridensis,  Lea,  1852,  x.  274,  21,  31,  Synopsis  39. 
folliculatus,  Lea,  1838,  vi.  38,  11,  33,  Synopsis  35. 

Chenu ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  23,  fig.  4. 

Forbesianus,  Lea,  1852,  x.  264,  16,  17,  Synopsis  24. 

U.  congaraeus  ?  Lea. 

Foremanianus,  Lea,  1841,  viii.  247,  27,  64,  Synopsis,  23. 

Chenu ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  26,  fig.  1. 
fragosus,  Con.,  Monog.  12,  6,  2. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  22. 

fraternus,  Lea,  1852,  x.  263,  16,  15,  Synopsis,  32. 
fulgidus,  Lea,  1845,  x.  73,  4,  10,  Synopsis,  25. 


250 


[February^ 


Unio  furvus,  Con.,  New  F.  W.  Shells,  39,  6,  3. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  40. 

U.  Hanleyanus  ?  x.  279,  23,  37. 

U.  Troschelianus  ?  x.  286,  23,  39. 
fuliginosus,  Lea ,  1845,  x.  280,  23,  37,  Synopsis,  33. 
fuscatus,  Lea,  1846,  ix.  277,  40,  4,  Synopsis,  30. 
Geddingsianus,  Lea,  1841,  viii.  202,  11,  15,  Synopsis  33. 

Chenu,.  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  31,  fig.  3. 

Georgianus,  Lea,  1841,  viii.  235,  21,  49.  Synopsis  27. 

Chenu .  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  32,  fig.  3. 

♦gibber,  Lea,  vi.  35,  10,  30.  Synopsis,  24. 

Chenu .  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  23,  fig.  2. 

Gibbesianus,  Lea,  1852,  x.  254,  12,  2,  Synopsis  33. 

♦glaber,  Lea,  1838,  vi.  34,  10,29,  Synopsis  31. 

Chenu .  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  24,  fig.  3. 
glans,  Lea,  1832,  iv.  82,  8,  12,  Synopsis  31. 

Chenu.  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  8.  fig.  9. 

U.  Brumbyanus,  Lea,  1841,  viii.  245,26.  62. 

Gouldii,  Lea,  1845,  x.  76,  6,  16,  Synopsis  29. 

•graniferus,  Lea,  vi.  69,  19,  60,  Synopsis  22. 

Chenu.  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  25,  fig.  3. 

Greenii,  Con.,  New  Fresh  Water  Shells,  1834.  32,  4,  1. 

Monog.  69,  38,  2. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  27. 

U.  simplex,  Lea ,  1845,  x.  76,  5,  15,  Synopsis  27. 
Griffithianus,  Lea,  1834,  v.  103,  15,  46,  Synopsis  33. 
Haleianus,  Lea,  1842,  viii.  247,  27,  63,  Synopsis  31. 

Chenu.  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  26,  fig.  6. 

Hayesianus,  Lea,  1834,  v.  35,  3,  7,  Synopsis  26. 
hebes,  Lea,  1852,  x.  267,  18,  21,  Synopsis  26. 
heterodon,  Lea,  1833,  iii.  428,  8,  11,  Synopsis  24  . 

Con.  Monog.  90,  49,  3. 

Fer.  Guerin’s  Mag.,  1835,  26. 

Chenu.  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  16,  fig.  2. 

Holstonensis,  Lea,  1841,  viii.  212,  15,  27,  Synopsis  25. 

Chenu,.  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  32,  fig.  1. 
hyalinus,  Lea,  1845,  x.  69,  2,  4,  Synopsis  39. 

Hydianus,  Lea,  1838,  vi.  14,  6,  14,  Synopsis,  28. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  17,  fig.  3. 

U.  Claibornensis  ?  Lea. 

icterinus,  Con.  New  Fresh  Water  Shells,  May  1834,  41,  6,  5. 
Monog.  39,  18,  2. 

U.  fulvus,  Lea,  Aug.  1834,  v.  96,  13,39. 
ineptus,  Lea,  1852,  x.  261,  15,  12,  Synopsis,  31. 

♦infucatus,  Con .  New  Fresh  Water  Shells,  45,  3,  2. 

Lea ,  Synopsis,  20. 

U.  securiformis  ?  Con. 
intermedius,  Con.  Monog.  63,  35,  1. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  22. 

interrupts,  Raf.  Ann.  v.  36,  Poulson’s  trans.  33. 

Con.  Monog.  88,  48. 

Fer.  Guerin,  Mag.  28. 

Say,  Amer.  Conch,  syn.  No.  26. 

U.  brevidens,*iea,  vi.  15,  6,  15,  Synopsis,  32. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  8,  fig.  6. 


\ 


251 


1853.] 

Unio  Jayensis,  Lea ,  1838,  vi.  28,  9,  23,  Synopsis,  37. 

Chenu ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  22,  4. 

•jejunus,  Lea,  1838,  vi.  9,  4,  9,  Synopsis,  32. 

Keinerianus,  Lea ,  (Kienerianus  ?)  1852,  x.  281,  23,40,  Synopsis,  22. 
Kirtlandianus,  Lea ,  1834,  v.  98,  14,  41,  Synopsis,  35. 

Kleinianus,  Lea ,  1852,  x.  265,  17,  18,  Synopsis,  20. 
lanceolatus,  Lea ,  1832,  iii.  266,  3,  2.  Synopsis,  36. 

Con.  Monog.  32,  14,  2. 

Chenu ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  8,  fig.  1. 
lapillus,  Say,  Trans.  Journ.  1831,  iv.  528,  Amer.  Conch.  41. 

Con.  Monog.  54,  29,  2. 

U.  fabalis,  Lea,  1832,  iv.  96,  10,  16,  Synopsis,  31. 

Chenu ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  8,  fig.  4. 

laevigatus,  Raf.  Ann.  (Elliptio)  v.  50,80,  11,  12,13,  Poulson’s  trans.  24. 
U.  lens,  Lea,  1832,  iv.  80,  8,  10.  Synopsis,  34. 

Chenu ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  30,  fig.  4. 
latiradiatus,  Con.,  Monog.  96,  53. 

U.  interruptus,  Lea,  1838.  vi.  15.  6,  15.  Synopsis,  27. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  17,  fig.  4. 
lazarus,  Lea,  1852,  x.  259,  14,  9,  Synopsis,  39. 

Lecontianus,  Lea,  1838,  vi.  40,  12,  35.  Synopsis,  26. 

Chenu ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  24,  fig.  6. 
lenior,  Lea,  1841,  viii.  204,  12,  18.  Synopsis,  38. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  27,  fig.  4. 

Leseurianus,  Lea,  1842,  viii.  195,  8,  6.  Synopsis,  35. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  30,  fig.  4. 
lineatus,  Lea,  1841,  viii.  206,  12,  20,  Synopsis,  27. 

Chenu ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  28,  fig.  1. 
lienosus,  Con.,  Sillim.  Journ.lxxv.  339,  1,  4;  Monog.  91,  49,  4. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  29. 

U.  obscurus,  Lea,  vi.  7,  3,  7. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  17,  fig.  1. 
ligamentinus,  Lam.  Ann.  sans  Vert  Desh.  ed.  vi.  533. 

U.  fasciolus,  Con.  (not  Raf.)  Monog.  26,  11,  2. 

U.  multiradiatus,  Lea ,  1832,  iii.  48,  9,  15,  Synopsis,  27. 

Chenu ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  13,  fig.  2. 
limatulus,  Con.  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  2d  ser.  1849,  i.  276,  37,  9- 
Lea,  Synopsis,  32. 

U.  Tuomeyi,  Lea,  1852,  x.  256,  13,  4.  Synopsis,  33. 

lineolatus,  Raf.  (obliquaria)  Ann.  37,  Poulson’s  trans.  35. 

Say,  American  Conch,  pi.  68. 

Synonym,  of  Unio,  No.  18. 

Fer.  Guerin’s  Mag.  1835,  28. 

U.  depressa,  Raf.  (not  Lam.)  Ann.  v. 

U.  securis,  Lea,  1832,  iii.  437,  11,  17.  Synopsis,  24. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  16,  fig.  4. 
luridus,  Lea,  x.  273,  20,  29.  Synopsis,  30. 
luteolus,  Lam.  Desh.  An.  sans  Vert.  vi.  544. 

Delcay,  Zool.  of  New  York,  190,  20,  241. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  28. 

U.  siliquoideus,  Con.  Monog.  22,  10,  1. 

Fer.  Guerin’s  Mag.  1835,  27. 

U.  siliquoideus,  Barnes,  Sillim.  Journ.  vi.  267. 

U.  inflatus,  ib.  ib.  267. 

Lampsilis  siliquoideus,  Stimpson,  Shells  of  New  England,  14. 


*252 


[February, 


Unio  lugubris,  Lea ,  vi.  30,  9,  25,  Synopsis,  38. 

Chenu ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  20,  fig.  3. 
maculatus,  Con.  New  Fresh  Water  Shells,  May,  1834,  30,  4,  4. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  24. 

U.  Ravenelianus,  Lea,  Aug.  1834,  v.  32,  3,  5. 

Masoni,  Con.  Monog.  28,  12,  2. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  34. 

Kust.  Chem.  Unio,  pi.  5,  fig.  6. 
mcestus,  Lea,  1841,  viii.  244,  26,  60.  Synopsis,  31. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  28,  fig.  3. 
merus,  Lea,  1852,  x.  260,  15,  10.  Synopsis,  33. 

Menkianus,  Lea,  1838,  vi.  76,  19,  59,  Synopsis,  27. 

Chenu ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  19,  fig.  4. 

Metallicus.  Say,  Dissem.  1830. 

Amer.  Conch.  Synonym,  of  Unio,  No.  51. 

U.  cuprinus,  Lea,  1834,  iv.  94,  12,  24.  Synopsis,  38. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  11,  fig.  3. 

metanever,  Raf.  Ann.  v.  39.  Poulson’s  Trans.  39. 

Fer.,  Guerin’s  Mag.  1835,  27. 

U.  metanevrus,  Say ,  Amer.  Conch.  Synonym,  of  Unio,  24. 
Con-,  Monog.  10,  5,  2. 

Kust.  Chemn.  Unio,  pi.  10,  fig.  4. 

U.  nodosus,  Barnes,  Sillim.  Journ.  vi.  124,  6,  7. 

U.  rugosus,  (?)  ib.  ib.  vi.  126,  8,  9. 

U.  metanever,  Lea,  Synopsis,  22. 

minor,  Lea,  1846,  ix.  276,  39,  2.  Synopsis,  31. 

Mississipiensis,  Con.,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  ii.  277,  38,  11. 
Lea,  Synopsis,  29. 

Mortoni,  Con.,  Monog.  Dec.  1835,  11,  6,  1. 

Kust.  Chemn.  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  11.  fig.  1. 

U.  turgidus,  Lea,  1837,  vi.  11,  5,  11. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  25,  fig.  1. 

Miihlfeldianus,  Lea ,  1838,  vi.  41,  12,  36.  Synopsis,  30. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  17,  fig.  5. 

Monroensis,  Lea,  1841,  ix.  279,  41,  8.  Synopsis,  29. 
Moussianus,  Lea ,  1852,  x.  268,  18,  22.  Synopsis,  29. 
Nashvillianus,  Lea,  1834,  v.  100,  14,  43.  Synopsis,  29. 
nasutus,  Say,  Nicholson’s  Ency.  article  Conch,  pi.  4,  fig.  1. 
Lister’s  Conch.,  t.  151,  fig.  6. 

Con.  Monog.  38,18,1. 

Gould,  Invert,  of  Mass.  109. 

Dehay,  Zool.  of  New  York,  191,  20,  239. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  37. 

Mya  nasuta,  Wood.,  Index  Test.  Sup.  pi.  1,  fig.  4. 

U.  rostratus,  Valenc.  Humb.  and  Bonpl.,  ii.  223,  53,  3. 
Eurinea  nasuta,  Agas.  St  imps  on’s  Shells  of  New  England,  13. 
•nebulosus,  Con.  New  Fresh  Water  Shells,  28,  3,  7. 
neglectus,  Lea ,  1846,  ix.  280,42,  10.  Synopsis,  33. 
nexus,  Say,  Transyl.  Journ.  1831,  fv.  527. 

Amer.  Conch,  pi.  51. 

Con.  Monog.  68,  38,  1. 

Fer.  Guerin’s  Mag.  1835,  28. 

U.  arcaeformis,  Lea,  1832,  iv.  116,  17,44.  Synopsis,  13. 
Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  12,  fig.  3. 


253 


1853.] 

Unio  nervosus,  Raf.  Ann.  v.  30.  Poulson’s  Trans.  22. 

Say ,  Amer.  Conch.  Synonym,  of  Unio,  No.  6. 

U.  zigzag,  Lea,  iii.  440,  12,  19.  Synopsis,  24. 

U.  Donaciformis,  iii.  267,  4,  3.  Synopsis,  24. 
nigellus,  Lea ,  x.  283,  24,  42.  Synopsis,  30. 
niger,  Raf.  Ann.  v.  25.  (Elliptio,)  Poulson’s  Trans.  15. 

Con.  Monog.  49,  26. 

Fer.  Guerin’s  Mag.  1835,  27. 

Lister’s  Conch,  pi.  150,  fig.  5. 

U.  incrassatus,  Lea,  1842,  viii.  217,  16,  34.  Synopsis,  24. 

Chenu ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  31,  fig.  5. 

U.  gibber,  (?)  Lea. 

nigerrimus,  Lea,  1852,  x.  268,  18,  23.  Synopsis,  31. 
nigrinus,  Lea,  x.  284,  24,  44,  Synopsis,  39. 
nitens,  Lea,  viii.  205,  12, 19.  Synopsis,  29. 

Chenu ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  28,  fig.  5. 
nodiferus,  Con.,  ( g )  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  second  ser.  i.  277,  38,  4,  8. 

U.  prasinus,  Lea,  (not  Con.)  Synopsis,  22. 
nodulatus,  Raf.  Ann.  v.  41,81,  17,  18.  Poulson’s  Trans.  42. 

Say,  Amer.  Conch.  Synonym,  of  Unio,  No.  6. 

Fer.,  Guerin’s  Mag.  1835,28. 

U.  pustulatus,  Lea,  1832,  iv.  79,7,  9.  Synopsis,  22. 

Chenu ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  15,  fig.  8. 
notatus,  Lea,  1838,  vi.  28,  8,  22,  Synopsis,  29. 

Novi-'Eboraci,  Lea,  1838,  vi.  104,  24,  114,  Synopsis,  27. 

Dehay,  Zool.  of  New  York,  194,  20,  240. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  19,  fig.  5. 
nucleopsis,  Con.,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  2d  ser.  i.  276,  37,  8. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  35. 

nexus.  Say,  Transylvania  Journ.  1831,  iv.  527.  Amer.  Conch.  51. 
Cora.  Monog.  68,  38,  1. 

Ferussac,  Guerin’s  p.  Mag.  28. 

U.  arcaeformis,  Lea,  1832,  iv.  116,  17,44,  Synopsis,  23. 
notatus,  Lea,  1838,  vi.  28,  8,  22,  Synopsis,  29. 

Chenu ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  21,  fig.  3. 

U.  simus,  Lea,  vi.  26,  8,20. 

Chenu ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  21,  fig. 4. 
obliquus,  Lam.  An.  sans  Yert.  vi.  72. 

Con.  Monog.  77,  43,  2. 

U.  obliquus,  Fer.  Guerin’s  Mag.  1835. 

U.  ebenus,  Lea,  1832,  iv.  84,  9,  14.  Synopsis,  35 
Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  15,  fig.  7. 

U.  undatus,  Desh.  (not  Barnes)  Desh.  «d.  of  Lam.  vi.  534. 

U.  mytiloides,  (?)  Swain,  (not.Ra/.)  43,  Malac.  270,  fig.  53. 
obliquatus,  Raf.  (obliquaria)  Ann.  v.  Poulson’s  Trans.  46. 

Say,  Amer.  Conch.  Synonym  of  Unio,  No.  33. 

U.  ridibundus,  Say,  Disseminator. 

U.  sulcatus.  Lea,  iii.  430,  8,  12,  Synopsis,  26. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  13,  fig.  3. 
obovalis,  Raf.  v.  45,  Poulson’s  Trans.  49. 

U.  solidus,  Lea,  vi.  13,  5,  13,  Synopsis,  25. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  25,  fig.  2. 

♦obtusus,  Lea,  viii.  201,  11,  13,  Synopsis,  39. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  31,  fig.  2. 
occidentalis,  Con.  Monog.  64,  36,  1. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  33. 


254 


[February, 


Unio  ochraceus,  Say ,  (A)  Nicholson’s  Encyclopedia,  iv.  4,  2,  8. 

Pectunculus  fluviatilus,  List.  Conch,  pi.  157,  fig.  12. 

Mytilus  fluviatilus,  Gmel.  Dillwyn  Cat.  316. 

Symphynota  ochracea,  Lea ,  iii.  69. 

U.  ochraceus,  Con .  Monog.  37,  17,  2. 

Gould,. Invert,  of  Mates.  112,  71. 

Delcay ,  Zool.  of  New  York,  193,  19,  137,  138. 

U.  rosaceus,  (?)  Con.  (not  Del-ay)  Jour.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  2d  ser.  275,  37,  5. 
Olivarius,  Raf.  Ann.  v.  Poulson’s  Trans.  28. 

Fer.  Guerin’s  Mag.  1835,  28. 

U.  ellipsis,  Lea ,  iii.  268,  4,  4.  Synopsis,  26. 

Chenu ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  18,  fig.  1. 

Ogeecheensis,  Con.  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  2d  ser.  i.  275,  37,  3. 
oratus,  Con.  Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  2d  ser.  276,  37,  6. 
orbiculatus,  Hild.  1828,  Sillirn.  Journ.  xiv.  284,  fig.  15. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  28. 

U.  abruptus,  Say,  Amer.  Conch,  pi.  17. 

U.  crassus,  Con.  Monog.  34,  16. 
ovatus,  Say,  Nicholson’s  Encyclopedia,  iv.  7,2. 

Lam.  Anim.  sans  Vert.  vi.  75. 

Con.  Monog.  4,  2. 

Fer.  Guerin’s  Mag.  1835,  26: 

Kust.  Chemn.  Unio,  22,  3,  2. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  24. 

U.  ventricosus,  Desk,  (not  Barnes),  Desh.  ed.  of  Lam.  vi.  538. 

U.  subovatus,  ib.  (not  Am.) 

U.  occidens,  (?)  ib.  ib.  528. 

oviformis,  Con.,  New  Fresh  Water  Shells,  46,  3,  6. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  26. 

pallescens,  Lea,  1845,  x.  79,  7,  20,  Synopsis,  27. 
paliatus,  Lea,  1845,  x.  79,  7,  20,  Synopsis,  33. 
paludicolor,  Gculd,  Proceed.  Bost.  S.  N.  H.  ii.  63. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  33. 

papyraceus,  Gould,  Proceed.  Bost.  S.  N.  H.  ii.  53. 

Lea,  Syuopsis,  38. 

parvus,  Barnes,  Sillim.  Journ.  vi.  174. 

Con.  Monog.  20,  9,  1. 

Philippi ,  Conchyl.  19,  1,  2. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  31. 

paulus,  Lea,  viii.  213,  15,  29,  Synopsis,  31. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  27,  fig.  5. 
pectorosus,  Con.  New  Fresh  Water  Shells,  May,  1834,  37,  6,  I. 

Monog.  25,  11,  1. 

Kust.  Chemn.  Unio,  pi.  4,  fig.  2. 

U.  perdix,  Lea,  Aug.  1834,  v.  72,  11,  31,  Synopsis,  26. 

U.  biangulatus,  Lea,  viii.  197,  9,  8. 
pellucidus,  Lea,  1845,  x.  70,  2,  6,  Synopsis,  39. 
penitus,  Con.  New  FreshWater  Shells,  33,  5,  1. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  24. 

perovatus,  Sillim.  Journ.  xxv.  338,  1,  3. 

Con.  New  Fresh  Water  Shells,  47,2,  3. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  27. 

U.  nux,  Lea,  x.  283,  24,  43. 
perovalis,1 r Con.  New  Fresh  Water  Shells,  43,  2,  2. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  27. 

pernodosus,  Lea,  1845,  x.  71,  3,  8,  Synopsis, 


1853.] 


255 


Unio  pectitus,  Con.,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  iii.  2d  series, 
personatus,  Say ,  (female)  Disseminator,  1829,  309. 

Con.  Monog.  47,  24. 

Kust.  Chemn.  Unio,  pi.  10,  fig.  1. 

U.  capillaris,  Lea ,  1834,  v.  29,  2,  2,  Synopsis,  35. 

U.  pileus,  Lea ,  (male)  1832,  iv.  119,  18,  47,  Synopsis,  24. 

Chenn ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  15,  fig.  2. 
perstriatus,  Lea,  1852,  x.  255,  12,  3,  Synopsis,  36. 

Phillipsii,  Con.  Monog.  9,  5,  1. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  22. 

Kust.  Chemn.  Unio,  pi.  10,  fig.  3. 
pictus,  Lea,  1834,  v.  73,  11,  32,  Synopsis,  27. 
pilaris,  Lea,  viii.  209,  14,  24,  Synopsis,  35. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  29,  fig.  3. 
placitus,  Lea,  1852,  x.  279,23,  38,  Synopsis,  29. 
planilateris,  Con.  Monog.  103,  57,  1. 
plenus,  Lea,  1842,  viii.  211, 14,  26,  Synopsis,  25. 
plexus,  Con.  ( j )  Monog.  1836,  89,  49,  1. 

U.  pliciferus,  Lea,  1838,  vi.  61,  17,  53,  Synopsis,  20. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  22,  fig.  5. 

U.  subtrapezius,  Philippi,  Conchyl.  1847,  12,  5,  2. 

U.  carbonarius,  Lea,  (old  shell)  vi.  37,  11,  32,  Synopsis,  20. 
Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  23,  fig.  1. 

Powellii,  Lea,  1852,  x.  270,  19,  25,  Synopsis,  28. 

politus,  Say,  Amer.  Conch.  Synonym,  of  Unio,  No.  6. 

U.  brevialis,  ?  Lam.  An.  sans  Vert.  1819,  vi.  73. 

TJ.  olivarius,  var.  2,  Raf. 

U.  brevialis,  Crouch,  Illustrated  Lamarck,  1827,  16,  9,  3. 

U.  subrotundus,  Lea,  (not  Raf.)  1832,  iv.  117,  18,45,  Synopsis,  26. 
Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  15,  fig.  1. 

U.  politus,  Con.  Monog.  67,37,  2. 

Pretfostianus,  Lea,  1852,  x.  269,  19,24,  Synopsis,  29. 
prasinus,  Con.  (£)  New  Fresh  Water  Shells,  May,  1834,  44. 

Monog.  79,  44,  2. 

U.  Schoolcraftensis,  Lea,  Aug.  1834,  v.  37,  3,  9. 

U.  nodiferus,  Lea,  (not  Con.)  Synopsis,  22. 

productus,  Con.,  Monog.  44. 

Kust.  Chemn.  Unio,  pi.  16,  fig.  2. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  37. 

proximus,  Lea,  1852,  x.  271,  20,  27,  Synopsis,  29. 
pullus,  Con.  Monog.  100,  55,  2. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  31. 

•pulvinulus,  Lea,  1845,  x.  81,  8,  24,  Synopsis,  26. 
pumilis,  Lea,  1838,  vi.  23,  7,  17,  Synopsis,  24. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  19,  fig.  1. 
puniceus,  Haldeman,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  viii.  201. 
purpuratus,  Lam.  (/)  Desh.  An.  sans  Vert.  vi.  533. 

Fer.  Guerin’s  Mag.  1835,  26. 

U.  ater,  Lea,  iii.  426,  7,  9. 

U.  lugubris,  Say,  Amer.  Conch,  pi.  43. 

U.  atra,  Desh.  Enc.  Method.  Vers.  ii.  528. 

U.  purpuratus,  Lea ,  Synopsis,  38. 

Mya  ventricosa,  Soland.  Humph.  Catalogue,  No.  1084,  59. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  10,  fig.  1. 

40 


[February, 


256 


Unio  purpuriatus,  Say ,  Disseminator,  1829. 

U.  Medellinus,  Lea,  1838,  vi.  39,  12,  34,  Synopsis,  29. 

Chenu ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  17,  fig.  6. 
pusillus,  Lea,  viii.  220,  18,  36,  Synopsis,  31. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  32,  fig.  5. 
pygmceus,  Lea,  x.  262,  15,  14,  Synopsis,  31. 
quadrulus,  (m)  Raf.  Ann.  v.  41,  Poulson’s  Translation,  42. 

Say,  Amer.  Conch,  pi.  53. 

Con.  Monog.  112,  62. 

U.  asperrimus,  Lea,  iv.  71,  5,  3,  Synopsis,  21. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  9,  fig.  2. 

U.  lachrymosus,  Lea,  iii.  272,  6,  8,  (young)  pi.  15,  fig.  6,  Synop.  21. 
Chenu ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  15,  fig.  6. 
radiatus,  Lam.  Desk.  An.  sans  Vert.  vi.  535. 

Mya  radiata,  Gmel.  vide  Lam. 

Mya,  Schrot.  Eil.  614. 

Mya  radiata,  Dillwyn ,  Cat.  i.  51. 

Mya  pictorum  tenuis,  Chemn.  vi.  23,  2,  7. 

U.  Virginiana,  Lam.  Desh.  An.  sans  Vert.  vi.  544. 

Delassert,  Recueil  de  Coquilles,  pi.  13,  fig.  4. 

Mya  oblongata,  Wood.  Supplement  to  Index  Test.  pi.  5,  fig.  2. 
Conchyl.  pi.  12,  fig.  4. 

U.  ochraceus,  Desh.  (not  Say,)  ed.  Lam.  vi.  536. 

U.  radiatus,  Con.  Monog.  24,  10,  2. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  29. 

DeJcay,  Zool.  of  New  York,  189,  18,  236. 

Gould,  Invert,  of  Mass.  110. 

Lampsilis  radiata,  Ag-as.MSS.  Stimpson’s  Shells  of  New  Eng.  13. 
•Rangianus,  Lea,  1838,  vi.  85,  18,  56,  Synopsis,  2 Z. 

Chenu ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  24,  fig.  5. 

Raveneli,  Con.  New  Fresh  Water  Shells,  May,  1834,  39,  6,  4. 

U.  confertus,  Lea,  Aug.  1834,  v.  103,  16,  47,  Synopsis,  30. 

U.  Watereensis,  Lea,  Aug.  1838,  v.  i.  130,  note,  Synopsis,  33. 
rectus,  Lam.  An.  sans  Vert.  vi.  74,  Desh.  ed.  537. 

Con.  Monog.  33,  15. 

U.  latissima,  (Elliptio,)  Raj.  Ann.  v.  31,  Poulson’s  Trans.  25. 

U.  praelongus,  Barnes,  Sillim.  Journ.  vi.  261. 

U.  rectus,  Kust.  Chemn.  Conchyl.  35,  6,  1. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  35. 

Eurinea  praelonga,  Agas.  MSS.  Stimpson’s  Shells  of  New  Eng.  13. 
Reevianus,  Lea,  1852,  x.  272,  20,  28,  Synopsis,  28. 
reflexus,  Raf.  Ann.  v.  40,  Poulson’s  Trans.  40. 

Con.  Monog.  7,  4,  1. 

Fer.  Guerin’s  Mag.  1835, 28. 

Say,  Synonym,  of  Unio,  No.  25. 

Kust.  Chemn.  Unio,  pi.  11,  fig.  2. 

U.  cornutus,  Barnes ,  Sillim.  Journ.  vi.  122. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  22. 

regularis,  Lea,  1841,  viii.  243,  25,  59,  Synopsis,  29. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  33,  fig.  3. 
retusus,  Lam.  Desh.  An.  sans  Vert.  vi.  534. 

Fer.  Guerin’s  Mag.  1835,  28. 

Say,  Amer.  Conch.  Synonym,  of  Unio,  No.  26. 

Con.  Monog.  1,  19,  8. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  35. 

U.  torsa,  Raf.  Ann.  v.  45,  82,  1,  2,  3,  Poulson’s  Trans.  40. 

Kust.  Chemn.  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  13,  fig.  2. 

U.  obtusa,  Cuv.  Regne  Animal,  illust.  edit.  pi.  92,  fig.  1. 


257 


1853.] 

Unio  rivularis,  Con.  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  1853,  iii.  2d  series. 

U.  declivis,  Con.  (not  Say )  Monog.  45,  23,  1. 

Kust.  Chemn.  Unio,  pi.  14,  fig.  1. 

Lea ,  Synopsis,  33. 

•Roanokensis,  Lea,  1838,  vi.  27,  8,  21,  Synopsis,  32. 
rosaceus,  Dekay ,  Zool.  of  New  York,  192,  39,  355,  356,  and  pi. 40,  fig.357. 

rotundatus,  Lam.  An..sans  Yert.  Desh.  ed.  vi.  538. 

U.  suborbiculata,  Lam.  Desh.  ib.  546. 

decorticata,  Raf.  Ann.  v.  36,  Poulson’s  Trans.  33. 
glebulus,  Say,  Amer.  Conch,  pi.  34. 
subglobosus,  Lea,  v.  30,  2,  3. 
rotundatus,  Lea,  Synopsis,  34. 

rubellus,  Con.  New  Fresh  Water  Shells,  38,  6,  2. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  34. 

Ruber,  Raf.  v.  48,  Poulson’s  Trans.  55. 

U.  pyramidatus,  Lea,  iv.  109,  16,  39,  Synopsis,  25. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  16,  fig.  5. 

U.  coccineus,  Jay,  (not  Hildreth,)  Catalogue,  66. 
rudis,  Con.  Monog.  76,  43,  1. 

U.  Ravenelianus,  Lea,  v.  32,  3,  5,  Synopsis,  26. 
rufusculus,  Lea,  1852,  x.  258,  14,  7,  Synopsis,  33. 

Rumphianus,  Lea,  1852,  x.  276,  22,  34. 
sagittiformis,  Lea,  1852,  x.  277,  22,35,  Synopsis,  37. 

Sapotalensis,  Lea,  viii.  233,  21,  47,  Synopsis,  29. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  33,  fig.  4. 
saxeus,  Con.  Monography  of  North  American  Unionidae,  109,  60,  1. 
satur,  Lea ,  1852,  x.  265,  17,  19,  Synopsis,  24. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  27. 

•seeuriformis,  Con.  Journ.  A.  N.  S.  i.  275,  37,  1. 

semigranosus,  V.  d.  Busch. 

Phillippi ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  1,  1,  1,  2,  3. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  20. 

Shepardianus,  Lea,  1834,  v.  95,  13,  38,  Synopsis,  35. 

Con.  Monog.  70,  39. 

simus,  Lea,  1838,  vi.  26,  8,  20,  Synopsis,  31. 
sintoxia,*  Raf.  v.  44,  Poulson’s  Trans,  v.  48. 
sordidus,  Lea,  1852,  x.  254,  12,  1.  Synopsis,  33. 

Sowerbianus,  Lea,  1834,  v.  68, 10,  28,  Synopsis,  25. 

Con.  Monog.  66,  37,  1. 

sparsus,  Lea,  1841,  viii.  242,  25,  58,  Synopsis,  22. 

Chenu ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  26,  fig.  2. 
spatulatus,  Lea,  1845,  x.  80,  8,  22. 
spinosus,  Lea,  vi.  57,  16,  50,  Synopsis,  23. 

Chenu ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  22,  fig.  6. 
splendidus,  Lea,  vi.  70,  19,  61,  Synopsis,  27. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  17,  fig.  7. 
stagnalis,  Con.  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  2d  ser.  i.  275,  37,  2. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  27. 


*  The  specimen  in  Mr.  Poulson’s  cabinet  labelled  sintoxia  by  Rafinesque  is 
a  large  compressed  shell,  similar  in  outline  to  TJ.  coceineics.  Length  3|  inches  $ 
height  3  inches. 


258 


[February, 


Unio  stapes,  Lea,  1832,  iv.  77,  7,  8,  Synopsis,  22. 

Con.  Monog.  83,  46,  1. 

Fer.  Guerin’s  Mag.  1835,  28. 

Chenu ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  15,  fig.  5. 

stegarius,  Raf.  Ann.  v.  46,  Poulson’s  Trans.  51. 

Con.  Monog.  83,  46,  1. 

Fer.  Guerin’s  Mag.  1835,  28. 

U.  irroratus,  Lea,  1852,  iii.  269,  5,  5,  Synopsis,  22. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  10,  fig.  3. 

Stewardsonii,  Lea,  1852,  x.  278,  23,  36,  Synopsis,  20. 

Stonensis,  Lea,  viii.  195,  8,  5,  Synopsis,  27. 

8tramineus,  Con.  Sillim.  Journ.  xxv.339,  1,  6. 

Monog.  91,  50, 1. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  28. 

striatus,  Lea,  1841,  viii.  203,  12,  16,  Synopsis,  26. 
strigosus,  Lea,  1841,  viii.  198,  9,  9,  Synopsis,  36. 

Chenu ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  30,  fig.  6. 
subinflatus,  Con.  New  Fresh  Water  Shells,  Appendix,  1835,  5. 
Monog.  97,  54,  1. 

U.  Hopetonensis  ?  Lea,  1838,  vi.  29,  9,  24,  Synopsis,  32. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  20,  5. 
subplanus,  Con.  Monog.  73,  41,  1. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  33. 

subrotundus,  Raf.  (young)  Ann.  42,  Poulson’s  Trans.  44. 

Say ,  Amer.  Conch.  Synonym,  of  Unio,  No.  32. 

Fer.  Guerin’s  Mag.  p.  28. 

U.  striatus,  Raf.  (old)  Ann.  v.  45,  Poulson’s  Trans.  50. 

circulus,  Lea,  iii.  433,  9,  14,  Synopsis,  34. 

Chenu.  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  16,  fig.  1. 

subtentus,  Say,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  v.  130,  Amer.  Conch,  pi.  15. 
Con.  Sillim.  Jour.  xxv.  339,  1,  4,  Monog.  85,  47,  1. 

Fer.  Guerin’s  Mag.  1835. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  21. 

subrostratus,  Say,  Disseminator,  1830. 

U.  iris,  Lea,  iii.  439,  11,  18,  Synopsis,  38. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  8,  fig.  7. 

symmetricus,  Lea,  1845,  x.  73,  4,  11,  Synopsis,  32. 

Tampicoensis,  Lea,  vi.  24, 7,  18,  Synopsis,  26. 

Chenu ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  21,  fig.  5. 
taeniatus,  Con.  New  Fresh  Water  Shells,  26,  4,  2. 

U.  pulcher,  Lea ,  vi.  6,  3,  6,  Synopsis,  28. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  17,  fig.  2. 

Taitianus,^Xea,  39,4,11,  Synopsis,  25. 

Tecomatensis,  Lea,  1841,  viii.  234,  21,  48,  Synopsis,  27. 

Chenu ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  31,  fig.  6. 

Tennesseensis,  Lea ,  1842,  viii.  199,  10,  11,  Synopsis,  27. 

Chenu ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  27,  fig.  1. 
tener,  Lea,  1842,  'viii.  198,  10,  10.  Synopsis,  28. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  31,  fig.  1. 

tenerus,  Ravenel ,  Lea,  1834,  v.  63,  9,2.  Synopsis,  39. 

U.  tenebrosus,  Con.  New  Fresh  Water  Shells,  42,  7,  1. 

tetralasmus,  Say,  Amer.  Conch,  pi.  23. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  32. 


259 


1853.] 

Unio  teres,  Raf.  Ann.,  v.  55,  Poulson’s  trans.  68. 

Con .  Monog.  52,  28. 

Fer.  Guerin’s  Mag.  1835,  27. 

Say ,  Synonym,  of  Unio,  No.  42. 

U.  Anodontoides,  Lea ,  iv.  86,  8,  11,  Synopsis,  36. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  14,  3. 

trabalis,  Con.  New  Fresh  Water  Shells,  Mav,  1834,  27,  3,  5. 

Monog.,  110,60,2. 

U.  Troostensis,  Lea ,  Aug.  1834,  v.  71,  10,  30,  Synopsis,  25. 
trigonus,  Lea ,  1832,  iv.  110,  16,  40,  Synopsis  25. 
tortivus,  Lea,  1842,  viii.  204,  12,  17,  Synopsi-  24. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  29,  fig.  6. 

torulosus,  Raf.  (obliquaria)  Ann.  v.  48,  Poulson’s  Trans.  56. 
Fer.,  Guerin’s  Mag.  1835,  p.  28. 

Kast.f  Chemn.  Unio,  28,  4,  3,4. 

Say ,  Amer.  Conch.  Synonym,  of  Unio,  No.  40. 

(J.  gibbosus,  Raf.,  Con.  Monog.  50,  27. 

Kust.  Chemn.  Unio,  28,  4,  3,  4. 

U.  perplexus,  Lea ,  iv.  122,  17,  42,  Synopsis,  23. 

Chenu ,  pi.  18,  fig.  5. 

triqueter,  Raf.  Ann.  v.  34,  Poulson’s  Trans.  31. 

U.  triangularis,  Barnes ,  vi.  272,  fig.  17. 

U.  formosus,  Lea,  iv.  Ill,  16,41. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  8,  fig.  12. 

U.  triangularis.  Lea ,  Synopsis,  22. 

truncatus,  Raf.  Ann.  v.  35,  Poulson’s  Trans.  31. 

Fer.  Guerin’s  Mag.  1835, 

Say ,  Amer.  Conch.  Synonym,  of  Unio,  No. 

U.  elegans,  Lea ,  iv.  83,  9,  13,  Synopsis,  23. 

Cherniy  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  15,  fig.  3. 

trossulus,  Lea,  ix.  278,  40,  6,  Synopsis,  25. 

tuberosus,  Lea,  1842,  viii.  210,  14,  25,  Synopsis,  22. 

Chenu ,  pi.  28,  fig.  7. 

tumescens,  Lea,  1845,  x.  71,  3,  7.  Synopsis,  25. 
undatus,  ( n )  Barnes,  Sillim.  Journ.  vi.  121,  4,  4. 
unicolor.  Lea,  1845,  x.  74,  4,  12,  Synopsis,  34. 
utriculus,  Lea,  1845,  x.  69,  1,  3,  Synopsis, 

Vanuxemiensis,  Lea,  1838,  vi.  36,  11,  31,  Synopsis,  29. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  19,  fig.  3. 

Vaughnianus,  Lea ,  vi.  5,  3,  5,  Synopsis,  38. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  21,  fig.  1. 
velatus,  Con.,  1853,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  iii.  2d  series, 
venustus,  Lea,  1838,  vi.  4,  2,  4,  Synopsis,  27. 

Chenu.  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  22,  fig.  1. 
verrucosus,  Raf.  Ann.  v.  42,  Poulson’s  Trans.  44. 

U.  tuberculatus,  Barnes,  Sillim.  Journ.  vi. 

Hildreth ,  Sillim.  Jour.  xiv.  281,  fig.  8.  Lea,  Synopsis,  23. 
viridis,  (o)  Raf.  Ann.  v.  27,  Poulson’s  Trans.  19. 

Con.,  Monog.,  36,  17,  1. 

U.  Tappanianus,  Lea,  vi.  62,  17,  55,  Synopsis,  39. 

Dekay,  Zool.  of  New  York,  part  i.  194,  20,  242. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  20,  fig.  2. 


260 


[February, 


Unio  vibex,  Con.  New  FreshWater  Shells,  31,  4,  3. 

Lea ,  Synopsis,  30. 

Whiteanus,  Lea ,  1852,  x.  258,  14,  8,  Synopsis  33. 

Zeiglerianus,  Lea ,  1838  (Zieglerianus  ?)  vi.  32,  10,27.  Synopsis,  29. 
Chenu ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  24,  fig.  2. 

Metaptera,  Raf.,  Agas. 

Metap.  alata. 

U.  alata,  Say ,  Nicholson’s  Encyclopedia,  iv.  pi.  4,  fig.  2. 

Lam.  Anim.  sans  Vert.  1819,  vi.  76.  Desk.  ed.  of  Lam.  vi.  539. 
Symphynota  alata,  Lea,  iii.  448.  U.  alatus,  Synopsis,  19. 

Barnes,  Sillim.  Journ.  vi.  260. 

Con.,  Monog.,  56,  31. 

Metaptera  megaptera,  Raf.,  Ann.  v.  34,  80,  20,  Poulson’s  Trans.  29. 
Symphynota  alata,  Lea,  iii.  448.  U.  alatus,  Synopsis,  19. 

Lymnadia  alata,  Swains.  Malac.  265,  48. 

U.  alatus,  Rust.  Chemn.  Unio.  15,  1,  1. 
fragilis.* 

Elliptio  fragilis,  Raf.  Ann.  v.  29.  Poulson’s  Trans.  22. 

U.  fragilis,  Swains .,  Zool.  Illust.  1st  ser.  pi.  171. 

U.  fragilis,  Say,  Amer.  Conch.  Syn.  No.  6. 

Rust.  Chemn.  Unio,  19,  3,  1. 

U.  gracilis,  Barnes,  Sillim.  Journ.  vi.  174. 

Symphynota  gracilis,  Lea,  iii.  452.  U.  gracilis,  Synopsis,  19. 
inflata. 

Symphynota  inflata,  Lea,  iv.  99,  14,  28. 

U.  inflatus,  Monog.  57,32. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  19. 

Rust.  Chem.  TTnio,  17,  2,  1. 

U.  Alabamensis,  Con.,  New  Fresh  Water  Shells,  p.  67. 

Ohiensis. 

Lastena  Ohiensis,  Raf.  Ann.  v.  50,  Poulson’s  Trans.  60. 

U.  laevissimus,  Lea ,  iii.  444,  13,  23,  Synopsis,  19. 


Plectomerus,  Con. 

Shell  subalated,  obliquely  plicated;  cardinal  teeth  very  thick,  sulcated,  the 
posterior  lobe  directed  towards  the  posterior  extremity  of  the  shell ;  posterior 
muscular  impressions  scarcely  impressed,  confluent. 

Plect.  atromarginatus. 

U.  atromarginatus,  Lea,  viii.  207,  13,  21,  Synopsis,  19. 

Chenu ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  28,  fig.  6. 

Boykianus. 

U.  Boykianus,  Lea,  viii.  208,  13,  22,  Synopsis,  19. 

Chenu,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  27,  fig.  2. 
costal  us. 

U.  costatus,  Raf.  Ann.  v.  49,  Poulson’s  Trans.  57. 

Con.  Monog.  17,  7. 

U.  undulatus,  Barnes,  Sillim.  Journ.  vi.  120,  pi.  2. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  20. 

U.  latecostatus,  Lea,  1845,  x.  68,  1,  2. 


*  I  have  not  quoted  Stimpson  for  this  species,  because  he  says  that  the  Ohio 
species  is  different  from  the  shell  usually  regarded  as  the  same,  which  inhabits 
Lake  Champlain,  and  he  refers  only  to  the  latter.  Rafinesque  described  the 
Western  shell.  As  Say’s  U.  alatus  was  found  in  Lake  Erie,  I  do  not  know 
whether  Agassiz  considers  it  the  same  as  the  Ohio  river  species,  or  as  that  of 
Lake  Champlain. 


261 


1853.] 

Plect.  crassidens. 

U.  crassidens,*  (a)  Lam.,  An.  sans  Vert.  vi.  71. 

interruptus,  Say.,  Transylvania  Journ.,  1831,  iv.  525. 
Amer.  Conch,  pi.  33. 

trapezoides.  Lea,  1838,  vi.  69,  3,  1,  Synopsis,  21. 

Chenu ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  28,  fig.  6. 

Nicklinianus. 

U.  Niekiinianus,  Lea,  v.  28,  1,  1,  Synopsis,  19. 

perplicatus,  Con.  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  2d  ser.  i.  19. 

Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  ii.  276,  38,  2. 

U.  atrocostatus,  Lea,  Aug.  1845,  x.  70,  2,  15,  Synopsis,  20. 

*plectophorus,  Con.  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  i.  2d  ser.  277,  38,  7. 
plicatus. 

U.  plicatus,  Say ,  Nicholson’s  Enc.,  article  Conch,  iv. 

Barnes ,  Sillim.  Journ.  vi.  120,  3,  3. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  20. 

[J.  Peruviana,  Lam.,  An.  sans  Vert.  vi.  71. 

Enc.  Method,  pi.  248,  fig.  7. 

U.  rariplicata,  Lam.,  vi.  71.  Desk.  ed.  of  Lana.  v.  533. 
Dombeyanus,  Valenc. 

undulatus.  Desk,  (not  Barnes)  ed.  of  Lam.  vi.  533. 
multiplicatus,  Desk,  (not  Lea)  ib.  vi.  533. 

crassus,  Barnes,  Sillim.  Journ.  vi.  118, 1,  1. 
plicata,  Swains.,  Malac.  271,  54, e. 

Hippopaeus,  Lea,  1845,  x.  68,  1, 1. 

Sloatianus. 

U.  Sloatianus,  Lea,  viii.  217,  16,  33,  Synopsis,  21. 

Chenu ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  32,  fig.  7. 

U.  plectophorus  ?  Con. 


Complanaria,  Swains.,  Agas. 

Comp,  complanata. 

Alas,  complanata,  Barnes,  Sillim.  Journ.  vi.  278,  13,  22. 

Hild.  ibid.  xiv.  289. 

Symphynota  complanata,  Lea,  iii.  448. 

U.  complanata,  Desk.  ed.  of  Lam.  vi.  559. 

Katherina,  Lea,  Synopsis,  42. 

costata. 

Alasmidonta  costata,  Raf.,  Ann.  v.  52,  82,  15,  Poulson’s  Trans.  63. 
Alasmodonta  rugosa,  Lames,  Sillim.  Journ.  vi.  278,  13,  21. 
Complanaria  rugosa,  Agas.  Stimpson’s  Shells  of  New  Eng.  14. 

compressa. 

Symphynota  compressa,  Lea,  1832,  iii.  450,  12,  22. 

U.  compressus,  Con.  Monog.  71,  40,  1. 

Delcay,  Zool.  of  New  York,  191,  21,  245. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  19. 

Complanaria  alasmodontina,  Stimpson,  Shells  of  New  Eng.  14. 


*  This  species  is  identical  with  the  interrupts  of  Say  and  trapezoides  of  Lea. 
The  description  “  antice  binis  ternisve  subsinuosa,”  can  apply  to  no  other 
species  which  could  be  compared  with  Say’s  interruptus.  This  description 
applies  to  (a)  of  Lam.,  which  Mr.  Lea  acknowledges  to  be  his  trapezoides , 
and  is  the  type  of  crassidens .  How,  then,  can  he  set  it  aside,  and  take  up  h 
as  the  type  of  that  species,  especially  as  it  does  not  agree  with  the  description? 


262 


[February, 


Margaritana,  Schumacher . 

Marg.  arcuata. 

Alasmodonta  arcuata,  Barnes ,  Sillim.  Journ.  vi.  277,  12,  20. 
Gould ,  Invert,  of  Mass.  114,  fig.  75. 

Dehay ,  Zool.  of  New  York,  197,  14,  224. 

Margaritana  margaritifera,  Lea ,  (not  Lin.)  Synopsis,  43. 

M.  arcuata,  Stimpson ,  Shells  of  New  England,  15. 
falcata,  Gould . 
monodonta. 

Unio  monodontus,  Amer.  Conch,  pi.  6. 

Desk.  ed.  of  Lam.  An.  sans  Vert.  vi.  553. 

Alas,  monodonta,  Fer.  Guerin’s  Mag.  1S35,  note  8,  31. 

U.  Soleniformis,  Lea ,  iv.  86,  10,  16,  Synopsis,  39. 

Chenu ,  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  14,  fig.  4. 

Alasmodonta,  Say. 

arcula,  Leaf  1838,  vi.  71,22,  69,  Synopsis,  42. 
confragosa,  Say.  Amer.  Conch,  pi.  21. 

U.  confragosa,  Desk.  ed.  of  Lam.  vi.  553. 

Marg.  confragosa,  Lea,  Synopsis,  42. 
marginata,  Say,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  i.  459. 

BarneSf  Sillim.  Journ.  vi.  279. 

U.  varicosa,  Lam.  An.  sans.  Vert.  vi.  78,  Desh.  ed.  543. 

Mya  rugulosa,  Wood.  Index,  Sup.  pi.  1,  fig.  7. 

Margaritana  marginata,  Lea,  Synopsis,  42. 

Alas,  marginata,  Dehay ,  Zool.  of  New  York,  196,  14,  226. 
truncata,  Say,  MSS.  Gould,  Invert.  117. 

Alas,  marginata,  Auc.  (Western  var.) 

Leptodea,  Raf.. 

Lept.  lata,  Raf.,  Ann.  v.  51,  82,  17,  Poulson’s  Trans.  61. 

U.  dehiscens,  Say,  Disseminator,  ii.  308. 

Amer.  Conch,  pi.  24. 

Desh.  ed.  of  Lam.  554. 

U.  oriens,  Lea,  v.  4,  6,  5,  Synopsis,  43. 

U.  dehiscens,  Lea,  Synopsis,  43. 

Chenu.  Conchyl.  Unio,  pi.  14,  fig.  2. 

Anodonta  lata,  Fer.  Guerin’s  Mag.  1835,  25. 

U.  latus,  Say,  Amer.  Conch.  Syn.  of  Unio,  No.  44. 
leptodon,  Raf.,  Ann.  v.  Poulson’s  Trans.  21. 

U.  leptodon,  Say.  Amer.  Conch.  Syn.  of  Unio,  No.  6. 

Fer.  Guerin’s  Mag.  25. 

Con.,  Monog.  59,  33. 

U.  planus,  Barnes ,  Sillim.  Journ.  vi.  272. 

Anodonta  purpurascens,  Swain.,  Zool.  Illust.  1st  ser.  iii.  pi.  160. 
Symphynota  tenuissima,  Lea,  iii.  453,  11,  21. 

Unio  tenuissima,  Lea,  Synopsis,  38. 

Strophitus,  Raf.  Hemiodon,  Swains. 

argenteus. 

Anod.  argentea,  Lea,  223,  19,  41. 

Arkansensis. 

Anod.  Arkansensis,  Lea,  x.  293,  29,  56. 
calceolus. 

U.  calceola,  Lea,  iii.  265,  3,  1. 

Desh.  ed.  of  Lam.  An.  sans  Vert.  546. 

Margaritana  calceola,  Lea,  Synopsis,  43. 


263 


1853.] 

Stroph.  Curreyanus. 

Margaritana  Curreyana,  Lea ,  viii.  223,  18,  40,  Synopsis,  42. 
deltoideus. 

Marg.  deltoidea,  Lea ,  vi.  43,  13,  38,  Synopsis,  42. 
edentulus. 

Alas,  edentula,  Say,  Disseminator. 

Anodonta  edentula,  Defray ,  Zool.  of  New  York,  201,  15,  231. 
A.  edentula,  Lea ,  Synopsis,  49. 

A.  areolata,  Swains.,  Zool.  Illust.  2d  ser.  i.  pi.  1. 

Etowaosis,  Con.  Proceed.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.#849,  iv.  154. 
fabula. 

Marg.  fabula,  Lea,  vi.  44,  13,  39,  Synopsis,  44. 
Hildrethianus. 

Marg.  Hildrethiana,  Lea,  v.  36,  3,  8.  Synopsis,  43. 

Holstonia  ? 

Marg.  Holstonia,  Lea,  vi.  42,  13,  37,  Synopsis,  44. 
minor. 

Marg.  minor,  Lea,  x.  82,  8,  26,  Synopsis,  42. 

Tadiatus,  Con. 

Alas,  radiata,  Sillim.  Journ.  xxv.  34,  1,  10. 

Marg.  radiata,  Lea,  Synopsis,  43. 

Ravenelianus. 

Marg.  Ravenelianus,  Lea,  v.  106,  17,  50,  Synopsis,  42. 
Shaefferiana. 

Anod.  Shaefferiana,  Lea,  x.  pi.  26,  fig.  50. 
tetragona. 

Anod.  tetragona,  Lea,  1846,  x.  82,  8,  25. 

•unadilla,  Defray,  Zool.  of  New  York,  part  i.  199,  15,  228. 
undulatus. 

Anod.  undulata,  Say,  Nicholson’s  Ency.  iv.  pi.  3,  fig.  6. 
Gould,  Invert,  of  Mass.  120. 

Anod.  rugosa,  Swains .,  Zool.  Illust.  1st  series,  ii.  96. 

A.  Pennsylvanica,  Lam.  An.  sans  Vert.  vi.  86. 

Strophitus  undulatus,  Stimp.  Shells  of  New  England,  1 5. 
virgatus,  Con.  Monog.  cover  of  No.  6,  June,  1836. 

Anod.  Wardiana,  Lea,  1838,  vi.  46,  14,  42. 

Anodonta,  Cuvier,  Lam. 

Anod.  angulata,  Lea,  vi.  97,  16,  52. 

Benedictensis,  Lea ,  vi.  104,  16,  48. 

Buchanensis,  Lea,  vi.  47,  16,  43. 

Californiensis,  Lea,  x.  286,  25,  47. 

cataracta,  ( a )  Say ,  Nicholson’s  Encyc.  iv.  pi.  3,  fig.  4. 

Lam.  An.  sans  Vert.  vi.  85. 

A.  fiuviatilis.  Lea,  vi.  138,  Synopsis, 

Gould,  Invert,  of  Mass.  117. 

Defray ,  Zool.  of  New  York,  203,  18,  234. 

Kust.  Chemn.  Unio,  33,  7,  2. 
cognata,  Gould. 

Couperiana,  Lea,  viii.  227,  20,  46. 
cylindracea,  Lea,  vi.  45,  13,  40. 
decora,  Lea,  vi.  64,  20,  63. 

declivis,  Con.  Sillim.  Journ.,  July,  1834,  xxv.  341,  1,  11, 

A.  plana,  Lea ,  Aug.  1834,  v.  48,  7,  18. 

41 


264 


[February, 


Anod.  denigrata,  Lea ,  1852,  x.  285,  25,  45. 

excurvata,  LeJcay ,  Zool.  of  New  York,  202,  17,  233. 
fragilis,  Lam.  An.  sans  Yert.  vi.  85. 
ferruginea,  Lea,  viii.  225,  19,  43. 

Ferussaciana,  v.  45,  6,  15. 

Footiana,  Lea,  viii.  226,  20,  44. 

gibbosa,  Say,  Long’s  Ex.  to  St.  Peter’s,  1824,  ii.  26‘5.  Lea,  Synopsis,  50. 
gigantea,  Lea.  vi.  1,  1,  1. 
glauca,  Valen.  Lea,  Synopsis,  50. 

Delassert ,  Recueil  de  Coquilles,  pi.  13,  fig.  3. 

grandis,  Say ,  Dissem.  1829,  341. 

Lea,  Synopsis,  51. 
corpulenta,  Cooper ,  MSS. 

Harpenthis,  Lea,  viii.  224,  19,  42. 

imbecilis.  Say,  Dissem.  1829. 
incerta,  Lea,  1834,  v.  46,  6,  16. 

implicata,  Say,  Dissem.  350. 

Gould,  Invert,  of  Mass.  118,  78. 

A.  Newtonensis,  Lea,  vi.  79.  21,  66. 

impura,  Say,  Dissem.  1829.  Lea,  Synopsis,  53. 

Linneana,  Lea,  x.  289,  27,  51. 
lugubris,  Say ,  Disseminator,  1829,  340. 

Marryattana,  Lea ,  viii.  226,  20,  45. 

marginata,  ( b )  Say,  Nicholson’s  Encyclop.  iv.  pi.  3.  fig.  1. 

Nuttalliana,  Lea,  vi.  77,  20,  62. 
oblita,  Lea,  1852,  x.  290,  28,  52. 
opaca,  Lea,  1852,  x.  285,  25,  46. 

Oregonensis,  Lea,  vi.  80,  21,  67. 
ovata,  Lea,  vi.  2,  2,  2. 
pavonia.  Lea,  vi.  78,  21,  45. 

Pepiniana,  Lea,  vi.  96,  16,  51. 

plicata,  Hald.  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  viii.  202. 

salmonia,  Lea,  vi.  45,  14,  41. 

Stewartiana,  Lea,  v.  47,  6,  17. 
suborbiculata,  Say,  Amer.  Conch,  pi.  11. 
subcylindracea,  Lea,  vi.  106,  24,  117. 
subvexa,  Con.,  Sillim.  Journ.  xxv.  341,  1,  12. 
teres,  Con.  New  Fresh  Water  Shells,  47,  7,  2. 
virens,  Lea,  x.  pi.  28.  fig.  53. 

Wahlamatensis,  Lea,  vi.  68,  20,  64. 

NOTES. 

(a.)  JJnio  asper.  Ferussac  considered  this  species  and  Say’s  apiculatus  the 
same;  but  there  is  a  strongly  marked  difference  in  the  arrangement  of  the 
tubercles  and  in  the  form  of  the  shells  posteriorly.  (Guerin’s  Mag.  1835.) 

(6.)  U.  cariosus.  In  my  Monograph  I  followed  Ferussac  in  referring  U. 
luteola,  Lam.,  to  this  species,  but  his  description  does  not  apply.  It  very  well 
describes  U.  siliquoideus,  Barnes,  in  an  early  stage  of  growth. 


1853.] 


265 


( c .)  TJ.  cerinus.  This  species  cannot  be  confounded  with  flavus  ;  it  has  much 
less  prominent  beaks,  more  compressed  disks,  is  proportionally  longer,  with  the 
hinge  and  basal  margins  more  nearly  parallel,  while  the  color  of  the  epidermis 
and  of  nacre  are  very  different.  Mr.  Lea  seems  to  have  hastily  made  them  one 
species,  probably  without  having  time  or  inclination  to  compare  them. 

(e.)  TJ.  complanatus ,  Soland.  There  has  been  some  controversy  respecting 
the  original  name  of  this  species,  but  it  seems  clear  that  Solander  had  Say’s 
purpureas  in  view  when  he  described  his  species.  He  not  only  remarks  that  it 
inhabits  rivers  in  Maryland  and  New  Jersey,  but  his  description,  “  ovate,  com¬ 
pressed,  with  the  front  (posterior)  margin  straight,  obliquely  truncated  towards 
the  cardinal  slope,  hinge  with  the  primary  teeth  three-sided  and  striated,”  applies 
very  well  to  a  common  variety  of  Say’s  purpureas.  If  Solander’s  name  had 
been  founded  alone  on  the  figure  in  Lister,  t.  150,  fig.  5,  it  could  not  be  retained, 
because  the  species  intended  to  be  represented  by  that  figure  will  probably  ever 
be  disputed;  and  it  represents  TJ.  niger,  Raf.,  much  better  than  the  shell  in 
question.  Lamarck  even  quotes  it  for  erassidens ,  (Lea’s  trapezoides ,)  w'hich  it 
certainly  does  not  resemble.  The  words  <£  admodum  crassus,”  engraved  on 
Lister’s  plate,  prove  that  it  was  an  exceedingly  thick  shell,  and  a  Western 
species. 

(/.)  TJ.  clava.  Kuster  has  quoted  Rafinesque’s  figures  23  and  24  for  his  gibbosa, 
which  is  a  nodulosus  species  not  figured  on  any  of  his  plates.  Those  figures 
represent  TJ.  scalenia. 

(g.)  TJ.  nodiferus ,  Con.  Mr.  Lea  considers  this  identical  wTith  prasinus. 
Since  I  have  compared  several  specimens  with  a  fine  series  of  the  latter  species, 
I  see  little  resemblance  between  them.  The  nodiferus  is  a  smaller,  more  ven- 
tricose  and  inequilateral  shell,  and  the  large  tubercles  grouped  together  about 
the  middle  of  the  disc,  are  never  seen  in  prasinus.  The  latter  has  the  slightly 
prominent  tear-shaped  tubercles  like  the  young  quadrulus ,  very  dissimilar  in 
number,  shape  and  prominence  to  those  of  the  nodiferus.  Three  specimens  of 
the  latter,  from  Alabama,  are  in  the  collection  of  the  Academy. 

(A.)  TJ.  ochraceus ,  Say.  T.  157,  fig.  12,  in  Lister’s  Conch.,  is  usually  referred  to 
Anodonta  cataracta  of  Say,  but  it  much  better  agrees  with  the  Southern  variety 
of  TJ.  ochraceus.  The  color,  “  subruber,”  does  not  agree  with  any  of  our  Ano- 
dontas,  and,  moreover,  Lister  names  it  Pectunculus,  under  which  general  term 
he  includes  Galathea ,  Paxyodon  and  Cyclas ,  which  is  sufficient  evidence  that 
his  Pectunculus  fluviatilis  had  well  defined  teeth.  The  cardinal  teeth  of  the 
Southern  ochraceus  being  distinctly  striated,  would  account  for  the  name  of 
Pectunculus  being  applied  to  it.  Besides,  it  will  be  observed  that  Lister  com¬ 
mences  the  Anodontas  with  the  heading  of  “  Section  2d,  De  musculis  cardine 
laevi,”  which  includes  three  species.  His  Section  3d  then  commences  under 
the  heading  of  (i  Pectunculus.”  This  is  proof  positive  that  his  t.  157,  fig.  12, 
is  not  an  Anodonta. 

(t.)  TJ.  obliquus,  Lam.  Mr.  Lea  has  referred  Barnes’  undatus  to  this  species, 
but  Lamarck’s  description  is  wholly  inapplicable  to  undatus ,  wrhich  is  not 
oblique,  and  certainly  not “  ovate-rotundate.”  The  error  probably  originated 
in  Barnes’  citation  of  Lamarck’s  species  with  a  mark  of  doubt,  as  synonymous 
with  undatus. 

(j.)  TJ.  plexus ,  Con.  There  is  a  variety  of  this  species,  more  elliptical,  and 
with  the  umbo  and  upper  part  of  the  disc  covered  with  clo3ely-arranged  granu¬ 
lations.  It  is  possible  that  this  may  prove  to  be  a  distinct  species.  TJ.  semi- 
granosus ,  some  conchologists  think  the  same  species  with  TJ.  plexus ,  but  it 
certainly  cannot  be,  if  von  dem  Busch’s  species  is  represented  in  Phillippi’s 
Conchyl.  pi.  1,  fig.  1.  That  is  a  far  larger  shell,  and  of  a  totally  different 
character. 

(£.)  TJ.  prasinus ,  Con.  Mr.  Lea  observes  that  Prof.  Kirtland  thinks  this 
may  prove  to  be  a  variety  of  pustulosus ,  ( bullatus ,  Raf.)  They  are,  however, 


266 


[jbEBKUAKl, 


very  distinct  species,  the  prasinus  being  much  longer  comparatively,  with 
fewer  and  less-prominent  tubercles,  and  arranged  in  a  very  different  manner. 
The  cardinal  plate  under  the  beaks  is  not  dilated ;  in  the  nodulatus ,  it  is  pro- 
f  mndl y  dilated,  a  very  important  difference,  which'  it  is  strange  should  have 
b  -en  overlooked.  Young  shells  of  prasinus  and  bullatus ,  when  compared,  are 
strikingly  dissimilar. 

(7.)  77.  purpuratus ,  Lam.  There  is  no  doubt  that  Solander  named  this  species 
ventricosa ,  as  Humphreys  terms  it  “  La  Ventrue  rouge,”  and  gives  the  habitat 
of  “Mississippi  river,”  where  it  abounds,  and  where  no  other  species  has  beer 
found  which  agrees  with  the  description. 

(w.)  77.  quadruhis  is  not  77.  rugosvis,  Barnes.  Mr.  Lea  remarks  that  some  of 
our  best  Western  conchologists  think  77.  rugosus  identical  with  77.  fragosus. 
Barnes’  figure  certainly  has  little  resemblance  to  the  latter,  and  the  “  broad 
nodulous,  somewhat  double  ridge,”  wholly  inapplicable  to  quadrrilus.  Mr.  Lea 
says,  “two  specimens  referred  to  by  Mr.  B.  as  rugosus,  were  under  my  inspec¬ 
tion,  and  proved  to  be,  the  one  a  flat  metanever ,  and  the  other  a  plicatus .”  Now 
the  rugosus  may  be  the  metaneurus,  Raf.,  but  Barnes’  figure  was  never  intended 
for  any  variety  of  the  77.  plicatus . 

Mr.  Say  has  unfortunately  copied  Barnes’  description  of  77.  rugosus ,  and 
applied  it  to  77.  quadrulus ,  Raf. 

(n.)  77.  undatus.  It  has  been  supposed  that  this  was  the  shell  described  by 
Mr.  Lea  as  trigonus ,  but  it  is  distinct.  There  is  a  fine  specimen  of  undatus  in 
the  collection  of  the  Academy,  which  agrees  perfectly  with  Barnes’  figure,  and 
is  much  more  ventricose  anteriorly  and  over  the  umbo,  than  trigonus ;  has  more 
elevated  beaks,  and  is  very  inequilateral,  whilst  the  latter  is  nearly  equila¬ 
teral.  The  undatus  is  equally^distinct  from  cordatus ,  Raf.,  which  is  compara¬ 
tively  compressed. 

Compare  Barnes*  description,  “  subtriangular,  very  tumid,  waved,”  with  La¬ 
marck’s  description  of  77.  obliqua ,  “  ovato-ro{undate,  oblique,”  and  the  discre¬ 
pancy  must  strike  every  one ;  yet  both  Lea  and  Deshayes  make  them  one 
species. 

77.  undulaUis ,  Barnes.  The  old  specimens  of  this  species  have  so  much 
resemblance  to  Say’s  heros,  as  even  to  have  deceived  Say  himself,  who  aban¬ 
doned  his  species,  and  referred  it  to  Barnes’s  undulatus  ;  but  it  is  a  very 
distinct  species,  the  young  shell  having  little  resemblance  to  that  of  the  latter. 
There  can  be  no  doubt  that  Barnes  figured  the  species  now  known  as  the 
costatus  of  Raf. 

(o.)  77.  viridis ,  Raf.  Mr.  Lea  gives  another  name  to  this  shell,  because  he 
says  it  is  not  Rafinesque’s  species,  which  it  certainly  is ;  yet  he  does  not 
acknowledge  Rafinesque  as  authority,  for  he  applies  his  specific  names,  as  in 
the  case  of  77.  interruptus,  to  a  species  of  his  own ;  consequently  the  shell  in 
question  should  have  been  quoted  by  him  as  U.  viridis ,  Con.,  unless  he  has  one 
rule  applicable  to  himself  and  another  referable  to  other  authors.  The  shell 
labelled  viridis  by  Rafinesque  himself  in  Mr.  Poulson’s  cabinet,  is  the  same  as 
Lea’s  Tappianus. 

Anodonta. 

(a.)  A.  cataracta ,  Say.  The  Mytilus  fluviatilis  of  Gmel.  and  Dillwyn,  and 
the  M.  illitus  of  Solander,  appear  to  be  merely  names  given  to  the  TJnio  ockra- 
ceus  in  Lister’s  work,  t.  157,  fig.  12.  The  two  Anodontas  figured  by  Lister,  t. 
154,  155,  and  having  Virg.  inscribed  upon  the  plates,  I  cannot  refer  to  any  of 
our  species. 

(b.)  A.  marginata,  Say.  Dekay  regarded  this  shell  as  the  young  of  implicata , 
and  it  is  not  unlikely  his  opinion  was  correct.  It  certainly  is  not  Say’s 
cataracta . 


1853.] 


267 


Supplementary  Notes. 

TJ.  cuneatns ,  "Raf.  Having  examined  several  specimens  of  this  shell,  it  is 
found  to  be  a  form  between  TJ.  pati^lus  and  TJ.  clavus ,  and  may  be  a  distinct 
species. 

TJ.  faseiolus,  Raf.  Mr.  Poulson’s  specimen  labelled  by  Rafinesque,  is  not  TJ. 
multiradiatus ,  but  certainly  U.  subangulatus,  Lea. 

U.  simplex ,  Lea.  It  is  strange  that  Mr.  Lea  should  compare  this  shell  with 
TJ.  Hydianus,  to  which  it  bears  no  resemblance,  and  at  the  same  time  overlook 
TJ.  Greenii,  Con.  His  figure  might  almost  answer  for  a  copy  of  mine. 

TJ.  triangularis ,  Raf.  Mr.  Poulson’s  cabinet  contains  no  authentic  specimen 
of  this  species,  which  is  one  I  have  never  identified.  Pachostea,  Clijfordiana 
and  lateralis  are  also  uncertain  species.  Lampsilis  rosea  and  pallida  are  pro¬ 
bably  varieties  of  TJ.  ochraceus. 


L 


> 


Table  showing  the  geographical  range  of  the  Families  Unionim:,  Muteladce  and 
Mycetopodiile,  and  some  of  the  genera  and  sub-genera. 


Asia. 

Family  TJnionidce. 
Sub- gen  era. 

Naia,  Swains. 

Lanceolaria,*  Con. 
Monodontina,  Con. 

Genera. 

Barbala,  Humph. 

Hyriopsis,f  Con. 

Nodularia,t  Con. 

Europe. 
Sub-genera . 
Mysca,  Turton. 

Potamida,  Swains. 

Africa^ 

Family  Muteladce. 
Mutela,  Scojjoli. 

Iridella,  Con. 

Pleiodon,  Con.,  Gray. 
Calliscapha,  Swains. 

Spatha ,  Lea. 

Family  TJnionidce. 
Sub-genus'. 
Caelatura,§  Con. 

Australia. 

Family  TJnionidce. 
Hyridella,  Swaitis. 

Parreysia,  Con. 

TJ.  multidentatus ,  Parreyss. 
Cucumaria,||  Con. 


North  America. 
Family  TJnionidce. 
Sub-genera. 
Eurinea,  Raf.,  Agas. 
Lampsilis,  Raf.  Agas. 
Canthyria,  Swains. 
Theliderma,  Swains. 
Cunicula,  Swains. 

Genera . 

Metaptera,  Raf.,  Agas. 
Strophitus,  Raf. 

Lastena,  Raf. 

Complanaria,  Stoains.,  Agas. 
Alasmodonta,  Say,  Agas. 

South  America. 
Family  Muteladce. 
Genera . 

Leila,  Gray. 

Paxyodon,  Schum. 

Prisodon,  ib. 

Sub-genus. 
Iridea,  Swains . 

Family  Mycetopodidce. 
Mycetopus,  D’Orb. 

Family  TJnionidce. 
Genera. 

Lamproscapha,  Swains. 
Monocondylaea,  D’Orb. 
Byssodonta,  ib. 

Sub-genus . 
Corrugaria,  Con. 


*  U.  Grayanus,  Lea.  f  U  Delphinus,  Gruner.  t  U.  Douglasiae,  Gray. 
§  17.  Egyptiacus.  j|  U.  cucumoides,  Lea. 


268 


[February, 


Sub-genera  of  TJnio. 

Nodularia,  Con . 

Shell  nodose  ;  cardinal  teeth  robust,  single  in  the  right  valve  ;  in  each  valve 
the  principal  cardinal  tooth  is  parallel  with  the  lateral  teeth,  or  directed  towards 
the  posterior  extremity  of  the  shell. 

TJnio  Douglasice,  Gray. 

Iridea,  Swains.  South  America. 

Shell  with  corrugated  radiating  folds  on  the  beak  or  umbo ;  cardinal  teeth 
granulated,  senerally  curved,  elongated.  Third  muscular  impression  distinct, 
not  confluent,  situated  under  the  anterior  portion  of  the  cardinal  tooth. 

TJnio  granosus ,  Lam.  To  this  subgenus  I  would  refer  U.  solisiana,  D’Orb., 
77.  Paranensis,  Lea,  77.  rhuacoica ,  D’Orb.,  77.  Fontainiana ,  D’Orb.,  77.  hylcea , 
D’Orb.,  77.  Guaraniana ,  D’Orb.,  77.  Matoniana ,  D’Orb.,  77.  Psammoicu, ,  D’Orb., 
77.  charriiana ,  D’Orb. 

This  sub-genus  is  very  distinct  from  any  of  those  existing  in  North  America, 
nor,  indeed,  does  there  appear  to  be  any  sub-genus  in  South  America  identical 
with  a  Northern  group. 

Mysca,  Ttirton.  Europe. 

The  type  of  this  sub-genus,  77.  pictorum,  has  the  third  anterior  muscular  im¬ 
pression  deep,  and  more  distinct  from  the  large  one,  than  occurs  in  any  American 
species  of  Unio. 

Lanceolaria,  Con.  China. 

Shell  elongated ;  cardinal  teeth  widely  bifid ;  third  muscular  impression 
situated  at  the  base  of  the  anterior  lobe  of  the  cardinal  tooth,  not  confluent, 
and  very  profoundly  impressed;  accessory  impression  small  and  confluent  with 
the  superior  margin  of  the  large  impression ;  pallial  impression  slightly 
deflected  anteriorly. 

77.  Gray  anus,  Lea. 

Ccelatura,  Con.  Africa. 

Shell  thin,  not  elongated  ;  beaks  corrugated  or  subnodular ;  cardinal  teeth 
laminar,  greatly  elongated,  parallel  with  the  anterior  hinge  margin ;  anterior 
accessory  muscular  impressions  confluent  with  the  lower  part  of  the  larger  one  j 
pallial  impression  slightly  deflected. 

77.  JEgyptiacus ,  Caill. 

Cunicula,  Swains.  North  America. 

Shell  compressed,  thick,  lateral  teeth  robust  and  receding  from  the  dorsal 
margin,  posterior  accessory  muscular  impression  not  confluent,  and  placed  at 
the  extremity  of  the  lateral  teeth. 

77.  fasciolaris ,  lineolatus ,  FastbrooJciamis ,  subtentus ,  ccelatus ,  arcus ,  &c. 

I  have  founded  this  subgenus  on  other  characters  than  those  given  by 
Swainson. 

Glebula,  Con.  Lousiana. 

Shell  with  the  cardinal  teeth  granulated  and  profoundly  sulcated  or  divided 
into  4  or  5  lobes,  irregular,  diverging,  somewhat  resembling  those  of  Paxyodon; 
posterior  muscular  impression  very  large  and  confluent  with  the  accessory, 
which  is  obsolete. 

77.  rotundatus ,  Lam. 

Uniomerus,  Con. 

Shell  elongated,  not  thick,  with  parallel  dorsal  and  basal  margins ;  beaks 
with  obliquely  concentric  plicae. 

U.  declivis,  camptodon,  subcroceus,  Sayii,  rivularis,  perrectus,  symmetricus, 
and  excultus. 

The  members  of  this  group  inhabit  almost  exclusively  the  small  streams  and 
ponds  in  the  Southern  States. 


1853.] 


269 


Theliderma,  Swains 4 

This  embraces  all  the  tuberculated  species,  as  U.  Phillipsea,  fragosus,  nobilis, 
quadrulus,  apiculatus,  &c.  The  animal  appears  to  agree  with  that  of  the  my- 
tiloid  species,  as  U.  ruber,  coccineus,  obliquus,  cordatus,  &c. 

Lampsilis,  Raf. 

This  includes  U.  ochraceus,  ovatus,  cardium,  capax,  dolabreeformis,  &c. 
Eurinea,  Raf. 

This  includes  U.  nasutus,  rectus,  productus,  Jayensis,  lanceolatus,  &c. 


Proposed  New  Genera. 

Cucumaria,  Ccn.  Australia. 

Shell  elongated,  plicate ;  cardinal  teeth  robust,  little  prominent,  obtuse, 
slightly  lobed,  transversely  sulcated  ;  lateral  teeth  compressed,  not  prominent ; 
third  anterior  muscular  impression  profound,  not  confluent,  situated  immediately 
under,  and  near  the  extremity  of  the  cardinal  teeth. 

U.  ciicumoides,  Lea. 

Hyriopsis,  Con.  Asia. 

Shell  elongated,  posteriorly  winged  ;  cardinal  teeth  elongated,  very  oblique, 
not  prominent,  and  marked  with  transverse  granulated  lines ;  lateral  teeth  gra¬ 
nulated  on  the  margins  ;  third  anterior  muscular  impression  large,  not  confluent, 
situated  remote  from  the  extremity  of  the  cardinal  teeth ;  anterior  accessory 
muscular  impression  rather  small  and  more  distant  from  the  large  impression 
than  in  any  other  sub-genus. 

We  know  only  one  species,  U.  delphinus ,  Gruner. 

Monodontina,  Con. 

Hinge  with  an  obtuse  rounded  tooth  immediately  under  the  beak. 

Margaritana  Vondenbuschiana,  Lea.  (ilf.  Buschiana,  Con.) 


CORRIGENDA. 

U.  angustatus,  Lea,  1832,  vi.  &c. 

U.  capax,  Green,  (Symphynota  globosa,)  Lea,  1834,  v.  41,  &c. 
U.  capsaeformis,  Lea,  1834,  v.  31,  &c. 

U.  metanever,  read  U.  metaneurus. 


The  Committee  on  Major  Le  Conte’s  paper  on  the  Vines  of  North 
America,  reported  in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings. 

An  enumeration  of  the  Vines  of  North  America . 

By  John  Le  Conte,  F.  L.  S. 

In  attempting  to  give  some  account  of  the  vines  of  our  country,  a  very  con¬ 
siderable  difficulty  arises,  even  at  the  outset,  from  the  great  similarity  of  the 
different  species.  A  family  resemblance  almost  amounting  to  identity  runs 
through  the  whole  of  them.  Hence,  characters  which  are  taken  as  distinctive, 
may  appear  too  slight  to  w'arrant  us  in  separating  as  distinct  species  what  at 
first  sight  might  appear  to  be  mere  varieties.  But  setting  aside  the  shape  and 
appearance  of  the  leaves,  the  nature  of  the  fruit  and  the  method  of  its  growth, 
in  most  cases,  furnish  a  good  criterion  for  distinguishing  closely  allied  species 
from  each  other,  which  might  in  vain  be  sought  for  elsewhere. 

Some  years  ago,  when  there  existed  a  mania  for  the  cultivation  of  the  vine, 


270 


[February, 


there  was  much  written  about  our  native  grapes,  which  only  tended  to  involve 
in  obscurity  a  rather  plain  and  easily  developed  subject.  Men  unacquainted 
with  botany,  gardeners  and  others,  remarkable  only  for  their  ignorance,  folly 
and  bad  faith,  gave  names  to  various  kinds  of  grapes,  and  frequently  made  a 
dozen  species  out  of  one.  These  names,  barbarous  and  unmeaning  as 
they  are,  were  never  bestowed  on  the  same  variety  by  any  two  writers  ;  they 
saw  differences  where  none  existed,  and  endeavored  to  account  for  them  by 
supposing  impossibilities.  Thus,  a  variety  of  V.  labrusca,  which  has  been  called 
the  Isabella  and  Catawba  grape,  and  received  several  other  as  ridiculous  appel¬ 
lations,  has  been  considered  as  a  hybrid  between  a  European  and  one  of  our 
native  species.  This  variety  has  always  been  said  to  have  been  first  found  in 
South  Carolina,  a  country  where  the  Y.  vinifera  had  at  that  time  seldom  or  never 
been  cultivated,  and  where  it  by  no  means  flourishes,  and  where  likewise  the 
labrusca  is  not  found.  Although  among  some  families  of  plants  hybrids  occur 
naturally  or  may  be  formed  artificially,  yet  it  is  difficult  to  understand  how  this 
ever  can  be  the  case  in  the  genus  Yitis.  In  forming  a  hybrid,  it  is  necessary 
to  emasculate  the  flower  which  we  wish  to  produce  fruit,  and  to  impregnate 
its  pistil  with  the  pollen  of  some  other  species;  this  is  impossible  in  the 
present  instance,  on  account  of  the  minuteness  of  the  flower  and  the  parts  of 
fructification.  If  the  hybrid  be  supposed  to  be  formed  naturally,  how  could  the 
anther  dust  of  a  cultivated  plant  be  carried  in  a  sufficient  quantity  from  a  garden 
to  produce  any  effect  in  the  thick  woods  of  the  Southern  States  ? 

Botanists  have  hitherto  been  able  to  detect  but  few  species  of  Vitis  in  the 
United  States.  Michaux,  Elliot  and  others,  reckon  but  four  or  five  in  the  whole 
extent  of  our  country.  Rafinesque,  by  believing  in  the  various  follies  of  the  day, 
and  led  aside  by  writings  which  fell  into  his  hands  and  by  the  false  statements 
which  he  collected  from  different  quarters,  made  forty-one  species  of  this  genus, 
the  most  of  which  he  had  never  seen.  Although  able  to  investigate  and 
describe  as  well  as  any  naturalist  of  his  day,  he  was  led  astray  by  an  in¬ 
satiable  desire  of  making  new  species,  and  appropriating  to  himself  every  thing 
that  he  saw  or  even  heard  of  in  Natural  Science,  he  gave  names  to  many  things 
which  never  existed,  and  furnished  accounts  of  them  as  if  he  had  had  them  in 
his  possession.  Although  his  lucubrations  are  little  worthy  of  notice,  I  have 
endeavored  to  identify  as  many  of  these  numerous  species  as  possible,  and  to 
reduce  them  to  some  degree  of  certainty ;  guided  as  well  by  what  I  remember 
to  have  seen  in  his  possession,  as  by  the  short,  and,  in  many  instances,  very  im¬ 
perfect  descriptions  found  in  his  American  Manual  of  Grape  Yines ;  some  I  have 
not  been  able  to  determine,  but  scarcely  think  them  different  from  others  already 
well  known.  The  number  of  species  now  recognized  in  systematic  works  is 
not  more  than  five  or  six.  I  have  increased  this  number  considerably ;  with 
what  propriety  is  for  others  to  judge. 

In  my  wanderings  through  our  country,  I  have,  I  think,  seen  two  more  species, 
but  have  no  memoranda  of  their  characteristics  which  allow  me  to  say  more 
than  that  one  was  observed  in  the  middle  regions  of  Georgia,  which  bore  grapes 
of  a  tolerably  large  size,  in  clusters  of  such  density  that  the  berries  were  pressed 
into  a  cubic  form.  The  other  was  a  small  grape,  of  which  the  inhabitants  of 
the  upper  part  of  North  Carolina  made  a  considerable  quantity  of  pale  red  wine. 
This  may  be  the  V.  cordifolia  of  Michaux,  which  species  I  have  not  been  able 
to  determine.  The  description  of  the  last  species,  V.  palmata,  is  taken  in  a 
great  measure  from  recollection,  and  not  from  a  late  examination. 

By  the  word  racemus  or  raceme,  I  wish  to  be  always  understood  to  mean  the 
bunches  of  mature  fruit,  the  true  and  legitimate  meaning  of  the  Latin  word. 

1.  Vitis  labrusca.  Foliis  lato-cordatis,  sublobato-angulatis,  aut  quinque- 
lobatis  acuminatis,  irregulariter  eroso-dentatis,  supra  glabris,  subtus  irregulari- 
ter  reticulatis,  dense  tomentosis  aut  velutinis,  pube  incana  aut  rufescente, 
baccis  magnis  rotundis  aut  ovalibus. 

Hub. — In  the  Northern  and  Middle  States.  V.  sylvestris,  occidentalis,  et  vul- 
pina,  Bartram,  in  New  York  Medical  Repository,  Hexade  II,  vol.  I.  V.  lati- 
folia,  canina,  luteola,  rugosa,  ferruginea,  labruscoides,  blanda,  prolifera  and  obo- 


271 


1853.J 

vata,  Rafinesque’s  American  Manual  of  Grape  Vines.  Vulg.  Fox  grape,  Isa¬ 
bella  and  Catawba  grape. 

Stem  large  and  tall.  Leaves  widely  cordate,  sublobately-angled  or  distinctly 
three  or  five  lobed  ;  acuminate,  irregularly  eroso-dentate,  above  smooth,  beneath 
irregularly  reticulate,  beneath  densely  tomentose  or  velvety  ;  the  pubescence 
of  various  length,  hoary  or  rufescent.  Berries  large,  *7  of  an  inch  in  diameter, 
round  or  oval. 

The  commonest  form  of  this  species  has  thick  leaves,  with  a  rather  long 
pubescence  beneath  ;  the  racemes  are  small,  rarely  with  more  than  five  or  six 
berries  on  each;  these  are  round,  often  oblate,  black  or  red  colored,  acid  and 
austere,  frequently  occasioning  soreness  of  the  lips  and  fauces  of  those  who  eat 
them.  Another  variety  much  cultivated  under  the  names  of  Isabella,  Catawba, 
and  twenty  other  unmeaning  names,  has  the  leaves  thinner,  the  pubescence  un¬ 
derneath  much  shorter  and  more  velvety,  the  racemes  large,  long  and  dense,  the 
berries  more  or  less  oval,  red  or  black,  very  sweet  and  agreeable  to  the  taste, 
with  a  peculiar  flavor,  by  some  called  musky.  This  is  much  cultivated  in  some 
parts  of  the  Union,  and  wine  of  a  fine  quality  is  made  from  it.  But  like  all  the 
grapes  of  America  the  fruit  is  so  watery  that  it  is  thought  necessary  to  add  sugar 
to  the  must,  not  considering  that  the  must  before  fermentation  can  be  made  of 
any  strength  with  regard  to  the  sugar  contained  in  it,  by  boiling,  as  is  done  in 
some  parts  of  the  country  with  apple  and  pear  juice. 

The  best  of  all  the  varieties  of  this  species  is  the  white  fruited,  which  does 
not  differ  in  its  leaf  from  that  first  described  ;  the  racemes  are,  however,  large, 
long  and  dense,  the  berries  white  or  green  with  a  slight  coppery  tinge  on  the 
side  exposed  to  the  sun.  It  is,  perhaps,  the  best  grape  indigenous  to  America 
which  has  been  found  in  the  Northern  States.  It  is  very  sweet,  and  has  but 
little  of  the  peculiar  flavor  which  almost  all  the  others  have,  and  is  entirely  free 
from  all  acridity. 

2.  V.  tenuifolia.  Foliis  tenuibus,  lato-cordatis  simplicibus,  trilobis  aut 
quinquelobis  acuminatis  irregulariter  dentatis,  glabris  interdum  subtus  arach- 
noideo-villosis,  nervis  rufo-pubescentibus.  Racemis  parvis, baccis  magnis,  rotun- 
dis,  viridibus  paulo  glaucescentibus,  ingratis  acidis. 

Hah. — In  New  Jersey,  formerly  very  common  in  the  vicinity  of  Trenton,  but 
now  not  to  be  found. 

Stem  tolerably  large  and  tall ;  leaves  thin,  widely  cordate,  simple  or  three  or 
five  lobed:  acuminate,  irregularly  dentate,  smooth,  sometimes  arachnoideo- 
villous  beneath  ;  the  nerves  and  veins  always  furnished  with  a  rufous  pubescence. 
Racemes  small,  berries  large,  *8  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  green,  a  little  glaucous, 
disagreeably  acid. 

3.  V.  jestivalis.  Foliis  lato-cordatis  sublobato-angulatis,  tri  vel  quinquelobis, 
acuminatis  irregulariter  serratis  aut  dentatis,  dentibus  mucronatis,  supra  glabris 
aut  paulo  arachnoideis,  subtus  arachnoideo-villosis  plus  minus  fuscis,  interdum 
subglabris,  junioribus  densius  villosis.  Racemis  parvis,  baccis  parvulis  nigris 
acidis. 

Hub. — In  Carolina  and  Georgia.  V.  aestivalis,  Michaux  and  Rafinesque.  V. 
labrusca,  Walter  and  Elliot.  Vulg.  Fox  grape. 

Stem  large  and  lofty;  leaves  widely  cordate,  sublobately  angled,  sometimes 
distinctly  and  deeply  three  and  five  lobed;  acuminate  irregularly  dentate  or  ser¬ 
rate,  with  the  teeth  mucronate,  above  smooth  or  a  little  arachnoidal,  especially 
in  the  younger  state,  beneath  more  or  less  fuscous,  arachnoideo-villous,  some¬ 
times  subglabrous,  the  youngest  one  more  densely  villous.  Racemes  rather  small; 
berries  rather  small,  *4  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  black,  generally  very  acid. 

These  three  species  have  a  general  resemblance  to  each  other,  but,  as  appears 
from  the  descriptions,  are  sufficiently  distinct. 

4.  V.  bracteata.  Foliis  cordatis,  acuminatis,  quinquelobis,  sinubis  latis 
profundis,  irregulariter  dentatis  dentibus  acutis  muticis,  supra  glabris,  subtus 
nervis  rufo-pubescentibus.  Florum  fasciculis  bracteatis.  Racemis  longis  com- 
positis  laxis,  baccis  parvis  nigris. 


42 


272  [February, 

Hab. — In  Carolina  and  Georgia  in  swamps.  V.  bracteata,  Raf.  V.  aestivalis, 
Elliot.  Vulg.  Duck  shot  or  Swamp  grape. 

StenTvery  large,  climbing  to  the  tops  of  the  loftiest  trees  ;  leaves  broad-cor¬ 
date,  acuminate,  five-lobed,  sinuses  wide  and  deep,  the  lobes  irregularly  dentate  ; 
the  teeth  without  any  mucronate  point,  above  smooth,  beneath  with  the  nerves 
rufo-pubescent.  Fascicles  of  the  flowers  with  a  short  leaf  or  bract  at  the  base 
of  each;  racemes  long,  loose,  and  compound;  berries  very  small,  *15  of  an  inch 
in  diameter,  very  acid. 

5.  V.  vulpina.  Foliis  glabris,  cordatis  acuminatis,  simplicibus,  trilobis  aut 
interdum  profunde  quinquelobis,  dentatis,  dentibus  subabrupte-acuminatis,  sub- 
tus  plus  minus  sparse  villosiusculis  aut  etiam  glabris.  Racemis  densis  baccis 
parvis. 

Hab.  —  In  the  Northern  and  Middle  States.  V.  vulpina,  Willd.  V.  aestivalis, 
Emerson’s  Report  on  the  Trees,  &c.,  of  Massachusetts.  V.  cordifolia  of  many 
authors,  but  not  of  Michaux.  V.  callosa,  hyemalis,  cordifolia,  Raf.  Vulg.  Winter 
grape. 

Stem  moderately  large,  very  branching,  the  younger  shoots  for  the  most  part 
purplish.  Leaves  always  smooth  above,  and  generally  so  on  both  sides;  be¬ 
neath  sometimes,  particularly  in  the  younger  ones,  a  little  villous  ;  cordate 
acuminate  dentate,  the  teeth  abruptly  acuminate,  always  more  or  less  tri-lobate, 
sometimes  profoundly  so,  and  often  five-lobed.  Racemes  tolerably  large,  very 
dense,  so  as  even  to  change  the  form  of  the  berries  ;  berries  *35  of  an  inch  in 
diameter,  black,  acid. 

The  name  of  cordifolia  is  occasionally  given  improperly  to  another  species, 
the  V.  rotundifolia  Mx.  Willdenow’s  description  is  not  very  full,  but  suffi¬ 
ciently  so  to  remove  all  doubt  of  his  meaning  this  species  ;  there  is  no  other 
so  well  deserving  the  name  of  Vulpina,  as  the  grapes  have  a  strong  smell  much 
resembling  that  of  a  fox. 

The  older  leaves  are  without  any  villosity  beneath  except  on  the  nerves, 
which  with  the  veins  are  very  prominent.  They  frequently  become  glaucous 
beneath. 

6.  V.  araneosus.  Foliis  lato-cordatis,  sublobato-angulatis,  integris,  trilobis  aut 
quinquelobis,  lobis  acuminatis,  dentatis,  dentibus  submucronatis,  supra  glabris, 
subtus  arachnoideo-villosis,  villositate  plus  minus  ferruginea.  Racemis  subden- 
sis,  baccis  majoribus  nigris. 

Hab. — In  the  upper  parts  of  Georgia.  Vulg.  Fox  grape. 

Stem  moderately  large  and  high.  Leaves  broad,  cordate,  sublobately  angled, 
entire  and  three  or  five  lobed,  acuminate  dentate  ;  the  teeth  submucronate,  above 
glabrous,  beneath  arachnoideo-villous,  more  or  less  ferruginous  ;  in  the  older 
leaves  this  villosity  forms  into  small  tufts  or  knots,  and  in  the  very  oldest 
almost  entirely  vanishes,  although  in  the  youngest  it  is  very  thick  and  close. 
Racemes  dense  ;  berries  of  a  middling  size,  *5  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  black,  often 
very  sweet  and  agreeable.  The  leaves  are  sometimes  8  inches  long  and  as 
many  wide. 

This  species  is  well  worth  cultivating. 

7.  V.  bico'Lor.  Foliis  lato-cordatis  sublobato-angulatis  acuminatis  subintegris 
et  tri  aut  quinquelobis  irregulariter  dentatis,  dentibus  acuminatis  aut  mucronatis 
supra  glabris  subtus  paliidioribus,  in  junioribus  sparse  arachnoideo-villosis. 
Racemis  laxis,  baccis  parvis  nigris. 

Hab.— From  Pennsylvania  to  Virginia.  V.  aestivalis  Darlington,  Florula 
Cestrica. 

Stem  moderately  large  and  high.  Leaves  broad-cordate,  sublobately  angled 
acuminate,  subentire,  and  three  or  five-lobed,  irregularly  dentate  ;  the  teeth 
acuminate  or  mucronate,  above  smooth  ;  beneath  paler  in  the  younger  leaves, 
sparsely  arachnoideo-villous,  the  villosity  entirely  vanishing  with  age.  Ra¬ 
cemes  long,  loose  and  compound  ;  berries  small,  black,  *3  of  an  inch  in  diameter, 
sweet  and  agreeable. 


1853.] 


273 


8.  V.  pullaria.  Foliis  glabris,  ovatis  cordatis  acuminatis,  ut  plurimum 
versus  apicem  obscure  aut  profunde  trilobatis  rarius  quinque  lobatis  saepe  inte- 
gris,  inaequaliter  gross  dentatis,  dentibus  acuminatis.  Racemis  longis  ramosis 
laxis. 

Hab. — In  Virginia  and  Maryland.  Vulg.  Chicken  grape. 

Stem  moderately  large  and  tall.  Leaves  thin,  smooth  on  both  sides,  polished, 
ovate  cordate  abruptly  acuminate,  beyond  the  middle  more  or  less  tri-lobed, 
sometimes  five-lobed,  often  entire,  unequally  dentate  ;  teeth  large,  acuminate  ; 
petioles  and  nerves  beneath  conspicuouslypubescent.  Racemes  long,  compound 
and  loose;  berries  small,  *3  of  an  inch  in  diameter. 

9.  V.  rip  aria.  Foliis  glabris  ovatis  cordatis  acuminatis  ante  medium  plus 
minus  trilobis,  saepe  integrls  dentatis,  dentibus  latis  depressis,  brevi-mucronatis. 
Racemis  laxis  baccis  parvis. 

Hab. — In  Georgia  and  Mississippi  on  the  banks  of  rivers  in  overflowed  places. 
V.  riparia  Mx.  V.  dimidiata  Rafinesque. 

Stem  large  and  tall.  Leaves  thin,  smooth  on  both  sides,  polished  ovate,  cor¬ 
date,  acuminate,  more  or  less  tri-lobed  beyond  the  middle,  often  entire,  sub- 
crenato-dentate  ;  teeth  broad,  flat,  with  a  short  point ;  the  youngest  leaves  with 
a  slight  arachnoid  pubescence  beneath,  petioles,  nerves  and  margin  pubescent. 
The  leaves  are  sometimes  five-lobed,  the  upper  lobes  with  deep  spathuliform 
sinuses,  the  margin  but  little  dentate.  Racemes  loose;  berries  small,  *3  of  an 
inch  in  diameter,  black  and  acid. 

This  species,  confounded  by  most  authors  with  the  next  (if  it  has  ever  been 
seen  by  them,)  is  found  only  in  the  southernmost  States  on  the  margins  of 
rivers,  in  places  frequently  subject  to  inundation,  whence  its  name  among  the 
inhabitants  of  the  banks  of  the  Mississippi,  Vigne  de  batttires  ;  it  very  much  re¬ 
sembles  the  next,  but  is  easily  distinguished  by  its  thinner  leaves  and  the 
arachnoid  pubescence  on  the  under  side  of  them  in  their  younger  state. 

10.  V.  odorat issima.  Foliis  glabris  ovatis  cordatis  acuminatis  inaequaliter 
crenato-dentatis  dentibus'mucronatis,ut  plurimum  versus  apicem  obscure  trilobis. 
Racemis  laxis,  baccis  parvis. 

Hab.  In  the  Northern  States,  in  dry  situations,  generally  on  the  sides  of  rocky 
hills.  V.  odoratissima  Donn.  V.  riparia  Pursh,  Torrey  and  Gray,  &c.  V. 
serotina  Bartram,  1.  c.  seems  to  be  V.  cordifolia  of  Emerson,  &c.  V.  montana, 
concolor,  columbina,  populifoka,  odoratissima  and  amara  Rafinesque. 

Stem  large  and  high.  Leaves  smooth  on  both  sides,  broad-ovate,  cordate, 
acuminate,  unequally  crenato-dentate,  teeth  mucronate ;  generally  obscurely  trilo¬ 
bate  beyond  the  middle,  nerves  beneath  very  prominent,  margin,  nerves  beneath 
and  petioles  pubescent ;  a  small  pubescent  tuft  on  the  axillae  of  the  nerves  of.  the 
under  side  of  the  leaves.  Racemes  long  and  loose,  berries  small,  *2  of  an  inch 
in  diameter,  black,  very  acid  and  austere,  ripening  in  November. 

This  species  is  much  cultivated  in  gardens  on  account  of  its  fragrant  flowers, 
the  perfume  of  which  is  exactly  that  of  Reseda  odorata.  It  very  rarely  pro¬ 
duces  fruit.  I  have  found  fertile  individuals  only  on  the  rocky  hills  north  of 
Hoboken,  New  Jersey.  I  have  been  informed  that  the  Indians  formerly  used 
the  juice  of  this  grape  for  dyeing  blue. 

11.  V.  rotundifolia.  Foliis  glabris  nitidis  rotundo-cordatis,  acuminatis 
nunquam  lobatis  grosse  dentatis,  dentibus  acutis  subaequalibus,  racemis  parvis 
baccis  magnis  nigris,  rubescentibus  vel  albis. 

Hab.  From  Virginia  to  Florida.  V.  rotundifolia  Mx.  V.  vulpina  Walter. 
V.  acerifolia,  vulpina,  angulata,  and  veruccosa  Rafinesque.  Yulgo,  Bullaee 
grape,  from  its  resemblance  to  the  bullaee  or  wild  plum  of  Europe,  corrupted  into 
Bull  grape.  In  Virginia  and  North  Carolina,  it  is  called  Muscadine  and 
Scuppernon  grape. 

Stem  moderately  large,  unlike  every  other  species  perfectly  smooth  even  in 
the  oldest  vines.  Leaves  thin,  smooth  on  both  sides,  polished,  shining,  most  so 
beneath,  round  cordate,  never  lobed,  acuminate  dentate  ;  teeth  large,  subequal, 
acute,  axillae  of  the  nerves  beneath  sometimes  furnished  with  a  small  tuft  of 


274  [February, 

pubescence.  Racemes  small,  simple  ;  berries  large,  *2  of  an  inch  in  diameter, 
round,  black,  reddish  or  white. 

This  vine  most  frequently  produces  fruit  of  a  delicious  flavor  and  very  sweet. 
In  North  Carolina  much  wine  is  made  from  the  grapes,  but  generally  it  is  spoilt  by 
mixing  it  with  peach  brandy  or  whiskey  to  increase  its  strength.  Among  the 
ignorant  it  is  commonly  thought  that  no  fermented  juice  of  fruit  can  be  kept  for 
any  length  of  time,  unless  it  is  adulterated  with  alcoholic  spirit. 

In  the  pine  forests  of  Georgia  the  V.  rotundifolia  is  found  prostrate,  with  stems 
scarcely  three  feet  long. 

12.  Y.  pai.mata.  Foliis  ovato-cordatis  utrinque  glabris,  profunde  quinque 
lobatis  palmatis,  laciniis  sublanceolatis,  inaequaliter  lateque  crenatis  vel  incisis. 
Racemis  subdensis  subsimplicibus  baccis  magnis  albis  gena  cupraea. 

Hah.  In  North  Carolina  and  on  the  banks  of  the  Ohio.  Y.  palmata  Vahl. 
V.  virginiana  Poiret. 

This  grape,  which  is  the  true  Bland’s  grape  of  former  years,  was  once  (30 
years  ago,)  extensively  cultivated  in  the  gardens  of  this  city,  but  has  since  been 
utterly  lost.  I  cannot  now  find  a  single  plant  of  it.  It  was  perfectly  hardy, 
bore  profusely  and  ripened  before  the  frosts. 

The  above  description  is  made  from  memory  assisted  by  Vahl’s  and  Poiret’s 
descriptions.  I  have  seen  it  growing  wild  in  the  mountains  of  North  Carolina 
and  have  been  informed  that  it  was  once  common  on  the  banks  of  the  Ohio 
river.  There  is  certainly  no  grape  found  in  America  that  can  be  compared 
with  it ;  in  every  respect  it  is  equal  to  any  variety  of  the  V.  vinifera,  being 
very  sweet  and  peffectly  free  from  pulp,  and  without  that  peculiar  flavor  which 
is  more  or  less  common  to  all  other  American  species. 

The  V.  cordifolia  Mx.  I  have  never  met  with,  at  least  a  species  correspond¬ 
ing  with  his  description  has  never  fallen  in  my  way  either  in  the  North  or  South. 
It  is  said  to  extend  from  Pennsylvania  to  Florida.  There  is  another  small  and 
sweet  grape  called  the  Orwigsburg  which  I  have  omitted,  although  said  to  be 
native  ;  I  could  never  satisfy  myself  that  it  was  so.  It  has  much  the  appearance 
of  foreign  varieties. 

Of  the  foregoing  species,  those  most  worthy  of  cultivation  are  of  No.  1,  the 
white  variety,  and  the  Isabella  or  Catawba,  which  would  probably  flourish  in  the 
coldest  parts  of  Europe;  No.  6  and  No.  11  and  No.  12,  all  of  which  are  sweet  and 
agreeable  and  furnish  good  wine. 


The  Committee  on  Dr.  Le  Conte's  “Synopsis  of  the  N.  Ameri¬ 
can  Siphales,"  and  “  Synopsis  of  the  Scaphidilia  of  the  United  States," 
reported  in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings. 

Synopsis  of  the  Silthales  of  America ,  North  of  Mexico. 

By  John  L.  Le  Conte,  M.  D. 

In  the  following  synopsis,  I  have  included  also  the  Coleoptera  which  form 
Erichson’s  family  Anisotomini,  as  the  characters  of  that  group  appear  to  be  by 
no  means  sufficient  to  entitle  it  to  rank  as  a  distinct  family.  Schiodte  has  al¬ 
ready*  made  similar  remarks,  detailing  at  the  same  time,  strong  reasons  in  sup¬ 
port  of  his  opinion. 

The  genus  Silpha  presents  among  its  species  peculiarities  w'hich  would  furnish 
abundant  material  for  reflection  to  the  philosophic  naturalist;  the  species  found 
in  this  country,  differ  among  themselves,  by  such  variations  of  structure  that 
each  becomes  the  type  of  a  separate  group.  Several  authors  have  already 
designated  many  of  these  groups  by  generic  names,  yet  the  differences  between 
them  appear  in  value  so  much  less  than  those  which  distinguish  the  genera, 

*  Specimen  Faunae  Subterraneae :  translated  in  the  Transactions  of  the  Ento¬ 
mological  Society  of  London,  New  Series,  vol.  1,  p.  134,  et  seq. 


275 


1853.] 

which  have  an  appearance  of  being  truly  natural,  that  I  hav^  nftt  considered  it 
prudent  to  adopt  their  views.  . 

Among  some  of  these  groups,  (e.  g.  S.  lapponica,  S.  americanaand  S.  ramosa,) 
appear  several  forms,  which  are  undeniably  distinct  in  their  origin  and  distribu¬ 
tion  and  yet  do  not  present  characters  sufficiently  definite  for  their  perfect 
separation.  Many  genera  among  more  highly  organized  animals  presenting 
this  same  peculiar  specific  relation  will  occur  to  the  mind  of  every  naturalist, 
but  this  is,  I  believe,  the  first  example  distinctly  noticed  among  Articulata ; 
nor  can  1  find  in  scientific  memoirs  any  allusion  to  a  doctrine,  which  flows  very 
naturally  from  such  observations,  viz  :  There  are  in  nature  genera  so  constituted 
that  their  division  can  naturally  be  made  only  so  as  to  exhibit  assemblages  of 
individuals,  which  are  multiple  and  distinct  in  their  origin,  but  which  are  so 
closely  related  that  any  attempt  to  define  and  isolate  them  must  result  in  con¬ 
fusion.  The  interpretation  of  so  called  geographical  varieties,  is  obviously  a 
portion  of  this  doctrine  ;  but  for  the  present,  I  must  merely  content  myself  with 
this  brief  notice  of  a  view,  which,  whether  it  be  eventually  proved  correct  or 
erroneous,  might  ere  this  have  exerted  a  beneficial  influence  upon  certain  por¬ 
tions  of  Natural  History,  where  the  zeal  for  creating  irrecognisable  species  has 
been  pushed  to  a  prodigious  extent. 

Div.  1.  Silphales  genuini. 

Trochanteres  postici  filler  antes  ;  coxce  posticce  approximates.* 
Necrophorus  Fabr. 

A.  Thorace  convexo,  tenuiter  marginato,  antice  non  impresso. 

1.  N.  mediatus,  niger,  thorace  obovato,  antice  dense  punctulato,  lateribus 
et  basi  punctato,  elytris  macula  humerali,  altera  transversa  ante  medium, 
tertiaque  lunata  versus  apicem  rubris  ;  antennarum  clava  ferruginea ;  pectore 
abdominisque  basi  ad  latera  auropilosis.  Long.  *87 — *95. 

Fabricius,  Syst.  El.  1,  334  :  Latreille,  Gen.  Ins.  2,  5. 

Southern  States,  Missouri  Territory  and  Texas.  This  very  distinct  species 
differs  from  all  the  succeeding  ones  by  the  epipleurae  being  narrower,  less  in- 
flexed,  and  less  distinctly  margined  above.  The  posterior  tibiae  are  very  much 
dilated  at  their  extremity.  In  the  male,  the  anterior  tarsi  are  only  moderately 
dilated,  and  the  yellow  hair  at  the  base  of  the  abdomen  is  more  abundant.  In 
both  sexes  the  rhinarium  is  triangular. 

Among  the  specimens  from  Nebraska  are  varieties  in  which  the  anterior 
transverse  spot  is  divided ;  in  some  the  outer  part  of  this  divided  spot  is  effaced  j 
in  such  individuals  the  posterior  lunate  spot  is  much  reduced  in  size. 

B.  Thorace  antice  transversim  impresso,  margine  laterali  anguste  depress©. 

2.  N.  m  a  r  g  i  n  a  t  u  s,  niger,  thorace  obovato,  marginibus  parce  punetulatis, 
lateribus  vix  sinuatis,  elytris  lateribus,  fascia  communi  ante  medium,  alteraque 
utrinque  subapicali  rubris  ;  antennarum  clava  ferruginea ;  pectore  aurapiloso. 
Long.  -57 — 88. 

Fabricius,  Syst.  El.  1,  334. 

New  York,  Georgia,  Texas,  Nebraska  and  California.  The  rhinarium  is  red 
and  triangular  ;  the  posterior  fascia  does  not  entirely  reach  the  suture,  and  its 
outer  portion  is  contiguous  to  the  apical  margin.  The  anterior  band  is  some¬ 
times  interrupted  towards  the  side,  and  sometimes  one  of  its  posterior  dentations 
is  prolonged  so  as  to  reach  the  inner  part  of  the  posterior  band.  The  anus  and 
margins  of  the  abdominal  segments  are  ciliate  with  black  hairs.  The  anterior 
tarsi  of  the  male  are  moderately  dilated. 

3.  N.  Melsheimeri,  niger,  thorace  obovato,  lateribus  subsinuatis  marginibus 
punctatis,  epipleuris  elytrorumque  faciis  utrinque  duabus  dentatis  rubris  ;  anten¬ 
narum  clava  ferruginea,  basi  nigra,  pectore  anoque  flavo-pilosis.  Long.  *92. 

*  This  last  is  a  character  found  in  the  whole  group ;  it  is  merely  added  here 
for  the  convenience  of  those  who  may  desire  to  consider  Scydmaenidse  as  a 
division  of  this,  and  not  a  distinct  family. 


276 


[February, 


?  Kirby,  Fauna  Bor.  Am.  97. 

One  female  from  Nebraska  and  another  from  Utah.  Very  similar  in  appear¬ 
ance  to  the  preceding,  but  the  anterior  band  does  not  reach  the  suture,  and  the 
posterior  band  is  less  close  to  the  apex;  the  rhinarium  in  both  specimens  is 
black  and  triangular. 

Kirby  describes  his  species  as  having  a  red  trapezoidal  rhinarium,  but  as  I 
find  great  differences  in  this  respect  between  individuals  of  other  species,  I  am 
not  inclined  to  consider  this  character  as  of  any  importance.  Kirby's  descrip¬ 
tions  are  moreover  very  faulty  and  difficult  to  use,  as  he  has  laid  undue  stress 
on  variable  or  on  universal  characters,  while  the  differences  in  form  of  the 
thorax  and  the  extent  of  its  depressed  portion  are  hardly  mentioned. 

The  description  ofN.  obscurus  Kirby  (1.  c.  97,)  also  applies  to  this 
species,  except  that  the  epipleurae  are  not  “  narrower  than  usual  that  char¬ 
acter  would  assimilate  it  with  my  division  (A),  but  from  the  want  of  a  descrip¬ 
tion  of  the  thorax,  it  is  impossible  to  place  it  accurately. 

4.  N.  gut  tula,  niger,  thorace  obovato,  punctulato,  lateribus  sinuato,  dorso 
subtiliter  canaliculato,  elytris  gutta  humerali  rufa ;  antennarum  clava  obscure 
ferruginea,  basi  nigra,  pectore  auripiloso,  abdomine  nigro-pubescente.  Long. 
•48 — 70. 

Motschulsky,  Bull.  Mosc.  1845,  part  1,  53. 

California,  abundant  at  San  Diego, rare  at  San  Francisco;  also  found  at  Sitka, 
according  to  Motschulsky,  whose  localities  are,  however,  by  no  means  accurate. 
The  transverse  impression  of  the  thorax  is  very  deep;  the  elytral  spot  is  entirely 
on  the  base  of  the  epipleurae,  and  is  sometimes  very  indistinct.  The  anterior 
tarsi  of  the  male  are  dilated,  and  the  rhinarium  is  black  and  trapezoidal ;  in  the 
female  the  rhinarium  is  much  smaller  and  triangular ;  the  anus  of  both  sexes  is 
ciliate  with  j'ellow  hairs. 

C.  Thorace  subcanaliculato,  antice  transversim  impresso,  margine  laterali 
iatius  depresso. 

a.  Thorace  glabro. 

5.  N.  a  m  e  r  i  c  a  n  u  s,  niger,  fronte,  thoracis  disco,  epipleuris  elytrorumque 
fasciis  utrinque  duabus  rubris,  antennarum  clava  ferruginea,  pectore  flavo- 
piloso.  Long.  1*00 — 1-35. 

Nicrophorus  americanus  Oliv.  Ins.  10,  6;  pi.  1,  3,  (1790)  ;  Enc.  Meth.  8,  154. 

Necrophorus  grandis  Fabr.  Ent.  Syst.  1,  247,  (1792,);  Syst.  El.  1,  334; 
Herbst,  Kafer,  5,  152,  tab.  50,  1. 

Middle  and  Southern  States,  abundant.  Fabricius  quotes  Olivier,  but  for  some 
unknown  reason  does  not  adopt  his  specific  name. 

The  rhinarium  in  this  species  is  red,  and  very  variable  in  form ;  sometimes  it 
is  small  and  triangular,  sometimes  very  large  and  trapezoidal.  This  difference 
at  first  appeared  to  be  sexual,  but  with  a  larger  series  of  specimens  I  found 
that  both  forms  were  to  be  found  among  the  males  ;  although  the  variation  is 
very  great,  yet  after  a  diligent  comparison,  nothing  was  found  to  indicate  spe¬ 
cific  difference. 

6.  N.  pustulatus,  niger,  thorace  subovali,  subtrans verso,  marginibus 
punctatis,  elytris  distinctus  punctatis,  gutta  laterali  ad  medium,  alterisque 
utrinque  duabus  versus  apicem  saturate  rubris  ;  antennarum  clava  ferruginea, 
basi  picea,  pectore  flavo-piloso,  abdomine  griseo-pubescente.  Long.  *62 — 85. 

Herschel,  Illiger’s  Magazin,  6,  271,  (note.) 

N.  bicolon  Newman,  Ent.  Mag.  5,  385. 

Middle,  Southern  and  Western  States,  not  common.  The  rhinarium  is  red, 
triangular  and  moderately  large  ;  the  anterior  tarsi  of  the  male  are  strongly 
dilated.  I  have  one  specimen  in  which  the  lateral  elytral  spot  is  hardly  distinct, 
and  the  two  apical  spots  entirely  wanting. 

7.  N.  n  i  g  r  i  t  a,  niger,  thorace  ovali,  lateribus  subsinuatis,  marginibus  punc¬ 
tatis,  elytris  subtilius  punctatis,  punctis  maioribus  3-seriatis  impressis ;  anten¬ 
narum  clava  ferruginea  basi  nigra,  pectore  nigro-piloso.  Long.  *75. 

Mannerheirn,  Bull.  Mosc.,  1843,  p.  251. 


277 


1853.] 

California,  at  San  Francisco  and  San  Diego;  only  two  males  secured.  The 
impressions  of  the  thorax  are  very  deep,  the  transverse  undulated  line  is  not 
interrupted  at  the  middle  ;  the  rhinarium  is  red  and  trapezoidal ;  the  anterior 
tarsi  are  strongly  dilated. 

8.  N.  py  gmaeus,  niger,  thorace  ovali,  lateribus  vix  sinuatis,  parce  punctu- 
lato,  marginibus  punctatis,  elytris  distinctius  punctatis,  fascia  utrinque  dentata 
in  epipleuras  extensa,  maculaque  postica  dentata  rubris,  pectore  anoque  flavo- 
villosis  antennarum  clava  nigra.  Long  *4 — 6. 

Kirby,  Fauna  Bor.  Am.  98,  tab.  2,  fig.  3. 

New  York*»nd  Lake  Superior.  I  have  only  males  of  this  species  ;  of  three 
from  Lake  Superior,  the  smallest  has  the  rhinarium  large,  trapezoidal  and 
black  ;  in  the  other  two  no  rhinarium  is  visible.  The  impressions  of  the  thorax 
are  very  deep,  the  longitudinal  line  is  more  distinct  than  usual;  the  red  band  of 
the  elytra,  although  reaching  the  lower  margin  of  the  epipleura,  is  not  dilated 
there. 

The  specimen  from  New  York  differs  from  the  other  three  in  having  the 
elytra  more  finely  punctured,  and  the  red  bands  much  more  bright  colored;  the 
rhinarium  is  large  and  trapezoidal,  as  in  the  first  mentioned  specimen. 

I  formerly  considered  the  large  specimens  as  N.  hebes  Kirby,  (1.  c.  96,) 
which  by  description  seems  closely  allied,  but  is  placed  in  a  different  division 
of  the  genus,  with  the  “prothorax  dilated  anteriorly. ” 

9.  N.  1  u  n  atu  s,  niger,  thorace  subovali,  latitudine  vix  breviore,  marginibus 
punctatis,  elytris  subtilius  punctatis  punctisque  maioribus  3-seriafim  impressis, 
epipleuris,  fascia  utrinque  angusta  dentata,  maculaque  lunata  postica  rubris; 
antennarum  clava  ferruginea  basi  nigra,  pectore  flavo-piloso,  abdomine  nigro- 
ciliato,  ano  flavo-pubescente.  Long.  *75 — *79. 

New  York  and  Georgia.  This  species  is  named  in  Dejean’s  Catalogue,  but  I 
cannot  find  that  any  description  has  yet  been  published.  The  posterior  tibiae  are 
curved.  The  rhinarium  is  red  and  trapezoidal  in  two  specimens;  in  another  it 
is  scarcely  to  be  seen. 

10.  N.  o  rb  i  colli s,  niger  thorace  rotundato,  marginibus  punctatis,  elytris 
distinctius  punctatis,  parcius  pilosis,  utrinque  fascia  dentata  maculaque  postica 
lunata  rubris,  antennarum  clava  ferruginea  basi  nigra,  pectore  flavo-villoso,  ab¬ 
domine  nigro  ciliato,  ano  griseo-pubescente.  Long.  *73 — *90. 

Say,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  5,  177. 

-ZV.  Hallii  Kirby,  Fauna  Bor.  Am.  98. 

Middle  and  Southern  States,  abundant.  The  rhinarium  is  short,  triangular  and 
reddish;  the  punctures  of  the  elytra  are  furnished  with  tolerably  long  erect 
yellowish  hairs  ;  the  tibiae  are  nearly  straight ;  the  posterior  ones  of  the  male 
are  gradually  broadly  dilated  towards  the  tip. 

One  male  from  the  Sault  de  Sainte  Marie,  Michigan,  differs  in  having  glabrous 
elytra,  and  much  more  dilated  posterior  tibiae  ;  the  rhinarium  in  it  is  piceous, 
broad  and  trapezoidal.  The  hairs  of  the  elytra  may  have  been  removed  by 
accident,  and  the  other  characters  seem  scarcely  sufficient  for  the  definition  of  a 
new  species. 

b.  Thorace  villoso. 

12.  N.  v  e  1  u  t  i  n  u  s,  niger,  thorace,  pectore,  epipleurisque  basi  flavo-villosis, 
illo  ovali  subtransverso,  lateribus  sinuatis,  elytris  distinctius  punctatis,  fasciis 
utrinque  duabus,  dentatis  rubris,  epipleuris  flavis.  Long.  *53 — 85. 

Fabricius,  Syst.  El.  2,234,  (1801);  Kirby,  Fauna  Bor.  Am.  96. 

iV.  tomentosus  Weber,  Observ.  47,  (1801.) 

Common  throughout  the  Atlantic  States  and  Missouri  Territory.  The  anterior 
tarsi  of  the  males  are  strongly  dilated  ;  the  rhinarinm  is  red,  sometimes  large 
and  trapezoidal,  sometimes  small  and  triangular;  the  latter  form  occurs  in  both 
sexes;  the  former  1  have  observed  only  in  males.  The  club  of  the  antennae 
is  black. 

As  the  two  names  applied  to  this  species  appear  to  be  equal  in  date,  I  have 
followed  other  authors  in  adopting  that  of  Fabricius,  as  his  work  is  of  a  more 
systematic  nature,  and  much  more  easily  accessible. 


278 


[February, 


The  following  species  are  unknown  to  me  : 

N.  obscurus  Kirby,  Fauna  Bor.  Am.  97. 

N.  he  bes  Kirby,  Fauna  Bor.  Am.  96.  Nova  Scotia. 

N.  maritimus  Man.  Bull.  Mosc.  1843,  251;  Chevrolat,  Guerin’s  Icon. 
Regne  An.  60,  pi.  17,  fig.  8  ;  Sitka. 

N.  auripilosus[  Esch.  (teste  Motschulsky,  ibid.  1815,  part  i.  p.  52.) 

N.  defodiens  Man.  Bull.  Mosc.  1846,  13  ;  Sitka  and  Unalaschka. 

In  Illiger’s  Magazin  (6,  271  note,)  Herschel  mentions  N.  carolinus  Linn., 
but  after  a  very  careful  search,  I  cannot  find  any  such  specie*-  in  Linnaeus’ 
wrorks,  nor  is  it  mentioned  by  any  other  author. 

Silpha  Linn. 

The  following  arrangement  of  the  species  is  the  most  natural  that  I  have  been 
able  to  form ;  it  must  be  remembered  at  the  same  time,  that  the  intermediate 
coxae  in  all  our  species  are  moderately  distant  : 

A.  Antennae  articulis  tribus  ultimis  longioribus. 

a.  Antennae  laxe  articulatae  ;  oculi  prominuli. 

1.  S.  surinamensis  Fabr.  Ent.  Syst.  1,  248;  Syst.  El.  1,  336 ;  Linn. 
Syst.  Nat.  (ed.  Gm.)  4,  1620:  ibid.  (ed.  Turton,)  2,  99;  Olivier,  11,  tab.  2,  fig. 
11 ;  Herbst,  Kafer,  5, 173. 

Necrodes  szirinamensis  Latr.  Gen.  Crust,  et  Ins.  1,  498. 

Common  in  the  Middle,  Southern  and  Western  States.  Varies  in  having  a 
small  lateral  spot  at  the  middle  of  the  elytra,  and  sometimes  a  small  discoidal 
one  between  the  2d  and  3d  costa.  The  posterior  thighs  of  the  male  are  very 
much  incrassated,  and  armed  beneath  with  a  sharp  tooth ;  the  posterior  tibiae  are 
also  much  curved,  and  dilated  internally  towards  the  apex  into  an  obtuse  angle. 

I  have  excluded  the  synonym  of  Kirby,  (Fauna  Bor.  Am.  99,)  because  the 
males  of  his  Nova  Scotia  species  are  stated  to  have  the  posterior  thighs  very 
slightly  enlarged.  This  needs  confirmation  by  a  re-examination  of  the  original 
specimens  now  in  the  British  Museum. 

b.  Antennae  minus  laxe  articulatae. 

et.  Thorace  subinaequali  piloso ;  antennae  articulo  3io  longiore. 

2.  S.  lapponica  Herbst,  Kafer,  5,  209,  pi.  52,  fig.  4. 

S.  caudata  Say,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  3,  192. 

S.  tuberculata  Germar,  Ins.  Nov.  81. 

•8.  calif ornica  Mannerheim,  Bull.  Mosc.  1843,  253. 

Oiceoptoma  ( Thanatophilus )  lapponicum  Kirby,  Fauna  Bor.  Am.  100. 

Oiceoptoma  granigera  Chevrolat,  Col.  Mex.  fasc.  lma. 

Found  in  every  part  of  the  northern  portion  of  the  continent,  not  extending 
south  of  Albany  (New  York)  in  the  Atlantic  States,  but  in  the  central  region 
extending  into  New  Mexico,  and  even  into  Mexico  ;  found  also  in  Oregon  and  at 
San  Diego  in  Southern  California. 

I  have  only  referred  to  the  original  description  of  Herbst,  leaving  out  all  the 
rest  of  the  European  synonymy,  as  it  should  have  no  place  in  a  local  fauna. 

The  elytra  of  the  males  vary  slightly  in  form,  being  sometimes  truncate,  and 
sometimes  slightly  sinuate ;  those  of  the  female  are  more  deeply  sinuate  at  the 
extremity,  and  are  more  or  less  prolonged  at  the  suture ;  the  anterior  tarsi  are 
slightly  dilated  in  the  males. 

The  differences  upon  which  are  founded  the  various  synonyms  above  quoted, 
are  entirely  individual :  they  are  all  found  intermixed  together  wherever  the 
species  occurs. 

0.  Thorace  glabro;  antennae  art.  2  et  3  subaequalibus. 

*  Thorace  aequali,  elytris  truncatis. 

3.  S.  truncata  Say,  Journ  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  3,  193. 

Forks  of  Nebraska  River. 

**  Thorace  inaequali,  elytris  integris. 

4.  S.  marginalis  Fabr.  Ent.  Syst.  Mantissa,  215;  Syst.  El.  1,  338; 


279 


1853.] 

Herbst,  Kafer,  5,  180;  Oliv.  Ins.  11,  tab.  1,  fig.  5;  Linn.  Syst.  Nat.  (ed.  Gmel.) 
4,  1621;  ibid.  (ed.  Turton)  2,  100. 

S.  noveboracensis  Forster,  Cent.  Ins.  17. 

Oiceoptoma  ( Thdndtophilus )  marginatum  Kirby,  Fauna  Bor.  Am.  100. 
Southern  and  Middle  States;  according  to  Kirby  found  at  lat.  54°.  Kirby 
observes  that  in  this  case,  at  least,  it  would  be  very  inexpedient  to  restore  the 
older  name,  and  this  view  I  trust  every  entomologist  will  adopt. 

5.  S.  i  n  ae  q  u  a  1  i  s  Fabr.  Ent.  Syst.  1,  251 :  Syst.  El.  1,  340 ;  Olivier,  11,  tab. 
2,  fig.  20  ;  Herbst,  Kafer,  5,  185,  tab.  41,  fig.  2;  Linn.  Syst.  Nat.  (ed.  Gmel.) 
4,  1620;  ibid.  (ed.  Turton,)  2,  100. 

Oiceoptoma  ( Thanatophilus)  incequale  Kirby,  Fauna  Bor.  Am.  102. 

Common  through  all  the  Atlantic  district. 

B.  Antennae  articulo  ultimo  solo  longiore,  tribus  proecedentibus  aequalibus  ; 
articulo  2do  3io  longiore. 

a.  Antennae  breves,  crassiusculae. 

6.  S.  peltata  Lee. 

Scarabceus  pelt  at  us  Catesby,  Carol.  3,  tab.  10,  fig.  7,  (1731.) 

Silpha  Americana  Linn.  Syst.  Nat.  (ed.  12)  ;  2,  570;  (ed.  Gmel.)  4, 1619. 
(ed.  Turton)  2,  99  ;  Fabr.  Ent.  Syst.  1,249;  Syst.  El.  1,  337;  Olivier, 
11,  tab.  1,  fig.  9  ;  Herbst,  Kafer,  5,  176. 

Blatta  Americana  Catesby,  Linn,  et  auct.  al. 

Oiceoptoma  ( Necrophila )  Americanum  Kirby,  Fauna  Bjr.  Am.  102. 

O.  (iV.)  terminatum  Kirby,  ibid.  103. 

O.  (N.)  affine  Kirby,  ibid.  103. 

O.  (iV.)  Canadense  Kirby,  ibid.  104. 

Northern,  Middle  and  Southern  States;  the  differences  between  Kirby’s  species 
appear  to  be  partly  individual  and  partly  sexual ;  specimens  presenting  the  cha¬ 
racters  of  all  his  species  occur  together. 

There  is,  however,  a  particular  form  which  appears  to  be  confined  to  the 
Southern  States,  which  perhaps  is  sufficiently  distinct  to  rank  as  a  species;  from 
the  proportions  of  Catesby’s  figure,  it  is  probably  his  typical  insect;  in  which 
case  the  name  Americana  may  be  retained  for  the  ordinary  form,  by  those  who 
wish  to  consider  them  as  distinct. 

The  variety  in  question  is  larger  and  much  broader  than  those  found  at  the 
North  ;  the  sides  of  the  thorax  are  less  rounded,  and  the  surface  more  densely 
and  coarsely  punctured.  The  suture  of  the  female  is  armed  with  a  more  distinct 
spine ;  the  horizontal  portion  of  the  epipleurae  is  broader  and  not  so  much 
deflexed. 

In  regard  to  the  change  of  name  proposed  above,  I  will  merely  observe  that 
Catesby  appears  to  have  been  the  first  describer  of  this  species,  and  that  his 
specific  name  has  fallen  into  disuse,  on  account  of  the  error  committed  by  Lin¬ 
naeus  in  quoting  Catesby’s  work;  as  this  error  has  remained  uncorrected  so  long, 
we  are  at  liberty  to  infer  that  subsequent  authors  have  merely  quoted  Linnaeus, 
without  verifying  his  assertion. 

Although  by  the  change  here  proposed,  a  well  known  name  is  sacrificed  to  one 
completely  unknown,  it  seems  to  me  that  there  could  be  no  good  reason  for  re¬ 
fusing  to  replace  the  earlier  name,  which  has  been  lost,  not  by  forgetfulness  nor 
by  ignorance,  but  simply  by  a  perpetuated  misquotation. 

b.  Antennae  elongatae,  tenues,  sensim  paulo  incrassatae. 

7.  S.  r  a  m  o  s  a  Say,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  3,  193. 

£.  cervaria  Mannerheim,  Bull.  Mosc.  1843,252. 

Wisconsin,  Minnesota,  Missouri  Territory,  New  Mexico,  Oregon  and  Cali¬ 
fornia.  In  this  widely  distributed  species,  I  have  been  able  to  distinguish  three 
forms,  which  though  differing  by  more  decided  characters  than  are  usually  to  be 
found  in  varieties,  can  scarcely  be  considered  in  the  light  of  ordinary  species. 

«.  The  color  is  dull  black;  the  thorax  is  very  much  narrowed  in  front,  and 
more  strongly  rounded  on  the  sides  than  in  the  others ;  the  margin  of  the  elytra 
is  broader  and  less  reflexed  ;  in  the  male,  the  elytra  are  broadly  rounded  poste- 

43 


280 


[February, 


riorly ;  in  the  female  they  are  prolonged  and  obliquely  narrowed,  so  that  the 
body  appears  somewhat  ovate.  Of  this  form  I  have  one  female,  from  Fort 
Snelling  (Minnesota)  and  another  from  Wisconsin  ;  one  male  from  Nebraska  and 
one  from  Oregon. 

(i.  Of  this  form  I  have  only  a  single  female  specimen  from  California;  the 
body  is  elliptical,  narrower  than  (at),  the  thorax  riot  so  short;  the  margin  of  the 
elytra  broad  and  strongly  reflexed,  the  apex  obliquely  narrowed  as  in  the  pre¬ 
ceding,  but  not  longer  than  the  abdomen  ;  the  slight  tubercle  on  each  elytron  be¬ 
hind  the  middle  is  more  apparent.  Color  greenish  black. 

y.  Color  greenish  black.  Form  regularly  elliptical,  narrower  than  the  males 
referred  to  (at) ;  thorax  not  so  short,  less  narrowed  in  front ;  elytra  broadly 
rounded  behind  in  both  sexes,  margin  narrower  than  in  the  others,  and  strongly 
reflexed.  Very  abundant  in  California. 

Besides  these,  I  have  two  specimens  which  cannot  be  classed  with  any  of  the 
above,  and  perhaps  indicate  other  forms,  which,  however,  cannot  at  present  be 
distinctly  separated. 

The  first  is  from  Nebraska.  It  is  a  dull  black  male,  having  the  thorax  less 
narrowed  in  front  than  (*),  and  the  margins  of  the  elytra  narrower,  as  in  (^), 
but  less  reflexed.  The  proportions  of  the  body  are  as  in  the  male  of  («). 

The  second  was  found  at  San  Diego,  with  ( y )  ;  it  is  a  greenish  black  female  of 
more  dilated  form,  having  the  proportions  of  the  male  of  («t),  and  having  the 
elytra  broadly  rounded,  as  in  ( y ),  the  margin,  however,  appears  less  strongly 
reflexed  than  in  that  form ;  the  tubercle  of  the  elytra  behind  the  middle,  is  more 
obvious  than  in  (at)  or  ( y ). 

These  forms  appear  to  be  subject  also  to  considerable  variation  in  the  sculp¬ 
ture  of  the  elytra;  the  punctures  between  the  branching  elevated  lines  are 
sometimes  very  distinct,  and  sometimes  almost  obsolete. 

The  following  is  unknown  to  me  : 

Oiceoptoma  ( Thanatophihcs )  trituberculatum  Kirby,  Fauna  Bor. 
Am.  101. 

Found  in  lat.  54°.  With  this  is  probably  identical  the  {  Silpha  opaca  Auct .’  of 
White,  in  Richardson’s  Arctic  Expedition  (p.474).  Whether  Kirby’s  insect  is 
in  reality  distinct  from  the  European  S.  opaca  Linn.,  or  is  related  to  it  as  the 
forms  of  S.  r  a  m  o  s  a  are  to  each  other,  must  be  left  for  future  investigation. 

Necrophilus  Latr. 

1.  N.  hydrophiloides  Man.  Bull.  Mosc.  1843,  253  ;  Chevrolat,  Guerin’s 
Icon.  Regne  An.  61,  pi.  17,  fig.  12. 

San  Francisco,  in  decomposing  human  excrements.  Nothing  in  Mannerheim’s 
description,  or  Chevrolat’s  figure  and  description,  indicates  any  difference  be¬ 
tween  Sitka  specimens  and  those  found  by  me,  although  a  direct  comparison 
ought  to  be  made  in  order  to  establish  their  identity. 

Motschulsky,  (Bull.  Mosc.  1845,  p.  363,)  states  that  what  is  considered  as  a 
black  variety  of  this  species,  is  distinct,  and  thereupon  names  it  N.  at  e  r;  with 
his  accustomed  haste,  he  leaves  the  distinctive  characters  to  be  determined  by 
any  individual  who  is  so  lucky  as  to  possess  such  rarities ;  as  few  have  had  access 
to  species  from  Russian  America,  an  expression  of  opinion  upon  this  matter 
might  be  dangerous  ;  for  those,  however,  who  would  prefer  adopting  the  belief 
that  there  is  but  one  species,  until  a  second  is  demonstrated,  I  may  mention 
that  the  species  found  by  me  varies  from  piceous  to  black,  and  that  there  is  no 
other  difference  between  differently  colored  individuals. 

Catops  Fabr. 

A.  Thorax  angulis  posticis  obtusis. 

1 .  C.opacus,  ater,  punctulatus,  subtiliter  pubescens,  thorace  semi-elliptico, 
basi  late  rotundato,  elytris  obsolete  striatis,  tibiis  calcaribus  magnis  armatis, 
Long.  *23. 

Say,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  5,  184. 

New  York  and  Ohio,  rare.  The  male  has  three  joints  of  the  anterior  tarsi 


1853.] 


281 


strongly  dilated ;  the  middle  tarsi  are  not  dilated.  The  sutural  stria  of  the 
elytra  is  deeper  than  the  others. 

2.  C.  simplex,  piceus,  fulvo-sericeus,  dense  punctulatus,  thorace  antrorsum 
subangustato,  lateribus  rotundatis-  basi  late  rotundato,  elytris  obsoletissime 
striatis,  stria  suturali  profundiore,  antennis  basi  testaceis ;  tibiis  calcaribus  me- 
diocribus  armatis.  Long.  -14. 

?  Say,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  5,  184. 

New  York.  I  am  not  positively  certain  that  this  is  Say's  species,  which  was 
found  in  Arkansas.  The  thorax  is  more  narrowed  in  front  than  described  by 
him;  although  the  legs  are  in  reality  black,  the  lustre  of  the  fulvous  hair  is 
such,  that  one  might  readily  be  tempted  to  describe  them  as  testaceous  at  base. 

The  anterior  tarsi  and  first  joint  of  the  middle  tarsi  of  the  male  are  moder¬ 
ately  dilated  ;  the  antennae  are  as  long  as  the  head  and  thorax,  moderately 
thickened,  the  7th  joint  is  a  little  larger  than  the  6th  and  equal  to  the  9th  ;  the 
8th  is  about  one  half  smaller. 

3.  C.  c  1  a  v  i  c  o  r  n  is,  oblongo-ovatus,  ater,  subtiliter  pubescens,  dense  punc¬ 
tulatus,  thorace  antrorsum  valde  angustato,  lateribus  rotundatis,  basi  late  rotun¬ 
dato,  elytris  versus  apicem  obsolete  striatis,  stria  suturali  profundae,  antennis 
thorace  brevioribus  magis  clavatis.  Long.  *11. 

One  female,  New  York.  This  species  is  readily  distinguished  from  the  pre¬ 
ceding  by  the  shorter,  more  clavate  antennae,  which  are  only  indistinctly  testa¬ 
ceous  at  bas£  the  7th  joint  is  about  twice  as  large  as  the  6th ;  the  8th  is 
smaller  than  the  6th,  and  appears  only  about  one  third  as  large  as  its  neighbors. 
The  spurs  of  the  tibiae  are  somewhat  smaller  than  in  the  preceding  species. 

B.  Thorax  angulis  posticis  rectis  vel  acutis. 

4.  C.  c  a  1  i  f  o  r  n  i  c  u  s,  oblongus,  subovalis,  piceus,  sericeus,  subtilissime 
punctulatus  et  transversim  strigosus,  antennarum  basi,  pedibus,  elytrisque  pal- 
lidoribus,  his  stria  suturali  profunda,  thorace  antrorsum  valde  angustato,  angu¬ 
lis  posticis  paulo  productis.  Long.  *12. 

Abundant  at  San  Jose  and  San  Diego,  California.  The  antennae  are  slightly 
clavate,  and  as  long  as  the  head  and  thorax.  The  thorax  is  strongly  narrowed 
in  front,  truncate  at  base,  and  slightly  sinuate  near  the  posterior  angles,  which 
are  subacute  ;  the  sides  are  broadly  rounded  ;  the  disc  is  sometimes  blackish, 
and  the  sides  dark  rufous.  The  punctures  of  the  upper  surface  in  this  species 
are  very  indistinct,  and  the  transverse  striae  very  fine  ;  the  pubescence  is  seri¬ 
ceous,  but  not  dense.  The  anterior  tarsi  of  the  male  are  strongly  dilated,  the 
intermediate  pair  simple,  the  posterior  pair  longer  than  the  tibiae. 

One  female  from  San  Diego  appears  more  elongated  than  the  others,  and 
much  more  narrowed  posteriorly ;  I  cannot,  however,  find  any  other  difference. 

5.  C.  strigosus,  oblongo-ovalis,  subelongatus,  piceo-rtifus,  sericeus,  dis- 
tinctius  strigosus,  thorace  latitudine  sesqui  breviore,  antrorsum  modice  angns- 
tato,  angulis  posticis  vix  productis,  elytris  stria  suturali  profunda,  antennis 
magis  incrassatis  piceis  basi  testaceis.  Long.  *11. 

One  female,  South  Carolina,  Dr.  Zimmerman.  This  species  resembles  the 
preceding,  but  the  thorax  is  less  narrowed  in  front,  and  less  rounded  on  the 
sides;  the  transverse  lines  on  the  thorax  and  elytra  are  more  distinct;  the 
punctures  are  very  indistinct ;  the  first  four  or  five  joints  of  the  antennae  are 
testaceous,  the  rest  are  piceous,  the  apex  is  indistinctly  paler. 

6.  C.  consobrinus,  oblongo-ovalis,  subelongatus,  ater,  subsericeus,  vix 
punctulatus,  subtiliter  transversim  strigosus,  antennis  basi  rufo-piceis,  elytris 
stria  suturali  profunda,  thorace  antrorsum  modice  angustato,  angulis  posticis 
leviter  productis.  Long.  *12. 

Georgia.  This  species  resembles  the  two  preceding,  but  is  a  little  more 
elongated,  and  more  oval ;  it  is  entirely  black,  excepting  the  base  of  the  an¬ 
tennae  and  the  tarsi,  which  are  rufo-piceous.  The  thorax  is  more  than  one  half 
wider  than  long,  moderately  narrowed  in  front,  broadly  truncate  at  apex,  very 
slightly  rounded  on  the  sides,  truncate  at  base  and  faintly  sinuate  at  the  pos- 


282  [February 

tenor  angles,  which  are  slightly  acute.  The  punctures  are  very  indistinct,  the 
transverse  scratches  are  as  fine  as  in  C.  californicus. 

7.  C.terminans,  oblongo-ovalis,  minus  convexus,  nigro-piceus,  subtiliter 
pubescens,  elytris  distinctius  rugose  punctulatis,  stria  suturali  profunda,  thorace 
breviore,  antrorsum  valde  angustato,  angulis  posticis  vix  productis ;  pedibus 
fuscis,  antennis  apice  flavis,  basi  testaceis.  Long.  *12. 

Le  Conte,  Agassiz’  Lake  Superior,  218. 

Very  abundant  at  the  mouth  of  the  Pic  River,  on  the  north  side  of  Lake 
Superior,  under  dried  animal  matter.  This  species  is  broader  and  less  convex 
than  the  preceding,  and  is  easily  known  by  the  more  distinct  punctuation,  and 
by  the  absence  of  the  transverse  lines.  The  thorax  is  densely  and  finely  punc- 
tulate,  it  is  about  twice  as  wide  as  its  length,  strongly  narrowed  in  front, 
rounded  on  the  sides,  especially  anteriorly,  slightly  emarginate  at  apex,  trun¬ 
cate  at  base,  and  very  slightly  sinuate  at  the  posterior  angles,  which  are  scarcely 
perceptibly  acute.  The  anterior  tarsi  of  the  male,  and  the  first  joint  of  the 
middle  tarsi,  are  dilated. 

By  a  misprint,  the  length  in  the  description  cited  from  Agassiz’  Lake  Supe¬ 
rior,  is  made  *15  instead  of  *12. 

8.  C.  oblitus,  subellipticus  minus  convexus,  rufo-fuscus,  pubescens, 
thorace  punctulato  antrorsum  subangustato,  basi  truncato,  angulis  posticis  fere 
obtusis,  elytris  transversim  minus  dense  strigosis,  stria  suturali  distincta,  an¬ 
tennis  flavis  art.  4 — 10  fuscis.  Long.  *07 — *08. 

Three  specimens,  Georgia.  Easily  distinguished  by  its  sub-elliptical  and  less 
convex  form.  I  cannot  discover  any  punctures  on  the  elytra ;  if  they  exist, 
they  are  concealed  by  the  dense  pubescence,  which  is,  however,  scarcely  seri¬ 
ceous.  The  male  has  three  joints  of  the  anterior  tarsi  dilated ;  the  middle 
tarsi  are  simple  in  both  sexes. 

9.  C.  para  situs,  breviter  ovatus,  piceo-rufus,  sericeus,  thorace  disco  ob- 
scuriore,  brevi,  antrorsum  valde  angustato,  angulis  posticis  non  productis, 
elytris  transversim  strigosis,  stria  suturali  profunda,  antennis  basi  apieeque 
flavis.  Long.  *08. 

New  York,  in  ants’ nests,  with  Hetaerius  brunnipennis,  March  and  April. 
This  species  is  much  broader  and  more  suddenly  narrowed  posteriorly  than  the 
others.  The  thorax  is  fully  twice  as  wide  as  its  length,  punctulate,  notstrigose, 
strongly  narrowed  in  front,  broadly  rounded  on  the  sides,  truncate  at  base,  with 
the  posterior  angles  simply  rectangular  and  not  produced.  The  elytra  are 
punctulate  and  distinctly  striate  transversely.  The  antennae  are  as  long  as  the 
head  and  thorax,  very  slightly  incrassated,  rufo-piceous,  -with  the  first  4  joints 
and  the  apical  one  yellowish ;  the  7th  joint  is  more  than  twice  the  size  of  the 
6th  ;  the  8th  joint  is  much  shorter,  but  scarcely  thinner  than  the  following  ones. 
The  anterior  tarsi  of  the  male  are  broadly  dilated ;  the  first  joint  of  the  middle 
tarsi  is  less  dilated  than  in  C.  terminans. 

The  following  species  are  unknown  to  me : 

C.  basillaris  Say,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  3,  194,  Missouri. 

C.  cadavcrinus  Man.  Bull.  Mosc.  1843,254.  Sitka. 

C  h  o  1  e  v  a  ( Catops )  Spenciana  Kirby,  Fauna  Bor.  Am.  108. 

Colon  Herbst. 

Mylcechus  Latr. 

1.  C.  den  tat  us,  fuseus,  oblongus,  fulvo-sericeus,  valde  punctulatus,  tho¬ 
race  latitudine  vix  breviore,  antrorsum  magis  angustato,  angulis  posticis  vix 
rotundatis,  elytris  stria  suturali  postice  profundiore,  antennarum  clava  magna 
picea,  pedibus  rufo-piceis,  femoribus  posticis  dente  acuto  armatis.  Long.  *09. 

This,  the  first  species  of  the  genus  found  on  this  continent,  was  discovered  by 
the  Rev.  D.  Ziegler,  at  York,  Pennsylvania.  The  characters  above  given  will 
at  once  distinguish  it  from  any  European  species.  The  thorax  is  scarcely  wider 
than  long,  strongly  narrowed  in  front,  broadly  rounded  on  the  sides,  truncate  at 


283 


1853.] 

base,  and  not  sinuate  at  the  posterior  angles,  which  are  rectangular  and  very 
slightly  rounded ;  the  punctures  are  dense,  very  distinct.  The  elytra  are  dis¬ 
tinctly  punctured  ;  the  sutural  stria  may  be  traced  to  the  base,  but  is  deeper 
behind  the  middle  ;  there  are  traces  of  other  striae  near  the  apex.  The  pos¬ 
terior  thighs  are  compressed,  and  at  the  middle  of  the  inferior  margin  are  armed 
with  a  small  sharp  tooth. 

Div.  2.  Anisotomini. 

Trochanteres  postici  simplices;  coxce  postice  approximate. 

This  division  is  considered  by  Erichson  as  a  distinct  family,  which  he  divides 
into  two  groups  :  Anisotomini,  with  strongly  spinous  tibiae,  and  Agathidiini,  With 
the  tibiae  slightly  spinous,  or  merely  pubescent.  This  arrangement  does  not  ap¬ 
pear  altogether  natural,  as  some  of  the  species  of  Liodes  have  the  spines  of  the 
tibiae  very  distinct,  while  others  have  the  same  organs  nearly  smooth.  Possibly 
a  more  natural  division  might  be  into  three  groups,  thus : 

A.  Clypeus  parvus  capite  connatus,  vel  vix  distinctus;  caput  subtus  non 
insculptum. 

B.  Clypeus  valde  distinctus  :  caput  subtus  non  insculptum. 

C.  Clypeus  nullus :  caput  subtus  sulcis  profundis  insculptum. 

The  first  group  corresponds  to  Erichson’s  Anisotomini :  the  second  contains 
Liodes,  and  probably  Amphicyllis  :  the  third  contains  Agathidium  only.  The 
first  division  is  said  by  Erichson  (Ins.  Deutschl.  44)  to  be  almost  peculiar  to 
Europe  :  it  will  be  seen,  however,  that  it  is  quite  respectably  represented  in  this 
country. 

Anisotoma  Illiger. 

1.  A.  alternata,  oblonga,  ferruginea,  nitida,  thorace  subtiliter  punctato, 
elytris  striis  punctatis,  interstitiis  subtilissime  punctulatis,  alternatim  pluri- 
punctatis.  Long.  *18. 

Leiodes  alternata  Mels.,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.,  2,  103. 

One  male  from  Alabama,  Haldeman  :  Dr.  Melsheimer’s  specimen  was  found  in 
Pennsylvania.  The  anterior  tibiae  are  gradually  and  slightly  dilated  :  the  pos¬ 
terior  tibiae  are  elongated,  curved  inwards,  and  slightly  thickened  at  the  tip. 

2.  A.  a  s  s  i  m  i  1  i  s  ,  ovalis  nigro-picea,  thorace  subtiliter  punctato,  lateribus 
rotundatis,  basi  late  rotundata  utrinque  punctis  maioribus  marginata,  elytris  sub- 
tiliter  punctato-striatis,  interstitiis  obsolete  punctulatis,  alternatim  pluripuncta- 
tis.  Long.  *16. 

Le  Conte,  Agassiz’  Lake  Superior,  221. 

One  male,  Eagle  Harbor,  Lake  Superior.  The  anterior  tibiae  are  slightly  di¬ 
lated,  the  posterior  ones  elongated  and  curved  inwards. 

3.  A.indistincta,  rotundata,  convexa,  piceo-rufa,  thorace  obsolete  punc- 
tulato  lateribus  minus  rotundatis,  basi  vix  sinuata,  utrinque  punctis  paucis  mar¬ 
ginata,  elytris  minus  subtiliter  punctato-striatis,  interstitiis  subtiliter  parce 
punctulatis,  alternatim  3  vel  4  punctatis.  Long.  *11. 

Le  Conte,  Agassiz’  Lake  Superior,  221. 

? Leiodes  puncto-striatus  Kirby,  Fauna  Bor.  Am.  110. 

One  specimen,  found  on  the  north  shore  of  Lake  Superior.  The  anterior  tibiae 
are  as  in  the  preceding,  the  posterior  ones  are  straight  and  not  longer  than  the 
others.  Kirby  says  that  the  interstices  of  the  elytra  are  smooth,  and  they  really 
appear  so,  except  under  a  powerful  lens :  a  new  examination  of  Kirby’s  type 
must,  however,  be  made  before  they  can  be  considered  as  identical. 

4.  A.  collar  is,  ovalis,  convexa,  rufo-testacea,  antennarum  clava,  capite 
thoraceque  piceis,  hoc  sat  dense  punctato,  lateribus  valde  rotundatis,  rufescenti- 
bus,  basi  truncata,  utrinque  punctis  magnis  marginata,  elytris  profundius  punc¬ 
tato-striatis,  interstitiis  subtilissime  parce  punctulatis,  alternatim  5  vel  6  punc¬ 
tatis.  Long.  *12. 

Le  Conte,  Agassiz’  Lake  Superior,  221. 

One  male,  Eagle  Harbor,  with  the  posterior  tibiae  slightly  curved. 


284  [February 

5.  A.  strigata,  rotundata,  convexa,  ferruginea,  thorace  lateribus  rotundato, 
basi  truncato,  vix  obsoletissime  punctulato,  elytris  seriatim  punctatis,  interstitiis 
parce  transversim  strigosis,  et  subtilissime  punctulatis.  Long.  *08. 

Le  Conte,  Agassiz’  Lake  Superior,  221. 

One  specimen  from  Eagle  Harbor.  This  species  is  remarkable  for  the  sculp¬ 
ture  of  the  elytra;  the  punctures  of  the  interstitial  spaces  are  almost  invisible,, 
and  are  usually  placed  in  the  transverse  scratches ;  the  sutural  stria  is  deeply  im¬ 
pressed  posteriorly.  By  its  sculpture  this  species  is  nearly  related  to  A. 
h  y  b  r  i  da  Er.,  (Ins.  Deutschl.  75)  but  that  is  an  elongated  species  with  a  dis¬ 
tinctly  punctured  thorax. 

6.  A.obsoleta,  rotundata,  convexa,  rufa,  thorace  lateribus  rotundatis,  basi 
truncata  vix  sinuata,  subtilissime  parce  punctulato,  elytris  subtiliter  punctato- 
striatis,  interstitiis  obsoletissime  punctulatis,  3'°  parce  punctato.  Long.  *075. 

Pallodes  obsoletus  Mels.,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.,  2,  107. 

Pennsylvania  :  for  a  typical  specimen  I  am  indebted  to  Dr.  Melsheimer.  His 
description  differs  somewhat  from  the  one  here  given,  as  the  power  of  the  lens 
used  by  him  was  not  sufficient  to  enable  the  specific  characters  to  be  clearly 
perceived. 

Cyrtusa.  Er. 

1.  C.  egena,  subglobosa,  testacea  nitida,  parce  subtilissime  punctulata, 
elytris  subtiliter  striato-punctatis,  tibiis  posticis  valde  dilatatis.  Long.  *05. 

Two  specimens  from  Habersham  county,  Georgia.  This  species  agrees  in 
every  particular  with  the  description  of  C.latipes  Er.,  (Deutschl.  Ins.  80) 
except  that  the  thorax  is  more  distinctly  punctured  at  the  sides ;  the  sutural  stria 
is  impressed  from  the  middle  of  the  elytra  to  the  tip.  The  posterior  femora  of 
the  male  are  armed  beneath,  at  the  extremity,  with  a  very  large,  slightly  re¬ 
curved  tooth,  as  in  C.  latipes. 

The  insect  described  by  me  in  Agassiz’  Lake  Superior,  as  Cyrtusa 
g  1  o  b  o  s  a,  on  more  close  examination  proves  to  belong  to  Liodes. 

Colenis  Er. 

1.  C.  impunctata,  subglobosa,  testacea,  nitida,  thorace  laevissimo,  elytris 
impunctatis,  transversim  obsoletissime  strigosis,  stria  suturali  pone  medium  dis- 
tjneta.  Long.  *03 — 05. 

Two  specimens,  found  in  Pennsylvania,  were  given  me  by  Mr.  Ziegler,  a 
much  smaller  one  was  found  by  me  in  upper  Georgia  ;  as  the  posterior  thighs  aie 
alike  in  all,  they  are  probably  females.  This  species  will  be  easily  distinguished 
from  the  European  C.  dentipes  Er.,  (Deutschl.  Ins.  83)  by  the  thorax  being 
smooth  and  shining,  even  when  viewed  with  a  Stanhope  lens,  and  by  the  entire 
absence  of  punctures  on  the  elytra. 

The  genus  will  be  easily  distinguished  by  the  seventh  joint  of  the  antennae 
being  but  little  larger  than  the  8th,  so  that  the  club  appears  3-jointed,  the  third 
joint  is  as  long  as  the  second  ;  the  middle  and  posterior  tarsi  are  four-jointed. 

2.  C  ?  1  ae  vi  s,  globosa,  nigra,  nitida  laevis,  thorace  margine  omni  diap’nano, 
elytris  stria  suturali  nulla,  ore  antennarum  basi  corporeque  subtus  rufis,  metas- 
terno  medio  nigro.  Long.  -04. 

Georgia.  I  considered  this  little  insect  as  a  non-globatile  Agathidium,  but  on 
relaxing  a  specimen  and  examining  the  antennae  it  appears  to  belong  to  this  genus  ; 
the  club  of  the  antennae  is,  however,  more  slender  than  in  the  preceding,  so  that 
the  seventh  joint  really  appears  to  enter  into  the  club.  The  third  to  the  sixth 
joints  are  equal  in  length.  The  anterior  margin  of  the  front  is  broadly  rounded, 
as  in  the  preceding  genus.  The  mesosternum  is  strongly  carinate.  I  cannot  be 
absolutely  certain  that  the  posterior  tarsi  are  not  3-jointed,  in  which  case  it 
would  be  necessary  to  place  it  in  Agaricophagus  ;  the  tibiae  are  apparently  with¬ 
out  spines. 

The  head  is  fully  one-half  as  wide  as  the  base  of  the  thorax,  and  black,  with 
the  mouth  yellowish.  The  thorax  is  very  short,  deeply  emarginate  in  front, 
slightly  rounded  on  the  sides,  broadly  rounded  at  the  base;  the  sides  and  basal 
margin  are  diaphanous  and  yellowish.  The  elytra  are  entirely  without  striae  or 


1853.] 


285 


punctures,  their  tip  is  rufescent.  The  under  side  of  the  body  and  the  feet  are 
rufous  ;  the  inetasternum  has  a  large  central  black  spot. 

It  is  very  probable  that  the  relation  between  the  second  joint  of  the  antennae 
and  the  following-  ones  should  be  considered  as  a  generic  character,  and  the  ab¬ 
sence  of  all  sculpture  on  the  upper  surface  would  seem  to  indicate  a  genus  dis¬ 
tinct  both  from  Colenis  and  Agaricophagus.  Until  more  specimens  occur,  so 
that  a  dissection  can  be  made,  it  would  be  better  to  allow  the  species  to  rest  in 
the  present  genus. 

Lioues  Latr .  (emend.  Schmidt.) 

1. L.  globosa,  hemispherica,  nigro-picea,  nitida,  thorace  subtilissime 
punctulato,  lateribus  rotundatis,  diaphanis,  elytris  punctulatis,  punctis  vix  mai- 
oribus  seriatim  positis,  stria  suturali  postice  profunda,  antennarum  basi  tibiis 
tarsisque  piceis.  Long.  *13. 

Cyrtusa  globosa  Le  Conte,  Agassiz’  Lake  Superior,  222. 

Sault  St.  Marie,  Michigan,  under  bark. 

2.  L.  po  li  t  a,  hemispherica,  nigra  nitida,  thorace  impunctato,  lateribus  ro- 
tundato,  elytris  subtiliter  punctato-striatis,  interstitiis  alternatim  obsolete  parce- 
punctalis,  abdomine,  ore  antennarifm  basi  pedibusque  piceo-rufis.  Long.  *11. 

One  specimen,  South  Carolina,  Dr.  Zimmerman.  Still  more  globose  than  the 
preceding.  The  anterior  tarsi  are  not  dilated;  the  sutural  stria  as  in  all  is  deeply 
impressed  posteriorly. 

3.  L.  d  i  s  c  o  1  o  r,  hemispherica,  nigra,  nitida,  thorace  impunctato,  lateribus 
rotundatis,  diaphanis,  elytris  profundius  punctato-striatis,  interstitiis  alternatim 
parce  punctatis,  antennarum  basi  pedibusque  piceo-rufis.  Long.  *11. 

Melsheimer,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  2,  103. 

One  specimen,  Pennsylvania,  Dr.  Melsheimer.  This  species  resembled  very 
much  the  preceding,  but  the  rows  of  punctures  on  the  elytra  are  larger  ;  the  in¬ 
terstitial  punctures  are  very  distinct,  and  the  abdomen  is  browm  only  at  the  sides. 
The  head  appears  reddish  in  some  lights  ;  the  first  joint  of  the  anterior  tarsi  is 
slightly  dilated.  This  species  seems  subject  to  variation  in  color,  Dr.  Melshei- 
mer’s  specimen  is  described  as  being  ‘rufo-testaceous  beneath.’ 

4.  L.  b  a  s  a  1  i  s ,  rotundata,  convexa,  nigra,  nitida,  thorace  versus  latera  vix 
punctulato,  elytris  basi  rufis,  parce  punctulatis,  punctis  maioribus  confusis 
striatis,  interstitiis  alternatim  6-  vel  7-punctatis,  abdomine  antennarumque  basi 
rufo-piceis.  Long.  *10. 

Pennsylvania,  Dr.  Melsheimer ;  New  Jersey,  Mr.  Guex.  The  red  color  of  the 
base  of  the  elytra  extends  from  the  epipleurae  almost  to  the  suture,  its  outline  is 
quite  distinctly  defined. 

5.  L.dichroa,  rotundato-ovalis,  convexa  nigra,  nitida,  ore  antennarum  basi 
pedibus  anticis,  ventre  elytrisque  testaceis,  his  punctis  confusis  striatis,  intersti¬ 
tiis  vix  subtilissime  punctulatis,  alternatim  6-  vel  7-punctatis,  sutura  margineque 
nigricante  ;  thorace  laevigato.  Long.  *09 — *10. 

One  pair,  Ann  Arbor,  Michigan ;  the  anterior  tarsi  of  the  female  are  5-jointed. 

Agathidium  Illiger. 

A.  Corpus  globatile  ;  humeri  rotundati. 

1.  A.  o  n  i  s  c  o  i  d  e  s  ,  piceum,  valde  convexum,  nitidum  laeve,  elytris  stria 
suturali  nulla,  antennis  pedibusque  rufo-testaceis.  Long.  *13. 

Beauvois,  Ins.  d’Afrique  et  d’Am.  160,  pi.  6,  fig.  2. 

A.  piceum,  Melsheimer,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.,  2,  103,  (1844.) 

Pennsylvania,  Dr.  Melsheimer.  The  margins  of  the  thorax  are  frequently  ru¬ 
fescent.  There  is  an  A.  p  i  c  e  u  m  described  by  Erichson  in  1845,  the  name  of 
which  may  be  changed  by  any  one  who  does  not  wish  to  adopt  the  synonymy  of 
this  species  as  given  above. 

2.  A.  exiguum,  nigro-piceum,  valde  convexum,  nitidum,  thorace  lsevi, 
limbo  diaphano,  elytris  obsolete  parce  punctulatis,  stria  suturali  antice  obsolete, 
postice  profunda ;  antennis  pedibusque  rufis.  Long.  *95— -*08. 

Melsheimer,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.,  2,  103. 


286 


[February, 


A.  rtijicorne,  Le  Conte,  Agassiz’  Lake  Superior,  222. 

Found  from  Lake  Superior  to  Louisiana.  The  tip  of  the  elytra  sometimes  be¬ 
comes  rufescent;  the  abdomen  is  usually  ferruginous,  but  is  sometimes  dark  co¬ 
lored  ;  I  can  find  no  difference  between  large  and  small  individuals  sufficient  to 
warrant  their  separation ;  by  actual  measurement,  however,  Dr.  Melsheimer’s 
type  is  two-thirds  of  a  line  long  instead  of  one-third  as  stated  by  him. 

3.  A.  revolve  ns,  piceum,  nitidum,  modice  convexum,  elytris  subtiliter 
punctatis,  obsolete  striatis,  stria  suturali  postice  profunda.  Long.  *14. 

Le  Conte,  Agassiz’  Lake  Superior,  222. 

One  specimen  from  the  north  shore  of  Lake  Superior.  This  species  has  the 
power  of  contracting  itself  into  a  ball  as  perfectly  as  the  preceding,  and  the  late¬ 
ral  outline  of  the  elytra  is  precisely  similar;  it  is  very  distinct  by  its  less  convex 
form,  and  distinctly  punctured  elytra. 

B,  Corpus  subglobatile  ;  humeri  obtusi. 

4.  A.  pule  hr  um  ,  nigrum  nitidum,  valde  convexum,  capite  macula  frontali 
rufa,  thorace  laevi  margine  omni  flavo,  elytris  subtilissime  punctulatis,  maculis 
utrinque  duabus  magnis  obliquis  flavis,  antennarum  basi  pedibusque  rufis.  Long. 
•09. 

San  Jose,  California,  under  oak  bark.  The  elytra  are  finely  punctulate ;  the 
sutural  stria  is  deep  and  does  not  extend  before  the  middle;  the  anterior  spot 
commences  at  the  humerus,  and  becoming  narrower,  runs  obliquely  backwards, 
nearly  reaching  the  suture  about  the  middle;  the  second  spot  commences  below 
the  humerus,  and  forms  a  broad  vitta  parallel  with  the  margin,  and  not  reaching 
the  suture  ;  the  thorax  is  sometimes  black  margined  with  yellow,  sometimes  yel¬ 
low  with  a  round  discoidal  black  spot ;  the  club  of  the  antennae  is  piceous,  be¬ 
coming  rufous  at  its  extremity. 

The  left  mandible  of  the  male  is  armed  with  a  long  curved  horn. 

5.  A.  difforme,  piceum,  nitidum,  convexum,  thorace  vix  subtilissime 
punctulato,  Iateribus  rufescente,  elytris  distincte  punctatis,  stria  suturali  antice 
abbreviata.  Long.  *08. 

Phalacrus  difformis  Le  Conte,  Agassiz’  Lake  Superior,  222. 

Two  males  from  the  north  side  of  Lake  Superior.  The  left  mandible  is  armed 
with  a  long  curved  horn.  The  head  is  distinctly  punctured  ;  the  base  of  the  an¬ 
tennae,  and  the  anterior  feet  are  rufo-piceous ;  the  margins  of  the  elytra  are 
rufescent. 

I  have  nothing  to  say  in  extenuation  of  my  error  in  placing  this  species  in  the 
genus  Phalacrus,  the  form  of  the  anterior  coxae,  and  the  filiform  tarsi,  if  looked 
at,  would  have  taught  me  better. 

The  genus  Sternuchus  Lee.,  (Agass.  Lake  Sup.  222)  must  be  suppressed, 
as,  on  careful  examination,  I  find  the  club  of  the  antennae  to  be  two-jointed ;  the 
part  described  by  me  as  the  antennae  of  Sternuchus,  appears  to  be  an  accidentally 
adhering  fragment  of  another  insect.  There,  therefore,  remains  no  character  to 
separate  Sternuchus  from  Clambus,  and  the  typical  species  must  be  called 
Clambus  gibbulus;  it  is  the  analogue  of  the  European  C.  armadillo ;  a 
slightly  pubescent  species  found  in  Pennsylvania  was  given  me  by  Mr.  Ziegler. 
The  genus  Clambus,  from  the  appearance  of  the  under  surface,  may  probably 
enter  the  family  Trichopterygia,  but  as  yet  its  place  seems  uncertain. 

As  an  appendix  to  the  present  family,  it  may  be  proper  to  describe  an  insect 
which  is  placed  in  many  American  cabinets  under  the  name  f  Sphaerites  america- 
nus.’  It  is,  however,  by  no  means  a  Sphaerites,  nor  does  it  belong  to  the  present 
family,  but  from  its  transverse  anterior  coxae,  entire  prosternum,  & c.,  &c.,  must 
be  placed  in  the  family  Nitidulariae,  where  it  forms  a  new  genus. 

Psilopyga  Lee. 

Sulci  antennales  recti  divergentes ;  labrum  bilobum ;  mandibulae  diktat*, 
apice  inflexa,  acuminata,  utrinque  serrulata;  palpi  breves  articulis  ultimis  ovali- 
bus;  mentum  parvum  breve  subpentagonum ;  tibiae  compress*  modice  dilatatae; 
tarsi  anteriores  dilatati,  postici  simplices;  pygidium  nudum. 


1853.] 


287 


The  form  of  the  body  is  very  similar  to  that  of  Hister ;  it  is  glabrous,  elliptical, 
and  moderately  convex ;  the  elytra  are  truncate,  so  as  to  expose  the  last  dorsal 
segment ;  the  male  has  an  additional  small  anal  segment.  The  anterior  tibiae  are 
more  dilated  than  the  others  ;  their  outer  margin  is  finely  serrulate,  and  the  outer 
angle  somewhat  produced ;  the  terminal  spurs  are  unequal,  the  larger  ones 
slightly  bent;  the  prosternum  is  dilated  and  rounded  posteriorly  ;  the  middle  coxae 
are  distant.  The  first  ventral  segment  is  larger  than  the  others. 

By  this  detail  of  the  characters,  this  genus  will  appear  obviously  different 
from  any  described  by  Erichson  in  his  systematic  arjangement  of  Nitidulariae, 
(Germar’s  Zeitschr.  4,  267  et  seq.)  ;  it  seems  to  approach  most  closely  Ischaena, 
(p.  287,)  and  Ipidia  (p.  289.) 

P.  histrina,  elliptica,  modice  convexa,  nigro-picea,  nitida,  capite  thorace- 
que  parce  punctulatis,  punctis  maioribus  intermixtis,  elytris  striis  9  punctatis 
impressis,  interstitiis  parce  subtilissime  punctulatis,  pygidio  punctato. 
Long.  *21. 

Pennsylvania,  in  fungi,  Dr.  Melsheimer  and  Mr.  Ziegler.  The  thorax  is  nar¬ 
rowed  in  front,  emarginate  at  the  apex,  with  the  anterior  angles  not  rounded  ; 
the  sides  are  broadly  rounded,  finely  and  strongly  margined;  tbe  base  is  broadly 
rounded,  with  a  broad,  short  and  truncate  lobe  in  front  of  the  scutel ;  the  latter 
is  large,  triangular  and  sparsely  punctured.  The  striae  of  the  elytra  are  entire, 
and  the  9th  is  slightly  sinuous  ;  the  apex  is  truncate  and  has  a  fewT  confused 
punctures  at  the  termination  of  the  striae  ;  the  punctures  of  the  pygidium  are 
moderately  large  and  shallow.  The  under  surface  is  punctured ;  the  epipleurae 
are  concave  and  punctured.  The  base  of  the  antennae  is  feebly  rufo-piceous. 


[Note.  The  manuscript  of  the  u  Synopsis  of  Scaphidilia y  by  Dr. 
Le  Conte,  having  been  mislaid,  its  publication  must  be  deferred.] 


The  Committee  on  the  following  paper  by  Dr.  Le  Conte,  reported 
in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings. 

Synopsis  of  the  species  of  the  Histeroid  genus  Abraeus  (Leach,)  inhabiting  the 
United  States ,  with  descriptions  of  two  nearly  allied  new  genera . 

By  John  L.  Le  Conte,  M.  D. 

The  number  of  species  of  Abraeus  found  within  our  territory,  renders  the 
genus  quite  worthy  of  a  special  notice  ;  as  they  are  all  very  small  and  uniform 
in  appearance,  they  present  at  first  a  moderate  degree  of  difficulty  in  determin¬ 
ing  their  characters.  This  difficulty,  however,  vanishes  under  a  closer  inspec¬ 
tion,  which  shows  the  species  to  be  as  well  defined  as  in  other  genera  of  the  same 
family.  For  the  more  complete  illustration  of  the  genus,  I  have  added  descrip¬ 
tions  of  two  species  from  Cuba  ;  these  being  foreign  to  our  present  limits,  are 
not  numbered  in  the  following  list. 

Two  species,  which  I  considered  as  belonging  to  this  genus,  on  close  examin¬ 
ation  present  characters  altogether  different.  1  have  accordingly  constructed  a 
new  genus  for  them,  which  must  be  placed  in  a  different  division  of  the  family, 
near  Dendrophilus.  To  avoid  confusion,  however,  as  the  species  will  undoubt¬ 
edly  be  mistaken  by  others  for  Abraeus,  I  have  thought  it  better  to  append  the 
generic  and  specific  description  to  the  present  essay. 

Erichson  has  divided  the  six  species  knowm  to  him,  into  two  groups.  The 
first  contains  globular  species,  wTith  very  short  estriate  prosternum,  with  no 
lateral  stria  on  the  elytra,  and  with  the  pygidium  indexed,  so  as  to  form  part  of 
the  ventral  surface  of  the  abdomen.  Of  this  group  there  is  but  one  species 
known  to  me  in  this  country. 

The  second  group  has  the  prosternum  bistriate,  the  elytra  with  a  lateral  stria 

44 


288  [February , 

and  the  pygidium  perpendicular.  The  species  are  numerous  and  vary  in  form 
from  almost  globular  to  tolerably  strongly  depressed. 

A  synoptic  table  may  be  thus  constructed  : 

A.  Corpus  globosum,  pygidio  inflexo.  Abraeus. 

1.  rufus,  elytris  valde  aciculatis,  linea  basali  hamata  insculptis  punctiformis. 

B.  Pygidium  perpendiculariter  deflexum.  Acritus. 
a.  Thorax  basi  marginatus. 

*  Pygidium  laeve,  (corpore  rotundato.) 

1.  minus  convexus,  niger,  elytris  subtilius  punctulatis  et  acicu¬ 

latis,  .  .  .  .  •  •  •  .  . 

2.  valde  convexus,  niger,  elytris  punctatis,  postice  subtiliter 

aciculatis,  ......... 

3.  valde  convexus,  piceus,  elytris  subtilius  punctatis,  postice 

densius  aciculatis,  ........ 

4.  rufo-piceus,  elytris  punctatis  et  aciculatis,  lateribus  laevibus, 

postpectore  punctato,  .  .  . 

(Corpore  subovali.) 

5.  rufo-piceus,  elytris  subtilius  punctatis  et  aciculatis,  lateribus 

laevibus,  postpectore  laevi, . 

**  Pygidium  punctulatum,  (corpore  subovali.) 

6.  piceus  parcius  punctulatus,  elytris  lateribus  laevibus,  stria 

laterali  subtili  . . 

(nigro-piceus,  punctulatus,  elytris  lateribus  laevibus,  stria 

laterali  profunda . 

b.  Thorax  basi  non  marginatus. 

7.  ovalis,  rufo-piceus,  impunctatus, . 

8.  oblongus,  subdepressus  niger,  punctatus,  pygidio  laevi, 

9.  oblongus,  subdepressus,  niger,  grossius  punctatus,  pygidio 

punctulato  . . 

(rotundatus,  subdepressus,  rufus,  aciculatus,'  pygidio  vix 

punctulato . 

Abr.eus  Leach. 

1.  A.  p  u  n  c  t  i  fo  r  m  i  s,  subglobosus,  rufus,  thorace  punctato,  elytris  valde 
aciculatis,  linea  basali  hamata  notatis,  pygidio  inflexo,  punctato.  Long.  *02. 

Common  in  the  Southern  States,  under  pine  bark.  I  have  adopted  the  name 
under  which  it  has  been  sent  me  by  Dr.  Zimmerman.  Body  subglobose,  very 
little  longer  than  wide,  rufous,  somewhat  shining  ;  head  and  thorax  finely  punc¬ 
tured,  the  latter  not  margined  at  the  base.  Elytra  strongly  aciculate,  marked 
on  each  side  with  a  basal  curved  line,  of  a  parabolic  form  ;  the  outer  leg  of  this 
curve  may  be  traced  quite  to  the  apex,  forming  a  fine  marginal  line  ;  the  epi- 
pleurae  and  under  surface  of  the  body  are  very  coarsely  punctured.  Pygidium 
strongly  indexed,  punctured.  Anterior  tibiae  strongly  dilated. 

The  prosternum  is  punctured,  slightly  emarginate  behind,  and  not  striate. 

Acritus  Lee. 

Prosternum  utrinque  truncatum,  bistriatum  ;  mandibuke  retractae  ;  scrobiculi 
antennales  maximi  profundi,  in  thoracis  parte  inflexa  antice  siti ;  antennae  funi- 
culo  tenui,  capitulo  ovali;  maxillae  mala  interiore  unco  apicali  armata;  tarsi 
postici  quadriarticulati ;  pygidium  perpendiculare. 

Although  by  Erichson  considered  as  a  portion  of  Abrceus,  I  have  ventured  to 
separate  these  species  as  a  distinct  genus,  since  the  characters  already  pointed 
out  by  Redtenbacher  (Fauna  Austr.  210)  in  the  form  of  the  posterior  tarsi  and 
the  inner  lobe  of  the  maxillae  seem  to  indicate  the  necessity  of  removing  these 
species  from  Abraeus. 

In  the  form  of  the  antennae  and  the  cavities  for  their  reception,  this  genus 
agrees  perfectly  with  Abraeus  ;  the  prosternum  is,  however,  less  flat,  and  is 
truncate  posteriorly  as  well  as  in  front ;  it  is  marked  with  a  distinct  stria  on 


discus. 

fimetarius. 

strigosus. 

conformis. 

simplex. 

basalis. 

analis.) 

politus. 

maritimus. 

exiguus. 

atomus.) 


289 


1853.] 

each  side.  The  elytra  are  destitute  of  a  marginal  stria;  the  epipleurae  have  a 
single  entire  lateral  stria,  and  occasionally  a  rudiment  of  a  -second  at  the  base. 
The  pygidium  is  perpendicular,  not  indexed,  as  in  Abrams.  The  anterior  tibiae 
are  more  or  less  dilated,  but  always  gradually  so.  The  middle  and  posterior 
tibiae  are  slender.  The  posterior  tarsi  are  only  four-jointed,  the  portion  usually 
composing  the  basal  joint  being  firmly  anchylosed  to  the  second  joint. 

To  this  genus  will  also  belong  Hister  minutus  Fabr.,  and  Iiister  nigricornis 
Ent.  Heft.)  both  placed  in  Abraeus  by  Erichson. 

1.  A.  d  i  s  c  u  s,  rotundatus,  minus  convexus,  nigro-piceus,  thorace  subtilis- 
sime,  elytris  subtiliter  sat  dense  punctatis,  illo  basi  marginato,  pygidio  laevi. 
Long.  *04. 

Two  specimens  found  in  upper  Georgia,  under  bark.  Body  round,  less  convex 
than  usual,  piceous-black,  shining.  Head  very  obsoletely  punctulate.  Thorax 
extremely  finely  punctulate,  with  a  distinct  transverse  line  at  the  middle  of  the 
base.  Elytra  finely  and  tolerably  densely  punctured,  very  slightly  aciculate  ; 
epipleurae  broad,  finely  punctulate,  lateral  stria  deep.  Pygidium  impunctured  ; 
under  surface  finely  punctured;  legs  rufous,  anterior  tibiae  gradually  very 
slightly  dilated. 

2.  A.  f  i  m  e  t  a  r  i  u  s,  rotundatus,  convexus,  piceus  vel  niger,  thorace  punctu- 
lato,  basi  medio  marginato,  elytris  minus  subtiliter  punctatis  postice  subtiliter 
aciculatis,  pygidio  impunctato,  alutaceo.  Long.  *04. 

Abrceus  fimetarius  Lee.,  Bost.  Journ.  Nat.  Hist.  5,  54. 

A  pretty  large  species,  found  in  the  Southern  and  Middle  States,  in  dung  and 
under  stones.  Head  very  finely  punctulate.  Thorax  not  densely,  very  finely 
punctured,  with  a  transverse  marginal  line  at  the  middle  of  the  base.  Elytra 
not  densely,  somewhat  coarsely  punctured,  punctures  becoming  small  poste¬ 
riorly  and  intermixed  with  dense  fine  scratches  ;  towards  the  base  there  are 
usually  one  or  two  oblique  abbreviated  striae  visible,  which,  however,  are  some¬ 
times  entirely  obsolete  ;  epipleurae  inferiorly  smooth,  lateral  stria  deep.  Pygi¬ 
dium  impunctured,  slightly  chagrined.  Under  surface  sparsely  punctured; 
anterior  tibiae  scarcely  dilated. 

A  specimen  found  by  Dr.  Schaum  at  New  Orleans,  has  the  basal  elytral  striae 
very  deep,  and  between  them  about  the  middle,  is  a  shorter,  also  oblique  stria. 
I  can  find  no  other  difference  between  it  and  the  others. 

From  the  difficulty  of  perceiving  the  characters  of  such  minute  species,  the 
descriptions  of  my  father  are  by  no  means  as  accurate  in  this  genus  as  in  the 
others  contained  in  his  Monograph.  Under  this  species  he  says  that  the  thorax 
is  not  margined  posteriorly,  but  has  a  row  of  larger  punctures.  Now  in  all  the 
species  which  have  the  posterior  line  discernible,  it  is  formed  by  the  limit  of  a 
series  of  basal  punctures  or  aciculations,  and  is  not  an  engraved  distinctly  de¬ 
fined  line. 

3.  A.  strigosus,  rotundatus,  convexus,  vix  ovalis,  piceus,  thorace  densius 
punctulato,  basi  medio  marginato,  elytris  confertim  punctatis  postice  subtiliter 
dense  aciculatis,  pygidio  impunctato.  Long.  *03. 

Two  specimens  from  Georgia.  This  species  resembles  very  much  A.  fime¬ 
tarius,  but  is  smaller,  and  the  punctures  of  the  thorax  are  denser  and  more 
distinct;  the  punctures  of  the  elytra  are  smaller.  Body  rounded,  convex, 
scarcely  oval,  shining  piceous.  Thorax  densely,  distinctly  punctulate,  strongly 
margined  at  the  middle  of  the  base.  Elytra  moderately  punctured,  punctures 
becoming  small  posteriorly,  where  they  are  mingled  with  fine  dense  scratches; 
epipleurae  almost  smooth,  lateral  stria  deep.  Pygidium  impunctured,  obsoletely 
chagrined.  Postpectus  and  abdomen  sparsely  punctured,  anterior  tibiae  very 
slightly  dilated. 

4.  A.  conformis,  rotundatus,  convexus,  vix  ovalis,  piceus  vel  rufo- 
piceus,  thorace  subtiliter  punctulato,  basi  medio  marginato,  elytris  punctatis 
postice  subrugosis,  lateribus  laevibus  stria  laterali  profunda,  pygidio  impunctato. 
Long.  *023. 

Georgia,  under  bark.  Similar  in  form  to  A.  fimetarius,  but  only  half  as 


290 


[February, 


large,  and  a  little  less  globose ;  varies  in  color  from  piceous  to  brownish-re,d. 
Thorax  very  finely  punctured  ;  middle  of  the  base  distinctly  margined.  Elytra 
more  finely  not  densely  punctured,  punctures  posteriorly  smaller  and  mixed  with 
scratches;  the  sides  and  epipleurae  are  smooth, the  lateral  stria  deep.  Pygidium 
impunctured ;  postpectus  sparsely  distinctly  punctured ;  anterior  tibiae  slightly 
dilated. 

5.  A.  simplex,  oblongo-ovalis,  convexus,  rufus  vel  rufo-piceus,  thorace 
subtiliter  punctulato,  basi  medio  marginato,  elytris  subtilius  punctatis  et  postice 
rugosis,  lateribus  laevibus,  stria  laterali  subtili,  pygidio  impunctato.  Long.  -025. 

Abrams  simplex  Lee.,  Bost.  Journ.  Nat.  Hist.  5,  54,  tab.  10,  fig.  11. 

Abundant  in  Georgia,  under  bark.  This  species  is  more  oval  than  A.  con-, 
formis,  which  it  resembles  very  closely,  so  that  the  upper  surface  presents 
hardly  any  difference  ;  the  punctures  of  the  elytra  are,  however,  finer,  and  the 
posterior  rugae  more  numerous.  The  lateral  stria  is  very  fine.  The  postpectus 
is  smooth ;  with  a  very  powerful  lens,  and  in  a  particular  light,  may  be  seen  a 
few  very  minute  indistinct  punctures.  Anterior  tibiae  scarcely  dilated. 

6.  A.  b  a  s  al  i  s,  oblongo-ovalis,  modice  convexus,  piceus,  parcius  subtiliter 
punctatus,  thorace  basi  medio  marginato,  elytris  lateribus  laevibus,  stria  laterali 
subtili,  pygidio  punctulato.  Long.  *025. 

Ahrceus  bxsalis  Lee.,  Annals  of  Lyceum  of  New  York,  5,  170. 

Gila  and  Colorado  Rivers,  California,  under  the  bark  of  Cottonwood.  This 
species  is  very  similar  in  form  to  A.  simplex,  but  is  a  little  less  convex.  The 
more  distinct  punctuation  of  the  thorax  and  the  finely  punctulate  pygidium 
will  at  once  distinguish  it.  The  punctures  of  the  elytra  are  less  mixed  with 
rugae  posteriorly;  the  sides  and  epipleurae  are  smooth;  the  lateral  stria  is  fine, 
and  the  postpectus  is  sparsely  punctured;  the  anterior  tibiae  are  scarcely 
dilated. 

From  A.  analis  it  differs  by  the  less  dense  and  more  distinct  punctuation,  as 
well  as  by  the  less  deep  lateral  stria. 

(A.  analis,  piceus,  modice  convexus,  leviter  ovalis,  thorace  punctulato, 
basi  medio  marginato,  elytris  punctatis  et  postice  subrugosis,  lateribus  laevibus, 
stria  laterali  profunda,  pygidio  subtiliter  punctulato.  Long.  *027. 

One  specimen  from  Cuba,  kindly  sent  by  Don  Felipe  Poey.  The  distinctive 
characters  are  already  pointed  out  under  the  preceding  species.) 

7.  A.  p  ol  itu  s,  rufo-piceus,  subovalis,  modice  convexus,  laevissimus,  stria 
laterali  subtili.  Long.  *025. 

Middle,  Southern  and  Western  States,  abundant  under  stones.  This  species 
has  entirely  the  form  of  A.  simplex,  but  is  destitute  of  punctures  both  above 
and  beneath.  The  lateral  stria  is  fine  but  distinct,  the  anterior  tibiae  are 
scarcely  dilated.  I  have  distributed  this  insect  under  the  name  A.  Icevigatvs  ; 
on  account  of  Hister  laevigatus  Payh.  I  have  thought  it  better  to  change  this 
name.  Paykull’s  species  is  not  an  Abraeus,  as  conjectured  by  my  father,  but  is 
evidently  a  species  of  Caerosternus  Lee.,  and  only  differs  from  the  Cuban 
C.  laevissimus  Lee.  (Proceed.  Acad.  6,  40,)  in  having  the  pectus  slightly  punc¬ 
tured.  It  has  not  been  seen  since  PaykulPs  time,  and  is  probably  a  West  Indian 
species.  Further  comparison  is  necessary  to  determine  whether  Caerosternus 
should  not  be  reunited  to  Tribalus;  the  rounded  margin  of  the  prosternum 
might  be  called  a  short  broad  lobe,  while  the  lateral  extension,  although  not 
lobed  in  its  outline,  might  be  but  a  very  slight  variation  of  the  form  described 
by  Erichson. 

8.  A.  maritimus,  oblongus  fere  depressus,  niger,  thorace  subtilius,  ely¬ 
tris  sat  dense  punctatis,  pygidio  laevi.  Long.  \045. 

Ahrceus  maritimus  Le  Conte,  Ann.  Lyc.  of  New  York,  5,170. 

San  Diego,  California,  under  decomposing  kelp  on  the  shores  of  the  ocean. 
This  species,  in  form  and  size,  equals  our  common  Plegaderus  transversus,  but 
has  all  the  characters  of  the  present  genus.  The  thorax  is  finely  punctured,  the 
sides  are  scarcely  rounded ;  the  elytra  are  distinctly  punctured,  the  punctures 


1853.] 


291 


becoming  slightly  aciculate  posteriorly ;  there  is  a  slight  vestige  of  an  oblique 
stria  at  the  base  ;  the  epipleurae  are  almost  smooth,  the  lateral  stria  deep  ;  the 
pectus  and  abdomen  are  scarcely  punctured  ;  the  pygidium  is  impunctured ;  the 
anterior  tibice  are  gradually  and  broadly  dilated. 

9.  A.  exiguus,  oblongus,  fere  depressus,  niger,  thorace  densius,  elytris 
distinctius  punctatis,  pygidio  punctulato.  Long.  *03. 

Abrceus  exiguus  Erichson,  Klug’s  Jahrb.,  208. 

Abrceus  aciculatus  Le  Conte,  Bost.  Journ.  Nat.  Hist.  5,  54  ;  tab.  vi.  fig.  10. 

Abrceus  obliquus  Le  Conte,  Bost.  Journ.  Nat.  Hist.  5,54;  tab.  vi.  fig.  12. 

Abundant  in  the  Southern  States,  and  found  also  at  Fort  Laramie,  Nebraska. 
Body  oblong,  subdepressed.  Thorax  densely,  distinctly  punctured,  sometimes 
slightly  rugous.  Elytra  more  coarsely  punctured,  posteriorly  more  or  less  ' 
aciculate  ;  lateral  stria  deep.  Postpectus  and  abdomen  coarsely  punctured.  Py¬ 
gidium  finely  but  distinctly  punctulate.  Feet  rufous,  anterior  tibiae  very 
slightly  dilated. 

There  is  frequently  a  trace  of  an  oblique  stria  at  the  base  of  the  elytra  ;  the 
concavity  of  the  epipleurae  in  this,  as  in  some  other  species,  causes  the  lateral 
Stria  in  some  lights  to  appear  double. 

Two  specimens,  which  appear  somewhat  broader  and  more  depressed  than 
ordinary,  form  Abrceus  obliquus  Lee.,  but  after  a  very  close  examination,  I  can¬ 
not  find  any  sufficient  distinction.  By  the  thorax  in  the  one  described  being 
dislocated,  so  as  to  show  the  posterior  edge,  it  was  incorrectly  described  by  my 
father  as  margined  at  the  base. 

A.  a  t  o  m  u  s  ,  rotundatus,  fere  depressus,  rufus,  thorace  elytrisque  aciculato- 
punctatis,  pygidio  vix  punctulato.  Long.  ’03. 

One  specimen  from  Cuba,  kindly  sent  by  Don  Felipe  Poey.  Body  circular, 
depressed,  shining  rufous.  Head  finely  punctulate.  Thorax  and  elytra  coarsely 
and  densely  punctured,  punctures  somewhat  aciculate  ;  epipleurae  /  Pygidium 
finely  and  obsoletely  punctulate  ;  anterior  tibiae  not  dilated. 

I  am  not  able  to  make  a  satisfactory  examination  of  the  under  surface,  bat  the 
form,  color  and  punctuation  are  sufficient  to  separate  it  at  once  from  the  pre¬ 
ceding  species,  to  which  alone  it  is  allied. 

Bacanius  Lee. 

Prosternum  latum,  postice  truncatum,  antice  breviter  lobatum,  et  late  rotun^ 
datum,  non  striatum ;  mandibulae  subretractae  ;  scrobiculi  antennales  magni, 
diffusi,  ad  medium  thoracis  partis  inflexae  siti ;  antennae  funiculo  tenui,  articulis 
penultimis  rotundatis,  capitulo  ovali  modice  compresso  ;  pygidium  inflexum  ; 
tibiae  anticae  dilatatae,  posteriores  angustae;  tarsi  omnes  5-articulati. 

Although  from  the  want  of  specimens  for  dissection,  1  am  able  to  give  but  a 
meagre  description  of  this  genus,  the  characters  above  stated  will  show  the  ne¬ 
cessity  of  separating  it  from  Abraeus,  with  which,  from  the  size  and  form  of  the 
body,  the  species  might  be  confounded.  The  distinction  between  this  genus  and 
Dendrophilus  is  however  not  so  well  defined  ;  for  the  present  it  can  be  said,  that 
the  prosternum  in  Dendrophilus  is  rounded  posteriorly  and  elevated  in  the  middle 
and  bistriate  ;  the  mesosternum  is  emarginate  ;  the  middle  and  posterior  tibiae 
are  broadly  dilated,  and  the  pygidium  is  perpendicular. 

Paromalus  has  the  prosternum  similar  to  Dendrophilus.  In  both  the  mesos¬ 
ternum  is  emarginate,  while  in  Bacanius  it  is  truncate. 

The  species  constituting  the  second  division  below,  ought  probably  to  form  a 
new  genus,  but  the  specimen  has  lost  the  antennae,  and  I  therefore  postpone  the 
farther  consideration  of  the  subject  till  new  specimens  were  obtained. 

1.  B.  t  ant  ill  us,  rotundatus,  convexus,  rufus,  nitidus,  minus  subtiliter 
punctatus,  elytris  stria  marginali  antice  abbreviata,  pygidio  punctulato.  Long. 
•035. 

Middle  and  Southern  States,  under  bark  and  in  fungi.  Body  convex  round, 
almost  globose,  brownish  red,  shining.  Head  finely  sparsely  punctulate.  Thorax 
not  densely,  distinctly  punctured.  Elytra  more  coarsely  punctured  than  the 


292 


[February, 


thorax,  with  traces  of  oblique  striae,  near  the  base ;  marginal  stria  distinct,  but 
not  extending  in  front  of  the  middle  ;  epipleurae  sparsely  punctured,  with  indis¬ 
tinct  traces  of  a  lateral  line.  Pygidium  strongly  indexed,  finely  punctured. 
Body  beneath  coarsely  punctured;  anterior  tibiae  somewhat  suddenly  and  broadly 
dilated. 

2.  B.  misellus  ,  rotundatus,  convexus,  rufus,  nitidus,  tliorace  parce  punc- 
tulato,  elytris  punctatis,  stria  marginali  integra,  pygidio  laevi.  Long.  *03. 

Two  specimens  from  New  York,  under  bark.  Similar  in  form  to  the  pre¬ 
ceding,  but  much  smaller ;  the  thorax  is  more  finely  punctured ;  the  marginal 
stria  of  the  elytra  is  entire,  anteriorly  receding  from  the  margin;  the  lateral 
stria  appears  more  distinct  than  in  B.  tantillus ;  the  pygidium  is  smooth ;  under 
surface  and  feet  as  in  the  preceding. 

§2.  Pygidium  perpendiculare ;  elytra  acute  marginata. 

3.  B?  marginatus,  rotundatus,  modice  convexus,  niger,  subnitidus,  dense 
grosse  punctatus,  elytris  margme  laterali  acuto,  pygidio  punctulato.  Long.  *06. 

One  specimen  from  Illinois;  Mr.  Willcox.  Body  rounded,  slightly  and  regu¬ 
larly  convex,  forming  a  small  segment  of  a  sphere,  black,  somewhat  shining. 
Head  densely  punctulate.  Thorax  densely  punctured,  lateral  margin  longitudi¬ 
nally  impressed.  Elytra  coarsely  punctured,  with  slight  vestiges  of  external 
oblique  striae  at  the  base  ;  exterior  margin  sharply  defined;  marginal  stria  obso¬ 
lete  ;  epipleurae  broad,  flat,  bistriate.  Pygidium  perpendicular,  finely  punctured. 
Under  surface  punctured,  feet  rufous,  anterior  tibiae  curved  inwards,  slightly 
dilated;  posterior  tibiae  very  slender. 


The  Committee  on  the  following  paper  by  Dr.  Greene,  reported  in 
favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings. 

Chemical  Investigation  of  Remains  o  f  Fossil  Mammalia. 

By  Francis  Y.  Greene,  M.  D. 

At  the  request  of  Dr.  F.  A.  Genth,  I  have  made  in  his  laboratory  a  chemical 
investigation  of  several  fossil  remains,  collected  by  D.  D.  Owen,  M.  D.,  in  his 
late  survey  of  Nebraska  Territory.  The  specimens,  which  consisted  of  a  brown 
portion  of  bone  from  a  Titanotherium,  the  enamel  and  dentine  of  a  tooth  of  the 
same  animal,  and  a  portion  of  the  tibia  of  an  Archaeotherium,  were  kindly  fur¬ 
nished  me  by  Dr.  Joseph  Leidy  from  the  collection  of  the  Academy  of  Natural 
Sciences. 

The  general  outline  of  the  methods  pursued  in  determining  the  constituents  of 
these  specimens  is  as  follows  : 

The  finely-powdered  substance,  being  always  dried  over  sulphuric  acid,  was 
dissolved  (according  to  H.  Rose’s  method  for  the  determination  of  phosphoric 
acid)  in  nitric  acid,  and  after  adding  mercury  in  sufficient  quantity  to  combine 
with  the  phosphoric  acid,  it  was  evaporated  to  dryness  in  a  water  bath.  Afterwards 
it  was  moistened  with  water  and  again  evaporated  to  dryness;  this  operation  being 
repeated  until  no  odor  of  nitric  acid  could  be  observed  at  the  temperature  of  the 
water  bath.  To  this  dried  mass  water  was  now  added.  The  insoluble  portion 
consisted  only  of  phosphate  and  basic  nitrate  of  mercury,  (except  in  one  analysis, 
in  which  iron  existed  irr  determinable  quantity ;)  the  solution  contained  fluoride 
of  mercury  and  the  other  constituents  as  nitrates.  This  was  filtered  off,  and 
the  insoluble-  phosphate,  after  being  washed  and  thoroughly  dried,  was  fused 
with  carbonate  of  soda,  with  all  the  precautions  mentioned  by  Rose.  The  fused 
mass,  consisting  only  of  phosphate  of  soda  and  the  excess  of  carbonate  of  soda, 
dissolved  therefore  completely  in  water,  except  in  one  analysis,  in  which  a  por¬ 
tion  of  the  iron  remaining  undissolved,  was  filtered  off  and  determined  in  the 
usual  manner.  This  watery  solution  was  then  acidulated  with  hydrochloric 


1853.1 


293 


acid,  and  the  phosphoric  acid  precipitated  in  the  ordinary  way  by  sulphate  of 
magnesia. 

From  the  solution  containing  the  soluble  nitrates  and  fluoride  of  mercury,  the 
mercury  was  precipitated  by  chloride  of  ammonium,  and  the  filtrate  from  the 
calomel  precipitated  by  carbonate  of  ammonia.  As  carbonate  of  lime  and 
fluoride  of  calcium  are  both  slightly  soluble  in  ammoniacal  salts,  a  small  quan¬ 
tity  of  each  was  always  deposited  on  evaporation  of  the  filtrate ;  this  was  sepa¬ 
rated  by  filtration  and  added  to  the  other  portion  of  carbonate  of  lime  and  fluoride 
of  calcium.  This  precipitate  was  ignited,  and  an  excess  of  acetic  acid  added, 
which  dissolved  the  carbonate  of  lime,  leaving  the  greater  portion  of  the  fluoride 
of  calcium ;  but,  as  fluoride  of  calcium  is  soluble  to  a  certain  extent  in  acetic 
acid,  the  whole  was  evaporated  to  dryness  to  get  rid  of  the  free  acetic  acid,  and 
the  dry  acetate  of  lime  dissolved  in  boiling  water,  and  filtered  from  the  insoluble 
fluoride  of  calcium.  It  being  found  that  it  always  contained  a  small  quantity  of 
silicic  acid,  the  mixture,  after  being  weighed,  was  treated  with  hydrochloric 
acid,  which  left  the  silicic  acid  undissolved,  the  quantity  of  which  was  deter¬ 
mined  and  subtracted  from  the  previous  weight,  thus  leaving  the  exact  weight 
of  the  fluoride  of  calcium. 

The  solution  from  the  carbonate  of  lime  containing  magnesia  and  the  alkalies, 
was  evaporated  to  dryness  to  drive  off  the  ammoniacal  salts,  and  the  residue 
dissolved  in  sulphuric  acid,  the  excess  of  which  was  also  driven  off  by  heat. 
The  dry  mass  was  dissolved  in  water,  and  acetate  of  baryta  added  to  convert 
the  sulphates  into  acetates.  The  filtrate  from  the  insoluble  sulphate  of  baryta 
was  then  evaporated  to  dryness  in  a  platinum  crucible  and  heated,  in  order  to 
convert  the  acetates  of  baryta,  magnesia  and  the  alkalies  into  carbonates,  which 
were  treated  with  boiling  water,  and  the  soluble  alkaline  carbonates  thus  sepa¬ 
rated  from  the  insoluble  carbonates  of  magnesia  and  baryta.  This  latter  mix¬ 
ture  was  then  treated  with  diluted  sulphuric  acid,  and  the  magnesia  afterwards 
separated  from  the  filtrate  as  phosphate  of  magnesia  and  ammonia.  The  car¬ 
bonates  of  the  alkalies  were  converted  into  and  weighed  as  chlorides,  and  after¬ 
wards  separated  by  bichloride  of  platinum. 

A  new  portion  was  taken  for  the  remaining  determinations.  This  was  dried 
at  220°  until  the  weight  became  constant,  the  loss  giving  the  quantity  of  water. 
The  anhydrous  substance  was  then  heated  in  an  open  crucible  until  all  the  or¬ 
ganic  matter  was  burned  off,  and  then  moistened  with  carbonate  of  ammonia,  as 
it  was  supposed  that  the  high  heat  might  have  expelled  a  portion  of  the  carbonic 
acid.  The  difference  of  weight  gave  the  quantity  of  organic  matter.  The  car¬ 
bonic  acid  was  determined  in  the  usual  manner  from  the  loss  of  weight  after 
treating  with  nitric  acid.  The  nitric  acid  did  not  dissolve  a  small  quantity  of 
silicic  acid,  the  weight  of  which  was  ascertained  and  added  to  the  other  portion. 
From  the  filtrate  sulphuric  acid  was  precipitated  as  sulphate  of  baryta. 

The  following  are  the  characteristics  of  the  specimens  and  the  data  of  the 
analysis : 

Specimen  1. — Bone  of  Titanotherium.  Compact,  with  subconchoidal  fracture. 
Tough.  Hardness=4.5.  Sp.  gr.=2.87  (at  20°  C.)  Lustre,  resinous.  Color, 
brown.  Opaque.  On  heating  in  a  tube  gives  off  ammoniacal  water  together 
with  the  odor  of  burned  horn. 

I.  1.9136  grms.  gave  : 

1.0200  grms.  of  Pyrophosphate  of  magnesia,  (for  P05). 


0.0018 

Silicic  acid. 

0.0340 

iC 

Sesquioxide  of  iron. 

0.0137 

(C 

Fluoride  of  calcium. 

0.0175 

ee 

Pyrophosphate  of  magnesia,  (for  MgO). 

1.6995 

tc 

Carbonate  of  lime. 

©.0504 

tt 

Chlorides  of  potassium  and  sodium. 

0.0127 

<c 

Platinum=0. 0096  chloride  of  potassium. 

294 


[February^ 


II. 


1.5776  grms.  gave : 
0.0090  grms.  of 
0.0086  “ 

0.0004  ££ 

0.0404  « 

0.0645  ££ 

0.0323  ££ 

0.0896  ££ 


Sulphate  of  baryta  and  silicic  acid,  which  contained 
Sulphate  of  baryta,  and 
Silicic  acid. 

Sulphate  of  baryta  (for  S03). 

Carbonic  acid. 

Water. 

Organic  matter. 


Specimen  2. — Tooth  of  Titanotherium. 

a.  Enamel.  Fibrous,  with  uneven  fracture.  Very  tough.  Hardness=4.7. 
Sp.  gr.=3.03  (at  20°C.)  Lustre,  surface  vitreous,  fibres  pearly.  Color  bluish 
gray. 


I. 


II. 


1.6226  grms.  gave : 
0.9966  grms.  of 
0.0079  “ 

0.0016  ££ 

0.0099  “ 

1.4999  “ 

0.0454  “ 

0.0081  “ 


Pyrophosphate  of  magnesia  (for  P05). 
Silicic  acid. 

Fluoride  of  calcium. 

Pyrophosphate  of  magnesia  (for  MgO.) 
Carbonate  of  lime. 

Chlorides  of  potassium  and  sodium. 
Platinum=0.0061  chloride  of  potassium. 


.8518  grms.  gave : 

0.0545  grms.  of  Sulphate  of  baryta  (for  S03). 
0.0023  ££  Silicic  acid. 


0.0586 

0.0116 

0.0470 


Carbonic  acid. 
Water. 

Organic  matter. 


Specimen  3. — Tooth  of  Titanotherium. 

b.  Dentine.  Compact.  Fracture  uneven,  somewhat  subconchoidal.  Hard- 
ness=2.5.  Sp.  gr.=2.93  (at  20°C.)  Lustre  dull.  Opaque.  Color  white,  with 
gray  spots  and  black  streaks.  Assumes  a  greenish  tint  when  heated  in  presence 
of  air,  owing  to  the  formation  of  manganic  acid. 


I.  2.0083  grms.  gave: 
1.1318  grms.  of 
0.0129  ££ 

0.0582  “ 

0.0297  « 

1.7829  “ 

0.0356  “ 


0.0095 


Pyrophosphate  of  magnesia  (for  P05). 
Silicic  acid. 

Fluoride  of  calcium. 

Pyrophosphate  of  magnesia  (for  MgO.) 
Carbonate  of  lime. 

Chlorides  of  potassium  and  sodium. 
Platinum=0.0072  chloride  of  potassium. 


II.  1.1643  grms.  gave: 

0.0509  grms.  of  Sulphate  of  baryta  (for  SO3) 
0.0018  ££  Silicic  acid. 

0.0330  ££  Carbonic  acid. 

0.0245  ££  Water. 


0.0310  ££  Organic  matter. 


Specimen  4. — Tibia  of  Archaeotherium. 

Compact.  Fracture  uneven,  somewhat  splintery.  Hardness  =  4.  Sp.  gr. 
=  2*82  (at  20®  C.)  Lustre  pearly.  Opaque.  Color,  pinkish  white.  Assumes 
a  greenish  tint  when  heated  in  the  presence  of  air.  The  cavities  contain  crys¬ 
tallizations  of  quartz,  and  sometimes  of  sulphate  of  baryta. 


I.  2T037  grms.  gave  : 

1*0243  grms.  of  Pyrophosphate  of  magnesia,  (for  P05.) 
0*1070  ££  Fluoride  of  calcium. 

0*0668  ££  Pyrophosphate  of  magnesia  (for  MgO.) 

1*7639  ££  Carbonate  of  lime. 

0*0714  ££  Chlorides  of  potassium  and  sodium. 

0*0122  ££  Platinum,  =  0  0092  chloride  of  potassium. 


1853.] 


295 


II.  1-7400  grms.  gave: 

0-0345  grms.  of  Sulphate  of  baryta  and  Sil.  acid,  which  contained 

0-0300  “  Sulphate  of  baryta,  and 

0-0045  (i  Silicic  acid. 

0-0814  <e  Sulphate  of  baryta,  (for  S03.) 

0-0395  <£  Carbonic  acid. 

0-0343  “  Water. 

0-0711  “  Organic  matter. 


The  analyses  gave  the  following  composition  : 


Spec.  1. 

Spec.  2. 

Spec.  3. 

Spec.  4. 

Fe2  03  . 

.  1-777 

trace 

trace 

trace. 

MnO  . 

.  trace 

trace 

trace 

trace. 

MgO  . 

.  0-348 

0-219 

0-53 

1-140 

CaO  . 

.  49-837 

51-872 

49-82 

47-052 

CaFl  . 

.  0-716 

0-099 

2-90 

5-086 

BaO  . 

.  0-359 

— 

— 

1-131 

NaO 

.  1-134 

1 .288 

0-75 

1-572 

KO 

.  0-317 

0-239 

0-23 

0-276 

Si03 

.  0-135 

0-611 

0-79 

0-259 

SO3  . 

.  1-067 

1-011 

1*51 

2-200 

P05  . 

.  34-148 

39-348 

36-10 

*32-957 

co2  . 

.  4-088 

3-165 

2-83 

2-270 

Cl 

.  trace 

trace 

trace 

trace. 

HO 

.  2-048 

0-626 

2-10 

1-971 

Org.  Mat. 

5-682 

2-538 

2-66 

4-086 

101-656 

which  may  be  considered  as 

101-016 

100-22 

100-00, 

Spec.  1. 

Spec.  2. 

Spec.  3. 

Spec.  4. 

2  Fe2  03,  3P05 

2-821 

— 

— 

— 

3  MgO,  P05 

.  0-770 

0-403 

0-98 

2-099 

3  CaO,  P05 

.  69-685 

83-835 

77-81 

68-582 

2  NaO,P05 

.  1-415 

1-413 

— 

1-079 

BaO,  S03 

.  0-547 

— 

— 

1.723 

NaO, S03  . 

.  1-083 

1-437 

1-71 

2-443 

KO,  S03  a 

.  0-587 

0-442 

0-43 

0-510 

CaO,  S03  . 

.  - 

— 

0-60 

— 

3  CaO,  Si03 

.  0-382 

1-727 

2-23 

0-732 

CaO,  C02  * 

.  9-315 

7-212 

6-45 

5-172 

CaO  a  .  . 

.  6-605 

1-284 

2-35 

6-517 

CaFl  .  .  . 

.  0-716 

0  099 

2-90 

5-086 

HO  .  .  . 

.  2-04S 

0-626 

2-10 

1-971 

Org.  Matter 

.  5-682 

2-538 

2-66 

4-086 

101-656 

101-016 

100-22 

100-000 

The  analyses  which  have  already  been  made  show  a  great  similarity  of  com¬ 
position  as  far  as  regards  the  inorganic  constituents  of  fossil  and  recent  bones 
of  mammalia,  a  fact  which  receives  still  farther  confirmation  from  the  above 
analyses.  In  some  few  points  it  will  be  noticed  that  the  inorganic  constitution 
of  these  specimens  differs  from  that  of  analyses  already  published.  This  dif¬ 
ference  may  be  accounted  for  by  the  effects  of  infiltration,  by  which  a  portion 
of  the  original  substances  may  have  been  washed  out,  wThilst  its  place  was  sup¬ 
plied  by  extraneous  matter.  All  the  analyses  show  an  excess  of  lime,  which 


*  As  a  small  quantity  of  phosphoric  acid  was  lost  in  its  determination,  the 
loss  in  the  analysis  was  calculated  as  phosphoric  acid. 

45 


296  [February, 

very  probably  exists  in  the  form  of  a  basic  lime  salt,  similar  to  compounds  well 
known  in  mineralogy. 

In  order  to  test  the  correctness  of  the  opinion  that  fossil  bones  contain  fluoride 
of  calcium  in  larger  proportion  than  recent  ones,  the  fluoride  of  calcium  was 
determined  with  the  greatest  care.  In  no  instance,  however,  was  so  large  a 
quantity  found  as  in  the  analyses  of  fossil  reptiles  by  Baumert,*  where  the 
quantity  of  fluoride  of  calcium  in  the  Zeuglodon  macrospondylus  amounts  to 
9-54  per  cent,  and  in  the  Hydrarchos  even  to  16*67  per  cent.  By  direct  deter¬ 
mination,  Heintzf  found  the  quantity  of  fluoride  of  calcium  in  two  human  bones 
to  be  2*97  and  2-05  per  cent ;  the  former  of  which  corresponds  almost  exactly 
with  the  quantity  found  in  the  dentine  of  Titanotherium.  In  the  tibia  of  the 
Archaeotherium,  a  portion  of  the  fluoride  of  calcium  may  have  been  introduced 
in  the  same  manner  as  the  quartz  and  sulphate  of  baryta. 


The  Committee  on  the  following  papers  by  Dr.  Grenth,  reported  in 
favor  of  Publication. 


On  a  new  variety  of  Gray  Copper ,  perhaps  a  neio  mineral • 

By  Dn.  F.  A.  Genth. 


Massive,  apparently  without  any  crystalline  structure.  H=4-5  ;  Sp.  Gr.  ?  ; 
color  nearly  iron-black,  when  in  very  thin  splinters  subtranslucent  with  cherry- 
red  color ;  streak  brownish  red ;  lustre  sub-metallic  ;  fracture  sub-conchoidal ; 
brittle. 

B.  B.  fuses  readily  =1  ;  gives  off  the  odor  of  arsenic  and  sulphurous  acid, 
leaving  incrustations  of  antimony  and  zinc  ;  with  carbonate  of  soda  on  charcoal 
yields  a  globule  of  silver  and  copper.  Soluble  in  nitro-hydrochloric  acid  with 
separation  of  chloride  of  silver. 

The  analysis  gave  the  following  composition : 

Silver  =  10.53  p.  c.  requires  1.57  S  for  Ag 


Copper  —  30-73 

Zinc  =  2.53 

Iron  =  1.42 

Arsenic  =  11.55 

Antimony  =  17.76 
Sulphur  =  25.48 


100.00 


7.80  S 
1.25  S 
0.81  S 
7.42  S 
6.63  S 

25.48 


“  Cu2 
“  Zn 
“  Fe 
“  As 
«  Sb 


s"l 

If 

sj 


11.43 


14.05 


It  is  found  at  McMackin’s  Mine,  Cabarras  County,  N.  C.,  but  rarely,  and  is 
associated  with  Iron  Pyrites,  Galena,  Blende,  Talc  and  Carbonate  of  Magnesia. 

The  sulphur  ratio  of  the  sulpho-bases  and  sulpho-acids  is  =11.43  :  14.05 

=  1:  1.23 

corresponding  with  the  formula  5  (Ag,  Cu2,  Zn  Fe)  S-f-2  (As,  Sb)  S3. 

I  had,  as  the  data  of  the  analysis  will  show,  but  a  very  small  quantity  of  the 
mineral,  and,  therefore,  although  this  formula  is  that  of  a  new  mineral,  I  am  un¬ 
willing  to  give  it  a  new  name,  until  more  of  it  will  be  found,  and  the  analysis 
repeated ;  at  present  it  is  preferable  to  consider  it  as  a  variety  of  gray  copper, 
whose  composition  is  expressed  by  the  formula  4RS-4-RS3. 

The  following  are  the  methods  and  data  of  the  analysis:  0.1330  grs.  were 
dissolved  in  nitro-hydrochloric  acid,  and  the  chloride  of  silver  filtered  after  di¬ 
luting  with  a  large  quantity  of  water.  It  gave  0.0140  grs.  metallic  silver.  The 
filtrate  was  evaporated  almost  to  dryness,  and  heated  with  sulphite  of  soda  ;  and, 
after  in  this  manner  the  arsenic  acid  had  been  reduced  to  arsenious  acid,  the  ex¬ 
cess  of  this  reagent  decomposed  by  hydrochloric  acid.  A  current  of  hydro- 


*  Liebig  und  Kopp,  Jahresbericht  fur  1851,  p.  594. 
j  Pogg.  Ann.  V.  77,  p.  267. 


1853.] 


297 


sulphuric  acid  was  then  passed  through  the  solutions  which  precipitated  sul¬ 
phides  of  copper,  of  arsenic  and  of  antimony.  This  precipitate  was  filtered  and 
treated  with  sulphide  of  ammonium.  The  remaining  sulphide  of  copper  was 
oxydized  by  nitric  acid,  and  the  oxide  precipitated  by  caustic  potash.  It  gave 
0.0512  grs. 

The  solution  containing  antimony  and  arsenic  was  boiled  with  hydrochloric 
acid  and  chlorate  of  potash,  then  tartaric  acid,  an  excess  of  chloride  of  ammo¬ 
nium  and  ammonia  added,  and  the  arsenic  acid  precipitated  by  sulphate  of  mag¬ 
nesia  as  arseniate  of  magnesia  and  ammonia.  From  the  quantity  of  magnesia  in 
this  double  salt  the  arsenic  was  found  by  calculation.  The  weight  of  magnesia 
was  0.0082  grs.  The  filtrate  from  the  sulphides  of  copper,  arsenic  and  antimony 
was  oxydized  by  nitric  acid,  and  the  sesquioxide  of  iron  precipitated  by  ammo¬ 
nia;  it  was  0.0027  grs.;  the  zinc  was  thrown  down  from  the  filtrate  of  iron  by 
sulphide  of  ammonium,  and  gave  0.0042  grs.  oxide  of  zinc. 

Sulphur  and  antimony  were  determined  from  the  loss,  and  by  calculation. 


On  Owenite ,  a  new  Mineral. 
By  Dr.  F.  A.  Genth. 


Formula — 2(3RO,  Si03  )+(3R203,  Si03)+6H0. 

Massive  ;  aggregate  of  minute  scales  ;  cleavage  distinct  in  one  direction. 

H.  =  2-5;  Sp.  Gr.  (at  20°  C.)  =  3*197  ;  lustre  pearly;  color  olive  green; 
streak  paler ;  very  tough ;  fracture  subconchoidal ;  the  powder  greasy  to  the 
touch ;  odor  argillaceous. 

B.B.  fuses  easily  =  3;  and  gives  an  iron-black  magnetic  globule;  with  borax 
gives  the  reactions  of  iron,  and  with  soda  slightly  those  of  manganese.  Yields 
water  in  the  matrass.  Dissolves  in  hydrochloric  acid. 

Mr.  Peter  Keyser  has  analysed  it  in  my  laboratory,  and  found  the  following 
composition : 


Silicic  Acid 
Sesquioxide  of  Iron 
Alumina 
Oxide  of  Iron 
Oxide  of  Manganese 
Magnesia  . 

Lime 

Soda 

Potash 

Water  .  . 


I.  II. 

23-101  23-317 

13-895  13-881 

15-532  15-642 

34-578 
trace. 

1-159  1-371 

0-286  0-431 

0-410 
0-076 

10-835  10-354 


Mean. 

23-21 

13-89 

15-59 

34-58 


Contains  Oxygen. 
12-05 

7-68] 


1-26 

0-36 

0-41 

0-08 

10-59 


0-49  I 
0-10  f 
0-11 


8-39 


0-01  J 

9-42 


99-872  100-060 


Found  at  Harper’s  Ferry,  Virginia,  in  metamorphic  rocks  with  quartz.  It 
has  impressions  of  Dolomite. 

The  name  is  given  in  honor  of  D.  D.  Owen,  M.  D.,  U.  S.  Geologist. 

The  ratio  of  the  oxygen  of  RO  -.  R203  :  Si03  :  HO,  is : 

8-39  :  11-45  :  12-05  :  9-42 

•1  :  1-36  :  1-43  :  1-12,  or  very  near 

•1  :  1-50  :  1-50  :  1-00,  corresponding  with  the  formula 

2  (3  RO,  Si03)  -f.  (3  R203,  Si03)  -4-6  HO. 

The  Owenite  is  closely  allied  to  some  other  minerals,  viz.  Aphrosiderite  and 
Thuringite.  All  three  resemble  each  other  very  much,  and  only  by  chemical 
examination  their  difference  can  be  detected. 

Aphrosiderite  is  a  mineral  not  generally  known ;  found  at  several  localities 
in  Nassau,  and  first  distinguished  from  earthy  chlorite  by  Fridolin  Sandberger, 


‘298 


[February, 


who  gave  an  analysis  of  it  in  his  “  Uebersicht  der  geol.  Verhiiltnisse  des  Herzog- 
thums  Nassau  but  without  calculating  its  formula.  He  found  that  it  contains  : 


Silicic  Acid  = 

26*45  contains 

Oxygen  = 

13*73 

2*00 

Alumina 

21*25 

tt 

it 

9*93 

1*44 

Oxide  of  iron 
Magnesia 

44*24 

1*06 

tt 

tt 

tt 

tt 

o^}10'23 

1*49 

Water 

7*74 

it 

tt 

6*88 

1*00 

100*74 

This  ratio  leads  to  the  formula  :  3(3RO,  SiC^-HS  A1203,  Si03)+6  HO. 
Breithaupt’s  Thuringite  is,  according  to  an  analysis  of  Rammelsberg,  3(3RO, 
Si03)+  (2  F e203,  Si03)+9  HO.* 

These  three  minerals  are  therefore : 

Owenite  2(3RO,  Si03)+(3R203)  Si03)-f6  HO. 

Aphrosiderite  3(3RO,  Si03) (3  Al2  03,  Si03)-}-6  HO. 
Thuringite  3(3RO,  Si03)-f(2  Fe2  03,  Si03)  -f  9  HO. 

The  following  are  the  data  of  Mr.  Keysets  analyses,  and  the  methods  used 
for  the  determination  of  the  different  constituents  : 


I. 


II. 

III. 

IV. 
V. 


2.0770 

0.4798 

1.0865 

0.3226 

0.0670 

0.0106 

0.0185 

0.0033 

1.2898 

0.4056 

1.8920 

0.2050 

1.1542 

0.1195 

1.3668 

0.3187 

0.7148 

0.2138 

0.0495 

0.0105 


Grammes  of  the  mineral  gave  : 

££  Silicic  acid. 

££  Sesquioxide  of  iron. 

££  Alumina. 

££  Pyrophosphate  of  magnesia. 

££  Carbonate  of  lime. 

“  Chloride  of  potassium  and  sodium. 

ee  Platinum  =  0.0025  chloride  of  potassium. 

££  gave : 

££  Gold. 

££  gave : 

Water. 

gave  : 

Water. 

gave : 

Silicic  acid. 

Sesquioxide  of  iron. 

Alumina. 

Pyrophosphate  of  magnesia. 

Carbonate  of  lime. 


I.  The  finely  powdered  mineral  was  dissolved  in  hydrochloric  acid,  and  silica 
separated  in  the  usual  way,  with  the  necessary  precautions.  In  the  filtrate  the 
oxide  of  iron  was  higher  oxydized  by  nitric  acid,  and  sesquioxide  of  iron  and 
alumina  precipitated  by  ammonia;  an  excess  of  acetic  acid  was  added  to  the  pre¬ 
cipitate  and  repeatedly  evaporated  to  dryness  in  a  water  bath.  In  this  manner 
the  acetates  of  iron  and  alumina  were  decomposed,  and  sesquioxide  of  iron 
and  alumina  separated  from  the  soluble  acetates  by  filtration.  Alumina 
and  iron  were  separated  by  caustic  potash.  Lime  precipitated  from  the  acetates 
by  oxalate  of  ammonia.  The  filtrate  containing  magnesia  and  alkalies  was 
evaporated  to  dryness,  and  heated  until  the  ammoniacal  salts  were  expelled ;  from 
the  residue  the  magnesia  was  separated  from  the  alkalies  by  oxide  of  mercury  ; 
the  chlorides  of  alkalies  were  weighed  together  and  afterwards  separated  by 
bichloride  of  platinum. 

II.  The  mineral  was  dissolved  in  hydrochloric  acid  and  cooled,  while  a 
constant  current  of  carbonic  acid  passed  over  it,  in  order  to  prevent  the  oxi¬ 
dation  of  oxide  of  iron  by  atmospheric  air  ;  then  a  sufficient  quantity  of  ter- 
chloride  of  gold  and  sodium  was  added,  and  the  reduced  gold  filtered  after  24 


Rammelsberg  Handworterbuch,  etc.,  Supplement  III. 


299 


1853.] 

hours5  standing.  From  the  weight  of  gold  the  quantity  of  oxide  of  iron  was 
found  by  calculation. 

III.  and  IV.  For  the  determination  of  water,  the  mineral  was  exposed  to  a 
bright  red  heat  in  a  well  covered  platinum  crucible.  The  loss  in  weight  gave 
the  quantity  of  water;  but  this  wras  always  a  little  too  low,  because  a  small 
quantity  of  oxide  of  iron  was  found  to  have  higher  oxydized; 

V.  In  analysis  V  the  silica  was  separated  as  above,  then  the  filtrate  oxydized 
by  nitric  acid  and  alumina,  with,  sesquioxide  of  iron  precipitated  by  ammonia. 
The  precipitate  was  boiled  with  caustic  potash  in  a  silver  vessel,  and  thus  ses¬ 
quioxide  of  iron  was  separated  from  alumina.  The  precipitate  of  sesquioxide  of 
iron  was  dissolved  in  hydrochloric  acid  and  precipitated  by  ammonia.  The 
filtrate  of  it  containing  still  a  small  quantity  of  magnesia  was  added  to  the 
liquid  containing  lime  and  magnesia.  The  lime  was  precipitated  by  oxalate  of 
ammonia,  and  from  the  filtrate  of  oxalate  of  lime,  the  magnesia  by  phosphate  of 
soda. 


The  Committee  on  Mr.  Cassin’s  description  of  a  new  Scalops,  reported 
in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings. 

Description  of  a,  new  Mole  of  the  genus  Scalops ,  from  Oregon  ;  a  specimen  of 
which  is  in  the  collection  of  the  'Exploring  Expedition  made  by  the  77.  jS.  Ships 
Vincennes  and  Peacock ,  under  the  command  of  Captain  Charles  Wilkes ,  of  the 
United  States  Navy. 

By  John  Cassin. 

Scalops  ;eneus,  nobis. 

Dentition. — Upper  jaw,  after  the  two  incisors,  having  on  each  side  seven 
false  molars,  which  are  pointed  and  nearly  equal,  except  the  last,  which  is 
double  the  size  of  either  of  the  others,  and  has  a  small  exterior  basal  lobe. 
Molars  three,  the  first  with  four  external  lobes,  the  anterior  being  very  small, 
the  second  large  and  pointed,  the  third  short,  blunt  and  deeply  emarginate,  the 
fourth  lobe  also  blunt  and  short ;  besides  these  the  first  molar  has  one  interior 
and  one  posterior  lobe,  second  molar  with  three  short  external  lobes,  the  in¬ 
termediate  one  emarginate;  also  two  interior  large  and  pointed,  and  one  posterior 
similar  to  the  interior  lobe ;  third  molar  with  two  short  external  lobes,  the  pos¬ 
terior  one  emarginate,  and  two  interior  lobes  and  one  posterior  lobe. 

Lower  jaw  with  two  incisors  on  each  side,  the  anterior  of  which  is  the 
shorter ;  these  are  followed  by  six  false  molars,  which  are  pointed  and  nearly 
equal  in  size,  except  the  last,  which  is  much  larger  and  furnished  with  a  minute 
posterior  lobe  at  the  base.  Molars  three,  each  deeply  sulcate  on  the  external 
surface  and  composed  of  two  large  external  lobes  and  three  smaller  and  shorter 
internal  lobes. 

Dimensions. — Total  length  (of  specimen  in  spirits)  about  5  inches  ;  head  2, 
fore  feet  1.15,  hind  feet  1.40,  tail  1.25  inches  ;  first  and  fifth  toes  of  fore  feet 
equal,  second  shorter,  first  and  fifth  toes  of  the  hind  feet  equal,  other  three 
nearly  so. 

Colors. — Entirely  shining,  brassy  brown,  very  glossy,  and  in  some  lights  ap¬ 
pearing  to  be  almost  metallic  ;  darker  on  the  top  of  the  head,  and  lighter  and 
more  obscure  on  the  chin  and  throat ;  nose  dusky ;  feet  brownish ;  nails  and  first 
joint  of  the  toes  black ;  palms  dusky ;  soles  of  the  hind  feet  dark  brown  ;  tail 
light  brown,  thinly  furnished  with  scattering  bristles. 

Obs. — This  is  the  most  beautiful  species  of  mole  yet  discovered  in  America, 
and  exhibits  almost  the  brilliancy  of  color  which  distinguishes  the  remarkable 
South  African  animals  which  form  the  genus  Chrysochloris,  of  this  family. 

A  single  specimen,  apparently  fully  adult,  is  in  the  collection  of  the  Exploring 
Expedition,  labelled  as  having  been  obtained  in  Oregon.  In  its  dentition  and 
otherwise  it  is  a  strict  congener  of  Scalops  Townsendii,  but  is  much  smaller  and 
of  a  different  color.  Its  black  claws  are  especially  remarkable,  and  distinguish 
it  from  all  other  species  of  the  genus. 


300 


[February, 


The  Committee  on  the  following  paper  by  Prof.  Baird  and  Mr. 
Girard  reported  in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings. 


List  of  Reptiles  collected  in  California  by  Dr.  John  L.  Le  Conte3  with  description 

of  new  Species. 

By  S.  F.  Baird  and  Charles  Girard. 

The  following  species  of  reptiles  were  collected  by  Dr.  Le  Conte,  during  a 
scientific  exploration  of  California  made  in  1830-51.  As  in  his  previous  travels 
through  various  parts  of  North  America,  Dr.  Le  Conte,  in  addition  to  the  Co- 
leoptera  which  attracted  his  especial  attention,  collected  in  other  departments  of 
Natural  History,  making  additions  of  greater  or  less  extent  in  all. 

The  present  enumeration,  although  containing  all  the  species  brought  home 
by  Dr.  Le  Conte,  gives  no  idea  of  the  numbers  actually  collected.  Owing  to 
the  breaking  of  several  jars  and  the  difficulty  of  transportation,  many  valuable 
species  were  lost,  especially  from  the  Colorado  and  from  San  Diego. 

The  Batrachians  from  San  Francisco  were  collected  in  February,  1850  ;  the 
specimens  from  San  Jose  in  April,  and  those  from  San  Diego  in  May  to  Septem¬ 
ber  of  the  same  year.  Bufo  halophila  was  found  at  Benicia  in  August,  and 
Rena  humilis  at  Yallecitas  in  October.  The  Colorado  specimens  were  mostly 
collected  in  November,  1850,  and  October,  1851.* 

OPHIDIANS. 

1.  Crotalus  lttcifer??  B.  and  G.  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.,  Phila.,  xi.  1852. 

Dab. — San  Diego,  Cal.  Owing  to  the  imperfect  condition  of  the  specimen, 

(a  dried  skin,)  it  has  been  impossible  to  state  to  what  species  this  belongs.  We 
have,  however,  provisionally  referred  it  to  the  above,  as  the  one  to  which  it 
bears  the  closest  resemblance. 

2.  Eutainia  ordinotdes,  B.  and  G.  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.,  Phila.,  vi.,  1852, 

176,  and  Cat.  N.  Amer.  Rept.,  I,  1853. 

From  San  Francisco. 

3.  Bascanion  vetustus,  B.  and  G.  Cat.  N.  Amer.  Rept.,  I,  1853. 

From  San  Jose. 

4.  Pituophis  annectens,  B.  and  G.  Cat.  N.  Amer.  Rept.,  I,  1853. 

San  Diego. 

5.  Rhinocheilus  Lecontei,  B  and  G.  Cat.  N.  Amer.  Rept.,  I,  1853. 

San  Diego. 

6.  Contea  mitis,  B.  and  G.  Cat.  N.  Amer.  Rept.,  I,  1853. 

From  San  Jose. 

7.  Diadophis  amabilis,  B.  and  G.  Cat.  N.  Amer.  Rept.,  I,  1853. 

From  San  Jose. 

8.  Rena  humilis,  B.  and  G.  Cat.  N.  Amer.  Rept.,  I,  1853. 

From  Yallecitas,  Cal. 


*  It  is  proper  to  remark,  that  besides  the  strong  friendship  manifested  towards 
me  and  towards  the  objects  of  my  journey,  by  all  the  officers  stationed  at  the 
military  posts  which  I  visited,  especial  facilities  were  afforded  by  Major  W.  H. 
Emory,  then  in  charge  of  the  American  Boundary  Commission,  whose  valuable 
explorations  in  those  desert  regions  have  already  contributed  so  much  to  science, 
and  whose  labors,  I  am  happy  to  say,  are  still  further  illustrated  by  the  collec¬ 
tions  made  by  me. — J.  L.  Lee. 


1853.] 


301 


SAURIANS. 

1.  Crotaphytus  dorsalis,  B.  and  G.,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.,  Philad.  vi., 
1852,  126. 

F rom  the  desert  of  Colorado. 

2.  Sceloporus  Occident alis,  B.  and  G.,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  Philad.  vi., 
1852,  175. 

From  San  Francisco. 

3.  Uta  Stansburiana,  B.  and  G.,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.,  Philad.,  vi.,  1852, 
69,  and  Stansbury’s  Expl.  of  Valley  of  Great  Salt  Lake,  1852,  345,  pi.  5, 
fig.  4 — 6. 

4.  LTta  ornata,  B.  and  G.,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.,  Philad.,  vi.,  1852,  126. 

From  San  Diego  and  San  Francisco. 

5.  Piirynosoma  coronatum,  Blainv. — Girard  in  Stansbury’s  Expl.  of  Valley 
of  Great  Salt  Lake,  1852,  Append.  C.  360,  pi.  8,  fig.  7 — 12. 

From  San  Diego. 

6.  Cnemidophorus  gracilis,  B.  and  G.,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.,  Philad.,  vi., 
1852,  128. 

From  the  Desert  of  Colorado. 

7.  Elgaria  scincicauda,  B.  and  G.,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.,  Philad.,  vi.,  1852, 
69  ;  and  in  Stansbury’s  Expl.  Valley  of  Great  Salt  Lake,  1852,  348,  pi.  4,  figs. 
1—3. 

From  California. 

8.  Plestiodon  Skiltonianum,  B.  and  G.,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.,  Philad.,  vi., 
1852,  69 ;  and  in  Stansbury’s  Expl.  of  Valley  of  Great  Salt  Lake,  1852,  349, 
pi.  4,  figs.  4 — 6. 

From  San  Diego. 

9.  Anniella  pulchra,  Gray,  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  No.  60,  1852,  440. 

San  Diego. 

BATRACHIANS. 

1.  Bufo  halophila,  B.  and  G. — Above  dark  brown,  beneath  reddish  brown, 
minutely  blotched  with  black.  A  narrow  pale  ventral  line  from  snout  to 
coccyx.  A  broad  patch  of  dull  reddish  extending  a  little  obliquely  from  the 
eye  to  the  edge  of  the  mouth,  narrowing  below. 

Hab.  Benicia.  Frequenting  the  edges  of  the  sea,  and  jumping  into  the  water 
when  pursued.* 

2.  Hyla  regilla,  B.  and  G.,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.,  Philad.,  vi.  1852,  174. 

Syn.  Hyla  scapularis,  Hallow.,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.,  Philad.  vi.,  1852,  183. 

Hab.  San  Francisa  or  San  Francisco. 

3.  Litoria  occidentalis,  B.  and  G. — Throat  smooth.  Abdomen,  sides  of 
body  and  lower  surface  of  thighs  granulated.  Tympanum  very  small.  Fingers 
almost  or  entirely  free  ;  toes  slightly  webbed  at  the  base  ;  extremities  of  both 
not  dilated.  Color  above  pale  chestnut,  with  obscure  or  obsolete  blotches  of 
darker.  Beneath  white.  A  few  cross  bands  on  the  outside  of  the  legs.  A 
dark  chestnut  line  beginning  at  the  nostril,  passes  back  through  the  eye,  behind 
which  it  widens  so  as  to  include  the  tympanum,  stopping  just  above  the  insertion 
of  the  arm.  One  or  two  oblique  blotches  of  dark  chestnut  on  each  side. 

Body  1  l-16th  inches  long ;  hind  leg  extended  1£  inch. 

Hab.  San  Francisco. 

4.  Rana  Lecontii,  B.  and  G. — Snout  moderately  pointed.  Tympanum  very 
small,  scarcely  more  than  half  the  width  of  the  eye.  Skin  quite  smooth.  A 

♦Compare  the  habits  of  Leiuperus  salarius  Bell,  Voy.  of  Beagle,  Zool.  Rept. 
39,  (Lee.) 


302  [February, 

broad  fold  of  skin  on  each  side  from  head  to  hind  legs.  Longest  toe  scarcely 
webbed  beyond  the  penultimate  joint. 

Above  dark  olive,  with  rather  large  circular  black  blotches  distributed  pretty 
uniformly,  though  smaller  on  the  sides.  Each  spot  is  lighter  in  the  centre. 
Beneath  yellow,  marbled  with  dark  brown,  thickly  crowded  except  about  the 
groins.  A  pale  greenish  line  extends  from  just  below  the  eye  to  the  shoulder. 
Hind  limbs  broadly  barred  with  dark  brown.  Lateral  cuticular  fold  paler,  a 
black  blotch  at  the  base  of  the  arm  in  front. 

Darker  above  and  below,  smoother,  and  with  the  snout  more  acute  than  in 
Hana  Daytonii. 

Length  2k  inches.  Hind  limbs  3J. 

Ilab.  San  Francisco. 

5.  Aneides  lugubris  Baird.  Iconographic  Encyclopaedia,  II,  1859,  (1st  ed.) 
256.  Salamandra  lugubris ,  Hallow.,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.,  Phila.,  IV.,  1848, 
12G. 

Hah. — San  Francisco. 

6.  Batrachoseps  attenuata  Bon.  Fauna  ital.,  1841.  Baird,  Journ.  Acad. 
Nat.  Sc.,  Phila.,  I,  1849, 2S8.  Salamandra  attenuata ,  Eschsch.  Zool.  atl.,  1853, 
pi.  xxi.  fig.  1 — 14. 

Ilab. — San  Francisco. 

7.  Taricha  l^ivis  B.  and  G.  Allied  to  T.  torosa  Gray,  but  smoother,  having 
but  slight  indications  of  granulations.  Tail  very  much  compressed,  with  a 
fringe  along  the  whole  upper  edge  and  the  posterior  half  of  the  lower.  Color 
above  dark  purplish  brown,  beneath  bright  yellow,  the  line  of  demarcation  very 
distinct.  Body  3  inches  long  ;  tail  4£. 

Hab . — San  Francisco. 


The  Committee  on  a  paper  by  the  Key.  Mr.  Berkley  and  the  Key. 
M.  A.  Curtis,  on  the  11  Exotic  Fungi  from  the  Schweinitzian  Herbarium, 
&e.,”  reported  in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Journal. 

The  Report  of  the  Corresponding  Secretary  was  read  and  adopted. 


ELECTION. 

Mr.  H.  Cooper  Hanson,  of  Philadelphia,  was  elected  a  Member  of  the 
Academy. 


1853.] 


303 


March  ls£,  1853.  « 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

Letters  were  read — 

From  the  Royal  Society  of  Sciences  of  Stockholm,  dated  20th  Oct., 
1852,  transmitting  recent  Nos.  of  its  publications  acknowledged  this 
evening. 

From  the  same,  of  same  date,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  late  Nos. 
of  the  Proceedings  of  the  Academy,  and  requesting  others  deficient  in 
it ^  series. 

From  the  Royal  Academy  of  Sciences  at  Amsterdam,  dated  5th  Nov. 

1852,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  the  Proceedings,  &c. 

From  the  “  Acad.  C.  L.  C.  Natur®  Curiosorum,”  dated  Breslau,  Nov. 
20,  1852,  transmitting  the  volume  of  its  “Nova  Acta,”  announced 
this  evening. 

From  “L’Ecole  des  Mines,”  Paris,  dated  6th  Jan.  1852,  requesting 
certain  Nos.  of  the  Journal  and  Proceedings  of  the  Academy  deficient 
in  its  series. 

From  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  dated  "Washington,  Feb.  16, 

1853,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  the  Proceedings  Vol.  6,  No.  6,  and 
Journal  Vol.  2,  Part  3. 

From  the  Secretary  of  the  Troy  (N.  Y.)  Young  Men's  Associa¬ 
tion,  dated  Feb.  21,  1853,  requesting,  for  that  Institution,  the  publica¬ 
tions  of  the  Academy. 


March  8th. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

Dr.  Leidy  called  the  attention  of  the  members  to  several  fossil  fragments 
found  in  association  with  the  remains  of  Megalonyx,  &c.  in  the  neighborhood 
of  Natchez,  Mississippi. 

One  of  the  specimens  is  half  of  a  lower  jaw  containing  several  teeth,  of  which 
the  bone  is  enveloped  in  a  thick  layer  of  peroxide  of  iron.  It  belonged  to  a 
species  of  CJrsus,  and  presents  no  difference  in  size  or  otherwise  from  that  of 
the  common  Black  Bear. 

Two  others,  consisting  of  a  penultimate  superior  molar,  and  a  fragment  of  a 
lower  jaw  containing  the  last  molar,  "were  referred  to  a  new  species  of  Bear, 
under  the  name  of  Ursus  amplidens.  The  fragment  of  lower  jaw  is  even  less 
in  size  than  the  corresponding  portion  in  the  Black  Bear,  while  the  twro  teeth 
mentioned  are  very  nearly  as  large  as  the  corresponding  ones  in  the  Grizzly 
Bear.  The  comparative  dimensions  are  as  follows  : 


U.  americanus.  U.  ferox. 

1 

U. amplidens. 

Depth  of  lower  jaw  belowr  the  last  molar 
Antero-posterior  diameter  of  last  lower 

39  m.  m.  50  m.  m. 

34  m.  m. 

molar . 

15  m.  m.  !20  m.  m. 

19  m.  m. 

Transverse  ditto . 

Antero-posterior  diameter  of  supra- 

12  m.  m.  J 14  m.  m. 

14  m.  m. 

penultimate  molar  .... 

19  m.  m.  21  m.  m. 

1  1 

21  m.  m. 

PROCEED.  ACAD.  NAT.  SCI.  OF  PHILADELPHIA. — VOL.  VI.  NO.  VIII.  47 


304 


[March, 


March  15  th. 

Vice-President  Wetherill  in  the  Chair. 

A  letter  was  read  from  Mr.  Jacob  S.  Miller,  of  Philadelphia,  dated 
March  1,  1858,  offering  to  present  to  the  Academy  the  Gun  of  the  late 
Alexander  Wilson,  the  Ornithologist.  Referred  to  the  Curator.-. 

Also  a  letter  from  Lieut.  M.  F.  Maury,  dated  National  Observatory, 
Washington,  March  10,  1853,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  his  notice 
of  election  as  a  Correspondent. 

And  a  communication  from  the  same,  containing  observations  on 
Atmospheric  Pressure,  which  was  read  and  referred  to  a  Committee 
consisting  of  Dr.  Ruschenberger,  Dr.  Elwyn  and  Dr.  Bridges. 

A  letter  was  read  from  Dr.  H.  Gibbons,  dated  San  Francisco,  Dec. 
31,  1852,  transmitting  the  specimens  of  fruit  and  leaves  of  Podocarpus, 
the  donation  of  which  was  acknowledged  at  a  previous  meeting. 

On  motion  of  Mr  Vaux,  it  was  Resolved,  That  a  Committee  be  ap¬ 
pointed  to  ascertain  at  what  price  the  Collection  of  Crania  belonging  to 
the  Estate  of  the  late  Dr.  Morton  could  be  purchased  for  the  Academy, 
and  also  whether  that  amount  could  be  raised  by  subscription.  Com¬ 
mittee — Mr.  Vaux,  Dr.  C.  D.  Meigs  and  Mr.  John  Cooke. 


March  29 th. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

The  Committee  on  Dr.  Iloy’s  “  Notes  on  the  Ornithology  of  Wis¬ 
consin,”  reported  in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings. 

Notes  on  the  Ornithology  of  Wisconsin* 

By  P.  R.  Hoy,  M.  D.,  of  Ricine,  Wisconsin. 

With  few  exceptions,  the  facts  contained  in  the  following  brief  Notes  were 
obtained  from  personal  observations  made  within  15  miles  of  Racine,  Wisconsin, 
lat.  N.  42°  42';  long.  W.  88°.  This  city  is  situated  on  the  western  shore  of 
Lake  Michigan,  at  the  extreme  southern  point  of  the  heavy  timbered  district 
where  the  great  prairies  approach  near  the  lake  from  the  west,  and  is  a  remark¬ 
ably  favorable  position  for  ornithological  investigations.  It  would  appear  that 
this  is  a  grand  point,  a  kind  of  rendezvous,  that  birds  make  during  their  migra¬ 
tions.  Here,  within  the  last  seven  years,  I  have  noticed  283  species  of  birds, 
about  one-twentieth  of  all  known  to  naturalists,  many  of  which,  considered 
rare  in  other  sections,  are  found  here  in  the  greatest  abundance.  It  will  be  seen 
that  a  striking  peculiarity  of  the  ornithological  fauna  of  this  section  is,  fhat 
southern  birds  go  further  north  in  summer,  while  northern  species  go  further 
south  in  winter  than  they  do  east  of  the  great  lakes. 

[*  Indicates  those  known  to  nest  within  ihe  State.] 

VULTURIN-'E,  (1  species.) 

*Cathartes  aura,  Linn. 

Found  occasionally  as  far  north  as  Lake  Winnebago,  lat.  44°.  More 
numerous  near  the  Mississippi  River. 

FALCONID.E,  (i9  species.) 

*Aqujlv  curys^tos,  Linn. 

I  have  a  fine  specimen,  shot  near  Racine,  Dec.  1S03. 


1853.] 


30-5 


It  is  a  fact  worthy  of  note  that  this  noble  eagle,  in  the  absence  of  rocky  cliffs 
for  its  eyrie,  does  occasionally  nest  on  trees-.  One  instance  occurred  between 
Racine  and  Milwaukee,  in  1851.  The  nest  was  fixed  in  the  triple  forks  of  a 
a  large  oak. 

Halijstcs  Washingtonii,  And. 

I  procured,  in  1850,  a  living  bird  that  had  been  slightly  wounded,  which 
answered  to  Audubon’s  description  of  this  doubtful  species.  I  kept  it  in  an 
ample  cage  upwards  of  two  years,  but  before  its  death  it  underwent  changes  in 
plumage  which  led  me  to  believe  that,  had  it  lived,  it  would  have  proved  to  be 
the  white-headed  species.  I  put  several  species  of  hawks  and  owls  into  the 
same  apartment,  several  of  which  the. eagle  killed  and  devoured  without  cere¬ 
mony.  When  a  fowl  was  introduced,  he  pounced  upon  it,  and  without  attempting 
to  kill,  proceeded  to  pluck  it  with  the  greatest  unconcern,  notwithstanding  its 
piteous  screams  and  struggles. 

It  is  my  opinion  that  the  Bird  of  Washington  will  prove  to  be  only  an  unusually 
marked  large  and  fine  immature  white-headed  eagle.  My  specimen,  a  female, 
measured  7£  ft.  in  alar  extent. 

*Halletus  leucoceph alus,  Linn. 

Numerous  throughout  the  State.  I  have  seen  one  of  these  fine  birds  pounce 
upon  and  capture  a  fish  in  the  lake.  The  eagle  did  not  disappear  wholly  under 
the  water,  which  led  me  to  suspect  that  the  fish  was  in  some  way  disabled. 
*Pandion  haluetus,  Linn. 

Not  uncommon. 

*Falco  PEREGRim  s,  Gmel. 

This  noble  falcon  is  frequently  met  with,  although  not  so  numerous  as  many 
other  hawks.  A  pair  nested  for  several  years  within  ten  miles  of  this  city; 
constructing  their  nest  on  the  top  of  a  large  red  beech-tree. 

I  have  seen  one  of  these  daring  hawks  make  a  swoop  into  a  flock  of  blue¬ 
winged  teal,  killing  two  on  the  spot. 

*Falco  columbarius,  Linn. 

This  active  little  falcon  is  numerous,  especially  in  spring  and  fall,  during  the 
migration  of  the  smaller  birds.  A  few  nest  with  us,  many  more  in  the  pine 
forests  of  the  northern  part  of  the  State.  Those  that  nest  in  this  vicinity  regu¬ 
larly  morning  and  evening  visit  the  lake  shore,  in  quest  of  bank  swallows, 
which  they  seize  with  great  dexterity  while  on  the  wring. 

Fauco  jERALOX,  Gmel. 

1  have  met  with  three  individuals  of  this  small  species,  Nov.  loth,  1819, 
Dec.  25th,  1850,  and  Dec.  12th,  1852. 

*Faeco  srARVEBius,  Linn. 

Common. 

*AsrUR  ATRICAPILLUS,  Wilson. 

This  daring  and  powerful  hawk  is  to  be  found  at  all  seasons ;  the  old  birds 
only  remain  during  winter,  the  young  retiring  further  south.  The  young  are  so- 
different  in  their  plumage  from  the  old  birds,  that  few  would  suspect  their 
identity  ;  they  are  more  bold  and  daring,  much  more  destructive  to  the  poultry 
yards  than  the  more  sly  and  cautious  old  ones — a  peculiarity  not,  however,  con¬ 
fined  to  this  species. 

*Astur  Cooperii,  Bonap. 

Not  uncommon.  They  destroy  many  quails  and  young  grouse,  which,  toge¬ 
ther  with  poultry,  constitute  their  principal  fare.  They  construct  their  nests 
on  the  top  of  large  trees,  in  the  most  secluded  situations,  and  leave  us  at  the 
approach  of  winter. 

*Astuk  fuscos,  Gmel. 

Common.  Nest  here  about  the  middle  of  April. 

IcTINEA  PLUM  BE  A,  Gmel. 

I  saw  a  single  specimen  of  this  southern  kite  on  Rock  River  in  this  State, 
in  July,  1846.  It  is  occasionally  met  with  on  the  Mississippi  River. 


306 


[March, 


*Nauclerus  furcates,  Linn. 

This  kite  was  numerous  within  ten  miles  of  Racine,  where  they  nested  up  to 
the  year  1848,  since  which  time  they  have  abandoned  this  region.  I  have  not 
seen  one  since  1850.  They  nested  on  tall  elm  trees  about  the  10th  of  June, 
and  left  us  about  the  1st  of  September. 

*Buteo  lagopus,  Wilson. 

Not  numerous.  I  have  repeatedly  seen  this  buzzard  soar  to  great  heights, 
notwithstanding  the  testimony  of  some  ornithologists  to  the  contrary.  They 
are  in  the  habit,  wrhile  in  pursuit  of  mice,  frogs,  &c.,  of  balancing  themselves 
over  marshy  situations  on  the  prairies.  If  not  successful,  they  sail  off’  to  other 
more  suitable  grounds,  and  renew  the  same  motion.  When  they  espy  the 
quarry,  they  dart  directly  upon  it4in  the  manner  of  the  true  falcon.  Where  there 
are  trees,  they  may  adopt  a  different  mode  of  hunting.  My  observations  apply 
to  the  prairies. 

*Boteo  borealis,  Gmel. 

Common.  They  do  not  remain  with  us  during  severe  winters.  I  have  a  fine 
albino  specimen  of  this  species.  Although  pure  white,  the  irides  were  yellow. 
This  individual  was  known  to  inhabit  a  particular  district  in  Huron  Co.,  Ohio, 
for  ten  years.  Although  I  had  offered  a  liberal  reward  for  the  capture  of  the 
“  white  hawk,”  it  was  several  years  before  I  succeeded  in  getting  him. 

Buteo  vulgaris,  Willoughby . 

Not  numerous.  One  of  our  winter  residents. 

*Buteo  penns  ylvanicus,  Wilson. 

Common. 

*Buteo  lineatus,  Gmel. 

This  noisy  species  is  extremely  numerous.  The  great  number  of  hawks,  of 
this  and  other  species,  that  are  often  seen  soaring  in  company  during  fine  wea¬ 
ther,  about  the  20th  of  September,  at  which  time  they  are  migrating  south,  is 
almost  incredible. 

*Cincus  cyaneus,  Linn. 

Common.  They  build  their  nests  entirely  of  grasses  (carex,)  placed  on  the 
ground  in  the  middle  of  swampy  marshes.  Nest  about  the  1st  of  June. 

STRIGINiE,  (14  species.) 

Surnia  funerea,  Gmel. 

A  few  visit  us  every  winter. 

Surnia  nyctea,  Linn. 

Numerous  on  the  prairies  fropi  November  to  March. 

*Scops  asio,  Linn. 

Common.  In  the  month  of  June  I  caught  four  young  ones  just  as  they  were 
about  leaving  the  nest.  They  were  a  deep  reddish  brown,  in  all  respects 
similar  to  the  old  female  which  I  shot  at  the  time,  and  have  preserved. 

*Scofs  NiEviA,  Gmel. 

Common.  I  am  not  yet  satisfied  that  the  mottled  and  red  owls  are  specifically 
the  same. 

*Bubo  virginianus,  Gmel. 

One  of  our  most  numerous  species.  I  once  put  a  remarkably  large  and  fine 
owl  of  this  species  into  the  same  cage  with  the  “  Washington  Eagle,”  pre¬ 
viously  mentioned,  which  soon  resulted  in  a  contest.  The  moment  a°bird  was 
given  to  the  owl,  the  eagle  demanded  it  in  his  usual  peremptory  manner,  which 
was  promptly  resisted  with  so  much  spirit  and  determination  that  for  a  time  I 
was  in  doubt  as  to  the  result;  but  finally  the  eagle  had  to  stand  aside,  and  wit¬ 
ness  the  owl  devour  the  coveted  morsel.  After  several  similar  contests,  it  was 
mutually  settled  that  possession  gave  an  undisputed  right,  the  owl  not  being 


disposed  to  act  on  the  offensive.  I  had  a  fine  red-shouldered*  hawk  in  the  same 
aviary,  which  the  owl  killed  and  ate  the  second  night. 

Bubo  subarcticus,  Hoy. 

This  winter  vistor  I  consider  closely  allied,  yet  distinct  fr6m  the  common 
horned  owl,  and  as  such  it  is  described  in  the  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  vol.  vi. 
page  211.  I  have  as  yet  examined  but  three  specimens.  The  specimen  in  the 
collection  of  the  Academy  was  known  to  carry  off  from  one  farm,  in  the  space 
of  a  month,  not  less  than  twenty-seven  individuals  of  various  kinds  of  poultry, 
before  it  was  shot. 

Syrxitjm  cinereum,  Linn. 

Not  numerous.  1  have  a  fine  male  specimen,  shot  near  Racine,  Jan.  4,  1848. 

A  remarkable  peculiarity  of  this  specimen  was,  that  the  irides  wrere  brilliant 
blood-red.  I  saw  one  sieze  and  carry  off  a  duck  on  Lake  Superior,  near  the 
mouth  of  Cerf  river,  Sept.  1st,  1845. 

*Svrnii: M  nebulosum,  Linn. 

Common  in  the  heavy  timbered  districts. 

*Otus  vulgaris,  And. 

More  numerous  in  the  vicinity  than  any  other  owl.  The  young  leave  the  nest 
about  the  middle  of  June. 

*Otus  brachyotus,  Linn. 

Common  on  the  prairies,  where  they  nest  on  the  ground,  in  the  tall  grass.  The 
young  are  fully  fledged  by  the  second  week  in  June. 

*Nyctale  acadica,  Gmel. 

Common. 

Nyctale  Tengmalmi,  Gmel. 

I  procured  a  single  specimen  near  Racine,  Nov.  30th,  1850.  Not  uncommon 
on  the  head  waters  of  the  Wisconsin  river. 

Nyctale  Kirtlandii,  Hoy. 

A  third  species  of  this  genus,  found  here,  and  described  in  the  Proc.  Acad. 
Nat.  Sci.  vol.  vi.  page  210. 

Only  two  specimens  have  yet  been  observed. 

Strix  flam  me  a,  Linn. 

A  fine  specimen  of  this  handsome  owl  was  obtained  this  spring  by  my  friend 
the  Rev.  A.  C.  Barry,  of  this  city.  It  was  shot  near  this  city,  and  is  the  only 
specimen  which  has  come  under  my  observation. 

C APRIMU LGIDiE,  (2  species.) 

*Antrostomus  vociferus,  Wilson. 

Common.  Arrives  about  the  1st  of  May,  departs  middle  of  September. 
*Chordeiles  virginianus,  Briss. 

Numerous.  They  leave  us  by  the  15th  of  September.  On  the  10th  of  this 
month,  1850,  for  two  hours  before  dark,  these  birds  formed  one  continuous  flock, 
moving  south.  They  reminded  me,  by  their  vast  numbers,  of  passenger 
pigeons,  more  than  night  hawks.  Next  day  not  one  was  to  be  seen. 

HIRUNDINID^E,  (6  species.) 

*Progne  purpurea,  Linn. 

Common. 

*HlRUNDO  AMERICANA,  Wilson. 

Numerous. 

*Hirundo  fulva,  Vieill. 

A  few  nested  for  the  first  time  at  Racine  in  1852.  Numerous  in  many  parts 
of  the  State. 


308 


[Marcit, 


•HiRUNDO  bicolor,  Vie.Ul, 

Not  a  numerous  species  with  us.  Arrives  from  the  1st  to  the  middle  of  April. 
•Cotyle  riparia,  Linn. 

This  numerous  species  perforates  the  banks  of  the  lake,  wherever  the  soil  is 
sandy. 

*CH/ETURA  PELASGIA,  TeVlVl . 

Common. 

HALCYONIDJE,  (1  species.) 

•Ceryle  alcyon,  Linn. 

Common. 


LANIAD^E,  (3  species.) 

*L  A  NIL’S  BOREALIS,  Vieill. 

This  large  shrike  is  most  numerous  during  fall  and  winter.  A  few,  however, 
spend  the  summer  in  the  middle  and  northern  parts  of  this  State.  During 
winter  they  subsist  on  field  mice  (arvicola,)  and  small  birds. 

*LiANinS  LUDOV1CIANUS,  Linn.  ? 

I  much  doubt  whether  the  north-wrestern  and  southern  loggerhead  are  the 
same.  Our  bird  is  smaller  than  the  southern,  as  described  in  the  ornithological 
w'orks,  the  adult  male  measuring  8.^  to  121  ;  female  81  to  10f.  The  nest  and 
eggs,  too,  differ  materially  from  Bachman’s  description,  as  quoted  by  Nuttall,  of 
those  of  the  southern  species.  The  Wisconsin  bird  constructs  a  compact  nest, 
placed  on  the  lower  branches  of  a  small  tree.  It  is  composed  externally  of 
small  sticks  and  roots,  filled  in  with  strips  of  bark  and  the  iint  of  various  species 
of  plants,  and  is  amply  lined  with  feathers,  which  almost  conceal  the  six 
spotted  eggs. 

The  male  assists  in  incubation,  which  is  completed  in  fourteen  days. 

I  once  shot  a  female  just  as  the  pair  had  commenced  building.  The  male 
w'ent  on  and  completed  the  nest,  even  to  the  soft,  lining  of  feathers,  then  took 
his  stand  on  the  topmost  branch  of  the  same  tree,  and  continued  watching 
almost  constantly  for  three  days,  apparently  awaiting  the  return  of  his  mate. 
At  the  end  of  that  time  I  missed  him,  and  supposed  he  had  abandoned  the  spot ; 
but  the  second  day  afterwards,  he  returned  writh  a  newr  bride,  w’ho  appeared 
W’ell  satisfied  with  the  waiting  nest,  and  commenced  laying  immediately. 

They  return  to  a  particular  tree  to  nest  every  year.  This  attachment  is  so 
great,  that  when  the  nest  is  destroyed,  even  after  they  commence  incubation, 
they  not  unfrequently  construct  another  on  the  same  tree.  Mice,  young  birds 
and  large  insects  compose  their  fare. 

Numerous  on  the  border  of  the  prairies.  Arrive  1st  of  April ;  depart  in 
October. 

Lanius  excubitoro ides.  Strains. 

I  shota  pair  of  birds  of  this  species  in  March  last  ( 1 S-W.)  The  female  is  faintly 
marked  on  the  breast  with  pale  brown  undulating  lines.  This  is  undoubtedly  a 
distinc  t  species. 

MTJSCICAPID/E,  (14  species.) 

*Tyrannt;s  intrepidus,  Vieill. 

Common. 

•Tyrannus  crinitus,  Linn. 

Not  so  common  as  the  preceding.  Inhabits  the  dark  swampy  wroods,  where 
the  harsh  squeak  of  this  species  is  frequently  heard. 

•Tyrannula  fusca,  Gmtl. 

This  familiar  pewee  is  met  with  everywhere. 

•Tyrannula  virens,  Linn *, 

Common  in  the  deep  solitary  woods. 


1853.] 


309 


Tyrannula  thcebe,  Lath. 

I  shot  two  individuals  of  this  species  May  10th,  1848.  Probably  not  very 
rare,  but  impossible  to  distinguish  it  from  the  T.  fusca  without  carefully  com¬ 
paring  the  two. 

•Tyrannula  a~adica,  Gmel. 

The  most  numerous  of  the  fly-catchers  in  Wisconsin. 

Tyrannula  pusilla,  Swains.  • 

This  species,  so  closely  allied  to  the  preceding,  is  not  unfrequently  met  with 
about  the  10th  of  May,  on  its  passage  north. 

Tyrannus  Coopf.ru,  Nutt. 

I  have  occasionally  met  with  this  bird  during  the  latter  part  of  May. 

•Sf.tophaga  ruticilla,  Linn. 

Numerous.  Arrive  5th  of  May;  commence  constructing  their  nests  1st  of 
June. 

•Setophaga  mitrata,  Bona p. 

Not  numerous  near  Racine,  which  maybe  considered  the  northern  limit  of  this 
bird’s  summer  migration. 

•Setophaga  canadensis,  Linn . 

This  interesting  species  is  not  uncommon  with  us. 

Setophaga  Wilsonii,  Bonajt. 

Common  from  the  10th  to  the  25th  of  May. 

Setophaga  miwuta,  Wilson. 

Rarely  met  with.  The  only  specimens  I  have  were  shot  1st  of  June,  1850. 
*CuLIClVORA  CERULEA,  Li  11)1. 

Not  uncommon.  Arrives  first  of  May. 

VIREONINyE,  (6  species.) 

*  VlREO  FLAVIFRONS,  Vieill. 

Not  uncommon.  First  appearance  from  10th  to  15th  of  May. 

*  VlREO  SOLITARIES,  Vie.Hl. 

This  is  by  no  means  a  rare  bird  in  Wisconsin  ;  it  frequents  the  most  secluded 
thickets.  Arrives  about  15th  of  May. 

*  VlREO  NOVEBORACENSIS,  Gmel. 

I  have  noticed  but  few  specimens  of  this  species.  Not  common. 

•Vtreo  gilvus,  Vieill. 

This  cheerful  songster  is  rather  scarce  with  us,  perhaps  the  least  numerous  of 
the  Vireos. 

*  VlREO  OLIVACKUS,  Li.llil. 

By  tar  the  most  abundant  of  the  birds  of  this  genus;  its  sprightly  and  melo¬ 
dious  song  is  heard  almost  constantly  during  the  summer. 

•Peteria  VIRIDIS,  Gmel. 

A  few  only  are  to  be  found  in  the  tangled  thickets  during  the  summer  months. 
MERULTDJE,  (10  species.) 

Mimus  polyglottus,  Lath. 

Occasionally  a  straggler  of  this  charming  songster  finds  its  way  as  far  north 
as  Wisconsin.  I  saw  one  between  Racine  and  Kenosha  July  16th,  1851,  and  a  se¬ 
cond  near  the  State  line  on  Rock  river,  July  26th,  1846. 

*Mimus  rufus,  Linn . 

Very  abundant. 

*M'MUS  felivqx,  Bon  ay. 

Common. 


310 


[March, 


•Turdis  migratorius,  Linn. 

Abundant.  Arrives  middle  of  March,  leaves  first  of  November. 

•Turdus  mustelinus,  Gmel . 

Common.  Wishing  to  add  to  my  collection  a  pair  of  this  species,  together 
with  their  nest  and  eggs,  I  shot  the  female,  and  was  about  to  secure  the  nest, 
when  the  male,  which  had  been  watching  me  in  the  vicinity,  commenced  sing¬ 
ing  ;  and  as  I  approached  the  spot  he  glided  off  still  further  from  the  nest,  all  the 
time  pouring  fourth  the  most  mellow  and  plaintive  strains  I  ever  before  heard 
uttered  by  this  most  melodious  of  songsters.  After  I  had  been  enticed  to  a  con¬ 
siderable  di'tance,  he  returned  to  the  vicinity  of  the  nest;  three  or  four  times  I 
followed  this  bird  in  the  same  manner  before  I  suceeded  in  shooting  him.  This 
movement,  and  the  effect  of  his  tender  song,  so  far  enlisted  my  sympathies  that 
I  regretted  exceedingly  my  cruelty  in  destroying  his  nest  and  mate.  It  is 
common  for  birds  to  resort  to  various  stiatagems  for  the  purpose  of  attracting 
intruders  from  their  nests,  but  this  is  the  only  instance  with  w'hich  I  am  ac¬ 
quainted  where  the  charms  of  their  music  were  employed  for  this  object. 

Turdus  solitarius,  Wilson.  (?) 

Numerous  during  spring  and  fall. 

Is  our  bird,  which  retires  further  north  to  breed,  the  same  that  nests  in  the 
Southein  States  ? 

*  Turd  us  wilsonii,  Bonap. 

Common.  Nests  1st  of  June. 

•Seiurus  noveboracensis,  Gmel. 

Abundant  in  spring  and  fall.  A  few  nest  in  dark  and  gloomy  swamps.  Their 
song  is  sweet,  a  mixture  between  the  Warbler’s  merry  ditty  and  the  more  mellow 
strains  of  the  Thrush. 

•Seiurus  aurocafillus,  Wilson. 

Common. 

AnTHUS  LUDOVICTANUS,  Lickst. 

Abundant  on  the  prairies  in  spring  and  fall. 

SYLVIADrE,  (35  species.) 

Sylvicola  coronata,  Wilson. 

Numerous.  The  first  w'arbler  that  arrives  in  the  spring — 1st  of  April;  they 
all  go  north  by  the  third  of  May  ;  in  the  fall  they  linger  with  us  until  November. 

Sylvicola  petechia,  Lath. 

Very  numerous,  especially  in  the  fall,  when  thousands  may  be  seen  any  day 
on  the  prairies, — running  along  the  fences, — flitting  from  stalk  to  stalk  in  the 
corn-field, — all  the  time  wagging  their  tails  in  the  manner  of  the  Titlark  and 
Aquatic-Thrush,  which  they  closely  resemble  in  habits. 

•Sylvicola  jESTiva,  Gmel. 

Abundant. 

Sylvicola  maculosa,  Lath. 

Numerous  from  the  5th  to  27th  of  May. 

Sylvicola  flavicollis,  Wilson. 

I  shot  a  single  individual  of  this  species  near  Racine,  June  20th,  ISIS. 
•Sylvicola  virexs,  Lath. 

Common.  A  few  nest  with  us.  The  old  males  arrive  5th  of  May,  young  males 
and  females  about  the  10th  of  the  same  month. 

•Sylvicola  Blackburnle,  Lath . 

One  of  the  most  numerous  warblers  from  the  5th  to  the  20th  of  May.  The 
old  males  precede  the  females  about  a  week.  The  first  arrivals  of  this  species, 
as  well  as  all  others,  are  in  the  finest  plumage.  A  few  nest  with  us. 


1853.] 


311 


•Sylvicola  icterocephala,  Lath. 

This  beautiful  little  warbler  is  extremely  abundant.  It  prefers  localities  with 
a  dense  under-brush,  especially  hazel,  thinly  covered  with  trees.  In  such  situa¬ 
tions  it  is  not  uncommon  to  hear  the  songs  of  a  dozen  males  at  the  same  time. 
They  construct  a  nest  of  blades  of  grass  and  thin  strips  of  bark  intermingled 
with  caterpillars’  web,  fixed  in  a  low  bush,  (generally  hazel,)  seldom  more  than 
two  or  three  feet  from  the  ground  ;  the  eggs,  4  or  5  in  number,  closely  resemble 
those  of  the  S.  cestiva.  But  one  brood  is  raised  in  a  season — nest  from  the  10th 
to  15th  of  June.  If  the  nest  be  approached  when  the  female  is  in  it,  she  will  drop 
to  the  ground  and  hobble  along  with  one  wing  dragging,  uttering  at  the  same 
time  a  peeping  note  of  distress. 

I  once  caught  a  young  bird  of  this  species  that  had  just  left  the  nest ;  the 
parent  birds,  in  their  alarm  for  its  safety,  approached  so  near  to  me  that  I  caught 
the  male  in  my  hand.  I  let  them  both  go,  upon  which,  the  joy  of  the  old  bird 
appeared  to  be  greater  for  the  escape  of  the  young  fledgling  than  for  his  own 
release. 

Sylvicola  castanea,  Wilson. 

Arrives  in  large  numbers  about  the  10th  of  May;  all  gone  north  by  the  25th. 
Sylvicola  striata.  Lath. 

Equally  numerous  with  the  preceding  ;  the  twro  species  arrive  and  depart  in 
company. 

•Sylvicola  pinus,  Lath. 

Not  a  numerous  species  with  us.  Nest  in  the  northern  pine  forests. 
Sylvicola  discolor,  Vieill. 

A  few  are  occasionally  seen  about  the  middle  of  May.  Rare  in  Wisconsin. 
•Sylvicola  Americana,  Lath. 

Common.  The  beautiful  pensile  nest  of  this  bird  has  never,  to  my  knowledge, 
been  described.  Audubon  undoubtedly  erred  in  attributing  the  nest  described 
by  him  to  this  species.  That  presented  by  me  to  the  Collection  of  the  Academy  is 
formed  by  interlacing  and  sewing  together,  with  a  few  blades  of  grass,  the  pen¬ 
dant  lichen  (Usnea  barbata)  which  grew'upon  a  dead  horizontal  branch  of  an 
oak,  fifty  or  sixty  feet  from  the  ground.  A  hole,  just  large  enough  for  the  bird  to 
enter,  is  left  in  the  angle  immediately  under  the  branch,  which  forms  a  complete 
roof  for  the  nest ;  it  is  finished  with  a  slight  lining  of  hair.  The  whole  forms  a 
beautiful  basket  of  moss,  which  is  so  admirably  adapted  to  the  purpose  intended, 
so  effectually  concealed,  so  light  and  airy,  that  it  would  be  almost  impossible 
to  suggest  an  improvement,  and  is  certainly  one  of  the  most  interesting  speci¬ 
mens  of  ornithological  architecture.  The  eggs,  four  or  five  in  number,  are  white, 
with  a  band  of  light  brown  spots  near  the  greater  end  ;  they  measure  5  by  7  j 
lines  in  diameter.  The  young  leave  the  nest  about  the  first  week  in  July. 

Sylvicola  canadensis,  Linn. 

Abundant  from  the  5th  to  25th  of  May,  and  again  from  the  1st  to  20th  of 
October. 

Sylvicola  Formosa,  Bonap. 

Rare.  Shot  one  near  Racine,  May  10,  1851. 

•Sylvicola  ccerdlea,  Wilson. 

Not  common.  A  few  nest  with  us. 

Sylvicola  maritima,  Wilson. 

By  no  means  a  rare  bird  during  the  month  of  May.  It  frequents  the  vicinity 
of  streams  and  swamps  that  abound  with  tall  willows,  in  the  tops  of  which  this 
interesting  warbler  is  commonly  seen  flitting  about,  busily  searching  for  insects 
and  their  larvae.  It  is  probable  that  a  few  nest  in  this  vicinity. 

•Trichas  marylandica,  Wilson . 

Common. 


48 


312 


[March, 


Trichas  agilis,  Wilson. 

Not  uncommon.  I  shot  a  pair  on  the  29th  of  May  ;  they  had  mated,  and  were 
about  to  nest. 

Trichas  Philadelphia,  Wilson. 

Rarely  seen.  Shot  one  May  10,  18.51. 

’Vermivora  pennsylvanica,  Swain. 

A  few  nest  in  this  section.  Rare. 


Vermivora  chrysoptera,  Linn. 

Not  uncommon  for  a  few  days  in  May.  Go  north. 

Vermivora  rubricapilla,'  Wilson. 

Common  for  two  weeks  in  May  on  their  passage  north  :  they  return  in  Octo¬ 
ber,  at  which  time  the  male  is  without  the  chestnut  crown. 

’"Vermivora  celata,  Say. 

Not  an  uncommon  species.  Frequent  the  most  secluded  swamps,  where  they 
nest. 

Vermivora  peregrina,  Wilson. 

Some  seasons,  about  the  middle  of  May,  this  plain  bird  is  met  with  in  great 
abundance v  This  was  particularly  the  case  May  14,  15  and  16,  1849,  when  I 
could  have  procured  any  desired  number ;  they  literally  thronged  on  the  tops  of 
the  bush  oaks  in  an  adjoining  grove.  For  the  last  two  years  I  have  not  pro¬ 
cured  a  single  specimen. 

’Mniotilta  varia,  Vieill. 

Common. 


Mniotilta  borealis,  Nutt.? 

I  have  met  with  specimens  that  answered  to  NuttalPs  description,  yet  I  am 
inclined  to  consider  it  a  variety  of  the  preceding. 

In  order  to  give  some  idea  of  the  abundance  and  great  variety  of  the  warblers 
which  visit  us,  I  append  a  list  shot  in  the  forenoon  of  May  5th,  1852,  by  Rev. 
A.  C.  Barry  and  myself: 


6  Sylvicola  americana, 

1  “  pinus, 

1  <c  striata, 

5  “  icterocephala, 

4  <c  virens, 

6  “  Blackburnia, 

5  <e  maculosa, 

1  <e  coronata, 


All,  except  three,  males  in  unusually 
arrived. 

We  could  thave  obtained  many  n 
desirable. 


1  Sylvicola  aestiva, 

4  £e  canadensis, 

1  <f  petechia, 

4  “  maritima, 

1  Setophagia  canadensis, 

2  Vermivora  rubricapilla, 

2  Trichas  marylandica, 

3  Mniotilta  varia, 

47. 

e  plumage,  the  females  not  having  yet 
e  of  most  of  the  species,  had  it  been 


’Troglodytes  aidon,  Vieill. 

Common.  First  appearance  15th  of  April. 

♦Troglodytes  hyemalis,  Vieill. 

Common.  Nest  in  abundance  on  the  shores  of  Lake  Superior. 

’Troglodytes  brevirostris,  Nutt. 

A  few  nest  in  the  vicinity  of  Racine.  Not  abundant. 

’Troglodytes  palustris,  Wilson. 

Abundant  on  all  our  reedy  flats. 


1853.] 


313 


Troglodytes  ludovicianus,  Bonap. 

I  met  a  single  wren  of  this  species,  July  5th,  1852.  Undoubtedly  nests 
sparingly  in  the  southern  part  of  the  State.  Rare. 

Regulus  calendula,  Linn. 

Abundant  spring  and  fall. 

Regulus  satrapa,  Lichst. 

Abundant.  Arrives  1st  of  April,  and  remains  until  May  10th. 

Sialia  Wilson ii,  Swains. 

The  first  arrival  of  this  harbinger  of  spring  at  Racine,  was — 


In  1846, 

.  March  25th. 

“  1847, 

iC 

20th. 

«  1848, 

(C 

17th. 

“  1849, 

(C 

11th. 

«  1850, 

iC 

21st. 

“  1851, 

u 

15th. 

“  1852, 

cc 

12  th. 

^(To  be  continued.) 


The  Committee  on  Dr.  Heermann’s  “  Catalogue  of  the  Oological 
Collection  in  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,” 
reported  in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings.  See  end  of 

this  number.) 

The  Committee  on  Lieut.  Maury’s  communication,  containing  his 
observations  on  atmospheric  pressure,  reported  as  follows  : 

Lieut.  M.  F.  Maury,  through  Dr.  Le  Conte,  the  Corresponding  Secretary, 
presented  an  engraved  diagram,  representing  a  “  vertical  section  of  the  basin 
of  the  Atlantic,’’  about  the  parallels  of  39°  and  40°  north  latitude,  the  data  for 
which  drawing  are  furnished  by  the  deep  sea  soundings,  taken  by  officers  of  the 
U.  S.  Navy,  in  obedience  to  an  order  Jrom  the  Navy  Department.  Lieut. 
Maury  says,  t(  These  data  are  not  very  abundant,  but  such  as  they  are  they 
give  a  proximate  idea  as  to  the  submarine  depression.” 

The  diagram  exhibits  a  striking  contrast  between  the  profile  of  the  earth’s 
crust  above  and  below  the  sea  level. 

The  same  plate  represents  a  vertical  section  across  the  continent  of  South 
America  from  Lima,  on  the  Pacific,  to  the  mouth  of  the  Amazon  under  the 
equator,  on  the  Atlantic. 

The  object  of  this  part  of  the  engraving  is  to  illustrate  certain  anomalies  in 
the  pressure  of  the  atmosphere,  as  inferred  from  the  experiments  of  Lieut. 
Herndon,  U.  S.  Navy,  on  the  boiling  point  of  water,  during  his  recent  journey 
across  that  section  of  the  continent.  The  following  extract  from  a  table 
shows  the  boiling  points  at  several  places  on  the  route,  and  their  eleva¬ 
tions  above  the  sea  respectively  : 


314 


[March, 


Heights  of  Places  determined  by  Lieut.  Herndon,  U.  S.  N. 


Names  of  Places. 

Distance  in 
Statute  Miles 
from  Lima. 

Boiling 

Point. 

Heights  above 
the  level 
of  the  sea. 

Brought  forward 

352 

La  Cueva  . 

20 

206-5 

2595 

feet. 

Lingo  Maria 

10 

207-8 

1923 

Land  Travel 

382 

Focache 

174 

209.1 

1253 

tt 

Sion  .... 

58 

209-7 

944 

tt 

Lupuna  .  .  , 

58 

210- 

791 

te 

Chasuta 

87 

210-5 

585 

« 

Santa  Cruz 

220 

211-2 

177 

te 

Nanta 

353 

211-3 

126 

tt 

Petras 

197 

211-1 

228 

te 

Egas  (904) 

707 

208-2 

1715 

te 

River  Bank 

131 

208-4 

1611 

tt 

a 

60 

208-5 

1560 

eg 

« 

168 

208-6 

1507 

te 

iC 

50 

208-8 

1406 

te 

Barra  ... 

14 

209.3 

1150 

«c 

Mouth  of  the  Maderia 

104 

209-8 

893 

te 

Villa  Nova 

209 

210-3 

638 

tt 

Santarem  . 

220 

210-5 

535 

te 

Para  .... 

759 

211-5 

25 

tt 

Sea  .  • 

93 

Direct  water  travel  .  . 

• 

3652 

A  dotted  line  on  the  diagram  represents  Lieut.  Herndon’s  track  above  the 
level  of  the  sea,  according  to  the  above  experiments.  “  By  this  track  it  will  be 
perceived,”  says  Lieut.  Maury,  “that  after  ascending  the  Andes,  and  coming 
down  the  Amazon  to  a  considerable  distance,  he  ascended  or  went  up  hill.  Now 
wre  kr.ow  that  this  wras  not  the  case,  because  he  was  all  the  time  drifting  down 
the  stream  in  a  canoe.  To  reconcile  this  apparent  paradox  between  the  inclina¬ 
tion  of  this  slope  of  the  continent,  as  shown  on  the  one  hand  by  the  running 
water  of  the  rivers,  and  on  the  other  by  the  pressure  of  tbe  air,  it  is  necessary 
to  suppose,  that  when  be  boiled  his  water  at  the  eastern  base  of  the  Andes,  he 
was  in  fact  under  a  bank  of  atmosphere,  and  that  the  pressure  under  this  bank 
■was  so  great  as  to  force  the  boiling  point  up  very  nearly  to  the  sea  level. 

“  Let  us  now  proceed  to  account  as  best  we  may,  for  this  bank,  or  increased 
atmospheric  pressure. 

“  These  experiments  were  made  in  south  latitude,  and  in  the  trade  wind  region 
of  that  hemisphere.  These  winds  strike  nearly  perpendicularly  against  the 
Andes,  the  tops  of  which  range  extend  in  many  places  nearly,  if  not  quite  as 
high,  as  do  the  trade  winds  themselves.  Now,  then,  what  is  the  effect  of  such 
an  obstruction  as  the  Andes  afford  to  the  passage  of  the  southeast  trade  winds! 
If  we  may  judge  by  the  effect  of  similar  obstructions  to  running  water,  we  have 
no  hesitation  in  saying  that  the  effect  is  to  bank  up. 

“  Pot  Rock  and  other  obstructions  to  the  rapid  current  of  Hurlgate — taking 
small  things  to  represent  great — may  serve  us  with  an  illustration  that  will 
assist  me  in  making  myself  clear.  Any  one  who  witnessed  the  water  running 
over  that  rock,  could  not  fail  to  be  struck  with  the  fact,  and  the  extent  to  which 
the  water  was  piled  up,  not  over  the  rock,  but  up  stream  from  it ;  not  only  was 


1853.] 


315 


there  this  banking  up  of  the  water  before  it  reached  the  rock,  but  there  was 
also  a  depression  above — that  is,  up  stream  from  this  bank  of  water  on  the  one 
hand,  and  below  or  down  stream  from  the  rock  on  the  other. 

“  In  like  manner  it  appears  to  me,  that  Herndon’s  observations  have  revealed 
the  fact  that  there  is,  at  times  at  least,  in  the  intertropical  atmosphere  of  South 
America,  an  air-cast  mould  of  the  Andes. 

“  It  is  remarkable  how  clearly  these  observations  indicate  a  piling  up  of  the 
atmosphere  to  the  windward  of  the  Andes,  and  a  depression  in  the  general  at¬ 
mospherical  level  to  the  windward  again  of  this  air  bank.  If  this  conjecture 
afford  the  real  explanation  of  the  phenomena,  we  should  look  on  the  lea  side  of 
the  Andes  for  a  low  barometer,  or  a  depression  in  the  atmosphere,  corresponding 
to  the  hollow  in  the  water  below  Pot  Rock. 

“The  mean  height  of  the  Bar  in  Lima,  as  far  as  I  have  been  able  to  ascertain 
it,  indicates  that  such  a  depression  is  felt  there. 

“If  subsequent  observations  should  confirm  these  indications  and  establish  them 
as  realities,  we  should  then  be  put  in  possession  of  important  physical  facts. 
We  should  be  led  to  infer  that  the  height  of  mountains,  and  of  mountain  slopes 
above  the  sea  level,  as  determined  by  the  barometer,  would  depend  somewhat 
upon  which  way  the  wind  blows,  and  the  only  safe  rule  of  admeasurement  in  such 
cases,  would  be  to  establish  a  standard  barometer  at  the  foot  of  the  mountains, 
both  in  the  windward  and  the  lea  side. 

“  Another  of  the  physical  facts  besides  that  of  establishing  the  direction  of  the 
wind,  as  a  function  in  barometric  determination  is,  that  if  this  increased  pressure 
of  the  atmosphere  at  the  eastern  foot  of  the  Andes  be  caused  by  the  obstruction 
which  that  range  of  mountains  affords  to  the  passage  of  the  trade  winds,  then  do 
those  mountains  in  the  trade  wind  region  become  a  natural  anamometer,  which 
will  give  us  in  terms  of  the  barometer  an  expression  for  the  whole  amount  of 
force  employed  in  giving  motion  and  velocity  to  the  trade  winds  of  the  earth.” 


ELECTION. 

J.  Dickinson  Logan,  M.  D.,  and  Mr.Trederick  Schafhirt,  of  Philadel¬ 
phia,  and  Mr.  P.  W.  Sheafer,  of  Pottsville,  were  elected  Members  of 
the  Academy,  and 

Dr.  H.  Schaum,  of  Berlin,  Dr.  G.  Hartlaub,  of  Bremen,  and  Prof.  A. 
Wagner,  of  Munich,  were  elected  Correspondents. 


April  12th. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

A  communication  was  read  from  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsyl¬ 
vania,  dated  March  17th,  1853,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  the  last 
number  of  the  Journal,  and  of  a  collection  of  Indian  antiquities  pre¬ 
sented  by  the  Academy. 

Mr.  Conrad  presented  a  paper  for  publication  in  the  Journal,  describ¬ 
ing  new  species  of  Unio;  which  was  referred  to  Dr.  Ruschenberger, 
Dr  Wilson  and  Dr.  Zantzinger. 

A  second  paper  from  Mr.  Conrad  was  also  presented,  intended  for 
publication  in  the  Proceedings,  entitled,  “  Monograph  of  the  genus 
FulgurV  Referred  to  same  Committee. 


316 


[April, 


April  19  th. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

A  letter  was  read  from  the  Secretary  of  the  New  York  Lyceum  of 
Natural  History,  dated  April  12th,  1853‘,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of 
the  Proceedings  of  the  Academy,  vol.  6,  No.  7. 

Dr.  Wetherill  exhibited  an  improved  apparatus  for  the  analysis  of  the 
Carbonates,  on  the  plan  of  W  ills. 

Dr.  Meigs,  referring  to  his  former  communication  to  the  Academy  upon  the 
structure  of  the  uterus  of  the  Porpoise,  remarked  that  since  that  time,  until 
recently,  he  had  been  unable  to  obtain  a  second  specimen.  On  last  Saturday 
he  received  from  Capt.  Bennett,  of  the  steamer  Osprey,  a  fine  specimen,  about 
six  feet  long,  of  Delphinus  delphis,  which  he  had  dissected.  The  uterus,  in 
this  specimen,  was  not,  as  in  the  former,  gravid  ;  the  cervix  was  more  fusiform, 
but  still  the  peculiar  double  arrangement,  noticed  in  the  first  specimen,  was  well 
marked.  Dr.  Meigs  remarked  that  it  was  an  interesting  question,  whether  the 
cervix  uteri  of  all  plunging  animals  is  similarly  formed,  and  referred  to  the 
suggestion  in  his  former  paper,  of  the  use  of  the  double  cervix  in  resisting  the 
pressure  of  the  sea  at  great  depths,  which  pressure  upon  the  body  and  fundus 
would  tend  to  produce  abortion. 


April  2 Qth. 

Mr.  Ord,  President,  in  the  Chair. 

The  Committee  on  Mr.  Conrad’s  paper,  describing  new  species  of 
Unio,  reported  in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Journal. 

The  Committee  on  Mr.  Conrad’s  “  Monograph  of  the  genus  Fulgur,” 
reported  in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings. 

Monograph  of  the  genus  Fulgur . 

By  T.  A.  Conrad. 

FULGUR  Montfort ; 

Pyrula  Lam. 

Shell  pyriform  ;  spire  short ;  varices  none  ;  body  whorl  very  large  ;  aperture 
large,  oval,  extended  towards  the  base  into  an  elongate-conic,  open  canal,  entire 
at  base  :  umbilicus  none  ;  epidermis  deciduous  ;  labium  concave,  with  a  single 
fold  or  oblique  groove  near  the  origin  of  the  canal,  and  a  slight  calcareous  depo¬ 
sition  above ;  labrum  simple,  many  of  the  species  having  elevated  striae  which 
do  not  revolve  far  within  the  shell,  nor  do  they  reach  the  edge  of  the  labrum, 
but  leave  a  smooth  border ;  operculum  horny. 

Remarks. — The  striae  on  the  interior  of  the  labrum  are  given  by  Say  and 
Montfort  in  the  generic  character  of  Fulgur ;  but  Say  does  not  allude  to  them  in 
his  description  cd  F.  pyruloides ,  which,  I  believe,  never  has  them.  This  is  the 
case  with  a  few  other  species,  agreeing  in  every  other  respect,  generically,  with 
the  undoubted  species. 

This  genus  is  usually  confounded  with  Melongena,  Rapana  and  others,  but 
the  group  is  very  distinct,  and  the  animal  widely  different  from  its  congeners, 
though  it  does  not  appear  to  have  been  figured  or  described.  Living  specimens 
are  abundant  on  the  coast  of  New  Jersey,  and  could  easily  be  obtained,  whilst 
an  anatomical  description  of  the  animal  is  still  a  desideratum.  The  manner  in 
which  the  young  are  excluded  in  spiral  series  of  cells,  was  noticed  and  figured 
by  Lister.  This  peculiarity  is  common  to  F.  canaliculatiim  and  F.  perversum , 
and  is  doubtless  persistent  throughout  the  group. 


1853.] 


317 


The  earliest  fossil  that  I  can  recognize  among  American  species  is  Fulgur 
trabeatum ,  Con.,  from  the  Older  Eocene  of  Alabama.  The  Lower  Tertiary 
species  are  comparatively  small,  whilst  in  the  Miocene  and  later  deposits  they 
are  far  larger  and  more  numerous,  and  very  characteristic  of  those  Tertiary 
divisions. 

Fossil  Species. 

Eocene. 

1.  Fulgur  trabeatum.  Subfusiform,  thin,  ventricose,  with  elevated  re¬ 
volving  striae  at  base  and  more  obscure  ones  above  ;  body  whorl,  with  two  dis¬ 
tinct  series  of  compressed  tubercles :  the  humoral  series  continued  on  the  spire; 
whorls  angular;  beak  produced,  slightly  sinuous;  aperture  patulous. 

Fusus  trabevtus,  Con.  Foss.  Shells  of  Tert.  Form,  2d  ed.  p.  53,  t.  18,  fig.  1. 
August,  1833.  1st  ed.  p.  29,  No  3. 

F.bicarinatus,  Lea.  Cont.  p.  146,  pi.  v.,  fig.  147.  Oct.,  1833. 

Locality. — Claiborne.  Ala.  Older  Eocene. 

2.  F.  SPINIGERUM. 

Fusus  spiniger ,  Con.  Proceed.  A.  N.  S.  1847,  Journ.  A.  N.  S.  vol.  1,  2d 
series,  p.  117,  pi.  xi.,  fig.  32. 

Locality. — Vicksburg,  Miss.  Newer  Eocene. 

3.  F.  nodulatum.  Pyriform,  thick,  with  strong  rugose,  revolving  lines,  with 
a  very  fine  intermediate  line  between  most  of  the  large  striae  ;  on  the  inferior 
part  of  the  body  whorl  is  a  space  without  lines,  below’  which  the  w’horl  has  a 
slightly  concave  slope  towards  the  beak  ;  angle  tuberculated,  the  series  con¬ 
tinued  on  the  spire  near  the  suture  ;  in  some  specimens  the  tubercles  margin 
both  sides  of  the  suture  ;  spire  short ;  sides  of  volutions  concave  ;  labrum  with 
rather  distant,  prominent,  acute  lines  within  ;  beak  straight. 

F.  nodulatum ,  Con.  Journ.  A.  N,  S.,  vol.  1,  2d  series,  p.  207  and  vol.  ii. 
p.  41,  pi.  1,  fig.  6,  7. 

Locality. — Vicksburg,  Miss.  Newrer  Eocene. 

Miocene. 

4.  F.  coronatum.  Fusiform,  ventricose,  with  fine,  closely-arranged,  revolv¬ 
ing,  wrinkled  lines  ;  spire  short  ;  whorls  flattened  above,  and  having  elevated, 
compressed  tubercles  or  short  spires  on  the  angle,  which  is  somew’hat  carinated; 
suture  channelled  and  margined  by  an  obtuse  carinated  line. 

F.  coronatus,  Con.  Miocene  Shells,  cover  of  No.  2,  1839. 

F.  canaliculatus ,  Lyell  (not  Lin.)  Manual,  p.  172,  fig.  151. 

Locality. — St.  Mary’s  Co.,  Maryland. 

This  fine  species  is  very  distinct  from  the  recent  canaliculatum ,  being’less  ven¬ 
tricose  and  having  prominent  tubercles  in  all  stages  of  growth.  It  is  abundant. 
The  largest  specimen  measures  six  inches  in  length. 

5.  F.  canaliculatum.  This  recent  species  has  been  found  in  a  fossil  state, 
but  is  rare.  It  agrees  perfectly  in  form  and  character  wdth  the  living  shell. 

Localities. — St.  Mary’s  river,  Md.  Natural  Well,  Duplin  Co.,  N.  C." 

6.  F.  rugosum.  Pyriform,  with  numerous,  rather  coarse  revolving  lines,  dis¬ 
posed  to  alternate  in  size,  and  very  distinct  lines  of  grow’th  ;  whorls  scalariform, 
w’ith  a  tuberculated  carina,  the  margin  of  which  presents  a  waved  outline,  the 
tubercles  being  obtuse  ;  spire  prominent,  profoundly  channelled  at  the  suture  ; 
margin  of  the  channel  carinated  in  young  shells.  Length  3  inches. 

F.  rugosus ,  Con.  Proceed.  A.  N.  S.  vol.  1,  p.  307. 

Compared  with  F.  coronatum ,  this  species,  when  adult,  is  comparatively 
shorter  and  more  inflated,  w’ith  a  shorter  spire,  much  coarser  revolving  lines, 
which,  with  the  more  numerous,  more  obtuse  tubercles,  give  the  shell  a  very 
different  appearance  from  F.  coronatum. 

Locality. — St.  Mary’s  river,  Maryland. 

7.  F.  tuberculatum.  Fusiform,  w’ith  revolving  striae  ;  spire  elevated;  angle 
of  the  w’horl  carinated  and  crow’ned  with  prominent  tubercles  ;  body  whorl  ven¬ 
tricose. 


318 


[April, 


F.  tuber culatus ,  Con.  Miocene  Shells,  cover  of  No.  2,  1839. 

Locality. — Patuxent  river,  St.  Mary’s  Co.  Maryland. 

Allied  to  F.  fusiformis,  but  is  more  ventricose,  proportionally  shorter.  It 
may  readily  be  distinguished  by  the  carina  of  the  volutions,  which  is  very 
strongly  marked  towards  the  apex. 

8.  Fulgur  carica.  ( Pyrula  carica  Lam.) 

Locality . — North  Carolina.  Prof.  E.  Mitchell. 

A  large  specimen  of  the  variety  with  short  spines,  is  in  the  collection  of  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences. 

9.  F.  fusiforme.  Fusiform,  with  revolving  striae;  obsolete,  except  on  the 
inferior  half  of  the  body  whorl,  where  they  are  prominent,  wrinkled  and  alter¬ 
nated  in  size  ;  spire  elevated ;  whorls  with  obtuse  little  prominent  tubercles  on 
the  angle  which  is  situated  near  the  suture  and  is  obtuse. 

F.  fusiformis,  Con.  Miocene  Shells,  cover  of  No.  2,  1839. 

Locality. — Patuxent  river,  St.  Mary’s  Co.,  Maryland. 

10.  F.  maximum.  Pyriform,  ventricose,  moderately  thick,  with  coarse  distant 
subimbricated  lines  of  growth ;  spire  short,  with  revolving  striae;  whorls  con¬ 
cave  above,  rounded  inferiorly ;  beak  long  and  sinuous;  columella  very  concave; 
aperture  patulous.  Length  7i  inches. 

F.  maximus ,  Con.,  Miocene  Shells,  cover  of  No.  2,  1839. 

Locality.  Yorktown,  Virginia. 

There  is  a  variety  of  this  shell  thick  and  ponderous  ;  angle  of  penultimate  and 
body  whorls  with  short  distant  arched  or  foliated  spines,  each  of  which  is  con¬ 
nected  with  a  longitudinal  line  or  fold  ;  lines  most  prominent  towards  the  base 
where  the  beak  is  somewhat  tumid. 

This  is  the  largest  fossil  species  known  to  me,  and  resembles  F.'aruanum ,  but 
the  rounded  volutions  of  the  spire  is  a  striking  point  of  difference. 

11.  F.  incile.  Fusiform,  with  distant  coarse,  prominent  and  fine  impressed 
revolving  lines ;  body  whorl  profoundly  ventricose,  shoulder  rounded,  summit 
with  a  broad  concave  furrow  margined  by  a  profound  carinated  line,  between 
which  and  the  suture  is  a  wide  profound  channel;  spire  conical, elevated,  whorls 
ventricose;  aperture  dilated.  Length  61  inches. 

F.iiicilis ,  Con.,  Sillim.  Journ.  vol.  xxiii.  p.  343. 

Locality.  Yorktown,  Virginia. 

This  large  species  distantly  resembles  F.  canaliculatum.  It  is  much  thicker 
and  more  ponderous,  with  a  more  elevated  spire,  and  with  rounded  volutions 
destitute  of  tubercles. 

12.  F.  contrarium.  Pyriform,  sinistral,  with  wrinkled  revolving  lines,  obso¬ 
lete  on  the  middle  of  the  large  whorl;  shoulder  obtusely  angulated,  without 
tubercles;  summit  of  the  whorls  concave;  whorls  of  the  spire  angulated  in  the 
middle,  and  slightly  tuberculated  on  the  angle ;  beak  very  long,  sinuous ;  labrum 
with  distant  prominent  lines  within. 

F.  contrarias ,  Con.,  Silliman’s  Journ.  vol.  xxxix.  p.  387. 

Locality.  Natural  Well,  Duplin  Co.,  N.  C. 

A  much  smaller  species  than  F.  perversnm,  differing  in  its  want  of  tubercles 
on  the  shoulder  when  adult,  (for  young  shells  have  small  tubercles,  not  com¬ 
pressed  as  in  the  kindred  species.)  The  shell  is  proportionally  thicker,  the 
columella  more  concave  and„the  angle  more  prominent. 

13.  F.  excavatum.  Pyriform,  with  revolving  lines,  very  prominent  on  the 
inferior  half  of  the  large  whorl;  shoulder  with  a  wide  concave  depression; 
spire  widely  and  profoundly  channelled,  the  whorls  bicarinated  and  slightly 
tuberculated  on  the  carinae. 

F.  excavatus ,  Con.,  Sillim.  Journ.  xxxix.  p.  387. 

Locality.  Natural  Well,  Duplin  Co.  N.  C. 

14.  F.  Oregonense.  Fusiform  with  unequal  prominent  revolving  lines,  a  few 
of  which  are  considerably  larger  than  the  others,  on  the  upper  portion  of  the 
body  whorl :  they  are  also  coarser  towards  the  base,  and  attenuated  in  size ; 


1853.] 


319 


shoulder  with  a  series  of  tubercles ;  one  of  the  larger  lines  on  the  body  whorl 
somewhat  tuberculated ;  a  prominent  line  margins  the  suture  ;  spire  conical,  the 
volutions  reticulated  and  tuberculated. 

Fusus  Oregonensis ,  Con.,  Sillim.  Journ.  vol.  v.  p.  433,  fig.  13. 

Locality.  Columbia  river,  near  Astoria,  Oregon.  J.  K.  Townsend. 

Recent  Species. 

F.  carica,  (Murex  carica,  Gmel.) 

Lister,  Conch,  t.  880. 

Martini,  iii.  t.  67,  fig.  744,  and  t.  69,  fig.  756,  757. 

Pyrula  carica ,  Lam.  Desh.  ed.  An.  sans  Vert.  ix.  p.  505. 

Pyrula  aruana ,  Reeve,  (not  Linn.)  Conch.  Icon.  pi.  5,  fig.  16. 

This  species  inhabits  the  Atlantic  coast  from  Georgia  to  Massachusetts. 
Reeve,  when  he  published  his  monograph  of  Pyrula,  in  1847,  was  unacquainted 
with  the  habitat  of  this  common  and  long  known  shell.  There  is  a  distinct 
variety  of  this  species  on  the  southern  coast,  with  much  shorter  and  thinner 
spines,  and  it  is  also  longer  and  thinner  than  the  typical  form. 

F.  Canaliculatum.  ( Pyrula ,  Lam.) 

Buccinum  ampullaceum ,  Lister,  Conch,  t.  878,  fig.  2. 

Murex  canaliculatus ,  Linn.  Martini,  iii.  p.  29,  t.  67,  fig.  742,  743- 

Pyrula  canaliculata ,  Reeve,  Conch.  Icon.  pi.  8,  fig.  26. 

Inhabits  the  coasts  of  New  Jersey,  Rhode  Island  and  Massachusetts. 

F.  perversum.  {Murex,  Linn.) 

Buccinum  ampullaceis  ad  sinistram  convolutis ,  Lister,  Conch.,  t.  907,  908. 

Chemnitz,  ix.  part  1,  p.  67,  t.  106,  fig.  900  to  903. 

Pyrula  perversa,  Lam.  Reeve,  Conch.  Icon.  pi.  3,  fig.  13. 

Inhabits  the  southern  coast.  In  Tampa  Bay,  Florida,  it  is  abundant,  and 
living  specimens  may  be  obtained  12  inches  in  length. 

F.  pyrum.  {Bulla  pyrurn,  Dillwyn,  1817.) 

Buccinis  ampullaceis  tenuibus ,  Lister,  Conch,  t.  877. 

Martini,  iii.  p.  27,  t.  66,  fig.  736,  737. 

Bulla  ficus ,  var.  b.  Gmel.  Dillwyn’s  Catalogue,  p.  485. 

Pyrula  spirata ,  Lam.,  1822,  An.  sans  Yert.  vii.  p.  142. 

F ulgur  pyruloides.  Say,  1822,  Amer.  Conch,  pi.  19. 

Pyrula  spirata ,  Reeve,  Conch.  Icon.  pi.  8,  fig.  27. 

Common  on  the  southern  coast  of  Florida. 

F.  candelabrum.  {Pyrula,  Lam.) 

Kiener,  pi.  8,  fig.  2. 

Kiener  and  Reeve  suggest  that  this  shell  is  a  variety  of  F ulgur  perver sum.  It 
does  not  appear  that  more  than  one  specimen  has  been  discovered. 

F.  gibbosum.  Pyriform,  ventricose,  thick,  armed  with  broad  prominent 
foliated  thick  spines;  shoulder  carinated  ;  spire  short,  the  four  upper  whorls 
tuberculated  on  the  upper  margin  of  the  suture ;  ^olumella  sinuous  ;  middle  of 
the  beak  profoundly  tumid,  on  which  elevation  are  robust  alternated  wrinkled 
striae;  labrum  channelled  below,  corresponding  to  the  external  hump;  margin  of 
labrum  very  sinuous  towards  the  base,  the  interior  with  slightly  raised  lines, 
and  of  a  yellowish  orange  color ;  color  white,  with  long  purplish  lines  and  a 
broad  indistinct  revolving  white  band  on  the  body  whorl. 

Pyrula  perversa ,  var.  Kiener,  pi.  9,  fig.  2. 

The  revolving  lines  are  obsolete  on  the  upper  part  of  the  body  whorl,  and 
there  are  revolving  wrinkled  slightly  raised  lines  on  the  spire. 

A  specimen  of  this  species  is  in  the  collection  of  the  Academy,  and  Kieners 
figure  has  a  close  resemblance  to  it.  It  is  not  known  to  inhabit  the  coast  of  the 
United  States,  and  is  probably  from  Campeachy  Bay. 

This  shell  is  not  a  variety  of  F.  perversum ,  as  Kiener  supposes,  but  if  not  a 
distinct  species,  must  be  a  sinistral  variety  of  F.  carica.  That  shell,  however, 
is  common  on  the  coast  of  the  United  States,  but  a  sinistral  specimen  is  there 
unknown. 


49 


320 


[April, 


Notes  on  Shells. 

By  T.  A.  Conrad. 

Dreissena,  Van  Beneden. 

There  is  but  one  species  of  this  genus  known  to  inhabit  the  waters  of  North 
America.  It  is  a  small  shtll,  very  abundant  in  Virginia,  attached  by  its 
byssus  to  the  Ostrea  virginiana.  I  described  it  in  the  Journal  of  the  Academy 
of  Natural  Sciences,  vol.  vi.  p.  263,  pi.  11,  fig.  13,  under  the  name  of  Mytilus 
leucophceatus. 

Artemis,  Poli. 

There  are  three  species  of  this  genus  on  the  Atlantic  coast  of  the  United 
States,  one  of  which  occurs  fossil  in  the  Miocene  of  Virginia,  (A.  concentrica.) 
As  they  do  not  appear  to  be  correctly  named  in  Reeve’s  monograph,  the  follow¬ 
ing  corrections  are  submitted: 

1.  A.  CONCENTRICA. 

A.  acetabulum ,  Con.}  Miocene  Shells,  p.  29,  pi.  16,  fig.  1. 

Gualt.  t.  76,  fig.  F. 

Favanne,  t.  48,  fig.  3. 

Venus  concentrica ,  Born.  t.  5,  fig.  5. 

Inhabits  the  coast  of  Florida. 

2.  A.  elegans ,'Con.,  Miocene  Shells,  p.  67,  pi.  38,  fig.  1. 

Encyc.  Method,  t.  279,  fig.  2. 

Lister,  t.  288. 

Chemn.  vii.  pi.  37,  fig.  392. 

A.  concentrica ,  Reeve,  (not  Born)  Conch.  Icon.  pi.  11,  fig.  8. 

Inhabits  the  southern  coast  of  Florida.  Common  in  Tampa  Bay.  Fossil  in 
Post-Pliocene  on  the  Neuse  river,  North  Carolina. 

3.  A.  discos,  Reeve,  Conch.  Icon.  pi.  11,  fig.  9. 

Cytherea  concentrica ,  Chenu,  (not  Born,)  pi.  10,  fig.  5. 

Inhabits  the  coasts  of  the  Middle  and  Southern  States.  It  has  been  found  as 
far  north  as  Cape  May,  and  is  commoi}  in  Tampa  Bay,  Florida. 

Fossil  Species. 

A.  LENTICULARIS. 

Cytherea  lenticvlaris ,  Rodgers,  Trans.  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.,  2d  series,  vi.,  p. 
372,  pi.  28,  fig.  1. 

Locality.  Eastern  Virginia,  in  the  Eocene. 

A.  EXCAVATA. 

Cytherea  excavata ,  Morton,  Cretaceous  Group  of  the  United  States,  p.  67, 
pi.  5,  fig.  1. 

Locality.  Arneytown,  N.  J.,  in  cretaceous  green  sand. 

ACANTHINA,  Fischer. 

Monoceros,  Lam. 

This  genus,  very  nearly  connected  with  Purpura ,  does  not  abound  in  species 
either  recent  or  fossil.  It  makes  its  first  appearance  in  the  Eocene,  and  I  have 
not  met  with  it  anywhere  in  this  country,  except  in  the  older  Eocene  of  Ala¬ 
bama.  Three  species  referred  to  Buccinum  by  Deshayes  in  his  Coq.  Foss, 
viz.  obtusum ,  semicostatum  and  patulum ,  must  either  be  arranged  in  the  present 
genus  or  in  Sowerby’s  genus  Gastridium ,  which  does  not  materially  differ  from 
Acanthina ,  the  only  variation  consisting  in  its  small  or  obsolete  tooth.  In  the 
Claiborne  species  the  tooth,  though  small,  is  never  obsolete  in  perfect  spe¬ 
cimens. 

Sub-Genus  Gastridium,  Sowerby. 

A.  vetusta,  Con. 

Monoceros  vetustrtsy  Con.,  Foss.  Shells,  p.  37,  pi.  15,  fig.  3. 

M.  pyruloides,  Lea,  Contributions,  p.  161,  pi.  5,  fig.  166. 

M.  fusiformisy  ib.  ib.  p.  162,  pi.  5,  fig.  167. 


1853.] 


321 


CoRNULINA,  Con . 

Shell  short-fusiform,  spinous ;  columella  rounded;  labrum  with  three  teeth> 
two  of  them  very  small. 

This  genus  embraces  three  Eocene  species,  which  differ  from  Monoceros  in 
having  a  rounded  columella  and  three  teeth  on  the  labrum. 

1.  C.  MINAX. 

Murex  minax ,  Brander,  Desh.  Coq.  Foss.  pi.  77,  fig.  1,  2. 

2.  C.  ARAIIGERA,  Co7l . 

Short-fusiform,  ventricose,  ponderous,  with  two  remote  series  of  distant, 
prominent  thick  spines,  the  one  on  the  shoulder,  the  other  below,  commencing 
near  the  columella  and  rather  below  the  middle  of  the  large  volution ;  base 
carinated ;  labrum  with  a  short  conical  tooth  and  two  small  teeth  situated 
below  it. 

Monoceros  armigerus ,  Con.,  Foss. 'Shells  of  Tert.  Form.  p.  37,  pi.  15,  fig.  1, 
Oct.  1833  ;  Bronn.  Index  Pal.  p.  471. 

Melongena  armigera ,  Con.,  Foss.  Shells,  1st  ed.  Aug.  1833. 

Fusus  Taitii,  Lea,  Cont.  to  Geol.  p.  152,  pi.  5,  fig.  159,  Dec.  1833. 

Locality.  Claiborne,  Alabama.  Not  uncommon. 

The  labrum  of  this  shell  is  generally  broken,  but  when  entire,  it  shows  two 
very  small  teeth  in  addition  to  the  one  situated  at  the  termination  of  the  re¬ 
volving  groove. 

3.  C.  CRASSICORNUTA,  Con: 

Melongena  crassicornuta,  Con.,  Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  2d  series,  pi.  11,  fig.  31. 
The  labrum  of  the  only  specimen  found  is  broken,  but  the  shell  so  nearly 
resembles  C.  minax ,  that  it  is  confidently  arranged  in  the  same  genus. 


On  motion  of  Dr.  Elvvyn,  it  was  Resolved ,  that  the  Secretary  be 
directed  to  call  a  special  meeting  of  the  Academy,  on  Tuesday  evening 
next,  for  the  purpose  of  considering  the  expediency  of  erecting  a  new 
Hall. 

Mr.  Vaux  presented  the  following  Report : 

The  Committee  appointed  to  procure  funds  for  the  purchase  of  the 
Anatomical  collection  belonging  to  the  estate  of  the  late  Dr.  Samuel 
George  Morton,  and  now  in  the  Museum  of  the  Academy,  report  that 
they  have  procured  the  sum  of  $4000,  which  is  the  price  agreed  for,, 
and  they  at  the  same  time  submit  the  following  list  of  names,  being 
those  of  gentlemen,  to  whose  liberality  the  Academy  is  indebted  for  the 
advantage  of  possessing  the  collection  in  question  in  its  own  right. 

(Signed)  Wm.  S.  Vaux, 

Charles  D.  Meigs, 

John  Cooke. 


Subscribers  to  Dr.  Morton’s  Anatomical  Collection. 

Charles  Henry  Fisher,  Thomas  Biddle,  Henry  J.  Williams,  Charles 
D.  Meigs,  Thomas  T.  Lea,  John  Farnum,  John  A.  Brown,  William 
Welsh,  Richard  Price,  Morris  L.  Hallowell,  Joseph  D.  Brown,  William 
Platt,  Joseph  Swift,  Singleton  A.  Mercer,  A.  J.  Lewis,  George  W. 
Carpenter,  George  B.  Wood,  J.  Francis  Fisher,  David  S.  Brown,  John 
B.  Meyers,  Lewis  R.  Ashhurst,  Caleb  Cope,  Richard  D.  Wood,  Samuel 
V.  Merrick,  James  Dundas,  J.  Pemberton  Hutchinson,  Henry  Pepper, 
John  Cooke,  John  Lambert,  Robert  Pearsall,  Joseph  S.  Lovering, 


S22 


[April, 


J.  G.  Fell,  Caspar  W.  Pennock,  John  Grigg,  Joseph  Jeanes,  Thomas 
P.  Remington,  John  Price  Wetherill,  Henry  Seybert,  (each  of  the 
above  $100.)  Thomas  MeEwen,  Robert  Swift,  Jacob  G.  Morris, 
Wm.  S.  Vaux,  (each  $50.) 

On  motion,  the  Committee  was  authorized  to  receive  the  amount  sub¬ 
scribed,  and  to  consummate  the  purchase. 


ELECTION. 

Prof.  John  C.  Cresson,  Wm.  Byrd  Page,  M.  D.,  Edmund  Lang, 
M.  D.,  Wm.  Hembel  Taggart,  M.  D.,  all  of  Philadelphia,  and  Dr. 
Charles  C.  Benton,  of  Antwerp,  N.  Y.,  were  elected  Members  of  the 
Academy. 


1853.] 


323 


May  3<7,  1853. 

Mr.  Ord,  President,  in  the  Chair. 

Letters  were  read — 

From  H.  W.  Ravenel,  dated  Aiken,  S.  C.,  April  18,  1853,  trans¬ 
mitting  a  copy  of  his  recent  work  entitled  “  Fungi  Exsiccati  Caro- 
liniani,"  aunounc  jd  this  evening. 

From  the  American  Philosophical  Society,  dated  April  20, 1853 ;  from 
the  Secretary  of  the  Trustees  of  the  New  York  State  Library,  dated 
Albany,  April  4th,  1853  ;  from  the  Smithsonian  Institution;  and  from 
the  Royal  Academy  of  Sciences  of  Vienna,  dated  7th  Oct.,  1852,  seve¬ 
rally  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  the  Proceedings. 

From  the  Secretary  of  the  Royal  Imperial  Geological  Institution  at 
Vienna,  dated  2d  Jan.,  1853,  transmitting  the”  volumes  of  its  Trans¬ 
actions  announced  this  evening. 

From  Mr.  P.  W.  Sheafer,  dated  Pottsville,  Pa.,  April  21,  1853,  and 
from  Prof.  John  C.  Crosson,  dated  April  28,  1853,  severally  acknow¬ 
ledging  the  receipt  of  their  notices  of  election  as  Members  of  the  Aca¬ 
demy. 

Dr.  Wetherill  gave  a  verbal  statement  of  the  results  of  an  analysis, 
by  himself,  of  Fusel  Oil,  from  Indian  Corn.  He  had  found,  among  its 
other  constituents,  Caprylic  acid. 


Immediately  upon  the  adjournment  of  the  above  meeting,  a  Special 
Meeting  of  the  Society  was  held,  in  pursuance  of  a  Resolution  adopted 
April  26,  1853. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

The  object  of  the  meeting  being  to  consider  the  expediency  of  erect¬ 
ing  a  new  Hall,  a  discussion  took  place  among  the  Members,  which 
resulted  in  the  unanimous  adoption  of  the  following  resolution,  offered 
by  Dr.  Rand : 

Resolved.  That  it  is  inexpedient  for  the  Academy  to  take  any  steps 
towards  changing  its  location  at  the  present  time. 

Also  Resolved ,  That  the  Building  Committee  be  requested  to  obtain 
the  professional  opinion  of  the  Counsel  of  the  Academy  upon  the  pro¬ 
posed  plan  for  the  enlargement  of  the  Hall. 

May  10th. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

Dr.  Le  Conte  presented  the  following  papers  for  publication  in  the 
Proceedings:  1,  “Synopsis  of  the  Meloides  of  the  United  States/' 
2,  “  Synopsis  of  the  Endomychidse  of  the  United  States;"  and  3,  “  Sy¬ 
nopsis  of  the  Atopidae,  Ilhipiceridae  and  Cyphonidae  of  the  United 
States,"  all  of  which  were  referred  to  the  following  Committee  :  Prof. 
Ilaldeman,  Dr.  Ruschenberger  and  Dr.  Zantzinger. 

Dr.  Ruschenberger  stated  that  he  had  received  a  letter  from  Lieut. 

PROCEED.  ACAD.  NAT.  SCI.  OF  PHILADELPHIA,  VOL.  VI.,  NO.  IX.  51 


i 


S24 


[May, 


Maury,  enclosing  one  from  Signor  Juan  Espinoza,  dated  Lima,  10th 
March,  185B,  addressed  to  J.  Randolph  Clay,  Esq.,  TJ.  S.  Charge  at 
Lima,  containing  some  observations  on  Aerolites  and  Earthquakes. 

Sig.  Espinoza  stated  that  he  had,  on  several  occasions,  observed  the 
phenomenon  of  the  detachment  of  the  armature  of  a  suspended  magnet 
just  before  an  earthquake. 

The  following  resolutions  were  unanimously  adopted : 

Resolved ,  That  the  thanks  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of 
Philadelphia  be  presented  to  Charles  Henry  Fisher,  Esq.,  and  Thomas 
Riddle,  Esq.,  for  the  valuable  aid  rendered  by  them  to  the  Committee 
appointed  by  the  Society  to  obtain  subscriptions  for  the  purchase  of  the 
Anatomical  Collection  of  the  late  Dr.  Samuel  George  Morton. 

Resolved ,  That  the  thanks  of  the  Society  be  presented  to  Mr.  Wm. 
S.  Yaux,  Dr.  Charles  D.  Meigs  and  Mr.  John  Cooke,  Committee  ap¬ 
pointed  to  procure  the  subscription  for  the  purchase  of  Dr.  Morton’s 
Anatomical  Collection. 


May  24th. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

A  letter  was  read  from  the  Royal  Academy  of  Sciences  of  Brussels, 
dated  16th  June,  1852,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  the  Journal  of  the 
Academy,  vol.  2,  part  2,  new  series. 

Also  a  letter  from  the  Academy  of  Sciences  of  Wurtemburg,  dated 
Stuttgart,  March  8th,  1853,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  the  Proceed¬ 
ings  for  1850  and  1851,  and  Nos.  1  and  2  of  vol.  6th. 

On  motion  of  Dr.  Leidy,  it  was 

Resolved ,  That  the  Secretary  be  instructed  to  invite  the  Conventions, 
General  Assemblies  and  other  respectable  Bodies,  nowin  session  in  this 
city,  to  visit  the  Museum  on  specified  afternoons. 


May  31  st. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

Prof.  Alphonse  De  Candolle,  of  Geneva,  was  elected  a  Correspondent , 
and  the  following  were  elected  Members  of  the  Academy  : 

Messrs.  Frederick  Graff,  Edmund  Draper,  Wm.  G.  E.  Agnew,  Dr.  E. 
B.  Gardette,  Messrs.  Chas.  Henry  Fisher,  Thomas  T.  Lea,  Thos.  Biddle, 
John  Farnum,  John  A.  Brown,  William  Welsh,  J.  Francis  Fisher, 
David  S.  Brown,  Lewis  R.  Ashhurst,  John  B.  Meyers,  Richard  D.  Wood, 
Samuel  V.  Merrick,  Henry  Pepper,  J.  Pemberton  Hutchinson,  Richard 
Price,  Morris  L.  Hallowed,  Joseph  D.  Brown,  William  Platt,  Joseph 
Swift,  Singleton  A.  Mercer,  A.  J.  Lewis,  John  Grigg,  Joseph  Jeanes, 
and  Thomas  P.  Remington,  all  of  Philadelphia. 


1853.] 


325 


June  7  th. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

Letters  were  read — 

From  the  Royal  Academy  of  Sciences  of  Naples,  dated  25th  August, 
1852,  accompanying  donations  of  its  Transactions,  &c.,  announced  this 
evening. 

From  Sig.  Achille  Costa,  dated  Naples,  20th  Nov.,  1852,  trans¬ 
mitting  the  copies  of  his  works  announced  this  evening. 

A  paper  by  Prof.  Haldeman,  describing  new  species  of  Insects,  with 
observations  on  described  species,  was  presented,  and  referred  to  the 
following  Committee :  Dr.  Le  Conte,  Dr.  Leidy  and  Dr.  Ruschen- 
berger. 

A  paper  was  also  presented  from  Mr.  Chas.  Girard,  of  Washington, 
entitled  4<  Descriptions  of  new  Nemerteans  and  Planarians  from  the 
Coast  of  the  Carolinas.”  Referred  to  the  same  Committee, 

Mr.  Cassin  presented  a  continuation  of  Dr.  P.  R.  Hoy’s  paper  on  the 
Ornithology  of  Wisconsin,  which  was  referred  to  the  Committee  on  the 
previous  portions  of  the  paper. 


June  14  th. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

Letters  were  read — 

From  Dr.  G.  Hartlaub,  dated  Bremen,  14th  May,  1853,  acknow¬ 
ledging  the  receipt  of  his  notice  of  election  as  a  Correspondent. 

From  J.  W.  Dawson,  Esq.,  of  Pictou,  Nova  Scotia,  dated  April  23d, 
1853,  accompanying  the  specimens  of  coal  fossils  from  that  country, 
presented  this  evening. 

From  the  Corresponding  Secretary  of  the  American  Academy  of  Arts 
and  Sciences,  dated  Boston,  June  7th,  1853,  transmitting  part  1,  vol.  5, 
of  the  Memoirs  of  that  Institution,  and  requesting  certain  Nos.  of  the 
Proceedings  of  this  Society. 

From  Dr.  T.  R.  Beck,  Secretary  of  the  Trustees  of  the  New  York 
State  Library,  dated  Albany,  June  9th,  1853,  acknowledging  the  receipt 
of  the  last  No.  of  the  Proceedings. 

Dr.  Leidy  read  an  interesting  letter  from  Mr.  Isaac  Lea,  dated  Vienna, 
May,  1853,  and  enclosing  a  communication,  designed  for  publication 
in  the  Proceedings,  entitled,  “  Notice  of  the  Mya  nodulosa,  Wood,  by 
Isaac  Lea.”  The  latter  was  referred  to  Dr.  Leidy,  Dr.  Pickering  and 
Major  Le  Conte. 


June  21st. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

Letters  were  read — 

From  the  Royal  Academy  of  Sciences  of  Brussels,  dated  16th  June, 
1852,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  the  Journal,  part  2,  vol.  2,  new 
series. 


326 


[June, 


From  the  Wurtemberg  Society  of  Natural  Sciences,  dated  March  8th, 
1853,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  late  Nos.  of  the  Proceedings. 

From  the  American  Philosophical  Society,  dated  June  21,  1853,  also 
acknowledging  the  receipt  of  the  last  No.  of  the  Proceedings. 

A  paper  was  presented  from  Prof.  Baird  and  Mr.  Chas.  Girard, 
intended  for  publication  in  the  Proceedings,  entitled  “  Descriptions  of 
some  new  Fishes  from  the  River  Zuni.”  Referred  to  Mr.  Cassin,  Dr. 
Henderson  and  Dr.  Le  Conte. 

Mr.  Cassin  presented  a  “  Catalogue  of  the  Hirundinidae  in  the  Col¬ 
lection  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences/’  intended  for  publication, 
which  was  referred  to  Dr.  Wilson,  Dr.  Le  Conte  and  Mr.  Phillips. 

Mr.  Cassin  presented  a  second  paper  for  publication  in  the  Proceed¬ 
ings,  describing  new  species  of  Swallows  and  Parrots  in  the  Collection 
of  the  Academy.  Referred  to  same  Committee. 

Major  Le  Conte  exhibited  a  single  valve  of  Dipsas  plicatus,  in  which 
the  shell  had  been  opened,  and  small  images  of  lead  inserted,  which  the 
animal  had  covered  with  nacre,  forming  artificial  pearls. 

Dr.  Le  Conte  made  some  remarks  on  the  specimens  of  Scalops  in  the  Col¬ 
lection  of  the  Academy,  and  pointed  out  the  want  of  uniformity  in  the  generic 
characters  separating  that  genus  from  Talpa. 

In  many  of  our  species  the  number  of  teeth  is  the  same  as  in  Talpa  europaea, 
the  only  differences  being  in  the  size  of  the  first  and  fourth  teeth  ;  the  latter  of 
which  is  much  elongated  in  the  European  mole,  while  in  ours  it  is  either  of  the 
same  size  or  scarcely  perceptibly  larger  than  the  adjacent  teeth. 

In  Scalops  aquaticus  alone  does  the  dentition  show  any  decided  modification  ; 
the  teeth  are  here  only  36  in  number ;  their  form  and  situation  are  already  well 
known,  and  are  described  in  all  systematic  works ;  the  anterior  upper  tooth 
is  enlarged,  as  in  the  other  American  moles,  hut  to  a  still  greater  extent. 
The  hind  feet  are  also  webbed,  almost  to  the  root  of  the  nail,  while  in  the  others 
the  toes  are  separated  as  in  Talpa. 

The  form  of  the  snout  is  also  mentioned  among  the  generic  differences.  In 
Talpa  the  snout  is  broad  and  depressed  and  the  nostrils  are  terminal.  In  Scalops 
aquaticus,  the  snout  is  moderately  depressed  and  the  nostrils  superior.  In  S. 
Townsendii  and  aeneus,  the  snout  is  much  elongated,  slender,  and  the  nostrils  are 
superior.  In  S.  Breweri,  the  snout  has  the  same  slender  form  as  in  the  two  last 
mentioned,  but  the  nostrils  are  entirely  lateral. 

In  view  of  the  unsatisfactory  nature  of  these  differences,  Dr.  Le  Conte  be¬ 
lieves  that  it  is  better  to  suppress  the  genus  Scalops,  and  place  all  the  species 
under  Talpa,  than  still  farther  to  subdivide  the  group  into  genera.  Talpa  may 
then  be  divided  into  three  groups  : 

1.  Dentes  44,  4to  superiore  et  5to  inferioribus  maiore;  rostrum  latum  depres- 
sum,  naribus  terminalibus  ;  pedes  postici  non  palmati. 

To  this  group  belong  Talpa  europaea  and  T.  cceca,  both  European;  and  dif¬ 
fering  in  the  size  of  the  incisor  teeth,  the  middle  of  which  are  larger  than  the 
lateral  ones  in  T.  cceca,  while  all  are  equal  in  T.  europaea. 

There  is  in  the  Academy  a  specimen  labelled  “  Scalops  Breweri, ’’  which 
belongs  to  this  division,  and  by  description  approaches  to  Talpa  cceca,  in  the 
increased  size  of  the  middle  incisors.  In  comparison  with  T.  europaea,  besides 
the  difference  in  the  incisors,  the  four  small  teeth  following  the  long  canine-like 
teeth  of  the  upper  jaw,  show  great  differences.  In  the  one  under  consideration, 
the  three  anterior  ones  are  equal  ami  very  small,  and  the  fourth  is  larger  and 
simply  compressed,  not  lobed,  though  declivous  posteriorly.  In  the  lower  jaw, 
the  enlarged  canine-like  5th  tooth  is  followed  by  four  small  simple  and  equal 
teeth;  then  followr  the  ordinary  cuspidate  teeth,  which  present  no  appreciable 


1853.] 


327 


differences.  In  color  the  specimen  precisely  resembles  Talpa  europaea  ;  the  hair 
of  the  tail  is,  however,  entirely  black. 

Nose  to  root  of  tail . 4*8  inches. 

Tail . -8  « 

Locality  unknown.  For  this  new  species  the  name  T.  reposta  is  pro¬ 
posed. 


2.  Dentes  44,  incisivis  mediis  superioribus  magnis,  dente  4to  superiore  vix 
elongato  :  rostrum  elongatum,  gracile  naribus  vel  lateralibus,  vel  supernis  ;  pedes 
postici  non  palmati. 

Of  the  seven  teeth  following  the  enlarged  incisors  of  the  upper  jaw,  the  three 
first  are  pointed,  conical,  and  increase  gradually  in  size  ;  the  three  next  are 
small,  very  slightly  compressed,  and  also  increase,  a  little  in  size;  the  7th  is 
triangular,  moderately  large,  and  has  a  small  antero-internal  cusp,  which  is 
larger  in  T.  Breweri  than  in  the  other  species,  which  seem  to  differ  principally 
in  color.  The  following  table  will  express  the  relations  : 


Nares  laterales. 

Cinereo-nigra,  cauda  longa,  valde  pilosa 

Nares  superni,  cauda  brevi  parce  pilosa. 
jEneo  brunea  ungues  antici  nigri  . 

Concolor,  (fusco-nigra)  pedibus  solis  pallidioribus 
Cinereo-nigra,  pedibus  pallidis,  fronte  vittaque  inferna 
albis  . 


Breweri. 
ae  n  e  a.* 

To  wnsendii. 
t  ae  n  i  a  t  a. 


The  singularly  marked  specimens  referred  by  Dr.  Bachman  (Jour.  Acad.  8, 
58,  and  Bost.  Journ.  Nat.  Hist.  4,  31,)  as  varieties  of  Scalops  Town=endii,  and 
afterwards  (Quadr.  of  America,  pi.  145,)  erroneously  figured  by  Mr.  Audu¬ 
bon  as  the  type,  seem  to  present  sufficient  characters  to  rank  as  a  distinct 
species.  The  third  tooth  of  the  upper  jaw  following  the  large  incisor  is 
more  elongated  than  in  the  true  Talpa  Townsendii :  the  posterior  cusps  of  the 
7th  and  8th  lower  teeth,  although  distinct,  are  smaller  than  in  T.  Townsendii, 
and  there  is  no  distinct  internal  basal  margin  connected  with  the  cusp.  I  have, 
therefore,  separated  it  as  distinct  under  the  name  Talpa  1  ae  n  i  a  t  a. 


3.  Dentes  36,  primo  superiore,  2do  inferiore  magnis,  rostrum  subdepressum, 
naribus  supernis  ;  pedes  postici  palmati. 

This  group  contains  the  typical  Scalops  aquaticus,  and  probably  also  S.lati- 
tnanus  Bachman,  (Bost.  Journ.  4,  34),  which  differs  by  its  coarser  and  slightly 
curled  hair,  and  larger  anterior  feet.  A  specimen  in  the  Academy  differs  from 

S.  aquaticus  in  being  much  larger  (equal  in  size  to  Talpa  Europaea,)  and  in 
having  much  larger  anterior  feet :  the  hair  is,  however,  soft  and  lustrous,  as  in 

T.  a  q  u  a  t  ic  a  ;  the  color  is  uniform  yellowish  brown  at  tip,  dark  cinereous  at 
base;  feet  and  tail  pale;  the  latter  is  short  and  naked.  This  appears  to  be  the 
yellow  mole  of  Pennant,  (Synops.  Quadrupeds,  p.  312,)  described  from  a  speci¬ 
men  without  teeth,  and  referred,  on  account  of  its  size,  to  T.  europaea.  The 
dentition  of  our  specimen  show’s  no  difference  worthy  of  notice.  This  species 
should  be  called  Talpa  Pennant  i‘i. 

Unknown  in  recent  times  is  Talpa  cupreata  Raf.  (Precis  des  decouvertes 
et  travaux  Somiologiques,  Palerme,  1814,  page  14.)  The  description  is  as 
follows  : 

e(  Queue  le  septieme  de  la  longueur,  totale  brun  luisant  argente,  a  reflets 
cuivres  et  pourpres,  gorge  legerement  roussatre,  museau  couleur  de  chair  et  nu, 
pieds  concolors. — Obs.  De  I’Amer.  septentrionale.” 

Probably  identical  with  this  species  is  the  black  and  shining  purple  mole  from 
Virginia  described  by  Seba,  p.  51,  plate  32,  and  the  purple  species  described  by 
Dr.  T.  W.  Harris,  in  the  New  England  Farmer. 


Scalops  cenezts  Cassin,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  6,  299. 


328 


[J  UNE, 


June  28 tli. 


Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 


The  Committee  to  which  was  referred  the  following  papers  by  Dr. 
Le  Conte,  reported  in  favor  of  publication  : 


Synopsis  of  the  JMeloides  of  the  United  States. 
Bv  John  L.  Le  Conte,  M.  D. 


The  species  of  this  family  are  very  numerous  ;  those  found  in  our  territory 
may  he  divided  into  the  following  genera  : 


A.  Ungues  non  serrati. 

Elytra  abbreviata,  imbricata,  unguibus  fissis 
Elytra  non  imbricata,  unguibus  dentatis 
Elytra  connata,  unguibus  fissis  ..... 
Elytris  integris  non  connatis,  unguibus  fissis  : 

Tarsi  articulo  penultimo  non  emarginato  . 

Tarsi  articulo  penultimo  emarginato  .... 

B.  Ungues  serrati,  appendice  instructi. 

Maxillae  elongatae . 

Maxillae  breves. 

Ungues  appendicibus  filiformibus. 

Antennae  filiformes . 

Antennae  moniliatae . 

Ungues  appendicibus  latis  obtusis  .... 


Meloe  Lin. 
Cysteodemus  Lee. 
Henous  Hald. 

Lytta  Fabr. 
Tetraonyx  Latr. 

Nemognatha  III. 


Zonitis  Fabr. 

Horia  Fabr. 
Cephaloon  Newman. 


Meloe  Lin. 

a.  Antennae  maris  medio  dilatatae. 

1.  M.  rus;i  pen  n  i  s,  cyaneus,  capite  grosse  punctato,  thorace  angustiore, 
latitudine  sublongiore  basi  emarginato,  irregulariter  grosse  punctato,  elytris 
valde  intricato-rugosis.  Long.  *45 — 1*05. 

Middle  States,  not  rare.  The  elytra  are  stouter  than  in  the  two  next  species. 
The  abdomen  of  the  female  is  black  and  membranous  each  side:  the  middle 
part  is  more  uniformly  chagrined  than  in  the  male.  Very  similar  to  M.  viola- 
ceusy  but  less  shining,  and  with  much  rougher  elytra.  * 

2.  M.  mcerens,  niger,  vix  purpurascens,  capite  parcius  punctato,  thorace 
angustiore  subelongato,  basi  valde  emarginato,  lateribus  sinuato,  parce  punctato, 
medio  impresso,  elytris  subtilissime  rugosis,  punctis  parcis  minus  profundis  im- 
pressis.  Long.  *8. 

New  York.  This  is  a  rare  species,  of  which  I  possess  only  females,  although 
from  its  resemblance  in  form  to  the  preceding,  we  may  be  almost  confident  that 
the  antennae  of  the  male  are  irregular.  The  abdomen  is  densely  rugous,  the 
rugae  towards  the  middle  are  almost  longitudinal.  The  antennae  are  longer  than 
the  head  and  thorax,  and  slander. 

3.  M.  angusticollis,  obscure  violaceus,  capite  thoraceque  punctis  paucis 
parvis  impressis,  hoc  multo  angustiore,  elongato,  basi  emarginato,  elytris  sub- 
tilius  intricato-rugosis.  Long.  *3 — *8. 

Say,  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  3,  280. 

Middle  States.  The  thorax  is  more  than  one-half  narrower  than  the  head,  and 
is  nearly  one  half  longer  than  wide. 

4.  M.  impressus,  obscure  nigro-violaceus,  capite  thoraceque  sat  dense 
punctalis,  hoc  paulo  angustiore,  latitudine  vix  longiore,  postice  gradatim  angus- 
tato,  pone  medium  subcanaliculato,  elytris  minus  profunde  imbricato-rugosis. 
Long.  -5 — *6. 

Meloe  impressa  Kirby,  Fauna  Bor.  Am.  241. 

Var.  ?  Meloe  nigra  Kirby,  ibid.  241. 

Meloe  a.mericanusl  Brandt  and  Erichson,  Nov.  Act.  Leopold-Car.  16,  118. 


1853.] 


329 


Middle  States,  abundant.  Differs  from  M.  viol  actus  in  the  thorax  being 
shorter,  less  shining,  and  more  densely  punctured.  The  antennae  are  shorter 
and  stouter  than  in  the  two  preceding  species.  The  rugae  of  the  elytra 
are  broad,  but  not  deep;  the  rugae  of  the  abdomen  are  fine  and  irregular. 
M.  nigra  Kirby  seems  to  be  merely  a  faded  specimen;  at  least  the  very  short 
description  points  out  no  distinctive  character.  The  color  in  my  series  varies 
from  greenish  black  to  blackish  purple. 

5.  M.  per  plexus,  nigro-virescens,  opacus,  capite  thoraceque  minus  dense 
punctatis,  hoc  vix  angustiore,  latitudine  non  breviore,  lateribus  subsinuatis  basi 
subemarginato,  elytris  subtiliter  intricato-rugosis  apice  obtusioribus.  Long  *7. 

One  male  specimen,  Pennsylvania.  This  species  is  so  similar  in  characters 
to  the  preceding,  that  I  hesitate  to  consider  it  distinct.  On  close  comparison, 
however,  the  differences  are  absolutely  irreconcileable.  The  antennae  are  longer 
and  more  slender,  so  that  the  four  last  joints  are  equal  in  length  to  the  four  that 
precede  them.  The  punctures  of  the  head  and  thorax  are  less  dense  and  more 
equally  distributed ;  the  thorax,  instead  of  being  ovoid,  is  rather  bell  shaped, 
from  the  concavity  of  the  sides  ;  it  is  somewhat  narrowed  behind,  and  the  base 
is  scarcely  emarginate.  The  elytra  are  broader  and  much  more  obtuse  at  the 
apex  ;  the  basal  impression  is  altogether  transverse,  and  not  at  all  longitudinal. 
The  color  is  greenish  black,  becoming  distinctly  green  on  the  elytra. 

b.  Antennae  sexus  utriusque  conformes. 

6.  M.  parvus,  niger,  oparus,  capite  thoraceque  confertim  punctatis,  hoc  vix 
angustiore,  transverso,  subtiliter  canaliculato,  basi  truncato,  elytris  longioribus, 
granulis  distinetis  minus  elevatis  asperatis.  Long.  *33 — 43. 

Haldeman.  Stansbury’s  Report  of  Exploration  of  Salt  Lake,  377. 

StaFe;  collected  by  Mr.  Fern,  and  given  me  by  Haldeman.  The  antennae 
are  as  long  as  the  head  and  thorax,  the  third  joint  equal  to  the  two  next;  the 
dorsal  surface  of  the  abdomen  is  indistinctly  rugous. 

Species  dubia. 

M.  ame  ric  anus,  Leach ,  Lin.  Tr.,  11,  251,  pi.  18,  figs.  5  and  6. 

“  Caput  violascens,  punctis  miuutis  impressum.  Thorax  violascens,  punctis 
minutis  vage  impressus,  postice  emarginatus  et  marginatus.  Elytra  nigra,  sub- 
nitentia,  minime  rugulosa.  Abdomen  nigrum  subnitens,  rugulosum,  coriaceum. 
Pedes  nigri,  pilis  brevissimis  obtecti.  Ungues  interni  ferruginei,  externi  nigri.” 

The  antennae  in  the  figure  are  represented  slender,  as  in  M.  angusticollis  Say, 
and  M.  mcerens  Lee.  In  color  it  resembles  the  latter,  but  no  mention  is  made 
of  the  elytral  punctures,  which  form  a  very  conspicuous  character  of  that  spe¬ 
cies.  From  the  small  size  of  the  punctures  of  the  head  and  thorax  it  would 
appear  probable  that  Leach  had  M.  angusticollis  Say  in  view,  but  as  the  re¬ 
markably  small  size  of  the  thorax  is  not  alluded  to,  I  do  not  feel  justified  in 
sacrificing  Say’s  good  description  to  Leach’s  very  poor  one,  until  it  shall  be  ren¬ 
dered  necessary  by  the  examination  of  Leach’s  typical  specimens,  if  they  should 
still  exist. 

Cysteodemus  Lee. 

Although  possessing  a  species  of  this  curious  genus,  Brandt  and  Erichson 
seem  to  have  been  misled  by  its  external  resemblance  to  Meloe,  and  have  there¬ 
fore  failed  to  recognise  its  generic  value.  There  is  a  radical  difference  in  the 
elytra,  which,  instead  of  being  coriaceous  and  imbricate,  are  here  of  a  strong 
and  firm  structure,  with  the  suture  regular.  In  certain  species  the  elytra  are 
very  large,  so  as  to  extend  far  beyond  the  abdomen;  they  are  then  connate  at  the 
suture;  in  other  species  (the  first  division)  the  elytra  are  small,  although  con¬ 
vex  and  inflated  ;  they  are  then  entirely  separated,  and  commence  diverging 
from  the  very  base,  on  account  of  the  large  size  of  the  abdomen.  The  antennae 
are  short  and  filiform,  11-jointed,  the  2d  joint  short,  the  3d  scarcely  longer  than 
the  4th.  The  palpi  are  much  shorter  than  in  Meloe.  The  legs  are  long  and 
slender,  the  spurs  are  small,  slender  and  acute;  the  claws  of  the  tarsi  are 
toothed  near  the  base. 


330 


[June, 


Meloe  cancellatus  ' Br.  £  Er .,  (1.  c.  141,  tab.  8,  fig.  9,)  belongs  to  the  first 
division  of  this  genus,  but  is  distinguished  by  having  the  interstices  of  the  large 
punctures  of  the  elytra  red. 

a.  Elytra  divergentia,  abdomine  multo  breviora. 

1.  C.  v  i  1 1  a  t  u  s,  niger,  capite  thoraceque  opacis  vage  grosse  punctatis,  illo 
basi  fere  truncato,  hoc  subquadrato,  subtiliter  canaliculato,  basi  valde  emargi- 
nato,  elytris  brevibus,  inflatis,  obtusis  cribrato-punctatis  vitta  angusta  rubra 
utrinque  abbreviata  ;  abdomine  amplissimo  laevigato.  Long  .5-*7. 

New  Mexico.  Dr.  Wislizenus. 

b.  Elytra  amplissima,  connata. 

2.  C.  W  i  s  1  i  z  e  n  i,  supra  cyanescens,  nitidus,  capite  thoraceque  grosse  punc¬ 
tatis,  illo  postice  rotundato,  hoc  pentagono,  canaliculato,  angulis  lateralibus 
acutis,  elytris  splendide  cyaneis  sphericis,  foveis  profundis  confertis  cancellatis. 
Long.  *65. 

Le  Conte,  Ann.  Lye.  5, 158. 

New  Mexico,  Dr.  Wislizenus.  The  body  beneath  is  black ;  the  legs  are  steel 
blue. 

3.  C.  a  r  mat  us,  obscure  aeneo-olivaceus,  opacus,  capite  punctato,  postice 
canaliculato,  occipite  conico,  thorace  punctato,  utrinque  spina  acuta  armato, 
elytris  antrorsum  angustatis,  dorso  antice  late  depressis,  spatiis  impressis  irre- 
gularibus  reticulatis.  Long.  -4 — *65. 

Le  Conte,  Ann.  Lyc.  5,  158. 

On  the  desert  near  the  Colorado  river  of  California,  usually  on  Larrea  mexi- 
cana.  1  can  find  no  sexual  characters.  The  body  beneath  is  black,  the  legs  are 
steel-blue. 

Henous  llald. 

Though  the  characters  of  this  genus  approach  very  closely  to  Meloe,  yet  there 
is  again  a  difference  in  the  elytra,  which  are  connate,  and  not  at  all  imbricate. 
The  form  of  the  body  is  nearly  that  of  some  species  of  Lytta  ;  the  elytra  are  oblong- 
elongate,  convex,  a  little  shorter  than  the  abdomen  and  obtusely  obliquely  truncate 
at  tip.  The  antennae  are  filiform,  or  rather  setaceous,  the  2d  joint  short,  the  3d 
joint  as  long  as  the  two  following  united  ;  the  3d  to  the  6th  slightly  dilated  in  the 
male  ;  the  labrum  is  slightly  emarginate  ;  the  palpi,  as  in  Lytta,  moderately  Jong 
and  slightly  dilated.  The  legs  are  slender,  one  of  the  spurs  of  the  posterior 
tibiae  is  concave  and  obtuse :  the  ungues  are  cleft  to  the  base,  with  the  parts 
nearly  equal.  When  the  abdomen  of  the  female  is  distended,  the  upper  segments 
are  separated  from  the  central  segments  by  a  wide  membraneous  space. 

1.  H.  confertus,  ater  opacus,  subtiliter  dense  nigro-pubescens,  capite  tho¬ 
raceque  confertissime  punctatis,  hoc  non  angustiore,  antice  rotundato,  basi 
emarginato,  latitudine  non  breviore,  elytris  plus  duplo  latioribus  confertissime 
subtilius  scabro-punctatis.  Long.  *37 — 75. 

Meloe  conferta  Say,  Jour.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  3,  281. 

Henous  techanus  Haldeman,  Stansbury’s  Expedition  to  Great  Salt  Lake,  377, 
pi.  9,  fig.  12 — 14. 

Missouri  Territory  and  Texas,  not  rare.  The  thorax  is  finely  canaliculate, 
but  sometimes  this  character  is  scarcely  apparent. 

Lytta  Fahr. 

Cantharis\\  Geof. 

After  a  very  careful  study  of  the  numerous  species  of  this  genus  inhabiting 
the  United  States,  I  have  concluded  that  the  groups  separated  under  the  names 
Pyrota  Dej.,  Epicauta  Redt.  ( IDej .)  and  Tegrodera  Lee.,  are  unnecessary.  The 
only  characters  of  the  two  first  consist  in  the  form  of  the  antennae,  and  in  look¬ 
ing  over  a  number  of  species,  one  will  readily  perceive  that  there  is  a  legular 
transition  from  one  group  to  another  ;  other  forms  of  antennae  (such  as  appear 


1853.] 


331 


in  division  C.,)  although  equally  common,  and  less  intimately  related  to  the 
other  groups,  have  not,  however,  been  commemorated  by  a  generic  name. 

Tegrodera  Lee.  was  established  on  a  single  Californian  species,  differing 
remarkably  in  appearance  from  all  the  other  species  known  to  me,  and  having 
the  claws  of  the  tarsi  apparently  toothed  instead  of  bifid.  On  close  examination 
I  find  that  this  apparent  tooth  is  not  a  protuberance  on  the  claw,  as  in  Cysteo- 
demus,  but  merely  the  ordinary  inferior  division  of  the  claw,  which  is  here 
shorter  and  more  intimately  connected  with  the  claw  itself,  the  line  of  junction 
being  visible  quite  to  the  base  of  the  claw. 

In  consequence  of  the  changes  in  classification,  which  are  here  proposed,  I 
give  the  following  as  the  diagnosis  of  Lytta  : 

Corpus  praecipue  alatum,  elytris  integris  non  imbricatis ;  antennis  ll-articu- 
latis ;  unguiculis  tarsorum  non  serratis,  fissis,  parte  inferiore  plerumque  supe- 
riori  aequali;  tarsorum  articulo  4to  non  emarginato. 


A.  Antennas  apicem  versus  incrassato,  articulo  2do  breviore. 

A.  Labrum  subemarginatum. 

a.  Tibiae  posticae  calcaribus  duobus  obtusis  armatae  . 

b.  Tibiae  posticae  calcare  altero  cylindrico  truncato,  altero 

acuto  .......... 

c.  Tibiae  posticae  calcare  altero  concavo,  altero  acuto 

d.  Tibiae  posticae  calcaribus  duobus  tenuibus  subacutis 

B.  Labrum  valde  emarginatum . 

B.  Antennae  filiformes  vel  setaceae,  articulo  2do  breviore. 

e.  Corpus  glabrum,  antennae  laxae  articulatae  ;  tib.  post. 

calcare  externo  obtuso  ...... 

f.  Corpus  parce  pilosum,  calcaribus  posticis  subaequalibus  . 

g.  Corpus  pubescens,  antennis  laxe  articulatis  . 

h.  Antennae  articulatis  arete  coniunctis  : 

*  Ungues  aequaliter  fissi  ...... 

**  Ungues  parte  inferiore  minore  .  .  .  .  . 

C.  Antennae  setaceae,  articulo  lmo  valde  elongato. 

i.  Corpus  apterum . 

k.  Corpus  alatum  ........ 


Sp.  1. 

Sp.  2-  6. 
So.  7 — 16. 
Sp.  17—18. 
Sp.  19—33. 


Sp.  24—27. 
Sp.  28—30. 
Sp.  31—39. 

Sp.  40—41. 
Sp.  42—43. 

Sp.  44—45. 
Sp.  45—52. 


A. — a. 


1.  L.  vulnerata,  nigra nitida,  capite  postice, thoracisque  angulis  lateralibus 
acutis  rubris,  illo  basi  subemarginato  macula  occipitali  nigro,  elytris  subtiliter 
rugosis.  Long  *4 — 1*0. 

Cautharis  vulnerata  Le  Conte,  Ann.  Lyc.  5,  159. 

San  Diego,  September,  abundant  on  a  species  of  Baccharis.  Black  shining, 
above  glabrous.  Head  sparsely  punctured  in  front,  scarcely  so  behind,  slightly 
dilated  behind  the  eyes,  which  are  oblique  ;  base  subemarginate,  posterior  angles 
rounded,  with  a  large  rufous  spot  reaching  almost  to  the  eyes,  and  rxtending 
obliquely  forwards  meeting  the  opposite  spot,  so  as  to  enclose  a  large  occipital 
black  spot,  which  is  slightly  channeled;  clypeus  and  labrum  punctured  and  pu¬ 
bescent  with  erect  black  hairs.  Antennae  about  as  long  as  the  head  and  thorax, 
moderately  thickened,  with  the  external  joints  subglobular.  Thorax  scarcely 
wider  than  the  head,  pentagonal,  sparsely  punctured, disc  flattened,  lateral  angles 
acute,  marked  with  a  large  rufous  spot.  Elytra  finely  scabrous.  Legs  black, 
intermediate  tibiae  curved;  posterior  tibiae  armed  with  two  broad  spurs,  which 
are  concave  and  obtuse  at  their  apex. 


A.— b. 


2.  L.  fulvipennis,  nigra,  nigro-pubescens,  capite  thoraceque  rotundato 
subtilius  punctatis,  illo  puncto  verticali  rubro,  elytris  glabris  opacis,  fulvis  dense 
scabro-punctatis.  Long.  *70. 

Texas  and  Mexican  Boundary  Commission  ;  Col.  J.  D.  Graham  and  Dr. 
Woodhouse.  The  antennae  are  incrassated  externally,  a  little  wider  than  the 
head  and  thorax,  with  the  outer  joints  subglobular;  the  thorax  is  somewhat 


832 


[June, 


flattened  on  the  disc,  not  wider  than  the  head  and  almost'round  ;  the  scutellum 
is  black ;  the  elytra  are  nearly  twice  as  wide  as  the  thorax,  glabrous,  fulvous  or 
luteo-rufous,  densely  punctured  and  entirely  without  lustre.  The  intermediate 
tibiae  are  curved;  the  external  spur  of  the  posterior  tibiae  is  very  broad  and 
stout,  obliquely  truncate  at  tip. 

3.  C.  d  i  c  hr  oa,  nigra,  supra  glabra  lutea,  capite  antice  antennisque  nigris, 
thorace  subrotundato  minus  convexo,  parce  punctato,  nigro  biguttato,  elytris 
sesqui  latioribus  subtilins  scabro-punctatis.  Long.  *75. 

One  specimen,  Mexican  Boundary;  collected  by  Mr.  Clark,  under  Col.  J.  D. 
Graham.  Head  sparsely  punctured  black  behind  the  eyes  luteous,  sides  parallel, 
base  broadly  rounded.  Antennae  scarcely  as  long  as  the  head  and  thorax,  joints 
from  the  4th  subglobular,  increasing  in  size,  last  joint  oval,  acute.  Thorax  as 
broad  as  the  head,  rounded,  very  slightly  transverse,  base  broadly  rounded, 
slightly  margined,  disc  not  convex,  obsoletely  channeled,  sparsely  punctured, 
marked  with  two  black  dots  before  the  middle.  Scutel  black.  Elytra  one  half 
wider  than  the  thorax,  scabrous  with  punctures  which  are  somewhat  smaller 
than  in  C.  fulvipennis.  Beneath  black,  middle  tibiae  curved;  outer  spur  of  the 
posterior  tibiae  very  thick,  and  cylindrical,  obliquely  truncate. 

4.  L.  biguttata,  nigra,  parce  pallide  pubescens,  capite  parce  punctato, 
puncto  verticali  tlavo,  thorace  convexo  luteo,  nigro-bipunctato,  elytris  luteis 
scabro-punctatis  macula  utrinque  pone  medium  nigra.  Long.  *4. 

Santa  Fe,  New  Mexico;  Fendler.  Body  black,  above  and  below  thinly  pubes¬ 
cent  with  pale  hair.  Head  black,  sparsely  and  coarsely  punctured,  base  almost 
truncate  ;  vertex  with  a  yellow  spot,  eyes  moderately  large.  Antennae  scarcely 
longer  than  the  head  and  thorax,  thickened  externally,  outer  joints  subglobular, 
in  the  male  the  4th,  5th  and  6th  joints  are  a  little  swollen,  so  that  the  3d  joint  is 
smaller  than  the  4th.  Thorax  convex,  rounded,  impressed  and  subemarginate  at 
base,  luteous  shining,  sparsely  punctured,  with  two  small  black  spots  on  the  disc, 
and  occasionally  another  one  each  side  on  the  edge  of  the  disc.  Scutel  black. 
Elytra  twice  as  wide  as  the  thorax,  scabrous-punctured  dull  yellow,  with  a  black 
spot  on  each  behind  the  middle  ;  the  extreme  margin  of  the  suture  is  black  ante¬ 
riorly.  The  feet  vary  from  luteous  to  black;  when  they  are  luteous,  the  knees 
and  tarsi  are  fuscous  :  the  intermediate  tibiae  are  curved;  the  outer  spur  of  the 
posterior  tibiae  is  thick,  cylindrical  and  obliquely  truncate  at  the  tip;  the  inner 
one  is  shorter  and  acute.  The  body  beneath  is  black,  the  last  joints  of  the  ab¬ 
domen  more  or  less  yellow  on  the  sides. 

5.  L.  nitidicollis,  nigra,  capite  thoraceque  luteo-flavis  nitidis  parce  punc- 
tatis,  hoc  longiusculo,  elytris  subopacis  luteis  scabris.  Long.  *65. 

Cantharis  nitidicollis  Le  Conte,  Ann.  Lyc.  5,  160. 

San  Diego,  California,  June,  not  common.  Head  above  and  below  shining 
reddish  yellow,  very  sparsely  punctured,  sides  behind  the  eyes  parallel,  base 
broadly  rounded  ;  eyes  moderately  large  ;  mouth  black  ;  antennae  longer  than  the 
head  and  thorax,  slightly  thickened  externally,  outer  joints  oblong,  slightly 
rounded.  Thorax  a  little  narrower  than  the  head,  longer  than  wide,  narrowed 
in  front,  shining  reddish  yellow,  very  sparsely  punctured,  with  a  shallow  trans¬ 
verse  concavity  before  the  middle.  Scutel  black  or  dusky.  Elytra  twice  as 
wide  as  the  thorax,  luteous,  scabrous-punctate,  almost  without  lustre,  with  two 
slight  lines  more  distinct  lhan  usual.  Body  and  feet  black,  the  intermediate 
tibiae  slightly  bent,  posterior  tibiae  with  the  external  spur  cylindrical,  thick  and 
obliquely  truncate,  the  inner  one  small,  slender,  subacute. 

6.  L.  m  ce  r  e  n  s,  atra,  subopaca,  capite  thoraceque  parce  punctatis,  hoc  sub- 
quadrato,  antice  rotundato  ad  medium  breviter  canalicuiato,  elytris  thorace  sesqui 
latioribus  scabris.  Long.  .7. 

Cantharis  mcsrens  Le  Conte,  Ann.  Lyc.  5,  216. 

One  specimen,  Sacramento,  California,  collected  by  Mr.  J.  Child,  and  given 
me  by  Mr.  S.  S.  Rathvon.  Body  entirely  dull  black.  Head  a  little  dilated  be¬ 
hind  the  eyes,  which  are  oblique  and  moderate,  base  truncate,  surface  thinly  and 
coarsely  punctured,  vertex  subcanaliculate  ;  front  before  the  antennae  transversely 


1353.] 


333 


sulcate.  Antennae  scarcely  longer  than  the  head  and  thorax,  moderately  thick¬ 
ened,  external  joints  rounded,  a  little  longer  than  wide,  slightly  conical.  Thorax 
nearly  as  wide  as  the  head,  subquadrate,  rounded  on  the  sides  anteriorly,  disc  not 
convex,  sparsely  punctured,  with  a  short  impressed  line  at  the  middle.  Elytra 
one  half  wider  than  the  thorax,  parallel,  densely  and  tolerably  finely  scabrous. 
Middle  tibiae  curved;  posterior  tibiae  with  the  outer  spur  more  slender  than 
usual,  cylindrical,  obliquely  truncate  at  tip;  inner  one  half  as  long,  subacute. 

A. — c. 

7.  L.  tenebrosa,  nigra  fere  opaca,  capite  punctato,  gutta  verticali  rubra 
notato  thoraceque  alutaceis,  hoc  subquadrato,  antice  angustato,  parce  punctato, 
obsolete  canaiiculato,  elytris  duplo  latioribus  subtiliter  scabro-punctatis. 
Long.  *6 — *8. 

Cantharis  tenebrosa  Le  Conte,  Ann.  Lyc.  5,  160. 

San  Diego,  California,  two  specimens.  Body  dull  black,  more  robust  than 
usual.  Head  opaque  with  fine  rugosities,  coarsely  punctured, dilated  behind  the 
eyes,  and  almost  emarginate  at  base;  vertex  impressed,  with  a  small  red  spot. 
Antennae  shorter  than  the  head  and  thorax,  stouter  than  usual,  incrassated  exter¬ 
nally,  with  the  outer  joints  subglobular.  Thorax  not  narrower  than  the  head, 
finely  rugous  like  it,  but  very  sparsely  punctured,  subquadrate,  rounded  in  front, 
slightly  narrowed  behind,  very  obsoletely  channeled.  Elytra  twice  as  wide  as 
the  thorax  at  base,  a  little  dilated  behind,  very  finely,  not  densely  scabrous  with 
punctures.  Middle  tibiae  scarcely  curved ;  posterior  tibiae  with  the  outer  spur 
broad,  concave,  somewhat  spatulate,  and  subobtuse  at  tip;  inner  spur  slender, as 
long  as  the  outer  one ;  trochanters  unarmed. 

8.  L.  salic  is,  purpureo-cyanea,  capite  thoraceque  parce  pilosis,  vage  punc- 
tatis,  illo  puncto  verticali  rubro,  hoc  quadrato  transverso,  elytris  scabris,  brevis- 
sime  pilosis.  Long.  *65 — 75. 

Great  Salt  Lake  City,  on  willows  ;  collected  by  Capt.  H.  Stansbury  ;  (Lytta 
salicisf  Hald.)  Body  above  purplish  blue,  beneath  steel  blue.  Head  dilated 
behind  the  eyes,  truncate  at  base;  surface  coarsely  punctured,  pilose  with  erect 
black  hairs;  vertex  channeled,  with  a  small  red  dot.  Antennae  a  little  longer 
than  the  head  and  thorax,  incrassated  externally,  outer  joints  subglobular. 
Thorax  transverse,  rounded  on  the  sides  anteriorly,  slightly  narrowed  at  base, 
very  sparsely  punctured,  with  a  few  short  black  hairs  ;  disc  flattened,  channeled, 
transversely  impressed  before  the  middle,  basal  margin  reflexed.  Elytra  one 
half  wider  than  the  thorax,  parallel,  scabrous,  with  a  few  distant  very'  short 
black  hairs.  Legs  blackish;  middle  tibiae,  slightly  curved;  posterior  tibiae  with 
the  outer  spur  slender,  concave  and  slightly  obtuse ;  inner  spur  subacute,  as 
long  as  the  outer  one.  Posterior  trochanters  of  the  male  with  a  sharp  spine 
inferiorly'. 

9.  L.  cyanipennis,  cyanea,  capite  thoraceque  viridi-aureis  nitidis,  parce 
punctatis,  illo  gutta  verticali  rubra,  hoc  subpentagonali,  canaiiculato,  basi  reflexo, 
elytris  scabris  breviter  parce  nigro-pilosis.  Long.  -55. 

Cantharis  cyanipennis  Le  Conte,  Ann.  Lyc.  5,160. 

Oregon.  Head  shining,  golden  green,  sparsely'  punctured,  scarcely  pilose, 
slightly  dilated  behind  the  eyes,  truncate,  and  almost  emarginate  at  base  ; 
vertex  slightly  channelled,  marked  with  a  cupreous  red  dot.  Antennae  as  long 
as  the  head  and  thorax,  moderately  incrassated,  outer  joints  subglobular.  Thorax 
golden  green,  subpentagonal,  lateral  angles  rounded,  sides  anteriorly  pilose,  disc 
sparsely  punctured,  flattened,  channeled,  foveate  each  side  behind  the  middle; 
basal  margin  strongly  reflexed.  Elytra  metallic  blue,  more  than  one  half  wider 
than  the  thorax,  parallel,  scabrous,  with  a  few  erect  black  hairs.  Body  beneath 
blue,  feet  black  ;  middle  tibiaa  curved  ;  posterior  tibiae  with  the  outer  spur  mode¬ 
rately  broad,  concave,  and  subobtuse  at  the  apex;  inner  spur  slender,  as  long  as 
the  outer  one.  The  posterior  trochanters  of  the  male  are  armed  with  a  sharp 
spine  near  the  base.  The  outer  spur  of  the  posterior  tibiae,  when  seen  laterally 
in  this  species,  appears  as  slender  and  sharp  as  the  inner  one,  and  accounts  for 
the  erroneous  position  given  this  species  in  my  memoir  in  the  Annals  of  the  Ly- 


334 


[June, 


ceum ;  I  also  failed  to  discover  the  spine  of  the  posterior  trochanters,  but  the 
limbs  were  drawn  up  tightly,  and  the  specimen  was  so  bad  that  any  relaxation 
with  hot  water  was  attended  with  great  risk.  By  breaking  off  the  posterior  ex¬ 
tremity,  I  have,  however,  completed  my  examination  in  a  satisfactory  manner. 

10.  L.  N  u  t  a  1 1  i,  capite  piloso  thoraceque  viridi-aureis,  nitidis,  parce  punc- 
tatis,  illo  puncto  verticali  rubro,  hoc  pentagono,  canaliculato,  basi  reflexo,  elytris 
purpureo-cupreis,  confertissime  scabris  breviter  parce  nigro-pilosis.  Long.  •!. 

Say,  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.,  3,  300:  Am.  Ent.  1,  pi.  3. 

Nebraska  Territory,  near  Missouri  River;  J.  J.  Audubon,  Esq.  Head 
pilose,  with  erect  hair,  shining  golden  green,  dilated  behind  the  eyes,  truncate 
at  base;  surface  coarsely  punctured,  vertex  slightly  channeled,  marked  with  a 
small,  cupreous  spot.  Antennae  black,  longer  than  the  head  and  thorax,  slightly 
thickened  externally,  outer  joints  rounded,  sub-conical.  Thorax  golden  green, 
pentagonal,  lateral  angles  distinct,  disc  sparsely  punctured  and  pilose,  flattened, 
channeled,  transversely  impressed  before  the  middle,  foveate  each  side,  strongly 
reflexed  at  the  base.  Elytra  one  half  wider  than  the  thorax,  parallel,  densely 
scabrous  and  sparsely  pilose  with  short  black  hair;  they  are  coppery  purple, 
with  the  base,  suture  and  extreme  margin  green.  Beneath  bluish  green  ;  feet 
blue;  middle  tibiae  curved,  posterior  tibiae  with  the  outer  spur  broad,  concave, 
somewhat  pointed,  inner  spur  slender,  acute.  Posterior  trochanters  of  the  male 
armed  with  a  sharp  spine  at  the  middle  ;  the  antennae  of  the  male  are  a  little 
longer  than  those  of  the  female. 

11.  L.  fulgifer,  capite  thoraceque  aureo-cupreis  nitidis,  parce  punctatis 
vix  brevissime  pilosis,  illo  gutta  verticali  flavescente,  hoc  pentagono,  inaequali, 
basi  reflexo,  elytris  olivaceis,  scabris,  sutura  margineque  cuprascentibus. 
Long.  *9. 

Cantharis  fulgifer  Le  Conte,  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  New  Ser.  1,  90. 

One  specimen  from  the  Arkansas  near  Bent’s  Fort.  Head  shining,  cupreous, 
sparsely  punctured,  scarcely  pilose,  dilated  behind  the  eyes,  sub-emarginate  at 
base,  occiput  slightly  channeled,  vertex  with  a  small,  yellowish  green  dot ; 
mouth  and  antennae  black,  the  latter  scarcely  longer  than  the  head  and  thorax, 
moderately  thickened  externally,  outer  joints  rounded.  Thorax  cupreous,  pen¬ 
tagonal,  with  the  lateral  angles  almost  acute,  disc  flattened,  sparsely  punctured, 
obsoletely  channeled,  transversely  impressed  anteriorly,  broadly  foveate  each 
side  at  the  middle  ;  base  strongly  reflexed.  Elytra  scarcely  one  half  wider  than 
the  thorax,  strongly  scabrous,  olivaceous,  slightly  brassy,  suture  and  margin 
somewhat  cupreous.  Beneath,  pectus  greenish,  abdomen  cupreous  brassy;  feet 
bluish;  middle  tibiae  strongly  curved,  posterior  tibiae  with  the  outer  spur  broad, 
concave  and  sub-acute,  inner  spur  slender,  acute.  Posterior  trochanters  obtusely 
toothed  at  the  middle. 

12.  L.  aeneipennis,  capite  thoraceque  parce  pilosis  vage  punctatis,  rufis, 
illo  antice  nigro,  hoc  sub-quadrato,  transverso,  basi  subreflexo,  elytris  olivaceo- 
aeneis,  scabris,  brevissime  parce  pilosis.  Long.  •26--4. 

Cantharis  ceneipennis  Le  Conte,  Ann.  Lyc.  5,160. 

Santa  Isabel,  Southern  Colifornia.  Head  black,  behind  the  eyes  rufous,  nearly 
truncate  at  base,  sparsely  punctured,  pilose,  with  erect  hair.  Antennae  black, 
as  long  as  the  head  and  thorax,  slightly  incrassated  externally,  third  joint  longer 
than  in  the  preceding  species,  outer  joints  oblong,  slightly  rounded;  last  joint 
oval,  not  acuminate  as  in  most  species.  Thorax  rufous,  a  little  narrower  than 
the  head,  transverse  quadrate,  sparsely  punctured  and  pilose,  obsoletely  chan¬ 
neled,  base  with  a  subreflexed  margin.  Elytra  more  than  one  half  wider  than 
the  thorax,  parallel,  scabrous,  olive  colored,  somewhat  brassy,  sparsely  pubes¬ 
cent,  with  excessively  short  gray  hair.  Beneath  greenish  black  ;  middle  tibiae 
slender  slightly  curved  ;  outer  spur  of  posterior  tibiae  slightly  dilated,  concave 
and  sub-acute  ;  inner  spur  slender. 

13.  L.  smaragdula,  nigro-viridis,  vel  cyaneo-viridis,  capite  thoraceque 
vage  punctatis,  sub-pilosis,  illo  gutta  verticali  rubra,  hoc  subquadrato,  basi  sub¬ 
reflexo,  elytris  scabris,  antennis  nigris  elongatis.  Long.  •37-,40. 


1853.] 


335 


Two  specimens  from  Santa  Isabel,  California;  another  brighter  colored  one 
from  Sacramento,  from  Mr.  Rathvon.  Greenish  black,  or  bright  blue-green  ; 
head  sparsely  punctured  and  pilose,  truncate  at  base,  vertex  with  a  red  spot. 
Antennae  black,  more  than  half  as  long  as  the  body,  very  slightly  thickened, 
outer  joints  elongate,  oval,  last  joint  acuminate.  Thorax  as  wide  as  the  head, 
subquadrate,  rounded  anteriorly,  sparsely  punctured,  base  moderately  reflexed, 
disc  sometimes  channeled  and  impressed.  Elytra  one  half  wider  than  the  thorax, 
parallel,  scabrous,  sprinkled  with  extremely  short,  indistinct  hairs  ;  middle  tibiae 
slender,  slightly  bent ;  posterior  tibiae  as  in  the  last,  but  the  outer  spur  is  less 
dilated. 

14.  L.  s  t  y  g  ic  a,  atra,  opaca,  capite  nitidiusculo,  parce  punctato,  gutta  ver- 
ticali  testacea,  thorace  sub-quadrato,  vage  punctato,  basi  reflexo,  elytris  scabris. 
Long.  •48--55. 

Canthari-s  stygica  Le  Conte,  Ann.  Lyc.  5,  161. 

Oregon.  Entirely  dull  black,  without  lustre,  except  on  the  head.  Head 
parallel  on  the  sides,  almost  truncate  behind,  occiput  slightly  channeled,  vertex 
with  a  testaceous  spot.  Antennae  longer  than  the  head  and  thorax,  slightly 
thickened  externally,  outer  joints  rounded  oval.  Thorax  quadrate,  rounded  in 
front,  sparsely  punctured,  scarcely  channeled,  basal  margin  reflexed.  Elytra 
nearly  twice  as  wide  as  the  thorax,  parallel,  very  scabrous.  Legs  as  in  the  pre¬ 
ceding  species. 

15.  L.  Rathvon  i,  capite  thoraceque  parce  punctatis,  viridi-aureis,  illo 
puncto  verticali  rubro,  hoc  ovali,  latitudine  longiore,  elytris  purpureis  scabris, 
antennis  nigris  elongatis.  Long.  *35. 

A  beautiful  little  species  found  near  Sacramento,  California,  by  Mr.  Child, 
and  given  me  by  Mr.  S.  S.  Rathvon.  Head  bright  golden  green,  sparsely  punctured, 
w'ith  a  few  fine  gray  hairs  ;  occiput  rounded;  vertex  broadly  impressed,  with  a 
small  red  spot.  Antennae  black,  joints  3—9,  slender,  scarcely  increasing  in  thick¬ 
ness,  longer  than  the  head  and  thorax,  (remainder  wanting.)  Thorax  shining 
golden  green,  longer  than  wide,  oval,  sparsely  punctured,  base  slightly  reflexed. 
Elytra  a  little  wider  than  the  head,  coppery  purple,  scabrous,  obsoletely 
sprinkled  -with  short  hair.  Beneath  blackish  green,  with  cinereous  pubescence  : 
middle  tibiae  slender,  slightly  curved;  (posterior  tibiae  wanting.) 

16.  L.  luge  ns,  atra,  parce  pilosa,  capite  thoraceque  nitidiusculis,  parce 
punctatis,  hoc  elongato  antice  angustato,  elytris  scabris.  Long.  *4‘2-*5. 

Cantharis  In  gens  Le  Conte,  Ann.  Lyc.  5,  161. 

Abundant  at  San  Diego,  California.  A  long,  slender,  black  species,  resem¬ 
bling  some  in  Division  (B.),  but  with  the  antennae  of  the  present  division.  Head 
moderately  punctured  and  pilose,  base  broadly  rounded,  vertex  slightly  im¬ 
pressed,  not  spotted.  Antennae  as  long  as  the  head  and  thorax,  moderately 
thickened  externally,  outer  joints  rounded,  very  little  longer  than  wide.  Thorax 
narrower  than  the  head,  one  half  longer  than  wide,  narrowed  at  tip,  base  scarcely 
at  all  margined,  disc  sparsely  punctured  and  pilose,  scarcely  impressed.  Elytra 
long,  parallel,  a  little  wider  than  the  thorax,  scabrous,  sparsely  pilose.  Middle 
tibiae  slightly  curved;  posterior  tibiae  with  the  outer  spur  a  little  thicker  than 
the  inner  one,  concave  and  slightly  obtuse  at  apex. 

The  difference  between  the  spurs  of  the  posterior  tibiae  is  not  obvious,  except 
on  very  close  inspection,  but  the  appearance  of  the  species  refers  it  to  this  divi¬ 
sion  rather  than  to  those  with  two  acute  spurs  on  the  posterior  tibiae. 

A-d. 

17.  L.  chalybea,  cyanescens,  capite  thoraceque  nitidis  convexis,  parce 
punctatis,  hoc  subcampanulato,  antice  impresso,  elytris  convexis  postice  latiori- 
bus,  scabris,  antennis  subserratis.  Long.  *42.  • 

Cantharis  chalybea  Le  Conte,  Ann.  Lyc.  5,  160. 

Oregon,  one  specimen.  Above  dark  blue;  head  shining,  rounded,  convex, 
sparsely  and  coarsely  punctured,  finely  channelled.  Antennae  as  long  as  the  head 
and  thorax,  black,  subserrate,  the  joints  from  the  fourth  being  quadrate  and 


335 


[June, 


slightly  compressed,  last  joint  oval,  not  acuminate.  Thorax  subeampanulate, 
sparsely  punctured,  shining,  broadly  impressed  before  the  middle,  obsoletely 
channelled,  deeply  foveate  at  the  middle  of  the  base.  Elytra  wider  than  usual, 
dilated  behind  and  convex,  scabrous,  with  close  set  punctures.  Beneath  green¬ 
ish  black  ;  middle  tibiae  slender,  scarcely  curved  ;  posterior  tibiae  with  two  small 
equal  acute  spurs. 

18.  L.  conve  x  a,  minus  elongata,  nigra,  capite  thoraceque  parce  punctatis, 
convexis,  hoc  ovali,  subcanaliculato,  basi  medio  foveato,  elytris  cyanescentibus 
postice  dilatatis,  scabro-punctatis,  antennis  subserratis.  Long.  *41. 

Mexican  Boundary  Commission;  collected  by  Mr.  Clark,  under  Col.  J.  D. 
Graham.  Very  similar  to  the  preceding,  but  the  head  and  thorax  are  black  ; 
the  latter  is  less  companulate,  more  convex,  and  not  impressed  anteriorly;  the 
elytra  are  more  dilated  posteriorly,  and  diverge  at  the  suture.  The  Jeet  and  an¬ 
tennae  precisely  as  in  C.  chalybea. 

C.  sphaericollis  ( Lytta  spk.  Say.  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  3,  299,)  must  be 
closely  related  to  these  two  species,  but  will  be  distinguished  by  its  more  slender 
form,  and  by  the  second  joint  of  the  antennae  being  rufous. 

B. 

19.  L.  femoralis,  aenea,  subnitida,  supra  fere  glabra,  thorace  lateribus 
parce  punctato  versus  basin  angustato,  basi  subrefiexo,  elytris  subtiliter  pune- 
tulatis,  pedibus  cyaneis,  femoribus  (apice  excepta)  rufis,  antennis  nigris  gracili- 
bus.  Long.  *7. 

One  male  specimen.  Louisiana  ;  Mr.  Guex.  Body  slender,  brassy  somewhat 
dull.  Head  sparsely  punctured,  truncate  at  base,  a  little  narrowed  behind  the 
eyes,  which  are  large  and  prominent ;  labrum  green,  deeply  emarginate,  strongly 
punctured.  Antennae,  from  the  5th  to  the  10th  joints,  gradually  decreasing  in 
length,  increasing  very  slightly  in  thickness,  slender,  oblong,  scarcely  rounded ; 
eleventh  joint  subconstricted,  external  part  conical.  Thorax  as  wide  as  the 
head;  slightly  pentagonal,  narrowed  towards  the  base  ;  disc  slightly  flattened, 
with  several  shallow  impressions,  sides  sparsely  punctured,  scarcely  pilose  ;  base 
slightly  reflexed.  Elytra  a  little  wider  than  the  thorax,  finely  and  indistinctly 
punctulate,  with  a  scattered,  scarcely  perceptible  pubescence.  Legs  blackish 
blue,  femora  bright  rufous,  black  at  the  apex  ;  the  middle  of  the  posterior  tibiae 
is  slightly  rufous  inferiorlv ;  middle  tibiae  short,  slightly  curved  ;  outer  spur  of 
the  posterior  tibiae  broad  and  concave. 

This  species  is  very  similar  to  the  next,  but  the  black  tarsi,  and  finely  punc¬ 
tulate  elytra  will  distinguish  it ;  the  head  is  less  quadrate  and  is  not  wider  than 
the  thorax :  the  anterior  tibiae  are  emarginate  at  the  apex  internally,  which  is 
probably  a  sexual  character. 

20.  L.  pol  it  a,  aenea,  subnitida,  supra  fere  glabra,  thorace  capite  angustiore, 
lateribus  parce  punctatis  versus  basin  angustato,  bifoveato,  basi  subrefiexo,  ely¬ 
tris  subtilissime  rugosis  pedibus  rufis,  genubus  tibiisque  anterioribus  nigris, 
tarsis  fuscis,  antennis  nigris  gracilibus.  Long.  *65. 

Say,  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  3,  302. 

One  female;  Georgia.  Body  slender,  brassy,  somewhat  dull.  Head  sparsely 
punctured,  a  little  dilated  behind  the  eyes,  which  are  prominent,  squarely  trun¬ 
cate  at  base  ;  labrum  blue,  punctured,  deeply  emarginate.  Antennae  black,  a 
little  longer  than  the  head  and  thorax,  scarcely  thickened  externally,  joints  ob¬ 
long,  equal  in  length,  last  joint  longer,  constricted,  conical  at  tip.  Thorax  nar¬ 
rower  than  the  head,  longer  than  wide,  slightly  narrowed  towards  the  base; 
sparsely  punctured  and  slightly  pilose  towards  the  sides,  disc  somewhat  flattened, 
deeply  bifoveate,  basal  margin  reflexed  at  the  middle.  Elytra  scarcely  wider 
than  the  head,  parallel,  very  finely  rugous,  and  obsoletely  punctulate.  Thighs 
rufous,  coxae,  trochanters  and  knees  black,  anterior  and  middle  tibia?  black, 
slightly  rufous  in  the  middle;  posterior  tibiae  rufous,  black  at  tip:  tarsi  dark 
fuscous;  outer  spur  of  the  posterior  feet  broad,  concave  and  obtuse. 

21.  L.  Sayi,  olivacea  fere  opaca,  capite  thoraceque  parce  pilosis,  subtiliter 


.age  punctatis,  hoc  subcampanulato,  basi  medio  impresso,  elytris  fortiter  punc- 
tulatis,  pedibus  flavo-rufls,  genubus,  tibiis  apice  tarsisque  cceruleo-nigris,  anten- 
nis  nigris  extus  incrassatis.  Long.  *7. 

Lytta  cenea  var.  Say,  Long’s  Exped.  St.  Peter’s  R:ver,  2,  28S. 

One  specimen,  Illinois.  Mr.  Rathvon.  Brassy  olive  colored,  without  lustre  ; 
head  finely  and  sparsely  punctured,  pilose,  with  short,  gray  hair,  slightly  dilated 
behind  the  eyes,  which  are  moderate,  truncate  at  base,  obsoletely  emarginate. 
Labrum  blue,  deeply  emarginate.  Antennae  black,  about  as  long  as  the  head 
and  thorax,  moderately  thickened  externally,  outer  joints  conical,  rounded  ,  last 
joint  less  constricted  than  in  the  two  preceding.  Thorax  scarcely  narrower  than 
the  head,  obsoletely  sparsely  punctured,  slightly  pilose,  campanulate,  sides  pa¬ 
rallel,  disc  slightly  flattened,  obsoletely  channelled,  middle  of  the  base  slightly 
reflexed.  Elytra  nearly  twice  as  wide  as  the  thorax,  parallel,  finely  and  densely 
punctured.  Legs  bright  orange  colored,  coxae,  trochanters,  knees,  apex  of  the 
tibiae  and  tarsi  blackish  blue;  outer  spur  of  posterior  tibiae  subrhomboidal,  con¬ 
cave. 

22.  L.  filiform  is,  elongata,  purpurascens,  cinereo  parce  piloso,  thorace 
lateribus  parallelis  parce  punctulato,  basi  medio  reflexo,  elytris  subtiliter  scabris, 
pedibus  flavis,  genubus  tarsisque  fuscis,  antennis  nigris  extus  incrassatis, 
Long.  *.‘*3. 

Cantharis  filiformis  Le  Conte,  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.,  New  Ser.,  1,  91. 

One  specimen;  Texas.  Mr.  Lindheimer,  and  given  me  by  Dr.  Engelman. 
Body  slender,  purplish,  brassy,  moderately  pilose,  with  gray  hair.  Head  not 
dilated  behind  the  eyes,  truncate  at  base,  sparsely  and  coarsely  punctured  :  mouth 
black,  labrum  deeply  emarginate.  Antennae  longer  than  the  head  and  thorax, 
thickened  externally,  outer  joints  subglobular,  last  joint  not  constricted.  Thorax 
subquadrate,  sides  parallel,  rounded  in  front,  obsoletely  punctulate  :  base  re¬ 
flexed  in  the  middle  ;  elytra  a  little  wider  than  the  thorax,  parallel,  finely  sca¬ 
brous.  Feet  rufo-testaceous,  knees  and  tarsi  darker;  coxae  and  trochanters 
black ;  outer  spur  of  the  posterior  tibiae  broad  and  concave. 

23.  L.  asnea,  minus  elongata,  obscure  aenea,  capite  parce  punctato  thorace- 
que  cinereo-pilosis,  hoc  subquadrato,  lateribus  parce  punctato,  basi  vix  reflexo, 
elytris  scabris,  pedibus  rufo-testaceis,  antennis  extus  incrassatis.  Long.  *57. 

Say,  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  3,  301. 

Cantharis  nigricornis  Lee,  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.,  New  Ser.,  1,  90. 

Pennsylvania  and  Missouri.  The  head  is  obsoletely  emarginate  at  the  base; 
the  outer  joints  of  the  antennae  are  subglobular,  the  last  joint  not  constricted. 
C.  nigricornis  Lee.  is  a  variety  with  more  punctures  on  the  side  of  the  thorax. 

B— e. 

24.  L.  m  y  1  a  b  r  i  n  a,  supra  flava  glaberrima,  capite  convexo,  parce  punctato 
postice  valde  rotundato,  labro  palpis  antennisque  nigris,  thorace  elongato,  apice 
angustato,  nigro  4-guttato,  elytris  subtiliter  punctulatis,  maculis  duabus  ulrinque 
pone  basin,  altera  ad  medium  apieeque  nigris  ;  pedibus  flavis,  genubus  tibiarum 
apice  tarsisque  nigris.  Long.  *58. 

Pyrota  mylabrina  Chevrolat,  Ins.  de  Mexique,  No.  3  (Nov.  1834.) 

Mexican  Boundary;  collected  by  Mr.  Clark.  This  species  is  extremely  simi¬ 
lar  to  the  next,  but  differs  in  the  form  of  the  head,  which  is  here  much  rounded 
behind,  and  not  at  all  quadrate  :  the  neck  is  marked  with  a  black  spot  each  side. 
The  body  beneath  is  variegated  with  black  and  yellow,  the  margin  of  the  abdo¬ 
minal  segments  being  always  yellow.  The  outer  spur  of  the  posterior  tibiae  is 
cylindrical  and  obliquely  truncate. 

25.  L.  Engelmanni,  supra  flava,  glabra,  capite  convexo,  parce  punctato, 
nigro  maculato  postice  latius  rotundato,  labro  palpis  antennisque  nigris,  thorace 
elongato  nigro  4-guttato,  apice  angustata  utrinque  nigromaculata,  elytris  confer- 
tissime  punctulatis,  maculis  duabus  pone  basin,  altera  magna  ad  medium,  apiee¬ 
que  nigris,  pedibus  niaris,  femoribus  basi  testaceis.  Lon^.  *7. 

Pyrota  Engelmanni  Le  Conte,  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.,  New  Ser.,  1,  91. 


338 


[June, 


Missouri.  Dr.  Engelmann  ;  two  specimens.  From  the  difference  between  these 
specimens,  the  variations  in  this  species  must  be  very  great.  One  has  the  pos¬ 
terior  angles  of  the  head  entirely  black,  while  in  the  other  there  are  merely  in¬ 
distinct  black  dots  :  there  are  also  two  black  dots  between  the  antennae.  The 
neck  has  a  single  spot  on  the  middle,  instead  of  two  lateral  spots  as  in  C.  myla- 
brina  ;  the  thorax,  besides  the  four  spots  arranged  transversely,  has  an  apical 
spot  each  side  ;  the  disc  is  transversely  concave  before  the  middle;  the  basal 
spots  of  the  elytra  are  sometimes  confluent ;  the  medial  spot  is  much  larger  than 
in  C.  mylabrina.  The  under  surface  is  variegated  with  black  and  yellow  ;  ihe 
margin  of  the  segments  of  the  abdomen,  and  usually  the  whole  of  the  last  seg¬ 
ment  being  yellow.  Outer  spur  of  the  posterior  tibiae  cylindrical  and  obliquely 
truncate. 

A  specimen  from  the  Creek  Boundary,  given  me  by  Dr.  S.  W.  Woodhouse, 
differs  from  the  two  original  specimens  in  having  the  head  unspotted  ;  the  elytra 
more  finely  and  less  densely  punctured,  the  postpectus  entirely  rufous,  and  the 
feet  colored  as  in  C.  mylabrina  ;  the  head,  however,  is  somewhat  quadrate  pos¬ 
teriorly,  and  the  spot  on  the  neck  is  medial ;  the  middle  spot  of  the  elytra  is  large. 
I  have  therefore  placed  the  specimen  under  C.  Engelmanni,  though  it  may  pos¬ 
sibly  be  a  distinct  species  ;  a  much  larger  series  of  specimens  will  be  necessary 
to  determine  the  value  of  the  characters  above  mentioned. 

26.  L.  Germari,  capite  parce  punctato  nigro,  macula  vertical!  magna  flava, 
thorace  elongato,  flavo  nigro  biguttato,  elytris  confertim  punctulatis,  sutura  vit- 
taque  lata  nec  humerum  nec  apicem  attingente  nigris;  scutello  nigro,  pedibus 
flavis,  genubus  tibiarum  apice  tarsisque  nigris.  Long.  *32 — *47. 

Haldeman,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  1,  303. 

Pyrota  Germari  Le  Conte,  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.,  New  Ser.,  1,  91. 

Baltimore  and  North  Carolina  ;  Mr.  Haldeman.  The  black  sutural  margin  is 
dilated  anteriorly,  and  frequently  separated  from  the  other  portion,  forming  an 
elongate  spot ;  the  vitta  is  narrowest  towards  the  base  ;  the  body  beneath  is 
black ;  the  outer  spur  of  the  posterior  tibiae  is  more  obliquely  truncate  than  in 
the  two  preceding  species,  so  as  to  become  flattened  and  concave. 

27.  E.  d  i  s  c  oi  d  e  a,  flava,  capite  punctato,  thorace  elongato,  nigro  biguttato, 
apice  angustato,  elytris  subtiliter  scabris  macula  subbasali,  vitta  utririque  ab- 
breviata,  suturaque  angustissima  nigris,  pectore,  genubus,  tibiarum  apice,  tarsis 
palpis  antennisque  nigris.  Long.  *27 — *45. 

One  specimen,  found  on  the  Platte  river  by  Wm.  Tappan,  and  given  to  me  by 
Prof.  Agassiz ;  several  found  in  Texas  by  Lieut.  Haldeman.  Head  yellow,  con¬ 
vex,  broadly  rounded  behind,  not  densely  punctured,  pilose,  with  short,  erect 
hairs:  palpi  black.  Antennae  black,  base  testaceous  ;  longer  than  the  head  and 
thorax,  tilil’orm,  less  slender  than  in  the  preceding  species,  joints  loosely  articu¬ 
lated,  11th  not  constricted.  Thorax  narrower  than  the  head,  one  half  longer 
than  wide,  narrowed  at  the  apex,  transversely  impressed  before  the  middle, 
basal  margin  impressed  at  the  middle,  with  a  few  scattered  hairs,  punctured, 
bright  yellowish  testaceous,  with  discoidal  round  black  spots  at  the  middle. 
Scutellum  yellow.  Elytra  yellow,  with  a  small,  oblong,  black  spot  near  the 
scutel,  and  a  moderately  wide,  black  vitta  reaching  neither  the  base  nor  the 
apex;  the  extreme  sutural  margin  is  also  black;  the  surface  is  rough,  with  fine 
wrinkles,  scarcely  punctured.  Postpectus  black,  abdomen  yellow;  feet  yellow, 
knees,  tips  of  the  tibiae  and  tarsi  black;  posterior  tibiae  with  the  outer  spur 
cylindrical  and  obliquely  truncate. 

B— f. 

28.  L.  puncticollis,  nigra,  minus  dense  nigro-pilosa,  capite  thoraceque 
.confertim  punctatis,  hoc  elongato,  subcanaliculato,  apice  angustato,  elytris  sca- 
bro-punctatis.  Long.  *36 — 45. 

Epicatcta  puncticollis  Mannerheim,  Bull.  Mosc.  1843,  288:  Le  Conte,  Ann. 
Lyc.  5,  162. 

San  Diego  and  San  Francisco,  California ;  abundant.  This  species  differs  from 
the  next  in  having  the  thorax  more  densely  and  less  coarsely  punctured;  the  an- 


1853.] 


339 


tpnnne  are  a  little  more  slender,  but  as  there  is  a  slight  difference  in  the  antenna; 
depending  on  sex,  this  is  not  an  obvious  character  ;  they  are  scarcely  longer  than 
the  head  and  thorax,  and  the  outer  joints  are  closely  connected.  T.he  spurs  of 
the  posterior  tibiae  are  equal  and  slender. 

29.  L.  obi  it  a,  nigra,  minus  dense  nigro-pilosa,  capite  fhoraceque  parcius 
grossius  punctatis,  hoc  longiusculo,  antice  angustato.,  subcanaliculato,  elytris 
scabro-punctatis.  Long.  *36 — *4. 

Epieauta  oblita  LeConte,  Ann.  Lyc.  5,  162. 

San  Francisco  and  Oregon.  The  outer  joints  of  •the  antennae  are  closed  y  ‘tin  ited : 
the  posterior  spurs  as  in  the  preceding. 

30.  L.  maur  a,  nigra  vix  nigro-pilosa,  capite  minus  dense  punctato,  thorace 
•subquad rato,  longiusculo,  parcius  punctate,  subcanaliculato,  elytris  scabre-punc- 
talD,  antennis  elongatis,  laxe  articulatis.  Long.  *4. 

Epieauta  manra.  Le  Conte,  Ann.  Lye.  5,  162. 

San  Francisco,  California.  Easily  distinguished  from  the  two  preceding  by 
the  longer  and  more  slender  antennae.,  and  the  more  quadrate  and  much  less 
punctured  thorax.  The  spurs  of  the  posterior  tibiae  are  slender  and  acute- 

E— g. 

31.  L.  pensyl  va  n  ica,  atra,  immaculata,  confertissime  subtiliter  punc¬ 
tata,  brevissime  pubescens,  thorace  quadrato,  angulis  anticis  rotundartis,  labro 
leviter  emarginato.  Long. -4 — -5. 

Cantharis  pensylvanica  De  Geer,  Mem.  Tns.  3,  13,  pi.  13,  fig.  1,  (1775.) 

Lytta  atrata  Fabr.  Ent.  Syst.  (1775)  250..;  Ent.  Syst.  emend- ^2,  86,  (1792.) 
Syst.  El.  2,  79. 

Cantharis  atrata  Olivier,  Ins.  46,  17,  ta'b.  2,  fig.  19,  (1795£:  Harris,  Ins.  In¬ 
jurious  to  Vegetation,  123. 

Meloe  atra  Pallas,  Icon.  Insect.  Ross.  p.  99. 

Lytta  coracina  Uliger,  Mag.  3,  171.  (1804.) 

Meloe,  nigra  Woodhouse,  Medical  Repository.  3,  213. 

Abundantthroughout  the  Atlantic  States  and  Missouri  Territory.  The  antenna? 
are  slender.;  the  outer  spur  of  the  posterior  tibiae  is  a  little  wider  than  the  inner 
one,  and  slightly  obtuse. 

32.  L.  convolvuli,  atra,  confertissime  punctata,  breviter  pubescens, 
capite  postice  obscure  sanguineo,  thorace  longiusculo,  elytrorum  margine  ex- 
terno  cinerascente.  Long. -26. 

Cantharis  atrata  (var.  convolvuli)  Mels-  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  3,  53. 

Pennsylvania  :  Dr.  Melsheimer.  This  species  resembles  closely  the  preceding, 
but  differs  in  the  gray  pubescence  and  in  the  form  of  the  thorax,  which  is  here 
longer  than  wide :  the  antenme  are  less  slender;  the  spurs  of  the  posterior  tibiae 
appear  to  be  more  slender.  The  head  in  my  specimen  is  dull  black,  very  ob¬ 
scurely  sanguineous  at  the  base  and  on  the  vertex. 

33.  L.  fissilabris,  atra,  subtiliter  nigro-pubescens,  subtiliter  punctata, 
thorace  quadrato,  canaliculato,  angulis  anticis  rotundatis,  labro  profunde  emar¬ 
ginato.  Long.  *68. 

Epieauta  fissilabris  Le  Conte,  Agassiz’  Lake  Superior,  232. 

One  specimen  :  Kakabeka  Falls,  Lake  Superior.  This  species  differs  from 
C.  pensylvanica  in  being  larger  and  more  finely  punctured;  the  antenna?  are  at¬ 
tenuated  towards  the  apex,  and  the  spurs  of  the  posterior  tibiae  are  slender,  equal 
and  slightly  obtuse.  In  the  form  of  the  body,  which  is  more  robust  than  C.  pen- 
sylvanica,  as  well  as  in  the  deep  emargination  of  the  labrum,  it  resembles  the 
next  species. 

31.  L.  c  i  n  e  r  e  a,  atra,  dense  cinereo-pubescens,  capite  postice  dilatato,  ver' 
tice  nigro,  thorace  angustiore  subcampanulato,  nigro,  lateribus  vittaque  cinereis; 
elvtris  vix  rugosis,  subtiliter  cinereo-pubescentibus,  margine  suturaque  cinereis, 
labro  modice  emarginato.  Long.  *4 — *7. 

52 


840  [June, 

Meloe  cinereus  Forster,  Cent.  Ins.  62,  (1771);  Pallas,  Tcon.  Ins.  Ross.  98,  tab. 
E,  fig.  30. 

Lytta  marginata  Fabr.  Syst.  Ent.  (1775),  260  :  Syst.  Ent.  emend.  (1792,)  1, 
2,  85  :  Syst.  El.  2,  79. 

Cantharis  marginata  Olivier,  179.  Ins.  46,  15,  lab.  1,  fig.  2  :  Harris,  Ins.  In¬ 
jurious  to  Veg.  Ill;  (ed.  2nda)  121. 

Meloe  cl ematidis  Woodhouse,  Medical  Repository,  3.  2 13. 

Atlantic  States;  abundant;  feeds  chiefly  upon  Clematis.  The  head  of  the 
female  is  less  dilated  behind  the  eyes,  and  the  antennae  are  much  shorter.  The 
spurs  of  the  posterior  tibiae  are  as  in  the  preceding  species. 

I  was  at  first  inclined  to  retain  for  this  species  the  name  under  which  it  is 
usually  known,  though  it  is  not  properly  the  earliest.  By  the  kindness  of  my 
friend  Prof.  Lacordaire,  I  have  received  a  transcript  of  the  portion  of  Pallas’ 
work  which  relates  to  North  American  Coleoptera,  and  I  there  find  that  the 
earlier  name  was  in  reality  the  one  current  among  entomologists  of  that  time. 
I  therefore  must  regard  the  substitution  of  Fabricius’  later  name  as  an  accident, 
arising  from  the  wide  circulation  of  his  works,  and  the  comparative  scarcity  of 
Forster’s  small  pamphlet.  I  do  not  understand  how  Fabricius,  in  his  Syst.  Ent. 
emend.,  quotes  Olivier,  whose  work  bears  date  on  the  title  page,  1795,  and  whose 
first  volume  of  plates  is  dated  1808. 

35.  L.  nigritarsis,  atra,  dense  fusco-pubescens,  thorace  subtransverso, 
antice  rotundato,  subtiliter  canaliculato,  labro  profunde  emarginato,  pedibus 
rufis,  genubus  tarsisque  nigris.  Lone;.  *6. 

Mexican  Boundary;  collected  by  Mr.  Clark,  under  Col.  J.  D.  Graham.  The 
body  is  a  little  more  robust  than  in  the  preceding,  black,  finely  and  densely 
punctured,  covered  with  dense,  yellowish  brown  hair.  Head  rounded  behind, 
not  dilated  behind  the  eyes  ;  antennae  black,  setaceous,  joints  not  closely  articu¬ 
lated;  labrum  deeply  emarginate.  Thorax  not  narrower  than  the  head,  a  little 
wider  than  long,  moderately  convex,  rounded  in  front,  and  finely  channeled. 
Elytra  a  little  wider  than  the  thorax,  convex.  Legs  rufous,  pubescent,  like  the 
"body,  knees,  tip  of  the  tibiae  and  tarsi  black.  Spurs  of  the  posterior  tibiae  slen¬ 
der,  subacute. 

36.  L.  maculata,  atra,  dense  cinereo-pubescens,  elytris  guttis  rotundatis 
denudatis  saepe  confluentibus  conspersis,  thorace  subquadrato,  antennis  brevi- 
usculis.  Long.  *27 — *5. 

Sav,  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  3,  298:  Am.  Ent.  1,3. 

Missouri  Territory  ;  tolerably  abundant.  The  labrum  is  scarcely  emarginate  ; 
the  spurs  of  the  posterior  tibiae  are  very  slender  and  acute.  The  antennae  of  the 
female  are  scarcely  longer  than  the  head  and  thorax,  and  are  filiform  ;  the  2d 
and  3d  joints  are  rufous  at  base ;  the  maxillary  palpi  of  the  male  are  strongly  di¬ 
lated  and  compressed. 

37.  L.  conspersa,  atra,  dense  flavo-cinereo-pubescens,  elytris  punctis 
paucis  minutis  denudatis  conspersis,  thorace  convexiore,  antennis  elongatis. 
Long.  *47. 

Missouri  Territory.  This  species  is  so  similar  to  the  preceding,  that  were  it 
not  for  the  difference  in  the  length  of  the  antennae,  they  could  only  be  considered 
as  varieties.  The  pubescence  is  slightly  tinged  with  yellow,  and  is  more  coarse; 
the  thorax  is  a  little  more  convex  and  more  bell-shaped;  the  antennae  in  both 
sexes  are  half  as  long  as  the  body  :  the  black  spots  are  punctiform  and  much 
less  numerous.  The  male,  as  in  the  preceding  species,  has  the  palpi  strongly  di¬ 
lated  and  compressed. 

38.  L.  v  i  1 1  a  t  a,  atra,  punctulata  subtilius  pubescens,  capite  rufo,  nigro  bi- 
maculato,  thorace  longiusculo  flavo  pubescente,  nigro  bivittato,  elytris  vix  ru- 
*.osis  luteis  vittis  duabus  latis  nigris.  Long.  *45 — *65. 

Kabr.  Ent.  Syst.  260  ;  Ent.  Syst.  emend.  2,  86  ;  Syst.  El.  2,  79. 

Cantharis  vittata  Olivier,  Ins.  46,  13,  tab.  1,  fig.  3. 

Meloe  Chapmavi  Woodhouse,  Medical  Repository  3,  214. 

Middle  and  Western  States  ;  abundant.  The  thorax  is  sometimes  nearly  black; 


341 


1853  ] 


the  antennae  are  slender  and  setaceous ;  the  spurs  of  the  posterior  tibiae  are  equal, 
narrow  and  obtuse.  The  mouth  and  its  organs  are  black  ;  the  labrum  moderately 
emarginate  ;  the  feet  are  black,  the  thighs  rufous  at  base.  Pallas,  Icon.  Ins. 
Ross.  tab.  E.  f.  33,  is  cited  by  Olivier  under  this  species,  but  the  reference  does 
not  appear  in  my  manuscript. 

39.  L.  1  e  m  n  i  s  c  a  t  a,  atra,  punctulata,  pubescens,  capite  rufo,  nigro  bima- 
culato,  thorace  longiusculo,  rufo  nigro-bivittato,  elytris  luteis  vittis  utrinque 
tribus  nigris,  pedibus  rufis  marginibus  nigris.  Long.  *6 — *7. 

Fabr.  Sysr.  El.  2,  79. 

This  species  replaces  the  preceding  in  the  Southern  States;  inform  and  struc¬ 
ture  it  is  precisely  similar;  the  antennae  are  a  little  shorter,  the  first  joint  and 
the  base  of  the  2d  and  3d  are  rufous ;  the  labrum  and  palpi  are  rufous ;  the  outer 
margin  of  the  thighs,  tibiae  and  tarsi  is  black  ;  the  coxae  are  rufous;  the  two  ex¬ 
ternal  vittae  of  the  elytra  are  confluent  at  the  humerus. 

B— h.* 

40.  L.  strigosa,  atra,  dense  luteo-pubescens,  vertice  nigro,  thorace  longi¬ 
usculo,  antice  subangustato  vittis  duabus  obsoletis,  elytris  atris,  margine  sutura 
vittaque  luteo  pubescentibus,  tarsis  antennisque  atris,  his  filiformibus,  oculis 
rotundatis.  Long.  *37. 

Schonherr,  Syn.  Ins.  Appendix,  18. 

Middle  and  Southern  States.  The  outer  joints  of  the  antennae  are  closely  ar¬ 
ticulated  ;  the  eyes  are  oval,  very  slightly  emarginate,  and  not  transverse,  as  in 
the  species  of  the  preceding  division.  The  spurs  of  the  posterior  tibiae  in  the 
species  of  this  division  are  very  slender  and  very  acute.  The  vitta  of  the  elytra 
is  occasionally  obsolete,  and  sometimes  entirely  wanting;  in  the  latter  case  the 
pubescence  of  the  thorax  is  more  scanty,  so  that  the  specimens  have  entirely 
the  appearance  of  small  individuals  of  L.  cinerea  Lee.  ( Lytta  marginata  Fabr.) 

41.  L.  ferruginea,  atra,  densissime  luteo-pubescens,  thorace  longiusculo 
antice  subangustato,  tarsis  antennisque  nigris,  his  filiformibus,  oculis  rotundatis. 
Long.  *36. 

Say,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  3,  29S. 

Cantharis  nigricornis  Melsheimer,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  3,  53. 

Southern  and  South-western  States;  rare.  This  species  is  exactly  similar  in 
form  and  stiucture  to  the  preceding,  and  only  differs  in  the  pubescence  being 
denser  and  uniform  in  color. 


B — h.** 

42.  L.  elegans,  atra,  tenuiter  cinereo-pubescens,  capite  thoraceque  punc- 
tatis,  illo  puncto  verticali  rubro,  elytris  rugosis,  vifta  utrinque  fuiva  antice  et 
postice  dilatata,  macula  laterali  pone  medium  includente,  unguiculis  parte  infe- 
riore  breviore.  Long.  -45. 

Epicauta  elegans  Le  Conte,  Ann.  Lyc.  5,  1GJ. 

Two  specimens;  San  Diego,  California.  Body  black,  thinly  covered  above 
and  below  with  fine  cinereous  pubescence.  Head  rounded  behind  the  eyes, 
which  are  oval,  convex  and  scarcely  emarginate;  punctured,  vertex  with  a  small 
red  spot,  front  with  three  faint  impressions  between  the  antennae  ;  antennae 
shorter  than  the  head  and  thorax,  very  slightly  thicker  externally,  joints  closely 
articulated,  not  at  all  rounded,  3d  longer  than  the  4th.  Thorax  narrower  than 
the  head,  somewhat  bell-shap  id,  narrowed  in  front,  rounded  on  the  sides,  disc 
punctured,  middl-;  of  the  base  transversely  impressed.  Elytra  more  than  twice 
as  wide  as  the  thorax,  convex,  sides  parallel;  rugosely  punctured,  with  a  broad 
fulvous  vitta,  covering  the  whole  humerus,  and  reaching  the  external  margin  at 
the  base,  contracted  at  one  third  the  length  of  the  elytra,  then  dilated  again,  and 
extending  nearly  to  the  tip,  and  including  a  lateral  black  spot  at  the  posterior 
fourth  ;  this  spot  is  connected  with  the  black  margin.  Tarsi  b'ack,  claws  testa¬ 
ceous,  with  the  i  tferior  portion  one  third  shorter  than  the  superior.  Spurs  of  the 
posterior  tibiae  very  fine  and  acute. 

The  careful  study  of  this  species  has  convinced  me  that  the  genus  founded  by 


342  [J  une, 

rne  on  the  next  species  is  not  natural,  as  the  present  shews  in  all  its  characters 
the  gradual  transition. 

43.  L.  erosa,  nigra,  supra  glabra,  capite  rufo  trisulcato,  sulco  intermedio 
interrupto,  thorace  nigro  inaequali  canaliculato,  elytris  flavin,  reticulatis,  mar* 
gine  postice  apice  fasciaque  angusta  ad  medium  nigris,  unguiculis  parte  inferiore 
breviore.  Long.  *8 — *11- 

Tegrod?.ra  erosa  Le  Conte,  Ann.  Lyc.  5,  1-59. 

San  Diego;  in  July,  abundant.  Above  entirely  glabrous,  head  rufous,  rounded, 
flattened  on  the  disc,  sparsely  punctured  at  the  sides,  deeply  excavated  with 
three  large  furrows,  the  lateral  ones  commencing  near  the  antennae,  and  con¬ 
verging  backwards,  the  middle  one  interrupted  so  as  to  form  two  oblong  l'oveae. 
Labrum  slightly  emarginate,  black,  with  two  large  red  spots,  palpi  black.  An¬ 
tennae  as  long  as  the  head  and  thorax,  cylindrical,  third  joint  not  longer  than  the 
fourth;  eyes  transverse,  deeply  emarginate.  Thorax  somewhat  oval,  narrowed 
in  front,  obsoletely  angled  on  the  sides,  disc  flattened,  marked  with  a  few’  larue 
punctures,  channeled,  broadly  impressed  anteriorly,  foveate  each  side,  broadly 
excavated  at  the  middle  of  the  base.  Scutel  black.  Elytra  broad,  sloping  ob¬ 
liquely,  so  that  the  sqture  is  much  higher  than  usual,  dull  yellow’,  coarsely  re¬ 
ticulate;  the  intervals  betw’een  the  elevated  lines  are  fuscous  behind  the  middle, 
where  there  is  a  narrow’,  transverse,  black  band,  the  lateral  margin  behind  this 
band  is  black,  W’hich  color  becomes  broader  at  the  apex,  and  is  gradually  nar¬ 
rowed  again  at  the  suture*  Legs  black,  tibiae  entirely  straight,  spurs  of  the 
posterior  tibiae  very  slender  and  acute.  Claws  of  the  torsi,  with  the  inferior 
part  one  half  as  long  as  the  upper  part,  and  closely  united  w’ith  it  at  the  base. 

C— i. 

44.  L.  s  e  g  m  e  n  t  a  t  a,  nigra,  aptera,  punctulata,  subtil  iter  dense  pubescens, 
thorace  subcam.panulato,  latitudine  vix  longiore,  subcanaliculato,  apice  et  basi 
cinereo-ciliato,  abdominis  segmentis  postice  coxisque  cinereo-marginatis,  anten- 
narum  articulo  2ndo  3io  sesqui  breviore.  Long.  *71. 

Irytta  segment  a  -Say,  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  3,  303. 

Missouri  Territory;  abundant.  The  female  is  more  robust  than  the  male, 
and  has  the  elytra  gradually  moderately  dilated  posteriorly,  but  the  antennae  do 
not  differ  perceptibly  from  those  of  the  male.  The  spurs  of  the  tibiae  are  slender 
and  acute.  I  have  made  a.  slight  alteration  in  the  name  given  by  Say,  to  render 
it  grammatical. 

This  species  seems  to  connect  with  the  genus  Henous  Halil .  The  only  differ¬ 
ence  to  be  found  is  in  the  elytra  not  being  connate.  I  am  therefore  in  doubt 
about  the  propriety  of  continuing  Henous  as  distinct  from  Lytta. 

Several  very  large  specimens  (-95  long)  were  brought  from  Texas  by  Lieut. 
Haldeman  ;  at  first  sight  they  appear  different,  the  dorsal  channel  being  deeper 
posteriorly  than  in  ordinary  specimens.  The  thorax  seems  to  be  rather  broader 
and  more  quadrate,  but  1  cannot  find  any  character  upon  which  to  separate  them 
as  a  distinct  species. 


C-4c. 

45.  L.  ochrea,  elongata,  flavo-testacea,  dense  luteo-pubescens,  thorace 
subcampanulato,  subtiliter  canaliculato,  latitudine  longiore,  antennis  nigro-piceis, 
articulis  subconicis,  2ndo  3io  vix  breviore,  palpis  piceis.  Long.  *65. 

One  male;  New  Braunfels,  Texas ;  collected  by  Mr.  Lindheimer.  This  species 
is  similar  in  form  to  the  next,  but  its  color  is  not  black  but  testaceous.  The 
antennae  are  shorter,  being  only  one  third  the  length  of  the  body ;  the  joints  are 
conical,  not  elongate  :  the  first  joint  is  curved  and  reaches  behind  the  eyes, 
w’hich  are  more  convex  and  prominent  than  in  the  allied  species. 

4G.  L.  immaculata,  nigra,  pumctulata,  dense  cinereo  vel  fulvo-pubescens, 
thorace  subcampanulato,  convexo,  subcanaliculato,  latitudine  non  longiore, 
tarsis  antennisque  nigris,  his  articulo  2ndo  3io  ajquali.  Long.  *G1 — ’85. 

Say,  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  3,  304. 

Lyfita,  articularis  Say,  ibid.  3,304. 


1853.] 


343 


Missouri  Territory,  Creek  Boundary  and  Texas.  Say  has  given  no  character 
for  separating  his  two  species,  but  suggests  that  they  may  be  varieties.  If  he  had 
possessed  the  next  species,  he  would  immediately  have  observed  the  difference  in 
the  form  of  the  thorax.  In  the  female  the  antennae  are  but  little  longer  than  the 
head  and  thorax,  very  slender  and  setaceous,  the  first  joint  reaching  to  the  pos¬ 
terior  margin  of  the  eyes.  In  the  male  the  same  organs  are  half  as  long  as  the 
body  and  much  stouter,  though  setaceous  ;  their  first  joint  reaches  beyond  the 
eye. 

47.  L.  Ion  gi  coll  is,  nigra  punctulata,  dense  cinereo,  vel  luteo-griseo  pu- 
bescens,  thorace  subcampanulato,  po-tice  canaliculato,  latitudine  sesqui  longiore, 
elytris  macula  humerali  parva  denudata,  genubus  tarsis  antennisque  nigris,  his 
articulo  2ndo  3io  subbreviore.  Long.  *9. 

Missouri  Territory  and  Santa  Fe.  This  species  is  a  little  more  slender  than 
the  last,  which  it  closely  resembles;  the  elongate  form  of  the  thorax  and  the 
small  denuded  humeral  spot  at  once  distinguish  it.  The  antennae  in  the  female 
are  one  third  the  length  of  the  body  and  setaceous,  the  first  joint  reaching  a  little 
behind  the  eyes  which  are  much  narrower  than  in  the  preceding.  In  the  male 
the  antennae  are  more  than  half  the  length  of  the  body  and  stouter  than  in  the 
female  ;  the  first  joint  extends  beyond  the  base  of  the  head. 

48.  L.  tenuis,  valde  elongata,  nigra,  dense  einereo-pubesccns,  thorace  sub- 
campanulato,  canaliculato,  latitudine  fere  sesqui  longiore,  tarsis  antennisque  ni¬ 
gris,  his  articulo  2ndo  sequentibus  tribus  aequali,  palpis  pallidis.  Long.  *62. 

One  male;  Georgia.  This  species  is  easily  distinguished  from  the  next  by  the 
pale  palpi  and  the  very  long  second  joint  of  the  antennae;  these  organs  are  two 
thirds  the  length  of  the  bo;ly ;  the  first  joint  extends  to  the  base  of  the  head. 
This  would  be  C.  unicolor  Kirby ,  were  it  not  for  the  pale  palpi. 

49.  L.  Fabricii,  valde  elongata,  nigra,  dense  cinereo-pubescens,  thorace 
subcampanulato,  canaliculato,  latitudine  longiore,  tarsis  palpis  antennisque  nigris, 
his  articulo  2ndo  3io  longiore.  Long.  *45 — .55. 

?  Lytta  cinerea  ||  Fabr.  Ent.  Syst.  Suppl.  119  ;  Syst.  El.  2,  80. 

Cantharis  cinerea  Harris,  Ins.  Injurious  to  Vegetation,  122  :  Bost.  Journ.  Nat. 
Hist.  1,  497. 

Atlantic  States  and  Missouri  Territory  ;  abundant.  The  antennae  in  both  sexes 
are  half  the  length  of  the  body ;  in  the  female  the  first  joint  reaches  behind  the 
eye,  and  the  second  joint  is  one  half  longer  than  the  third,  in  the  male  they  are 
thicker,  the  first  joint  reaching  to  the  base  of  the  head,  and  the  second  joint  is 
twice  as  long  as  the  third.  Fabricius’  description  is  worthless,  and  his  name 
pre-occupied  by  Forster.  C.  sericea  Olivier,  quoted  by  Fabricius  as  synonymous, 
is  described  as  having  the  antenna?  short,  and  as  being  found  in  Barbary. 

One  small  male  (’3  unc.  long)  from  Missouri  Territory,  differs  in  having 
shorter  and  stouter  antennae,  the  intermediate  joints  being  scarcely  one  half 
longer  than  wide,  the  first  only  reaches  half  the  distance  between  the  eye  and 
the  back  of  the  head  ;  a  female  from  the  same  locality  also  differs  from  the  type 
in  having  less  slender  antennae  ;  these  may  probably  belong  to  a  different  species, 
but  as  these  characters  seems  light,  I  forbear  naming  it  for  the  present. 

50.  L.  tors  a,  valde  elongata,  sat  dense  tenuiter  cinereo  pubescens,  thorace 
subcampanulato  latitudine  non  longiore,  canaliculato,  tarsis  palpis  antennisque 
nigris,  his  articulo  2ndo  longiore,  sequentibus  subobconicis.  Long.  *45. 

One  male  from  Texas  ;  Lieut.  Haldeman.  In  specific  characters  this  comes 
very  near  to  the  next  species,  but  the  pubescence  is  more  abundant,  and  the 
punctuation  of  the  elytra  much  finer.  The  sexual  characters  are  very  remark¬ 
able;  the  first  joint  of  the  antennae  is  as  long  as  the  head,  thickened,' and  sud¬ 
denly  bent  at  an  obtuse  angle  about  the  middle,  and  then  slightly  curved  out¬ 
ward  towards  the  tip  ;  the  second  joint  is  nearly  as  long  as  the  three  following, 
which  are  triangular;  the  following  joints  are  gradually  narrower  to  the  ex¬ 
tremity. 

From  the  differences  noted  under  the  other  allied  species,  it  is  probable  that 
many  closely  related  species  are  found  in  different  parts  of  the  country,  the  spe 


344  [June, 

cifir  characters  of  which  cannot  be  made  clear  until  the  sexual  variations  are 
known. 

51.  L.  murina,  nigra,  distinctius  punctata,  parcius  cinereo-pubescens,  tho- 
race  convexinsculo,  campanulato,  subcanaliculato,  latitudine  non  longiore,palpis 
antennisque  nigris,  his  articu)o2ndo  longiore.  Long.  *4 — *45. 

Lake  Superior ;  two  males.  Easily  distinguished  by  its  more  sparse  pubes¬ 
cence  ;  the  thorax  is  shorter,  more  convex,  and  move  narrowed  anteriorly,  and 
the  upper  surface  is  more  distinctly  punctured;  the  antennae  are  half  the  length 
of  the  body,  the  first  joint  reaching  the  occiput,  the  second  joint  equal  to  the 
two  following.  With  this  species  I  doubtfully  associate  a  female  from  Mis¬ 
souri  Territory,  agreeing  in  form  and  punctuation,  in  which  the  antennae  are  a 
little  stouter  than  in  C.  Fabricii,  with  the  second  joint  about  one-third 
longer  than  the  chird. 

52.  C.  d  e  b  i  1  i  s,  valde  elongata,  atra,  punctulata,  cinereo-pubescens, thorace 
subcampanulato,  latitudine  longiore,  canaliculato,  basi  profunde  foveato,  palpis 
antennisque  nigris,  his  (feminae)  tenuibus,  articulo  2ndo  3io  longiore.  Long.  -35. 

Two  females;  New  York.  This  species  resembles  closely  C.  Fabricii,  but 
the  thorax  is  less  rounded  in  front,  aud  the  dorsal  channel  is  deeply  transversely 
excavated  at  the  base;  the  antennae  are  half  the  length  of  the  body  and  formed 
exactly  as  in  C.  Fabricii.  The  pubescence  is  less  dense  than  in  C.  Fabricii, 
but  more  dense  than  in  the  last  species. 

The  following  species  are  unknown  to  me  : 

53.  Cantharis  lineata  Olivier,  Ins.  46,  14,  tab.  2,  fig.21  ,  (apparently 
resembles  C.  German). 

54.  Lytta  Afzeliana  Fabr.  Syst.  El.  2,  78.  (1S01). 

Cantharis  sinnata  Oliv.  Ins.  46,  9,  tab.  2,  fig.  14.  (1795). 

55.  Ly  tta  sphse  ri  c  o  1  li  s  Say,  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  3,  299;  Am.  Ent. 
1,3.  A  fragment  in  Dr.  Melsheimer’s  Collection,  belongs  to  L.  filiformis  Lee., 
but  the  disc  of  the  thorax  is  destroyed,  and  in  other  respects  it  does  not  agree 
with  Say’s  description. 

56.  Lytta  albida  Say,  ibid.  3,  305 ;  Am.  Ent.  1, 3. 

57.  Lytta  reticulata  Say,  ibid.  3,  305. 

58.  L  y  1 1  a  s  a  n  g  u i n  ic  o  1 1  i  s,  atra,  pubescens,  capite  thoraceque  loete 
rufis,  elytris  nigris  sutura  margine  vittaque  angusta  einereis-  Long.  *27. 

Georgia  ;  rare.  The  description  is  made  from  a  drawing.  It  is  the  Epicauta 
sanguinicollis  of  Dejean’s  Catalogue. 

59.  Cantharis  unicolor  Kirby,  Fauna  Bor.  Am.  241.  Allied  lo  L. 
Fabricii. 

60.  Meloe  trichrus  Pallas,  Icon.  Ins.  Ross.  100.  tab.  E.  fig.  32. 

Tetraonyx  Latr. 

1.  T.  quadrimaculata,  laete  flava,  confertim  punctata  subtiliter  dense 
pubescens,  capite  nigro,  elytris  confertissime  punctulatis,  triente  postico  macu- 
Iaque  utrinque  magna  basali  quadrata  nigris,  antennis  pedibusque  nigris,  femo- 
ribus  flavis  apice  nigris.  Long.  ’4. 

Latreille,  in  Cuv.  Regne  Animal. 

Apalas  quadrimaculatus  Fabr.  Ent.  Syst.  2,  50;  Syst.  El.  2,  25. 

Southern  States  ;  rare.  The  male  is  distinguished  by  having  the  anterior  tarsi 
dilated,  and  the  first  joint  prolonged  internally. 

2.  T.  fulva,  fnlva,  nitidiuscula,  longius  pubescens,  minus  confertim  punc¬ 
tata,  corpore  antennisque  nigris,  pedibus  fulvis,  genubus  tibiarum  apice  tarsis- 
que  nigris.  Long.  *3 — .4. 

New  Mexico;  collected  by  Fendler.  This  species  is  similar  to  T.  frontalis 
Chevr.  (Col.  Mexique,)  but  is  much  smaller;  the  head  is  entirely  fulvous,  and 
the  feet  are  not  black ;  the  pubescence  is  less  dense,  and  the  punctures  of  the 


1853.] 


345 


elytra  are  more  distinct  and  not  very  dense.  The  anterior  tarsi  of  the  male  are 
dilated  as  in  the  preceding. 


Nemognatha  III. 


Our  species  are  much  more  numerous  than  commonly  supposed,  and  from  the 
strong  resemblance  in  appearance  one  might  be  tempted  at  first  to  consider 
many  as  mere  variations  in  color.  As  will  be  seen  in  the  sequel,  however,  the 
differences  are  organic,  and  the  species  may  be  grouped  in  a  manner  very  simi¬ 
lar  to  that  employed  under  Lytta.  Division  (B)  seems  to  correspond  with 
Kirby’s  genus  Gnathium ,  but  I  can  find  no  character  sufficiently  important  to 
entitle  it  to  rank  with  the  other  genera  of  the  family. 


A.  Maxillae  valde  elongatae. 

a.  Tibiae  posticae  calcaribus  duobus  latis  obtusis 

b.  Tibiae  posticae  calcari  altero  crasso  obtuso,  altero  tenui . 

c.  Tibiae  posticae  calcaribus  duobus  tenuibus  : 

*  Calcari  externo  latiore  apice  rotundato 

**  Calcaribus  duobus  acutis  .  .  .  .  . 

B.  Maxillae  corpore  multo  breviores ;  ore  valde  attenuato. 

d.  Elytra  nitida,  parce  punctata  . 

e.  Elytra  scabro-punctata . 


Sp.  1. 

Sp.  2—5. 


Sp.  6—10. 
Sp.  11—15. 

Sp.  16—17. 
Sp.  18—21. 


A. — a. 

1.  N.  bicolor,  nigra,  breviter  nigro-villosa,  capite  thoraceque  rufis  confer- 
tim  punctatis,  hoc  transverso,  elytris  subtiliter  confertim  punctatis.  Long.  *45. 

Missouri  Territory.  Head  triangular,  rufous,  densely  and  strongly  punctured, 
villous  with  short  black  hair  ;  clypeus,  labrum  and  organs  of  the  mouth  black. 
Antennae  black,  2d  joint  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  3d.  Thorax  rufous,  wider 
than  the  head,  one  half  wider  than  long,  slightly  narrowed  in  front,  sides 
straight,  angles  rounded,  disc  villous  and  densely  punctured  like  the  head.  Seu- 
tellum  black.  Elytra  black,  more  densely  and  finely  punctured  than  the  head 
and  thorax,  and  in  like  manner  villous  with  black  hair.  Beneath  black;  spurs 
of  the  posterior  tibiae  flat  and  obtuse,  the  outer  one  a  little  broader. 


A.— b. 

2.  N.  lurida,  luteo-testacea,  parce  flavo  villosa,  thorace  transverso,  confer¬ 
tim  punctato,  subcanaliculato,  lateribus  antice  rotundatis,  elytris  subtilius  con¬ 
fertim  punctatis,  antennis  palpis  tibiis  tarsisque  nigris.  Long.  *55. 

Missouri  Territory,  on  Platte  River.  Brownish  yellow,  sparsely  clothed  with 
fine  yellow  hair.  Head  triangular,  closely  punctured,  maxillae,  palpi  and  tip  of 
the  mandibles  black;  antennae  black,  2d  joint  half  as  long  as  the  3d.  Thorax 
one  half  wider  than  long,  slightly  narrowed  anteriorly,  and  rounded  on  the  sides; 
closely  punctured,  obsoletely  channeled  behind  the  middle.  Scutellum  finely 
punctured,  impressed.  Elytra  finely  and  tolerably  densely  punctured.  Beneath 
yellow,  femora  slightly  fuscous  at  tip;  tibiae  and  tarsi  almost  black;  posterior 
tibiae  with  the  outer  spur  thick,  cylindrical  and  concavely  truncate  at  tip ;  inner 
one  very  small,  flat,  rounded  at  tip. 

A  specimen  from  Texas  agrees  in  form  with  those  from  Missouri  Territory, 
but  the  body  is  darker  beneath,  and  the  hairs  of  the  upper  surface  are  appa¬ 
rently  black;  it  very  evidently  does  not  belong  to  the  next  species,  from  which 
it  differs  both  by  the  form  of  the  thorax  and  the  yellow  femora ;  the  specimen  is 
so  imperfect  that  I  cannot  point  out  any  other  differences. 

3.  N.  a  p  i  c  a  1  i  s,  luteo-testacea,  nigro-villosa,  thorace  punctato,  transverso, 
lateribus  antice  rotundatis,  elytris  subtilius  confertim  punctatis,  apice  nigri- 
cantibus,  scutello,  antennis,  palpis,  pectore  abdominis  basi,  pedibusque  nigris. 
Long.  -4 — 5. 

Two  specimens  from  Benicia,  California,  and  one  from  Texas,  collected  by 
Mr.  Lindheimer.  Differs  from  N-  lurida  by  the  black  villosity,  as  well  as  by 
the  arrangement  of  colors  ;  the  thorax  is  scarcely  wider  than  long,  and  is  more 


346  [June, 

coarsely  punctured ;  the  elytra  are  Blackish  towards  the  apex.  The  spurs  of 
the  posterior  tibiae  are  as  in  the  last  species. 

Ohe  of  the  California  specimens  has  the  abdomen  entirely  black. 

4.  N.  pall  en  s,  pallide  flava,  antennis  tarsisque  nigris,  thorace  transverso, 
parce  punctato,  lateribus  antice  rotundatis,  elytris  minus  dense  subtilius  punc- 
tatis  breviter  fiavo-pubescentibus.  Long.- *36. 

One  specimen  from  Yallecitas,  in  the  southern  part  of  California.  This  spe¬ 
cies  is  sufficiently  distinct  by  the  diagnosis  given.  I  will  merely  add  that  the 
head  is  slightly  fuscous;  the  apex  of  the  mandibles  and  palpi  is  black;  the  first 
joint  of  the  antennac  is  yellow*,  the  rest  are  black,  the  2d  is  one  half  the  length 
of  the  third:  the  spurs  of  the' posterior  tibiae* are  as  in  the  two  preceding. 

5.  N.  1  u  t  e  a,  luteo-testacea;  thorace  transverso,  lateribus  antrce  rotundatis, 
parce  punctato;  elytris  confertim  punctatls  flavo  pubescentibus ;  subtus  plus 
minusve  infuscata;  antennis  tarsisque  nigris.-  Long.  *4 — 

Missouri  Territory,  common.  Head  triangular,  moderately  punctured,  sparsely 
pubescent  with  yellow  hair ;  mandibles,  palpi  and  maxillae  black  ;  antennae  black, 
2d  joint  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  third-  Thorax  transverse,  rounded  on  the 
sides  anteriorly;'  disc  polished,  very  sparsely  punctured.  Seutellum  sometimes 
dusky.  Elytra  densely  somewhat  rugoseiy  punctured,  pubescent  with  short 
yellow  hair.  Body  beneath  fuscous,  anterior  and  middle  Thighs,  and  tip  of  the 
abdomen  yellow  ;  tarsi  black;  posterior  tibiae  with  the  outer  spur  less  thick 
than  in  the  preceding  species  ;  inner  spur  nearly  as  long  as  the  outer  one,  slender, 
flattened,  rounded  at  tip. 

A: - C*". 

6.  N.  dichroa,  supra  luteo-testacea,  thorace  transverso,  lateribus  antice 
rotundatis,  parce  punctato,- elytris  minus  subtiliter  sat  dense  punctatis,  scutello 
antennis  corpore  subtusy  pedibusque  nigris,  ano  luteo.  Long.  -38. 

One  specimen  from  Oregon,  Col.  M’CaU'.  The  pubescence  has  been  entirely 
removed  by  alcohol.  This  species  very  much  resembles  the  preceding,  but  the 
punctuation  of  the  elytra  is  coarser,  and  the  legs  are  entirely  black.  It  forms, 
with  the  next  species,  a  transition  between  the  two  groups;;  the  outer  spur  of 
the  posterior  tibiae,  though  cylindrical  and  obliquely  truncate,  is  very  little 
thicker  than  the  inner  spur. 

7.  N.  dubia,  nigra,  nigro-pubescens,  thorace  modice  transverso,  antice  vix 
angustato  et  lateribus  rotundato,  p&roe  punctato,  elytris  rugose  punctatis. 
Long.  *4. 

Variat  thorace  capiteque  laete  fulvis.-  Long-  *35. 

Benicia,,  two  specimens.  This  species  closely  resembles  the  preceding,  but 
the  color  is  very  different,  the  elytra  are  more  finely  punctured,  and  distinctly 
rugous.  The  specimen  having  red  head  and  thorax,  may  eventually  prove  to  be 
a  distinct  species;:  the1  thorax  is  not  narrowed  anteriorly  in  it,  and  therefore  ap¬ 
pears  more  quadrate.  The  outer  spur  of  the  posterior  tibiae  is  slender,  cylin¬ 
drical,  and  truncate  obliquely- 

8.  N.  pall  i  at  a,  nigra,nigro-villosa,  supra  fulvo-testacea,  thorace  transverso, 
sat  dense  punctato,  antice  subangustato-,  lateribua  rectis,  elytris  subtilius  punc¬ 
tatis,  vitta  utrinque  lata  scutelloque  nigris.  Long.  *5. 

One  specimen  from  the  upper  Mississippi.  In  the  form  of  the  thorax  this 
species  resembles  of  the  preceding  only  N.  bicolor;  the  apex  is,  however, 
more  oblique  each  side.  Body  and  all  the  appendages  black:  above  reddish 
testaceous,  with  short  black  hair:  head  triangular,  not  elongated,  tolerably 
densely  punctured  ;  thorax  one  half  wider  than  Tong,  slightly  narrowed  anteriorly, 
sides  not  rounded;  apex  oblique  each  side,  so  that  the  anterior  angles  although 
obtuse  and  rounded,  are  distinct :  disc  moderately  punctured,  slightly  channeled 
behind  the  middle.  Seutellum  black,  punctured.  Elytra  finely  punctured,  with 
a  broad  discoidal  black  vitta  reaching  from  near  the  base  to  the  apex.  Antennae 
with  the  2d  joint  three  fourths  the  length  of  the  3d ;  posterior  tibiae  with  the 
outer  spur  flat,  a  little  broader  than  the  inner  one,  and  obtuse. 


1853.] 


347 


9.  N.  piezata,  nigra,  nigro-villosa,  capitis  basi  thoracisque  lateribus  piceo- 
testaceis,  hoc  sat  dense  punctato,  transverse,  lateribus  rectis,  elytris  dense  sub- 
tilius  punctatis,  vitta  utrinque  lata  nijrra  notatis.  Long.  *4. 

Zonitis  piezata  Fabr.  Ent.  Syst.  Suppl.  104  ;  Weber,  Obs.  Ent.  60,  (1801  ;) 
Coquebert,  lllustr.  tab.  29,  f.  5. 

One  specimen,  Georgia.  The  black  on  the  head  and  thorax  fades  insensibly 
into  piceous  and  testaceous;  the  anterior  portion  of  the  thorax  also  is  testa¬ 
ceous;  the  apex  is  obliquely  rounded,  so  that  the  anterior  angles  are  very  much 
less  distinct  than  in  the  last  species;  the  outer  spur  of  the  posterior  tibiae  is 
very  little  thicker  than  the  inner  one,  flattened  and  slightly  obtuse. 

Without  any  apparent  cause,  the  name  of  this  species  is  suppressed  in  the 
Syst.  Eleuth.  (2,  24,)  and  Zovitis  vittata  substituted.  Of  course  under  these 
circumstances,  the  latter  name  is  inadmissible. 

10.  N.  t  ex  an  a,  luteo-testaeear  nrgro-villosa,  thorace  subtransverso,  lateribus 
rectis,  sat  dense  punctato,  elytris  subtilius  dense  punctatis,  antennis  tarsisque 
nigris,  tibiis  infuscatis.  Long.  -4. 

One  specimen,  Texas,  Lieut.  Hal'deman.  This  species  resembles  very  much 
in  appearance  those  of  the  preceding- division,  but  the  outer  spur  of  the  posterior 
ribi*  is  very  little  thicker  than  the'  inner  ones,  flat  and  slightly  obtuse.  The 
apex  of  the  thorax  is  rounded,  so  that  the  anterior  angles  are  not  decidedly 
marked  ;  the  apex  of  the  mandibles,  the  palpi  and  maxillae  are  piceous;  the  2d 
joint  of  the  antennae  is  three-fourths  as  long  as  the  third. 

A — c**. 

11.  N.  decipiensy  supra  luteo-testacea,  parce  nigro-pubescens,  thorace 
subtransverso,  lateribus  antice  rotundatis,  sat  dense  punctato,  elytris  confertim 
punctatis,  scu^ella,  antennis,  pedibus  corporeque  subtus  nigris;  ano  testaceo. 
Long.  *5. 

One  specimen,  Oregon,  Col.  M’Call.  In  form  and  sculpture  this  species 
exactly  resembles  N.  lu  r  id  a,  but  the  color  of  the  scntellum  and  under  surface  is 
different.  The  spurs  of  the  posterior  tibiae  are  equal  and  slender. 

12.  N.  punctulata-,  supra  luteo-testacea,  eapite  dense  subtiliter  punctato, 
occipite  tumido,  thorace  transverso,  lateribus  rectis,  parce  punctato,  elytris  sub¬ 
tilius  confertissime  punctulatis  vitta  utrinque  lata  nigra,'  subtus  picea,  pedibus 
flavis,  genubus,  tarsis,  antennisoue  nigris.  Long.  *45 — -55- 

Three  specimens,  Georgia.  Very  distinct  by  its  densely  punctured  head,  flat¬ 
tened  front,  swelled  occiput,  and  finely  punctulate  elytra.  The  spurs  of  the 
posterior  tibiae  are  equal,  slender  and  acute. 

13.  N.  nigripennis,  laete  rufo-testacea,.  nigro-villosa,  antennis  pedibus 
elytrisque  confertim  punctulatis  nigris,  thorace  subtransverso,  lateribus  antice 
rotundatis,  sat  dense  punctato.  Long.  *3 — *42. 

Variat  femoribus  flavis,  apice  r.igris. 

Santa  Fe,  Mew  Mexico,  Mr.  Fendler.  Body  rufo-testaceous,  villous  with 
black  hair.  Head  convex,  triangular, densely  punctured.  Thorax  a  little  wider 
than  long,  sides  parallel,  rounded  in  front,  disc  convex,  moderately  punctured. 
Elytra  densely  and  finely  punctured,  somewhat  rugous,  black.  Scutellum  rufous 
or  piceous.  Antennae  black,  second  joint  scarcely  one  half  as  long  as  the  third  ;  tip 
of  mandibles,  palpi  and  maxillae  piceous.  Legs  piceous  black,  in  one  specimen 
the  femora  are  yellow  with  the  apex  black;  spurs  of  the  posterior  tibiae  slender, 
acute  and  equal. 

14.  N.  s  c  u  t  el  1  ar  i s,  nigra,  parce  nigro-pilosa,  supia  lutea,  eapite  thorace- 
que  minus  dense  grosse  punctatis,  hoc  transverso,  lateribus  non  rotundato,  elytris 
rugosis  vix  obsolete  punctatis,  margin-e  postice  scutelloque  nigris.  Long.  -28. 

One  specimen,  collected  at  Sacramento,  California,  by  Mr.  J.  Child,  and  given 
me  by  Mr.  S.  S.  Rathvon.  Body  black,  above  luteous,  thinly  clothed  with  black 
hair.  Head  triangular,  piceous,  with  a  large  luteous  occipital  spot;  coarsely 
punctured;  antennas  with  the  2d  joint  only  one  third  as  long  as  the  3d;  thorax 
luteous,  nearly  twice  as  wide  as  long,  sides  parallel,  disc  coarsely  punctured; 


348 


[J  UNE, 


scutellum  black;  elytra  luteous,  irregularly  rugose,  with  scarcely  any  appear¬ 
ance  of  punctures;  margin  posteriorly  and  at  the  apex  blackish.  Spurs  of  the 
posterior  tibiae  very  slender  and  acute.  Maxillae  about  half  the  length  of  the 
body. 

15.  N.  nemorensis,  nigra,  villosa,  capite  medio,  mandibularumque  basi 
testaceis,  thorace  transverso,  postice  subangustato,  confertim  punctato,  flavo, 
fusco  bi-  vel  tri-guttato  ;  elytris  subtiliter  punctulatis.  Long.  *25. 

Hentz,  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  3,  258. 

JY.  bimaculata,  Mels.  Pr.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  3,  54. 

Alabama  and  New  York,  rare.  For  a  variety  from  the  Hentz  collection,  with¬ 
out  thoracic  spots,  I  am  indebted  to  S.  S.  Haldeman.  This  species  establishes  a 
passage  to  the  next  division  of  the  genus.  The  maxillae  are  only  half  as  long  as 
the  body,  as  in  the  preceding  species,  and  the  head  is  shorter  than  usual,  as  in 
N.  p  a  1 1  i  a  t  a ;  the  2d  joint  of  the  antennae  is  half  as  long  as  the  3d. 

B — d. 

16.  N.  cribraria,  nigra  nitida,  parce  nigro-villosa,  capite  parce  punctato, 
gutta  frontali  testacea,  thorace  transverso,  lateribus  antice  rotundatis,  parce 
punctato,  flavo,  fusco  binotato,  elytris  flavis,  parce  grosse  punctatis,  macula 
apicali  scutelloque  nigris,  abdomine  testaceo.  Long.  *27. 

One  specimen,  ISta.  Fe,  Mr.  Fendler.  Head  elongated,  with  the  mouth 
strongly  produced;  fuscous  or  blackish,  strongly  punctured,  vertex  testaceous; 
antennae  with  the  2d  joist  very  small;  maxillae  about  half  the  length  of  the 
body.  Thorax  yellow,  one  half  wider  than  long,  sides  parallel,  anteriorly 
rounded,  disc  sparsely  punctured,  with  two  fuscous  spots  towards  the  base. 
Scutellum  black.  Elytra  shining  yellow,  sparsely  and  coarsely  punctured, 
punctures  becoming  smaller  towards  the  apex  ;  bright  yellow7,  with  a  large  apical 
bjack  spot;  thinly  clothed  with  short  black  hair.  Beneath  black,  abdomen  tes¬ 
taceous,  with  the  base  fuscous.  Posterior  tibiae  with  both  spurs  very  slender 
and  acute. 

17.  N.  imraaculata,  virescenti-flava,  nitida,  glabra,  thorace  quadrato,  non 
transverso,  angulis  anticis  rotundatis,  vix  punctato,  elytris  parce  cribroso-punc- 
tatis,  antennis  genubus  tarsisque  nigris.  Long.  *4. 

Say,  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  2,  22.  Am.  Ent.  pi.  3. 

Two  specimens,  Sta.  Fe.  Mr.  Fendler.  The  maxillae  in  this  species  are  only 
one  fourth  as  long  as  the  body;  the  second  joint  of  the  antennae  is  more  than 
half  as  long  as  the  third;  the  first  is  indistinctly  testaceous.  The  spurs  of  the 
posterior  tibiae  are  small  and  acute. 

B.— e. 

IS.  N.  vittigera,  testacea,  parce  flavo-pubescens,  thorace  vix  transverso, 
confertim  punctato,  lateribus  parallelis  antice  rotundatis,  elytris  eonfluenter 
punctatis,  vitta  utrinque  dilatata  infuscata,  antennis,  palpis,  genubus,  tibiis 
tarsisque  nigris.  Long.  *4. 

One  specimen,  Georgia.  Body  testaceous,  wdth  a  few  yellow  hairs.  Head 
densely  punctured,  triangular,  mouth  elongated,  palpi  and  maxillae  blackish,  the 
latter  about  one  fourth  as  long  as  the  body  ;  last  joint  of  the  palpi  nearly  twice 
as  long  as  the  penultimate.  Antennae  black,  second  joint  about  half  as  long  as 
the  third.  Thorax  scarcely  w-ider  than  long,  sides  almost  straight,  apex  rounded, 
so  as  to  include  a  small  portion  of  the  sides;  disc  densely  punctured.  Elytra 
scabrous  with  confluent  punctures,  each  with  a  broad  browmish  vitta  extending 
from  near  the  base  to  the  apex.  Beneath  testaceous,  knees,  tibiae  and  tarsi 
black ;  spurs  of  the  posterior  tibiae  short,  the  outer  one  broad,  obtuse  and 
rounded,  the  inner  one  narrower,  but  also  obtuse. 

19.  N.  c  r  i  b  r  i  c  o  1 1  i  s,  testacea,  vix  pubescens,  thorace  subtransverso, 
lateribus  rotundatis,  confertim  eribroso,  elytris  eonfluenter  punctatis,  antennis 
tarsisque  nigris,  tibiis  versus  apicem  infuscatis.  Long.  *28. 

One  specimen,  Texas,  Lieut.  Haldeman.  Sufficiently  distinct  by  the  strongly 
and  densely  punctured  thorax.  The  antennae  and  tibial  spurs  as  in  the  last  spe- 


1853.] 


349' 


cies  ;  the  maxillce  are  not  longer  than  the  head ;  the  mouth  is  very  much  pro¬ 
longed,  and  the  last  joint  of  the  maxillary  palpi  longer  than  the  preceding. 

20.  N.  porosa,  testacea,  vix  pubescens,  thorace  subtransverso,  lateribus 
rotundatis,  parce  grosse  punctato,  elytris  confluenter  punctatis,  antennis  nigris, 
tibiis  tarsisque  fuscis.  Long.  *24 — *29. 

Two  specimens,  Georgia ;  in  one  of  them  the  elytra  are  brownish,  leaving 
only  a  narrow  marginal  suture  and  base  testaceous.  In  structure  and  color 
resembles  exactly  the  last  species,  but  differs  in  the  sparse  punctuation  of  the 
thorax. 

21.  N.  f  u  s c  i pe  n  n  i  s,  fusca,  capite  thoraceque  testaceis, dense  minus  subtili- 
ter  punctatis,  hoc  rotundato,  elytris  confluenter  punctatis,  antennis  nigris,  femori- 
bus  plus  minusve  testaceis.  Long.  *19 — *27. 

St.  Louis,  Missouri,  Dr.  Engelman.  This  species  also,  in  the  form  of  an¬ 
tennae,  palpi,  maxillae  and  tibial  spurs  resembles  the  two  preceding,  but  differs 
in  the  form  of  the  thorax,  which  is  nearly  round  ;  the  abdomen  and  thighs  vary 
in  color,  being  sometimes  testaceous  and  sometimes  fuscous. 

The  following  species  are  unknown  to  me  : 

22.  N.  minima  Say ,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  3,  3,  306. 

23.  N.  calceolata  Guerin,  Icon.  Regne  An.  136.  “  Reddish,  finely  granu¬ 
late,  antennae,  eyes,  palpi,  tip  of  mandibles,  maxillae,  base  of  femora,  tibiae  and 
tarsi  black.  Long.  10  mill.;  lat.  3£  mill.”  This  may  probably  be  allied  to  N. 
1  u  r  i  d  a  Lee .,  but  as  no  essential  character  is  expressed  in  the  description,  it  is 
impossible  to  recognise  the  species. 

24.  Gnathium  Francilloni  Kirby,  Linn.  Tr.  12,  424,  tab.  22,  fig.  6. 
The  genus  is  said  to  have  the  mandibles  elongated,  and  the  antennae  thickened  ex¬ 
ternally  ;  the  first  character  is  possessed  by  all  the  species  of  Nemognatha  in 
(B — e)  ;  the  second  character  I  have  not  observed  in  any  species. 

Zonitjs  Fabr . 

1.  Z.  atripennis,  laete  flavo-testacea  nitida,  thorace  non  transverso,  late¬ 
ribus  antice  rotundatis,  minus  dense  punctato,  elytris  nigris  brevissime  pubes- 
centibus  grosse  parce  punctatis,  pectore  tibiisque  infuscatis,  antennis  tarsisque 
nigris.  Long.  *25 — ’43. 

JVemognatha  atripennis  Say,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  3,  306. 

Missouri  Territory  and  Santa  Fe.  The  mouth  is  more  prolonged  than  in  the 
other  species,  but  the  maxillae  are  destitute  of  the  thread-like  extension  found  in 
Nemognatha.  The  second  joint  of  the  antennae  is  equal  to  the  first,  and  shorter 
than  the  third.  The  spurs  of  the  posterior  tibiae  are  slender,  the  outer  one  a 
little  longer  and  obtuse. 

2.  Z.  fl  a  vi  da,  flava,  nitida,  thorace  non  transverso,  lateribus  antice  rotun¬ 
dato,  minus  dense  punctato,  elytris  brevissime  pubescentibus  parcius  grosse 
punctatis,  tibiarum  apice,  genubus  tarsisque  fuscis,  antennis  nigris.  Long.  *4. 

Santa  Fe,  New  Mexico.  Mr.  Fendler.  In  form  and  sculpture  resembles  the 
preceding.  One  specimen  has  a  large  black  blotch  at  the  apex  of  the  elytra.  It 
is  possible  that  a  larger  series  of  specimens  may  prove  the  necessity  of  uniting 
this  with  the  preceding  species. 

3.  Z.  biline  at  a,  testacea,  thorace  subtransverso,  quadrato,  angulis  rotun¬ 
datis,  parce  punctato,  elytris  rugose  punctatis,  pallidis,  vitta utrinque  fusca,  saepe 
obsoleta,  pectore,  tibiis,  scutelloque  plus  minusve  infuscatis,  antennis  nigris. 
Long.  *3 — *35, 

Say,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  1,22. 

Z.  lineata  Mels.  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  3,  53. 

Z .  mandibularis  Mels.  ib. 

Middle  and  Western  States,  rare.  I  procured  a  fine  series  of  this  species  at 
Fort  Snelling,  Minnesota.  The  elytral  vitta  is  slightly  abbreviated  at  base  and 
apex  ;  it  is  sometimes  very  broad.  The  under  surface  is  sometimes  uniform  tes- 


350 


[June, 

taceous;  the  pectus,  the  knees  and  the  tips  of  the  tibiae  are  usually  fuscous;  the 
tarsi  are  always  testaceous ;  the  scutellum  is  occasionally  nearly  black.  The 
tips  of  the  mandibles  and  the  antennae  are  black ;  the  second  joint  of  the  latter 
is  half  as  long  as  the  third. 

Horia  Fabr. 

H.  sanguinipennis,  elongato-oblonga,  aptera,  atra,  nigro-pubescens,  sca- 
bro-punctata,  antennis  capite  thoraceque  plus  sesqui  longioribus,  elytris  pallide 
sanguineis,  humeris  obsoletis.  Long.  *3 — *35. 

Say,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  3,  279. 

Massachusetts;  Dr.  Harris.  Found  in  sandy  places  in  early  spring.  The 
ventral  segments  of  one  sex  (female  ?)  are  furnished  in  the  middle  with  a  broad 
black  velvety  patch  of  hair ;  in  the  other  sex  this  is  wanting. 

2.  H.  Stansburii,  elongata,  atra,  alata,  nigro-pubescens,  scabro-punctata, 
antennis  capite  thoraceque  vix  longioribus,  versus  apicem  attenuatis,  elytris  san- 
guineis,  fortius  punctatis,  humeris  distinctis.  Long.  *39 — *5 

Haldeman,  Stansbury’s  Expedition  to  Great  Salt  Lake,  377. 

Two  specimens  brought  from  Utah  by  Capt.  Stansbury.  For  an  opportunity 
of  examining  them  I  am  indebted  to  Prof.  Haldeman. 

Although  so  different  in  form  from  the  preceding,  this  species  exhibits  a  re¬ 
markable  parallelism  of  structure.  In  the  head  and  thorax  there  is  absolutely 
no  difference  to  be  perceived.  The  antennas  are  shorter  and  much  more  attenu¬ 
ated  externally  ;  the  body  being  provided  with  wings,  the  humeri  become  pro¬ 
minent,  while  in  the  preceding  apterous  species  they  are  obsolete,  or  very 
broadly  rounded.  The  larger  specimen  has  a  round  patch  of  black  velvety  hair 
on  the  middle  of  each  ventral  segment  of  the  abdomen. 

Cephaloon  Newman. 

I.  C.  lepturides,  valde  elongatum,  utrinque  attenuatum,  subtiliter  punctu- 
latum  et  pubescens,  testaceum  vel  fuscum,  thoraee  plus  minus  fusco  variegato, 
lateribus  subsinuatim  rotundatis,  angulis  posticis  prominulis,  antennis  pedibusque 
testaceis,  psdibus  posticis  plus  minus  infuscatis.  Long.  -36 — -4. 

Newman,  Erit.  Mag.  5,  377  ;  Hald.  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  2d  ser.,  1,  95. 

Lake  Superior,  no-t  rare.  This  species  varies  very  much,  some  of  the  speci¬ 
mens  being  very  dark  fuscous  ;  the  head  and  thorax  are,  however,  always  varied 
with  testaceous ;  the  sides  of  the  thorax  are  slightly  sinuous  from  the  prominence 
of  the  posterior  angles. 

Although  considered  by  Newman  as  belonging  to  the  CEdemeridae,  this 
singular  genus  seems  to  me  better  placed  as  an  anomalous  genus  of  the  Cantha- 
r id-je.  The  appendages  between  the  claws  of  the  tarsi  are  not  found  in  (Edeme- 
ridae,  while  in  this  tribe  they  have  their  analogues  in  Zonitis,  Horia  and  Nemog- 
natha,  though  in  the  present  genus  they  are  much  larger  and  obtuse;  the 
mandibles  are  slender  and  acute  at  the  apex,  as  in  the  genera  just  mentioned. 

2.  C.  v  a  r  i  a  n  s,  valde  elongatum,  utrinque  attenuatum,  subtiliter  punctulatum, 
et  pubescens,  fuscum,  antennis  pedibusque  testaceis,  thoraee  lateribus  late  rotun¬ 
datis,  angulis  posticis  non  prominulis.  Long.  *35. 

Haldeman,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  2d,  1,  95. 

One  specimen  from  Maine,  Mr.  Brevoort.  This  species  only  differs  from 
the  dark  colored  varieties  of  the  preceding  by  having  the  posterior  angles  of  the 
t-.orax  less  prominent,  so  that  the  sides  are  not  sinuate;  the  head  and  thorax  are 
entirely  fuscous  above,  and  testaceous  beneath. 


Synopsis  of  the  Atopida. Rhipiceridce  and  Cyplionidce  of  the  Uni  ted  States. 

By  John  L.  Le  Conte,  M.  D. 

A  large  mass  of  pentarnerous  serricorn  Coleoptera  may  be  distinguished  by 
having  the  anterior  coxas  inserted  in  deep  acetabula  between  the  pro- and  meso- 
stemum,  and  the  prosternum  although  sometimes  very  narrow,  entirely  cor¬ 
neous.  The  abdomen  has  live  visible  ventral  segments,  except  in  Cebrionidas, 


1853.] 


Sol 


where  the  5th  is  truncate  and  the  Gth  exserted.  This  portion  may  be  divided 
as  follows  : 


A.  Coxae  anticae  globosoe. 

Abdomen  articulis  2  primis  connatis  .....  Buprestidoe. 

Abdomen  articulis  omnibus  liberis,  5to  rotundato  .  .  Elateridne. 

Abdomen  articulis  omnibus  liberis,  5to  truncato  .  .  .  Cebrionidae. 

B.  Coxae  anticae  magnae  transversoe. 

Coxae  anticae  transversoe,  trochantino  magno  .  •  .  Atopidae. 

Coxae  anticae  conicae,  prosterno  brevi,  mesosterno  protenso  .  Rhipicei idae. 

Coxae  anticae  conicae,  prosterno  integro,  mesosterno  simplici  .  Cyphonida*. 

The  first  two  families  under  (A.)  are  very  extensive,  and  must  form  the  sub¬ 
ject  of  special  essays.  In  the  Elateridoe  I  include  both  Eucnemides  and  Thros- 
cites,  as  those  groups  do  not  appear  sufficiently  distinct  to  rank  as  families. 
There  are  also  strong  reasons  for  considering  the  Cebrionidae  as  a  group  of  the 
same  value.  In  them  the  anterior  acetabula  are  more  confined  to  the  prothorax  _ 
than  in  the  remaining  three  families,  which  are  small  in  extent,  and  will  be  now 
considered. 


Atopid/e. 

Coleoptera  pentamera^  antennis  s^rratis,  11-artieulatis,  artvculo  2do  brevi ; 
ligula  quadrifida ;  coxis  anticis  transversis  non  prominulis,  troehantino  magno, 
consp  cuo,  in  acetabulis  e  prosterno  et  mesosterno  cornpositis  pro  unde  insertis ; 
prosterno  corneo,  postice  prolongato  ;  mesosterno  concave;  abdomine  segmentis 
5  ventrallbus  liberis;  tarsis  articulo  lmo  5toque  eiongatis,  hoc  paranychio 
parvo  bisetoso. 

1.  Tarsi  elongati  simplices,  ungues  integri.. 

Antennae  approximatae,  fronte  elongata  angusta,  clypeo 

nullo  ..........  Ectopria  Lee. 

Antennae  distantes  ;  palpi  maxillares  cylindrici  .  .  Stenocolus  Ler. 

Antenn  e  distantes ;  palpi  maxillares  dilatati  .  Anchytaisus  Gtttr. 

2.  Tarsi  elongati,  ungues  serrati  .  Odontonyx  Guer. 

3.  Tarsi  aiticulis  intermediis  dilatatis,  ungues  integri. 

Antennae  distantes,  art.  tarsorum  1 — 4  subtus  lobatis  .  Dascillus  Latr. 

Antennae  approximatae,  art. tarsorum  2 — 4breviter  lobatis  Eurea  Lee. 

Stenocolus,  Anchytarsus,  Dascillus  and  Odontonyx  are  sufficiently  explained 

at  p.  229  of  the  present  volume.  I  must  add,  however, 

1.  To  the  synonyms  of  Anchytarsus  bicolor,  must  be  placed  Eiortes  dehilis 
Ziegler,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  2,  269. 

2.  To  Odontonyx  ornata  G/eer.,  Schaum  refers  Dasytes  trivittis  Germar, 
Ins.  Nov.  76.  The  species  must  therefore  be  called  Odontonyx  trivittis 
Srhawm ,  (Bericht.  Entom.  1849.) 

Ectopria  Lee. 

Antennae  basi  approximatae,  elongatae,  articulo  lmo  crasso,  2  et  3  minutis, 
4 — 10  triangularibus,  gradatim  subangustioribus,  llmo  ovali.  Frons  angusta, 
elongata;  labrum  rotundatum,  mandibulas  obtegens  ;  palpi  filiformes,  maxillares 
elongati,  labiales  breviusculi.  Pedes  tenues,  tarsi  filiformes,  articulis  lmo  et  5to 
eiongatis,  intermediis  coniunctis  aequalibus,  his  gradatim  paulo  brevioribus, 
ungues  parvi  simplices;  tibiae  calcaribus  apicalibus  obmletis. 

The  body  is  shoit,  convex,  narrowed  in  front;  the  thorax  is  transverse  and 
trapezoidal,  with  all  the  angles  acute  ;  the  prosternum  is  produced  posteriorly, 
and  the  mesosternum  is  concave.  The  species  live  on  bushes  near  water. 

1.  E.  thoracic  a,  atra,  subtiliter  pubescens,  thoracis  lateribus  tarsisque 
fin  vis.  Long.  *15. 

Eubria  thoracira  Ziegler,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  2,  269. 

Georgia  and  Pennsylvania,  on  plants  near  water.  This  very  pretty  little 
insect  continues  still  farther  the  affinity  between  Atopidae  and  Parnidae,  referred 
ta  under  Stenocolus  (p.  2'29.)  To  the  genus  Eurypalpus  Lee.  it  shows  strong 


352 


[June, 


resemblance  in  general  form,  and  to  some  extent  in  details  of  structure,  but 
differs  in  the  number  of  abdominal  segments,  and  in  the  form  of  the  head,  as 
well  as  in  the  elongation  of  the  first  tarsal  joint. 

In  the  male  the  antennae  are  larger  and  almost  pectinate,  and  the  sides  of  the 
thorax  are  sinuate  ;  in  the  female  the  antennae  are  strongly  serrate,  and  the  sides 
of  the  thorax  are  broadly  rounded. 

2.  E.  t  i  b  i  al  is,  atro-fusca,  subtiliter  pubescens,  thoracis  lateribus  obsolete 
piceo-testaceis,  tibiis  tarsisque  flavis.  Long.  *15. 

Pennsylvania,  Dr.  Melsheimer.  This  species  is  very  similar  to  the  preceding ; 
it  is,  however,  more  dilated  posteriorly,  and  the  depression  each  side  at  the  base 
of  the  thorax  is  less  deep.  The  sides  of  the  thorax  above  and  beneath,  and  the 
tip  of  the  abdomen,  are  indistinctly  testaceous  ;  the  tibiae  and  tarsi  are  pale 
yellow,  while  in  the  preceding,  as  in  the  next  species,  the  tibiae  are  black.  The 
sides  of  the  thorax  in  the  male  are  nearly  straight,  in  the  female  they  are  broadly 
rounded. 

3.  E.  tarsal  is,  atra  subtiliter  pubescens  postice  minus  dilatata,  thorace 
postice  utrinque  latius  profunde  impresso,  margine  tenui  antico,  tibiarum  basi 
tarsisque  testaceis.  Long.  *15. 

One  specimen,  Georgia.  This  species  is  more  oblong  than  either  of  the  others. 
The  sides  of  the  thorax  are  slightly  rounded  towards  the  base,  and  not  at  all 
testaceous  ;  the  anterior  margin  is  narrowly  bordered  with  testaceous ;  the  basal 
impressions  are  large  and  deep,  so  that  the  whole  region  of  the  anterior  angles 
appears  depressed  ;  the  elytra,  as  in  the  two  preceding  species,  are  coarsely,  not 
deeply  punctured  ;  at  the  base  they  are  a  little  wider  than  the  base  of  the  thorax  ; 
posteriorly  they  are  about  one  fifth  wider  than  at  the  base ;  the  legs  are  black, 
the  base  of  the  tibiae  and  the  tarsi  testaceous  ;  the  prosternum  is  pale  tes¬ 
taceous. 

Eurea  Lee. 

Antennae  basi  approximatae,  articulo  Imo  cylindrico  2do  (2  et  3  ?)  parvo  ro- 
tuudato,  sequentibus  longioribus  triangularibus.  Frons  angusta  deflexa,  apice 
emarginata.  Labrum  rotundatum,  mandibulas  obtegens;  palpi  filiformes,  maxil- 
lares  elongati.  Pedes  tenues,  tibiarum  calcaribus  obsoletis  ;  tarsi  articulo  lmo 
elongato,  2—4  brevibus,  subtus  breviter  lobatis,  unguiculari  praecedentibus 
tribus  aequali,  unguibus  parvis,  integris. 

The  body  is  very  broad,  subquadrate  and  moderately  convex;  the  thorax 
very  short,  strongly  narrowed  in  front,  with  the  angles  acute,  and  the  sides 
broadly  rounded.  The  head  is  small  and  deflexed,  the  eyes  entire  ;  the  proster¬ 
num  is  posteriorly  produced,  and  rounded  at  the  extremity,  the  mesosternum  is 
scarcely  concave. 

E.  nervosa,  atra,  subtiliter  cinereo-pubescens,  scutello,  elytrorumque  lineis 
paucis  subreticulatis  distinctius  cinereis,  prosterno  testaceo,  tarsis  flavis.  Long. 
•17;  lat.  *11. 

Eubria?  nervosa,  Mels.  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc»  2,222. 

Pennsylvania  ;  a  typical  specimen  of  this  very  rare  insect  was  given  me  by 
Dr.  Melsheimer.  The  antennee  are,  unfortunately,  broken,  so  that,  not  know¬ 
ing  the  number  of  long  joints,  I  cannot  determine  whether  the  small  round  mass 
following  the  basal  joint  should  be  considered  as  a  single  joint,  or  two  joints 
closely  united. 

RiIIPICERIDjE. 

Coleoptera  pentamera,  antennis  flabellatis,  rarius  serratis,  sub  frontis  margine 
ante  oculos  insertis,  coxis  anticis  conicis,  prominulis,  acetabulis  inter  pro-  et  meso¬ 
sternum  receptis,  prosterno  corneo,  inter  coxas  angusto,  abbreviato,  ad  meso¬ 
sternum  antice  extensum  applicatum  ;  abdomine  segmentis  ventralibus  5  liberis; 
larsis  articulo  ultimo  elongato,  paranychio  magno,  dense  setoso. 

Of  this  little  family  we  have  but  two  genera  within  our  limits;  in  both  of 
them  the  antennaj  are  11-jointed.  In  Sandalus-  the  joints  of  the  tarsi  are  lobed 


1853.] 


353 


beneath,  in  Zenoa  they  are  without  lobes.  Zenoa  is  also  remarkable  for  its  pro¬ 
tuberant  front,  and  less  exserted  mandibles. 

Cyphonidje. 

Coleoptera  pentamera,  antennis  11-articulatis,  rarius  biramosis,  minus  approxi-  * 
matis ;  ligula  emarginata coxis  anticis  conicis  prominulis,  acetabulis  inter  pro-  et 
mesosternum  receptis  ;  prosterno  corneo,  inter  coxas  angustissimo,  non  abbre¬ 
viate;  mesosterno  nec  concavo,  nec  protenso ;  abdomine  segmentis  ventralibus 
.5  liberis;  coxis  posticis  plus  minusve  larr  inatis  ;  tarsi  articulo  4to  praecipue 
bilobato,  ultimo  brevi,  unguibus  parvis  integ’is. 

A.  Tarsi  articulo  4to  bilobo  : 

Tarsi  omnes  articulo  3io  distincto  ;  (thorax  non  clypeatus.) 

Tibiae  calcaribus  obsoletis  .....  Helodes  Latr. 

Tibiae  calcaribus  elongatis  armatoe  ....  Scirtes  Illiger . 

Tarsi  postici  articulo  3io  vix  distincto;  (thorax  cly¬ 
peatus)  . Sacodes  Lee. 

B.  Tarsi  filiiormes,  tibiae  calcaratae  ....  Eucinetus  Sckupp . 

Helodes  Latr.  (Elodes,)  1796. 

Cyphon  Fabr.  1798. 

From  the  genus  as  defined  by  Guerin  in  his  very  beautiful  monograph,  con¬ 
tained  in  the  “  Species  et  lconographie  generique  des  Animaux  Articules,”  I 
have  removed  certain  species  having  the  thorax  extended  over  the  head,  to  form 
a  new  genus  Sacodes.  The  remaining  species  may  be  grouped  in  the  following 
manner :  i 

a.  Antennae  articulo  lmo  dilatato,  2  et  3io  parvis,  hoc  minu- 

tissimo  . . Sp.  1. 

b.  Antennae  articulis  2  et  3  parvis,  illo  maiore  .  .  .  Sp.  2 — 4. 

c.  Antennae  articulis  2  et  3  sequentibus  paulo  brevioribus  .  Sp.  5 — 12. 


1.  H.  disco  idea,  oblongo-ovalis,  modice  convexa,  rufo-flava,  pubescens, 
elytris  dense  punctatis  macula  maxima  nigra  communi  notatis.  Long.  *16 — *18. 

Guerin,  Spec,  et  Icon.  An.  Art.  No.  9,  p.  9. 

Cyphon  discoidus  Say,  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  5, 161. 

Georgia,  Pennsylvania  and  Missouri.  The  antennae  of  the  male  are  biramose, 
the  third  and  following  joints  being  furnished  with  two  long  cylindrical  basal 
processes.  The  suture  of  the  elytra  is  frequently  yellow,  so  as  to  divide  the 
large  black  spot.  The  male  is  very  rare;  the  only  specimen  seen  by  me  was 
kindly  given  me  by  Dr.  Melsheimer. 

b. 

2.  H.  cone  inn  a,  elongato-ovalis,  minus  convexa,  nigra,  tenuiter  griseo- 
pubescens,  thorace  punctulato,  elytris  dense  punctatis,  laete  rufis,  basi  trienteque 
postico  nigris.  Long.  16. 

San  Francisco,  California,  June.  Body  oblong,  very  distinctly  convex, 
rounded  at  each  end,  black,  sparsely  pubescent.  Head  scarcely  punctured  ; 
antennae  half  as  long  as  the  body,  entirely  black,  2d  and  3d  joints  nearly  equal, 
together  scarcely  two  thirds  the  length  of  the  4th  joint.  Thorax  nearly  three 
times  wider  than  long,  emarginate  in  front,  very  slightly  rounded  on  the  sides, 
broadly  rounded  at  the  base,  surface  finely  punctulate.  Elytra  one  third  wider 
than  the  thorax,  almost  parallel,  tolerably  densely  punctured,  with  very  faint 
traces  of  two  lines;  black,  with  a  very  broad  transverse  red  band,  extending 
from  near  the  ba«e  to  within. one  third  of  the  apex,  and  being  a  little  dilated 
towards  the  suture  ;  epipleurae,  under  surface  and  feet  black. 

3.  H.  ruficollis,  oblongo-elongata,  atra  pubescens,  thorace  subtilissime 
punctulato,  rufo  saepe  nigro  notato,  vel  nigro  elytris  densius  punctatis,  obsoletis- 
sime  tricostatis,  tibiis  tarsisque  testaceis,  antennis  basi  plus  minusve  testaceis, 
articulis  2  et  3io  coniunctis  4to  duplo  brevioribus.  Long.  *15. 


354 


[Ju.\E, 


Limpyri *  rvfiro ?h'<t  Say,  Tourn.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  5,  1C2. 

Elodes  fragilis  Ziegler,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  2,  2U9. 

Elodes  murgiuicollis  Guerin,  Spec,  et  Icon.  An.  Art.  No.  9,  p.  3. 

Middle  and  Southern  States  :  two  specimens  from  Missouri  Territory  have  the 
fee"  entirely  rufous,  but  otherwise  do  not  differ.  One  specimen  with  entirely 
black  thorax  was  found  by  me  in  Georgia;  lam  strongly  inclined  to  believe 
that  this  Icfsl  variety  is  H.  oblonga  Guerin,  which,  however,  is  said  to  have  the 
3d  joint  of  the  antennae  less  than  half  the  size  of  the  secund.  Where  both  the 
second  and  third  joints  are  small,  it  is  difficult  to  determine  their  relative  pro¬ 
portions,  and  on  this  account  too  great  reliance  should  not  be  placed  on  the  cha¬ 
racters  given  by  Guerin  in  his  division  of  the  genus  into  groups. 

It  is  certain  that  this  insect  must  bj  Say’s  Lump.  rv.Jicollis ,  as  we  have  no 
other  that  will  agree  with  his  description ;  from  H.  collaris  and  bicolor  it  differs 
in  having  the  thorax  always  slightly  dusky  in  front ;  Say’s  observation  that  the 
species  has  not  the  power  of  giving  light,  added  to  the  fact  that  the  thorax  is  not 
produced  over  the  head,  point  conclusively  to  the  present  genus. 

4.  H.  p  a  1 1  i  p  e  s,  oblongo-ovalis,  atra  nitida  fere  hispido-pubescens,  thorace 
parvo,  vix  punctulato,  elytris  minus  dense  punctatis,  obsolete  sat  distincfe  tri- 
costatis,  pedibus,  antennisque  flavis,  his  articulis  2  et  3  coniunctis  4to  vix  bre- 
vioribus.  Long.  *11. 

Common  in  the  Southern  States,  and  occasionally  found  at  New  York.  This 
species  is  very  distinct  from  those  of  the  following  division,  which  it  resembles 
in  form  ;  I  cannot,  therefore,  consider  it  as  II.  c  o  a  r  c  t  a  t  a  Guerin.  The  third 
joint  of  the  antennas  is  thinner,  but  not  shorter  than  the  second.;  the  sides  ot  the 
thorax  are  rounded  and  very  finely  margined. 

c. 

5.  LI.  fuse  keeps,  oblongo-ovalis,  nigro-picea,  dense  ‘hispide  pubescens, 
antennarum  basi,  pedibus,  thorace  elytrisque  pallidioribus,  his  dense  punctatis, 
minime  costatis,  thorace  subtiliter  punctulato,  lateribus  subtiliter  marginato, 
antennarum  articulis  2  et  3  coniunctis  4to  longioribus.  Long. -12. 

Guerin,  Spec,  et  Icon.  An.  Art.  No.  9,  p.  15. 

Cyphou  fusciceps  Kirby,  Fauna  Bor.  Am.  245. 

One  specimen  from  Lake  Superior  and  another  from  New  York.  Body  above 
luteo-testaceous,  tcflerably  densely  clothed  with  subereet  grayish  hair.  Head 
nearly  black,  densely  punctulato;  antennre  black,  four  basal  joints  testaceous, 
2d  joint  equal  in  length  but  thicker  than  the  3d  ;  together  tlhey  are  a  little  longer 
than  the  4th.  Thorax  short,  very  transverse,  very  finely  punctulate,  sides 
rounded  very  finely  margined,  not  concave.  Klytra  densely,  tolerably  finely 
punctulate,  without  any  trace  of  raised  lines.  Body  beneath  blackish,  subseri- 
ceous  with  brown  hair  ;  feet  testaceous. 

On  examining  a  series  of  specimens,  which  I  considered  as  belonging  to  LI. 
variabilis  Guer .,  I  find  differences  which  appear  to  have  been  heretofore 
overlooked,  and  which  seem  sufficient  for  the  definition  of  several  species.  As 
these  characters,  which  are  derived  from  the  thorax  and  from  the  nature  of  the 
pubescence,  are  not  alluded  to  in  previous  descriptions, 'I  cannot  be  certain  of  the 
identity  of  any  of  our  native  species  with  those  of  Europe. 

0.  H.  p  i  c  e  a,  oblongo-ovalis  picea,  bre viter  griseo-pubescens,  thorace  punc- 
tulato,  lateribus  rotundato,  subtiliter  marginato,  leviter  concavo,  elytris  dense 
punctatis,  minime  costatis,  antennis  basi  testaceis,  articulis  2  et3  coniunctis  4to 
longioribus,  pedibus  testaceis  femoribus  obscuris.  Long.  *10. 

One  specimen,  Lake  Superior.  This  species  is  similar  to  the  preceding,  but 
the  pubescence  is  shorter  and  scarcely  er^et.  The  thorax  is  more  densely 
punctulate,  and  the  sides  are  reflexed,  so  as  to  cause  a  slight  concavity  along  the 
margin.  The  antennae  are  as  in  the  preceding,  but  the  second  joint  appears 
somewhat  thicker. 

7.  H.  punctata,  oblongo-ovalis,  picea,  degse  subhispide  griseo-pubescen“, 
capite  thoraceque  valde  punctulatis,  hoc  lateribus  distincte  punctulatis,  elytris 


1853.] 


355 


dense  punctatis,  vix  obsoletissime  tricostatis,  pedibus  testaceis,  femoribus 
infuscatis,  antennis  basi  testaceis,  articulis  2  et  3  coniunctis  4to  longioribus. 
Long.  *11. 

South  Carolina  and  New  York.  Dr.  Zimmerman.  Piceous,  densely  covered 
with  moderately  long,  slightly  erect  yellowish  hair.  Head  densely  punetulate  ; 
antennae  with  the  basal  joints  testaceous,  the  2d  and  3d  nearly  equal  in  length 
and  thickness,  together  they  are  longer  than  the  fourth.  Thorax  very  short, 
densely  punetulate,  sides  margined,  scarcely  rounded  except  at  the  angles. 
Elytra  densely  punctured,  with  very  faint  traces  of  three  elevated  lines.  Be¬ 
neath  piceous,  with  the  legs  paler  and  femora  somewhat  obscure. 

8.  H.  nebulosa,  oblongo-ovalis,  nigro-picea,  parcius  griseo-pubescens, 
capite  punctulato,  thorace  obsolete  punctulato,  lateribus  vix  rotundatis,  subcon- 
cavis,  elytris  dense  punctatis,  testaceis,  macula  scutellari,  sutura  postice,  mar- 
gineque  late  infuscatis,  antennis  fuscis  basi  pallidis,  2  et  3  aequalibus,  coniunctis 
4to  longioribus,  pedibus  testaceis,  femoribus  infuscatis.  Long.  *10 — *11. 

Abundant  in  the  Northern  and  Middle  States.  This  species  is  readily  distin¬ 
guished  by  the  punctuation  of  the  thorax  being  less  obvious  than  that  of  the 
head,  and  by  the  peculiar  marking  of  the  elytra,  which  are  punctured  as  in  the 
three  preceding  species,  and  entirely  destitute  of  raised  lines.  It  cannot  be  H. 
pa  d  i  of  Europe,  as  the  3d  joint  of  the  antennae  is  equal  in  size  and  thickness 
to  the  2d.  If  Guerin  did  not  describe  the  head  of  II.  o  b  s  c  u  ra  as  smooth,  I 
should  refer  my  specimens  to  that  species. 

9.  H.  modest  a,  oblongo-ovalis,  rufo-testacea,  dense  pubescens,  thorace 
capiteque  subtilius  punctulatis,  illo  lateribus  distincte  marginatis,  elytris  dense 
punctatis,  antennarum  articulis  2  et  3  aequalibus,  4fo  coniunctis  longioribus. 
Long.  *09. 

South  Carolina,  Dr.  Zimmerman.  This  species  resembles  the  two  preceding, 
but  is  smaller;  the  head  and  thorax  are  equally  finely  punetulate;  the  antenna; 
have  the  3d  joint  as  long  and  as  thick  as  the  2d.  The  side  margin  of  the  thorax 
is  distinct  and  slightly  reflexed. 

10.  H.  p  u  s  i  1 1  a,  ovalis,  nigro-picea,  griseo-pubescens,  capite  thoraceque 
punctulatis,  hoc  lateribus  fere  rectis,  distincte  marginatis,  elytris  sat  dense 
punctatis,  macula  apicali  laete  flava,  pedibus  testaceis,  femoribus  infuscatis, 
antennarum  basi  flava,  articulis  2  et  3  coniunctis  4to  longioribus,  illo  crassiore. 
Long.  *08. 

Two  specimens,  Indiana,  near  Evansville.  This  species  is  more  regularly 
oval  than  any  of  those  above  described  ;  the  antennae  are  as  in  H.  fusciceps  and 
picea — that  is,  the  2d  joint  is  evidently  thicker  than  the  3d. 

11.  H.  collaris,  elongato-oblonga,  atra  nitida,  parce  pubescens,  thorace 
rufo,  vix  punctulato,  lateribus  subrotundatis,  reflexis,  elytris  minus  dense  punc¬ 
tatis,  minime  costatis,  antennarum  articulis  2  et  3  testaceis,  aequalibus,  4to 
coniunctis  longioribus,  tibiis  tarsisque  piceis.  Long.  ‘16. 

Guerin,  Spec,  et  Icon.  An.  Art.  No.  9,  p.  4. 

Georgia,  three  specimens.  Very  distinct  from  H.  ruficollis,  not  only  by  the 
form  of  the  antennae  and  thorax,  but  by  the  coarser  punctuation  of  the  elytra. 
The  thorax  is  entirely  bright  yellow,  without  any  tendency  to  become  dark  in 
the  middie.  The  third  joint  of  the  antennae  is  not  thinner  than  the  second. 

12.  H.  bi  color,  elongato-oblonga,  atra  nitida,  parce  pubescens,  thorace 
rufo,  parce  punctulato,  lateribus  subrotundatis,  latius  reflexis,  elytris  minus 

‘  dense  punctatis,  minime  costatis,  antennis  basi  flavis,  articulis  2  et  3  aequalibus, 
4to  coniunctis  longioribus,  pedibus  flavis.  Long.  ‘1.5. 

Two  specimens,  from  Georgia.  Resembles  the  preceding,  but  at  first  sight 
distinguished  by  the  yellow  feet. 

The  two  following  I  cannot  identify: 

H.  obscura  Guerin,  Spec,  et  Icon.  An.  Art.  No.  9,  p.  4,  and  H.  o b  1  o n ga 
Guer.  ib.  13.  Fresh  evidence  is  required  before  the  European  H.  variabilis  and 

53 


356  [June, 

H.  coarctata  can  be  admitted  into  our  fauna,  into  which  they  have  been  intro¬ 
duced  by  Guerin. 

SciRTES  III . 

1.  S.  t  ibi  a  1  is,  late  ovalis,  niger,  subtilitev  pubescens,  capite  thoraceque  vix 
punctulatis,  elytris  dense  punctulatis,  antennis,  tibiis  tarsisque  testaceis,  illis 
versus  apicem  fuscis.  Long.  *13. 

Guerin,  Spec,  et  Icon.  An.  Art.  No.  3,  p.  3. 

jS.  sohtitialis  Mels.  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  2,  223. 

Georgia,  New  York,  Lake  Superior. 

2.  S.  lateralis,  late  ovalis  niger  nitidus,  subtilissime  pubescens,  thorace 
subtil  iter  punctulato,  lateribus  late  flavis,  elytris  sat  dense  punctatis,  sutura  ad 
medium  rufa,  antennis  tibiis  tarsisque  testaceis.  Long.  *13 — ’10. 

S.  autvralis ||  Ziegler,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  2,  44. 

Pennsylvania,  Georgia  and  Missouri  Territory.  This  insect  is  most  probably 
S.  orbiculatus  Guer.  ( Cyphon  orbiculatus  Fabr.  Syst.  El.  1,503),  but  as  the 
description  of  that  species  gives  the  feet  as  ferruginous,  a  new  examination  of 
the  typical  specimens  is  required  before  the  synonymy  can  be  established. 

S.  suturalis  Guer.  (p.  3,)  is  unknown  to  me  ;  it  corresponds  with  S. 
lateralis,  except  the  thorax  is  entirely  black. 

S.  californicus  Motsch.  (Bull.  Mosc.  1844,  part  1,  p.  35)  is  unknown  to 
me.  His  classical  description  reads  as  follows  : 

“  Snbovatus,  convexus,  nigro-castaneus  slaber,  ore,  antennis,  pedibusque 
anteriores  testaceis,  pedibus  posteriores  nigro-fuscis  ;  femoribus  incrassatis.” 
Long.  11  lin. 

Sacodes  Lee. 

Palpi  maxillares  longiusculi,  articulo  ultimo  acuto  ;  labiales  breves  articulo 
pennltimo  maiore  ovali,  ultimo  laterali,  parvo.  Antennae  subserratae,  aiticulis 
2  !o  et  3io  parvis  (hoc  minore),  4to  reliquis  longiore  ;  tibiae  calcaribus  obsoletis  ; 
pedes  postici  non  saltatorii,  tarsi  postici  articulo  3io  minuto  vix  conspicuo. 

The  body  in  this  genus  is  regularly  elliptical,  and  moderately  convex  ;  the 
thorax  is  semicircular,  produced  over  the  head,  and  strongly  reflexed  at  the 
margin. 

1.  S.  pu  1  che  1 1  a,  longius  elliptica,  flava,  tenuiter  pubescens,  elytris  sat 
dense  punctatis,  macula  utrinque  basali,  alteraque  maxima  posteriore  nigris, 
.capite  antennisque  fuscis,  his  basi  flavis.  Long.  T2 — 15. 

E  tod's  pulckella  Guerin,  Spec,  et  Icon.  An.  Art.  No.  9,  p.  13. 

Middle,  Southern  and  Western  States.  The  posterior  spots  are  very  large, 
extending  in  front  of  the  middle  of  the  elytra;  varieties  occur  in  w’hich  they  are 
*o  much  extended  as  to  become  confluent  on  each  elytron  with  the  basal  spot. 

2.  S.  fuscipenni s,  testaceo-flava,  tenuiter  pubescens,  thorace  medio  sub- 
infuscato;  elytris  dense  subtilius  punctatis,  fusco  piceis.  Long.  ’18. 

Elodes  fuscipennis  Guerin,  Sp.  et  Icon.  An.  Art.  No.  9,  p.  9. 

Nyrteus  ?  thoracicus  Mels.  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  2,  222. 

Pennsylvania:  a  typical  specimen  from  Dr.  Melsheimer. 

3.  S.  t  h  o  r  a  c  i  c  a,  latius  elliptica,  niera,  parce  tenuiter  pubescens,  thorac  • 
fiavo,  scutello  elytrisque  nigris,  minus  subtil  iter  punctatis,  antennis  pedibusqui 
flavis,  femoribus  plus  minusve  infuscatis.  Long.  T1 — 13. 

Elodes  thoracica  Guerin,  Spec,  et  Icon.  An.  Art.  No.  9,  p.  14. 

Pennsylvania  and  Georgia. 

F.ucinetus  Scknppel . 

1.  E.  i  n  f  u-m  a  t  u  s,  piceus,  fusco-pubescens,  elongato-ovalis,  utrinque  rot  :n- 
datus,  elytris  dense  scabro-punctatis,  vix  obsoletissime  striatis,  ore  elonga'o, 
pedibus  antennisque  basi  testaceis,  his  articulo  3io  brevi.  Long.  *16. 

San  Francisco,  California,  February,  under  bark.  This  is  the  largest  species 


1853.] 


357 


of  the  genus  yet  discovered.  It  is  more  regularly  and  obtusely  rounded  poste¬ 
riorly  than  the  other  species.  The  head  is  more  prolonged,  and  the  third  jo.nt 
of  the  antennae  is  only  half  as  long  as  the  fourth.  The  thorax  is  half  as  wide  as 
the  m:ddle  part  of  the  elytra.  In  recently  developed  specimens,  the  sides  of  the 
thorax,  and  the  under  surface  of  the  body  are  pale. 

A  number  of  pupae  found  with  the  insects  have  the  thorax,  the  dorsal  abdo¬ 
minal  line,  and  the  margin  fringed  with  long  spines.  The  specimens  have  dried 
so  much  that  no  examination  of  the  mouth  can  be  made. 

2.  E.  - ,  niger  ovatus,  postice  acutus,  tenuiter  pubescens,  elytris  obso¬ 

lete  striatis,  transversim  dense  strigosis,  apice  feriugineis,  antennis  pedibusque 
piceo-rufis,  illis  articulo  3io  sequente  vix  breviore.  Long.  *11. 

One  specimen,  Vermont ;  collected  by  the  late  Prof.  C.  B.  Adams.  I  can  find 
no  character  to  separate  this  species  from  E.  haemorrhoidalis  of  Europe ; 
with  the  figures  and  description  given  by  various  authors  it  accords  perfectly, 
but  I  have  not  yet  had  an  opportunity  of  comparing  it  with  European  specimens, 
and  therefore  do  not  propose  a  name. 

3.  E.  morio,  longiusculus,  ovatus,  niger,  postice  acutus,  tenuiter  dense 
pubescens,  elytris  obsoletissime  striatis,  transversim  strigosis,  tarsis  anticis, 
antennarumque  basi  testaceo-rufis,  his  articulo  3io  sequente  vix  breviore. 
Long  *11. 

Alabama,  collected  by  Hentz,  and  given  me  by  Prof.  S.  S.  Haldeman.  This 
species  is  narrower  than  the  preceding,  and  more  acutely  attenuated  pos¬ 
teriorly,  otherwise  the  differences  appear  to  be  entirely  in  color. 


Synopsis  of  the  Endomychidce  of  the  United  States. 

By  John  L.  Le  Conte,  M.D. 

Although  I  have  not  been  able  to  refer  to  the  scheme  of  classification  of  this 
family,  proposed  by  Germar  in  the  Encyclopedia  of  Ersch.  and  Gruber,  it  ha6 
seemed  to  me  that  our  native  species  present  sufficient  interest  for  a  synopsis. 
The  necessity  of  referring  to  a  general  treatise,  is  the  less  felt,  as  our  species 
seem  to  enter  a  small  number  of  genera,  most  of  which  are  already  fully  de¬ 
scribed  in  local  European  Fauna,  such  as  Mulsant’s  Coleopteres  de  France,  and 
Redtenba  cher’s  Kafer  Oesterreichs. 

The  following  arrangement  of  the  genera  differs,  however,  in  many  respects, 
from  that  given  by  Mulsant,as  well  as  from  the  portion  of  Germar’s  table  cited 
by  him.  By  considering  specific  characters  as  of  generic  value,  the  genera  in 
this  group  seem  to  have  been  unnaturally  increased,  and  closely  allied  species 
widely  separated.  For  our  genera,  the  following  seems  to  be  more  suitable: 

A.  Prosternum  inter  coxas  distinctum. 

Antennae  gradatim  incrassatae,  articulo  ultimo  trun- 

cato . Epipocus  Germ. 

Antennae  articulis  ultimus  tribus  obliquis,  maioribus  ; 

palpi  maxillares  dilatati . Endomychus  Weber. 

palpi  maxillares  tenues . Mycetina  Muls. 

Antennae  articulis  ultimis  tribus  perfoliatis  .  .  Pnymaphora  JVezoman. 

B.  Prosternum  inter  coxas  non  productum. 

Femora  clavata  ;  antennae  art  lOmo  obi iquo  .  .  L yco perdi na  Latr. 

Femora  non  clavata ;  antennae  art.  ultimis  perfoliatis  Rhanis. 

Epipocus  Germ. 

Antennae  articulo  3io  longiore,  articulis  tribus  ultimis  gradatim  maioribus, 
ultimo  subtruncato,  et  saepe  inferno  acuminato ;  prosternum  inter  coxas  anticas 
angustum,  distinctum  ;  mesosternum  postice  truncatum  ;  palpi  maxillares  arti- 
culo  ultimo  cylindrico. 


358 


[June, 


a.  Corpus  pubescens;  anten.  art.  ult.  subtruncato;  abdom.  art.  6to 
plerumque  exserto. 

1.  E.  cinctus,  obscure  ferrugineus,  pubescens,  thorace  guttis  discoidalibus 
nigris,  elytris  punctatis,  nigris,  limbo  omni  late  ferrugineo,  corpore  subtus, 
tibiis  basi,  antennisque  nigris,  his  basi  apiceque  ferrugineis.  Long.  *4. 

One  specimen,  New  Braunfels,  Texas;  Mr.  Lindheimer.  Head  and  thorax 
dark  ferruginous,  the  latter  twice  as  wide  as  its  length,  sides  reflexed  and 
rounded  anteriorly  as  in  the  others,  with  the  basal  impression  extending  in  front 
of  the  middle;  disc  very  sparsely  punctured,  marked  with  some  ill-defined  black 
spots,  and  two  dots  near  the  lateral  margin.  Elytra  tolerably  finely  punctured, 
pubescent,  black,  with  the  suture,  lateral  margin,  base  and  tip  ferruginous  ;  tip 
truncate  obliquely,  as  in  the  others.  Under  surface  piceous  black ;  anus  and 
feet  ferruginous,  base  of  tibiae  black.  Antennae  black,  first  joint  and  tip  of  last 
joint  ferruginous.  Anterior  tibiae  with  an  interior  prominence  below  the 
middle. 

2.  E.  p  u  n  c  t  a  t  u  s,  obscure  ferrugineus,  pubescens,  thorace  disco  nigro-gut-> 
tato,  parce  grosse  punctato,  elytris  grosse  punctatis,  nigro-piceis,  limbo  omni 
ferrugineo,  antennis  nigris,  basi  apiceque  ferrugineis,  articulo  3io  sequentibus 
duobus  breviore.  Long.  *25. 

Georgia.  Narrower  than  the  preceding,  and  with  much  coarser  punctures. 
This  is  mentioned  in  Dejean’s  Catalogue  under  the  name  adopted.  There  is  a 
very  slight  sinus  at  the  inner  margin  of  the  anterior  tibiae  near  the  middle. 

3.  E.  d  is  co  id  a  1  is,  obscure  ferrugineus,  pubescens,  thorace  parce  punc¬ 
tato,  obsolete  nigro-guttato,  elytris  grosse  punctatis,  nigro-piceis,  limbo  omni 
ferrugineo,  antennis  nigris  basi  apiceque  ferrugineis,  articulo  tertio  sequentibus 
duobus  aequalis.  Long.  *25. 

Texas,  Lieut.  Haldeman.  Resembles  the  preceding  very  closely ;  the  third 
joint  of  the  antennae  is,  however,  longer,  and  the  punctuation  perceptibly  less 
coarse.  The  anterior  tibiae  of  both  sexes  are  slightly  mucronate  internally  at 
the  middle.  The  antennae  of  the  male  are  more  slender  than  those  of  the 
female,  the  thorax  is  narrower  and  the  posterior  angles  more  acute. 

b.  Corpus  glabrum ;  antennae  art.  ult.  truncato ;  abdom.  art.  6to 
plerumque  retracto. 

4.  E.  laetu  s,  elongatus,  ferrugineus,  nitidus,  thorace  parce  punctulato,  linea 
transversa  basali  valde  impressa,  disco  nigro-notato,  antice  transversim  im- 
presso,  elytris  subtilius  punctatis,  nigro-cyaneis,  basi  apice  epipleurisque  flavis, 
femoribus  clavatis,  antennis  nigris.  Long.  *32. 

Two  specimens,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  under  bark.  The  body  is  narrower  than 
in  the  others,  the  thorax  is  one  third  wider  than  its  length,  the  sides  are  more 
strongly  reflexed ;  the  basal  impressions  are  deep,  reaching  beyond  the  middle, 
and  are  connected  by  a  very  deeply  impressed  line  near  the  margin;  the  disc  is 
deeply  transversely  impressed  before  the  middle,  and  is  finely  not  densely  punc- 
tulate  ;  an  indistinct  black  spot  marks  the  junction  of  the  transverse  impres¬ 
sion  with  the  prolongation  of  the  basal  lines.  The  elytra  are  shining  blackish 
blue,  densely  and  finely  punctured,  with  the  base,  the  epipleurae,  the  bead  of  the 
lateral  margin  and  the  apex,  reddish  yellow ;  tip  rounded.  Beneath  bright 
ferruginous,  thighs  moderately  clavate ;  anterior  tibiae  strongly  mucronate 
int-rnqlly  at  the  middle.  Antennae  black,  third  joint  nearly  as  long  as  the  two 
following. 

5.  E.  1  in  eat  us,  oblongo-elongatus,  obscure  ferrugineus,  nitidus,  thorace 
linea  basali  transversa,  disco  piceo-binotato,  elytris  obsolete  punctulatis,  sutura 
plagaque  lateral!  oblonga  late  nigris,  femoribus  clavatis,  tibiis  basi  antennisque 
nigris,  his  articulo  ultimo  rufo-piceo.  Long.  *25. 

Endomychus  liiieatus  Oliv.  Ent.  100,  fig.  2. 

Lycoperdina  vittata  Germ.  Ins.  Nov.  621. 

Eumorphus  distinctus  Say,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  5,  303. 


1858.] 


359 


Middle  and  Southern  States,  not  rare.  The  anterior  tibiae  are  regular  in  all 
my  specimens. 

In  Dejean’s  Catalogue  this  species  is  placed  under  Lycoperdina,  but  the  pro- 
sternum  between  the  anterior  coxae  although  narrow  is  very  distinct. 

Endomychus  Weber. 

Antennae  articulo  3io  vix  longiore,  tribus  ultimis  abrupte  maioribus,  distanti- 
bus  obliquis,  ultimo  ovali ;  palpi  maxillares  dilatati,  truncati ;  prosterrium  inter 
coxas  anticas  latiusculum,  postice  productum  et  rotundatum ;  mesosternum 
postice  truncatum. 

1.  E.  biguttatus,  oblongo-ovalis,  coccineus,  nitidus,  capite  thorace  obso¬ 
lete  punctulato,  scutello  antennis  pedibusque  nigris,  elytris  subtiliter  punctatis, 
guttis  utrinque  duabus  nigris,  posteriore  maiore.  Long.  *16.  \ 

Say,  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  5,  96. 

Middle,  Southern  and  Western  States,  rare. 

Mycetina  Muls. 

Antennae  articulo  3io  longiore,  articulis  ultimis  maioribus,  distantibus  obliquis, 
ultimo  truncato;  palpi  maxillares  tenues,  fere  acuminati;  prosternum  inter 
coxas  anticas  latiusculum,  mesosternum  postice  truncatum. 

a.  Corpus  glabrum ;  thorax  basi  marginatus  ;  prosternum  spatulatum. 

1.  M.  perpulchra,  oblonga,  nigra  nitida,  thorace  rufo,  medio  nigro,  im- 
pressionibus  basalibus  brevibus  linea  basali  coniunctis,  elytris  subtiliter  punc- 
tulatis  maculis  utrinque  duabus  laete  rufis,  tarsis  piceis.  Long.  *16. 

Endomychus  perpulcher  Newman,  Ent.  Mag.  5,  390. 

Lycoperdina  4- guttata  Mels.  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.,  3,  176. 

Middle,  Southern  and  Western  States.  Varies  with  the  thorax  immaculate ; 
the  mesosternum  is  sharply  margined  between  the  coxae ;  the  anterior  tibiae  of 
the  male  are  flattened,  and  slightly  angulated  internally. 

b.  Corpus  parce  subtiliter  pubescens  ;  prosternum  spatulatum. 

2.  M.  testacea,  elongata,  sordide  ferrugihea,  parce  fulvo-pubescens,  tho¬ 
race  linea  laterali  distincta,  impression ibus  basalibus  brevibus,  linea  basali 
coniunctis,  elytris  parce  punctatis,  antennis  piceis,  basi  pallidioribus.  Long.  *15. 

Lycoperdina  testacea  Ziegler,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  2,  272. 

Lycoperdina  pilosa  Mels.  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  3,  176. 

Middle  and  Southern  States.  The  anterior  tibiae  appear  alike  in  all  my  spe¬ 
cimens. 

Lycoperdina  lutea  (Mels.  loc.  cit.)  as  far  as  I  can  judge  from  the  badly  pre¬ 
served  specimen  which  served  as  the  type,  is  merely  an  immature  specimen 
of  this  species.  This  insect  is  Epipocns  ferrugineus  Dej.  Cat.,  but  not  Lyco¬ 
perdina  ferruginea  Lee.  Ann.  Lyc.  1,  172. 

c.  Corpus  hispidum  ;  prosternum  dilatatum,  non  spatulatum. 

3.  M.  hispida,  ovalis,  obscure  ferruginea,  pilis  erectis  dense  hispida,  tho¬ 
race  linea  laterali  a  margine  remota,  impressionibus  basalibus  brevibus,  linea 
basali  transversa  nulla,  elytris  punctatis  nigris,  margine  usque  ad  apicem  late 
ferrugineo,  antennis  nigro-piceis,  basi  ferrugineis.  Long.  *15  — *18. 

Erotylus  hispidus  Herbst.  Kitfer,  8,  374,  tab.  137,  fig.  13. 

Lycoperdina  vestita  Say,  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  5,  304. 

Middle  and  Southern  States.  Varies  with  the  elytra  entirely  ferruginous.  The 
prosternum  is  here  much  wider  than  in  the  preceding  species,  is  not  prolonged 
over  the  mesosternum,  but  articulated  closely  with  it ;  the  mesosternum  is 
therefore  flat,  not  concave,  as  in  the  two  above  described.  This  difference 
seems  to  have  been  considered  as  generic  by  Chevrolat,  and  the  species  occurs 
in  Dejean’s  Catalogue  as  Ephebus  limbatus. 


360 


[June, 


Phymaphora  Newman. 

Antennae  articulo  3io  non  maiore,  tribus  ultimis  abrupte  maioribus  (maris 
maximis)  clavam  perfoliatam  formantibus ;  palpi  maxillares  articulo  ultimo 
cylindrico  ;  prosternum  inter  coxas  anticas  angustum,  distinctum  ;  mesosternum 
elongatum,  bicarinatum. 

1.  P.  pulchella,  elongata  convexa,  nitida,  ferruginea,  fronte  nigra,  thorace 
quadrato,  parce  punctulato,  medio  nigro,  impressionibus  basalibus  brevibus  linea 
basali  coniunctis,  elytris  parce  punctatis,  basi,  fascia  postica  obliqua  apiceque 
ferrugineis  ;  stria  suturali  distincta.  Long.  *15. 

Newman,  Ent.  Mag.  5,  389. 

Lycoperdina  puncticollis  Ziegler,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  2,  271. 

Lycoperdina  crassicornis  Mels.  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  3,  176. 

Found  in  every  part  of  the  Atlantic  States.  In  the  male  the  club  of  the  an¬ 
tennae  is  larger  than  the  head,  and  the  middle  tibiae  are  slightly  dilated  internally 
near  the  tip.  This  species  is  Rhanis  pulchella  Dej.  Cat. 

Lycoperdina  La.tr. 

Antennae  articulis  2  et  3  longioribus  ultimis  vix  abrupte  maioribus,  lOmo  obli- 
quo  ultimo  truncato ;  palpi  maxillares  articulo  ultimo  cylindrico;  prosternum 
inter  coxas  anticas  obsoletum ;  mesosternum  fere  triangulare  ;  femora  clavata. 

1.  L.  ferrruginea,  picea,  antennis  pedibusque  rufo-piceis,  thorace  quad¬ 
rato,  impressionibus  basalibus  longis,  linea  basali  coniunctis,  elytris  convexis, 
thorace  latioribus,  subtiliter  punctulatis.  Long.  *19 — 21. 

Le  Conte,  Ann.  Lyc.  1,  172,  tab.  11,  fig.  14,  (1824.) 

Rumorplms  angulatus  Say,  Journ.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  5,  304. 

Middle  and  Southern  States.  The  femora  are  tolerably  strongly  clavate  ;  the 
anterior  tibiae  of  the  male  are  strongly  mucronate  internally  at  the  middle.  This 
species  is  S.  glabrata  Dej.  Cat. 

Rhanis. 

Antennae  articulis  2  et  3  paulo  longioribus,  tribus  ultimis  subabrupte  maiori¬ 
bus,  perfoliatis,  ultimo  ovali ;  palpi  maxillares  articulo  ultimo  cylindrico  ;  pro¬ 
sternum  inter  coxas  anticas  obsoletum;  femora  non  clavata. 

1.  R.  unicolor,  elongata,  ru  fa  nitida,  thorace  convexo  quadrato,  postice 
subangustato,  basi  marginato,  versus  angulos  posticos  profunde  foveato,  disco 
subtilius  punctulato,  striis  2  antice  abbreviatis  insculpto,  elytris  convexis, 
thorace  non  latioribus,  punctulatis,  nigris,  apice  late  testaceis,  vel  totis  testa- 
ceis.  Long.  *14. 

Lycoperdina  unicolor  Ziegler,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  Sc.  2,  272. 

Lycoperdina  apicalis  Mels.  ibid.  3,  177. 

Middle  and  Southern  States,  not  rare.  The  anterior  tibiae  of  the  male  are 
armed  internally  at  the  middle  with  a  short  sharp  tooth. 

It  is  unfortunate  that  this  pretty  little  species  should  have  been  first  described 
from  an  unusual  variety,  as  the  specific  name  proposed  is  not  applicable  to  well 
colored  specimens. 

1  cannot  find  the  genus  Rhanis  described  in  any  work,  and  therefore  do  not 
cite  any  authority  for  it.  As  here  defined  it  is  intermediate  between  Phyma¬ 
phora  and  Lycoperdina.  The  name  first  appears  in  Dejean’s  Catalogue,  for  two 
species  from  the  United  States,  one  of  which  (R.  hremorrhoidalis)  is  the  type 
here  described,  while  the  other  is  Phymaphora  pulchella  Newman. 


The  Committee  on  the  following  paper  by  Prof.  Haldeman,  reported 
in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings : 


1853.] 


361 


Descriptions  of  some  new  species  of  Insects,  vrith  observations  on  described  species . 

By  S.  S.  Hardeman. 

Cecindela  lecontei  Hold.  Dull  cupreous,  beneath  green,  with  cupreous 
reflexions;  white  pubescent  ;  head  ruguloseflongitudinally  upon  the  front,  and 
transversely  behind  ;  labrum  white,  anterior  margin  blackish,  short,  transverse, 
strongly  tridentate  in  the  middle;  palpi  blackish  green.  Prothorax  minutely 
wrinkled,  narrowed  posteriorly,  disc  convex,  transverse  impressions  and  dorsal 
line  profound.  Elytra  convex,  nearly  double  the  width  of  the  base  of  the  pro¬ 
thorax,  finely  and  obsoletely  punctured,  with  an  irregular  stria  of  large  punc¬ 
tures,  base  greenish;  lunules  submarginal,  distinct,  and  yellowish  white,  the 
humeral  one  rectilinear,  and  extending  to  one-fourth  the  length  of  the  elytra, 
where  it  is  incras:-ated  on  the  inner  side,  touching  the  medial  fascia,  which  is 
triangular,  with  the  apex  extending  one  third  of  the  distance  towards  the  suture; 
the  apical  lunule  is  bent  at  a  right  angle,  and  reaches  the  suture. 

Allied  to  C.  rugifrons  and  C.  scutellaris,  resembling  the  latter  in  the  charac¬ 
ter  of  the  prothorax,  and  differing  from  the  former  in  having  the  humeral  lunule 
entire. 

Wisconsin,  Guex.  Cab.  Le  Conte. 

C.  ancocisconensis  Harris.  “  Upper  lip  3-toothed,  thorax  narrowed  behind. 
Bronzed  blackish  brown  above,  with  w’hite  humeral  and  terminal  lunule,  and 
intermediate  angular  band  enlarged  on  the  margin;  body  beneath  green,  tail 
purple.”  Harris. 

Form  rather  slender,  head  tinged  with  metallic  green,  longitudinally  rugulose, 
especially  upon  the  orbits;  front  with  distant  impressed  shallow  punctures ; 
labrum  white  or  discolored,  the  margin  obscure,  strongly  3-toothed,  with  an 
obsolete  tooth  on  each  side ;  mandibles  black,  with  the  base  white ;  antennae 
and  palpi  metallic  green  and  blue,  with  white  hairs.  Prothorax  as  wide  as  the 
eyes,  and  with  the  scutel,  minutely  scabrous,  anterior,  posterior  and  dorsal  lines 
well  impressed  with  metallic  green,  lateral  margins  punctate.  Elytra  minutely 
punctate  with  blue  or  green  impressed  microscopic  points,  with  an  indistinct 
subsutural  irregular  line  of  larger  distinct  punctures,  and  one  or  two  very  short 
similar  lines  on  the  humerus.  Humeral  lunule  curving  slightly  inwards  poste¬ 
riorly,  terminal  lunule  abruptly  enlarged  anteriorly,  sometimes  continuous  w  ith 
the  marginal  portion  of  the  middle  fascia,  which  is  behind  the  middle  of  the 
elytron,  extending  transversely  less  than  half  the  distance  towards  the  suture, 
and  bent  backward  and  inwTard,  terminating  in  an  enlargement  near  the  suture. 
Beneath  and  feet  green,  with  w’hite  hairs.  In  the  male  the  base  of  the  maxil¬ 
lary  palpi  is  yellow'. 

New  Hampshire,  Dr.  Harris  ;  Philadelphia,  Schafhirt ;  Cab.  Le  Conte. 

Evarthrus  gravidus.  Black,  somewhat  shinin?,  robust  and  depressed,  pro¬ 
thorax  transverse,  lateral  margins  reflexed,  broadly  rounded,  slightly  sinuate 
posteriorly,  dorsal  and  anterior  line  impressed,  basal  angles  square,  writh  two 
well  impressed  longitudinal  striae,  the  surface  of  this  part  and  the  posterior  part 
of  the  dorsal  line  being  marked  with  irregular  waved  transverse  striae.  Elytral 
striae  well  impressed,  finely  punctured  toward  the  basp,  except  the  submarginal 
ocellate  row,  interstices  slightly  convex.  Length  10£,  breadth  (elytra)  4  lines. 

Var.  a.  Interstices  of  the  elytra  smoo  h,  with  the  punctures  more  distinct. 

Var.  Q.  Elytra  smooth,  the  striae  and  punctures  indistinct. 

This  species  adds  a  group  (2f,)  to  the  five  of  Le  Conte,  given  in  the  Journ. 
Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  2d  ser.  2,  227,  and  establishes  a  complete  parallelism  between 
the  twro  divisions  of  the  genus  Evarthrus  formed  by  him,  the  relations  between 
the  sections  2e  and  2f,  being  equivalent  to  those  between  la  and  lb.  The  cha¬ 
racters  of  iiroup  f.  are :  Elytrorum  striis  non  approximate,  thorace  qvadrato, 
postice  utrinqve  bi-impresso. 

Evarthrus  heros  Say ,  (Feronia)  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  3,  145.  Since  Dr. 
Le  Conte  alluded  to  this  species,  Journ.  Acad.  2d  ser.,  2,  223,  specimens  have 


302  [June, 

been  obtained  which  show  that  E.  colossus  Lee.  is  a  distinct  species^and  that 
the  former  belongs  to  the  section  of  the  latter. 

Bolbocerus  fossatus,  $  Bright  pals  ferruginous  ;  clipeus  prominent,  con- 
fluer.tly  punctured,  its  disc  concave  at  the  end  by  the  elevation  of  the  margin, 
sides  parallel,  anterior  margin  with  three  teeth,  one  medial,  bounded  by  an  ob¬ 
tuse  emargination  which  forms  the  lateral  teeth  at  the  anterior  angles  ;  anterior 
canthus  of  the  eye  prominent.  Pronotum  with  two  horns  above  directed  late¬ 
rally,  and  slightly  forwards,  their  posterior  margin  curving  in  a  sharply  defined 
semicircle,  and  forming  an  additional  obtuse  tooth  on  each  side,  which  bounds  a 
deep  fossa  anterior  to  it.  Surface  confluently  punctured,  particularly  in  the 
depressed  portions,  the  prominent  part  above  and  posteriorly  being  smooth  and 
shining.  Lateral  margin  finely  crenulate,  with  a  slight  emargination  over 
the  anterior  angles  ;  dorsal  line  distinctly  impressed.  Scutpl  sparsely  punc¬ 
tured.  Elytra  paler  posteriorly,  and  finely  striate,  the  striae  with  fine  punctures. 
Inferior  parts  of  the  body  paler  than  above;  clypeus,  mandibles,  maxillae  and 
serrations  of  the  anterior  feet  margined  with  black.  Length  lines. 

Texas,  Lt.  H.  Haldeman. 

B.  laportii.  I  propose  to  give  this  name  to  Bolbocerus  ferrugineus\  Laporte, 
An.  Art.  Col.  2,  104,  Westwood,  Lin.  Trans,  vol.  21,  p.  21.  It  is  an  East  In¬ 
dian  species,  and  not  the  true  American  Scarab,  fe.rntgine.us  of  Beauvois,  1805, 
Ins.  90,  tab.  20,  fig.  3.  Scarab,  fe.rrugineus  Oliv.  1789,  Ins.  1,  9,  3,  p.  184,  tab. 
23,  fig.  202,  belongs  to  a  different  genus. 

B.  vestvudii.  This  name  is  proposed  for  Bolbocerus  furcicollis\  Westwood, 
an  East  Indian  species,  confounded  with  the  North  American  B.  fttrcicollis  Lap., 
itself  a  synonym  of  B.  ferruginous  Bpauv.,  and  B.  lecontei[  Dej.  Cat.,  as  Dr. 
Le  Conte  has  informed  me. 

Geotrupes  opacus  llald.  Purple  black  with  scarcely  any  lustre.  Head 
scabrous,  except  a  small  spot  on  the  vertex,  with  scattered  punctures  ;  clypeus 
regularly  rounded,  front  with  three  straight  radiating  lines  starting  from  one 
impression,  the  posterior  one  short  and  medial,  the  anterior  ones  running  to  the 
margin,  and  enclosing  a  small  central  tubercle  in  the  angle  which  they  form ; 
pronotum  w7ith  irregularly  scattered  impressed  punctures,  less  sparse  in  the 
dorsal  line,  which  is  slightly  impressed  posteriorly  ;  punctures  becoming  less 
sparse  toward  the  lateral  margins,  where  they  are  subconfluent ;  lateral  fovea 
present,  scutel  punctate.  Elytra  smooth,  scarcely  striate,  but  marked  by  16 
Bomewhat  irregular  rows  of  fine  punctures.  Pygidium  scabrous,  8  lines  long. 

Western  Texas.  Distinguished  from  G.  blackhnrnii  Fabr.  by  the  want  of 
lustre,  and  the  striae  which  connect  the  elytral  punctures' being  evanescent,  and 
in  some  parts  wanting. 

Enoplium  quadrinotatum  Haiti  Rufous,  with  four  elytral  spots  arranged 
in  a  square  ;  surface  scabrous,  hirsute  with  black  hairs.  Head  and  prothorax 
rufous  above  and  below’.  Front  with  a  transverse  impression  between  the 
anterior  angle  of  the  eyes  ;  palpi,  antennae,  a  spot  on  the  vertex,  feet,  pectus  and 
abdomen  shining  black.  Prothorax  longer  than  wide,  the  sides  convex,  project¬ 
ing  most  behind  the  middle  ;  an  evanescent  black  spot  in  front  of  the  scutel. 
Elytra  each  with  two  conspicuous  round  black  spots,  one  a  little  anterior  to  the 
middle,  the  other  more  than  midw’ay  betw'een  the  former  and  the  apex.  The 
size  of  the  spots  exceeds  one  third  the  width  of  the  elytron.  3  lines  long. 

Texas.  Bears  some  resemblance  to  E.  A-punclalum  Say ;  but  that  species 
has  a  black  head  and  prothorax.  As  in  that  species  the  antennae  are  10-arti- 
culate. 


Genus  Sandales  Knocky  1801. 

S.  niger  Knock ,  1801.  N.  Beitrage,  140,  9  .  S.  Knochii  Guerin,  1843, 
Species  et  Icon,  des  An.  Art.  No.  4,  p.  4,  tig.  1  ;  fig.  2  9*  <Sf.  ntbidns  Mels. 

1815,  Proc.  Acad.  2,  220,  £  .  Rhipictra  ntfipennis |  Dej.  Cat.  Guerin  wras  the 
first  to  point  out  the  male  of  this  species  in  certain  specimens  with  fusco-rufous 


1853.] 


363 


elytra,  described  as  S.  rnbidus  by  Dr.  Melsheimer,  who,  however,  suspected 
that  they  might  be  the  male  of  S.  niger.  Both  sexes  vary  in  size,  the  dorsal 
line  is  sometimes  impressed  in  both,  and  the  distinctness  of  the  raised  lines  of 
the  elytra  differs  in  each. 

S.  petrophya  Knock ,  1801.  N.  Beitr.  131.  Guer.  Sp.  No.  4.  Rhipicera 
fulva  Lap.  1834,  Ann.  Ent.  France,  3,  326.  Eh.  proserpina  Newman,  1838, 
Ent.  Mag.  5,  383.  Male  considerably  smaller  than  the  female,  and  with  the 
elytra  slightly  narrowing  posteriorly  instead  of  being  widest  behind  the  middle, 
as  in  the  female.  Black,  with  an  indistinct  yellowish  pubescence.  Mandibles 
black,  antennae  dark  rufous,  base  black  ;  head  and  pronotum  finely  scabrous,  the 
width  of  the  latter  about  double  its  length,  sides  convex,  subangular  behind  the 
middle,  dorsal  line  impressed  or  wanting.  Scutel  circular,  minutely  scabrous. 
Elytra  but  little  wider  than  the  prothorax,  slightly  tapering  posteriorly,  surface 
deeply  and  coarsely  punctured  in  irregular  longitudinal  series,  leaving  intersti¬ 
tial  raised  lines,  which  are  most  regular  between  each  pair  of  the  punctured 
lines.  Tarsi  with  fulvous  hair  beneath,  ungues  reddish.  Length  5i  lines,  elytra 
4,  pronotum  1  in  length  and  II  in  breadth.  In  case  S.  hrevicollis  Mels.,  1845, 
Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  2,  220,  is  a  distinct  species,  it  will  be  difficult  to  deter¬ 
mine  whether  the  male  here  described  appertains  to  it  or  to  <S.  petrophya.  I 
think,  however,  that  S.  brevicollis  has  no  sufficient  character  to  separate  it  from 
*8.  petrophya . 

Sandalus  scabricollis  Hald.  £  Black,  sides  of  the  prothorax  punctate 
scabrous,  convex  before  the  middle  and  concave  behind  it,  so  as  to  be  slightly 
sinuous.  Length  4i  lines,  elytra  31.  Cab.  Le  Conte. 

The  prothorax  is  more  coarsely  punctured  than  in  <S.  niger ,  (which  has  it 
finely  punctulate)  and  the  single  specimen  observed,  besides  its  small  size,  has 
the  apex  of  the  elytra  slightly  compressed  externally  in  a  sloping  direction. 

Genus  Cryptopleura  Lee.  Journ.  Acad.  2d  ser.  2,  6. 

Head  small,  mandibles  acute,  palpi  with  the  last  joint  somewhat  enlarging 
towards  the  end,  eyes  subreniform,  antennae  short  and  slender,  1st  and  5th  arti¬ 
culations  rather  longer  than  any  of  the  rest.  Prothorax  subglobular,  mesoster- 
num  protuberant.  Scutel  rounded  posteriorly.  Elytra  rather  slender,  wider 
than  the  prothorax,  narrowung  gradually  towards  the  apex;  humeri  prominent, 
sides  sinuate  near  the  base.  Feet  weak,  femora  slightly  incrassated  towards 
the  apex. 

C.  grata  Hald.  Shining  black;  head,  mandibles,  thorax  and  scutel  slightly 
sericeous  with  yellowish  hair  ;  labrum  and  palpi  rufous,  front  flat,  medial  line 
slightly  raised.  Thorax  finely  and  sparsely  punctured.  Elytra  with  fine  and 
sparse  piliferous  punctures,  apex  truncate,  marked  each  with  4  orange  spots  ; 
the  1st  longitudinal,  basal  and  medial  ;  the  2d  before  the  middle,  and  marginal ; 
the  3d  medial  and  subsutural  ;  and  the  4th  immediately  behind  the  3d.  The  3 
latter  are  irregular  and  confluent.  Tibiae,  tarsi  and  base  of  the  femora  rufous. 
8  lines  long,  humeri  4  wide. 

Tampico,  Mexico,  Lieut.  H.  Haldeman. 

Timarcha  intricata.  Oblong  convex,  black,  shining,  scabrous  with  conflu¬ 
ent  impressed  punctures,  which  are  coarsest  upon  the  elytra.  Head  irregularly 
and  densely  punctate,  front  concave,  with  an  indistinct  fovea  on  each  side;  an¬ 
tennae  with  the  penult  articulation  extending  to  the  base  of  the  pronotum, 
exterior  articulations  clothed  with  short  brown  hairs.  Pronotum  transverse, 
apex  broadly  emarginate,  medial  portion  rectilinear;  base  sub-sinuate;  sides 
very  convex,  narrowed  posteriorly,  basal  angles  acute;  surface  varied  with  irre¬ 
gular  shallow  impressions,  and  densely  and  irregularly  punctate.  Scutel  with  a 
few  punctures.  Elytra  scabrous  with  large  confluent  punctures,  the  interstices 
irregular  and  finely  punctate,  humeral  angle  rectilinear  and  obtuse.  Inferior 
surface  less  densely  punctate,  punctures  of  the  feet  fine.  Less  than  5  lines  long. 

Oregon,  J.  K.  Townsend. 

I  have  adopted  the  name  applied  in  Dr.  Le  Conte’s  Cabinet. 


364 


[June, 


T.  intertexta.  General  characters  of  T.  intrirata.  Frontal  base  obtusely 
impressed,  basal  angles  of  the  pronotum  rectangular;  humeral  angles  obtusely 
rounded  ;  abdomen  sub-opaque,  punctures  indistinct.  5  lines  long. 

California,  Joshua  Child. 

Distinguished  from  T.  intricate i  by  being  more  slender,  by  having  the  protho¬ 
rax  more  transverse,  with  the  sides  more  sinuous,  the  antennas  a  little  longer,  a 
deeper  emargination  at  the  base  of  the  elytra  and  prothorax,  the  punctures  of  the 
elytra  more  ru.  ose,  and  the  opacity  of  the  abdomen,  and  less  distinctness  of  its 
punctures. 

Belostoma  impressum  Hald.  Variegated  dark  and  pale  brown,  neurations  of 
the  elytra  varied  with  black,  with  a  black  stigma  at  the  medial  point  where  they 
cross.  Head  short,  pronotum  sinuous  at  base,  sides  sub-sinuous,  transverse  line 
rectilinear  and  obtusely  impressed,  a  fovea  in  front  of  it  on  each  side.  Two 
foveae  forming  conjointly  a  V-shaped  medial  mark  at  the  apex  of  the  pronotum. 
Scutel  with  two  quadrangles  of  raised  lines,  one  on  each  side,  the  raised  dorsal 
line  being  common  to  the  two.  Inferior  surface  flavous,  mottled  with  pale 
brown.  Medial  and  posterior  femora  and  tibiae  with  three  dark  bands  ;  anterior 
femora  robust,  simple,  the  down  confined  to  the  anterior  margin;  caudal  appen¬ 
dages  not  protruded.  23  lines  long,  9  wide. 

California,  Joshua  Child. 

Allied  to  B.  hald  * man  nm  Leidy,  but  distinguished  by  the  dorsal  impressions, 
the  lighter  color  of  the  inferior  surface,  and  the  comparative  narrowness  of  the 
posterior  tibiae  and  tarsi. 

Zaitha  indentata  Hald.  Broadly  oval,  depressed,  dark  brown,  finely  sca¬ 
brous.  Head,  pronotum  and  scutel  with  indistinct  patches  of  very  short  prostrate 
flavous  hair.  Pronotum  pyramidal,  lateral  and  anterior  margin  with  an  im¬ 
pressed  line;  apex  sinuous,  apical  angle  obtusely  rounded,  sides  rectilinear, 
base  sub-rectilinear,  dorsal  line  raised  posteriorly,  and  impressed  anteriorly, 
transverse  posterior  line  distinctly  impressed,  portion  posterior  to  it,  and  ante¬ 
rior  portion  of  the  scutel,  transversely  rugulose  ;  a  well  impressed  fovea  (having 
a  raised  margin)  on  each  side  equidistant  between  the  dorsal  line  and  exterior 
and  anterior  margins,  a  second  shallow  fovea  on  each  side  of  the  dorsal  line 
anteriorly,  conjointly  forming  a  V-shaped  figure.  Disc  of  the  scutel  with  irre¬ 
gular  rug®  radiating  backwards  and  outwards,  medial  line  impressed.  Elytra 
with  distinct  cupreous  reflexions,  neurations  very  distinct.  Feet  with  lines  of 
silky  hair,  their  surface  and  the  inferior  parts  of  the  body  covered  with  short 
prostrate  hair.  Length  15,  width  8  lines. 

California,  Dr.  Le  Conte. 

A  second  specimen  has  two  longitudinal  flavous  lines  on  each  side  of  the  base. 
The  latter  is  a  female,  and  the  posterior  part  of  the  body  above  is  covered 
with  ova. 

Distinguished  from  Z.  bifoveata  Hald.  Stansbury’s  Expedition,  370,  tab.  10, 
fig.  1,  bv  its  darker  color,  broader  form,  and  the  greater  distinctness  of  the  foveae 
on  the  pronoturn. 

Phalangopsis  scabripes  Hald.  Flavous  mottled  with  black,  especially  upon 
the  posterior  margin  of  all  the  segments,  knee  joints  of  all  the  feet  and  base  of 
the  antennae,  brown.  Upper  extremity  of  the  femora  strongly  curved  in  wants 
toward  the  base ;  externally  and  above  regularly  reticulate  with  blackish,  and 
scabrous  with  raised  points,  which  are  mostly  confined  to  the  dark  portions; 
under  margin  with  a  row  of  small  spines  enlarging  posteriorly.  Length  J  11 
lines,  antennae  48,  posterior  femora  1 1,  tibiae  12.j,  tarsi  4£.  One  specimen  taken 
at  Selma,  Alabama,  by  Dr.  Hendree. 

Resembles  Ph.  lap/dicola  Burmeister,  and  gracilipes  Hald.  (Am.  Assoc.  1849, 
p.  336,)  in  size,  but  differs  from  the  former  by  the  smaller  femoral  spines,  and 
from  the  latter  by  the  scabrous  femora. 

Xya  mixta  Hald.,  Shining  flavous  variegated  with  brown.  Antennae  brown, 
head  flavous  punctatp,  more  sparsely  above,  labrum  and  a  large  frontal  macula 
black.  Prothorax  small  and  transverse.  Elytra  flavous,  base  and  apex  brown. 


1853.] 


365 


less  than  half  the  length  of  the  wings,  which  are  pale,  with  the  apex  slightly 
fuliginous,  and  extending  1  line  beyond  the  abdomen.  Anterior  feet  flavous, 
tibial  palm  hirsute,  with  three  terminal  spines,  internal  angle  with  a  slender 
tarsus  (apparently  bi-articulate)  armed  with  two  slender  curved  ungues.  Me¬ 
dial  feet  and  posterior  femora  variegated ;  posterior  tibiae  with  lamellar  appen¬ 
dages  as  in  X.  apicalis.  Abdomen  flavous  beneath  and  at  the  lateral  margin, 
sides  and  apex  brown.  5  lines  long  to  the  end  of  the  wings. 

Fort  Gates,  Western  Texas,  Lt.  H.  Haldeman. 

Resembles  X.  apicalis  Say,  (which  occurs  on  the  Susquehanna)  in  general 
appearance,  but  it  is  smaller,  and  the  prothorax  is  much  less  inflated. 

Termes  nigriceps  Hold.  Body,  feet,  trophi  and  antennae  flavous.  Head 
glossy  black,  sparsely  hairy,  globose  pyriform,  projecting  anteriorly  and  ending 
in  a  long  horn;  antennae  12-articulate ;  feet  slender  and  hairy.  Length  1£  line. 

Soldier?  with  the  head  larger,  sub-globular,  unarmed,  pale  polished  brown, 
front  and  medial  line  impressed;  antennae  14-articulate.  Length  H  line. 

Western  Mexico. 

This  small  species  constructs  nests  apparently  of  cow’s  dung,  which  are 
attached  to  the  trunks  of  trees.  Dr.  Le  Conte  has  seen  this  or  an  allied  species 
in  Central  America.  The  specimens  with  the  larger  head  are  presumed  to  be 
the  soldiers. 

Eumenes  pensilvanica  Ilald.  Black,  with  dilated  impressed  punctures. 
Hypostoma  transversely  truncate,  with  a  marginal  band  of  white ;  a  white  point 
at  the  posterior  base  of  the  antennae,  basal  articulation  of  the  antennae  with  a 
narrow  line  of  white.  Abdominal  peduncle  small,  with  a  narrow  white  hand 
near  its  apex.  Segments  of  the  abdomen  with  a  very  narrow  margin  of  white. 
Wings  pale  fuliginous.  Length  lines. 

Pennsylvania. 

The  smallest  of  our  species  known  to  me,  and  having  the  mesonotum  more 
coarsely  punctate,  and  the  white  of  the  face  forming  a  transverse  band  ante¬ 
riorly. 


The  Committee  on  Mr.  Girard’s  descriptions  of  new  Nemerteans  and 
Planarians,  reported  in  favor  of  publication. 

Descriptions  of  new  Nemerteans  and  Planarians  from  the  coast  of  the  Carolinas. 

By  Charles  Girard. 

The  species  here  described  are  all  marine,  and  were  mostly  collected  by  my 
friend  Wm.  Stimpson,  on  the  coast  of  South  Carolina.  Aware  that  I  was  en¬ 
gaged  in  researches  concerning  the  natural  hi  tory  of  these  animals,  he  very 
kindly  placed  them  in  my  hands  for  description. 

The  number  of  species  thus  added  to  the  American  fauna  amounts  to  nine, 
four  of  which  are  new  to  science  and  two  new  to  America. 

Many  of  the  following  descriptions  were  prepared  with  the  assistance  of  notes 
made  on  the  spot  by  Mr.  Stimpson  himself,  and  while  the  animals  were  still 
alive.  The  coloration  and  general  form  are  thus  more  correctly  given  than  if 
these  characters  had  been  derived  from  the  specimens  as  preserved  in  alcohol. 

There  are  two  forms  to  which  I  would  direct  the  attention  of  naturalists,  as 
they  must  have  an  immediate  bearing  upon  the  question  of  the  natural  affinities 
of  these  families  either  with  annelids  or  with  molluscs.  I  allude  to  the  genus 
Imagine  amongst  Planarians,  and  to  the  genus  Stimpsonia  amongst  Nemerteans. 
The  former  represents  those  gastropods  which  are  provided  with  eyes  at  the  top 
of  their  cephalic  tentacles,  and  the  latter  the  nudibranchiated  acteons,  with  an 
expanded  back. 


366 


[June, 


NEMERTIDiE. 

1.  Borlasia  Xurtzif,  Girard.  Body  elongated,  three  or  four  inches  long, 
subcylindrical,  somewhat  depressed,  continuous  from  head  to  tail.  Anterior 
region  rounded,  elliptical  in  a  retracted  state,  conical  when  protruded.  Color 
uniform  brownish  red,  lighter  beneath. 

From  Charleston  Harbor,  east  of  Fort  Johnson  ;  found  on  muddy  sandy  flats 
on  the  third  littoral  region. 

Genus  RENIERIA,  Girard.  Body  elongated  and  subcylindrical.  Head  coni¬ 
cal  and  continuous  with  the  body  without  any  contraction  of  the  neck.  A 
longitudinal  and  lateral  fissure  on  each  side,  as  in  Meckelias.  Mouth  nearly  ter¬ 
minal,  on  the  upper  surface,  as  in  Valencinias.  Eyes  specks  wanting. 

2.  Renieria  rubra,  Girard.  Body  subcylindrical,  a  little  broader  than  deep, 
four  or  five  inches  long  when  in  a  live  state.  Head  conical,  subtriangular, 
tapering  forwards,  split  or  furrowed  on  the  sides.  Mouth  narrow  and  elongated, 
approximating  the  tip  of  the  snout.  Color  uniform  brick  red,  paler  beneath. 

Dredged  on  muddy  sandy  flats  east  of  Fort  Johnson,  Charleston  Harbor. 

Genus  LEODES,  Girard.  Body  elongated,  depressed,  posteriorly  tapering. 
Head  separated  from  the  body  by  a  contracted  neck,  which  is  provided  with  a 
longitudinal  fissure  on  either  side.  Mouth  terminal.  Eyes  wanting.  Habits 
not  fossorial. 

This  genus  is  closely  allied  to  Meckelia ,  from  which  it  however  differs  in  the 
continuity  of  the  head  and  body,  and  also  in  the  shape  of  the  mouth,  to  which 
may  be  added  the  mode  of  coloration  as  described  below. 

3.  Leodes  striolenta,  Girard.  Body  when  extended,  six  inches  in  length  and 
two  tenths  of  an  inch  in  width  ;  somewhat  convex  anteriorly,  broader  and  flat¬ 
tened  posteriorly.  Head  a  little  smaller  than  the  body,  somewhat  elongated, 
bluntly  pointed,  tapering,  and  separated  from  the  body  by  a  broad  or  very  shal¬ 
low  constriction.  Mouth  slit,  conspicuously  long.  Clefts  on  the  sides  of  the 
neck  very  deep.  Posterior  extremity  sharp  and  pointed.  Eody  thickest  ante¬ 
riorly,  with  a  rounded  margin,  compressed  posteriorly  with  a  sharp  margin. 
Color  of  the  body  above  dark  pink,  with  a  narrow  line  of  deeper  pink  near  the 
margin  on  each  side,  and  covered  with  crowded,  narrow,  dark  grayish  or  black 
longitudinal  lines,  darkest  anteriorly.  Body  margined  for  the  posterior  two 
thirds  with  light  yellowish  gray.  Head  light  gray  with  longitudinal  black 
blotches,  fewest  towards  the  margin.  Beneath  dark  red,  with  anteriorly  dark 
gray  blotches,  mostly  towards  the  margin,  and  a  white  medial  line;  and  pos¬ 
teriorly  without  dark  spots  and  with  a  red  medial  line  and  yellowish  margin. 
Tail  pale,  with  very  few  small  scattered  spots.  In  the  young  the  colors  are 
all  pale  except  at  the  head,  so  that  the  dark  branching  intestine,  occupying  the 
posterior  thr«e  fifths  of  the  animal,  is  easily  seen. 

Found  at  Fort  Johnson,  under  stones  on  hard  clay,  at  low  water. 

4.  Amphiporus  sanguineus,  Girard.  Body  elongated,  depressed,  anteriorly 
broad,  posteriorly  tapering,  sides  parallel,  undulating  when  the  animal  is  in 
motion.  Head  continuous  with  the  body,  and  pointed  forwards.  Mouth  termi¬ 
nal,  minute.  Generative  opening  very  much  elongated,  approximating  the  end 
of  the  snout.  Anus  not  quite  terminal.  Color  uniform  blood  red. 

From  the  fourth  littoral  region,  near  Fort  Johnston,  S.  C. 

5.  Meckelia  Pocohontas,  Girard.  Body  very  much  depressed,  flattened  with 
a  sharp  margin,  attaining  sometimes  a  length  of  three  feet.  When  immersed  in 
alcohol  it  contracts  to  nearly  half  of  that  length  ;  the  anterior  third  of  the  body 
then  becomes  subcircular,  with  blunt  edges  contrasting  considerably  with  the 
remaining  portion,  which  preserves  its  flattened  shape  and  sharp  edges.  The 
head  is  conical,  tapering  forwards  and  continuous  with  the  body.  Snout  split 
vertically,  dividing  the  upper  and  lower  lip.  The  vertical  split,  however,  affect¬ 
ing  only  the  tip  of  the  snout,  whilst  the  horizontal  split  extends  to  the  whole 
length  of  the  head.  Generative  aperture  narrow  and  elongated,  situated  near 


367 


1853.] 

the  anterior  portion  of  the  body.  Color  uniform  yellowish  white,  reddish 
anteriorly. 

Found  on  the  third  and  fourth  subregions  of  the  littoral  zone,  along  the  coast 
of  North  and  South  Carolina. 

6.  Meckelia  Lizzi/e,  Girard.  Body  six  or  eight  inches  long,  flattened.  Head 
rather  short  and  rounded,  without  any  vertical  splitting  of  the  snout.  Genera¬ 
tive  aperture  oval,  pointed  anteriorly.  Color  uniform  dull  yellowish  white. 
When  immersed  in  alcohol,  the  body  assumes  the  same  shape  as  in  the  preced¬ 
ing  species. 

Inhabits  the  sandy  flats  near  Fort  Johnston,  Charleston  Harbor. 

Genus  STIMPSONIA,  Girard.  Body  elongated,  subcylindrical  or  compressed, 
provided  with  an  expanded  back,  on  the  surface  of  which  blood-vessels  are  ob¬ 
served,  as  in  Acteons.  Cephalic  region  marked  with  an  annular  and  smooth 
membrane,  overlapping  the  anterior  part  of  the  body.  A  broad,  terminal  and 
subcircular  opening  communicating  with  the  general  cavity  of  the  body,  and 
through  which  the  products  of  the  general  apparatus  find  their  way  outwards. 
At  the  upper  margin  of  the  cephalic  ring  there  is  a  funnel-shaped  or  rather 
corolliform  organ  somewhat  like  the  corolla  of  the  dragon  root  {Arum)  in  the 
centre  of  which  a  cylindrical  proboscis  may  be  seen,  at  the  inferior  part  of 
which  the  mouth  opens.  The  animal  sucks  its  food  through  this  proboscis,  and 
the  surrounding  disc  assists  in  adhering  to  its  prey.  There  are  no  eye  specks. 

7.  Stimpsonia  aurantiaca,  Girard.  Body  compressed  laterally:  transverse 
diameter  about  a  quarter  of  an  inch;  depth  greater  than  the  horizontal  diame¬ 
ter.  Periphery  of  the  anterior  opening  undulating.  Length  of  the  body  about 
six  inches,  and  probably  attaining  a  larger  size.  Ground  color  of  a  bright 
purplish  or  greenish  hue  with  numerous  irregular  transverse  bands  of  bright 
golden. 

Found  at  low  water  mark  in  holes  descending  perpendicularly  into  the  sand. 
Fort  Johnston,  S.  C. 

PLANARID.E. 

8.  Planocera  nebulosa,  Girard.  Body  about  half  an  inch  in  length,  and  a 
quarter  of  an  inch  wide,  elliptical,  provided  witt  two  whitish,  protractile  and 
retractile  tentacles,  a  tenth  of  an  inch  in  height  when  protruded.  Ground  color 
dark  hyaline,  with  dark  crowded  motrlings,  giving  to  the  whole  a  dark  grayish 
appearance.  From  the  tentacles  a  medial  dark  brownish  red  line  extends  to  the 
posterior  margin.  Beneath  gray,  except  two  whitish  convolutions,  the  genital 
apparatus  seen  by  transparency,  anteriorly  tinged  with  pink.  The  periphery  is 
whitish  hyaline. 

Dredged  just  below  low'  wrater  mark  on  a  soft  muddy  sand,  east  of  Fort  John¬ 
ston,  S.  C.,  by  Lieut.  Kurtz  and  Wm.  Slimpson. 

Genus  IMOGiNE,  Girard.  General  form  elliptical,  discoid,  periphery  con¬ 
tinuous,  provided  all  around  with  a  crowded  series  of  minute  black  specks.  Two 
tentacles  on  the  anterior  third  of  the  body,  and  terminated  by  an  oculiform 
organ. 

9.  Imogine  oculifera,  Girard.  About  an  inch  and  a  half  in  length  and  an 
inch  wide.  Upper  surface  fuscous,  clouded  with  dark  red  spots;  unicolor 
beneath.  Tentacles  cylindrical,  swelling  towards  the  top,  and  terminated  by  a 
rounded  black  eye. 

Found  by  myself  at  Sullivan’s  Island,  S.  C.,  in  May,  1800,  under  stones  at 
low  water  mark. 


The  Committee  on  a  “  Notice  of  the  Mya  Nodulosa  Wood/'  by  Mr. 
Lea;  reported  in  favor  of  publication. 


368 


[June, 


Notice  of  the  Mya  nodulosa,  Wood. 

By  Isaac  Lea. 

In  the  examination  of  the  Molluscs  of  the  Imperial  Cabinet  of  Vienna,  I  ob¬ 
served  a  specimen  of  the  family  Naiades,  which  I  immediately  recognized  to  be 
the  Mya  nodulosa,  described  and  figured  by  Wood,  (General  Conchology  and 
Index  Testaceorum),  and  which  was  placed  by  me  among  the  nodulous  Uniones 
in  my  Synopsis. 

The  form,  thickness  and  nodulous  character  of  this  shell,  is  so  much  like  that 
of  Ujiio  pustulosus,  nobis,  that  it  has  been  thought  to  be  the  same.  I  gave  it  a 
distinct  place  in  my  Synopsis  (Ed.  3d,  p.  22)  with  a  note  doubting  it  to  be  an 
<e  American  species,”  meaning  North  American.  The  locality  was  unknown  To 
Mr.  Wood  ;  and  Mr.  Traiinfeld,  the  able  zoologist,  under  whose  charge  this  de¬ 
partment  of  the  Museum  is  placed,  is  entirely  ignorant  from  whence  the  speci¬ 
men  was  received,  it  having  been  in  the  establishment  during  the  period  of  the 
late  Mr.  Muhlfeld’s  administration  and  without  locality.  Unhappily,  therefore, 
neither  of  the  two  known  specimens  can  be  traced  to  their  habitat.*  The  in¬ 
spection  of  the  specimen,  however,  enabled  me  at  once  to  place  the  species  in 
its  proper  position  in  the  system,  the  teeth,  particularly  the  lateral  ones,  having 
equal  and  parallel  striae  as  in  the  genus  Prisodon ,  Schum,=  Castalia ,  Lam.  The 
cardinal  and  lateral  teeth  are  both  robust,  and  of  the  form  of  the  ponderous  sub¬ 
rotund  Uniojies,  but  the  deeply  impressed  striae  separate  it  from  that  genus  and 
place  it  in  Prisodon.  When  Schumaker  proposed  his  genus  Prisodon,  and  La¬ 
marck  that  of  Castalia  for  the  same  shell  afterwards,  there  was  but  one  species 
known.  It  is  true  that  D’Orbigny  proposed  two  others,  quadrilatera  and  inflata , 
but  I  recognize  these  only  as  variations.  The  genus  Prisodon  will  now,  if  I  be 
correct  in  my  inductions,  consist  of  three  distinct  species,  each  one  belonging 
to  a  well  characterized  group,  viz.  :  the  plicate,  nodulous  and  smooth  divisions, 
and  they  will  stand  in  the  following  order. 

(Plicate.)  Prisodon  truncates,  Schum.=Castalia  ambigua,  Lam. 

^Smooth.)  Prisodon  Duprei,  Lea=Castalia  Duprei,  Recluz. 

(Nodulous.)  Prisodon  nodulosus,  Lea=Mya  nodulosa,  Wood. 


The  Committee  on  Prof.  Baird  and  Mr.  G-irard’s  descriptions  of  new 
Fishes  from  the  river  Zuni,  reported  in  favor  of  publication. 

Descriptions  of  some  new  Fishes  from  the  Fiver  Zuni. 

By  S.  F.  Baird  and  Charles  Girard. 

The  species  of  fishes  here  described  as  new,  were  caught  in  the  Zuni  River, 
New  Mexico,  by  I)r.  S.  W.  Woodhouse,  while  attached  as  Surgeon  and  Natu¬ 
ralist  to  the  expedition  of  Capt.  Seetgreaves,  for  the  exploration  of  Zuni  and  its 
tributaries.  Full  descriptions  with  figures  will  be  shortly  published  in  the  of¬ 
ficial  report  of  Capt.  Sitgreaves. 

They  belong  to  the  Cyprinoid  family,  and  constitute  a  new  genus  which  we 
propose  to  call 

GILA. 

Characterized  by  its  subfusifornr:  and  compressed  body,  its  more  or  less  arched 
back,  especially  in  large  individuals,  anil  by  its  extreme  attenuation  posteriorly. 
The  peduncle  of  the  tail  is  rather  slender.  The  head  is  much  depressed,  pro¬ 
portionally  small,  its  upper  outline  concave,  and  its  snout  elongated.  Eyes  cir¬ 
cular  or  elliptical.  The  mouth  is  small  or  of  medium  size,  the  upper  jaw  gene¬ 
rally  overlapping  the  lower,  so  as  to  conceal  its  cleft  from  above.  No  barbels 
or  rudiments  of  barbels  at  the  angle  of  the  mouth.  Pharyngeal  teeth  oblique, 
compressed,  disposed  on  two  rows  with  their  tip  slightly  hooked.  Branchial 


*  The  specimen  has  the  fine  nacre  of  the  South  American  Naiades ,  and  I  have 
little  doubt  but  that  it  inhabits  the  same  country  with  the  other  two  species. 


369 


1853.] 

arches  four  on  each  side.  Branchiostegal  rays  six  in  number,  three  on  either 
side.  Scales  varying  in  size  according  to  the  regions;  small  and  not  imbricated 
on  the  back,  large  and  imbricated  on  the  flanks,  and  of  medium  size  on  the  belly 
and  tail.  Lateral  line  well  marked,  forming  an  open  curve  on  the  abdomen  and 
straight  on  the  tail.  Caudal  fin  forked  or  crescentic,  generally  unicolor  ;  the 
tints  of  the  back,  flanks  and  abdomen  merely  varying  in  intensity. 

1.  Gila  robusta,  B.  and  G. — Body  very  much  swollen  anteriorly,  and  taper¬ 
ing  very  suddenly  from  the  dorsal  fin  to  the  insertion  of  the  caudal.  Head  very 
much  depressed  above,  sloping  very  rapidly  from  the  nape  to  the  snout,  and 
forming  one  fourth  of  the  entire  length.  Eyes  proportionally  small  and  subcir¬ 
cular.  Mouth  tolerably  large  ;  the  posterior  branch  of  the  maxillary  does  not 
reach  the  vertical  line  of  the  pupil.  Dorsal  fin  situated  on  the  middle  of  the 
back,  and  a  little  higher  than  long.  Caudal  crescentic.  Anal  situated  behind 
the  dorsal.  Insertion  of  ventrals  in  advance  of  the  anterior  margin  of  the  dorsal. 
The  posterior  tip  of  the  pectorals  does  not  reach  the  insertion  of  the  ventrals. 
All  the  soft  rays  are  bifurcated.  Lateral  line  composed  of  about  ninety  scales. 
Color  greyish  brown  above,  lighter  beneath. 

Formula  of  the  fins  :  D  I.  9.  C  8.  1.  8.  S.  I.  7.  A  I.  9.  V  I.  9.  P  15. 

2.  Gila  elegans,  B.  and  G. — Closely  allied  to  the  preceding  species.  Its 
body,  however,  is  more  slender,  and  its  tail  proportionally  more  elongatad.  The 
caudal  fin  is  more  deeply  emarginate  and  more  developed,  as  indeed  are  all  the 
fins.  The  head  is  very  much  depressed  and  flattened  on  the  snout.  Eyes  ellip¬ 
tical.  The  scales  are  proportionally  more  elongated  than  in  the  preceding  spe¬ 
cies  and  are  broadpr  anteriorly  than  posteriorly;  the  lateral  line  has  about 
ninety  of  them.  The  number  of  rays  in  the  fins  affords  also  a  distinctive  mark 
between  both  species.  The  ventrals  have  no  rudiment  of  spiny  ray.  Color 
light  brown. 

Fin  rays :  D  III.  9.  C  9.  I.  9.  9.  I.  10.  A  III.  10.  V  9.  P  16. 

3.  Gila  gracilis,  B.  and  G. — This  species  is  proportionally  shorter,  deeper, 
and  more  compressed  than  its  congeners.  It  reminds  us,  in  shape  and  general 
appearance,  of  the  ((  Shiner  }i  ( Dead  sens  americanus') .  Both  the  dorsal  and  anal 
fins  are  provided  anteriorly,  as  in  G.  elegans ,  with  three  rudimentary  spiny  rays. 
The  scales  arp  rather  small,  very  thin:  there  are  from  80  to  90  of  them  in  the 
lateral  line.  The  relative  position  of  the  fins  is  the  same  as  in  the  other  species 
of  this  genus.  Color  yellowish  brown. 

Fin  raj's  :  D  III.  8.  C  8.  I.  11.  I.  7.  A  III.  8.  Y  I.  8.  P  16. 


The  Committee  on  Mr.  Cassin’s  “  Catalogue  of  the  Hirundinidse  in 
the  Collection  of  the  Academy,”  reported  in  favor  of  publication  in  the 
Proceedings.  (0 tT  See  end  of  this  Number.) 

The  Committee  on  Mr.  Cassin’s  descriptions  of  new  Swallows  and 
Parrots  in  the  Collection  of  the  Academy,  reported  in  favor  of  publi¬ 
cation. 

Descriptions  of  new  species  of  Hir  and  ini  dee  and  Psitt  adder ,  specimens  of  which 
are  in  the  collection  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia, 

By  John  Ca^sin. 

I.  HIRUNDINIDiE. 

1.  Cypselus  squamatus,  nobis. 

Form.  About  the  size  and  general  form  of  C.  ambrosiacus  and  C.  parvus. 
Bill  rather  broad  at  base,  curved,  wings  and  tail  long,  the  latter  forked,  toes  and 
claws  strong. 

Dimensions.  Total  length  (of  skin)  from  tip  of  bill  to  end  of  tail  about  5 
inches,  wing  41,  tail  3  inches. 

Colors.  Entire  plumage  of  upper  parts  greenish  black  with  a  slight  greenish 


370 


[June, 


lustre,  every  feather  of  the  head  above,  back,  rump,  wing  coverts  and  upper 
tail  coverts  narrowly  edged  and  tipped  with  grayish  w’hite,  nearly  obsolete  on 
the  head  in  some  specimens  and  on  the  back  in  others,  but  generally  so  distinct 
as  to  present  a  mottled  and  scaly  character. 

Under  parts  with  the  sides  and  flanks  brownish  black  with  a  green  lustre, 
feathers  edged  with  gray  as  in  the  plumage  of  the  upper  parts.  Wide  medial 
portion  of  the  entire  under  parts  from  tr.e  base  of  the  lower  mandible  to  the  tail 
coverts  white,  in  some  specimens  mixed  with  brown,  especially  on  the  breast. 
Under  coverts  same  as  the  flanks,  and  largely  marked  with  white,  in  some 
specimens  with  the  latter  color  predominating.  Plumage  of  the  tibiae  and  tarsi 
dark  brown,  claws  pale  horn  color. 

Hab.  British  Guiana. 

Obs.  Specimens  of  this  little  species  have  been  presented  to  the  collection  of 
the  Academy  by  Henry  G.  Dalton,  M.  D.,  an  accomplished  and  eminent  physi¬ 
cian  and  naturalist,  resident  in  Georgetown,  British  Guiana.  He  represented  it 
as  a  common  bird  in  that  country,  and  known  by  the  name  of  Sand  Martin,  on 
account  of  its  living  in  holes  in  the  ground  in  sandy  situations. 

We  have  been  rather  disappointed  in  not  finding  a  description  of  this  bird,  hut 
our  impression  is  that  it  has  been  confounded  with  the  Hirnndo  nigra,  Gm.,  and 
it  seems  to  be  the  third  variety  of  that  species  as  given  in  Syst.  Nat.  1,  p.  1025. 
The  true  H.  nigra ,  which  has  been  found  in  Jamaica  by  Mr.  Gosse  (B.  of  Jam. 
p.  63,  pi.  10,)  is  much  larger,  and  is  so  described  by  Gmelin.  Though  resem¬ 
bling  in  some  measure  the  species  mentioned  above,  it  is  easily  recognized  by 
the  scaly  character  of  its  plumage,  more  or  less  apparent  in  all  the  specimens 
that  we  have  seen,  and  is  distinguished  from  any  of  its  American  relatives  by 
its  very  long  tail  and  wings,  and  small  size. 

2.  Petrochelidon  murina,  volis. 

Form.  Size  of  P.  leucorrhoa  (Vieill.)  which  is  H.  frontalis,  Gould,  and  slightly 
larger  than  Chelidon  urbica,  (Linn.)  Bill,  tarsi,  and  feet  small  and  weak,  wings 
rather  long,  broad,  with  the  second  quill  slightly  longest,  tertiaries  emarginate, 
tail  rather  wide,  forked. 

Dimensions.  Total  length  (of  skin)  from  tip  of  bill  to  end  of  tail  about  5f 
inches,  wing  4  i ,  tail  2-S  inches. 

Colors.  Entire  under  parts  from  the  base  of  the  lower  mandible,  (except  the 
inferior  tail  coverts,)  dark  cinereous  or  mouse  color  with  a  silky  lustre,  uni¬ 
form  and  unspotted.  Under  tail  coverts  brownish  black  with  a  green  lustre. 

Head  above,  back,  rump,  wing  coverts  and  upper  tail  coverts  black  with  a 
green  lustre  slightly  tinged  with  violet.  Wings  and  tail  brownish  black  with  a 
very  slight  green  lustre. 

Hab.  Republic  of  Ecuador,  South  America. 

Obs.  This  bird  appears  to  be  allied  to  Hirnndo  patagonica  and  H.  andecola , 
D'Orbigny,  Guerin’s  Magasin,  1837,  p.  69,  and  is  about  the  size  of  the  latter. 
It  has,  however,  no  white  on  any  part  of  the  plumage,  and  the  tail  is  strongly 
forked. 

The  only  specimen  in  the  museum  of  the  Academy  was  received  in  one  of  the 
very  interesting  collections  presented  by  its  constant  friend  Edward  Wilson, 
Esq.,  of  Pembrokeshire,  England,  and  was  obtained  by  him  in  Paris. 

3.  Petrochelidon  ?  tibialis,  nobis. 

,  Form.  Small,  size  of  Cotyle  riparia ,  (Linn.) 

Bill  curved,  rather  strong,  wing  moderate  with  the  first  quill  longest,  tail 
rather  short  only  slightly  forked. 

Dimensions.  Total  length  (of  skin)  from  tip  of  bill  to  end  of  tail  about  4J 
inches,  wing  3  6-10ths,  tail  21  inches. 

Colors.  Plumage  of  the  tibiae  white,  other  inferior  parts  entirely  smoky 
brown,  darkest  and  nearly  black  at  the  ends  of  the  inferior  tail  coverts.  Entire 
upper  parts  brownish  black  with  a  greenish  lustre  on  the  head  and  back,  and 
palest  on  the  rump.  Wings  and  tail  brownish  black. 

Hab.  Unknown. 

Obs.  This  species,  of  which  the  specimen  described  is  from  the  Rivoli  collec- 


1853.] 


371 


tion,  does  not  appear  to  us  to  belong  to  either  of  the  genera  of  swallows  here¬ 
tofore  established.  It  has  somewhat  the  bill  of  Collocalia ,  with  the  wings  and 
tail  of  Petrochelidon ,  and  very  small  and  weak  tarsi  and  feet.  It  may  readily 
be  distinguished  by  its  pure  white  thighs,  and  is  probably  South  American, 
though  we  have  no  reliable  indication  of  locality.  An  obscurely  marked  speci¬ 
men  in  the  collection,  but  which  we  regard  as  possibly  the  young  of  this  species, 
is  labelled  as  coming  from  Brazil. 

4.  Cecropis  badius,  nobis. 

Form.  About  the  size  of  C.  striolata  (Temm.)  and  rather  larger  than  Hirundo 
rufa  or  H.  rustica .  Not  so  large  as  C.  senegalensis ,  but  strictly  congeneric 
with  it  and  other  species  of  this  group  as  given  by  Bonap.  in  Cons.  Av.  p.  339. 

Bill  rather  strong,  wings  moderate  with  the  first  quill  slightly  longest,  some 
of  the  secondaries  irregularly  indented  at  their  tips,  tertiaries  emarginate.  Tail 
deeply  forked,  two  outer  feathers  narrow  and  acuminated  to  their  tips,  tarsi  and 
feet  strong. 

Dimensions.  Total  length  (of  skin)  from  tip  of  bill  to  end  of  tail  about  7  in., 
wing  ,  tail  4  inches. 

Colors.  Rump  and  entire  under  parts  from  the  base  of  the  lower  mandible  to 
the  tail  coverts,  deep  chesnut  brown,  on  the  under  parts  of  the  body,  every 
feather  having  a  minute  central  line  of  black,  not  observable  on  the  rump. 
Under  tail  coverts  widely  tipped  with  black.  No  white  spots  in  the  tail  nor  on 
any  other  parts  of  the  plumage. 

Neck  behind  with  a  collar,  not  well  defined,  of  same  chesnut  brown  as  the 
under  parts  of  the  body.  Head  above,  back,  wing  coverts,  upper  tail  coverts, 
wings  and  tail  black,  with  a  bluish  violet  lustre  inclining  to  green  on  the  wings. 
Inferior  wing  coverts  chesnut. 

Hah.  Malacca  ? 

Obs.  Two  specimens  of  this  fine  swallow  were  selected  by  the  writer  from  a 
large  collection  of  Indian  birds  which  had  just  been  received  by  the  eminent 
naturalist  and  taxidermist,  Mr.  John  G.  Bell,  of  New  York.  He  wras  informed 
that  the  collection  had  been  imported  from  Malacca. 

This  species  agrees  very  nearly  in  size  with  the  Javanese  species  of  this  diffi¬ 
cult  genus,  C.  striolata  (Temm.  and  Schl.)  but  can  readily  be  distinguished  from 
that  or  from  any  other  species  by  the  deep  chesnut  color  of  the  under  parts  of 
the  body,  which  is  almost  immaculate,  and  much  darker  than  in  any  other  spe¬ 
cies  known  to  me,  or  which  I  have  found  described. 

II.  PSITTACIDiE. 

1.  ChRYSOTIS  V1RIDIGENALIS,  nobis. 

Form.  Large,  about  the  size  of  C .  autumnalis  (Linn.)  Bill  strong,  culmen 
curved  from  the  base  and  slightly  grooved.  Wing  with  the  second,  third  and 
fourth  quills  longest  and  nearly  equal,  quills  broad,  tail  of  twelve  feathers,  mo¬ 
derate,  rather  broad,  tarsi  short,  robust.  Small  space  around  the  eye,  bare. 

Dimensions.  Total  length  (of  skin)  from  tip  of  bill  to  end  of  tail  about  12 
inches,  wing  8,  tail  4£  inches. 

Color.  Top  of  the  head  from  the  base  of  the  bill,  fine  crimson,  varying  in 
extent  in  different  specimens,  other  plumage  of  the  head  above  green  at  the 
base  of  the  feathers,  many  of  them  having  subterminal  transverse  bands  of 
bluish  cinereous,  and  all  narrowly  tipped  with  black.  Cheeks  fine  pale  green 
(with  no  yellow  or  red.) 

Entire  plumage  above  and  below  green,  darker  on  the  back  and  tinged  with 
yellow  on  the  under  parts,  every  feather  of  the  back,  rump,  neck,  breast  and 
abdomen  narrowly  tipped  or  edged  with  black.  First  primary  black,  others 
green  for  the  greater  part  of  their  length,  but  bluish  black  at  their  tips.  A 
large  spot  of  fine  crimson  occupying  about  the  middle  third  of  the  first  five 
or  six  secondaries,  which  are  tipped  with  fine  blue.  Tail  above  and  below  dark 
green  at  the  base,  terminal  portion  greenish  yellow,  central  feathers  darkest, 
some  of  the  outer  feathers  edged  with  reddish  chesnut  at  their  bases.  Under 
tail  coverts  yellowish  green,  shafts  of  the  feathers  black. 

54 


372 


[June, 


Bill  (in  skin)  pale  yellowish  white. 

Hab.  South  America.  Brazil  ? 

Obs.  Several  specimens  of  this  bird  are  in  the  Collection  of  the  Academy, 
variously  labelled  “  Psittacus  vernans  ?”  and  (t  Amazona  lilacina  Less.”  It  is 
not  the  latter  species,  and  I  have  found  no  such  name  as  the  former.  The  ex¬ 
tent  of  the  space  on  the  head  occupied  by  both  the  crimson  and  bluish  ash, 
varies  much  in  different  specimens,  and  in  one  the  latter  is  nearly  obliterated. 

This  species  appears  to  have  generally  been  con'ounded  with  C.  auUimnalis , 
(Linn.)  which  it  very  considerably  resembles.  It  is,  however,  invariably 
smaller,  and  has  no  yellow  markings  whatever  on  the  face.  The  bill  is  clear 
yellowish  white,  with  no  tinge  of  brown  or  horn  color,  as  in  that  species. 

2.  PsiTTACULA  LINEOLA,  nobis. 

Form.  Small ;  size  of  P.  passerina  (Linn.)  Wings  with  the  first  and  second 
quills  longest  and  nearly  equal ;  tail  feathers  pointed,  the  two  central  feathers 
longest,  acuminated;  bill  tumid  ;  tarsi  and  feet  strong. 

Dimensions.  Total  length  (of  skin)  from  tip  of  bill  to  end  of  tail  about  6 
inches  ;  wing  4  ;  tail  2a  inches. 

Colors.  Shoulders  black.  Entire  plumage  above  and  below  green,  slightly 
tinged  with  brownish  on  the  back,  and  with  yellow7  on  the  under  parts,  rump, 
upper  and  under  tail  coverts,  most  obvious  on  the  latter.  Every  feather  of  the 
entire  plumage  except  the  quills  and  tail  narrowly  tipped  with  black,  nearly  ob¬ 
solete  on  the  middle  of  the  breast  and  abdomen,  but  very  conspicuous  on  the 
head,  neck,  back,  rump,  coverts  of  the  wing  and  tail,  sides  and  flanks,  and  as¬ 
suming  the  character  of  rounded  terminal  spots  on  the  upper  and  under  coverts 
of  the  tail. 

Quills  green  on  their  outer  webs,  brownish  black  on  their  inner  webs,  tinged 
with  green  and  paler  on  their  inner  margins  ;  tail  feathers  green,  the  two  central 
feathers  with  a  line  of  brownish  black  along  their  shafts  and  tipped  with  the 
same  color  ;  other  tail  feathers  also  brownish  black  along  their  shafts  and  on 
their  inner  margins.  Bill,  tarsi  and  feet  light  colored. 

Hab.  Mexico,  National  bridge. 

Obs.  This  little  Parrot  does  not  appear  to  be  nearly  related  to  any  other  spe¬ 
cies,  and  at  first  sight  bears  a  greater  resemblance  to  some  of  the  small  Austra¬ 
lian  species  than  to  any  which  are  American.  Two  specimens  are  in  the  collec¬ 
tion,  one  brought  by  Mr.  Pease  from  the  vicinity  of  the  National  bridge,  and  the 
other  collected  by  Mr.  Bruzin,  also  in  Mexico. 

3.  Ara  auricollis,  nobis. 

Form.  Rather  smaller  than  Ara  severa  (Linn.)  Bill  abruptly  curved ;  culmen 
flattened,  bare  space  commencing  at  the  nostril,  including  the  eye  and  com¬ 
pletely  enclosing  the  under  mandible.  Wing  rather  long,  second  and  third  quills 
longest  and  nearly  equal ;  tail  graduated,  containing  twrelve  feathers. 

Dimensions.  Total  length  (of  skin)  from  tip  of  bill  to  end  of  tail  about  15 
inches  ;  wing  81 ;  tail  81  inches. 

Colors.  A  large  spot  of  yellow  on  the  back  of  the  neck,  somewhat  rectangu¬ 
lar  in  shape,  and  extending  slightly  on  to  the  sides  of  the  neck  at  its  lower  edge. 

Head  above,  from  the  base  of  the  bill  to  the  crown,  black,  which  is  also  the 
color  of  the  cheeks  immediately  next  to  the  bare  space.  Occiput,  and  all  other 
parts  of  the  plumage,  except  the  wings  and  tail,  green,  tinged  with  yellowish  on 
the  back  and  wing  coverts,  and  very  slightly  with  bluish  on  the  occiput.  Pri¬ 
maries  and  secondaries  light  blue ;  tertiaries  same  yellowish  green  as  other 
plumage. 

Tail,  with  the  two  central  feathers  above,  reddish  chesnut  or  maroon  for  the 
greater  part  of  their  length,  yellowish  green  at  base,  and  towards  the  end  sub- 
terminally  light  blue  and  narrowly  tipped  with  yellow  !  other  feathers  of  the  tail 
much  the  same,  but  with  the  light  blue  predominating  on  their  outer  webs  and 
yellowish  green  on  the  inner  webs.  Under  surfaces  of  wings  and  tail  pale  silky 
yellow. 

Hab.  South  America,  Bolivia. 

Obs.  Peculiarly  characterized  by  the  large  yellow  space  on  the  back  of  the 


1853.] 


373 


neck.  Three  specimens,  much  alike  in  plumage,  are  in  the  collection  ;  two  of 
them  have  been  labelled  in  Europe  as  natives  of  Bolivia,  the  other  without  label. 

4.  PaLjEOrnis  viridicollis,  nobis. 

Form L.  Similar  to  and  about  the  size  of  P.  columboides  (Vig.)  Wing  with  the 
second  primary  longest,  secondaries  short ;  tail  long,  graduated,  with  the  two 
central  feathers  longest ;  tarsi  short  and  with  the  feet  moderate.  A  bare  space 
at  the  base  of  the  under  mandible. 

Dimensio?is.  Total  length,  (of  skin)  from  tip  of  bill  to  end  of  tail,  about  10} 
to  11  inches;  wing  Of  ;  tail  6  inches. 

Colors.  Entire  under  parts  and  collar  around  the  neck  fine  glossy  green.  Front, 
cheeks,  wings  and  wing  coverts  green,  darkest  on  the  quills  ;  head  above,  sides 
of  the  neck,  back  and  rump  bluish  cinereous,  darkest  and  with  the  blue  predo¬ 
minating  on  the  rump  and  upper  tail  coverts.  Tail  above  dark  blue  tipped  with 
yellow,  some  of  the  outer  feathers  having  their  inner  webs  of  the  same  color  and 
greenish  ;  tail  beneath  yellow,  under  tail  coverts  yellowish  green.  Collar  on 
the  neck  in  front  black.  Bill  red,  under  mandible  paler. 

Hab.  India,  Himalaya  mountains. 

Obs.  At  first  sight  the  present  bird  resembles  P.  cohimboides ,  but  can  at  once 
be  distinguished  by  the  green  color  of  the  under  parts,  which  in  that  species  are 
light  cinereous.  It  has  no  black  collar  around  the  back  of  the  neck  as  in  P.  co¬ 
lumboides ,  and  the  color  of  the  tail  above  is  entirely  different. 

Two  specimens  have  been  sent  from  Europe  by  Mr.  Edward  Wilson. 

5.  Prioniturus  flavicans,  nobis. 

Form.  Similar  to  that  of  P.  platurus  (Vieill.)  and  P.  discurus  (Vieill.)  but 
larger  than  either.  Bill  strong,  rather  tumid  ;  wings  long,  second  and  third 
quills  longest  and  nearly  equal  ;  tail  moderate,  rather  wide,  the  two  central 
feathers  with  their  shafts  exserted  and  with  spatula  formed  tips  ;  tarsi  and  toes 
robust.  A  small  bare  space  at  the  base  of  the  under  mandible. 

Dimensions.  Total  length,  (of  skin)  from  tip  of  bill  to  end  of  tail,  about  11 
inches  ;  wing  7}  ;  tail  5  inches. 

Colors.  Entire  under  parts  greenish  yellow,  extending  upwards  and  forming 
a  wide  collar  around  the  neck, — the  yellow  most  clear  and  distinct  on  the  breast 
and  collar, — greener  on  the  abdomen  and  inferior  coverts  of  the  tail. 

Head  fine  green,  tinged  with  light  blue  on  the  vertex.  Upper  parts  of  the 
body,  wings  and  tail  dark  green,  first  primary  light  blue  on  its  outer  edge  ;  all 
the  quills  margined  with  brownish  black  on  their  inner  webs  ;  tail  tipped  with 
black  and  with  its  inferior  surface  greenish  blue.  Bill  (in  dried  specimen)  nearly 
white,  tinged  with  horn  color  at  the  base. 

Hab.  Celebes. 

Obs.  The  only  specimen  of  this  species  is  another  of  the  valuable  contribu¬ 
tions  of  Edward  Wilson,  Esq.,  to  the  collections  of  this  Society.  It  is  quite  dif¬ 
ferent  from  either  P.  platurus  or  P.  discurus ,  both  of  which  species  are  in 
the  collection,  and  is  peculiarly  marked  by  its  yellow  breast  and  wide  cervical 
collar  of  the  same  color.  It  is  labelled  as  a  native  of  the  island  of  Celebes. 


ELECTIONS. 

Mr.  Joshua  B.  Lippincott,  Mr.  Edward  S.  Whelan,  and  Mr.  Peter 
Lesley,  of  Philadelphia,  were  elected  Members ;  and  Win.  D.  Hartman, 
M.  D.,  of  West  Chester,  Penn.,  was  elected  a  Correspondent. 


1853.] 


375 


July  5th,  1853. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  communication  from  Prof.  Agassiz  was  read : 

“The  specimen  of  Cambarus  Gambelii  liberally  lent  to  me  by  the  Academy 
for  comparison,  has  afforded  most  unexpected  information.  Why  that  species 
should  have  been  referred  to  the  genus  Cambarus  by  Mr.  Girard,  who  first  de¬ 
scribed  it,  I  am  at  a  loss  to  ascertain,  unless  it  be  because  it  inhabits  the  United 
States ,  Erichson  having  ascertained  that  there  are  Crawfishes  with  six,  and 
others  with  five  pairs  of  gills,  and  that  the  species  with  five  pairs  of  gills,  for 
which  he  proposes  the  name  of  Cambarus,  live  in  the  United  States.  As  soon  as 
I  learned  that  our  zealous  and  lamented  friend,  Dr.  Gambel,  had  left  specimens 
of  Crawfishes  from  the  far  West,  my  interest  was  aroused  to  the  utmost,  as  I 
wanted  to  know  whether  the  western  range  of  this  continent  would  present  among 
these  animals  the  same  difference  from  those  of  the  eastern,  and  the  same  agree¬ 
ment  with  those  of  the  western  parts  of  the  old  world,  as  have  already  been  ob¬ 
served  in  their  physical  features,  and  in  the  geographical  distribution  of  other 
beings.  My  anticipation  was  fully  justified.  Cambarus  Gambelii  Grir .,  is  no 
Cambarus,  though  it  lives  in  America.  It  has  six  pairs  of  gills,  as  the  Craw¬ 
fishes  of  Europe,  adding  another  instance  of  the  remarkable  correspondence  of 
the  eastern  and  western  tracts  of  different  countries,  when  compared  with  their 
homonyms,  and  of  their  striking  difference  when  opposite  shores  are  contrasted.” 


July  12th. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

Letters  were  read — 

From  the  Linnean  Society  of  Lyons,  dated  22d  April,  1853;  from 
the  Academy  of  Sciences,  Belles  Lettres,  &c.,  of  Lyons,  of  same  date; 
and  from  the  Agricultural  Society  of  Lyons,  of  same  date ;  severally 
transmitting  the  volumes  of  their  publications  announced  this  evening. 


July  19th. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

A  letter  was  read  from  Henry  A.  Ford,  M.  D.,  dated  Glasstown, 
Gaboon  River,  Africa,  March  18,  1853,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of 
his  notice  of  election  as  a  Correspondent,  and  transmitting  an  additional 
collection  of  objects  of  Natural  History  for  the  Museum. 

A  letter  was  read  from  Mr.  Richard  D.  Wood,  of  Philadelphia,  dated 
July  12,  1853,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  his  notice  of  election  as  a 
Member. 


July  26th. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

An  amendment  to  Chapter  3,  Art.  3,  of  the  By-Laws,  was  adopted, 
changing  the  amount  of  a  life  membership  from  fifty  dollars  to  one  hun¬ 
dred  dollars. 


PROCEED.  ACAD.  NAT.  SCI.  OF  PHILADELPHIA,  VOL.  VI.,  NO.  X. 


55 


376 


[  August, 


Also  a  resolution  that  the  amendment  should  not  take  effect  on  the 
present  members  of  the  Institution  until  after  January  1,  1854. 

Dr.  McEwen  announced  the  decease  of  John  Price  Wetherill,  late 
Vice-President  of  the  Academy,  and  moved  the  appointment  of  a  Com¬ 
mittee  to  draft  resolutions  expressive  of  the  sense  of  the  Academy  of  the 
loss  which  it  has  sustained. 

The  Committee,  consisting  of  Dr.  McEwen,  Dr.  Hays  and  Mr.  Vaux, 
after  having  retired  for  a  short  time,  reported  the  following  Resolutions, 
which  were  unanimously  adopted : 

Resolved ,  That  the  Academy  profoundly  regrets  the  loss  which  it  has  sustained 
by  the  death  of  its  late  Vice  President,  John  Price  Wetherill,  who  for  thirty 
years  has  been  an  active  and  useful  member,  contributing  liberally  to  its  Libra¬ 
ry  and  Cabinet,  and,  where  occasion  required,  to  its  funds ;  and  who,  by  his 
zealous  and  untiring  efforts  for  the  promotion  of  the  objects  of  the  Academy, 
has  largely  contributed  to  its  present  prosperous  condition. 

Resolved ,  That  the  members  of  the  Academy,  individually,  have  lost  a  warm 
friend ;  one  whose  advice  and  sympathy  were  always  ready  in  those  peculiar 
circumstances  requiring  a  sound,  discriminating  judgment. 

Resolved ,  That  in  testimony  of  respect  for  his  memory,  the  members  of  the 
Academy  will  attend  his  funeral  in  a  body,  and  that  the  President’s  chair  be 
dressed  in  mourning  for  three  months. 


ELECTION. 

John  C.  Bullitt,  Esq.,  of  Philadelphia,  was  elected  a  Member. 


August  2d. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

The  following  letter  from  Mr.  Isaac  Lea,  dated  Langen  Schwalback, 
Duchy  of  Nassau,  June  21,  1853,  addressed  to  Dr.  Leidy,  was  read  : 

“My  kind  friend,  Professor  Dunker,  of  Cassel,  most  generously  gave  me  his 
only  specimen  of  a  rare  species  of  the  family  Naiades  of  Lamarck,  under  the  name 
of  Castalia  sulcata ,  Krauss.  On  examining  it,  I  found  that  while  it  had  some 
of  the  general  characters  of  this  genus,  (Prisidon,  Schum .,=  Castalia,  Lam.,)  it 
had  not  that  of  the  striate  teeth.  It  therefore  properly  belongs  to  the  TJniones , 
and  must  be  placed  in  the  triangular  group  of  that  genus.  In  this  translation  it 
loses  its  specific  name,  as  that  has  long  since  been  applied  by  me  to  a  species  of 
TJnio  from  the  Ohio  river.  I  therefore  propose  to  name  it  after  the  able  natural¬ 
ist,  Prof.  Krauss,  of  Stuttgart,  who  has  been  the  first  to  describe  it,  and  it  will 
follow  in  my  systematic  arrangement  after  TJnio  triangularis ,  Barnes,  under  the 
name  of  TJnio  Kraussii  Lea,  with  the  synonym  of  Castalia  sulcata ,  Krauss. 

In  Prof.  Dunker’s  interesting  collection,  I  observed  a  nearly  perfect  valve  of 
a  Naiad ,  from  Liberia,  under  the  name  of  Anodonta  Herculea ,  Middendorf. 
This,  I  have  no  doubt,  is  the  Dipsas  plicatus,  Leach.  The  dimensions  of  this 
specimen  are  greater  than  any  I  have  ever  seen  of  the  family  of  Naiades.  Its 
breadth  is  12 $  inches,  and  its  length  71  inches,  which  is  greater  than  the  speci¬ 
men  in  the  collection  of  our  Academy. 

I  also  observed  in  Prof.  Dunker’s  collection  his  TJnio  macropterus  *  which  is 
the  same  as  my  TJnio  superbus,  and  therefore  is  a  synonym  to  the  latter.  His 


Its  habitat  is  found  to  be  Danu-Luar  River,  Island  of  Sumatra. 


1853.] 


377 


TJnio  Cumingii  is  the  same  with  my  JJnio  cucnmoides — is  therefore  a  synonym  to 
the  latter.  Prof.  Dunker  had  not  had  access  to  my  descriptions  of  the  above 
species  when  he  described  in  the  Zeitschrift  fur  Malakozoolgie,  1846  and  1852. ” 


Mr.  Girard  read  two  papers,  entitled  severally  11  Observations  upon 
the  American  species  of  the  genus  Esox,”  and  u  Note  upon  a  nest  con¬ 
structed  by  Catfishes  both  of  which  were  referred  to  the  following 
Committee :  Major  Le  Conte,  Dr.  Zantzinger  and  Dr.  Ruschenberger. 
Dr.  Leidy  offered  the  following  observations  : 

In  the  Proceedings  of  the  Academy  for  1851,  page  326,  some  remains  of  extinct 
Cetacea  are  indicated  as  having  been  obtained  from  the  green  sand  of  New  Jer¬ 
sey.  At  the  request  of  Sir  Charles  Lyell,  I  have  directed  more  particular  atten¬ 
tion  to  the  specimens  with  a  view  to  determining  whether  they  are  true  cretace¬ 
ous  fossils. 

The  species  named  Priscodelphinus  Harlani  was  proposed  upon  a  single  verte¬ 
bra  which  had  been  previously  described  by  Dr.  Harlan,  as  having  belonged  to 
the  saurian  genus  Plesiosaurus .  In  regard  to  the  cetacean  character  of  the  bone 
there  is  no  doubt.  The  specimen  was  obtained  from  the  marl  of  Mullica  Hill, 
which  certainly  belongs  to  the  green  sand  formation  of  the  cretaceous  series. 
But  as  we  know  that  remains  of  recent  animals  occasionally  find  their  way  into 
the  marl,*  the  vertebra  under  consideration  may  also  be  accidental  in  its  posi¬ 
tion.  In  texture  the  specimen  has  more  the  appearance  of  most  of  the  Miocene 
Cetacean  fossils,  than  it  has  the  bones  of  the  saurians  belonging  to  the  marl, 
although  there  is  no  miocene  formation  at  Mullica  Hill. 

The  species  Priscodelphinus  grandcevus  was  proposed  on  two  vertebrae,  which 
were  found  by  Dr.  J.  Thomas,  in  the  Shiloh  marl  pits  near  Jericho,  Cumberland 
Co.,  and  this  Mr.  T.  A.  Conrad,  who  recently  visited  the  locality,  informs  me 
is  a  miocene  formation. 

Mr.  Conrad  has  presented  me  with  an  outline  drawing  (of  which  the  accom¬ 
panying  wood  engraving  is  a  copy,)  of  a  tooth,  discovered  by  Mr. 

Samuel  A.  Wetherill  in  the  green  sand,  of  the  cretaceous  series, 
near  Burlington,  New  Jersey.  The  specimen  was  given  to  Mri 
Conrad,  who  made  the  drawing  indicated,  and  afterwards 
loaned  it  to  an  acquaintance,  from  whom  he  has  not  been  able  to 
obtain  it  again.  The  figure  representi^T  double-fanged  tooth, 
with  a  crown  divided  into  five  prominent  lobes.  It  is,  without 
doubt,  the  tooth  of  a  mammal,  and  resembles  very  much  one  of 
the  posterior  molars  of  Stenorhynchus  serridens ,  Owen,  an  ani¬ 
mal  of  the  seal  tribe.  It  may  have  belonged  to  a  cetacean  allied 
to  Basilosaurus,  but  until  further  evidence  is  obtained,  I  propose 
to  call  the  species  indicated  by  the  tooth  Stenorhynchus  vetus. 

Prof.  Francis  S.  Holmes,  of  Charleston,  S.  C.,  has  sent  for  my  inspection  a 
collection  of  mammalian  fossils,  among  which  are  the  remains  of  several  cetace¬ 
ans  as  follows  : 

1.  A  nearly  entire  tooth,  with  fragments  of  five  others,  from  the  sands  of  Ash¬ 
ley  River,  S.  C.  These  teeth  may  be  saurian  in  character,  but  I  suspect  them 
to  belong  to  a  cetaceous  genus  of  the  family  Delphinidae.  The  nearly  entire  spe¬ 
cimen  resembles  in  general  form  the  teeth  of  the  dolphins.  It  is  about  three 
inches  long,  and  is  curved  ;  and  it  has  a  conical  crown  capped  with  enamel,  which 
forms  a  salient  ridge  on  two  sides.  The  fans  is  long  and  conoidal ;  and  just  be¬ 
yond  the  crown  is  gibbous.  On  several  of  the  specimens  the  enamel  is  smooth, 
but  on  the  others  is  longitudinally  corrugated.  For  the  animal  to  which  these- 
teeth  belonged  the  name  of  Colophonodon  Holmesii  is  proposed. 

2.  Twelve  imperfect  teeth,  averaging  an  inch  in  length,  from  the  same  locality 
as  the  former,  belonging  to  the  genus  Phocodon?  Agassiz. 


•See  Proceedings,  vol.  v,  333. 


378 


[August, 


3.  Portions  of  three  teeth,  and  fragments  of  two  tympanic  bones  of  a  species 
of  spermaceti  whale,  from  the  sands  of  Ashley  River.  The  best  preserved  por¬ 
tion  of  a  tooth  in  its  perfect  condition  appears  to  have  been  about  five  inches  in 
length,  and  at  its  middle  it  measures  four  and  three-quarter  inches  in  circumfer¬ 
ence.  For  the  species  the  name  Physeter  antiquus  is  proposed. 

4.  Quite  lately  I  received  from  Prof.  Holmes  fragments  of  both  sides  of  a  lower 
jaw,  two  teeth,  and  a  portion  of  a  rib  of  a  cetacean,  from  the  miocene  formation 
of  Virginia.  The  species  belonged  to  the  family  Delphinidae,  and  probably  ap¬ 
pertains  to  a  new  genus.  The  more  perfect  of  the  two  teeth  appears  to  have 
been  about  five  inches  in  length,  and  it  is  curved  conical.  The  fang  is  quadrate 
and  hollowed,  and  the  surface  of  the  tooth,  nearly  to  the  end  of  the  crown,  which 
appears  not  to  have  been  covered  with  enamel,  is  annularly  and  longitudinally 
corrugated.  The  greatest  circumference  of  this  tooth  is  three  inches  in  length, 
and  nearly  straight.  For  the  animal  I  propose  the  name  of  Orycterocetus  qtiadra- 
tidens. 


August  9tb. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

A  letter  was  read  from  Samuel  V.  Merrick,  Esq.,  acknowledging  the 
receipt  of  his  notice  of  election  as  a  Member. 

Also  a  letter  from  James  M.  Hamilton,  Esq.,  dated  New  York,  Aug. 
6,  1853,  addressed  to  Mr.  R.  E.  Peterson,  in  relation  to  the  Hamilton 
Lands.  Referred  to  the  Committee  on  the  subject. 

Mr.  Charles  Girard  made  a  communication,  on  behalf  of  Prof.  Baird  and 
himself,  upon  a  species  of  frog,  and  another  of  toad,  which  they  had  recently  de¬ 
scribed  from  specimens  in  the  Herpetological  Collections  of  the  U.  S.  Explor¬ 
ing  Expedition.  Both  of  the  species  were  obtained  in  Oregon,  the  frog  on  Puget 
Sound,  and  the  toad  on  Columbia  River.  He  characterised  them  as  follows : 

Rana  pretiosa,  B.  and  G. — Ground  color  above  reddish-brown,  blotched  with 
black.  A  deep  brown  vitta  extending  from  the  eye  to  the  shoulder  in  passing  over 
the  tympanum,  and  below  which  is  a  yellowish  one  passing  over  the  angle  of 
the  mouth.  Beneath  dull  greenish-yellow.  Vomerine  teeth  disposed  in  two 
roundish  groups,  between  the  inner  nostrils.  Tympanum  very  distinct,  rather 
small.  Feet  underneath  granulated.  Fingers  slender  and  tapering.  Toes  webbed 
to  their  tip.  A  small  and  flattened  horny  processus  at  the  base  of  the  inner  toe, 
and  a  minute  conical  metatarsal  tubercle  situated  between  the  fourth  and  fifth 
toes.  Skin  finely  granular  on  the  anterior  portion  of  the  back,  more  coarsely 
posteriorly,  and  also  on  the  sides  of  the  abdomen.  Two  dorsal  series  of  pores, 
one  on  each  side  of  the  back,  but  not  very  conspicuous. 

Obs. — Is  distinguished  from  R.  aurora,  in  having  proportionally  much  shorter 
legs,  especially  the  hind  ones ;  also  by  the  palmation  of  the  toes,  the  membrane 
of  which  extends  to  their  very  tip,  whilst  in  R.  aurora  the  tip  of  the  toes  extends 
beyond  their  membrane.  The  granulation  of  the  body  and  inferior  surface  of  the 
feet  is  another  feature  by  which  both  species  differ. 

Bufo  columbtensis,  B.  and  G. — Ground  color  light  greenish,  with  large  and 
irregular  black  blotches  and  reddish  dots:  a  dorsal  white  vitta;  an  oblique  black 
patch  under  the  eye.  Beneath  of  a  soiled  yellow,  maculated.  First  finger  equal 
to  the  second  in  length.  Upper  surface  of  head  without  elevated  ridges  and 
grooves ;  skin  in  this  region  rather  thin,  and  firmly  adhering  to  the  skull.  Pa¬ 
rotids  oblong,  quite  small.  Tympanum  small,  very  distinct.  Toes  webbed  to 
nearly  their  tip.  Two  large  metatarsal  tubercles.  A  membranous  ridge  along 
the  inner  edge  of  the  tarsus.  Skin  glandulous. 

Obs. — May  be  distinguished  from  B.  boreas  by  the  relative  size  of  the  first 


1853.] 


379 


and  second  fingers,  which,  in  the  present  species  are  equal  in  length,  whilst  in 
B.  boreas  the  first  is  longer  than  the  second.  The  membranes  uniting  the  toes 
are  more  deeply  emarginate  in  B.  columbiensis ,  and  in  which  also  the  sole  of  the 
foot  is  granular  instead  of  being  smooth. 


August  16th. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

A  communication  was  read  from  the  Royal  Bavarian  Academy,  dated 
Munich,  6th  Nov.,  1853,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  the  Proceedings, 
vol.  5,  Nos.  9 — 12  ;  vol.  6,  Nos.  1  and  2 ;  and  Journal,  new  series, 
part  2  of  vol.  2  ;  and  requesting  certain  Nos.  of  the  Proceedings  defi¬ 
cient  in  their  series;  also  transmitting  their  publications  announced  this 
evening. 

Mr.  Girard  presented  two  communications  by  Prof.  Baird  and  him¬ 
self,  intended  for  publication  in  the  Proceedings,  entitled  u  Descriptions 
of  Fishes  collected  by  Captains  K.  B.  Marcy  and  George  Mc’Clellan,  in 
Arkansas/’  and  u  Descriptions  of  new  species  of  Fishes,  collected  by 
Mr.  John  H.  Clarke,  on  the  United  States  and  Mexican  Boundary 
Survey,  under  Lieut.-Col.  James  D.  Graham  /’  both  of  which  were  re¬ 
ferred  to  Mr.  Cassin,  Dr.  Ruschenberger  and  Dr.  Hallo  well. 

The  following  communication  was  read  from  Dr.  D.  D.  Owen,  dated 
New  Harmony,  Ind.,  August  1,  1852  : 

s(  After  submitting  my  paper  read  before  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences, 
and  printed  in  the  Journal,  2d  series,  vol.  2,  pi.  2,  Jan.  1853,  on  a  supposed 
new  earth,  or  a  modification  of  a  new  one,  1  supplied  Dr.  Genth  with  a  portion  of 
the  mineral,  with  a  request  that  he  would  examine  it,  and  let  me  know  the 
result. 

Dr.  Genth  had  no  time  during  my  stay  in  Philadelphia  to  enter  fully  into  the 
investigation,  but  since  my  return  to  the  wTest  he  addressed  a  letter  to  me  on  the 
subject,  which  reached  this  place  during  my  absence  from  home,  which  I  left  on 
the  15th  of  June  last,  and  did  not  return  until  lately,  when  the  letter  was  re¬ 
ceived. 

I  beg  leave  now  to  submit  the  result  of  his  conclusions  in  regard  to  it,  which 
are  very  likely  correct,  though  some  of  the  reactions  which  I  obtained  require 
further  investigation,  which  I  propose  to  undertake  when  the  work  I  am  now  en¬ 
gaged  on  shall  have  been  completed. 

Extract  of  a  letter  from  Dr.  Genth  to  Dr.  D.  D.  Owen  : 

“I  have  just  completed  the  experiments  with  your  thalia,and  have  come  to  the 
conclusion  that  it  is  nothing  but  magnesia.  Magnesia  shows  sometimes  such  a 
strange  behaviour  with  reagents,  that  one  is  inclined  to  think  it  a  new  earth.  I 
had  the  same  case  with  my  analysis  of  Kammerite  (Rhodophyllite.)  It  is  possi¬ 
ble  that  the  relations  which  exist  in  the  mineral  had  not  been  destroyed,  and  that 
you  have  a  solution  of  the  mineral,  for  instance,  a  solution  of  aluminate  of  mag¬ 
nesia.  I  separated  both  w.th  acet.  of  potash,  and  free  acet.  acid  and  carb.  of  baryta. 
The  only  strange  reaction  was,  that  it  fell  down  with  NH40,0  in  presence  of 
NH4C1,  but  I  find  it  now  in  all  the  magnesian  minerals  which  I  examine  in  a 
similar  manner. 

From  the  oxalate  of  your  thalia  I  prepared  the  pure  earth.  With  cobalt  solu¬ 
tion  before  the  blowpipe  gave  it  a  flesh-colored  mass.  Dissolved  readily  in  very 
dilute  acid,  and  gave  no  precipitate  with  ammonia,  in  presence  of  chloride- 
of  ammonium,  and  all  the  reactions  of  magnesia.  The  sulphate  gave  with* 
sulphate  of  ammonia  the  well  known  double  salt  in  oblique  rhombic  prisms.  The* 


380 


[August, 

pure  sulphate  with  seven  equivalents  of  water  crystallized  right  rhombic,  and 
had  the  form,  appearance,  taste,  and  gave  all  the  reactions  of  epsom  salt.  It 
gave  me  50.8  per  cent,  of  water,  and  35.5  per  cent,  of  sulphuric  acid,  which  also 
prove  that  I  had  sulphate  of  magnesia.  The  analysis  of  the  mineral  is,  accord¬ 
ing  to  J.  L.  Smith : 


H 

Si 

Al 

Fe 

Ca 

Mg 

K. 

J.  L.  Smith,  . 

.  20.66 

45.66 

4.87 

2  09 

3.07 

22.10 

0.15 - 98.45 

E.  Reakirt,  . 

.  19.96 

44.07 

4.72 

1.70* 

3.75  21.49 

not  det. 

K  Na 

P.  Keyser, 

44.66 

7.79 

26.60 

0.12  0.16 

According  to  these  analyses  the  mineral  is  Saponite. 

As  the  original  communication  appeared  in  your  Journal,  I  think  it  proper  to 
forward  the  above. ” 


Mr.  Girard  exhibited  colored  drawings  of  two  species  of  the  genus 
Salmo,  referring  one  to  S.  erythroy aster )  De  Kay,  and  the  other  he  con¬ 
siders  as  undescribed. 

“Its  large  scales  and  fusiform  body  would  undoubtedly  recall  to  mind  the 
salmon,  hut  on  a  more  close  examination  the  general  shape  and  outline 
are  far  more  elegant  than  in  the  salmon,  preserving  altogether  better  pro¬ 
portions  between  the  different  regions  of  the  body.  The  head  forms  about 
a  fourth  of  the  entire  length,  whilst  in  the  salmon  it  is  about  the  sixth  only. 
The  eyes  are  of  medium  size,  and  subcircular  in  shape,  their  diameter  being  con¬ 
tained  about  seven  times  in  the  length  of  the  head.  The  posterior  half  of  the 
max.llary  which  is  regularly  and  most  decidedly  curved  downwards,  gives  to 
the  shape  of  the  mouth  quite  a  peculiar  aspect.  The  anterior  margin  of  the  dor¬ 
sal  fin  is  equidistant  between  the  tip  of  the  snout  and  the  base  of  the  caudal.  The 
posterior  margin  of  the  latter  is  regularly  crescent-shaped.  The  adipose  is 
c-longated,  club-shaped,  and  situated  opposite  the  posterior  half  of  the  anal.  The 
ventrals  are  inserted  under  the  middle  of  the  dorsal,  somewhat  nearer  the  anal 
than  the  pectorals.  The  scales  are  remarkably  large,  contrasting  greatly  when 
compared  to  those  of  S.  erythrogaster ,  S.  fontinalis^  and  S.  namaynisk ,  or  amethys- 
tus .  There  are  about  a  hundred  and  fifteen  of  them  in  the  lateral  line. 

The  color  in  the  female  is  uniform  silvery  grey,  darker  on  the  back  and  head. 
Subquadrangular  or  subcircular  black  spots  are  observed  upon  the  sides  of  the 
head,  behind  the  eyes,  along  the  tack,  and  the  half  of  the  flanks,  also  on  the  dor¬ 
sal  and  caudal  fins,  to  nearly  their  edge.  In  the  male  these  same  colors  exi>t, 
but  spread  all  over  with  a  reddish  tint,  more  intense  on  the  flanks  and  beneath 
than  upon  the  head,  back,  and  dorsal  and  caudal  fins,  where  the  red  is  sometimes 
but  faintly  indicated.  The  name  of  Salmo  selaga  is  proposed  for  this  species, 
which  inhabits  the  southern  part  of  the  State  oi  Maine. 

Mr.  Girard,  referring  to  a  communication  made  to  the  Academy  some 
weeks  since  by  Prof.  Agassiz,  on  the  subject  of  Crawfishes,  remarked  : 

Previous  to  the  publication  of  his  “  Revision  of  the  North  American  Astaci,” 
&c.,he  was  wrell  acquainted  with  the  fact  that  the  genus  Astacvs  proper,  as  now' 
understood  by  Prof.  A.,  w'as  represented  in  North  America.  He  further  knew' 
that  this  fact  was  demonstrated  by  Prof.  J.  1).  Dana,  in  a  paper  published  pp. 
10 — 28,  of  vol.  vi.  (Jan.  1852),  of  the  Proceedings  of  the  Academy,  and  that  con¬ 
sequently  Prof.  Agassiz  had  no  claim  upon  that  discovery. 

As  to  the  circumstance  that  Cambarus  Gavibdii  may  be  referred  to  Astacus  on 
the  ground  of  having  eighteen  branchiae  instead  of  seventeen,  Mr.  G.  said  he  was 

•  The  sesquioxide  of  iron  and  alumina  contain  a  trace  of  Silica,  w'hich  was  not 
separated. 


1853.] 


381 


not  satisfied  that  this  fact  wa3  of  a  generic  value,  and  consequently  described  the 
species  as  a  Cambams  with  the  same  propriety  as  he  might  have  placed  it  in  the 
genus  Astacus. 


August  23d. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

A  letter  was  read  from  the  Librarian  of  the  Royal  Academy  of 
Sciences  of  Amsterdam,  dated  27th  July,  1853,  asking  for  certain 
volumes  and  numbers  of  the  Proceedings,  to  complete  their  series. 


August  30th. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

The  Committee  on  Dr.  Hoy’s  continuation  of  his  paper  on  the  Orni¬ 
thology  of  Wisconsin,  reported  in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Pro¬ 
ceedings. 

Notes  on  the  Ornithology jyf  Wisconsin. 

By  P.  R.  Hoy,  M.  D.,  of  Racine,  Wisconsin. 

[Continued  from  page  313.] 

CERTHIADJE,  (5  species.) 

*Certhia  Americana,  Bonap. 

Common  throughout  the  year. 

*  Sitta  Carolinensis,  Luiti. 

Common,  remains  during  the  winter. 

*  Sitta  Canadensis,  Linn. 

This  species  does  not  remain  with  us  during  winter.  A  few  nest  near  Racine, 
a  greater  number  in  the  pine  regions  in  the  northern  part  of  the  State. 

*  Parus  atricapillus,  Linn. 

Abundant,  remain  during  winter. 

Parus  Hudsonicus,  Lath. 

A  small  party  of  this  northern  species  visited  Racine  during  the  unusually  cold 
January  of  1852. 

AMPELIDiE,  (2  species.) 

Bombycilla  garrula,  Vieill. 

Arrives  in  large  parties  from  the  first  to  the  last  of  November,  and  leaves  by 
the  15t.i  April.  The  first  arrivals  are  all  young  birds,  destitute  of  the  yellow 
markings  on  the  wing,  and  with  less  of  the  wax-like  appendages.  These  young 
birds  generally  proceed  further  south  to  winter,  while  the  old  birds,  in  perfect 
plumage,  arrive  later,  and  seldom,  if  ever,  go  further.  I  never  have  seen  an 
individual  entirely  destitute  of  the  wax  ornaments.  The  only  perceptible  differ¬ 
ence  between  the  sexes  is  in  size,  the  females  being  slightly  the  larger.  In 
fifty  specimens  accurately  measured,  the  average  was  : 

Females, . 8  5-12— 141. 

Males, . 8  2-12—13!. 

They  are  unsuspicious,  permitting  a  near  approach.  Their  fare  consists  of  a 
variety  of  berries,  but  those  of  the  mountain  ash,  ( Pyrus  Americana ,)  appear  to 
be  preferred  to  all  others.  They  are  frequently  seen  to  eat  snow  as  a  substitute 
for  drink. 


382 


[August, 


*  Bombyctlla  Americana,  Swain, 

Common,  does  not  remain  during  winter. 

ALAUDIN^E,  (2  species.) 

*  Otocoris  alpestris,  Linn. 

Abundant  on  the  prairies.  A  few  remain  during  the  entire  winter. 

*  Otocoris  rufa,  Attd. 

Not  an  abundant  species  with  us;  becomes  more  numerous  as  you  go  west. 

FRINGILLID^E,  (33  species.) 

Plectrophanes  nivalis,  Linn. 

Abundant  from  November  to  April. 

Plectrophanes  Lapponica,  Linn. 

Met  with  in  great  abundance  on  the  prairies,  from  the  middle  of  October  to 
the  middle  of  May.  Before  they  leave  us  in  the  spring  they  are  in  full  song  and 
perfect  plumage.  They  sing  in  concert  like  blackbirds,  either  while  on  the  wing 
or  settled  on  fences. 

Plectrophanes  Smithii,  Aud. 

Occasionally  met  with  in  considerable  numbers  on  the  prairies. 

*  Zonotrichia  iliaca,  Bonap.  ^ 

Common  during  October  and  Ajml. 

*  Zonotrichia  melodia,  Wilson. 

Common. 

Zonotrichia  Pennsylvanica,  Lath. 

Abundant  during  spring  and  fall. 

*  Zonotrichia  leucophrys,  Gmel. 

Met  with  in  great  abundance  in  company  with  the  preceding.  A  few  nest  in 
the  vicinity. 

Zonotrichia  graminea,  Gmel. 

Occasionally  seen,  but  is  rare. 

•Zonotrichia  passerina,  Wilson. 

Not  uncommon  in  the  reedy  slews  on  the  .prairies. 

•Zonotrichia  pusilla,  Wilson. 

Not  an  abundant  species  with  us. 

*  Zonotrichia  socialis,  Wilson. 

Common,  arrive  1st  of  May. 

Zonotrichia  palltda,  Swains. 

Not  unfrequently  met  with  about  the  middle  of  May. 

Zonotrichia  Canadensis,  Lath. 

Very  numerous  autumn  and  spring,  but  few  remain  through  the  winter. 

•Zonotrichia  savana,  Bonap. 

Common  on  the  high  prairies. 

•Zonotrichia  Lincolnii,  Aud. 

Not  uncommon  spring  and  fall,  A  few  remain  during  summer,  and  undoubt¬ 
edly  nest  with  us. 

•Niphea  hyemalis,  Linn. 

Common  spring  and  autumn.  Do  not  remain  through  the  winter.  Nest  on 
Lake  Superior. 

•Ammodromus  paltjstris,  Wilson. 

Common. 


1853.] 


383 


Linaria  minor,  And. 

Abnndant  every  winter. 

Linaria  borealis,  Temm. 

The  only  time  I  ever  met  with  this  bird  was  in  December,  1850. 

*  Chrysomttris  tristis,  Linn . 

Common. 

*  Chrysomitris  pinus,  Wilson. 

Abundant. 

*  Chondestes  gramaca,  Say. 

Common.  Frequently  met  with  in  the  roads,  expanding  and  closing  their  fan¬ 
like  tails  at  every  hop.  One  of  the  most  agreeable  singing  birds.  Their  song 
is  a  singular  combination  of  the  Thrush,  Finch,  and  Tohe-Bunting. 

*Euspiza  Americana,  Gmel. 

Not  uncommon. 

*  Spiza  cyanea,  Wilson. 

Common. 

*  PlPILO  ERYTHROPHTHALMA,  Wilson. 

Abundant. 

•Carpodacus  purptjreos,  Gmel.  * 

Common  during  spring  and  fall.  A  few  nest  with  us,  many  more  on  the  shores 
of  Lake  Superior. 

Corythijs  enucleator,  Wilson. 

Numerous  during  severe  winters. 

*  Loxia  curvirostra,  Linn. 

Abundant  in  the  pine  forests.  Large  flocks  occasionally  visit  our  vicinity 
during  fall  and  winter,  feeding  on  the  seed  of  the  sunflower  ( Helianthus  annuas ) 

Loxia  leucoptera,  Gmel. 

Occasionally  visit  us — not  common. 

*  Pitylus  cardinalis,  Linn. 

A  few  stragglers  nest  with  us — rare. 

*  Cocobortts  LUDOviciANUs,  Wilson. 

Common.  Arrive  1st  of  May. 

Cocoborus  vespertintjs.  Cooper. 

Not  an  uncommon  bird.  During  winter  and  spring  they  frequent  the  maple 
woods,  feeding  on  the  seeds  of  the  sugar  maple  ( Acer  sacchariimn,)  in  quest  of 
which  they  spend  much  time  on  the  ground.  I  have  noticed  this  bird  as  late  as 
the  15th  of  May.  In  all  probability  they  nest  within  the  State.  Unsuspicious, 
easily  approached.  Their  song  lacks  the  melody  of  our  other  species  of  Gros¬ 
beaks. 

*  Pyranga  rubra,  Wilson. 

Common. 

STURXIDiE,  (9  species.) 

*  Sturnella  Ludovtciana,  Linn. 

Common,  but  does  not  remain  during  winter. 

•Yphantes  Baltimore,  Linn. 

Abundant. 

*  Yphantes  spurius,  Gmel. 

Common. 


384 


[August, 


•Dolichonyx  oryzivora,  Linn. 

Abundant. 

Molothrus  pecoris,  Wilson. 

Common.  I  found  the  egg  of  this  bird,  in  one  instance,  in  the  nest  of  the 
Red-winged  Blackbird. 

*  Agelaius  xanthocephalus,  Bonap. 

A  few  nest  within  fifteen  miles  of  Racine,  in  an  extensive  marsh.  Seldom 
visit  the  lake  shore. 

*  Agelaius  ph(eniceus,  Linn. 

Abundant  every  where. 

*  Scolecophagus  fekrugineus,  Lath. 

Common  fall  and  spring.  Arrive  15th  of  March.  A  few  remain  during 
summer. 

•Quiscalus  versicolor,  Vieill. 

Common. 

CORVIDS,  (5  species.) 

*Cyanocorax  cristatus,  Linn. 

Common  through  the  year. 

Cyanocorax  Canadensis,  Linn. 

Occasionally  during  severe  winters  visit  the  vicinity  of  Racine. 

Pica  melanoleuca,  And. 

Occasionally  a  straggler  visits  us.  Two  were  shot  in  Caledonia,  ten  miles 
from  Racine,  December,  1848.  A  gentleman  of  this  city  obtained  one  at  Balier 
Harbor,  on  Lake  Michigan,  November  15,  1849. 

*  Corvus  Americanus,  Aud. 

A  singular  fact  in  relation  to  the  Crow  is,  that  it  never  takes  up  its  quarters 
within  fifteen  or  twenty  miles  of  Lake  Michigan,  within  this  State.  At  Racine 
it  may  be  considered  one  of  the  rarest  birds . 

*  Corvus  corax,  Linn. 

More  numerous  than  the  preceding.  Remain  through  the  winter. 

TROCHILIDiE  (1  species.) 

*  Trochilus  colubris,  Linn. 

Common. 


PICIDiE,  (1  species.) 

*  Picus  pileatus,  Linn. 

Common  in  heavy  timber  districts. 

Dendrocopus  Canadensis,  Gmel. 

Occasionally  met  with  during  winter — rare. 

•Dendrocopus  villosus,  Linn. 

Abundant  through  the  year. 

•  Dendrocopus  pubescens,  Linn. 

Common — remain  during  winter. 

•Dendrocopus  varius,  Linn. 

Common.  Leave  us  1st  of  November,  arrive  15th  April.  This  Woodpecker 
visits  the  orchards  during  September  and  October,  to  feed  upon  the  inner  bark 
of  the  peach  and  cherry,  girdling  the  stems  so  effectually  as  not  unfrequently  to 
kill  the  trees.  I  have  watched  them  while  thus  engaged  in  my  own  garden,  and 
and  have  carefully  examined,  under  a  microscope,  the  contents  of  the  stomachs 
of  numerous  specimens. 


1853.] 


385 


♦Melanerpes  erythrocephalus,  Linn. 

Common,  migratory. 

Apternus  Arcticus,  Swains. 

I  have  specimens  of  this  Woodpecker  shot  near  Racine  in  the  month  of  No¬ 
vember. 

*  Colaptes  auratus,  Linn. 

Common. 

•Centurus  Carolines,  Linn. 

Not  an  abundant  species  with  us.  They  remain  during  winter. 

CUCULID^E,  (2  species.) 

*  Coccyzus  Americanus,  Linn . 

Not  so  numerous  as  the  following. 

*  Coccyzus  erythrophthalmus,  Wilson. 

Abundant. 

PSITTACIDAE,  (1  species.) 

Conurus  Carolinensis,  Linn. 

Formerly  Paroquets  were  common  on  the  Mississippi,  within  this  State — lat¬ 
terly  they  are  seldom  met  with. 

COLUMBIDiE,  (2  species.) 

*  Ectopistes  migratoria,  Linn. 

Abundant. 

*  Ectopistes  Carolinensis,  Linn. 

Common.  Remain  during  winter. 

PAVONIDiE,  (1  species.) 

*  Meleagris  gallopavo,  Linn. 

Formerly  Turkeys  were  common  in  this  section,  but  now  none  are  to  be  found. 
The  last  noticed  near  Racine  was  in  November,  1846.  Abundant  in  the  south¬ 
western  counties. 

TETRAONIDiE,  (6  species.) 

*  Ortyx  Virginiana,  Linn. 

Within  a  few  years  this  Partridge  has  become  remarkably  numerous. 

*Bonasa  umbellus,  Linn. 

Common  in  all  the  timber  districts. 

*  Tetrao  Canadensis,  Linn. 

Common  on  the  head  waters  of  Wolf  River  and  vicinity  of  Lake  Superior. 

*  Tetrao  Cupido,  Linn. 

Greatly  abundant.  Two  sportsmen,  with  one  dog,  generally  bag  from  fifty  to 
eighty  in  a  day.  We  challenge  the  world  for  finer  sporting  grounds  than  the 
prairies  of  Wisconsin  furnish  during  August,  September,  and  October. 

*  Tetrao  phasianellis,  Linn. 

Formerly  quite  common  near  Racine — now  seldom  met  with.  Abundant  in 
all  the  northwestern  counties. 

*  Lagopus  Saliceti,  Swains. 

In  December,  1846,  tw'o  specimens  were  caught  in  a  trap  ten  miles  from  Ra¬ 
cine.  W est,  in  the  tangle  or  evergreen  swramps  of  the  northwestern  parts  of  the 
State.  Not  numerous. 


[To  be  continued.] 


386  [August, 

The  Committee  on  the  following  papers  by  Mr.  Girard,  reported  in 
favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings. 


Observations  upon  the  American  species  of  the  genus  Esox. 

By  Charles  Girard. 

The  genus  Esox  is  represented  in  North  America  by  quite  a  large  number 
of  species,  commonly  called  “  pikes  ”  or  u  pickerels,”  without  any  discrimi¬ 
nation.  The  same  species  of  Esox  may  be  called  here  “  pike,55  and  elsewhere 
ft  pickerel.” 

When  we  first  undertook  the  study  of  these  fish,  we  were  at  a  loss  to  know  to 
which  species  might  be  strictly  applied  either  of  these  vernacular  names.  We 
asked  fishermen,  some  of  them  very  intelligent,  what  the  difference  in  their 
mind  was,  when  calling  a  certain  Esox  a  pike,  and  another  a  pickerel  ?  They 
knew  of  no  difference,  but  that  when  a  pike  was  spoken  of  they  understood 
the  very  large  individuals,  whilst  the  small  ones  were  the  pickerels,  the  young 
of  the  preceding. 

In  examining  comparatively  Esox  estor  and  Esox  reticrilatus ,  of  Lesueur, 
amongst  other  differences,  it  will  be  perceived  that  in  one  ( E .  estor,)  the  cheeks 
and  opercular  apparatus  exhibit  a  perfectly  smooth  and  naked  skm,  whilst  in  the 
other  ( E .  reticulatus)  these  same  parts  are  scaly  all  over. 

In  tracing  the  character  throughout  the  range  of  the  species  we  find  naked 
cheeks  and  opercular  apparatus  in  the  maskallonge  (E.  vobilior,  Thomps.)  in 
the  pike  of  Lake  Superior,  ( E .  boreus ,  Ag.)  and  in  several  others  still  confounded 
with  Esox  estor  of  Lesueur.  On  the  other  hand,  Esox  americanus,  Lacep.  ( E.niger 
Lesu.)  E.fasciatus ,  Dekay.  E .  clathratus ,  Bd.,  MS.,  resemble  Esox  reticulatus 
in  having  the  cheeks  and  opercular  apparatus  covered  with  scales. 

Consequently  there  are  two  groups  of  species  in  the  genus  Esox,  based  upon  an 
organic  difference,  and  for  which  we  have  two  distinct  names.  The  maskallonge 
and  allied  species  we  ought  henceforth  to  call  Pikes ,  retaining  the  name  of  Pickerels 
for  Esox  reticulatus  and  allied  species. 

The  pikes,  when  full  grown,  are  the  largest  of  the  genus ;  amongst  pickerels, 
we  find  the  smallest  species.  Esox  reticulatus  is  the  largest  pickerel  known,  and 
it  is  as  large  as  any  of  the  specimens  of  Esox  boreus  which  we  have  seen. 
We  would  nevertheless  be  inclined  to  think  that  the  latter  reaches  a  much  larger 
size. 

The  organic  difference  which  we  have  pointed  out  between  the  pikes  and 
pickerels,  corresponds  to  a  curious  fact  in  their  geographical  distribution  in 
North  America  ;  the  Pikes  being  confined  to  the  great  lakes  and  western  waters 
generally,  whilst  the  Pickerels  occur  in  such  ponds  and  rivers  whose  waters 
empty  into  the  Atlantic. 

A  pike  has  been  introduced  into  the  Connecticut  river,  and  the  fact  that  it  has 
multiplied  there,  is  no  objection  to  this  general  law  of  their  distribution. 

A  Pickerel  is  said  to  occur  in  the  Ohio  river.  We  have  not  seen  any  specimen 
of  this  fish,  the  history  of  which  ought  to  be  carefully  investigated.  If  a  pickerel 
was  originally  an  inhabitant  of  that  body  of  water,  then  we  shall  have  one  ex¬ 
ception  to  the  general  rule. 

Lesueur  has  indicated  under  the  names  of  Esox  vermiculatus ,  E.  lineatus  and 
E.  depraudus,  three  species  of  the  genus  Esox  from  the  Wabash  river.  As  no 
specimens  are  preserved  any  where,  it  will  be  difficult  to  identify  them,  even 
upon  visiting  the  place  where  they  occur.  But  one  feature  can  be  easily  deter¬ 
mined,  that  is  whether  their  cheeks  and  opercular  apparatus  are  or  are  not 
covered  with  scales.  Any  traveller  will  be  prepared  to  make  this  observation. 

Lesueur’s  Esox  lugubrosus,  from  the  eastern  states,  and  Esox  phalerutus,  of 
Say,  from  Eastern  Florida,  are  likewise  undetermined  in  this  respect. 


Note  upon  a  nest  constructed  by  Catfishs 
By  Charles  Girard. 

A  few  days  since,  in  visiting  a  small  pond,  situated  above  Schuylkill  Falls  vil¬ 
lage,  an  innumerable  quantity  of  small  fish  were  seen  along  shore,  near 
the  surface  of  the  water.  On  approaching  them  they  all  suddenly  disappeared, 
and  the  water  being  muddy,  we  could  not  tell  where  they  went.  A  scoop  net 
brought  to  light  a  subspherical  mass,  composed  exclusively  of  green  confervae, 
and  which  after  examination  proved  to  be  a  regular  nest,  constructed,  as  we  sup¬ 
pose,  by  the  parent  fish,  whose  progeny  it  contained ;  for  in  it.  the  small  fishes 
seen  a  moment  before  near  the  surface  had  gone  to  seek  shelter.  In  all  proba¬ 
bility,  the  eggs  were  deposited  in  it,  and  when  hatched,  the  young,  instead  of 
dispersing  themselves,  remain  for  some  time  congregated,  under  the  care  of  the 
parent  who  provides  food  for  them. 

The  number  of  young  fish  gathered  around  the  nest,  was  at  least  from  three  to 
four  hundred,  and  of  different  sizes.  The  largest  were  about  li  inch  long,  and 
the  smallest  about  f  of  an  inch.  This  difference  in  size  seems  to  us,  as  indicating 
that  eggs  had  been  deposited  and  fecundated  at  different  periods  in  the  nest. 

They  all  had  the  abdomen  distended  like  full  grown  individuals  before  spawn¬ 
ing.  But  this  was  owing  to  the  stomach  gorged  with  food.  The  skin  of  the 
belly  was  so  tender  that  soon  after  death  it  was  entirely  decomposed,  the  intes¬ 
tine  and  stomach  then  appearing  outside  of  the  abdominal  cavity. 

The  structure  of  the  nest  was  very  simple,  confervae  in  strings  were  disposed 
circularly  all  around.  The  size  of  the  entire  structure  was  about  eight  inches 
in  its  longest,  and  six  inches  in  its  shortest  diameter.  There  was  at  least  one 
opening  to  get  in  and  out,  but  this  portion  of  the  nest  we  could  not  examine 
thoroughly  from  the  want  of  clear  water  ;  and  after  having  been  kept  for  some 
time  out  of  the  water,  it  was  entirely  deformed. 

The  nest  laid  at  the  bottom  of  the  pond,  one  foot  and  a  half  deep  in  that  place, 
and  protected  by  aquatic  plants  growing  along  shore.  The  water  here  is  never 
subjected  to  any  violent  motion,  and  thus  the  soft  materials  of  which  it  was  con¬ 
structed,  were  resistant  enough  for  that  particular  locality. 

We  should  think  that  under  other  circumstances,  as,  for  instance,  a  current  of 
water,  catfish  would  construct  their  nests  of  a  substance  more  capable  of  resisting 
a  chance  of  destruction. 

Further  observations  will  tell  us  more  about  this  interesting  subject,  and  it  is 
with  the  hope  that  some  one,  more  favorably  situated  than  we  are,  will  devote 
some  attention  to  it,  that  we  have  brought  before  the  Academy  the  very  little 
it  was  our  good  fortune  to  observe  on  this  occasion. 


The  Committee  on  the  following  papers  by  Prof.  Baird  and  Mr. 
Girard,  reported  in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings. 

Descriptions  of  New  Species  of  Fishes  collected  by  Mr.  John  H.  ClarZ-,  on  the 
TJ .  S.  and  Mexican  Boundary  Survey ,  under  Lt.  Col .  Jas.  _D.  Graham . 

By  Spencer  F.  Baird  and  Charles  Girard. 

Pileoma  carbonaria,  B.  and  G. — Body  elongated,  subfusiform,  compressed  ; 
peduncles  of  the  tail  slightly  detached  from  the  outline  of  the  body.  Head 
forming  about  the  fifth  of  the  entire  length.  First  dorsal  lower  than  the  second, 
composed  of  fifteen  rays;  second  dorsal  containing  thirteen  rays,  the  extremity 
of  the  posterior  ones  extending  farther  back  than  those  of  the  anal.  The  latter 
have  eleven  rays,  the  two  anterior  of  which  are  short  spines.  The  posterior 
margin  of  the  caudal  is  very  slightly  emarginate  and  composed  of  seventeen 
well  developed  rays  and  several  rudimentary  ones  above  and  below.  The  ven- 
trals  are  lanceolated  and  composed  of  one  spiny  ray  and  five  soft  ones;  their 
tip  extends  beyond  that  of  the  ventrals,  and  their  insertion  is  a  little  in  advance 
of  the  anterior  margin  of  the  first  dorsal.  Their  pectorals  are  broad  and  com¬ 
posed  of  thirteen  rays. 


388 


[August, 


D  XV.  13.  A  II.  9.  C  3.  I.  8.  7.  I.  2.  V  I.  5.  P  13. 

Ground  color  reddish  yellow  with  transverse  bars  of  black.  A  black  spot  at 
the  base  of  the  caudal;  latter  barred.  Base  of  dorsals,  anal  and  ventrals  black. 
Pectorals  unicolor. 

Rio  Salado,  Texas. 

2.  Boleosoma  lepida,  B.  and  G. — Body  compressed,  rather  thick  in  the 
middle  and  attenuated  towards  the  extremities.  The  head  is  continuous  with 
the  body,  and  forms  one-fourth  of  the  entire  length.  The  first  dorsal,  the  ven¬ 
trals  and  the  anal  are  quite  small  compared  with  the  pectorals  and  second  dorsal. 

D  IX.  11.  A  II.  6.  C  3.  I.  6.  5.  I.  2.  Y  I.  5.  P  14. 

Ground  color  reddish,  with  indistinct  transverse  blackish  bars  ;  base  of  the 
scales  black  ;  belly  and  fins  unicolor.  A  vertical  black  spot  beneath  the  eye. 

Upper  tributaries  of  the  Rio  Nueces,  Texas. 

3.  Pomotis  AQUiLENSis,  B .  and  G. — Resembles  P.  longulus  in  the  shape  of 
its  body  which,  however,  is  proportionally  less  elongated.  The  flap  of  its  oper¬ 
culum  is  much  more  developed,  and  directed  obliquely  downwards.  The 
mouth  is  smaller  ;  the  posterior  extremity  of  the  maxillary  not  extending 
beyond  the  vertical  line  of  the  anterior  rim  of  the  eye.  The  first  dorsal  is 
higher  than  the  second,  just  the  reverse  being  observable  in  P.  longulus.  The 
tips  of  the  ventrals  reach  the  anterior  margin  of  the  anal  fin.  The  caudal  is 
slightly  emarginate. 

D  X.  11.  A  III.  10.  C  3.  I.  8.  7.  I.  2.  V  I.  6.  P  12. 

There  are  twenty-four  rows  of  scales  on  the  deepest  portion  of  the  body. 

The  ground  color  as  preserved  in  alcohol,  is  uniform  reddish  brown.  The 
bases  of  ventrals,  anal  and  dorsal  exhibit  a  large  black  patch. 

Eagle  Pass,  Texas. 

4.  CatostOxUus  latipinnis,  B.  and  G. — General  shape  subfusiform;  head  pro¬ 
portionally  small,  contained  five  times  and  a  half  in  the  total  length.  Eyes 
small,  situated  near  the  upper  surface  of  the  head;  the  mouth  is  small,  the 
lips  large  and  fleshy.  All  the  fins  are  very  much  developed  and  constitute  a 
very  prominent  feature.  The  upper  margin  of  the  dorsal  is  slightly  concave  ; 
the  posterior  margin  of  the  caudal,  crescent  shaped;  the  anal,  ventrals  and 
pectorals  are  posteriorly  rounded  or  subconical. 

D  I.  14.  A  II.  8.  C  5.  I.  8.  8.  I.  6.  Y  10.  P  18. 

The  scales  are  of  medium  size,  considerably  smaller  on  the  back  than  on  the 
sides  and  belly.  The  lateral  line  runs  through  the  middle  of  the  sides  from 
head  to  tail. 

The  upper  part  of  the  body  is  reddish  brown  ;  the  upper  part  of  tail  and 
sides,  greenish  brown:  the  belly,  yellowish  orange;  the  caudal  is  olive;  the 
anal,  ventrals,  and  pectorals,  show  traces  of  deep  orange,  especially  on  their 
outer  margin. 

Rio  San  Pedro,  of  the  Rio  Gila. 

5.  Gila  Emoryi,  B.  and  G. — Body  elongated,  compressed.  Head  continuous 
with  the  body,  gradually  tapering  from  the  nape  to  the  snout.  Head  forming 
the  fifth  of  the  entire  length.  Mouth  almost  terminal,  though  inferior;  the  up¬ 
per  jaw  overlappping  the  lower  one  of  the  thickness  of  the  lip.  Eyes  circular, 
of  medium  size.  Anterior  margin  of  the  dorsal  a  little  nearer  to  the  snout  than 
to  the  base  of  the  caudal  ;  anterior  margin  of  the  anal  nearly  opposite  to  the 
posterior  margin  of  the  dorsal.  The  caudal  fin  is  deeply  forked  and  slender. 
The  insertion  of  the  ventrals  is  in  advance  of  the  dorsal,  but  does  not  extend  to 
the  anterior  margin  of  the  anal.  The  pectorals  are  lanceolated,  and  do  not 
reach  with  their  extremity  to  the  insertion  of  ventrals. 

D  III.  9.  A  II.  10.  C  8.  I.  9.  9.  I.  7.  V  9.  P  14. 

The  lateral  line  makes  a  slight  curve  on  the  sides,  being  a  little  nearer  to  the 
belly  than  to  the  back. 

Collected  by  Dr.  John  L.  Leconte,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Gila. 


I 


1853.]  389 

6.  Gila  Grahamii,  B.  and  G. — Body  subfusiform,  compressed.  Head  forming  a 
little  less  than  the  fourth  of  the  entire  length.  General  disposition  of  the  fins 
as  in  the  preceding  species,  they  differ  in  their  structure  as  follow. 

D  II.  10.  A  II.  10.  C  10.  I.  9.  8.  I.  10.  VI.  10.  P  17. 

The  disposition  of  the  scales  presents  likewise  differences  which  will  be  better 
understood  by  figures. 

Head  above  and  back,  reddish  brown  ;  upper  half  of  sides  greyish  brown ; 
inferior  half  of  sides,  greyish  yellow.  Abdomen,  dull  yellow,  the  whole  with  a 
metallic  reflection.  Fins  unicolor,  of  the  hue  of  the  region  to  which  they  be¬ 
long. 

Rio  San  Pedro,  of  the  Gila. 

7.  Fundulus  grandis,  B.  and  G. — Body  stout  and  very  much  compressed, 
five  inches  lohg ;  the  head  forming  the  fourth  of  that  length.  Back  bluish 
black,  sides  greyish,  with  yellow  spots.  Beneath  dull  yellow.  Dorsal  and 
caudal  deep  bluish  black,  margined  with  yellow  ;  other  fins  yellow  ;  the  base 
of  anal  spotted.  Body  and  fins  of  the  female  unicolor. 

Formula  of  fins  :  D  11.  A  12.  C  2.  I.  9.  9.  I.  2.V7.P  18. 

Brackish  waters  in  the  vicinity  of  Indianola,  Texas. 

8.  Fundulus  tenellus,  B.  and  G. — Body  regularly  fusiform,  compressed,  the 
head  forming  two-ninths  of  the  entire  length.  Eyes  large.  The  back  greyish 
yellow,  with  small  black  dots  irregularly  dispersed.  A  black  vitta  extends 
from  the  snout,  across  the  eye,  down  through  the  sides,  to  the  base  of  the  caudal 
fin.  Beneath  light  yellow.  Dorsal,  anal  and  caudal  greyish  with  minute  black 
dots  ;  ventrals  and  pectorals  yellow,  without  dots.  Anterior  margin  of  anal  in 
advance  of  the  dorsal.  Tip  of  ventrals  almost  reaching  the  anal. 

D  8.  A  10.  C  2.  I.  8.  7.  I.  1.V6.P  12. 

Prairie  Mer  Rouge,  La.  (James  Fairie,  Esq.,)  and  Russellville,  Ky. 

9.  Hydrargyra  similis,  B.  and  G. — Back,  bluish  grey;  sides  and  abdomen, 
yellowish.  Transverse  narrow  black  bands  in  both  sexes.  Fins  yellow,  uni¬ 
color  in  the  female,  dorsal,  caudal  and  anal  bluish  grey.  In  the  male  the  pos¬ 
terior  margin  of  the  dorsal  being  provided  with  one  blaek  spot  arid  two  yellow 
ones,  one  above,  the  other  below  the  black.  The  caudal  fin  is  posteriorly  trun¬ 
cated. 

D  II.  A  8.  C  3. 1.  8.  7.  I.  2.  V  5.  P  18. 

Brackish  waters  in  the  vicinity  of  Indianola. 

10.  Cyprinodon  elegans,  B.  and  G. — The  general  form  varies  according  to 
the  sexes  ;  the  back  in  the  male  is  very  much  arched,  the  body  consequently  is 
deeper  than  in  the  female.  The  largest  individuals  are  two  inches  and  three- 
eighths  in  total  length.  The  head  forms  two-sevenths  of  the  length.  Back  deep 
bluish  black  ;  sides  variegated  with  bluish  black  and  greenish  yellow.  The 
posterior  edge  of  the  caudal  is  margined  with  black  in  the  male.  A  black 
spot,  more  conspicuous  in  the  female,  is  observed  on  the  posterior  margin  of  the 
dorsal. 

D  11.  A  10.  C  3.  I.  8.  8.  I.  2.  V  6.  P  14. 

Rio  Grande  del  Norte. 

11.  Cyprinodon  macularuts,  B.  and  G. — Body  elliptical ly  elongated,  an  inch 
and  six-eighths  long;  head  short  and  rounded  forming  one  fourth  of  the  entire 
length.  Above  reddish  brown,  yellowish  beneath,  maculated  with  black  ;  spots 
on  the  sides  with  an  irregular  tendency  to  arrange  in  vertical  bands.  Dorsal 
blackish;  other  fins  dull  yellow,  with  a  greyish  base. 

1)  8.  A  10.  C  3.  I.  7.  6.  I.  2.  V  7.  P  12. 

From  the  Rio  Gila. 

12.  Cyprinodon  bovinus,  B.  and  G. — Has  a  general  resemblance  in  shape  to 
C.  elegans;  the  head,  however,  is  more  truncated.  The  color  in  the  male  is 
uniform  blackish  brown  above;  yellowish  green  beneath.  The  fins  are  unicolor 
except  the  caudal  which  has  a  blackish  margin.  The  coloration  of  the  female 
differs  from  that  of  the  male  in  having  the  lower  portion  of  the  flanks  irregularly 


890  [August, 

maculated ;  the  fins  are  unicolor  except  the  dorsal  which  has  a  black  spot  at 
its  posterior  margin. 

D9.A8.C6.  I.  7.  6.  I.  5.  V  6.  P  14. 

Leon’s  Springs,  Rio  Grande  del  Norte. 

13.  Cyprinodon  gibbosus,  B.  and  G. — The  back  forms  a  very  prominent  arch 
in  the  individuals  of  both  sexes.  The  nape  is  often  depressed  and  subconcave. 
The  head  is  proportionally  small,  and  the  eyes  large.  The  back,  upper  part  of 
sides,  head,  and  dorsal  fins,  are  uniformly  bluish  black  in  the  male  ;  beneath 
golden  yellow,  and  the  caudal  margined  with  black  ;  the  anal,  ventrals  and  pec¬ 
torals,  yellow.  The  female  exhibits  vertical  bars  of  black  on  the  sides  from 
the  head  to  the  caudal  fin  which  is  unicolor  like  the  anal,  ventrals  and  pectorals. 
The  dorsal  is  provided  posteriorly  with  a  black  spot. 

D  10.  A  11.  C  4.  I.  8.  7.  I.  3.  V  5.  P  15. 

Brackish  waters  of  Indianola. 

14.  Heterandria  affinis,  B.  and  G. — Body  elongated,  subfusiform  and  com¬ 
pressed.  Head  forming  about  one-fifth  of  the  entire  length.  Body  yellowish 
brown  above,  orange  beneath.  Fins  unicolor,  except  the  caudal  which  has  two 
narrow  bands  of  black. 

D  6.  A  8.  C  3.  I.  7.  6.  I.  2.  V  5.  P  12. 

Rio  Medina  and  Rio  Salado. 

15.  Heterandria  nobilis,  B.  and  G. — General  form  much  stouter  than  in  the 
preceding  species  ;  back  arched.  Head  forming  the  fourth  of  the  entire  length. 
Ground  color  reddish ;  margin  of  scales  black. 

D  8.  A  7.  C  4.  I.  7.  7.  1.  3.  V  6.  P  10. 

From  Leona  and  Camanche  springs,  valley  of  the  Rio  Grande  del  Norte. 

16.  Heterandria  patrueeis,  B.  and  G. — Body  rather  elongated,  compressed. 
Head  stouter  than  in  H.  affinis ,  though  forming  the  fifth  of  the  entire  length. 
Reddish  brown  above,  yellowish  beneath. 

D  5.  A  8  C  3.  I.  7.  6.  I.  2.  V  6.  P  11. 

Inhabits  the  Hydrographic  basin  of  the  Rio  Nueces  ;  specimens  were  collected 
in  the  Rio  Sabinal,  Rio  Leona  and  Rio  Nueces,  and  Elm  creek. 

17.  Heterandria  occidentalis,  B.  and  G. — Body,  slender  5  back  slightly 
arched  ;  head  small  and  conical,  forming  the  fifth  of  the  entire  length.  Reddish 
brown  above  ;  reddish  yellow  beneath.  Fins  unicolor,  of  a  light  yellowish 
white.  The  ventral  line  is  marked  by  a  black  stripe.  A  black  and  heavier 
line  may  be  observed  under  the  tail,  between  the  posterior  margin  of  the  anal 
fin  and  the  base  of  the  caudal. 

1)  6.  A  7.  C  4.  I.  7.  6.  I.  3.  V  6.  P  10. 

Collected  in  the  Rio  Santa  Crux  of  the  Rio  Gila. 


Description  of  Next)  Species  of  Fishes ,  collected  by  Captains  JR%  B.  Marcy,  and 
Geo.  B.  M’Clellan,  in  Arkansas . 

By  Spencer  F.  Baird,  and  Charles  Girard. 

1.  Pomotis  breviceps,  B.  and  G. — Body  subelliptical,  rather  short;  head  very 
short,  fore  part  convex  and  elevated;  peduncle  of  tail  of  medium  size.  The 
greatest  depth  is  more  than  half  of  the  length,  the  caudal  fin  excluded.  The 
origin  of  the  dorsal  fin  is  in  advance  of  the  opercular  flap,  and  is  composed  of 
eleven  spiny  rays  and  ten  soft  ones.  The  origin  of  the  anal  is  under  the  first 
soft  ray  of  the  dorsal,  and  contains  nine  soft  and  three  spiny  rays.  The  pos¬ 
terior  extremities  of  these  two  fins  extend  a  little  beyond  the  middle  of  the  pe¬ 
duncle  of  the  tail.  The  caudal  is  slightly  emarginated  posteriorly,  and  its 
angles  rounded  ;  it  is  composed  of  seventeen  fully  developed  rays  and  a  few  ru¬ 
dimentary  ones.  The  ventrals  inserted  behind  the  base  of  pectorals,  extend  by 
their  tips  to  the  anus.  The  pectorals,  composed  of  thirteen  rays,  do  not  reach 
tjuite  so  far. 

D  XI.  10.  A  III.  9.  C  2.  I.  8.  7.  I.  2.  V  T  5.  P  13. 


1853.] 


391 


The  scales  are  large,  higher  than  long,  and  disposed  in  twenty  rows  on  the 
line  of  the  greatest  depth,  and  about  eight  rows  on  the  peduncle  of  the  tail. 
The  lateral  line  is  very  conspicuous,  from  head  to  tail,  and  very  much  arched 
on  the  body. 

The  opercular  flap  is  very  large,  broad  and  posteriorly  rounded,  and  margined 
with  whitish.  Irregular  light  lines  are  observed  on  the  cheeks  and  opercular 
apparatus.  The  color  of  the  body  appears  to  have  been  uniform  reddish  brown. 

Otter  Creek,  Arkansas. 

2.  Pomotis  eongulus,  B.  and  G. — Body  rather  elongated,  subfusiform ;  the 
head  conical  and  continuous  with  the  body,  save  a  little  depression  on  the  snout. 
The  elongated  appearance  of  this  species  is  owing  to  the  head  and  peduncle  of 
the  tail  being  longer  than  usual  in  this  genus.  The  posterior  tip  of  both  dorsal 
and  anal  fins  do  not  reach  the  ba?e  of  the  caudal.  The  origin  of  the  dorsal  is 
immediately  above  the  membranous  flap  of  the  operculum ;  it  is  composed  of 
ten  spiny,  or  nine  or  ten  soft  rays.  The  anal  is  situated  very  far  back,  its  an¬ 
terior  margin  begins  opposite  to  the  fourth  soft  rays  of  the  dorsal ;  it  has  eight 
soft  rays  and  three  spiny  ones.  rJ  he  caudal  is  slightly  emarginate  posteriorly, 
and  its  angles  rounded.  It  is  composed  of  seventeen  fully  developed  rays  and  a 
few  rudimentary  ones.  The  ventrals  are  placed  under  the  pectorals;  their  tips 
when  bent  backwards  do  not  reach  the  anus.  The  pectorals  are  subelliptical, 
and  extend  as  far  back  posteriorly  as  the  ventrals. 

D  X.  9  or  10.  A  III.  8.  C  2.  I.  8.  7  I.  1.  V  I  5.  P  13. 

The  scales  are  of  medium  size,  longer  than  high.  Twenty  seven  rows  may 
be  counted  across  the  line  of  greatest  depth  of  the  body,  and  about  thirteen  rows 
on  the  tail.  The  lateral  line  is  regularly  arched  on  the  body,  and  almost 
straight  on  the  tail. 

Color  uniformly  dark  brown,  probably  considerably  altered  by  the  alcohol. 
The  membranous  opercular  flap  is  comparatively  small  and  entirely  black.  Ir¬ 
regular  lighter  lines  are  observed  on  the  cheeks  and  opercular  apparatus. 

Otter  Creek,  Arkansas. 

3  Leuciscus  lutrensis,  B.  and  G. — Body  elongated,  fusiform,  compressed, 
largest  specimen  examined,  two  inches  and  three-eights  ;  head  forming  a  little 
less  than  the  fourth  of  the  entire  length.  Eyes  proportionally  large.  Anterior 
margin  of  the  dorsal  fin  at  an  equal  distance  from  the  snout  and  base  of  caudal. 
Caudal  forked.  Anal  fin  entirely  behind  the  dorsal.  Insertion  of  ventrals  in 
advance  of  the  dorsal ;  their  tip  not  reaching  the  anterior  margin  of  the  anal. 
Tip  of  pectorals  almost  contiguous  to  the  base  of  the  ventrals.  Scales  large. 
Lateral  line  forming  a  very  open  curve  convex  towards  the  abdomen,  and  nearer 
to  it  than  to  the  back. 

D  I  8.  A  I  9.  C  2.  I.  9.  8.  I  1.  V  8.  P  11 . 

Ground  color  bluish  brown;  back  blue;  dorsal  fin  yellowish  brown;  caudal, 
pectorals  and  ventrals,  reddish. 

Specimens  of  this  species  were  caught  in  the  Otter  Creek,  Arkansas. 

4.  Leuciscus  bubalinus,  B.  and  G. —  Body  very  much  compressed,  back  con¬ 
siderably  arched,  and  peduncle  of  tail  quite  narrow.  Head  two-ninths  of  the  total 
length,  which  is  two  inches  and  one-eighth.  The  dorsal  and  anal  fins  are  very 
much  developed,  while  the  pectorals  and  ventrals  are  comparatively  small.  The 
caudal  is  forked.  The  base  of  ventrals  is  under  or  a  little  behind  the  an¬ 
terior  margin  of  the  dorsal,  and  their  tip?  reach  the  anterior  margin  of  the  anal. 
The  tips  of  pectorals  are  contiguous  to  the  base  of  ventrals. 

D  8.  A  I  9.  C  4.  I.  9.  9.  I.  3.  V  8.  P  11. 

The  scales  are  large  and  the  lateral  line  forms  a  very  open  curve  convex 
towards  the  abdomen  and  nearer  to  it  than  to  the  back.  Differ  from  the  pre¬ 
ceding  by  the  structure  and  position  of  the  fins  and  scales. 

Caught  with  the  preceding  in  Otter  Creek,  Arkansas. 

5.  Ceraticthys  vigilax,  B.  and  G. — Body  fusiform,  compressed  ;  specimens 
before  us  two  inches  long,  probably  immature.  The  head  forms  the  fifth  of  the 

56 


392 


[August, 

length.  The  eyes  are  rather  small.  The  dorsal  fin  is  longer  than  high;  its 
anterior  margin  situated  almost  at  the  same  distance  from  the  snout  and  the  base 
of  the  caudal  fin.  Caudal  fin  forked.  Anal  back  of  the  dorsal.  Base  of  ven- 
trals  behind  the  anterior  margin  of  the  dorsal;  tip  not  reaching  the  anal  fin. 
Pectorals  not  reaching  the  base  of  ventrals.  The  pectorals,  ventrals  and  anal 
are  proportionally  small  compared  to  the  dorsal. 

D  9.  A  8.  C  3.  I  8.  8.  I  3.  V  8.  P  14. 

Scales  large;  lateral  line  running  through  the  middle  of  the  sides,  slightly 
bent  downwards  on  the  abdomen. 

Back  brownish  yellow ;  a  greenish  grey  stripe  down  each  side  covering  the 
lateral  line. 

Caught  in  Otter  creek,  Arkansas. 


On  leave  granted,  Dr.  Leidy  made  the  following  communication  : 

Dr.  John  Evans,  who  is  now  engaged  under  the  United  States  government  to 
survey  part  of  Oregon,  recently  sent  to  the  Academy  for  examination,  ten  boxes, 
containing  alarge  quantity  of  mammalian  and  chelonian  fossils, from  the  Mauvaises 
Terres  of  Nebraska.  In  this  large  collection,  it  is  worthy  of  remark,  there  is 
not  to  be  found  a  single  fragment  of  a  bird  or  a  fish  bone.  JMost  of  the  animals 
indicated  by  the  remains,  have  already  been  described  in  Dr.  D.  D.  Owen’s 
Geological  Report,  and  in  the  “  Ancient  Fauna  of  Nebraska”  of  the  author.  The 
collection  contains  several  new  genera  and  species  of  mammalia,  besides  frag¬ 
ments  of  important  parts  not  before  obtained  of  those  species  described. 

A  very  large  proportion  of  the  collection  consists  of  remains  of  Oreodon ,  of 
which  there  are  fragments  of  about  two  hundred  individuals.  The  species  O. 
Culbertftonii  predominates,  and  then  follows  O.  gracilis  ;  while  of  O.  major 
there  are  very  few  fragments.  This  enormous  quantity  of  remains  of  Oreodon , 
would  indicate  that  the  animal  was  gregarious,  and  existed  in  immense  herds  like 
the  recent  Peccary  or  Bison. 

Only  a  few  small  fragments  of  Poebrotherium  Wilsonii  and  Agriochoerus 
antiquus  are  contained  in  the  collection. 

Of  the  two  species  of  Rhinoceros ,  R.  occidental  is  and  R.  Nebrascensis ,  there 
are  remains  of  numerous  individuals. 

Of  Entelodon  Mortoni  the  collection  contains  portions  of  several  crania. 

Of  Anchitherium  Bairdii  there  are  four  crania  and  numerous  small  fragments 
of  others. 

Of  the  huge  Titan otherium  Prontii  there  are  numerous  small  fragments  of 
bones  and  teeth ;  and  also  several  entire  superior  molars,  w  hich  have  served 
to  remove  some  of  the  obscurity  in  regard  to  the  characters  of  the  animal.  From 
the  last  mentioned  specimens  it  appears  that  those,  which  have  been  described 
as  probably  indicating  a  new  species  of  Palceotherinm ,  under  the  name  P.  gigan- 
teum ,  (Ancient  Fauna  of  Nebraska,  pi.  XVII,  figs.  11-13,)  belong  to  Titan  othe¬ 
rium  Proutii,  while  several  superior  molars  (lb.  figs.  1-7),  attributed  to  the  latter, 
belong  to  a  new  genifs  associating  characters  of  Rhinoceros  and  Palceotherinm. 
For  this  genus  and  species,  represented  by  figures  1-7,  plate  XVII,  in  the  Ancient 
Fauna  of  Nebraska.  I  propose  the  name  of  Eotherium  American liu. 

Of  Machairodus  primaevus  there  are  preserved  several  crania  and  some  qther 
bones. 

Of  the  new  mammalia  above  referred  to,  there  are  four  carnivora  and  one  rumi¬ 
nant.  The  carnivora  consist  of  three  species  of  Hycenodon  and  a  new  genus. 
The  ruminant  is  a  new  genus  closely  allied  to  the  recent  Moschus.  These 
interesting  animals  I  propose  to  name  as  follows  : 

1.  Hyasnodon  horridus,  Leidy . — This  is  the  largest  of  the  three  species  above 
referred  to.  It  is  founded  upon  a  much  fractured  skull  and  lower  jaw  ;  but  on 
both  sides  of  the  specimen  the  teeth  are  preserved  nearly  perfect.  The  formula 
of  the  dentition  is  as  follows: 

3  17 

in.  —  c.  —  mol.  — 

3  1  7 


1853.] 


393 


This  is  the  largest  species  of  Hyanodon  which  has  yet  been  discovered,  the 
skull  measuring  one  foot  in  length,  whilst  the  length  of  the  anterior  cusp  of  the 
last  upper  molar  or  carnassial  tooth  is  one  inch  in  length:  and  the  inferior  car- 
nassial  tooth  measures  fifteen  lines  antero-posteriorly.  The  series  of  lower  molars 
closely  resemble  those  represented  in  the  upper  left  figure  of  plate  XVII  of 
Blainville’s  “  Subursi  antiqui”  (Ost.  Gen.)  and  the  superior  carnassial  tooth  is 
like  that  represented  in  figures  3 — 3b.  pi.  XI.  of  Gervais’  Zoologie  Frangaise. 


Measurements. 

Length  from  occipital  condyle  to  incisive  teeth 
Breadth  of  face  at  superior  carnassial  teeth 
“  “  “  canines 

“  forehead  at  supra  orbital  processes 

Depth  of  lower  jaw  at  inferior  carnassial  tooth 
Length  of  crown  of  upper  canine  anteriorly 

a  a  lower  “  “ 

“  series  of  upper  molars 

(t  tt  lower  “ 

2.  Hy.enodon  cruentus,  Leidy. — The  second  species  is  about  the  size  of  the 
Hycenodon  /eptorhy  fichus ,  Laizer  and  Parieu.*  It  is  founded  upon  a  portion  of 
the  left  side  of  a  lower  jaw,  containing  the  root  of  the  canine,  and  the  third  and 
fourth  molars  and  the  carnassial  tooth. 


12  in. 
4  “ 
2  « 

4  “ 


3  lines. 
3  “ 

8  “ 

1  “ 

3  “ 

2  “ 

9  “ 


Measurements. 

Length  of  the  lower  molar  series  4  in.  6  1. 

Antero-posterior  diameter  of  inferior  carnassial  tooth  10£  1. 

3.  IIy.enodon  crucians,  Leidy. — The  head  of  this  species  was  almost  the 
size  of  that  of  the  Prairie  Wolf.  The  specimen  upon  which  the  species  is  founded 
consists  of  the  greater  portion  of  a  scull,  containing  on  one  side  the  posterior  five 
molar',  and  on  the  other  the  anterior  three  molars,  and  of  a  lower  jaw  containing 
all  the  molars  on  both  sides  except  one. 


Measurements. 


Length  of  head  from  post  glenoid  tubercle  to  anterior  part 
of  the  upper  canine 

Length  of  series  of  upper  molars 

5  in. 

3  “ 

2  lines. 

Length  of  anterior  cusp  of  superior  carnassial  tooth 
Antero-posterior  diameter  of  inferior  carnassial  tooth 

5i  “ 

6a  “ 

Djpth  of  lower  jaw  below  the  <£  ((  •« 

Length  of  crown  of  an  upper  canine  anteriorly 

1  “ 

11  « 

1.  Daphoenus  vetus,  Leidy. — This  new  genus  and  species  is  proposed  upon 
a  specimen  of  a  cranium  without  the  face,  a  fragment  of  a  left  upper  maxilla  con¬ 
taining  the  posterior  three  molars,  the  posterior  portion  of  the  left  side  of  the 
lower  jaw  containing  the  last  two  molars,  and  a  lower  ante-penultimate  molar  of 
the  right  side. 

The  cranium  is  elongated  and  narrow  and  possesses  very  much  the  form  of  that 
of  the  recent  Paradoxums.  The  glenoid  articulation  is  transversely  concave 
as  in  the  weasels,  etc.  The  auditory  bullae  are  comparatively  small.  Of  the 
superior  posterior  three  molars,  the  last  is  the  smallest,  and  has  a  simple  oval 
crown ;  the  penultimate  is  second  in  size  and  resembles  that  of  the  wolf,  but  is 
broader  in  relation  to  its  antero-posterior  diameter ;  and  the  ante-penultimate  is 
the  largest,  and  also  resembles  that  of  the  wolf,  but  is  more  trilateral,  relatively 
broader  compared  with  its  antero-posterior  diameter,  and  has  less  elevated 
tubercles. 

Of  the  inferior  posterior  three  molars,  the  last  is  smallest  and  very  like  that 
of  the  wolf ;  the  penultimate  is  next  in  size,  and  has  an  oval  crown  as  in  the  wolf, 
but  has  much  less  elevated  tubercles;  and  the  ante-penultimate,  which  is  the 
largest,  in  relation  to  the  size  of  the  animal,  is  much  smaller  than  in  the  wolf, 
but  it  has  the  same  general  form  ;  presenting  a  broad  heel  behind,  wTorn  off  flat 
in  the  specimen,  and  three  lobes  anteriorly,  having  the  same  relation  to  one  an- 


*  An.  des  Sc.  Nat.,  2  ser.  xi,  1839. 


394 


[August, 


3  in. 

1  “ 

1  “ 


5  lines. 
11  “ 
10  « 

2*  -£ 

4  « 

7  ££ 

2|  “ 
5*  “ 

7i-  ££ 


other,  as  in  the  wolf,  but  more  nearly  equal  in  size  and  forming  together  more 
of  a  triangle. 

Measurements . 

Length  of  cranium  from  occipital  condyle  to  the  narrowest 
portion  of  the  former,  which  is  just  in  advance  of  the 
bifurcation  of  the  sagittal  crest 
Breadth  of  cranium  at  most  prominent  part 
££  ££  where  narrowest 

Depth  of  lower  jaw  below  last  molar 
Antero- posterior  diameter  of  last  lower  molar 

££  ££  penultimate  lower  molar 

££  ££  ante-penultimate  <£ 

Transverse  diameter  of  last  upper  molar 
££  ££  penultimate  ££ 

££  ££  ante-penultimate  molar 

1.  Leptomeryx  Evansi,  Leidy. — This  is  established  upon  a  craninm  which 
has  lost  the  nose,  and  is  broken  at  the  parietal  region.  The  specimen  contains 
upon  one  side  all  the  molars,  six  in  number,  and  upon  the  other  side  the  posterior 
four  molars  ;  and  it  is  accompanied  by  a  portion  of  the  lower  jaw  containing  the 
true  molars  and  the  last  premolar. 

The  genus  is  closely  allied  to  the  existing  Moschus,  and  the  species  was  about 
the  size  of  the  M.  Javaniciis.  The  six  superior  molars  form  a  closed 
row,  in  advance  of  which  a  hiatus  exists.  The  true  molars  are  composed 
of  four  lobes  resembling  those  of  recent  musks,  but  they  possess  a  peculiar 
generic  distinction,  which  is  a  tubercle  rising  out  of  the  base  antero-inter- 
nally  of  the  postero-internal  lobe,  about  one-third  the  size  of  the  lobes  themselves, 
and  appearing  as  if  it  was  a  rudimentary  fifth  lobe.  The  third  premolar  consists 
of  two  lobes  as  in  the  musks,  and  the  anterior  two  premolars  in  section  are  tri¬ 
lateral  and  consist  of  a  broad  external  and  a  narrow  internal  lobe. 

The  lower  true  molars  are  like  those  of  the  musks,  but  in  the  last  of  the  series 
the  ordinary  fifth  lobe  of  ruminants  is  notched  so  that  there  are  actually  six  lobes 
to  the  tooth.  The  last  premolar  is  worn  in  the  specimen  into  a  surface,  resem¬ 
bling  in  some  degree  the  figure  3  in  shape.  In  comparison  with  Moschus  Javanicus 
the  forehead  of  Leptomeryx  Evansi  has  about  the  same  inclination  forward  and 
is  almost  as  broad ;  but  the  sagittal  crest  is  longer  and  the  temporal  fossae  are 
more  horizontal  and  more  capacious  ;  the  orbits  are  smaller  and  more  directed 
upward;  the  zygoma  is  deeper;  the  post  orbital  arch  is  more  vertical,  and,  if 
the  specimen  is  a  correct  representative  of  the  species,  it  isopen  for  about  aline  ; 
the  glenoid  articulation  is  more  deeply  concave,  and  it  possesses  a  strong  post 
glenoid  tubercle;  the  auditory  bullae  are  much  smaller;  and  finally  the  inion  is 
broader. 

Measurements . 

Length  from  occipital  condyles  to  first  molar 
Breadth  at  zygomata 
Length  of  upper  molar  series 

££  series  of  lower  true  molars 
Transverse  diameter  of  orbit 
Vertical  «£  ££ 

The  species  I  have  named  in  honor  of  its  discoverer,  Dr.  John  Evans. 

Of  turtles  the  collection  contains  numerous  carapaces,  which  present  such  a 
gradation  of  form,  size  and  growth  to  the  fivt  species  described  in  the  ££  Ancient 
Eauna  of  Nebraska,”  that  I  feel  doubtful  whether  there  is  more  than  one  species 
among  them,  for  all  appear  to  me  to  be  only  different  ages  of  Testudo  lata,  the 
only  one  which  was  represented  as  full  grown,  as  indicated  by  the  sutural  con¬ 
nexion  of  the  costal  with  the  marginal  plates. 

(The  specimens  upon  which  were  established  the  new  species  and  genera  in  this 
communication  were  exhibited  by  Dr.  Leidy  to  the  members.) 


2  in. 
2  ££ 
1  ££ 


10  lines. 


4 

11 

10 

9 


ELECTIONS. 

Dr.  G.  Emerson,  of  Philadelphia,  was  elected  a  Member ,  and  the  Rev. 
Thomas  G.  Porter,  of  Lancaster,  Pa.,  was  elected  a  Correspondent. 


1853.] 


395 


September  Qth ,  1853. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

A  communication  was  presented  from  Dr.  M.  C.  Bead,  of  Hudson, 
Ohio,  entitled  “  Notes  on  the  Birds  of  Northern  Ohio,”  which  was  re¬ 
ferred  to  Mr.  Cassin,  Dr.  Wilson,  and  Dr.  Leidy. 

Major  Le  Conte  presented  a  paper  intended  for  publication,  describing 
a  new  species  of  Pacane  Nut ;  which  was  referred  to  Dr.  Zantzinger,  Dr. 
Bridges,  and  Mr.  Durand. 

A  communication  was  read  from  the  American  Philosophical  Society, 
dated  September  5th,  1853,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  No.  9,  Vol.  6, 
of  the  Proceedings. 


September  20 th. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

Major  Le  Conte  read  a  letter  from  Mr.  J.  Barnard  Davis,  dated 
Shelton,  Staffordshire,  England,  August  20th,  1853,  relative  to  the 
proposed  issue  by  subscription  of  a  new  work,  “  Crania  Britannica.” 

A  letter  was  read  from  the  Secretary  of  the  Trustees  of  the  New 
York  State  Library,  dated  September  16th,  1853,  acknowledging  the 
receipt  of  the  Proceedings,  No.  9,  Vol.  6. 


September  27th. 

The  President,  Mr.  Ord,  in  the  Chair. 

The  Committee  on  Mr.  Bead’s  communication  on  the  Birds  of  Northern 
Ohio,  reported  in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings. 


Catalogue  of  the  Birds  of  Northern  Ohio. 

By  M.  C.  Read,  of  Hudson,  Ohio. 

1.  Falco  columbarius,  Linn. 

Frequently  seen  in  autumn  and  the  early  part  of  winter,  though  not  very- 
abundant. 

2.  Falco  sparverius,  Linn. 

Very  common  from  early  spring  to  late  in  the  fall. 

3.  Falco  peregrinus,  Gmel. 

Rarely  seen. 

4.  Falco  Cooperii,  Bonap. 

Rarely  seen. 

5.  Falco  fuscus,  Gmel. 

Common. 

6.  Falco  furcatus,  Linn. 

Occasionally  visits  the  southern  counties  of  the  Reserve. 

7.  Falco  hyemalis,  Wil. 

Abundant  during  the  whole  year. 


PROCEED.  ACAD.  NAT.  SCI.  OF  PHILADELPHIA,  VOL.  VI.,  NO.  XI. 


57 


308 


[September, 


48.  Vireo  flavifrons,  Vieill. 

Abundant  through  the  summer. 

49.  Vireo  Noveboracensis,  Eon. 

Abundant  through  the  summer. 

50.  Vireo  gilvus,  Bon. 

Vireo  olivaceus,  Bon. 

Abundant  through  the  summer. 

51.  Mimus  polyglottus,  Boie.  , 

Rarely  seen.  Single  pairs  nest  in  particular  localities  nearly  every  season. 

52-  Mimus  rufus,  Bon. 

Common. 

53.  Mimus  felivox,  Bon. 

Very  abundant. 

54.  Turdus  migratorius,  Lin. 

Abundant  in  summer,  and  remains  in  small  numbers  through  the  year. 

55.  Turdus  mustelinus,  Gmel. 

Common. 

56.  Turdus  solitarius,  Wilson. 

Not  so  common  as  the  preceding,  but  frequently  seen. 

57.  Turdus  Wilsonii,  Bon. 

Very  abundant. 

5S.  Turdus  Noveboracencis,  Lath. 

Common. 

59.  Turdus  aurocapillus. 

Not  abundant. 

60.  Sylvicola  coronata,  Swains. 

Abundant  for  a  few  days  in  the  spring. 

61.  Sylvicola  ruficapilla,  Bon. 

In  smaller  numbers  in  spring. 

62.  Sylvicoea  estiva,  Swains.  % 

Abundant  throughout  the  summer. 

63.  Syevtcola  maculosa,  Swains.  . 

Abundant  in  spring  ;  have  also  seen  them  in  midsummer,  apparently  carrying 

food  to  their  young. 

64.  Sylvicola  pardalina. 

A  transitory  visitor,  but  not  rare. 

65.  Sylvicola  maritima,  Swains. 

Occasionally  seen  in  the  spring. 

65.  Sylvicola  pensilis,  Bon. 

Seen  occasionally  in  summer,  and  probably  nests  here. 

67.  Sylvicola  virens,  Swains. 

Visits  us  in  company  with  the  other  warblers,  a  part  remaining  through  the 
season. 

68.  Sylvicola  Blackburni.e,  Jard. 

Rare. 

69.  Sylvicola  icterocepiialus,  Swains. 

Undoubtedly  nests  here  in  considerable  numbers. 

70.  Sylvicola  castanea,  Swains. 

Abundant  in  the  spring,  have  noticed  it  as  late  as  the  last  of  June. 


399 


1853.] 


71.  Sylvicola  striata,  Swains. 

A  spring  visitant,  a  few  probably  nest  here. 

72.  Sylvicola  discolor,  Bon. 

Occasionally  nests  here. 

73.  Sylvicola  Americana,  Aud. 

Common  in  the  spring,  a  few  spend  the  summer. 


74.  Sylvicola  canadensis. 

Have  obtained  many  specimens,  but  in  the  spring  only. 

75.  Sylvicola  Formosa,  Wil. 

Rare,  but  a  summer  resident. 

76.  Trichas  Marylandica,  Bon. 

Very  abundant. 


77.  Trichas  agilis,  Nutt.  . 

Described  as  a  rare  bird.  In  the  summers  of  1850  and  1851  it  was  one  of  the 
most  common  birds,  in  a  dry  field  overgrown  with  brambles,  in  Andover,  Ashta¬ 
bula  county.  It  doubtless  nested  there  in  large  numbers. 

78.  Vermivora  Pennsylvania,  Swains. 

Occasionally  seen  in  the  spring. 


79.  Vermivora  solitaria,  Swains. 

Most  frequently  seen  in  the  spring,  at  no  time  abundant. 


80.  Vermivora  chrysoptera,  Swains. 
Rarely  seen  in  the  spring. 


81.  Vermivora  peregrina,  Bon. 
Rare. 


82.  Vermivora  rubricapilla,  Swains. 
The  most  abundant  of  the  Vermivoras. 


83.  Troglodytes  aedon,  Vieill. 

Abundant. 

84.  Troglodytes  hyemalis,  Vieill. 

Mainly  a  winter  resident,  a  few  spend  the  summer. 

85.  Troglodytes  ludovicianus,  Bon. 

Occasionally  seen. 

86.  Troglodytes  brevirostris,  Nutt. 

Not  abundant. 

87.  Troglodytes  palustris,  Bon. 

Common. 

88.  Regulus  calendula,  Licht. 

Common.  Have  shot  them  in  pairs  in  the  middle  of  summer,  one  answering 
the  description  of  the  male,  the  other  plainer  and  without  the  ruby  crown. 

89.  Regulus  tricolor,  Aud. 

Common,  and  like  the  preceding  remains  in  pairs  throughout  the  summer. 

90.  Sialia  Wilsonii,  Swains. 

Common. 

91.  Anthus  ludovicianus,  Licht. 

A  transient  visiter.  Rare. 


92.  Alauda  alpestris,  Linn. 

Occasionally  seen  on'the  lake  shore  in  the  spring  and  fall. 

93.  Emberiza  nivalis,  Linn.  . 

Appears  suddenly  in  large  flocks  during  long  continued  cold  weather,  some¬ 
times  remaining  many  weeks  in  the  same  neighborhood,  and  again  only  for  a 
single  day. 


398 


[SEPTEMBER; 


48.  Vireo  flavifrons,  Vieill  - 
Abundant  through  the  summer. 

49.  Vireo  Noveboracensis,  Eon. 

Abundant  through  the  summer. 

50.  Vireo  gilvus,  Bon. 

Vireo  olivaceus,  Bon. 

Abundant  through  the  summer. 

51.  Mimus  polyglottus,  Boie. 

Rarely  seen.  Single  pairs  nest  in  particular  localities  nearly  every  season. 

52.  Mimus  rufus,  Bon. 

Common. 

53.  Mimus  felivox,  Bon. 

Very  abundant. 

54.  Turdus  migratorius,  Lin. 

Abundant  in  summer,  and  remains  in  small  numbers  through  the  year. 

55.  Turdus  mustelinus,  Gmel. 

Common. 

56.  Turdus  solitarius,  Wilson. 

Not  so  common  as  the  preceding,  but  frequently  seen. 

57.  Turdus  Wilsonii,  Bon. 

Very  abundant. 

5S.  Turdus  Noveboracencis,  Lath. 

Common. 

59.  Turdus  attrocapillus. 

Not  abundant. 

60.  Sylvicola  coronata,  Swains. 

Abundant  for  a  few  days  in  the  spring. 

61.  Sylvicola  ruficapilla,  Bon. 

In  smaller  numbers  in  spring. 

62.  Sylvicola  estiva,  Swains. 

Abundant  throughout  the  summer. 

63.  Sylvicola  maculosa,  Swains. 

Abundant  in  spring  ;  have  also  seen  them  in  midsummer,  apparently  carrying 
food  to  their  young. 

64.  Sylvicola  pardalina. 

A  transitory  visitor,  but  not  rare. 

65.  Sylvicola  maritima,  Swains. 

Occasionally  seen  in  the  spring. 

66.  Sylvicola  pensilis,  Bon. 

Seen  occasionally  in  summer,  and  probably  nests  here. 

67.  Sylvicola  virens,  Swains. 

Visits  us  in  company  with  the  other  warblers,  a  part  remaining  through  the 
season. 

68.  Sylvicola  Blackburni;e,  Jard. 

Rare. 

69.  Sylvicola  icterocephalus,  Swains. 

Undoubtedly  nests  here  in  considerable  numbers. 

70.  Sylvicola  castanea,  Swains. 

Abundant  in  the  spring,  have  noticed  it  as  late  as  the  last  of  June. 


399 


1853.] 

71.  Sylvicola  striata,  Swains. 

A  spring  visitant,  a  few  probably  nest  here. 

72.  Sylvicola  discolor,  Bon. 

Occasionally  nests  here. 

73.  Sylvicola  Americana,  Aud. 

Common  in  the  spring,  a  few  spend  the  summer. 

74.  Sylvicola  canadensis. 

Have  obtained  many  specimens,  but  in  the  spring  only. 

75.  Sylvicola  Formosa,  Wil. 

Rare,  but  a  summer  resident. 

76.  Trichas  Marylandica,  Bon. 

Very  abundant. 

77.  Trichas  agilis,  Nutt. 

Described  as  a  rare  bird.  In  the  summers  of  1850  and  1851  it  was  one  of  the 

most  common  birds,  in  a  dry  field  overgrown  with  brambles,  in  Andover,  Ashta¬ 
bula  county.  It  doubtless  nested  there  in  large  numbers. 

78.  Vermivora  Pennsylvanica,  Swains. 

Occasionally  seen  in  the  spring. 

79.  Vermivora  solitaria,  Swains. 

Most  frequently  seen  in  the  spring,  at  no  time  abundant. 

80.  Vermivora  chrysoptera,  Swains. 

Rarely  seen  in  the  spring. 

81.  Vermivora  peregrina,  Bon. 

Rare. 

82.  Vermivora  rubricapilla,  Swains. 

The  most  abundant  of  the  Vermivoras. 

83.  Troglodytes  aedon,  Vieill. 

Abundant. 

84.  Troglodytes  hyemalis,  Vieill. 

Mainly  a  winter  resident,  a  few  spend  the  summer. 

85.  Troglodytes  ludovicianus,  Bon. 

Occasionally  seen. 

86.  Troglodytes  brevirostris,  Nutt. 

Not  abundant. 

87.  Troglodytes  palustris,  Bon. 

Common. 

88.  Regulus  calendula,  Licht. 

Common.  Have  shot  them  in  pairs  in  the  middle  of  summer,  one  answering 
the  description  of  the  male,  the  other  plainer  and  without  the  ruby  crown. 

89.  Regulus  tricolor,  Aud. 

Common,  and  like  the  preceding  remains  in  pairs  throughout  the  summer. 

90.  Sialia  Wilsonii,  Swains. 

Common. 

91.  Anthus  ludovicianus,  Licht. 

A  transient  visiter.  Rare. 

92.  Alauda  alpestris,  Linn. 

Occasionally  seen  on'the  lake  shore  in  the  spring  and  fall. 

93.  Emberiza  nivalis,  Linn. 

Appears  suddenly  in  large  flocks  during  long  continued  cold  weather,  some¬ 
times  remaining  many  weeks  in  the  same  neighborhood,  and  again  only  for  a 
single  day. 


400 


[September, 


94.  Tanagra  rubra,  Linn. 

Common  during  the  whole  summer. 

95.  Tanagra  estiva,  Gmel. 

Not  so  abundant  as  above — not  uncommon. 

96.  Fringilla  cyanea,  Wil. 

Common  in  dry  bushy  fields. 

97.  Fringilla  leucophrys,  Wil. 

Abundant  for  a  few  weeks  in  the  spring. 

98.  Fringilla  Pennsylvanica,  Aud. 

As  the  preceding. 

99.  Fringilla  graminea,  Gmel. 

A  common  summer  bird. 

100.  Fringilla  fasciata,  Gmel. 

A  common  summer  bird. 

101.  Fringilla  canadensis,  Lath. 

Abundant  in  the  winter,  a  few  remain  the  entire  year  and  nest  with  us;  have 
raised  them  from  the  nests. 

102.  Fringilla  socialis,  Wil. 

Very  abundant. 

103.  Fringilla  juncorum,  Nut. 

Common  about  the  bushy  holders  of  streams. 

104.  Fringilla  iliaca.  Lath. 

Common  in  the  spring  and  fall. 

105.  Fringilla  hyemalis,  Linn. 

Most  abundant  during  the  winter,  yet  common  throughout  the  year. 

106.  Fringilla  palustris,  Wil. 

Rather  common. 

107.  Fringilla  tristis,  Linn. 

Abundant. 

108.  Fringilla  linaria,  Linn. 

Abundant  during  extremely  cold  weather. 

109.  Fringilla  erythropthalma,  Linn. 

Common. 

110.  Fringilla  purpurea,  Gmel. 

Stops  a  few  days  in  the  spring  in  large  numbers.  Have  obtained  a  single  spe¬ 
cimen  in  Ashtabula  county,  in  the  month  of  August. 

111.  Cardinalis  Virginianus,  Bon. 

Ha<  become  quite  numerous,  and  remains  during  the  entire  year  ;  have  shot 
them  in  January,  thermometer  at  0°. 

112.  Coccothraustes  ludovicianus,  Nut. 

Nests  in  large  numbers  on  the  borders  of  streams,  and  in  the  neighborhood  of 
cranberry  marshes. 

113.  Corythus  enucleator,  Bon. 

Rare,  though  occasionally  seen  during  most  of  the  year. 

114.  Loxia  curvirostra,  Linn. 

Occasionally  visits  us  in  winter. 

1 15.  Conurus  Cauolinensis,  Bon. 

A  few  years  ago  a  flock  of  these  birds  appeared  in  Tallmadge,  Summit  county, 
as  I  was  informed  by  my  friend  Rev.  Samuel  Wright.  Have  myself  never  seen 
them  in  the  Reserve. 


1853.] 


401 


116.  Coccyzus  Americanus,  Bon. 

Not  uncommon. 

117.  Coccyzus  dominicus,  Nut. 

Rather  more  abundant  than  the  preceding. 

118.  Cot.aptes  acratus,  Swains.  i 

Common. 

119.  Picus  pileatus,  Linn. 

Still  frequently  seen,  though  not  as  abundant  as  heretofore. 

120.  Picus  erythrocephalus,  Linn. 

One  of  the  most  common  species. 

121.  Picus  Carglinus,  Linn. 

A  common  resident  of  the  forest,  rarely  seen  in  cultivated  fields. 

122.  Picus  varius,  Wil. 

Not  uncommon. 

123.  Picus  viulosus,  Linn. 

Very  abundant. 

124.  Picus  rubricapillus,  Nut. 

Have  obtained  four  or  five  well  marked  specimens  only. 

125.  Picus  pubescens,  Bon. 

Very  abundant. 

126.  Picus  medianus,  Nutt.  ? 

A  small  woodpecker  answering  to  the  description  of  this  bird,  as  given  in  the 
later  edition  of  Nuttall,  is  one  of  our  most  abundant  species. 

127.  SlTTA  CAROiilNENSIS,  Brls. 

Very  abundant. 

328.  Sitta  canadensis,  Linn. 

Not  so  abundant  as  the  preceding. 

129.  Certhia  Americana,  Bon. 

A  common  bird  at  all  seasons. 

130.  Mniotilta  varia,  Vieill. 

Rather  common  during  the  summer. 

131.  Trochilus  colubris,  Linn. 

Common. 

132.  Alcedo  aucyon,  Linn. 

Common. 

133.  Hirundo  purpurea,  Linn. 

A  village  resident,  though  not  as  abundant  as  heretofore. 

134.  Hirundo  rufa,  Gmel. 

Abundant.  Have  noticed  a  few  albinos . 

135.  Hirundo  fulva,  Vieill. 

Prof.  Kirtland  first  noticed  the  appearance  of  this  bird  in  Northern  Ohio,  in 
1838.  They  had  then  appeared  in  Columbiana  county.  They  are  now  abun¬ 
dant,  and  in  some  townships  almost  every  barn  is  lined  under  the  eaves  with 
their  nests. 

136.  Hirundo  bicolor,  Vieill. 

Not  very  abundant,  though  by  no  means  rare. 

137.  Hirundo  riparia,  Linn. 

Abundant  in  favorable  localities. 

138.  Chaetura  pelasgia,  Steph. 

Common. 


402 


[September, 


139.  Caprimulgus  vociferus,  Bon. 

Common  upon  our  dry  oak  lands,  rarely  seen  or  heard  elsewhere. 

140.  Caprimulgus  Virginianus,  Briss. 

Common. 

141.  Columba  Carolinensis,  Linn. 

Common. 

142.  Columba  migratoria,  Linn. 

Two  years  ago  last  spring  I  noticed  the  pigeons  in  vast  numbers,  in  the  fields, 
feeding  upon  the  dead  grasshoppers,  the  remains  of  the  countless  horde  which 
well  nigh  devoured  “  every  green  thing during  the  preceding  summer  and  fall. 

143.  Meleagris  GALLOPAVO,JLinn. 

Still  common. 

144.  Ortyx  Yirginiana,  Steph. 

Abundant. 

145.  Tetrao  umbellus,  Linn. 

Common  in  particular  localities  of  limited  extent. 

(  To  be  continued.') 


The  Committee  on  Major  Le  Conte’s  description  of  a  new  Pacane 
Nut,  reported  in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings. 


Description  of  a  new  species  of  the  Fdcane  Nut. 

By  John  Le  Conte. 

This  species  of  Hickorea,  which  I  found  cultivated  in  Georgia,  is  a  native  of 
the  State  of  Texas.  The  small  altitude  which  it  attains,  the  later  period  of  its 
foliation,  and  the  very  different  form  of  the  nut,  readily  distinguish  it  from  every 
other  hitherto  described.  I  have  adopted  Mr.  Rafinesque’s  name,  Hickorea,  for 
the  genus,  in  preference  to  Mr.  Nuttall’s  Carya,  on  the  ground  of  priority.  What¬ 
ever  may  have  been  the  errors  or  aberrations  of  Rafinesque,  Nuttall  was  not 
justified  in  changing  a  name  proposed  by  the  former,  years  before  any  publication 
of  his  own. 

Hickorea  texana. — Tree  about  ten  feet  high.  Leaves  13  inches  long,  fre¬ 
quently  rather  over  than  under  this  measurement,  composed  of  6  or  7  pairs  of 
leaflets,  scarcely  petiolated,  with  a  terminal  odd  one  on  a  rather  long  petiole  ; 
leaflets  lanceolate  acuminate,  the  lower  ones  more  convex  on  the  upper  than  the 
lower  edge,  dentate  on  the  uppsfr  edge  from  about  one  third  the  distance  from 
the  base  ;  the  lower  edge  is  always  most  entire,  except  a  few  small  teeth  near 
the  point.  The  terminal  leaflet  is  dentate  on  both  edges,  but  not  near  the  base  ; 
nut  somewhat  ovate,  pointed  at  the  upper  extremity,  less  so  at  the  lower,  flat¬ 
tened,  somewhat  rough,  and  slightly  angled  ;  1*4  inch  long,  1  inch  broad. 

Differs  from  H.  olivaeformis  or  common 
Pacane  nut,  in  being  a  much  smaller  tree, 
seldom  being  more  than  10  or  12  feet  high, 
whilst  the  other  frequently  reaches  to  80  or 
90  feet ;  in  the  smaller  size  of  the  leaves, 
which  rarely  exceed  14  inches  in  length,  the 
leaflets  being  4  or  5  inches  long,  whilst  the 
H.  olivaeformis  has  the  leaves  from  19  to  20 
inches  long  and  the  leaflets  7  inches  ;  but 
most  peculiarly  in  the  shape  of  the  nut ;  this, 
in  our  species,  is  ovate,  flattened,  although 
protuberant  on  the  sides  and  rough ;  in  the 
other  very  smooth,  cylindrical,  pointed  at 
each  end.  The  leaves  of  the  H.  olivaeformis 

,T  TT  are  fully  formed  before  this  species  shows 

H.  OI.IVSKOM.IS.  H.  TEX  AHA.  ^  sjgn  Qf  fo,iation. 


1853.] 


403 


The  Beport  of  the  Corresponding  Secretary  was  read  and  adopted. 

The  following  amendment  to  Article  I,  Chapter  8,  of  the  By-Laws 
was  adopted : 

“  Any  Specimen  belonging  to  the  Academy  and  not  presented  under 
restrictions,  may  be  loaned  to  Members  and  Correspondents,  for  purposes 
of  scientific  investigation,  by  consent  of  three-fourths  of  the  Curators,  and 
for  a  period  not  exceeding  three  months :  any  person  to  whom  specimens 
may  be  loaned,  shall  first  deposit  with  the  Curators  a  sum,  in  cash,  not 
less  than  fifty  dollars,  which  they  may  deem  necessary  to  ensure  the  safe 
return  of  the  specimens ;  and  he  shall  also  be  subject  to  a  fine,  equal  in 
amount  to  one-third  of  the  security  given,  for  each  month  that  the  speci¬ 
mens  may  be  retained  beyond  the  time  specified  for  their  return.  The 
specimens  loaned,  together  with  the  date  at  which  their  return  may  be 
due,  shall  be  reported  to  the  Academy  by  the  Curators,  at  the  meetings 
for  business  in  March,  June,  September  and  December.” 

ELECTIONS. 

Mr.  Percival  Collins,  and  Dr.  S.  Wier  Mitchell,  both  of  Philadelphia, 
and  Edward  F.  Sanderson,  Esq.,  of  New  York,  were  elected  Members ; 

And  the  Bev.  Charles  Fox,  of  Michigan,  Philo  B.  Hoy,  M.  D.,  of 
Bacine,  Wisconsin;  J.  S.  Newberry,  M.  I).,  of  Cleveland,  Ohio,  and  the 
Bev.  A.  C.  Barry,  of  Bacine,  Wisconsin,  were  elected  Correspondents. 


October  kih. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

Letters  were  read 

From  Dr.  B.  W.  Gibbes,  dated  Columbia,  S.  C.,  September  16, 1853, 
transmitting  a  cranium  and  other  Indian  remains. 

From  the  New  York  Lyceum  of  Natural  History,  dated  Sept.  27, 
1853,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  the  Proceedings,  No.  IX,  Vol.  6. 

From  the  Boyal  Mineralogical  Society  of  St.  Petersburg,  dated  Dec. 
3,  1852,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  a  late  number  of  the  Journal,  and 
transmitting  the  volumes  of  their  Transactions  announced  this  evening. 


October  11th. 

Dr.  Buschenberger  in  the  Chair. 

Major  Le  Conte  presented  a  paper  for  publication  in  the  Proceedings, 
entitled  “  Descriptions  of  three  new  species  of  Arvicola,  with  re¬ 
marks  upon  other  North  American  Rodents,”  which  was  referred  to  Dr. 
Hallowell,  Dr.  Leidy,  and  Dr.  B.  H.  Coates. 

A  letter  was  read  from  the  Secretary  of  the  Geological  Society  of 
Germany,  dated  Berlin,  10th  July,  1853,  accompanying  volumes  of  their 
publications,  and  desiring  those  of  the  Academy  in  exchange. 

Also  a  letter  from  the  Secretary  of  the  Trustees  of  the  New  York 
Lyceum,  dated  Albany,  October  4th,  1853,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of 
No.  X,  Vol.  6,  of  Proceedings. 


404 


[October, 


October  18th. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

A  letter  was  read  from  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania,  dated 
October  7th,  1858,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  Proceedings,  and  also 
presenting  the  volumes  of  their  Memoirs  announced  this  evening. 

Also  a  letter  from  Philo  It.  Hoy,  M.  D.,  dated  Bacine,  Wisconsin, 
October  7th,  1853,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  his  notice  of  election  as 
a  Correspondent. 

Major  Le  Conte  presented  a  paper  for  publication,  entitled  “  Obser¬ 
vations  on  Crotalus  durissusand  C.  adamanteus,  of  Authors/’  which  was 
referred  to  Dr.  Hallowell,  Professor  Haldeman  and  Dr.  Leidy. 

Mr.  C.  Grirard  presented  a  paper  for  publication,  entitled  ‘‘Descriptions 
of  new  species  of  Reptiles  collected  by  the  U.  S.  Exploring  Expedition, 
under  Captain  Wilkes — part  2nd.”  Referred  to  Dr.  Hallowell,  Dr.  Le 
Conte  and  Dr.  Leidy. 

A  continuation  of  Dr.  Hoy’s  u  Notes  on  the  Ornithology  of  Wiscon¬ 
sin,”  was  presented  by  Mr.  Cassin,  and  referred  to  the  Committee  on 
the  previous  portions  of  the  paper. 

Dr.  Leidy  called  the  attention  of  the  Society  to  the  fragment  of  a  jaw 
of  an  extinct  Saurian  animal,  discovered  by  Mr.  M’Leod  in  the  New 
Red  Sandstone  of  Prince  Edward’s  Island.  The  specimen  indicates  a 
new  and  remarkable  genus,  for  which  Dr.  Leidy  proposed  the  name 
Bathygnathus  borealis. 

The  portion  of  the  jaw  is  the  anterior  part  of  the  right  lower  half,  and 
measures  five  inches  in  depth.  It  contains  eight  teeth,  of  which  the  long¬ 
est  when  perfect  has  been  two  inches.  They  are  compressed  conoidal  and 
curved,  with  the  borders  finely  serrulated. 

Professor  Haldeman  proposed  to  change  the  pre-occupied  name  of  his 
Meloe  parvus,  in  the  report  of  Captain  Stansbury’s  Expedition,  to  M. 
parvulus. 


October  25th. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

The  Committee  on  Major  Le  Conte’s  descriptions  of  new  Arvicolae, 
reported  in  favor  of  publication. 

Description  of  three  new  species  of  American  Arvicolcey  with  remarks  upon  some 
other  American  Rodents. 

By  John  Le  Conte. 

From  amongst  the  smaller  mammals  of  this  country  I  select  out  the  genus 
Arvicola  as  a  proper  subject  for  a  few  remarks.  Notwithstanding  the  researches 
of  those  who  have  preceded  me,  I  have,  within  the  last  year,  detected  three 
species  which  have  not  yet  been  described.  The  object  of  my  observations  is 
not  so  much  to  bring  these  before  the  world,  as  to  settle  the  synonomy  of  those 
which  are  already  found  in  the  books.  The  confusion  among  them  is  very  great, 
and  apparently  every  day  increasing.  What  may  be  the  result  of  my  endeavors 
to  enlighten  this  darkness,  it  is  not  for  me  to  say.  I  can  only  hope  that  my  con- 


1853.] 


405 


elusions  may  not  in  any  instance  prove  erroneous.  I  do  not  think  that  the  short 
and  defective  descriptions  of  others  have  misled  me;  although  such  might  well 
have  been  the  case.  The  following  descriptions  are  made  as  full  as  possible, 
for  the  time  has  past  when  short  descriptions  of  half  a  dozen  words  can  be  of  any 
use ;  the  unusual  number  of  objects  claiming  our  attention  at  the  present  day  in 
the  three  kingdoms  of  nature,  require  them  to  be  so  dravrn  up  that  they  never 
can  be  too  minute,  nor  their  details  too  extended. 

The  most  inconceivable  confusion  has  been  introduced  into  Natural  History 
by  the  publication,  a  few  years  ago,  of  a  Fauna  of  the  United  States.  An  author 
who  was  scarcely  capable  of  forming  a  scientific  idea,  introduced  himself  into  a 
place,  which  a  more  modest  man  would  have  hesitated  to  occupy,  and  by  as¬ 
suming  discoveries  to  which  he  had  no  right,  and  imposing  names  of  his  own 
upon  animals  which  had  long  been  known  under  other  names,  has  dishonestly 
attempted  to  rob  the  real  discoverers  of  the  credit  to  winch  they  were  entitled. 

Thus,  the  rubbish  of  synonomy  has  been  increased,  and  doubt  and  uncertainty 
introduced  where  all  might  have  been  plain  and  distinct.  I  beg  leave  to  offer 
a  few  instances  of  this  author’s  conduct  in  this  place  ;  others  will  be  produced 
hereafter.  Harlen,  in  his  Fauna  Americana,  states  that  the  Arvicola  amphibius 
of  Europe  is  common  in  this  country.  Now,  there  is  no  proof  that  he  ever  sawr 
this  animal  living  or  dead.  He  gives  a  description  wrhich  is  translated  verbatim 
from  Demarest,  and  shows  a  woful  ignorance  of  the  French  language  by  trans¬ 
lating  “  plus  clair  ”  clearer,  instead  of  paler.  Again,  he  tells  us  that  the  Mus 
sylvaticus  is  a  native  of  the  United  States  ;  and  here  again  he  makes  free  with 
the  Frenchman’s  words,  and  again  mistranslates.  This  animal  was  never  seen 
living  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic. 

In  the  following  descriptions  I  have  admitted  nothing  which  could  be  con¬ 
sidered  common  to  all  the  species  of  any  genus,  such  as  the  color  of  the  teeth, 
the  hairiness  of  the  posterior  inner  angle  of  the  mouth,  the  squamosity  of  the 
under  side  of  the  toes,  or  the  color  of  the  eyes  ;  all  those  matters  merely  fill  up 
space,  and  ought  from  the  first  to  be  known  as  unvarying  generic,  not  specific 
characteristics.  Comparisons  with  other  species  mixed  with  the  genuine  cha¬ 
racters,  “  notae  collatitiae,”  so  much  reprobated  by  Linnaeus,  have  likewise  been 
studiously  avoided. 

1.  Arvicola  apella.  Auribus  brevissimis,  sub  pilis  occultis,  intus  et  extus 
pilosis.  Pedibus  gracilibus,  brevibus.  Cauda  brevi,  supra  obscure  badia,  subtus 
cinereo-plumbea. 

Hab.  In  Pennsylvania  in  agris  cultis.  ("Dr.  Woodhouse.) 

Hair  dark  lead  color,  above  tipt  with  brown,  redder  on  the  sides ;  beneath 
with  gray,  inclining  to  brownish  on  the  chin  and  throat.  Head  short,  blunt ; 
ears  very  short,  rounded,  slightly  hairy  both  within  and  without,  entirely  con¬ 
cealed  under  the  fur,  antitragus  short,  semicircular.  Legs  very  short;  feet  pale 
browmish,  covered  with  short,  shining  hair;  thumb  tubercle,  furnished  with  a 
short  blunt  nail.  Tail  very  short,  above  brown,  beneath  grayish.  Length,  in¬ 
cluding  the  tail,  in.  4*7 ;  head  1* ;  ears  *2 ;  foreleg  *5 ;  hind  leg  1-1  ;  tail  '7. 

2.  Arvicola  edax.  Brevis  et  robustus,  supra  spadiceo  et  nigro  permixfus. 
Auribus  extra  pilos  exstantibus.  Cauda  mediocri,  supra  nigra,  subtus  cinerea. 

Hab .  In  California. 

Body  short  and  thick.  Hair  plumbeous  black,  above  and  on  the  sides  tipt 
with  shining  browm  mixed  with  black,  beneath  tipt  with  grey.  Head  short, 
blunt,  ears  round,  not  entirely  concealed  under  the  fur,  hairy  within  and  without, 
antitragus  large,  semicircular.  Feet  covered  with  short,  shining  gray  hair, 
thumb,  tubercle,  with  a  short,  very  blunt  nail.  Tail  moderate,  hairy,  above, 
dusky  beneath,  grey,  with  a  slight  tinge  of  brownish 

Length  as  before,  in.  5*5 ;  head  1*4  ;  ears  *5 ;  foreleg  1*3  ;  hind  leg  1*5  ;  tail  1.5. 

3.  Arvicola  austerus.  Supra  fusco  et  nigro  permixtus,  subtus  obscure 
schistosus.  Auribus  extra  pilos  exstantibus,  extus  pilosis.  Cauda  gracili,  dense 
pilosa. 

Hab .  In  Wisconsin.  (Prof.  Baird  ) 


405 


[October, 


Hair  above  dark  plumbeous  tipt  with  brown  and  black,  beneath  dark  slate- 
colored  mixed  with  brown,  particularly  on  the  breast,  the  upper  and  under  sides 
of  the  body  being  nearly  alike.  Head  large  and  blunt ;  ears  rounded,  longer  than 
the  fur,  outwardly  hairy,  inwardly  only  so  on  the  upper  margin ;  antitragus  large, 
semicircular;  whiskers  black  and  grey,  shorter  than  the  head.  Feet  covered  with 
shining  grey  hair;  thumb  tubercle  with  a  compressed,  sharp,  hooked  nail.  Tail 
slender,  thinly  covered  with  short  hair,  above  mixed  brown  and  black,  beneath 
brownish  grey. 

Length  in.  5-5  ;  head  1-3 ;  ears  *8;  fore  leg  1*1  ;  hind  leg  1-5  ;  tail  1*4. 

4.  Arvicola  rifarius.  Brevis  et  robustus,  antice  quam  postice  latior.  Supra 
fuscus,  per  dorsum  subnigricans,  subtus  cinereus.  Capite  obtuso,  auribus  sub 
pilis  occultis,  antitrago  magno.  Cauda  pilis  brevibus  bene  vestita,  supra  nigra, 
subtus  pallidissime  fusca. 

Hab.  In  paludibus  provinciarum  borealium.  (Phila.,  Mr.  Ord.)  A.  riparius 
Ord.,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  vol.  iv.  p.  305.  A.  pennsylv^nica.  Richardson, 
Fauna  boreali  americana,  vol.  i.  p.  120.  Idem  Audubon  and  Bachman  Quad¬ 
rupeds  of  N.  America,  vol.  i.  p.  341.  Id.  Wagner’s  Suppl.,  vol.  iii.  p.  588.  Id. 
Schinz,  vol  ii.  p.  247.  A.  hirsutus  Dekay,  Zoology  of  New  York,  vol.  i.  p.  86. 

Body  short  and  robust,  broader  before  than  behind.  Hair  dark  lead  color, 
above  tipt  with  brown,  darker  along  the  back,  beneath  with  grey.  Head  short, 
larger  and  blunter  than  in  any  other  species  ;  ears  short,  rounded,  hairy  both 
within  and  without,  entirely  concealed  under  the  fur ;  antitragus  large,  semicir¬ 
cular,  nearly  closing  the  auditory  aperture  ;  legs  and  feet  brown,  the  latter 
covered  with  short,  shining  hair;  thumb  tubercle,  with  a  short  compressed  sharp 
nail.  Tail  well  covered  with  hair,  above  dusky,  beneath  very  pale  brown. 

Length  6  inches;  head  1*4;  breadth  of  head  1*8;  ears  .4;  fore  leg  1  in.;  hind 
leg  1-8 ;  tail  1-3. 

Swirns  and  dives  well ;  is  found  peculiarly  on  the  marshes  of  those  rivers 
where  the  Zizania  aquatica  grows.  As  there  is  a  considerable  difference  in  the 
teeth  of  some  of  these  animals,  I  have,  whenever  it  was  in  my  power,  pointed 
out  their  peculiarities.  With  the  exception  of  one  species  which  will  be  men¬ 
tioned  hereafter,  they  differ  much  from  those  of  Europe.  Unfortunately  I  have 
not  been  able  to  obtain  crania  of  many  of  those  here  described,  otherwise  certain 
distinctive  marks  might  have  been  obtained,  which  would  have  rendered  their 
determination  much  more  easy. 

System  of  Dentition. — In  the  upper  jaw  the  first  molar  is  composed  of  5  tri¬ 
angles,  1  anterior,  2  exterior  and  2  interior ;  the  second  of  4  triangles,  1  anterior, 
2  exterior  and  1  interior,  with  a  small  posterior,  rounded  lobe  ;  the  third  of  5  tri¬ 
angles,  1  anterior,  2  exterior  very  small,  2  interior,  and  ends  in  a  trcffle,  the  ex¬ 
terior  lobe  of  which  is  nearly  obliterated,  leaving  a  plane  space  from  the  end  of 
the  tooth  to  the  posterior  triangle. 

From  this  arrangement  it  results,  that  the  line  of  teeth  in  the  upper  jaw  con¬ 
sists  externally  of  9  salient  and  9  re-entering  angles,  the  two  last  of  each  small, 
and  internally  of  10  salient  and  8  re-entering  angles,  exclusive  of  the  interior 
emargination  of  the  treffle. 

In  the  lower  jaw  the  first  molar  commences  with  a  treffle,  then  follow  6  tri¬ 
angles^  exterior,  3  interior  and  1  posterior;  the  second  of  5  triangles,  2  exterior, 
2  interior  and  1  posterior ;  the  third  of  3  triangles,  1  anterior,  1  intermediate 
and  1  posterior;  and  the  line  of  teeth  is  formed  externally  of  11  salient  angles, 
including  the  exterior  lobe  of  the  treffle,  and  9  re-entering  angles,  including  the 
concavity  of  the  side  of  the  treffle,  and  internally  of  11  salient  and  11  re-entering 
angles,  including  the  lobe  and  the  emargination  of  the  treffle. 

5.  Arvicola  Oneida.  Supra  niger,  pilis  sparsis  fuscis  intermixtus,  pluribus 
super  caput  et  ad  genas,  lateribus  et  abdomine  saturate  plumbeis,  hujus  pi- 
lorum  extremitatibus  fuscis,  illorum  pallidioribus  et  cinereis.  Auribus  subpilis 
occultis.  Cauda  supra  nigra,  subtus  nigrante. 

Hab.  A  Noveboraco  ad  Pennsylvaniam.  Arv.  Oneida  Dekay,  Zoology  of 
New  York,  1.  c.  p.  88. 

Hair  short  and  close,  not  shining;  on  the  back  black,  with  scattering  brown 


407 


1853.] 

hairs,  more  numerous  on  the  head  and  cheeks;  dark  plumbeous  on  the  sides  and 
belly,  the  hairs  of  the  first  tipt  with  brown,  of  the  other  with  grey  and  light 
brown.  Head  very  moderately  blunt ;  lips  white  ;  ears  small,  rounded,  hairy 
both  within  and  without,  and  concealed  under  the  fur ;  antitragus  large,  semicir¬ 
cular.  Feet  dusky,  covered  with  short  hair  ;  thumb  with  a  compressed,  rounded 
nail.  Tail  above  black,  beneath  dusky,  very  slightly  covered  with  hair. 

Length  5-2*  ;  head  1.1. ;  ears  *125  ;  fore  leg  *9 ;  hind  leg  1-4  ;  tail  1*4. 

Said  by  Bachman  to  be  the  Arv.  pinetorum,  to  which  it  bears  very  little  re¬ 
semblance. 

6.  Arvicola  nasutus.  Capite  satis  magno,  magis  quam  in  caeteris  producto. 
Auribus  ovalibus  extra  pilos  exstantibus.  Cauda  bene  vestita,  supra  fusca, 
subtus  cinerascente. 

Hob.  Cum  priore.  A.  nasuta  Bach.,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  vol.  viii.  p.  296. 
A.  nasutus  Wiegroan,  Arch,  for  1843,  part  2  p.  53.  A.  noveboracensis  Rich., 

1.  c.  p.  84.  A.  palustris  Harlan,  Fauna  Americana,  p.  136;  Schinz.  1.  c.  p. 
251. 

Hair  dark  plumbeous,  above  about  equally  tipt  with  dark  and  light  brown, 
having  somewhat  of  a  hirsute  appearance,  of  a  uniform  mixed  color  over  all  the 
upper  parts,  beneath  dark  cinereous  tipt  with  grey.  Head  moderately  large, 
more  elongated  than  in  others.  Ears  oval,  projecting  beyond  the  fur,  hairy  both 
within  and  without;  antitragus  moderate,  semicircular.  Feet  covered  with 
shining,  pale  brown  hair  ;  thumb  tubercle,  w’ith  a  compressed,  curved,  blunt 
nail.  Tail  well  covered  with  hair,  above  dark  brown,  beneath  greyish. 

Length  6-5 ;  head  1-8  ;  ears  *35 ;  fore  leg  *8  ;  hind  leg  1*4  ;  tail  1-2. 

I  have  not,  myself,  met  with  this  species  any  where  but  in  Pennsylvania,  but 
I  have  heard  of  it  in  almost  all  the  Northern  States.  It  has  been  confounded  by 
Richardson  with  the  A.  noveboracensis  of  Rafinesque,  which  it  very  much  re¬ 
sembles,  but  is  easily  told  by  the  longer  and  narrower  head,  and  by  a  difference 
in  the  upper  incisors.  Dr.  Harlan,  in  his  Fauna  Americana,  wishing  to  deprive 
Mr.  Ord  of  the  merit  of  having  first  described  the  A.  riparius,  published  this 
species  under  the  name  of  A.  palustris,  and  quoted  A.  riparius  as  a  synonym. 
His  own  ignorance  defeated  him  in  this  project,  and  made  his  ill  faith  more  ap¬ 
parent.  Had  he  only  been  honest,  he  would  have  consulted  Mr.  Ord  on  the 
identity  of  the  two  animals,  and  then  might  have  justly  claimed  this  species  as 
his  own. 

7.  Arvicola  Pennsylvanicus.  Capite  satis  magno  et  obtuso,  dentibus  primo- 
ribus  superioribus  margine  interiore  le\  iter  subsulcatis.  Auribus  brevibus  sub- 
pilis  occultis,  antitrago  magno,  auris  aperturam  omnino  occludente. 

Hab.  In  provinces  borealibus.  (Phila.,  Mr.  Ord.)  Arv.  pennsylvanicus  Ord. 
A.  riparius  Rich.,  1.  c.  p.  120.  A.  xanthognathus  Dekay,  1.  c.  p.  90.  Lem- 
mus  noveboracensis  Raf.  A.  pennsylvanicus  Wagner,  1.  c-  p.  589  ;  Schinz.,  1. 
c.  p.  247. 

Hair  long,  soft  and  glossy,  dark  lead  color,  above  tipt  with  brown  intermixed 
with  longer  black  hairs,  beneath  tipt  with  shining  grey.  Head  moderately  blunt 
and  large,  upper  incisors  very  slightly  sulcate  on  the  inner  edge  ;  lips  white  ; 
ears  oval,  projecting  a  little  beyond  the  fur,  hairy  both  within  and  without;  an¬ 
titragus  large,  semicircular,  entirely  closing  the  auditory  passage;  feet  dark 
brown,  covered  with  short  shining  hair;  thumb  tubercle  with  a  short,  com¬ 
pressed,  blunt  nail.  Tail  depressed,  w’ell  covered  with  hair,  black,  beneath  a  litile 
paler. 

Length  7  in. ;  head  1*4 ;  ears  *25 ;  fore  leg  -9 ;  hind  leg  1*7  ;  tail  1-8. 

The  dentition  is  nearly  the  same  as  of  the  A.  riparius.  In  the  upper  jaw’  the 
posterior  interior  angle  is  furnished  w’ith  a  small,  sharp,  posterior  lobe,  and  the 
third  molar  of  the  low’er  jaw  terminates  in  a  roundish  piece,  wThich  is  so  cut  by 
the  last  re-eritering  angle  on  its  inner  side  as  to  form  another  interior  salient 
angle,  w’hence  the  interior  line  of  teeth  in  the  low’er  jaw  is  composed  of  12  salient 
and  11  re-entering  angles. 

This  species,  first  described  by  Mr.  Ord,  is  probably  the  one  confounded  by 


403 


[October, 

Pennant  with  the  Arv.  agrestis  of  Europe.  It  is  very  easily  distinguished  from 
any  other  of  the  genus  that  I  have  seen  in  America,  by  the  furrow  on  the  inner 
margin  of  the  superior  incisors,  and  by  the  large  antitragus  of  the  ear,  which 
completely  closes  up  the  auditory  passage  as  with  a  valve,  the  last  character 
showing  that  it  is  peculiarly  fitted  for  an  aquatic  life.  It  is  generally  pointed 
out  by  American  naturalists  as  the  A.  xanthognathus  of  Leach,  a  species  which 
I  have  never  had  the  good  fortune  to  see,  and  which  I  scarcely  believe  has  ever 
been  found  fhr  from  the  Arctic  regions.  As  for  its  habits,  it  delights  in  marshy 
places,  and  swims  and  dives  with  much  dexterity.  It  leaves  the  lower  grounds, 
however,  and  is  often  found  in  upland  meadows.  Formerly  it  was  very  common 
in  the  vicinity  of  New  York.  This  was  before  the  advance  of  population  on  that 
favored  spot  had  destroyed  everything  connected  with  nature,  except  the  vices 
of  man. 

There  is  generally  quoted  in  connection  with  this  species  of  Arvicola,  a  figure 
in  Wilson’s  Ornithology,  vol.  vi.,  pi.  50,  which  has  nothing  characteristic  about 
it,  and  may  as  well  be  said  to  represent  anything  else. 

8.  Arvicola  borealis.  Capite  magno  et  obtuso,  auribus  brevibus,  sub  pilis 
occultis.  Tarso  subtus  dense  piloso.  Cauda  sparse  pilosa,  supra  nigrante,  sub- 
tus  fusco  cinerea. 

Hab.  In  provinciis  borealibus.  (R.  Island,  Mr.  Powel.)  A.  borealis  Rich., 
1.  c.  p.  127.  Wiegman’s  Archiv.,  1843,  part  2,  p.  53.  Schinz.,  1.  c.,  p.  251. 
Wagner,  1.  c.  593. 

Hair  very  shining,  dark  plumbeous,  above  and  on  the  sides  tipt  with  bright 
brown  and  black,  so  as  to  have  a  somewhat  variegated  appearance,  beneath  with 
gray  very  slightly  tinged  with  brown.  Head  large,  short  and  blunt ;  ears  round, 
entirely  concealed  under  the  fur,  hairy  both  within  and  without;  antitragus  large, 
semicircular.  Feet  light  cinereous  brown,  covered  w'ith  short  shining  hair,  the 
tarsi  beneath  densely  hairy ;  thumb  tubercle,  with  a  short,  straight  blunt  nail. 
Tail  thinly  covered  with  hair,  above- dusky,  beneath  brownish  grey. 

Length  in.  6  2  ;  head  1*3  ;  ears  *25  ;  foreleg  *9  ;  hind  leg  1*7  ;  tail  2. 

9.  Arvtcola  californicus.  Subvariegatus  rufescenti-fusco  et  nigro.  Corpore 
brevi  et  robusto,  pilis  speciem  hirsutiei  habentibus,  revera  tamen  mollibus  et 
levibus.  Auribus  submagnis,  pene  sub  pilis  occultis.  Cauda  supra  fusca,  sub¬ 
tus  fusco-cinerea. 

Hab.  In  California.  A.  Californica  Peale,  Zool.  Expl.  Ex.  Quadrupeds,  46. 
Body  short  and  thick.  Hair  rather  long,  very  shining,  at  the  roots  plumbeous 
black,  above  and  on  the  sides  tipt  with  reddish  brow'n  and  black  in  such  a  man¬ 
ner  as  to  give  it  a  hirsute  appearance,  wThich  in  reality  it  does  not  possess,  be¬ 
neath  with  grey.  Head  blunt;  ears  rather  large,  almost  concealed  under  the  fur, 
hairy  both  within  and  without.  Feet  covered  with  short  shining,  greyish  brown 
hair;  thumb  tubercle,  with  a  compressed  blunt  nail.  Tail  above  brown,  beneath 
cinereous  brown. 

Length  5*7  ;  head  1-3 ;  ears  *46 ;  fore  leg  1 ;  hind  leg  1*5 ;  tail  1*5  ;  fur  *45. 

The  dentition  differs  from  that  of  A.  riparius  as  follows  :  In  the  upper  jaw  the 
second  interior  triangle  of  the  first  tooth  is  furnished  with  a  small,  sharp  poste¬ 
rior  lobe,  and  the  interior  triangle  of  the  second  has  likewise  a  sharp  posterior 
lobe,  fn  the  lower  jaw’  the  first  tooth  is  formed  of  8  triangles,  1  anterior,  which 
may  rather  be  called  an  oval,  1  posterior,  3  exterior  and  3  interior.  The  line  of 
teeth  in  the  upper  jaw  differs  in  having  internally  9  salient  and  9  re-entering 
angles,  and  in  the  lower  jaw  in  having  externally  10  salient  and  9  re-entering 
angles,  and  internally  12  salient  and.  11  re-entering  angles. 

10.  Arvicola  occidentalis.  Pilis  mollissim’s  et  tenuissimis,  extremitatibus 
superioribus  rufis  sine  ulla  nigri  adrnistione.  Auribus  sub  pilis  occultis.  Cauda 
sub  compressa,  supra  et  subtus  concolore  rufa. 

Hab.  In  territorio  Oregonensi.  A.  occidentalis  Peale,  1.  c.,  45. 

Hair  dark  plumbeous,  very  soft  and  fine,  above  tipt  with  bright  rufous  without 
any  admixture  of  black,  beneath  with  grey.  Head  blunt  ;  cars  round,  entirely 
concealed  under  the  fur,  hairy  only  on  the  outside  ;  antitragus  rather  shorter  than 
usual.  Feet  covered  with  short  shining,  ru  ous  hair;  thumb  tubercle,  with  a 


1853.] 


409 


compressed  sharp  nail.  Tail  slightly  compressed,  rufous,  of  the  same  color 
both  above  and  below. 

The  dentition  is  the  same  in  every  respect  as  in  Arv.  riparius. 

We  are  indebted  for  this  pretty  animal,  as  well  as  for  the  preceding  species, 
to  the  researches  of  Mr.  Titian  Peale,  who  was  one  of  the  Naturalists  of  the 
United  States  Exploring  Expedition,  under  the  command  of  Capt.  Wilkes. 

11.  Arvicola  pinetorum.  Pilis  plumbeo-nigris,  supra  extremitatibus  fuscis, 
subtus  argenteo-cinereis.  Oculis  minimis,  vix  evidentibus.  Auribus  sub  pilis 
occultis.  Pedibus  brevibus.  Cauda  brevi,  obtusa,;pilo3a. 

Hab.  In  Carolina  et  Georgia  in  cultis.  Vulg.  Mole  Rat  or  Ground  Mouse. 
Psammomys  pinetorum  Leconte,  Ann.  Lyc.  2,  133,  tab.  2.  Arv.  pinetorum  Aud. 
and  Bach.  Quadr.  N.  A.,  Yol.  ii.  p.,216.  Wagner,  1.  c.  p.  591.  Schinz.,  1.  c.  p. 
249. 

Body  cylindrical.  Hair  short,  shining, plumbeous  black,  above  tipt  with  brown, 
beneath  with  silvery  grey.  Head  large,  short  and  blunt ;  eyes  very  small,  scarcely 
visible;  ears  small,  roundish,  hairy  within  and  without, entirely  concealed  under 
the  fur;  antitragus  short,  flat,  semicircular.  Legs  short,  brown,  covered  with 
short  shining  hair;  thumb  tubercle,  with  a  compressed,  curved  nail ;  nails  of  the 
toes  long  and  slender,  naked  (no  hairs  projecting  over  them  as  in  every  other 
species.)  Tail  very  short,  blunt  and  hairy. 

Length  3-8  ;  head  1*1 ;  ears  *15 ;  fore  leg  *7  ;  hind  leg  -8 ;  tail  *7. 

The  dentition  of  this  species,  and  of  the  following,  differs  very  much  from  that 
of  any  others  which  I  have  examined.  The  molars  in  the  upper  jaw  are  precisely 
like  those  of  the  common  European  species  ;  while  in  the  lower  jaw  they  are 
widely  different.  Upper  jaw:  the  first  molar  is  composed  of  5  triangles,  1  an¬ 
terior,  2  exterior  and  2  interior  ;  the  second  of  4  triangles,  1  anterior,  2  exterior 
and  1  interior ;  the  impressed  spaces  on  the  crowns  of  the  teeth,  in  the  posterior 
interior  triangle  of  the  first  and  second  teeth,  are  rectangularly  oblong ;  the  third 
molar  is  formed  of  three  triangles,  1  anterior,  1  exterior  and  1  interior,  and  ends 
in  a  three-sided  piece,  which  is  rounded  at  its  apex,  and  deeply  cut  into  on  the 
interior  side  by  the  last  re-entering  angle.  The  upper  line  of  dentition  consists 
externally,  of  9  salient  and  8  re-entering  angles,  and  internally,  of  8  salient  and 
7  re-entering  angles.  In  the  lower  jaw  the  first  tooth  begins  with  a  treffle,  then 
follow  6  triangles,  2  exterior,  3  interior  and  1  posterior  ;  the  second  of  5  triangles, 
2  exterior,  2  interior  and  1  posterior  ;  the  third  is  narrowed  anteriorly,  and  formed 
of  3  triangles,  1  anterior,  1  intermediate  and  1  posterior. 

The  lower  line  of  teeth  consists,  externally,  of  7  salient  and  6  re-entering 
angles,  with  two  emarginations  on  the  external  face  of  the  last  tooth,  internally, 
of  11  salient  and  10  re-entering  angles. 

Previous  to  the  year  1810,  this  little  animal,  although  well  known  in  the  pine 
region  of  lower  Georgia  for  its  depredations  in  the  cultivated  fields  of  the  inhabit¬ 
ants,  had  not  made  its  appearance  in  the  oak  lands.  The  first  one  that  I  ever  saw' 
was  at  that  time  brought  to  me  as  a  great  curiosity ;  since  then  they  have  become 
extremely  common,  and  very  destructive  to  sweet  potatoes  and  ground  nuts. 
How  long  they  have  been  known  in  South  Carolina  I  have  no  means  of  ascer¬ 
taining. 

Its  life  is  wholly  subterranean ;  it  is  therefore  never  seen  except  when  acci¬ 
dentally  or  designedly  turned  up  from  beneath  the  surface. 

12.  Arvicola  scalopsoides.  Capite  magno  et  obtuso  ,*  auribus  parvis  margine 
solo  exteriore  piloso,  sub  pilis  occultis,  tarso  subpiloso.  Supra  castaneus  subtus 
cinereus. 

Hab.  In  Pennsylvania.  A.  scalopsoides  Bachm.  Journ.  Acad.  Sci.,  Phil.,vol* 
viii.  p.  299. 

Hair  shining,  plumbeous,  above  tipt  with  chesnut  slightly  mixed  w-ith  blackish, 
beneath  cinereous  tipt  wTith  g?ey,  the  latter  color  tolerably  distinctly  separated 
on  the  sides  from  the  former.  Head  large  and  blunt ;  ears  rounded,  hairy  in¬ 
wardly  on  the  upper  edge  only,  concealed  under  the  fur  ;  antitragus  small,  semi- 
siicular;  w'hiskers  grey,  longer  than  the  head  ;  feet  covered  writh  short  shining, 


110  [October, 

pale  brown  hair  ;  carpus  and  tarsus  hairy  beneath.  Tail  well  clothed  with  short 
hair  above  and  tipt  with  dark  brown,  beneath  pale  brown. 

Length  4-7  ;  tail  *8  ;  head  1*2  ;  ears  *17  ;  fore  leg  *8  ;  hind  leg  1*4. 

The  dentition  is  precisely  like  that  of  the  preceding,  the  A.  pinetorum. 

I  know  nothing  of  the  habits  of  this  animal,  but  Conclude  from  its  large  eyes, 
that  its  life  is  not  subterranean. 

The  next  genus  which  I  shall  examine  is  Hesperomys  ;  of  this  I  have  two  new 
species  to  describe,  one  from  the  North  and  one  from  the  South,  and  as  an  ap¬ 
pendage,  shall  add  the  Mus  Leconteiof  Bachman,  which  is  a  Reithrodon,  and 
neither  a  Mus  nor  a  Hesperomys. 

Those  American  animals  which  were  formerly  arranged  in  the  genus  Mus, 
have,  from  a  more  attentive  examination,  been  removed  to  this.  For  a  long  time 
naturalists  hesitated  where  to  place  them;  hence,  we  sometimes  find  them  called 
Arvicolae.  Mr.  Waterhouse  finally  gave  them  the  name  which  they  now  bear. 
Whether  the  illustrious  author  intended  by  this  name  to  indicate  their  nocturnal 
habits,  or  their  western  habitat,  in  either  case  it  is  perfectly  appropriate.  It 
may  well  be  doubted  whether  there  is  a  single  species  of  Mus  really  indigenous 
to  America.  There  is  but  one  instance  which  makes  me  hesitate  to  assert  this 
positively.  In  Georgia  there  is  a  rat,  inhabiting  the  middle  parts  of  the  State, 
which  Dr.  Bachman  considers  as  a  variety  of  the  Mus  Rattus,  from  which,  how¬ 
ever,  it  appears  to  me  to  differ  very  considerably.  How  it  could  be  imported 
from  abroad  and  only  found  in  the  interior  of  the  country,  and  there  not  in  cities 
and  among  human  habitations,  I  cannot  conceive.  Why  has  it  not  extended 
everywhere  as  well  as  in  the  more  southern  States  ?  and  why  has  nothing  re¬ 
sembling  iteverbe«n  described  in  Europe,  whence  we  have  undoubtedly  received 
the  Mus  Rattus?  It  may  have  been  brought  from  Africa  or  some  tropical  region, 
and  therefore  not  able  to  bear  any  colder  climate  than  that  of  Georgia  or  South 
Carolina. 

The  molars  of  Hesperomys  vary  from  those  of  Mus  in  the  following  particulars  : 
They  are  proportionally  longer  and  smaller.  In  Mus  they  have  each  three  trans¬ 
verse  striae-tubercles  ;  in  Hesperomys,  the  series  of  teeth  present  a  double  row  of 
tubercles  not  standing  perfectly  opposite  each  other,  but  more  or  less  alternating, 
and  separated  in  the  middle  by  a  deep  longitudinal  furrow  meandering  among 
them  ;  the  inner  ones  of  these  tubercles  in  the  upper  jaw  and  the  outer  ones  in 
the  lower,  seeming  to  be  formed  by  a  reduplication  in  the  sides  of  the  teeth.  All 
the  molars  have  some  alternating  indentations  or  folds  of  the  enamel.  The  first 
has  2  internally  and  1  externally,  the  rest  having  one  on  each  side,  except  H. 
leucopus,  which  in  the  second  superior  molar  has  2  on  each  side,  one  of  the  exte¬ 
rior  being  smaller.  On  the  two  first  teeth  of  the  upper  jaw  there  is  a  small  false 
tubercle  at  the  mouth  of  each  of  the  indentations.  The  indentations  and  the  tu¬ 
bercles  of  the  hindmost  tooth,  both  above  and  below,  become  early  obliterated. 
In  the  lower  jaw  the  number  of  tubercles  are  similar  to  what  We  find  in  the 
upper,  that  is  to  say  the  first  tooth  has  5  tubercles,  the  second  4,  and  the  third  3. 
This  is  the  structure  of  the  dentition  when  the  teeth  are  not  altered  by  age  and 
long  use  ;  when,  however,  the  tubercles  become  ground  down,  the  plicated  figures, 
which  formerly  were  of  a  determinate  and  invariable  form,  become  changed,  and 
finally  vanish  entirely,  and  the  surface  of  the  tooth  becomes  plain.  When  the 
teeth  of  a  Mus  are  abraded,  there  are  formed  on  the  surface  simple  oblique  fur¬ 
rows  across  their  crowns.  I  begin  with  the  largest  of  the  genus. 

1.  Hesperomys  palustris.  Pilis  cinereis,  supra  saturatioribus,  extremitati- 
bus  supernis  fuscis  et  nigris,  abdominalibus  cinereo-albis.  Auribus  parvis  intus 
et  extus  pilosis. 

Hab.  In  Georgiae  et  Carolina  oryzaceis.  Mus  palustris  Harlan,  Silliman’s 
Journ.,  xxxi.,  385.  Wagner,  1.  c.  p.  543.  Arvicola  oryzivora  Aud.  and  Bach., 
Quadrupeds  of  N.  A.,  vol.  iii.  p.  214. 

Hair  cinereous,  above  darker,  tipt  with  brown  and  mixed  with  longer  and 
blacker  hairs,  wrhich  are  more  numerous  on  the  back,  so  as  to  make  that  part  of 
the  body  much  darker,  beneath  tipt  w'ith  grey.  Nose  rather  pointed ;  ears  small, 
nearly  round,  clothed  both  inwardly  and  outwardly  with  short  hair.  Feet 


1853.] 


411 


covered  with  short,  silvery  brown  hair,  not  projecting  over  the  nails.  Tail  scaly, 
thinly  covered  with  short  hair,  more  densely  on  the  under  side. 

Length  of  the  head  and  body  in.  5*5;  tail  4*8;  head  1*6;  ears  *45:  fore  leg  1*1; 
hind  leg  2* ;  foot  1’35. 

In  the  short  synonomy  attached  to  this  species  there  is  more  to  be  found  than 
at  first  sight  meets  the  eye.  It  is  with  much  regret  that  I  find  myself  compelled 
to  adopt  Harlan’s  name,  and  to  consider  the  very  appropriate  one  proposed  by 
Dr.  Bachman  as  a  synonym.  The  following  explanation  of  the  circumstances 
which  force  me  to  this  will,  I  hope,  be  satisfactory.  May  it  produce  an  effect 
quite  contrary  to  what  was  calculated  upon  by  the  author  of  the  name.  Dr. 
Harlan  was  certainly  the  first  describer  of  this  animal.  In  natural  science  the 
law  of  priority  is  inflexible  ;  and  a  fact  made  known  by  a  vain  and  ignorant  pre¬ 
tender,  or  procured,  as  in  the  present  instance,  by  dishonorable  means, 
is  entitled  to  the  same  record  as  one  discovered  by  the  patient  and  sincere 
searcher  after  truth.  Dr.  Bachman’s  observations  on  this  subject,  in  the  third 
volume  of  the  Quadrupeds  of  North  America,  seem  to  imply  that,  as  the  name 
of  Arvicola  palustris  is  pre-occupied  by  Harlan  himself,  in  Fauna  Americana, 
p.  136,  the  specific  name  could  not  be  given  to  the  animal  before  us ;  but  as  it  is 
by  no  .means  an  Arvicola,  and  as  Harlan  called  it  a  Mus,  (as  in  his  day  it  would 
have  been  called  by  every  one,)  the  objection  is  of  no  avail,  and  the  name  must 
stand.  Besides,  the  A.  palustris  of  Harlan  is  itself,  with  him,  a  synonym  of  A. 
riparius,  but  truly  a  synonym  of  A.  nasutus  ;  the  man’s  ignorance  defeating  his 
dishonest  intention  to  deprive  Mr.  Ord  of  the  name. 

This  rat  inhabits  the  inland  rice  plantations  of  Georgia  and  South  Carolina ; 
dives  and  swims  with  the  most  perfect  ease.  It  makes  its  nest  among  the  rice 
about  two  feet  from  the  ground,  but  in  the  winter  burrows  in  the  dams;  is 
very  carnivorous,  and  so  nearly  resembles  the  Mus  decumanus,  or  house  rat,  as 
at  first  sight  to  be  taken  for  it.  It  is  readily  distinguished  by  the  shortness  and 
hairiness  of  the  ears. 


2.  Hesp.  gossypinus.  Supra  fuscente-badius,  lateribus  dilutioribus,  subtus 
cinerascente-albidus.  Capite  magno,  naso  elongato,  auribus  magnis,  erectis,  ro- 
tundis,  nigrantibus,  extus  subnudis. 

Hab.  In  Georgia.  Vulg.  Cotton  Mouse. 

Hair  dark  plumbeous,  above  on  the  top  of  the  head  and  back  tipt  with  brown 
and  dusky,  on  the  other  parts  with  brownish  tawny,  lightest  on  the  sides,  be¬ 
neath  slightly  with  whitish  and  cinereous,  so  that  the  under  side  of  the  body 
appears  greyish,  which  color  is  rather  abruptly  separated  from  the  tawny  of 
the  sides,  upon  which  it  rises  in  a  curve  a  little  behind  the  fore  legs.  Head  very 
large  ;  nose  long,  projecting,  dusky  ;  cheeks  tawny  ;  lips  white ;  eyes  large  and 
prominent ;  ears  large,  round,  erect,  dusky,  almost  naked,  with  a  few  short, 
brown,  appressed  hairs  at  the  base.  Nails  covered  by  the  hair  of  the  toes.  Tail 
hairy,  above  dusky,  beneath  brown. 

Length  of  head  and  body  4-5 ;  tail  3  inches  ;  head  1*5  ;  ear  length  *67,  breadth 
•66  ;  fore  leg  1*1  ;  hind  leg  1*9 ;  tarsus  *8. 

Younger  individuals  are  not  so  tawny  on  the  sides  as  the  older.  This  species 
is  considered  by  Dr.  Bachman  as  a  variety  of  the  next.  It  is,  however,  three 
times  as  large,  and  lives  in  a  different  manner.  It  forms  its  nest  under  logs  and 
under  the  bark  of  decaying  trees,  generally  of  cotton,  frequently  using  more  than 
a  pound  of  this  material  for  the  purpose. 

Fifty  years  ago  this  mouse  was  scarcely  knowTn  'to  the  inhabitants  of  the 
southern  parts  of  Georgia.  Since  then  they  have  become  extremely  common, 
have  left  the  fields  and  woods,  and  taken  up  their  abode  in  barns  and  dwelling 
houses.  In  the  year  1809  I  first  saw  and;  for  my  private  satisfaction,  made  a 
description  of  this  animal.  The  specimen  was  a  female  ;  and  when  caught,  had 
two  young  ones  attached  to  her  tail,  with  which  she  was  endeavoring  to  escape. 
I  never  saw  but  one  other  for  several  years  after,  I  then  found,  probably  in  the 
year  1822,  that  no  animal  of  this  kind  was  more  numerous  over  the  whole 
of  that  part  of  the  country. 

It  differs  from  the  next,  H.  leucopus,  more  obviously,  in  the  nose  being  more 

58 


412 


[October } 


prominent,  the  head  larger,  and  the  fore  feet  not  being  so  different  in  length  from 
the  hind  as  to  cause  its  usual  mode  of  progression  to  be  by  leaps.  The  propor¬ 
tion  between  the  fore  and  hind  feet  in  this  species  being  as  1  to  1*75,  whereas 
in  H.  leucopus  it  is  as  1  to  2. 

3.  Hesp.  leucopus.  Supra  laete  badius  interdum  prope  aurantiacus,  subtus 
niveus,  coloribus  a  se  abrupte  disjunctis.  Capite  subobtuso,  auribus  magnis, 
erectis,  ovalibus,  subnu^is,  margine  angustissimo  sub-albido. 

Hab.  In  provinces  borealibus.  Hesp.  leucopus  Wagner,  Schreber,  Suppl.  vol. 
iii.  p.  528.  Musculus  leucopus  Rafinesque,  Am.  Month.  Mag.,  vol.  iii.  p.  444. 
Mus  leucopus  Richardson,  1.  c.  p.  142.  Id.  Dekay,  Zoolog.  New  York,  vol.  i. 
p.  82.  Id.  Schinz.,  vol.  ii.  p.  176.  Mus  agrarius,  var.  2,  Turton’s  Linnaeus, 
vol.  i.  p.  Id.  Godman’s  Fauna,  vol.  ii.  p.  88.  Mus  sylvaticus  Harlan,  Fauna, 
p.  149.  (Description  translated  from  Demarest  and  not  applicable.)  Arvicola 
Emmonsii  Emmons,  Mass.  Report,  p.  61.  Cricetus  myoides  Gapper,  Zool.  Jour., 
vol.  v.  p.  204.  Cricetomys  myoides  Schinz.,  1.  c.  p.  204.  Field  Mouse,  Pen¬ 
nant,  Arc.  Zool.,  vol.  i.  p.  131.  Vulg.  Jumping  Mouse. 

Hair  dark  plumbeous,  above  tipt  with  tawny  or  dark  orange,  on  the  top  of  the 
head  and  back  with  brown  and  tawny,  beneath,  for  at.  least  two-thirds  of  the 
length  of  the  hair  with  snowy  white  ;  the  tawny  color  of  the  sides  very  bright, 
and  abruptly  separated  from  the  snowy  color  of  the  belly,  the  line  of  separation 
very  distinct  and  well  defined,  and  curved  upward  on  the  sides  both  before  and 
behind  the  forelegs.  Head  moderately  blunt  ;  eyes  prominent,  black  and  very 
lively  ;  nose  and  lips  white  ;  cheeks  bright  tawny ;  ears  large,  erect,  oval,  blunt, 
nearly  naked,  being  furnished  with  short,  closely  appressed  hairs,  not  in  very 
great  quantity,  and  narrowly  margined  with  whitish.  Fore  legs  generally  white  on 
all  sides  ;  hind  legs  outwardly  tawny,  inwardly  white  ;  feet  pale  flesh  color,  with 
closely  appressed  white  hairs  projecting  beyond  the  nails.  Tail  above  brownish 
dusky,  beneath  cinereous  brown.  In  winter  the  fur  frequently  becomes  darker 
colored,  being  over  almost  all  the  upper  parts  dark  cinereous  mixed  with  tawny. 

Length  in.  3-9  ;  head  1*2  ;  ears  height  -55,  width  *35  ;  fore  leg  -9  ;  hind  leg  -18  ; 
tail  2-9  ;  tibia  and  tarsus  1*8. 

Specimens  are  brought  from  California  and  from  Oregon  that  are  above  much 
darker  colored  ;  the  plumbeous  color  of  the  lower  portion  of  the  hair  appearing 
more  distinctly  among  the  tawny  tips,  which  are  thus  rendered  but  here  and 
there  visible  ;  the  upper  color  is  separated  from  that  of  the  belly  as  distinctly  as 
in  others  ;  the  outer  side  of  the  fore  legs,  however,  is  not  white,  but  of  the  color 
of  the  back.  In  other  specimens,  the  upper  parts  are  more  uniformly  brownish 
tawny,  and  the  belly  not  so  white;  the  fore  legs  also  are  of  a  dull  white.  In 
none  of  them  are  the  white  parts  so  beautifully  snowy.  All  of  them  that  I  have 
seen  had  been  preserved  in  alcohol,  and  were,  therefore,  more  or  less  unfit  for 
description.  There  may  be  really  distinct  species  among  them. 

This  animal  burrow’s  in  the  ground,  forming  long  galleries,  and  proves  very 
destructive  in  gardens.  It  becomes,  in  some  places,  impossible  to  cultivate 
certain  species  of  bulbous  roots,  as  hyacinths,  tulips, &c., without  some  contrivance 
by  w'hich  they  may  be  protected  from  their  depredations.  The  best  method 
which  I  have  seen  used  was,  surrounding  each  root  with  a  flow’er  pot,  the  bottom 
of  w'hich  was  knocked  out.  The  robber  does  not  penetrate  very  deep  into  the 
earth,  he  is  thus  quickly  stopped  in  his  progress,  and  forced  to  look  elsewhere 
for  food.  Their  usual  mode  of  progression  when  on  the  surface  is  by  leaping, 
hence  their  name  of  Jumping  Mouse.  The  name  of  Deer  Mouse  is  given  in  Ca¬ 
nada  to  the  two  species  of  Jaculus  ;  it  is  only  used  in  that  country,  as  the  Jaculi 
are  so  seldom  seen  in  the  United  States  as  to  be  only  known  to  naturalists.  In 
the  winter  they  enter  houses,  particularly  cellars,  and  support  themselves  in  the 
same  manner  as  the  Mus  musculus.  In  green  houses  they  are  extremely  de¬ 
structive  to  cacti  and  other  succulent  plants.  I  have  never  known  them  to  form 
their  nests  in  trees,  or  1o  occupy  deserted  birds’  nests  ;  it  is  another  species  of 
this  genus  which  has  this  habit.  This  species  I  have  found  it  impossible  to  obtain, 
although  formerly  quite  numerous  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York.  M.  de  Selys 
Longchamps,  in  his  Micro-mammalogia,  pp.  66  and  67,  makes  some  observations 


1853.1 


413 


on  this  mouse,  and  proves  that  it  cannot  be  the  same  as  the  Mus  sylvaticus  of 
Europe  ;  he  calls  it  Mus  noveboracensis.  I  cannot  find  whence  he  got  this  name, 
but  should  rejoice  much  to  find  that  it  had  been  proposed  by  some  naturalist 
before  Rafinesque,  that  we  might  get  rid  of  the  Greek  name  which  is  now  indis¬ 
solubly  attached  to  it. 

4.  Hesp.  campestris.  Supra  fuscus,  subtus  cinereo-fuscus.  Capite  magno, 
auribus  rnagnis,  ovalibus,  obtusis,  pilis  brevibus  sparse  vestitis. 

Hab.  In  Nova  Cassarea. 

Hair  plumbeous  black,  above  tipt  with  brown,  beneath  with  cinereous  brown, 
darker  about  the  mouth.  Head  large.;  ears  large,  oval,  blunt,  thinly  covered 
both  within  and  without,  with  very  short,  closely  appressed  hair.  Legs  and  feet 
brown.  Tail  well  clothed  with  tolerably  long  hair. 

Length  in.  3-4 ;  head  1-2;  ears  55-;  width  *4;  fore  leg  *45 ;  hind  leg  1-6; 
tail  2;7. 

This  species  was  found  in  the  collection  of  the  Academy,  and  labelled  Mus 
campestris,  from  New  Jersey.  The  specimens  were  preserved  in  alcohol,  and 
therefore  scarcely  fit  to  be  described  ;  there  was,  however,  enough  to  show  that 
they  were  different  from  any  hitherto  described  animal. 

5.  Hesp.  sonoriensis.  Supra  saturate  cinereus  fuscescente-eano  leviter  inter- 
mixtus,  subtus  albescens.  Capite  elongato,  auribus  rnagnis.  Cauda  modica. 

Hab.  In  provincia  Sonorae. 

Hair  above  dark  cinereous  or  slate  color,  slightly  mixed  with  brownish  grey, 
more  thickly  on  the  head,  nose,  and  behind  the  ears,  and  with  grey  on  the  sides; 
beneath  whitish,  except  on  the  throat,  which  is  mixed  slate-color  and  whitish. 
Head  elongated,  pointed ;  ears  large,  oval,  hairy  both  within  and  without,  and 
with  a  distinct  narrow  grey  margin.  Feet  covered  with  short,  whitish  brown 
hair.  Tail  moderate,  above  dark  brown,  beneath  paler. 

Length  in.  3*3;  head  T2  ;  ears  *4;  fore  leg  1* ;  hind  leg  1*8 ;  tail  1*9. 

Resembles  in  some  degree  the  H.  leucopus.  Collected  by  the  Boundary  Com¬ 
mission,  under  Major  Graham. 

These  are  all  the  species  of  this  genus  of  which  I  have  specimens  at  present. 
Messrs.  Audubon  and  Bachman  describe  in  addition,  H.  humilis,  H.  aureolus,  H. 
caroliniensis  and  H.  michiganensis  under  the  genus  Mus.  With  all  of  these,  ex¬ 
cept  the  last,  I  was  well  acquainted  forty  years  ago. 

I  cannot  omit  saying  something  here  of  an  animal  described  by  Dr.  Dekay  in 
the  Zoology  of  the  State  of  New  York,  vol.  i.  p.  31,  under  the  name  of  Mus 
Americanus.  This  is  certainly  a  Hesperomys,  or  a  species  of  one  of  the  allied 
genera,  and  not  a  Mus  rattus,  as  Dr.  Bachman  supposes.  It  is  some  years  ago 
since  it  was  found  in  the  city  of  New  York,  and  handed  to  me  for  examination 
by  Mr.  John  G.  Bell.  I  took  the  following  notes  of  it  at  the  time,  and  had  it 
passed  to  Dr.  Dekay,  who  was  then  engaged  in  writing  the  Zoology  of  the  State. 

The  animal  was  above  and  beneath  of  a  uniform  dark  plumbeous  black  in¬ 
clining  to  dusky  ;  head  rather  blunt ;  eyes  prominent ;  ears  oval,  blunt,  externally 
naked,  internally  sparsely  hairy.  Feet  small,  covered  with  short  shining  hair  ; 
toes  wdiite.  Tail  short ;  terete,  annulosely  scaly. 

Length  of  head  and  body  9'3  ;  tail  5-6  ;  head  2‘4  ;  ears  *75  ;  w'idth  *45. 

Reithrodon  Lecontei.  Supra  rufo,  fusco  et  nigrante  mixtus,  subtus  albidus  ; 
naribus  carunculatis,  labris  tumidis.  Auribus  rnagnis. 

Hab .  In  Georgia.  Mus  Le  Contii  Bachman,  Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.,  vol.  viii. 
p.  307. 

Hair  plumbeous,  above  tipt  with  rufous,  dark  brown  and  dusky,  the  latter  color 
prevailing  more  on  the  back.  Forehead  much  arched  ;  eyes  large;  lips  tumid  ; 
nostrils  each  furnished  beneath  with  a  small  caruncle  pointing  dowTnwards ;  ears 
oval,  large,  hairy  both  within  and  without.  Feet  very  pale  flesh  color,  covered 
with  short  cinereous  brown  hairs.  Tail  long,  nearly  naked,  above  brown,  be¬ 
neath  paler. 

Length  in.  2*5;  head  *8 ;  ears  *2 ;  fore  leg  *5 ;  hind  leg  *8  ;  tail  2  inches. 


414 


[October^ 


Very  much  resembles  the  common  mouse.  Burrows  in  the  earth  and  comes 
out  at  night  to  eat.  Its  food  appears  to  consist  chiefly  of  green  vegetables. 

In  the  preliminary  remarks  to  this  memoir,  I  alluded  to  a  species  of  Mus  in¬ 
habiting  the  Southern  States,  which  might  be  considered  as  native  and  not  im¬ 
ported,  which  was  mentioned  in  Audubon  and  Bachman’s  Quadrupeds  as  a  variety 
of  Mus  rattus.  This  animal  was  known  many  years  ago  to  Seba,  Klein  and 
Brisson,  and  figured  or  described  by  them.  The  following  description  of  it 
made  many  years  ago,  although  some  what  imperfect,  may  help  to  point  it  out. 

Mus  Americanus.  Hair  dark  cinereous,  above  tipped  with  reddish  brown, 
and  dusky  with  many  long  scattering  hairs  of  the  latter  color,  beneath  with 
white,  having  a  tinge  of  yellow  particularly  towards  the  sides.  Ears  rather 
large,  oval,  blunt,  naked.  Feet  whitish,  covered  with  short  hairs.  Thumb  tu¬ 
bercle  furnished  with  a  short  blunt  nail.  Tail  terete,  long,  annulosely  scaly, 
furnished  with  short  hair. 

Hab.  In  Georgia  and  Carolina.  Mus  Americanus  Turton’s  Linnaeus,  Vol.  I. 
p.  50.  Rattus  Americanus  Brisson,  Regne  Animale,  p.  172.  Mus  Americanus 
Klein,  Quad.  p.  53.  Seba,  Vol.  II.  tab.  29,  fig.  2. 

This  rat  was  formerly  very  common  in  the  midland  counties  of  Georgia.  I, 
however,  know  nothing  of  its  habits.  The  following  measurements  were  taken 
from  many  different  specimens.  Length  of  head  and  body  7.74  ;  tail  7.8  ;  head 
2.05  ;  ears  .9. 

Mus  Virginianus.  Color  entirely  white.  Ears,  feet  and  tail  flesh  color. 
Eyes  brown.  Ears  moderate,  blunt,  naked.  Feet  thinly  covered  with  short 
hair;  thumb-tubercle  with  a  short  blunt  nail.  Tail  thick,  rather  blunt,  quad¬ 
rangular,  the  upper  side  convex,  the  others  plane,  annulosely  scaley,  with  short 
hairs  proceeding  from  the  base  of  the  rings. 

Hab.  In  Texas. 

Length  h.  and  b.  7.3  ;  tail  6.2;  diameter  at  root  .3,  at  point  .2. 

Mus  Virginianus  Turton,  1.  c.,  p.  82.  Mus  albus  virginianus  Brisson,  1.  c., 
p.  173.  M.  agrestis  virginianus  Klein,  1.  c.,  p.  57.  Seba,  Vol.  I.,  tab.  49,  fig.  4. 
Virginian  rat  Pennant.  Art.  Zool.,  Vol.  I.,  p.  32. 

In  the  year  1840,  a  ship  arrived  at  New  York,  from  Tampico,  which  was  over¬ 
run  with  rats  of  this  species  ;  a  number  of  them  were  given  to  Mr.  J.  J.  Audubon, 
who  made  a  drawing  of  the  animal  and  kindly  gave  me  one,  from  which  the 
above  description  was  made ;  it  is  not  as  full  and  perfect  as  it  might  be,  as  I  had 
no  thought  at  the  time  of  ever  publishing  it.  The  cranium  differed  in  many  respects 
from  that  of  the  M.  decumanus,  to  which  it  appeared  evidently  allied,  althoug'h 
the  tail  was  so  different.  I  shall  close  these  observations  with  a  few  remarks 
on  some  other  Rodentia. 

Neotoma  floridanum.  Is  by  no  means  confined  to  the  southern  states,  three 
individuals  having  been  taken  by  Mr.  Bell,  of  New  York,  near  Nyack,  on  the 
western  bank  of  the  Hudson  river,  about  twenty  miles  above  the  city.  One  of 
these  was  considerably  larger  than  any  I  had  ever  seen,  the  head  and  body  mea¬ 
sured  11  inches,  the  tail  7.5. 

This  animal  was  first  described  by  Mr.  Ord,  in  the  Bulletin  of  the  Societe 
Philomathique  de  Paris,  in  the  year  1818,  under  the  name  of  Mus  floridanus,  and 
afterwards  in  the  Journal  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  of  this  city,  as 
Neotoma  floridana.  Harlan  arranged  it  under  the  genus  Arvicola,  from  which  it 
differs  very  much  in  its  dentition,  as  well  as  in  other  respects.  It  is  the  Ameri¬ 
can  rat  of  Pennant,  Arct.  Zool.,  vol.  i.,  p.  130,  where  he  confounds  it  with  a 
Siberian  animal  described  by  Pallas. 

Sigmodon  hispidus.  This  animal  is  subject  to  considerable  variation  in  the 
middle  molar  of  both  jaws,  which  has  usually  but  one  external  and  one  internal 
enamel  fold  on  each  side,  sometimes,  however,  there  are  two  external  folds,  the 
additional  one  being  anterior  and  smaller. 

We  are  indebted  to  Mr.  Ord  for  the  first  published  notice  of  this  rat,  which 


1853.] 


415 


appeared  in  the  Journ.  A.  N.  S.,  voL  iv.  p.  352.  It  is  described  by  Harlan  in  bis 
Fauna  as  Arvicola  hortensis,  and  afterwards  in  Silliman’s  Journal,  vol.  x.  p.  285, 
under  a  different  name,  Arvicola  ferrugineus.  When  Mr.  Ord  first  brought  this 
animal  from  Florida,  he  deposited  his  specimen  in  the  Philadelphia  Museum,  in 
care  of  Mr.  Peale,  with  a  particular  injunction  against  its  getting  into  the  hands 
of  any  one  else.  Dr.  Harlan,  who  had  free  admission  to  this  institution  at  all 
times,  went  there  when  he  knew  no  one  would  be  present,  took  the  specimen 
away,  and  afterwards  described  it  under  the  very  inappropriate  name  of  Arvicola 
hortensis.  The  consequence  of  this,  to  say  the  least  of  it,  unfair  conduct,  was  a 
positive  banishment  from  the  Museum  for  the  future.  Somewhat  of  a  similar 
manoeuvre  caused  him,  sometime  after,  to  be  banished  by  the  police  from  the  city 
of  Paris. 

In  the  plates  to  the  voyage  of  the  French  ship  Venus  there  is  figured  a  rat, 
which  is  called  Neotoma  Floridana,  which  probably  belongs  to  this  genus,  and 
may  be  considered  as  a  new  species.  The  teeth  have  no  resemblance  to  those 
of  a  Neotoma,  which,  like  those  of  Arvicola,  are  formed  of  triangles.  Not  being 
able  to  refer  to  the  text  of  this  work,  it  is  impossible  to  say  of  what  country  it 
is  a  native.  It  may  have  been  found  on  the  western  coast  of  our  continent,  in 
California  or  Oregon. 

The  name  by  which  the  Sigmodon  is  known  in  Georgia  is  the  Small  Wood  Rat, 
the  Neotoma  being  called  simply  Wood  Rat.  They  both  keep  at  a  distance  from 
houses,  concealed  in  the  woods  or  hedge  rows. 

I  conclude  this  rambling  part  of  my  paper  by  stating  that,  of  the  two  Jaculi 
found  in  this  country,  the  Labradore  Rat  of  Pennant,  Arct.  Zool.,  vol.  i.  p.  132, 
since  called  Dipus,  and  Meriones,  but  now  Jaculus,  has  very  large  ears,  and  is 
the  same  as  the  Gerbillus  leonurus  of  Rafinesque.  The  Jaculus  Canadensis  has 
very  small  ears,  and  may  thus  be  easily  distinguished  ;  they  are  both  called  Deer 
Mouse  by  the  inhabitants  of  Canada. 


The  Committee  on  Major  Le  Conte’s  paper  on  Crotalus  durissus  and 
C.  adamanteusj  reported  in  favor  of  publication. 


Observations  on  the  so-called  Crotalus  durisstis  and  C.  adamanteus  of  modern 

authors. 

By  John  Le  Conte. 

Cuvier,  in  ,his  “  Regne  Animal,”  in  a  note  on' the  genus  Crotalus,  observes, 
that  the  Linnean  specific  names  of  horridus  and  durissus  have  been  in  different 
ways  changed  between  these  two  species.  He  was  perfectly  correct  in  this  ; 
and  any  one  consulting  the  authors  who  have  written  on  reptiles,  will,  in  my 
opinion,  be  at  no  loss  to  determine  what  the  illustrious  Swede  meant  by  these 
two  specific  names.  In  the  Southern  States  we  have  but  two  species  of  Crotalus, 
as  the  genus  is  now  restricted.  They  are  familiarly  known  as  the  Pine  Barren 
and  the  Oak  Ridge  rattlesnakes.  Until  it  is  possible  to  determine  how  either  of 
these  was  named  by  Linnaeus,  and  I  cannot  doubt  that  he  had  seen  them  both,  I 
hope  I  may  be  pardoned  if  I  use  these  popular  names  to  distinguish  them  from 
each  other.  The  first  has,  by  English  authors  of  the  last  century  and  by  Cuvier, 
been  considered  the  horridus ,  and  the  other  by  Shaw  and  Pennant,  as  the  duris¬ 
sus  ;  in  the  last  case  manifestly  improperly,  as  will  appear  hereafter.  In  order, 
however,  to  elucidate  this  matter,  I  will  commence  with  the  descriptions  given 
by  Linnaeus  in  the  twelfth  edition  of  his  Systema  Naturae,  the  publication  of 
which  he  superintended  himself  in  the  year  1766,  and  by  Gmelin  in  his  edition 
of  the  year  1798. 

Crotalus  horridus.  Scutis  167,  scutellis  23. 

.  Mus.  Ad.  Frid.,  p.  39.  Brad.  Natur.,  tab.  ix.  fig.  1.  Seba,  Mus.,  vol.  ii.  tab. 
xcv.  fig.  1. 


416  [October, 

This  we  may  say  is  no  description  at  all.  But  referring  to  the  Museum  regis 
Adolphi  Friderici,  we  find  the  following  : 

Crotalus  horridus. — Caput  ad  latera  postice  gibbum.  Frons  tecta  squammis 
obtusissimis,  quarum  elevatus  margo.  Palpebrae  superiores  planae,  magnae.  He 
refers  to  Catesby  for  an  account  of  its  habits,  who  has  described  and  figured  a 
serpent  with  transverse  bands  on  the  back  ;  and  also  to  a  figure  in  Seba’s  Mu¬ 
seum,  vol  ii.  tab.  xcv.,  which  represents  one  with  rhombic  spots.  This  shows 
how  incorrectly  references  to  figures  can  be  made:  “  Quando  que  bonus  dor- 
mitat  Homerus.” 

Gmelin,  in  his  edition,  adds  to  Linnaeus — Bodaert,  Nov.  Act.  Acad.  Caesar., 
vol.  vii.  p.  16 — Crotalus  ’‘maculis  trigonis  fuscis.  Caudisona  terrifica  Laurenti, 
p.  93.  Michael.  Gott.  Mag.  iv.  1,  p.  90. 

This  only  tends  to  make  the  confusion  greater.  The  animal  which  Bodaert 
described  could  not  be  one  with  diamond  shaped  spots  on  the  back  ;  there  is  no 
difficulty  in  distinguishing  a  triangle  from  a  quadrilateral  figure,  it  therefore 
could  not  have  been  a  species  with  rhombic  spots.  In  all  the  individuals  of  the 
species  with  transverse  fasciae,  which  I  have  ever  examined,  these  bands  were 
more  or  less  broken  up,  especially  in  front,  in  which  the  marks  formed  more  or 
less  perfect  chevrons,  and  might  easily  be  called  triangles. 

The  Caudisona  terrifica  of  Laurenti  is  our  North  American  species  with  rhom- 
boidal  spots,  and  is  thus  described  by  the  illustrious  Italian  :  <£  Corpore  carinis 

squammarum  exasperato  (mari)  cinereo-flavo  (feminae)  spadiceo,  maculis  dorsi 
rhomboidalibus,  magnis,  ex  nigro  fuscis,  albo  limbo  cinctis,  apicibus  subcon- 
tiguis,  per  summum  dorsi  caudamque  concatenatis.  Hab.  In  America  infra 
gradum,  elev.  45. 

The  other  species  durissus  is  thus  described  by  Linnaeus  : 

Crotalus  durissos.  Scuta  172,  Scutellis  23. 

Amcenitat.  Acad.,  i.  p.  500.  Seba  Mus.,  ii.  tab.  xcv.  fig.  2.  Gronov.  Mus., 
ii.  p.  70. 

Albo  flavoque  varius,  maculis  rhombeis  nigris  disco  albis.  Gmelin  adds  to 
these  references,  Bodaert,  1.  c.  No.  2,  Crotalus  albus  maculis  rhombeis.  Laurenti, 
p.  93,  Caudisona  durissus.  Weigel,  Act.  Soc.  Hal.,  i.  p.  7.  Catesby,  Carolina, 
ii.  tab.  xli.,  who  figures  a  species  with  transverse  bands,  and  not  with  rhom- 
boidal  marks.  Vosmaer  Monog.  Crotalus  fasciis  collique  duabus  nigris.  Now, 
from  all  this  we  may  collect  that  there  are  three  species  described,  very  distinct 
from  each  other,  but  strongly  mixed  together ;  one  with  rhombic  spots,  the  discs 
of  which  are  white  ;  one  with  rhombic  spots,  the  limb  or  margins  of  which  are 
white  ;  and  one  with  triangular  spots.  I  proceed  now  to  show  what  the  three 
species  are,  and  shall  commence  with  the  first,  of  which  we  have  a  fair  speci¬ 
men  in  our  collection,  which  is  named  C.  horridus, because  it  agrees  with  Seba’s 
figure  as  misquoted  in  the  description  of  that  species,  but  which  agrees  so  well 
with  the  description  of  another,  that  one  would  think  it  never  could  have  been 
mistaken. 

Crotalus  durissus,  Linn. 

Fusco  et  flavo  varius  maculis  per  dorsum  magnis  rhombeis  nigris,  disco  flaves- 
centibus,  non-coricatenatis.  Capite  parte  priore  fascia-inter  oculos  transversa, 
summo  et  cervice  lineis  duabus  longitudinalibus  alteraque  laterali  nigris,  spatiis 
intermediis  flavescentibus.  Scuta  abdominalia  167,  subcaudalia  21,  primo  bifido, 
scutellorumque  ad  basin  crepitaculi  paria  tria. 

Hab.  In  America  meridionali.  Crotalus  durissus  Lin.  Laurenti,  p.  93.  Id. 
Cuvier  Regne  animal  ii.,  p.  67.”  Id.  Lacepede,  ii.  p.  423.  Shaw,  vol.  iii.  p.  333. 
C.  horridus  Daudin,  vol.  v.  p.  311.  Id.  Latreille,  vol.  iii.  p.  186. 

A  very  good  figure  of  this  species  is  found  in  Vosmaer,  which  has  been  copied 
by  Shaw. 

Varied  with  dark  brown  and  yellowish,  with  a  row  of  large  black  rhombic 
spots,  the  discs  of  which  are  yellowish,  down  the  back,  and  which  are  not  joined 
together  or  concatenated  ;  these  rhombs  towards  the  tail  gradually  become  less 
distinct,  until  at  last  they  vanish,  so  that  the  hinder  part  of  the  body  may  be 
aid  to  be  only  varied  with  black  and  yellowish.  The  tail  is  perfectly  black  on 


1853.] 


417 


all  sides;  the  body  beneath  is  yellowish,  varied  and  blotched  with  dusky  more 
distinctly  and  closely  on  the  hinder  part  and  on  the  sides.  Head  very  large,  with 
a  black  stripe  from  the  eye  to  the  corner  of  the  mouth,  and  a  transverse  bar  of 
the  same  color  across  the  head  just  in  front  of  the  eyes,  and  joining  the  former 
stripe  at  the  eye.  Top  of  the  head  and  neck  with  two  longitudinal,  black  stripes, 
and  another  likewise  on  the  side  of  the  neck,  the  intervening  spaces  being  yel¬ 
lowish.  Rostral  plate  triangular,  the  apex  sharp,  pale  brown  or  yellowish  ;  there 
are  two  roundish  yellow  plates  on  each  side  of  this,  and  two  likewise  between 
them  on  the  top  of  the  head,  which  are  brownish  and  triangular,  the  apices  point¬ 
ing  forward ;  behind  them  there  is  a  narrow  transverse  bar  of  yellowish,  and 
another  of  black,  which  is  succeeded  by  a  third  one  of  yellow  formed'of  four 
roundish  scales,  those  near  the  eyes  very  large,  the  other  rather  smaller  ;  the 
head  is  otherwise  covered  with  tolerably  large  scales. 

Length  4  feet  4  inches,  with  three  rattles.  Circumference  of  the  body  8  inches. 

In  the  description  of  Crotalus  durissus,  both  Linnaeus  and  Laurenti  agree  that 
the  rhombs  on  the  back  have  their  discs  white;  and  the  former,  in  the  Amceni- 
tates  Academicae,  says,  that  the  area  between  the  eyes  is  blackish,  and  has  a 
broad  transverse  white  line.  We  ought  not  to  hesitate  one  moment  in  declaring 
that  this  species  is  not  the  horridus.  The  ground  color  of  all  the  specimens 
which  have  been  examined  in  Europe  appears  to  have  faded,  therefore,  the  parts 
of  the  descriptions  relating  to  this  are  of  little  value.  It  may  be  observed  of 
reptiles  in  general,  that  parts  of  the  body  which  when  living  were  black,  fre¬ 
quently  change  to  grey  or  even  white,  when  kept  for  any  length  of  time  in  al¬ 
cohol.  The  specimen  from  which  the  preceding  description  was  taken,  in  parts 
which  were  originally  black  or  dark  brown,  had  become  cinereous  by  the  peeling 
off  of  the  epidermis,  and  if  this  process  had  been  carried  on  for  the  whole  length 
of  the  body,  scarcely  any  of  the  distinguishing  characteristics  would  have  been 
apparent. 

Having  thus  determined  what  the  Crotalus  durissus  of  Linnaeus  is,  I  proceed 
to  describe  the  two  species  which  we  have  in  the  Atlantic  States,  calling  them 
by  their  vulgar  names,  and  leaving  it  to  each  naturalist  to  determine  by  what 
names  they  ought  to  be  distinguished. 

The  pine  barren  rattle  snake. 

Pallide  rufescente  fuscus  ad  nigrum  tendens.  Dorso  fasciis  transversis,  ir- 
regularibus,  serratis,  nigris.  Cauda  nigra.  Corpore  subtus  albescens  maculis 
minimis  nigrascentibus. 

Hub.  Per  totum  Americam  borealem,  provinciis  atlanticis.  Crot.  horridus 
Cuvier,  Regne  Animale.  Id.  Shaw,  vol.  iii.  p.  317.  Id.  Pennant,  Arct.  Zool. 
Suppl.,  p.  87.  Id.  Bodaert,  Nov.  Act.  Acad.  Caes.,  vol.  vii  p.  16.  C.  atricau- 
datus  Daudin,  vol.  v.  p.  316.  Id.  Latreille,  vol.  iii.  p.209.  C.  durissus  Daudin, 
1.  c.  p.  304.  Id.  Latreille,  vol.  iv.  p.  322.  Id.  Holbrook,  Herp.  iii.  p.  9.  Id. 
Dekay,  Zool.  N.  Y.  vol.  ii.  p.  55  and  56.  C.  boiquira  and  horridus,  Palisot  de 
Beauvois,  ^Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Society,  vol.  iv.  p.  368.  Catesby,  ii.  tab.  41. 
A  very  excellent  figure,  shewing  the  animal  in  its  highest  state  of  perfection. 
Above  pale  reddish  brown,  somewhat  duskyish,  frequently  with  a  yellowish  or 
reddish  vertebral  line.  Body  with  numerous  transverse,  irregular,  serrate  fasciae 
of  dusky  or  black,  more  or  less  interruptedly  bordered  with  whitish.  These 
fasciae  gradually  diminish  in  distinctness  towards  the  tail ;  as  the  color  becomes 
darker  or  more  dusky  the  bands  become  entire.  Tail  black  on  all  sides,  barred 
with  paler.  Body  beneath  whitish,  thinly  speckled  with  dusky.  Head  with  a 
broad,  dark  brown  line  extending  from  the  eye  along  the  cheek  to  the  corner  of 
the  mouth;  often,  however,  it  is  almost  entirely  black  ;  eyes  red;  neck  very 
slender,  most  frequently  with  two  short  longitudinal  black  lines  on  the  top. 
Rostral  plate  triangular  ;  supernasals,  one  on  each  side,  externally  rounded;  or¬ 
bital  and  antocular  plates  large.  Scales  of  the  head  small,  resembling  coarse 
shagreen.  Body  beneath  whitish,  thinly  speckled  with  dusky.  Abdominal  scuta 
170  to  178;  subcaudal  18  to  25,  with  two  pair  of  scales  at  the  base  of  the  rattle. 
The  male  is  generally  to  be  distinguished  by  a  black  spot  behind  the  occiput. 


418  [October, 

The  transverse  bars  are  frequently  broken  up,  particularly  in  front,  and  the 
larger  portions  form  perfect  chevrons. 

The  young  are  yellowish,  with  irregular  dusky  marks  on  the  back  and  sides, 
the  larger  ones  being  transverse  ;  none  of  them,  however,  are  serrate,  as  in  the 
older  animals  ;  instead  of  a  rattle  there  is  a  small  button  at  the  end  of  the  tail. 

Grows  to  the  length  of  8  feet ;  one  of  this  size  had  9  rattles,  whilst  another  of 
5  feet  had  14.  Specimens  of  the  rattles  of  these  snakes  have  been  shown  con¬ 
sisting  of  thirty  joints ;  these  are  fictitious,  and  made  by  taking  the  separate 
«  grelots”  from  different  rattles  and  joining  them  together,  for  they  may  be  fitted 
in  such  a  manner  that  the  deception  cannot  be  perceived.  Had  I  not  seen  this 
artificial  junction  made  in  my  presence,  I  should  have  considered  these  long 
<c  crepitacula”  as  really  natural. 

The  oak  ridge  rattle  snake. 

Supra  niger  vel  fuscus,  serie  dorsal i  regulari  rhomboidum  magnorum,  concate- 
natorum,  limbo  albo,  disco  fusco,  variegato  ;  subtus  flavescens,  nigro  variegatus 
et  maculatus. 

Hub.  In  provinciis  australioribus  Caudisona  terrifica  Laurenti,  p.  93.  Cro- 
talus  rhombifer  Daudin,  vol.  v.  p.  325.  Id.  Latreille,  vol.  iii.  p.  197.  C.  ada- 
manteus,  Palisot  de  Beauvois,  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc.,  vol.  iv.  p.  368.  Id.  Hol¬ 
brook,  vol.  iii.  p.  17.  C.  durissus  Pennant,  Arct.  Zool.  Suppl.,  p.  90.  Id.  Shaw, 
vol.  iii.  p.  333,  who  confounds  it  with  the  C.  durissus  ;  of  both  species  furnish¬ 
ing  very  good  figures.  Lacepede,  vol.  ii.  p.  396. 

Above  black  or  brown,  with  a  row  of  large  black  or  dusky  rhomboidal  spots 
on  the  back,  which  on  the  limb  or  margin  are  whitish  or  yellowish,  and  on  the 
disc  mixed  with  brown  ;  these  rhomboids  are  connected  together,  so  that  the 
animal  appears  to  have  two  yellowish  lines  running  down  the  back  and  mutually 
crossing  each  other  from  right  to  left  at  certain  intervals  ;  they  gradually  become 
less  distinct  towards  the  tail  until  they  vanish,  some  of  the  posterior  ones 
changing  into  transverse  bands.  The  sides  of  those  which  are  brown  are  marked 
with  two  rows  of  dusky  spots  ;  those  which  are  black,  of  course,  must  want  these 
spots.  Tail  with  alternate  bars  of  black  and  yellowish,  or  black  and  dusky. 
Body  beneath  yellowish,  mixed  and  spotted  with  dusky.  Head  very  large,  spot¬ 
ted  with  paler,  with  two  yellowish  and  three  black  or  dusky  stripe.s  on  each  side, 
sometimes  entirely  black,  the  top  covered  with  small  scales  resembling  coarse 
shagreen.  Rostral  plate  pen! angular,  wider  and  rounded  at  the  base;  supernasal 
plates  two,  small,  a  larger  quadrangular  space  between  the  rostral  and  nasal ; 
behind  the  rostral  is  a  large  plate  on  each  side,  immediately  behind  these  are 
two  others  ;  the  palpebras  are  large,  transversely  striate ;  antocular  plate  large. 
Abdominal  scuta  170  to  178  ;  subcaudal  23  to  32,  and  4  pair  of  scales  at  the  base 
of  the  rattle. 

Length  6  feet  with  6  rattles. 

I  come  now  to  the  conclusions  which  are  to  be  drawn  from  the  preceding  re¬ 
marks  and  first,  the  so-called  horridus ,  the  Boiquira  and  Cascarella  of  many 
authors,  is  the  durissus  of  Linnaeus.  I  place  little  reliance  on  references  to  en¬ 
graved  figures,  as  in  many  instances  they  are  made  in  a  very  careless  manner. 
Thus, we  find  Linnaeus  quoting  a  figure  in  Seba’s  Museum, which  does  not  tally  with 
descriptions  of  other  authors  quoted  by  himself ;  and  Laurenti,  an  author  in  other 
respects  very  cautious  and  accurate,  refers  to  a  figure  in  Catesby,  of  a  serpent 
with  transverse  bars,  as  representing  one  with  rhombic  spots.  We  are  driven^ 
it  appears  to  me,  into  this  dilemma;  either  the  name  of  horridus  must  be  stricken 
out  from  acknowledged  species,  or  given  to  that  onef  which  is  called  by  so  many 
durissus ,  or,  we  must  call  this  last  one  horridus ,  and  thus  have  the  species  with 
two  distinct  names.  For,  as  I  have  observed  elsewhere,  there  can  be  no  doubt 
of  the  animal,  so  well  described  by  both  Liunaeus  and  Laurenti,  being  durissus. 
Secondly,  as  for  the  other  species,  which  Palisot  de  Beauvois  called  adamanteus , 
and  which  others  have  named  rhombifer ,  &c.,  whether  it  was  known  to  Linnaeus 
cannot  now  be  proven,  although,  for  my  own  part,  I  have  no  doubt  but  that  he 
confounded  it  with  the  South  American  species,  or  it  may  be  the  dryinas  which 
had  lost  its  color.  See  Amcenitatis  Academicae,  vol.  i.  p.  501,  where  he  says 


1853.] 


419 


that  many  names  and  synonyms  which  have  been  given  to  C.  dryinas  will  also 
be  common  to  C.  durissus.  The  name  of  adamanteus  must  be  changed  to 
that  of  terrifieus ,  as  this  last  has  the  priority  in  date  by  thirty  years.  Others 
may  think  otherwise  but 

Rumpat  et  serpens  iter  institutum, 

Si  per  obliquum  similis  sagitta 

Terruit  mannos.  % 

A  few  words  concerning  the  habits  of  these  serpents.  Their  vaunted  gene¬ 
rosity  in  giving  warning  to  those  who  approach  them,  is  a  ridiculous  fable  ;  in 
most  cases  they  inflict  their  deadly  wounds  without  sounding  an  alarm,  and  show 
themselves  extremely  vicious  by  making  unprovoked  attacks  upon  every  thing 
that  comes  within  their  reach.  With  regard  to  their  venom  and  the  many  anti¬ 
dotes  which  at  different  times  have  been  pronounced  infallible,  I  can  safely  de¬ 
clare  that,  in  no  instance  where  the  fang  has  entered  the  body  so  as  to  penetrate 
one  of  the  larger  veins,  has  a  recovery  been  known.  Inevitable  death  is  the 
consequence.  They  tell  us  that  they  cannot  hurt  deer  or  swine  ;  the  reason 
is  obvious  ;  the  first  has  long  legs  with  scarcely  any  muscular  substance  on  them, 
and  therefore  no  veins  of  any  size ;  and  in  the  case  of  the  other,  no  snake’s  fang 
is  long  enough  to  pass  through  the  skin  and  fat  so  as  to  meet  a  part  obnoxious  to 
the  poison.  I  should  have  observed  before,  that  a  complete  solution  of  the  blood 
in  the  whole  body  is  the  immediate  cause  of  death  from  the  bite  of  a  Crotalus. 

Palisot  de  Beauvois,  in  the  Transactions  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society, 
has  said,  that  these  snakes  have  no  fetid  odor  emanating  from  them  ;  that  in  the 
presence  of  any  number  of  them,  no  disagreeable  smell  is  perceptible.  On  the 
contrary,  I  know  from  repeated  experience,  that  their  vicinity  may  generally  be 
discovered  by  the  fetor  which  they  exhale,  and  that  it  is  so  strong  when  proceed¬ 
ing  from  one  that  is  enraged,  as  to  occasion  a  considerable  degree  of  sickness  of 
some  hours  duration.  Most  snakes  emit  a  smell  by  no  means  pleasant ;  this  has 
always  been  known,  and  is  stronger  and  more  deleterious  in  those  which  are 
venomous  than  in  those  which  are  not.  Martial,  in  one  of  his  epigrams,  says  : 
Quod  vulpes  fuga,  viperae  cubile 
Mallemquam  quod  oles  olere  Bassa. 

There  is  another  fact  connected  with  these  snakes  as  well  as  many  others, 
which  has  been  the  subject  of  much  discussion.  I  allude  to  what  has  been  called 
the  power  of  charming  smaller  animals  upon  which  they  prey.  This  has  been 
attributed  to  some  secret  fascinating  powder  in  the  serpent.  It  has  also  been 
attributed  to  the  fright  experienced  at  the  sight  of  so  formidable  an  enemy.  If 
it  be  said  that  the  bird  or  the  squirrel,  in  this  predicament,  fixedly  gazed  upon  by 
the  terrible  eyes  of  the  serpent,  could  easily  make  its  escape,  the  answer  is,  that 
the  unaccountable  behaviour  of  the  poor  victim  arises  from  its  anxiety  for  its 
young.  The  only  instances  in  which  I  have  seen  snakes  endeavoring  to  get  pos¬ 
session  of  birds,  wTas  at  a  time  of  the  year  when  they  had  no  young  to  take  care  of. 
Squirrels  generally  have  their  nests  on  such  lofty  trees  in  our  forests,  that  it  is 
very  doubtful  wrhether  a  snake’s  range  of  vision  could  reach  so  far,  therefore,  it 
must  be  something  more  than  fear  which  can  bring  a  squirrel  dowrn  from  his  se¬ 
cure  habitation,  one  hundred  or  one  hundred  and  fifty  feet  from  the  ground,  to 
become  the  easy  and  unresisting  prey  of  a  serpent.  If  he  should  be  surprised  on 
the  ground,  what  prevents  him  from  ascending  the  next  tree  and  soon  losing  him¬ 
self  among  the  foliage  of  those  which  are  in  the  neighborhood.  I  do  not  attempt 
to  explain  the  thing,  but  call  the  attention  of  the  reader  of  these  observations  to 
the  behaviour  of  cats  to  birds,  and  of  cats  and  dogs  to  men  when  they  wish  to 
obtain  any  thing  from  them.  If  there  is  any  fascination  in  the  steadfast  gaze  of 
the  eyes,  they  attempt  to  employ  it  upon  us. 

It  may  not  be  out  of  the  way  at  the  end  of  these  lines,  to  correct  an  error 
which  is  now  current  among  naruralists,  which  is,  that  the  fangs  in  the  genus 
Elaps  are  always  and  permanently  perpendicular,  and  not  laid  back  as  in  other 
venomous  serpents.  This  is  not  the  case.  Upon  examining  fresh  killed  speci¬ 
mens,  I  find  them  placed  exactly  as  they  are  in  a  rattlesnake,  and  erected  in  the 
same  way  when  they  wish  to  bite,  that  is  by  throwing  back  a  part  of  the  upper 


420 


[October 


jaw;  for  notwithstanding  all  that  has  been  said  of  their  harmless  nature,  they  will 
strike  as  any  other  venomous  snake  will,  as  I  experienced  last  spring  with 
one  of  the  largest  I  have  ever  seen.  Moreover,  in  some  foreign  specimens  of  this 
genus,  if  the  fangs  were  always  perpendicular  in  the  jaw,  the  mouth  would  not 
be  closed  without  their  piercing  entirely  through  the  lower  lip. 


The  Committee  on  Mr.  Girard’s  descriptions  of  new  Reptiles,  reported 
in  favor  of  publication. 


Descriptions  of  neiu  species  of  Reptiles,  collected  by  the  77.  <S.  Exploring  Expedi¬ 
tion ,  under  the  command  of  Capt.  Charles  Wilkes ,  U.  S.  N. 

Second  Part. — Including  the  species  of  Batrachians ,  exotic  to  North  America . 

By  Charles  Gir«ard. 

Taking  for  our  guidance  the  structure  of  the  vomerine  or  palatine  teeth,  that 
of  the  tympanum  and  tongue,  we  have  been  led  to  subdivide  the  genus  Cystigna- 
thus  as  understood  byDumeril  and  Bibron,  in  the  t(  Erpetologie  generale.”  The 
structure  of  the  fingers  and  toes  have  afforded  accessory  characters  which  are 
not  to  be  neglected,  although  comparatively  less  important. 

Leptodactylus,  Fitz _ Vomerine  teeth  disposed  in  two  transverse  series,  each 

constituting  either  an  angular  arch  or  a  regular  curve,  and  situated  behind  the 
inner  nostrils.  Tongue  slightly  notched  posteriorly.  Tympanum  very  distinct. 
Toes  either  provided  with  a  rudimentary  membrane  or  entirely  free. 

Obs. — Leptodactylus  ocellatus,  Fitz.  (C.  ocellatus,  Dum.  and  B.),  L.  la- 
byrinthicus  ( Rana  labyrinthica,  Spix ;  C .  labyrinthicus ,  Dum.  and  B.),  and  L. 
typhonius,  Fitz.  (C.  typhonius ,  Dum.  and  B.),  belong  to  this  genus. 

Cystjgnathus,  Wagl. — Vomerine  teeth  disposed  upon  a  transverse  or  oblique 
row,  more  or  less  interrupted  in  the  middle,  arid  situated  either  between  the 
inner  nostrils  or  behind  them.  Tongue  circular,  subcircular  or  subcordiform, 
posteriorly  entire,  and  either  attached  by  its  whole  surface,  or  very  slightly  free 
behind.  Tympanum  distinct.  Toes  either  bordered  by  a  membranous  fold  or 
slightly  webbed  at  their  base. 

Obs. — Cystignathus  macroglossus,  C.  gracilis  and  C.  roseus  of  Dumeril  and 
Bibron  will  remain  in  this  genus. 

Pleurodema,  Tsch. — Vomerine  teeth  disposed  in  two  oblong  groups  situated 
between  the  inner  nostrils.  Tongue  subcircular,  either  slightly  emarginated  or 
entire  posteriorly.  Tympanum  indistinct.  Toes  either  entirely  free,  or  else 
provided  with  a  rudimentary  membrane  at  their  base  or  along  their  margin.  Skin 
pustulous  or  granular ;  sometimes  a  large  lumbar  gland  on  each  side. 

Obs. — Pleurodema  arunco  ( B/tfo  arunco ,  Schn.)  ;  P.  bibroni,  Tsch.  (C. 
bibroni,  Dum.  and  B.)  ;  P.  btjfonium,  Bell ;  P.  darwinii,  Bell ;  P.  elegans,  Bell, 
and  P.  nodosa  (C.  nodosus ,  Dum  and  B.),  constitute  another  generic  group. 

Crinia,  Tsch. — Vomerine  teeth  either  absent  or  else  existing  in  a  rudimentary 
state.  Tongue  elongated,  subelliptical,  posteriorly  entire,  or  very  slightly 
emarginate.  Tympanum  indistinct  or  hidden  under  the  skin.  Eustachian  tubes 
very  small.  Fingers  and  toes  subcylindrical,  tapering  to  a  point  and  perfectly 
free. 

Obs. — This  genus  as  characterized  above,  may  not  meet  with  the  approba¬ 
tion  of  Erpetologists,  as  combining  species  deprived  of  vomerine  teeth  and 
others  possessing  but  very  few  of  them.  Indeed,  if  we  had  more  than  one 
species  differing  from  the  others  in  similar  characters,  we  should  not  hesitate 
to  make  two  genera  in  the  following  manner : 

Crinia,  Tsch. — Vomerine  teeth  few,  constituting  two  groups  at  the  posterior 
margin  of  the  inner  nostrils.  Tongue  entire,  oblong.  Tympanum  not  very  dis¬ 
tinct.  Eustachian  tubes  quite  small.  Fingers  and  toes  without  membrane. — 
Crinia  georgiana,  Tsch.] 


1853.] 


421 


Ranidella,  Girard. — Palate  without  teeth.  Tongue  elongated,  subelliptica  , 
posteriorly  slightly  emarginated  and  free  upon  one-third  of  its  length.  Tym¬ 
panum  not  visible.  Eustachian  tubes  minute.  Fingers  and  toes  subcylindrical, 
tapering  into  a  point  and  perfectly  free. — Ranidella  signifera,  Girard. 

With  no  specimen  of  Crinia  georgiana  at  our  command,  we  have  been  unable 
to  compare  critically  the  characters  of  Crinias  as  just  subdivided.  For  this 
reason  we  do  not  raise  Ranidella  to  the  rank  of  a  genus  for  the  present.  If  fu¬ 
ture  investigations  do  not  bring  to  light  other  species  of  each  of  these  subdi¬ 
visions,  we  shall  not  hesitate  to  consider  Crinia  georgiana  and  Ranidella  sig¬ 
nifera  as  congeneric  species,  in  which  the  character  of  the  vomerine  teeth  loses 
that  importance  which  it  has  elsewhere. 

Ranidella ,  as  circumscribed  above,  is  related  to  Oxyglossus  and  Leiuperus  in 
the  absence  of  teeth  on  the  palate,  differing  from  both,  however,  in  having  its 
tympanum  entirely  hidden  and  its  toes  perfectly  free. 

Crinia  georgiana  is  an  analogue,  in  Australia,  of  the  South  American  Pleuro- 
demas. 

WAGLERIA,  Girard. — Vomerine  teeth  disposed  on  a  single  and  very  long  trans 
verse  row,  situated  behind  the  inner  nostrils.  Tympanum  small  and  not  very 
distinct.  Toes  bordered  by  a  membranous  fold  in  the  male.  Tongue  but  slightly 
notched  posteriorly. 

Obs. — Wagleria  feronii  ( C .  peronii ,  D.  and  B.),  and  W.  dorsalis  (C.  dor¬ 
salis ,  Gray,  should  the  latter  prove  specifically  distinct  from  the  first),  are  the 
tvro  species  which  constitute  this  genus.  Both  species  are  natives  of  New  Hol¬ 
land,  and  of  the  first,  specimens  were  collected  by  the  Exploring  Expedition 
in  the  south-eastern  part  of  Australia.  The  latter  we  only  know  through  the 
brief  description  of  J.  E.  Gray. 

KASSINA,  Girard. — Vomerine  teeth  disposed  in  two  V-shaped  groups,  situ¬ 
ated  behind  the  inner  nostrils.  Tympanum  not  distinct.  Tongue  cordiform, 
emarginated  behind.  Fingers  free,  the  first  shorter  than  the  second.  Toes  entirely 
deprived  of  membrane.  Skin  perfectly  smooth. 

Obs. — Kassina  senegalensis  ( Cystign .  senegalensis ,  Dam.  and  B.)  is  the  only 
species  hitherto  known  of  this  genus,  the  diagnosis  of  which  may  hereafter  re¬ 
quire  some  slight  modifications,  upon  the  reception  of  other  species  presenting 
the  same  disposition  of  the  vomerine  teeth. 

Thus,  the  genera  Leptodactylns>  Cystignathus  and  Pleurodema  are  American  ; 
the  genera  Wagleria ,  Crinia  and  Ranidella  are  Australian,  and  the  genus  Kassina 
is  African. 

From  want  of  specimens,  and  accuracy  in  their  descriptions,  we  have  not  been 
able  to  determine,  generically,  Cystignathus  aeneus ,  Guich.,  C.  schomburghii, 
Trosch.,  and  C.  sylvestris,  Tsch.,  all  three  from  South  America.  The  latter, 
apparently,  belongs  to  the  genus  Cystignathus  proper,  but  seems  to  be  provided 
with  a  much  smaller  number  of  teeth,  and  likewise  situated  more  anteriorly  than 
is  usually  the  case  in  that  group.  The  visibility  of  the  tympanum  and  the  pre¬ 
sence  of  a  partial  membrane  to  the  toes  are  strongly  suggestive  of  that  genus. 

RaNHX2E. 

1 .  Leptodactylus  serialis,  G. — Greenish  browm  on  the  head  and  back ;  yel" 
lowish  brown  on  the  sides  and  legs,  with  series  of  black  maculae.  A  post-orbital 
vitta  tapering  into  a  point  tovrards  the  shoulder.  Margin  of  the  jaws  maculated 
with  black  and  white.  Vomerine  teeth  disposed  upon  angular  arches.  Tongue 
cordiform,  posteriorly  free  upon  one  third  of  its  length,  slightly  emarginated  at 
both  extremities.  Toes  with  a  rudimentary  membrane  at  their  base  and  along 
their  margin.  Skin  with  indistinct  longitudinal  dorsal  folds,  otherwise  smooth. 

Obs. — Allied  to  L.  typhonius}  but  distinguished  from  the  latter  by  the  struc¬ 
ture  of  the  toes. 

Locality. — Rio  de  Janeiro,  1S39. 


422 


[October, 

2.  Leptodactylijs  caliginosus,  G. — Reddish  brown,  with  indistinct  blackish 
maculae  on  the  back,  more  conspicuous  on  the  hind  legs  ;  a  large  subcordiform 
occipital  macula.  A  post-ocular  vitta  extending  a  little  behind  the  tympanum. 
Vomerine  teeth  in  regular  curves.  Tongue  subelliptical,  elongated,  slightly 
notched  at  both  extremities.  Toes  provided  with  a  rudimentary  membrane  at 
their  base  and  margined  by  a  membranous  fold.  Skin  smooth  in  the  adult,  traces 
of  longitudinal  folds  in  the  young. 

Obs. — Differs  from  the  preceding  species  chiefly  in  the  disposition  of  the 
vomerine  teeth. 

Locality. — Rio  de  Janeiro,  Brazil. 

3.  C ystign athus  PARvuLus,  G. — Yellowish  brown  above,  with  a  deep  chest¬ 
nut  narrow  band  extending  from  the  tip  of  the  snout  to  beyond  the  middle  of  the 
length  of  the  body.  Beneath  unicolor.  Head  subtriangular,  W’edge-shaped.  An¬ 
terior  part  of  the  snout  depressed  and  regularly  inclined  towards  the  margin  of 
the  upper  jaw.  Legs  quite  slender. 

Locality . — Rio  de  Janeiro,  Brazil. 

4.  Cystignathus  nebulosus,  G. — Above,  light  brown,  white  and  clouded 
with  reddish  brown ;  a  large  subtriangular,  occipital,  deep  brown  patch.  A 
post-ocular  vitta  of  the  same  color.  Hind  legs  barred  with  reddish  brown.  Be¬ 
neath  unicolor,  whitish  anteriorly,  reddish  posteriorly.  Vomerine  teeth  in  two 
elongated  groups,  obliquely  situated  bet  ween  the  inner  nostrils  ;  latter  propor¬ 
tionally  large.  Tympanum  not  visible  exteriorly.  Eustachian  tubes  very  minute. 
No  lumbar  glands.  Fingers  and  toes  depressed,  latter  margined  with  a  mem¬ 
branous  fold,  otherwise  smooth.  Two  metatarsal  tubercles.  Tarsus  with  a 
ridge  along  its  inner  margin.  Skin  minutely  granular. 

Locality. — Valparaiso,  Chili. 

5.  Crinia  (Ranidella)  signifera,  G. — Skin  above  subtuberculous,  beneath 
glandulous.  A  spear-shaped  blotch  on  the  head.  A  broad  dorsal,  deep  brown 
band,  forked  anteriorly  to  receive  the  point  of  the  cephalic  spear-shaped  blotch. 
On  each  side  of  the  latter  a  greyish  or  yellowish  grey  narrow  band,  beneath 
which  is  another,  still  narrower,  blackish  brown  band.  Sides  of  abdomen  and 
belly  marmorated. 

Locality. — New  Holland. 

Hyl;e. 

Ranoidea,  Tsch. — Vomerine  teeth  disposed  in  two  groups  situated  between  the 
inner  nostrils.  Tongue  large,  subcircular  or  elliptical,  slightly  notched  poste¬ 
riorly,  and  free  for  about  one-third  or  less  of  its  length.  Tympanum  distinct. 
Eustachian  tubes  of  considerable  development.  Fingers  and  toes  depressed, 
terminated  by  subelliptical  disks,  comparatively  small.  Fingers  perfectly  free  ; 
toes  webbed  to  a  considerable  degree.  A  vocal  subgular  bladder  in  the  male. 

Obs. — The  characters  of  this  genus  when  compared  to  those  of  Hyla ,  may  appear 
negative.  The  general  physiognomy,  which  is  more  ranoid  than  hyloid,  and 
the  smallness  of  the  subdigital  disks,  are  the  two  most  prominent  features  of  this 
group.  The  addition  of  two  species  partaking  of  the  characters  of  the  one,  unique 
when  the  genus  was  made,  will  add  to  the  importance  of  retaining  it  in  the  erpe- 
tological  system.  If  habits  go  for  any  thing  in  the  distinction  of  genera, 
the  fact  that  Ranoidea,  are  more  frequently  seen  about  the  waters  than  on  the 
trees,  would  certainly  have  a  weight  upon  the  question. 

6.  Ranoiuea  resplendens,  G. — Deep  green  above,  maculated  and  streaked 
with  gold.  Head  depressed,  elongated.  Tongue  of  medium  size,  notched  and 
free  posteriorly.  Vomerine  teeth  in  two  transversely  elongated  groups,  situated 
between  the  inner  nostrils  ;  latter  semicircular,  large.  Openings  of  the  Eustachian 
tubes  as  large  as  the  inner  nostrils.  Tympanum  very  distinct,  large,  elliptical. 
Fingers  free.  Toes  webbed  up  to  the  digital  disks ;  membrane  emarginate. 

Locality. — Wollongong  Illawara,  near  the  coast. 

7.  IIanoidea  flavoviridis,  G. — Above  green,  with  a  black  line  along  the  can- 


1853.] 


423 


thus  rostralis,  and  a  black  band  behind  the  eye.  Posterior  parts  of  thighs  purplish, 
with  white  dots.  Head  flat,  discoid.  Tongue  large,  elliptical,  slightly  notched 
and  free  posteriorly.  Vomerine  teeth  in  two  oblong  groups  between  the  inner 
nostrils,  the  latter  being  very  large.  Tympanum  of  medium  size,  circular. 
Fingers  free.  Toes  webbed  to  the  middle  of  the  last  phalanx ;  membrane  slightly 
emarginated. 

Locality. — Wollongong  Illawara;  about  fresh  water  streams. 

Hylarana,  Tsch. — Tongue  elongated,  narrower  in  front,  broad  and  forked 
posteriorly.  Two  groups  of  vomerine  teeth,  between  and  sometimes  a  little 
behind  the  inner  nostrils.  Tympanum  very  distinct.  Eustachian  tubes  of  medium 
size.  Four  fingers  entirely  free;  toes  united  by  a  membrane  to  almost  their 
whole  length  ;  subdigital  disks  of  medium  size. 

Obs. — Hylarana  has  the  priority  over  Lymnodytes ,  therefore  it  is  here  adopted. 
Hylarana  erythrsa  ( Hyla  erythrcea ,  Schleg.)  ;  H.  chalconota  ( Hyla  chal¬ 
conota,  Schleg.),  and  H.  waigiensis  ( Lymnodytes  waigiensis ,  Dum.  and  B.) 

8.  Hylarana  mindanensis,  G. — Uniform  greenish  brown,  lighter  beneath; 
upper  jaw  provided  with  several  darker  spots.  Vomerine  teeth  disposed  in  two 
elongated  groups  or  series,  situated  between  and  behind  the  inner  nostrils.  Skin 
provided  with  small  pustules,  but  showing  no  traces  of  a  lateral  glandulous  chain. 

Locality. — Caldera,  on  Mindanoo. 

HALOPHILA,  Girard. — Vomerine  teeth  forming  two  oblong  groups,  situated 
between  and’ somewhat  behind  the  inner  nostrils.  Tongue  elongated,  lanceolated, 
narrow  anteriorly,  forked  posteriorly,  and  free  for  about  half  its  length.  Tym¬ 
panum  very  distinct.  Eustachian  tubes  of  medium  size.  Four  fingers  entirely 
destitute  of  membrane.  Toes  united  at  their  base  only  by  a  rudimentary  mem¬ 
brane.  Subdigital  and  terminal  disks  either  but  little  or  much  developed. 

9.  Halophtla  heros,  G. — Greenish  brown,  with  a  dorsal  light  and  narrow  line. 
Sides  of  abdomen  and  legs  with  blackish  spots  ;  beneath  dull  brown.  Rudimentary 
membrane  of  the  base  of  the  toes  almost  obliterated.  Subdigital  disks  small  in 
both  pairs  of  limbs. 

Locality. — Sebukea,  Fiji  Islands. 

10.  Halophila  vitiensis,  G. — Uniform  yellowish  orange  when  adult ;  the 
young  yellowish  purple,  with  golden  reflections  on  the  head  and  back,  a  whitish 
line  on  the  middle  of  the  back,  flanked  with  black  maculae  ;  legs  transversely 
barred  with  black.  Rudimentary  membrane  of  the  base  of  the  toes  very  distinct. 
Subdigital  disks  large  in  both  pairs  of  limbs. 

Locality. — Sebuka,  Fiji  Islands. 

11.  Hylqdes  parvus,  G. — Uniform  blackish  brown.  Vomerine  teeth  disposed 
upon  two  elongated  groups  obliquely  situated  behind  the  inner  nostrils.  Tongue 
cordiform,  posteriorly  entire.  Fingers  and  toes  subcylindrical  and  slender. 
Digital  disk  small. 

Locality. — Rio  de  Janeiro,  Brazil. 

12.  Elosia  bufonium,  G. — Vomerine  teeth  in  two  small  oblong  groups,  situated 
obliquely  between  the  inner  nostrils,  in  advance  of  the  posterior  margin  of  these 
openings.  Tongue  discoid,  large.  Tympanum  of  medium  size.  Eyes  large 
and  prominent.  Legs  comparatively  small.  Two  very  small  metatarsal  tubercles, 
and  a  membranous  ridge  along  the  inside  of  the  tarsus.  Skin  quite  smooth, -with¬ 
out  any  pustules  at  all. 

Locality. — Rio  de  Janeiro,  Brazil. 

13.  Elosia  vomerina,  G. — Head  and  back  dusky  brown ;  posterior  part  of 
back  and  legs  maculated.  A  deep  brown  band  extending  from  the  side  of  the 
head  over  the  eye  to  the  side  of  the  back.  Beneath  unicolor.  Vomerine  teeth 
disposed  on  a  transverse  line,  interrupted  in  its  middle,  and  placed  on  a  level 
with  the  anterior  margin  of  the  inner  nostrils.  Tongue  subcircular,  discoid. 
Tympanum  of  medium  size.  Eyes  well  developed.  Legs  long  and  slender.  Two 


424  [October* 

metatarsal  tubercles,  and  a  cutaneous  fold  on  the  inside  of  the  tarsus.  Skin 
smooth. 

Locality . — Rio  de  Janeiro,  Brazil. 

Bufonide. 

14.  Rhinoderma  signifera,  G. — Head  and  body  above  reddish,  dotted  with 
white.  A  few  transverse,  narrow  black  bars  on  the  hind  legs ;  an  elongated 
whitish  spot  behind  the  occiput;  an  elliptical,  greyish,  lumbar  ocellus,  black- 
spotted  posteriorly.  Abdomen  maculated  with  white  and  black.  Toes  elongated, 
webbed  at  their  base  only.  Tubercles  under  the  articulations  of  the  fingers  and 
the  toes. 

Locality. — Rio  de  Janeiro,  Brazil. 

15.  Bufo  lugubrosus,jG. — Head  and  dorsal  region  blueish  black  ;  sides  reddish 
grey  with  black  patches.  Tympanum  black;  limbs  black  spotted.  Beneath 
dull  yellowish  white.  First  finger  longer  than  the  second,  and  almost  as  long  as 
the  third.  Upper  surface  of  head  grooved  from  occiput  to  the  snout.  Eyes  pro¬ 
tected  anteriorly  and  posteriorly  by  an  elevated  ridge.  Tympanum  quite  small. 
Parotids  of  medium  size,  not  very  conspicuous.  Toes  webbed  at  their  base  only. 
Two  metatarsal  tubercles,  and  another  at  the  base  of  the  inner  toe.  A  mem¬ 
branous  ridge  along  the  inner  side  of  the  tarsus.  Skin  glandulous  and  granulated. 

Locality — Valparaiso,  Chili. 

16.  Bufo' gracilis,  G. — Upper  parts  yellowish  brown  :  a  yellow  dorsal  vitta, 
on  each  side  of  which  are  black  angular  and  irregular  spots.  Limbs  marked  with 
blackish  blotches.  Sides  light  yellow.  Beneath  dull  yellow.  First  finger  longer 
than  the  second,  and  almost  as  long  as  the  third.  Upper  surface  of  head,  between 
and  behind  the  eyes,  concave.  Snout  even  above,  and  obliquely  truncated  in¬ 
wardly.  Tympanum  comparatively  large.  Parotids  very  small  and  exiguous  ; 
a  lateral  glandulous  fold  of  the  skin  from  the  parotids  to  the  groins.  Toes 
webbed  only  at  their  base.  Metatarsal  tubercles  inconspicuous.  A  membranous 
fold  along  the  inner  side  of  the  tarsus.  Skin  granular. 

Locality. — Rio  de  Janeiro,  Brazil. 

BUFONELLA,  Girard. — Tongue  elongated,  broadest  posteriorly  and  free  to  a 
certain  extent,  slightly  emarginated  behind.  No  teeth  on  the  palate.  Tympanum 
distinct.  No  parotid  glands.  Four  fingers,  free  and  subcylindrical.  Five  toes, 
of  the  same  form  as  the  fingers,  neither  wTebbed  nor  provided  with  any  rudi¬ 
mentary  membrane. 

Obs. — Allied  to  Bufo ,  Engy  stoma  and  Breviceps. 

17.  Bufonella  crucifera,  G. — Deep  brown  above  ;  back  dotted  with  yellow  ; 
a  yellow  spot  at  the  origin  of  the  arms  ;  a  yellow  band  across  the  head,  over  the 
eyelid,  sending  olf  a  medial  branch  to  the  snout ;  a  yellow  dorsal  vitta  on  the  pos¬ 
terior  half  of  the  body.  Beneath  blackish  brown,  with  large  yellowish  maculee 
under  the  head,  belly  and  legs.  Tip  of  fingers  and  toes  yellow.  Head  and  body 
elongated;  former  depressed;  latter  subcylindrical.  First  finger  shorter  than  the 
second.  Toes  free.  Metatarsal  tubercles  indistinct. 

Locality. — New  Holland. 

METAEUS,  Girard. — Tongue  subelliptical,  entire,  free  posteriorly  for  about 
half  of  its  length.  Palate  without  teeth.  Tympanum  hidden  under  the  skin. 
No  parotid  glands.  Four  fingers  and  five  toes  completely  free.  Two  metatarsal 
tubercles. 

Obs. — Related  to  Engystoma. 

IS.  Metaeus  timidus,  G. — Greenish  brown  above,  maculated  with  brownish 
black.  A  vitta  extends  from  the  snout,  across  the  eye,  to  the  shoulder.  Head 
large,  rounded  on  the  snout.  Fingers  and  toes  subcylindrical.  Skin  provided 
with  small  pustules. 

Locality. — Valparaiso,  Chili. 


425 


1853.] 

The  Committee  on  Dr.  Hoy’s  continuation  of  his  “  Notes  on  the 
Ornithology  of  Wisconsin,”  reported  in  favor  of  publication. 


Notes  on  the  Ornithology  of  Wisconsin. — Water  Birds. 

[Concluded.] 

RALLIDiE,  (6  species.) 

*Gallinula  galeata,  Lick. 

Abundant  as  far  north  as  Lake  Winnebago,  latitude  44®* 

*Fulica  Americana,  Gmel. 

Common  in  all  large  marshes/ 

*Rallus  elegans,  Aud. 

Abundant,  nest  in  the  prairie  slews. 

•Rallus  Virginianus,  Linn . 

Common.  * 

*Ortygometra  Carolina,  Linn. 

Greatly  abundant  spring  and  fall,  a  few  remain  during  summer  to  nest. 
*Ortygometra  noveboracensts,  Lath. 

By  no  means  uncommon.  The  young  of  this  and  the  preceding  three  species 
of  Rail  are  fully  fledged  by  the  15th  of  August. 

GRUIDiE,  (10  species.) 

Grus  Americana,  Forster. 

A  few  white  sandhill  cranes  are  occasionally  seen  in  the  western  part  of  jthe 
State,  near  the  Mississippi,  but  never  approach  the  Lake  shores,  where  the  fol¬ 
lowing  species  is  common.  It  would  appear  that  the  white  is  a  more  southern 
species  than  the  brown. 

*Grus  Canadensis,  Temm. 

Found  on  all  our  large  prairies.  Although  we  have  seen  large  flights  of  these 
birds,  we  never  saw,  or  heard  of,  a  white  individual  within  one  hundred  miles 
of  Lake  Michigan.  A  pair  has  nested  regularly  for  fifteen  years  in  a  swamp 
nine  miles  from  Racine,  (we  have  noticed  them  ourselves  regularly  for  the  last 
seven  years,)  and  they  still  continue  in  color  unchanged.  The  locality  of  this 
nest  is  in  a  few  tussocks  of  grass,  in  the  midst  of  an  almost  impenetrable  swamp, 
the  nest  is  composed  of  coarse  grass,  built  up  in  a  conical  form  eighteen  inches 
or  two  feet  high,  so  situated  that  when  the  parent  bird  sits  upon,  or  rather  astride 
of  this  pyramidal  nest,  her  feet  hang  down  on  either  side  into  the  water.  The 
old  nest  is  regularly  repaired  every  spring. 

Tantalus  loculator,  Linn. 

There  is  a  fine  specimen  of  this  southern  bird  in  the  museum  .of  the  Wisconsin 
State  Historical  Society,  at  Madison,  which  was  shot  near  Milwaukie,  September, 
1852. 

*Ardea  Herodias,  Linn . 

A  common  species. 

*Ardea  virescens,  Linn. 

Not  uncommon  in  the  wooded  swamps  of  the  timbered  districts,  never  met 
with  in  the  prairie  marshes. 

*Botaurus  lentiginoses,  Swains. 

Abundant  in  the  marshes  and  sleios  of  the  prairies.  The  young  are  fully 
fledged  by  the  20th  of  July.  We  have  witnessed  the  bittern  emit  his  peculiar 
call — “  pump-au-gah  the  head  is  drawn  up  to  the'breast,  the  neck  being  much 
dilated,  when  the  first  syllable  pump  is  uttered  in  a  heavy  low  tone,  the  second 
syllable  au  is  emitted  with  a  partial  extension  of  the  neck,  and  the  final  gah  is 
accompanied  with  a  violent  darting  forward  of  the  head  to  the  full  extent  of  his 


426  [October, 

long  neck.  This  ludicrous  performance  is  repeated  three  or  four  times  in 
succession. 

*Ardeot.a  exilis,  Bonap. 

Abundant  on  the  reedy  marshes,  never  found  in  the  dark,  shaded,  woody 
swamps. 

Egretta  leuce,  Jardine. 

A  single  individual  shot  near  Racine,  June,  1851. 

•Egretta  candidissima,  Gntel. 

Not  an  uncommon  species  along  the  borders  of  small  lakes.  Nest  in  commu¬ 
nities,  on  trees  in  Tamarack  swamps. 

Egretta  caerulea,  Jard. 

Shot  one  August  28th,  1848,  on  Root  river. 

CHARADRIADiE,  (6  species.) 

Charadrius  marmoratus,  Wagler. 

Visit  us  in  great  numbers  spring  and  fall. 

Charadrius  melodius,  Ord. 

Occasionally  met  with  in  the  fall,  not  numerous. 

•Charadrius  vociferus,  Linn. 

Common,  arrive  from  18th  to  25th  of  March. 

Charadrius  semipalmatus,  Bonap. 

A  few  only  met  in  May  and  October.  Rare. 

Charadrius  Helveticus,  Linn. 

Not  abundant,  April  and  October. 

Strepsilas  interpres,  Linn. 

Common,  spring  and  autumn. 

SCOLOPACIDJE,  (27  species.) 

Trtnga  alpinus,  Linn. 

Only  met  with  sparingly,  April  and  October. 

Tringa  shinzii,  Brehm. 

A  rare  species  with  us.  Spring  and  fall. 

Tringa  pectoralis,  Bonap. 

We  have  only  noticed  this  species  in  autumn. 

Tringa  rufescens,  Vieill . 

Quite  common  from  September  15th  to  October  10th.  Never  met  in  the 
spring. 

Trtnga  maritima,  Bntnnich. 

Greatly  abundant  from  15th  of  April  to  20th  of  May. 

Tringa  minuta(?),  Leister. 

Not  common.  A  few  found  on  the  borders  of  small  lakes. 

•Tringa  pusilla,  Wils. 

Common.  Nest  in  the  reedy  marshes. 

Tringa  cinerea,  Wils. 

We  have  only  met  this  bird  in  October.  Rare. 

Tringa  semipalmata,  Wils . 

Shot  several  October  1st,  1850.  Rare. 

Tringa  Douglasii,  Swains. 

Shot  two  April  10th,  1848.  Rare. 

Calidris  arenaria,  Illiger. 

Common  on  the  lake  shore  spring  and  fall. 


1853.] 


427 


Tot  an  us  semipalmatus,  Lath. 

We  have  met  this  species  as  late  as  the  10th  of  June.  Not  numerous. 

*Totanus  vociferus,  Wils. 

Abundant.  Nest  in  all  large  marshes. 

•Totanus  flavipes,  Lath. 

Common. 

•Totanus  solitarius,  Wilson. 

Not  uncommon. 

•Totanus  macularius,  Wilson. 

Common. 

•Totanus  Bartramius,  Wilson. 

Abundant.  Nest  on  the  high  rolling  prairies. 

Limosa  fedoa,  Linn. 

Not  an  uncommon  bird.  We  saw  a  pair  on  a  marshy  slew  near  Wisconsin 
river,  June  15th,  1848,  where  they  were  probably  nesting. 

Limosa  Hudsonica,  Lath. 

We  shot  a  single  bird  of  this  well  marked  species  November  1st,  1850. 

Macrorhampus  grjseus,  Leach. 

Found  sparingly  spring  and  fall. 

•Scolopax  Wilsonii,  Temm. 

Common.  Nest  abundantly  with  us. 

•Rusticola  minor,  Vieill. 

The  first  woodcock  noticed  in  this  section  was  in  1847,  since  which  time  they 
have  been  rapidly  on  the  increase. 

Rectjrvirostra  Americana,  Linn. 

We  saw  a  pair  on  a  marsh  near  Fox  river,  July  26th,  1846,  where  they  had 
probably  nested  ;  we  also  met  with  a  small  party  on  the  Des  Piaine,  May,  1847. 

Himantopus  nigricollis,  Vieill. 

Met  a  small  flock  of  these  singular  birds  near  Racine,  April,  1847. 

•Numenius  longirostris,  Wilson. 

Common  on  the  large  thinly  settled  prairies.  We  found  them  nesting  in  abun¬ 
dance  on  Sun  Prairie,  Columbia  county  ;  also  within  six  miles  of  Ceresco. 

•Numenius  Hudsonicus,  Lath. 

Common  spring  and  fall.  We  found  a  few  nesting  near  Fox  Lake,  June  15th, 
1848. 

Numenius  borealis,  Lath. 

Met  with  in  company  with  the  preceding  in  early  spring  and  fall.  Rare. 
PINNATIPEDES,  (2  species.) 

Phalaropus  fulicarius,  Bonap. 

Met  with  a  small  flock  first  of  November,  1847.  Rare. 

♦Lobipes  Wilsonii,  Jar  dine. 

Not  an  abundant  species.  Prof.  S.  F.  Baird  shot  one  near  Racine  July  15th, 
1853.  Nests  sparingly  in  marshes. 

ANATIDAE,  (29  species.) 

•Anser  Canadensis,  Linn , 

Greatly  abundant  spring  and  fall,  and  not  a  few  remain  during  the  summer  to 
nest. 

Anser  hyperboreus,  Gmel. 

This  species  is  seen  late  in  the  fall  in  large  flocks,  numbering  sometimes  not 
less  than  two  hundred. 


59 


428 


[October, 


Anser  albifrons,  Beckst. 

Met  in  large  numbers  spring  and  fall. 

Anser  leucopsis,  Bechst. 

In  December,  1850,  there  was  a  single  barnacle-goose  kept  about  the  harbor 
for  two  weeks. 

Anser  bernicla,  Linn. 

Occasionally  met  on  the  lake  shore.  Rare. 

Anser  Hutchinsti,  Rich. 

Large  flocks  of  this  species  occasionally  visit  us  in  the  fall,  rarely  seen  in  the 
spring. 

Cygnus  Americanus,  Sharpless. 

Visit  us  regularly  spring  and  fall. 

Cygnus  buccinator,  Rich. 

This  larger  swan  is  frequently  seen,  and  occasionally  shot  in  our  vicinity. 
*Anas  clypeata,  Linn. 

Not  uncommon.  A  few  nest  in  the  prairie  slews. 

*Anas  boschas,  Linn. 

Common. 

•Anas  obscurus,  Gmel. 

Numerous  in  the  interior — seldom  visit  the  lake. 

Anas  strepera,  Linn. 

Shot  2d  March,  1848,  the  only  specimens  we  ever  met  with. 

Dafila  acuta,  Linn. 

Common  only  early  in  spring  and  late  in  the  fall, 

Mareca  Americana,  Gmel. 

Abundant. 

•Querquedula  discors,  Linn. 

Very  abundant.  Nest  in  all  the  large  slews. 

•Querquedula  Caroliensis,  Steph. 

Common. 

•Dendronessa  sponsa,  Linn. 

Common. 

Fuligula  rubida,  Wilson. 

Met  occasionally  fall  and  spring.  Not  abundant. 

Fuligula  valisneria,  Wilson. 

Rarely  met.  March  and  October. 

Fuligula  ferina,  Linn. 

Not  uncommon. 

•Fuligula  marila,  Linn 
Common. 

•Fuligula  rufitorques,  Bonap. 

Common.  Nests  on  the  borders  of  grassy  lakes. 

Clangula  vulgaris,  Fleming. 

Common  on  the  lake  in  winter  and  early  spring. 

Clangula  albeola,  Linn. 

Common. 

Clangula  histrionica,  Linn. 

One  shot  in  Racine  harbor  December  15th,  1851.  Rare. 


1853.] 


429 


Harelda  glacialis,  Linn. 

Common  on  the  lake  during  winter  and  early  spring. 

•Merges  merganser,  Linn. 

Common.  Remain  during  winter. 

•Mergus  serrator,  Linn. 

Common.  A  few  nest  with  us. 

•Mergus  cucculatus,  Linn. 

Abundant.  Nest  on  the  reedy  flats. 

PELACANIDiE,  (2  species.) 

Phalacrocorax  dilofhus,  Swain. 

Occasionally  visit  our  rivers  and  small  lakes.  Rare. 

Pelecanus  onocrotaltts,  Linn. 

About  the  10th  of  March  the  pelicans  arrive,  and  after  spending  a  few  days  in 
the  small  lakes,  go  further  north. 

LARIDiE,  (9  species.) 


Sterna  cay  an  a,  Lath . 

Rarely  visit  us. 

•Sterna  nigra,  Linn. 

Abundant  about  lakelets  and  marshes.  Never  found  on  Lake  Michigan. 
Sterna  anglica,  Montague- 

We  have  but  seldom  met  the  marsh  Tern  in  this  vicinity. 

•Sterna  hirundo,  Linn. 

Abundant.  Nest  on  a  small  rocky  island  in  the  northern  part  of  Lake 
Michigan. 

Larus  Franklinii,  Rich. 

Visit  us  only  in  severe  winters.  Rare. 

Larus  Bonapartii,  Rich. 

Associate  with  the  common  Tern  fall  and  spring  in  great  numbers. 

Larus  glaucus,  Brunnich. 

Another  rare  winter  visiter. 

•Larus  argentatus,  Brunnich. 

The  common  gull  of  the  lakes.  Nest  on  a  rocky  island  in  company  with  the 
common  Tern. 

Larus  zonorhynchus,  Rich. 

A  rare  species  with  us.  Mr.  Samuel  Circum  has  a  specimen  shot  at  Milwaukie. 

COLYMBIDiE,  (5  species.) 

•Colymbus  glacialis,  Linn. 

Common. 

Colymbus  septentrionalis,  Linn. 

Not  uncommon  during  winter. 

PODICEPS  RUBRICOLLIS,  Lath. 

Only  found  in  winter.  Rare. 

Podiceps  cornutus,  Linn. 

Common  spring  and  fall. 

•Podiceps  Caroliensis. 

Common.  Nest  in  marsht  * 


430 


[October, 

On  leave  granted,  Dr.  Le  Conte  presented  Tor  publication  a  paper  by 
Profs.  W.  H.  Harvey  and  J.  W.  Bailey,  on  new  species  of  Diatomacese, 
collected  by  the  U.  S.  Exploring  Expedition;  which  was  referred  to 
Drs.  Leidy,  Le  Conte,  and  Zantzinger. 

The  Committee  stated  that  the  paper  had  already  been  examined  and 
was  approved  by  them,  and  they  accordingly  reported  in  favor  of  its 
publication  in  the  Proceedings. 


New  species  of  Diatomacetz,  collected  by  the  United  States  Exploring  Expedition, 
under  the  command  of  Capt.  Wilkes ,  U.  S.  N. 

By  Professor  W.  H.  Harvey  and  Professor  J.  W.  Bailey. 

The  species  of  Diatomaceae  here  described  as  new,  together  with  the  other 
species  included  in  the  list  on  page  431,  were  detected  either  as  parasites  upon 
Algae,  or  entangled  in  mud  adhering  to  shells,  algae,  &c.,  brought  home  by  the 
Exploring  Expedition  under  the  command  of  Capt.  Wilkes. 

1.  Amphitetras  favosa, -Harvey  et  Bailey.  Loricis  tabularibus  ;  lateribus 
vix  concavis,  primario ;  secundario  quadrangulo,  angulis  fere  rectis  vix  productis, 
superfice  cellulis  magnis  hexagonis  tessellata.  Hob.  Mindanao. 

2.  Amphitetras  Wilkesii,  H.  et  B. ;  loricis  'prismatico-tabularibus,  lateri¬ 
bus  concavis,  primario  longitudinaliter  striato-punctato  medio  transversim  zo- 
nato  ;  secundario  quadrangulo,  angulis  productis  rotundatis,  superficie  cellulis 
minutis  in  lineas  simplices  furcatasque  dispositis  notata,  prominentiis  jugalibus 
punctulatis.  Hab.  Puget’s  Sound. 

3.  Aulacodjscus  OregaNus,  H.  et  B. ;  lorica  prominentiis  tredecim  intra- 
marginalibus  instructa,  a  quibus  tot  radii  fere  ad  umbonem  procurrent;  super¬ 
ficie  prreter  umbonem  glaberrimum,  minute  punctata  iridescente.  Hab.  Puget’s 
Sound. 

4.  Campylodiscus  Kutzingii,  H.  et  B. ;  sellaeformis  late  marginata  sulcis  sub- 
quinquaginta  transversis  continuis  curvatis  impressa.  Hab.  Mindanao. 

5.  Cocconeis  Parmula,  H.  et  B. ;  late  elliptica,  linea  media  longitudinali 
notata,  utroque  latere  costis  (vel  sulcis)  transversis  magnis  10-12  irregularibus 
impressa;  superficie  transversim  striuto-granulata.  Hab.  Tahiti. 

6.  Cocconeis  rhombifera,  H.  et  B. ;  late  elliptica  vel  suborbicularis  linea 
media  oblique-longitudinali  sigmoidea  areolam  glabratam  percurrente  quae  apice 
et  basi  attenuata  est,  et  versus  umbonem  in  rhombi  formam  ampliata  ;  superficie 
decussatim  et  transversim  punctata.  Hab.  Puget’s  Sound. 

7.  Cocconeis  sulcata,  H.  et  B. ;  late  elliptica  vel  suborbicularis  transversim 
sulcata,  subcis  30-40  arcuatis.  Hab.  Puget’s  Sound. 

8.  Hyalosira  punctata,  H.  et  B. ;  loricis  magnis  in  catenas  longas  co-ordi- 
natis  rectangulis  subquadratis  transversim  interrupts  vittatis ;  vittis  medio  loricne 
alternantibus  granulatis,  alternis  serie  punctarum  insignium  ornatis.  Hab. 
Tahiti. 

9.  Isthmia  minima,  H.  et  B. ;  zona  transversali  subtilissime  decussatim  punc¬ 
tata,  lateribus  (secundariis)  cellulis  magnis  granulata.  Hab.  Rio  Janeiro  and 
Sooloo  Sea. 

10.  Triceratium  concavum,  H.  et  B. ;  lorica  lateribus  valde  concavis  angulis 
rotundatis,  superficie  triquetra  cellulis  minutis  in  lineas  radiantes  simplices  fur¬ 
catasque  co-ordinatis  notata  ;  prominentiis  jugalibus  punctulatis.  Hab.  Tahiti. 

11.  Triceratium  gibbosum,  II.  et  B. ;  parvum,  fere  inflato-globosum,  lateribus 
valde  convexis,  angulis  prominentibus,  superficie  ut  in  T.  concavum  notata. 
Ilab.  Tahiti. 

12.  Triceratium  orientale,  H.  et  B. ;  magnum;  lateribus  convexis  angulis 


1853.] 


431 


productis  obtusis,  superficie  triquetra  "ellulis  magnis  hexagonis  favosa.  Hab. 
Mindanao. 

13.  Triceratium  Wilkesii,  H.  et  B. ;  lorica  lateribus  convexiusculis  angulis 
rotundatis,  superficie  ut  in  T.  concavum  notata.  Hab.  Puget’s  Sound. 

Appendix. 

14.  Lagena  Williamson i,  H.  et  B.  ;  testa  bicellulosa,  cellulis  diversis,  infe- 
riore  ellipsoidealongitudinaliter  costata  in  isthmum  infundibuliformem  attenuata, 
et  ad  cellulam  superiorem  glabram  semi-lagenaeformem  (vel  inverse  infundi¬ 
buliformem)  ferruminata  ;  collo  breviusculo  rGcto,ore  subampliato.  Hab.  Min¬ 
danao. 


List  of  Diatomacece,  collected  by  the.  United  States  Exploring  Expedition  render 
Capt.  WilJccs,  U.  S.  N. 

By  Prof.  J.  W.  Bailey. 

Although  no  collection  of  the  Diatomaceae  was  purposely  made  by  the  Ex¬ 
ploring  Expedition,  a  careful  examination  of  various  specimens  of  marine  mud, 
&c.  adhering  to  the  algae,  shells,  &c.,  which  were  brought  home  by  Capt.  WBkes, 
was  rewarded  by  the  discovery  of  many  interesting  forms,  a  list  of  which  is  here 
given  in  the  order  of  their  geographical  distribution. 


Puget’s  Sound,  Oregon. 
Diatomaceae. 


Actinoptychus  senarius,  Ehr. 
•Aulacodiscus  Oreganus,  H.  et  B. 
•Amphitetras  Wilkesii,  H.  et  B. 
Arachnoidiscus  Ehrenbergii,  Bailey. 
♦Cocconeis  rhombifera,  H.  et  B. 

*  ££  sulcata,  H.  et  B. 

Coscinodiscus  oeulus-iridis,  Ehr. 

££  radiatus  ££ 

“  excentricus  ££ 

Epithemia  gibberula,  Kiitz. 
Grammatophora  angulosa,  Ehr. 

“  stricta,  <e 


Grammatophora  undulosa,  Ehr. 

Isthmia  obliquata 

Rhabdonema  arcuatum,  Kiitz. 

Surirella  fastuosa,  Ehr. 

^Triceratium  Wilkesii,  H.  et  B. 

Spongiolites ,  fyc. 

Spongiolites  Agaricus,  Ehr. 

Dictyocba  splendens,  Ehr.  This  is  now 
known  to  be  a  calcareous  plate  from  a 
species  of  Synapta.  It  dissolves  in 
acids,  and  polarizes  light. 


San  Francisco ,  California,. 
Arachnoidiscus  Ehrenbergii,  Bail. 

Cocconeis  scutellum,  Ehr. 

Gomphonema  minutissima,  Ehr. 


Terra  del  Fnego. 

Entopyla  australis,  Ehr. 

Grammatophora  serpentina,  Ehr. 

«e  stricta  “ 


Climacosphaenia  australis,  Kiitz. 
Grammatophora  oceanica,  Ehr. 
•Isthmia  minima,  H.  et  B. 


Rio  Janeiro. 

Dictyocha  splendens,  Ehr. 

Spongiolites  anchora,  <£ 

Both  of  these  come  from  the  calcareous 
particles  of  an  Echinoderm  (Synapta). 


Stauroptera  aspera,  Ehr. 
Cocconeis  scutellum,  ££ 
Actinoptychus  senarius,  Ehr. 


Valparaiso . 

Gallionella  sulcata,  Ehr. 
Grammatophora  hamata,  Ehr 
Dictyocha  speculum,  ££ 


432 


[October, 


Phillipine  Islands . 


*Amphitetras  favosa,  H.  et  B. 
Amphora  libyca,  Ehr. 
♦Campylodiscus  kutzinsii,  H.  et  B. 
Coscinodiscus  linearis,  Ehr. 
Denticella  Biddulphia,  “ 

Gallionella  sulcata,  “ 

Grammatophora  oceanica,  Ehr. 


Navicula  elongata,  Ehr. 

££  Lyra,  “ 
Pinnularia  didyma,  £C 
Surirella  fastuosa  ££ 
Tetragramma  asiatica,  Ehr. 
♦Triceratium  orientate,  H.  et  B. 
Dictyocha  splendens. 
Spongiolites  Agaricus. 


Sooloo  Sea. 


Coscinodiscus  excentricus,  Ehr. 

(<  marginatus  ££ 

Gallionella  sulcata,  ££ 

Grammatophora  oceanica,  u 
♦Isthmia  minima,  H.  et  B-. 


Surirella  fastuosa,  Ehr. 

Triceratium  Favus,  Q.  acuminatus,  Bail. 
Spongiolites  Agaricus,  Ehr.  In  situ, 
forming  bunches  in  the  tissue  of  a 
sponge. 


Wilson’s  Island. 
Poumouta  Group. 


Climacosphaenia  australis,  Kiitz. 
Podoeystis  adriatica,  Kiitz. 

Climacosphaenia  australis,  Kiitz. 
♦Cocconeis  Parmula,  H.  et  B. 
Denticella  Biddulphia  ?  Ehr. 
Grammatophora  oceanica,  Ehr. 
Gallionella  sulcata,  ££ 

♦Hyalosira  punctata,  H.  et  B. 


Stauroptera  aspera,  Ehr. 
Pinnularia  didyma,  £t 

Tahiti. 

Navicula  Sigma,  Ehr. 

Podoeystis  adriatica,  Kiitz. 
Stauroptera  aspera,  Ehr. 
Triceratium  concavum,  H.  et  B. 
Epithemia  musculus,  Kiitz. 


Tongataboo. 

Denticella  Biddulphia  ?  Ehr.  Grammatophora  oceanica,  Ehr. 

Epithemia  musculus,  Kiitz.  Synedra  superba,  Kiitz. 


New  Zealand . 

A  large  collection  of  marine  Algae  from  New  Zealand  was  examined,  but  no 
Diatomaceae  could  be  detected  adhering  to  them. 


Those  marked  thus  (*)  are  believed  to  be  new,  and  are  described  on  page  430. 


1853.] 


433 


November  1,  1853. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

Communications  were  read 

From  the  American  Philosophical  Society,  dated  Oct.  7th,  1853  ;  from 
the  Institute  of  France,  dated  Paris  22d  Sept.,  1853  ;  from  the  Royal 
Academy  of  Sciences  of  Amsterdam,  dated  4th  Oct.,  1853,  severally  ac¬ 
knowledging  the  receipt  of  the  Proceedings  of  the  Academy. 

From  the  Royal  Bavarian  Academy,  dated  Munich,  4th  June,  1853  \ 
from  the  Wurtemburg  Society  of  Natural  History  ;  from  the  Imperial 
Academy  of  Sciences  of  Vienna,  dated  14th  Feb.  1853  ;  from  the  Acad- 
C.  L.  C.  Nat.  Curiosorum,  dated  Breslau,  20th  April,  1853 ;  from 
Prof.  E.  G-rube,  of  Dorpat,  through  Prof.  Fliigel,  of  Leipsic,  dated  July 
8th,  1853,  severally  transmitting  donations  to  the  Library  announced 
this  evening. 

From  Commander  Marston,  U.  S.  Navy,  dated  Philadelphia,  Oct.  19, 
1853,  accompanying  specimens  of  colored  clay  dredged  from  the  bottom 
of  the  Delaware  River  near  the  Navy  Yard. 

From  Dr.  Samuel  Webber,  of  Charlestown,  New  Hampshire,  dated 
Oct.  12th,  1853,  addressed  to  Dr.  Elwyn,  transmitting  specimens  of 
fishes  infested  with  a  species  of  Distoma. 

From  the  Rev.  Charles  Fox,  dated  Detroit,  Michigan,  Oct.  14,  1853, 
acknowledging  the  receipt  of  his  notice  of  election  as  a  Correspondent. 

From  Mr.  Wm.  E.  Moore,  dated  Fort  des  Moines,  Iowa,  Oct.  15th, 
1853,  desiring  exchanges.  Referred  to  the  Curators. 

Dr.  Leidy  stated  that  the  nodular  bodies  imbedded  in  the  tails  and  fins 
of  the  fishes  presented  by  Dr.  Webber  of  Charlestown,  N.  H.,  were  most 
probably  indurated  entozoon  sacs.  Many  ponds  and  lakes  contain  a  mi¬ 
nute  worm,  resembling  in  general  form  a  tadpole,  belonging  to  the  genus 
Cercaria.  The  species,  after  living  for  some  time  in  the  water,  attach 
themselves  to  fishes  and  other  living  animals,  and  after  losing  the  tail, 
form  for  themselves  cysts  in  the  integuments,  and  subsequently  become 
transformed  into  a  parasitic  worm  of  the  genus  Distoma. 


November  8th. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

A  letter  was  read  from  the  Rev.  A.  Constantine  Barry,  dated  Racine, 
Wisconsin,  Oct.  28th,  1853,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  his  notice  of 
election  as  a  Correspondent. 

Also  a  letter  from  Dr.  Wagner,  dated  Munich,  October  18, 1853,  ac¬ 
knowledging  the  receipt  of  his  notice  of  election  as  a  Correspondent. 

Dr.  Leidy  read  the  following  letter  from  Dr.  Robt.  W.  Gibbes,  of 
Columbia,  S.  C. — 

“  For  many  years  I  endeavored  to  procure  for  my  friend  Dr.  Morton,  skulls 
from  the  ancient  mounds  of  South  Carolina,  but  the  bones  were  always  found 
decayed.  I  have  opened  many  of  them  in  different  parts  of  the  state,  and  found 
stone  relics  in  good  preservation,  but  the  bones  usually  in  fragments.  The  long 
bones  are  sometimes  perfect,  but  the  crania  are  generally  in  a  crumbling  state. 

PROCEED.  ACAD.  NAT.  SCI.  OF  PHILADELPHIA,  VOL.  VI.,  NO.  XII.  60 


484  [November. 

In  1847,  I  procured  from  a  mound  in  the  Wateree  Swamp  in  Richland  District 
part  of  a  cranium,  which  I  forwarded  to  Dr.  Morton,  and  of  which  he  wrote  me  : 

((  The  skull  is  valuable  in  my  series,  as  it  is  the  only  adult  with  the  teeth  that 
I  have  ever  possessed.” 

During  a  heavy  freshet  in  the  Congaree  River  in  August,  1852,  several  In¬ 
dian  cemetries  on  its  banks  were  exposed,  and  many  explorations  were  made 
with  a  view  to  the  collection  of  their  remains.  Numerous  hones  were  found, 
with  many  stone  implements,  but  no  crania,  except  the  subject  of  this  notice. 
For  it  I  am  indebted  to  my  friend  Col.  F rank  Hampton,  who  found  it  on  the  wood¬ 
lands  Estate  of  his  father  a  few  miles  below  Columbia.  A  high,  dry  sandy 
bluff  was  undermined  by  the  current  and  fell,  exposing  an  ancient  burial  place 
in  which  bones  and  stone  relics  with  earthen  burial  urns  were  abundant.  This 
single  skull  was  found  in  good  preservation,  in  a  dry  spot,  and  next  *lay  fortu¬ 
nately  the  lower  maxilla  was  discovered  a  few  feet  off.  It  belonged  to  an  aged 
man,  and  the  hole  in  the  right  parietal  bone  indicates  that  it  was  caused  by  vio¬ 
lence.  A  portion  of  the  upper  maxilla  on  each  side  is  broken,  as  is  the  lower 
part  of  the  occipital  bone,  but  the  cranium  is  sufficiently  perfect  to  present  an  ad¬ 
mirable  specimen  of  the  aboriginal  American,  of  the  Toltecan  variety  of  Dr. 
Morton.  In  its  dimensions,  in  some  of  them,  it  is  larger  than  the  fine  cranium 
(1512,  Morton’s  Catalogue,)  from  Ohio.  The  elevation  is  about  the  same,  but 
the  longitudinal  and  interparietal  diameters,  the  intermastoid  line,  and  the  inter- 
mastoid  arch  are  greater.  The  frontal  bone  is  more  flattened,  and  the  occiput 
equally  so — the  facial  bones  are  well  developed,  and  an  important  value  is  given 
to  the  specimen  by  the  ponderous  lower  jaw,  which  is  wanting  in  that  from  Ohio. 
A  number  of  stone  specimens  were  found  at  the  same  time — mostly  such  as  are 
figured  in  the  work  of  Sqtjier  and  Davis,  pp.  217 — 18  and  237.  Several  of  these 
are  forwarded  with  the  cranium — as  well  as  some  long  bones. 

1  take  great  pleasure  in  adding  this  skull  to  the  Morton  Collection  of  the  Aca¬ 
demy,  and  to  congratulate  our  members  on  the  possession  of  that  noble  monument 
of  its  late  lamented  President — his  life-labor  of  love.  It  is  a  fortunate  privilege 
that  I  have  in  being  able  to  make  a  contribution  to  it,  in  memory  of  one  whoie 
loss  has  been  so  deeply  felt  by  the  scientific  world.” 

Dr.  Wetherill  exhibited  two  specimens  of  iron  crystallized  from 
slags  obtained  from  furnaces  in  this  State  :  one  of  these  presented  a 
decided  octahedral  form,  and  the  other  was  dendritic. 

Dr.  Wetherill  also  referred  to  a  peculiar  deposit  which  he  had  noticed 
on  pigs  of  iron.  This  deposit  was  in  needle-shaped  crystals  with  their 
points  next  the  metal,  and  their  bases  outwards,  presenting  a  velvety  ap¬ 
pearance.  It  was  evidently  an  aluminous  mineral. 

Dr.  Wetherill  had  also  found  at  Allentown,  Pennsylvania,  the  copper- 
colored  cubes  of  the  so-called  Titanium,  consisting  of  the  Cyanuret  and 
Nitruret  of  Titanium. 


November  15  th. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

Letters  were  read — 

From  Prof.  Joseph  Henry,  dated  Smithsonian  Institution,  Nov.  10th, 
1853,  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  late  Nos.  of  the  Proceedings. 

From  Dr.  J.  J.  Von  Tschudi,  dated  Vienna,  20th  April  1853,  trans¬ 
mitting  a  copy  of  his  Memoir  on  the  Peruvian  Language. 

Mr.  C.  Girard  presented  a  paper  entitled  “  Researches  upon  Nemer- 
tians  and  Planarians,”  intended  for  publication  in  the  Journal.  Referred 
to  Dr.  Ruschenberger,  Dr.  Goddard,  and  Dr.  Brinton. 


1853.] 


435 


November  22 d. 

Mr.  Ord,  President,  in  the  Chair. 

Letters  were  read — 

From  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania,  dated  Nov.  15,  1853  ; 
from  the  Royal  Geographical  Institute  of  Vienna,  dated  August  21, 
1853  ;  and  from  the  Royal  Academy  of  Sciences  of  Stockholm,  dated 
July  7,  1853,  severally  acknowledging  the  receipt  of  the  Proceedings. 

From  the  Royal  Geological  Institute  of  Vienna,  dated  August  21, 
1853  ;  from  the  Imperial  Academy  of  Sciences  of  Vienna,  dated  August 
24,  1853,  and  from  Dr.  M.  Roue,  addressed  to  Mr.  Isaac  Lea,  severally 
accompanyingMonations  to  the  Library  announced  this  evening. 

Dr.  S.  Weir  Mitchell  read  a  paper  entitled  i(  On  the  effect  of  some 
states  of  Respiration  upon  the  Pulse  which  was  referred  to  Dr.  Leidy, 
Dr.  Hallowell  and  Dr.  Ruschenberger. 

Mr.  Lea  remarked  that,  when  recently  in  Paris,  he  had  found  the 
original  specimen  of  Mulleria ,  described  by  Ferussac  in  1823,  and  again 
described  by  D’Orbigny  as  Acostsea ,  which  identity  Mr.  Lea  had  pointed 
out  in  a  paper  read  before  the  Academy  in  1851,  and  published  in  Part 
2,  Vol.  2,  New  Series  of  the  Journal.  The  specimen  alluded  to  pos¬ 
sessed  the  appended  bivalve  shell  which  belonged  to  D’Orbigny’s  spe¬ 
cimen. 

Mr.  Lea  also  stated  that  the  Reptiles  referred  to  by  Dr.  Mantel],  as 
occurring  in  the  Old  Red  Sandstone  of  the  North  of  Scotland,  were  now 
believed  to  be  of  a  much  later  date. 


November  29th. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

The  Committee  on  Mr.  Girard's  paper — “  Researches  upon  Nemer- 
teaus  and  Planarians  — reported  in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Journal. 

The  Committee  on  the  following  paper  by  Dr.  Mitchell,  reported  in 
favor  of  publication. 

On  the  influence  of  some  states  of  Respiration  upon  the  Pulse . 

By  S.  Weir  Mitchell,  M.  D. 

I  desire  to  offer  to  the  Academy  an  abstract  of  a  paper  upon  the  influence  of 
some  states  of  respiration  on  the  pulse.  As  the  original  paper  will  shortly  ap¬ 
pear  at  length  in  the  American  Journal  of  Medical  Science,  I  shall  be  as  brief  as 
possible. 

Laborious  respiration  may  be  studied  under  four  heads. 

1.  The  movement  of  inspiration,  thorax  in  motion. 

2.  Complete  and  full  inspiration,  thorax  at  rest. 

3.  The  movement  of  expiration,  thorax  moving. 

4.  Complete  expiration,  thorax  at  rest. 

The  dynamical  relations  of  the  blood  to  the  heart  and  lungs  will  vary  in  each 
of  these  cases. 

During  inspiratory  movement  the  lung  is  expanded,  and,  while  air  passes  into 
its  cells,  the  blood  of  the  greater  vessels  and  of  the  two  hearts  tends  to  enter  its 
sponge-like  tissue,  under  the  influence  of  atmospheric  pressure.  A  reverse  pro¬ 
cess  occurs  in  expiration,  and  some  blood,  as  well  as  most  of  the  air  is  driven  out 
of  the  lung. 


436 


[November, 


Daring  prolonged  inspiration,  therefore,  the  left  heart  receives  but  little  blood. 
In  the  state  of  expiration,  on  the  contrary,  it  receives  a  larger  share.  But  the 
heart’s  movements  are  to  some  extent  regulated  by  the  amount  of  blood  which 
enters  its  cavities,  and  hence  we  have  in  inspiratory  movements  a  slow  pulse,  and 
in  expiratory  action  a  quick  pulse.  Such  are,  to  a  certain  extent,  the  explanations 
of  Dr.  J.  Reid,  who  noticed  the  phenomena  in  question,  during  his  vivisections. 
I  have  found  no  occasion  to  contradict  his  conclusions,  and  my  own  explanations 
go  to  prove  what  that  great  physiologist  merely  inferred.  I  have  also  made  cer¬ 
tain  novel  applications  of  this  knowledge,  such  as  will  be  found  in  my  paper,  de¬ 
tailed  at  some  length. 

I  have  observed  the  above  mentioned  phenomena  on  animals,  and  even  in  the 
unusually  prolonged  respiratory  movements  of  a  few  human  subjects. 

During  fixed  inspiration  the  pulse  lowers,  in  a  large  proportion  of  men.  In 
fixed  expiration,  on  the  contrary,  the  pulse  rises.  Thus,  an  average  of  40  cases 
gave  the  following  results  : — 

Normal  pulse  80,  inspiratory  pulse  70,  difference  10  ;  expiratory  pulse  93  ;  ex¬ 
cess  over  normal  pulse,  13  beats  ;  extreme  of  numeral  difference  between  the  in¬ 
duced  pulses,  23. 

Of  the  40  pulses  thus  recorded,  during  fixed  inspiration,  6  fell,  over  20  beats, 
8  fell,  over  12  and  18,  5  or  over  5  beats,  per  minute. 

Some  of  the  most  extreme  cases  are  yet  more  remarkable.  Thus  pulses  of 
108,  96  and  92,  fell  respectively,  49,  28  and  26,  per  minute.  The  largest  rise  in 
fixed  expiration  was  36  pulsations  per  minute;  the  normal  pulse  being  83.  In  a 
case  of  hypertrophy  of  the  heart,  with  a  pulse  of  80,  it  fell  so  much  in  fixed  in¬ 
spiration  and  rose  so  much  in  a  like  expiratory  condition,  as  to  make  a  total  dif¬ 
ference  of  fifty  pulsations  between  the  two  states. 

For  more  minute  information,  I  refer  to  the  paper  above  mentioned. 

I  offer  the  following  explanation  of  the  facts  thus  recorded. 

It  is  possible  that  nerve  power  may  in  some  way  assist  in  producing  the  re¬ 
sults  :  of  this,  I  have  no  direct  evidence.  In  asphyxia,  the  heart  beats  rapidly  at 
first,  becoming  slow,  as  the  circulation  is  cheeked  in  the  capillaries  of  the  lungs. 
In  this  stage  of  asphyxia,  the  right  heart  is  congested  and  the  left  heart  has  too 
little  blood.  That  slow  pulsation  of  the  heart  which  then  ensues  has  usually 
been  ascribed  by  physiologists,  in  part  at  least,  to  this  double  irregularity  in  the 
distribution  of  the  blood. 

During  profound  and  retained  inspiration,  we  dilate  the  air  cells  at  the  expense 
of  the  neighboring  capillaries.  As  a  consequence  their  circulation  is  somewhat 
impeded,  blood  accumulates  in  the  right  heart,  is  deficient  in  the  left  heart,  and 
the  whole  organ  beats  slowly.  Dilation  of  the  pulmonary  vesicles  may  be  pro¬ 
duced  by  direct  distension,  as  when  we  blow  into  the  trachea,  or  by  forces  acting 
from  without,  as  occurs  during  life,  in  the  thoracic  movements.  In  the  first  case, 
we  have  the  additional  element  of  pressure,  which,  however,  does  not  very  ma¬ 
terially  alter  the  conditions,  as  I  have  shown  elsewhere.  The  following  experi¬ 
ments  illustrate  the  propositions  above  stated. 

Owing  to  difficulties  almost  insurmountable,  the  dilatation  of  the  air  cells  was 
made  by  insufflation,  and  not  by  expansible  forces  acting  from  without.  A  tube 
wras  placed  in  the  trachea  of  a  pair  of  dead  lungs  taken  from  a  sheep,  a  glass  tube 
i  inch  in  diameter  and  three  feet  long,  was  tied  in  the  mouth  of  the  pulmonary 
artery.  A  similar  tube  was  in  like  manner  adjusted  to  the  left  auricle,  so  as  to 
receivd  all  fluids  coming  from  the  lungs.  A  column  of  fluid  was  placed  in  the 
tube  of  the  pulmonary  artery.  It  ran  into  the  lungs,  and  at  last  rose  slowly  in 
the  tube  which  I  had  tied  in  the  mouth  of  the  left  auricle.  The  lung  was  now 
filled  with  air  by  gently  inflating  through  the  tracheal  tube.  As  the  lung  ex¬ 
panded,  the  fluid  usually  fell  a  little  in  both  tubes,  and  most  in  that  of  the  pulmo¬ 
nary  artery.  The  water  still  passed  through  the  vessels  until  a  state  of  extreme 
tension  was  attained,  when  the  tide  was  checked.  To  do  this  completely,  re¬ 
quired  a  fuller  inflation  than  could  occur  in  health.  In  fact,  I  have  sometimes 
been  able  to  force  both  columns  of  liquid  in  a  reverse  direction,  2  or  3  inches  up 
the  tubes.  As  the  lung  was  allowed  to  contract  in  expiration,  the  fluid  ran 
through  the  vessels  with  a  facility  which  seemed  greatest  during  complete  ex¬ 
piration.  When  the  bloody  fluid  stood  at  a  level  in  both  tubes,  inspiratory 


1853.] 


437 


movement  lowered  it  in  both  tubes.  Expiratory  movement  caused  it  to  rise  in 
both. 

During;  numerous  vivisections,  I  noted  the  following  corroborative  facts  : — 

The  lung  grows  pallid  in  extreme  inspiration,  it  flushes  to  a  deep  red  in  expi¬ 
ration.  That  this  change  of  color  is  not  due  to  a  mere  aggregation  of  the  capil¬ 
laries,  is  clear  from  the  following  fact.  During  complete  inspiration  the  lung 
was  scratched  so  as  to  open  some  capillary  vessels.  No  bleeding  occurred  until 
the  lung  was  allowed  to  contract,  when  the  wound  began  to  ooze.  The  flow  of 
blood  was  greatest  in  complete  expiration.  Care  must  be  taken  not  to  wound 
any  large  vessel.  The  illustrative  bearing  of  these  facts  upon  my  preceding  re¬ 
marks  is  too  plain  for  further  comment. 

At  the  moment  of  complete  inspiration,  the  capillary  circulation  is  retarded 
or  checked.  As  a  consequence  there  is  an  accumulation  of  blood  in  the  pulmo¬ 
nary  artery  and  right  heart,  and  a  deficiency  of  blood  in  the  pulmonary  vein  and 
left  heart. 

Owing  to  this  double  disturbance,  the  heart  beats  slowly.  The  same  set  of 
causes,  produced  in  another  way,  lessen  the  heart  beats  in  one  of  the  stages  of 
asphyxia.  This  view  is  also  supported  in  other  ways,  and  by  certain  facts  too 
numerous  for  mention  here. 

In  expiratory  fixation  the  heart  quickens  as  I  have  very  amply  proved. 

This  is  due  to  several  causes : — 

l.In  expiration,  however  complete,  the  lung  still  contains  enough  of  air  to  keep 
its  vesicles  moderately  open.  Therefore  the  blood  traverses  its  tissue  with  ease, 
until  asphyxia  ensues. 

2.  The  muscular  exertion  requisite  for  a  complete  expiration  is  one-third 
greater  than  that  which  a  full  inspiration  demands,  and  as  we  w?ell  know  mus¬ 
cular  exertion  quickens  the  pulse. 

3.  Owing  to  this  excess  of  expiratory  force,  and  to  the  firm  pressure  ex¬ 
erted  by  the  condensed  lungs  upon  the  heart,  that  organ  is  mechanically  stimu¬ 
lated.  If  the  heart  of  an  animal  be  grasped  during  life  it  will  flutter  under  the 
hand  with  a  quick  beat,  and  as  if  shuddering  beneath  the  compressing  agency. 
If  the  lung  itself  is  firmly  and  equally  pressed  against  the  heart  the  same  result 
occurs. 

To  the  combined  influence  of  the  three  causes  above  enumerated,  I  ascribe  the 
rapid  pulse  of  fixed  expiration.  I  have  therefore  shown  that  in  the  movements 
of  respiration,  as  well  as  in  states  of  extreme  inspiratory  and  expiratory  fixation, 
the  pulmonary  circulation  is  subjected  to  singular  and  interesting  modifications. 
I  shall  close  my  remarks  w7ith  a  single  application. 

During  inspiration  the  lungs  contain  a  maximum  amount  of  blood  which  is  to 
some  degree  retarded  in  the  capillaries  at  the  moment  of  inspiratory  fulness.  It 
is  precisely  at  this  moment  that  the  lungs  contain  most  oxygen.  On  the  other 
hand,  during  expiration,  and  during  expiratory  fixation,  the  aerated  blood,  leaves 
the  lung  with  the  utmost  facility.  A  regulation  so  beautiful  as  this  should  not 
be  allowed  to  escape  attention.  For  other  and  equally  curious  deductions  I  re¬ 
fer  to  the  essay  itself. 


The  Report  of  the  Corresponding  Secretary  was  read  and  adopted. 

ELECTION. 

The  Rev.  Joseph  H.  Wythes  was  elected  a  Member  of  the  Academy. 
December  6 th. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

Letters  were  read — 

From  the  Zoological  and  Botanical  Society  of  Vienna,  dated  21st 
Aug.,  1853,  transmitting  vols.  1  and  2  of  their  Transactions. 

From  the  Royal  Bavarian  Academy  of  Sciences,  dated  Nov.  6,  1853, 


438 


[December, 


acknowledging  the  receipt  of  the  Proceedings,  Yol.  5,  Nos.  9 — L2,  Vol. 
6,  Nos.  1  and  2,  and  of  the  Journal,  new  series,  Yol.  2,  Part  2;  also 
transmitting  their  Bulletin  and  Transactions. 

From  Prof.  Baird,  dated  Washington,  Nov.  26,  1853,  transmitting 
the  collection  of  Serpents  and  Crawfishes  acknowledged  this  evening. 

From  Mr.  Charles  Gillman  of  Brunswick,  Maine,  dated  Nov.  29, 
1853,  in  relation  to  obtaining  a  specimen  of  Moose  (Cervus  alecs)  for  the 
Museum,  an  opportunity  of  which  was  now  offered  him.  Deferred  to 
the  Curators. 

Dr.  Le  Conte  presented  a  paper  intended  for  publication  in  the  Pro¬ 
ceedings,  entitled  “  Descriptions  of  new  Coleoptera,  from  Texas,  chiefly 
collected  by  the  U.  S.  Boundary  Expedition.”  Deferred  to  Dr.  Leidy, 
Dr.  Hays  and  Dr.  Ilallowell. 

Dr.  Leidy  presented  a  paper  for  publication  in  the  Journal,  entitled 
11  On  Bathygnathus  borealis,  an  extinct  Saurian  from  the  new  Red 
Sandstone  of  Prince  Edward’s  Island.”  Referred  to  Mr.  Lea,  Dr. 
Buschenberger  and  Dr.  Coates. 

On  leave  granted,  Mr.  Foulke  offered  a  Desolution,  instructing  the 
Curators  to  enquire  into  the  expediency  of  keeping  the  Museum  open 
on  more  than  two  days  in  the  week,  and  of  granting  the  privilege  of 
giving  tickets  of  admission  to  subscribers  to  a  fund  for  meeting  the  ex¬ 
penses  of  so  doing. 


December  13  th. 

Mr.  Ord,  President,  in  the  Chair. 

A  letter  was  read  from  the  Hon.  J.  K.  Kane,  dated  Philada.,  Dec. 
11,  1853,  transmitting  a  copy  of  Dr.  Kane’s  new  work  on  the  Grinnell 
Arctic  Expedition. 

Mr.  Lea  called  the  attention  of  the  members  to  the  specimen  of  Gneiss 
bored  by  Pholas  dactylus,  and  containing  the  shell.  The  specimen  is 
from  the  coast  of  France,  and  was  procured  by  M.  Cuyot,  who  had  first 
noticed  the  fact  of  Gneiss  Dock  being  bored  by  this  animal.  The  spe¬ 
cimen  proves  that  the  boring  action  must  have  been  of  a  mechanical 
character  and  not  chemical,  as  had  been  supposed  by  Deshayes.  M. 
Cuyot  was  satisfied  that  it  resulted  from  the  animal  twisting  itself 
around  in  the  rock. 


December  20th. 

The  President,  Mr.  Ord,  in  the  Chair. 

Mr.  Conrad  presented  a  paper  for  publication  in  the  Journal,  entitled 
“  Monograph  of  the  genus  Argonauta,  with  descriptions  of  five  new  spe¬ 
cies,”  which  was  referred  to  Mr.  Phillips,  Dr.  Leidy,  and  Dr.  Le  Conte. 

Mr.  Conrad  also  presented  two  other  papers  for  publication  in  the 
Proceedings,  entitled  “  Synopsis  of  the  genus  Cassidula,  and  description 
of  a  proposed  new  genus,  Athlcta,”  and  “  Omissions  and  corrections  to 
a  Synopsis  of  the  North  American  Naiades,”  both  of  which  were  re¬ 
ferred  to  the  Committee  on  the  first  paper. 


1853.] 


439 


Mr.  Cassin  presented  a  paper  entitled  “  Synopsis  of  the  Falconidae 
which  inhabit  America  north  of  Mexico,  and  descriptions  of  new  species.” 
Referred  to  Dr.  Wilson,  Mr.  Ord  and  Col.  McCall. 

A  note  was  read  from  Mrs.  C.  M.  G-ambel,  accompanying  the  Journal 
of  her  late  husband,  Dr.  Wm.  Gambel,  of  an  overland  expedition  to 
California  in  1849,  and  giving  permission  to  the  Academy  to  examine 
and  make  selections  from  the  manuscript.  Referred  to  the  Curators. 


December  27th. 

Vice-President  Bridges  in  the  Chair. 

The  Committee  on  Dr.  Le  Conte’s  “  Descriptions  of  new  Coleoptera 
from  Texas,  chiefly  collected  by  the  U.  S.  Boundary  Commission,”  re¬ 
ported  in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings. 


Descriptions  of  some  new  Coleoptera,  from  Texas ,  chiefly  collected  by  the  Mexican 
Boundary  Commission. 

Most  of  the  new  species  described  in  the  following  pages,  were  collected 
by  Mr.  Arthur  Schott,  of  the  Mexican  Boundary  Commission  under  Major 
Emory  ;  they  were  procured  in  the  vicinity  of  Eagle  Pass,  on  the  lower  portion  of 
the  Rio  Grande.  With  them  were  several  other  species,  belonging  to  genera  of  less 
interest,  and  which  are  here  omitted,  because  numerous  species  from  other  parts 
,of  the  country  yet  remain  to  be  described.  Those  herein  contained  belong  to 
groups  which  are  particularly  interesting,  or  which  have  been  made  the  subject 
of  special  essays.  In  the  genus  Ophryastes,  I  have  added  descriptions  of  several 
contained  in  my  collection  from  Missouri  and  California,  and  added  new  descrip¬ 
tions  of  the  two  species  already  described  by  Say  and  Schonherr,  so  that  the 
student  who  may  have  occasion  to  refer  to  the  genus,  may  find  in  a  small  space, 
the  distinctive  characters  ol  all  the  species  yet  known  within  our  territory. 

To  indicate  the  importance  of  accurate  collections  in  distant  parts  of  the 
country,  I  may  add  that,  while  the  collection  contained  about  110  species  of 
Coleoptera,  40  were  new  to  our  fauna.  A  much  greater  portion  would  have 
been  added,  had  not  the  very  active  researches  of  Lieut.  H.  Haldeman  already 
discovered  a  large  number  of  those  not  included  in  the  forty  above  mentioned. 

Besides  the  species  below  described,  I  have  added  in  the  Revision  of  the  Ela- 
teridae  of  the  United  States,  just  published  in  the*  10th  volume  of  the  Transac¬ 
tions  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society,  descuptions  of  two  very  large  spe¬ 
cies  of  Agryppus,  a  genus  not  before  fully  enrolled  in  our  fauna. 

Cicindela  Linn. 

Among  the  species  belonging  to  our  fauna  must  be  placed  C.  curvata 
Chevr.,  and  C.  decostigma  Chevr.  (Col.  Mex.  fasc.  2d,)  Mexican  species 
wrhich  have  been  found  in  Texas.  The  former  was  collected  by  the  Commission, 
the  latter  by  Lieut.  Haldeman. 

C.  vulturina,  supra  sericeo-nigra,  capite  thoraceque  virescentibus,  labro 
albo,  medio  producto,  3-dentato,  thorace  paulo  convexo,  postice  angustiore,  late- 
ribus  late  rotundatis  breviter  albo-pilosis,  antice  posticeque  profundissime  im- 
presso,  tenuiter  canaliculato,  elytris  thorace  sesqui  latioribus  minus  convexis, 
apice  late  rotundatis  non  serratis,  margine  tenui  cyanescente,  versus  basin  vage 
punctatis ;  subtus  purpureo-cyanea ;  fronte  plana,  utrinque  subtiliter  rugosa, 
glabra.  Long.  *63-*74. 

Eagle  Pass.  The  first  joint  of  the  labial  palpi  of  the  male  is  testaceous.  This 
species  seems  to  be  most  commonly  without  white  marks  on  the  elytra ;  the 
color  in  one  specimen  is  greenish  black,  in  the  others  it  is  pure  black,  at  least 
on  the  elytra.  One  specimen  has  a  faint  rudiment  of  an  apical  lunule  ;  in  an- 


440  [December, 

other  the  lunule  is  narrow  and  divided,  and  the  humerus  has  a  distinct  round 
white  spot ;  in  a  third  there  is  no  humeral  spot,  but  there  is  a  narrow  transverse 
line  about  the  middle,  and  one-third  way  from  the  margin  to  the  suture ;  a  small 
spot  below  and  inside  of  this  is  obsoletely  connected  with  it ;  the  line  joining 
these  spots,  and  which  represents  the  medial  band  of  the  elytra,  makes  an  angle 
of  about  45°  with  the  suture.  This  species  is  very  closely  allied  to  C.  obsoleta 
Say ,  and  differs  from  it  principally  by  the  thorax  being  more  convex  and  dis¬ 
tinctly  rounded  on  the  sides. 

Tostegoptera  Blanch. 

1.  T.  ventricosa,  atra  convexa  (glabra?)  thorace  lateribus  rotundatis 
serratis  medio  subangulatis  confertim  grosse  punctato,  callo  pone  medium  dor- 
sali  laevi,  disco  antice  rix  obsolete  impresso,  elytris  subsulcatis,  confluenter 
minus  profunde  punctatis,  punctis  granulo  elevaio  munitis,  costis  fere  laevibus. 
Long.  *9,  lat.  *57. 

Two  females.  This  species  is  very  different  from  S.  cribosa  Lee.  (Proc.  Acad. 
Nat.  Sc.  6,23),  by  the  punctures  of  the  thorax  being  smaller  and  more  regular,  and 
by  the  absence  of  the  distinct  flattened  surface  before  the  middle;  the  elytra  are 
also  more  distinctly  sulcate.  I  am  inclined  to  believe  that  these  species  are  in 
reality  furnished  with  hairs  or  scales  when  living,  and  that  the  little  granule  ob¬ 
served  in  each  of  the  large  punctures  of  the  elytra  is  the  attachment  of  such 
scales.  The  fine  scattered  punctures  of  the  under  surface  are  furnished  with 
short  hairs,  but  those  of  the  upper  surface  are  entirely  glabrous. 

2.  T.  aequalis,  atra,  convexa,  thorace  lateribus  rotundatis  vix  serratis* 
medio  subangulatis,  sat  dense  minus  grosse  punctato,  pilis  albidis  consperso* 
elytris  aequaliter  sat  grosse  punctatis,  lineis  duabus  sub-laevibus  vix  distinctis* 
sutura  elevata  punctis  paucis  notata.  Long.  *8,  lat.  *45. 

One  female.  Easily  distinguished  by  the  absence  of  any  distinct  grooves  and 
the  smaller  ' punctures  of  the  elytra.  The  punctures  of  the  thorax  still  retain 
some  elongated  flattened  white  hairs,  which  may  originally  have  been  dense ; 
the  punctures  of  the  elytra  furnish  excessively  short,  almost  invisible  white 
hairs. 

I  have  adopted  this  genus,  because  it  has  been  recently  proposed,  and  because 
I  have  had  no  leisure  yet  to  examine  critically  the  group  to  which  it  belongs  ; 
still,  after  a  comparison  between  the  different  species,  and  some  of  our  common 
species  of  Phyllophaga  Harris ,  (Ancylonycha  Blanch.)  I  have  failed  to  discover 
any  reason  why  they  should  be  separated. 

A  new  species  from  Texas  completes  the  connection,  by  possessing  with  the 
thick  convex  body  of  Tostegoptera,  the  exact  sculpture  of  Phyllophaga  quercina. 

Erirhipis  Burm. 

1.  E.  Kernii,  nigra,  subtus  nitida,  longe  pallide  pilosa,  supra'subnitida, 
antennis  rufescentibus,  clypeo  tenuiter  marginato,  vix  emarginato,  thorace  lati- 
tudine  breviore,  lateribus  rotundatis  basique  luteis,  disco  punctato,  breviter 
piloso,  linea  dorsali  sublaevi  subelevata,  calloque  utrinque  vix  distincto,  elytris 
plus  minusve  flavo  variegatis,  sutura  costisque  duabus  elevatis,  interstitiis  stri- 
gosis  et  punctatis.  Long.  *39 — *54. 

Euphoria  cernii  Haldeman,  Stansbury’s  Exped.  to  Salt  Lake.  374,  tab.  9,  fig  10. 

Large  numbers  of  this  species  have  been  collected  by  Lieut.  Haldeman  in 
Texas,  and  by  the  Boundary  Commission  at  Eagle  Pass ;  the  original  specimen 
was  obtained  by  the  late  Mr.  R.  Kern  near  Santa  Fe. 

The  male  has  the  club  of  the  antennae  as  long  as  the  remaining  portion,  and 
the  anterior  tibiae  armed  with  two  moderate  teeth,  the  third  or  upper  tooth  being 
hardly  visible. 

In  the  female  the  club  of  the  antennae  is  shorter  than  the  rest ;  the  anterior 
tibiae  are  armed  with  three  teeth,  of  which  the  two  inferior  are  longer  than  in 
the  male. 

In  most  specimens  the  elytra  are  yellow,  with  the  suture,  and  some  spots  es¬ 
pecially  near  the  suture,  black;  the  black  spots  gradually  enlarge  until  the  elytra 


1853.] 


441 


become  entirely  black ;  at  the  same  time  the  yellow  at  the  sides  and  base  of  the 
thorax  becomes  reduced  and  gradually  disappears. 

2.  E.  C  la  rki  i,  rufa,  nitida,  subtus  longe  pallide  pilosa,  clypeo  nigro  tenu- 
iter  marginato,  antice  subemarginato,  thorace  latitudine  breviore,  lateribus 
rotundatis,  disco  utrinque  vitta  abbreviata  punctoque  laterali  nigris,  punctato, 
linea  dorsali  calloque  utrinque  paulo  elevatis  laevibus,  (breviter  piloso  ?)  elytris 
sutura  costisque  duabus  elevatis,  interstitiis  punctatis  et  strigosis,  rufo-luteis 
sutura  maculisque  pluribus  nigris,  scutello,  pectore,  genubus  tarsisque  nigris,  illo 
gutta  rufa  ornato.  Long.  *42 — -5. 

Several  females  collected  by  Messrs.  Clark  and  Schott.  This  species  seems 
very  closely  related  to  the  preceding,  but  the  pale  color  on  the  thorax  extends 
also  along  the  middle,  and  the  abdomen  and  feet  are  rufous ;  the  antennae  and 
anterior  tibiae  are  precisely  as  in  E.  Kernii. 

3.  E.  Schottii,  nigra,  subtus  nitida,  longe  pallide  pilosa,  supra  opaca,  cly¬ 
peo  antice  truncato,  fortius  marginato,  lateribus  tenuiter  marginato,  vertice 
piloso  subcarinato,  thorace  latitudine  non  breviore,  lateribus  vix  rotundatis,  basi 
media  late  emarginata  rufescente,  disco  parce  punctato,  breviter  pubescente, 
elytris  striolis  obscure  luteis  transversis  plus  minusve  variegatis,  sutura  costis¬ 
que  duabus  elevatis,  interstitiis  bistriatis  vage  punctatis.  Long.  *45 — *55. 

Several  specimens  collected  at  Eagle  Pass  by  Mr.  Schott,  to  whom  I  take 
great  pleasure  in  dedicating  this  species.  The  club  of  the  antennae  in  the  male 
is  very  long,  and  the  anterior  tibiae  have  two  short  teeth  at  the  apex;  in  the 
female  the  club  of  the  antennae  is  shorter  than  the  remainder,  and  the  anterior 
tibiae  are  tridentate;  the  inferior  tooth  is  not,  however,  elongated  as  in  the  two  pre- 
ceding  species.  It  belongs  to  the  same  division  of  the  genus  as  E.  inda,  but 
the  hair  on  the  thorax  is  not  long  as  in  that  species.  The  yellow  markings  of 
the  elytra  are  sometimes  very  abundant  and  confluent,  at  other  times  they  are 
hardly  visible  ;  besides  the  little  yellowish  red  line  of  the  middle  of  the  thorax 
at  the  base,  a  vitta  each  side  of  the  middle  abbreviated  at  each  end  can  some¬ 
times  be  seen ;  the  angle  each  side  of  the  medial  emargination  is  very  distinct, 
while  in  the  two  species  above  described  the  emargination  hardly  exists,  and 
the  base  is  almost  uniformly  broadly  rounded. 

The  beautiful  Dendrobias  4-maculatus  Dupont( Mag.  Zool.  1836,)  and  Tylosis 
oculatus  Lee.  (Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.,  2d  ser.2,  9)  have  been  added  to  our  fauna. 
Both  have  been  previously  known  from  Mexico.  A  remarkable  variety  of  Tra- 
gidion  coquus  was  also  found,  in  which  the  yellow  spots  of  the  elytra  are  very 
small  and  hardly  visible. 

Stenaspis  Dup. 

With  this  genus  must  be  united  Smileceras  Lee .,  founded  upon  Cerainbyx 
solitarius  Say.  The  female  of  this  rare  species  was  procured  by  the  Expedition, 
and  differs  from  the  male  in  having  the  antennae  two-thirds  the  length  of  the 
body.  The  11th  joint  is  not  longer  than  the  10th,  and  is  distinctly  transversely 
impressed;  the  joints  from  the  fourth,  outwards,  have  the  external  edge  com¬ 
pressed  ;  the  third  also  has  a  compressed  edge  beyond  the  middle. 

S.  splendens,  nigra,  thorace  latitudine  plus  sesqui  breviore,  subinaequali, 
irregulariter  modice  punctato,  plagis  laevibus  relictis,  postice  constricto  lateribus 
dilatato  tubercula  laterali  obtuso,  elytris  viridi-aeneis  nitidis  subparallelis  rugis 
profundis  parcis  intricatis,  interstitiis  elevatis  convexis,  parce  punctulatis,femori- 
bus  laete  auranciacis  basi  apieeque  nigris,  antennis  nigris  extrorsum  rufescentibus. 
Long.  1*37. 

Texas,  and  from  Dr.  Berlandiere’s  collection.  This  species  must  evidently  be 
referred  to  the  present  genus,  although  the  prosternum  is  much  less  prominent 
between  the  coxae  than  in  the  other  species,  and  the  lateral  tubercle  of  the 
thorax  is  not  very  distinct.  The  anterior  lateral  tubercle  observed  in  S.  solitaria 
is  entirely  wanting,  the  sides  being  almost  regularly  rounded ;  the  posterior  con¬ 
striction  is  very  deep,  and  the  base  is  more  sinuate  than  in  the  other  species. 
The  head  is  precisely  as  in  the  preceding.  The  antennae  are  black,  with  the 
joints  growing  brownish  red  from  the  fourth,  outwards ;  the  articulations  are 


442 


[December, 

black.  The  tibiae  are  black,  pubescent  with  yellow  hair.  The  very  deep  and 
angular  confluent  rugosities  of  the  elytra  and  their  shining  golden  green  color 
will  readily  distinguish  this  species. 

Mannophorus. 

Mesosternum  simplex,  haud  protuberans;  mandibulae  subacutae ;  palpi  breves, 
subaequales,  articulo  ultimo  subcylindrico  longiore ;  thorax  rotundatus,  non  ar- 
matus  ad  apicem  transversim  constrictus  et  margine  prominulo  munitus,  basi 
marginatus ;  elytra  costa  eburnea  ornata,  mutica ;  pedes  tenues,  femora  mutica 
non  clavata,  tarsi  postici  articulo  lmo  paulo  elongato ;  antennae  11-articulatae 
tenues  elongatae,  maris  articulo  ultimo  fere  diviso. 

This  genus  belongs  to  the  Elaphidion  group,  but  is  sufficiently  distinct  from 
all  the  others  of  that  group  found  in  our  territory.  It  will  probably  fall  eventu¬ 
ally  into  some  of  those  invented  by  Mr.  Serville,  but  from  the  very  artificial 
nature  of  the  arrangement  made  by  him,  it  is  impossible  to  determine  where  it 
may  be  found. 

It  differs  from  Elaphidion  by  the  less  dilated  palpi,  as  well  as  by  the  11th 
joint  of  the  antennae  of  the  male  being  somewhat  divided  as  in  Eburia  and  Pur- 
puricenus,  approaching  most  nearly  to  the  latter,  but  differing  from  both  by  the 
more  cylindrical  palpi  and  by  the  very  curious  acute  collar  which  surrounds  the 
apex  of  the  thorax,  and  which  projects  very  conspicuously  at  the  sides.  In  the 
form  of  body  it  resembles  closely  Crossidius  testaceus  Lee .,  and  I  was  at  first 
inclined  to  lefer  it  to  that  genus.  The  mandibles,  however,  are  not  at  all  bifid> 
and  the  body,  though  slightly  pubescent,  is  much  less  hairy  than  in  Crossidius. 

M.  1  as  t  u  s  ,  niger,  subtus  parce  pubescens,  capite  thoraceque  confertim  grosse 
punctatis,  hoc  rotundato,  transverso,  laete  coccineo,  basi  apieeque  nigro-marginato, 
disco  utrinque  paulo  elevato,  elytris  dense  punctatis,  vittis  utrinque  duabus  an- 
gustis  flavis,  (quarum  interior  laevigata  et  elevata,)  postice  abbreviate,  apice 
subtruncata.  Long.  *5 — .6. 

Several  specimens.  The  antennae  of  the  male  are  longer,  those  of  the  female 
shorter  than  the  body.  The  thorax  has  a  faint  rudiment  of  a  dorsal  line  near 
the  base.  The  inner  vitta  of  the  elytra  is  one  fourth  from  the  suture,  the  outer 
one  is  near  the  margin;  they  are  both  abbreviated  about  one  seventh  from  the 
tip.  Varieties  occur  with  the  vittae  shorter,  and  with  a  black  dorsal  spot  on 
the  thorax  near  the  base. 


Elaphidion  Serv. 

1.  E.  moestum,  modice  robustum,  piceum,  subnitidum  tenuiter  cinereo- 
pubescens,  thorace  latitudine  vix  breviore,  confertim  punctato,  lateribus  paulo 
rotundatis,  elytris  grossius  modice  punctatis,  punctis  postice  minoribus,  apice 
truncatis,  antennis  femoribusque  muticis.  Long.  *45 — ’56. 

Specimens  procured  by  the  expedition  at  Eagle  Pass,  and  by  Dr.  Berlandiere 
in  Northern  Mexico.  Related  to  E.  pubescens,  but  the  punctures  of  the  elytra 
are  larger,  the  color  is  darker,  and  the  pubescence  shorter  and  more  sparse. 
The  thorax  of  the  female  is  coarsely,  that  of  the  male  finely  punctured. 

2.  E.  spurcum,  modice  elongatum,  piceum,  parce  cinereo-pubescens,  pilis- 
que  sordide  albis  irregulariter  maculatum,  thorace  latitudine  vix  longiore  confer¬ 
tim  punctato,  lateribus  rotundatis,  elytris  sat  grosse  modice  punctatis,  punctis 
postice  subtilioribus,  apice  truncatis,  femoribus  muticis,  antennis  articulis  3  et 
4  apice  spina  brevissima  armatis.  Long.  *45. 

One  specimen.  In  form  and  size  is  very  similar  to  E.  neglectum,  but  the 
thorax  has  no  callosities,  and  the  elytra  are  slightly  truncate  and  entirely  un¬ 
armed  at  the  apex.  The  affinities  of  this  species  seem  to  be  with  E.  muticum 
Newm .,  but  it  is  much  smaller. 

3.  E.  deb  il  e  ,  elongatum,  parce  cinereo-pubescens,  pilisque  sordidis  irregu¬ 
lariter  conspersum,  thorace  dense  punctato,  latitudine  paulo  longiore,  lateribus 
late  rotundatis,  linea  dorsali  fere  integra  laevi,  elytris  sat  grosse  modice  puncta- 


1853.] 


443 


tis,  punctis  postis  subtilioribus,  apice  subtruncatis,  spina  minuta  suturali 
armatis,  femoribus  muticis,  antennis  articulis  3 — 5  spina  apicali  minuta  armatis. 
Long.  ’56. 

Texas  and  Northern  Mexico.  Lieut.  Haldeman  and  Dr.  Berlandiere.  This 
species  resembles  in  appearance  E.  villosum,  but  the  glabrous  line  of  the  thorax 
and  the  absence  of  the  long  apical  spines  of  the  elytra  will  at  once  distinguish  it ; 
the  spots  of  yellowish  hair  on  the  thorax  are  inclined  to  form  four  vittae. 

The  scutellum  in  the  species  here  described  is  densely  pubescent,  but  as  this 
seems  to  be  a  character  in  all  the  species  of  the  genus,  I  have  not  mentioned  it 
in  the  individual  descriptions. 

Ophryastes  Sch. 

A.  Thorax  lateribus  tuberculato-dilatatis,  postice  subito  valde  angustatus. 

1.  0.  latirostris,  niger,  dense  albido-squamosus,  rostro  crasso,  basi  im- 
presso  trisulcato,  sulcis  lateralibus  divergentibus,  obliquis,  profundis,  thorace 
valde  transverso,  inaequali,  grosse  parce  profundissime  punctato,  lateribus  bitu-* 
berosis,  elytris  thorace  paulo  latioribus,  ovalibus,  fusco  subvariegatis,  striis  pro¬ 
fundis  punctatis,  interstitiis  valde  convexis.  'Long.  *5. 

One  specimen  found  on  the  Arkansas  River,  near  the  mountains.  This  species 
differs  from  all  the  following  by  the  obliquity  of  the  lateral  grooves  of  the  ros¬ 
trum,  which  is  also  thicker  than  in  the  other  species. 

2.  O.ligatus,  niger,  dense  sordide  albo-squamtfsus,  rostro  basi  impresso, 
trisulcato,  sulcis  lateralibus  brevibus  obliquis  profundis,  thorace  inaequali,  latitu- 
dine  fere  duplo  breviore,  lateribus  dilatatis  ad  medium  subangulatis,  parce  pro¬ 
fundissime  punctato,  profunde  canaliculato,  elytris  thorace  paulo  latioribus, 
striis  tenuibus  vage  punctatis,  interstitiis  paulo  convexis,  2,4  et  6to  irregulariter 
fusco-nigris.  Long.  *38. 

One  specimen,  Nebraska.  This  species  most  resembles  O.  sulcirostris,  but 
the  obliquity  of  the  lateral  grooves  of  the  rostrum  and  the  difference  of  the  color 
will  distinguish  it.  The  thorax  is  more  deeply  channelled,  and  is  less  constricted 
posteriorly. 

3.  O.  sulcirostris,  niger,  dense  albido-squamosus,  fusco  subvariegatus, 
rostro  basi  impresso,  trisulcato,  sulcis  lateralibus  brevibus  modice  profundis, 
thorace  latitudine  duplo  breviore,  canaliculato  inaequali,  rugoso  et  grosse  parce 
profundissime  punctato,  lateribus  valde  dilatatis,  postice  subangulatis,  elytris 
thorace  paulo  latioribus  tenuiter  striatis  striis  grosse  minus  profunde  punctatis, 
interstitiis  modice  convexis.  Long.  *34. 

Schonherr,  Cure.  1,  509  (1833;)  5,819. 

IAparus  sulcirostris  Say,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  3,  316. 

One  specimen  found  on  the  Arkansas  River,  near  the  mountains.  The  thorax 
is  gradually  dilated  from  the  anterior  constriction  to  the  widest  portion,  w'hile 
in  0.  latirostris  it  is  suddenly  dilated  behind  the  anterior  constriction,  and  then 
sinuate,  so  as  to  form  two  lateral  prominences,  of  which  the  posterior  one  is 
larger  and  less  rounded. 

4.  O.  tuberosus,  niger,  albido-squamosus,  rostro  trisulcato,  sulcis  latera¬ 
libus  rectis  profundis,  thorace  latitudine  plus  duplo  breviore  valde  inaequali 
grosse  profunde  punctato,  lateribus  bituberosis,  elytris  thorace  non  latioribus 
striis  vix  impressis  grosse  profunde  punctatis,  interstitiis  2,  4  et  6to  atris. 
Long,  *41. 

One  specimen,  Santa  Fe,  New  Mexico,  collected  by  Mr.  Fendler.  This  spe¬ 
cies  differs  from  tbe  three  preceding,  by  the  rostrum  not  being  transversely  im¬ 
pressed  at  the  base,  and  from  the  next  by  the  lateral  grooves  of  the  rostrum 
extending  between  the  eyes,  by  the  middle  groove  being  less  deep,  and  by  the 
lateral  dilatations  of  the  thorax  being  much  more  prominent,  as  wrell  as  by  the 
difference  in  the  arrangement  of  the  dark  vittae  of  the  elytra,  and  the  deeper 
punctures  of  the  striae.  The  scales  of  the  thorax  have  been  removed,  in  great 
part,  so  that  I  do  not  know  if  the  color  was  variegated  on  that  part  of  the  body. 

5.  0.  vittatus,  niger,  albido-squamosus,  rostro  trisulcato,  sulco  medio 


444 


[December, 


profundissimo,  lateralibus  rectis  profundis,  mox  ante  oculos  abbreviate,  thorace 
latitudine  plus  duplo  breviore  inaequali,  parce  profunde  punctato,  lateribus  sub- 
bituberosis,  canaliculato  saepe  fusco  trivittato,  elytris  striis  vix  impresses  pro¬ 
funde  punctatis,  sutura  cuprascente,  fusca-interstitiis  3,  5  et  7mo  fusco-vittatis. 
Long.  *41 — 48. 

Schonherr,  Cure.  1,  509  ;  5,  819. 

Liparus  vittatus  Say,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  3,  316. 

Platte  and  Arkansas  Rivers  ;  not  rare  ;  found  also  by  the  Commission  at  Eagle 
Pass.  The  elytra  of  the  male  are  but  little  wider  than  the  thorax,  those  of  the 
female  are  more  rounded,  a  little  flattened  on  the  back,  and  about  one  half  wider 
than  the  thorax ;  the  dark  vittae  of  the  thorax  and  elytra  appear  to  be  produced, 
in  part,  by  abrasion,  as  specimens  occur  in  which  they  are  hardly  to  be  seen. 
The  suture,  as  far  as  the  first  stria,  is  covered  with  brown  scales,  having  a  slight 
coppery  reflexion. 

B.  Thorax  lateribus  late  regulariter  rotundatis. 

6.  O.  speciosus,  niger  supra  cupreo-fusco-squamosus,  capite  albo-squa- 
moso  vitta  frontali  alteraque  pone  oculos  utrinque  fuscis,  rostro  5-sulcato,  sulcis 
intermediis  brevibus  haud  profundis,  thorace  latitudine  breviore  lateribus  rotun- 
dato  parce  subtiliter  punctato,  subtiliter  canaliculato,  vitta  utrinque  dorsali 
alteraque  in  latere  niveis,  elytris  elongato-ellipticis  striis  profundis  punctatis, 
interstitiis  vix  convexis,  parce  punctulatis,  2,  4,7mo  niveis,  lateribus  et  subtus 
albo-squamosus.  Long.  »8. 

Eagle  Pass,  several  specimens.  This  fine  species  is  certainly  the  most  beau¬ 
tiful  of  this  family  yet  found  in  the  United  States  :  the  lateral  grooves  of  the 
rostrum  are  situated  in  the  side  and  converge  a  little  posteriorly  ;  the  inter¬ 
mediate  grooves  occupy  the  position  of  the  lateral  grooves  in  the  species  of 
division  (A.)  and  are  very  short,  not  by  any  means  obvious  ;  the  vittae  of  the 
thorax  are  made  up  of  spots  placed  close  together  and  separated  by  narrow  lines; 
two  or  three  small  spots  are  scattered  between  the  dorsal  vitta  and  the  lateral 
one  ;  the  anterior  and  posterior  constriction,  with  their  rows  of  punctures  are  as 
in  the  species  of  the  first  division,  but  are  hardly  apparent  in  the  lateral  outline 
of  the  thorax,  which  is  regularly  curved,  only  a  little  indented  at  base  and  apex  ; 
the  elytra  of  the  male  are  about  one-fourth,  those  of  the  female  about  one-third 
wider  than  the  thorax  ;  the  snowy  white  vittae  are  a  little  irregular  in  their  out¬ 
line,  the  elytra  beyond  the  7th  stria  are  covered  with  grayish  white  scales,  simi¬ 
lar*  to  those  of  the  under  surface,  and  contrasting  with  the  snowy  whiteness  of 
the  vittae  ;  the  legs  are  speckled  with  dark  fuscous,  but  the  usual  femoral  band 
is  not  seen. 

7.  O.  argentatus,  niger, aequaliter argenteo-albo-squamosus,vix  variegatus, 
rostro  basi  impresso,  trisulcato,  sulcis  angustis  profundis,  lateralibus  postice 
paulo  incurvis,  thorace  latitudine  paulo  breviore,  inaequali  canaliculato,  pro¬ 
funde  grosse  punctato,  lateribus  late  rotundatis,  elytris  ovalibus,  striis  vix  im¬ 
pressis  punctatis,  interstitiis  paulo  convexis.  Long.  *69. 

One  female,  with  the  elytra  nearly  twice  as  wide  as  the  thorax,  found  at  Val- 
lecitas,  California  ;  the  anterior  and  posterior  marginal  impressions  of  the  tho¬ 
rax  are  entire  and  very  distinct,  uniting  with  the  dorsal  line  ;  the  color  is  more 
uniform  than  in  the  other  species,  nevertheless  the  elytra  are  slightly  mottled  ; 
an  occipital  line,  the  sides  of  the  rostrum,  and  a  space  behind  the  eyes  are  covered 
with  fuscous  metallic  scales  ;  the  dark  band  of  the  femora  existing  in  many  of 
the  species  is  more  conspicuous  in  this,  on  account  of  the  denser  white  scales  of 
the  legs. 

8.  0.  v  a  r  i  u  s,  niger,  albo-squamosus,  capite  fusco- variegato,  rostro  bisul- 
cato,  basi  impresso,  versus  apicem  medio  foveato,  thorace  latitudine  non  breviore, 
subinaequali,  subcanaliculo,  grosse  parce  punctato,  fusco  trivittato,  lateribus  late 
rotundatis,  elytris  striis  tenuibus  minus  profunde  at  grosse  punctatis,  interstitiis 
non  convexis,  3io  5toque  plus  minusve  fuscis.  Long.  #35 — *44. 

Desert  of  the  Colorado,  California  ;  chiefly  on  Larrea  Mexicana.  The  elytra 
of  the  male  are  not  wider,  those  of  the  female  are  twice  as  wide  as  the  thorax. 


445 


1853.] 

This  species  is  remarkably  different  from  all  those  above  described  by  the  medial 
groove  of  the  rostrum  being  obsolete,  except  towards  the  tip,  where  it  appears 
as  an  oblong  fovea  ;  the  lateral  grooves  are  not  deep,  and  end  at  the  transverse 
impression  at  the  base  of  the  rostrum.  Over  the  body  and  legs  the  wThite  scales 
are  intermixed  with  pale  fuscous,  giving  a  dullness  to  the  color  ;  the  fuscous 
stripes  of  the  elytra  are  very  variable,  sometimes  they  are  well  defined ;  in  other 
specimens  they  are  confused  by  fuscous  spots  on  the  adjoining  interstitial  spaces  ; 
the  dark  fascia  of  the  femora  is  moderately  distinct. 

9.  0.  sordid  us,  niger,  griseo-fuscoque  squamosus,  rostro  trisulcato,  sulci3 
profundis,  lateralibus  rectis  brevibus,  thorace  latitudine  sesqui  breviore,  antice 
subangustato,  lateribus  late  rotundatis  parce  punctato,  subcanaliculato,  elytris 
convexis  thorace  latioribus,  striis  vix  impressis  punctatis,  interstitiis  planis. 
Long.  *37. 

One  female  specimen,  Platte  River.  The  posterior  marginal  impression  of  the 
thorax  is  indistinct  ;  the  anterior  one  is  entire,  broad  but  not  deep  ;  the  brown 
and  gray  scales  are  intermixed  and  do  not  form  any  well  defined  spaces  ;  the 
latter  color  predominates  on  the  head,  and  the  former  on  the  elytra. 

10.  O.  d  e  c  i  p  i  e  n  s,  piceus  (dense  ?)  griseo-squamosus  (elytris  fusco  variega- 
tis  ?)  rostro  sulco  medio  minus  profundo  antice  lato,  lateralibus  brevibus  indis- 
tinctis,  thorace  latitudine  non  breviore,  lateribus  antice  posticeque  paulo  rotun¬ 
datis,  disperse  profunde  punctato,  canaliculato,  elytris  convexis,  thorace  paulo 
latioribus,  striis  modice  impressis  profunde  punctatis,  interstitiis  paulo  convexis. 
Long.  *3. 

One  male  found  by  the  Commission  at  Eagle  Pass.  The  scales  are  unfortunately 
removed  in  great  part,  but  the  elytra  at  the  apex  show  some  appearance  of  having 
been  variegated  with  darker  marks.  Beneath,  the  body  is  uniformly  and  densely 
covered  with  grayish  scales.  The  sides  of  the  thorax  are  nearly  straight  at  the 
middle,  narrowed  and  rounded  slightly  at  each  end  ;  tne  transverse  marginal  im¬ 
pressions  are  visible  only  in  the  sides.  The  rostrum  is  more  flattened  above 
than  in  any  other  species,  and  the  middle  groove  is  very  indistinct,  and  so  di¬ 
lated  anteriorly  that  the  surface  becomes  broadly  concave  ;  the  lateral  grooves 
are  very  short  and  not  deep.  The  appearance  is  very  similar  to  Epicaerus,  but 
the  ciliate  thoracic  postocular  lobes  require  it  to  be  placed  in  this  genus. 

Although  but  two  new  species  of  this  interesting  genus  were  procured  by  the 
Boundary  Commission,  I  have  thought  that  a  short  account  of  all  the  species 
known  to  me,  would  be  useful. 

Pelecyphortjs  Sol. 

P.  e  1  a  t  us,  niger,  capite  profunde  impresso,  thorace  latitudine  paulo  bre\  iore, 
lateribus  antice  latissime  reflexis  medio  angulatis,  angulis  anticis  et  posticis  dis- 
tinctis,  elytris  oblongo-ovalibus,  postice  acutiusculis,  convexis,  thorace  plus 
duplo  latioribus  punctis  rugosis  minus  profundis  impressis,  lineis  tribus  sutura- 
que  lasvibus,  epipleuris  subito  inflexis,  humeris  minutis  porrectis.  Long.  1*3. 

A  large  species,  remarkable  for  the  form  of  the  thorax,  which  is  tolerably  re¬ 
gularly  hexagonal,  with  all  the  angles  well  defined  ;  the  sides  are  very  strongly 
reflexed  anteriorly,  but  become  gradually  narrower  from  the  lateral  angle  to  the 
base.  This  species  agrees  with  P.  confluens  Lee.  and  the  next  species,  as  well 
as  wflth  all  the  others  referred  by  me  to  the  genus,except  Asida  anastomosis, in  hav¬ 
ing  elongate  palpi  with  the  last  joint  strongly  securiform,  and  a  large  lateral  open¬ 
ing  between  the  mentum  and  the  base  of  the  mandibles.  The  species  referred 
by  me  to  Euschides  (Stenomorpha  Solier, )  have  the  same  form  of  mouth,  but  ap¬ 
pear  to  have  the  last  joint  of  the  palpi  broader  and  more  regularly  triangular.  I 
am  doubtful  about  the  generic  value  of  that  character,  but  at  present  all  is  con¬ 
fusion  in  regard  to  genera  of  Tenebrionidae  ;  the  prosternum  is  longitudinally 
deeply  concave  between  the  anterior  coxae,  and  is  not  produced  posteriorly  ;  the 
sides  of  the  elytra  are  not  margined,  although  the  epipleurae  are  suddenly  indexed. 

P.  s  o  r  d  i  d  u  s,  piceo-niger,  capite  modice  impresso,  punctato,  thorace  latitu¬ 
dine  fere  sesqui  breviore,  ante  medium  angustato,  lateribus  rotundatis  subserra- 
tis,  deplanatis,  subreflexis,confertim  grosse  inaequaliter  punctato,  elytris  oblongo- 


446 


[December, 


ovalibus,  convexis  postice  subacutis,  sutura,  margine.  costisque  utrinque  dua- 
bus  elevatis  lineis  transversis  sinuatis  inter  se  irregulariter  convexis.  Long. 
•75 — 85. 

Arkansas  River,  near  the  mountains.  The  female  has  the  elytra  twice  as  wide 
as  the  thorax,  and  more  rounded  on  the  sides  than  in  the  other  sex.  The  antepectus 
is  sulcate  between  the  coxae,  but  the  groove  is  narrower  than  in  the  preceding 
species.  The  specimens  are  covered  with  an  earthy  matter,  which  adheres  very 
strongly. 

Another  species  was  found  by  the  Commission,  of  which  only  the  elytra  are 
preserved  ;  they  are  obovate,  dilated  gradually  for  three-fourths  of  their  length 
somewhat  flattened  anteriorly,  very  declivous,  and  subacute  posteriorly,  trun¬ 
cate  at  base  with  a  well  defined  margin ;  lateral  margin  acute,  extending  within 
one-fifth  of  the  apex  ;  the  disc  is  sparsely  punctured,  and  each  elytron  is  marked 
with  three  faint  elevated  ridges  obsolete  at  both  ends,  and  of  which  the  exter¬ 
nal  one  is  the  most  distinct.  The  sculpture  of  the  under  surface  and  the  pro¬ 
portions  of  the  legs  are  exactly  those  of  P.  s  o  r  d  i  d  u  s,  which  it  will  probably 
resemble  in  the  form  of  the  thorax.  As  the  characters  drawn  from  the  form  and 
sculpture  of  the  elytra  are  very  distinct  in  this  genus,  I  venture  to  name  this 
species  P.  subcostatus. 


Microschatia  Sol. 

M.  contorta,  sordide  fusca,  longiuscula,  capite  profunde  excavato,  thorace 
hexagonali,  latitudine  vix  breviore,  angulis  lateralibus  apice  rotundatis,  lateri- 
bus  postice  paulo  emarginatis,  disco  canaliculato,  inaequali,  elytris  postice  dila- 
tatis,  lateribus  serrato-tuberculatis,  costa  discoidali  alte  tuberculata  irregu¬ 
lariter  fracta,  cum  sutura  elevata  lineis  transversis. connexa  ornatis.  Long.  *37. 

From  the  collection  of  the  late  Dr,.  Berlandiere  ;  this  very  ugly  insect 
bears  a  certain  analogy  to  Asida  anastomosis  Say ,  in  appearance,  but  is 
very  distinct  by  the  hexagonal  thorax,  and  more  rough  elytra  ;  the  discoidal 
costa  ends  about  one-fourth  from  the  apex  in  a  high  tubercle  ;  the  marginal  series 
of  tubercles  ends  by  bending  inwards  to  the  suture  about  one-sixth  from  the  apex. 

The  maxillary  palpi  are  small,  and  can  be  almost  entirely  concealed  behind 
the  mentum,  which  not  only  fills  up  the  progenial  cavity,  but  abuts  against  the 
mandibles,  entirely  covering  the  mouth  beneath  ;  this  is  also  the  case  in  Asida 
anastomosis,  and  in  the  two  species  of  Microschatia  described  by  me  (Ann.  Lye. 
5,  129,)  which  are  properly  congeneric  with  that  species  ;  it  remains  still  to  be 
determined  whether  they  should  enter  Solier’s  genus,  of  which  only  one  species 
was  known  to  the  inventor. 

The  present  species  differs  from  all  the  others  mentioned  in  having  the  third  joint 
of  the  antennae  not  longer  than  the  fourth  ;  the  prosternum  is  broadly  produced 
posteriorly,  as  in  M.  inaequalis. 

Asida  anastomosis,  incorrectly  referred  by  me  to  Pelecyphorus,  has  the  pros¬ 
ternum  regularly  rounded  and  not  produced  posteriorly. 

Triorophus  Lee. 

T.  nodiceps,  ater,  minus  nitidus,  capite  subtilius  postice  densius  punctato, 
lateribus  margine  tenui  reflexo,  fronte  tuberculo  magno  obtuso  ornata,  thorace 
transverso  punctato,  basi  marginato,  lateribus  rotundato,  angulis  anticis  porrec- 
tis,  elytris  ventricosis  rotundatis  thorace  plus  duplo  latioribus,  9-seriatim  punc- 
tatis.  Long.  *33. 

One  specimen  :  Eagle  Pass.  Differs  from  the  three  species  described  by  me 
(Ann.  Lyc.  5,  141)  in  theless  punctured  head,  the  much  larger  frontal  tubercleand 
by  the  wider  and  more  inflated  elytra. 

Embaphion  Say. 

1.  E.  concavum,  elongato-ellipticum,  nigrum,  thoracis  et  elytrorum  late¬ 
ribus  altissime  reflexis,  illo  antrorsum  angustato  disco  parce  punctulato,  lateribus 
parcius  subtilius  muricatis,  elytris  subtiliter  muricato-punctatis,  brevissime  his- 
pidis.  Long.  *78,  lat.  *4. 


1853.] 


447 


One  specimen.  Resembles  E.  muricatum  Say ,  but  is  longer  and  narrower, 
with  the  broad  margin  of  the  elytra  more  suddenly  reflexed  and  almost  perpen¬ 
dicular.  Although  so  different  in  form,  this  genus  is  only  distinguished  from 
Eleodes  by  the  inferior  plane  of  the  mentum  being  more  rounded  and  more  deeply 
impressed;  its  anterior  margin  is  slightly  incised;  the  lateral  angles  are  so  much 
indexed  as  to  be  invisible  ;  the  tarsi  are  sulcate  beneath,  and  fringed  at  the 
apex  and  sides  with  short  spines;  the  middle  joints  of  the  posterior  tarsi  appear 
more  elongated  than  in  Eleodes.  I  have  great  doubt  of  the  generic  value  of  any 
of  these  differences,  and  several  nondescript  species  from  New  Mexico  seem  to 
be  intermediate,  both  by  the  form  of  the  body  and  by  the  differences  in  the 
mentum. 

Lytta  Linn. 

1.  L.  fulvipennis  Lee.,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sc.  6,  33,  though  smaller,  does  not 
appear  sufficiently  different  from  L.  c  ar  din  alis  C/iev .,  Col.  Mex.  cent.  1. 

2.  L-  cribrata,  atra,  capite  thoraceque  nitidis,  punctis  paucis  impressis, 
illo  macula  frontali  magna  sanguinea,  hoc  lateribus  sanguineis,  rotundato,  disco 
bifoveato,  vix  canaliculato,  elytris  opacis  lineis  elevatis  irregulariter  reticulatis, 
thorace  fere  duplo  latioribus.  Long.  *77. 

One  specimen.  This  species  having  the  joints  of  the  antennae  oval,  and  the 
labrum  slightly  emarginate,  and  the  outer  spur  of  the  posterior  tibiae  obtuse, 
belongs  to  division  A — c  of  my  essay  on  this  genus,  (Proc.  Acad.  6,  331 ;)  the 
outer  joints  of  the  antennae  are  hardly  thicker  than  those  near  the  base  ;  they 
extend  to  about  the  anterior  third  of  the  elytra.  L.  reticulata  Say  (Journ.  Acad. 
Nat.  Sc.  3,  305)  must  resemble  this  species,  but  is  said  to  be  entirely  black, 
tinged  slightly  with  green.  The  antennae  are  said  to  be  thickened  towards  the 
tip,  and  the  punctures  of  the  thorax  confluent  posteriorly. 

3.  L.  morio,  alra  immaculata,  confertim  subtiliter  punctata,  brevissime 
pubescens,  thorace  latitudine  paulo  breviore,  subcanaliculato,  angulis  anticis  ro- 
tundatis,  labro  vix  emarginato,  tibiis  posticis  calcare  externo  paulo  latiore. 
Long.  -4 — 53. 

This  species  resembles  L.  pensylvanica,  but  is  larger  and  more  robust,  and 
the  thorax  is  wider;  in  form  it  precisely  resembles  L.  fissilabris  Lee.,  but  the 
labrum  is  very  slightly  emarginate,  and  the  spurs  of  the  posterior  tibiae  are  not 
equal.  The  head,  as  in  L.  pensylvanica,  has  a  fine  glabrous,  longitudinal  line. 

4.  L.  sublineata,  elongata,  nigra  subtiliter  dense  punctulata,  dense  luteo- 
griseo  pubescens,  thorace  capite  sesqui  angustiore,  latitudine  paulo  longiore, 
lateribus  parallelis  antice  rotundatis,  disco  late  canaliculato,  macula  utrinque 
denudata  ad  medium  ornato,  elytris  minus  dense  pubescentibus,  sutura,  margine, 
apice  vittaque  lata  postice  abbreviata  densius  griseo  pubescentibus,  lineis  tribus 
tenuissimis  denudatis  atris,  tarsis  palpis  antennisque  nigris,  his  articulo  2ndo  3io 
paulo  breviore.  Long.  1*05. 

One  female,  with  the  first  joint  of  the  antennae  extending  to  the  posterior  mar¬ 
gin  of  the  eyes.  This  fine  species  resembles  L.  immaculata  and  longicollis,  but 
the  thorax  is  less  convex,  and  the  unequal  distribution  of  the  pubescence  will 
distinguish  it.  The  posterior  tibiae  appear  black,  but  I  do  not  think  that  this 
will  be  found  to  be  a  constant  character. 

5.  L.  fulvescens,  nigra  elongata  dense  subtiliter  pubescens,  densissime 
luteo-fulvo-pubescens,  thorace  capite  paulo  angustiore,  latitudine  longiore,  late¬ 
ribus  parallelis  antice  rotundatis,  canaliculato,  elytris  thorace  paulo  latioribus 
immaculatis,  antennis  tarsisque  nigris,  illis  articulo  2do  3io  fere  aequali,  palpis 
testaceis,  apice  nigris.  Long.  *59 — 68. 

Several  specimens;  found  also  by  Lieut.  H.  Haldeman  in  Texas.  Resembles 
L.  longicollis,  but  is  smaller  and  without  any  denuded  humeral  spot.  By  the 
color  of  the  palpi  it  also  differs  from  all  the  allied  species.  The  first  joint  of  the 
antennae  extends  a  little  beyond  the  posterior  margin  of  the  eyes  in  the  male ;  in 
the  female  it  is  a  little  shorter. 

L.  ferruginea  Say ,  L.  conspersa  Lee.  and  L.  immaculata  Say ,  besides  L.  my- 


4  18  [December, 

labrina  Chevr.  and  L.  convexa  Lee.,  already  known  from  that  region,  are  also 
contained  in  the  collection. 


The  Committee  on  Dr.  Leidy’s  paper  on  11  Bathygnathus  borealis,  an 
extinct  Saurian  of  the  new  Red  Sandstone  of  Prince  Edwards  Island,” 
reported  in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Journal. 

The  Committee  on  a  paper  by  Mr.  Conrad,  “  Monograph  of  the  genus 
Argonauta,  with  descriptions  of  five  new  species,”  reported  in  favor  of 
publication  in  the  Journal. 

The  Committee  on  the  two  following  papers  by  Mr.  Conrad,  reported 
in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings. 

Synopsis  of  the  Genera  Cassidula,  Humph.,  and  of  a  proposed  new  genus  Athleta. 
By  T.  A.  Conrad. 

Cassidula,  Humph.,  Melongena,  Schum. 

The  genus  Cassidula  was  founded  by  Humphreys  on  Buccinum  calcaratum 
(Solander,)  who  included  Murex  melongena ,  Lin.  and  a  Florida  shell  which  he 
terms  M.  cornuta ,  and  cites  Buccinum  trames,  Solander.  This  may  be  Murex 
corona,  Gmel. 

I  know  of  but  one  fossil  species  of  this  genus,  if  indeed  it  really  belongs  to  it, 
in  the  Eocene  formation.  I  propose  it  at  present  as  the  type  of  a  subgenus,  to 
which  I  can  refer  no  other  species. 

Subgenus  Lacinia,  Con. 

Globose  ;  pillar  lip  widely  reflected,  callous  ;  basal  emargination  profound ; 
base  dilated. 

I  have  given  a  name  to  this  subgenus  which  Humphreys  applied  to  some  un¬ 
known  shell  without  describing  it. 

Fossil  species ,  (Eocene.) 

C.  (Lacinia)  Alveata. 

Melongena  alveata,  Silliman’s  Journ.  Jan.  1833,  xxiii,  p.  344 :  Con.  Tert. 
Foss.  p.  37,  pi.  15,  fig.  2. 

Fyrula  Smithii,  Lea.  Cont.  to  Geol.  p.  153  ;  pi.  5,  fig.  162.  Dec.  1833. 
Locality.  Claiborne,  Alab. 

Miocene  species. 

C.  Lainei, 

Fyrula  Lanei,  Bast.  Grateloup.  Conch.  Foss,  des  Terr.  Tert.  PI.  1, 
fig.  2,  3,  8. 

C.  stromboides.  Fyrula  stromboides,  Bast.  Grat.  ib.  2,  3. 

Recent  Species. 

C.  H1PPOCASTANUM. 

Murex  hippo castanilm.  Born.  Mus.  1780,  p.  309.  Dillwyn.  Cat.  p.  710. 
Buccinum  calcaratum ,  Soland. 

Cassidula  calcarata ,  Humph.  Cat.  1797,  p.  32. 

Murex  calcaratus,  Dillwyn.  Cat.  p.  710. 

Fyrula  galeodes ,  Lam.  An.  sans  vert.  (Desh.  ed.)  ix.  p.  517.  Reeve.  Mon. 
Pyrula,  No.  22. 

Inhabits  Island  of  Samar,  Philippines. 

C.  MELONGENA. 

Murex  melongena,  Lin.  Martini,  ii.  p.  74.  t.  39,  fig.  389.  Dillwyn,  Cat. 
p.  710. 

Fyrula  melongena,  Lam.  An.  sans  Vert.  ix.  p.  509. 

Inhabits  the  West  Indies. 

C.  BISPINOSA, 

Fyrula  bispinosa,  Philippt,  Abb.  und  Besch.  Conch.  Pyrula,  pi.  1,  fig.  7,  8. 

Reeve.  Pyrula,  No.  18. 

Inhabits 


1853.] 


449 


C.  PATULA. 

Inhabits  Bay  of  Caraccas  (on  mud  banks,)  Cuming. 

C.  corona. 

Pyrula  patula,  Brod.  and  Low.  Zool.  Journ.iv,  p.  377.  Reeve,  Pyrula, No.  20. 
Murex  corona ,  Gmel. 

Fusus  corona ,  Lam.  An.  sans  Vent.  (ed.  of  Desh.)  ix,  p.  453. 

Buccinum  omatum ,  Say.  Journ.  A.  N.  S.  ii,  p.  229. 

Melongena  corona.  Silliman’s  Journ.  (new  series)  ii,  p.  297. 

Inhabits  Florida. 

C.  ?  PARADISIACA. 

Pyrum  paradisiacum ,  Martini,  iii,  pi.  94,  fig.  909,  910. 

Pyrula  nodosa ,  Lam.  An.  sans  Vert.  (ed.  of  Desh.)  ix,  p.  518. 

Inhabits  Ceylon,  Mozambique,  &c. 

ATHLETA,  Con. 

Ovate,  voluta-shaped  ;  spire  short,  acute;  columella  with  plaits  as  in  Voluta. 
A  callous  projecting  on  the  shoulder,  and  covering  a  portion  of  the  spire. 

A.  RARISPINA. 

Voluta  rarispina ,  Lam.  An.  sans  Vert.  (Desh.  ed.)  x,  p.  426.  Enc.  Method, 
pi.  384,  fig  2. 

Locality ,  Dax,  in  Miocene. 

A.  AFFINIS. 

Voluta  affinis,  Brong.  Grateloup.  Tert.  Foss.  pi.  1,  fig.  16,  20.  V.  rarispina , 
jun9  Desh. 

A.  Tuomeyi,  Con. 

Ovato-turbinate,  with  revolving  lines  distinct  on  the  lower  half  and  obsolete 
above  on  the  body  whorl ;  shoulder  with  distant  prominent  acute  spines ; 
between  the  spines  and  suture  the  side  is  flattened,  swelling  a  little  near  the 
suture,  and  has  a  few  revolving  raised  unequal  lines;  penultimate  whorl  con-' 
cealed  by  the  callous,  above  which  the  whorls  are  finely  tuberculated  and 
somewhat  turrited ;  columella  with  2  prominent  plaits  and  3  obsolete  ones. 
Length  11  inch. 

Locality.  Bashia  creek,  Clarke  co.,  Alab. 

I  have  given  Mr.  Tuomey’s  name  to  this  interesting  shell  which  was  originally 
referred  by  him  to  V.  Sayana  with  doubt.  Mr.  Tuomey  says  the  group  of  fossils 
in  this  locality  are  very  distinct  from  those  of  Claiborne,  and  I  have  no  doubt  the 
deposit  will  prove  to  be  an  upper  bed  of  the  Eocene  which  may,  when  the  fossils 
are  all  collected,  be  found  to  contain  some  of  the  species  of  the  Older  Miocene  as 
it  occurs  at  Vicksburg,  Miss.  The  Athleta  Tuomeyi ,  though  a  very  distinct 
shell,  is  related  to  a  Miocene  fossil  of  Dax,  (A.  rarispina ,)  which  is  an  abundant 
species.  The  genus  appears  to  have  no  living  representative. 


Omissions  and  Corrections  to  the  Synopsis  of  the  North  American  Naiades. 
By  T.  A.  Conrad. 

U.  perobliquus,  Conrad.  Monog.  p.  51,  pi.  27,  fig.  2. 

U.  Rangianus,  (female,)  Lea.  1838,  vi,  95,  18,  56. 

U.  Sageri,  Conrad.  Monog.  p.  53,  pi.  29,  fig.  1. 

Stroph.  Etowaensis,  instead  of  Etowaosist  see  Proceed.  A.  N.  S.  vi.  p.  263. 
Monodontina  Buschiana,  Conrad.  (Marg.  Vondenbuschiana,  Lea.)  ib.  p.  269. 
U.  pectitus  belongs  to  Agassiz’s  proposed  genus  Scalenaria. 

U.  Aberti  Cyprogenia. 

U.  fragosus,  nobilis,  apiculatus  .  .  Quadrula. 

Note  on  Requienia?  Senseni. 

I  propose,  in  the  uncertainty  of  the  reference  of  this  shell,  to  institut  sub¬ 
genus,  under  the  name  of  Arietina. 

Inequivalved  ;  both  valves  deep,  with  involute  beaks. 

61 


I 


450 


[December, 


The  Committee  on  Mr.  Cassin' s  u  Synopsis  of  the  Falconidae,  &c./' 
reported  in  favor  of  publication  in  the  Proceedings. 

Synopsis  of  the  Species  of  Falconidae  which  inhabit  America  north  of  Mexico ; 
with  descriptions  of  new  species. 

By  John  Cassin. 

1.  Subfamily  FALCONING. 

1.  Genus  Falco,  Linn. 

1.  Falco  anatum,  Bonaparte.  Comp.  List.,  p.  4,  (1838).  Wilson.  Am.  Orn., 
ix.  pi.  76.  Aud.  B.  of  Am.,  pi.  16. 

Hab.  Eastern  North  America,  Cuba. 

2.  Falco  nigriceps,  Cassin.  Birds  of  California  and  Texas,  i.  p.  87,  (1853). 
Hab.  Western  North  America,  Chili. 

3.  Falco  polyagrus,  Cassin.  Birds  of  California  and  Texas,  i.  p.  88,  (1853.) 
Hab.  Oregon,  California. 

2.  Genus  Hierofalco,  Cuvier. 

1.  Hierofalco  sacer,  (Forster.)  Aud.  B.  of  Am.,  pi.  196. 

Falco  sacer,  Forster.  Philos.  Trans.  London,  LXII.  p.  423,  (1772.) 

“  Falco  islandicus,”  Aud.  Orn.  Biog.,  ii.,  p.  552. 

Hab.  Northern  regions,  Greenland,  Labrador. 

3.  Genus  Hypotriorchis,  Boie. 

1.  Hypotriorchis  columbarius,  (Linn.)  Wilson.  Am.  Orn.,  ii.,  pi.  15,  fig.  3. 
Aud.  B.  of  Am.,  pi.  75,  92. 

Falco  columbarius,  Linn.  Syst.  Nat.,  i.,  p.  128,  (1766). 

Hab.  Throughout  North  America. 

4.  Genus  Tinnunculus. 

1.  Tinnunculus  sparverius,  (Linn.) 

Falco  sparverius,  Linn.  Syst.  Nat.,  i.,  p.  128,  (1766). 

Hab.  The  entire  continent  of  America. 

II.  Subfamily  ACCIPITRIN^E. 

1.  Genus  Astur,  Lacepede. 

1.  Astur  atricapillus,  (Wilson.)  Wilson  Am.  Orn.,  vi.,  pi.  52,  fig.  3.  Aud. 
B.  of  Am.,  pi.  141. 

Falco  atricapillus,  Wilson.  Am.  Orn.,  vi.,  p.  80,  (1812). 

Hab.  Northern  and  Eastern  North  America. 

2.  Genus  Accipiter,  Brisson. 

1.  Accipiter  Cooperii,  (Bonaparte.)  Bonap.  Am.  Orn.,  ii.,  pi.  1.  Aud.  B- 
of  Am.,  pi.  36,  141. 

Falco  Cooperii,  Bonap.  Am.  Orn.  ii.,  p.  1,  (1828). 

Hab.  Throughout  North  America. 

2.  Accipiter  mexicanus,  Swainson.  Faun.  Bor.  Am.  Birds,  p.  45,  (1831). 
Hab.  California,  Mexico. 

3.  Accipiter  fuscus,  (Gmelin.)  Wilson.  Am.  Orn.,  v.,  pi.  45,  fig.  1.  Aud.  B. 
of  Am.,  pi.  374. 

Falco  fuscus,  Gm.  Syst.  Nat.,  i.,  p.  280,  (1788). 

Hab.  Throughout  North  America. 


1853.] 


451 


III.  Subfamily  BUTEONINiE. 

1.  Genus  Buteo,  Cuvier. 

1.  Buteo  borealis,  (Gmelin.)  Wilson  Am.  Orn.,  vi.,pl.  52.  Aud.  B.  of  Am- 
pi.  51. 

Falco  borealis,  Gmelin.  Syst.  Nat.,  i.,  p.  266,  (1788). 

Hab.  Eastern  North  America,  Fur  countries,  Wisconsin,  Florida,  Cuba, 
Jamaica. 

2.  Buteo  Swainsoni,  Bonaparte.  Comp.  List,  p.  3,  (1838).  Rich,  and  Sw. 
Fauna  Boreali  Americana,  Birds,  pi.  27.  Aud.  B.  of  Am.,  pi.  372. 

“  Buteo  vulgaris.”  Rich,  and  Sw.  and  Aud. 

Hab.  Western  North  America,  Oregon,  California. 

3.  Buteo  lineatus,  (Gmelin.)  Wilson.  Am.  Orn.,  pi.  53,  fig.  3.  Aud.  B. 
of  Am.,  pi.  56,  71. 

Falco  lineatus,  Gmelin.  Syst.  Nat.,  i.,  p.  268,  (1788). 

Ilab.  Throughout  North  America. 

4.  Buteo  Bairdii,  Hoy.  (New  species.) 

Size  smaller  than  B.  lineatus ,  wings  long  and  pointed,  with  the  third  primary 
longest,  second  rather  longer  than  the  fifth,  first  about  the  same  length  as  the 
sixth.  Entire  plumage  of  the  upper  parts  dark  brownish  with  a  purplish  lustre, 
especially  obvious  on  the  primaries.  Plumage  of  the  head  and  neck  behind  and 
some  feathers  on  the  back  edged  and  tipped  with  yellowish  white,  upper  tail 
coverts  yellowish  white  with  transverse  bars  of  brown.  Tail  above  dark  ashy 
brown,  with  about  ten  bands  of  dark  brown  and  tipped  with  white.  Entire 
under  parts  and  under  wing  coverts  fine  pale  yellowish  white  with  a  few  sagit¬ 
tate  spots  of  brown  on  the  sides,  and  a  distinct  stripe  of  brown  running  down¬ 
wards  from  the  corner  of  the  mouth.  Front  at  the  base  of  the  upper  mandible 
white.  Cere,  legs  and  irides  yellow. 

Younger  ?  Entire  upper  parts  very  dark  brown  or  nearly  black  with  purplish 
lustre,  and  entire  under  parts  with  almost  every  feather  having  a  large  longitu¬ 
dinal  stripe  or  spot  of  the  same,  this  color  (brownish  black)  predominating  on 
the  breast,  and  on  the  throat  assuming  the  form  of  narrow  longitudinal  stripes. 
Flanks  and  under  wing  coverts  with  rounded  spots  of  white.  Tibiae  dark  brown 
with  transverse  bars  and  rounded  and  oval  spots  of  pale  reddish  white.  Upper 
tail  coverts  reddish  white  with  their  outer  edges  brown,  and  with  transverse 
stripes  of  brown.  Under  tail  coverts  yellowish  -white  with  transverse  stripes  of 
brown.  Stripes  from  the  corners  of  the  mouth  wide  and  conspicuous.  Front 
white,  cheeks  yellowish  white.  Sex  unknown. 

Dimensions. — Female.  Total  length  19|  inches,  wing  14,  tail  S,  extent  of 
wings  48  inches,  tail  about  an  inch  longer  than  the  folded  wings. 

Hab.  State  of  Wisconsin. 

Ohs — Two  specimens  of  this  remarkable  Buteo  are  now  in  the  collection  of 
the  Academy,  for  which  it  is  indebted  to  Mr.  William  Dudley,  Secretary  of  the 
Wisconsin  Natural  History  Association,  and  to  P.  R.  Hoy,  M.  D.,  of  Racine, 
Wisconsin.  It  bears  a  general  resemblance  to  the  European  B.  vulgaris ,  and 
also  to  B.  pennsylvanicus ,  but  is  quite  different  from  either  and  from  any  other 
species  known  to  me. 

Accompanying  Dr.  Hoy’s  specimen  were  some  interesting  notes  of  the  manners 
of  this  species,  with  measurements  of  the  recent  bird.  It  is  named  by  him  in 
honor  of  our  mutual  and  highly  esteemed  friend  Professor  Spencer  F.  Baird,  of  the 
Smithsonian  Institution,  one  of  the  most  eminent  of  American  naturalists,  and 
whose  exertions  have  contributed  in  a  most  important  manner  to  the  development 
of  the  natural  history  of  the  United  States. 

5.  Buteo  pennsylvanicus,  (Wilson.)  Wilson.  Am.  Orn.,  vi.,  pi.  54,  fig.  1. 
Aud.  B.  of  Am.,  pi.  91. 

Falco  pennsylvanicus,  Wilson.  Am.  Orn  ,  vi.,  p.  92,  (1812). 

Hab.  Eastern  North  America. 

6.  Buteo  Harlani,  (Aud.)  Aud.  B.  of  Am.,  pi.  86 

Falco  Harlani,  Audubon.  Orn.  Biog.,  i.,  p.  441,  (1831). 

Hab.  Louisiana,  Mexico. 


452 


[December; 


2.  Genus  Archibutbo,  Brehm. 

«.  of  Am^ p°? «2.,°Cti’JOh*",,“’  <°”eliD-)  Wil“"-  Am-  Vi.  pi.  53.  Aud. 
Fako  sanclijohannis,  Gm.  Syst.  Nat.,  i.,  p.  273,  (1788). 

Hob.  Eastern  North  America.  1 

Am.,  pL  IS160  laS°PU8’  (G“elin°  Wilson‘  Am*  Om.,  pi-  33.  And.  B.  of 

xt  x  Fa’l0  lag°Pus>  Gm.  Syst.  Nat.,  i.,  p.  260,  (1788). 

Hah.  Throughout  North  America. 

3*  AF»KbUfte°  feFrnPneTa.8’  (Lichtenstein.)  Gray.  Genera  of  Birds,  i.,  pi.  6. 
xr  Fal^°  f®rru.glneus>  Licht.  Trans.  Berlin  Acad.,  1832,  p.  429. 
tlab*  California. 

IV.  Subfamily  MILVIN^E. 

1.  Genus  Nauclerus,  Vigors. 

pi  ENauderus  furcatus,  (Linn.)  Wilson.  Am.  Orn.,  vi.,  p.  51.  Aud.  B.  of  Am. 

_  Faj5°  1'itcatus,  Linnaeus.  Syst.  Nat.,  i.,  p.  129,  (1766). 

Hal.  Southern  and  Central  North  America.  V  ' 

2.  Genus  Elancs,  Savigny. 

pL leUCUrUS-  <Vieillot->  Bonap.  Am.  Orn.,  ii.,  pi.  11.  Aud.  B.  of  Am- 

Milvus  leucurus,  Vieill.  Nouv.  Diet.  d’Hist.  Nat.,  *x.,  p.  563,(1819). 
Hah.  Southern  North  America,  California,  South  America.  *  ' 

3.  Genus  Ictinia,  Vieill. 

AaIi^L“iAmU,‘pl,'!T,i’,<WU“”-)  Wil,on- Am-  On,.,  iii.,  pi.  25,  fig.  1- 

Falco  mississippjensis,  Wilson.  Am.  Orn.,  iii.,  p.  SO,  (1811). 

Han.  {Southern  North  America.  v 

4.  Genus  Rostrhamus,  Lesson. 

1.  Rostrhamus  sociabilis,  (Vieillot.)  Spix.  Av.  Bras.,  i.,pl.  2. 

Ency- Meth-  •-  »•  im8>  <•*> 

5.  Genus  Circus,  Lacepede. 

Am*.  8in“i“;fif  i""0  Wn~  Am-  *.*«•  5‘.  ««•  A  Bonap. 

w  .'itaSSSSJSSA  u&"‘U’  i> p-  128>  <1766>- 

V.  Subfamily  AQUILINA2. 

1.  Genus  Aquila,  Mcehring. 

of  Am  qplIa81hry8aet08’  <LinD')  WilsOD-  Am*  0rn*>  vii*»  P>-  55,  fig.  1.  Aud.  B. 
Falco  chrysaetos,  Linn.  Syst.  Nat.,  i.,  p.  125,  (1766). 

Hal.  Throughout  North  America.  1 

2.  Genus  Haliaetus,  Savigny. 

1.  Haliaetuspelagicus,  (Pallas.)  Cassin,  Birds  of  California  and  Texas,  i.,pl.  6. 

Hat. *•>  P'  343>  C3'1)' 

2.  HaliaStus  Washington!!,  (Audubon.)  Aud.  B.  of  Am.,  pi.  n. 

ta Ico  Washingtonii,  Aud.  Orn.  Biog.,  i.,  p.  58,  (1831). 

Hob.  Kentucky.  Western?  *  1  ; 


453 


1853.] 

3.  Haliaetus  albicilla,  (Linn.)  Gould.  B.  of  Eur.,  i.,  pi.  10. 

Vultur  albicilla,  Linn.  Syst.  Nat.  i.,  p.  123,  (1766). 

Hab.  Northern  North  America,  Greenland. 

4.  Haliaetus  leucocephalus,  (Linn.)  Wilson.  Am.  Orn.,  iv.,  pi.  36.  Aud.  B. 
of  Am.,  pi.  31,  126. 

Falco  leucocephalus,  Linn.  Syst.  Nat.,  i.,  p.  124,  (1766). 

Hab.  Throughout  North  America. 

3.  Genus  Pandion,  Savigny. 

1.  Pandion  carolinensis,  (Gmelin.)  Wilson  Am.  Orn.,  v.,  pi.  37,  fig.  1.  Aud. 
B.  of  Am.,  pi.  81 . 

Falco  carolinensis,  Gm.  Syst.  Nat.  i.,  p.  371,  (1788). 

Hab.  Throughout  North  America. 

4.  Genus  Polyborus,  Vieillot. 

1.  Polyborus  brasiliensis,  (Gmelin.)  Aud.  B.  of  Am.,  pi.  161. 

Falco  brasiliensis,  Gm.  Syst.  Nat.,  i.,  p.  262,  (1788). 

Hab.  Southern  North  America,  Texas,  Mexico. 

5.  Genus  Morphnus,  Cuvier. 

1.  Morphnus  unicinctus,  (Temminck.)  Aud.  B.  of  Am.,  pi.  392. 

Falco  unicinctus,  Temm.  PI.  Col.,  i.,  p.  (liv.  53,  about  1827.) 

Falco  Harrisii,  And.  Orn.  Biog.,  v.,  p.  30,  (1839). 

Hab.  Southern  North  America,  Texas,  Mexico. 

Obs. — The  above  comprise  all  the  species  which  have  been  well  established 
as  occurring  within  that  portion  of  North  America  which  is  north  of  Mexico.  Of 
these  species  several  are  of  exceedingly  rare  occurrence,  but  the  greater  part  are 
of  sufficient  abundance  to  be  readily  studied  by  the  ornithologist  or  obtained  by 
the  collector,  and  of  all  of  them  there  are  specimens  in  the  collection  of  the 
Academy.  Of  Buteo  Harlani  there  is  oue  specimen  which,  when  in  the  Rivoli 
collection,  was  pronounced  to  be  that  species  by  Mr.  Audubon,  Jnit  which  does 
not  correspond  with  his  plate  and  description  so  well  as  other  specimens  of  a 
different  species  from  Mexico,  now  in  the  collection,  and  of  this  species  alone 
have  I  doubts  about  the  correct  name.  It  is  in  all  probability  a  common  Mexi¬ 
can  bird,  though  whether  previously  described  or  not  I  am  not  at  present  pre¬ 
pared  to  say.  ,  .  _ 

The  object  of  this  synopsis  being  mainly  to  give  the  correct  nomenclature  and 
date  of  original  description,  the  numerous  synonymes  of  North  American 
Falconidae  have  been  omitted,  though  they  will- be  carefully  inserted  in  my 

Synopsis  in  Birds  of  California  and  Texas,  parts  3  and  4. 

In  addition  to  the  above  species,  there  are  in  the  collection  of  the  Academy 
several  specimens,  principally  western  and  northern,  which  have  been  referred 
with  doubt  to  known  species,  but  which  I  hope  to  further  examine  with  -  the  ad¬ 
vantage  of  other  collections  from  the  same  localities. 


The  Recording  Secretary  read  his  Annual  Report,  as  follows  : — 

REPORT 

OF  THE  RECORDING  SECRETARY 
For  1853. 

During  the  past  year,  from  Dec.  1,  1852,  to  Dec.  1,  1853,  there  have  been 
elected  fifty-one  Members  and  eleven  Correspondents. 

Four  members  have  died,  to  wit:  Prof.  W.  E.  Horner,  M.  D.,  Mr.  Francis 
Lennig,  John  Price  Wetherill,  late  Vice-President  of  the  Acadeiny,  and  Mr. 
Richard  H.  Kern,  who  was  killed  a  few  months  since  by  the  Indians,  at  the 
time  of  the  massacre  of  Captain  Gunnison’s  party,  on  the  Sevier  river. 


454 


[December, 

During  the  past  year,  from  January  1,  to  December  1,  1853,  the  following 
papers  have  been  read  before  the  Academy,  referred  to  Committees,  and  upon 
their  report,  published  in  the  Journal  and  Proceedings  of  the  Academy. 

By  John  Cassin,  three,  to  wit :  1.  Description  of  a  new  species  of  the  genus 
Scalops,  from  Oregon,  in  the  collection  of  the  United  States  Exploring  Expe¬ 
dition.  2.  Catalogue  of  the  Hirundinidae,  in  the  collection  of  the  Academy  of 
Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  July  1,  1853.  3.  Descriptions  of  new  species 

of  Hirundinidae  and  Psittacidae,  specimens  of  which  are  in  the  Collection  of  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia. 

By  Mr.  T.  A.  Conrad,  three,  to  wit :  1.  Synopsis  of  the  North  American 
Naiades.  2.  On  new  species  of  Unio — published  in  the  Journal.  3.  Monograph 
of  the  genus  Fulgur. 

By  Frederick  A.  Genth,  Ph.  D.,  two,  to  wit:  1.  On  a  variety  of  gray  Copper, 
perhaps  a  new  mineral.  2.  On  Ovvenite,  a  new  mineral. 

By  Charles  Girard,  five,  to  wit :  1.  Descriptions  of  new  Nemertians  and  Pla- 
narians,  from  the  coast  of  the  Carolinas.  2.  Observations  upon  the  American 
species  of  the  genus  Esox.  3.  Note  upon  a  nest  constructed  by  Catfishes. 
4.  Descriptions  of  some  new  Fishes,  from  the  liver  Zuni.  5.  List  of  Reptiles, 
collected  in  California  by  J.  L.  Le  Conte,  with  descriptions  of  New  Species. 

By  the  Rev.  M.  J.  Berkeley,  M.  A.,  F.L.S.,  and  Rev.  M.  A.  Curtis. — Exotic 
Fungi,  from  the  Schweinitz  Herbarium,  in  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of 
Philadelphia. 

By  Spencer  F.  Baird  and  Charles  Girard,  four,  to  wit:  1.  Descriptions  of  new 
species  of  Fishes,  collected  by  Captains  R.  B.  Marcy  and  George  B.  McClellan, 
in  Arkansas.  2.  Descriptions  of  new  species  of  Fishes,  collected  by  Mr.  John 
W.  Clarke,  in  the  United  States  and  Mexican  boundary  survey,  under  Lieut. 
Col.  James  D.  Graham.  3.  Descriptions  of  new  species  of  Reptiles,  col¬ 
lected  by  the  United  States  Exploring  Expedition.  4.  Researches  upon  Ne¬ 
mertians  and  Planarians. 

By  Francis  N.  Green,  M.  D. — Chemical  investigation  of  remains  of  Fossil 
Mammalia. 

By  S.  S.  Haldeman. — Descriptions  of  some  new  species  of  Insects,  with 
observations  on  described  species. 

By  Edward  Hallowell,  M.  D. — On  some  new  Reptiles  from  California. 

By  Adolphus  L.  Heermann,  M.  D. — Catalogue  of  the  Oological  Collection  in 
the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  Philadelphia. 

By  Pliny  R.  Hoy,  M.  D. — Three,  to  wit :  Notes  on  the  Ornithology  of  Wis¬ 
consin,  three  papers. 

By  Prof.  W.  G.  Harvey  and  Prof.  J.  W.  Bailey. — New  species  of  Diatomaceae 
collected  by  the  United  States  Exploring  Expedition. 

By  Isaac  Lea. — 1.  Notice  of  the  Mya  nodulosa,  Wood.  2.  On  the  Castalia  sul¬ 
cata,  Krauss. 

By  Major  John  Le  Conte,  F.L.S. — 1.  Description  of  a  new  species  of  Pacane 
Nut.  2.  Descriptions  of  three  new  species  of  Arvicola,  with  remarks  upon 
other  North  American  Rodents.  3.  Observations  on  Crotalus  horridus  and 
C.  durissus. 

By  John  L.  Le  Conte,  M.  D.,  seven,  to  wit :  1.  Descriptions  of  twenty  new 
species  of  Coleoptera,  inhabiting  the  United  States.  2.  Synopsis  of  the  Sil- 
phales  of  America,  North  of  Mexico.  3.  Synopsis  of  tne  Scaphidilia  of  the 
United  States.  4.  Synopsis  of  the  species  of  the  Histeroid  genus  Abraeus,  in¬ 
habiting  the  United  States.  5.  Synopsis  of  the  Meloides  of  the  United  States. 
6.  Synopsis  of  the  Endomochydae  of  the  United  States.  7.  Synopsis  of  the 
Atopidas,  Rhipiceridae  and  Cyphonidae  of  the  United  States. 

By  Lieut.  Maury,  U.  S.  N. — Observations  on  Atmospheric  Pressure. 

By  Dr.  S.  Weir  Mitchell. — On  the  influence  of  certain  states  of  Respiration  on 
the  Pulse. 

By  M.  C.  Read. — Notes  on  the  birds  of  Northern  Ohio. 

By  S.  W.  Woodhouse,  M.  D — 1.  Description  of  a  new  species  of  pouched 
Rat,  of  the  genus  Dipodomys,  Gray.  2.  Description  of  a  new  species  of  Mouse, 
of  the  genus  Hesperomys.  In  all  44. 


455 


1853.] 

During  the  past  year  the  By-laws  have  been  altered  as  follows  : 

Art.  III.  of  Chapter  III.,  strike  out  the  word  fifty  and  insert  one  hundred , 
making  the  clause  to  read  as  follows  : 

Art.  III.  But  any  member  who  shall  pay  into  the  hands  of  the  Treasurer  the 
sum  of  one  hundred  dollars  shall  be  exempt  from  all  future  semi-annual  contribu¬ 
tions. 

Art.  I.  of  Chapter  VIII,  altered  to  read  as  follows  : 

Any  Specimen  belonging  to  the  Academy  and  not  presented  under  restrictions, 
may  be  loaned  to  members  or  correspondents  for  purposes  of  scientific  investiga¬ 
tion  by  the  consent  of  three-fourths  of  the  Curators,  and  for  a  period  not  exceed¬ 
ing  three  months ;  any  person  to  whom  specimens  may  be  loaned  shall  first 
deposit  with  the  Curators  a  sum,  not  less  than  Fifty  Dollars,  in  cash,  which  they 
may  deem  necessary  to  ensure  the  safe  return  of  the  specimen,  and  he  shall  be 
subject  to  a  fine  equal  in  amount  to  one-third  of  the  security  given,  for  each 
month  that  the  specimen  may  be  retained  beyond  the  time  specified  for  its  re¬ 
turn.  The  specimen  loaned,  together  with  the  date  at  which  its  return  may  be 
due,  shall  be  reported  to  the  Academy  by  the  Curators  at  the  meetings  for  Busi¬ 
ness  in  March,  June,  September  and  December. 

All  of  which  is  respectfully  submitted  by 

B.  Howard  Rand, 

Recording  Secretary. 


The  Librarian  read  the  following  : 

REPORT  FOR  1853. 


The  entire  additions  to  the  Library  for  the  present  year  amount  to  1011 ;  of 
which  436  are  in  volumes,  432  in  parts  or  numbers,  and  the  remaining  143  in 
pamphlet  form.  They  may  be  classified  as  follows  : 


Volumes. 

Parts  or  Nos. 

P  amphlets 

Natural  Sciences,  . 

248 

120 

75 

Anatomy  and  Physiology, 

25 

16 

23 

Physical  Science  and  Chemistry, 
Journals,  Transactions,  Proceed-  i 

19 

91 

295 

13 

8 

ings,  &c.  of  Societies,  .  .  J 

Voyages  and  Travels, 

16 

1 

Geography,  .... 

5 

1 

Biography,  .... 

1 

3 

Languages,  .... 
Agriculture,  .... 

2 

4 

1 

Miscellaneous,  « 

25 

19 

Totals, 

436 

432 

143 

Of  the  whole  number,  we  have  received  from  Authors  68,  from  Editors  39 ; 
from  Societies  and  Corporations  170;  from  Dr.  Wilson  266;  from  Edward 
Wilson,  Esq.  407  ;  from  other  Members,  Correspondents,  &c.  56 ;  and  from  the 
United  States  Government  5.  Total  1011. 

The  number  of  volumes  now  in  the  Library  may  be  estimated  at  nearly  16,000, 
including  tracts  bound  in  volumes,  or  arranged  for  binding.  Of  these  about  5000 
are  on  subjects  of  Natural  Science,  nearly  3000  volumes  of  Transactions,  and  about 
1500  volumes  of  Voyages  and  Travels,  and  Anatomy  and  Physiology. 

An  opportunity  for  a  correct  enumeration  will  be  afforded,  it  is  hoped,  during 
the  coming  year,  when  the  contemplated  enlargement  of  the  accommodations  for 
the  Library  will  be  completed. 

The  increase  in  the  number  of  additions  this  year  from  Foreign  Societies  is  very 
gratifying,  most  of  them  having  been  obtained  by  exchange  of  publications. 


456  [December, 

Further  effort  might,  however,  secure  many  other  important  acquisitions  to  the 
list,  which  are  much  needed,  and  frequently  inquired  for. 

The  necessity  for  a  Library  Fund,  for  binding  and  incidental  expenses  is  be¬ 
coming  every  year  more  urgent.  For  a  long  period  the  Society  has  been  unable 
to  make  any  provision  of  this  kind  from  the  Treasury,  in  consequence  of  which 
large  collections  of  Tracts,  Periodicals,  and  volumes  bound  in  paper,  have  ac¬ 
cumulated,  and  are  with  difficulty  preserved  from  loss  or  injury. 

We  have  now  many  hundred  such  volumes,  and  certainly  not  less  than  2500 
Tracts,  the  binding  of  which,  however  plainly  and  economically  done,  would 
require  a  considerable  expenditure.  The  improved  condition  of  the  Treasury  of 
late  will  perhaps  authorise  an  appropriation  to  this  objectfat  present,  and  when¬ 
ever  hereafter  a  surplus  fund  at  the  end  of  each  year  would  admit  of  it,  subject 
to  the  approbation  of  the  Treasurer.  The  attention  of  the  Society  to  this  matter 
is  earnestly  requested. 

We  hope,  however,  that  the  day  is  not  distant,  when  a  permanent  Library 
Fund  will  be  established,  not  simply  for  meeting  the  ordinary  expenses  of  a 
large  Library,  but  sufficient  for  a  regular  annual  outlay  for  new  scientific  publi¬ 
cations. 

Respectfully  submitted  by  Wm.  S.  Zantzinger, 

Librarian. 

Hall  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences ,  December  27,  1853. 


The  following  Report  was  read  by  Dr.  Leidy  : — 

REPORT  OF  THE  CURATORS  FOR  1853. 

The  great  increase  of  the  Cabinet  of  the  Academy  has  rendered  an  enlarge¬ 
ment  of  its  building  absolutely  necessary,  not  only  to  accommodate  new  collec¬ 
tions  which  may  be  received,  but  also  to  arrange  those  already  in  our  possession. 
The  means  through  which  this  much  desired  object  has  nearly  been  accomplished, 
were  obtained  from  members  of  the  Society  and  liberal  citizens  of  Philadelphia  ; 
and  we  shall  soon  have  almost  double  the  space  previously  occupied  by  the  mu¬ 
seum.  The  alterations  and  enlargement  of  the  building,  now  in  progress  of 
completion,  mainly  consist  of  an  additional  story,  the  floor  of  which  rests  upon 
the  upper  gallery  of  the  former  hall.  The  new  hall  has  three  ranges  of  galleries, 
while  the  former,  in  its  present  condition,  has  but  two. 

The  natural  history  collections  are  to  be  removed  from  the  east  basement  room 
to  the  upper  halls,  and  this  is  to  be  appropriated  to  the  library,  which  then  will 
occupy  the  entire  basement  of  the  building,  except  a  room  for  unpacking,  &c., 
and  a  small  office  for  the  Committee  of  Publication. 

Another  important  arrangement  to  be  made  is  the  construction  of  small 
rooms  for  the  different  committees,  which  will  afford  increased  facilities  in  the 
transaction  of  business  and  the  arrangement  of  the  museum.  Four  of  these  will 
be  made  in  the  upper  hall,  and  three  in  the  lower  one. 

During  the  year  just  about  closing,  the  donations  to  the  museum,  except  in  one 
department,  that  of  comparative  anatomy,  have  been  unusually  small,  which, 
however,  in  part  arises  from  the  approaching  completeness  of  several  of  its  col¬ 
lections.  The  donations  in  the  different  classes  of  natural  history  are  as  follows: 

Mammalia. — Of  this  class  32  species  have  been  presented,  principally  by  Dr* 
Heermann,  Dr.  Watson,  Col.  McCall,  and  Mr.  J.  Krider. 

Aves. — Of  mounted  specimens  of  birds,  and  of  bird-skins,  there  have  been  re¬ 
ceived  107  of  73  species,  of  which  one  collection  of  23  species  of  birds  of  Cali¬ 
fornia  was  presented  by  Dr.  Heermann,  and  32  species  collected  in  the  westein 
territories  were  presented  by  Col.  McCall. 


457 


1858 .] 

Of  nests,  those  of  2  species  of  birds,  and  of  eggs,  those  of  4  species  have  been 
presented. 

Reptilia. — Of  this  class  57  specimens  of  35  species  have  been  presented,  prin¬ 
cipally  by  the  Smithsonian  Institution.  Besides  these  Dr.  Ford,  of  the  Gaboon 
mission,  presented  a  valuable  collection  from  Western  Africa. 

Pisces. — 6  species  of  fishes  have  been  presented. 

Mollusca. — A  large  collection  of  marine  shells  from  Lower  California  were 
presented  by  Dr.  Heermann,  and  a  small  collection  from  Texas  by  Dr.  Engel- 
mann,  besides  which  Mr.  Lea  presented  an  interesting  specimen  of  P kolas  dac¬ 
tylics,  piercing  gneiss. 

Crustacea. — Of  this  class  9  species  have  been  presented,  principally  by  the 
Smithsonian  Institution. 

Insecta ,  Myriapoda  and  Zoophyta. — A  collection  of  insects  and  myriapods  of 
Western  Africa  was  presented  by  Dr.  Ford,  and  several  species  of  insects  from 
the  same  locality  by  Dr.  Hays.  A  few  insects  and  echinoderms  from  Texas 
were  presented  by  Dr.  Engelmann. 

Comparative  Anatomy. — To  this  department,  during  the  past  year,  the  cabinet 
has  received  the  richest  accessions. 

The  entire  anatomical  collection  of  our  late  lamented  president,  Dr.  Morton, 
consisting  of  867  human  crania,  601  crania  of  inferior  animals,  and  other  osteo- 
logical  specimens,  was  purchased  by  a  number  of  members  and  liberal  citizens 
and  presented  to  the  Academy.  ♦ 

Mr.  Fahnestock  presented  a  collection  of  33  crania  of  birds  and  mammals. 
Besides  these  10  other,  anatomical  specimens  have  been  received,  among  which 
are  a  fine  cranium  of  Phoca  leptonyx ,  presented  by  Lieut.  M.  G.  Watson, 
U.  S.  N.,  one  of  Auchenia  Lama ,  presented  by  Dr.  James  M.  Greene,  17.  S.  N., 
and  one  of  an  aboriginal  American  by  Dr.  R.  W.  Gibbes. 

Botany. — Our  herbarium  has  been  enriched  by  a  collection  of  Arctic  plants, 
presented  by  Dr.  E.  K.  Kane,  U.  S.  N-,  and  one  of  61  species  of  woods  from  Dr. 
Engelmann,  of  St.  Louis.  Besides  the  above,  59  botanical  specimens  were  pre¬ 
sented,  among  which  is  a  collection  of  marine  algae  from  Mr.  Ashmead,  and  16 
species  of  fruits  from  Mr.  Ellis  Yarnall,  Jr. 

Palaeontology . — 112  specimens  of  organic  remains  have  been  presented,  prin" 
cipally  from  Dr.  A.  T.  King,  Mr.  L.  J.  Germain,  and  Mr.  T.  Conrad.  Among 
them  is  the  unique  specimen  of  the  Bathygnathus  borealis ,  of  the  New  Red  Sand¬ 
stone  of  Prince  Edward’s  Island,  presented  by  Messrs.  Lea,  Yaux  and  Dr.  Leidy. 

Mineralogy. — Of  minerals  31  specimens  have  been  presented,  principally  by 
Mr.  C.  M.  Wheatley  and  Dr.  Rand. 

The  above  report  is  respectfully  submitted  by 

Joseph  Leidy, 

December  21th,  1853.  Chairman  of  the  Curators. 


The  Annual  Report  of  the  Treasurer  was  read  and  referred  to  the 
Auditors. 

Mr.  Yaux  offered  a  Resolution  which  was  adopted, (C  that  the  privilege 
of  endorsing  tickets  of  admission  to  the  Museum  on  public  days  be 
granted  to  Mrs.  Wetherill,  widow  of  our  late'  esteemed  ;Vice  Presi¬ 
dent,  John  Price  Wetherill,  and  that  she  be  authorised  and  invited  to 
visit  at  all  times  the  Museum  and  Library  of  the  Academy/’ 


458 


[December, 


to  elect  Officers  and  a  Publication  Com- 
The  following  members  were  announced 


The  Society  then  proceeded 
mittee  for  the  ensuing  year, 
duly  elected : 

President ,  - 

Vice  Presidents , 

Corresponding  Secretary , 
Recording  Secretary , 
Librarian,  - 
Treasurer ,  - 

Curators ,  - 


Auditors , 

Publication  Committee , 


George  Ord. 

Robert  Bridges,  M.  D., 

Isaac  Lea. 

John  L.  LeConte,  M.  D. 

B.  Howard  Band,  M.  D. 

Wm.  S.  Zantzinger,  M.  D. 

George  W.  Carpenter. 

Joseph  Leidy,  M.  D., 

William  S.  Yaux, 

Samuel  Ashmead, 

John  Cassin. 

Bobert  Pearsall, 

Samuel  Ashmead, 

James  C.  Fisher,  M.  D. 

Wm.  S.  Yaux, 

Bobert  Bridges, 

Isaac  Lea, 

W.  S.  W.  Buschenberger,  M.  D., 
H.  C.  Hanson. 


election  of  member  and  correspondent. 

John  B.  Biddle,  M.  D.,  of  Philadelphia,  was  elected  a  Member ,  and 
Prof.  John  LeConte,  of  Athens,  Georgia,  was  elected  a  Correspondent. 


CATALOGUE 


OP  THE 

OOLOGICAL  COLLECTION 

IN 

THE  ACADEMY  OF  NATURAL  SCIENCES 

0?  PHILADELPHIA: 

BT 

JL  L.  HEEKMANN,  M,  D 


"March  1,  1853. 


1st  Order  ACCIPITRES. 

I.  Family  VULTURIDiE. 

Gypaetus  barbatus  (Linn.)  Greece.  From  Mons.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 
Neophron  percnopterus  (Linn.)  France.  From  the  same. 

Cathartes  iota  (Molina.)  Buenos  Ayres.  From  the  same. 

££  Brasiltensis  (Lath.)  Brazil.  From  the  same. 

“  aura  (Linn.)  Maryland.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann,  M.D. 
“  atratus  (Bartr.)  S.  Carolina.  From  the  same. 

Vultur  monachus  Linn.  Greece.  From  Mons.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 
Otogyps  auricularis  (Daiid.)  Africa.  From  the  same. 

Gyps  fulvus  (Gmel.)  France.  From  the  same. 

“  “  Greece.  From  the  same. 

“  Bengalensis  (Gmel.)  Asia.  From  the  same. 


“  jackal  (Daud.)  Africa. 

“  erythronotus  (King.)  Chili. 

“  rutilans  (Lichst.)  Paraguay. 

££  borealis  (Gmel.)  N.  America. 


II.  Family  FALCONID^. 

Milvago  chimango  (Vieill.)  Paraguay.  From  Mons.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

Polyborus  vulgaris  Vieill.  Paraguay.  From  the  same. 

“  “  Cuba.  From  Mons.  La  Sagra’s  Collection. 

Bdteo  vulgaris  Bechst.  France.  From  Mons.  Des  Murs’ Collection. 

From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 

lineatus  (Gmel.)  Pennsylvania.  Presented  by  Mr.  John  Krider. 
Archibuteo  lagopus  (Briin.)  France.  From  Mons.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

Aquila  fulva  (Linn.)  France,  Pyrenees.  From  the  same. 

££  ££  Switzerland.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann,  M.  D. 

££  heliaca  Sav.  Algeria.  From  Mons.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

££  n^via  (Gmel.)  Island  of  Rugen.  From  the  same. 

££  BoneLlii  (Temm.)  Greece.  From  the  same. 

“  morphuoides  Gould.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

“  audax  (Lath.)  Africa.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 

Circaetus  gallicus  (Gmel.)  France.  From  Mons.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

((  thoracicus  Cuvier.  Africa.  From  the  same. 

Pandion  halijetus  (Linn.)  France.  From  the  same. 

“  Carolinensis  (Gmel.)  New  Jersey.  Presented  by  Mr.  S.  Ashmead, 
{(  “  N.  Jersey.  Presented  by  Wm.  Gambel,  M.D. 

“  “  Maryland.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann,  M.D 

<£  leucocephalus  Gould.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

Hali.etus  albicillus  Linn.  Europe.  From  Mons.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

££  leucocephalus  (Linn.)  N.  Jersey.  Presented  by  Mr.  S.  A shmead. 
££  Macei  (Temm.)  India.  From  Mons.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

££  vocifer  (Daud.)  South  Africa.  From  the  same. 

Helotarsus  ecaudatus  (Shaw.)  South  Africa.  From  the  same. 


4' 


Haliasttjr  leucostemus  (Gould.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection*- 
££  sphenurus  (Vieill.)  Australia.  Ditto. 

££  indus  (Bodd.)  India.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.D. 

Falco  gyrfalco  Linn.  Iceland.  From  Mons.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

££  peregrinus  Linn.  France.  From  the  same. 

££  ££  Saxony.  From  the  same. 

££  ££  Great  Britain.  From  the  same. 

££  melanogenys  Gould.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

Mypotriorchis  subbuteo  (Linn.)  France.  From  Mons  Des  Murs’ Collection. 
£<-  ££-  Germany.  From  the  same. 

££  ®salon  (Gmel.)  France.  From  the  same. 

££  Eleanor®  (Gene.)  Italy.  From  the  same. 

££  ££  Algiers.  Presented  by  Mr.  E.  Wilson. 

££  FRONTATUS  (Gould.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

Jeracidea  kerigora  (Vigs.  and  Horsf.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

££  Occident alis  Gould.  Australia. 

Tinnunculus  alaudarius  (Briss.)  West  Africa. 

Collection. 

££  ££  Hungary. 

££  ££  France. 

££  ££  Great  Britain. 

££  tinnuncueoides  (Natt.)  Spain. 

££  ££  Greece. 

££  rupicolits  (Daud.)  S.  Africa. 

££  rupicoloides  (Smith.)  S.  Africa. 

££  vespertinus  (Linn.)  Greece. 


From  the  same. 

From  Mons.  Des  Murs’’ 

From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 


££  cenchroides  (Vig.  and  Horsf.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s 
Collection. 

££'  sparverius  (Linn.)  Cuba.  From  Mons.  La  Sagra’s  Collection, 
Pernis  apivorus  (Linn.)  France.  From  Mons.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

Milvus  regalis  Briss.  France.  From  the  same. 

££  ater  (Gmel.)  Greece.  From  the  same'. 

££  ££  W.  Africa.  From  the  same. 

££  isurus  Gould.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

££-  cheela  (Lath.)  India.  Presented  by  Mr.  E.  Wilson. 

Elanus  melanopterus  (Daud.)  Egypt.  From  Mons.  Des  Murs’  Collection.-  ^ 
Astur  falumbarius  (Linn.)  France.  From  the  same. 

££-  Nov®  Hollandi®  (Gmel.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

££  atricapillus  (Wilson.)  Mass.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 
Accipiter  nistjs  (Linn.)  France.  From  Mons.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

££  rufiventris  Smith.  S.  Africa.  From  the  same. 

£t  fuscus  (Gmel.)  N.  Jersey.  Presented  by  Mr.  J.  Krider. 

££  Cooperii  (Pr.  Bonap.)  Penn.  Presented  by  C.  Pickering,  M.  D. 

££  gruentus  (Gould.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection.  JH 

££  approximans  (Vig.  and  Horsf.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

Melierax  canorus  (Thunb.)  S.  Africa.  From  Mons.  Des  Murs’  Collection.- 
Serpentarius  REPTiLivoRiis  Daud.  S»  Africa.  From  the  same. 

Circus  cyaneus  (Linn.)  France.  From  the  same. 

££  ®ruginosus  (Linn.)  France.  From  the  same. 

££  cinerascens  (Mont.)  France.  From  the  same. 

££  uliginosus  (Gmel.)  Missouri.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann,  M.  D- 
i:  assimilis  Jard.  and  Selby.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 
££  J'ardinii  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

££  ranivorus  (Daud.)  S.  Africa.  Presented  by  Mr.  E.  Wilson. 

maurus  (Temm.)  Tangier.  From  Mons.  Des  Murs’  Collection- 


5 


III.  Family  STRIGID.E. 


From  Mons.  Des  Murs’  Collection 
From  the  same. 


Strix  flammea  Linn.  France. 

“  c<  Algiers, 

Otus  vulgaris  Fleming.  France. 

“  brachyotos  (Gmel.)  Labrador. 

Syrnium  aluco  (Linn.)  France. 

<c  nebulosum  (Gmel.)  U.  States. 

Nyctale  funerea  (Linn.)  France. 

Bubo  maximus  Sibb.  France. 

“  virginianus  Briss.  Maryland. 
u  ascalaphus  Savigny.  Africa. 

“  maculosus  (Vieill.)  Africa. 


From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 

,  From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 

Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann,  M.  D. 
From  Mons.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 
From  the  same. 


Ephialtes  scops  (Linn.)  France.  From  the  same. 

“  asio  (Linn.)  Pennsylvania.  Presented  by  S.  W.  Woodhouse,  M.  D. 


Nyctea  nivea  (Daud.)  Arctic  America.  From  Mons.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 


Athene  noctua  (Retzius.)  France.  From  the  same. 

“  nana  (Yigs.)  S.  America.  From  the  same. 

“  suit  D’Orb.  Cuba.  From  Mons.  La  Sagra’s  Collection. 
tc  cuculoides  (Vig.)  India.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 

“  Brodiei  (Burt.)  India.  Presented  by  Mr.  E.  Wilson. 

ce  boobook  (Lath.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

Surnia  ulula  (Linn.)  Arctic  America.  From  Mons.  Des  Murs’  Collection.. 


Steatornis  caripensis  Humboldt. 
Collection. 


2d  Order  PASSERES. 

I.  Tribe  FISSIROSTRES. 

I.  Family  CAPRIMULGHLE. 

New  Grenada.  From  Mons.  Des  Mursr 


From  the  same. 

From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Col- 

From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 


((  “  S.  America. 

Pon argus  Cuvieri  Vig.  and  Horsf.  Australia, 
lection. 

“  brachypterus  Gould.  Australia. 
cc  humeralis  Vig.  and  Horsf.  Australia. 

A£gotheles  Novje  Hollandle  (Lath.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

Caprimulgus  Europ^us  Linn.  France.  From  Mons.  Des  Murs’ Collection. 

“  affinis  Horsf.  Sumatra.  From  the  same. 

Nyctibius  leucopterus  (De  Wied.)  S.  America.  From  the  same. 
Chordeiles  virginianus  (Briss.)  Virginia  and  Pa.  From  the  same. 

Lurocalis  leucopygius  (Spfx.)  Paraguay.  From  the  same. 

Eurostopodus  albogularis  (Vig.  and  Horsf.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s 
Collection. 

ce  guttatus  (Vig.  and  Horsf.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

Stenopsis  hirundinaceus  (Spix.)  Paraguay.  From.  Mons.  Des  Murs’  Col¬ 
lection. 

Antrostomus  vociferus  (Wilson.)  N.  Jersey.  Presented  by  Mr.  S.  Ashmead^ 


6 


II.  Family  HIRUNDINIDJE. 

Hirundo  rustica  Linn.  France.  From  M.  Des  Mars’  Collection. 

<e  rufa  Vieill.  Pennsylvania.  From  the  same. 

ee  frontalis  Quoy  and  Gaim.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s 
Collection. 

“  nigricans  Vieill.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

ariel  (Gould.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

<f  lunifrons  Say.  Rocky  Mountains.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heer- 

mann,  M.  D. 

“  bicolor  Vieill.  Maryland.  From  the  same. 

4C  albiventer  Bodd.  Paraguay.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

“  cyanoleuca  Vieill.  Chili.  From  the  same. 

Cypselus  melba  (Linn.)  France.  From  the  same. 

te  apus  (Linn.)  France.  From  the  same. 

“  Cayennensis  (Gmel.)  Paraguay.  From  the  same. 

Macropteryx  Klecho  (Rafil.)  Java.  From  the  same. 

Collocalia  nidifica  (Lath.)  Java.  From  the  same. 

(s  fuciphaga  (Thunb.)  Java.  From  the  same. 

Acanthylis  pelasgia  (Linn.)  Pennsylvania.  Presented  by  Professor  Baird. 
Atticora  leucosternon  Gould.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 
Progne  purpurea  (Linn.)  Pennsylvania.  Presented  by  Professor  Baird. 

Cotyle  riparia  (Linn.)  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

“  (C  Pennsylvania.  Presented  by  Wm.  Gambel,  M.  D. 

<c  serripennis  (Aud.)  Pennsylvania.  Presented  by  Professor  Baird. 

Chelidon  urbioa  (Linn.)  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 


III.  Family  CORACIDJE. 

Coracias  garrula  Linn.  Hungary.  From  M.  Des  Murs’ Collection. 
Eurystomus  facificus  (Lath.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 


V.  Family  ALCEDINID.E. 

Dacelo  gigas  (Bodd.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

Alcedo  ispida  Linn.  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs’ Collection. 

<c  beryllina  Vieill.  Java.  From  the  same. 

Ceryle  alcyon  (Linn.)  Maryland.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann,  M.  D. 
Corythornis  cristata  (Linn.)  Africa.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 
Alcyone  pulchra  Gould.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

Halcyon  sancta  Vig.  and  Horsf.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

“  Macleayii  Jard.  and  Selby.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

cyanoventris  (Vieill.)  Java.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 


VI.  Family  MEROPIDiE. 

Merops  apiaster  Linn.  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

“  ornatus  Lath.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 


7 


II.  Tribe  TENUIROSTRES. 

I.  Family  UPUPID^E. 

Upupa  epops  Linn.  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 


II.  Family  PROMEROPID.E. 

Nectarina  famosa  (Linn.)  Africa.  From  M.  Des  Murs’ Collection. 

££  minima  (Sykes.)  Africa.  From  the  same. 

Dictum  hirundinaceum  (Lath.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Col¬ 
lection. 

Certhiola  flaveola  (Linn.)  Guadeloupe.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 


III.  Family  TROCHILIDiE. 


Phjetornis  superciliosus  (Linn.)  Brazil.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

Polytmus  jugularis  (Linn.)  Martinique.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson, 
M.  D. 

“  simplex  (Less.)  Brazil.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 
tc  brevirostris  (Less.)  Brazil.  From  the  same. 

££  corallirostris  (Bourc.  and  Muls.)  Brazil.  From  the  same. 


Topaza  pella  (Linn.)  Brazil.  From  the  same. 
Calothorax  lucifer  (Swains.)  Brazil.  From  the  same. 


Mellisuga  Alexandri  (Bourc.  and  Muls.)  California.  Presented  by  A.  L. 
Heermann,  M.  D. 

“  minima  (Swains.)  Jamaica.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

“  moschita  (Linn.)  Guiana.  From  the  same* 

££  cristata  (Linn.)  Brazil.  From  the  same. 

“  D elalandii  (Vieill.)  Brazil.  From  the  same. 

££  amethystina  (Gmel.)  Brazil.  From  the  same. 


Hylocharis  ccerulea  (Vieill.)  N.  Grenada.  From  the  same. 

££  sapphirina  (Gmel.)  Brazil.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 
4£  cyanogenys  (Pr.  Max.)  Brazil.  From  the  same. 

“  prasina  (Less.)  Guiana.  From  M.  Des  Murs5  Collection. 


IV.  Family  MELIPHAGIDJE. 


Entomophila  albigularis  Gould.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 
££  rufigularis  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 


Glyciphila  albifrons  Gould.  Australia. 

££  ocularis  Gould.  Australia. 

££  melanops  (Lath.)  Australia. 

Acanthorynchus  tenuirostris  (Lath.)  Australia. 
££  superciliosus  Gould.  Australia. 


From  the  same. 
From  the  same. 
From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 
From  the  same. 


Meliphaga  phrygia  (Lath.)  Australia. 

££  ornata  Gould.  Australia. 

££  plumula  Gould.  Australia. 

‘£  sonora  Gould.  Australia. 

££  flavigula  Gould.  Australia. 

££  Nov^  Hollandi^:  (Lath.)  Australia. 

“  Australasiana  (Shaw.)  Australia. 

<£  mysticalis  Gould.  Australia. 

“  longirostris  Gould.  Australia. 


From  the  same. 
From  the  same. 
From  the  same. 
From  the  same. 
From  the  same. 
From  the  same. 
From  the  same. 
From  the  same. 
From  the  same. 


8 


Anthocilera.  mellivora  (Lath.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 
‘£  lunula ta  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

££  carunculata  (Lath.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

‘e  Lewinii  Vigs.  and  Horsf.  Australia.  From  M.  Des  Murs’ Col¬ 
lection. 

Phyllornts  aurifrons  Temm.  India.  Presented  by  Mr.  E.  Wilson. 

Tropidorhynchus  corniculatus  (Lath.)  Australia.  Presented  by  T.  B. 
Wilson,  M.  D. 

££  cyanotis  (Lath.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Col¬ 

lection. 

Manorhina  garrttla  (Lath.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

££  obscura  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

Melithreptus  lunulatus  (Shaw.)  Australia.  From  Mons.  Des  Murs’  Col¬ 
lection. 

££  atricapillus  (Lath.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

££  virescens  (Wagler.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

u  chloropsis  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 


Y.  Family  CERTHIDiE. 

Furnarius  rufus  (Gmel.)  Paraguay.  From  M.  Des  Murs’ Collection. 
Cinclodes  nigrofumosus  (D’Orb.  and  Lafr.)  Chili.  From  the  same. 

Syn allaxis  humicola  Kittl.  Chili.  From  the  same. 

Annumbius  acuticaudatus  (Less.)  Paraguay.  From  the  same. 

££  ruber  (Vieill.)  Paraguay.  From  the  same. 

Anabates  striatus  Spix.  Paraguay.  From  the  same. 

Picolaptes  brunneicapillus  (Lafr.)  Mexico.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann, 
M.D. 

Certhia  familiaris  Linn..  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

££  costa  Bailly.  Italy.  Presented  by  Mr.  E.  Wilson. 

££  Americana  Pr.  Bonap.  Vermont.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 
Tichidroma  muraria  (Linn.)  Switzerland.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann, 
M.D. 

Climacteris  scandens  Temm.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

££  rufa  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

Sitta  Europjea  Linn.  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

■*(  Syriaca  Ehrenb.  Dalmatia.  From  the  same. 

££  Carolinensis  Lath.  Virginia.  From  the  same. 

Troglodytes  parvulus  Koch.  France.  From  the  same. 

a  ££  England.  Presented  by  Mr.  E.  Wilson. 

££  hyemalis  Vieill.  Canada.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 

££  jEDON  Vieill.  Maryland.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann,  M.  D. 

<£  brevirostris  Aud.  Massachusetts.  From  Mons.  Des  Murs’ 

Collection. 

££  tlatensis  (Lath.)  Paraguay.  From  the  same. 

££  LiUdovicianus  (Lath.)  South  Carolina.  Presented  by  T.  B. 

Wilson,  M.  D. 

«  arundinaceus  Vieill.  Pennsylvania.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heer¬ 

mann,  M.D. 

•£i  Bewickii  Aud.  Maryland.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

££  chilensis  Less.  Brazil.  From  the  same. 

siortensis  Less.  Chili.  From  the  same. 


9 


Campylorhyncus  pallescens  (Lafr.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Col¬ 
lection. 


From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s 
From  the  same. 


III.  Tribe  D EXTIE  OS  TRES. 

I.  Family  LUSCINIDiE. 

Orthotomus  sepium  Horsf.  India.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

“  longicaudus  (Gmel.)  India.  From  the  same. 

Prixia  familiaris  Horsf.  India.  Presented  by  Mr.  E.  Wilson. 

Drymoica  cisticola  (Temm.)  Sicily.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

“  tetrix  (Yieill.)  Africa.  From  the  same. 

“  maculosa  (Bodd.)  Africa.  From  the  same. 

“  ruficeps  (Gould.)  Africa.  From  the  same. 

Calamanthus  fuliginosus  (Vig.  and  Horsf.)  Australia 
Collection. 

“  campestris  Gould.  Australia. 

Malurus  cyaneus  (Gmel.)  Australia.  From  Mons.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

“  <(  India.  Presented  by  Mr.  E.  Wilson. 

“  longicattdus  Gould.  Van  Diemen’s  Land.  From  Mons.  Des  Murs’ 
Collection. 

“  elegans  Gould.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

“  splendens  (Quoy  and  Gaim.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

“  melanocephalus  (Lath.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 
e£  Lambertii  Vig.  and  Horsf.  Australia.  Presented  by  Mr.  E.  Wilson. 

Stipiturus  malachurus  (Lath.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 
Amytis  macroura  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

Cinclorhamphus  cruralis  (Vig.  and  Horsf.)  Australia.  From  M.  Des  Murs’ 
Collection. 

“  cantillans  Gould.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Col¬ 

lection. 

((  strigatus  (Lath.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

Megalurus  rufescens  (Vig.  and  Horsf.)  Australia.  From  M.  Des  Murs’ 
Collection. 

“  palustris  Horsf.  Java.  From  the  same. 

“  gramineus  (Gould.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

Calamodyta  locustella  (Penn.)  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

“  N  melanopogon  (Temm.)  France.  From  the  same. 

“  phragmitis  (Bechst.)  France.  From  the  same. 

“  cetti  (Marm.)  France.  From  the  same. 

“  aquatica  (Lath.)  Germany.  From  the  same. 

“  luscinoides  (Sav.)  Piedmont.  From  the  same. 

“  arundinacea  (Linn.)  France.  From  the  same. 

“  olivetorum  (Strickl.)  Greece.  From  the  same. 

“  elaica  (Linderm.)  Greece.  From  the  same. 

“  palustris  (Bechst.)  Switzerland.  From  the  same. 

“  longirostris  (Gould.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Col¬ 

lection. 

<c  australis  (Gould.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

«  affinis  (Hodgs.)  India.  Presented  by  Mr.  E.  Wilson. 

Luscinia  major  Briss.  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs’ Collection. 

«  t{  Algiers.  From  the  same. 

(t  Philomela  Pr.  Bonap.  France.  From  the  same. 

2 


10 


.Edon  galactodes  (Teram.)  Greece.  From  the  same. 

Sylvia  melanocephala  (Gmel.)  France.  From  the  same. 
conspicillata  Marm.  Sardinia.  From  the  same. 
subalpina  Bonn.  Dalmatia.  From  the  same. 

undata  (Bodd.)  Europe.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 

Ruppellii  Temm.  Algiers.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 
curruca  Lath.  France.  From  the  same. 
atricapilla  (Briss.)  France.  From  the  same. 

cjnerea  (Briss.)  France.  From  the  same. 

noRTExsis  (Penn.)  France.  From  the  same. 

orphea  Temm.  France.  From  the  same. 

44  Algiers.  From  the  same. 

nisoria  Bechst.  France.  From  the  same. 

iiippolais  (Linn.)  France.  From  the  same. 

44  Tangier.  From  the  same. 

trochilus  (Linn.)  France.  From  the  same. 

sibilatrix  (Bechst.)  France.  From  the  same. 

rufa  (Lath.)  France.  From  the  same. 

Bonellii  (Vieill.)  France.  From  the  same. 

Regulus  cristatus  Ray.  France.  From  the  same. 

44  ignicapillus  Brehm.  France.  From  the  same. 

Culicivora  ccerulea  (Gmel.)  Pennsylv.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann,  M.D. 

Saxicola  jenanthe  (Linn.)  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

44  stapazina  (Linn.)  France.  From  the  same. 

44  aurita  Temm.  France.  From  the  same. 

44  leucomela  (Pall.)  Dalmatia.  From  the  same. 

44  leucura  (Gmel.)  France.  From  the  same. 

44  pileata  (Gmel.)  Africa.  From  the  same. 

44  caprata  (Linn.)  Africa.  From  the  same. 

44  explorator  (Vieill.)  Africa.  From  the  same. 

Pratincola  rubetra  (Linn.)  France.  From  the  same. 

44  rubicola  (Linn.)  France.  From  the  same. 

44  44  Africa.  From  the  same. 

Ruticilla  ph<enicurus  (Linn.)  France.  From  the  same. 

44  tithys  (Scop.)  France.  From  the  same. 

Erytiiacus  rubecula  (Linn.)  France.  From  the  same. 

44  44  deformed  egg.  France.  From  the  same. 

44  44  Africa.  From  the  same. 


Cyanecula  suecica  (Linn.)  Germany.  From  the  same. 

Petr.oica  fusca  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

44  multicolor  (Gmel.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

44  cucullata  (Lath.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

44  Goodenovii  (Vig.  and  Horsf.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

44  rn (enicea  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

44  riiodinogastra  (Drapiez.)  Australia.  From  Mons.  Des  Murs’  Col¬ 
lection. 


Sialia  Wilsonii  Swains.  Pennsylvania.  Presented  by  Wm.  Gambel,  M.  D. 

44  arctica  Swains.  N.  W.  Coast.  Presented  b*y  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 

Accentor  alpinus  (Gmel.)  Switzerland.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

44  modularis  (Linn.)  France.  From  the  same. 

Enicocichla  aurocapillus  (VVils.)  N.  Jersey.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heer¬ 
mann,  M.  D. 

44  novajboracensis  (Gmel.)  Massachusetts.  Presented  by  T.  B. 
Wilson,  M.  D. 


11 


Serricornis  frontalis  (Vig.  and  Horsf.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s 
Collection. 

“  humilis  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

“  citreogularis  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

££  osculans  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

££  maculatus  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

Acanthiza  pusilla  (Lath.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

£C  chrysorrhoa  (Quoy  and  Gaim.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 
ce  Diemenensis  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

£<  apicalis  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

£C  Ewingii  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

££  culicivora  (Gould.)  Java.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

“  fusca  (Gould.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

££  brevirostris  (Gould.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

Pares  major  Linn.  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

£*  cceruleus  Linn.  France.  From  the  same. 

££  ater  Linn.  France.  From  the  same. 

“  palustris  Linn.  France.  From  the  same. 

“  borealis  Selys.  Longch.  Europe.  Presented  by  Mr.  E.  Wilson. 

££  caudatus  Linn.  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs’ Collection. 

££  atricapillus  Linn.  Pennsylvania.  From  the  same. 

££  carolinensis  Aud.  Pennsylvania.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann, 

M.  D. 

“  atriceps  Horsf.  Java.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

LomoPHANES  cristatus  (Linn.)  France.  From  the  same. 

“  bicolor  (Linn.)  Pennsylvania.  Presented  by  A*  L.  Heermann, 

M.  D. 

Psaltria  minima  (Towns.)  California.  From  the  same. 

Paroid^es  pendulinus  (Linn.)  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

££  BiARMicus  (Linn.)  Germany.  From  the  same. 

Conirostrum  ornatum.  California.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann,  M.  D. 
Sphenostoma  leucopsis  (Gould.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 
Mniotilta  varia  (Lath.)  N.  York.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 

Sylvicola  .estiva  (Gmel.)  Pennsylv.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann,  M.  D. 

££  discolor  (Yieill.)  N.  Jersey.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

££  striata  (Gmel.)  BayofFundy.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.D. 

££  Blackburnia2  (Gmel.)  Massachusetts.  From  the  same. 

“  americana  (Linn.)  Massachusetts.  From  the  same. 

“  chrysoptera  (Linn.)  Virginia.  From  the  same. 

“  Pennsylvanica  (Linn.)  Vermont.  From  the  same. 

(e  virens  (Gmel.)  Massachusetts.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

Helenaia  rubricapilla  (Gmel.)  Nova  Scotia.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson, 
M.  D. 

“  Swainsonii  (Aud.)  S.  Carolina.  From  the  same. 

Trichas  marilandicus  (Briss.)  Penn.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann,  M.  D. 
Zosterops  lateralis  (Lath.)  Van  Diemen’s  Land.  From  Mons.  Des  Murs’ 


Collection. 
ALBOGULARIS  Gould. 
chloronotus  Vieill. 


Australia. 

Australia. 


From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 
From  the  same. 


Motacilla  alba  Linn.  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 
£{  LUGUBRis  Temm.  France.  From  the  same. 

££  boarula  Penn.  France.  From  the  same. 

££  citreola  Pall.  France.  From  the  same. 


12 


Motacilla  flava  Linn.  France.  From  M.  Des  Mars5  Collection. 

“  Yarrellii  Gould.  England.  Presented  by  Mr.  E.  Wilson. 

“  luzoniensis  Scop.  India.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 

<f  capensis  Linn.  Africa.  From  M.  Des  Murs5  Collection. 


Enicurus  Leschenaultii  (Yieill.)  Java.  From  the  same. 
u  ruficapillus  Temm.  Java.  From  the  same. 


Grallina  cyanoleuca  (Lath.) 

Anthus  spinoletta  (Linn.)  France. 

<c  pratensis  (Linn.)  France. 

u  arboreus  Bechst.  France. 

(i  “  Algiers. 

t:  campestris  Bechst.  France. 

(i  ludovicianus  (Gmel.)  Labrador 
“  obscura  (Gmel.)  Island  of  Feroe.  From  the  same. 

“  Richardii  (Yieill.)  France.  From  the  same. 


Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 
From  M.  Des  Murs5  Collection. 

From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 


chii  Vieill.  Buenos  Ayres. 
capensis  (Linn.)  Africa. 
cervinus  (Pall.)  Tangier. 
rupus  (Gmel.)  Paraguay. 
australis  Vig.  and  Horsf. 
lection. 

flavigaster  Swains.  Africa. 


From  the  same. 
From  the  same. 
From  the  same. 
From  the  same. 
Australia.  From  Mr. 


J.  Gould’s  Col 


From  M.  Des  Murs5  Collection. 


II.  Family  TURDID.E. 

Macronus  cafistratus  (Temm.)  Java.  From  M.  Des  Murs5  Collection. 
tc  melanothorax  (Temm.)  Java.  From  the  same. 
e{  pyrrhogenys  (Temm.)  Java.  From  the  same. 

Formicivora  cantator  (Bodd.)  Africa.  From  the  same. 

Pitta  cyanura  (Gmel.)  Java.  From  the  same. 

ee  strepitans  Temm.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 
Myiophonus  cyaneus  (Horsf.)  Java. 

Cinclus  aquaticus  Bechst.  France. 

Tukdus  viscivorus  Linn.  France. 


From  M.  Des  Murs5  Collection. 
From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 


pilaris  Linn.  Germany. 
musicus  Linn.  France. 
iliacus  Linn.  France. 
merula  Linn.  France. 

“  Tangier. 

torquatus  Linn.  Switzerland. 
cyanea  Linn.  France. 
sax atilis  Linn.  Switzerland. 
mustelinus  Gmel.  Pennsylvania.  From  the  same. 
solitarius  Wils.  Massachusetts.  From  the  same. 
migratorius  Linn.  Pennsylvania.  From  the  same. 
nanus  Aud.  Nova  Scotia.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 
magellanicus  King.  Chili.  From  M.  Des  Murs5  Collection. 
chochi  Vieill.  Brazil.  From  the  same. 
crotopezus  Ill.  Rio  Janeiro.  From  the  same. 
carbonari  us  Ill.  Rio  Janeiro.  From  the  same. 
rubripes  Temm.  Cuba.  From  M.  La  Sagra’s  Collection. 
flavipes  Vieill.  Rio  Janeiro.  From  M.  Des  Murs5  Collection. 
cinereus  Gmel.  Buenos  Ayres.  From  the  same. 
fuscatus  Pall.  Bahia.  From  the  same. 
citrinus  Lath.  India.  Presented  by  Mr.  E.  Wilson. 
micropus  Hodgs.  India.  From  the  same. 

poliocephalus  Lath.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 


13 


Mimus  folyglottus  (Linn.)  Maryland.  FromM.  Des  Murs’ Collection. 

<c  carolinensis  (Linn.)  Pennsylvania.  From  the  same. 

<c  thenka  (Mol.)  Buenos  Ayres.  From  the  same. 

(<  calandria  (D’Orb.  and  Lafr.)  New  Grenada.  From  the  same. 

“  Paraguay.  From  the  same. 

«•'  dorsalis  (D’Orb.  and  Lafr.)  Chili.  From  the  same. 

Toxostomus  rufus  (Linn.)  Pennsylvania.  From  the  same. 

CiNCLOsoaiA  punctatum  (Lath.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 
((  castanotum  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

Timalia  pileata  Horsf.  Java.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

Pomatorhinus  superciliaris  (Bl.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Col¬ 
lection. 

«  temporalis  Yig.  and  Horsf.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

Icteria  viridis  (Gmel.)  Pennsylvania.  Presented  by  S.  W.  Woodhouse,  M.D. 

Oriolus  galbulus  Linn.  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

“  chixexsis  Linn.  Java.  From  the  same. 

Andropadus  importuxus  (Yieill.)  Africa.  From  the  same. 

Pycnonotus  aurigaster  (Vieill.)  Africa.  From  the  same. 

“  capensis  (Gmel.)  Africa.  From  the  same. 

iC  crocorrhous  Strickl.  Java.  From  the  same. 

“  go  i  a  vie  r  (Scop.)  Java.  From  the  same. 

<c  jocosus  (Linn.)  India.  Presented  by  Mr.  E.  Wilson. 

“  leucogenys  (Gray.)  India.  From  the  same. 


III.  Family  MUSCICAPID.E. 

Lipangus  plumbeus  (Licht.)  Rio  Janeiro.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

t.enioptera  nexgeta  (Linn.)  Buenos  Ayres.  From  the  same. 

«  variegata  (D’Orb.  and  Lafr.)  Buenos  Ayres.  From  the  same. 

Fluvicola  climazura  (Vieill.)  Brazil.  From  the  same. 

<e  pica  (Bodd.)  Paraguay.  From  the  same. 

“  nigerrima  D’Orb.  and  Lafr.  Rio  Janeiro.  From  the  same. 

Lichenops  perspicillata  (Gmel.)  Buenos  Ayres.  From  the  same. 

Copurus  filicauda  (Spix.)  Rio  Janeiro.  From  the  same. 

Machetornis  rixosa  (Vieill.)  Paraguay.  From  the  same. 

Scaphorhynchus  pitangua  (Linn.)  Brazil.  From  the  same. 

Saurophagus  sulphuratus  (Linn.)  Brazil.  From  the  same. 

Tyrannus  intrepidus  Vieill.  Pennsylvania.  From  the  same. 
t(  “  Brazil.  From  the  same. 

“  verticalis  (Say.)  California.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann,  M.  D. 

“  magxirostris  D’Orb.  Cuba.  From  M.  La  Sagra’s  Collection. 

((  melancholicus  Vieill.  Buenos  Ayres.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Col¬ 
lection. 

ee  rusticus  (Licht.)  Paraguay.  From  the  same. 

Milvulus  tyrannus  (Linn.)  Buenos  Ayres.  From  the  same. 

Tyrannula  crinita  (Linn.)  Pennsylvania.  From  the  same. 

te  ei  New  Jersey.  Presented  by  Wm.  Gambel,  M.  D. 

ec  audax  (Gmel.)  Buenos  Ayres.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

“  ferox  (Gmel.)  Brazil.  From  the  same. 

“  Cooperii  (Nutt.)  Vermont.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 


14 


Tyrannula  nunciola  (VVils.)  Penn.  Presented  by  S.  W.  Woodhouse,  M.  D. 
44  phcebe  (Lath.)  N.  Hampshire.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 

44  acadica  (Gmel.)  Pennsylvania.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 
44  Traillii  (Aud.)  Vermont.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 

44  virens  (Linn.)  Pennsylvania.  Presented  by  Professor  Baird. 

44  44  Cuba.  From  M.  La  Sagra’s  Collection. 

44  rnAvivENTRis'Baird.  Vermont.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 
44  kigricaxs  Swains.  California.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann,  M.D. 
44  cayennexsis  (Linn.)  Brazil.  From  M.  Des  Murs’ Collection. 

44  albicpllis  (Vieill.)  Brazil.  From  the  same. 

Elania  pagana  (Licht.)  Brazil.  From  the  same. 

44  icterophrys  (Vieill.)  Paraguay.  From  the  same. 

Epscarthmus  parulus  (Kittl.)  Chili.  From  the  same. 

Tityra  Cuvieri  (Swains.)  Rio  Janeiro.  From  the  same. 

Muse iVor a  rupestris  (Pr.  Max.)  Rio  Janeiro.  From  the  same. 

Rhipidura  albiscapa  Gould.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

44  motacilloides  Vig.  and  Horsf.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

Tchitrea  torquata  (Gmel.)  Africa.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 
Monarcha  nigra  (Sparr.)  Brazil.  From  the  same. 

Seisura  inquieta  (Lath.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

(C  NixiBA  (Gould.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

Hemiciielidon  latirostris  (Raffl.)  Java.  From  the  same. 

Muscicapa  grisola  Linn.  England.  Presented  by  Mr.  E.  Wilson. 

“  albicollis  Temm.  Germany.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

<4  atricapilla  Linn.  France.  From  the  same. 

44  parva  Bechst.  Saxony.  From  the  same. 

Setopiiaga  mitrata  (Lath.)  Missouri.  From  the  same. 

44  ruticilla  (Gmel.)  Pennsylvania.  Presented  by  Mr.  S.  Ashmead. 

Vireo  noyeboracensis  (Gmel.)  Massachusetts.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson, 
M.  D. 

44  solitaries  (Wils.)  N.  York.  From  the  same. 

44  flavifrons  (Gmel.)  Massachusetts.  From  M.  Des  Murs’ Collection. 

44  olivaceus  (Linn.)  N.  Jersey.  Presented  by  Mr.  S.  Ashmead. 

44  gilvus  (Vieill.)  Pennsylvania.  Presented  by  Professor  Baird. 


IV.  Family  AMPELIDiE. 

Pardalotus  punctatus  (Lath.)  Van  Diemen’s  Land.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s 
Collection. 

44  striatus  (Lath.)  Van  Diemen’s  Land.  From  the  same. 

44  QifADRAGiNTus  Gould.  Van  Diemen’s  Land.  From  the  same. 

44  brevirostris  (Gould.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

Pachycepiiala  gutturalis  (Lath.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

44  RUFivENTRis  (Lath.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

44  inornata  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

Eopsaltria  australis  (Lath.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

44  griseogularis  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

Pipra  caudata  Shaw.  Bahia.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

44  militaris  Shaw.  Bahia.  From  the  same. 

44  rubrocapilla  Briss.  Bahia.  From  the  same. 

44  leucocilla  Linn.  Bahia.  From  the  same. 


15 


Rupicola  peruviana  (Lath.)  New  Grenada.  From  the  same. 

Ampelis  cedrorum  (Vieill.)  Pennsylvania.  From  the  same. 

Procnias  variegata  (Linn.)  Brazil.  From  the  same. 

Campefhaga  Macei  (Less.)  India.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 

££  melanops  (Lath.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

££  parvirostris  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

«  mentalis  (Vig.  and  Horsf.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

££  humeralis  (Gould.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

Artamus  cinereus  Yieill.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

“  sordidus  (Lath.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

££  leucopygialis  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

££  personates  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

££  superciliosus  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

Dicrurus  balicassius  (Linn.)  Java.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

££  macrocercus  Vieill.  Java.  From  the  same. 


V.  Family  LANIIDJE. 

Lanius  excubitor  Linn.  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs'  Collection. 

“  meridionalis  Temm.  France.  From  the  same. 

££  ludovicianus  Linn.  S.  Carolina.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 
££  minor  Gmel.  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs5  Collection. 

££  collaris  Linn.  Africa.  From  the  same. 

££  borealis  Vieill.  Labrador.  Presented  by  Mr.  E.  Wilson. 

Enneoctonus  collurio  (Linn.)  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs5  Collection. 

(l  rufus  (Briss.)  France.  From  the  same. 

Telophorus  zeylonus  (Linn.)  Africa.  From  the  same. 

Oreoica  cristata  (Lewin.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

Colluriocincla  harmonica  (Lath.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

£«  brunnea  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

<£  rufiventris  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

££  parvula  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

££  Selbyi  Gould.  Australia.  From  M.  Des  Murs5  Collection. 

Laniarius  boulboul  (Lath.)  Africa.  From  the  same. 

Cracticus  cinereus  (Gould.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

££  torquatus  (Lath.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 
££  nigrogularis  (Gould.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

££  leucopterus  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 


IV.  Tribe  CONIROSTRES. 

I.  Family  CORVID.E. 

Gymnorhina  tibicen  (Lath.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

££  organicum  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

££  anaphonensis  (Temm.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

Strepera  graculina  (Shaw.)  Australia.  From  M.  Des  Murs5  Collection. 

‘£  arguta  Gould.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

Garrulus  glandarius  (Linn.)  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs5  Collection. 

££  atricapillus  Geoffr.  Spain.  From  the  same. 

Cyanocorax  cristatus  (Linn.)  Virginia.  From  the  same. 

££  Stelleri  (Gmel.)  California.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 


16 


Cyaxocorax  cyanoleucus  (Pr.  Max.)  Paraguay.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Col¬ 
lection. 

44  AZUREus  (Temm.)  Paraguay.  From  the  same. 

44  Californicus  (Vig.)  California.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann, 
M.D.  J  ’ 


Struthidea  cixerea  Gould.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 
Nucifraga  caryocatactes  (Linn.)  Germany.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 


Corvus  corax  Linn. 

it  a 

a  « 

a  a 


From  the  same. 
From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 
From  the  same. 
From  the  same. 
From  the  same. 


Pica  caudata  Hay.  France. 

44  ts  England. 

France. 

England. 

Africa. 

Greenland 

££  leucophjEus  Yieill.  Greece.  From  the  same. 

££  corone  Linn.  France.  From  the  same. 

££  ££  Great  Britain.  From  the  same. 

££  americanus  Aud.  Pennsylvania.  Presented  by  Wm.  Gambel,  M.  D. 

££  “  Delaware.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 

££  coroneoides  Vig.  and  Horsf.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Col¬ 
lection. 

££  ossifragus  Wils.  N.  Jersey.  Presented  by  Mr.  S.  Ashmead. 

££  frugeligus  Linn.  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

££  ££  Egypt.  From  the  same. 

ce  ({  Syria  in  Asia.  From  the  same. 

(e  CArExsis  Licht.  Africa.  From  the  same. 

((  moxedula  Linn.  France.  From  the  same. 

“  cornix  Linn.  France.  From  the  same. 

<e  scapulatus  Daud.  Africa.  From  the  same. 

cc  jamaicensis  Gmel.  Cuba.  From  M.  La  Sagra’s  Collection. 

“  splendens  Vieill.  India.  Presented  by  Mr.  E.  Wilson. 

<c  macrorhynchus  Temm.  India.  From  the  same: 

Pyrrhocorax  melanorhyxchus  (Vieill.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s 
Collection. 


Corcorax  alpinus  Vieill.  Switzerland.  Presented  by  Mr.  E.  Wilson. 
Coracia  gracula  (Linn.)  Italy.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 


III.  Family  STURNID.E. 

Astrapia  carunculata  (Less.)  Africa.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 
Juida  nabouroup  (Daud.)  Africa.  From  the  same. 

Gracula  religiosa  Linn.  Sumatra.  From  the  same. 

«  «  India.  Presented  by  Mr.  E.  Wilson. 

Acridotheres  tristis  (Linn.)  Africa.  From  M.  Des  Murs’ Collection. 
HETiERORNis  cristatella  (Linn.)  Java.  From  the  same. 

Sturnopastor  jalla  Horsf.  Java.  From  the  same. 

Sturnus  vulgaris  Linn.  France.  From  the  same. 

‘£  uxicolor  Marm.  Italy.  From  the  same. 
a  a  Africa.  From  the  same. 

Sturnella  Ludovicianus  (Linn.)  N.  York.  From  the  same. 

a  «  Penna.  Presented  by  Wm.  Gambel,  M.  D. 

««  neglecta  Aud.  California.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann,  M.  D. 
££  hippocrepis  Wagler.  Cuba.  From  M.  La  Sagra’s  Collection. 
l(  militaris  (Linn.)  Chili.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 


17 


Scolecophagus  ferrugineus  (Wils.)  Nova  Scotia.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wil¬ 
son,  M.  D. 

Quiscalus  purpureus  (Licht.)  Maryland.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heertnann, 
M.I). 

“  major  Vieill.  S.  Carolina.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 
i:  purpuratus  Swains.  Mexico.  From  the  same. 

“  barita  Gmel.  Brazil.  From  the  same. 

“  “  Cuba.  From  M.  La  Sagra’s  Collection. 

Scaphidurus  atroviolaceus  D’Orb.  Cuba.  From  the  same. 

Cacicus  persicus  (Linn.)  Para.  Presented  by  Mr.  W.  H.  Edwards. 

“  HjEmorrhous  (Linn.)  Para.  From  the  same. 

<c  solitarius  (Vieill.)  Paraguay.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

Icterus  vulgaris  Daud.  Paraguay.  From  the  same. 

“  “  Buenos  Ayres.  From  the  same. 

“  jamaicaii  (Gmel.)  Rio  Janeiro.  From  the  same. 


Xanthornus  varius  (Gmel.)  Pennsylvania.  From  the  same. 

“  dominicensis  (Linn.)  Cuba.  From  M.  La  Sagra’s  Collection. 

“  aurajVtitjs  (Valenc.)  Paraguay.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

iC  flavus  Daud.  Buenos  Ayres.  From  the  same. 

(i  viridis  (Gmel.)  Buenos  Ayres.  From  the  same. 

Yphantes  Baltimore  (Linn.)  Pennsylvania.  Presented  by  Mr.  S.  Ashmead. 

(i  Bullockii  Swains.  California.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann, M.D. 
Molothrus  pecoris  (Gmel.)  Pennsylvania.  Presented  by  Wm.  Gambel,  M.D. 
<e  Bonariensis  (Gmel.)  Chili.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 


Agelaius  phceniceus  (Linn.)  N.  Jersey.  From  the  same. 

“  tricolor  Aud.  California.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann,  M.  D. 
“  gubernator  (Wagl.)  California.  From  the  same. 

<c  XANTHocErHALUs  (Pr.  Bonap.)  California.  From  the  same. 

(t  crurjEus  (Mol.)  Chili.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

“  pyrrhopterus  (Vieill.)  Brazil.  From  the  same. 

“  aterrimus  (Kittl.)  Chili.  From  the  same. 
te  brevirostris  (D’Orb.  and  Lafr.)  Paraguay.  From  the  same. 

“  thilius  (Mol.)  Chili.  From  the  same. 


Chrysomus  frontalis  (Vieill.)  Buenos  Ayres.  From  the  same. 
Dolichonyx  oryzivorus  (Linn.)  Massachusetts.  From  the  same. 


IV.  Family  FRINGILLID^E. 

Hyphantornis  capensis  (A.  Smith.)  Africa.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 
et  aurantia  (Vieill.)  Africa.  From  the  same. 

Ploceus  manyar  (Horsf.)  India.  Presented  by  Mr.  E.  Wilson. 

“  nelicourvi  (Scop.)  Bengal.  From  M.  Des  Murs’ Collection. 
ct  aureus  (Gmel.)  Africa.  From  the  same. 

“  oryx  (Linn.)  Africa.  From  the  same. 

i(  madagascariensis  (Linn.)  Island  of  Bourbon.  From  the  same. 

((  jonquillaceus  Vieill.  Java.  From  the  same. 

Guiraca  ccerulea  (Linn.)  Pennsylvania.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M. 

“  Ludoviciana  (Linn.)  Vermont.  From  the  same. 

Calamospiza  bicolor  (Towns.)  Missouri.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann, 
M.D. 

Cardinalis  virginianus  Pr.  Bonap.  Maryland.  From  the  same. 

£*'  Carlsonii  (Daud.)  Brazil.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

«  “  Laid  at  Paris.  From  the  same. 

3 


18 


Coccotiiraustes  vijlgaris  Briss.  France.  From  the  same. 

Pifilo  erytiiropthalma  (Linn.)  N.  Jersey.  From  the  same. 

“  arctica  Swains.  California.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann,  M.  D. 
cc  fusca  S-wains.  California.  From  the  same. 

Pitylus  melanocephalus  (Swains.)  California.  From  the  same. 

Saltator  cierulescens  Vieill.  Buenos  Ayres.  From  M.  DesMurs’  Collection. 
“  aurantiarostris  Vieill.  Buenos  Ayres.  From  the  same. 

Riiamphopis  Brasilia  (Linn.)  Para.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 

“  jacapa  (Linn.)  Bahia.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

Pyranga  rubra  (Linn.)  Pennsylvania.  Presented  by  Mr.  S.  Ashmead. 

“  ./estiva  (Gmel.)  Brazil.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

Tanagra  episcopus  Linn.  Bahia.  From  the  same. 

“  ornata  Sparr.  Paraguay.  From  the  same. 

“  zena  (Linn.)  Brazil.  From  the  same. 
i(  olivascens  Licht.  Rio  Janeiro.  From  the  same. 


Tachythonus  leucopterus  (Gmel.)  Paraguay.  From  the  same. 
<£  cristatus  (Linn.)  Brazil.  From  the  same. 

Calliste  festiva  (Shaw.)  Brazil.  From  the  same. 

“  thoracica  (Temm.)  Rio  Janeiro.  From  the  same. 

({  braziliensis  (Linn.)  Bahia.  From  the  same. 

“  cayanna  (Linn.)  Brazil.  From  the  same. 

Euphonia  violacea  (Linn.)  Bahia.  From  the  same. 

Euplectes  capensis  (Linn.)  Africa.  From  the  same. 

Muni  a  oryzivora  (Linn.)  Java.  From  the  same. 

(S  functularia  (Linn.)  Java.  From  the  same. 

“  maja  (Linn.)  Java.  From  the  same. 
ce  striata  (Linn.)  Java.  From  the  same. 

(t  cantans  (Gmel.)  Africa.  From  the  same. 

<c  Malacca  Linn.  Africa.  From  the  same. 


Amadina  fasciata  (Gmel.)  Africa.  From  the  same. 

Peophila  cincta  (Gould.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

Sporothlastes  castanotis  (Gould.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

“  temporalis  (Lath.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

t:  nitida  (Lath.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

“  guttata  (Shaw.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

Steganopleura  modesta  (Gould.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

“  ruficauda  (Gould.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

{C  Bichenovii  (Vigors.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

Estrelda  amandava  (Linn.)  Africa.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 
i(  astrild  (Linn.)  Africa.  From  the  same. 

Plectrophanes  nivalis  (Linn.)  Iceland.  From  the  same. 

“  lapponica  (Linn.)  Greenland.  From  the  same. 

“  ornatus  (Towns.)  Rocky  Mts.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heer¬ 

mann,  M.  D. 

Cynchramus  miliaria  (Linn.)  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 
SchjEnicola  scriiEN iculus  (Linn.)  France.  From  the  same. 

Emberiza  citrinella  Linn.  France.  From  the  same. 

((  “  Africa.  From  the  same. 

“  hortulana  Linn.  France.  From  the  same. 
i(  cirla  Linn.  France;  From  the  same. 


19 


Emberiza  cea  Linn.  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs’ Collection. 

££  diuca  (Molina.)  Chili.  From  the  same. 

Fringillaria  flaviventris  (Vieill.)  Africa.  From  the  same. 

Euspiza  melanocepiiae/v  (Scop.)  Greece.  From  the  same. 

££  americana  (Gmel.)  Pennsylva.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 

Gubernatrix  cristatelea  (Vieill.)  Buenos  Ayres.  From  M.  Des  Murs’ 
Collection. 

Paroaria  cucullata  (Lath.)  S.  America.  From  the  same. 

Volatinia  splexdens  (Vieill.)  S.  America.  From  the  same. 

££  jacarina  (Linn.)  S.  America.  From  the  same. 

Spiza  ciris  (Linn.)  S.  Carolina.  From  the  same. 

££  cyanea  (Linn.)  Pennsylvania.  Presented  by  Professor  Baird. 

££  AMiENA  (Say.)  California.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann,  M.  D. 

Struthus  hyemalis  (Linn.)  Alleghany  Mts.  Presented  by  Mr.  S.  Ashmead. 
Phrygilus  alaudina  (Kittl.)  Brazil.  From  M.  Des  Murs*  Collection. 

Zonotrichia  albicollis  (Gmel.)  Halifax.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 
££  melodia  (Wils.)  Pennsylvania.  From  M.  Des  Murs*  Collection. 

££  graminea  (Gmel.)  Pennsylvania.  From  the  same. 

“  atricapilla  (Aud.)  California.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann, 

M.  D. 

££  matutina  (Licht.)  Rio  Janeiro.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

Choxdestes  grammaca  (Say.)  Missouri.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 

Spizelea  shattuckii  (Aud.)  Missouri.  From  the  same. 

££  canadensis  (Lath.)  Nova  Scotia.  From  the  same. 

££  socialis  (Wils.)  Pennsylvania.  Presented  by  Wm.  Gambel,  M.  D. 

££  pusilla  (Wils.)  Pennsylvania.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

Passerculus  palustris  (Wils.)  Vermont.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 
Pel’oea  Bachmanii  (Aud.)  S.  Carolina.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 

Coturniculus  Henslowii  (Aud.)  N.  Jersey.  From  the  same. 

(e  passerina  (Wils.)  Penna.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

££  manimbe  (Licht.)  Brazil.  From  the  same. 

Ammodramus  maritimus  (Wils.)  N.  Jersey.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann, 

M.D. 

££  caudacutus  (Gmel.)  N.  Jersey.  From  M.  Des  Murs’ Collection. 

Phonipara  lepidus  (Linn.)  Cuba.  From  M.  La  Sagra’s  Collection. 
Spermophila  mysia  (Vieill.)  Bahia.  From  M.  Des  Murs’ Collection. 
Fringilla  CiELEBs  Linn.  France.  From  the  same. 


Passer  Montana  (Linn.)  France. 

££  domestica  (Linn.)  France. 
‘£  ££  Africa. 

<£  Italite  (Vieill.)  Greece. 

££  salicicola  (Vieill.)  Spain. 

££  arcuata  (Gmel.)  Africa. 

Petronia  stulta  (Gmel.)  France. 


From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 

Presented  by  Professor  Baird. 
Presented  by  A.  L.  Heer- 


Chlorospiza  chloris  (Linn.)  France. 

Chrysomitris  tristis  (Linn.)  Pennsylvania. 

££  Lawrencii  (Cassin.)  California, 

mann,  M.  D. 


Chrysomitris  pinus  (Wils.)  Labrador.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 


20 


Carduelis  elegans  Steph.  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 
Alario  atjrantia  (Gmel.)  Africa.  From  the  same. 

Citrinella  nigriceps  (Rupp.)  Africa.  From  the  same. 

Crithagra  brasiliensis  (Gmel.)  Brazil.  From  the  same. 
e(  luteocephala  (D’Orb.)  Bahia.  From  the  same. 

“  flaveola  (Linn.)  Paraguay.  From  the  same. 

Buserinus  sulpiitjratus  (Linn.)  Africa.  From  the  same. 

Serinus  butyracetts  (Linn.)  Africa.  From  the  same. 

“  CANARIA  (Linn.)  Canary  Islands.  From  the  same. 
meridionalis  Bonap.  France.  From  the  same. 

Pyrrhuea  cocoinea  (Sandh.)  Europe.  Presented  by  Mr.  E.  Wilson. 
ie  rubicilla  Pall.  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 


Loxia  pityopsittacus  Bechst.  Germany.  From  the  same. 

“  curvirostra  Linn.  Germany.  From  the  same. 

“  americana  Wils.  Vermont.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.D. 


Carpodacus  familiaris  M’Call.  California.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann, 

M.D. 

“  purpureus  (Gmel.)  Mass.  From  M.  Des  Mars’  Collection. 

i(  frontalis  (Say.)  California.  Presented  by  Col.  M’Call. 

Montifringilla  nivalis  (Linn.)  Switzerland.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 


Linota  cannabina  (Linn.)  France.  From  the  same. 

((  montium  (Gmel.)  France.  From  the  same. 

“  “  Europe.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 


Acanthis  linaria  (Linn.)  Scotland.  From  the  same. 

“  “  Labrador.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

<c  borealis  (Temm.)  Greenland.  From  the  same. 


Alauda  arvensis  Linn.  France. 

<£  brachydactyla  Temm.  France. 
<c  cristata  Linn.  France. 

“  arborea  Linn.  France. 

“  crassirostris  (Vieill.)  Africa. 
il  ruficeps  Rupp.  Africa. 


From  the  same. 
From  the  same. 
From  the  same. 
From  the  same. 
From  the  same. 
From  the  same. 


Melanocorypha  calandra  (Linn.)  France.  From  the  same. 

Otocoris  alpestris  (Linn.)  Labrador.  From  the  same. 

£e  rufa  (Aud.)  California.  Presented  by  Wm.  Gambel,  M.  D. 

Megalophonus  rufipileus  (Vieill.)  Africa.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 
Phytotoma  rara  Moll.  Chili.  From  the  same. 


V.  Family  COLID^E. 

Colius  striatus  Gmel.  Africa.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

VI.  Family  MUSOPHAGID^l. 

Turacus  erythrolopiius  (Vieill.)  Africa.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 
Opisthocomus  cristatus  (Lath.)  Paraguay.  From  the  same. 


21 


3d  Order  SCANSORES. 


II.  Family  PSITTACID^E. 

Nymfhicus  Novje  Hollandle  (Gmel.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Col¬ 
lection. 

Platycercus  Brownii  (Kuhl.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

££  semitorquatus  Quoy  and  Gaim.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

££  icterotis  (Temm.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

££  pileatus  Vig.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

££  eximius  (Shaw.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

££  Barnardii  (Lath.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

“  zonarius  (Shaw.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

Psephotus  HiEMATONOxus  Gould.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

Aprosmictus  scapulatus  (Bechst.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

Poi.ytej.is  melanura  (Yig.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

Pal^eornis  rufirostris  (Linn.)  Africa.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

“  Alexandri  (Linn.)  Asia.  From  the  same. 

££  cubic ularius  (Linn.)  Asia.  From  the  same. 

££  Bengalensis  Briss.  India.  Presented  by  Mr.  E.  Wilson. 

Melopsittacus  undulatus  Shaw.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

Lathamus  Nov;e  Zealandi®  (Sparr.)  New  Zealand.  Presented  by  T.  B. 

Wilson,  M.  D. 

Euphema  elegans  Gould.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

££  aurantia  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

“  chrysostoma  (Kuhl.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

<c  pulcheula  (Shaw.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

Trichoglossus  porphy'roecephalus  Diet.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

“  pusillus  (Shaw.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

“  concinnus  (Shaw.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

Ara  ararauna  (Linn.)  Brazil.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

Conurus  jendaya  (Gmel.)  From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 


monachus  (Bodd.) 

Eos  rubra  (Gmel.)  Molucca. 

Eclectus  Ceylonensis  (Bodd.)  E.  Indies. 
Psittacus  erythacus  Linn.  Senegal. 
Chrysotis  ^stivus  (Linn.)  Brazil. 


From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 

From  the  same. 

From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 


festivus  (Linn.)  Brazil. 

<£  ochrocephalus  (Gmel.)  Brazil. 
u  amazonicus  (Briss.)  Brazil. 

Pullaria  guineensis  (Briss.)  Africa. 

Cacatua  sulphurea  (Gmel.)  N.  S.  Wales. 

<c  moluccensis  (Gmel.)  Molucca  Isl.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection 
£f  cristata  (Linn.)  Molucca  Isl.  From  the  same. 

Licmetis  pastinator  Gould.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

££  tenuirostris  (Kuhl.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

Calyptorhynchus  naso  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

£<  Baudinii  Lear.  Australia.  From  the  same. 


99 


III.  Family  PIC  ID.®. 

Laimodon  nigrothorax  (Cuv.)  Africa.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

<s  leucomelas  (Bodd.)  Africa.  From  the  same. 

Pices  major  Linn.  France.  From  the  same. 
ct  medius  Linn.  France.  From  the  same. 

“  minor  Linn.  France.  From  the  same. 

<c  leuconotus  Bechst.  Germany.  From  the  same. 

“  pubescens  Linn.  Maryland.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann,  M.  D. 

<£  martin.®  Aud.  Vermont.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.D. 

u  analis  Temm.  Java.  From  M.  Des  Murs*  Collection. 

Drycopfs  martius  (Linn.)  Europe.  Presented  by  Mr.  E.  Wilson. 

Dendrobates  percusses  (Temm.)  Cuba.  From  M.  La  Sagra’s  Collection. 

Gecinus  viridis  (Linn.)  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

<c  canus  (Gmel.)  Germany.  From  the  same. 

Melanerpes  erythrocephalus  (Linn.)  Pennsylvania.  Presented  by  Wm. 

Gambei,  M.  D. 

Colaptes  auratus  (Linn.)  Pennsylvania.  From  the  same. 

<c  superciliosus  Vig.  Cuba.  From  M.  La  Sagra’s  Collection. 

Yunx  torquilua  Linn.  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs*  Collection. 

IV.  Family  CDCULID^. 

Saurothera  Merlini  D’Orb.  Cuba.  From  M.  La  Sagra’s  Collection. 

Centropus  affinis  Horsf.  Java.  From  M.  Des  Murs’ Collection. 

“  phasi anus  (Lath.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

Diplopterus  guira  (Gmel.)  Buenos  Ayres.  From  M.  Des  Murs’ Collection. 
“  c’Hochi  (Vieill.)  Paraguay.  From  the  same. 

Piaya  cayana  (Linn.)  Brazil.  From  the  same. 

Coccyzus  americanus  (Linn.)  Pennsylvania.  Presented  by  Professor  Baird. 
i{  erythropthalmus  (Wils.)  Maryland.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heer¬ 
mann,  M.  D. 

Crotophaga  ani  Linn.  Paraguay.  FromM.  Des  Murs’ Collection. 
t;  “  Cuba.  From  M.  La  Sagra’s  Collection. 

((  major  Linn.  Brazil.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 
t{  “  Para.  Presented  by  Mr.  Wm.  H.  Edwards. 

sulcirostra  Swains.  Peru.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

Sc ythrops  Nov®  Hollandi®  Lath.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Col¬ 
lection. 

Cuculus  canorus  Linn.  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

<c  inornatus  Vigs.  and  Horsf.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Col¬ 
lection. 

(i  cinerascens  Vig.  and  Horsf.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

Ciialcites  lucidus  (Gmel.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

<(  osculus  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

4th  Order  COLUMILE. 

I.  Family  COLIJMB1D.E. 

Ptilonopus  pulcherrimus  (Scop.)  Java.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

Treron  aromatica  (Gmel.)  Java.  From  the  same. 

(i  vernans  (Linn.)  Java.  From  the  same. 


23 


Carpophaga  myristicivora  (Scop.)  Australia.  From  M.  Des  Murs’ Collection. 
“  luctuosa  (Temm.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

<(  norfolciensis  (Lath.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

«  magnifica  (Temm.)  Australia.  Presented  by  Mr.  E.  Wilson. 

Columba  aenas  Linn.  England.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 
ft  palumbus  Linn.  France.  From  the  same. 
ct  livia  Briss.  France.  From  the  same. 

“  ((  England.  Presented  by  Mr.  E.  Wilson. 

««  guinea  Linn.  Africa.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

“  araucana  Less.  Chili.  From  the  same. 
i{  ccerulea  Temm.  Brazil.  From  the  same. 
te  Fitzroyt  King.  Chili.  From  the  same. 

<£  gymnopthalmos  Temm.  Brazil.  From  the  same. 
ce  corensis  Gmel.  Brazil.  From  the  same. 

(C  rufina  Temm.  Cayenne.  From  the  same. 

Eotopistes  migratorius  (Linn.)  Ohio.  Presented  by  Wm.  Gambel,  M.  D. 

“  carolinensis  (Linn.)  Pennsylvania.  From  the  same. 

«  «  Cuba.  From  M.  La  Sagra’s  Collection. 

«•  “  California.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann,  M.  D. 

Geopelia  humeralis  (Temm.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 
te  cuneata  (Lath.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 
ct  tranquilla  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

“  striata  (Linn.)  Java.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

Macropygia  amboinensis  (Linn.)  Java.  From  the  same. 

Aena  capensis  (Linn.)  Island  of  Lucon.  From  the  same. 

Turtur  auritus  Ray.  France.  From  the  same. 

<e  bitorquatus  (Temm.)  Java.  From  the  same. 
ce  <(  Africa.  From  the  same. 

“  risorius  (Linn.)  France.  From  the  same. 

“  chinensis  (Scop.)  Java.  From  the  same. 

Columbina  picui  (Temm.)  Chili.  From  the  same. 

“  strepitans  Spix.  Brazil.  From  the  same. 

<c  campestris  Spix.  Brazil.  -From  the  same. 

Zenaida  amabilis  Pr.  Bonap.  Brazil.  From  the  same. 

“  aurita  (Temm.)  Chili.  From  the  same. 

C iiaMjEpeli a  passerina  (Linn.)  Georgia.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.D. 

“  talpacoli  (Temm.)  Brazil.  From  M.  Des  Murs’ Collection. 

“  minuta  (Linn.)  Brazil.  From  the  same. 

Peristera  Montana  (Linn.)  Florida.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 

Ocyphaps  lophotes  (Temm.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

Phaps  chalcoptera  (Lath.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

“  histrionic  a  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

“  elegans  (Temm.)  Australia.  Presented  by  Mons.  J.  Verreaux. 

Geopiiaps  Smithii  (Jard.  and  Selby.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Col¬ 
lection. 

u  scripta  (Temm.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

Calsnas  luzonica  (Scop.)  Java.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 


24 


5th  Order  GALLING. 

I.  Family  CRACIDAl. 

Ortalida  katraca  (Bodd.)  Brazil.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

Penelope  pipile  (Jacq.)  Paraguay.  From  the  same*. 

“  cristata  (Linn.)  Mexico.  From  the  same. 

££  mar  ail  Gmel.  Brazil.  From  the  same. 

££  obscura  Illig.  Brazil.  From  the  same. 

££  riLEATA  Licht.  Paraguay.  From  the  same. 

££  aburri  Goudot.  New  Grenada.  From  the  same. 

Crax  globicera  Linn.  S.  America.  From  the  same. 

Pauxt  galeata  (Lath.)  Mexico.  From  the  same. 

* 

II.  Family  MEGAPODIDiE. 

Tallegallus  Lathamii  (Gray.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

Mkgacephalon  rubripes  (Quoy  &  Gaim.)  Celebes  Islands.  Presented  by 
T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 

Megapodius  tumulus  Gould.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

££  rubripes  Temm.  Timor  Asia.  From  Mons.  Des  Murs’ Collection. 
££  Reinwardtii  Wagl.  Celebes.  From  the  same. 

Leipoa  ocellata  Gould.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 


III.  Family  PHASIANID.E. 

Pavo  cristatus  Linn.  India.  From  Mons.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 
££  Yar.  alba.  France.  From  the  same. 

£*  muticus  (Linn.)  Japan.  From  the  same. 

Argus  giganteus  Temm.  Japan.  From  the  same. 


Phasianus  colchicus  Linn. 

££  torquatus  Gmel. 


France.  From  the  same. 
France.  'From  the  same. 


Thaumalia  picta  (Linn.)  Asia.  From  the  same. 

Gallophasisnyctemerus  (Linn.)  Asia.  From  the  same. 

££  leucomelanos (Lath.)  Bengal.  From  the  same. 

Gallus  Bankiva  Temm.  India.  From  the  same. 

££  domesticus.  France.  From  the  same. 


Callus  domesticus  Yar.  russicus.  France.  From  the  same. 

££  ££  ££  nanus.  France.  From  the  same. 

££  ££  ££  greenlandicus.  France.  From  the  same. 

££  ££  ££  lagopus.  France.  From  the  same. 

££  ££  ££  pomeranus.  France.  From  the  same. 

££  lanatus  (Linn.)  Java.  From  the  same. 

££  varius  (Shaw.)  Java.  From  the  same. 

££  sonneratii  Temm.  Asia.  From  the  same. 

££  ecaudatus  (Linn.)  France.  From  the  same. 

££  giganteus  Temm.  Java.  From  the  same. 


Meleagris  gallopavo  Linn.  United  States.  From  the  same. 
££  ££  France.  From  the  same. 

Numida  meleagris  Linn.  Africa.  From  the  same. 

££  ££  France.  From  the  same. 


Tetraogallus  caucasicus  (Pall.) 
Wilson. 


) 

Asia.  Presented  by  Mr.  Edward 


IV.  Family  TETRAONID^E. 

Francolinus  Le  Vaillantii  (Valenc).  Africa.  FromM.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 
“  afer  (Lath).  Africa.  From  the  same. 

££  capensis  (Gmel.)  Africa.  From  the  same. 

££  nudicollis  (Gmel.)  Africa.  From  the  same. 

“  clamator  (Temm.)  Africa.  From  the  same. 

PerdrijC  cinerea  (Linn.)  France.  From  the  same. 

Coturnix  communis  Bonn.  France.  From  the  same. 

“  “  Africa.  From  the  same. 

“  australis  (Lath.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection- 

“  pectoralis  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

t£  Diemenensis  (Gould.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

££  chinensis  (Linn.)  Java.  Presented  by  Mons.  J.  Verreaux. 
c‘  coromandelica  (Gmel.)  India.  Presented  by  Mr.  E.  Wilson. 

Caccabis  rufa  (Linn.)  '  France.  From  Mons.  Des.  Murs’  Collection. 

«£  “  Spain.  From  the  same. 

££  graeca  (Briss.)  Switzerland.  From  the  same. 

££  petrosa  (Lath.)  France.  From  the  same.  • 

££  ££  Africa.  From  the  same. 

££  CHUKAR  (Gray.)  India.  Presented  by  Mr.  E.  Wilson. 

Turnix  pugnax  (Temm.)  Java.  From  Mons.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

££  varius  (Lath.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

££  velox  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

££  pyrrhothorax  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

££  castanotus  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

££  scintillans  (Gould.)  Australia.  Trom  the  same. 

Odontophorus  dentatus  (Temm.)  Brazil.  From  Mons.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

Ortyx  virginianus  (Linn.)  Pennsylvania.  From  the  same. 

££  nigrogularis  Gould.  Yucatan.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 

Callipepla  californica  (Lath.)  California.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann, 

M.  D. 

Tetrao  urogalltjs  Linn.  Spanish  Pyrenees.  From  Mons.  Des  Murs’  Collec¬ 
tion. 

“  hybridus  Linn.  Switzerland.  From  the  same. 

££  tetrix  Linn.  Switzerland.  From  the  same. 

££  obscurus  Say.  Rocky  Mountains.  From  the  same. 

££  canadensis  Linn.  Nova  Scotia.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 

££  phasianellus  Linn.  Missouri.  From  the  same. 

££  cupido  Linn.  Illinois.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann,  M.  D. 

Bonasa  umbellus  (Linn.)  Pennsylvania.  Presented  by  Mr.  S.  Ashmead. 

££  sylvestris  Brehm.  Switzerland.  From  Mons.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

Lagopus  scoticus  (Lath.)  Scotland.  From  the  same. 

££  albus  (Gmel.)  Russia.  From  the  same. 

££  mutus  Leach.  Switzerland.  From  the  same.  3 

£<  islandorum  Faber.  Iceland.  From  the  same. 

Pterocles  alchata  (Linn.)  French  Pyrenees.  From  the  same. 

££  arenarius  (Pall.)  Spain.  From  the  same. 

££  fasciatus  (Scop.)  Africa.  From  the  same. 

££  exustus  Temm.  Syria  in  Asia.  From  the  same. 


26 


VI.  Family  TINAMIDiE. 

Tinamus  tao  (Temm.)  Brazil.  From  Mons.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 
£f  major  (Linn.)  Brazil.  From  the  same. 

“  vermiculatus  (Temm.)  Mexico.  From  the  same. 

££  cinereus  (Gmel.)  Brazil.  From  the  same. 

££  noctivagus  Pr.  Max.  Brazil.  From  the  same. 

“  variegates  (Gmel.)  Brazil.  From  the  same. 

££  undulatus  Temm.  Peru.  From  the  same. 

££  sovi  (Gmel.)  Brazil.  From  the  same. 

££"  tatapau  Temm.  Chili.  From  the  same. 

Nothura  Boraquira  (Spix.)  Rio  Janiero.  From  the  same. 

“  minor  (Spix.)  Brazil.  From  the  same. 

££  nana  (Temm.)  Paraguay.  From  the  same. 

££  maculosa  (Temm.)  Brazil.  From  the  same. 

Rhynchotus  rufescens  (Temm.)  Buenos  Ayres.  From  the  same. 


6th  Order  STRUTHIONES. 

I.  Family  STRUTHIONID^E. 

Struthio  camelus  Linn.  Africa.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

Rhea  americana  Lath.  Brazil.  From  the  same. 

£<  Darwinii  Gould.  Brazil.  From  the  same. 

Dromaius  Nov;e  Hollands  (Lath.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 
Casarius  emu  Lath.  Ind.  Archipelago.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 
Apteryx  australis  Shaw.  Australia.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 

Otis  tarda  Linn.  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

££  tetrax  Linn.  France.  From  the  same. 

Eupodotis  Edwardsii  (Gray.)  India.  Presented  by  Mr.  E.  Wilson. 

££  australis  (Gray.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

££  Denhami  (Childr.)  Africa.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

££  caffra  (Licht.)  Africa.  From  the  same. 

££  Ludwigii  (Rupp.)  Africa.  From  the  same. 

££  Vigorsii  (A.  Smith.)  Africa.  From  the  same. 

££  undulata  (Jacq.)  Africa.  From  the  same. 

££  aurita  (Lath.)  Bombay.  From  the  same. 


7th  Order  GRALLyE. 

I.  Family  CHARADRIDiE. 

CEdicnemus  crepitans  Temm.  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

££  ££  Africa.  From  the  same. 

££  maculosus  Temm.  Africa.  From  the  same. 

££  bistriatus  (Wagl.)  From  the  same. 

££  grallarius  (Lath.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

Esacus  magnirostris  (Geoff.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

Pluvianus  ^Egyptius  (Linn.)  Egypt.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

Cursorius  coromandelicus  (Gmel.)  Asia.  From  the  same. 

££  bicinctus  Temm.  Africa.  /  From  the  same. 

Glareola  pratincola  (Linn.)  France.  From  the  same. 


27 


Vanellus  cristatus  Meyer.  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

44  44  Laponia.  From  the  same. 

“  64  England.  From  the  same. 

44  cayennensis  (Gmel.)  Paraguay.  From  the  same. 

Lobivanellus  personata  Gould.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 


Hoplopterus  spinosus  (Linn.)  Asia.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

44  persicus  (Bonn.)  Africa.  From  the  same. 

44  coronates  (Bodd.)  Africa.  Presented  by  Mr.  E.  Wilson. 


Charadrius 

ee 

ee 

Sf 

ee 

ee 

ee 

ee 

ee 

ee 

ee 

ee 

ee 

ee 


pluvialis  Linn.  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

mortnellus  Linn.  France.  From  the  same. 

vociferus  Linn.  Maryland.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann,  M.D. 

44  Cuba.  From  M.  La  Sagra’s  Collection. 

hiatactla  Linn.  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 
curonicus  Beseke.  France.  From  the  same. 
cantianus  Lath.  France.  From  th^e  same. 
bicinctus  Jard.  and  Selby.  Australia.  From  the  same. 
rtxfic 4pillus  Temm.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 
collaris  Vieill.  Buenos  Ayres.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 
Wilsonius  Ord.  N.  Jersey.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann,  M.  D. 
melodus  Ord.  N.  Jersey.  From  the  same. 

semipalmatus  Kaup.  Labrador.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 
xanthocheilus  Wagl.  N.  S.  Wales.  Presented  by  M.  J.  Ver- 
reaux. 


H.ematopus  ostralegus  Linn.  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

44  falliatus  Temm.  N.  Jersey.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann,  M.D. 
44  Niger  Cuv.  Australia.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

44  capensis  Licht.  Africa.  From  the  same. 

44  fuliginostjs  Gould.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 
44  longirostris  Vieill.  Australia.  From  the  same. 


Cinclus  interpres  (Linn.)  Germany.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 


II.  Family  ARDEIDiE. 

Psopiiia  crepitans  Linn.  Amazon  River.  Presented  by  Mr.  W.  H.  Edwards. 

Grus  cinerea  Bechst.  Germany.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

“  carunculata  (Gmel.)  Africa.  From  the  same. 

“  antigone  (Linn.)  Asia.  From  the  same. 

{i  canadensis  (Linn.)  Wisconsin.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann,  M. D. 

“  australiana  Gould.'  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

Scops  virgo  (Linn.)  Africa.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

“  paradisea  (Licht.)  Africa.  From  the  same. 

Eurypyga  helias  (Pall.)  Paraguay.  From  the  same. 

Ardea  cinerea  Linn.  France.  From  the  same. 

“  melanocephala  Childr.  and  Vig.  Africa.  From  the  same. 

<e  herodias  Linn.  Pennsylvania.  From  the  same. 

44  44  Amazon  River.  Presented  by  Mr.  W.  H.  Edwards. 

“  purpurea  Linn.  England.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 

“  pacifica  Lath.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

(t  alba  Gmel.  Europe.  Presented  by  Mr.  E.  Wilson. 

iC  egretta  Gmel.  N.  Jersey.  Presented  by  S.  W.  Woodhouse,  M.  D. 

44  44  Amazon  River.  Presented  by  Mr.  W.  H.  Edwards. 

44  44  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

44  garzetta  Linn.  France.  From  the  same. 


28 


Ardea  candidissima  Gmel.  N.  Jersey.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

(i  rufa  Bodd.  Florida.  Presented  by  Mr.  J.  J.  Audubon. 
t(  Pealii  Pr.  Bonap.  Florida.  From  M.  Des  Murs’ Collection. 

<f  leucog aster  Gmel.  Florida.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann,  M. D. 

((  ccerulea  Linn.  Florida.  From  the  same. 

“  .  Novas  hollandlk  Lath.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

“  jugularis  Forst.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

“  comata  Pall.  Hungary.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

“  mi  nut  a  Linn.  France.  From  the  same. 

<c  exilis  Gmel.  Pennsylvania.  Presented  by  Professor  Baird. 

<c  virescens  Linn.  Pennsylvania.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

“  grisea  Bodd.  Chili.  From  the  same. 

“  flavicollis  Lath.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

“  picata  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

<c  leucoptera  Bodd.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

“  coromanda  Bodd.  Europe.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

Botaurus  stellaris  (Linn.)  France.  From  the  same. 

“  lentiginosus  Mont.  California.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann, 
M.D. 

“  “  Missouri.  Presented  by  G.  C.  Leib,  M.  D. 

Nycticorax  njevius  (Bodd.)  Florida.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann,  M.D. 
te  caledonicus  (Gmel.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 
“  violaceus  (Linn.)  Florida.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 

“  griseus  (Linn.)  Europe.  From  the  same. 

Platalea  lpucorodia  Linn.  Germany.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

“  ajaja  Linn.  Amazon  River.  Presented  by  Mr.  W.  H.  Edwards. 

Ciconia  alba  Briss.  Germany.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

“  nigra  Bechst.  Russia.  From  the  same. 

Tantalus  loculator  Linn.  Amazon  River.  Presented  by  Mr.  W.  H.  Edwards. 

Ibis  rubra  (Linn.)  Brazil.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

“  falcinellus  (Linn.)  Hungary.  From  the  same. 

“  alba  (Linn.)  Florida.  Presented  by  Mr.  J.  J.  Audubon. 


III.  Family  SCOLOPACID^E. 

Numenius  arcuatus  (Linn.)  Germany.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

4<  piiiEOPUS  (Linn.)  Germany.  From  the  same. 

Limosa  asgocephala  (Linn.)  England.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 

“  lapponica  (Linn.)  Holland.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

Totanus  calidris  (Linn.)  France.  From  the  same. 

“  ochropus  (Linn.)  Savoy.  From  the  same. 

«  flavipes  (Gmel.)  Pennsylvania.  Presented  by  Mr.  S.  Ashmead. 

“  semipalm atus  (Gmel.)  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

“  “  N.  Jersey.  Presented  by  Mr.  John  Krider. 

<£  chloropygius  Vieill.  Pennsylvania.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann, 
M.D. 

Tringoides  hypoleuca  (Linn.)  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs’ Collection. 

“  macularia  (Linn.)  Maryland.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann,  M.D. 
“  Bartramius  (Wils.)  Missouri.  Presented  by  Wm.  Gambel,  M.  D. 

Recurvirostra  avocetta  Linn.  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs’ Collection. 

C{  americana  Gmel.  Rocky  Mts.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heer¬ 

mann,  M.  D. 

Himantopus  candidus  Bonn.  N.  Africa.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 


29 


Philomaciius  pugnax  (Linn.)  Germany.  From  M.  Des  Mars’  Collection. 

Tringa  maritima  Briin.  Iceland.  From  the  same. 

“  rufescens  Vieill.  Labrador.  From  the  same. 

“  cinclus  Linn.  Sweden.  From  the  same. 
e<  schinzii  Brehm.  Labrador.  From  the  same. 
cc  canutus  Linn.  Iceland.  From  the  same. 

Caudris  arekaria  (Linn.)  Norway.  From  the  same. 

Gallinago  major  (Gmel.)  Africa.  From  the  same. 

“  media  Steph.  France.  From  the  same. 

“  gallinula  (Linn.)  France.  From  the  same. 

“  Wilsonii  (Temm.)  Nova  Scotia.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.D. 
<e  undulata  (Bodd.)  Brazil.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

Scolopax  rusticola  Linn.  France.  From  the  same. 

Philohela  minor  (Gmel.)  Pennsylvania.  From  the  same. 

Rhynch^ea  capensis  (Linn.)  Africa.  From  the  same. 

Phaearopus  fulicarius  (Linn.)  Iceland.  From  the  same. 

“  hyperboreus  (Linn.)  Iceland.  From  the  same. 


IV.  Family  PAL AMEDEIDiE. 

Para  jacana  Linn.  Brazil.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 
Palamedea  cornuta  Linn.  Brazil.  From  the  same. 

Chauna  chavaria  (Linn.)  Paraguay.  From  the  same. 


V.  Family  RALLIDyE. 

Rallus  aquaticus  Linn.  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

(l  virginianus  Linn.  N.  Jersey.  Presented  by  Mr.  J.  Krider. 

“  crepitans  Gmel.  N.  Jersey.  From  the  same. 

<l  eeegans  Aud.  S.  Carolina.  Presented  bv  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.D. 

“  super ci liosijs  Swains.  Sumatra.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

“  phieippensis  Linn.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

“  pectoralis  Cuv.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

Aramus  scolopaceus  (Gmel.)  Paraguay.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

Ortygometra  crex  (Gmel.)  France.  From  the  same. 

“  Carolina  (Linn.)  Massachusetts.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson, 

M.D. 

“  porzana  (Linn.)  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

“  jamaicensis  (Gmel.)  N.  Jersey.  Presented  by  Mr.  S.  Ashmead. 

“  affinis  G.  R.  Gray.  Australia.  From  M.  Des  Murs’ Collection. 

minuta  (Pall.)  Spain.  From  the  same. 

Aramides  gigas  (Spix.)  Brazil.  From  the  same. 

«  maculatus  (Bodd.)  Paraguay.  From  the  same. 

“  C/Esius  (Spix.)  Paraguay.  From  the  same. 

<e  cayennensis  (Gmel.)  Cayenne.  From  the  same. 

Eulabeornis  castaneoventris  Gould.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Col¬ 
lection. 

Corethrura  rubiginosa  (Temm.)  Sumatra.  From  M.  Des  Murs’ Collection. 
<c  f  asci  at  a  (Raffl.)  Java.  From  the  same. 

“  fusca  (Linn.)  Sumatra.  From  the  same. 

P orphy’rio  martinica  (Linn.)  Louisiana.  From  the  same. 


30 


Porphyrio  melanocephalus  (Gmel.)  Cayana.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Col 
lection. 

££  purpureus  (Gmel.)  Brazil.  From  the  same. 

Tribonyx  Mortieri  Dubus.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

££  ventralis  (Gould.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

Gallinula  chloropus  (Linn.)  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs’ Collection. 

££  pilenicura  (Penn.)  Java.  From  the  same. 

“  crassirostris  (Gray.)  Brazil.  From  the  same. 

££  galeata  Pr.  Max.  Florida.  Presented  hy  J.  J.  Audubon. 

Fulica  atra  Linn.  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

££  cristata  Gmel.  Africa.  From  the  same. 

“  arm i elat a  Yieill.  Chili.  From  the  same. 

££  gigantea  Eyd.  et  Souley.  Peru.  From  the  same. 

££  americana  Gmel.  California.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann,  M.  D. 


8th  Order  ANSERES. 


I.  Family  ANATIDiE. 

Phcenicopterus  antiquorum  Temm.  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 
££  ££  Barbary.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson, M.  D. 

Plectr-opterus  gambensis  (Linn.)  Africa.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 
Chenalopex  jegyptiacus  (Linn.)  Egypt.  From  the  same. 

Cereopsis  nov^e  hollandle  Lath.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 


Anser  ferus  Gesn.  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

££  segetum  (Gmel.)  Norway.  From  the  same. 

££  brachyrynchus  Baill.  Europe.  From  the  same. 

££  erythropus  (Linn.)  Russia.  From  the  same. 

££  cygnoides  (Linn.)  China.  From  the  same. 

Bernicla  canadensis  (Linn.)  Missouri.  From  the  same. 

Nettapus  fulchellus  Gould.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 


Cygnus  olor  (Gmel.)  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

££  ££  England.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 

££  ferus  Ray.  Northern  Europe.  From  M.  Des  Murs’ Collection. 
££  nigricollis  (Gmel.)  Chili.  From  the  same. 

££  atrata  (Lath.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 


Dendrocygna  arcuata  (Cuv.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 

££  ££  JVepaul,  India.  Presented  by  Mr.  E.  Wilson. 

££  viduata  (Linn.)  S.  America.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 


Tadorna  vulpanser  Flem.  England.  From  the  same. 

££  ££  France.  From  the  same. 

££  n^vosa  (Gould.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 


Aix  sponsa  (Linn.)  Virginia.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

££  ££  Cuba.  From  M.  La  Sagra’s  Collection. 

££  galericulata  (Linn.)  China.  Presented  by  Mr.  E.  Wilson. 


Mareca  penelope  (Linn.)  Northern  Europe.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 
Dafila  acuta  (Linn.)  Iceland.  From  the  same. 

Anas  boschas  Linn.  France.  From  the  same. 

££  ££  Nova  Scotia.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 

££  ££  California.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann,  M.  D. 

££  superciliosa  Gmel.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 


31 


Anas  obscura  Gmel.  N.  Jersey.  Presented  by  Mr.  S.  Ashmead. 

«  punctata  Burch.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

Querquedula  crecca  (Linn.)  Holland.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

££  Ipecuturi  (Vieill.)  Rio  de  la  Plata.  From  the  same. 

Pterocyanea  circia  (Linn.)  Hungary.  From  the  same. 

££  discors  (Linn.)  Missouri.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann,  M.  D. 

(i  cceruleata  (Licht.)  California.  From  the  same. 

Chaulelasmus  strepera  (Linn.)  Holland.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

Spatula  clypeata  (Linn.)  Rocky  Mts.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann,  M.D. 
l£  £‘  Holland.  From  M.  Dee  Murs’  Collection. 

Cairina  moschata  (Linn.)  Brazil.  From  the  same. 

Branta  rufina  (Pall.)  Sicily.  From  the  same. 

££  ££  Lucknow.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 

Fuligula  cristata  (Ray.)  Iceland.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

££  marila  (Linn.)  Iceland.  From  the  same. 

Nyroca  ferina  (Linn.)  Saxony.  From  the  same. 

££  leucopthalma  (Bechst.)  Saxony.  From  the  same. 

Hybridus  N.  Yalesneria  (Wils.)  et  Anas  boschas  Linn.  Pennsylvania.  Pre¬ 
sented  by  Professor  Baird. 

Clangula  glaucion  (Linn.)  Northern  Europe.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Col¬ 
lection. 

££  islandica  (Gmel.)  Iceland.  From  the  same. 

££  histrionic  a  (Linn.)  Iceland.  From  the  same. 

Harelda  glacialis  (Linn.)  Sweden.  From  the  same. 

Somateria  molissima  (Linn.)  Spitzberg.  From  the  same. 

Oidemia  nigra  (Linn.)  Iceland.  From  the  same. 

££  velvetina  Cassin.  Labrador.  From  the  same. 

££  perspicillata  (Linn.)  Labrador.  From  the  same. 

Biziura  lobata  (Shaw.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

Erismatura  leucocephala  (Scops.)  Europe.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 
££  australis  (Gould.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

Mergus  castor  Linn.  Norway.  From  M.  Des  Murs3  Collection. 

££  serrator  Ltnn.  Sweden;  From  the  same. 

££  ££  Bay  of  Fundy.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 

££  cucullatus  Linn.  Labrador.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 


II.  Family  COLYMBIDJE. 

Colymbus  glacialis  Linn.  Northern  Europe.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 
<£  arcticus  Linn.  Northern  Europe.  Presented  by  Mr.  E.  Wilson. 

££  septentrionalis  Linn.  Iceland.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

Podiceps  cristatus  (Linn.)  Northern  Europe.  From  the  same. 

££  arcticus  Boie.  Iceland.  From  the  same. 

££  grisegena  (Bodd.)  Northern  Europe.  From  the  same. 

££  ££  Africa.  From  the  same. 

££  auritus  (Linn.)  Europe.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 

££  minor  (Gmel.)  Europe.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

££  cornutus  (Gmel.)  Germany.  From  the  same. 

££  Philippensis  (Bonn.)  Java.  From  the  same. 

££  nov,e  HOLLANDiiE  Steph.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 


PoDlLYMBUS  CAROL1NENSIS  (Lath.) 

M.D. 

K  (i 


Missouri.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann, 
From  M.  La  Sagra’s  Collection. 


III.  Family  ALCIDJE. 


Alca  impennis  Linn.  Arctic  Europe.  From  M.  Des  Murs’ Collection. 
££  torda  Linn.  Iceland.  From  the  same. 

£C  “  Labrador.  From  the  same. 


Fratercula  glacialis  (Leach.)  Northern  Europe.  From  the  same. 

“  “  Labrador.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 

“  arctica  (Linn.)  Normandy.  From  M.  Des  Murs*  Collection. 

££  cirrhata  (Gmel.)  California.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann, 

M.D. 


Spheniscus  demersus  (Linn.)  Cape  Good  Hope.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Col¬ 
lection. 

“  Magellan i cus  (Forst.)  Cape  Good  Hope.  Presented  by  Mr.  E. 

Wilson. 


Eudyptes  Antarctica  (Forst.)  Antarctic  Ocean.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Col¬ 
lection. 

££  chrysocome  (Forst.)  S.  African  Coast.  From  the  same. 

££  torquata  (Forst.)  Antarctic  Ocean.  From  the  same. 

££  minor  (Forst.)  S.  African  Coast.  From  the  same. 

le  ££  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 


Aptenodytes  Forsteri  G.  R.  Gray.  Southern  Ocean.  From  M.  Des  Murs’ 
Collection. 

Uria  grylle  (Linn.)  Arctic  Europe.  From  the  same. 

“  ‘£  Labrador.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 

£t  ££  California.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann,  M.  D. 

££  Mandtii  Licht.  Arctic  Europe.  From  M.  Des  Murs’ Collection. 

££  troile  (Linn.)  N.  Europe.  From  the  same. 

££  ££  Newfoundland.  From  the  same. 

£<  Brunichii  Sabine.  Iceland.  From  the  same. 

££  ££  California.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann,  M.  D. 

££  ringvia  Briinn.  Iceland.  From  M.  Des  Murs*  Collection. 


1Y.  Family  PROCELL  ARID  JE. 


Puff  intis  major  Faber.  Sardinia.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

££  sphenurus  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

££  anglorum  Ray.  England.  From  the  same. 

££  obscurus  (Gmel.)  Europe.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 

££  chlororhynchus  Less.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

££  ca-rnipes  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

££  brevicaudus  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

;£  iequinoctialis  (Linn.)  Island  of  Bourbon.  From  M.  Des  Murs’ 
Collection. 

Thalassidroma  pelagica  (Linn.)  Sardinia.  From  the  same. 

(l  Leachi  (Temm.)  France.  From  the  same. 

££  ££  Bay  of  Fundy.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 

££  Bulwerii  (Jard.  and  Selby.)  Madeira.  From  the  same. 

££  Marina  (Linn.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 


Procellaria  gigantea  Gmel. 

lection. 

“  glacialis  Linn. 

<( 

££  solandri  Gould. 


Antarctic  Circle.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Col- 

Northern  Europe.  From  the  same. 

Malouine  Islands.  From  the  same. 

Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 


33 


Prion  vittata  (Gmel.)  Antarctic  Ocean.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

Diomedea  exulans  Linn.  Van  Diemen’s  Land.  From  the  same. 

££  “  S.  African  Coast.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

££  cauta  Gould.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

££  chlororhyncha  Gmel.  CapeHorn.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 
££  fuliginosa  Gmel.  Gape  Horn.  From  the  same. 


V.  Family  LARIDzE. 

Stercorarius  parasiticus  (Briin.)  Labrador.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Col¬ 
lection. 

££  cephus  (Briin.)  England.  From  the  same. 

££  catarrua  tes  (Linn.)  Iceland.  From  the  same. 

££  ££  Great  Britain.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 

Rhodostethia  Rossi  (Sabine.)  Arctic  Circle.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

Larus  glaucus  Briinn.  Spitzberg.  From  the  same. 

££  ££  Greenland.  From  the  same. 

££  marinus  Linn.  Europe.  From  the  same. 

££  ££  Labrador.  From  the  same. 

££  leucopterus  Faber.  France.  From  the  same. 

££  ££  Labrador.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 

££  argentatos  Briinn.  Erance.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

{t  ££  Labrador.  From  the  same. 

££  occidentalis  And.  California.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann,  M.  D. 

££  fuscus  Linn.  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

££  pacificus  Lath.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

££  novas  hollandias  Steph.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

“  crassirostris  Vieill.  Van  Diemen’s  Land.  From  Mons.  Des  Murs’ 
Collection. 

££  ichthjEtus  Pall.  Eastern  Europe.  From  the  same. 

<c  canus  Linn.  Europe.  From  the  same. 

<e  zonorhynchus  Rich,  and  Swains.  Labrador.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wil¬ 
son,  M.  D. 

££  Audouinii  Payr.  Poland.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

££  ridibundus  Linn.  France.  From  the  same. 

“  capistratus  Pr.  Bonap.  Europe.  From  the  same. 

(e  atricielus  Linn.  N.  Jersey.  Presented  by  Wm.  Gambel,  M.  D. 

u  i(  Europe.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

c<  leucopthalmus  Licht.  Southern  France.  From  the  same. 
ii  gelastes  Licht.  Southern  France.  From  the  same. 

<e  cirrocephalus  Vieill.  Buenos  Ayres.  From  the  same. 

Xema  Sabinei  Leach.  Europe.  From  the  same. 

Rissa  tridactyla  (Lath.)  England.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 

“  te  Labrador.  From  the  same. 

Rhyncops  nigra  Linn.  N.  Jersey.  Presented  by  Mr.  J.  Krider. 

<4  melanura  Swains.  S.  America.  From  M.  Des  Murs’ Collection. 

<£  albirostris  Licht.  Africa.  From  the  same. 

Sterna  caspia  Pall.  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs’ Collection. 

££  peeicanoides  Vig.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

££  poliocercus  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

££  affinis  Rupp.  Java.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

££  cayennensis  Gmel.  Florida.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann,  M.  D. 

££  ‘£  Amazon  River.  Presented  by  Mr.  W.  H.  Edwards. 

££  anglica  Mont.  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

££  ££  New  Jersey.  Presented  by  Mr.  J.  Krider. 

5 


34 


Sterna 

u 

a 


CC 


CC 

cc 

cc 

CC 

cc 

cc 

cc 

cc 

cc 

cc 


strenuus  Gould.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 
fuliginosa  Gmel.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

“  Tortugas  Islands.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann,  M.D. 

p anaya  Gould.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 
acutiflavida  Cabot.  Florida.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann,  M.  D. 
cantiaca  Gmel.  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs’ Collection. 
hirundo  Linn.  France.  From  the  same. 

££  Africa.  From  the  same. 

macroura  Naum.  Iceland.  From  the  same. 

££  N.  Jersey.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann,  M.  D. 

Wilsonii  Pr.  Bonap.  N.  Jersey.  From  the  same. 
taradisea  Brim.  Europe.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 
minuta  Linn.  France.  From  the  same. 

argentea  Pr.  Max.  New  Jersey.  Presented  by  Mr.  J.  Krider. 
melanauchen  Temm.  Timor,  Asia.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 
speculifera  Temm.  Paraguay.  From  the  same. 
nereis  Gould.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 


H^drochelidon  hybrida  (Pall.)  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 
“  nigra  (Linn.)  France.  From  the  same. 

££  leucoptera  (Temm.)  Greece.  From  the  same. 


Anous  stolidus  (Linn.)  Portugal.  From  the  same. 

££  ££  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

££  ££  Tortugas  Islands.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann, M.  D. 

££  melanops  Gould.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

££  gracilis  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

<£  leucocapillus  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

££  tereticollis  (Lafr.)  Australia.  From  the  same. 


VI.  Family  PELICANID.E. 

PiiffiTON  ^thereus  Linn.  Island  of  Bourbon.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Col¬ 
lection. 

££  RUBRicAUDA  Bodd.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

£C  candidus  (Briss.)  Brazil.  From  M.’Des  Murs’  Collection. 

Plotus  anhinga  Linn.  Florida.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.D. 

££  melanogaster  Gmel.  Brazil.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

££  congensis  Leach.  Africa.  From  the  same. 

Sula  bassana  (Linn.)  Holland.  From  the  same. 

£‘  ££  Labrador.  Presented  by  E.  Harris,  M.  D. 

££  capensis  Licht.  Africa.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

££  cyanops  Sunder.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

££  personata  Gould.  Australia.  From  the  same. 

£t  piscator  (Linn.)  Australia.  From  the  same.  » 

££  fusca  Yieill.  Australian  Coast.  From  the  same. 

Graculus  carbo  (Linn.)  Holland.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

££  Sinensis  (Shaw.)  Antarctic  America.  From  the  same. 

££  carboides  (Gould.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Collection. 

££  cristatus  (Fabr.)  France.  From  M.  Des  Murs*  Collection. 

££  Linn^i  Gray.  Africa.  From  the  same. 

££  Desmarestii  (Payr.)  Corsica.  From  the  same. 

((  dilophus  (Yieill.)  Labrador.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.  D. 
te  floridianus  (Aud.)  Florida.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann, 
M.  D,. 


35 


Graculus  Townsendii  (Aud.)  California.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann, 
M.D. 

{e  violaceus  (Gmel.)  California.  From  the  same. 

((  Gaimardii  (Garn.)  Chili.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

“  letjcog  aster  (Gould.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Col¬ 

lection. 

(i  PYGMiEus  (Pall.)  Europe.  From  M.  Des  Murs’ Collection. 

“  melanoleucus  (Vieill.)  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Col¬ 
lection. 

ei  africanus  (Gmel.)  Afriaa.  Presented  by  T.  B.  Wilson,  M.D. 

Pelecanus  onocrotalus  (Linn.)  Africa.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

<c  conspicillatus  Temm.  Australia.  From  Mr.  J.  Gould’s  Col¬ 
lection. 

Si  fuscus  Linn.  Florida.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heermann,  M.D. 

il  “  Texas.  From  M.  Des  Murs’  Collection. 

Atagen  aquila  (Linn.)  Island  of  Ascension.  From  the  same. 


The  foregoing  catalogue  of  birds’  eggs  embraces  1323  determined  species  of 
493  genera.  Of  these,  835  species,  derived  from  all  parts  of  the  world,  formed 
the  celebrated  and  valuable  collection  of  Mons.  O.  Des  Murs,  of  Paris.  The 
Australian  species,  numbering  246,  accompanied  the  splendid  collection  of  birds 
from  that  country,  made  by  the  distinguished  ornithologist  Mr.  John  Gould,  of 
London,  and  which  is  now  in  the  Museum  of  the  Academy.  The  Cuba  species 
belonged  to  the  collection  of  the  well  known  naturalist  M.  Ramon  de  la  Sagra, 
and  were  presented  by  Mr.  E.  Wilson. 

The  whole  of  the  two  first  collections  were  purchased  by  Dr.  T.  B.  Wilson, 
and,  with  his  usual  liberality,  presented  to  the  Academy.  The  remainder  con¬ 
sists  of  species  presented  by  several  individuals  whose  names  are  attached  to 
their  donations  throughout  the  catalogue.  Of  undetermined  eggs  in  the  collec¬ 
tions  of  M.  Des  Murs  and  Mr.  Gould,  there  are  197  species. 


CORRECTIONS. 

Page  4.  For  leucostemus  read  leucosternus. 

Page  11.  Add  Laturence  after  Conirostum  ornatum. 


INDEX  FAMILIARUM. 


AlCEDINIDE 

' 

Page. 

.  6 

Meropide 

Alcide 

32 

Muscicapide 

Ampelide 

14 

Musophagide 

Ana.tid.e  . 

30 

Ardeide  . 

27 

Palamedeide 

Pelicanide 

Caprimulgide 

5 

Phasianide 

CeRTHIDE  . 

8 

PlCIDE 

Charadride 

26 

Procellaride 

CoLIDE 

20 

Promeropide 

CoLUMBIDE 

22 

PsiTTACIDE 

CoLYMBIDE 

31 

CoRACIDE 

6 

Rallide  . 

CoRVIDE  . 

15 

Cracide  . 

24 

ScOLOPACIPE 

CuCULIDE 

22 

Strigide  . 

Struthionide 

FaLCONIDE 

3 

Sturnide 

Fringilljde 

17 

Tetraonide 

Hirundinide 

6 

Tin  amide 

TrOCH  ILIDE 

LaNIIDE  . 

15 

T  URDIDE  . 

Laride 

33 

Luscinide 

9 

Upupide  . 

Megapodide 

. 

. 

24 

VlJLTURIDE 

Meliphagide 

. 

. 

. 

7 

CATALOGUE 


OF  THE- 

HIRUNDINIDJE 


IN  THE  COLLECTION  OF 

THE  ACADEMY  OF  NATURAL  SCIENCES 

OF  PHILADELPHIA. 

BY 

JOHN  CASS  IN- 

July  1,  1853. 


Family  HIRUNDINID.E. 

I.  Subfamily  II IR  UNDININjE. 

1.  Genus  HIRUNDO,  Linn.  Syst.  Nat.  i.  p.  343,  (1766.) 

1.  Hirundo  kustica,  Linn.  Syst.  Nat.  i.  p.  343,  (1766.)  Gould , 

B.  of  Bur.  ii.  pi.  54. 

Hirundo  doniestica,  Auct.  Antiq.  et  Pallas  Zoog.  i.  p.  528. 
Oecropis  rustica  et  pagorum,  Brehm.  Yog.  Deut.  i.  p  137,  138. 

“  Hirundo  albifrons,  Rupp.  Mus.  Francof.”  Bonap.  Consp.  Av. 
p.  338. 

1,  2,  3,  4.  Adult  males,  England.  Presented  by  Edward  Wil¬ 
son,  Esq. 

5.  Female,  England.  Presented  by  the  same. 

6.  Adult  male,  Switzerland.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heer- 

man,  M.  D. 

7.  Adult,  France,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

8,  9,  Albinoes,  France,  from  the  same. 

10.  Nearly  adult,  India,  fr  m  Capt.  Boys’  collection. 

11.  Adult,  Japan.  Presented  by  Lieut.  Edward  Brinley,  Jr., 

U.  S.  Navy. 

2.  Hirundo  domicola,  Jerdon.  Madras  Journal  f 

Hirundo  dimidiata,  Sundeval.  Ofversigt  Kongl.  Jihad.,  April, 
1850  ? 

Hirundo  rusticoides.  Catalogue  of  Rivoli  collection ,  p.  18. 
u  Hirundo  rusticoides,  Cuv.”  Label  on  specimens  in  Rivoli  collec¬ 
tion. 

11  Hirundo  rusticoides,  Kuhl.”  Boie  in  Isis,  1841,  p.  174? 

1.  Nearly  adult,  Java,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

2.  Younger,  Java,  from  the  same. 

3.  This  species?  Abyssinia,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

3.  Hirundo  gutturalis,  Scopoli.  Flor.  et  Faun.  Insub.  pt.  ii.  p. 

96,  (1786,)  PL  Col .  83,  fig.  2. 

Hirundo  panayana,  Gm.  Syst.  Nat.  i.  p.  1018,  (1788.) 

Hirundo  javanica,  Sparrman.  Mus.  Carls,  pi.  100.  (1789.) 
Hirundo  jewnn,  Sykes.  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.,  London ,  1832,  pt.  ii.  p.83. 
“  Hirundo  rustica,  Linn.”  Meyen  Nova  Acta.  xvi.  Suppl.  p,  72, 
pi.  10,  fig.  1. 

u  Hirundo  rusticoides,  Kuhl.”  Bonap.  Cons.  Av.  p.  338. 

1.  Adult  m?de,  Java,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

2.  Adult,  Java,  from  the  same. 


4.  Hirundo  Riocourii,  Audouin.  Desc.  de  V Egypt  i.  pt.  iv.  p.  270, 

Ois.  pi.  4  fig.  4,  (1809.) 

Hirundo  Savignii,  Stephens.  Gen.  Zool.  x.  p.  90,  (1817.) 

Hirundo  cahirica,  Licht.  Verz.  p.  58,  (1823.)  Werner,  Adas  Ois. 
d'  Eur.  pi.  32. 

Hirundo  Boissoneauii,  Temm.  Man.  pt.  iv.  p.  652. 

Hirundo  casfcanea,  Less.  Traite,  i.  p.  268. 

1.  Adult,  Africa,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

2,  3.  Nearly  adult,  Africa,  from  the  same. 

4.  Adult,  Monrovia,  Western  Africa,  from  Mr.  Cassin’s 
collection. 

5.  Hirundo  rufa,  Gm,  Syst.  Nat.  i.  p.  1018.  And.  B.  of  Am.  pi.  173. 

Hirundo  americana,  Wilson.  Am.  Orn.  v.  p.  34,  pi.  38,  fig.  1,  2. 
“Hirundo  rustica,  Linn.”  Aud.  Orn.  Biog.  ii.  p.  413. 

Hirundo  erythrogaster,  Bodd.  Tab.  PI.  End.  p.  45  ?  Buff.  PI.  Enl. 
724,  fig.  1  ? 

Hirundo  cyanopyrrha,  Vieill.  Nouv.  Diet.  xiv.  p.  510  ? 

Hirundo  horreorum,  Barton.  Fragments  Nat.  Hist.  Penna.  p.  17, 
(1799.) 

1.  Adult  male,  Pennsylvania,  from  Mr.  Krider’s  collection. 

2.  Adult  female,  Pennsylvania.  Presented  by  George  C. 

Leib,  M.  D. 

3.  Young,  Pennsylvania,  from  Mr.  Krider’s  collection. 

4,  5.  Albinoes,  Pennsylvania,  from  the  same. 

6.  Adult  male,  North  America,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

7.  Adult  male,  Bolivia,  from  the  same. 

8,  9.  Adults,  Cayenne,  from  the  same. 

10.  Adult,  Para,  Brazil,  from  the  same. 

6.  Hirundo  frontalis,  Qioy  et  Gaim.  Voy.  de  VAstr.  pi.  12,  fig.  1. 

(1833.) 

Hirundo  neoxena,  Gould.  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  London ,  1842,  p.  131. 
B.  of  Aust.  ii.  pi.  13. 

“  Hirundo  javanica,  Sparm.”  Ilorsf.  and  Vig.  Trans .  Linn.  Soc. 
London ,  xv.  p.  191. 

Hirundo  pacifica,  Lalli.  Ind.  Orn.  Supp.  p.  58  ? 

“  Hirundo  frontalis,  Quoy  et  Gaim.  nec  Say.”  Bonap.  Consp .  Av. 
p.  338  (uhi  Say  ?) 

1,  2.  Adult  males,  Australia,  from  Mr  Gould’s  collection. 

3.  Adult  male,  Van  Diemen’s  land,  from  the  same. 

4.  Adult  female,  Van  Diemen’s  land,  from  the  same. 

7.  Hirundo  albigularis,  Strickland.  Jard.  Cont.  1849,  pi.  15. 

“  Hirundo  rufifrons,  Vieill.”  Less.  Traite ,  i.  p.  248. 

“  Hirundo  rufifrons,  Less,  nec  Shaw  nec  Vieill.”  Bonap.  Cons. 
Av.  p.  338. 

1,  2.  Adults,  South  Africa,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

8.  Hirundo  scapularis,  Cassin.  Proc.  Acad.  Philada.  v.  pi.  12,  fig.  1. 

1.  Adult,  Southern  Africa,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 


9.  Hirundo  nigrita,  G.  R.  Gray.  Gen.  of  Birds ,  pi.  20. 

1.  Adult,  Asliantee  country,  from  M.  Verreaux’s  collection. 

2.  Adult,  Western  Africa,  from  Mr.  Cassin’s  collection. 

10.  Hirundo  ruficeps,  Licht.  Verz.  p.  58,  (1823.)  Lath.  Gen.  Hist. 

vii.  pi.  113. 

Hirundo  filifera,  Steph.  Gen.  Zool.  xiii.  pi.  ii.  p.  78,  (1826.) 
Hirundo  filicaudata,  Franklin.  Froc.  Zool.  Soc.  London ,  1831, 
p.  115. 

Hirundo  indica,  Gm.  Syst.  Nat.  i.  p.  1025.  Lath.  Gen.  Hist.  vii. 
pi.  111? 

1.  Adult  male,  India,  from  Capt.  Boys’  collection. 

2.  Adult  female,  India,  from  the  same. 

3.  Adult  male,  India. 

4.  Adult  female,  India. 

5.  Adult,  Madras,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

6,  7.  Nearly  adult,  Abyssinia,  from  the  same. 

8,  9.  Young?  Abyssinia,  from  the  same. 

2.  Genus  CECROPIS,  Boie.  Isis,  1826,  p.  971. 

1.  Cecropis  senegalensis,  (Linn.)  Swains .  B.  of  W.  Af.  ii.  pi.  6. 

Hirundo  senegalensis,  Linn.  Syst.  Nat.  i.  p.  345. 

“  Hirundo  rufula,  Temm.”  Gould.  B.  of  Eur.  ii.  pi.  55. 

“  Hirundo  russata  ?”  Label  on  specimen  from  Europe . 

1,  2.  Adults,  Senegal,  from  the  Bivoli  collection. 

3.  Adult,  Abyssinia. 

2.  Cecropis  cucullata,  (Bodd.)  Le  Vaill.  Ois.  d' Af.  pi.  245,  fig.  I 

Hirundo  cucullata,  Bodd.  Tab.  PL  Enl.  p.  45.  Buff.  PI.  Enl. 
723,  fig.  2. 

Hirundo  capensis,  Gm.  Syst.  Nat.  i.  p.  1019. 

1.  Adult  male,  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  from  the  Rivoli  collec¬ 

tion. 

2.  Younger,  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  from  the  same. 

3.  Very  young,  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  from  the  same. 

3.  Cecropis  abyssinica,  (Guerin.)  Ferr.  and  Gall.  Voy.  Abys.  Ois. 

pi.  10. 

Hirundo  abyssinica,  Guerin.  Rev.  Zool.  1843,  p.  322. 

Cecropis  striolata,  Rupp.  Syst.  Uebers.  p.  18,  pi.  6. 

<£  Hirundo  puella.”  Label  on  specimens  received  from  M.  Ver- 
reaux,  Paris. 

1.  Adult  male,  Port  Natal. 

2.  Adult  female,  Ashantee  country,  from  M.  Yerreaux’s 

collection. 

4.  Cecropis  striolata,  Temm.  Schlegel ,  Rev.  Crit.  p.  42.  Faun. 

Japon.  Aves ,  p.  33. 

1,  2.  Adults,  Java,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 


5.  Cecropis  japonica,  Bonap.  Consp.  Av.  p  340. 

Hirundo  alpestris  japonica,  Tamm,  and  Schl.  Faun.  Japon.  Aves , 
p,  33,  pi.  11. 

1.  Adult  male,  China. 

6.  Cecropis  daurica,  (Linr.) 

“  Hirundo  daurica,  Linn.  Mantiss.  p.  528.”  Gm.  Syst.  JVat.  i. 
p.  1024. 

Hirundo  erythropygia ,  Sykes.  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  London ,  1832,  p.  83. 
Hirundo  nipalensis,  Ilodg.  Journ.  As.  Soc.  Beng.  v.  p.  780,  (1836.) 
1,  2.  Adults,  India,  from  Capt.  Boys’  collection. 

7.  Cecropis  rufula,  (Teram.)  Werner’s  Adas,  Ois.  d’Eur.  pi.  27. 

1.  Adult,  Ural  mountains. 

8.  Cecropis  badia,  Cassin.  Proc.  Acad.  Philada.  June  1853. 

1,  2.  Adults,  Malacca. 

3.  Genus  PETROCHELIDON,  Cabanis.  Cat.  Heine’s  coll.  p.  47. 

1.  PETROCHELIDON  lunifrons,  (Say.)  Aud.  B.  of  Am.  pi.  68. 

Hirundo  lunifrons,  Say.  Long’s  Exp.  to  Rocky  Mts.  p.  47.  Bo¬ 
nap.  Am.  Orn.  i.  pi.  7,  fig.  1. 

11  Hirundo  fulva,  Vieill.”  Bonap.  Am.  Orn.  i.  p.  63.  Aud.  Orn. 
Biog.  v.  p.  415. 

u  Hirundo  melanogaster,  Swainson  ?”  Aud.  Orn.  Biog.  v.  p.  416. 
Hirundo  respublicana,  Aud.  Ann.  N.  Y.  Lyceum ,  i.  p.  164,  (1824.) 
Hirundo  opifex,  Clinton.  Ann.  N.  Y.  Lyceum,  i.  p.  161. 

1.  Adult,  Fort  Union.  Presented  by  Mr.  Edward  Harris. 

2.  Adult,  Columbia  river,  from  Dr.  Townsend’s  collection. 
3,  4.  Adults,  near  Philadelphia,  from  Mr.  Krider’s  collection. 
5,  6.  Adults,  Mexico  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

2.  PETROCHELIDON  FULYA,  (Vieill.) 

H  irundo  fulva,  Vieill.  Ois.  d' Am.  Sept,  p  62,  pi.  32. 

Hirundo  paeciloma,  Gosse .  B.  of  Jamaica,  p.  64. 

1.  Adult,  Jamaica.  Presented  by  C.  W.  Pennock,  M.  D. 

3.  Petrochelidon  bicolor,  (Vieill.)  Aud.  B.  of  Am.  pi.  98. 

Hirundo  bicolor,  Vieill.  Ois.  d  Am.  Sept.  p.  61,  pi.  31. 

Hirundo  viridis,  Wilson.  Am.  Orn.  v.  p.  44,  pi.  38,  fig.  3. 
Hirundo  leucogaster,  Stephens.  Gen.  Zoo.  x.  p.  106. 

1.  Adult  male,  Pennsylvania,  from  Mr.  Krider’s  collection. 

2.  Adult  male,  Pennsylvania.  Presented  by  Mr.  Penrose. 

3.  Adult  female,  North  America,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

4.  Adult,  California,  from  Mr.  Bell’s  collection. 

5.  Adult,  Bolivia. 


4.  Petrochelidon  thalassina,  (Sw.)  Aud.  B.  of  Am.  pi.  385, 

fig.  4,  5. 

Hirundo  thalassina,  Swains.  Philos.  Mag.  1827,  p.  366. 

“  Hirundo  viridis  ?  Licht.”  Bonap.  Consp.  Av.  p.  341. 

“Hirundo  sericea.”  Label  on  specimens  from  Messrs.  Verreaux ,  oj 
Paris. 

1.  Adult  male,  Oregon,  from  Dr.  Townsend’s  collection. 

2.  Adult  female,  Oregon,  from  the  same. 

3.  Adult  male,  California,  from  Dr.  Gambel’s  collection. 

4.  Adult,  Mexico,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

5,  6.  Adults,  Mexico. 

5.  Petrochelidon"  albiventer,  (Bodd.)  Buff.  PI.  Enl.  546,  fig.  2. 

Hirundo  albiventer,  Bodd.  Tab.  PI.  Enl.  p.  32. 

Hirundo  leucoptera,  Gm.  Syst.  Mat.  i.  p.  1022. 

1.  Adult,  Surinam.  Presented  by  C.  Ilering,  M.  D. 

2.  Adult,  Cayenne,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

3.  Adult,  Brazil,  from  the  same. 

4.  Adult,  Bolivia,  from  the  same. 

6.  Petrochelidon  leucorrhoa,  (Vieill.) 

Hirundo  leucorrhoa,  Vieill.  Nouv.  Diet.  xiv.  p.  519. 

Hirundo  frontalis,  Gould.  Voy.  Beagle ,  Birds ,  p.  40. 

Hirundo  Gouldii,  Cassin.  Proceed.  Acad.  Phil.,  v.  p.  69. 

“  Hirundo  leucopyga,  Licht.  Mus.  Berol.”  Cabanis.  Cat.  Heine's 
Coll.  p.  48. 

1,  2.  Adults,  South  America,  from  the  Rivoli  Collection. 

7.  Petrochelidon  Meyeni,  Cabanis.  Cat.  Heine's  Coil.  p.  48.  Nova 

Acta  Leop.  xvi.  Sup.  pi.  10,  fig.  2. 

“  Hirundo  leucopyga,  Licht.”  Meyen,  Nova  Acta ,  ut  sup. 

1.  Adult,  Chili,  from  Dr.  Townsend’s  collection. 

2.  Young,  South  America,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

8.  Petrochelidon  tahitica,  (Gm.)  Lath .  Gen.  Hist.  pi.  112. 

Hirundo  tahitica,  Gm.  Syst.  Nat.  i.  p.  1016. 

Hirundo  pyrrholaima,  Forst.  Desc.  An.  p.  241,  (1844.) 

Hirundo  taitensis,  Lesson.  Voy.  Coquille ,  i.  p.  648. 

1.  Adult,  Tahiti,  from  Dr.  Townsend’s  collection. 

2.  Adult,  Sandwich  Islands,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

9.  Petrochelidon  nigricans,  (Vieill.)  Gould ,  B.ofAust.  ii.  pi.  14. 

Hirundo  nigricans,  Vieill.  Nouv.  Diet.  xiv.  p.  523. 

“  Hirundo  pyrrhonota,  Lath.  MSS.”  Vig.  and  Horsf.  Linn. 
Trans.  London ,  xv.  p.  190. 

Collocalia  arborea.  Gould.  Birds  of  Aust.  ii.  p.  lntrod.  p.  29. 
“  Hirundo  pygialis,  Ternm.’5  Bonap.  Cons.  Av.  p.  341. 

1,  2.  Adult  males,  Australia,  from  Mr.  Gould’s  collection. 

3.  Adult  female,  Australia,  from  the  same. 

4.  Adult  male,  Van  Diemen’s  Land,  from  the  same. 

5.  Adult,  Australia,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 


10.  Petrochelidon  Ariel,  (Gould.)  B.  of  Aust.  ii.  pi.  15. 

Collocalia  Ariel,  Gould.  Proc .  Zool.  Soc.  London ,  1842,  p.  132. 

1,  2.  Adult  males,  Australia,  from  Mr.  Gould’s  collection. 

3.  Adult  female,  Australia,  from  the  same. 

4.  Adult,  Australia,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

11.  Petrochelidon  cyanoleuca,  (Vieill.)  PL  col.  209,  fig.  1. 
Hirundo  cyanoleuca,  Vieill.  Nouv.  Diet.  xiv.  p.  509. 

Hirundo  minuta,  De  Wied.  Beitr.  ii.  p.  369. 

Hirundo  melampyga,  Licht.  Verz.  p.  57. 

Hirundo  melanoleuca,  De  Wied.  Beitr.  p.  371? 

1,  2,  3.  Adults,  Brazil,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

4,  5.  Younger,  Brazil,  from  the  same. 

6,  7.  Adults,  South  America. 

8,  9,  10.  H.  melanoleuca?  South  America. 

12.  Petrochelidon  murina,  Cassin.  Proc.  Acad.  Phil.  June ,  1853. 

1.  Adult,  Ecuador.  Presented  by  Edward  Wilson,  Esq. 

13.  Petrochelidon  tibialis,  Cassin.  Proc.  Acad.  Phil.  June,  1853. 

1.  Adult,  South  America,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

2.  Young?  Brazil,  from  the  same. 

4.  Genus  CHELIDON,  Boie.  Isis,  1822,  p.  550. 

1.  Chelidon  urbica,  (Linn.)  Gould ,  B.  of  Eur.  ii.  pi.  57.  Selby, 

111.  pi.  42,  fig.  2. 

Hirundo  urbica,  Dinn.  Syst.  Nat.  i.  p.  344. 

Hirundo  lagopoda,  Pallas.  Zong .  i.  p.  532. 

Chelidon  rupestris  et  fenestrarum,  Brehm.  Vog.  Dents,  i.  p.  140. 

1,  2.  Adults,  Europe,  frem  the  Rivoli  collection. 

5.  Genus  ATTICORA,  Boie.  Isis,  1849,  p.  172. 

1.  Atticora  leucosternon,  (Gould.)  B.  of  Aust.  ii.  pi.  12. 

Hirundo  leucosternus,  Gould.  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Bond.  1840,  p.  172. 
1.  Adult  male,  Swan  River,  Australia. 

2,  3,  4.  Adult  males,  Australia,  from  Mr.  Gould’s  collection. 

5.  Adult  female,  Australia,  from  the  same. 

2.  Atticora  holomelas,  (Sund.)  Proc.  Acad.  Phil.  v.  pi.  12,  fig.  2. 

Hirundo  holomelas,  Sundeval.  Ofversigt  Kongl.  Alcad.  (April, 
1850.) 

Atticora  hamigera,  Cassin.  Proc.  Acad.  Phil.v.  p.  57,  (June,  1850.) 
Psalidoproene  cypselina,  Cabanis.  Cat.  Heine ,  p.  48,  (1852.) 

1.  Adult,  Port  Natal. 

2.  Adult  female,  Cape  of  Good  Hope. 

3,  4.  Adults,  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

3.  Atticora  melbina,  Verreaux.  Rev.  et  Mag.  de  Zool.  1851,  p.  310, 

(Paris.) 

1.  Adult,  Gaboon,  Africa,  from  Mr.  Yerreaux’  collection. 


4.  Atticora  fasciata,  (Gm.)  Swains.  Zool.  111.  i.  pi.  IT. 

Hirundo  fasciata,  Gm.  Syst.  Nat.  i.  p.  1022.  PI.  enl.  724,  fig.  2. 
1,  2,  3.  Adults,  South  America,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

1.  Adult,  Cayenne. 

II.  Subfamily  CYPSELINJS. 

1.  Genus  CYPSELUS,  Illiger.  Prod.  p.  229,  (1811.) 

1.  Cypselus  melba,  (Linn.)  Gould,  B.  of  Eur.  ii.  pi.  53. 

Hirundo  Melba,  Linn.  Syst.  Nat.  i.  p.  345. 

Hirundo  alpina,  Scop.  Annus,  i.  p.  166. 

Hirundo  gularis,  Steph.  Gen.  Zool.  x.  p.  99  ? 

Cypselus  gutturalis,  Vieill.  Nouv.  Diet.  xix.  p.  422  ? 

1,  2.  Adults,  Europe,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

3.  Younger,  Europe,  from  the  same. 

4.  Adult,  India,  from  Capt.  Boys’  collection. 

2.  Cypselus  ^equatorialis,  Muller.  Naumannia,  pt.  4,  p.  27,  (1851.) 

“  Cypselus  fuliginosus,  Verr.  MSS.”  Label  on  Spec,  in  Acad.  coll. 
1.  Adult,  Abyssinia,  from  Mr.  Verreaux’  collection. 

3.  Cypselus  apus,  (Linn.)  Gould ,  B.  of  Eur.  ii.  pi.  53.  Selby's  III. 

pl..j4/ ,  fig.  4. 

Hirundo  apus,  Linn.  Syst.  Nat.  i.  p.  344. 

Cypselus  vulgaris,  Steph.  Gen.  Zool .  x.  p.  72. 

Cypselus  murarius,  Temm.  Man.  i.  p.  434. 

1.  Adult,  France.  Presented  by  R.  Harlan,  M.  D. 

2.  Adult,  France,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

3.  Adult  male,  Cape  of  Good  Hope. 

4.  Adult  female,  Cape  of  Good  Hope. 

4.  Cypselus  gaffer,  Licht.  Verz.  p.  58,  (1823.)  Temm.  PI.  col. 

460,  fig.  1. 

Cypselus  pygargus,  Temm.  PI.  col.  iv.  p.  (Liv.  77,  about  1828.) 
“Cypselus  leucothea,  Smith?”  Label  on  Spec. from  Paris. 

1,  2.  Adults,  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

3.  Adult,  Cape  of  Good  Hope. 

5.  Cypselus  affinis,  Gray.  111.  hid.  Zool.  pi.  35,  fig.  2. 

Cypselus  nipalensis,  Hodg.  Jour.  Ac.  Soc.  Bengal,  1836,  p.  780. 
“Cypselus  montanus,  Jerdon.”  Gray.  Gen.  App.  p.  4. 

1.  Adult,  India,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

2.  Adult,  India,  from  Capt.  Boys’  collection. 

3,  4.  Adults,  Africa  ? 

6.  Cypselus  leucopygialis,  Cassin.  Proc.  Acad.  Phil.  v.  p.  58,  pi. 

13,  fig.  1. 

1.  Adult,  Sumatra. 

7.  Cypselus  unicolor,  Jard.  Journ.  Nat.  and  Geog.  Science,  Edin¬ 

burg,  i.  p.  242.  Jard.  and  Selby  111.  ii.  pi.  83. 

1,2.  Adults,  Madagascar  ?  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 


8.  Cypselus  ambrosiacus,  (Gm.)  Temm .  PI.  Col.  460,  fig.  2. 

Hirundo  ambrosiaca,  Gm.  Syst.  Nat.  i.  p.  1021. 

“Hirundo  americana,  Lath,  nec  Wils.  fide  Temm.”  Streubely  Isis, 
1848,  p.  356. 

1,  2.  Adults,  Fazogloa,  Eastern  Africa,  from  the  Rivoli  col¬ 
lection. 

9.  Cypselus  balassiensis,  Gray.  Griff.  Cuv.  vii.  p.  60,  (1829.) 

Cypselus  palmarum,  Gray.  111.  lnd.  Zool.  pi.  35  fig.  1,  (1832.) 

1.  Adult,  India,  from  Capt.  Boys’  collection. 

10.  Cypselus  parvus,  Licht.  Verz.  p.  58  ? 

1.  Adult,  Western  Africa,  from  Mr.  Cassin’s  collection. 

2.  Adult,  Congo  river.  Presented  by  A.  A.  Henderson, 

M.  D.,  U.  S.  Navy. 

3.  Younger?  Madagascar,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

11.  Cypselus  australis,  Gould.  B.  of  Amt.  ii.  pi.  11. 

Cypselus  vittatus,  Jard.  and  Selby.  111.  Orn.  n.  s.  pi.  39  ? 
Hirundo  pacifica,  Lath.  Ind.  Orn.  Supp.  p.  58  ? 

1.  Adult  male,  Australia,  from  Mr.  Gould’s  collection. 

2.  Adult  female,  Australia,  from  the  same. 

12.  Cypselus  cayennensis,  (Gm.)  Bvff.  PI.  Enl.  725,  fig.  2. 
Hirundo  cayennensis,  Gm.  Syst .  Nat.  i.  p.  1024. 

1.  Adult,  Brazil,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

2.  Adult,  Brazil. 

13.  Cypselus  squamatus,  Cassin.  Proc.  Acad.  Philada.  June,  1853. 

1.  Adult,  Guiana.  Presented  by  H.  G.  Dalton,  M.  D. 

2.  Adult,  Cayenne. 

3.  Younger,  South  America. 


2.  Genus  ACANTHYLIS,  Boie.  Isis,  1826,  p.  971. 

1.  Acanthylis  pelasgia,  (Linn.)  Wilson ,  Am.  Orn.  pi.  39,  fig.  1. 

Hirundo  pelasgia,  Linn.  Syst.  Nat.  i.  p.  345. 

Hirundo  cerdo,  Bartram.  Trav.  p.  292,  (1791.) 

“  Cypselus  acutus,  Temm.  Mus.  Lugd.”  Bonap.  Cons.  Av.  p.  64, 
(PI.  col.  vi.  p.  78.) 

1.  Adult  male,  Philadelphia.  Presented  by  J.  K.  Town" 

send,  M.  D. 

2.  Adult  female,  Carlisle,  Penna.  Presented  by  Prof.  S.  F. 

Baird. 

3.  Adult,  North  America,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

2.  Acanthylis  Vauxii,  (Townsend.) 

Cypselus  Vauxii,  Townsend.  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Philada. 
viii.  p.  148,  (1839.) 

1.  Adult,  Oregon,  from  Dr.  Townsend’s  collection. 


3.  Acanthylis  brunneitorques,  (Lafres.) 

Chaetura  brunneitorques,  Lafresnaye.  Rev.  Zool.  1844,  p.  81. 
Chaetura  ruficollis,  Johnson.  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  viii.  p. 
351,  (184  )? 

Ilirundo  Robiui.  Less.  Traiti  i.  p.  270  ?  (1831.) 

1.  Adult,  Columbia.  Presented  by  Edward  Wilson,  Esq. 

1.  Adult,  Columbia,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

4.  Acanthylis  spinicauda,  (Temm.)  PI.  Enl.  726,  fig.  1. 

Cypselus  spinicaudus,  Tern.  Pl.  Col.  vi.  p.  78. 

1.  Adult  male,  Cayenne. 

2.  Adult  female,  Cayenne. 

3.  Young  female,  Cayenne, 

4,  5.  Adults,  Cayenne,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

6.  This  species?  Guiana.  Presented  by  Henry  G.  Dal¬ 
ton,  M.  D. 

5.  Acanthylis  cinereocauda,  Cassin.  Proc.  Acad.  Philada.  y.  p. 

58,  pl.  13,  fig.  2,  (1850.) 

Ilirundo  poliourus,  Temm.  Pl.  Col.  vi.  p.  78.  Pl.  Enl.  126,  fig.  2  ? 

1.  Adult,  South  America,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

2.  Adult,  South  America. 

6.  Acanthylis  coracinus,  (Bonap.) 

11  Cypselus  coracinus,  Mull.  Mus.  Lugd.”  Bonap.  Consp.  Av.  p.  64. 

1.  Adult  male,  Sumatra. 

2.  Adult  female,  Sumatra. 

7.  Acanthylis  nudipes,  (Hodg.)  De  Lessert ,  Voy .  India,  Ois.  pl.  9. 

Chaetura  nudipes,  Hodgson.  Journ.  As.  Soc.  Bengal,  1836,  p.  779. 
Cypselus  leuconotus,  De  Lessert.  Guerin's  Mag.  1840  p.  pl.  20. 
1.  Adult,  India,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

8.  Acanthylis  caudacuta,  (Lath.)  Gould ,  B.  of  Aust.  ii.  pl.  10. 

Ilirundo  caudacuta,  Lath.  Ind.  Orn.  Supp.  p.  57. 

Ilirundo  fusc-a,  Steph.  Gen.  Zool.  x.  p.  133? 

Chaetura  australis,  Steph.  Gen.  Zool.  xiii.  p.  76. 

Chaetura  macroptera,  Swains.  Zool.  III.  n.  s.  pl.  42. 

1,2.  Adults,  Australia,  from  Mr.  Gould’s  collection. 

3.  Adult  female,  Australia. 

9.  Acanthylis  zonaris,  (Shaw.)  Temm.  Pl.  Col.  195. 

Hirundo  zonaris,  Shaw.  Cim.  Phys.  pl.  55,  (1796.) 

Hirundo  albicollis,  Viei.ll.  Nouv.  Diet.  xiv.  p.  524,  (1817.) 
Ilirundo  collaris,  De  Wied.  Reise  Bras.  i.  p.  75. 
u  Cypselus  torquatus,  Lie-lit.”  Bonap.  Consp.  Av.  p.  64. 

Cypselus  senex,  Temm.  Pl.  Col.  397  ? 

1,  2.  Adults,  Brazil,  from  the  Rivoli  collection* 

3.  Adult  male,  Brazil. 

4.  Adult  female,  Brazil. 


III.  Subfamily  PR0GNIN2E. 
t.  Genus  PROGNE,  Boie.  Isis,  1826,  p.  971. 

1.  Progne  purpurea,  (Linn.)  And.  B.  of  Am.  pi.  22. 

Hirundo  purpurea  et  subis,  Linn.  Syst.  Nat.  i.  p.  344. 

Hirundo  violacea,  Gm.  Syst.  Nat.  i.  p.  1026. 

Hirundo  cserulea,  Vieill.  Ois.  d' Am.  Sept.  i.  p.  57,  pi.  26,  27. 
Hirundo  versicolor,  Vieill.  Nouv.  Diet.  xiv.  p.  509. 

Hirundo  ludoviciana,  Cnv.  Reg.  An.  i.  p.  374,  (1817.) 

1.  Adult  male,  Philadelphia.  Presented  by  Thos.  Mc- 

Euen,  M.  D. 

2.  Adult  female,  Washington.  Presented  by  J.  K.  Town¬ 

send,  M.  D. 

3.  Young  male,  Washington.  Presented  by  the  same. 

4.  Adult  male,  North  America,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

5.  Adult  male,  S  >uth  America,  from  the  same. 

C.  Young  male,  South  America,  from  the  same. 

2.  Progne  dominicensis,  (Gm.)  Vieill.  Ois.  d’Am.  Sept.  pi.  28,  29. 

Hirundo  dominieensis,  Gm  Syst .  Nat.  i.  p.  1025. 

Hirundo  albiventris,  Vieill.  Nouv.  Diet.  xiv.  p.  533. 

Hirundo  domestica,  Vieill.  Nouv.  Diet.  xiv.  p.  520. 

1.  Adult,  St.  i  Domingo,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

2.  Adult,  Brazil,  from  the  same. 

3.  Adult,  Cayenne,  from  the  same. 

4.  Younger,  Cayenne,  from  the  same. 

5,  6,  7,  South  America,  from  the  same. 

8.  Nearly  adult,  Surinam.  Presented  by  C.  Hering,  M.  D. 

3.  Progne  chalybea,  (Gm.)  Buff.  PI.  Enl.  545,  fg.  2. 

Hirundo  chalybea,  Gm.  Syst.  Nat.  i.  p.  1026. 

1.  Adult  male,  Panama,  from  Mr.  Bell’s  collection. 

2,  3.  Adult  females,  Panama,  from  the  same. 

4.  Progne  fusca,  (Vieill.) 

Ilirundo  fusca,  Vieill.  Nouv.  Diet.  xiv.  p.  510. 

1 .  Adult  ?  Brazil. 

2,  3,  4.  Adults?  South  America,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

5.  Progne  tapera,  (Linn.) 

Hirundo  tapera,  Linn.  Syst.  Nat.  i.  p.  345. 

Hirundo  pascuum,  De  Wied.  Beitr.  iii.  p.  360. 

1.  Adult  ?  Bolivia. 

2,  3.  Adults?  South  America,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

6.  Progne  borbonica,  (Gm.)  Buff.  PI.  Enl.  544,  fig.  2. 

Hirundo  borbonica,  Gm.  Syst.  Nat.  i.  p.  1017. 

1.  ‘Adult  male,  Madagascar,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

2.  Female?  Madagascar,  from  the  same. 


IV.  Subfamily  C0TYL1N JE. 

1.  Genus  COTYLE,  Boie.  Isis,  1822,  p.  350. 

1.  Cotyle  riparia,  (Linn.)  Gould ,  B.  of  Fur.  ii.  pi.  58.  Aud.  B.  of 

Am.  pi.  385. 

Hirundo  riparia,  Linn.  Syst.  Nat.  i.  p.  344. 

“  Hirundo  cinerea,  Lath.”  Vieill.  Nouv.  Diet.  xiv.  p.  526. 

Cotyle  fluviatilis  et  microrhynchos,  Brehm.  Vog.  Dents,  i.  p. 
142,  143. 

Cotyle  minor,  Cabanis.  Cat.  Heine's  Coll.  p.  49  ? 

1,  2.  Adults,  Europe,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

3.  Adults,  France.  Presented  by  A.  L.  Heercrann,  M.  D. 

4.  Adults,  New  Jersey,  from  Mr.  Krider’s  collection. 

5.  Adults,  New  Jersey,  from  the  same. 
t>.  Adults,  Pennsylvania. 

7.  C.  minor,  Cab.  ?  Abyssinia,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

2.  Cotyle  serripennis,  (Aud.)  B.  of  Amer.  pi.  385. 

Hirundo  serripennis,  Audubon.  Orn.  Biog.  iv.  p.  593. 

1.  Adult  male,  Pennsylvania.  Presented  by  J.  K.  Town¬ 

send,  M.  D. 

2.  Adult  male,  Carlisle,  Pcnna.  Presented  by  Prof.  S.  F. 

Baird. 

3.  Adult  female,  Carlisle,  Penna.  Presented  by  the  same. 

3.  Cotyle  palustris,  (Steph.)  Le  Vaill.  Ois.  d'Af.  pi.  246,  f.  2. 

Hirundo  palustris,  Stephens.  Gen.  Zool.  x.  p.  1 01,  (1817.) 
Hirundo  paludicola,  Vieill.  Nouv.  Diet.  xiv.  p.  511,  (1817.) 

“  Cotyle  bita,  Mus.  Par.”  Boie.  Isis ,  1844,  p.  170  ? 

Cotyle  paludibula,  Rupp.  Syst.  Uebers.  p.  22. 

1,  2,  3.  Adults,  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

4.  Younger,  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  from  the  same. 

5.  Adult,  Africa,  from  the  same. 

4.  Cotyle  flavigastra,  (Vieill.)  PL  col.  161,  fig.  2. 

Hirundo  flavigastra,  Vieill.  Nouv.  Diet.  xiv.  p.  534,  (1817.) 
Hirundo  hortensis,  Liclit.  Verz.  p.  57,  (1823.) 

Hirundo  jugularis,  De  Wied.  Beitr.  iii.  p.  3G5. 

1.  Adult,  Surinam.  Presented  by  C.  Hering,  M.  D. 

2,  3,  4.  Adults,  Brazil,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

5.  Cotyle  ruficollis,  (Vieill.) 

Hirundo  ruficollis,  Vieill.  Nouv.  Diet.  xiv.  p.  523. 

1.  Adult  ?  South  America. 

6.  Cotyle  fucata,  (Temm.)  PI.  col.  161,  fig.  1. 

H  i  undo  fucata,  Temm.  PL  col.,  iv.  (liv.  27.) 

Hirundo  phenicephala,  Rafinesque.  Annals  of  Nature,  1820,  p.  4? 
1,  2.  Adults,  South  America,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 


7.  Cotyle  rupestris,  (Scop.)  Gould,  B.  of  Eur.  ii.  pi.  56. 

Hirundo  rupestris,  Scopoli.  Ann.  i.  p.  167. 

Hirundo  montana,  Gm.  Syst.  Nat.  i.  p.  1020.. 

Hirundo  rupicola,  Hodgs.  Jour.  As.  Soc.  Bengal ,  1836,  p.  781. 
Hirundo  inornata,  Jerdon.  Madras  Jour.  1841,  p.  201. 

1,  2.  Adults,  France,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

3.  Adult,  India,  from  Capt.  Boys’  collection. 

$.  Cotyle  fultgula,  (Licht.)  Le  Vaill.  Ois.  d'Jlf  pi.  246,  fig.  1. 
Hirundo  fuligula,  Licht.  Forst.  Besc.  An.  p.  55; 

“  Hirundo  rupestris.’’  Temm.  Man.  p.  431. 

“Hirundo  fulva,  Mus.  Lugd.”  Bonap.  Cons.  Av.  p.  342. 

“  Hirundo  torquata,  Gm.’’  Boie.  Isis,  1828,  p.  316. 

Hirundo  rufogularis,  Catalogue  of  the  Rivoli  collection,  p.  18. 

1.  Adult,  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  fr  >m  the  Rivoli  collection. 

2.  This  species?  Angola.  Presented  by  A.  A.  Henderson, 

M.  D.,  U.  S.  Navy. 

0.  Cotyle  cincta,  (Bodd.)  Buff.  PI.  Enl.  723,  fisr.  1. 

Hirundo  cincta,  Bodd.  Tabl.  dez  PI.  Enl.  d'Aub.  p.  45. 

Hirundo  torquata,  Gm.  Syst.  Nat.  i.  p.  1022. 

1.  Adult,  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

10.  Cotyle  concolor,  (Sykes.) 

Hirundo  concolor,  Sykes.  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  London ,  1832,  p.  83. 
1.  Adult,  India,  from  Capt.  Boys’  collection. 

11.  Cotyle  sinensis,  (Gray.) 

Hirundo  sinensis,  Gray.  III.  Ind.  Zool.  pi.  35,  fig.  3,  (not  Gm .) 
Hirundo  brevicaudata,  McGlell.  and  Ilorsf.  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lon¬ 
don ,  1839,  p.  15b. 

Hirundo  subsoccata  et  minuta,  Hodgs.  Gray ,  Zool.  Mis.  p.  82 ,fide 
Gray ,  Cat.  Brit.  Mus.  Fissirostres ,  p.  30. 

Adult,  India,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

2.  Genus  COLLOCAL1A,  G.  R.  Gray.  List  Gen.  of  Birds,  p.  8,  (1840.) 

1.  Collocalia  esculenta,  (Linn.) 

Hirundo  esculenta,  Linn.  Syst.  Nat.  i.  p.  343. 

Hemiprocne  salangana,  Streuhcl.  Isis ,  1848,  p.  368  ? 

1,  2.  Adults,  Timor,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

3.  Adults,  Philippines?  from  the  same. 

4.  Adult,  Timor. 

2.  Collocalia  fucipiiacia,  (Thunb.)  Lath.  Gen.  Sun.  Supp.  ii. 

pi.  135. 

Hirundo  fuciphaga,  Thunburg.  Acta  Holm,  xxxiii.  p.  151. 
“Hirundo  esculenta,  Linn.”  Lath.  hid.  Orn.  ii.  p.  580. 

“  Hirundo  nidifica,  Lath.”  Bonap.  Cons.  Av.  p.  343. 

Hemiprocne  fucivora,  Streubcl.  Isis,  1848,  p.  369. 

1.  Adult,  Java,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

2.  Adult,  Sumatra,  from  the  same. 

3,  4.  Adults,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 


S.  COLLOCALIA  FRANCICA,  (Gm.) 

Hirundo  franeica,  Gm.  Syst.  Nat.  i.  p.  1017. 

Macropteryx  spodiopygius,  Peale.  Voy  Vincennes ,  Birds,  p.  176. 
1,  2.  Adults,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

4.  COLLOCALIA  CINEREA,  (Gm.) 

Hirundo  cinerea,  Gm.  Syst.  Nat.  i.  p.  1026. 

Macropteryx  leucophaeus,  Peale.  Voy.  Vincennes ,  Birds,  p.  178. 

1.  Adult,  Tahiti,  from  Dr.  Towusend’s  collection. 

2.  Adult.  Marquesas  Islands,  from  Dr.  Gambel’s  collection. 


V.  Subfamily  MACROPTERIN jE. 

1.  Genus  MACROPTERYX,  Swainson.  Zool.  Ill.  ii.  p.  (1832.) 

1.  Macropteryx  mystaceus,  (Lesson.)  Voyage  de  la  Coquille ,  Ois. 

pi.  22. 

Cypselus  mystaceus,  Lesson.  Voy.  Cog.  i.  p.  647. 

1.  Adult  male,  New  Guinea. 

2.  Adult  female,  New  Guinea. 

3.  YouDg,  Celebes? 

2.  Macropteryx  comatus,  (Temm.)  PI.  col.  268. 

Cypselus  comatus,  Temm.  PL  col.  iv.  (liv.  45.) 

1.  Adult,  Sumatra,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

2.  Adult,  Timor,  from  the  same. 

3.  Adult  male,  Celebes. 

3.  Macropteryx  klecho,  (Horsf.)  Temm.  PL  col.  83,  fig.  1. 

Hirundo  Klecho,  Horsf.  Linn.  Trans.  London ,  xiii.  p.  143,  (1820.) 
Cypselus  longipennis,  Temm.  Pl.  col.  iv.  (liv.  14.) 

1.  Male,  Java,  from  the  Rivoli  collection. 

2.  Female,  Java,  from  the  same. 

3.  Male,  Java. 

4.  Young,  Sumatra. 

4.  Macropteryx  coronatus,  (Tickell.) 

Hirundo  coronata,  Tick.  Jour.  As.  Soc.  Benga1,  ii.  p.  580,  (1833.) 
Dendrochelidon  velatus,  Less.  Echo  du  mon  le  Savant,  1844, 
p.  1190. 

1 .  Adult  male,  India,  from  Capt.  Boys’  collection. 


1 


. 


■ 


1. 


DONATIONS  TO  MUSEUM, 

In  Jan.  and  Feb.,  1852. 

January  §th. 

A  small  collection  of  Fishes,  Insects,  &c.,  from  the  West  Coast  of,  Africa. 
Presented  by  Dr.  Henderson,  U.  S.  N. 

Vespertilio  noveboracencis,  from  N.  Carolina.  From  Mr.  John  Cassin. 

Pteropus  Leachii,  West  Coast  of  Africa,  and  Scarabaeus - ,  from  do.  From 

Dr.  Isaac  Hays. 

Noctilio  leporinus  Lin.  from  Nicaragua.  From  Dr.  T.  B.  Wilson. 

Fossil  Spatangus,  from  Georgia.  From  Dr.  Ruschenberger. 

Fruit  of  the  Doum  Palm,  from  Thebes.  From  Dr.  Sharpless. 

Specimens  from  which  have  have  been  characterised  the  following  by  Dr. 
Le  Conte,  viz  :  Dicotyles  depressifrons,  D.  cristatus,  Procyon  priscus,  Protochce- 
rus  prismaticus  ;  from  Clinton  Co.,  Missouri.  Presented  by  Dr.  J.  L.  Le  Conte. 

Anomodon  Snyderi  Le  Conte ,  from  Galena,  Illinois,  and  Galeodes - ,  from 

Guatemala.  From  the  same. 

Bicarbonate  of  Ammonia,  in  masses;  from  Patagonia.  From  Dr.  Burtt, 
U.  S.  N. 

Fossil  Gnathodon,  from  the  Desert  of  the  Colorado.  From  Dr.  Le  Conte. 

January  13  th. 

Phosphate  of  Lime,  from  Sussex  Co.,  New  Jersey,  and  a  specimen  of  Adi- 
pocire.  From  J.  Price  Wetherill,  Esq. 

Skin  of  Ursus  Americanus,  (American  Black  Bear).  From  Dr.  D.  Leasure, 
of  Lawrence  Co.,  Penn. 

Antlers  of  Cervus  virginianus.  From  John  Cuttle,  Esq.,  of  Clearfield  Co., 
Pennsylvania. 

February  3d. 

Skin,  and  entire  skeleton  of  Hippopotamus  Liberiensis,  Morton ,  from  the 
River  St.  Paul’s,  West  Africa.  Presented  by  Dr.  T.  B.  Wilson. 

Very  beautiful  and  perfect  specimen  of  Troglodytes  gorilla,  Savage ,  and  a 
specimen  of  the  hair  of  the  same,  several  Serpents,  Lizards  and  Insects ;  from 
the  Gaboon  River,  Western  Africa.  From  Dr.  Henry  A.  Ford  of  Glasstown, 
W.  Africa. 

Fossil  Zoophyte.  From  Mrs.  Dr.  Morton. 

A  collection  of  Fossils  and  recent  Shells.  From  Dr.  Caspar  Wister. 

February  10  th. 

A  collection  of  Shells,  Sharks’  Teeth,  Coprolites,  a  fragment  of  bone  from 
the  Reg  Crag,  Suffolk,  England,  and  specimens  of  Corundum,  from  Hindostan. 
From  Mr.  Thomas  Fisher. 

Several  specimens  of  Clinochlore,  from  Chester  Co.,  Penn.  From  Dr.  W. 
D.  Hartman,  of  Westchester. 

Tooth  of  Ptychodus,  and  two  do.  of  Lanma  elegans,  from  the  Cretaceous  of 
Alabama.  Presented  by  Mr.  Joseph  Jones. 

Twelve  specimens  of  Coal  Fossils,  Carbonate  of  Iron  with  Blende,  Carbonate 
of  Iron  with  Quartz  ;  from  the  vicinity  of  Blairsville,  Penn.  From  Edward 
Miller,  Esq. 

Acicular  Sulphate  of  Barytes,  a  very  beautiful  specimen,  from  Perkiomen, 
Penn.  From  R.  P.  Remington,  Esq. 

February  19  th. 

Nidus  of  Natica  heros,  from  New  Jersey.  From  Mr.  Isaac  Lea. 

A  collection  of  Coleoptera  and  Lepidoptera  from  the  vicinity  of  Westchester, 
Pa.  From  Dr.  W.  D.  Hartman,  of  Westchester. 

Numerous  specimens  of  Ampullaria  Cornu  Arietis.  From  Mr.  John  Krider. 

Cranium  phrenologically  marked,  according  to  Dr.  Spurzheim.  From  Dr. 
Ruschenberger. 


11. 


DONATIONS  TO  LIBRARY, 

In  Jan.  and  Feb.,  1852. 

January  6tk. 

Elementi  di  Fisica  generate  e  sperimentale  ad  uso  delle  Regie  Scuole  di  Filo- 
sofia  di  G.  D.  Botto,  4th  ed.  8vo.  From  the  Author. 

Pennsylvania  Farm  Journal.  Edited  by  S.  S.  Haldeman.  No.  10,  Jan.  1852. 
From  the  Editor. 

Catechismo  Agrologico  ossia  principii  di  Scienzia  applicata  alP  Agricoltura. 
Di  G.  D.  Botto.  From  the  Author. 

American  Journal  of  Science  and  Arts,  Jan.  1852.  From  the  Editors. 

Quarterly  Journal  of  the  Geological  Society  of  London,  vol.  7,  No.  28.  From 
the  Society. 

Proceedings  of  the  Boston  Soc.  of  Natural  History,  vol.  9,  pp.  81 — 96.  From 
the  Society. 

On  the  progress  of  recent  Science ;  an  introductory  lecture  by  J.  K.  Mitchell, 
M.D.,  Nov.  13,  1851.  From  the  Author. 

The  following  were  presented  by  Dr.  Wilson  on  the  usual  condition : 

Revue  et  Magazin  de  Zoologie,  1851,  No.  10. 

Archiv  fur  Naturgeschichte,  von  Dr.  F.  H.  Troschel,  1850, No.  5, 1851 ,  Nos.  2, 3. 

Annales  des  Sciences  Naturelles,  3me  serie.  Zoologie,  Tome  13,  Nos.  1 — 6; 
Tome  14,  Nos.  1 — 6. 

Species  generales  et  iconographie  des  Coquilles  vivants.  Par.  L.  C.  Kiener. 
Liv.  135. 

London  Athenaeum  for  Nov.  1851. 

Comptes  rendus.  Tome  33,  Nos.  19,  20. 

Zeitschrift  fur  Malakozoologie  :  von  Menke  und  Pfeiffer,  1850  No.  7. 

Systemes  de  diverses  classes  d’animaux,  tome  lme,  3me.  partie ;  Systeme  des 
Annelides,  par  Jules-Caesar  Savigny. 

The  following  were  presented  by  Mr.  Edward  Wilson  on  the  usual  condition  : 

Histoire  de  la  Louisiane.  Par  M.  Le  Page  du  Pratz.  3  vols.  12mo. 

J.  G.  D.  Richter’s  Ichthyotheologie,  12mo. 

Nouveau  Traite  des  Serins  de  Canarie.  Par  M.  J.  C.  Hervieux  de  Chante- 
loup.  Nouv.  ed.  12mo. 

Amusemens  des  dames  dans  les  Oiseaux  de  Voliere.  Par  M.  Buchoz,  12mo. 

Le  Pecheur  Frangais.  Par  Kresz  aine,  12mo. 

Sur  la  formation  du  Cceur  dans  le  Poulet.  Par  M.  de  Haller.  2  vols.  12mo. 

Naturhistorische  Reise  durch  einen  Theil  Schwedens.  Yon  Dr.F.  Weber  und 
Dr.  M.  H.  Mohr.  12mo. 

Pisciceptologie :  ou  Part  de  la  Peche  alaligne.  Par  L.  C***.  3me.  ed.  12mo. 

Pinax  Rerum  Naturalium  Britannicarum.  Authore  Christ.  Merrett,  12mo. 

Traite  de  la  Sangsue  Medicinale.  Par  Louis  Vitet,  8vo. 

An  account  of  some  German  Volcanoes,  &c.  By  R.  E.  Raspe,  8vo. 

Natural  History  of  Nevis  and  the  rest  of  the  English  Leeward  Charibee 
Islands  in  America.  By  the  Rev.  Mr.  Smith,  8vo. 

Philosophie  Physiologique,  &c.  8vo.  Par  M.  de  Buzareingues. 

Rapports  generaux  des  Travaux  de  la  Societe  Philomathique  de  Paris,  1788 — 
92,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Traite  elementaire  de  Geologie.  ParM.  Rozet,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Ignatii  a  Born  Index  Rerum  Naturalium  Musei  Caesari  Yindebonensis,  8vo. 

Ancient  Sea-Margins.  By  Robert  Chambers,  Esq.,  8vo. 

An  Essay  towards  a  History  of  Hexham,  in  three  parts.  By  A.  B.  Wright,  8vo. 

Monographia  Chalciditum.  By  Francis  Walker,  8vo. 

Essai  de  Zoologie.  Par  B.  Faujas  St.  Fond,  3  vols.  8vo. 

Physico-Theology.  By  the  Rev.  Wm.  Derham,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Observations,  experiences  ft  memoires  sur  l’Agriculture,  &c.  Par  M.  Va- 
renne  de  Fenille,  8vo. 

Nouveau  voyage  aux  lies  de  l’Amerique,  6  vols.  12mo.  (Labat). 

Linnaea  Entomologica,  vol.  5,  8vo. 


111. 


Histoire  naturelle  et  medicale  des  Sangsues.  Par  J.  L.  Derheims,  8vo. 

La  Palingenesie  philosophique.  Par  C.  Bonnet,  2  vols.  8vo. 

A  Companion  to  the  Liverpool  Museum.  By  William  Bullock,  5th  ed.  8vo. 

Considerations  sur  l’etablissement  d’une  nouvelle  Voliere  au  Jardin  du  Roi. 
Par  A.  Declemy,  8vo. 

Tables  nosologiques  et  meteorologiques  tres  etendues.  Par  M.  Razoux,  8vo. 

Companion  to  the  Botanical  Magazine.  By  W.  J.  Hooker,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Transactions  of  the  Plymouth  Institution,  1830. 

Dissertatio  inaug.  sistens  historiam  metamorphoseos  quas  ovum  incubatum 
prioribus  quinque  diebus  subit.  Auctore  Ch.  Pander,  M.  D.,  8vo. 

Francisci  L.  A.  W.  Sorg.  Disquisitiones  physiologicae  circa  respirationem 
insectorum  et  vermium,  8vo. 

Storia  naturale  di  un  nuovo  insetto  di  Ranieri  Gerbi,  8vo. 

Scientific  Memoirs.  Edited  by  Richard  Taylor,  Esq.,  3  vols.  8vo.  and  vol.  4, 
pts.  1  to  7. 

Memorie  sopra  il  Lago  Naftia  nella  Sicilia  Meridionale,  &c.  Dell’  Abate 
Francesco  Ferrara,  8vo. 

The  Zoologist :  conducted  by  Edw.  Newman,  7  vols.  8vo. 

Disputatio  Med.  inaug.  de  dentium  formatione  et  structura  in  homine  et  in 
variis  animalibus.  Auctore  Robertus  Blake,  8vo. 

The  Royal  Charter  of  the  Royal  Dublin  Society,  and  By-Laws  and  Ordi¬ 
nances,  8vo. 

Juliae  et  Montium  subterranea,  quae  servantur  in  Museo  Francisci  Benth,  8vo. 

An  account  of  some  new  microscopical  discoveries  founded  on  examination  of 
the  Calamary  and  its  wonderful  milt-vessels,  8vo. 

Naturgeschichte  der  Insekten-Deutschlands.  Yon  Dr.  W.  F.  Erichson.  Nos. 

1—6. 

Melanges  historiques,  critiques  de  Physique,  &c.  Par  M.le  Marques  D’Orbes- 
san,  3  vols.  8vo. 

Observations  periodiques  sur  la  Physique,  l’histoire  naturelle,  et  les  Arts. 
Par  MM.  Toussaint  et  Gautier,  7  vols.  4to.  and  1  part. 

Memoires  sur  difFerentes  parties  des  Sciences  et  Arts.  Par  M.  Guettard. 

History  and  antiquities  of  Lewes  and  its  vicinity.  By  the  Rev.  T.  Horsfield. 
Outlines  of  Nat.  Hist,  of  the  Environs  of  Lewes.  By  Gideon  Mantell,  (in  one 
vol.  4to.) 

History  and  antiquities  of  Harwich  and  Dovecourt.  By  Samuel  Dale,  4to. 

A  general  view  of  the  writings  of  Linnaeus.  By  Richard  Pulteney,  M.  D., 
2d  ed.  4to. 

The  Sea :  a  conference  between  Aristus  and  Eugenius ;  translated  from  the 
French  of  M.  Bonhours  by  Thomas  Podmore. 

Ichthyologiae  Lipsiensis  specimen.  Auctore  N.  G.  Leske. 

De  Belemnitis  Suecicis.  Auctore  Balthasar  Ehrhart. 

De  respiratione  Sepiae  officinalis  L.  Auctor  Gulielmus  T.  Tilesius. 

De  Vermibus  et  praecipue  de  specie  ilia  Vermium  intestinalium  quam  Tceniam 
vocamus.  Auctor  J.  H.  Jaemisch. 

De  Bysso  Acephalorum.  Ab  August.  Mueller. 

Naturgeschichte  des  Neiderdeutschlandes  und  Anderer  Gegenden  nebst  haiifi- 
gen  neuen  Entdeckungen  und  Beobachtungen,  &c.  Yon  J.  W.  von  Hupsch. 

January  13  th. 

Reports  on  the  geological  relations,  chemical  analysis,  &c.  of  the  Coal  of  the 
Albert  Mining  Co.,  New  Brunswick.  By  Charles  T.  Jackson,  M.  D.  From 
the  Author. 

Dr.  Wilson  presented  the  following,  on  the  usual  condition : 

Transactions  of  the  Botanical  Society  of  Edinburgh,  vol.  4,  part  2. 

The  London,  Dublin  and  Edinburgh  Philosophical  Magazine,  Nov.  1851. 

Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History,  Dec.  1851. 

Philosophical  Transactions,  part  1  for  1851,  4to. 

Illustrations  of  British  Mycology,  2d  series,  part  12.  By  Mrs.  T.  J.  Hussey. 


IV. 


The  genera  of  diurnal  Lepidoptera.  By  E.  Doubleday,  continued  by  J.  0. 
Westwood.  Part  50. 

The  Mammals  of  Australia-  By  John  Gould.  Part  3. 

Illustrations  of  Zoology.  The  Engravings  by  Lowry  and  Landseer,  from 
Drawings  by  Sowerby,  Darley,  Holmes,  &c.,  with  a  systematic  view  of  the 
animal  kingdom  by  Cuvier,  4to. 

Description  anatomique  d’un  Cameleon,  d’un  Castor,  &c.  (Perrault),  4to. 

Ueber  die  Geognostische  Beschaffenheit  der  Liparischen  Inseln.  Von  Leo¬ 
pold  Yon  Buch. 

Akten  der  Urwelt,  oder  Osteologie  der  urweltlichen  Saugethiere  und  Amphi- 
bien.  Yon  Dr.  J.  J.  Kaup. 

The  following  were  presented  by  Mr.  Edward  Wilson,  on  the  usual  condition  : 

Histoire  Naturelle  des  Poissons  du  Department  de  la  Cote  d’Or.  Par  J.  N. 
Vallot,  8vo. 

A  History  of  British  Birds.  By  the  Rev.  T.  0.  Morris,  Nos.  12  and  13. 

The  Naturalist;  conducted  by  Beverly  R.  Morris,  Esq.,  Nos.  3  and  4. 

Erster  und  zweiter  Bericht  der  Oberhessischen  Gesellschaft  fur  Natur-und 
Heilkunde. 

Methodisk  ofversight  af  Idislande  djuren  Linne’s  Pecora :  af  Carl  J.  Sund- 
evall.  Nos.  1  and  2. 

Om  Foglarnes  vingar  :  af  C.  J.  Sundevall. 

Bericht  liber  meine  Privatschule  Buch. 

A  brief  account  of  microscopical  observations  made  in  June,  July  and 
August,  1827,  on  the  particles  contained  in  the  Pollen  of  Plants.  By  Robert 
Brown. 

Sur  le  Parc  aux  Huitres  du  Havre.  Par  MM.  Vauquelin  et  Chaussier. 

Fundamenta  Ornithologica.  Auctore  Dr.  C .  von  Linne. 

Remonstrance  addressed  to  the  Duke  of  Northumberland  upon  the  evils  pro¬ 
duced  by  the  British  Association  of  peripatetic  philosophers.  By  Wm.  Cock- 
burn,  D.  D.,  2d  ed. 

Verzeichniss  der  im  Zoologischen  Museum  der  Universitat  Halle-Wittenberg 
aufgestellten  Saugethiere,  Vogel  und  Amphibien. 

On  the  achromatism  of  the  Eye.  By  the  Rev.  Baden  Powell. 

Observations  for  determining  the  refractive  indices.  By  the  Rev.  B.  Powell. 

Nouvelles  observations  sur  la  conservation  et  la  reproduction  des  Sangsues 
med.  et  offic.  Par  M.  Chattelain. 

Das  Thierreich.  Von  Dr.  Ludwig  F.  Froriep,  5e  Abtheilung.  Classe  der 
Mollusken. 

Catalogus  Conchyliorum  Regni  Neapolitani  quae  usque  adhuc  reperit  A.  Sacchi. 

Deuxieme  Memoire  sur  le  courant  electrique  propre  de  la  Grenouille  et  sur 
celui  des  animaux  a  sang  chaud.  ParM.  Ch.  Matteucci. 

Instructions  pour  les  Voyageurs  et  les  employes  dans  les  Colonies  sur  le 
maniere  de  recueillir,  &c.  les  objets  d’hist.  nat.  4me  ed. 

Sur  deux  nouvelles  especes  de  Crocodile.  Par  M.  L.  Graves. 

Nouvelles  experiences  sur  les  animalcules  spermatiques,  & c.  Par  le  Dr. 

Paulet. 

Recherches  sur  les  Poissons  toxicophores  des  Indes  Occidentales.  Par  Alex. 
Moreau  des  Jonnes. 

Species  et  iconographie  generique  des  Animaux  articules.  Par  M.  Guerin- 
Meneville.  lme  partie.  Insectes  Coleopteres,  9  livs. 

Catalogue  des  Mollusques  terestres  et  fluviatiles  dans  les  Possessions  Fran- 
qaises  du  Nord  de  l’Afrique.  Publie  par  M.  Terver. 

Verhandlungen  der  Naturhistorischen  Vereins  fur  das  Grossherzogthum  Hessen 
und  Umgebung,  Nos.  1,  2. 

Liste  des  Fautes  d’impression  et  de  traduction  de  l’edition  Franqaise  de  la 
description  du  voyage  dans  l’interieur  du  Nord  de  PAmerique,  par  le  Prince 
Max.  de  Wied. 

Elenco  deglP  Uccelli  che  trovansi  nelPIsola  di  Sardegna  od  Ornitologia  Sarda 
di  Gaetano  Cara,  8vo. 

The  New  South  Wales  Magazine,  Nos.  1  to  7. 


V. 


Verhandeling  over  den  Link- worm.  Door***,  M.D. 

Essai  d’une  Lithographie  Mlocin  (J.  Ph.  de  Carosi). 

Ofversigt  af  slagtet  Erinaceus  af  Carl  J.  Sun  de  vail. 

Directions  for  collectors,  (issued  by  the  Zoological  Society). 

The  Ebbing  and  Flowing  of  the  Sea  explained.  By  Samuel  Bennett. 

Reflections  on  Geology.  By  the  Rev.  J.  Mellor  Brown. 

Aper$u  sur  le  Yer  Dragonneau  observe  en  Egypte.  Par  Clot. 

Three  popular  Lectures.  By  John  F.  M.  Dovaston. 

Elements  of  Fossilogy.  By  George  Edwards,  Esq. 

A  Letter  to  the  President  and  Members  of  the  Geological  Society.  By  Mrs. 
Calcott. 

A  treatise  on  the  diseases  and  breeding  of  Camels.  By  J.  A.  Ayton. 

A  few  observations  on  the  natural  history  of  the  Sperm  Whale.  By  Thomas 
Beale. 

An  account  of  a  new  Zoophyte  from  Greenland.  By  Chrystopher  Mylius, 
(translation). 

Hints  respecting  the  motion  produced  by  Magnetism,  &c.  By  William 
Brown,  M.  D. 

De  teretibus  Intestinorum  Lumbricis.  Auctore  Carolus  Hale. 

A  popular  description  and  history  of  the  Giraffe  or  Cameleopard. 

Letter  to  the  Rev.  John  Cumming,  D.  D.,  on  the  subject  of  his  lecture,  “  God 
in  Science. ” 

Memoires  sur  le  rapport  qu’a  l’etendue  des  surfaces  de  la  retine  et  du  nerf 
optique  des  Oiseaux  avec  Penergie  et  lapartee  de  leur  vue.  Par  M.  Desmoulins. 

Delle  Yallee  Vulcanico-marina  di  Ronca  nel  Territorio  Veronese.  Del  Sig. 
Abate  Fortis. 

Memoria  Aug.  Gottlieb  Richter :  commendata  ab  J.  F.  Blumenbach. 

De  lingua  et  osse  hyoideo  Pici  viridis.  Ab  V.  A.  Huber. 

Abstract  of  Reports  from  the  Commissioner  of  the  Southern  Whale  Fishery 
Compaay  to  the  Directors. 

Rapport  sur  M.  Deshayes’  Tableaux  comparatifs  de  Coquilles  vivants  avec  les 
Coquilles  fossiles  des  Terrains  Tertiaires  de  PEurope,  Nov.  1831.  (Baron  Cuvier). 

Sur  le  Commerce  des  Sangsues,  &c.  Par  M.  Souberain. 

Histoire  naturelle  des  Poissons  par  Bloch :  avec  les  caracteres  generiques  par 
Rene-R.  Castel,  10  vols.  12mo. 

Kurze  Beschreibung  versteinerter  Gryphiten,  &c. 

Der  Koenig.  Schwed.  Akad.  der  Wissen.  Abhandlungen,  &c.  Von 
Kastner,  41  vols.  8vo.,  Register  2  vols. 

January  20 th. 

Beschreibung  der  Glyptothek  Sr.  Mag.  Konigs  Ludwigii  von  Bayern, 

From  Dr.  Joseph  Leidy. 

Musee  des  Thermes  et  de  Photel  de  Cluny.  Catalogue  et  description  des 
d’Art,  & c.  From  the  same. 

Synopsis  of  the  contents  of  the  British  Museum,  52d  edition,  12mo. 
the  same. 

Contributions  to  the  Mycology  of  North  America.  By  M.  A.  Curtis, 
the  Author. 

Comptes  rendus.  Tome  33,  Nos.  21,  22,  23. 

Mr.  Edward  Wilson  presented  the  following,  on  the  usual  condition : 

The  Ichnology  of  Annandale.  By  Sir  Wm.  Jardine.  Part  1,  folio. 

Fauna  Boica.  Yon  Franz  von  P.  Schank.  3  vols.  Svo. 

Traite  des  Pierres  precieuses.  Par  C.  Prosper  Brard,  8vo. 

Mollusques  vivants  et  fossiles.  Par  Alcide  D’orbigny,  vol.  1  and  Atlas,  8vo. 

Handbuch  der  Entomologie  von  H.  Burmeister,  vols.  1,  2,  3;  No.  1,  vol.  4; 
Atlas  4to. 

An  inquiry  into  the  changes  induced  on  Atmospheric  Air  by  the  germination 
of  Seeds,  the  vegetation  of  Plants,  and  the  respiration  of  Animals.  By  Daniel 
Ellis,  8vo. 

Fauna  Belgii  Septentrionalis.  Auctore  R.  T.  Maitland.  Part  1,  8vo. 


A.  G. 

12  mo. 
objets 
From 
From 


1 


VI. 


/ 

Elemens  de  Zoologie.  Par,M.  Milne  Edwards,  2d  ed.,  2  vols.  8vo. 

Histoiredes  Insectes.  Par  Emile  Blanchard,  2  vols.  12mo. 

Cours  elementaire  d’histoire  naturelle.  Zoologie,  par  M.  Milne  Edwards ;  Bo- 
tanique  par  A.  de  Jussieu ;  Mineralogie,  Geologie,  par  M.  F.  S.  Beudant,  3  vols. 
12mo. 

Tracts  on  the  nature  of  animals  and  vegetables.  By  L.  Spallanzani,  8vo. 

An  account  of  the  Basalts  of  Saxony.  By  J.  F.  Daubuisson,  8vo. 

The  Philosophy  of  Mineralogy.  By  Robert  Townson,  M.  D.,  8vo. 

Observations  on  Mineralogical  systems.  By  Richard  Chenevix,  Esq.,  8vo. 

An  inquiry  into  the  legislation,  control  and  improvement  of  the  Salmon  aud 
Sea  Fisheries  of  Ireland.  By  H.  F.  Hore,  8vo. 

Bulletin  de  la  Societe  Philomatique  de  Paris,  3  vols.  4to. 

C.  N.  Langii  Historia  Lapidum  figuratorum  Helvetiae  ejusque  viciniae  :  Trac- 
tatus  de  origine  Lap.  fig  :  Appendix  ad  Hist.  Lap.  fig  :  Methodus  novus  et  faci- 
lis  Testacea  marina  pleraque  quae  hue  usque  nobis  nota  sunt  in  suas  classes,  &c. 
distribuendi,  (in  one  vol.  4to.) 

De  Cartilaginibus,  musculis,  nervis  Auri  externae ;  atque  de  nexu  Nervi  Vagi 
et  Nervi  facialis.  Auctore  A.  Hanover,  4to. 

Concordance  Systematique.  Par  J.  N.  Vallot,  M.  D.,  4to. 

Etudes  Zoologiques,  Physiolog.  et  Patholog.  de  l’CEuf  dans  l’espece  humain. 
Par  G.  Breschet,  4to. 

Recherches  sur  les  Echinocoques  chez  l’homme  et  chez  les  animaux.  Par 
Eugene  Livois,  M.  D. 

Bildungsgeschichte  der  Genitalien  aus  anatomischen  Untersuchungen  von  Em- 
bryonen  des  Menscheu  und  der  Thiere.  Von  J.  Muller. 

A  systematic  and  stratigraphic al  Catalogue  of  the  fossil  Fish  in  the  Cabinets 
of  Lord  Cole  and  Sir  Philip  Egerton.  By  Sir  Philip  Egerton. 

Memorias  de  la  Real  Academia  de  Ciencias  de  Madrid.  3d  ser.  vol.  1,  part  1. 

Beitrage  zur  Kenntniss  Wirbelloser  Thiere,  &c.  Von  Dr.  H.  Frey  und  Dr. 
R.  Leuckart. 

Traite  de  Venerie  et  de  Chasses,  lme  partie,  4to. 

De  Ovi  Mammal ium  et  Hominis  generi  Epistolam  ad  Acad.  Imp.  Sci.  Petro- 
poli  dedit  Carolus  Ernestus  a  Baer,  4to. 

N  February  3d. 

Journal  of  the  Academy  of  Nat.  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  2d  series,  vol.  2, 
part  2,  4to.  From  the  Publication  Committee. 

Proceedings  of  the  Boston  Society  of  Natural  History,  vol.  4,  pp.  97 — 128. 
From  the  Society. 

Kongl.  Vetenskaps  Akad.  Handlingar,  1849.  From  the  Academy. 

Ofversigt  af  Kongl.  Vetenskaps  Akad.  Forhandlingar  7de  Aug.  1850.  From 
the  same.  « 

Spectacle  de  la  Nature ;  or  Nature  displayed,  &c.  Translated  from  the  ori¬ 
ginal  French,  by  Mr.  Humphreys,  3  vols.  Svo.  From  Mr.  Isaac  Lea. 

The  following  were  presented  by  Dr.  Wilson,  on  the  usual  condition: 

Journal  of  the  Franklin  Institute,  for  January  1852. 

Revue  et  Magasin  de  Zoologie,  1851,  No.  11. 

London  Athenaeum  foi  December,  1851. 

February  10  th. 

A  pronouncing  Gazeteer.  By  Thomas  Baldwin,  9th  edition  with  a  Supple¬ 
ment,  8vo.  From  Dr.  James  C.  Fisher. 

Contributions  to  the  Natural  History  of  the  Fresh  water  Fishes  of  North 
America.  By  Charles  Girard.  1.  Monograph  of  the  Cottoids.  From  the  Author. 

Proceedings  of  the  Royal  Society  of  Edinburgh,  vol.  3,  Nos.  40,  41,  and 
index  and  title  page  of  vol.  2.  From  the  Society. 

Symbolae  ad  Monographiam  generis  Chrysopae  Leach :  illustratae  a  Gulielmo 
F.  Schneider,  8vo.  From  Dr.  Wilson. 

Oken’s  Naturgeschichte  fur  Schulen,  8vo.  From  Mr.  Lea. 


% 


Vll. 


Felruary  Yith. 

Journal  d’Agriculture  et  Transactions  de  la  Societe  d’Agriculture  du  Bas- 
Canada.  Vol.  5.  No.  J.  From  the  Society. 

Journal  of  the  Indian  Archipelago  and  Eastern  Asia.  Vol.  5.  Nos.  8  and  9. 
From  the  Editors. 

Charleston  Medical  Journal  and  Review  for  Jan.,  1852.  From  the  Editors. 
Report  of  the  Commissioners  appointed  to  superintend  the  completion  of  the 
publication  of  the  Natural  History  of  New  York.  Jan.  13,  1852. 

Hr.  Wilson  presented  the  following,  on  the  usual  condition  : 

Memoirs  of  the  Literary  and  Philosophic  Society  of  Manchester.  2d  series, 
Vol.  9.  8vo. 

Comptes  Rendus.  Tome  33.  Nos.  24,  25,  26. 

Conchologia  iconica.  By  Lovell  Reeve.  No.  103. 

Illustrations  of  British  Mycology.  By  Mrs.  T.  J.  Hussey.  2d  series.  Part  13. 
The  Genera  of  Diurnal  Lepidoptera.  By  E.  Doubleday  :  continued  by  J.  O. 
Westwood.  Part  51. 

Cours  elementaire  de  Paleontologie  et  de  Geologie  Stratigraphiques.  Par 
Alcide  D’Orbigny.  Tome  2d.  Fascic.  1.  12mo.  Atlas,  4to. 

Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History.  2d  series.  No.  49.  Jan.,  1852. 
Journal  of  the  Franklin  Institute.  February,  1852. 

History  of  the  British  Mollusca  and  their  Shells.  By  Prof.  Forbes  and  S. 
Hanley.  Part  43. 


DONATIONS  TO  MUSEUM 
In  March  and  April,  1852. 

March  2d. 

A  collection  of  Coleoptera,  Orthoptera,  Myriapoda,  Scorpions,  &c.,  from  New 
Mexico;  and  a  cranium  of  Coyote,  from  the  same.  Presented  by  Mr.  Richard 
H.  Kern. 

Cranium  of  a  Hindoo,  found  on  the  margin  of  the  Ganges  by  Dr.  C.  B.  Mat¬ 
thews.  Presented  by  Dr.  B.  H.  Coates. 

March  9 th. 

Two  prepared  heads  of  Gentoo  Indians,  from  the  Purus  river,  a  tributary  of 
the  Amazon.  Presented  by  Mr.  Amory  Edwards. 

Eight  specimens  of  Fossilized  Wood,  from - .  From  Dr.  J.  L.  Le  Conte. 

Fragments  of  Rock  with  adhering  Terebratula,  from  New  Zealand.  From 
Mr.  Robert  Pearsall. 

March  16 th.  * 

An  incisor  tooth,  two  molars  and  two  ossa  petrosa  of  Casteroides  Ohioensis, 
from  near  Shawneetown,  Illinois.  From  Dr.  Le  Conte. 

Molar  of  a  fossil  Tapir,  from  North  Carolina;  and  mould  in  plaster,  with 
several  casts  of  the  same.  Presented  by  Dr.  Isaac  Hays. 

March  23 d. 

Fossil  Shells  from  Georgia  and  Alabama  ;  an  Echinus  and  Corals  from  the 
latter;  and  Lignite  from  North  Carolina.  From  Mr.  Jessup. 

Entire  specimen  of  Asaphus  caudatus,  from  Montgomery  Co.,  Pa.  Presented 
by  Dr.  J.  J.  Updegraff. 

Three  Teeth  of  the  Spermaceti  Whale.  From  Mr.  Samuel  Powel. 

Nodule  of  Sulphuret  of  Iron,  from  the  Chalk  of  Sussex,  England;  Helix  Cun- 
ninghamii, from  New  South  Wales;  H.  lapicida,  from  Portugal?;  190  specimens, 
54  species  of  British  Crustacea;  Palaemon  ornatus,  from  Africa;  P.  carcinus, 
from  the  Philippines ;  41  specimens  of  British  Echinodermata  ;  Fry  of  Buccinum 
undatum ;  seven  species  of  British  Shells :  seven  Skeletons  of  Birds  from  Mo¬ 
zambique,  Gaboon  and  New  Zealand ;  five  specimens  of  Branchiostoma  lubricum, 
Salmo  sembla,  and  Gasterosteus  spinachia.  Presented  by  Dr,  T.  B.  Wilson. 


Vlll. 


Thirty-six  specimens,  fourteen  species,  Crustacea,  from  the  Mediterranean. 
Presented  by  M.  Jules  Verreaux. 

Forty-one  specimens  minute  fossils,  from  the  Coralline  Crag,  England;  and 
twelve  specimens  of  Fossils,  from  the  Bennett  Collection.  Presented  by  Dr.  T. 
B.  Wilson. 

Fifty-three  specimens,  eleven  species  of  Shells  from  Cochin  China  and  Mala¬ 
bar.  From  Mr.  Hanley,  of  England. 

Two  specimens  of  Pavonaria  quadrangularis.  From  Mr.  McAndrew. 

Four  canines  of  Hippopotamus.  From  Mr.  H.  Gilliams. 

Saturnia  atlas,  from  China.  From  Mr.  Phillips. 

Fossil  Fruits  from  the  Coal  Formation,  (No.  13  of  Rogers,)  Beaver  Co.,  Pa. 
From  Mr.  Percival  Roberts. 

April  6th. 

Five  Teeth  of  Hippopotamus  Capensis.  Presented  by  Mr.  Gilliams. 

Bitumen,  Amber,  and  a  fragment  of  an  Antler  of  Cervus,  from  a  Marl  pit. 
New  Jersey.  From  Dr.  C.  H.  Budd. 

Mounted  specimens  of  Dipodomys  Phillipsii,  and  of  Mus - ?  from  Cali¬ 

fornia.  From  Dr.  LeConte. 

Numerous  specimens  of  Shark’s  Teeth,  from  the  Marl,  New  Jersey.  From 
Mr.  R.  Kilvington. 

Emerylite  and  Euphyllite,  from  Chester  Co.,  Pa.  Presented  by  Dr.  Wm.  D. 
Hartman,  of  West  Chester. 

Limaces,  from  California;  fragment  of  fossil  Cetacean;  two  fragments  of 
Conglomerate,  St.  Mary’s  River,  Michigan;  and  Fossil  Wood,  from  Georgia. 
From  Dr.  J.  L.  LeConte. 

Specimens  of  semi-bituminous  Coal,  and  Coke  from  do.,  from  Dauphin  Co., 
Pennsylvania.  From  Mr.  Isaac  Lea. 

April  13th. 

Two  Teeth  of  the  Spermaceti  Whale.  From  Mr.  Gilliams. 

Fragment  of  Fossil  Wood,  from  the  Desert  of  Colorado,  California;  several 

specimens  of  Crustacea,  and  Spermophilus - ?  from  California.  Presented 

by  Dr.  LeConte. 

Tellina  lateralis,  from  the  Drift,  California.  From  Dr.  Woodhouse. 

The  entire  Herbarium  of  North  American  Plants  of  Major  J.  Le  Conte.  Pre¬ 
sented  by  Major  LeConte. 

April  20 th. 

A  collection  of  Birds  from  Angola  and  Benguela,  containing  several  species 
new  to  the  collection  of  the  A«ademy.  Presented  by  Dr.  A.  A.  Henderson, 
U.  S.  N. 

Specimens  of  Conirostrum  ornatum  Lawrence ;  Picolaptes  brunneicapillus 
Lafres. ;  Emberiza  bilineata  Cassin.  From  Mr.  Geo.  N.  Lawrence,  of  New 
York. 

A  fine  specimen  of  Grus  americanus.  From  John  Lambert,  Esq. 

Pelecanus - ;  Grus  canadensis.  From  J.  Dickinson  Sergeant,  Esq. 

A  collection  of  Birds  from  New  Mexico  and  California,  containing  specimens 
of  species  new  to  the  collection  of  the  Academy.  From  E.  L.  Kern,  Esq. 

Specimens  of  Gasterosteus  quadracus,  from  the  vicinity  of  Utica;  Lota  com- 
pressa,  from  Syracuse ;  Corythus  enucleator,  and  Loxia  leucoptera.  Presented 
by  T.  Charlton  Henry,  M.  D.,  U.  S.  N. 

Strataegus  Antaeus,  from  New  Jersey.  From  Mr.  Isaac  W.  Moore. 

Terebratula  and  Area,  from  the  Marl  of  New  Jersey.  From  Mr.  Harris. 

Cone  of  Pinus - ?,  from  California.  From  Dr.  Burtt,  U.  S.  N. 


DONATIONS  TO  LIBRARY 
In  March  and  April,  1852. 

March  2 d. 

Description  of  a  new  genus  of  the  family  Melaniana,  and  of  many  new  species 
of  the  genus  Melania,  by  Isaac  Lea  and  H.  C.  Lea  ;  and  of  five  new  species  of 
Anadonta,  by  Isaac  Lea,  (the  above  collected  by  H.  Cumming,  Esq.,  in  the 
East  Indies.)  From  Mr.  Isaac  Lea. 

Proceedings  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society,  July,  1851  to  Feb.,  1852. 
From  the  Society. 

A  Cabinet  of  Quadrupeds.  By  John  Church.  2  vols.  4to.  From  Mr.  George 
Ord. 

Pennsylvania  Farm  Journal  for  February,  1852.  From  the  Editor. 

The  following  were  presented  by  Dr.  Wilson,  on  the  usual  condition: — 
Travels  in  Africa  in  the  years  1785,  ’86  and  ’87.  By  S.  M.  H.  Golberry. 
Translated  by  Wm.  Mudford.  2  vols.  8vo. 

Physical  Geography.  By  Mary  Somerville.  2  vols.  8vo.  3d  edition. 

The  History  of  Greenland.  By  David  Crantz.  2  vols.  8vo. 

Hooker’s  Journal  of  Botany,  and  Kew  Garden  Miscellany.  Vols.  1,  2  and  3. 
The  relation  between  the  Holy  Scriptures  and  some  parts  of  Geological 
Science.  By  John  Pye  Smith,  D.  D.  4th  ed.  8vo. 

The  Works  of  John  Hunter.  Edited  by  James  F.  Palmer.  4  vols.  8vo.  and 
Atlas,  4to. 

A  Critical  and  Experimental  Essay  on  the  Circulation  of  the  Blood.  By  Mar¬ 
shall  Hall,  M.  D.  8vo. 

Voyages  and  Travels  in  the  Levant  in  the  years  1749,  ”50,  ’51  and  ’ 52 .  By 
the  Rev.  F.  Hasselquist,  M.  D.  Published  by  Charles  Linnaeus.  8vo. 

Travels  in  Chili  and  La  Plata.  By  John  Miers.  2  vols.  8vo. 

The  Columbia  River;  or  Scenes  and  Adventures  during  a  residence  of  six 
years  on  the  Western  side  of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  By  Ross  Cox.  2  vols.  8vo. 

Narrative  of  a  Voyage  to  Hudson’s  Bay  in  H.  M.  S.  Rosamond.  By  Lieut. 
Edward  Chappell,  R.  N.  8vo. 

Nineveh  and  its  Remains.  By  Austin  H.  Layard.  3d  ed.  2  vols.  8vo. 
Researches  into  the  Physical  History  of  Man.  By  J.  Cowles  Prichard,  M.  D. 
8vo.  1st  ed. 

The  same.  3d  edition.  Vols.  1  and  2.  8vo. 

Sketches  of  the  History  of  Man.  (Kaimes.)  4  vols.  8vo. 

A  System  of  Phrenology.  By  George  Combe.  5th  ed.  2  vols.  8vo. 

A  Dictionary,  Geographical,  Statistical  and  Historical.  By  J.  R.  McCulloch. 
New  edition,  with  a  Supplement.  2  vols.  8vo. 

The  Natural  History  of  the  varieties  of  Man.  By  R.  G.  Latham,  M.  D.  8vo. 
Elements  of  the  General  and  Minute  Anatomy  of  Man  and  the  Mammalia.  By 
F.  Gerber.  With  notes,  &c.,  by  George  Gulliver.  2  vols.  8vo. 

History  of  the  Indian  Archipelago.  By  John  Crawford.  3  vols.  Svo. 

Travels  in  Peru  during  the  years  1838 — 42.  By  Dr.  J.  J.  Von  Tschudi. 

Translated  from  the  German  by  Thomasina  Ross.  8vo. 

A  Tour  through  some  of  the  Northern  parts  of  Europe.  By  N.  Wraxhall,  Jr. 
3d  edition. 

British  Zoology.  By  Thomas  Pennant,  Esq.  New  edition.  4  vols.  8vo. 

The  Oregon  Territory.  By  the  Rev.  C.  G.  Nicolay.  12mo. 

The  Book  of  Nature  laid  open.  By  the  Rev.  Wm.  Hutton.  4th  ed.  l2mo; 

March  9th . 

American  Journal  of  Science  and  Arts.  March,  1852.  From  the  Editors. 
Annales  des  Mines.  Quatrieme  Serie.  Liv.  5  de  1851.  From  L’Ecole  des 
Mines. 

Journal  d’ Agriculture  et  Transactions  de  la  Soc.  d’ Agriculture  du  Bas- Canada. 
Vol.  5.  No.  2.  From  the  Society. 


X. 


The  following  were  presented  by  Dr.  Wilson,  on  the  usual  condition  : — 

Nederlandsche  Tijdschrift  von  Jagtkunde  Von  Dr.  H.  Schlegel.  lste.  Jahr- 
gang,  le-  u.  2e-  Af. 

Paleontologie  Franqaise.  Par  Alcide  D’Orbigny.  Terrains  cretaces,  livs. 
169 — 174  ;  Terrains  Jurassiques  livs.  67 — 69. 

London,  Edinburgh  and  Dublin  Philosophical  Magazine,  Feb.,  1852. 

Zeitschrift  fur  Wissenschaftliche  Zoologie  von  C,  T.  von  Siebold  und  A.  Kol- 
liker.  Vols  1  and  2. 

Journal  de  Conchyliologie.  An.  1851,  pt.  2. 

History  of  British  Mollusca  and  their  Shells.  By  Prof.  Forbes  and  S.  Hanley. 
No.  44. 

Conchologia  iconica.  By  Lovell  Reeve.  Part  104. 

London  Athenaeum.  Jan.,  1852. 

Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History,  Feb.,  1852. 

Illustrations  of  British  Mycology.  By  Mrs.  T.  J.  Hussey.  2d  series,  part  4. 

History  of  British  Fossil  Reptiles.  By  Richard  Owen.  Parts  4  and  5. 

Abhandlungen  aus  dem  Gebiete  der  Zoologie  und  Vergleichenden  Anatomie. 
Von  H.  Schlegel.  No.  4. 

Histoire  Naturelle  des  lies  Canaries.  Par  MM.  Webb  et  Berthollet.  Nos. 
100—103. 

Bijdragen  tot  de  Dierkunde  door  het  Genootschap  Natura  Artis  Magistra  te 
Amsterdam.  1851.  Parts  1  and  2. 

Novitiae  ad  Synopsin  Avium.  Natatores.  48  plates. 

Journal  of  the  Royal  Asiatic  Society.  Vol.  12,  No.  1.  Vol.  14,  No.  1. 

Madras  Journal.  No.  19.  April,  1838. 

Elementi  der  Mineralogie.  Von  Dr.  Carl  F.  Naumann.  8vo. 

List  of  specimens  of  Hemipterous  Insects  in  the  British  Museum.  Part  1 :  of 
Fish,  part  1;  of  Homopterous  Insects,  parts  2  and  3;  of  British  Animals,  in¬ 
cluding  Mollusca  acephala  and  Brachiopoda,  part  7  ;  Hymenoptera  aculeata,  part  6. 

Voyage  en  Islande  et  au  Groenland  ;  publie  sous  la  direction  de  M.  Paul 
Gaimard ;  Histoire  du  Voyage.  Livs.  10 — 14. 

Voyage  en  Abyssinie.  Tome  5.  8vo.  Atlas,  liv.  34;  et  Chart. 

Voyage  en  Abyssinie.  Par  MM.  Ferrett  et  Galinier.  Vol.  3,  pp.  1 — 144. 

Lachesis  Lapponica :  or  a  Tour  in  Lapland:  from  the  original  MSS.  of  Lin¬ 
naeus.  By  J.  Ed.  Smith,  M.  D.  2  vols.  8vo. 

Mineralogy  according  to  the  Natural  System.  By  Robert  Jamieson.  8vo. 

The  History,  Civil  and  Commercial,  of  the  British  Colonies  in  the  West  Indies. 
By  Bryan  Edwards,  Esq.  3  vols.  4to. 

Transactions  of  the  Cambridge  Philosophical  Society.  Vols.  1  to  7  ;  Vol.  8, 
part  3;  Vol.  9,  pt.  1.  4to. 

Vergleichend-anatomische  Beschreibung  des  Kehlkopfs  mit  besonderer  Beriick- 
sichtigung  des  Kehlkopfs  der  Reptilien.  Von  D.  J.  Henle.  4to. 

The  History  of  Jamaica.  (Long.)  3  vols.  4to. 

The  History  of  Java.  By  T.  Stamford  Raffles.  2  vols.  4to. 

Descriptive  and  Illustrated  Catalogue  of  the  Histological  Series  in  the  Museum 
of  the  Royal  College  of  Surgeons  of  England.  Vol.  1.  4to. 

Ueber  die  Kawi-Sprache  aufder  Insel  Java.  Von  W.  von  Humboldt.  3  vols.  4to. 

The  Natural  History  of  Norway,  in  two  Parts.  Translated  from  the  Danish 
original  of  the  Right  Rev.  Erich  Pontoppidan.  Folio. 

A  Journal  of  Transactions  and  Events  during  a  residence  of  nearly  16  years 
on  the  Coast  of  Labrador.  By  George  Cartwright.  3  vols.  4to. 

The  History  of  the  American  Indians.  By  James  Adair,  Esq.  4to. 

An  account  of  an  Embassy  to  the  Kingdom  of  Ava  in  1775.  By  Michael 
Symes,  Esq.  4to. 

Geographical  Distribution  of  Animals.  (L.  Agassiz.) 

The  Phrenological  Journal  and  Magazine  of  Moral  Science.  20  vols. 

A  continuation  of  the  Alphabetical  Index  to  the  Philosophical  Transactions  of 
the  Royal  Society  of  London.  4to.  (From  1781  to  1820.) 


XI. 


March  1 6th.  ♦ 

Annales  de  la  Societe  Entomologique  de  France.  1851.  No.  4.  From  Dr. 
Wilson. 

Revue  et  Magasin  de  Zoologie.  1851,  No.  12,  1852,  No.  1.  From  the  same. 

Journal  of  the  Franklin  Institute  for  March,  1852.  From  the  same. 

Comptes  Rendus.  Tome  34,  Nos.  1 — 5.  From  the  same. 

Pennsylvania  Farm  Journal.  Edited  by  S.  S.  Haldeman.  No.  12,  March, 
1852.  From  the  Editor. 

Proceedings  of  the  Boston  Society  of  Natural  History.  Vol.  4,  pp.  129 — 144. 
From  the  Society. 

Histoire  Physique,  Politique  et  Naturelle  de  Pile  de  Cuba.  Par  M.  Ramon  de 
la  Sagra.  Nos.  57 — 61.  Folio.  From  Messrs.  Vaux,  Elwyn,  Phillips  and 
Carpenter. 

Foot-Prints  of  the  Creator,  or  the  Asterolepis  of  Stromness.  By  Hugh  Miller. 
8vo.  From  Mr.  John  Merrick. 

Mr.  Edward  Wilson  presented  the  following,  on  the  usual  condition  : — 

Memoires  de  la  Societe  Ethnologique.  Tome  2.  8vo. 

Memoires  de  la  Societe  Medicale  d’Emulation.  9  vols.  8vo. 

Das  Thierreich  geordnet  nach  seiner  Organisation,  von  Baron  von  Cuvier.  Von 
F.  S.  Voight.  6  vols.  8vo. 

Fr.  v.  P.  Gruithuisens  Beytrage  zur  Physiognosie  und  Gantognosie.  8vo. 

Histoire  naturelle  du  Genre  humain.  Nouvelle  ed.  Par  J.  J.  Virey.  3  vols.  8vo. 

Danielis  Clerici,  M.  D.,  Historia  naturalis  et  medica  Latorum  Lumbricorum 
intra  hominem  et  alia  animalia  nascentium.  4to. 

Nachricht  von  dem  Versteinerungen  des  Groszfurst-enthums  Siebenburgen, 
&c.  Von  J.  E.  von  Fichtel.  4to. 

Beobachtungen  auf  Naturhistorischen  Reisen  von  A.  F.  Schweigger.  4to. 

Dr.  Bremser  fiber  Lebende  Wiirmen  im  lebender:  Menschen.  4to. 

Observations  made  during  a  Voyage  round  the  World.  By  J.  R.  Foster, 
LL.  D.  4to. 

Recherches  sur  les  Ossemens  Fossiles  du  Department  du  Puy  de  Dome.  Par 
l’Abbe  Croizet  et  Jobert  aine.  4to. 

Vierzehn  kupfertafeln  nebst  deren  Erflarung  zur  Gebentschulfe  der  landwirth- 
schaftlichen  Thiere.  Von  Dr.  J.  C.  G.  Joerg.  Folio. 

Delle  malattie  del  grano  in  Erba.  Di  Conte  Francisco  Ginanni.  4to. 

J.  M.  Lancisci  de  motu  cordis  et  aneurysmatibus  ;  opus  posthumum.  Folio. 

De  Halyotidum  structura  dissertatio  inauguralis.  Auctore  B.  J.  Feider. 

J.  G.  Schneider’s  erster  Beytrag  zur  Naturgeschichte  der  Schildkroten. 

Memoria  sobra  la  influenza  de  una  temperatura  baja  en  las  metamorfosis  de 
los  insectos  y  por  consiquiente  en  su  aparicion.  Por  Mariano  de  la  Paz  Graells. 

Dissertation  sur  les  affections  vermineuses  en  general.  Par  J.  M.  Tailleferie, 
D.  M. 

Vergleichende  Betrachtungen  fiber  die  Mannigfaltigkeit  in  der  organischen 
und  unorganischen  Natur.  Von  Dr.  Franz  von  Kobell. 

Essai  sur  l’histoire  medicale  des  Cantharides.  Par  Mathieu  Guilbert. 

Dissert,  inaug.  zootomica  de  Insectorum  genitalibus.  Auctor  Dr.  J.  J. 
Hegetschweiler. 

Disquisitiones  circa  nonnullarum  avium  systema  arteriosum.  Auctor  Frede- 
ricus  Bauer. 

Synopsis  Hymenopterologi®  Scandinavic®  af  G.  Dahlbom. 

Memoire  sur  des  Bois  des  Cerfs  Fossiles  (Faujas  de  St.  Fond.) 

Dissert,  inaug.  med.  sistens  ovi  avium  historiae  et  incubationis  prodromum. 
Auctor  L.  S.  Comes  ab  Tredern. 

Observationes  anatomic®  circa  fabricam  Ran®  Pip®.  Auctor  F.  G.  Breyer. 

Monographie  de  la  famille  des  Hirundinees.  Par  Alfred  Moquin-Tendon. 

De  structura  lumbrici  terrestris.  Auctore  Julius  Leo. 

Abhandlung  uber  das  Vermeintliche  Barentige  Faulthier.  Von  Fr.  Tiede- 
mann. 

Observationes  chemico-medic®  de  Lacte  humano.  Auctor  F.  J.  Voltelen. 

Pauli  Josephi  Barthez  oratio  academica  de  principio  vitali  hominis. 

11 


Symbolae  ad  Ovi  Avium  historiam  ante  incubationem.  Auctore  J.  E.  Pur- 
kinje. 

J.  T.  Klein  Mantissa  Ichthyologica  de  sono  et  auditu  Piscium.  4to. 
Anatomisk  Beskrivelse  over  et  ved  Nogle  Dyr-arters  Uterus  undersogt  glan- 
dulost  organ.  Af.  H.  Gartner.  4to. 

Abbildung  und  Beschreibung  einiger  neuen  oder  wenig  gekannten  Versteine- 
rungen  aus  der  Kalkschieferformation  von  Solenhofen.  Yon  Dr.  Edward  Rup- 
pell. 

Systematische  Uebersicht  der  Trilobiten  und  Beschreibung  einiger  neuen 
Arten  derselben.  Yon  Hrn.  Prof.  Dr.  Goldfuss. 

Observations  anatomiques  sur  l’lvoire.  Par  J.  R.  Duval. 

Sur  un  ordre  de  Mammiferes  qui  nourissent  leurs  petits  nouveau  nes  sans 
allaitement. 

Memoires  sur  la  structura  et  les  usages  des  glandes  monotremiques.  ParM. 
Geoffrey  St.  Hilaire. 

Catalogue  des  Mollusques  vivants  de  la  Champagne  Meridionale.  Par  MM. 
J.  Ray  et  H.  Drouet. 

Fecondation  artificielle  des  Poissons.  Rapport  de  M.  Aymar  Bression. 

Dela  Cochinella  der  Nopal. 

Memoires  sur  divers  insectes  nuisibles  a  PAgriculture.  Par  J.  Ch.  Herpin  de 
Metz. 

Recherches  sur  la  destruction  de  l’Alucite  ou  Teigne  des  Graines.  Par  J.  C. 
Herpin. 

Catalogue  of  British  Marine  recent  shells. 

Om  Cranchia  megalops  Prosch  af  O.  Morch. 

Notice  topographique  et  medicale  sur  la  Ville  d’Hyeres.  Par  le  Dr.  Barth. 
2e.  ed. 

Catalogue  methodique  des  Echinides  du  Departement  de  PYonne.  Par  M. 
Gustave  Cotteau,  1850. 

Concours  d’animaux  reproducteurs  males,  d’instruments,  &c.  de  l’agriculture. 
8vo. 

Considerations  anatomiques,  physiolog.  et  patholog.  sur  les  Mamelles.  Par 
Joseph  Fred.  Landes. 

Faune  Entomologique  de  Madagascar,  Bourbon  et  Maurice.  Lepidopteres. 
Par  le  Dr.  Boisduval ;  livs.  1 — 8. 

J.  C.  Schaeffer  Piscium  Bavarico-Ratisbonensium  Pentas.  4to. 

J.  C.  Schaeffer’s  fernere  Zweifel  und  Schwierigkeiten  welche  in  der  Insecten- 
lehre  auroch  vorwalten. 

Annotationes  quaedam  de  sensu  ac  significatione  ossium  capitis,  speciatim  de 
capite  Testudinis.  Ab.  Aug.  Leop.  Ulrich. 

De  l’influence  des  climats  sur  l’homme.  Par  E.  D.  Sauveur  Viader. 

Notice  sur  le  Chimpanzee. 

Versuch  liber  die  beste  Einrichtung  zur  Aufstellung  Behandlung  und  Aufbe- 
warung  der  Verscheidenen. 

Naturkorper  und  Gegenstande  der  kunst,  vorzuglich  der  Conchylien-Samm- 
lungen.  Von  F.  C.  Schmidt.  8vo. 

Iconographie  Conchyliologique.  Par  Polydore  Roux. 

Dissertation  sur  la  preeminence  des  Chats  dans  la  Societe  sur  les  autres 
animaux  d’Egipte,  &c. 

Plantae  per  Galliam  Hispaniam  et  Italiam  observatae  a  R.  P.  Jac.  Barreliero. 
Opus  posthumum.  Folio. 

Stirpium  sciagraphia  et  icones  ex  Musaeo  Dom.  Chabraei,  M.  D.  Folio. 
Histoire  des  Plantes  qui  naissant  aux  environs  d’Aix,  &c.  Par  M.  Garidel. 
Folio. 

Historia  Botanica  practica.  Opus  Eq.  Jno.  Baptiste  Morandi  Mediolanensis. 
Folio. 

Atlas  to  the  t:  Amboinische  Rariteitkammer  ”  of  Rumphius.  Folio. 


xiii. 


March  23 d. 

Introduction  to  Algology  :  with  a  Catalogue  of  American  Algae  or  Sea-weeds. 
By  John  Hooper.  From  the  Author. 

Notice  of  the  origin,  progress  and  present  condition  of  the  Academy  of 
Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia.  By  W.  S.  Ruschenberger,  M.  D. 

Mr.  Edward  Wilson  presented  the  following,  on  the  usual  condition  : — 

The  Microscopic  Cabinet  of  select  animated  objects.  By  Andrew  Prichard. 
8  vo. 

Geologie  appliquee  aux  Arts  et  a  PAgriculture.  Par  MM.  C.  D’Orbigny  et 
A.  Gente.  8vo. 

Das  Orientalische  Pferd  und  das  Privat-Gestute  Sr.  Majestat-des  Konigs  von 
Wurtemberg.  Von  Dr.  A.  Jaeger.  8vo. 

Nouvelles  observations  sur  les  Abeilles.  Par  Francis  Huber.  8vo. 

Letters,  Literary  and  Political,  on  Poland.  8vo. 

The  Natural  History  of  Animalcules.  By  Andrew  Prichard.  8vo. 
Microscopic  Illustrations  of  Living  Objects,  &c.  By  A.  Prichard.  3d  ed.  8vo. 
Petrifactions  and  their  Teachings.  By  G.  A.  Mantell.  8vo. 

A  Manual  of  Ornithology  of  the  United  States  and  of  Canada.  By  Thomas 
Nuttall.  2  vols.  8vo. 

Lettres  a  Julie  sur  l’Entomologie.  Par  M.  E.  Mulsant.  2  vols.  8vo. 
Lehrbuch  der  Yergleichenden  Anatomie  von  v.  Siebold  und  Stannius,  Vols. 
1  and  2.  8vo. 

A  Manual  of  Entomology,  from  the  German  of  Dr.  H.  Burmeister.  By  W.  E. 
Shuckard.  Nos.  1 — 12.  8vo. 

Beitrage  zur  Naturgeschichte  der  Turbellarien.  Von  Dr.  Max.  Sigmund 
Shultze.  4to. 

Analecta  Entomologica.  Auctore  J.  W.  Dalman.  4to. 

The  Papilios  of  Great  Britain.  By  W.  Lewin.  4to. 

Adolphi  Ed.  Grube  de  Pleione  carunculata  dissert-Zootomica. 
Untersuchungen  fiber  die  Entwickelungsgeschichte  der  Fische  nebst  einem 
Anhange  fiber  die  Schwimblase.  Von  Dr.  Karl  Ernst  von  Baer. 

Thesaurus  Literaturae  Botanicae  omnium  Gentium.  Curavit  G.  A.  Pritzel. 
Fascic.  1 — 6.  4to. 

Mittheilungen  aus  dem  Gebiete  der  Geologie  und  Palaeontologie  von  Dr.  A.  v. 
Klipstein.  le.  Band.  4to. 

Disquisitiones  de  structura  et  textura  canalium  aeriferorum.  Scripsit 
Ernestus  Shultz. 

Atlas  of  Dinotherium  giganteum  (Klipstein  und  Kaup. ) 

Ueber  das  Gabaerorgan  des  Menschen  und  der  Saugethiere  im  Schwangern 
und  Nicht-Schwangern  Zustande.  Von  D.  J.  C.  G.  Joerg.  Folio. 

Note  sur  un  cas  de  communication  entre  Partere  pulmonaire  et  l’aorte  des- 
cendente.  Par  M.  le  Dr.  Ch.  Poelmann. 

Essai  sur  les  Lamellicornes  des  Environs  d’ Amiens.  ParM.  Gamier. 
Museum  Adolphi  Frederici  Regis,  in  quo  animalia  rariora  imprimis  et  exotica 
describuntur  et  determinuntur  a  C.  Linnaeo.  Folio. 

Dominici  Cyrilli,  M.  D.  Entomologiae  Neapolitanae  specimen  primum.  Folio. 
Deliciae  Naturae  selectae.  Von  Georg.  Wolfgang  Knorr.  2  vols.  Folio. 

April  6th. 

Sitzungsberichte  der  k.  Akad.  der  Wissen,  Mathemat-Naturwissen.  Classe. 
Vol.  6,  Vol.  7,  parts  1  and  2.  8vo.  From  the  Academy. 

Denkschriften  ?der  k.  Akad.  der  Wissen.,  Mathemat-Naturwissen.  Classe. 
Vol.  2,  pt.  1.  Folio.  From  the  same. 

Remarks  on  Entomology,  chiefly  in  reference  to  an  Agricultural  benefit.  By 
Wm.  D.  Brinckle,  M.  D.  From  Dr.  Elwyn. 

Report  of  the  Mines  and  Lands  of  St.  Lawrence  Mining  Company.  From  the 
same. 

Annals  of  the  Minnesota  Historical  Society  for  1852.  From  the  Society. 
Ueber  die  fossilen  Saugethiere  Wurtembergs  von  Dr.  Georg.  Jager.  From 
the  Prince  de  Wied. 


xiv. 


Nova  Acta  Acad.  C.  L.  C.  Nat.  Curiosorum.  Vol.  23,  part  1.  4to.  From 
the  Academy. 

leones  Filicum:  Figures  and  descriptions  of  Ferns,  principally  such  as  have 
been  unnoticed  by  Botanists,  or  incorrectly  figured.  By  Wm.  J.  Hooker  and 
R.  K.  Greville.  Nos.  1  to  10.  Folio.  From  Dr.  Joseph  Carson. 

Archiv  fur  Naturgeschichte.  Yon  Dr.  F.  H.  Troschel.  1849,  No.  6;  1850, 
Nos.  2,  3,  4,  5  ;  1851,  Nos.  1,  2,  3.  From  the  Editor. 

Journal  d’Agriculture,  ou  Transactions  de  la  Soc.  d’Agriculture  du  Bas- 
Canada.  Yol.  5,  No.  3.  From  the  Society. 

Charleston  Medical  Journal  and  Review  for  March,  1852.  From  the  Editor. 
Quarterly  Journal  of  the  Geological  Society  of  London.  Vol.  8,  pt.  1  From 
the  Society. 

Pennsylvania  Farm  Journal.  Edited  by  S.  S.  Haldeman.  April,  1852. 
From  the  Editor. 

Dr.  Wilson  presented  the  following,  on  the  usual  condition  : — 

Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History,  March,  1852. 

Archiv  fur  Naturgeschichte.  Von  Dr.  F.  H.  Troschel.  1850,  No.  5. 

London  Athenaeum  for  Feb.,  1852. 

Conchologia  iconica.  By  Lovell  Reeve.  No.  105. 

Zeitschrift  fur  Malakozoologie.  Yon  Dr.  Menke  und  Dr.  Pfeiffer.  1851. 
Nos.  6 — 11. 

London,  Edinburgh  and  Dublin  Philosophical  Magazine,  March,  1852. 

April  13  th. 

Elements  of  Chemistry.  By  Thomas  Graham.  Second  American  edition, 
with  notes  by  Robert  Bridges,  M.  D.  8vo.  From  Dr.  Bridges. 

Registro  trimestre,  6  colleccion  de  Memorias  de  Historia,  Literatura,  Ciencias 
y  Artes.  Por  una  Sociedad  de  Literatos.  Tome  1.  8vo.  From  Wm.  H. 
Prescott,  Esq.,  Boston. 

Proceedings  of  the  Boston  Society  of  Natural  History.  Vol.  4,  pp.  145 — 160. 
From  the  Society. 

Review  of  “  Reports  on  the  Coal  of  the  Albert  Coal  Mining  Co.,  New  Bruns¬ 
wick,  by  C.  T.  Jackson,  M.  D.”  By  a  Fellow  of  the  Geological  Society  of 
London,  &c.  From  Mr.  E.  Le  Gal,  N.  Y. 

Dr.  Wilson  presented  the  following,  on  the  usual  condition : — 

Journal  of  the  Franklin  Institute,  April,  1852. 

Comptes  Rendus.  Tome  34,  Nos.  6,  7,  8,  9. 

Species  general  et  Iconographie  des  Coquilles  vivantes.  Par  L.  C.  Kiener. 
136e*  Liv. 

The  following  were  presented  by  Edward  Wilson,  Esq. : 

A  Journal  of  Natural  Philosophy,  Chemistry  and  the  Arts.  By  William 
Nicholson.  18  vols.  8vo. 

Die  Familien  der  Anneliden  mit  Augabe  ihrer  Gattungen  und  Arten.  Von 
Dr.  Adolph  Edward  Grube. 

Elements  de  Geologie  mis  a  la  portee  de  tout  le  monde.  Par  L.  A.  Chaubard. 
2e-  ed. 

Histoire  des  Travaux  et  des  Idees  de  Buffon.  Par  P.  Flourens.  2e •  ed.  12mo. 
Moeurs,  Instinct  et  singularites  de  la  vie  des  Animaux  Mammiferes.  Par  R. 
P.  Lesson.  12mo. 

A  new  and  accurate  system  of  Natural  History,  in  six  volumes.  By  R. 
Brookes,  M.  D.  2e- ed.  12mo. 

L’Exercise  du  Microscope.  Par  Francois  Watkins.  12mo. 

Les  agremens  des  Campagnards  dans  la  chasse  des  Oiseaux,  &c.  Par  M. 
Buchoz.  12mo. 

Storia  naturale  e  medica  dell’Isola  di  Corfu  Di  Carlo  Botta.  12mo. 

New  Experiments  on  the  Viper.  By  M.  Charras.  12mo. 

Mollusques  terrestres  et  fluviatiles  observes  dans  le  Departement  de  Maine 
et  Loire.  Par  P.  A.  Millet.  12mo. 

Nouveaux  elements  d’Histoire  naturelle.  Par  A.  Salacroux.  2  vols.  8vo. 
Memoires  ,pour  servir  a  une  description  geologique  de  la  France.  Par  MM. 
Dufrenoy  et  El ie  de  Beaumont.  4  vols.  8vo. 


XV. 


De  Porganisation  des  Animaux.  Par  M.  H.  Ducrotay  de  Blainville.  Tome 
lme  Svo. 

Traite  des  Vaches  laitieres  et  de  Pespece  bovine  en  general.  Par  F.  Guenon. 
8vo. 

Memoire  sur  les  Sables  Tertiaires  inferieures  du  Bassin'  de  Paris.  Par  M. 
Melleville.  8vo. 

Histoire  naturelle  des  Races  Humaines.  Par  A.  Desmoulins.  8vo. 

Joannis  de  Laet  Antverpiani  de  Gemmis  et  Lapidibus  libri  duo.  Gfcmmarum 
et  Lapidum  Historia.  Auctore  A.  Boetius  de  Boot,  (in  one  vol.  8vo.) 
Dictionnaire  universel  des  Fossiles  propres.  Par  M.  E.  Bertrand.  8vo. 

Essai  sur  la  Bibliotheque  et.  le  Cabinet  de  l’Acad.  des  Sci.  de  St.  Petersbourg. 
Par  J.  Bacmeister. 

Catalogue  of  the  collection  of  Antiquities  formed  by  M.  Hertz.  4to. 

Das  Thierreich  von  Cuvier:  aus  dem  Franzosischen  frey  uebersezt  von  H.  R. 
Schinz,  M.  D.  5  vols.  8vo. 

Bulletin  Universel :  par  M.  le  Baron  de  Ferussac.  78  vols.  8vo. 

April  2  Oth. 

Naturkundige  Verhandelungen  von  de  Hollandsche  Maatschappij  der  Wetens- 
chappen  te  Haarlem.  2e.  verz.  7e.  Deel.  4tb. 

Memoires  de  l’Academie  Royale  de  Belgique.  Vols.  24  and  25.  4to.  From 
the  Academy. 

Memoires  couronnes  et  Memoires  des  Savants  etrangers,  publies  par  PAcad. 
Royale  de  Belgique.  Vol.  23.  1848 — 1850.  4to.  From  the  same. 

Bulletins  de  PAcad.  Royale  de  Belgique.  Vol.  16,  pt.  2  ;  vol.  17,  pts.  1  and  2  ; 
vol.  18,  pt.  1.  From  the  same. 

Annuaire  de  PAcad.  Royale  de  Belgique.  1850  and  1851.  From  the  same. 
Sur  la  Statisque  Criminelle  du  Royaume-uni  de  la  Grande-Bretagne.  Par  M. 
A.  Quetelet.  From  the  Author. 

Experimental  Researches  on  Electricity,  (28th  series.)  By  Michael  Faraday. 
From  the  Author. 

Journal  of  the  Indian  Archipelago  and  Eastern  Asia.  Vol.  5,  No.  10.  From 
the  Editor. 

Handbuch  der  Petrefaktenkunde.  Von  Dr.  Aug.  Duenstedt.  No.  2.  From 
Dr.  Wilson. 

Zoologisch-anatomisch-physiologische  Untersuchungen  fiber  die  Nordischen 
Walthiere.  Von  Dan.  Fr.  Eschricht.  Vol.  1.  Folio.  From  the  same. 

The  following  were  presented  by  Mr.  Edward  Wilson  on  the  usual  condition  : — 
Manual  of  the  Land  and  Fresh  Water  Shells  of  the  British  Islands.  By  Wm. 
Turton,  M.  D.  12mo. 

Memoire  sur  les  yeux  composes  et  les  yeux  lisses  des  Insectes.  Par  M. 
Manuel  de  Serres.  8vo. 

The  Natural  History  of  Insects,  compiled  from  Swammerdam,  &c.  8vo. 
Catalogue  de  la  collection  Entomologique  du  Mus.  d’Hist.  Nat.  de  Paris. 
Coleopteres,  Vol.  1.  Par  M.  Milne  Edwards. 

Coup  d’ceil  de  la  Geologie  de  la  Belgique.  Par  J.  J.  d’Omalius  d’Halloy. 

The  History,  Ancient  and  Modern,  of  the  Sheriffdoms  of  Fife  and  Kinross.  By 
Sir  Robert  Sibbald,  M.  D.  New  edition.  /8vo. 

Memoires  de  Physique  et  d’Hist.  Naturelle.  Par  J.  B.  Lamarck.  8vo. 
Voyages  made  in  the  years  1788  and  ’89  from  China  to  the  N.  W.  Coast  of 
America.  By  John  Meares,  Esq.  2  vols.  8vo. 

Syllabus  of  Lectures  on  Mineralogy.  By  C.  Schmeisser;  Observations  on  the 
Fossils  of  Cornwall,  by  M.  H.  Klaproth;  Elements  of  Fossilogy,  by  George 
Edwards ;  Account  of  some  German  Volcanoes,  by  R.  E.  Raspi.  (In  one  vol.  8vo.) 
Embryogenie  Comparee.  Par  M.  Coste.  Tome  lme-  et  Atlas. 

Proceedings  of  the  Royal  Society  of  Edinburgh.  38  pts. 

The  British  Warblers.  By  Robert  Sweet.  8vo. 

Thoughts  on  Physical  Astronomy.  By  Frances  Burton.  Quarterly  Journal 
of  Meteorology  and  Pnys.  Science;  Vol.  1.  Proceedings  of  Meteorological  Soc. 
for  1838  and  ’39.  (In  one  vol.  8vo.) 


% 


XVI. 


Zoological  Recreations.  By  W.  J.  Broderip.  8vo. 

Des  Microscopes  et  de  leur  usage.  Par  Chas.  Chevalier.  8vo. 

Encyclopedic  d’Histoire  Naturelle.  Par  le  Dr.  Chenu.  Coleopteres,  Nos.  5 
et  6  ;  PapillonS,  Nos.  1  et  2 ;  Oiseaux,  Nos.  1,  2  et  3;  Quadrumanes,  No.  G. 

J)u  System  e  Nerveux,  &c.  Par  A.  Bazin.  4to. 

Anatomie  Comparee  de  Pappariel  respiratoire  dans  les  animaux  vertebres. 
Par  A.  Leteboullet.  4to. 

Inscriptions  from  the  Ruins  of JPersepolis. 

Recherches  sur  PAppareil  Respiratoire  des  Oiseaux.  Par  Ph.  C.  Sappey. 
Recherches  sur  les  organes  de  la  circulation  de  la  digestion  et  de  la  respiration 
des  Animaux^infusoires.  Par  M.  F.  Pouohet. 

Cocfuilles  et  Echinodermes  fossiles  de  Colombie,  recueillis  de  1821 — 1833 
par  M.  Boussingault  et  decrits  par  Alcide  d’Orbigny. 

Observationes  anatomic®  de  Distornate  hepatico  et  lanceolato.  Auctore  D. 
Ed  Meblis.  Folio. 

Reptilia  Musei  Zoojogici  Vratislaviensis  recensita  et  descripta.  Auctore  J.  L. 
G.  Gravenhorst.  Fascic.  lmus.  Chelonios  et  Batrachia.  Folio. 

Ascension  a  FEtna.  Par  Alfred  Malherbe. 

Catalogue  des  Oiseaux  observes  en  Europe,  principallement  en  France.  Par 
C.  B.  Degland. 

Description  of  the  Skeleton  of  the  Fossil  Deer  of  Ireland.  By  John  Hart.  2d  ed. 
Essai  sur  la  theorie  generale  de  Squelette  des  Vertebres.  Par  M.  Laurent. 

On  a  New  Acid  and  its  combinations;  presented  June,  1829.  By  Edmund 
Davy. 

Rapport  sur  les  Poissons  Fossiles.  Par  L.  Agassiz. 

Catalogue  des  Oiseaux  comprenant  la  collection  du  feu  le  Dr.  Abeilie. 

Joannis  Severini  Tentamen  Zoologic®  Hungaric®. 

Description  of  the  Missourium.  By  Albert  Koch. 


►  DONATIONS  TO  MUSEUM 

In  May  and  June,  185,2. 

May  4th. 

Specimens  of  Dendritic,  Octahedral,  and  Capillary  native  Copper,  from  Lake 
Superior.  From  Mr.  S.  Ashmead. 

Six  fragments  of  Chelonian  and  Saurian  Bones,  and  toolh  of  Dendrodus  obliques, 
from  the  Marl  of  New  Jersey;  and  Quartz  Crystal,  from  Thibet.  From  Dr.  J. 
L.  Burtt,  U.  S.  N. 

One  Asterias,  and  three  Chitons,  from  the  Bay  of  San  Francisco.  From  Mr. 
J.  G.  Watson,  through  Dr.  Ruschenberger. 

Tooth  of  a  Ganoid  Fish,  from  the  Marl  of  New  Jersey.  From  Dr.  C.  H.  Budd. 

Several  specimens  of  Bats,  from  near  Reading,  Pa.  From  Dr.  Heister,  of 
Reading. 

May  1  \th. 

Buccinum  pristis,  from  San  Bias;  NerLtina  pulchella,  from  Manilla;  Conus 
miles,  from  Loo  Choo;  Area  and  Saxicava,  from  Monterey;  and  Lithodonus, 
from  Callao.  From  Dr.  J.  L.  Burtt,  U.  S.  N. 

Several  crania'of  Chelonia  and  Mammalia,  several  skeletons  of  Birds,  and  two 
of  Apes.  From  Mr.  William  Wood. 

Several  specimens  of  sun-dried  Cracks,  from  Lake  Superior.  From  Dr.  Le 
Conte. 

May  18  th. 

Cranium  of  a  Seminole.  Presented  by  Dr.  C.  D.  Meigs. 

Indian  Cranium,  from  the  banks  of  the  River  Susquehanna,  and  fragment  of 
Indian  Pottery,  from  Northumberland  Co.,  Pa.  From  Dr.  Alexander  Janney. 


XVII. 


June  Is*. 

A  collection  of  phanerogamous  plants  made  in  Egypt,  Syria,  &c.,  by  M. 
Boissier.  Presented  by  Rev.  M.  A.  Curtis,  of  S.  Carolina. 

Two  specimens  of  Minerals,  from  Montgomery  Co.,  Pa.,  and  two  of  calcareous 
conglomerate.  From  Mr.  Wm.  Struthers. 

Fragments  of  jaw  and  teeth  of  a  Crocodile,  Sharks’  teeth,  and  Mosasaurus 
tooth,  from  the  Green  Sand  of  New  Jersey.  From  Dr.  J.  L.  Burtt. 

Extremity  of  Snout  of  a  fossil  Sword  Fish,  from  the  Green  Sand  of  New  Jersey. 
From  Dr.  C.  H.  Budd. 

Several  specimens  of  fossil  Shells,  from  the  Drift  near  Philadelphia.  From 
Mr.  Kilvington. 

Unio  Stewardsonii  and  Melania  solida,  from  Tennessee.  From  Dr.  Stewardson. 
Several  specimens  of  Fishes  and  Salamanders.  From  Mr.  Edward  Harris. 

A  collection  of  Crustacea,  Fishes  and  Serpents,  from  New  Jersey.  From 
Major  LeConte. 

Two  Minerals.  From  Mr.  Thomas  Fisher. 

Very  fine  cast  in  colored  plaster  of  Sauropus  primaevus,  Lea,  natural  size. 
From  Mr.  Isaac  Lea. 

Slab  of  Stone  containing  sculptured  human  footprints,  from  Alton,  Illinois. 
Deposited  by  Mr.  Isaac  Lea. 

Fossilized  Guano,  from  the  Coast  of  Chili,  lat.  23°  S.  From  Mr.  Aubrey  H. 
Smith. 

June  1 5tk. 

i 

Numerous  specimens  of  Rocks  and  Fossils  from  Baffin’s  Bay  and  Melville’s 
Bay ;  Lichens,  from  Cape  Riley ;  skin  of  Canis  lagopus,  four  crania  of  Esquimaux, 
and  the  following  Bird  skins  from  Baffin’s  Bay:  Uria  grylle,  Mergulus  alba, 
Larus  eburneus,  L.  argentatus,  Bernicla  brenta,  and  Oidemia  molissima.  Pre¬ 
sented  by  Dr.  E.  K.  Kane,  U.  S.  N. 

Several  specimens  of  Palaeoniscus - ?  from  New  Brunswick.  From  Mr. 

William  Grant,  through  Mr.  Sergeant. 

Panotis  Catesbei  from  the  Delaware  River.  From  Mr.  T.  R.  Conrad. 

June  22 d. 

Skins  of  Piaya  rutila,  Tityra  Cayana,  Phcenicircus  carnifex,  Conophago  nigro- 

genys,  Thamnophylus  stellaris,  Thamnophilus - ?  Totanus  hypoleucus, 

Larus  argentatus,  young,  Acanthylus  pelasgicus,  Cypselus - ?  Formivorus 

- ?  and  Lipangus  lateralis;  from  Demarara.  Presented  by  Dr.  H.  G. 

Dalton,  of  Demarara. 

Collection  of  Coleoptera,  Lepidoptera  and  Hymenoptera ;  from  Demarara. 
Presented  by  the  same. 

Three  specimens  of  fossil  infusorial  Earth,  from  Germany.  From  Dr.  F.  A. 
Genth. 

A  large  collection  of  American  Birds’  Eggs.  From  Mr.  John  Krider. 


DONATIONS  TO  LIBRARY 
In  May  and  June,  1852. 

May  4th. 

Annual  of  Scientific  Discovery,  or  Year  Book  of  facts  in  Science  and  Art,  for 
1852.  Edited  by  David  A.  Wells.  12mo.  From  the  Editor. 

Journal  d’Agriculture,  ou  Transactions  de  la  Societe  d’ Agriculture  du  Bas- 
Canada.  Vol.  5,  No.  4.  From  the  Society. 

Proceedings  of  the  Boston  Society  of  Natural  History.  Vol.  4,  pp.  161 — 176. 
From  the  Society. 

American  Journal  of  Science  and  Arts,  May,  1852.  From  the  Editor. 

18 


xvm. 


History  of  the  Indian  Tribes  of  the  United  States.  By  H.  R.  Schoolcraft, 
LL.D.  Part  2,  4to.  From  Mr.  L.  Lea,  U.  S.  Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs. 
Iconographie  des  Oiseaux.  ParM.  Drapiez.  18mo. 

Geological  Essays  :  or  geological  phenomena  found  in  various  parts  of  the 
United  States.  By  Horace  H.  Hayden.  8vo.  From  Mr.  Charles  E.  Smith. 

Recherches  exp erimentales  sur  Faction  convulsivante  des  principaux  poisons. 
From  Dr.  Leidy. 

Sketches  of  the  medical  topography  and  native  diseases  of  the  Gulf  of  Guinea, 
Western  Africa.  By  ffm.  F.  Daniel,  M.  D.  8vo.  From  the  Author. 

Dr.  Wilson  presented  the  following,  on  the  usual  condition  : 

Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History  for  April,  1852. 

London,  Dublin  and  Edinburgh  Philosophical  Magazine,  April,  1852. 

History  of  the  British  Mollusca.  By  Forbes  and  Hanley,  No.  45. 

Revue  et  Magazin  de  Zoologie,  1852,  No.  2. 

Conchologia  Iconica.  By  Lovell  Reeve.  No.  106. 

Comptes  Rendus.  Tome  34,  Nos.  10,  11,  12. 

The  following  were  presented  by  Mr.  Edward  Wilson,  on  the  usual  condition  : 
Coquilles  fluviatiles  et  terrestres  dans  le  Department  de  l’Aisne,  et  aux  envi¬ 
rons  de  Paris.  Par  M.  Poiret. 

Gemmarum  et  Lapidum  historia  quam  olim  edidit  Ansel.  Boetius  de  Boot. 
12mo. 

C.  F.  Paullini  de  Lumbrico  Terrestre  Schediasma.  12mo. 

Anecdotes  of  Birds.  12mo. 

I  tre  libri  de  gli  Uccelli  da  Rapina  di  M.  Francisco  Sforzino.  12mo. 

Antonii  Felicis  de  Ovis  Cochlearum  epistola  ad  M.  Malpighium.  12mo. 

Pauli  Jovii  Commensis  medici  de  Romanis  Piscibus.  12mo. 

J.  L.  Gansii  Coralliorum  historia.  12mo. 

Moyens  de  conserver  le  Gibier  par  la  destruction  des  Oiseaux  de  Rapine. 
12mo. 

Lettere  medico-pratiche  dell’febbre  maligne  e  de  loro  principali  remedie,  &c. 
12mo. 

Atlas  de  Mammalogie  (Lesson).  12mo. 

Aviceptologie  Francaise,  10me  ed.  Par  C.  Kresz,  aine.  12mo. 

Historische  und  physiologische  Beschreibung  einer  art-hochst-schadlicher 
Zee-Wurmer.  Von  Putoneo.  12mo. 

Hrn.  D.  und  Prof.  Hacquet  Nachricht  von  Yersteinerungen  von  Schalthieren. 
Von  J.  S.  Schraeter.  8vo. 

Ophiographia  physica-chymico-medica.  Von  L.  H.  Lutzen.  12mo. 

Hadriani  Relandi  oratio  de  Galli  cautu  Hierosolymis  audito.  12mo. 
Iconographie  des  Poissons.  Par  M.  de  Gransagne.  18mo. 

Iconographie  des  Reptiles.  Par  M.  Bory  de  St.  Vincent.  18mo. 

Traite  elementaire  d’Erpetologie.  Par  M.  de  St.  Vincent.  18mo. 

Traite  elementaire  d’Ichthyologie.  Par  M.  de  Gransagne.  12mo. 

Le  vieux  Pecheur.  Par  Th.  Deyeux.  12mo. 

El  Fenix  usu  historia  natural  escrita.  Por  don  de  Salas  y  Tobar.  l2mo. 

C.  F.  Paullini  disquisitio  curiosa  an  mors  naturalis  plerumque  sit  substantia 
verminosa?  12mo. 

Essai  sur  l’hist.  nat.  de  la  France  Equinoxiale.  Par  Pierre  Barrere.  12mo. 
Bufo  juxta  methodum  et  leges  Acad.  Nat.  Cur.  breviter  descripta  a  C.  F. 
Paullini.  12mo. 

The  Art  of  Angling.  By  Charles  Bowlker.  12mo. 

Das  Reich  der  Conchjlien.  Von  J.  C.  W.  Kuhnau.  8vo. 

Del  Maraviglioso  specifico  delle  lucertole.  Da  Carlo  M.  Toscanelli.  8vo. 
Nachricht  von  Seltenen  Versteinerungen,  vornemlich  des  Thier-Reiches.  Von 
C.  F.  Wilckens.  8vo. 

Precis  des  Caracteres  generiques  des  Insectes.  Par  le  Cit.  Latreille.  8vo. 
Etudes  sur  les  Terraines  Secondaires  des  Alpes  dans  les  environs  de  Grenoble. 
Par  Charles  Lory. 

Osservazioni  microscopiche  sulla  Tremella,  &c.,  dell’  Abate  Eonaventura 
Corte.  8vo. 


XIX. 


Principes  de  Physiologie  comparee.  Par  Isid.  Bourdon.  8vo. 

Considerations  sur  les  corps  organises.  Par  C.  Bonnet.  2  vols.  8vo.  2«  ed. 

Species  general  des  Hydrocanthares  et  Gyriniens.  Par  le  Dr.  Ch.  Aube.  8vo. 

Salaraandrologia.  J.  P.  Wurffbainii  D.M.  4to. 

The  History  of  Rutherglen  and  East  Kilbride.  By  David  Ure,  A.  M.  8vo. 

Legons  de  Geologie  pratique.  Par  L.  Elie  de  Beaumont.  Vol.  1,  8vo. 

Martini  Lister  Exercitatio  anatomica  altera.  8vo. 

Insecto-Theology.  By  M.  Lesser,  with  notes  by  M.  Lyonet.  8vo. 

Monographic  de  la  Montagne  de  Perrier  pres  d’Issoire  (Puy  de  Dome.)  Par 
M.  Aug.  Bravard.  8vo. 

Dissert  inaug.  de  differentia  et  nexu  intra  nervos  vitae  animalis  et  vitae  orga- 
nicae.  Auctore  J.  Van  Deen.  8vo. 

Recherches  sur  les  Mceurs  de  fourmies  indigenes.  Par  M.  Huber.  8vo. 

Baldi  Angeli  Abbatii  medici  de  Admirabili  Viperae  Natura,  &c.  4to. 

Delle  Caccie  di  Eugenio  Raimondi  Bresciano  libri  quatuor.  4to. 

Description  des  Terr'aines  Yolcaniques  de  la  France  Centrale.  Par  M.  Amedire 
Burat.  8vo. 

Der  Bau  des  Knochernen  Kopfes  in  den  vierklassen  der  Wirbelthiere.  Yon 
Dr.  Otto  Kostlin.  Svo. 

La  Fauconnerie  de  Charles  d’Arcissia.  4to. 

Neue  Untersuchungen  iiber  den  Bau  und  die  Endinung  der  Nerven  und  die 
struktur  der  Ganglien.  Supplement  zu  den  leones  physiologicae  von  Rudolph 
Wagner.  4to. 

Recueil  des  Planches  49  (Quadrupeds).  Par  Broussonet. 

Der  Plauische  Grund  bei  Dresden,  mit  hinsicht  auf  Naturgeschichte  und 
Schone  Gartenkunst.  Von  W.  G.  Becker.  4to. 

May  11  th. 

Report  on  the  Ichthyology  of  the  Seas  of  China  and  Japan.  By  John  Richard¬ 
son,  M.  D.  From  the  Author. 

leones  Piscium.  By  J.  Richardson,  M.  D.  From  the  Author. 

Histoire  du  Ciel.  Par  Noel  Plauche.  2  vols.,  12mo.  From  Mr.  George  Ord. 

Insecta  Caffrariae  annis  1838 — 1845  a  J.  A.  Wahlberg  collects,  descripsit  C. 
H.  Boheman.  Part  1,  fascic.  2.  Coleoptera.  8vo.  From  Prof.  A.  Retzius. 

Nye  Sydamerikanske  Ferskvandsfiske  Beskrevne  af  J.  Reinhardt.  From  the 
same. 

Ueber  die  richtige  Deutung  der  Seitenfortziitze  an  den  Rucken-und  Leuden- 
wirbeln  beim  Menschenund  bei  den  Saugethieren.  Von  A.  Retzius,  M.  D.  From 
the  same. 

Bidrag  till  Blodkiirlsystemets  Jemforande  anatomic  af  E.  J.  Bonsdorff.  From 
the  same. 

The  following  were  presented  by  Dr.  Wilson,  on  the  usual  condition  : — 

Illustrations  of  the  Birds  of  California,  Texas,  and  British  and  Russian  Ame¬ 
rica:  designed  as  a  supplement  to  the  8vo.  edition  of  Audubon’s  Birds  of  Ame¬ 
rica.  By  John  Cassin.  No.  1. 

Journal  of  the  Franklin  Institute,  May,  1852. 

The  Naturalist’s  Miscellany.  By  George  Shaw  and  E.  Nodder.  Vols.  19  to 
24  inclusive,  (completing  the  copy  in  the  Library  A.  N.  S.) 

The  Birds  of  Australia.  By  John  Gould.  Parts  1  and  2,  folio.  (Original  edi¬ 
tion  subsequently  cancelled  by  the  author.) 

The  following  were  presented  by  Mr.  Edward  Wilson,  on  the  usual  condi¬ 
tion  : — 

Catalogue  methodique  de  la  collection  des  Reptiles  du  Museum  d’Histoire 
Naturelle  de  Paris.  Par  M.  Dumeril. 

Catalogue  des  Coleopteres  de  la  collection  de  J.  B.  Gehin.  Cicindeliens— 
5me  fascic. 

Anatomisch-physiologische  Uebersicht  des  Thierreichs.  Von  E.  Bergmann 
und  R.  Leuckart.  8vo. 

Comptes  rendus  des  Seances  et  Memoires  de  la  Societe  de  Biologie.  lme 
An.  1849. 


XX. 


Traite  pratique  sur  les  Abeilles.  Par  V.  Rendu.  12mo. 

Die  Etrusker.  Von  Karl  0.  Muller.  2  vols.  8vo. 

Traite  de  l’age  du  Cheval,  par  feu  N.  F.  Girard.  3me  ed.  par  J.  Girard.  8vo. 
Grundriss  der  Geognosie  und  Geologie.  Von  Dr.  Bernhard  Cotta.  8vo. 

The  Honey  Bee.  By  Edward  Bevan,  M.  D.  8vo. 

An  Introduction  to  Conchology.  By  Geo.  Johnston,  M.  D.  8vo. 

The  History  of  the  Island  of  Minorca.  By  John  Armstrong.  2d  ed.  8vo. 
History  and  description  of  the  skeleton  of  a  new  Sperm  Whale  in  the  Austra¬ 
lian  Museum.  By  Wm.  S.  Wall.  8vo. 

Melisselogia.  By  John  Thornley,  of  Oxon.  8vo. 

Die  Arachniden.  Von  Dr.  Carl  W.  Hahn.  8vo. 

View  of  the  origin  and  migrations  of  the  Polynesian  Nations.  By  J.  D.  Lang, 
D.  D.  8vo. 

Popular  Conchology.  By  Agnes  Catlow.  12mo. 

A  popular  history  of  Mammalia.  By  Adam  White. 

Moral  inquiries  on  the  situation  of  Man  and  of  Brutes.  By  Lewis  Gompertz. 
8vo. 

Oligaeri  Jacobaei  de  Ranis  et  Lacertis  observationes.  12mo. 

Polynesian  Researches.  By  William  Ellis.  4  vols.  12mo. 

C.  A.  Linne  Amaenitates  Academicae.  lOvols.  8vo.  Ed.  tertiaab  D.  J.  C.  D. 
Schreibero. 

Nouveau  Museum  d’Histoire  Naturelle,  par  MM.  Lacepede,  Desfontaines,  &c. 
Tome  l^e.  8vo. 

Principles  of  Geology.  By  Sir  Charles  Lyell.  8th  ed.  8vo. 

Arctic  Searching  Expedition.  By  Sir  J.  Richardson.  2  vols.  8vo. 

Index  Entomologicus.  By  W.  Wood.  8vo. 

A  Treatise  on  Hydrostatics  and  Pneumatics.  By  Dionysius  Lardner.  12mo. 
Manual  of  Electricity,  Magnetism  and  Meteorology.  By  D.  Lardner.  2  vols. 
12mo. ' 

A  Treatise  on  Heat.  By  D.  Lardner.  12mo. 

History  of  Natural  Philosophy.  By  Baden  Powell.  l2mo. 

Preliminary  Discourse  on  the  Study  of  Natural  Philosophy.  By  Sir  John 
Herschel.  12mo. 

A  Treatise  on  Astronomy.  By  Sir  J.  Herschel.  12mo. 

A  Treatise  on  Chemistry.  By  Michael  Donovan.  4th  ed.  12mo. 

A  Treatise  on  Mechanics.  By  Capt.  H.  Kater  and  D.  Lardner.  12mo. 

A  Treatise  on  Optics.  By  Sir  David  Brewster.  New  edition.  12mo. 

The  Grammar  of  Entomology.  By  Edward  Newman.  12mo. 

Histoire  Naturelle  des  Insectes.  Par  F.  M.  G.  de  Tigny.  3me.  ed.  10  vols. 
12mo. 

Essai  Monographique  et  Iconographique  de  la  tribu  des  Cossyphides.  Par  le 
Mis-  F.  de  Breme.  Pts.  1  and  2.  8vo. 

Description  of  a  singular  aboriginal  race  inhabiting  the  summit  of  the  Neil- 
gherry  Hills  in  the  Southern  Peninsula  of  India.  By  Capt.  Henry  Harkness.  8vo. 
Catalogue  of  the  Portland  Museum.  4to. 

History  of  the  Discovery  and  Conquest  of  the  Canary  Islands.  By  George 
Glas.  4to. 

Treatise  on  Insects.  By  James  Wilson.  4to. 

Martini  Lister  Historia  Conchyliorum.  Folio. 

Aquitilium  Animalium  Historia,  Hippolyte  Salviano  auctore.  Folio. 

May  18  th. 

Gammarologia :  a  Philippo  I.  Sachs.  12mo. 

De  vivipera  generatione  scepsis.  Auctore  J.  H.  Sbaragli  P.  et  M.  D.  J2mo. 
Wilhelm  .Tosephi  Anatome  der  Saugethiere.  12mo. 

Dissertationes  Academicae.  A  Carolo  P.  Thunberg.  2  vols.  12mo. 

Johannis  Busthamentini  Camaerensis  de  Animantibus  Sacrae  Scripturae.  4to. 
J.  G.  Liebknecht  Hassiae  Subterranae  specimen.  4to. 

Verzeichniss  bbmischer  Insekten  von  J.  D.  Preyskler.  4to. 

Jobi  Ludolphi  dissertatio  de  Locustis.  Folio. 


XXI. 


Anthropologisch  Onderzoek.  Von  C.  Pruys  Van  der  Hceven.  8vo. 
leones  et  descriptiones  rariorum  plantarum  Siciliae,  Meletae,  Galliae  et  Italiac. 
Auctore  Paulo-Boccone.  4to. 

Diverses  Oyseaux  dessignees  et  gravees  d’apres  le  natural,  par  M.  Robert. 
Folio. 

J.  Nicolai  Pechlini,  M.  D.,  de  habitu  et  colore  iEthiopum  qui  vulgo  Nigritae 
liber.  12mo. 

C.  Francisci  Paullini  de  Asino  liber.  12mo. 

Venus  physique.  7me.  ed.  Par  M.  de  Maupertuis.  12mo. 

D.  P.  B.  Ch.  Graumann  brevis  introductio  in  Historiam  Naturalem  Animalium 
Mammalium  in  usum  auditorum.  12mo. 

Nouveau  traite  des  Abeilles  et  nouvelles  Ruches  de  Paille.  Par  M.  de  Bois- 
jugan.  12mo. 

Anatomie  humaine  et  canine.  Par  Rene-Jacques  Croissant  de  Garengeot.  12mo. 
Johann  H.  Zorns  Petino-Theologie.  12mo. 

Histoire  naturelle  des  Abeilles.  2  vols.  12mo.  (Bazin.) 

Abrege  de  PHistoire  des  Insectes  pour  servir  de  suite  a  Phist.  nat.  des  Abeilles. 
6  vols.  12mo.  (Bazin.) 

Opuscules  ou  Traites  divers  et  curieux  en  Medecine.  Par  M.  Francis  Rankin. 
12mo. 

Castorologia,  explicans  Castoris  Animalis  naturarn  et  usum  medico-chemicum. 
A.  Johanne  Marid.  12mo. 

Grundliche  Anweisung  alle  Arten  Vogel  Von  Joseph  M.  Jagdlust.  12mo. 
Fisica  animale  e  vegetabile  del  Sig.  Abati  Spallanzani.  3  vols.  12mo. 

Des  Maladies  occasionnes  par  les  promptes  et  frequentes  variations  de  l’air. 
Par  M.  Jos.  Rankin.  12mo. 

Lapis  Lydius  philosophico-pyrotechnicus  ad  Ossium  Fossilium  Docimasiam. 
Ab.  J.  Samuel  Carl.  12mo. 

J.  Ant.  Scopoli  Dissertationes  ad  Scientiam  naturalem  pertinentes.  12mo. 

De  Vermibus  in  Lepra  obviis,  &c.  Auctore  J.  A.  Murray.  12mo. 
Lepidopterologische  Anfangsgrunde  zum  Gebrauch  angebender  Schmetterling- 
sammler.  Von  C.  P.  Pezold.  12mo. 

Observationes  physico-medicales  sur  les  Vers  qui  se  formant  dans  les  Intes¬ 
tines,  &c.  Par  M.  Van  Dceveren.  12mo. 

Recherches  philosophiques  sur  les  Americaines.  Par  M.  de  P***.  12mo. 

2  vols. 

Versuch  einer  Naturgeschichte  des  Hamsters.  Von  F.  G.  Sulzer.  12mo. 
Joannis  Caii  Britanni  de  Canibus  Britannicis,  de  rariorum  animalium  et  stir- 
pium  historia.  Svo. 

Nouvelle  histoire  de  PAfrique  Franqoise.  Par  M.  PAbbe  Demanet,  2  vols. 
12mo. 

Histoire  des  Metamorphoses  humaines  et  des  Monstruosites.  Par  A.  Debay. 
12mo. 

Tossicologia  pratica  del  Prof.  Orfila.  Ultima  ed.  Napolitana,  dal  Dr.  Perrone. 
2  vols.  12mo. 

La  Scienza  Selvana  ad  uso  de  Forestale  di  M.  Tondi.  3  vols.  8vo. 

Ueber  einige  Insektenarten.  Von  E.  H.  von  Gierstorpff.  8vo. 

De  la  Phrenologie  humaine  appliquee  a  la  Philosophic,  aux  mceurs  et  au  So- 
cialisme.  Par  A.  Pierre  Beraud.  8vo. 

Lexicon  Entomologicum.  Von  Christian  H.  Moller.  8vo. 

Grundriss  der  Zoologie.  Von  August  Goldfuss.  8vo. 

Thom*  Bartholini  Anatome  quartum  renovata.  8vo. 

Geognostiche  Versuche  von  M.  von  Englehardt  und  Karl  von  Raumer.  8vo. 
Viaggio  da  Gerusalemme  per  le  Coste  della  Soria.  (P.  G.  Mariti.)  Svo. 
Francisci  de  Paula  Schrank  Enumeratio  Insectorum  Austrioe  indigenorum.  Svo. 
Melittotheologia.  Von  Adam  Gott.  Schirach.  8vo. 

Observations  on  the  Natural  History,  Climate  and  Diseases  of  Madeira.  By 
Wm.  Gourlay,  M.  D.  8vo. 

Gattungen  der  Fliegen.  Von  J.  R.  Schellenberg.  8vo. 


XXII. 


Grundriss  einer  Zootomischen  Beschreibung  der  landwirthschaftlichen  Thiere. 
Von  Dr.  J.  D.  Busch.  8vo. 

J.  P.  Eberhard’s  Abhandlung  von  dem  Urspung  der  Perle.  l2mo. 

The  Cottager’s  Manual  for  the  Management  of  Bees.  By  Robert  Huish.  2d 
ed.  12mo. 

J.  B.  F.  Blumenbachs  uber  die  Naturlichen  Verschiedenbeiten  im  Menschen- 
geschichte.  Von  J.  G.  Gruber.  12mo. 

Peter  Camper  over  den  Naturlichen  Unterschied  der  Gesichtsziige  in  Men- 
schen.  4to. 

Der  Herren  Perrault,  Charras  und  Dodarts  Abhandlungen  zur  Naturgeschichte 
der  Thiere  und  Pflanzen.  3  vols.  4to. 

Tableau  synoptique  des  Races  Humaines. 

June  1st. 

Maps  of  Hell  Gate ;  South  side  of  Long  Island,  No.  1  ;  Entrance  to  Mobile 
Bay  ;  Hart  and  City  Island  and  Sachem’s  Head  Harbors  ;  and  Richmond  Island. 
From  the  U.  S.  Treasury  Department,  through  Professor  A.  D.  Bache. 

The  Classification  of  Mankind  by  the  hair  and  wool  of  their  heads ;  with  the 
nomenclature  of  human  hybrids.  By  Peter  A.  Browne,  LL.D.  From  the 
Author. 

Journal  d’Agriculture  ou  Transactions  de  la  Soc.  d’Agriculture  du  Bas-Canada. 
Vol.  5,  No.  5.  From  the  Society. 

A  Synopsis  of  the  Family  of  Naiades.  By  Isaac  Lea.  3d  edition,  4to.  From 
the  Author. 

Observations  on  the  Genus  Unio.  By  Isaac  Lea.  Vol.  5,  4to.  From  the 
Author. 

On  the  fossil  footmarks  of  the  Red  Sandstone  of  Pottsville,  Pennsylvania.  By 
Isaac  Lea.  From  the  Author. 

On  a  Fossil  Saurian  of  the  New  Red  Sandstone  Formation  of  Pennsylvania. 
By  Isaac  Lea.  From  the  Author. 

The  Philosophical  History  and  Memoirs  of  the  Royal  Academy  of  Sciences  of 
Paris.  5  vols.  8vo.  By  J.  Martyn  and  E.  Chambers.  From  Mr.  George  Ord. 

The  Chinese  Repository.  Vols.  5,  6,  13,  14,  15,  16,  8vo.  From  Dr.  J.  L. 
Burtt. 

Dr.  Wilson  presented  the  following,  on  the  usual  condition : 

History  of  British  Mollusca  and  their  Shells.  By  Forbes  and  Hanley. 
Part  46. 

Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History,  May,  1852. 

Revue  et  Magasin  de  Zoologie,  1852,  No.  3. 

London,  Dublin  and  Edinburgh  Philosophical  Magazine,  May,  1852. 

Neuste  schriften  der  Naturforschenden  Gesellschaft  in  Danzig.  Vols.  1,  2,  3, 
and  part  2  vol.  4,4to. 

Transactions  of  the  Cambridge  Philosophical  Society.  Vol.  9,  part  2,  4to. 
Conchologia  iconica.  By  Lovell  Reeve.  Part  107. 

Illustrations  of  British  Mycology.  By  Mrs.  T.  J.  Hussey.  2d  series  part  15. 
The  London  Athenaeum  for  April,  1852. 

Comptes  Rendus.  Tome  34,  Nos.  13  to  17. 

Systematisches  Conchylien-Cabinet  von  Martini  und  Chemnitz.  Von  C.  H. 
Kiister.  Nos.  101 — 105. 

Annales  des  Sciences  Naturelles,  3me  serie.  Botanique,  Vol.  13  Nos.  7 — 12  ; 
vol.  14  Nos.  1 — 6. 

Zeitschrift  fur  Malakozoologie.  Von  Menke  und  Pfeiffer.  1851  No.  12, 
1852  Nos.  1  and  2. 

Palaeontologie  Frangaise,  Par  Alcide  d’Orbigny,  No.  168. 

Contributions  to  Ornithology.  By  Sir  Wm.  Jardine.  1851,  pts.  5  and  6. 
Zeitschrift  fur  Wissenschaftliche  Zoologie.  Von  C.  T.  V.  Siebold  und  A. 
Kolliker.  3d  vol.  Nos.  1 — 4. 

Handbuch  der  bestimmenden  Mineralogie.  Von  W.  Haidinger.  8vo. 
Handbuch  der  Mineralogie.  Von  J.  F.  L.  Hausman.  2  vols.  8vo. 
Volstandigen  Handbuch  der  Mineralogie.  Von  August  Breithaupt.  2  vols.  8vo. 


xxm. 


Die  Deutschen  und  die  Nachbarstammer.  Von  Kaspar  Zeuss.  8vo. 

Personal  Narrative  of  Travels  to  the  Equinoctial  Regions  of  the  New  Conti¬ 
nent  in  1799 — 1804.  By  Alex,  de  Humboldt  and  Aime  Bonpland.  Translated 
by  Helen  Maria  Williams.  7  vols.  Svo. 

System  der  Vergleichenden  Anatomie.  Von  J.  F.  Meckel.  6  vols.  8vo. 
Journal  of  the  Royal  Asiatic  Society  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland.  Vol.  13, 
part  1,  8vo. 

A  history  of  New  South  Wales,  from  its  settlement  to  the  close  of  1S44.  By 
Thos.  H.  Braim,  Esq.  2  vols.,  8vo. 

Sammlung  ausserlesener  Vogel  und  Schmetterlinge.  Von  J.  Hubner.  8vo. 
Beytriige  zur  Anthropologie  und  allgemeinen  Naturgeschichte  von  D.  Karl 
Rudolphi.  8vo. 

Handworterbuch  des  Chemischen  Thiels  der  Mineralogie.  Von  C.  F.  Ram- 
melsberg.  2  vols.,  8vo. 

Erstes,  2s.,  3s.  und  4s.  supplement  zu  dem  Handworterbuch  der  Mineralogie. 
Von  C.  F.  Rammelsburg.  8vo. 

Verzeichniss  bekannter  Schmetterlinge.  Von  Jacob  Hubner.  8vo. 

The  present  state  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  written  originally  in  high  Ger¬ 
man  by  Peter  Kolben ;  translated  by  Mr.  Medley.  2  vols.,  8vo. 

Nomenclator  Entomologicus  :  Verzeichniss  der  Europaischen  Insecten.  Von 
Dr.  Herrich-SchafFer.  Nos.  1  and  2.  12mo. 

Gemeinitzige  Naturgeschichte  Deutschlands  nach  alien  drey  Reichen.  4 
vols.  8vo. 

Knight’s  Monthly  Volumes.  12mo.  18  vols. 

Die  Saugethiere  in  Albildungen  nach  der  Natur  mit  Beschreibungen  von  J.  C. 
D.  Von  Schreber;  Fortgesetzt  von  Dr.  J.  A.  Wagner.  7  vols.,  4to.  and  4  Sup¬ 
plements. 

June  8 th. 

Quarterly  Journal  of  the  Geological  Society  of  London.  Vol.  7,  No.  27.  From 
the  Society. 

Annual  Report  of  the  Trustees  of  the  New  York  State  Library,  (1852.)  From 
the  Trustees. 

Handbuch  der  Botanischen  Terminologie  und  Systemkunde.  Von  Dr.  G.  W. 
BischofF.  4to.  From  Mr.  Wm.  Gries,  of  Reading,  Penn. 

The  following  were  presented  by  Dr.  Wilson,  on  the  usual  condition  : — 
Handbuch  der  allgemeinen  Anatomie  des  Menschen  und  der  Haussaugethiere. 
Von  Fr.  Gerber.  8vo. 

Exotic  Butterflies  ;  illustrations  of  new  species  from  the  collections  of  Messrs. 
Saunders  and  Hewitson.  By  W.  C.  Hewitson.  4to. 

Memoires  de  l’Acad.  Imperiale  des  Sciences  de  St.  Petersburg.  Vol.  6.  Nos. 
4,  5,  6. 

Beobachtungen  fiber  die  electrischen  Wirkungen  des  Zitter-Aales.  Von  C. 
F.  Schonbein. 

Systema  Helminthum.  Auctore  C.  M.  Diesing.  Vol.  2.  8vo. 

Musci  Exotici.  By  William  Hooker.  2  vols.  8vo. 

System  der  Histologie.  Von  Carl  F.  Heusinger.  Vol.  1.  Nos.  1  and  2.  4to. 
Beitrage  zur  kenntniss  dei  Naturgeschichte  der  Vogel  mit  besonderer 
beziehung  auf  Skeletbau  und  Vergleichende  Zoologie.  Von  Dr.  J.  F.  Brandt.  4to. 

Lepidosiren  paradoxa.  Anatomisch  Untersucht  und  beschreiben  durch  Dr.  T. 
L.  W.  BischofF.  4to. 

Die  Lehre  von  den  Ur-und  Racen-formen  der  Schadel  und  Becken  des  Menschen. 
Von  Dr.  M.  J.  Weber.  4to. 

Phycologia  generalis.  Von  F.  T.  Kiitzing.  4to. 

The  Sportsman’s  Cabinet,  (by  Reinagle.)  4to. 

Arctic  Zoology.  By  Thos.  Pennant.  3  vols.  4to. 

Morsels  of  Criticism.  By  Edward  King.  3  vols.  8vo. 

Samuelis  Bocharti  Geographia  Sacra.  Ed.  3ta.  3  vols.  4to. 


xxiv. 


Voyages  dans  la  Basse  et  la  Haute  Egy.pte  pendant  les  campagnes  de  Bonaparte 
en  1798  et  1799.  Par  Vivant  Denon.  2  vols.  4to.  and  Atlas  folio. 

De  Glandularum  Secernentium  structura.  Ab  J.  Mueller.  Folio. 

De  Oculorum  Hominis  Animaliumque  sectione  horizontali  commentatio.  Ab 
D.  W.  Soemmering.  Folio. 

Das  Saugadersystem  der  Wirbelthiere.  Von  Vincenz  Fohmann.  lste  heft. 
Folio. 

Tabulae  Anatomiam  Comparativam  illustrantes  quas  exhibuit  C.  G.  Carus. 
Parts  1  to  7.  Folio. 

Ichthyotomische  Tafeln,  von  Dr.  F.  Rosenthal.  Folio. 

B.  Gottlob  Schreger  de  Bursis  mucosis  subcutaneis.  Folio. 

Geschichte  europaischer  Schmetterlinge  gesammelt  von  Jacob  Hubner.  3  vols. 
4to. ;  Sammlung  europaischer  Schmetterlinge,  5  vols.  4to. ;  Sammlung 
exotischer  Schmetterlinge,  3  vols.  4to. ;  Zutrage  zur  Sammlung  exotischer 
Schmetterlinge,  2  vols.  4to. 

Systematische  Bearbitung  der  Schmetterlinge  von  Europa,  zuglich  als  Text, 
Revision  und  Supplement  zu  J.  Hubner’s  Sammlung  europaischer  Schmetterlinge; 
von  Dr.  G.  A.  W.  Herrick-Schaffer.  8  vols.  4to. 

C.  Cornelius  Tacitus  de  Moribus  Germanorum  et  de  Vita  Agricolae.  Ex.  edit. 
G.  Brotier.  8vo. 

Die  Menschenrassen  von  Dr.  G.  F.  Eberhard. 

De  vesica  aerea  Piscium.  Ab.  H.  S.  R.  Jacobi. 

De  Capitis  ossei  Esocis  Lucii  structiira  singulari.  Ab  E.  Arendt. 

List  of  Coleopterous  Insects  in  the  Collection  of  the  British  Museum.  Part  1. 

June  15th. 

Contributions  to  Ornithology.  By  Sir  Wm.  Jardine.  Part  4  for  1851.  From 
Mr.  Wm.  Strickland. 

Journal  of  the  Indian  Archipelago  and  Eastern  Asia.  Nos.  5,  6,  7,  11  and  12, 
of  vol.  5  ;  No.  1,  vol.  6.  From  the  Editor.  • 

Quarterly  Journal  of  the  Geological  Society  of  London.  No.  30.  From  the 
Society. 

Annual  Address  before  the  Geological  Society  of  London,  20th  Feb.,  1852. 
By  W.  Hopkins.  From  the  author. 

Causes  which  have  produced  changes  in  the  earth’s  superficial  temperature. 
By  Wm.  Hopkins;  From  the  Author. 

Memoire  sur  les  Depots  Metalliferes  de  la  Swede  et  de  la  Norvege ;  Memoire 
sur  la  distribution  dans  la  plaine  du  Rhin  et  sur  l’extraction  de  ce  metal ;  Sur  le 
gisement,  la  constitution  et  l’origine  des  amas  de  Minerai  de  Fer  ;  Sur  la  forma¬ 
tion  journaliere  du  Minerai  de  Fer  des  Marais  et  des  Lacs;  Sur  le  phenomene 
erratique  du  Nord  de  l’Europe.  Par  M.  A.  Daubree.  From  the  Author. 

Dr.  Wilson  presented  the  following,  on  the  usual  condition : — 

Cours  elementaire  de  Paleontologie  et  de  Geologie  Stratigraphiques.  Par  M. 
Alcide  D’Orbigny.  Tome  2,  fascic.  2.  12mo. 

Prodrome  de  Paleontologie  Stratigraphique  Universelle'  des  animaux  Mol- 
lusques  et  rayonnes.  Par  M.  D’Orbigny.  Vol.  3.  12mo. 

Etudes  sur  les  Echinides  fossiles  du  Departement  de  1’Yonne.  Par  M.  Cotteau. 
Nos.  9  and  10. 

Journal  of  the  Franklin  Institute,  June,  1852.* 

Histoire  naturelle  des  Mollusques  Pteropodes.  Par  MM.  Rang  et  Souleyet. 
Folio. 

The  following  were  presented  by  Mr.  Edward  Wilson,  on  the  usual  con¬ 
dition  : — 

Proceedings  of  the  Royal  Society  of  London.  Nos.  77  and  78. 

Transactions  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  London.  New  series.  Vol.  1, 
parts  4,  5,  6. 

The  Zoologist.  Nos.  103,  104,  105. 

The  Naturalist.  Nos.  5,  6,  7. 

Transactions  of  the  Microscopical  Society  of  London.  Vol.  1,  part  1 ;  vol.  3, 
part  2. 


XXV. 


Proceedings  of  the  Royal  Society  of  Edinburgh,  Nos.  1  and  2. 

Transactions  of  the  Royal  Society  of  Arts  and  Sciences  of  Mauritius.  Vol.  lj 
pts.  1  and  2;  Vol.  2,  pt.  1. 

Bulletin  de  la  Soc.  a’hist.  nat.  du  Department  de  la  Moselle.  No.  6. 
Monographiae  Zootomicae.  Auctore  J.  G.  H.  Kinberg.  No.  1.  Tragulus 
Javanicus. 

Handbuch  der  Petrefactenkunde.  Von  F.  A.  Quenstedt.  late.  Lief.  8vo. 
Conspectus  of  the  Ornithology  of  India,  Burmah  and  the  Malayan  Peninsula, 
&c.  By  E.  Blyth,  Esq. 

Report  on  the  Mammalia  and  more  remarkable  species  of  Birds  inhabiting 
Ceylon.  By  E.  Blyth. 

Narratives  written  by  Sea-Commanders.  No.  1. 

Synopsis  of  the  contents  of  the  Museum  of  the  Royal  College  of  Surgeons  of 
England. 

Anatomie  des  animaux  domestiques.  Par  J.  Girard.  2  vols.  8vo. 

Travels  in  Switzerland,  in  a  series  of  letters  to  Wm.  Melmoth  from  William 
Coxe.  3  vols.  8vo. 

Recreations  in  Agriculture,  Natural  History,  &c.  By  James  Anderson. 
6  vols.  8vo. 

The  Edinburgh  Philosophical  Journal,  conducted  by  Robert  Jamison.  No.  26. 
Histoire  naturelle  des  Insectes  et  des  Mollusques.  Par  A.  Antelme.  12mo. 
Storia  dei  Bachi  da  Seta  governati  cor  nuovi  metodi  nel  1818  nel  Regno  Lom- 
bardo-Veneto.  Del  Conte  Dandolo.  2  vols.  8vo. 

Allgemeine  deutsche  Naturhistorische  Zeitung.  Von  C.  T.  Sachse.  l8te-  u. 
2r-  Jahrgung. 

Caloric;  its  mechanical,  chemical  and  vital  agencies  in  the  phenomena  of 
Nature.  By  S.  L.  Metcalf,  M.  D.  2  vols.  8vo. 

Deutsche  Fauna.  Von  Dr.  M.  B.  Borkhausen.  lr.  thiel.  8vo. 

Geological  Travels.  By  J.  A.  De  Luc.  3  vols.  8vo. 

A  Tour  through  Sicily  and  Malta  in  a  series  of  letters  from  P.  Brydone  to  W. 
Beckford,  Esq.  New  ed.  2  vols.  8vo. 

Deutschlands  Insecten  :  herausg.  von  Dr.  Panzer ;  fortgesetzt  von  Dr.  Herrich- 
Schaffer.  80  parts. 

Palaeontologia  Suecica.  Auctore  N.  P.  Angelini.  Pt.  1,  fascic.  1.  4to. 
Catalogue  of  the  Menagerie  and  Aviary  at  Knowsley. 

Museum  of  Practical  Geology.  Third  Report  on  Coals  suited  to  the  Steam 
Navy.  By  Sir  Henry  de  la  Beche  and  Dr.  L.  Playfair. 

Catalogue  des  Oiseaux  qui  ont  ete  trouves  dans  le  Departement  des  Pyrenees- 
orientales.  Par  M.  Campanyo,  D.  M. 

Catalogue  des  Oiseaux  de  la  Normandie.  Par  C.  G.  Chesnon. 

The  Bibliographer’s  Manual  of  English  Literature.  By  Wm.  T.  Lowndes. 
2  vols. 

Principles  of  Geology.  By  Charles  Lyell.  3  vols.  8vo.  2d  edition. 

Cenni  di  Statistica  Mineralogica  degli  Stati  di  Sardegni.  Par  Di  Vincenzo 
Barrelli.  8vo. 

Narrative  of  the  Surveying  Voyages  of  the  Adventure  and  Beagle  in  1826 — 1836. 
4  vols.  8vo. 

Histoire  du  Chien.  Par  Elzear  Blaze.  8vo. 

Journal  of  the  Royal  Agricultural  Society  of  England.  Vol.  12,  pt.  1. 
Vincentii  Petagnse  Institutiones  Entomologicae.  2  vols.  8vo. 

The  Farrier  and  Naturalist.  2  vols.  8vo. 

History  of  British  Birds.  By  the  Rev.  F.  0.  Morris.  Nos.  14,  15  and  16. 

June  22 d» 

Transactions  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society.  Vol.  10,  pt.  3,  new 
series,  4to.  From  the  Society. 

The  following  were  presented  by  Mr.  Edward  Wilson,  on  the  usual  condition  : 
Peter  Camper’s  Naturgeschichte  des  Orang-Utang,  &c.  4to. 

Spicilegium  observationum  anatomicarum  de  Hyena.  Auctore  C.  G.  E. 
Reimann.  4to. 


xxvi. 


Betrachtung  der  Wunder  Gottes  in  den  am  Wenigsten  geachteten  Geschopfen, 
oder  Neiderlandische  Insekten,  &c.  Yon  Christian  Sepp.  4to. 

Remarkable  ruins  and  romantic  prospects  of  North  Britain,  &,c.  By  Rev. 
Charles  Cordiner  of  Banff.  2  vols.  4to. 

History  and  Delineations  of  the  Horse  in  all  its  varieties.  By  John  Laurence. 
4to. 

Malocostraca  podophthalmata  Britanniae.  By  William  Leach,  M.  D.  Pts.  1 
to  17.  4to. 

Treatise  on  the  management  of  Fresh- water  Fish.  By  Gottleib  Boccius.  8vo. 

Grundzuge  der  Naturlehre  des  Menschen  von  seinem  Werden  bis  zum  Tode. 
Von  Dr.  J.  R.  Bischoff.  8vo. 

Manuel  sur  les  moyens  de  calmer  la  soif  et  de  prevenir  la  fievre.  Par  M. 
Quatremere  Disjoinval.  8vo. 

La  Chasse  du  Loup  necessaire  a  la  Maison  Rustique.  Par  Jean  Clamorgan. 
4to.  1653. 

Nicolai  Baerii  Ornithophonia.  4to.  1695. 

A  descriptive  catalogue  of  a  collection  of  Minerals  in  the  Museum  of  the  Royal 
Dublin  Society.  By  Sir  Charles  L.  Giesecke.  8vo. 

Doctrine  nouvelle  de  la  production  de  l’Homme,  &c.  Par  M.  Tinchant.  8vo. 

Abeilles.  Traite  sur  les  Ruches  a  Pair  libre.  Par  MM.  Martin.  Svo. 

Traite  complet  theorique  et  pratique  sur  les  Abeilles.  Par  M.  Feburier.  8vo. 

A  succinct  account  of  the  Lime  Rocks  of  Plymouth.  By  the  Rev.  Richard 
Hennah.  8vo. 

De  Partus  causis.  Auctore  C.  F.  R.  Reuter.  4to. 

Essai  sur  le  vol  des  Insectes  et  observations  sur  quelques  parties  de  la  meca- 
nique  des  mouvements  progressifs  de  Phomme  et  des  animaux  vertebres.  Par 
le  Chev.  J.  Chabrier.  4to. 

Gisberti  Cuperi  de  Elephantis  in  nummis  obviis  exercitationes  duae.  Folio. 

Catalogues  of  the  Birds,  Shells,  and  some  of  the  more  rare  plants  of  Dorset¬ 
shire.  By  Richard  Pulteney,  M.  D.  Folio. 

Tableaux  synoptiques  des  Lepidopteres  d’Europe.  Par  MM.  de  Yilliers  et 
Guenee.  Tome  1.  4to. 

Essais  geologiques  et  mineralogiques  sur  les  Environs  d’Issoire.  Par  MM.  de 
Chabriol  et  Bouillet.  Folio. 

Practical  Mineralogy.  By  Edward  J.  Chapman.  8vo. 

Reports  on  the  Coal  and  Mineral  Resources  of  India  :  and  observations  on  the 
Neilgherries.  By  R.  Baikie,  Esq.,  M.  D.  (In  one  vol.  8vo.) 

Travels  through  the  Alps  of  Savoy  and  other  parts  of  the  Pennine  Chain.  By 
J.  D.  Forbes.  8vo.  and  Atlas. 

A  Naturalist’s  sojourn  in  Jamaica.  By  Philip  Henry  Gosse.  8vo. 

The  Natural  History  of  Ants.  By  M.  P.  Huber.  Translated  from  the  French 
by  J.  R.  Johnson,  M.  D.  8vo. 

A  system  of  Crystallography.  By  J.  J.  Griffin.  8vo. 

Notes  on  the  Cathedral  Libraries  of  England.  By  Beriah  Botfield.  Svo. 

Catalogue  of  the  London  Library,  No.  12  St.  James’  Square.  By  J.  G.  Coch¬ 
rane.  2d  ed.  8vo. 

De  Phomme  animal.  Par  le  Dr.  Felix  Voisin.  8vo. 

Oryktographia  Hildesheimensis.  Ab  D.  F.  Lachmund.  4to. 

Thoughts  on  Animalcules.  By  G.  A.  Mantell.  4to. 

Sur  P Homme  et  le  develloppement  de  ses  facultes.  Par  A.  Quetelet.  Svo. 

The  Natural  History  of  Hartz  Forest.  By  H.  Behrens,  M.  D.  8vo. 

Alphabetisches  Yerzeichniss  der  bischer  bekannten  Schmetterlinge,  &c.  Von 
Conrad  C.  Jung.  2  vols.  8vo. 

Geo.  Anton  Volkmann’s  P.  und  M.  D.,  Silesia  Subterranea  oder  Schlecten.  4to. 

Journal  of  a  residence  at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.  By  C.  J.  F.  Bunbury.  8vo. 

Bartholomaei  Eustachii  Opuscula  Anatomica.  8vo. 

Catalogue  de  la  collection  Mineralogique,  Geognostique,  &c.,  du  Departement 
de  la  Loire  Inferieure.  Par  F.  R.  A.  Dubuisson.  8vo. 

Essai  sur  l’anatomie  et  la  physiologie  des  Dents,  &c.  Par  A.  Serres.  8vo. 

Historia  Moschi  ad  normam  Acad.  Nat.  Cur.  conscriptaa  L.  S.  Schrockio.  4to. 


xxvn. 


Insecta  Saundersoniana.  By  Francis  Walk«r,  Esq.  Diptera.  Part  2.  8vo. 
Elephas;  das  ist  historischer  und  philosophischer  Discours  von  dem  grossen 
Wunderthierdem  Elephantem.  Durch  Casparum  Hornium.  4to.  1629. 
Memoires  de  l’Acad.  Nationale  de  Metz.  31e-  Annee. 

Lord’s  entire  new  system  of  Ornithology  or  oecumenical  history  of  British 
Birds.  Folio. 

Synopsis  of  the  contents  of  the  British  Museum.  43d,  44th  and  58th  editions  ; 
and  list  of  specimens  of  Dipterous  Insects  in  the  same.  Parts  1  to  4. 


DONATIONS  TO  MUSEUM 
In  July  and  August,  1852. 

July  6th . 

Unio  cariosus  (young)  with  the  byssus,  from  Cleveland,  Ohio ;  Crystals  of 
Sulphate  of  Lime,  from  Mahoning,  Ohio ;  Papilio  ajax;  and  Sylvia  peregrina, 
male  and  female,  from  Cleveland.  Presented  by  Dr.  J.  P.  Kirtland,  of  Cleveland. 
Anatifa - ,  from  Cienfugos.  From  Dr.  Rand. 

Two  specimens  of  Serpula;  Gold  Ore  from  North  Carolina;  Carbonate  of 
Copper,  from  Japan.  From  Dr.  J.  L.  Burtt,  U.  S.  N. 

A  collection  of  Fishes,  Reptiles  and  Crustacea,  from  New  Jersey.  Presented 
by  Mr.  J.  Le  Conte. 

Three  Reptiles  and  two  Millipedes,  from  Demerara.  Presented  by  Mr.  J. 
Krider. 

A  Lithographic  Portrait  of  Mr.  Thomas  Say.  Presented  by  Mrs.  Lucy  W. 
Say. 

July  13th. 

Specimen  of  Sciurus  dorsalis,  Woodhouse,  from  New  Mexico.  From  Mr.  R. 
H.  Kern. 

Trombidium  magnificum  Le  Conte,  from  Texas.  From  Dr.  Woodhouse. 
Twelve  specimens  of  Algae,  from  New  York  Bay.  From  Dr.  Burtt,  U.  S.  N. 
Tutenmergel,  from  Keith’s  Rapids,  Iowa;  and  Fusilina  cylindrica,  from  Mis¬ 
souri.  From  Dr.  D.  D.  Owen. 

Atigust  10  th. 

Fossils  from  the  Drift  in  the  vicinity  of  Philadelphia.  Presented  by  Mr.  R. 
Kilvington. 

Twenty-two  specimens  of  fossil  fishes  and  coprolites;  Albert  Co.,  New  Bruns¬ 
wick.  Presented  by  Drs.  Chas.  Wetherill  and  Jos.  Leidy. 

An  entire  specimen  of  a  fossil  fish,  new  genus  ?  Albert  Co.,  New  Brunswick. 
Presented  by  Ludlow  Robinson,  Esq. 

Fossil  fish;  Albert  Co.,  N.  B.  Presented  by  Mr.  John  Robinson. 

Two  specimens  of  fossil  wood,  three  calamites,  elastic  bitumen,  maltha,  and 
bituminous  shale  ;  Albert  Co.,  N.  B.  Presented  by  Dr.  Joseph  Leidy. 

Two  bottles  containing  a  Heterodon  and  a  number  of  insects.  From  Mrs. 
Say. 

Selenite,  and  three  specimens  of  Aragonite,  Creek  Boundary ;  Cannel  coal,  near 
Jefferson  City;  and  Bituminous  Coal,  from  Verdigris  River.  Presented  by  Dr. 
S.  W.  Woodhouse. 

Three  hundred  and  nine  specimens  of  European  Lepidoptera.  Presented  by 
Prof.  S.  S.  Haldeman. 

Cyanite ;  Chester  Co.,  Pa.  Presented  by  W.  D.  Hartmann. 

Specimens  of  the  Army  Worm,  from  Huntingdon  Co.,  N.  J.  Presented  by  Dr. 
Rand. 

Rhodophyllite  ;  Texas.  Presented  by  Dr.  Le  Conte. 

August  11th. 

Twenty-nine  specimens  of  Ophiocoma  ;  thirteen  do.  of  Solaster ;  twenty-six  do. 
of  Ophiura;  fourteen  do.  of  Asterias  ;  three  do.  of  Cribella;  five  do.  of  Uraster ; 

23 


xxviii. 


two  do.  of  Lygia ;  seven  do.  of  Echinus :  from  the  British  Coast.  Presented  by 
Mr.  E.  Wilson. 

Three  specimens  of  Inachus ;  two  of  Galathea;  four  of  Stenorhynchus  ;  three 
of  Amphidotus ;  six  of  Pinnotheres ;  Crangon,  Idotaea,  Hyas,  Porcellana ;  from 
the  British  Coast.  From  the  same. 

Philyra,  Porcellana,  from  Australia;  four  Crustacea,  (gen.  nov.,)  from  the 
Upper  Amazon;  Amphytrite,  Portumnus,  Charybdis,  Liagonus,  Gelasimus,  Ma- 
cropthalmus,  Pachysoma,  Dorippes,  Eriochis,  Matula,  Platynista,  and  Hela; 
from  Japan.  Presented  by  the  same. 

Fossil  Unio,  from  Virginia.  Presented  by  Prof.  Haldeman. 

Three  Lizards  and  two  Scorpions,  from  Cienfuegos.  From  Mr.  R.  E.  Peterson. 

Augiist  2^tk. 

Twenty-six  specimens  of  Crania  of  Birds,  from  California;  a  specimen  of 

Sciurus - ,  two  of  an  Arvicola,  one  of  a  Pteromys,  and  one  of  Hesperomys, 

from  California.  From  Dr.  A.  L.  Heerman. 

Several  specimens  of  Reptiles,  from  Cuba.  Presented  by  Dr.  Watson. 


DONATIONS  TO  LIBRARY 
In  July  and  August,  1852. 

July  6tk. 

Smithsonian  Contributions  to  Knowledge.  Vols.  3  and  4.  4to.  From  the 
Smithsonian  Institution. 

The  Economy  of  Nature.  By  G.  Gregory,  D.  D.  2d  ed.  3  vols.  8vo.  From 
Mr.  George  Ord. 

Catalogue  of  the  Mammalia  in  the  Museum  of  the  East  India  Co.  8vo.  From 
Dr.  Thomas  Horsfield. 

American  Journal  of  Science  and  Arts,  July,  1852.  From  the  Editors. 
Proceedings  of  the  Boston  Society  of  Natural  History.  Vol.  4.  pp.  177 — 192. 
From  the  Society. 

On  the  Osteology  of  the  Head  of  Hippopotamus,  and  a  description  of  the  Osteo- 
logical  characters  of  a  new  genus  of  Hippopotamidae.  By  Joseph  Leidy,  M.  D. 
From  the  Author. 

Journal  d’Agriculture,  ou  Transactions  de  la  Soc.  d’Agriculture  du  Bas-Canada. 
Vol.  5,  No.  6.  From  the  Society. 

Map  of  the  Territory  of  New  Mexico.  From  the  U.  S.  Topograph.  Bureau 
thro’gh  Col.  J.  J.  Abert. 

Dr.  Wilson  presented  the  following,  on  the  usual  condition : — 

London  Athenaeum  for  May,  1852. 

C-'mptes  Rendus.  Tome  34.  Nos.  18 — 21,  et  index  du  tome  33. 

Conchologia  iconica.  By  Lovell  Reeve.  No.  108. 

Illustrations  of  British  Mycology.  By  Mrs.  T.  J.  Hussey.  2d  series,  part  16. 
London,  Dublin  and  Edinburgh  Philosophical  Magazine  for  June,  1852. 

Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History  for  June,  1852. 

Revue  et  Magasin  de  Zoologie.  1852.  No.  4. 

The  following  were  presented  by  Mr.  Edward  Wilson,  on  the  usual  condition: 
A  Manual  of  the  Mollusca,  or  a  rudimentary  treatise  on  recent  and  fossil  shells. 
By  S.  P.  Woodward.  12mo. 

Anatom isch-physiologische  Untersuchungen  fiber  den  Blutegel.  Von  D.  J. 
Kuntzmann.  8vo. 

Versuch  einer  Zoophysiologie  des  Pferdes  und  der  ubrigen  Haussaugethiere. 
Von  M.  v.  Erdelgi.  8vo. 

A  treat  ise  on  the  causes  and  principles  of  Meteorological  Phenomena.  By 
Graham  Hutchison.  8vo. 

Traite  de  la  couleur  de  la  peau  humaine  en  general  et  de  celle  des  negres  en 
particular.  Par  M.  Lecat.  8vo. 


XXIX. 


Tableaux  comparatifs  de  l’anatomie  des  animaux  domestiques  les  plus  essentiels 
a  l’Agriculture.  Par  J.  Girard.  8vo. 

Essais  mineralogiques  sur  la  Solfatare  de  Pouzzole.  Par  Scipion  Breislak,  &c. 
Philological  proofs  of  the  original  unity  and  recent  origin  of  the  Human  Race. 
By  Arthur  J.  Johnes.  8vo. 

The  Ethnology  of  the  British  Colonies  and  dependencies.  By  R.  G.  Latham, 
M.  D.  12roo.  , 

Catalogue  of  Willan’s  Public  Library,  Liverpool.  8vo. 

A  disquisition  on  the  nature  and  properties  of  Living  Animals.  By  George 
Warren.  8vo. 

Pithecologia :  sive  de  Simiarum  natura  Carminum  libri  duo.  8vo. 

An  introduction  to  the  Atomic  Theory.  By  Charles  Daubeny,  M.  D.  8vo. 
The  British  species  of  Angiocarpous  Lichens.  By  the  Rev.  W.  A.  Leighton. 
Svo. 

J.  F.  Gmelin’s  Abhandlung  uber  die  Wurmtroknis.  8vo. 

Die  Basalt-Gebilde  in  ihren  Beziehungen  zu  normalen  und  abnormen  Felsmas- 
sen.  Von  Karl  C.  von  Leonhard.  2  vols.  8vo. 

Traite  du  Pied  considere  dans  les  animaux  domestiques.  Par  J.  Girard.  Svo. 
Commentatio  de  Mure  domestico,  sylvatico  atque  arvali.  Auctore  Constant 
Nicate.  8vo. 

Sulle  formazione  delle  Rocce  del  Vincentino  saggio  geologico  di  Pietro  Maras- 
chini.  8vo. 

Dello  stato  fisico  del  Suolo  di  Roma.  Di  G.  Brocchi.  8vo. 

History  of  the  extinct  volcanoes  of  the  Basin  of  Neuwied  on  the  Lower  Rhine. 
By  Samuel  Hibbert,  M.  D.  8vo. 

Lectures  on  Natural  and  Experimental  Philosophy.  By  George  Adams.  5 
vols.  8vo. 

Gabinetto  Vesuviano  del  Duca  Della  Torre.  Ed.  3za.  Saggio  di  Litilogia 
Vesuviano,  dal  Cav.  Guiseppe  Gioeni.  (In  one  vol.  8vo.) 

Caroli  Clusii  Atrebatis  Rariorum  Plantarum  historia.  Folio. 

C.  F.  Wolff  fiber  die  Bildung  des  Darmkanals  im  bebrieteten  Huhnchen.  8vo. 
A  Treatise  on  the  Deluge.  By  Alexander  Catcott.  8vo. 

Lehrbuch  der  Vergleichenden  Physiologie  der  Haus-Saugethiere.  Von  Dr. 
E.  F.  Gurlt.  8vo. 

Handbuch  der  Zoologie.  Von  Prof.  Wiegmann  und  F.  Ruthe.  8vo. 

Rambles  of  a  Geologist.  (Hugh  Miller.) 

A  Manual  of  Mineralogy.  8vo. 

A  geological  classification  of  Rocks,  & c.  By  John  Macculloch,  M.  D.  8vo. 
Traite  des  Maladies  Vermineuses.  Par  V.  L.  Brera.  8vo. 

Das  Glozgebirge  Wiirtembergs.  Von  Fr.  Aug.  Quenstedt.  8vo. 

Trattato  delle  Razze  de  Cavalli,  di  Gioanni  Brognone.  8vo. 

J.  T.  Klein  Classification  und  Kurze  Geschichte  der  Vierfussigen  Thiere.  8vo. 
The  nerve  attractive:  showing  the  nature,  properties,  &c.,  of  the  Loadstone. 
By  Robert  Norman.  8vo. 

A  Manual  of  Scientific  Enquiry.  Edited  by  Sir  J.  F.  W.  Herschel.  8vo. 
Storia  di  fenomeni  del  Vesuvio.  Di  F.  Monticelli.  8vo. 

An  account  of  the  Diseases,  Natural  History,  &c.,  of  the  East  Indies.  Trans¬ 
lated  from  the  Latin  of  James  Bontius.  8vo. 

Lehrbuch  der  Pharmaceutischen  Zoologie.  Von  Dr.  T.  W.  C.  Martius.  Svo. 
Physiologie  Intellectuelle,  ou  develloppement  de  la  doctrine  du  Prof.  Gall. 
Par  J.  B.  Demangeon.  2d  ed.  8vo. 

The  Geology  of  the  Island  of  Arran,  from  original  survey.  By  A.  C.  Ramsay. 
Svo. 

Philosophical  observations  on  the  analogy  between  the  propagation  of  Animals 
and  that  of  Vegetables.  By  James  Parsons,  M.  D.  8vo. 

Traite  zoologique  et  physiologique  sur  les  Vers  Intestinaux  de  l’Homme.  Par 
M.  Bremier,  D.  M.  Traduit  de  PAllemand  par  M.  Grundler,  D.  M.  P.  8vo. 

A  Dictionary  of  Arts,  Manufactures  and  Mines.  By  Andrew  Ure,  M.D.  8vo. 


July  13  th. 

Charleston  Medical  Journal  and  Review  for  July,  1852.  From  the  Editors. 
On  the  classihcation  of  Mammalia.  By  Charles  Girard.  From  the  Author. 
Contributions  to  Experimental  Philosophy.  By  Bennett  Bowler,  M.  D. 
From  the  Author. 

Zeitschrift  fur  Zoologie  und  Vergleichende  Anatomie.  Yon  Dr.  J.  Gistl.  From 
the  Author. 

Beschreibung  des  Skelets  des  dreistrufigen  Nachtaffers.  Von  Dr.  Gistl.  From 
the  same. 

Dr.  J.  Gistl  Systema  Insectorum.  8vo.  From  the  same. 

Zeitschrift  fur  Naturgeschichte,  Physiologie,  &c.  Von  Dr.  J.  Gistl.  No.  1. 
1837.  From  the  same. 

Neustes  und  Vollstandigistes  Handbuch  der  Naturgeschichte.  No.  1.  From 
the  same. 

Namen  der  Mitgleider  des  Munchenen  Vereins  fur  Naturkunde.  Von  G. 
Tilesius.  From  the  same. 

Isis.  Encyclopadische  Zeitschrift.  Von  G.  Tilesius.  1850.  Nos.  1,  2,  4,  6. 
From  the  same. 

Mr.  Edward  Wilson  presented  the  following,  on  the  usual  condition  : — 
Letters  on  the  Natural  History  of  the  Insects  mentioned  in  Shakspeare’s  Plays. 
By  Robert  Patterson.  12mo. 

Elaphographia  sive  Cervi  descriptio  a  Johanne  A.  Graba.  12mo. 

Myographiae  comparatae  specimen.  By  James  Douglass,  M.  D.  12mo. 

Essay  on  the  natural  history,  origin,  &c.,  of  Mineral  and  Thermal  Springs.  By 
Meredith  Gairdner,  M.  D.  12mo. 

A.  G.  Schirach’s  Naturliche  Geschichte  der  Erd-Feld-oder  Ackerschneckten. 
8vo. 

F.  A.  Cartheuser  Rudimenta  Oryctographiae.  8vo. 

An  Essay  on  Generation.  By  J.  F.  Blumenbach,  M.  D.  8vo. 

Kurze  Anleitung  Insecten  zu  sammlen  entworfen  von  A.  C.  Kuhn.  8vo. 
Prodromi  Monographiae  Cheloniorum  sectio  prima  et  secunda.  Auctore  A.  F. 
Schweigger. 

Lectures  on  Animal  Physiology.  By  B.  T.  Lowne.  8vo. 

Prodromus  Faunae  Rossicae.  1.  Mammalia.  Auctore  J.  Dwdgubski.  8vo. 
Systematische  Beschrijving  van  einige  Insekten  van  Noord-Nederland.  Door 
J.  Van  der  Hooven.  8vo. 

Recherches  sur  le  mecanisme  de  la  voix  humaine.  Par  F.  Bennati.  8vo. 
Compendio  di  Elmintografia  umana  compilato  da  S.  Delle  Chiaje.  8vo. 
liber  den  eigenthumlichen  Bau  des  Gehorganges  bei  einigen  Saugethieren. 
Von  Dr.  E.  Miram.  8vo. 

Entomologische  Versuche.  Von  Christian  Creutzer.  8vo. 

Nouveau  Traite  des  Robes :  ou  nuances  chez  le  Cheval,  l’Ane,  et  le  Mulet. 
Par  V.  Brivet.  8vo. 

Naumannia.  Archiv  fur  die  Ornithologie  vorzugsweise  Europa’s.  Von  E. 
Baldanus.  Heft.  4. 

Le  conservation  des  Abeilles.  Par  J.  D.  Gelieu.  8vo. 

A.  De  Haen,  &c.  Tractatus  de  Vermibus  Intestinorum  et  Ictero.  Edidit  F. 
de  Wasserburg.  8vo. 

G.  T.  Soemmering  iiber  die  korperliche  Verscheidenheit  des  Negres  von  Eu- 
ropaer.  8vo. 

Caroli  Clusii  Atrebatis  Curae  Posteriores.  4to-  1611. 

Museo  di  Fisica  e  di  Esperienze  di  osservazione  naturali,  &c.,  di  Don  Paulo 
Boccone.  4to. 

P.  F.  Gmelin  Otia  Botanica.  4to. 

Georgii  Baglivi  Opera  Omnia.  4to. 

D.  G.  C.  Petri  ab  Hartenfels  Elephantographia  curiosa.  4to. 

Traite  de  ^education  economique  des  Abeilles.  Par  M.  Ducarne-Blangy. 
Nouv.  ed.  12mo. 

J.  S.  Elsholtii  Anthropometria.  12mo. 


xxxi. 


De  Antennis  Insectorum  dissertatio  prior.  Ab  M.  C.  G.  Lehman.  12mo. 
Entomographie.  Histoire  nat.  des  Lepidopteres.  Par  M.  Lebreux.  12mo. 
Seven  Lectures  on  Meteorology.  By  Luke  Howard.  12mo. 

Ueber  das  bisher  bezweifelte  Daseyn  des  Rattenkbniges.  Von  J.  J.  Beller- 
mann.  12mo. 

Pinax  Rerum  Naturalium  Britannicarum.  Authore  Chr.  Merrett.  12mo.  1666. 
Memoirs  for  the  Natural  History  of  the  Humane  Blood.  Ey  Hon.  Robert 
Boyle.  12mo.  1634. 

Relation  du  Voyage  de  M.  Isbrand  a  PEmpereur  de  la  Chine  en  1692,  *3,  J4. 
Par  le  Sieur  Adam  Brand.  12mo. 

Esquisses  Jmtomologiques.  Par  M.  PAbbe  J.  J.  Bourasse.  2d  ed.  8vo. 

Man  and  his  Migrations.  By  R.  G.  Latham,  M.  D.  12mo. 

Rudimentary  treatise  on  Mineralogy  for  the  use  of  beginners.  By  D.  Varley. 
12mo. 

The  Natural  History  of  the  Year.  By  A  rthur  Aiken.  8vo. 

N.  D.  RiegePs  Philosophiae  Animalium  fascic.  lmus  de  Erinaceo. 
Naturgeschichte  des  Hamsters.  Von  Dr.  C.  A.  Buhle.  8vo. 

Versuche  iiber  die  Herkunst  des  Borken-Kafers.  Von  T.  F.  R.  Steiner.  12mo. 
De  la  Taupe  et  des  moyens  de  la  detruire.  Par  A.  Alexis  Cadet  de  Vaux. 
2d  ed.  8vo. 

Ueber  den  Menschen  und  seine  Hoffnung  einer  Fortdauer  vom  Standpunkte  des 
Naturforschers.  Von  Dr.  T.  H.  T.  v.  Autenreith.  8vo. 

L’Entomologie  ;  ou  Phistoire  naturelle  des  Insectes.  8vo. 

Miscellanies.  By  the  Hon.  D.  Barrington.  4to. 

Observations  on  Fossil  Vegetables.  By  Henry  Witham,  Esq.  4to. 

A  Voyage  of  Discovery  to  the  North  Pacific  Ocean  in  1795 — ’98.  By  Wm.R. 
Broughton.  4to. 

Amaenitatum  Exoticarum  politico-physico-medicarum  fascic.  5.  Auctore 
Engelberti  Kaempfero.  4to. 

De  Thermis  Andreas  Bacci  Elpidiani  Libri  septem.  Folio. 

D.  J.  Davidis  Schcepff  Historia  Testudinum.  Pts.  1 — 3.  Folio. 

Travels  through  Spain.  By  J.  Talbot  Dillon.  4to. 

Des  Vier-Larmands  Eq.  Olassens  und  des  Landphysici  Bi.  Powelson’s  Reise 
durch  Island.  2  vols.  4to. 

The  Creation  of  the  World.  By  William  Cockburn,  D.  D. 

July  20 tk. 

Annales  des  Mines.  5me-  serie,  tome  1.  lme-  liv.  de  1852.  From  l’Ecole  des 
Mines. 

Briefe  aus  Aegypten,  Aethiopien  und  der  Halbinsel  des  Sinai.  Von  Richard 
Lepsius.  8vo.  From  the  Author. 

The  following  were  presented  by  Dr.  Wilson  on  the  usual  condition : 

Voyage  a  la  Martinique  contenant  observations  faitesen  1752  et  an.  suivantes. 
Par  T.  de  Charvallon.  4to. 

Traite  de  Phrenologie  humaine  et  comparee  par  J.  Vimont.  2  vols  4to.  and 
atlas,  folio. 

Memoire  geologique  sur  l’Allemagne.  Par  A.  Boue.  4to. 

Illustrations  Conchyliologiques.  Par  M.  Chenu.  Liv.  84,  folio. 

La  Turquie  d’Europe.  Par  Ame  Boue.  4  vols.  8vo. 

Anatomie  comparee  du  systeme  nerveux.  Par  F.  Leuret.  Vol.  1,  and  atlas 
Nos.  1  and  2. 

Anatomie  microscopique.  Par  le  Dr.  Louis  Mandl.  Vol.  1,  and  Nos.  1—5 
vol  2,  folio. 

Histoire  naturelle  des  Quinquinas.  Par  M.  H.  A.  Weddell,  folio. 

Traite  de  Mineralogie.  Par  A  Dufrenoy,  4  vols.  8vo. 

Essai  sur  les  mceurs  et  l’esprit  des  nations.  Par  Voltaire,  4  vols.  8vo. 
Introduction  a  PAtlas  Ethnographique  du  Globe.  Par  Adrien  Balbi.  Svo.  and 
Atlas,  folio. 

Histoire  gen.  et  partic.  des  Anomalies  de  l’Organization  chez  Phomme  et  les 
animaux.  3  vols.  and  atlas,  8vo. 


xxxii. 


Archiv  fur  die  Physiologie.  Von  D.  J.  Christ.  Reil.  12  vols.  8vo. 

Archiv  fur  Anatomie,  Physiologie,  &c.  Yon  D.  Johann  Muller,  1848,  1849, 
1850.  8vo. 

Traite  de  Physiologie.  Par  F.  A.  Longet.  Yol.  2,  8vo. 

Memoires  de  la  Societe  Nationale  des  Sciences,  &c.  de  Lille,  1850.  8vo. 
Systematisches  Conchylien-Cabinet  von  Martini  und  Chemnitz.  Von  H.  C. 
Kiister.  1  Band,  heft  41. 

Journal  of  the  Franklin  Institute,  July  1852. 

London  Athenaeum  for  June  1852. 

Revue  Entomologique.  Vols.  3,  4,  5. 

Tableau  Phrenologique  du  Crane  (Dr.  Debout.) 

De  Pinstinct  et  de  Pintelligence  des  animaux.  Par  P.  Flourens.  3me. 
ed.  8vo. 

Histoire  naturelle  des  Vers.  Par  L.  A.  G.  Bose.  2d  ed.  3  vols.  18mo. 
Annales  de  Chimie  et  de  Physique.  1st  and  2nd  series  complete,  and  3d  series 
to  1852.  126  vols.  8vo. 


August  3d. 

Narrative  of  the  voyages  and  services  of  the  Nemesis  from  1840  to  1843. 
From  notes  by  Com.  W.  H.  Hall,  R.N.,  with  additional  observations  by  Wm. 
D.  Bernard.  2d  ed.  8vo.  From  Dr.  J.  L.  Burtt,  U.  S.  N. 

Journal  of  the  Indian  Archipelago  and  Eastern  Asia,  vol.  6,  No.  2.  From 
the  Editor. 

On  the  fossil  remains  of  Reptiles  and  of  Chelonian  foot-tracks  from  the  De¬ 
vonian  strata  of  Morayshire.  By  Capt.  L.  Brickenden  and  Gideon  A.  Mantell. 
From  the  Authors. 

Journal  d’Agriculture,  ou  Transactions  de  la  Societe  d’Agriculture  du  Bas- 
Canada,  vol.  5,  No.  7.  From  the  Society. 

Catalogus  Florae  Ludovicianae.  Auctore  J.  L.;Riddell,  M.D.  From  the  Author. 
Introductory  Lecture  delivered  Nov.  18,  1851,  before  the  medical  class  of  the 
University  of  New  Orleans.  By  J.  L.  Riddell,  M.D.  From  the  same. 

Annals  of  the  New  York  Lyceum  of  Natural  History,  vol.  5,  Nos.  7  and  8. 
From  the  Lyceum. 

Memoires  de  la  Societe  Nationale  des  Sciences,  &c.  de  Lille.  Annee  1850. 
From  the  Society. 

Exploration  and  Survey  of  the  Valley  of  the  Great  Salt  Lake  of  Utah.  By 
Cept.  Howard  Stansbury,  U.  S.  Top.  Eng.  8vo.  and  map.  From  the  author. 

A  second  copy  of  the  same.  From  Col.  J.  J.  Abert,  U.  S.  A. 

Official  Report  of  the  U.  S.  Expedition  to  explore  the  Dead  Sea  and  the  River 
Jordan.  By  Lieut.  Wm.  F.  Lynch,  U.  S.  N.  4to.  From  the  author. 

A  complete  course  of  Meteorology.  By  L.  F.  Kaemtz,  with  notes  by  C.  B. 
Walker.  8vo.  From  Dr.  Burtt,  U.  S.  N. 

The  following  were  presented  by  Dr.  Wilson  on  the  usual  condition : 

Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History  for  July,  1852. 

Comptes  Rendus.  Tome  34,  Nos.  22 — 26. 

Conchologia  iconica.  By  Lovell  Reeve.  No.  101. 

Illustrations  of  British  Mycology,  By  Mrs.  T.  J.  Hussey.  2d  series,  parts  15 
and  16. 

Zur  Geschichte  der  K.  Leopold,  Carolin.  Akad.  der  Naturforscher.  Von  Dr. 
D.  G.  Keiser. 

Abhandlung  fiber  die  Beschaffenheit  und  Verhiiltnisse  der  Fossilen  Flora  in 
den  verscheidenen  Steinkohlen  Ablagerungen  eines  und  desselben  Reviers.  Von 
Dr.  C.  C.  Beinert  und  Dr.  H.  R.  Goeppert.  4to. 

Monographic  der  Fossilen  Coniferen  mit  beriicksichtigung  der  Lebenden.  Von 
H.  R.  Goeppert.  4 to. 

Die  Mastodonsaurier  im  Griinen  Keupersandsteine  Wiirtemberg’s  sind  Batra- 
chier.  Von  F.  A.  Quenstedt.  4to. 

A  history  of  British  Mollusca  and  their  Shells.  By  Prof.  Forbes  and  S.  Han¬ 
ley.  Part  47. 


XXX111. 


Revue  et  Magasin  de  Zoologie,  1852,  No.  5. 

Annulatorum  Danicorum  Conspectus.  Auctore  A.  S.  Orsted.  Fascic  1, 
Maricolae.  8vo. 


August  10  th. 

Proceedings  of  the  Boston  Society  of  Natural  History,  vol.  4,  pp.  193 — 208. 
From  the  Society. 

Transactions  of  the  Linnean  Society  of  London,  vol.  21,  part  1 ;  Proceedings 
of  the  same,  Nos.  45,  46,  47  ;  and  List  of  the  Society  for  1851.  From  the 
Society. 

An  account  of  six  years’  residence  in  Hudson’s  Bay,  from  1733 — ’36,  and 
1744 — ’47.  By  Joseph  Robson.  Svo.  From  Prof.  Haldeman,  in  exchange. 

Travels  in  the  interior  of  Africa  from  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  to  Morocco 
from  the  year  1781  to  ’97.  Translated  from  the  German  of  C.  F.  Damberger. 
8vo.  From  the  same. 

Chourtka ;  genre  nouveau  de  Gallinacees  decouvert  et  decrit  par  Victor  Mot- 
schoulski.  From  the  same. 

Report  on  the  Agricultural  capabilities  of  the  Province  of  New  Brunswick. 
By  J.  F.  W.  Johnston,  F.  R.  S.  2d  ed.  From  M.  H.  Perley,  Esq. 

Reports  on  the  Sea  and  River  Fisheries  of  New  Brunswick.  By  M.  H.  Per¬ 
ley,  Esq.  2d  ed.  8vo.  From  the  author. 

The  following  were  presented  by  Mr.  Edward  Wilson,  on  the  usual  condition  : 

Notice  of  a  collection  of  Mammalia,  Birds  and  Reptiles,  procured  at  or  near 
the  station  of  Cherra  Punje  in  the  Khasin  Hills  north  of  Sylhet.  By  E. 
Blyth,  Esq. 

Catechismo  sulla  piu  utile  educazione  delle  Api  nel  Gran-Ducato  di  Toscana 
dal  Padre  Gaetano  H.  Da  Buda.  8vo. 

Insecta  Britannica.  Diptera,  vol.  1.  By  Francis  Walker.  8vo. 

Systema  Reptilium.  Auctore  Leopoldo  Fitzinger.  Fas.  1.  Amblyglossae.  8vo. 

Anatomisch-physiolog.  uebersicht  des  Thierreichs  Vergleichende  Anat.  und 
Physiol.  Von  E.  Bergn^mn  und  R.  Leuckart.  2e  lief.  8vo. 

A  general  history  of  Animalcules.  By  Andrew  Pritchard.  2d  ed. 

Transactions  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  London.  New  series,  vol.  1, 
part  7,  and  Proceedings  of  the  same.  pp.  97 — 112. 

Catalog,  der  Kaefer-Sammlung.  Von  Jacob  Sturm.  8vo. 

Synopsis  of  the  contents  of  the  British  Museum.  3d.  edit.  8vo. 

Le  Fenix,  ou  l’oiseau  de  Soleil.  Par  Antoine  Metral.  12mo. 

Notice  sur  les  collections  dont  se  compose  le  Musee  de  Troyes.  12mo. 

Der  Vogelfanger  und  Vogelwarter.  Von  D.  J.  Tscheiner.  8vo. 

Reisen  in  verschiedne  Provinzen  des  Konigreichs  Neapel.  Von  C.  M.  von 
Salis  Marschlins.  Vol.  1.  8vo. 

Allgemeine  Naturgeschichte  fur  alle  Stande.  Von  Prof.  Oken.  13  vols.,  and 
Atlas.  8vo. 

Travels  in  South  America,  during  the  years  1819,  ’20,  ’21.  By  Alexander 
Caldcleugh.  2  vols.  8vo. 

Venerie  Normandie.  Par  M.  le  Verrier  de  la  Conterie.  8vo. 

Die  Schmetterlinge  Sachsens.  Von  F.  Ochsenheimer.  lerthiel.  8vo. 

Des  Ritters  Carl  von  Linne  Vollstandigen  Natursystems  fortsetzung  von  Dr. 
Johann  Wolf.  2  vols.  8vo. 

Bibliosraphia  palaeontologica  Animalium  systematica.  Auctore  G.  Fischer 
de  Waldheim.  8vo. 

Phalainologia  nova.  Auctore  R.  Sibbald.  8vo. 

Handbuch  der  Naturgeschichte.  Von  Hermann  Burmeister.  8vo. 

Ueber  den  Generationwecbsel.  Von  Joh.  J.  Sm.  Steenstrup.  8vo. 

Linnaea  Entomologica.  6  band.  8vo. 

L’Art  d’empailler  les  Oiseaux.  Par  M.  Mouton-Fontenille.  8vo. 

Saggio  di  fenomeni  antropologici  relativi  al  tremuoto.  Dali’  Ab***  S***.  8vo. 

An  enquiry  into  the  natural  history,  medical  properties,  &c.,  of  the  Rock  Oil, 
or  green  mineral  Naphtha  of  Barbadoes.  By  C.  H.  Wilkinson,  M.  D.  8vo. 


XXXIV. 


Observations  on  the  Zoonomia  of  Erasmus  Darwin,  M.  D.  By  Thomas  Brown, 
Esq.  8vo. 

Memoires  de  l’Academie  des  Sciences,  &c.,  de  Dijon.  1819,  ’20,  ’24,  ’25,  ’27, 
’29,  ’38  and  ’41. 

Wurtembergische  naturwissenschaftliche  Jahreshefte.  1845,  1851. 

Maria  Syhilla  Meriaen  over  de  voortteeling  en  Wonderbaerlyke  Veranderingen 
der  Surinamsche  Iusecten.  De  Europische  Insecten  door  M.  S.  Meiian,  (in  one 
vol.  folio.) 

Histoire  des  Insectes  de  l’Europe  par  Marie  Sibille  Merian.  Traduite  du  Hol- 
landois  en  Francois  par  Jean  Marrett.  Folio. 

Planches  coloriees  des  Oiseaux  de  la  Belgique  et  de  leurs  oeufs.  Par  Ch.  F. 
Dubois.  Nos.  1 — 10.  8vo. 


August  2\th. 

Naturgeschichte  der  Insekten.  Von  P.  Fr.  Bouche.  l8te  lief.  8vo. 

Die  Gebirge  des  Konigreichs  Wurtemberg  in  besonderer  Beziehung  und 
Halurgie.  Von  Friedrich  von  Alberti.  8vo. 

Grundziige  der  philosophischen  Botanik  von  F.  T.  Kiitzing.  1  band.  8vo. 

An  account  of  animal  secretion,  the  quantity  of  blood  in  the  humane  body,  and 
muscular  motion.  By  James  Keill,  M.  D.  Svo.  1708. 

Zoologia  Medicinalis  Hibernica.  By  James  Keogh.  8vo. 

Abrege  de  Geologie.  Par  J.  Andre  de  Luc.  8vo. 

Helvetische  Zoologie.  Von  George  L.  Hartmann.  8vo. 

Nouveau  manuel  complet  de  l’observateur  du  Microscope.  Par  M.  Dujardin. 
8vo.,  and  Atlas. 

Monographic  des  Hundes.  Von  Theodore  Getz.  8vo. 

Fish  in  rivers  and  streams.  By  G.  Boccius.  Svo. 

Untersuchungen  fiber  den  Flug  der  Vogel.  Von  J.  J.  Prechtl.  8vo. 

De  Balaena  et  Calamosyringe.  Additamenta  ad  Saxoniae  Palaeologiam  dua 
scripsit  Dr.  A.  Petzholdt. 

Godofredi  Bidloo  observatio  de  animalculis  in  ovi^io  aliorumque  animan- 
tium  hepate  detectis.  4to. 

Outlines  of  the  natural  history  of  Ireland  and  Great  Britain.  By  John  Berken- 
horst,  M.  D.  3  vols.  8vo. 

Taxidermie.  Von  J.  Fr.  Naumann.  8vo. 

The  natural  history  of  the  Silk-worm.  2d  edition.  By  John  Murray.  8vo. 

Description  des  Microscopes  achromatiques  simplifies.  Par  N.  P.  Lerebours. 
2d  ed.  8vo. 

J.  Karl  Wm.  Illiger’s  versuch  einer  systematischen  vollstandigen  Termino- 
logie  fur  die  Thierreich  und  Pflanzenreich.  8vo. 

Graptolites  de  Boheme.  Par  Joachim  Barrande. 

On  the  ventilation  of  mines.  By  Benjamin  Gibbons.  8vo. 

Human  longevity.  By  James  Easton.  Svo. 

Relazioni  d’alcuni  viazzi  fatti  in  diversa  parti  della  Toscana  dal  Dr.  Gio.  Tar- 
gioni  Tozzetti.  Ed.  2da.  12  vols.  8vo. 

Leonharti  Rauwolfen  des  Arzney  Doctorn  und  bestelten  Medici  zu  Augspuig. 
4to. 

Die  Kafer  der  Mark  Brandenberg  beschreiben  von  W.  F.  Erichson.  1  band. 
4to. 

Handbog  i  Physiologien.  Af  D.  F.  Eschricht.  8vo. 

A  Theatre  of  political  Flying-Insects,  wherein  especially  the  nature,  w'orth, 
&c.,  of  the  Bee  is  discovered  and  described.  By  Samuel  Purchas.  4to. 

Anleitung  zum  Gebranche  des  Mikroskops  fur  Aerzte,  Naturforscher  und 
Freunde  der  Natur.  Von  Dr.  A.  Moser.  8vo. 

Joyfull  newes  out  of  the  newe  found  worlde.  By  J.  Frampton.  4to.  1577. 

M.  D.  S.  Buttner’s  Rudera  Diluvii  Testes.  4to. 

De  Myriapodum  partibus  genitalibus.  Auctore  Dr.  F.  Stein.  Folio. 

Beitrage  zur  Naturgeschichte  der  Turbellarien.  Von  Dr.  Max.  Sig.  Shultze. 
late,  abtheilung.  4to. 

Beytrage  zur  Geschichte  der  Vogel.  Von  J.  F.  von  Jacquin.  4to. 


XXXV. 


Specimina  Zoologica  Mozambrica  cura  J.  Jos.  Bianconi.  Nos.  1 — 3.  4to. 
Ueber  den  Raupenfraup  und  Bindbruck  in  den  K.  Preuss.  Forsten  in  den 
Jahren  1791 — 1794.  Von  C.  W.  Hennert.  4to. 

Zur  Anatomie  und  Physiologie  der  Kiemenwiirmer.  Von  Dr.  Adolph  Ed. 
Grube.  4to. 

Anatomische  Untersuchungen  fiber  die  Edentaten.  Von  Win.  Von  Rapp. 
2d  ed.  4to. 

D.  C.  Christ.  Schmeidel  descriptio  Itineris  per  Helvetiam,  Galliam  et  Germa¬ 
nise  partem,  an.  1773,  1774.  4to. 

Narrative  of  a  Journey  into  Khorasan  in  the  years  1821,  1822.  By  Jas.  B. 
Fraser.  4to. 

De  fabrica  et  usu  Antennarum  in  Insectis.  Auctore  W.  F,  Erichson. 


DONATIONS  TO  MUSEUM 
In  September  and  October,  1852. 

September  1th. 

Fifty-eight  specimens,  comprising  thirty-four  species  of  Crustacea,  from 
Moreton  Bay,  Australia  ;  Boltonia  Australis  from  New  Zealand  ;  two  species  of 
Hippocampus  from  the  Mediterranean  and  coast  of  Africa ;  three  specimens  of 
Dipsas  nodosus,  from  China  ;  twenty-four  specimens  of  17  species  of  Shells 
from  various  localities  ;  Rostellaria  ampla,  and  18  fossils  from  the  Bennett  col¬ 
lection.  Presented  by  Mr.  Edward  Wilson. 

Thirty-one  Sterna  of  Birds.  Presented  by  M.  Verreaux,  of  Paris. 

Five  Sterna  of  Birds.  Presented  by  M.  de  la  Berge,  of  Paris. 

Two  Eggs  of  Faldo  Eleanorae,  from  Algiers.  From  Gen.  Levaillant,  of  Paris. 

Several  British  Zoophytes.  From  Mr.  M’Andrew,  of  England. 

Two  specimens  of  Ardea  minuta,  one  of  Cuculus  glandularius,  one  of  Otus 
brachyotus,  one  of  Circus  aeruginosus,  two  of  Gallinula  crex,  one  of  Falco  sub- 
buteo,  and  one  of  Circaetus  gallicus.  Collected  by  Commander  Lynch,  U.  S. 
N.,  during  the  late  U.  S.  Expedition  to  the  Dead  Sea,  and  presented  by  the  Se¬ 
cretary  of  the  Navy  through  him. 

Two  Eggs  of  Haematopus - ,  eight  Crustacea,  several  fishes  from  Great 

Egg  Harbor,  N.  J.;  also  several  coleopterous  insects.  Presented  by  Mr. 
Charles  C.  Ashmead. 

Dipodomys  Phillipsii  ?  Hesperomys  Heermanni  Le  Conte  ;  Pica  Nuttalli ;  and 
three  crania  ;  all  from  California.  Presented  by  Dr.  A.  L.  Heermann. 

September  14  th. 

Ninety  specimens  of  48  species  of  Shells,  (many  of  them  new,)  of  the  genera 
Helix,  Planorbis,  Cyclostoma,  Cylindrella  and  Helecina,  from  St.  Domingo;  20 
specimens  of  the  genera  Cyclostoma,  Bulimus,  Achatina,  from  Ceylon ;  two 
species  of  Helix,  from  Porto  Cabello.  Presented  by  Edward  Wilson,  Esq. 

Two  specimens  of  Mytilus,  from  California.  From  Dr.  A.  L.  Heermann. 

Productus  scabriculus,  from  Tioga  County,  Penn.  F rom  Mr.  Charles  E.  Smith. 

Forty  specimens  of  Marine  Algae,  from  Beesley’s  Point,  N.  J.  From  Mr. 
Samuel  Ashmead. 

September  21  st. 

Mustela - ,  and  Eggs  of  19  species  of  Birds  from  California.  From  Dr. 

Heermann. 

Tooth  of  Cbarcharcdon  megalodon,  from  the  Marl  of  New  Jersey.  From 
Dr.  George  Spackman. 

A  large  collection,  in  'spirits,  of  British  Holothuridae  and  Annelida? ;  Crusta¬ 
cea  from  the  coast  of  Guinea;  from  the  Arctic  Sea  (several  new;)  from  Japan 


xxxvi. 


and  from  Ceylon  ;  also,  British  Shells,  Eggs  of  European  Birds  ;  Egg  of  Mega- 
cephalon  maleo,  from  the  Celebes ;  Aphrodita  and  Asterias  from  the  Arctic 
Sea  ;  Asterias  from  the  British  coast;  Dipsas  plicatus  and  D.  discoideus,  from 
China,  Presented  by  Edward  Wilson,  Esq. 

October  5th. 

Luidia  Holmesii,  and  Comatula  scabra,  from  the  coast  of  South  Carolina. 
Presented  by  Prof.  S.  F.  Holmes, 

A  large  and  fine  collection  of  California  Plants,  170  specimens  of  Lepi- 
doptera  from  California,  and  35  specimens  of  American  Reptiles.  From  Dr.  A. 
L.  Heermann. 

Esquimaux  Skin  Cloak,  from  the  North  West  coast  of  America.  Presented 
by  Mr.  James  H.  Watmougb,  [J.  S.  N. 

A  singularly  folded  slab  of  Gneiss.  Presented  by  Aubrey  H.  Smith,  Esq. 

October  \2th. 

Fossil  wood,  Shell  limestone  and  Shark’s  teeth  from  Parana  R.,  S.  A.  Pre¬ 
sented  by  Dr.  H.  W.  Kennedy. 

Ostrea - ,  From  Mr.  J.  Gilliams. 

A  collection,  in  spirits,  of  Fishes  and  Reptiles,  principally  American.  Pre¬ 
sented  by  Mr.  Fahnestock. 

Squilla  empusa  Say,  from  Rhode  Island.  From  Mr.  S.  Powel. 

October  19  th. 

Agate  Pebbles,  from  Buenos  Ayres,  and  Fossil  Ostrea  from  the  Parana,  South 
America.  Presented  by  Dr.  H.  W.  Kennedy. 

Two  hundred  and  eighty-two  species,  including  136  genera  of  Crustacea; 
being  the  remainder  of  the  collection  of  M.  Guerin-Meneville.  Presented  by 
Dr.  T.  B.  Wilson. 

Tropidonotus  concinnus,  and  Hyla  scapularis.  Presented  by  Dr.  Shumard,  of 
St.  Louis. 

Twelve  specimens  of  Minerals  from  Central  Europe,  viz.,  Molybdate  of  Lead, 
Tourmaline  in  Chlorite  Gypsum,  Sphene  in  Hornblende,  Anhydrite  Anthra- 
conite,  Epidote,  Tripyline,  Perikline,  Braunite,  Pink  Apophyllite,  Beryl.  Pre¬ 
sented  by  Mr.  William  S.  Vaux. 

A  splendid  specimen  of  the  new  Red  Molybdate  of  Lead  with  Phosphate  of 
Lead,  from  Wheatley  Mine,  Chester  Co.,  Penn.  Presented  by  Mr.  Charles  M. 
Wheatley. 


DONATIONS  TO  LIBRARY 
In  September  and  October,  1852. 

September  1th . 

Journal  of  the  Indian  Archipelago  and  Eastern  Asia,  vol.  6,  No.  3.  From 
the  Editor. 

American  Journal  of  Science  and  Arts,  Sept.,  1852.  From  the  Editors. 

Proceedings  of  the  American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science, 
5th  Meeting,  May,  1852.  8vo.  Dep.  by  Dr.  Elwyn. 

Proceedings  of  the  American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science, 
6th  Meeting,  Aug.,  1S52.  8vo.  From  the  Association. 

Annals  of  the  Lyceum  of  Natural  History  of  New  York,  vol.  5,  Nos.  9 — 14. 
8vo.  From  the  Lyceum. 

Catalogue  of  Shells  collected  at  Panama,  with  Notes  on  their  Synonymy  and 
geographical  distribution.  By  C.  B.  Adams.  8vo.  From  the  Author. 

Another  copy  of  same  in  4to.  From  the  same. 

Dr.  Wilson  presented  the  following  on  the  usual  condition  : — 

London,  Dublin  and  Edinburgh  Philosophical  Magazine,  August,  1852. 


xxx  vii. 


Journal  of  the  Franklin  Institute,  August,  1852. 

Revue  et  Magasin  de  Zoologie,  1852.  No.  6. 

Zeitschrift  fur  Malakazoologie.  Von  K.  T.  Menke,  M.  D.,  und  Dr.  L.  Pfeif¬ 
fer.  1852,  Nos.  4,  5,  6. 

Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History,  April,  1852. 

<  omptes  Rendus,  Tome  35,  Nos.  1 — 4. 

London  Athenaum  for  July,  1852. 

Die  Tertiiirflora  der  Neidersheidnischen  Braun-Kohlenformation.  Von  Dr. 
Med.C.  Otto  Weber.  4to. 

Palaeontographica.  Beitrage  zur  Naturgeschichte  der  Vorwelt.  Von  W.  Dunker 
und  A.  von  Meyer.  2  band,  5  lief.  4to. 

Die  Bryozoen  der  Maestrichter  Kreidebildung  von  Dr.  Fr.  von  Hagenow.  4to. 
The  following  were  presented  by  Mr.  Edward  Wilson: 

Ueber  den  Bau  des  Wasserkalbes  (Gordius  aquaticus.)  Von  A.  A.  Bertbold. 
System  der  Urweltlichen  Pflanzenthiere.  Von  Heinrich  G.  Bronn.  Folio. 

Die  Labyrinthodonten  aus  dem  bunten  Sandstein  von  Bernburg.  Von  Dr.  H. 
Burmeister.  lste.  abth.  Folio. 

Descriptive  Catalogue  of  the  Pathological  specimens  in  the  Royal  College  of 
Surgeons  of  England,  vols.  1 — 5.  4to. 

List  of  Specimens  of  Skeletons  in  the  Royal  College  of  Surgeons  of  London, 
by  John  Queckett ;  of  Osteological  Specimens,  by  the  same  ;  of  Reptiles  and 
Fishes,  by  W.  Crozier  ;  of  specimens  of  Natural  Structures,  by  the  same  ;  of 
Mammalia  and  Birds,  by  W.  A.  Hillman;  of  Invertebrata,  by  the  same;  5 
parts  4to. 

Dissertatio  Zoologica  inauguralis  de  Tardigradis.  Auctore  Antonius  Brants. 
4to. 

Die  Land-Siisswasser-und  See-C©nchylien.  Von  Dr.  A.  B.  Reichenbach. 
Royal  8vo. 

The  Narrative  of  a  Voyage  of  Discovery  performed  in  H.  M.  S.  Lady  Nelson, 
in  1800 — 1802,  to  New  South  Wales.  By  James  Grant.  4to. 

Oriental  Field  Sports.  By  Capt.  Thos.  Williamson.  2  vols.  4to. 

Lettres  sur  les  Revolutions  du  Globe.  Par  M.  Alex-  Bertrand.  5th  ed.  12mo. 
Catalogo  ragionato  di  una  raccolta  di  Rocce  per  servire  alia  Geognosia  deli’ 
Italia.  Di  G.  Brocchi.  8vo. 

Narrative  of  the  Voyage  of  H.  M.  S.  Rattlesnake  during  the  years  1846 — 
1850.  By  John  Macgillivray.  2  vols.  8vo. 

Beitrag  zu  einer  Monographie  des  Bunten-Sandsteins,  Muschelkalks  und  Keu- 
pers.  Von  F.  von  Alberti.  8vo. 

Natuigeschichte  fur  Volkschulen.  Von  F.  Baumann.  8vo. 

Monographie  der  Gattung  Pezomachus.  Von  A.  Foerster.  8vo. 

A  Mechanical  account  of  Poisons.  By  Richard  Mead,  M.  D.  8vo. 

Das  Mikroskop  und  seine  Anwendung  insbesondere  fur  Pflanzen. — Anat.  u. 
Physiol.  Von  H.  Scnacht.  8vo. 

Die  Versteinerungen  der  Mark  Brandenburg.  Von  K.  F.  Kloden.  8vo. 
Ornithologia  Danica.  Af  N*  Kjcerbolling.  Atlas  folio. 

Proceedings  of  the  Liverpool  Literary  and  Philosophical  Society.  No.  6,  8vo. 
Gulielmi  Rondeletii  D.  M.  Libri  de  Piscibus  Marinis,  &c.  Folio. 

Edoardi  Wottoni  Oxon.  de  differentiis  Animalium  libri  decern.  Folio. 

Atti  della  Sesta  Reunione  degli  Scienziati  ltaliani  tenuta  in  Milano.  4to. 
Museum  Geversianum.  Auctore  Abrahamus  Gevers.  8vo. 

Zoologia ;  or  the  History  of  Animals  as  they  are  used  in  Physick  and  Surgery. 
By  John  Schroder,  M.  D.  Svo.  1659. 

Researches  in  Natural  History.  2d  edition.  By  John  Murray.  12mo. 

The  Natural  History  of  Mankind.  By  Stephen  H.  Ward,  M.  D.  12mo. 

A  Memoir  on  the  Diamond.  By  John  Murray.  2d  ed.  12mo. 

Dresdnisches  Magazin.  Vols.  1  and  2.  l2mo.  1759 — 1765. 

Naturgeschichte  der  Saugthiere  von  Paraguay.  Von  Dr.  J.  R.  Rengger.  8vo. 
Synopsis  methodica  Animalium  Quadrupedum  et  Serpenti  generis.  Auctore 
Joanne  Raio.  8vo. 

Traite  sur  le  gouvernement  des  Abeilles.  Par  F.  Desormes.  l2mo. 


xxxviii. 


H.  G.  Langs  Yerzeichniss  seiner  Schmetterlinge.  12mo. 

Naturbeschreibung  der  Feldmause  und  des  Hamsters.  Von  Christian  Quix. 
l2mo. 

Herpetologia  Mexicana.  Pars  prima.  Edidit  Dr.  Arend.  F.  A.  Weigmann. 
Folio. 


September  14  th» 

Handbuch  der  botanischen  Terminologie  und  Systemkunde.  Yon  Dr.  G.  W. 
Bischoff.  3  vols.  in  2.  4to.  From  Dr.  G.  G.  BischofF,  of  Reading,  Pa. 
Charleston  Medical  Journal  and  Review,  Sept.,  1852.  From  the  Editors. 
Journal  of  the  Franklin  Institute,  Sept.,  1852.  From  Dr.  Wilson. 

The  following  were  presented  by  Mr.  Edward  Wilson  on  the  usual  condition  : 
Naturwissenschaftliche  Abhandlungen.  Herausgeg.  von  einer  Gesellschaft  in 
Wurtemberg.  3  vols.  8vo. 

Zusatze  und  Berichtigurigen  zu  Meyers  und  Wolff’s  Taschenbuch  der  Deut- 
schen  Vogelkunde.  Von  Hof.  Dr.  Bernhard  Meyer.  8vo. 

Julius  Bernhard’s  von  Rohr  Physikalische  Bibliothek.  8vo. 

Naturgeschichte  der  Stubenvogel  Deutschlands.  Von  Dr.  Carl.  Seidhoff.  12mo. 
Systematisches  Verzeichniss  alier  derjenigen  Schriften  welche  die  Naturges¬ 
chichte.  8vo. 

Repetitorium  der  Naturwissenschaften.  Von  Dr.  W.  Bernhard.  8vo. 
Forstnaturwissenschaftliche  Reisen  durch  verschiedene  Gegenden Deutschlands. 
Von  Dr.  J.  T.  C.  Ratzeburg.  8vo. 

Dissertatio  inaug.  med.  de  Torpedine  Veterum  genere  Raia.  Auctore  J.  S. 
F.Frenzel.  4to. 

Neue  Sammlung  von  Versuchen  und  Abhandlungen  der  Naturforschenden  Ge¬ 
sellschaft  in  Danzig,  ler  Band.  4to. 

Onomasticon  Zooicon.  Auctore  Gaultero  Charletono,  M.  D.  4to. 

Geology  in  1835.  By  John  Laurance.  8vo. 

A  Treatise  on  the  Microscope.  By  Sir  David  Brewster.  8vo. 

Commentatio  de  Psarolithis,  ligni  fossilis  genere.  Auctore  A.  Sprengel.  l2mo. 
A  Treatise  of  the  Animal  QSconomy.  2d  ed.  By  Bryan  Robinson,  M.  D.  8vo. 
1734. 

Die  Wunder  des  Mikroscops.  8vo. 

Observations  on  the  Earths,  Rocks,  &c.,  for  some  miles  about  Bristol,  &c.  By 
Mr.  Owen.  12mo.  1754. 

Die  Fische  Mecklenbergs.  Von  M.  Siemssen.  12mo. 

Bibliothek  des  gesamten  Naturgeschichte.  Von  F.  Fibig  und  B.  Nau. 
2  vols.  in  8  parts.  12mo. 

Der  Mensch  in  alien  Zonen  der  Erde.  Von  J.  G.  Hoffbauer.  l2mo. 

Der  Auerhahn.  Von  E.  Tegner  und  J.  C.  F.  Mohnike.  12mo. 

Micromys  agilis.  Beschreiben  von  M.  Dehne.  12mo. 

Naturgeschichte  der  in  der  Schweiz  einheimischen  Saiigethiere.  Von  D.  Ro- 
mer  und  D.  Schinz.  2  vols.  12mo. 

J.  D.  Majoris  dissertatio  de  Cancris  et  Serpentibus  petrefactis.  12mo. 
Handbuch  zur  systematischen  Kenntniss  der  Mecklenburgischen  Land-und 
Wasservogel.  Von  M.  Adolph.  Chr.  Siemssen.  8vo. 

Conradi  Gesneri  Med.  Tigurini  Historiae  Animalium.  4  vols.  folio. 

Kleine  Beitrage  zur  Anatomie  der  Haussaugthiere.  Von  Karl  B.  Briihl. 
Observata  quaedam  de  osse  epactali  sive  Goethiano  Palmigradorum.  A.Got- 
helf  Fischer. 

Horae  Ichthyologicae.  Von  Dr.  J.  Muller  und  Dr.  F.  H.  Troschel.  Nos.  1,  2, 
3,  folio.  t 

L’organisation  du  Regne  Animal.  Par  Emile  Blanchard. 

De  Ichthyosauri  sive  Proteosauri  fossilis  speciminibus  in  Agro  Bollensi  in 
Wurtembergia  repertis  commentatur  Georgius  Fr.  Jaeger. 

September  21sf. 

Contributions  to  Ornithology  for  1852.  By  Sir  Wm.  Jardine.  Text.  Pts.  1, 
2,  3.  From  Wm.  Strickland,  Esq. 


xxxix. 


Dr.  Wilson  presented  the  following  on  the  usual  condition: 

Dr.  Heinrich  Berghaus'  Physikalischer  Atlas  oder  Sammlung  von  Karten. 
Folio. 

Abbildungen  zur  Berichtigung  und  Erganzung  der  Schmetterlingskunde,  &c. 
Herausgeg.  von  J.  E.  Fisher.  2  vols.  4to. 

List  of  British  Animals  in  the  British  Museum.  Part.  9.  Eggs  of  British 
Birds. 

Museum  of  Practical  Geology,  &c.  Records  of  the  School  of  Mines.  Yol.  1, 
part  1.  Royal  8vo. 

Journal  de  Conchyliologie.  Nos.  3  and  4,  for  1851. 

Naturgeschichte  des  Menschen.  Yon  F.  J.  P.  R.  Wagner.  2  vols.  8vo. 
Considerations  sur  la  diversite  des  Bassins  de  differentes  races  humaines. 
Yon  G.  Vrolik.  8vo.  and  atlas  folio. 

De  l’origine  de  l’homme  et  de  l’unite  de  l’espece  humaine.  Par  l’Abbe  Fori- 
chon  et  par  M.  1  Abbe  Maupied.  8vo. 

Lehrbuch  der  Krystallkunde.  Von  C.  F.  Rammelsberg.  8vo. 

Systema  Helminthum.  Auctore  C.  M.  Diesing.  Vol.  1.  8vo. 

Fauna  Etrusca  ;  sistens  Insecta  quae  in  Provinces  Florentina  et  Pisana  prae- 
sertim  collegit  Petrus  Rossius.  2  vols.  8vo. 

Beitrage  zur  Geschichte  der  Schmetterlinge  von  Jacob  Hubner.  2  vols.  8vo. 
Handbuch  einer  Geschichte  der  Natur  von  Heinrich  G.  Bronn.  3  vols.  8vo. 
and  Atlas. 

Muscologia  Britannica.  By  Wm.  J.  Hooker  and  T.  Taylor.  M.  D.  8vo. 

Neuste  Schriften  der  Naturforschenden  Gesellschaft  in  Danzig.  4  band.  4  heft. 
Exotic  Butterflies.  By  Wm.  C.  Hewitson.  Part  2. 

Oud  en  Nieuw  Oost-Indien.  Door  Francois  Valentyn.  8  vols.  4to. 

Nouvelles  Suites  a  Buffon.  Histoire  des  Insectes  Lepidopteres.  Texte.  Yols. 
5,  6,  7  ;  Planches  livs.  6,  7. 

Monograph  of  the  Rhamphastidae.  By  John  Gould.  2d  ed.  part  1,  folio. 

The  Natural  History  of  Animals.  By  T.  Rymer  Jones.  Vol.  2,  8vo. 

Twelve  Lectures  on  the  connexion  between  Science  and  revealed  Religion. 
By  Cardinal  Wiseman.  2  vols.  8vo. 

Hist.  Nat.  des  lies  Canaries.  Par  MM.  Webb  et  Bertholet.  Nos.  104, 
105,  106. 

Historia  fisica  y  politica  de  Chile.  Por  Claudio  Gay.  Historia,  Nos.  19,  20  ; 
Zoologia  Nos.  12 — 21;  Botanica  Nos.  17,  18;  B.  C.  Nos.  1,  2,3;  Atlas  Nos. 
22—35. 

Traite  elementaire  de  Conchyliologie.  Par  G.  Deshayes.  No.  14. 


October  5  th. 

On  the  Tertiary  Strata  of  Belgium  and  French  Flanders.  By  Sir  Charles 
Lyell.  8vo.  From  the  Author. 

Journal  d’ Agriculture,  ou  Trans,  de  la  Societe  d’ Agriculture  du  bas-Canada. 
Yol.  5,  No.  8.  From  the  Society. 

Dr.  Wilson  presented  the  following,  on  the  usual  condition  : 

Revue  et  Magazin  de  Zoologie,  1852,  No.  7. 

Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History,  Sept.  1852. 

London,  Edinburgh  and  Dublin  Philosophical  Magazine,  Sept.  1852. 
Thesaurus  Conchyliorum.  By  G.  B.  Sowerby,  Jun.  Part  13. 

London,  Athenaeum,  for  August  1852. 

Conchologia  Iconica.  By  Lovell  Reeve.  Parts  110,  111. 

Illustrations  of  British  Mycology.  By  Mrs.  T.  J.  Hussey.  2d  series,  part  16. 
Comptes  Rendus.  Tome  35,  Nos.  5 — 8. 

Archiv  fur  Naturgeschichte.  Yon  Dr.  F.  H.  Troschel.  1850,  No.  6. 

Exotic  Butterflies.  By  W.  C.  Hewitson.  Part  3. 

Zeitschrift  fur  Malakozoologie,  1852,  Nos.  7  and  8. 

Kaschmir  und  das  Reich  der  Siek.  Von  Carl.  F.  von  Hiigel.  4  vols.  8vo. 
Considerations  on  the  vital  principle.  By  John  Murray,  3d  edition. 


The  following  were  presented  by  Mr.  Edward  Wilson : 

Observations  on  the  “  Voyages  of  Discovery  and  Research  within  the  Arctic 
Regions,”  by  Sir  John  Barrow.  By  Sir  John  Ross. 

On  the  Garruline  Birds  or  Jays.  By  Charles  L.  Bonaparte. 

Museum  ’Hist.  Nat.  de  Paris.  Catalogue  de  la  Collection  des  Mammiferes  ; 
Cat.  des  Coleopteres ;  Cat.  des  Reptiles.  8vo. 

History  of  British  Birds.  By  Rev.  F.  0.  Morris.  Vol.  2,  Nos.  17 — 22. 

Ichnology  of  Annandale.  By  Sir  Wm.  Jardine.  Part  2,  folio. 

A  popular  History  of  Mollusca.  By  Mary  Roberts.  4to. 

A  Voyage  to  Spitzbergen.  By  John  Laing.  12mo. 

Insect  Life.  By  David  Badham,  M.  D.  12  mo. 

The  Conchologist’s  Text  Book.  By  Wm.  Macgillivray.  12mo. 

The  Highlands  of  Ethiopia.  By  Major  Wm.  C.  Harris.  3  vols.  8vo. 

A  Voyage  of  Discovery  and  Research  in  the  Southern  Atlantic  Regions  in 
1839 — 43.  By  Capt.  Sir  James  C.  Ross,  R.  N.  2  vols.  8vo. 

New  and  conclusive  physical  demonstrations  both  in  the  fact  and  period  of 
the  Mosaic  Deluge.  By  George  Fairholme,  Esq.  8vo. 

Observations  on  some  interesting  phenomena  in  animal  physiology,  exhibited 
by  several  species  of  Planariae.  By  J.  Graham  Dalyell.  8vo. 

A  Journal  of  a  Voyage  of  Discovery  to  the  Arctic  Regions  in  H.  M.  S.  Hecla 
and  Clipper  in  1819 — 29.  By  Alexander  Fisher.  2d  ed. 

Faunae  Suecicae  a  Carolo  a  Linne  inchoatae  pars  prima  sistens,  Mammalia, 
Aves,  &c.  Suecicae  quas  recognovit,  &c.  A  Retzius.  8vo. 

The  British  Cyclopaedia.  By  Charles  F.  Partington.  10  vols.  8vo. 

Entomographien.  Von  Dr.  W.  F.  Erichson.  Part  1,  8vo. 

Zeitschrift  fur  die  Entomologie.  Herausg.  von  Ernst  F.  Germar.  Vols.  1 — 5, 
8vo. 

A  Journal  from  Madras  through  the  countries  of  Mysore,  Canara  and  Malabar. 
By  Francis  Buchanan,  M.  M.  2  vols.  4to. 

Index  to  the  General  History  of  Birds.  By  John  Latham,  M.  D.  4to. 

An  account  of  the  Countries  adjoining  to  Hudson’s  Bay  in  the  Northwest  part 
of  America.  By  Arthur  Dobbs,  Esq.  4to. 

Popular  Lectures  on  Zoonomia.  By  Thomas  Garrett.  M.  D.  4to. 

A  descriptive  Catalogue  of  Diamonds  in  the  Cabinet  of  Sir  A.  Hume.  By 
the  Count  de  Bournon.  Translated  from  the  French.  4to. 

Journal  of  a  Tour  through  part  of  the  snowy  range  of  the  Himalaya  Moun¬ 
tains,  and  to  the  source  of  the  rivers  Jumna  and  Ganges  4to. 

The  Zoologist.  Nos.  106 — 111. 

The  Naturalist.  Nos.  8 — 13,  and  vols.  1 — 4,  first  series. 

Nova  Plantarum,  Animalium  et  Mineralium  Mexicanorum  historia  a  Francisco 
Hernandez  medico.  Folio. 

Proceedings  of  the  Royal  Society,  Nos.  76,  79 — 85. 

Descrizione  della  Sardegna  (Cetti.)  3  vols,  8vo. 

Fauna  Boica.  Von  J.  E.  von  Reider  und  Dr.  Carl  W.  Hahn.  Vols.  1—5, 
8vo. 

Encyclopedic  d’Histoire  Naturelle.  Par  le  Dr.  Chenu.  Oiseux,  lme  series, 
Nos.  4,  5,  6  ;  2e  serie,  Nos.  1 — 4  ;  Coleopteres,  2e  serie,  No.  2 ;  Reptiles  No.  2  ; 
Mammiferae  No.  2. 


October  12  th. 

Ontleedkundige  Tafeln,  door  J.  A.  Kultnus ;  in  het  |Neederduitsch  gebragt 
door  Gerardus  Dieten.  8vo.  From  Mrs.  Maria  Whitall,  through  Dr.  Leidy. 

A  discourse  on  the  Soul  and  Instinct  physiologically  distinguished  from  Ma¬ 
terialism.  By  Martyn  Haine,  M.  D.  3  vols.  8vo.  From  the  author. 

Memoir  of  Robert  Troup  Paine.  By  his  Parents.  4to.  From  Dr.  Martyn 
Paine. 

Map  of  the  Rivers  Parana  and  Paraguay,  from  a  British  Government  Survey 
in  1841.  From  Dr.  H.  W.  Kennedy. 


xli. 


Grfinlands  Annulata  Dorsibranchiata  beskreane  af  A.  S.  Orsted.  4to.  Prom 
Dr.  Wilson,  on  the  usual  condition. 

Species  generale  et  iconographie  des  Coquilles  Yivants.  Par  L.  Keiner.  137 
liv.  From  the  same. 

Mr.  Edward  Wilson  presented  the  following,  on  the  usual  condition  : 

Schriften  der  Gesellschaft  zur  Befdrderung  der  gesamten  Naturwissenschaf- 
ten  zu  Marburg.  Yols.  1,  2  and  4,  8vo. 

Abhandlungen  der  Naturforschenden  Gesqllschaft  in  Zorich.  3  vols.  8vo. 
Theoria  generationis.  Auctore  D.  Casparo  F.  Wolff.  Ed.  nova.  8vo. 
Bulletin  de  la  Societe  Linneenne  du  Nord  de  la  France.  Yol.  1,  8vo. 

Annales  des  Sciences  d’Observation.  Par  MM.  Saigey  et  Raspail.  Yols. 
1—4. 

Kurze  Beschreibung  der  Yflgel  Liv-und  Esthlands.  Yon  Dr.  Bernhard  Meyer. 
8vo. 

Chasse  au  Chien  d’arret  Gibier  &  Plumes.  Par  M.  Chenu,  M.  D.  8vo. 

Notice  of  the  Silver  Mines  of  Tresnillo,  in  the  States  of  Zacatecas,  Mexico. 

A  Yoyage  to  St.  Kilda.  By  M.  Martin.  4th  ed.  8vo. 

Geological  Tour  through  England  and  Wales,  and  a  brief  geological  sketch  of 
the  Isle  of  Wight.  By  L.  0.  Wittwor.  12mo. 

On  the  stratification  of  alluvial  deposits.  In  a  letter  to  J.  Macculloch,  M.  D., 
by  H.  R.  Oswald.  8vo. 

Observations  on  the  Islands  of  Shetland  and  their  Inhabitants. 

An  easy  method  of  assaying  and  classifying  mineral  substances.  By  J.  Rein¬ 
hold  Forster. 

A  synonymic  list  of  British  Lepidoptera.  By  Henry  Doubleday. 

Introduction  a  l’histoire  des  Mammifereset  des  Oiseaux  du  Nord  del’Afrique. 
Par  Levaillant. 

J.  T.  Klein  Berbesserte  und  Yolstandigere  Histoire  der  Y6gel.  Herausgeg, 
von  Gott.  Reyger.  4to. 

A  narrative  of  a  nine  months'  residence  in  New  Zealand  in  1827.  By  Augus¬ 
tus  Earle.  8vo. 

Genera  et  species  Staphylinorum,  Insectornm  Coleopterorum  familise.  Auc¬ 
tore  G.  F.  Erichson.  8vo. 

Naturgeschichte  der  Yogel  Mecklenbergs.  Yon  H.  D.  F.  Zander.  Nos.  1 — 5. 
Hand  buch  der  Petrefactenkunde.  Yon  Fr.  Aug.  Quenstedt.  2e  lief.  8vo. 

On  the  connexion  of  Geology  with  Terrestrial  Magnetism.  By  Evan  Hopkins. 
8vo. 

Description  exacte  des  Isles  de  l’Archipel  et  de  quelques  autres  adjacentes. 
Traduite  du  Flamand  d’O.  Dapper,  M.  I).  Folio.  1703. 

Hist.  Nat.  des  Mollusques  terrestres  et  d’eau  douce  qui  vivent  en  France. 
Par  l’Abbe  D.  Dupuy.  5cae  fascic.  4to. 

A  system  of  comparative  anatomy  and  physiology.  By  A.  Harwood,  M.  D. 
4to. 

The  Natural  History  of  Quadrupeds  and  Whales.  By  James  Wilson.  4to. 
Saggio  sulla  storia  naturale  del  Chili  di  Gio.  Ignazio  Molina.  2a.  ediz.  4to. 
Descrizione  di  un  nuovo  Falcone  di  Sardegpa  (Falco  Eleonoras,)  del  Prof. 
Giuseppe  Gene. 

Descriptiones  Animalium,  Avium,  &c.  quae  in  itinere  orientali  observavit 
Petrus  Forskal.  4to. 

The  Historie  of  Foure-footed  Beastes.  By  Edward  Topsell.  Folio.  1607. 
Atti  della  Terza  Riunione  della  Soienzati  Italiani  tenuta  in  Firenze  nel  Sept 
del  1841.  4to. 

Ausfiihrliche  Beschreibung  und  Abbildung  der  beiden  sogenannten  Scachels- 
chweinmenschen,  oder  The  Porcupine  Man.  Von  U.  G.  Tilesius.  Folio. 

De  Helminthibus  acanthocephalis.  Auctore  A.  H.  L.  Westrumb. 

Anatomie  der  Roehren-Holothurie  des  Pomeranzfarbigen  Seesterns  und  Stein- 
Seeigels.  Yon  Dr.  F.  Tiedemann.  Folio  and  Atlas. 

The  Aureiian,  or  natural  history  of  English  Insects,  &c.  By  Moses  Harris. 
Folio. 

Proceedings  of  the  Royal  Society  of  Edinburgh.  No.  11. 

30 


xlii. 


October  19th. 

Monograph  of  the  Rhamphaetid®,  or  Toucans.  By  John  Gould.  Part  1.  Folio. 
From  Dr.  Wilson. 

Monographia  Cassididarum.  Auctore  C.  H.  Boheman.  Tomus  1.  8vo.  In 
exchange. 

An  account  of  the  Abipones,  an  equeetrian  people  of  Paraguay;  from  the 
Latin  of  Martin  DobrizhofFer.  3  vols.  8vo.  From  Dr.  H.  W.  Kennedy. 

Geographical  Map  of  the  Rivers  La  Plata,  Parana,  Paraguay,  Sec.  From  the 
same. 

Memoires  de  la  Societe  Royale  des  Sciences  de  Liege.  Y  vols.  8vo.  From 
the  Society. 

Abhandlungen  ans  dem  Gebiete  der  Naturwissenscbaften  ;  herausg.  von  dem 
Naturwis.  Yereln  in  Hamburg.  Yols.  1  and  2.  4to.  From  the  Association. 
Geological  Map  of  Schuylkill  Co.,  Pa.  By  P.  W.  Sheafer.  From  the  Author. 
Mr.  Edward  Wilson  presented,  on  the  usual  condition,  the  following  : 

Of  the  Art  of  Metals,  from  the  Spanish  of  Alonzo  Barba.  Translated  in  1669 
by  the  Earl  of  Sandwich.  12tno. 

Leitfaden  zum  Unterricht  in  der  Naturbeschreibung  und  Naturgesehichte.  Yon 
C.  F.  Nitsch.  8vo. 

Yollstiindige  Characteristek  des  Mineral-Systems.  Yon  August  Breithnupt. 
8  ve. 

De  la  Nutrition  dans  le  eerie  des  Animaux.  Par  Charles  Dhere.  8vo. 
Naturgesehichte  der  Siiugethiere.  Yon  Dr.  H.  0.  Lenz.  8vo. 

Grundzuge  der  Systematischen  Naturgesehichte.  Yon  J.  L.  G.  Gravenhorst. 
8vo. 

A  brief  survey  of  Physical  and  Fossil  Geology.  By  F.  J.  Francis.  8vo. 
Catalogue  raisonne  des  differents  effects  curieux  et  rares  contenus  dans  le  Cabi¬ 
net  de  feu  M.  de  la  Roque.  Par  E.  F.  Gersaint.  8vo. 

Zoologische  Annalen.  ler  band.  Herausg.  von  F.  A.  A.  Meyer.  8vo. 
Systematische  Abhandlung  fiber  die  Erd-und  Flussconchylien.  Yon  J.  von 
Aiten.  8vo. 

L’histoire  naturelle  des  etrangers  poissons  marines,  observees  par  Pierre  Belon 
du  Mans.  4to. 

Amphibiorum  Physiologi®  specimen  primum,  et  specimen  secundum.  Scrip- 
sit  J.  G.  Schneider. 

Esploraeione  delle  regions  Equatoriali  lungcril  Napo  ed  il  Fiume  deUe  Am?z- 
rone  frammento  di  un  viaggio  fatto  nelle  due  Americke  negli  anni  1846 — 48, 
da  Gaetano  Osculati.  8vo. 

Abhandlung,  eingesandt  als  antwort  auf  die  preisfrage.  Yon  H.  E.  Goeppert. 
4to. 

Beitrag  zur  Kenntniss  der  Corallineen  und  Zoophyten  der  Siidsee.  Yon  C. 

F.  Krauss. 

Naturgesehichte  der  Fische  Islands.  Yon  F.  Faber.  4to. 

Beschreibung  u.  Abbildung  moehrerer  neuer  Fische  im  Nil  entdeckt  von  Dr. 
Ed.  Riippell. 

Fortseteung  der  Beschreib.  u.  Abbildung  mcehrerer  neuer  Fische,  &c.  Dr.  E. 
Rtippell. 

Beschreibung  und  Abbildungen  von  dem  in  Rbeinhessen  aufgefundenen  colos- 
ealen  Schedel  des  Dinotherii  Gigantei.  Yon  Dr.  Y.  Klipstein  u.  Dr.  J.  J.  Kaup. 
Same  in  French. 

Anleitung  zu  dem  studium  der  Conchylienlehre.  (Samuel  Brookes.)  Yon  Dr. 

G.  G.  Cams.  4to. 

Memoire  sur  l’anatomie  et  la  physiologie  du  Gastrus  Equi.  Par  J.  L.  C. 
Schrader  van  der  Kold.  4to. 

Eotwiekelungsgeschiohte  des  Hunde-Eies.  Yon  Th.  Lud.  W.  Bischoff.  4to. 
System  der  Asteriden  von  Dr.  Johann  Miiller  und  Dr.  Troschel.  4to. 
Actinien,  Echinodermen  und  Wiirmer  des  Adriatischen-und  Mittelmeers  nach 
eigenen  Sammlungen  be3chreiben  von  Dr.  A.  E.  Grube. 

Thesaurus  Literalur®  Botanic®.  Auctore  G.  A.  Pretzel.  Fa, eric.  T. 


xliii. 


Die  Versteinerungen  von  Kieslingswalde  und  Nachtrag  zur  Characteristik 
des  Sachsisch-bohmischen  Kreidegebirges.  Von  H.  B.  Geinitz. 

Notice  sur  les  Travaux  Zoologiques  de  M.  Ch.  L.  Bonaparte. 

Uebergangsordnung  bei  der  Kristallization  der  Fossilien.  Von  Carl  J.  Loscher. 

J.  Campi  Flegrei  della  Sicilia  e  della  Isole  che  le  sono  intorno  o  descrizioni 
fisica  e  mineralog.  di  queste  Isole.  Dell*  Abati  Francisco  Ferrara.  4to. 

Memoires  de  la  Facultede  Medecine  de  Paris.  4to. 

Naturgeschichte  der  Hausthiere.  Von  G.  A.  Manski. 

Ornithologisches  Handbuch.  Von  M.  Orphal.  8vo. 

Grundliche  Anweisung  Kustenthiere,  Vielfuske,  &c.  Von  Dr.  G.  W.  Hahn. 
8vo. 

Ueber  das  Gift  der  Fische.  Von  Hrn.  Fr.  Autenreith.  8vo. 

Ichthyologia,  cum  amphibiis  Regni  Borussici  disposita  a  J.  Chr.  Wolff,  M.D. 
Naturgeschichte  des  Eperlings  teutscher  nation.  Von  J.  P  Breidenstein.  8vo. 

Justus  Arnemann  Versuche  fiber  die  Regeneration  an  lebenden  Thiere.  Svo. 

The  Entomologist’s  Companion.  By  H.  T  Stainton. 

Schlesien’s  Land-und  Wasser-Mollusken.  Von  H.  Scholtz. 

Legons  sur  Embryologie.  Par  M.  Bach,  M.  D. 

Schlesien’s  Wirbelthiere-Fauna.  Von  Dr.  Constantin  L.  Gloger. 

Synopsis  Terrestrium  et  Fluviatilium  Molluscorum.  Ab.  A.  D’Orbigny. 

Fauna  Insectorum  Fridrichsdalina. 

Beitrage  zur  Anatomie  u.  Physiologie  der  Wirbelthiere.  Von  Dr.  Keber. 

Systematic  catalogue  of  the  British  Tineidae  and  Ptorophoridae.  By  H.  T. 
Stainton. 

Die  Kleinen  Schmetterlingsfreunde.  Von  Karl  von  Tischer.  8vo. 

Abhandlungen  einer  privatgesellschaft  von  Naturforsch.  und  Oefonomen  in 
Oberdeutschland.  Herausgeg.  von  F.  von  Paula  Schrank.  8vo. 

Cours  d’Histoire  Nat.  pharmaceutique.  Par  A.  L.  Fee.  2  vols.  8vo. 

Neue  Einrichtung  der  k.  k.  naturalien  Sammlung  zu  Wien.  Herausgeg.  von 
A.  Stutz.  8vo. 

Denmarks  Fiske,  beskrevne  af  Henrich  Kroyer.  Vols.  1 — 3.  8vo. 

Naturhistorische  Abhandlungen  der  Batavischen  Gesellschaft  der  Wissen.  zu 
Haarlemm.  Von  D.  von  Halem.  ler.  band.  8vo. 

Descrizione  dell’  Etna,  dell’ Abate  Fr.  Ferrara.  8vo. 

Elementi  di  Geologie  e  di  Mineralogia  di  Octavio  Degli  Albizzi.  Vol.  1,  8vo. 

Vollstandige  Naturgeschichte  der  Ackerschnecke.  Von  J.  Carl  Leuchs.  12mo. 

Grundriss  der  Geschichte  der  Menschheit.  Von  G.  Meiners.  8vo. 

Elementi  di  Storia  naturali  degli  Animali-di  Ermenegildo  Pino  B.  8vo. 

Bibliotheca  med.  chirurg.  et  pharmaceut.  chemica.  Von  T.  C.  Fr.  Enslin  und 
W.  Engelmann.  8vo. 

Descriptive  Catalogue  of  the  Anatomical  Museum  of  the  University  of  Edin¬ 
burgh.  Svo. 

Beitrage  zur  Mikrop.  Anatomie  und  Entwickelungsgeschichte  der  Rochen  und 
Haie.  Von  Dr.  Franz  Ludwig.  8vo. 

Hydrologia  philosophica.  By  S.  Derham.  12mo. 

Zoologisches  Archiv.,  herausg.  von  Er.  Anton  Meyer.  Pts.  1  and  2.  8vo- 

Memoria  dell’ Abate  Dom.  Tata  sul’Acque  di  Modena.  8vo. 

Archiv.  der  Naturgeschichte  von  G.  A.  B.  Thienemann  und  Dr.  Theo.  Thou, 
ler.  band.  8vo. 


DONATIONS  TO  MUSEUM 

In  November  and  December,  1852. 

November  2 d. 

Achatina  marginata,  15  specimens ;  A.  balteata,  3  specimens ;  Bulimus 
numidica,  6  specimens;  Purpura  n.  s.  ?  4  specimens  ;  Ampullaria  n.  s.  6  spe¬ 
cimens;  Melania  n.  s.  ?  9  specimens;  Littorina  - ,  6  specimens.  From 

Western  Africa. 


xliv. 


Egg  and  teeth  of  Alligator - ,  Buenos  Ayres.  From  Dr.  H.  W.  Kennedy, 

Ophiura,  from  Callao ;  Echinus,  from  the  Gulf  of  Siam  ;  and  same  from  Bonin 
Isles  ;  Limulus - .  From  Dr.  Ruschenberger. 

November  §th. 

Remarkably  fine  specimen,  feet  in  length,  of  Crystalline  native  Copper, 
from  Isle  Royal,  Lake  Superior.  Presented  by  B.  H.  Hoopes,  Esq. 

Twenty-nine  specimens  of  American  Marine  Algae.  From  Mr  Fahnestock. 

Fossil  shell,  from  Cumberland  Co.,  New  Jersey.  From  Mr.  Thomas  Fisher. 

November  9 th. 

Scull  of  Dycoteles  torquatus  ;  a  Testudo  ;  labial  and  palatine  teeth  of  a  large 
fish,  from  South  America.  Presented  by  J.  C.  Trautwine. 

Vanellus  lampronotus,  from  Chili.  Presented  by  Dr.  Ruschenberger. 

Two  Crania  of  Delaware  Indians,  dug  up  in  excavating  a  street  in  Philadel¬ 
phia.  Presented  by  Geo.  P.  Oliver,  M.D. 

Sciurus  Hudsonicus,  from  Pennsylvania;  two  nodules  of  clay  iron-stone  with 
coprolites  as  nuclei,  from  the  coal  formation  near  Edinburgh.  Presented  by 
Dr.  Samuel  Lewis. 

Two  Sharks’  Teeth,  eight  Fossil  Shells,  from  Barbadoes.  From  the  same. 

Vertebra  of  Mosasaurus,  from  New  Jersey.  From  Mr.  T.  A.  Conrad. 

Arvicola  hirsutus,  from  Philadelphia ;  Hemidactylium  scutatum  and  Ophio- 
saurus  ventralis,  from  Georgia.  Presented  by  Dr.  John  Le  Conte. 

Spondylus  zonalis,  Spondylus - (?)  Chama  lazarus,  and  group  of  Spondylus 

and  Chama,  from  the  Sooloo  Islands.  Presented  by  Mr.  Edw.  Wilson. 

December  1th . 

A  collection  of  casts  and  original  specimens  of  Silurian  and  Cretaceous 
Fossils,  collected  during  the  survey  of  Iowa,  Wisconsin,  &c.  Presented  by 
Dr.  D.  D.  Owen. 

Sciurus  cinereus,  from  Pennsylvania  (mounted).  Presented  by  Dr.  Woodhouse. 

Mustela  lutreola,  from  Delaware.  From  Dr.  Wilson. 

Two  specimens  of  Sorex  parvus.  Say ,  from  New  Jersey.  From  Mr.  Ashmead. 

Mustela  putorius,  var .,  from  Illinois.  Presented  by  Mr.  J.  D.  Sergeant. 

Didelphis  virginiana  (mounted).  From  Dr.  Heermann. 

Ramphastos  culminatus,  Gould ,  Trachyphonus  serrirostris,  Strick .,  Cassicus 
yuracares,  D’Orb.,  Ardea  agami,  from  Peru.  Presented  by  Jos.  A.  Clay,  Esq. 

Collection  of  Quadrupeds,  Birds  and  Reptiles,  in  spirits,  and  a  collection  of 
Bird  Skins  from  California  and  Oregon.  Presented  by  Col.  Geo.  A.  M’Call. 
U.  S.  Army. 

Calliste  calliparaea,  from  Bogota.  Presented  by  Mr.  Benj.  Blagge,  New  York, 
through  Mr.  John  G.  Bell. 

Specimens  of  Ptilogonys  nitens,  Siv .,  Embernagra  Blandingiana,  Garni., 
Loxia  Americana,  Lmi.,Ammodromus  ruficeps,  Caj5i»,Emberiza  rostrata,  Cas- 
sin ,  Trochilus  Alexandri,  Bourcier ,  Larus  Heermanni,  Cassin ,  from  California. 
Presented  by  Dr.  Heermann. 

Spermophilus  tridecimlineatus,  Felis  canadensis,  Pteromys  volucella,  Grus 
canadensis,  Anas  acuta,  Numenius  longirostris,  from  Illinois.  Presented  by 
J.  D.  Sergeant,  Esq. 

December  21  st. 

A  collection  of  Plants  from  Texas,  New  Mexico  and  the  neighborhood  of  St. 
Louis.  Presented  by  Dr.  Geo.  Engelmann,  of  St.  Louis. 

Fossil  Coral,  Shells,  two  Trilobites  and  two  other  fossils.  Presented  by  Dr. 
Senseny,  through  Dr.  John  M’Clellan. 

Cranium  of  Ardea  Herodias.  From  Dr.  S.  W.  Woodhouse. 


xlv. 


DONATIONS  TO  LIBRARY 
In  November  and  December,  1852. 

November  2 d. 

Denkschriften  der  k.  Acad,  der  Wissenchaft.  Mathemat-Naturwissen.  Classe. 
3  Band,  lief  1—3,  folio.  From  the  Academy. 

Sitzungsberichte  der  k.  Akad.  der  Wissen.  Mathemat-Naturwissem  Classe. 
7  Band,  Heft  3,  4,  5,  8  Band,  Heft  1,  2,  3,  8vo;  From  the  same. 

Naturwissenschaftliche  Abhandlungen  gesammelt  und  durch  subscription 
herausg.  von  W.  Haidinger.  From  M.  Haidinger. 

Species,  genera  et  ordines  Algarum.  Auctore  J.  G.  Agardh.  Yols.  1  and  2. 
Svo.  From  the  Author. 

Lectures  on  the  electro-magnetic  Telegraph.  By  Lawrence  Turnbull,  M.D. 
Svo.  From  the  Author. 

American  Journal  of  Science  and  Arts,  Nov.,  1852.  From  the  Editors. 
Journal  of  the  Indian  Archipelago  and  Eastern  Asia,  vol.  6,  Nos.  4  and  5. 
From  the  Editor. 

Recensio  specierum  generis  Pteridis.  Auctore  J.  G.  Agardh.  From  the 
Author. 

Kalander  der  Flora  des  Horizontes  von  Prag.  Yon  Karl  Fritsch.  8vo.  From 
the  Author. 

Facts  and  principles  relating  to  the  origin  and  geographical  distribution  of 
Mollusca.  By  Thomas  Bland.  From  the  Author. 

Dr.  Wilson  presented  the  following  on  the  usual  condition  : — 

Zoologie  et  Paleontologie  Frangaises  (Animaux  Yertebres).  Par  M.  Paul 
Gervais.  Nos.  1 — 14.  Folio. 

History  of  British  Mollusca  and  their  Shells.  By  Prof.  Forbes  and  S.  Han¬ 
ley.  No.  48. 

Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History  for  October,  1852. 

London,  Dublin  and  Edinburgh  Philosophical  Magazine  for  October,  1852. 
Revue  et  Magasin  de  Zoologie,  1852.  No.  8. 

London  Athenseum  for  September,  1852. 

Comptes  Rendus,  Tome  35,  Nos.  9 — 12. 

Exotic  butterflies  :  being  illustrations  of  new  species.  By  Wm.  C.  Hewitson. 
Part  4. 

A  Chart,  giving  an  ideal  section  of  the  successive  geological  formations,  with 
an  actual  geological  section  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific  Oceans.  By  James 
Hall. 

Mr.  Edward  Wilson  presented  the  following  on  the  usual  condition  : 
Catalogue  methodique  et  descriptif  des  corps  organises  fossiles  du  Department 
des  Bouches  du  Rhine.  Par  M.  Philippe  Matheron.  8vo. 

Zoologie  classique,  ou  histoire  naturelle  du  Regne  animal.  Par  F.  A.  Pou- 
chet.  2e  ed.  2  vols  and  Atlas.  8vo. 

Principles  of  Scientific  Botany.  By  Dr.  J.  M.  Schleiden.  Translated  by 
Edward  Lankester,  M.D.  8vo. 

Histoire  des  Sciences  Naturelles.  Par  Georges  Cuvier.  5  vols.  8vo. 

The  Plant:  a  Biography,  by  M.  J.  Schleiden,  M.  D.  Translated  by  Arthur 
Henfrey.  Svo. 

Elements  of  Catholic  Philosophy.  8vo. 

A  selection  of  the  Geological  Memoirs  contained  in  the  Annales  des  Mines. 
Translated,  with  Notes,  by  H.  T.  de  la  Beche,  Esq.  Svo. 

Comptes  Rendus  des  Seances  et  Memoires  de  la  Societe  de  Biologie.  Tome 
3.  8vo. 

A  Manual  of  Metallurgy.  By  J.  A.  Phillips.  8vo. 

A  rudimentary  treatise  on  Geology.  By  Lieut.  Col.  Portlock.  2d  ed.  8vo. 
Natural  History.  Reptiles.  By  P.  H.  Gosse.  12mo. 

Patria.  La  France  Ancienne  et  Moderne.  2  vols.  8vo. 


xlvi. 


A  Natural  History.  By  Sir  T.  Pope  Blount.  12mo. 

A  Discourse  concerning  the  Origin  and  Properties  of  Wind.  By  R.  Bohun. 
12mo.  1671. 

L'Optique  des  Couleurs.  Par  le  L.  R.  P.  Castel.  12mo. 

A  List  of  the  Genera  of  Birds.  By  Geo.  K.  Gray.  1st  edition. 

Illustrations  of  Instinct,  deduced  from  the  habits  of  British  Animals.  By  Jona¬ 
than  Couch.  8vo. 

Great  Artists  and  Great  Anatomists.  By  R.  Knox,  M.  D.  8vo. 

Histoire  des  progres  de  la  Geologie  de  1834  a  1845.  Par  le  Yicompte  d’Archiac. 
Vols.  1,  2,' 3,  and  part  1,  vol.  4.  8yo. 

Insecta  Fennica  :  enumerata  a  C.  R.  Shalberg.  2  vols.  8vo. 

Insecta  Caffraria  annis  1838-1845,  a  J.  A.  Wahlberg  collecta.  Descripsit  C. 
H.  Boheman.  2  parts. 

Monographia  Cassididarum.  Auctore  C.  H.  Boheman.  Tome  1.  8vo. 
Monographic  des  Antljicus  et  genres  voisins.  Par  M.  F.  de  la  Ferte-Senee- 
tere.  8vo. 

SulF  origine  delle  Montagne  e  deiVulcane  studio  sperimentale  di  Paolo  Gorini. 
Vol.  1.  8vo. 

Enumeration  des  Carabiques  et  Hodrocanthares  du  Caucase.  Parle  Baron  de 
Chaudoir  et  M.  H.  Hockhuth.  8vo. 

Lectures  on  the  results  of  the  Great  Exhibition,  in  12  parts.  8vo. 

H.  R.  Schaum  Analecta  Entomologica.  1.  Symbolae  ad  Monographiam  Scyd- 
moenorum.  8vo. 

Annales  des  Sciences  Geologiques  (parts  1-15.)  8vo.  Par  M.  Riviere. 

Gaa  von  Sachsen  Einleitung  in  die  Flora  von  Sachsen  von  Dr.  u.  Prof.  L. 
Reichenbach,  R.  G.  Hofreth,  &c.  Herausg.  von  Dr.  H.  B.  Geinitz.  8vo. 
Catalogue  of  British  Marine  Recent  Shells. 

Memoria  sopra  alcune  Conchiglie  fossile  rinvenute  nella  Contrada  d  Alta  villa 
dal  Dr.  Pietro  Calcara. 

Synoptical  table  of  the  British  Ferns.  By  Edward  Newman. 
Naturgeschichte  der  Infusionsthierchen.  Von  Dr.  T.  L.  G.  Gravenhorst. 
Abbildung  aller  bis  jetzt  bekannten  europaischen  zweifliigeligen  Insekten. 
(Meigen.) 

A  Catalogue  of  British  Lepidoptera,  compiled  chiefly  from  Stephens’  British 
Entomology. 

Ueber  einen  fossilen  Farrenstamm  Caulopteris  Freislebeni  aus  dem  Zwickauer 
Schwarzkohlengebirge.  Von  August  von  Gutbier. 

Description  of  a  new  Species  of  Helix  belonging  to  the  Carocollae  of  La- 
mark.  By  G.  B.  Sowerby. 

Ueber  die  Ziege  von  Thibet.  Von  H.  M.  Freudberg. 

Ornithologische  Hefte  oder  Sammlung  getreuer  nach  der  Natur  copertea  Vogel, 
ler  heft. 

List  of  the  Land  and  Fresh  water  Shells  found  in  the  environs  of  London. 
By  Daniel  Cooper. 

Alphabet  of  Insects.  By  James  Rennie.  12mo. 

Die  Wartung  und  Pflege  der  Singvogel. 

Systematised  Uebersichte  der  Vogel  Pommerus,  &c.  Von  Eugen  F.  von 
Homeyer. 

November  9th. 

Memoires  de  la  Societe  de  Physique  et  d’Hist.  Nat.  de  Geneve.  Tome  13, 
Lme  partie.  4to.  From  the  Society. 

Message  of  the  President  of  the  United  States,  communicating  the  Report  of 
M.  Balestier  on  the  subject  of  his  mission  to  Eastern  Asia.  From  Mr.  Charles 
E.  Smith. 

Memoir  on  the  European  Colonization  of  America  in  ante-historic  times. 
By  Dr.  C.  A.  Zesterman,  of  Leipsic,  with  observations  by  E.  G.  Squier,  Esq. 
From  Mr.  Squier. 

Bericht  iiber  die  Mittheilungen  von  Freunden  der  Naturwissenschaften  in 
Wien.  Herausg.  von  Wm.  Haidinger.  8vo.  From  the  Editor. 


xlvii. 


Tafeln  zur  Reduction  der  in  Millemetern  abgelesenen  Barometerstande  auf  die 
Normal-temperatur  von  0.  Celsius.  Yon  J.  J.  Pohl  und  J.  Shaber.  From  the 
Authors. 

Tafeln  aus  Vergleichung  und  Reduction  der  in  verscheidenen  Langenmassen 
abgelesenen  Barometerstande.  Von  J.  J.  Pohl  und  J.  Schaber.  From  the 
Authors. 

Archiv  fur  Anatomie,  Physiologie  und  wissenschaftliche  Medecin.  Yon  Dr. 
Johannes  Muller.  1851,  Nos.  1 — 6;  1852,  Nos.  1 — 4.  From  Dr.  Wilson. 

Zeitschrift  fur  wissenschaftliche  Zoologie.  Herausg.  von  C.  Theo.  von  Siebold 
und  A.  Kolliker.  4  band,  heft  1,  2.  From  the  same. 

The  following  were  presented  by  Mr.  Edward  Wilson,  on  the  usual  condition  : 

Synopsis  of  the  contents  of  the  British  Museum.  4th  edition. 

Untersuchungen  der  Schadelformen.  Von  Dr.  Joseph  Engel. 

Palaeontologische  Collectaneen.  Yon  Dr.  H.  G.  Bronn. 

Sylloge  Jungermannidearum  Europae  indigenarum.  Auctore  B.  C.  Dumortier. 

On  various  genera  of  Ruminants.  By  B.  H.  Hodgson,  Esq. 

On  the  cat-toed  Subplantigrades  of  the  Sub-Himalayas.  By  B.  H.  Hodgson,  Esq. 

Thibetan  Type  of  Mankind.  By  B.  H.  Hodgson,  Esq. 

Conspectus  Cyclostomaceorum  emendatus  et  auctus.  Auctore  Dr.  L.  Pfeiffer. 

The  Naturalist.  Nos.  14  and  15. 

The  Zoologist.  Nos.  112  and  113. 

A  History  of  British  Birds.  By  the  Rev.  F.  0.  Morris.  Nos.  23  and  24. 

Martini  Lister  exercitatio  anatomica.  8vo. 

Elements  de  Morphologie  humaine.  Par  J.  E.  Cornay  (de  Rochefort).  8vo. 

A  Treatise  on  the  Medicinal  Leech.  By  Jas.  R.  Johnson,  M.  D.  8vo. 

Essai  sur  l’education  des  Animaux,  le  chien  pais  pour  type.  Par  M.  Leonard. 
8vo. 

Recherches  sur  Porganisation  des  corps  vivans.  Par  J.  B.  Lamarck.  8vo. 

Seances  publiques  de  la  Societe  des  Amateurs  des  Sci.  et  Arts  de  la  ville  de 
Lille.  1806—1819.  8vo. 

Voyage  Metallurgique  en  Angleterre.  Par  MM.  Dufrenoy  et  Elie  de  Beau¬ 
mont.  8vo. 

Zoologie  Geographique.  L’Homme.  Par  E.  A.  G-.  Zimmermann.  8vo. 

C.  J.  Schoenherr.  Genera  et  Species  Curculionidum.  12mo. 

A  description  of  300  Animals.  8vo.  1730. 

A  description  of  a  great  variety  of  Animals  and  Vegetables :  (being  a  supple¬ 
ment  to  the  above.)  8vo.  1736. 

W.  Schimper’s  Reise  nach  Algierin  den  Jahren  1831-32.  8vo. 

Martini  Lister  de  Cochleis  liber.  8vo. 

Art  de  faire  eclorce  et  d’elver  en  toute  saison  des  Oiseaux  domestiques  de 
toutes  especes.  Par  M.  de  Reaumer.  2  vols.  12mo. 

The  ordering  of  Bees,  or  the  true  history  of  managing  them.  By  John  Le- 
vett.  4to. 

Essai  sur  l’histoire  de  la  Nature.  Par  MM.  Gavoty  et  Toulouzan.  3  vols.  8vo. 

De  formis  Plantarum  Leguminisorum  primitivis  et  derivatis.  Auctore  H. 
G.  Bronn.  8vo. 

Der  wohlerfahrene  Fischermeister.  Von  D.  J.  Tscheiner.  8vo. 

The  Vegetation  of  Europe.  By  A.  Henfrey.  12mo. 

Essai  sur  Paction  therapeutique  des  eaux  ferrugineuses  de  Passy.  Par  M. 
Chenu.  3me.  ed.  12mo. 

Naturgeschichte  des  Elchwildes  oder  Glens.  Von  J.  G.  Bukack.  12mo. 

Kurze  Beschriebung  der  Schlesichen  Saiigethiere.  Von  August  Kaluza.  12mo. 

Histoire  des  Membres  de  l’Academie  Royale  de  Medecine.  Par  E.  Pariset. 
2  vols.  12mo. 

Gaea  Heidelbergensis.  Von  Dr.  H.  G.  Bronn.  12mo. 

A  Treatise  of  Buggs.  By  John  Southall,  Esq.  1730. 

Relatio  brevis  physica  de  curiosissimis  duabus  Conchis  marinis,  Vulva  marina 
et  Concha  venerea.  A.  F.  E.  Bruckmanno.  4to.  1722. 

Dissert.  Academ.  novas  Coleopterorum  Fennicorum  species  sistens.  Auctor 
R.  F.  Sahlberg. 


xlviii. 


Description  d’une  nouvelle  espece  de  Mesange  de  la  Savoie.  (J.  B.  Bailly.) 
Annual  report  of  the  Yorkshire  Philosophical  Society,  Feb.  1852. 

Notes  des  quelques  especes  de  Picinees.  Par  M.  Alfred  Malherbe. 

Yerzeichniss  der  Gypsabgiisse.  Yon  J.  J.  Kaup  und  J.  B.  Scholl. 

Monographic  de  quelques  genres  de  Coleopteres  heteromeres  de  la  tribe  des 
Blapsides.  Par  F.  de  Breme. 

Quelques  materiaux  pour  servir  a  l’histoire  des  Filaires  et  des  Strangles.  Par 
Charles  Leblond.  8vo. 

Verzeichniss  der  in  der  Schweiz  einheimischen  Rhynchoten,  (Hemiptera,  Lin.) 
Yon  L.  R.  Meyer. 

Synopsis  der  Lepidopteren-Fauna  Bohmens.  Yon  F.  A.  Nickerl. 

Studi  Entomologici  di  F.  Baudi  und  E.  Truqui.  Tom.  1,  fascic.  1,  2. 

November  1  Gth. 

Journal  of  the  Franklin  Institute  for  November,  1852.  From  Dr.  Wilson. 
Nature  in  Disease  ;  an  address  delivered  before  the  Norfolk  Dist.  Med.  Society 
of  Massachusetts.  By  B.  E.  Cotting,  M.  D.  From  the  Author. 

Contributions  to  Conchology.  No.  11.  By  C.  B.  Adams.  From  the  Author. 
The  following  were  presented  by  Edward  Wilson,  Esq.  : 

Illustrations  of  the  Fossil  Conchology  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland.  By  Capt. 
Thomas  Brown.  4to. 

Disputatio  prima  topographica  de  Aurifodinis  Europse  et  Asiae.  A  Johanne  ' 
Bircheradio  Jani  Fil.  4to. 

A  Companion  to  the  Museum,  (late  Sir  Arthur  Lever’s).  4to. 

Yoyage  Scientifique  a  Naples  avec  M.  Magendie  en  1843.  Par  le  Dr.  C. 
James. 

Intorno  al  sistema  Idraulico  del  Po.  Dell'  Inq.  Elia  Lombardini. 

Orthoptera  Berolinensia.  Auctor  R.  A.  Philippi. 

Extraits  textuels  du  recueil  de  documents  relatifs  a  l’exploration  des  Mines 
Metalliferes  du  Departement  de  1’ Avignon.  8vo. 

Systematisches  Yerzeichniss  der  Seesterne,  Seeigel,  Conchylien  und  Pflan- 
zenthiere. 

Praktische  Bemerkungen  uber  die  kleine  Jagd.  Yon  J.  A.  Heink.  4to. 

Vier  und  zwanzig  Abbildungen  verscheidener  Hunde  nach  dem  Leben  ge- 
zeichnet  von  Magnus  Brasch.  4to. 

Note  Malacologiche  d’una  gita  in  Valbrembana  nel  Bergamasco,  di  Pelegrino 
Strobel. 

Notice  sur  le  systeme  Apophysaire.  Par  G.  Fischer  de  Waldheim. 

Beitrage  zur  kenntniss  der  Amerikanischen  Manatis  von  Heerman  Stannius. 
Ausfiihrliche  Berg-Information.  Yon  Abraham  von  Schonberg.  Folio. 
Ragionamento  Istorico  intorno  all’  Eruzione  del  Vesuvius  de  29  Luglio  dell’ 
anno  1779.  Di  G.  Gaetano  de  Bottis.  4to. 

Memoire  Geologique  sur  les  Terrains  du  Bas-Boulonnais,  &c.  Par  F.  Gamier. 
4to. 

Catalogue  des  Oiseaux  de  la  Collection  de  M.  le  Baron  Laugier  de  Char- 
trouse. 

Description  des  Mollusques  Fossiles  que  se  trouvent  dans  les  Gres  Yerts  des 
Environs  de  Geneve.  Par  F.  J.  Pictet  et  W.  Roux.  Livs.  1,  2.  4to. 

C.  R.  W.  Wiedemann’s  Uebersicht  der  Mineralogisch  einfaehen  Fossilien. 

Die  fossilien  Mollusken  des  Tertiar-Beckens  von  Wien.  Von  Paul  Partsch. 
Ausfiihrliche  Abhandlung  von  dem  Linkschnecken.  von  J.  H.  Chemnitz.  4to. 
Camilli  Ranzani  de  Naturali  historia  dissertationes.  4to. 

Notice  sur  la  Pierre  Asphaltique  du  Val  de  Travers.  Par  Henri  Fournel. 

J.  T.  Klein  ulterior  lucubratio  subterranea  de  Ferris  et  Mineralibus. 

Bedeutung  und  Stand  der  Mineralogie.  Von  Karl  Casar  von  Leonhard. 
Preisschrift  der  genaue  Messung  der  Winkel  an  Krystallen.  Yon  Dr.  A.  T. 
Kupffer. 

Memoires  d’un  Americain.  lme.  partie.  12mo. 

La  Platine,  l’Or  blanc,  ou  l’huitieme  metal.  12mo. 


xlix. 


D.  H.  Hoppe,  M.  D.  Enumeratio  Insectorum  Elytratorum  circa  Erlangam. 
8vo. 

Hernn  Peter  Osbeck  Reise  nach  Ostindien  und  China.  8vo. 

Augustule  et  Belloni,  ou  entretiens  sur  l’Entomologie.  Par  l’Abbe  J. 
Lalanne.  8vo. 

RecherchesExperimentales  et  Pathologiques  sur  les  proprietes  et  les  fonctions 
des  Faisceaux  de  la  Moelle  Epiniere  et  les  racines  des  Nerfs  Rachidiens.  Par 
F.  A.  Longet.  8vo. 

Manuel  du  Proprietaire  d’Abeilles.  Par  M.  Lombard.  8vo. 

De  Gigantibus  nova  disquisitio  historica  et  critica.  Auctore  A.  Sangutille  ; 
edidit  G.  Schutze.  8vo. 

J.  D.  Geyeri  Thargellus,  continens  Trigam  Medicam,  ex  Regno  Animali, 
Minerali  et  Vegetabili.  4to. 

Lyell’s  Manual  of  Elementary  Geology.  Postscript  to  the  3d  edition. 

On  Geology,  in  relation  to  the  studies  of  the  University  of  Oxford.  By  H.  E. 
Strickland. 

Recherches  sur  les  Glaciers.  Par  Jules  Grange. 

Erasmi  Bartholini  Experimenta  Crystalli  Islandici.  4to. 

Notice  sur  les  Mines  d’Asphalte,  Bitume  et  Lignites  de  Lobsann.  Par  M. 
Hericart  de  Thury. 

Etudes  Geologiques  sur  le  Department  de  l’Orne.  Par  M.  Blavier. 
Renseignements  sur  l’Afrique  Centrale  et  sur  une  nation  d’hommes  a  queue 
qui  s’y  trouverait.  Par  F.  de  Castelnau. 

A  Treatise  on  the  Bath  Waters.  By  Rice  Charleton,  of  Bath.  8vo. 

Essai  d’Ichthyologie  des  cotes  oceaniques  et  de  l'interieur  de  la  France.  Par 
M.  Desvaux. 

Nouvelle  Cosmologie  raisonnee.  Par  M.  J.  Lavezzari. 

On  the  structure  of  the  Iguanodon,  and  on  the  Fauna  and  Flora  of  the  Wealden 
Formation.  By  G.  A.  Man  tell. 

Systeme  Analytique  des  connaissances  positives  de  l’homme.  Par  M.  le  Chev. 
de  Lamarck.  8vo. 

Olavi  Rudbeckii  Fil.  Ichthyologise  Biblicae.  4to. 

La  Science  du  Plomb  Sacre  des  Sages,  ou  de  l’Antimoine.  4to. 
Disquisitiones  de  Avibus  ab  Aristotle.  Auctore  M.  Gloger. 

November  23  d. 

One  hundred  and  nine  Autographs  of  distinguished  literary  and  scientific  men. 
Presented  by  Mr.  E.  Durand. 

Novorum  Actorum  Acad.  C.  L.  C.  Nat.  Curiosorum  Yol.  23,  pars  posterior. 
4to.  From  the  Academy. 

Transactions  of  the  Second  Session  of  the  American  Pomological  Society,  held 
at  Philadelphia,  Sept.  1852.  8vo.  From  the  Society. 

Proceedings  of  the  Boston  Society  of  Natural  History.  Yol.  4.  pp.  209-224. 
From  the  Society. 

Contributions  to  Ornithology.  By  Sir  Wm.  Jardine,  1852.  Nos.  4  and  5. 
From  Mr.  H.  E.  Strickland. 

The  following  were  presented  by  Dr.  Wilson,  on  the  usual  condition  : 

Neuste  Schriften  der  Naturforsch  Gesellsch.  in  Danzig.  4  band  3  heft. 

List  of  the  specimens  of  Hemipterous  insects  in  the  British  Museum,  part  2 : 
list  of  British  Animals  in  the  same,  part  10.  Lepidoptera  continued. 

Journal  de  Conchyliologie.  An.  1852.  Nos.  1  et  2. 

London  Athenaeum  for  October,  1852. 

De  craniis  Estonum  Commentatio  anthropologica.  Auctore  Dr.  Alex.  Hueck. 
Geographische  Geschichte  des  Menschen.  Yon  G.  A.  B.  Zimmermann.  3 
vols.  8 vo. 

An  elementary  introduction  to  Mineralogy,  by  the  late  Wm.  Phillips.  New 
edition  by  H.  J.  Brooke  and  W.  H.  Miller.  8vo. 

On  the  origin  and  progress  of  Language.  (By  Montboddo.)  6  vols.  8vo. 

A  History  of  British  Birds  indigenous  and  migratory.  By  Wm.  Macgillivray. 
2  vols.  8vo. 


35 


1. 


Beytrage  zur  vergleichenden  Anatomie.  Von  J.  F.  Meckel.  2  vols.  8vo. 
Handbuck  der  vergleichenden  Anatomie  der  Haus-Saugethiere.  Von  Dr.  G. 
F.  Gurlt.  2  vols.  8vo. 

Mr.  Edward  Wilson  presented  the  following  on  the  usual  condition  : 

The  Naturalist,  conducted  by  Beverly  R.  Morris.  Nos.  16,  17,  18. 

The  Zoologist.  Nos.  114,  115,  116. 

A  History  of  British  Birds.  By  the  Rev.  F.  0.  Morris.  Nos.  25,  26,  27. 
Proceedings  of  the  Berwickshire  Naturalists’  Club.  Vol.  3,  No.  3. 

Some  inquiries  in  the  Province  of  Kemaon,  relative  to  Geology,  &c.  By  As¬ 
sistant  Surgeon  Jas.  McClelland.  8vo. 

A  Treatise  on  British  Song  Birds.  By  Patrick  Syme.  8vo. 

Animal  Biography.  By  the  Rev.  Wm.  Bingley.  3  vols. 

Chemistry  of  Animal  Bodies.  By  Thomas  Thomson,  M.  D.  8vo. 

Memoirs  of  Baron  Cuvier.  By  Mrs.  R.  Lee.  8vo. 

Life  of  Rev.  William  Kirby.  By  John  Freeman.  8vo. 

Bibliographia  Zoologiae  et  Geologise.  By  Prof.  L.  Agassiz.  Edited  by  H.  E.. 
Strickland.  Vol.  3.  8vo. 

Naturgeschichte  aller  deutschen  Zimmer  Haus-und  Jagdvogel.  Von  C.  G 
Friderich.  8vo. 

Mittheilungen  der  Naturforschenden  Gesellschaft  in  Bern.  1848,  '49,  ’50,  ’51. 
8vo. 

Scientific  Memoirs.  Edited  by  Richard  Taylor.  Vol.  5,  No.  20. 

Insecta  Saundersiana,  Diptera,  part  3.  By  Francis  Walker,  Esq.  8vo. 
Ornitologia  Siciliana.  Di  Luigi  Benoit.  8vo. 

Synopsis  of  the  contents  of  the  British  Museum.  56th  edition. 

Handbuch  der  Petrefactenkunde.  Von  F.  A.  Quenstedt.  No.  3.  8vo. 

A  discourse  on  Natural  Theology.  By  Henry  Lord  Brougham.  2d  edit.  8vo. 
Narrative  of  an  expedition  into  Central  Australia  in  1844,  ’5  and  ’6.  By 
Capt.  Charles  Sturt.  2  vols.  8vo. 

Elements  of  the  Economy  of  Nature.  By  J.  G.  Macvicar.  8vo. 

Travels  and  Adventures  in  Eastern  Africa.  By  Nathaniel  Isaacs.  2  vols. 
Hvo. 

The  Chronology  of  Creation,  or  Geology  and  Scripture  reconciled.  By  Thomas 
Hutton.  8vo. 

A  monograph  of  the  sub-class  Cirripedia.  By  Charles  Darwin.  8vo. 
Naturgeschichte  der  Stubenvogel.  Von  Dr.  J.  M.  Bechstein.  8vo. 

The  Unity  of  the  Human  Races  proved  to  be  the  doctrine  of  Scripture,  Reason 
and  Science.  By  Thomas  Smyth,  D.  D.  8vo. 

The  Earth  :  its  physical  condition,  and  most  remarkable  phenomena.  By  W. 
M.  Higgins.  2d  edition,  8vo. 

Bees.  Their  Natural  History  and  general  management.  By  Robert  Huish. 
8vo. 

Falcony  of  the  Valley  of  the  Indus.  By  Richard  E.  Burton.  8vo. 

Irish  Ethnology,  socially  and  politically  considered.  By  George  Ellis,  M.  D. 

1 2mo. 

The  Ethnology  of  the  British  Islands.  By  B.  G.  Latham,  M.  D.  12mo. 

The  Ethnology  of  Europe.  By  R.  G.  Latham,  M.  D.  12mo. 

Encyclopedic  d’Histoire  Naturelle.  Par  M.  Chenu.  Oiseaux,  part  3,  serie  1 — 1. 

December  7  th. 

Report  of  the  Geology  of  the  Lake  Superior  Land  District.  By  J.  W.  Foster 
k  J.  D.  Whitney.  Parts  1  and  2.  8vo.  and  Maps.  From  the  Authors. 

Jahresbericht  des  Naturwissenschaftlichen  Vereins  in  Halle.  (1850, 1851,  and 
2  parts  1852.)  From  the  Association. 

Charleston  Medical  Journal  and  Review  for  Nov.  1852.  From  the  Editors. 
Congressional  Report  of  the  Hon.  Edward  Stanley  and  Hon.  Alexander  Evans, 
on  the  Ether  Discovery.  From  Dr.  C.  T.  Jackson. 

A  Memoir  on  the  Life  and  Character  of  James  B.  Rogers,  M.  D.  By  Joseph 
Carson,  M.  D.  From  the  Author. 


li. 


Dr.  Wilson  presented  the  following  on  the  usual  condition : 

Revue  et  Magazin  de  Zoologie,  1852.  No.  9. 

Comptes  Rendus.  Tome  35.  Nos.  13 — 17,  et  index  to  tome  34. 
Palseontograpbica — Beitrage  zur  Naturgeschichte  der  Vorwelt.  Yon  Dr.  W. 
Dunker  und  H.  Yon  Meyer.  2d  band,  6  lief. 

The  Birds  of  Asia.  By  John  Gould.  Part  4.  Folio. 

Monograph  of  the  Trochilid®  or  Humming  Birds.  By  John  Gould.  Parts  3 
and  4.  Folio. 

Quarterly  Journal  of  Microscopical  Science.  No.  1.  8vo* 

The  London,  Edinburgh  and  Dublin  Philosophical  Magazine,  Nov.  1852. 
Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History,  Nov.  1852. 

Conchologia  Iconica.  By  Lovel  Reeve.  Part  112. 

Mr.  Edward  Wilson  presented  the  following  on  the  usual  condition  : 

Die  Fasanen,  Papagien  und  Affen  fur  Liebhaber  dieser  Thiere. 

J.  H.  Degneri  dissertatio  physica  de  Turfis.  12mo. 

L’Etna  aep.  Cornelius  Severus,  et  les  sentences  de  Publius  Syrus,  traduits  en 
Frangais.  12mo. 

Le  secret  decouvert  du  flux  et  reflux  de  la  mer,  et  des  Longitudes.  Par  M. 
Cesar  D’Argons.  12mo.  1656. 

A  discourse  on  Bath,  and  the  Hot  Waters  there.  By  Thomas  Guidott.  12mo. 
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Spadacrene,  ou  dissertation  physique  sur  les  eaux  de  Spa.  Par  Henri  de  Heers. 
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Tableau  Mineralogique  des  Roches  des  Yosges.  Par  Henri  Hogard. 
Observationes  Anatomic®  de  Pelvi  Reptilium.  Auctore  L.  E.  Fr.  Lorenz. 
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Guide  du  Yoyageur  a  la  Grotte  de  la  Balme.  Par  M.  Bourritt  aine.  2d  ed. 
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De  Gemmis  Plinii,  imprimis  de  Topazio.  Scripsit  E.  F.  Glocker. 

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Commentatio  de  Entozois,  auctore  G.  J.  Mulder,  8vo. 

Recherches  sur  les  causes  des  principaux  faites  physiques.  Par  J.  B.  Lamarck. 
2  vols.  8vo. 


lii. 


Mineralogie  Synoptique.  Par  MM.  Hericart  de  Thury  et  Houry.  8vo. 

La  Scandinavie  et  les  Alpes.  Par  Ch.  Victor  de  Bonstettin.  8vo. 

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Relation  historique  du  Tremblement  de  Terre  servenu  a  Lisbonne  le  ler  Nov. 
1755.  8vo. 

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Naturgeschichte  des  Fasans.  8vo. 

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Geognostische  Beobachtungen  und  Eriehhrungen  vorziiglich  in  Hinsicht  des 
Basaltes.  Von  George  Christ  Sartorius. 

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C.  Sartorius. 

Systematische  Darstellung  der  Mineral-korper.  Von  F.  Anton. 

Practische  Mineralogie  zum  Selbststudium.  Von  J.  H.  G.  Rieth. 
Considerations  sur  la  Nitrification.  Par  A.  Durand. 

Geognostiches  Studien  am  Mitterlheine.  Von  Johann  Steininger.  8vo. 
Neue  Beitrag  zur  Geschichte  der  Rheinischen  Vulcane.  Von  Joh.  Steininger. 
Die  erloschen  Volcane  in  Sudfrunkreich.  Von  J.  Steininger. 

Histoire  des  Tremblements  de  Terre  arrives  a  Lima.  Traduite  a  l’Anglois. 
Par  M.  Hales,  D.D.  12mo. 

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Speculum  Lapidum  Camilli  Leonhardi.  12mo. 

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bergischen  Berghaues.  Von  Carl  J.  Loschen.  12mo. 

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De  omni  Rerum  Fossilium  genere,  &c.  Opera  Conradi  Gesner.  12mo. 
Theoretical  table  of  the  most  general  European  succession  and  disposition  of 
the  Strata  and  Rocks  composing  the  Crust  of  the  Earth.  By  M.  Alex.  Brong- 
niart. 

December  14  th. 

A  Treatise  on  the  Insects  of  New  England,  which  are  injurious  to  vegetation- 
By  T.  W.  Harris,  M.  D.  2d  edition,  8vo. 

Biographical  notice  of  J.  Kearney  Rodgers,  M.  D.  By  Edward  Delafield,  M.D. 
From  the  Author. 

The  following  were  presented  by  Mr.  E.  Wilson  on  the  usual  condition  : 
Palaeontographical  Society.  Fossil  Corals  of  Great  Britain,  part  3  ;  Fossil 
Brachiopoda  of  Great  Britain,  parts  1  and  2  ;  Fossil  Shells  of  the  London  Clay, 
part  2  ;  Fossil  Radiata  of  the  Crag  and  London  Clay  Formations.  4to. 


An  Epitome  of  the  Nat.  History  of  the  Insects  of  China.  By  E.  Donovan.  4to. 
An  Epitome  of  the  Nat.  History  of  the  Insects  of  India.  By  E.  Donovan.  4to. 
Fauna  del  Regno  di  Napoli.  Di  Oronzio  Gabriele  Costa.  16  parts,  4to. 

Flora  Egyptiaco-Arabica;  Descriptiones  Animalium ;  leones  Rerum  Natura- 
lium.  AR.  Forskal.  4to. 

Versuch  fiber  das  vierfussige  Siugthier  Reem  der  heiligen  Schrift.  Yon  D. 
Fried.  Ant.  Meyer.  8vo. 

Svenska  Foglarna.  Af  J.  Ad.  af  Strom.  l'2mo. 

December  2 1 . 

Transactions  de  la  Societe  d’Agriculture  du  Bas  Canada.  Vol.  5,  Nos.  10  and 
11.  From  M.  Latour. 

Wisconsin:  its  Geography  and  Topography.  ByR.  T.  Latham.  8vo.  From 
the  author. 

Journal  of  the  Franklin  Institute,  Dec.  1852.  From  Dr.  Wilson. 

London  Athenaeum  for  November,  1852.  From  the  same. 


DONATIONS  TO  MUSEUM 

In  January  and  February,  1853. 

January  4th. 

A  collection  of  plants,  and  a  fine  specimen  of  Yaranus - .  From  Dr. 

E.  K.  Kane,  U.  S.  N. 

Sciurus  migratorius,  from  Pennsylvania.  From  Dr.  A.  L.  Heermann. 
January  11  th. 

Skins  of  the  following  Birds,  viz  :  Ceriornis  occidentalis,  Parus  montanus, 
Athene  fuscata,  from  California  ;  Thalassidroma  melanogaster,  from  Cape  Horn. 
Also,  five  crania  of  birds ;  nest  of  Psaltria  minima ;  skins  of  Dipodomys  Phil- 

lipsii,  Bassaris  astuta,  Lepus - ?  ,  Spermophilus  Douglasii,  Canis  cinereo- 

argentatus,  Mus  musculus  (albino),  from  California.  Presented  by  Dr.  Heer¬ 
mann. 

Cercopithecus  cephus.  From  Dr.  Ruschenberger. 

Procyon  lotor ;  horn  of  Antilope  oryx,  from  South  Africa.  From  Dr.  G. 
Watson. 

Lepidodendron - ?  From  Pierce  Butler,  Esq, 

February  lsf. 

Three  fine  specimens  of  Phosphate  of  Lead,  from  the  Wheatley  mine,  near 
Phcenixville,  Penn.  From  Mr.  Charles  M.  Wheatley. 

Thirty-one  crania  of  Birds,  and  two  of  Mammals.  From  Mr.  G.  W.  Fahne¬ 
stock. 

Meandrina - ?  From  Bermuda.  From  J.  Taylor. 

February  1 5th. 

Two  large  slabs  of  millstone  grit  (carboniferous)  with  fossil  impressions, 
from  a  quarry  near  Pictou,  N.  S.  From  Constant  Gillou,  Esq. 

Galena,  from  the  Wheatley  Mine,  Chester  co.,  Penn.  From  Mr.  C.  M. 
Wheatley. 

Arvicola  riparius,  Ord.  From  Major  LeConte. 

Anota  JVTcCallii,  Hallowell,  and  Phrynosoma  coronatum,  Blain.  from  California. 
From  Col.  McCall. 

Ateles  Geoffroyi,  Kuhl.  From  Mr.  Edwards. 

Nycticorax  americana,  (mounted).  From  Mr.  W.  S.  Wood. 


DONATIONS  TO  LIBRARY 
In  January  and  February,  1853. 

January  4th. 

Ameiican  Journal  of  Science  and  Arts,  Jan.,  1853.  From  the  Editors. 
Journal  d’Agriculture,  ou  Transactions  de  la  Societe  d’Agriculture  du  Bas 
Canada.  Vol.  5,  No.  12.  From  M.  Hugues  Latour. 

46 


liy. 


Report  of  the  Geological  Survey  of  Wisconsin,  Iowa  and  Minnesota ;  and  inci¬ 
dentally  of  a  portion  of  Nebraska  Territory.  By  David  Dale  Owen,  M.  D.  2 
vols.,  4to.  From  the  Author/ 

Description  of  the  remains  of  extinct  Mammalia  and  Chelonia,  from  Nebraska 
Territory,  collected  during  the  Geological  Survey  under  the  direction  of  Dr.  D. 
D.  Owen.  By  Joseph  Leidy,  M.  D.  From  the  Author. 

A  retrospective  glance  at  the  progressive  state  of  the  Natural  History  Society 
of  Montreal.  By  Major  R.  Lachlan.  From  M.  Huguet  Latour. 

Proceedings  of  the  General  Committee  of  the  North  Shore  Railroad.  From 
the  same. 

Report  of  the  preliminary  Survey  of  the  Water  Supply  of  the  city  of  Montreal. 
By  Thos.  C.  Keefer.  From  the  same. 

Annales  de  Chimie  et  de  Physique.  3me  serie.  Tomes  34,  35,  36,  pts.  1  et  2, 
From  Dr.  Wilson. 

Traite  de  Physiologie.  Par  F.  A.  Longet.  Tome  1.  From  the  same. 

Mr.  Edw.  Wilson  presented  the  following,  ,  on  the  usual  condition  : 
L’Organisation  du  Regne  Animal.  Par  Emile  Blanchard.  2e  liv.  4to. 
Description  des  os  fossiles  de  l’Ours  des  Cavernes.  Par  Jean  Chr.  Rosen- 
miieller. 

Untersuchung  zweier  neuen  Mystriosaurus-Skelette  aus  den  Wurttemberger 
Lias-Schiefern.  Von  H.  G.  Bronn. 

Allgemeine  Zoologie  in  ihren  Gattungs-Repraesentanten  nach  den  neuesten 
Untersuchungen  dargestellt  und  mit  den  noethigen  Zugaben,  begleitet  von 
Jac.  Kaup.  4to.  Nos.  1 — 5. 

Bericht  fiber  die  wissenschaftlichen  Leistungen  im  Gebiete  der  Entomologie. 
Yon  Dr.  H.  Schaum.  8vo.  1848,  1849. 

Annual  Reports  of  the  Yorkshire  Philosophical  Society.  1823,  ’24, 525and’42. 
The  Transactions  of  the  Allelodidactic  Society.  Yol.  1,  pts.  1  and  2.  8vo. 
Dissertatio  academica  migrationes  Avium  sistens.  AuctoreC.  D.  Ekmarck. 
Dissertatio  entomologica  de  Hemipteris  maxillosis  Capensibus.  Auctore  J. 
A.  Arnberg. 

Synopsis  Specierum  generis  Asterum  Herbacearum.  Ab  Chr.  G.  Nees  ab 
Esenbeck,  M.  D. 

Bouwstoffen  voor  Eene  Fauna  Van  Nederland.  Door  J.  A.  Herklots.  Ite. 
deel.,  2e.  stuck.  8vo. 

Abhandlungen  der  naturhistorischen  Gesellschaft  zu  Nurnberg.  Heft  1,  1852. 
Planches  Coloriees  des  Oiseaux  de  la  Belgique.  Par  Ch.  F.  Dubois.  14  liv. 
Naturhistorische  Abhandlung  fiber  die  Blutegel  und  ihren  medicinischen 
Gebrauch.  Von  J.  J.  Knoch.  8vo. 

Epitome  Entomologiae  Systematicse  secundum  Fabricium.  Auctore  M. 
Gustave  M.  Henkschid.  4to. 

Die  Hernn  Geoffroy,  kurze  Abhandlung  von  den  Conchylien.  8vo. 

The  Wonders  of  the  Deep.  By  Arnold  Vanhaeken.  Folio.  1762. 

Versuch  einer  Geschichte  und  Physiologie  der  Thiere.  Von  Johann  W. 
Linck.  8vo. 

Vergleichende  Zoologie.  Von  J.  L.  G.  Gravenhorst.  8vo. 

Histoire  Naturelle  de  la  Province  de  Languedoc.  ParM.  de  Genssane.  4  vols. 
8vo. 

Versuch  einer  Mineralogie  fur  Anfanger  und  Liebhaber.  Von  Abbe  Estner. 
3  vols.  8vo. 

Bemerkungen  einer  Reise  im  russischen  Reich  im  Jahre  1772.  Von  I.  G. 
Georgi.  2  vols.  4to. 

The  Natural  History  of  Iceland.  By  Mr.  N.  Horrebow.  Folio. 

TabulaB  ad  illustrandam  Embryogenesim  Hominis  et  Mammalium  tam  natu- 
ralem  quam  abnormem.  Auctore  W.  Vrolik,  M.  D.  Folio. 

Jacobi  Petiveri  Opera  Historiam  Naturalem  spectantia.  2  vols.  Folio. 

January  11  th. 

Quarterly  Journal  of  the  Geological  Society.  Vol.  8,  No.  32.  From  the 
Society. 


lv. 


Journal  d’Agriculture,  ou  Trans,  de  la  Societe  d’Agriculture  du  Bas  Canada. 
Vol.  5,  No.  9.  From  M.  Hugues  Latour. 

Annales  des  Mines.  4me.  serie,  tome  20,  4me.  liv.  de  1851 ;  5me.  serie,  3me. 
liv.  de  1852.  From  l’Ecole  des  Mines. 

Report  of  the  22d  Exhibition  of  American  Manufactures,  Oct.  1852,  by  the 
Franklin  Institute.  From  Dr.  Rand. 

The  following  were  presented,  on  the  usual  condition,  by  Dr.  Wilson  : 

The  Mammals  of  Australia.  By  John  Gould.  Part  4.  Folio. 

Zoologie  et  Paleontologie  Frangaise.  Par  M.  Paul  Gervais.  Nos.  15  to  18. 

Conchologia  Iconica.  By  Lovell  Reeve.  Pts.  113,  114. 

London,  Edinburgh  and  Dublin  Philosophical  Magazine,  Dec.  1852,  and  Sup¬ 
plementary  No. 

Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History.  December,  1852. 

Memoirs  of  the  Geological  Survey  of  the  United  Kingdom.  Decade  6. 

Memoirs  of  the  Literary  and  Philosophical  Society  of  Manchester.  2d  series, 
vol.  10. 

Zeitschrift  fur  Malakozoologie.  Von  Menke  und  Pfeiffer.  1852.  Nos.  9, 10,  11. 

The  following  were  presented  by  Mr.  Edward  Wilson,  on  the  usual  condition: 

Untersuchungen  fiber  wichtige  Gegenstande  der  Naturwissenschaft  und 
Medecin.  Yon  Leopold  Chr.  Treviranus.  Svo. 

Lieblingsobjekte  im  Felde  der  Naturforschung.  Von  Dr.  Fr.  v.  P.  Gruithuisen. 
8vo. 

D.  Wilhelm  Josephi,  Grundriss  der  Naturgeschichte  des  Menschen.  8vo. 

Beitrage  zur  Geschichte  und  nahern  Kenntniss  fossiler  Knochen.  Von  J.  C. 
Rosenmfieller.  8vo. 

Magazin  fur  Thiergeschichte,  Thieranatomie  und  Thierarztneikunde.  Von 
Fr.  A.  A.  Meyer.  2  pts.  Svo. 

Joannis  Mueller  de  respiratione  Foetus.  8vo. 

Compendium  der  gesammten  Naturgeschichte.  Von  F.  T.  Kiitzing.  8vo. 

Darstellung  der  gesammten  Organisation  von  J.  B.  Wilbrand.  2  vols.  Svo. 

Lehrbuch  der  Zoologie  von  F.  S.  Voight.  6  vols.  8vo.  and  Atlas. 

Magazin  fur  Insektenkunde.  Von  Karl  Illiger.  6  band. 

Neue  Raupenkalender.  Von  Christian  Schwarz.  8vo. 

J.  Chr.  Fabricii  Resultate  Naturhistorische  Vorlesungen.  8vo. 

Schmetterlings-Cabinet  fur  Kinder.  8vo. 

Die  schadlichster.  Schmetterlinge  Deutschlands.  Von  G.  F.  Freyer.  8vo. 

Conspectus  Arachnidum.  Auctores  Dr.  C.  J.  Sundevall  et  S.  Hardin.  Part  1. 
12mo. 

The  artificial  production  of  Fish.  By  Piscarius. 

Entomologisches  Taschenbuch  fur  Schmetterlings-Sammler.  Von  G.  L.  von 
Muller.  8  vo. 

Das  Mikroskop.  Von  Dr.  Heinrich  Rockstroh. 

Katalog  der  Bibliothek  des  K.  K.  Hof-Mineralien-Cabinets  in  Wien.  Von 
Paul  Partsh.  Royal  8vo. 

Catalogo  sistematico  e  ragionato  de  Testacei  delle  due  Sicilie  di  Oronzio 
Gabriel  Costa.  4to. 

Ueber  Cochenille  am  Ararat  und  fiber  Wurzel-cochenille  im  Allgemeinen  von 
Akad.  Staatsrath  Hamel.  4to. 

Entomologische  Beytrage  von  J.  R.  Schellenberg.  1  heft.  4to. 

Memoire  sur  la  Constitution  geognostique  de  la  Province  de  Brabant.  Par  H. 
Galeotti.  4to. 

Catalog  der  Bibliothek  der  Ministerial-Abtheilung  ffir  Bergwerke,  Hfitten  und 
Salinen.  4to. 

Mineralogische  Geographic  der  Chursachsischen  Lande  von  J.  F.  W.  Char- 
pentier.  4to. 

Beobachtungen  fiber  die  Lagerstatte  der  Erze  hauptsachlich  aus  den  silchsis- 
chen  Gebirgen.  Von  J.  F.  W.  von  Charpentier.  4to. 

Beytriig  zur  geognostischen  Kenntniss  des  Riesengebirges  schlesischen  An-- 
theils  von  J.  F.  W.  von  Charpentier.  4to. 

Ueber  das  Urvolk  der  Erde.  Von  D.  Aug.  H.  C.  Gelpke.  8vo. 


lvi. 


Jahrbuch  der  Naturgeschichte.  Von  W.  G.  Tilesius.  8vo. 

Naturhistorische  Briefe  liber  Oestreich,  Salzburg,  Passau  und  Berchtesgaden. 
Von  Franz  von  Paula  Schrank  und  Karl  E.  Ritter  von  Moll.  8vo. 

Musei  Petiveriani  Centuria  prima.  A  Jacobo  Petiver.  8vo. 

Proceedings  of  the  Royal  Society,  Nos.  86,  87. 

Hydrotheologie.  Von  J.  A.  Fabricio.  8vo. 

Magazin  des  Thierreichs.  3  parts,  4to. 

February  ls£. 

On  the  extinct  species  of  American  Ox.  (From  the  Smithsonian  Contri¬ 
butions  to  Knowledge,  vol.  5.)  Description  of  an  extinct  species  of  American 
Lion,  Felis  atrox.  A  Memoir  on  the  extinct  Dicotylinae  of  America,  (from 
the  Trans,  of  Amer.  Philos.  Soc.  vol.  10.)  By  Joseph  Leidy,  M.D.  From 
the  Author. 

Report  of  Lieut.  Col.  Graham,  on  the  subject  of  the  boundary  line  between 
the  United  States  and  Mexico.  From  Col.  Graham. 

Sixth  Annual  Report  ( 1 8^2 )  of  the  Board  of  Regents  of  the  Smithsonian  In¬ 
stitution.  From  the  Institution. 

Transactions  of  the  Albany  Institute.  Vol.  2,  8vo.  From  the  Institute. 

Catalogue  of  flowering  plants  and  shrubs  observed  in  the  vicinity  of  Cincin¬ 
nati.  By  Joseph  Clark.  (Adopted  and  published  by  the  Western  Acad,  of  Nat. 
Science.)  From  the  Academy. 

Proceedings  of  the  Boston  Society  of  Natural  History.  Vol.  4,  pp.  225 — 240. 
From  the  Society. 

Annals  of  Science ;  conducted  by  Hamilton  A.  Smith,  Nos.  6  and  7.  From 
the  Editor. 

Catalogue  des  principales  monstruosites  dans  Fhomme  et  dans  les  animaux. 
Par  N.  E.  Regnault.  Folio.  From  Major  Le  Conte. 

Monographic  des  Guepes  Solitaires.  Par  H.  F.  de  Saussure.  lme  cahier. 
From  the  Author. 

Plantae  Javanicae  Rariores.  By  Thomas  Horsfield,  M.  D.  Part  4,  4to.  From 
the  Author. 

Dr.  Wilson  presented  the  following,  on  the  usual  condition  : 

Revue  et  Magazin  de  Zoologie,  1852,  Nos.  10,  11. 

Annales  de  Chimie.  3me  serie.  Tome  36,  Nov.  1852. 

London  Athenaeum  for  December,  1852. 

Comptes  Rendus.  Tome  35,  Nos.  18 — 24. 

Journal  of  the  Franklin  Institute  for  Jan.  1853. 

The  following  were  presented  by  Mr.  Edward  Wilson,  on  the  usual  condition  : 

Ornithologia  Danica.  Danmarks  Fugle  beskrevne  af  R.  Kjaerbolling.  Text, 
pts.  1,  2,  3. 

The  New  Zealand  Magazine.  Vol.  1,  Nos.  1  and  2. 

Appendix  to  a  list  of  the  Genera  of  Birds.  By  Geo.  R.  Gray. 

Geognostische  Wanderungen  im  Gebiete  der  nordostlichen  Alpen.  Von  Carl 
Ehrlich. 

Vollstar.diges  Handbuch  der  Naturgeschichte  der  Vogel  Europas  mit  beson- 
derer  Riicksicht  auf  Deutschlands.  Von  Dr.  C.  L.  Gloger.  Nos.  1 — 6.  8vo. 

Tableau  Ethnographique  du  Genre  Humain.  Par  Victor  Courtet  de  L’Isle. 

Anatomisch-physiologische  Uebersicht  des  Thierreichs.  Von  C.  Bergmann 
und  R.  Leuckart.  Part  3. 

De  Ursi  Longirostris  Sceleto.  Auctor  H.  de  Pommeresche. 

Eduardi  d’Alton  de  Pythonis  ac  Boarum  Ossibus  Commentatio. 

Observationes  nonnullae  in  Coleopterce  Indiae  Orientalis.  Ab  Max.  Perty. 

Beitrage  zur  Anatomie  der  Entozoen.  Von  Dr.  F.  J.  C.  Mayer. 

Descriptio  Osteologica  capitis  Myrmecophagne  Jubat®.  Auctor  J.  A.  Tuch. 

De  cerebris  Piscium  Ostacanthorum  Aquas  Nostras  incolentium.  Auctor  A. 
A.  Klaatsch. 

Observationes  de  sceleto  Astaci  fluviatilis  et  Marini.  Auctor  C.  E.  Hasse. 

De  Organis,  quibus  aves  spiritum  ducunt.  Auctor  ,Lehmanus  Fuld.  4to. 


lvii. 


Neue  Annalen  der  wetteranischen  Gesellschaft  fur  die  gesammte  Naturkunde. 
ler  Band.  4to. 

Ueber  Entvvickelungsgeschichte  der  Thiere.  Von  Dr.  Karl  Ernst  von  Baer. 
Parts  1  and  2.  4to. 

Six  Months’  Residence  and  Travels  in  Mexico.  By  W.  Bullock.  8vo. 

A  Journal  of  a  visit  to  South  Africa.  By  the  Rev.  C.  J.  Latrobe.  2ded.  8vo. 
Fische  aus  Caschmir  gesammelt  und  herausg.  von  Carl  F.  V.  Hiigel.  Be- 
schreiben  von  J.  J.  Heckel.  4to. 

Travels  in  Southern  Africa,  in  the  years  1803 — 1806.  By  Henry  Lichten¬ 
stein.  4to.  Translated  from  the  original  German  by  Anne  Plumptre.  4to. 

The  Natural  History  of  Wiltshire.  By  John  Aubrey.  Edited,  &c.  by  John 
Britton.  4to. 

Encyclopedic  d’Histoire  Naturelle.  Insectes  2e  partie,  series  4,  5,  6 ; 
Oiseaux  2e  partie,  series  5  and  6. 

Die  Versteinerungen  der  bohmischen  Kreideformation,  beschreiben  von  Dr. 
August  Em.  Reuss.  4to. 

Die  Saugethiere,  Voge!  und  Amphibien  nach  ihrer  geographischen  Verbrei- 
tung  von  Dr.  Heermann  Pompper.  Folio. 

Die  Versteinerungen  der  Grauwackenformation  in  Sachsen  und  den  angren- 
zenden  Lander-Abtheilungen.  Von  Hanns  Bruno  Geinitz.  4to. 

Abbildungen  zu  Oken’s  allgemeiner  Naturgeschichte  fiir  Alle  Stande.  Nos. 
2—5. 

Observations  anatomiques  sur  la  Sirene  mise  en  parallele  avec  le  Protee  et  le 
Tetard  de  la  Salamandre  aquatique.  Par  Maur  Rusconi.  Folio. 

Birds  from  Nature;  designed  and  engraved  by  Nicholas  Robert.  Folio. 
1673. 

Testacea  Fluviatilia  quas  in  itinere  per  Brasiliam  annis  1817 — 1820  suscepto 
collegit  et  pingenda  curavit  Dr.  J.  B.  de  Spix.  Folio. 

Naumannia.  Archiv  fiir  die  Ornithologie  vorzugsweise  Europa’s.  Von  E. 
Baldanus.  Vol.  2,  No.  1. 

Planches  Coloriees  des  Oiseaux  de  la  Belgique  et  de  leurs  Oeufs.  Par  C.  F. 
Dubois.  Nos.  11,  12,  13. 

Synopsis  methodica  Molluscorum.  Auctore  C.  F.  Menke,  M.D. 

February  8 tlu 

Observationes  de  speciebus  nonnullis  generis  Mycetophila  vel  novis  vel  minus 
cognitis.  Auctore  F.  H.  Stannius.  4to. 

Vermischte  Abhandlungen  aus  der  Thiergeschichte  von  Blasius  Merrem.  4to. 
Klassifikazion  und  Beschreibung  der  europaischen  Zweifliigligen  Insekten, 
(Diptera,  Linn.)  Von  J.  W.  Meigen.  2  vols.  4to. 

Grundriss  der  Versteinerungskunde  von  Hans  Bruno  Geinitz.  8vo. 

M.  F.  Ledermiiller’s  Mikroskopische  Gemuths  und  Ungen-Ergotzung.  4to. 
Kaferbuch  oder  allgemeiae  und  specielle  Naturgeschichte  der  Kafer.  Von 

F.  Berge.  4to. 

Schmetterlingsbuch  oder  allgemeine  und  besondere  Naturgeschichte  der 
Schmetterlinge.  Von  F.  Berge.  4to. 

Abhandlungen  bei  Begriindung  der  koniglich  sachsischen  Gesellschaft  der 
Wissenschaften  am  Tage  der  Zweihundertjahrigen  Geburtsfeier  Leibnizens, 
herausg.  von  der  Furstlich  Jablononowskischen  Gesellschaft.  8vo. 

Amphibiorum  nudorum  Neurologiae  specimen  primum:  scripsit  J.  G.  Fischer. 
Prodromus  descriptiones  Animalium  ab  H.  Mertensio  in  orbis  Terrarum  cir- 
cumnavigatione  observatorum.  Auctore  J.  F.  Brandt.  Fascic.  1.  4to. 

Ontleedkundige  Nasporingen  over  De  Hersenen  van  den  Chimpanse.  Door 
J.  L.  C.  Schroeder  Van  der  Kolk  en  W.  Vrolik. 

N.  G.  Gevens  Conchylien-Cabinet,  herausgeg.  und  beschreiben  von  Fried. 
Bachman.  Pts.  1 — 8.  4to. 

Ueber  die  Pflanzenversteinerungen  welche  in  dem  Bausandstein  von  Stuttgart 
vorkommen  von  Med.  Dr.  G.  F.  Jaeger. 

Entdeckung  eines  einfachen  vom  Herzen  aus  beschleunigten  Blutkreisslaufes 
in  dem  Larven  netzfliiglicher  Insecten.  Von  Dr.  C.  G.  Carus.  4to. 


lviii. 


Monstra  Animalium  duplicia  per  anatomen  indagata  descripsit,  &c.  Dr.  J.  C. 
L.  Barkowius.  2  vols.  4to. 

Die  Labyrinthodonten  aus  dem  Saarbriicker  Steinkohlengebirge.  Yon  Dr.H. 
Burmeister.  3e  abth.  4to. 

Das  rheinische  Uebergangsgebirge.  Von  Carl  F.  Roemer.  4to. 

The  primitive  origination  of  Mankind,  considered  and  examined  according  to 
the  light  of  Nature.  Written  by  the  Hon.  Sir  Matthew  Hale.  Folio. 

Zur  Kenntniss  kleinster  Lebensformen  nach  Bau,  Funktionem,  Systematik, 
mit  Specialverzeichniss  der  in  der  Schweiz  beobachteten,  von  Dr.  Max.  Perty. 
Folio. 

Gulielmi  Pisonis  de  Indias  Utriusque  re  naturaliet  medica  libri  quatuordecim. 
Folio. 

Museum  Regium,  seu  Catalogus  Rerum  quae  in  Basilica  Bibliothecae  Aug. 
Daniae  Norvegiaeque  Monarchae  Friderici  4ti  Havniae  asservantur,  ab  Oligaero 
Jacobaeo  quondam  descriptus,  nunc  vero  illustratus  accurante  Johanne  Lauer- 
entzen.  Folio. 

Micrographia.  By  R.  Hooke.  Folio,  1665. 

Insecta  Laponica  descripta  a  J.  W.  Zetterstedt.  Folio. 

February  1 5th» 

Journal  d’Agriculture,  ou  Trans,  de  la  Soc.  d’Agriculture  du  Bas-Canada. 
Yol.  6,  No.  1.  From  M.  Hugues  Latour. 

Charleston  Med.  Journal  and  Review,  Jan.  1853.  From  the  Editor. 
Proceedings  of  the  Boston  Society  of  Nat.  History.  Vol.  4,  pp.  241 — 256. 
From  the  Society. 

Journal  of  the  Indian  Archipelago  and  Eastern  Asia.  Vol.  6,  Nos.  6,  7,  8. 
From  the  Editor. 

Dr.  Wilson  presented  the  following,  on  the  usual  condition : 

Journal  of  the  Franklin  Institute  for  Feb.  1853. 

Conchologia  iconica.  By  Lovell  Reeve.  Part  1 15. 

History  of  British  Mollusca  and  their  Shells.  By  Prof.  Forbes  and  S.  Hanley. 
Part  49. 

Memoirs  of  the  Geological  Survey  of  the  United  Kingdom.  Decade  4. 
Quarterly  Journal  of  Microscopical  Science.  No.  2. 

London,  Edinburgh  and  Dublin  Philosoph.  Magazine  for  Jan.  1853. 

Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History,  Jan.  1853. 

Die  Urwelt  in  ihren  Yerschiedenen  Bildungs-perioden.  Von  Dr.  F.  Unger. 
4to.  and  atlas  folio. 

Fossile  Flora  des  Uebergangsgebirges  von  Dr.  H.  R.  Goeppert.  4to. 
Abhandlungen  der  Mathemat-Physikalischen  Classe  der  k.  bayerisch.  Akad. 
der  Wissenschaften.  Vols.  1,  2,  3,  4,  No.  1,  5,  No.  3, and  6.  (Completing  series 
in  the  Library.)  • 


DONATIONS  TO  MUSEUM. 

In  March  and  April,  1853. 

March  Is?. 

Twenty-nine  Bird-skins,  of  the  following  species  : — Uria  Brunnichii,  Puffinus 
major,  Prion  vittatus,  P.  Banksii,  Procellaria  mollis,  Sturnella  neglecta,  Totanus 
.stagnatilis,  Lanius  minor,  L.  excubitor,  Emberiza  miliaria,  E.  citrinella, 
Accentor  alpinus,  Anthus  aquaticus,  Loxia  curvirostra,  Sylvia  atricapilla,  1 
S.  melanopogon,  Ruticilla  phenicurus  $  ,  R.  tithys,  Moticilla  alba,  M.  flava, 
Carduelis  elegans,  Alauda  arborea,  Chelidon  urbica.  Presented  by  Dr.  A.  L. 
Heermann. 

Specimen  of  Nasua  fusca  ;  from  South  America.  Presented  by  Mr.  Edwards. 

Testudo  carbonaria.  From  Dr.  F.  W.  Lewis. 

Ardea  nycticorax,  (young.)  From  Mr.  W.  Wood. 


lix. 


March  8th. 

Cranium  of  Phoca  leptonyx,  from  the  South  Seas.  Presented  by  Lieut.  M. 
G.  Watson,  U.  S.  N.,  through  Dr.  C.  D.  Meigs. 

Fruit  and  leaves  of  Podocarpus - ,  from  California.  From  Dr.  Gibbons, 

through  Mr.  Ashmead. 

Numerous  specimens  of  Cymothoa,  and  one  of  Gasterosteus  - ?  from 

Beasley’s  Point.  From  Mr.  Charles  C.  Ashmead. 

March  15  th. 

Mustela  vulgaris,  Lepus  variabilis  Pallas,  and  nest  and  eggs  of  the  Chaffinch, 
from  Scotland.  From  Dr.  G.  Watson. 

Four  specimens  of  Carbonate  of  Lead,  one  of  Sulphate  of  Lead,  from  the 
Wheatley  Mine,  near  Phcenixville,  Pennsylvania.  Presented  by  Mr.  C.  M. 
Wheatley. 

March  22 d. 

Cranium  of  4he  Auchenia  Lama,  from  Peru ;  two  fossil  eggs  of  Birds,  from 
Lobos  a  fuero.’  Presented  by  Dr.  Jas.  M.  Greene,  U.  S.  N. 

Fossil  plant  from  the  coal  formation  of  Australia.  From  Col.  McCall. 

Two  specimens  of  crystallized  grey  copper,  from  Bristol,  Conn.  From  Mr. 
C.  M.  Wheatley. 

April  12  th. 

Three  specimens  of  Linaria  minor,  and  four  of  Cavia  cobaya.  From  Mr. 
John  Krider. 

Four  specimens  of  Ostrea,  and  one  of  a  Belemnite,  from  Alabama,  and  fossil 
fish  teeth  from  Georgia.  Presented  by  Mr.  Jessup. 

Two  deformed  specimens  of  Emys  terrapene.  From  Dr.  Ruschenberger. 
Syrnium  nebulosum,  from  Philada.  Co.  .From  Mr.  Wood. 


DONATIONS  TO  LIBRARY. 

In  March  and  April,  1853. 

March  lsf. 

A  concise  Natural  History  of  East  and  West  Florida.  By  Capt.  Bernard 
Romans.  8vo.  From  Mr.  George  Ord. 

Nova  Acta  Acad.  C.  L.  C.  Naturae  Curiosorum.  VoL  22  supplementum,  4to. 
From  the  Academy.  * 

Memorie  della  Reale  Accademia  delle  Scienze  di  Torino.  Sene  2da.  Tome  xn. 
4to.  From  the  Academy. 

Ofversigt  af  Kongl.  Vetenskaps-Akad.  Forharidlingar.  8  de  Arg.  1851.  From 

the  Academy.  . 

Kongl.  Vetenskaps-Akad.  Handlingar  for  Ar.  1850. 1—2.  From  the  Academy. 
Conversations  about  Hurricanes.  By  Henry  Piddington,  of  Calcutta.  8vo. 
From  the  Author. 

Twenty-tirst  Memoir  on  the  Law  of  Storms  in  India.  By  H.  Piddington. 

From  the  Author.  . 

Fifth  Annual  Report  of  the  Regents  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  hrom 

the  Institution.  .  .  ..  .  _ 

Smithsonian  Reports.  Bibliographia  Americana  mstorico-naturalis,  A.  D. 
1851.  Auctore  C.  Girard.  On  recent  improvements  in  the  Chemical  Arts. 
By  Profs.  Booth  and  Morfit.  From  the  same. 

Memoir  on  the  extinct  species  of  American  Ox.  By  Joseph  Leidy,  M.  D. 
From  the  Smithsonian  Contributions.  From  the  same.  _ 

Annals  of  Science;  conducted  by  Hamilton  A.  Smith.  N  os.  8  and  9.  From 

Philosophy  of  Railroads.  By  Thos.  C.  Keefer.  4th  ed.  From  the  Author. 
Comptes  Rendus.  Tome  35,  Nos.  25,  26;  Tome  36,  Nos.  1  4.  From  Dr. 

Wilson. 


lx. 


Annales  de  Chimie.  Dec.,  1852.  From  the  same. 

Revue  et  Magazin  de  Zoologie,  1852.  No.  12.  From  the  same. 

The  following  were  presented  by  Mr.  Edw.ard  Wilson,  on  the  usual  condi¬ 
tion  : — 

Geschichte  derUrwelt.  Von  J.  L.  Kruger.  2  vols.  Svo. 

Geognostische  Beobachtungen  iiber  die  Diluvial-Gebilde  des  Schwarzwaldes. 
Von  Carl  Fromberz.  8vo. 

Abhandlungen  der  naturforschenden  Gesellschaft  zu  Gorlitz.  Vols.  1 — 5, 
and  part  1,  vol.  6. 

Schriften  der  Gesellschaft  der  Naturwissenschaften  zu  Marburg.  3  band.  8vo. 
Archiv  fur  Zoologie  und  Zootomie.  Herausg.  von  C.  R.  B.  Wiedemann. 
4  vols.  8vo. 

Urweltliche  Naturgeschichte  der  organischen  Reiche.  Von.  J.  F.  Kruger. 
2  vols.  8vo. 

Anfangsgrunde  der  Naturwissenschaft  von  Dr.  E.  D.  A.  Bartels.  2  vols.  8vo. 
Die  Vogel  der  Schweiz.  Von  F.  Meisner  und  H.  R.  Schinz.  8vo. 

Histoire  naturelle  de  la  Provence.  Vai  M.  Darlue.  3  vols.  8vo. 
Vergleichende  Anatomie  und  Physiologie  der  Verdauungswerlczeuge  der 
Siiugethiere  und  Vogel.  Von  J.  W.  Neergaard.  Svo. 

The  Letters  of  Rusticus  on  the  natural  history  of  Godaiming.  8vo. 

A  Geological  account  of  a  descent  into  Eldon  Hole.  By  Richard  Milne. 

Fauna  Insectorum  Lapponnica.  Auctore  J.  W.  Zetterstedt.  Svo. 

Manuel  Entomologique  pour  la  classification  des  Lepidopteres  de  France. 
Par.  PAbbe  J.  Lalanne.  8vo. 

Hymenoptera  Europcea  praecipue  Borealia.  Disposita  et  descripta  ab.  A.  G. 
Dahlbom.  Fas.  1 — 3.  8vo. 

Novae  observationes  de  Entozois.  Auctore  Dr.  F.  C.  H.  Creplin.  8vo. 
Catalogus  Coleopterorum  Europae. 

De  Sceleto  Bufonis  Palmarum  observationes  anatomicae.  Auctore  A.  G.  F. 
Schultz. 

Genera  Dyticeorum.  Auctore  Dr.  G.  F.  Erichson. 

Introduction  to  the  study  of  Geology.  By  Frederick  Burr. 

Journal  of  the  Royal  Agricultural  Society.  Vol.  12,  pt.  2. 

March  8 th. 

Information  respecting  the  history,  condition  and  prospects  of  the  Indian  tribes 
of  the  United  States.  By  Henry  R.  Schoolcraft,  LL.D.  Part  3.  Folio.  From 
Mr.  L.  Lea,  U.  S.  Commis-.  of  Indian  Affairs. 

American  Journal  of  Science  and  Arts,  March,  1853.  From  the  Editors. 
Report  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  for  the  year  1853.  By 
Thos.  S.  Kirkbride,  M.  D.  From  Dr.  Wilson. 

Biographical  Memoir  of  Samuel  Geo.  Morton,  M.D.  By  George  B.  Wood, 
M.  D.  From  the  Author. 

Eighteenth  Annual  Report  of  the  Young  Men’s  Mercantile  Library  Associa¬ 
tion  of  Cincinnati,  Jan.  1853.  From  the  Association. 

On  the  skeleton  of  the  great  Chimpanzee,  Troglodytes  gorilla.  By  S.  Knee- 
land,  Jr.,  M.  D.  From  the  Author. 

Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History,  Feb.  1853.  From  Dr.  Wilson. 
London,  Dublin  and  Edinburgh  Philosophical  Magazine,  Feb.  1853.  From 
the  same. 

London  Athenaeum  for  Jan.  1853.  From  the  same. 

The  following  were  presented  by  Edw.  Wilson,  Esq.,  on  the  usual  condition: 
De  Regionibus  Marinis.  Auctore  A.  S.  Orsted. 

De  Columbarum  sanguine  vulnerumque  sanatione.  Auctore  J.  N.  Fiedler. 

De  Gammari  specibus  quae  in  nostris  aquis  reperiuntur.  Auctore  Augustus 
Hosius. 

J.  B.  Lamarck’s  neues  System  der  Conchyliologie.  VonD.  L.  F.  Froriep. 
Dissertatio  inaug.  med.  de  Avium  Encephali  anatome.  Auctor  F.  Franke. 
Ueber  des  Leuchten  des  Meeres.  Von.  Chr.  Bernoulli.  Svo. 


lxi. 


Italiens  Tertiar-Gebilde  und  deren  organische  Einschliisse.  Von  Dr.  H.  G. 
Bronn. 

Geologische  Skizze  der  Umgebungen  von  Baden  im  Canton  Aargau.  Von  A. 
Mousson. 

Unterhaltungen  fur  Conchylienfreunde  und  fur  Sammler  der  Mineralien. 

Dissert,  inaug.  med.  sistens  Struthionis  Cameli  Embryonis  fabricam.  Auctor 
C.  F.  Hildebrand. 

Prodromus  Lepidopterorum  Britannicorum.  By  a  Fellow  of  the  Linnean 
Society. 

Dissert,  inaug.  sistens  observationes  nonnullas  zootomicas  os  cordis  Cervi, 
claviculas  Felis,  &c.  speetantes.  Auctore  JI  C.  Luthi. 

Commentatio  de  Petrefactis  quae  in  Schisto-Eituminoso  Mansfeldensi  reperi- 
untur  quae  conscripsit  G.  A.  Kurtze. 

Echiniscus  Bellermanni,  animal  crustaceum,  Macrobito  Hufelandi  affine.  A 
Dr.  C.  A.  S.  Schultze. 

Naturhistorischer  Wandatlas  zum  Gebrauch  beirn  Unterricht  in  hohern  Lehr- 
anstalten.  Von  Prof.  J.  F.  A.  Eichelberg.  lste  heft.  Folio. 

Modern  Agricultural  Improvements,  being  a  Supplement  to  the  British  Hus¬ 
bandry  of  the  Society  for  the  diffusion  of  Useful  Knowledge.  By  C.  W.  John¬ 
son.  8vo. 

Selections  from  the  Phrenological  Journal.  Edited  by  Robert  Cox.  8vo. 

Outline  of  a  course  of  six  lectures  on  Physical  Geography,  Mineralogy  and 
Geology.  By  Frederick  Burr. 

Allgemeine  Physiologic.  Von  J.  B.  Wilbrand.  8vo. 

Grundriss  der  Naturgeschichte  fur  hohere  Lehranstalten.  Von  Dr.  B.  Hemp- 
rich.  8vo. 

Avium  praecipurarum  quarum  apud  Plinium  et  Aristotelem  mentio  est,  brevis 
et  succincta  historia.  12mo. 

Pammineralogicum,  or  a  universal  history  of  Minerals.  By  Robert  Lovell, 
8vo. 

Geological  Maps  and  Sections  of  the  Ordnance  Survey  of  Great  Britain  and 
Ireland. 


March  15th . 

Sixth  Annual  Report  of  the  Regents  of  the  University  of  the  State  of  New 
York,  on  the  condition  of  the  State  Cabinet  of  Natural  History.  From  the 
Regents. 

Report  of  the  Select  Committee  of  the  U.  S.  Senate  on  certain  Memorials 
relating  to  the  discovery  of  Anaesthetic  means. 

Journal  d’Agriculture,  ou  Transactions  de  la  Societe  d’Agriculture  du  Bas- 
Canada.  Vol.  6,  No.  2.  From  M.  Huguet-Latour. 

Brief  Astronomical  Tables,  for  the  expeditious  calculation  of  Eclipses.  By 
M.  Drew  Snooke.  From  Mr.  Charles  Cramer. 

Dr.  Wilson  presented  the  following,  on  the  usual  condition : 

Cosmos  :  essai  d’une  description  physique  du  Monde.  Par  Alex,  de  Hum¬ 
boldt.  Tome  3.  8vo. 

Memoires  de  la  Societe  Nationale  de  Lille.  Annee  1851.  8vo. 

Lectures  on  Histology.  By  John  Quekett.  8vo. 

Annals  of  Anatomy  and  Physiology.  By  John  Goodsir. 

Traite  de  Palaeontologie.  Par  F.  J.  Pictet.  Tome  ler.  2d  ed.  and  Atlas.  4to, 

Memoires  sur  la  famille  des  Fougeres.  Par  A.  L.  A.  Fee.  3me  et  4me 
Mems.  folio,  5me  Mem.  4to. 

Comptes  Rendus.  Tome  36,  No.  5. 

Journal  of  the  Franklin  Institute,  March,  1853. 

Illustrations  Conchyliologiques.  Par  M.  Chenu.  No.  81.  Folio. 

March  22 d. 

Annual  Report  of  the  Trustees  of  the  State  Library  of  New  York,  Feb. 
1853.  From  the  Trustees. 


50 


lxii. 


The  following  were  presented  by  Mr.  Edw.  Wilson,  on  the  usual  condition  : 

Yersucheiner  Lithurgik  oder  okonomischen  Mineralogie.  Yon  Carl  Schneider- 
2  vols.  8vo. 

Index  Fossilium  quae  collegitet  inclassis  et  ordines  disposuit  Ignatius  S.  R.  I. 
Eques  a  Born.  2  vols.  8vo. 

Descrizione  topogralica,  &c.  del  Regno  delle  Due  Sicilie  di  Giuseppe  del  Re.. 
2  vols.  8vo. 

Cosmologie,.  ou  description  generale  de  la  Terre..  Par  C.  A.  Walckenaer.  8vo- 

Voyage  en  flanovre,  fait  dans  les  annees  1803  et  1804.  Par  M.  A.  B.  Man- 
gourit.  8vo. 

Einleitung  in  der  Geologie  nebst  einer  Geologie  und  Mineral-Geographie  von. 
England,  von  Robert  Bakewell.  Yon  R.  H.  Muller.  8vo. 

Pflanzen  und  Gebirgsarten  von  Marienbad.  Herausgeg.  von  Dr.  C.  J.  Heid- 
Ler.  8vo. 

Le  Conservateur :  ou  recueil  de  morceaux  inedits  d’Histoire,  de  Politique,  &c- 
tires  des  portes-feuilles  de  N.  Francois  (de  Neufchateau.)  2  vols.  8vo. 

Mineralogisches  Bemerkungen  von  dem  Karpathen.  Von  Johann  E.  von 
Fichtel.  2  vols.  8vo. 

Mineralogische  Aufsatze.  Yon  J.  E.  von  Fichtel.  8vo. 

Tableau  Methodique  des  Especes  Minerales.  Par  J.  A.  H.  Lucas.  2  vols.  8vo- 

Schriften  voa  Heinrich  Steffens.  8vo. 

Physikalisch-politische  Reise  in  die  Norischen  Alpen  im  Jahre  1781  und 
1783.  Unternommen  von  Hacquet.  8vo. 

Voyage  a  Buenos  Ayres  et  a  Porte-Alegre  de  1830  a  1834.  Von  Arsene  Isa¬ 
belle.  8vo. 

Isaacus  Vossius  de  Nili  et  aliorum  Fluminum  origine.  4to. 

Instituzioni  di  Mineralogia  con  la  maggior  chiarezza  disposti  per  facilmenti 
imparare  a  conoscere  i  Fossili.  Dal  Cav.  Don  Giuseppi  Benvenuti.  8vo. 

leones  Avium.  Indicem  systematicum  addidit  F.  C.  Kielson.  4to. 

Elemens  de  Mineralogie  applique  aux.  Sciences  Chimiques.  Par  MM.  Girar- 
din  et  Lecoq.  2  vols.  8vo. 

Ornithologie  Abrege  de  la  France.  4to. 

Lehrbuch  der  Mineralogie.  Von  Franz  A.  Reuss.  8vols-8vo. 

Accord  du  Livre  de  la  Genese  avec  la  Geologie  et  les  Monumens  Humains- 
Par  M.  Gervais-de-Laprise.  8vo. 

April  5th  - 

Statements,  supported  by  evidence,  of  Wm.  T.  G.  Morton,  M.  D.,  on  his 
claim  to  the  discovery  of  the  Anaesthetic  properties  of  Ether.  8vo.  From  Dr. 
Morton  - 

Catalogue  of  North  American  Reptiles  in  the  Museum  of  the  Smithsonian 
Institution.  Part  1.  Serpents.  By  S.  F.  Baird  and  C.  Girard.  8vo.  Front 
the  Institution. 

Annals  of  Science,  No.  10.  From  Dr.  Leidy. 

Principles  of  Botany,  as  exemplified  in  the  Cryptogamia.  By  Harlaiut 
Coultas.  8vo. 

A  classified  Catalogue,  with  Synonyms,  of  the  Terrestrial  and  Fluviatile' 
Testaceous  Mollusks  of  Chester  Co.,  Penn.  By  Wm.  D.  Hartman,  M.D.  Front 
the  Author. 

Comptes  Rendus.  Tome  36,  Nos.  G  and  7.  From  Dr.  Wilson. 

London  Athenaeum  for  February,  1853.  From  the  same. 

Annales  de  Chimie.  3me  Serie.  Feb.  1853.  From  the  same. 

The  following  were  presented  by  Mr.  Edw.  Wilson,  on  the  usual  condition: 

Istoria  naturale  del  Monte  Vesuvio.  Di  Gaspare  Paragallo.  8vo. 

Ueber  die  Gestalt  und  die  Urgeschichte  der  Erde.  Von  Karl  F.  Kloden.  8vo. 

Statistique  Mineralogique  du  Departement  de  la  Drome.  Par  M.  ScipionGras- 
8vo. 

Handbuch  fur  den  Liebhaber  der  Stuben-Haus-und  aller  der  Zahmung  werthen. 
Vogel.  Von  Ch.  B.  Brehm.  8vo. 

Die  Vulkane  alterer  und  neuerer  Zeiten..  Von  Franz  von  Beroldingen.  8vo~ 


lxiii. 


Versuch  eines  Topographisch-mineralogischen  Handbuches  von  Ungern. 
Durch  Chr.  Andreas  Zipser.  8vo. 

Voyage  critique  a  PEtna  en  1819.  Par  T.  A.  Gourbillon.  2  vols.  8vo. 
Marci  Antonii  Plenciz  Opera  Medico-Physica.  Svo. 

Les  Anciens  Mineralogistes  du  Royaume  de  France.  Par  M.  Gobert.  2  vols. 
8vo. 

Nouveaux  elemens  de  Mineralogie.  Par  M.  Brard.  3me  ed.  8vo. 

System  einer  allgemeinen  Hydrographie  des  Erdbodens.  Von  J.  F.  Wm. 
Otto.  8vo. 

Allgemeine  Geschichte  der  Mineralischen  Gifte  entworfen  von  J.  F.  Gmelin. 
8vo. 

Vollstandige  Naturgeschichte  des  Pferdes.  Von  Georg  Fr.  Sebald.  Herausg. 
von  Karl  W.  Ammon.  8vo. 

Reise  im  Riesengebirge.  Von  Chr.  Gott.  Assmann.  8vo. 

Resume  d’un  Cours  elementaire  de  Geographic  Physique.  Par  J.  V.  F.  La- 
mouroux.  8vo. 

Propositions  Geologiques.  pour  servir  d’introduction  a  un  ouvrage  sur  les 
elemens  de  la  Chorographie.  Par  Henri  G.  Oberlin.  8vo. 

J.  C.  von  Lehmann  Grundsatze  der  Mineralogie.  8vo. 

Promenades  aux  environs  du  Clermont  et  du  Mont-Dore.  8vo. 

Esquisse  Geologique  de  la  Turquie  d’Europe.  Par  A.  Boue. 

C.  Linnaei  Systema  Naturae,  1735. 

Della  Natura  de’Fuimi  Trattato  fisico-matematico  del  Dottore  Domenico 
Guglielmini  con  le  annotazioni  di  Eustachio  Manfredi.  2  vols.  8vo. 

April  12tk. 

Report  of  the  Commissioners  of  Patents  for  the  year  1849.  Parts  1  and  2, 
8vo. ;  same  for  1851,  part  1.  From  Mr.  Chas.  E.  Smith. 

Journal  of  the  Society  of  Arts  of  London,  parts  1  to  15.  From  the  Society. 
Annals  of  Science,  No.  11.  From  Dr.  Leidy. 

Journal  of  the  Franklin  Institute  for  April,  1853-  From  Dr.  Wilson. 

Archiv  fur  Anatomie,  Physiologie,  &c.  von  Dr.  Johannes  Muller.  1852,  No.  5. 
From  the  same. 

The  following  were  presented  by  Mr.  Edw.  Wilson,  on  the  usual  condition : 
Kreuznach  und  seine  Brom-und  Iode-Haltigen  Heilquellen  in  lhren  wichtig- 
sten  Beziehungen.  Von  J.  E.  P.  Prieger.  8vo. 

Elemente  der  Krystallographie.  Von  Gustav  Rose.  8vo. 

Naturgeschichte  des  Succins  oder  des  sogenannten  Bernsteins.  Von  J.  F. 
John.  8vo. 

Systematisch-tabellarische  Uebersicht  der  mineralogisch-einfachen  Fossilien. 
Von  Dr.  J.  Chr.  Ullmann.  4to. 

Storia  naturale  e  generale  dell*  Etna  del  Canonico  Giuseppe  Recupero.  2  vols. 
4to. 

Description  hydrographique  et  historique  des  Marais  Pontins.  Par  M.  de 
Prony.  4to.  and  atlas  folio. 

Orographic  de  PEurope.  Par  M.  Louis  Bruguire.  Recueil  de  Voyages  et  de 
Memoires  publie  par  la  Societe  de  Geographic.  Tome  3,  4to. 

A  general  natural  history;  or  new  and  accurate  descriptions  of  the  Animals, 
Vegetables  and  Minerals  of  the  different  parts  of  the  world.  By  John  Hill. 
3  vols.  folio. 

Mineralogia,  sive  Naturalis  Philosophise  Thesaurus.  Auctore  Bernardus 
Caesius.  Folio. 

Atlas  et  description  Mineralogiques  de  la  France.  Par  MM.  Guettard  et  Mon- 
net.  Folio. 

Premieres  fetiilles  de  P  Atlas  Mineralogique :  ouvrage  commence  en  1796  par 
MM.  Guettard  et  Lavoisier.  4to. 


lxiv. 


DONATIONS  TO  MUSEUM 
In  May  and  June,  1853. 

May  3 d. 

Sixty-one  specimens  of  woods,  fourteen  of  birds,  and  a  small  collection  of 
shells,  echinoderms  and  insects,  from  Texas.  Presented  by  Dr.  G.  Engelmann, 
of  St.  Louis,  Missouri. 

Dryinus  nasutus,  Madras.  Presented  by  F.  Brown,  Jr. 

Mounted  skeleton  of  the  great  extinct  Irish  elk,  (Megaceros  hibernicus.)  De¬ 
posited  by  Mr.  John  Abell,  of  Limerick,  Ireland,  through  Peter  Wright  &  Sons. 

Fifty  specimens  of  carboniferous  fossils,  from  Greensburg,  Penn.  Presented 
by  Dr.  A.  T.  King,  through  Mr.  Cassin. 

Tyrannus  nepeto  ;  Molothrus  sericeus,  from  Lima,  Peru.  Presented  by  Mr. 
Joseph  A.  Clay. 

Crystalline  slag,  from  an  anthracite  iron  furnace.  Presented  by  Prof.  S.  S. 
Haldeman. 

A  large  collection  of  marine  shells  from  the  coast  of  Lower  California.  Pre¬ 
sented  by  Dr.  A.  L.  Heermann. 

May  10  tli. 

Impressions  of  Encrinites,  from  Hampshire  Co.,  Virginia.  Presented  by  Dr. 
Chas.  Carter,  through  Dr.  Bridges. 

The  entire  Anatomical  Collection  of  the  late  Dr.  Samuel  George  Morton,  con¬ 
sisting  of  867  crania  of  Man,  601  crania  of  the  inferior  animals,*  and  all  the  osteolo- 
gical,  mummified  and  other  specimens  heretofore  deposited  in  the  Museum  of  the 
Academy,  and  now  presented  by  the  following  named  gentlemen  :  Chas.  Henry 
Fisher,  Thos.  Biddle,  Dr.  Chas.  D.  Meigs,  Henry  J.  Williams,  Thos.  T.  I.ea, 
John  Farnum,  John  A.  Brown,  Wm.  Welsh,  Dr.  George  B.  Wood,  J.  Francis 
Fisher,  David  S.  Brown,  John  B.  Meyers,  Lewis  R.  Ashhurst,  Caleb  Cope, 
Richard  D.  Wood,  J.  Pemberton  Hutchinson,  Morris  L.  Hallowell,  Joseph  D. 
Brown,  William  Platt,  Joseph  Swift,  Singleton  A.  Mercer,  A.  J.  Lewis,  Geo.  W. 
Carpenter,  John  Price  Wetherill,  John  Cook,  John  Lambert,  Robert  Pearsall, 
Joseph  S.  Lovering,  J.  G.  Fell,  Caspar  W.  Pennock,  Samuel  V.  Merrick,  James 
Dundas,  Henry  Pepper,  Richard  Price,  John  Grigg,  Joseph  Jeanes,  T.  P.  Rem¬ 
ington,  Henry  Seybert,  Thos.  McEwen,  Robert  Swift,  Jacob  G.  Morris,  and 
Wm.  S.  Vaux. 

May  2kth. 

Larus  occidentalis,  from  Texas,  and  four  eggs  of  the  same.  Presented  by 
Dr.  Heermann. 

Leopardite - .  Presented  by  Mr.  A.  Jessup. 

Bubo  virginianus  (mounted.)  From  Mr.  Jas.  Mears. 

Two  specimens  of  Exogyra  costata,  from  the  Chesapeake  and  Delaware  canal. 
From  Mr.  George  Ord. 

June  14  th. 

Fossils  from  a  Prairie,  Tippecanoe  Co.,  Indiana.  Presented  by  Dr.  C.  D. 
Meigs. 

Five  coal  fossils,  from  the  South  Joggins,  Nova  Scotia.  Presented  by  J.  W. 
Dawson,  Esq.,  of  Pictou. 

Living  specimen  of  Phrysonoma  cornutum,  from  Texas.  Presented  by  G. 
W.  Page,  Esq. 

A  collection  of  Reptiles.  From  Dr.  Rand. 

A  collection  of  S'-v-mty  Mammal  and  Bird  Skins  from  California  and  Oregon, 
presented  by  Col.  Geo.  A.  McCall,  as  follows  : 

Mammals:  Seiurus  Douglasii,  Tamias  Townsendii,  Spermophilus  Douglasii, 
Geomys  rufeicens,  Lepus  artemesia. 

Birds  :  Hypotriorchis  columbarius,  Tinnunculus  sparverius,  Elanus  leucurus, 


Catalogue.  3d  edition,  Philada.,  1849. 


lxv. 


Circus  cyaneus,  Athene  hypugaea,  Chordeiles  brazilianus,  Trochilus  _ 

Tyrannus  verticals,  Tyrannula  nigricans,  T.  acadica,  Ptilogonys  nitens,  An- 
thus  Ludovicianus,  Mimus  polyg]0ttis,  Icterus  Bullockii,  Fringilla  savanna, 
F.  aurocapilla,  F.  cinerea,  Fringilla,  new  species,  Pipilo  fusca,  P.  arctica,  Stru- 
thus  Oregonus,  Carpodacus  familiaris,  Carduelis  tristis,  Loxia  americana,  Me- 
lanerpes  formicivorus,  M.  ruber,  M.  torquatus,  Picus  Gairdneri,  P.  Nuttallii, 
Calipepla  californica,  C.  Gambelii,  Tetrao  obscurus. 


DONATIONS  TO  LIBRARY 
In  May  and  June,  1853. 

May  3d. 

American  Journal  of  Science  and  Arts,  May,  1853.  From  the  Editors. 

Journal  d’ Agriculture,  ou  Transactions  de  la  Societe  d’Agriculture  du  Bae- 
Canada.  Vol.  6,  No.  3.  From  M.  Hugues  Latour. 

Journal  of  the  Society  of  Arts,  &c.,  London.  Nos.  16  and  17.  From  the 
Society. 

Annals  of  Science ;  conducted  by  Hamilton  A.  Smith.  No.  12.  From  the 
Editor. 

A  Synopsis,  or  Systematic  Catalogue  of  the  Medicinal  Plants  of  the  United 
States.  By  A.  Clapp,  M.  D.  8vo.  From  the  author. 

Flora  Cestrica.  By  Wm.  Darlington,  M.  D.  3d  edition,  8vo.  From  the 
author. 

Jahrbuch  der  Kaiserlich-Koniglichen  Geologischen  Reichsanstalt,  1850,  J51, 
and  3  Nos.  1852.  From  the  Institution. 

Abhandlungen  der  k.  k.  Geologischen  Reichsanstalt,  1  Band,  folio.  From 
the  same. 

Dr.  Wilson  presented  the  following,  on  the  usual  condition  : 

Comptes  Rendus.  Tome  36,  Nos.  9,  10,  11. 

Annals  de  Chimie  et  de  Physique.  March,  1853. 

The  London  Athenaeum  for  March,  1853. 

Journal  fur  Ornithologie :  ein  Centralorgan  fur  die  gesammte  Ornithologie. 
Herausg.  von  Dr.  J.  Cabanis.  Heft  1. 

Journal  of  the  Franklin  Institute.  May,  1853. 

The  following  were  presented  by  Mr.  Edward  Wilson,  on  the  usual  condition: 

Le  Monde,  son  origine  et  son  antiquite.  2  vols.  12mo. 

Torberni  Bergman  Meditationes  de  Systemate  Fossilium  naturali.  12mo. 

Martin  Thrane  Brunnich  Mineralogie.  Svo. 

Mineralogisches  Handbuch.  Yon  Johann  Georg  Lenz.  Svo. 

Handbuch  der  Mineralogie.  Yon  Dr.  G.  H.  Schubert.  8vo. 

Considerations  Geologiques  et  Physiques  sur  la  cause  du  jaillissement  des  eaux 
des  puits  fores  ou  fontaines  artificiales.  Par  M.  le  Vte.Hericart  de  Thury.  Svo. 

De  la  Cosmogenie  de  Moise  comparee  aux  faites  geologiques.  Par  Manuel  de 
Serres.  8vo. 

Essai  d’une  Mineralogie  Economico-technique  dps  Departemens  du  Haut-  et 
Bas-Rhin  formant  la  ci-devant  Alsace.  Par  Jean  Phillippe  Graffenauer.  8vo. 

Die  Geognosie  nach  chemischen  Grundsatzen  dargestellt.  Von  Carl  Schmei- 
der.  8vo. 

Lehrbuch  der  Oryktogfiosie  von  Dr.  J.  Reinhard  Blum.  8vo. 

Geologische  Resultate  aus  Beobachtungen  uber  einen  Theil  der  Siidbaltischen 
Lander  von  E.  G.  F.  Wrede.  8vo. 

Topografia  fisica  della  Campania  di  Scipione  Breislak.  8vo. 

Considerations  generates  sur  les  Volcans.  Par  M.  J.  Girardin.  Svo. 

Sopra  una  Pioggetta  di  Sassi  accaduta  nella  sera  de’  16.  Giugno  del  1794  in 
Lucignan  d’Asso  nel  Sanese  dissertazione  del  P.  D.  Ambrogio  Soldani.  8vo. 

Saggio  di  congetture  su  i  Terremoti  del  Dott.  Cristofano  Sarti.  8vo.  ^ 

Memoire  sur  les  tremblemens  de  Terre  de  la  Calabre  pendant  l’annee  1783. 
Par  le  Commandeur  Deodat  de  Dolomieu.  8vo. 


lxvi. 


Anleitung  zur  Geognosie.  Von  Franz  Reichetzer.  8vo. 

Andri  Bembi  de  iEtna  ad  Angelum  Chabicelem  liber.  4to. 

Manual  de  Joyeros  :  su  autor  Don  Martin  Diego  Saenz  Deez.  8vo. 

Notice  historique  comparee  sur  les  Aqueducs  des  Anciens  et  la  derivation  de 
la  Riviere  d’Ourcq.  Par  Louis  Petit-Radel.  8vo. 

Beschreibung  der  Gebirge  von  Baiern  und  der  oberen  Pfalz.  Von  Matthias 
Flurl.  8vo. 

Die  Charaktere  der  Klassen,  Ordnungen,  &c.  oder  die  Charakteristik  des  natur- 
historischen  Mineral-Systemes.  Von  Friederich  Mohs.  8vo. 

Die  Urwelt  oder  Beweis  von  dem  Daseyn  und  Untergange  von  mehr  als  einer 
Vorwelt.  Von  J.  G.  F.  Ballenstedt.  8vo. 

May  10  th. 

Comptes  Rendus.  Tome  36,  Nos.  12,  13,  14.  From  Dr.  Wilson. 

Archiv  fur  Naturgeschichte.  Von  Dr.  F.  H.  Troschel.  1851,  Nos.  4  and  5, 
1852,  Nos.  1  and  2.  From  the  Editor. 

A  History  of  the  Fishes  of  Massachusetts.  By  D.  Humphreys  Storer,  M.  D. 
From  the  author. 

On  a  new  apparatus  for  the  generation  of  Carbonic  Acid ;  and  on  Kemp’s 
Thermostat.  By  Ch.  M.  Wetherill,  M.  D.  From  the  author. 

May  11th. 

Memoires  de  l’Academie  Royale  des  Sciences,  &c.  de  Belgique.  Tome  26, 
4to.  From  the  Academy. 

Memoires  Couronnes  et  Memoires  des  Savants  Etrangers  publies  par  l’Acad. 
Royale  des  Sci.  &c.  de  Belgique.  Tome  24,  4to.  From  the  same. 

Bulletins  de  l’Acad.  Royale  de  Belgique.  Tomes  18  et  19.  8vo.  From  the 
same. 

Memoires  couronnes,  &c.  publies  par  l’Acad.  Roy.  de  Belgique ;  Collection  in 
8vo.  Tome  5,  pt.  1.  From  the  same. 

Annuaire  de  l’Acad.  Roy.  de  Belgique,  1852.  From  the  same. 

Fungi  Caroliniani  exsiccati.  By  H.  W.  Ravenel.  Fascic.  1,  4to.  From  the 
author. 

Notes  on  the  classification  of  the  Carabidae  of  the  United  States.  By  J.  L. 
Le  Conte,  M.  D.  From  the  author. 

Annals  of  Science,  No.  13.  From  the  Editor. 

May  2\th. 

Jahreshefte  des  Vereins  fur  vaterliindische  Naturkunde  in  Wiirtemberg.  1845 
to  1852,  and  No.  1,  1853.  From  the  Association. 

Bulletin  de  la  Societe  des  Sciences  Naturelles  de  Neufchatel.  Tome  2,  8vo. 
From  the  Society. 

The  following  were  presented  by  Dr.  Wilson,  on  the  usual  condition  : 
Zeitschrift  fur  Malakozoologie.  Von  H.  Menke  und  Dr.  Pfeiffer.  1853. 
Nos.  2  and  3. 

London  Athenaeum  for  April,  1853. 

Systematisches  Conchylien-Cabinet  von  Martini  und  Chemnitz.  Von  M.  C. 
Kiister.  106te  Lief. 

Archiv  fur  Anatomie,  &c.  Von  J.  Muller.  1853,  No.  1. 

Handbuch  der  Speciellen  Ornithologie.  Von  Dr.  Ludwig  Reichenbach.  Nos. 
1,2,3.  4to. 

Comptes  Rendus.  Tome  36,  Nos.  15,  16. 

Die  Kreidebildungen  von  Texas  und  ihre  organischen  Einschliisse.  Von  Dr. 
Ferdinand  Roemer.  4to. 

Nomenclator  Botanicus.  Auctore  Ernesto  Theoph.  Steudel.  Ed.  2da- 
Royal  8vo. 


lxvii. 


June  1th. 

Rendiconto  della  Societa  Reale  Borbonica  Academia  delle  Scienze.  Nuova 
Sere.  Nos.  1,  2,  5.  From  the  Academy. 

Della  Regions  Vulcanica  del  Monte  Vulture  e  del  Tremuoto  iva  avvenuto  nel 
di  11  Agosto  1851.  D*  L.  P.  ed  Arcangelo  Scacchi.  From  the  same. 

Osservazioni  su’  metodi  proposti  dal  1  ’  illustie  Lagrange  per  le  Curve  Invi- 
luppi,  con  altre  ricerche  affini,  del  Cav.  Vincenzo  Flauti.  From  the  same. 

Relazione  sulla  mallattia  della  Vite  apparsa  nei  contorni  di  Napoli  ed  altri 
luoghi  della  provincia.  From  the  same. 

Sroria  completa  dell’  Entomibia  Apum  (nuovo  gen.  d’insetti  ditteri)  e  su  i 
danni  che  arreca,  alle  api  da  Miele.  D^l  Achille  Costa.  From  the  author. 

Storia  della  Bombice  Neustria  suoi  costurni,  danni  che  arreca,  e  mezzi  dis- 
truggerla  scritta  del  Achille  Costa.  From  the  same. 

Storia  della  Tentredine  produttrice  delle  galle  delle  foglie  del  Salceo  (Salix 
Russelliana.)  Di  Achille  Costa.  From  the  same. 

A.  Costa  Memorie  Entomologiche.  From  the  same. 

Corrispondenza  Zoologica  destinata  a  diffondere  nel  regno  delle  due  Sicilie ; 
redatta  da  O.  G.  Costa.  Anno  1.  From  the  same. 

Cenni  iiftorno  alle  scoperte  fatte  nel  Regno  riguardanti  la  Paleontologia  nel 
corso  della’  anno  1851  per  O.  G.  Costa.  From  the  same. 

Illustrazioni  al  genere  Cipridina  e  descrizi  »ne  di  una  novella  specie  di  0.  G. 
Costa.  From  the  same. 

Access  to  an  open  Polar  Sea,  in  connection  with  the  search  after  Sir  John 
Franklin  and  his  Companions.  By  E.  K.  Kane,  M.  D.  From  the  author. 

Thermometrical  Navigation.  Being  a  series  of  experiments  and  o^ervations 
to  prove  the  advantage  to  navigation  of  ascertaining  the  relative  heat  of  the  sea 
water  in  the  Gulf  Stream.  By  Jonathan  Williams.  FromH.  J.  Williams,  Esq. 

Journal  of  the  Indian  Archipelago  and  Eastern  Asia.  Vol.  6,  Nos.  9  and  10. 
From  the  Editor. 

Journal  of  the  Society  of  Arts  (London,)  Nos.  20 — 23.  From  the  Society. 

Quarterly  Journal  of  the  Geological  Society  of  London.  Vol.  9,  part  1.  From 
the  Society. 

The  Virginia  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal.  Nos.  1,  2,  3.  From  the  Editors. 

The  Charleston  Medical  Journal  and  Review.  Vol.  8,  No.  3.  From  the 
Editors. 

La  Botanique  de  J.  J.  Rousseau.  Folio.  From  Mr.  A.  J.  Brasier. 

Smithsonian  Contributions  to  Knowledge.  A  Flora  and  Fauna  within  living 
animals.  By  Joseph  Leidy,  M.  D.  From  the  author. 

The  following  were  presented  by  Dr.  Wilson,  on  the  usual  condition: 

The  London,  Dublin  and  Edinburgh  Magazine,  March,  April  and  May,  1853. 

Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History,  March,  April  and  May,  1853. 

Quarterly  Journal  of  Microscopical  Science.  Photographic  No. 

Thesaurus  Conchyliorum.  By  G.  B.  Sowerby.  Part  14. 

Journal  of  the  Franklin  Institute,  June,  1853. 

Monographie  de  la  Famille  des  Cactees.  Par  J.  Labouret.  12mo.  From 
the  same. 

Manuel  dePamateur  de  Cactus;  ou  histoire  naturelle  des  Plantes  de  la  famille 
des  Cactees.  Par  Ch.  Lemaire.  12mo. 

Memoire  sur  la  famille  des  Fougeres.  Par  A.  L.  A.  Fee.  lme  et  2me  parties 
Folio. 

June  14  th. 

Prof.  John  B.  Trask’s  Report  on  the  Geology  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  or  Cali¬ 
fornia  Range.  From  Dr.  B.  H.  Rand. 

Annals  of  the  Lyceum  of  Nat.  History.  Vol.  6,  pp.  1 — 18.  From  the 
Lyceum. 

Proceedings  of  the  Boston  Society  of  Natural  History.  Vol.  4,  pp.  257 — 288. 
From  the  Society. 


lxviii. 


Descriptions  of  new  species  of  Achatinella,  from  the  Sandwich  Islands.  By 
Dr.  VV.  Newcomb.  From  the  author. 

Scientific  contributions  toward  the  improvement  of  Agriculture  in  Nova 
Scotia.  By  J.  W.  Daw>on.  From  the  author. 

First  Annual  Report  of  the  Trustees  of  the  New  Bedford  City  Library.  From 
the  Trustees. 


DONATIONS  TO  MUSEUM 
In  July  and  August,  1853. 

Jvily  5th. 

Mounted  specimen  of  the  striped  Hyena,  (H.  striata.)  Presented  by  Mr. 
Edwards. 

Mounted  specimen  of  Dasyprocta  niger.  Presented  by  Miss  M.  Morris,  of 
Germantown. 

Mounted  specimen  of  the  Rib-nosed  Baboon,  (Cynocepholus  mormon.)  Pre¬ 
sented  by  Wm.  S.  Vaux,  Esq. 

A  collection  of  Plants  from  the  Arctic  regions,  prepared  and  presented  by  Dr. 
E.  K.  Kane,  through  Piof.  Carson. 

Numerous  specimens  of  the  Fruit  of  Carya  myristicaeformis,  Mx. ;  from  South 
Carolina.  From  H.  W.  Ravenel,  Esq. 

Att  gust  1 6th. 

Chloride  of  Sodium,  from  Utah  Lake.  From  Dr.  Leidy. 

Five  specimens  of  Minerals,  and  native  Copper,  from  Lake  Superior.  From 
Dr.  B.  H.  Rand. 

Fossils  from  the  Trenton  Limestone,  Trenton  Falls,  New  York.  From  Dr. 
T.  B.  Wilson. 

Specimens  of  Pyrope,  from  Santa  Fe.  From  Mr.  Winthrop,  through  Mr. 
Cassin. 

Fossil  Vertebrae  (of  Fishes)  from  the  Miocene,  Cumberland  Co.,  N.  J. ;  and 
same  from  the  Cretaceous  series,  Mullica  Hill,  N.  J. ;  Vertebra  of  Priscodel- 
phinus  grandaevus,  and  tooth  of  Crocodilus  antiquus,  from  the  Miocene,  Cum¬ 
berland  Co.,  N.  J.  Presented  by 

Numerous  "specimens,  in  spirits,  of  Reptiles,  Insects,  Myriapods,  and  a  species 
of  Galago,  from  Western  Africa.  Presented  by  Dr.  Henry  A.  Ford,  of  the  Ga¬ 
boon  Mission. 

Several  specimens  of  Serpents,  in  Spirits.  From  Dr.  G.  Watson. 

Fine  specimen  of  Goliathus  giganteus,  Lam.,  and  two  orthopterous  insects, 
from  Africa.  Presented  by  Dr.  Isaac  Hays. 

Several  Bird  Skins,  from  Racine,  Wisconsin.  Presented  by  the  Rev.  A.  C. 
Barry,  through  Dr.  Leconte. 

Lepisostris  platyrhynchus,  from  Cleveland,  Ohio.  From  Dr.  Kirtland, 
through  Dr.  Le  Conte. 

Two  reptiles,  from  Texas.  Fiom  Prof.  Haldeman. 

Falco  leucocephalus,  (mounted;)  a  collection  of  American  Birds’  Nests; 
young  of  Canis  fulvus  ;  and  two  specimens  of  Vespertilio  phaeops.  Presented 
by  Mr.  John  Krider. 

DONATIONS  TO  LIBRARY 
In  July  and  August,  1853. 

July  12th. 

Smithsonian  Contributions  to  Knowledge.  Vol.5.  4to.  From  the  Institution. 

Observations  on  the  Batis  maritima,  Linn.  By  John  Torrey,  M.  D.  From 
the  same. 

Plantae  Fremontianse.  By  John  Torrey,  M.  D.  From  the  same. 


/ 


lxix. 


On  the  Darlingtonia  Californica,  a  new  pitcher-plant.  By  J.  Torrey.  From 
the  same. 

Synopsis  of  the  Marine  Invertebrata  of  Grand  Manan.  By  Wm.  Stimpson. 
From  the  same. 

Annales  de  la  Societe  Nationale  d’Agriculture,  &c.  de  Lyon.  2e  serie,  tome 
3.  From  ihe  Society. 

Memoires  de  l’Academie  Nationale  des  Sciences,  &c.  de  Lyon  ;  Classe  des 
Sciences,  nouv.  serie,  tome  1;  Classe  des  Lettres,  nouv.  serie,  tome  1.  From 
the  Academy. 

AnnaLsde  la  Societe  Linneenne  de  Lyon.  Ans.  1850-52.  From  the  Society. 

Abhandlungen  der  Mathemat.  Physikal.  Classe  der  k.  bayer.  Akad.  der 
Wissen.  0  Band  2  Abtheil.  4to.  From  the  Academy. 

Gelehrte  Anzeigen.  Herausgeg.  von  Mitgl.  der  k.  bayer.  Akad.  der  Wissen. 
Vols.  32,  33.  From  the  same. 

Bulletins  der  k.  Akad.  der  Wissen.  Jahrgang  1851.  Nos.  1 — 43.  From  the 
same. 

Annales  des  Mines,  4me  serie,  tome  19, 2e  liv.  de  1851 ;  tome  20,  6me  liv.  de 
1851 ;  table  des  matieres  (4me  serie)  ;  5me  serie,  tome  1,  2e,  4me,  et  5me  livs. 
de  1852.  From  l’Ecole  des  Mines. 

Quarterly  Journal  of  the  Geological  Society  of  London.  Yol.  9,  part  2.  From 
the  Society. 

Journal  of  the  Indian  Archipelago  and  Eastern  Asia.  Yol.  9,  part  2.  From 
the  Editor. 

Journal  of  the  Society  of  Arts,  &c.  (London.)  Nos.  28,  29.  From  the 
Society. 

Memoirs  of  the  American  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences.  New  series,  vol. 
5,  pt.  1,  and  map.  From  the  Academy. 

American  Journal  of  Science  and  Arts,  for  July,  1853.  From  the  Editors. 

Sixty-sixth  Annual  Repoit  of  the  Regents  of  the  University  of  the  State  of 
New  York.  From  the  Ret  ents. 

On  the  Hive  and  the  Honey  Bee,  a  Bee-Keeper’s  Manual.  By  Rev.  L.  L. 
Langstroth.  8vo.  From  the  author. 

Virginia  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal,  No.  4,  July,  1853.  From  the  Editors. 

Nova  Acta  Acad.  C.  L.  C.  Nat.  Curiosorum.  Vol.  22,  pt.  2  ;  et  Supplemen- 
tum.  2  vols.  4to.  From  the  Prince  de  Wied. 

Examination  of  Fusel  Oil  from  Indian  Corn  and  Rye.  By  Chas.  M.  We- 
therill,  M.  D.  From  the  author. 

Address  on  Morbid  Anatomy.  By  J.  B.  S.  Jackson,  M.  D.  From  the  author. 

Annals  of  Science,  No.  16.  From  the  Editor. 

Bibliographical  Remarks  and  Reflections  on  Prof.  Carl  Lowig’s  Organic  and 
Physiological  Chemistry.  By  Bennett  Dowler,  M.  D.  From  the  author. 

The  following  were  presented  by  Dr.  Wilson,  on  the  usual  condition  : 

Das  Thierleben  der  Alpenwelt.  Von  Fr.  von  Tschudi.  8vo. 

Abhandlungen  aus  der  menschlichen  und  vergleichenden  Anatomie  von  Dr. 
Wenzel  Gruber.  4fo. 

Beitrage  ,  ur  Anatomie  und  Physiologie  deEHaut  von  George  Meissner. 

Anatomisch-Histologische  Untersuchungen  fiber  Fische  und  Rept'lien  von  Dr. 
Franz  Leydig.  4to. 

I.ehrbueh  tier  Geognosie  von  Dr.  Carl  Fried.  Naumaun.  Vol.  1,  pts.  1  and  2, 
vol.  2,  and  Atlas,  pts.  1  and  2. 

Testacea  riovissitna  quae  Cl.  de  Saulcy  in  itinere  per  Orientem  annis  1850  et 
18">1  coll^git.  Auetor^  J.  B.  Bourguignat. 

Die  Geographische  Verbreitung  der  Thiere.  Von  L.  K.  Schmarda.  3  vols. 
8vo. 

Instructions  pratiques  sur  la  Pisciculture.  Par  M.  Costa.  12mo. 

Naturwissenschaftliche  Reise  nach  Mossambique  in  den  Jahren  1812— 1S48. 
Von  Wm.  C.  H.  Peters.  Zoologie.  4to. 

Histoire  des  Sciences  Naturelles  au  Moyen  Age.  Par  F.  A.  Pouchet.  8vo. 

Histoire  n  .turelle  des  Vegetaux  parasites  qui  croissent  sur  l’homme  et  sur  les 
animaux  vivants.  Par  Chas.  Robin.  8vo.  and  atlas. 


Nouvelles  observations  microscopiques.  Par  M.  Needham.  12mo. 
Observations  microscopiques  sur  les  parties  de  la  generation  des  plantes  ren- 
fermes  dans  les  fleurs,  et  sur  les  insectes  qui  s’y  trouvent.  Par.  Guil.  Fred. 
Baron  de  Gleichen.  Traduit  de  l’Allemand  par  J.  F.  Isenflamm.  Folio. 

Die  Macht  des  Kleinen  sichtbar  in  der  Bildung  der  Rinde  unseres  Erdballs. 
Von  P.  Harting.  8vo. 

Zeitschrift  fiir  Malakozoologie.  Von  Menke  und  Pfeiffer.  1853,  No.  4. 
Comptes  Rendus.  Tome  36,  Nos.  17 — 22. 

History  of  British  Mollusca  and  their  Shells.  By  Prof.  Forbes  and  S.  Han¬ 
ley.  Parts  50  and  51. 

The  Eggs  of  British  Birds.  By  J.  C.  Jennings.  12mo. 

London,  Edinburgh  and  Dublin  Philosoph.  Magazine.  Vol.  5,  Nos.  34  and  35. 
Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History^  June,  1853. 

J^ondon  Athenaeum  for  May,  1853. 

Conchologia  iconica.  By  Lovell  Reeve.  Parts  117,  118,  119. 

Journal  of  the  Franklin  Institute,  July,  1853. 

Illustrations  of  the  Birds  of  California,  Texas,  &c.  By  John  Cassin.  2d  edi¬ 
tion,  No.  1.  8vo. 

July  19  th. 

Journal  of  the  Society  of  Arts,  (London,)  Nos.  30,  31.  From  the  Society. 
Memorias  de  la  Real  Academia  di  Ciencias  de  Madrid.  Tomo  1,  3a  serie. 
Ciencias  naturales  tomo  1,  parte  2.  4to.  From  the  Academy. 

Resumen  de  las  Actas  de  la  Academia  Real  de  Ciencias  de  Madrid  de  1850  a 
1851.  From  the  same. 

Catalogue  of  the  Cabinet  of  Natural  History  of  the  State  of  New  York.  8vo. 
From  the  Regents  of  the  University  of  New  York. 

The  following  were  presented  by  Dr.  Wilson  on  the  usual  condition  : — 
London  Athenaeum  for  June,  1853. 

Brevi  Cenni  di  alcuni  resti  delle  classi  Brachiopodi  ecc.  di  G.  Michelotti. 
Analyse  d’une  Idiocrase  violette  de  la  Vallee  d’Ala  par  Ange  Sismonda. 
Notice  sur  les  operations  enterprises  pour  determiner  la  figure  de  la  Terre. 
Par  M.  Biot. 

Institut  Royal  de  France.  Funerailles  de  M.  Alexandre  Brongniart. 

Versuch  zu  einer  grundlichen  Vertheidigung  der  Saamenthierchen.  Von 
Martin  F.  Ledermullern. 

August  2d. 

Proceedings  of  the  Boston  Society  of  Natural  History.  Vol.  4,  pp,  289-304. 
From  the  Society. 

Annals  of  the  Lyceum  of  Nat.  History  of  New  York.  Vol.  6.  No.  1.  From 
the  Lyceum. 

Charleston  Medical  Journal  and  Review.  July,  1853.  From  the  Editors. 
Biographical  Notice  of  Daniel  Drake,  M.  D.,  of  Cincinnati.  By  Charles  D. 
Meigs,  M.  D.  From  the  Author. 

Revue  et  Magasin  de  Zoologie,  1853.  Nos.  1 — 5.  From  Dr.  Wilson. 

Annales  des  Sciences  Nalurelles.  Tome  19,  3me  serie.  Zoologie  Nos.  1 — 2. 
From  the  same. 

Annales  de  Chirnie  et  de  Physique.  3me  serie,  tome  37,  tome  38,  Nos.  1 — 2. 
From  the  same. 

Comptes  Rendus.  Tome  36.  Nos.  23,  21,  25.  From  the  same. 

August  9th. 

The  following  were  presented  by  Mr.  Edward  Wilson  on  the  usual  condition 
Trattato  di  Geologia  del  Sig.  Conte  Angelo  Dalla  Decima.  8vo. 
Geognostisch-geologische  Aufsatze  als  Vorbereitung  zu  einer  innern  Natur- 
geschichte  der  F.rde.  Von  H.  Steffens.  8vo. 

Lettres  sur  la  Mineralogie  et  sur  divers  autres  objets  de  l’histoire  naturelle  de 
l’ltalie  ecrites  par  M.  Ferber  a  M.  de  Born.  Ouvrage  traduit  de  l’Allemand 
par  M.  de  Dietrich.  Svo. 


Die  erloschenen  Vulkane  in  der  Erfel  und  am  Niederrheine.  Von  J.  Steinin- 
ger.  8vo. 

Principes  de  Mineralogie.  Par  J.  P.  Vanderchem-Berthout  et  H.  Struve. 
8vo. 

Mineralogisches  Handlexicon.  Von  Prof.  J.  R.  Zappe.  8vo. 

Cours  de  Mineralogie.  Par  N.  Jolyclerc.  8vo. 

Ornitologia  Silesiaca.  Von  August  Kaluza.  12mo. 

Der  mineralische  Magnetismus.  Von  Chr.  August  Becker,  M.  D.  12mo. 
Entretiens  sur  la  Mineralogie,  d’apres  la  methode  du  celebre  Haiiy.  Par  A. 
Tardieu.  8vo. 

J.  J.  Henkelii  Idea  generalis  de  Lapidum  origine.  12mo. 

Essai  sur  Phistoire  naturelle  des  Roches.  Par  M.  de  Launay.  8vo. 

J.  J.  Becheri  Oracula  chymica.  12mo. 

Introduction  a  l’etude  des  corps  naturels  tires  du  regne  animal.  Par  M. 
Bucquet.  l2mo. 

Nouveau  Systeme  de  Mineralogie.  Par  M.  Monnet.  12mo. 

Mineralogische  Beobachtungen  uber  einige  Basalte  am  Rhein.  12mo. 

Das  Mineralreich.  Von  D.  Carl  Constantin  Haberle.  12mo. 

Tentamen  Mineralogicum.  Auctore  J.  Kickx.  8vo. 

J.  J.  Von  Well  methodische  Eintheilung  mineralischer  Korper.  8vo. 

J.  J.  Beckeri  Supplementum  secundum  in  Physicam  Subterraneam.  12mo. 

B.  J.  Gustav  Karstens  kurzer  entworf  der  Naturwissenschatt  vornemlich 
ihres  chymisch-mineralogischen  Theils.  12mo. 

Dictionnaire  Mineralogique  et  Hydrologique  de  la  France.  4  vols.  12mo. 


August  1 6th. 

Journal  of  the  Society  of  Arts,  of  London,  Nos.  32,  33,34.  From  the  Society. 
Annals  of  Science.  No.  17.  From  the  Editor. 

Virginia  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal.  No.  5.  August,  1853.  From  the 
Editors. 

Abhandlungen  der  Mathemat.  Physikal.  Classe  der  K.  bayer.  Akad.  der 
Wissen.  6  Band,  3  Abtheil.  From  the  Academy. 

Bulletin  der  K.  Akad.  der  Wissen.  2  Jan  1852 — 9  Juin  1852.  From  the 
same. 

Gelehrte  Anzeigen.  Herausg.  von  Mitgl.  der  K.  bayer.  Akad.  der  Wissen.  34 
Band.  From  the  same. 

Deutschlands  Flora,  mit  Abbildungen  Sammtlicher  Gattungen  und  Untergat- 
tungen  von  Dr.  W.  D.  Peterman.  Royal  8vo.  From  Dr.  Wilson. 

Comptes  Rendus.  Tome  36,  No.  26,  tome  37,  No.  1.  From  the  same. 
Journal  of  the  Franklin  Institute  for  August,  1853.  From  the  same. 

August  23 d. 

Annales  des  Mines.  5me  serie,  tome  2  ;  6  liv.  de  1852,  tome  3, 1  liv.  de  1853. 
From  PEcole  des  Mines. 

Description  of  some  species  of  the  extinct  genus  Nesodon.  By  Prof.  Owen. 
From  the  Author. 

Dr.  Wilson  presented  the  following,  on  the  usual  condition; 

Der  Mensch  und  die  Natur.  Von  Friedrich  Korner.  8vo. 

Reisen  in  Mexico  in  den  Jahren  1845 — 1848.  Von  Carl  Barthol.  Heller.  Svo. 
Revue  et  Magasin  de  Zoologie,  1853.  No.  6. 

Annales  des  Sciences  Naturelles.  3me  serie,  tome  19.  No.  4. 

Comptes  Rendus,  tome  37,  Nos.  2  and  3. 

Bonplandia  Zeitschrift  tur  angewandte  Botanik.  1  Jahrgang.  Nos.  1 — 14. 
Jan. — Juli,  1853. 

Systeme  Silurien  du  centre  de  la  Boheme.  Par  Joachim  Barrande.  lme  partie. 
Vol.  1.  Crustaces.  Trilobites.  4to  and  Atlas  4to. 

Ueber  die  fossilen  Reste  der  Zeuglodonten  von  Nordamerica.  Von  Joh. 
Muller.  Folio. 


lxxii. 


DONATIONS  TO  MUSEUM 
In  September  and  October,  1853. 

September  13th. 

Twenty-eight  specimens  of  Fossils  from  Illinois.  From  Mr.  L.  W.  Germain. 

October  \th. 

Specimens  of  Zinc  Ore,  from  Bethlehem,  Pennsylvania.  From  Mr.  Alfred 
Creot. 

Sixteen  specimens  of  Fruits  and  Seeds,  from  the  East  Indies.  From  Ellis 
Yarnall,  Jr. 

October  1 1th. 

Plestiodon  quinquelineatus,  and  young  of  Heterodon  platyrhinus,  from  Pem¬ 
berton,  New  Jersey.  Presented  by  Dr.  E.  Hallowell. 

Young  of  Heterodon  platyrhinus.  Presented  by  Dr.  Hartshorne. 

Coronella  getula,  from  New  Jersey.  Presented  by  B.  Badger  and  P.  Doyle, 
of  Philadelphia  county. 

Thirty-six  specimens  of  Marine  Algae,  from  Newport  and  New  Haven.  Pre¬ 
sented  by  S.  Ashmead. 

October  18th. 

Fruit  of  Hura  strepens,  Texas.  From  R.  P.  Thomas,  M.  D. 

Several  specimens  of  Yellow  Perch  with  entozoon  sacs  upon  the  exterior  sur¬ 
face.  From  Cold  Pond,  Charlestown,  New  Hampshire.  From  Dr.  Weber,  of 
Chailestown. 


DONATIONS  TO  LIBRARY 

In  September  and  October,  1853. 

September  13th . 

Voyage  Geologique  aux  Antilles  et  aux  lies  deTeneriffe  et  de  Fogo.  Par  Ch. 
St.  Claire  Deville.  4to.  and  Atlas  4fb.  From  Prof.  Frazer. 

A  quarto  volume  of  Tracts  on  subjects  of  Natural  History,  Natural  Philoso¬ 
phy,  &c.  From  the  same. 

Documentary  History  of  the  American  Revolution,  consisting  of  papers  relat¬ 
ing  to  the  contest  for  Liberty,  chiefly  in  South  Carolina  in  1781-2.  By  R.  W. 
Gibbes,  M.  D.  8vo.  From  the  Author. 

Bibliographia  Americana  historico-naturalis,  An.  1851.  By  Charles  Girard. 
2d  edition.  From  the  Author. 

Virginia  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal,  No.  6.  September  1853.  From  the 
Editors. 

Charleston  Medical  Journal  and  Review.  September,  1853.  From  the  Editors. 
American  Journal  of  Science  and  Arts.  September,  1853.  From  the  Editors. 
Annals  of  Science.  No.  18.  From  the  Editor. 

Dr.  Wilson  presented  the  following,  on  the  usual  condition  : — 

Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History,  for  July  and  August,  1853. 

London,  Dublin  and  Edinburgh  Philosophical  Magazine,  for  July  and  August, 
1853. 

Annals  of  Anatomy  and  Physiology.  By  John  Goodsir.  No.  3. 

London  Athenaeum  for  July  and  August,  1853. 

Quarterly  Journal  of  Microscopical  Science. 

Conchologia  Iconica.  By  Lovell  Reeve.  Part  120. 

Annals  de  Chimie  et  de  Physique.  3me  serie.  July,  1853. 

Bonplandia.  Zeitschrift  fur  die  gesammte  Botanik.  Jahrgang  No.  15. 
Comptes  Rendus.  Tome  37.  Nos.  4,  5,  6. 

L’organisation  du  Regne  Animal.  Par  Emile  Blanchard.  Livs.  3,  4,  5,  6. 


lxxiii. 


Journal  of  the  Franklin  Institute  for  September,  1853. 

A  Synopsis  of  the  British  Diatomaceae.  By  the  Rev.  William  Smith.  Vol.  1. 
8vo. 

Beobachtungen  fiber  Verjfingsvorgangeim  thierischen  Organismus.  Von  Her¬ 
mann  Stannius. 

Beitrage  zur  mikroskopischen  Anatomie  und  Physiologie  des  Ganglien-Nerven- 
systems  des  Menschen  und  der  Wirbelthiere.  Von  Carl  Axmann,  D.  M. 

Museum  Heineanum.  Von  Dr.  Jean  Cabanis.  1  Thiel. die  Singvogel  enthal- 
tend.  8vo. 

Grundzfige  der  Botanik,  entworfen  von  S.  Endlicher  und  Franz  Unger.  8vo. 
Botanische  Briefe.  Von  Dr.  F.  Unger.  8vo. 

De  Spermatozoorum  introitu  in  ovula.  Autore  Gott.  Aug.  F.  Keber. 
Entwickelungsgeschichte  des  Meerschweinchens.  Von  Th.  Ludw.  W. 
Bischoff. 

Odontographie.  VergleichendejDarstellung  des  Zahnsystemes  der  lebenden  und 
fossilen  Wirbelthiere  von  C.  G.  Giebel.  1  Lief.  4to. 

Vestiges  of  the  Natural  History  of  Creation.  10th  edition.  8vo. 
Palaeontographica.  Beitrage  zur  Naturgeschichte  der  Vorwelt.  Herausg.  von 
W.  Dunker  und  H.  Von  Meyer.  2  band,  lief.  3,  4  ;  3  band,  lief.  2,  3. 

Naumannia.  Archiv  fur  die  Ornithologie,  vorzugsweise  Europas.  Von  E. 
Baldanus.  2  band.  2  und  3  heft,  1853. 

Schreber,  “  die  Saugethiere.”  Fortgesetzt  von  Wagner.  Supplementband.  5 
Abtheil.  4to. 

The  Cyclopaedia  of  Anatomy  and  Physiology.  By  Robert  B.  Todd,  M.  D.  4 
vols.  Royal  8vo. 

October  Ath. 

A  collection  of  Tables  and  Formulae  useful  in  Surveying,  Geodesy  and  practi¬ 
cal  Astronomy.  By  Capt.  T.  J.  Lee,  Topograph.  Eng.  U.  S.  A.  2d  edition. 
8vo.  From  Col.  J.  J.  Abert. 

Mathematics  simplified  and  made  attractive,  &c.  By  Thomas  Fisher.  8vo. 
and  Atlas  folio.  From  the  Author. 

Annals  of  the  Lyceum  of  Natural  History  of  New  York.  Vol.  5.  No.  6. 
From  the  Lyceum. 

Annals  of  Science.  No.  19.  From  the  Editor. 

Verhandlungen  der  Russisch-Kaiserlichen  Mineralogischen  Gesellschaft  zu  St. 
Petersburg.  1842  to  1849.  6  vols.  From  the  Society. 

Schriften  der  in  St.  Petersburg  gestifteten  Russisch-Kaiserlichen  Gesell.  fur 
die  gesammte  Mineralogie.  Vol.  1.  Parts  1  and  2.  2  vols.  8vo.  From  the 
same. 

October  11  th* 

Dr.  Wilson  presented  the  following,  on  the  usual  condition  : 

London,  Edinburgh  and  Dublin  Philosophical  Magazine.  September,  1853. 
Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History  for  September,  1853. 

Revue  et  Magasin  de  Zoologie.  1853.  Nos.  7  and  8. 

Annals  de  Chimie  et  de  Physique.  3me  serie.  August,  1853. 

Annales  des  Sciences  Naturelles.  3me  serie.  Tome  19.  No.  5. 

Comptes  Rendus.  Tome  37.  Nos.  7,  8,  9. 

Journal  of  the  Franklin  Institute  for  October,  1853. 

October  18^/i. 

Report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Patents  for  the  year  1851.  2  vols.  8vo.  From 
the  Patent  Office. 

Memoirs  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Pennsylvania.  Vols.  3  and  4,  8vo. 
From  the  Society. 

Virginia  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal  for  October,  1853.  From  the  Editors. 
Annals  of  Science.  No.  20.  From  the  Editors. 

The  following  were  presented  by  Mr.  Edward  Wilson,  on  the  usual  condition: 
Versuche  fiber  die  Insecten.  Von  Carl  August  Schmid.  1  thiel.  12mo. 

Les  Abeilles  :  traduit  de  l’ltalien  de  J.  Rucellai  par  M.  Pingeron.  12mo. 


lxxiv. 


Essai  historique  et  politique  sur  la  race  des  Brebis  a  laine  fine.  Par  M.  Claude 
Alstrom.  12mo. 

Ausffirliche  Geschichte  des  Hunde,  &c.  8vo. 

Physikalische  Erdbeschreibuug  von  Ludwig  Mitterpacker.  8vo. 

Die  Erdbeben  und  Vulkane,  physisch  und  historisch  betrachtet.  Yon  B.  G. 
Walther.  8vo. 

Histoire  et  Phenomenes  du  Volcan  et  des  lies  Volcaniques  de  Santorin.  Par 
M.  l’Abbe  Pegues.  8vo. 

De  Part  du  Fontenier,  Sondeur,  et  des  Puits  Artesiens.  Par  F.  Gamier.  4to. 

Des  Vaters  Josephs  Torrubia  Yorbereitung  zur  Naturgeschichte  von  Spanien. 
4to.  ^ 

II  Vesuvio  poemetto  storico  fisico  del  P.  Atanagio  Cavalli  Carmelitano.  8vo. 

L’Art  d’elever  les  Vers  a  soie  ;  ouvrage  de  M.  le  Conte  Dandolo.  8vo.  3me 
edition. 

Wegweiser  durch  die  Gegend  um  Eilsen.  Von  Wilhelm  Strach.  8vo. 

Museum  Astronomique,  Geologique  et  Zoologique.  Par  M.  Cochet.  4to. 

V.  L.  Brera  medicinisch-practische  Vorselemque  fiber  die  vornehmsten  Ein- 
geweidewfirmer  des  Men6chlichen  lebenden  Korpers  und  die  sogenannten 
Wurmkrankheiten.  4to. 

Recherches  sur  la  formation  et  ^existence  des  Ruisseaux,  Rivieres  et  Tor¬ 
rens,  qui'circulent  sur  la  globe  Terrestre.  Par  M.  le  Creulx.  4to. 

CEuvres  d’ Agriculture  de  M.  de  Planazee.  4to. 

Memoires  de  Physique  sur  Part  de  fabriquer  le  fer,  &c.  ParM.  Grignore.  4to- 

Meditations  sur  Porigine  des  Fontaines,  Peau  des  Puits,  &c.  Par  M.  Kuhn.  4to. 

Dei  Fuimi  e  dei  Torrenti  libri  tre  del.  P.  D.  Paoli  Frisi  Bernabita.  4to. 

Explication  du  flux  et  reflux  dans  leurs  veritables  circonstances. 

Essai  sur  la  Marine  des  Anciens.  Par  M.  Deslandes.  l2mo. 

Histoire  Nationale  et  Dictionnaire  Geographique  de  toutes  les  Communes  du 
Department  de  la  Loire  Inferieure.  Par  Girault  de  St.  Fargeau.'  8vo. 


DONATIONS  TO  MUSEUM 
In  November  and  December,  1853. 

November  l«?f. 

Transition  Rock,  from  the  Pyrenees.  Presented  by  Dr.  Hallowell. 

Aboriginal  Cranium,  from  South  Carolina.  From  Dr.  R.  W.  Gibbes,  of  Co¬ 
lumbia,  S.  C. 

Specimens  of  colored  clay,  dredged  from  the  River  Delaware,  below  Phila¬ 
delphia.  From  Capt.  Marston,  U.  S.  Navy. 

Mounted  specimen  of  Balistes  fuliginosus,  from  the  Atlantic  Coast,  near  New¬ 
port,  R.  I.  From  Mr.  S.  Powel. 

November  8th . 

Fragment  of  the  lower  jaw  of  Bathygnathus  borealis,  Leidy,  from  the  New 
Red  Sandstone  Formation  of  Prince  Edward’s  Island.  Presented  by  Dr.  Leidy, 
Mr.  Isaac  Lea  and  Mr.  Vaux. 

Egg  of  Struthio  camelus.  From  Mr.  John  Merrick,  of  Hallowell,  Maine. 

Specimens  of  Cicada  Septendecim,  collected  near  Baltimore  in  1834,  and  pre¬ 
sented  by  Mr.  0.  A.  Norris. 

December  6th. 

The  following  were  presented  by  the  Smithsonian  Institution: — 

Serpents. — Crotalus  durissus,  from  Prairie  Mer  Rouge,  La.  ;  Crotalophorus 
miliarius,  Charleston,  S.  C. ;  C.  Kirtlandii,  from  Warren  Co.,  Ohio ;  Agkistro- 
don  contortrix,  from  Foxburg,  Pennsylvania,  and  Louisiana;  Elaps  fulvius,from 
Charleston,  S.  C. ;  Eutaenia  saurita,  from  Carlisle,  Pa.  ;  E.  Faireyi,  from  Prairie 
mer  Rouge,  La.  ;  E.  ordinata,  from  Georgia  ;  E.  marciana,  from  New  Brauns- 
fels,  Texas  ;  Nerodia  sipedon,  from  Carlisle,  Pa.;  N.  Woodhousii,  from  New 
Braunsfels,  Texas;  N.  Holbrookii,  from  Prairie,  Mer  Rouge,  La.;  Regina  leberis, 


lxxv. 


from  Carlisle  ;  Heterodon  platyrhinos,  from  Virginia;  H.  simus,  from  Abbeville, 
S.  C.;  Scottophis  guttatus,  from  Mississippi ;  Ophibolus  Sayi,  from  Prairie  mer 
Rouge  ;  Bascanion  constrictor,  from  Carlisle,  Pa.;  Leptophis  aestivus,  from  Mis¬ 
sissippi  ;  L.  majalis,  from  Eagle  Pass;  Chlorosoma  vernalis,  from  Westport,  N. 
Y.;  Diadophis  punctatus,  from  Carlisle,  Pa. ;  Haldea  striatula,  from  Richmond, 
Va.;  Farancia  abacurus,  from  Prairie  Mer  Rouge;  Abastor  erythrogrammus, 
from  Savannah,  Ga.;  Virginia  valeriae,  from  Anderson,  S.  C.;  Celuta  amcena, 
from  Carlisle  ;  Storeria  DeKayi.  Pittsburg,  Pa.;  S.  occipito-maculata,  from  An¬ 
derson,  S.  C. 

Specimens  of  Crawfishes. — Cambarus  Bartonii,  from  Coxackie,  N.  Y.;  C.  mon- 
tanus,  from  James  river,  Va.;  C.  robustus,  from  Humber  River,  Toronto  ;  C. 
diogenes,  from  District  of  Columbia  ;  C.Pealei,from  Potomac ;  C.propinquus,  from 
Garrison  Creek,  Sackett’s  Harbor;  C.  Blandingii,  from  Charleston,  S.  C.;  C. 
acutissimus,  from  Kemper  Co.,  Miss. 

December  \2th- 

Specimen  of  Pholas  dactylus,  Lam.,  in  bored  Gneiss  ;  from  the  Coast  of  France. 
From  Mr.  Isaac  Lea. 

Egg  of  the  common  fowl,  of  singular  irregular  form.  From  Mr.  Phillips. 

Mounted  specimen  of  Accipiter  Cooperi.  From  Mr.  John  Krider. 

Specimen  of  Atelas  hybridus,  Geoff.  From  the  same. 

December  20 tk. 

Cast  of  the  Egg  of  Epiornis,  of  the  Island  of  Madagascar.  Presented  by  Dr. 
J.  C.  Warren,  of  Boston. 

Tooth  of  Carcharias  megalodon,  from  the  marl  of  New  Jersey.  From  Dr.  G. 
Watson. 

Mounted  specimen  of  Vulpes  fulvus,  from  the  Eastern  shore  of  Maryland. 
From  Messrs.  J.  Le  Conte,  B.  H.  Rand,  S.  Ashmead  and  Zantzinger. 

Singular  mass  of  Oak  Wood,  found  in  a  stream  of  water  ;  the  ligneous  fibres  of 
which  have  been  washed  out,  leaving  the  medullary  rays  almost  entire.  From 
Rev.  W.  G.  Agnew. 

Two  fragments  of  fossil  mammals  represented  as  coming  from  China,  (Him¬ 
alayas?)  From  Dr.  Isaac  Hays. 

Buteo  vulgaris.  In  exchange  from  the  Wisconsin  Natural  History  Society. 


DONATIONS  TO  LIBRARY 
In  November  and  December,  1853. 

November  1st. 

Proceedings  of  the  Royal  Society  of  Edinburg,  Session  1851-2.  Vol.  3,  No. 
42.  From  the  Society. 

Quarterly  Journal  of  the  Geological  Society  of  London.  No.  35.  From  the 
Society. 

Journal  of  the  Indian  Archipelago  and  Eastern  Asia.  Vol.  7,  No.  1.  From 
the  Editor. 

Lord  Wrottesley’s  speech  in  the  House  of  Lords,  26th  April,  J853,  on  Lieut. 
Maury’s  plan  for  improving  Navigation.  From  the  author. 

Ueber  die  Luchsarten  des  Nordens  und  ihre  geographische  Verbreitung.  Von 
Leopold  Schrenk.  From  Prof.  Ed.  Grube,  of  Dorpat. 

Zur  Jubelfeier  der  K.  Universitilt  Dorpat  am  l2ten  und  13ten,  Dec.,  1852. 
From  the  same. 

Beschreibung  der  auf  A.  Th.  v.  MiddendorfPs  Sibirischer  Reise  gesammelten 
Parasiten.  Von  Dr.  E.  Grube.  From  the  author. 

Synopseos  Crustaceorum  Prussicorum  Prodromus.  Auctore  E.  G.  Zaddach 
From  Dr.  E.  G.  Grube. 

Uebersicht  des  obern  Silurischen  Schichten-Systems  Liv.  und  Ehstlands,  vor- 
namlich  ihrer  Inselgruppe.  ler  Theil.  Von  Alex.  Gustav.  Schrenk.  From 
the  same. 


lxxvi. 


Wiirttembergische  naturwissenschaftliche  Jahreshefte.  9ter  Jahrgang.  2  und 
3  heft.  From  the  Society. 

Vorwort  zum  vierundzwanzigsten  Bande  der  Verhandlungen  der  K.  Leopold, 
Carolin.  Akad.  der  Naturforscher.  From  the  Academy. 

Denkschriften  der  k.  Akad.  der  Wissenschaften.  Mathemat-Naturwissen. 
Classe.  Yol.  3,  No.  2,  Vol.  4.,  No.  2.  From  the  Acedemy. 

Sitzunssberichte  der  k.  Akad.  der  Wissen.  Mathemat-Naturwissen.  Classe. 
Yol.  8,  Nos.  4  and  5,  vol.  9,  Nos.  1  and  2.  From  the  same. 

Die  Feierliche  Sitzurig  der  k.  Akad.  der  Wissen.  Am  29,  Mai,  1852.  From 
the  same. 

Abhandlungen  der  Mathemat-Physikal.  Classe  der  k.  bayeiischen.  Akad.  der 
Wissen.  7th  vol.,  No.  1.  From  the  Academy. 

Gelehrte  Anzeigen.  Herausg.  von  Mitgl.  der.  k.  bayer.  Akad.  der  Wissen. 
Band  35.  From  the  same. 

Bulletin  der  k.  Akad.  der  Wissen.  27  Aug. — 6  Sept.,  1852.  From  the  same. 
Ueber  den  Chemismus  der  Vegetation.  Von  Dr.  A.  Vogel,  Jr.  From  the 
same. 

Das  physische  Leben  in  popularen  Vortragen.  Von  Dr.  Dan.,  Fr.  Eschricht. 
2  Vols.  8vo.  From  the  Author. 

Zeitschrift  der  deutschen  geologischen  Gessellschaft.  Vols.  1—4.  Erom  the 
Society. 

Biographical  and  Historical  Memoirs  of  the  early  Pioneer  Settlers  of  Ohio. 
By  S.  P.  Hildreth,  M.  D.  8vo.  From  the  Author. 

Report  of  Israel  D.  Andrews  on  the  Trade  and  Commerce  of  the  British  North 
American  Colonies,  &c.  (U.|S.  Senate  Doc.,  No.  112.)  8vo.  and  maps.  From 
the  Author. 

On  the  Venomous  Serpents  of  Georgia.  By  John  Le  Conte,  M.  D.  From  the 
Author. 

Proceedings  of  the  American  Philosoph.  Society.  Jan.  to  June,  1853.  From 
the  Society. 

The  following  were  presented  by  Dr.  Wilson  on  the  usual  condition. 
Monograph  of  the  Trochilidae.  By  John  Gould.  Parts  5  and  6.  Folio. 
Monograph  of  the  Rhamphastidae.  By  John  Gould.  Part  3.  Folio. 

The  Birds  of  Asia.  By  John  Gould.  Part  5.  Folio. 

Fortpflanzungsgeschichte  der  gesammten  Vogel.  Von  F.  A.  L.  Thienemann. 
Nos.  7,  8  and  9.  4to. 

Palaeontographica.  Beitrage  zur  Naturgeschichte  der  Vorwelt.  Von  W. 
Dunker  und  H.  Von  Meyer.  3  band,  4  lief.  4to. 

Comptes  Rendus.  Tome  37.  Nos.  11,  12. 

London  Athenaeum  for  September,  1853, 

Quarterly  Journal  of  Micro, scopical  Science.  Vol.  2,  No.  1. 

London,  Edinburgh  and  Dublin  Philosophical  Magazine  for  October,  1853. 
Annals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History  for  October,  1853. 

Monographia  Heliceorum  Viventium.  Auctore  Dr.  L.  Pfeiffer.  Vol.  3,  8vo. 
The  native  races  of  the  Indian  Archipelago.  Papuans.  By  George  Windsor 
Earl.  8vo. 

Ueber  die  vulkanischen  Gesteine  in  Sicilien  und  Island.  Von  W.  Sartorius 
von  Waltershausen.  8vo. 

Mikroskopische  Bilder.  Naturansichten  ans  dem  kleinsten  Raume.  Von  Dr. 
H.  Klencke.  8vo. 

Bonplandia.  Nos,  16,  17,  18. 


November  8 tk. 

Journal  of  the  Society  of  Arts  of  London.  Nos.  38 — 42.  From  the  Society. 
Transactions  of  the  Linnean  Society  of  London.  Vel.  21,  Part  2,  4to  ;  Pro¬ 
ceedings  of  the  same,  Nos.  48  to  51 ;  List  of  the  Society  for  1852.  From  the 
Society. 

American  Journal  of  Science  and  Arts,  Nov.  1853.  From  the  Editors. 
Rapport  anrfuel  sur  les  progres  des  Sciences  Physiques  et  Chimiques,  presente 


lxxvii. 


a  l’Academie  Royale  des  Sciences  de  Stockholm.  Par  J.  Berzelius.  1841  to  1848. 
6  vols.  8vo.  From  Dr.  C.  M.  Wetherill. 

Proceedings  of  the  Berwickshire  Naturalists’  Club.  Vol.  3,  No.  3. 

Zeitschrift  fur  Malakozoologie.  Von  K.  T.  Menke,  M.D.,und  Dr.  L.  Pfeiffer. 
1853,  No.  7.  F.om  Dr.  Wilson. 

Illustrations  of  the  Birds  of  California,  Texas,  &c.,  No.  2.  By  John  Cassin. 
From  the  same. 


November  1 5th» 

Memoires  de  la  Societe  Royale  des  Sciences  de  Liege.  Vol.  8,  8vo.  From 
the  Society. 

Annals  of  Science,  No.  22.  From  the  Editors. 

t 

November  22 d,  • 

Die  Kechua-Sprache  von  J.  J.  von  Tschudi.  2  vols.  8vo.  From  the  Author. 

Die  Huanulager  an  der  peruanischer  Kiiste.  Von  J.  J.  v.  Tschudi.  From 
the  same. 

Berichte  iiber  die  Verhandlungen  der  Konig.  Sachsischen  Gesellschaft  der 
Wissen.  zu  Leipzig.  Mathemat-Phys.  Classe.  1849 — 52,  No.  1,  1853.  From 
the  Society. 

Abhandlungen  der  Mathemat-Phys.  Classe  der  K.  Sachsischen  Gesellschaft 
der  Wissenschaften.  1  band  4to.  From  the  Society. 

Jahrbuch  der  kaiserlich.  koniglichen  geologischen  Reichsanstalt.  1842,  No. 
4.  From  the  Institute. 

Sitzungsberichte  der  Mathemat-Naturwissen.  Classe  der  K.  Akad.  der  Wis¬ 
sen.  10  band,  4 — 5  Heft.  From  the  Academy. 

Zeitschrift  der  deutschen  geologischen  Gesellschaft.  5  band,  1  heft.  8vo. 
From  the  Society. 

Oversigt  over  det  Kgl.  danske  Videnskabernes  Selskabs  Forhandlingar  eg  dets 
Medlemmers  Arheider  i  Aaret  1852.  8vo.  From  the  Society. 

Ueber  die  ewigen  Gesetze  der  Natur  die  Einfachheit,  die  Einheit  und  das  all- 
mahliche  Uebergehen  besonders  in  der  Mineralogie,  Geologie,  &c..  Von  Dr. 
Ami  Boue.  From  the  Author. 

Also,  from  the  same  donor,  the  following  : 

Ueber  die  jetzige  Palaeontologie  und  die  Mittel,  diese  Wissenschaft  zu  heben. 
Von  Dr.  Ami  Boue. 

Ueber  die  Karten  der  Gebirge  und  Thaler-Richtungen.  Von  Dr.  A.  Boue. 

Erlauterungen  iiber  die  im  Loss  des  Rheinthales  im  Jahre  1823  aufgefundenen 
Menschenknochen.  Von  Dr.  A.  Boue. 

Ueber  die  Umgekehrte  Lagerung  der  Gebirgsmassen.  Von  Dr.  A.  Boue. 

Ueber  das  Erdbeben,  welches  Mittel  Albanien  im  Oct.  D.  I.  So  Schrecklich 
getroffen  hat.  Von  Dr.  A.  Boue. 

Ueber  die  Nothwendigkeit  die  Erdbeben  und  vulcanischen  Erscheinungen 
genauer  als  bis  jetzt  beobachten  zu  lassen.  Von  Dr.  A.  Boue. 

Ueber  die  wissenschaftliche  und  praktische  Wichtigkeit  einer  genauen  geog- 
nostischen  Aufnahme  aller  grossen  Durchbriiche.  Von  Dr.  Ami  Boue. 

Vortrag  des  W.  M.  Hernn  Dr.  Boue,  in  der  Sitzung  der  Math.  Naturwissen. 
Classe  am  30  Jan.,  1851. 

Der  ganze  Zweek  und  der  hohe  Nutzen  der  Geologie.  V@n  Dr.  A.  Boue. 

Retrospective  iiber  die  verschiedene  Charakteristik  der  mechanischen  Ablage- 
rungen  der  Fliisse,  der  Susswasser-Seen  und  der  Meere,  besonders  in  der  Allu- 
vial-Zeit.  Von  Dr.  A.  Boue. 

Esquisse  Geologique  de  la  Turquie  d’Europe.  Par  A.  Boue. 

Bemerkungen  fiber  sein  Werk  la  Turquie  d’Europe,  von  Dr.  Boue. 

Beitrage  zur  Kenntniss  der  Gefasskryptogamen  von  W.  Hoffmeister. 

Ueber  die  Musikalische  Tonbestimmung  und  Temperatur.  Von  M.  W.  Dro- 
bisch. 

Entwickelung  des  Products  einer  Potenz  des  Radius  Vectors,  &c.  Von  P.  A. 
Hansen. 


lxxviii. 


The  following  were  presented  by  Dr.  Wilson  on  the  usual  condition  : 

Odontographie.  Vergleichende  Darstellung  des  Zahnsystemes  der  lebenden 
und  fossilen  Wirbelthiere  von  C.  G.  Giebel.  2  lief,  4to. 

Rudolph  Wagner’s  leones  Physiologicae.  lte  und  2te  lief. 

Comptes  Rendus.  Tome  37.  Nos.  13,  14,  15. 

Annales  de  Chimie,  Sept,  and  Oct.,  1853. 

Revue  et  Magasin  de  Zoologie,  1853,  No.  9. 

Journal  of  the  Franklin  Institute,  Nov.,  1853. 

*  December  6th. 

The  Virginia  Medical  and  Surgical  Journal,  Nov.,  1853.  From  the  Editors. 

Annual  Report  of  the  Superintendent  of  the  Coast. Survey  for  the  year  ending 
Nov.,  1851.  8vo.  and  Atlas  4to.  From  the  U.  S.  Treasury  Department. 

The  Charleston  Med.  Journal  and  Review,  Nov.,  1853.  From  the  Editors. 

Journal  of  the  Society  of  Arts  (London,)  Nos.  43 — 47.  From  the  Society. 

Index  polyglossus  Avium  et  Piscium  magis  communium.  From  Dr.  F.  Bache. 

Verhandlungen  des  zoologisch-botanischen  Vereins  in  Wien.  Vols.  1  and  2 
8vo.  From  the  Association. 

Histoire  physique,  politique  et  Naturelle  del’Ile  de  Cuba.  Par  M.  Ramon  de 
la  Sagra.  Livs.  62 — 72.  From  Messrs.  Vaux,  Elwyn,  Clay  and  Carpenter. 

Annales  des  Sciences  Naturelles.  3me  serie.  Zoologie,  Tomes  15,  16,  17, 
18  ;  Botanique,  Tomes  15,  16,  17,  18.  From  Dr.  Wilson. 

December  13  th. 

The  U.  S.  Grinnell  Expedition  in  search  of  Sir  John  Franklin.  A  personal 
narrative.  By  E.  K.  Kane,  M.  D.  8vo.  From  the  Author,  through  the  Hon. 
J.  K.  Kane. 

Eloge  Historique  d’  Etienne  GeofFroy  St.  Hilaire.  Par  M.  Flourens.  From 
the  author,  through  Mr.  Isaac  Lea. 

List  of  Infusorial  objects,  found  chiefly  in  the  vicinity  of  Salem,  Mass.  By 
Thomas  Cole,  A.  M.  From  Mrs.  Cole. 

v 


. 


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