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PROCEEDINGS 


OF   THE 


/ 


Biological  Society  o!  WasMiton 


^ « 


. 


VOLUME  XIII 

1899  -  1900 


WASHINGTON 

PRINTED  FOR  THE  SOCIETY 

1901 


COMMITTEE  ON  PUBLICATIONS 

1899 

T.  S.  PALMER,    Chairman 

F.  H.  KNOWLTON  O.  F.  COOK 

1900 

F.  H.  KNOWLTON,   Chairman 

T.  S.  PALMER  C.  L.  POLLARD 


(ii) 


CONTENTS.  V  '     ' 

Page 

Officers  and  committees  for  1890 v 

Officers  and  committees  for  1900 vii 

Proceedings ix-xx 

Notes  on  the  Naked-tailed  Armadillos,  by  Gerrit  S.  Miller,  Jr 1-8 

A  New  Pigmy  Oryzomys  from  the  Santa  Marta  Region  of  Colom- 
bia, by  Outram  Bangs 9-10 

Description  of  a  New  Vole  from  Eastern  Siberia,  by  Gerrit  S. 

Miller,  Jr 11-12 

A  New  Vole  from  Hall  Island,  Bering  Sea,  by  Gerrit  S.  Miller,  Jr.       13-14 

The  Florida  Puma,  by  Outram  Bangs 15-17 

Descriptions  of  Six  New  Rodents  of  the  Genera  Aplodontia  and 

Thomomys,  by  C.  Hart  Merriam 19-21 

Notes  on  Three  Genera  of  Dolphins,  by  T.  S.  Palmer 23-24 

Descriptions  of  New  Birds  from  Northwestern  Mexico,  bj'  E.  W. 

Nelson 25-31 

Two  New  Glossophagine  Bats  from  the  West  Indies,  by  Gerrit 

S.  Miller,  Jr 33-37 

A  New  Polar  Hare  from  Labrador,  by  Gerrit  S.  Miller,  Jr 39-40 

Chamcfa  fasciata  and  its  Subspecies,  hy  Wilfred  H.  Osgood 41-42 

Description  of  a  new  Lemming  Mouse  from  the  White  Moun- 
tains, New  Hampshire,  by  Edward  A.  Preble 43-45 

The  Eye  of  Byblis  t^erratn,  by  Sylvester  1).  Judd 47-51 

A  New  Fossil  Bear  from  Ohio,  by  Gerrit  S.  Miller,  Jr ,53-.56 

A  New  Moose  from  Alaska,  by  Gerrit  S.  Miller,  Jr 57-.59 

Ferns  of  the  Dismal  Swamp,  Virginia,  by  William  Palmer 61-70 

Notes  on    Tatoua   and   Other  Genera  of    Edentates,  by  T.  S. 

Palmer 71-73 

A  New  Treefrog  from  the  District  of  Columbia,  by  Gerrit  S. 

Miller,  Jr 1 75-78 

The   Dogbanes  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  by  Gerrit  S.  Mil- 
ler, Jr 79-90 

On  Some  New  or  Rare  Birds  from  the  Sierra  Nevada  de  Santa 

Marta,  Colombia,  by  Outram  Bangs 91-108 

The  Botanical  Explorations  of  Thomas  Nuttall  in  California,  by 

Frederick  V.  Coville 109-121 

Three  New  Bats  from  the  Island  of  Curasao,  by  Gerrit  S.  Mil- 
ler, Jr 123-127 

Eight  New  Species  of  North  American  Plants,  by  Charles  Louis 

Pollard 129-132 

Some  New  or  Noteworthy  Louisiana  Plants,  by  Charles  Louis 

Pollard  and  Carleton  R.  Ball 133-135 

Seven  New  Rats  Collected  by  Dr.  W.  L.  Abbott  in  Siam,  by 

Gerrit  S.  Miller,  Jr 137-150 

Descriptions  of  Two  New  Mammals  from  California,  by  C.  Hart 

Merriam 151 

Description  of  a  New   Harvest  Mouse  (Reithrodontomys)  from 

Mexico,  by  C.  Hart  Merriam 152 

Descriptions  of  Two  New  Mammals  from  Southern  California, 

by  F.  Stephens 153 

General  Notes 154-158 

Veapertilio  co7icin?ms  of  Harrison  Allen,  154;  Generic  name 
Evotomys  not  invalidated  by  Anaptogonia,  154;  Note  on 
Mieronycteris  brarhyotis  Dobson  and  M.  microtis  Miller,  154; 
Systematic  name  of  the  Cuban  Red  Bat,  155;  Note  on  the 
Vespertilio  blythii  of  Tomes,  155;    The  Scotophilus  pachyo- 

(iii) 


^y'o^//' 


iv  Contents  and  Illustrations. 

Page 
mus  of  Tomes  a  valid  species,  155;  A  bat  of  the  genus 
Lirhonycteris  in  South  America,  156;  Systematic  name  of 
the  large  noctule  bat  of  Europe,  156;  Antennaria  solitaria 
near  the  District  of  Columbia,  157;  Batrarlninn  hederaceum 
in  America,  157;  Change  of  name,  158. 
A  Second  (bllection  of   Bats   from    the   Island  of  Curasao,  by 

Gerrit  S.  Miller,  Jr ."..    159-162 

A  New  Gerbille  from  Eastern  Turkestan,  by  Gerrit  S.  Miller,  Jr.    163-164 

General  Notes 165-170 

The  systematic  name  of  the  Cuban  red  .bat,  165;  On  the  oc- 
currence of  a  bat  of  the  genus  ^^ornioop.s  in  the  United 
States,  166;  A  correction  relative  to  the  Tarsier,  166;  An 
older  name  for  the  Aard  Yark,  166;  An  older  name  for  the 
Ogotona,  166;  The  proper  name  of  the  Viscacha,  166;  An 
older  name  for  the  Norway  rat,  167;  On  the  recent  occur- 
rence of  the  black  rat  in  Boston,  Massachusetts,  1()7;  Note 
on  Dipodoinjjs  montunus  Baird,  167;  Remarks  on  an  unusual- 
ly large  lobster  caught  off  Newport,  Rhode  Island,  168;  A 
new  southern  violet,  169;  The  correct  name  for  the  eastern 
form  of  the  fox  squirrel,  169. 

Some  Plants  of  West  Virginia,  by  E.  L.  Morris 171-182 

General  Notes 183-184 

New  name  for  a  North  American  squirrel,  183;  The  proper 
name  of  the  Viscacha,  183:  A  new  Helianthus  from  Florida, 
184. 

A  New  Mouse  Deer  from  Lower  Siam,  by  Gerrit  S.  Miller,  Jr 185-186 

Mammals  Collected  bv  Dr.  W.  L.  Abbott  on  Pulo  Lankawi  and 

the  Butang  Islands,"  by  Gerrit  S.  Miller,  Jr 187-193 

Ribes  mescalerium,  an  Undescribed  Currant  from  New  Mexico 

and  Texas,  by  Frederick  V.  Coville 195-198 

Polypodium  he)<perium,  a  New  Fern  from  Western  North  Amer- 
ica, by  William  R.  Maxon 199-200 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS. 

PLATES. 

I.  Dryopteru  (joldimnn  relsa  and  Bryopteris  goldieana  goldieana. 
II.   Dogbanes  of  the  District  of  Columbia. 

III.  Skulls  of  Rats  (Mus)  from  Siam. 

IV.  Skulls  of  Rats  \Mus)  from  Siam. 
V.  Skulls  of  Rats  \Mus)  from  Siam. 

TEXT  FIGURES. 

Page 

Figure     1.  Heads  of  Taf.ouaMKpidaa.nd  T at oua  centralis  from  side.       4 

2.  Heads  of  Tatoua  hispida  and  Tatoua  centralis  from  above      5 

3.  Skulls  of  Synaptomys  sphagnicola  and   Synaptomys  i?i- 

ntiitus 44 

4.  Diagrammatic  section  of  eye  of  Byblis  serrata 49 

5.  Section  of  eye  of  Byblis  serrata .....,..., 50 


OFFICERS  AND  COUNCIL 


OF   THE 


BIOLOGICAL  SOCIETY  Of  WASHINGTON 

For  1899. 


(ELECTED  DECEMBER  17,  1898) 


OFFICERS 

President 
FREDERICK  V.  COVILLE 

Vice-P7-esidents 

WM.  H.  ASHMEAD  B.  W.   EVERMANN 

C.  W.  STILES  •    F.  A.  LUCAS 

Recording  Secretary 

H.  J.  WEBBER 

Corresponding  Secretary 

O.  P.  COOK 

Treasurer 

F.  H.  KNOWLTON 

COUNCII, 

WILLIAM  H.  DALL*  CHARLES  L.  POLLARD 

THEODORE  GILL*  GEORGE  M.  STERNBERG* 

L.,  O.  HOWARD*  FREDERICK  W.  TRUE 

C.  L.  MARLATT  M.  B.  WAITE 

C.  HART  MERRIAM*  LESTER  F.  WARD* 

T.  S.  PALMER  CHARLES  A.  WHITE* 


STANDING  COMMITT^FS     1899. 

Committee  o  n  Co  m  m  u  n  icd  t  to  n  s 
F.  A.   Lucas,    Vlutiniuin 

A.  F.  Woods  L.  H.  Dewey 

E.  A.  De  Schweinitz  W.  H.  Ashmead 


Committee  on.  Publication 


s 


T.  S.  Palmek,  C/nrinnan 
F.  H.  Knowlton  O.  F.  Cook 


* Ex-Presideats  of  the  Society. 

(V) 


OFFICERS  AND  COUNCIL 


OF  THE 


BIOLOGICAL  SOCIETY   OF   WASHINGTON 


For  1900 


(ELECTED  DECEMBER  30,  1899) 


OFFICERS 

President 
FREDERICK  V.  COVILLE 

Vice-Presidents 


WM.  H.  ASHMEAD 
C.  H.  STILES 


B.  W.  EVERMANN 
F.  A.  LUCAS 


Recm'ding  Secretary 
H.  J.  WEBBER 

Corresponding  Secretary 
T.  W.  STANTON 

Treasurer 
F.  H.  KNOWLTON 


COUNCII, 


WILLIAM  H.  DALL* 
THEODORE  GILL* 
L.  O.   HOWARD* 
C.  L.   MARLATT 
C.  HART  MERRIAM* 
T.  S.  PALMER 


CHARLES  L.  POLLARD 
GEORGE  M.  STERNBERG* 
M.  B.  WAITE 
LESTER  F.  WARD* 
CHARLES   A.  AVHITE* 
A.  F.  WOODS 


B.    W.    EvERMANN 

V.  K.  Chesnut 


T.  S.  Palmer 


STANDING  COMMTTTBES— 1900 

Committee  on  Communications 

F.  A.  Lucas,   Chairman 

A.  F.  Woods 
W.  H.  Osgood 

Committee  on  Publications 

F.  H.  Knowlton,   Chairman 

C.  L.  Pollard 


*Ex-Presidents  of  the  Society. 


(vii) 


Vol.  XIII,  pp.  ix-xx  March  9,  1901 

PROCEEDINGS 


OF  THB 


BIOLOGICAL   SOCIETY   OF   WASHINGTON^'  '">^7>n.. 

L  I  &  i-^  A  i«  , 
PROCEEDINGS.  VA-   "^  *  » ' 


The  Society  meets  in  the  Assembly  Hall  of  the  Cosmos  Club 
on  alternate  Saturdays  at  8  p.  m.  Brief  notices  of  the  meetings, 
with  abstracts  of  the  papers,  are  published  in  Science. 

January  14,  1899— 300th  Meeting. 

The  President  in  the  chair  and  32  persons  present. 

W.  H.  Ashmead  exhibited  specimens  of  Chirodaimts,  a  rare 
South  American  wasp,  three  specimens  of  which  had  been  found 
in  a  collection  presented  to  the  National  Museum  by  the  U.  S. 
Fish  Commission. 

Vernon  Bailey  described  an  interesting  case  of  protective 
coloration  in  Ochotoyia. 

C.  L.  Pollard  exhibited  photographs  of  the  laboratory  build, 
inffs  of  the  New  York  Botanical  Garden  in  course  of  erection. 

V.  K.  Chesnut  exhibited  photographs  and  fruits  of  the  Cali- 
fornia laurel  {JJmbellularia  calif  arnica),  a  plant  belonging  to 
the  olive  family,  the  leaves  of  which  contain  a  volatile  oil  which 
is  distilled  and  used  for  medicinal  purposes.  The  fruits  are 
greatly  valued  by  the  Indians  as  an  article  of  food. 

The  following  communications  were  presented: 

C.  L.  Marlatt:  A  New  Nomenclature  of  the  Broods  of  the 
Periodical  Cicada.* 


*Bull.  No.  18,  New  Series,  Division  of  Entomology,  U.  S.  Dept.  of  Agr., 

Nov.,  1898,  pp.  52-58. 

(ix) 


X  The  Biological  Society  of  WasJnngton. 

E.  A.  De  Schweinitz:  The  Practical  Working  of  the  Serum 
Treatment  for  Swine.* 

Erwin  F.  Smith:  The  Effect  of  Acid  Media  on  the  Growth  of 
Certain  Plant  Parasites,  f 

January  28,  1899— 30ist  Meeting. 

The  President  in  the  chair  and  57  persons  present. 

The  evening  was  devoted  to  a  symposium  upon  the  topic  'The 
Great  Dismal  Swamp',  with  the  following  speakers: 

David  White:  Geology  and  Physiography  of  the  Dismal 
Swamp. 

F.  G.  Gardner:  Soils  of  the  Dismal  Swamp.  J 
Thomas  H.  Kearney:  The  Flora  of  the  Dismal  Swamp. § 
William  Palmer:  The  Fauna  of  the  Dismal  Swamp. 

February  11,  1899— 302d  Meeting. 

The  President  in  the  chair  and  13  persons  present. 
A  severe  blizzard  was  in  progress  and  the  society  adjourned 
immediately  after  the  reading  of  the  minutes  of  the  preceding 


meeting. 


February  25,  1899—303*1  Meeting. 

The  President  in  the  chair  and  33  persons  present. 

H.  J.  Webber  discussed  the  recent  researches  of  Lawson  on 
Cobaea  scandens  in  which  a  new  method  of  spindle  formation  is 
described. 

Gen.  Sternberg  called  attention  to  the  falling  of  leaves  of 
Maynolia  grandiflora  in  Washington  caused  by  the  recent 
severe  cold. 

The  evenino-  was  devoted  to  the  further  discussion  of  the 
Dismal  Swamp.  The  following  speakers  participated:  W.  H. 
Seaman,  F.  D.  Gardner,  F.  V.  Coville,  William  Palmer,  Ver- 
non  Bailey,   A.   K.  Fisher,  M.  B.  Waite,  and  Lester  F.  Ward. 


*The  Serum  Treatment  of  Swine  Plague  and  Hog  Cholera.  Bull.  23 
Bureau  Animal  Industry,  U.  S.  Dept.  of  Agr.,  1899,  pp.  1-18. 

+To  be  published  as  a  Bulletin  of  the  Division  of  Vegetable  Physiology 
and  l*atho]ogy,  U.  S.  Dept.  of  Agr. 

^To  bo  published  in  Contributions  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb. 

gTo  be  published  in  Contributions  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb. 


Proceedings.  xi 

March  ii,  1899— 304th  Meeting. 

The  President  in  the  chair  and  93  persons  present. 

The  evening  was  devoted  to  a  lecture  by  Mr.  Robert  T.  Hill 
on  'The  Natural  Aspects  of  Porto  Rico'  (illustrated  by  numer- 
ous lantern  slides). 

March  25,  1899— 305th  Meeting. 

The  President  in  the  chair  and  39  persons  present. 

The  following  communications  were  presented: 

T.  S.  Palmer:  The  Danger  of  Introducing  Noxious  Animals 
and  Birds.* 

M.  B.  Waite:  The  Effects  of  the  Recent  Severe  Cold  on 
Vegetation. 

F.  A.  Lucas:  The  Mental  Traits  of  the  Fur-Seal,  f 

April  8,  1899— 306th  Meeting. 

The  President  in  the  chair  and  39  persons  present. 
The  following  communications  were  presented: 
William  Palmer:  The  Ferns  of  Hemlock  Bluff.  ^ 
O.  F.  Cook:  Notes  on  the  Habits  of  African  Termites. 
Erwin    F.   Smith:    Biological  Characteristics  as  a  Means  of 
Species  Differentiation. 

April  22,  1899— 307th  Meeting. 

The  President  in  the  chair  and  38  persons  present. 
The  following  communications  were  presented: 
T.  D.  A.  Cockerell:  Faunae  and  Faunulae  of  New  Mexico. 
Oscar  Loew:  On  the  fermentation  of  Tobacco.  § 
Albert  F.  Woods:  Some  Microchemical  Reactions  resembling 
Fungi.  I 

May  6,  1899— 308th  Meeting. 

In  the  place  of  the  regular  meeting  of  the  Society,  a  joint 
meeting  with  the  Chemical  Society  was  held,  President  Stokes 

*Yearbook  U.  S.  Dept.  of  Agr.,  1898,  pp.  87-110,  figs.  1-G. 

fReport  of  Fur-Seal  Investigation  of  1896-7,  Vol.  Ill,  pp.  09-74. 

tThe  Plant  World  3:   143-149.     1899. 

^Report  No.  59,  U.  S.  Dept.  of  Agr. 

il  Science  n.  s.  IX,  No.  223,  pp.  508-510.     April  7,  1899. 


xii  The  Biological  Society  of  Washington. 

of  the  Chemical  Society  presiding,  assisted  by  the  President  of 
the  Biological  Society. 

The  evening  was  devoted  to  a  lecture  by  Dr.  Oscar  Loew  on 
'Tho  Function  of  Mineral  Substances  in  Organisms'*  which 
was  followed  by  ten-minute  discussions  by  H.  W.  Wiley  and 
Frank  Cameron,  of  the  Chemical  Society,  and  Af  F.  Woods  and 
Erwin  F.  Smith,  of  the  Biological  Society. 

May  20,  1899— 309th  Meeting. 

The  President  in  the  chair  and  37  persons  present. 

The  following  communications  were  presented: 

C.  Hart  Merriam:  The  Fauna  and  Flora  of  Mount  Shasta 
Contrasted  with  those  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  and  Cascade 
Ranges,  f 

Charles  L.  Pollard:  Species  Characters  among  Violets. 

Sylvester  D.  Judd:  Birds  killed  by  the  Monument  during  the 
Night  of  May  12,  1899. 

William  Palmer:  The  evolution  of  a  Subspecies.  J 

October  21,  1899 — 310th  Meeting. 

The  President  in  the  chair  and  25  persons  present. 

The  following  communications  were  presented: 

O.  P.  Hay:  A  Census  of  North  American  Fossil  Verte- 
brates. § 

V.  K.  Chesnut:  Notes  on  a  Preliminary  Catalogue  of  Plants 
Poisonous  to  Stock.  |j 

Herbert  J.  Webber:  Polyembryony  in  Citrus  Hybrids.  1^ 

*Bull.  No.  18,  Division  of  Vegetable  Physiology  and  Pathology  U.  S. 
Dept.  of  Agr. 

f The  Boreal  Fauna  and  Flora  of  Shasta  contrasted  with  Correspond- 
ing Faunas  and  Floras  of  tlie  Sierra  and  the  Cascades.  N.  Am.  Fauna 
No.  16,  pp.  69-82,  October  28,  1899. 

:|:Auk.  July,  1900.  Under  the  title  'Ecology  of  the  Maryland  Yel- 
lowthroat  and  Its  Relatives'. 

t^Science  n.  s.  X,  pp.  681-684.     1899. 

||15lh  An.  Kept.  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  U.  S.  Dept.  of  Agr.,  pp. 
387-420.     1899. 

^jJoiir.  Royal  ITort.  Soc.  London,  Vol.  XXIV,  under  the  title  "Worli 
of  tlie  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture  on  Plant  Hybridiza- 
tion". 


Proceedi)igs.  xiii 

Albert  F.  Woods:  Additional  Notes  on  the  Spot  Disease  of 
Carnations.* 

November  9,  1899—31  ith  Meeting. 

The  President  in  tlie  chair  and  26  persons  present. 

The  following  communications  were  presented: 

L.  O.   Howard:    Preliminary   Notice   of  an    Investigation   of 

the  Insect  Fauna  of  Human  Excrement,  f 

W.  H.  Dall:  Notes  on  Honolulu  and  the  Hawaiian  Islands.  J 
G.    K.    Gilbert:    The   Submerged   Forests  of    the   Columbia 

River.  . 

November  18,  1899  -312th  Meeting. 

The  President  in  the  chair  and  31)  persons  present. 

H.  J.  Webber  called  attention  to  the  morphologically  com- 
pound nature  of  the  leaves  of  Ampelopsis  tricuspidata  and  ex- 
hibited specimens  collected  by  Doctor  Evans. 

The  following  communications  were  presented: 

F.  A.  Lucas:  Letter  from  H.  II.  Field  concerning  the  Con- 
cilium Bibliographicum  and  the  })roposed  Catalogue  of  the 
Royal  Society. 

F.  V.  Coville:  The  Botanical  Explorations  of  Thomas  Nut- 
tall  in  California.  § 

Barton  W.  Evermann:  A  Physical  and  Biological  Survey  of 
Lake  Maxinkuckee. 

December  2,  1899— 313th  Meeting. 

The  President  in  the  chair  and  31  persons  pl-esent. 

W.  H.  Dall  exhibited  specimens  of  Barringtonia  speciosa 
and  called  attention  to  the  practice  of  stupifying  the  fish  by 
this  so  called  fish  poison  by  throwing  the  bruised  kernels  into 
small  ponds,  etc.  | 

Walter  Evans  stated  that  trifoliate  and  tripartite  grape  leaves 

*Bull.  No.  19,  Division  of  Vegetable  Physiology  and  Pathology  U.  S. 
Dept.  of  Agr.     1900. 
fProc.  Wash.  Acad.  Sci.  II,  pp.  541-603.     2  pi.  and  22  iigs. 
^Nation  LXIX,  No.  1792,  pp.  331-333,  Nov.  2,  1899. 
gProc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.  XIII,  pp.  109-121,  Dec.  30,  1899. 
8  Nation  LXIX,  p.  331. 


« 


xiv  The  Biological  Society  of  Washington. 

are  occasionally  found  similar  to  the  specimens  of  Ampelopsis 
tricuspidata  exhibited  at  the  preceding  meeting. 

F.  V.  Coville  exhibited  an  entire  and  bisected  cone  of  Pinus 
attemiata  both  covered  with  lichens.  These  cones  it  was  stated 
remain  on  the  trees  from  twenty  to  fifty  years  and  seem  to  open 
and  release  the  seeds  only  when  exposed  to  great  heat,  so  that 
no  seedlings  of  this  pine  were  to  be  seen  except  where  the 
ground  had  been  swept  over  by  fire. 

The  following  communications  were  presented: 

L.  H.  Dewey:  Frost  Flowers. 

H.  J.  Webber:  The  Effect  of  Hybridization  in  the  Origina- 
tion of  Cultivated  Plants.* 

O.  P.  Hay:  The  Chronological  Distribution  of  Elasmo- 
branchs.  f 

December  i6,  1899    314th  Meeting. 

The  President  in  the  chair  and  24  persons  present. 
H.  J.  Webber  spoke  of  the  necessity  for  a  new  horticultural 
term  like  race  to  refer  to  varieties  of  cultivated  plants  propa- 
gated by  vegetative  parts. 

G.  K.  Gilbert  called  attention  to   the  necessity  for  a  broad 
term  to  apply  to  the  sum  of  plants  and  animals  occurring  in  a 
region.     Attention  was  called  to  the  word  life. 
The  following  communications  were  presented: 
Lester  F.  Ward:  The  fossil  Forests  of  Arizona.  J 
F.  A.  Lucas:  Blue  Fox  Trapping  in  the  Pribilofs.§ 
M.  B.  Waite:  Soil  Inoculation  Experiments  with  Soy  Beans. 

December  30,  1899— 315th  Meeting. 

TWENTIETH    ANNUAL    MEETING. 

The  President  in  the  chair  and  1 1  persons  present. 

The  annual  reports  of  the  Recording  Secretary  and  Treasurer 

*Yearbook  U.  S.  Dept.  of  Agr.  1899,  pp.  4()5-490,  incorporated  in  an 
article  entitled  "Progress  of  Plant-breedinjif  in  Uie  United  States." 

f  Will  appear  in  Trans.  Am.  Pliil.  See. 

:j:Published  as  "Report  on  the  Petrified  Forests  of  Arizona".  Dept. 
of  the  Interior,  1900. 

^Science,  Jan.  26,  1900,  pp.  125-128. 


Proceedings.  xv 

were  read,  and  officers  for  the  ensuing  year  elected   as   follows: 

President:  F.  V.  Coville. 

Vice-presidents:  Wm.  H.  Ashmead,  C.  W.  Stiles,  B.  W. 
Evermann,  F.  A.  Lucas. 

Recording  Secretary:   H.  J.  Webber. 

Corresponding  Secretary:   T.  W.  Stanton. 

Treasurer:  F.  H.  Knowlton. 

Members  of  the  Council:  T.  S.  Palmer,  C.  L.  Marlatt,  A.  F. 
Woods,  C.  L.  Pollard,  M.  B.  Waite. 

The  following  standing  committees  were  appointed  by  the 
President: 

On  Communications :  F.  A.  Lucas,  B.  W.  Evermann,  A.  F. 
Woods,  V.  K.  Chesnut,  and  W.  li.  Osgood. 

On  PiihUcations:  F.  H.  Knowlton,  T.  S.  Palmer,  and  C.  L. 
Pollard. 

January  13,  1900— 316th  Meeting. 

Vice-president  Lucas  in  the  chair  and  .56  persons  present. 

W.  R.  Maxon  called  attention  to  an  interesting  bifurcation 
in  a  flight  feather  of  the  peacock. 

William  Palmer  exhibited  specimens  of  various  fern  fronds 
showing  abnormal  bifurcations. 

W.  H.  Seaman  mentioned  a  case  of  the  bifurcation  of  the 
fourth  rib  in  man. 

F.  A.  Lucas  spoke  of  the  common  occurrence  of  such  bifur- 
cations in  animals. 

II.  J.  Webber  called  attention  to  the  similar  bifurcations  in 
the  trunk  of  8ahal  ixihnetto,  three  cases  having  been  ob- 
served in  Florida.  One  specimen  of  the  same  palm  had  been 
observed  with  three  and  one  with  four  branches  in  the  trunk; 
but  such  branching,  is  very  rare. 

The  following  communications  were  presented: 

Vernon  Bailey:  Where  the  Grebe  Skins  come  from.* 

J.  W.  Daniel,  Jr. :  Zoological  Collecting  in  Cuba. 

William  Palmer:  The  ferns  of  the  Lower  Shenandoah  Valley. 

E.  L.  Morris:  A  Revision  of  the  Species  of  Plantago  com- 
monly referred  to  P.  patagonica.  f 


*Bird  Lore  II,  p.  34.     February,  1900. 
fBull.  Terr.  Bot.  Club.     27:  105-109.     1900. 


xvi  Thf  biological  Society  of  Washington. 

January  27,  1900 — 317th  Meeting. 

The  President  in  the  chair  and  30  persons  present. 

William  Palmer  exhibited  specimens  of  abnormal  fern  fronds. 

H.  J.  Webber  exhibited  specimens  and  photographs  of  aerat- 
ing roots  of  Taxoditcm,  Avicennia,  Laguticularia,  and  Rhizo- 
phora. 

O.  F.  Cook  described  a  mangrove  growing  on  dry  land  in 
Africa. 

W.  T.  Swingle  spoke  of  the  occurrence  of  cypress  knees  in 
Europe  where  Doctor  Lotsy  stated  they  were  not  formed.  . 

The  following  communications  were  presented: 

T.  A.  Williams:  Notes  on  a  New  Lecidea  from  Mexico. 

Barton  W.  Everraann:  Some  observations  concerning  Species 
and  Subspecies.* 

February  10,  1900— 318th  Meeting. 

The  President  in  the  chair  and  45  persons  present. 

H.  J.  Webber  exhibited  a  photograph  of  the  tropical  papaw 
{^Garica  papaya^. 

B.  W.  Evermann  described  the  papaw  as  occurring  in  Puerto 
Rico. 

The  following  communications  were  presented: 

Henry  W.  Olds:  Form  in  the  Songs  of  Birds. 

M.  G.  Kains:  The  Effect  of  the  Electric  Arc  Light  in  the 
Culture  of  Easter  Lilies,  f 

E.  V.  Wilcox:  Lupines  as  Plants  Poisonous  to  Stock.  J 

February  24,  1900— 319th  Meeting. 

The  President  in  the  chair  and  8  persons  present. 
The  following  communications  were  presented: 
W.  A.  Orton:  The  Sap-Flow  of  the  Maple  in  Spring. 
M.  B.  Waite:  Michigan  Peach  Orchards.  8 

*Science,  n.  s.,  ii:  451-455.     March  23,  1900. 
fFlorists  Exchange,  Feb.  22,  1900. 
t-Tour.  Comp.  Med.  and  Vet.  Arch.  20:  666-774.     1899. 
gReport  Maryland  State  Hort.  Soc.  2:  41. 


Proceedings.  xvii 

March  lo,  1900 — 320th  Meeting. 

The  President  in  the  chair  and  125  persons  present. 

The  evening  was  devoted  to  a  lecture  by  Prof.  Dean  C.  Wor- 
cester on  "The  Birds  and  Mammals  of  the  Philippines"  (illus- 
trated by  lantern  slides). 

March  24,  1900—32151  Meeting. 

Vice-president  Lucas  in  the  chair  and  46  persons  present. 
B.  W.  Everniann  exhibited  a  number  of  colored  illustrations 
of  the  peculiar  and  interesting  fishes  of  Puerto  Rico. 
The  following  communications  were  presented: 
Sylvester  D.  Judd:  Feeding  Experiments  with  Captive  Birds. 
W.  H.  Osgood:  Notes  on  a  Trip  down  the  Yukon  River.* 
F.  A.  Lucas:  The  Tusks  of  the  Mammoth. 

April  7,  1900— 322d  Meeting. 

Vice-president  Ashmead  in  the  chair  and  37  persons  present. 

W.  P.  Hay  exhibited  living  specimens  of  an  interesting 
Crustacean  [Branchijyus  serratus).  It  was  stated  that  this 
genus,  which  is  normally  a  fresh  water  form,  has  been  trans- 
formed into  a  salt  water  form  by  being  grown  in  salt  solutions. 

F.  D.  Gardner  exhibited  specimens  of  fine  oolitic  sand  from 
shore  of  Salt  Lake. 

The  following  communications  were  presented: 

L.  O.  Howard:  Some  Kew  Hlustrations  of  Insects  (illustrated 
with  lantern  slides). 

F.  W.  True:  The  Newfoundland  Whale  Fishery  (illustrated 
with  lantern  slides). 

.  April  21,  1900—323(1  Meeting. 

The  President  in  the  chair  and  28  persons  present. 

H.  J.  Webber  described  the  migration  of  the  vegetative  nu- 
cleus in  the  pollen-tube  of  Zaniia  from  the  apex  of  the  tube, 
when  growth  in  that  region  ceases,  back  to  the  pollen-grain  end 
of  the  tube,  when  the  growth  begins  in  that  section  of  the  tube 
just  previous  to  fecundation. 

*N.  Am.  Fauna,  No.  19.  October  6,  1900.  Under  the  title  "Results 
of  a  Biological  Reconnoissance  of  tlie  Yukon  River  Region." 


xviii  The  Biological  Society  of   Washingto)-). 

The  following  eoTumunications  were  presented: 

C.  H.  Townsend:  The  Flying  Foxes  of  the  South  Sea  Islands 
(illustrated  with  lantern  slides). 

V.  K.  Chesnut:  Acorns  as  Food. 

W.  A.  Orton:  The  Sap-flow  of  the  Ma])le  (illustrated  with 
lantern  slides). 

May  5,  1900  — 324th  Meeting. 

In  the  place  of  the  regular  meeting,  a  joint  meeting  with  the 
Chemical  Society  was  held,  President  Bolton,  of  the  Chemical 
Society  presiding.      65  persons  were  present. 

The  program  for  the  evening  consisted  of  a  symposium  on 
the  topic  "The  Chemical  and  Biological  Properties  of  Proto- 
plasm". The  discussion  was  led  by  Oscar  Loew,*  II.  J.  Web- 
ber, H.  N.  Stokes,  and  A.  F.  Woods. 

May  19,  1900— 325th  Meeting. 

Vice-president  Lucas  in  the  chair  and  76  persons  present. 

The  program  of  the  evening  consisted  of  a  lecture  by  C.  H. 
Townsend  on  "The  Cruise  of  the  Albatross  in  the  South  Sea 
Islands,  with  Notes  on  the  Interesting  Races  of  People  Inhabit- 
ing the  Islands,  Their  Natural  History,  etc."  (illustrated  with 
lantern  slides). 

October  20,  1900— 326th  Meeting, 

The  President  in  the  chair  and  49  persons  present. 
The  following  communications  were  presented: ' 
H.  J.  Webber:  Notes  on  Cotton  Hybrids,  f 
L.  H.  Dewey:  Some  Foreign  Varieties  of  Cotton. 
W.  A.  Orton:  Selection  for  Resistance  to  the  Wilt  Disease  of 
Cotton.;]; 

L.  M.  Tolman:  Economic  Uses  of  Cotton  Seed  Oil, 

November  3,  1900— 327th  Meeting. 

The  President  in  the  chair  and  23  persons  present. 

F.  A.   Lucas  described  a  specimen  of  Buffalo  Fish  recently 

*Sclence,  n.  s.,  ii:  930-935.     .Tune  15,  1900. 

f  New  England  Cotton  Manufacturers'  Association  Report,  1900. 
X2  Bull.  No.  27,  Division  of  Vegetable  Physiology  and  Pathology,  U.'  S. 
Dept.  of  Agr. 


Proceedings.  xix 

received  at  the  National  Museum,  which  had  no  mouth.  The 
fish,  which  had  attained  a  weight  of  over  one  pound,  must  have 
fed  by  means  of  the  gill  openings.  "^ 

W.  H.  Dall  called  attention  to  the  discovery  by  T.  Wayland 
Vaughaii  of  a  fossil  coral  reef  in  Uecatur  County,  Georgia.* 

The  following  communications  were  presented: 

L.  O.  Howard:   Insects  Affecting  Cotton. 

Henry  James:   Recent  Progress  in  Forestry. 

M.  W.  Lyon:  Notes  on  Venezuelan  Zoology. 

F.  A.  Lucas:  The  Deposit  of  Mastodon  Bones  at  Kimms- 
wick,  Missouri. 

November  17,   1900— 328th  Meeting. 

The  President  in  the  chair  and  5V  persons  present. 

W.  H.  Dall  spoke  of  a  specimen  of  Chiton  recently  collected 
by  Mr.  Hemphill  near  San  Diego,  California,  which  had  only 
six  valves  instead  of  the  normal  number  eight. 

M.  B.  Waite  exhibited  an  abnormal  apple  showing  a  combina- 
tion of  three  more  or  less  perfect  fruits.  The  specimens  came 
from  an  orchard  near  Los  Angeles,  California,  and  the  collector 
stated  that  such  abnormal  fruits  were  of  common  occurrence,  f 

The  following  communications  were  presented: 

C.  W.  Stiles:  The  Structure  and  Life  History  of  the  Para- 
sites of  Malaria. 

L.  O.  Howard:  The  Malaria  Mosquitoes;  Their  Biology; 
What  has  been  done  and  What  may  be  done  to  Exterminate 
Them  (illustrated  with  lantern  slides).  J 

December  1,  1900— 329th  Meeting. 

Vice-president  Lucas  in  the  chair  and  26  persons  present. 
The  following  communications  were  presented: 
L.  Stejneger:  On  Post-Pliocene  Migration  of  Siberian  Ani- 
mals into  Europe. 

Erwin  F.  Smith:  Sugar  Beets  in  New  York  and  Michigan. 

*Science  n.  s.,  ii:  873.     December  7,  1900. 

•j-Will  be  published  in  Rural  New  Yorker. 

|Bull.  No.  25,  New  Series,  Division  of  Entomology,  U.  S.  Dept.  of  Agr. 


XX  The  Bwlogical  Society  of  Washington. 

December  15,  1900— 330th  Meeting. 

The  President  in  the  chair  and  25  persons  present. 

F.  A.  Lucas  exhibited  a  skeleton  of  the  gar-pike  where  a 
fracture  in  the  skull  had  caused  a  marked  deflection  but  which 
had  not  resulted  in  death,  as  shown  by  the  callus  connecting 
the  broken  bones. 

The  following  communications  were  presented: 

C.  W.  Stiles:  Some  Tropical  Parasites  that  may  be  Introduced 
by  our  Returning  Troops. 

E.  W.  Nelson:  The  Caribbean  Seal. 

December  29,  1900—3318!  Meeting. 

(twenty-first  annual  meeting.) 

Vice-president  Lucas  in  the  chair  and  19  persons  present. 

The  annual  reports  of  the  Recording  Secretary  and  Treasurer 
for  the  year  1900  were  presented  and  the  following  oflicers 
elected  for  the  ensuing  year: 

President:  F.  A.  Lucas. 

Vice-presidents:  B.  W.  Evermann,  Wm.  H.  Ashmead,  C.  W. 
Stiles,  F.   H.  Knowlton. 

Recording  Secretary:  W.  H.  Osgood. 

Corresponding  Secretary:  T.  W.  Stanton. 

Treasurer:  David  White. 

Members  of  the  Council:  A.  F.  Woods,  C.  L.  Pollard,  T.  S. 
Palmer,  M.  B.  Waite,  IL  J.  Webber. 

The  following  standing  committees  were  appointed  by  the 
President-elect: 

On  Communications:  B.  W.  Evermann,  V.  K.  Chesnut,  W. 
H.  Osgood,  A.  F.  Woods, 

On  Publications:  C.  L.  Pollard,  T.  S.  Palmer,   David  White. 


Vol.  XIII,  pp.  1-8  January  31,  1899 

PROCEEDINGS 

OF    THE 

BIOLOGICAL  SOCIETY  OF  WASHINGTON 


NOTES  ON  THE  NAKED-TAILED  ARMADILLOS  * 
BY  GERRIT  S.  MILLER,  Jr. 


The  following  notes  on  the  naked-tailed  armadillos  are  the 
result  of  an  attempt  to  name  some  specimens  belonging  to  the 
United  States  National  Museum,  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sci- 
ences of  Philadelphia,  the  American  Museum  of  Natural  His- 
tory, and  Mr.  Outram  Bangs.  The  subject  naturally  divides 
itself  into  four  sections  :  1,  History  of  the  generic  and  subgeneric 
names ;  2,  The  genus  Tatoua  and  its  subgenera ;  3,  The  naked- 
tailed  armadillo  of  Central  America,  and  4,  Comparison  of  three 
small  species  of  Tatoua. 

1.  History  of  the  Generic  and  Subgeneric  Names. 

Wagler,  in  1830,  was  the  first  author  to  recognize  the  naked-tailed  ar- 
madillos as  a  distinct  genus.  He  called  the  grouj)  Xenurus,  unaware  that, 
four  years  earlier,  this  name  had  been  used  by  Boie  in  Ornithology.  The 
large  species  then  recently  described  as  Dasypus  gymnurus  by  Wied,  but 
previously  named  Dasypus  unicinctus  by  Linnaeus,  served  as  the  type  of 
his  new  genus. 

Gray,  in  1865  and  1869,  divided  Wagler' s  genus  into  two  subgenera, 
the  first  containing  the  large  species  known  to  Wagler,  the  second  the 
small  Dasyints  ]ns]ndus  described  by  Burmeister  in  1854.  To  the  second, 
which  he  expressly  states  that  he  had  never  seen,  he  transferred  the  name 
Xenurus  in  a  restricted  sense,  while  to  the  first  he  applied  a  new  name, 
Tatoua.  Tatoua,  thus  exactly  equivalent  to  Wagler' s  Xeniirus,  is  there- 
fore the  first  tenable  generic  name  for  the  naked-tailed  armadillos. 

In  1873  Gray  again  applied  the  name  Xenurus  to  the  large  species,  mak- 


*  Published  by  permission  of  the  Secretary  of  tlie  Smithsonian  Institution. 
I— Biol.  See.  Wash.,  Vol.  XIII,  1899  (1) 


2  Miller — Notes  on  the  Naked-tailed  Armadillos. 

ing  no  reference  to  his  previous  subdivisions,  and  describing  the  small 
hispidng  as  a  new  species,  'A',  latirostrls.'  Another  small  armadillo,  which 
he  regarded  as  the  representative  of  a  new  genus,  he  described  under  the 
name  Ziphila  lugnbris. 

Not  until  1891  was  the  fact  recognized  that  the  name  Xenurus  is  unten- 
able for  a  mammal.  Then  Ameghino  pointed  out  the  long-standing  error, 
but  overlooking  Gray's  Tatoiia,  proposed  as  a  substitute  for  Xamrus  the 
new  name  Lysiurus. 

In  this  course  Ameghino  has  recently  been  followed  by  Trouessart, 
who  refers  the  naked-tailed  armadillos  as  a  whole  to  Lysiurus,  and  places 
under  it  as  a  subgenus  Gray's  Ziphila,  notwithstanding  that  the  latter 
was  named  eighteen  years  earlier. 

The  little  known  Ziphila  lugubris  has  been  a  source  of  continual  uncer- 
tainty, though  since  Gray,  most  writers,  Trouessart  excepted,  have  agreed 
in  regarding  it  as  very  doubtfully  distinct  fi'om  'Xenurus'  liispidus,  an 
animal  much  better  represented  in  collections.  It  is,  however,  in  no  way 
closely  related  to  Tatoua  hispida,  but  a  distinct  species,  the  i-epresentative 
of  a  well-marked  subgenus,  for  which,  of  course,  the  name  Ziphila  is 
available. 

2.  The  Genus  Tatoua  and  Its  Subgenera. 

Genus  TATOUA  Gray. 

1830.  Xenurus  Wagler,  Natiirl.  Syst.  der  Am])hibien,  mit  vorang.  Classif. 
der  Siiugeth.  und  Vogel,  p.  36.  Type  Dasypiis  gyninurus  Wied=: 
D.  unicindus  Linnaeus.     (Not  Xenurus  Boie,  1826.) 

1865.  Xenwiis  Gray,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  l^ondon,  p.  377. 

1865.  Tatoua  Gray,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  London,  p.  378. 

1869.  Xenurus  Gray,  Catal.  Carnivorous,  Pachydermatous  and  Edentate 
Mammalia  in  the  British  Museum,  p.  383. 

1869.  Tatoua  Gray,  Catal.  Carnivorous,  Pachydermatous  and  Edentate 
Mammalia  in  the  British  Museum,  p.  384.  Type  Dasypus  unicinc- 
tus  Linnjeus. 

1873.  Xenurus  Gray,  Hand-List  of  the  Edentate,  Thick-Skinned  and  Ru- 
minant Mammals  in  the  British  Museum,  p.  21. 

1891.  Lysiurus  Ameghino,  Revista  Argentina  de  Hist.  Natural,  I,  p.  254. 
Type  Dasypus  unicinctus  Linnaeus. 

1898.  Lysiurus  Trouessart,  Catal.  Mamm.  tarn  vivent.  quam  foss.,  p. 
1146. 

Type  species. — Tatoua  unicinda  (Linnaeus). 

8—8  9 9 

Charaders. — Teeth  035  =  32  to  aiTq  =  36,  subcylindrical  in  form,  the 

last  about  opposite  middle  of  zygomatic  arch  and  some  distance  in  ad- 
vance of  posterior  border  of  palate  ;  tail  long,  covered  with  minute,  thin 
widely  spaced  plates  ;  claws  on  front  feet  very  greatly  developed. 


Notes  on  the  Naked-tailed  Armadillos.  3 

Snl)^enus  TATOUA  Gray. 

1865.    Tatoua  Gray,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  London,  p.  378. 

1869.  Tatoua  Gray,  Catal.  Carnivorous,  Pachydermatous  and  Edentate 
Mammalia  in  the  British  INIuseum,  p.  384. 

1873.  Xenurus  Gray,  Hand-List  of  the  Edentate,  Thick-Skinned  and  Ru- 
minant Mammals  in  the  British  Museum,  p.  21. 

1898.  Lysiurus  Trouessart,  Catal.  Mamm.  tarn  vivent.  quam  foss.,  p 
1146. 

Tyjje  fpecies.  —  Tatoua  unicwcta  (Linnfeus). 

Subgeneric  characters.— Crown  armor  consisting  of  50  to  60  small, 
roundish,  irregularly  arranged  plates;  ears  rounded,  funnel-formed, 
densely  coated  with  minute  scales  on  outer  side ;  cheeks  covered  with 
thin  plates  arranged  in  distinct  rows. 

Subgenus  ZIPHILA  Gray. 

1873.  ZiphUa  Gi-ay,  Hand-List  of  the  Edentate,  Thick-Skinned  and  Rumi- 
nant Mammals  in  the  British  Museum,  p.  22.  Type  Z.  lugubris 
Gray. 

1898.  Ziphila  Tronessart,  Catal.  Mamm.     tarn  vivent.  quam  foss.,  p.  1148. 

T'ype  species. — Tatoim  lugubris  (Gray). 

Subgeneric  characters. — Crown  armor  consisting  of  30  to  40  symmetrically 
arranged,  mostly  pentagonal  or  hexagonal  plates  ;  ears  pointed,  not  funnel- 
formed,  the  outer  side  bare  except  along  margin  ;  cheeks  with  a  few 
widely  spaced,  irregularly  scattered  scales. 

3.  The  Naked-tailed  Armadillo  of  Central  America. 

Dr.  A.  von  Frantzius  published  the  first  record  of  the  occurrence  of  a 
naked-tailed  armadillo  in  Central  A  merica  in  1869.  He  was  uncertain  as  to 
the  identification  of  the  animal — the  '  armadillo  de  zopilote '  of  the  Costa 
Ricans,  so  called  on  account  of  the  disagreeable  buzzard-like  odor  of  its 
flesh— as  he  saw  only  a  living  individual  and  a  skull.  Both,  however, 
indicated  an  animal  smaller  than  the  Dasypns  gymvurus  of  llliger  (=D. 
unicinctus  Linneeus),  to  which  he  with  hesitation  referred  the  species. 
Doubt  was  cast  on  this  record  by  Alston  in  1880,  who  found  no  naked- 
tailed  armadillos  among  the  collections  that  served  for  the  elaboration  of 
the  mammals  of  the  Biologia  Centrali-Americana. 

In  1895  ^Ir.  Frederick  W.  True  recorded  a  small  Tatoua  from  Chameli- 
con,  Honduras,  the  first  positively  known  to  have  been  taken  in  Central 
America.  In  the  absence  of  material  for  comparison,  he  regarded  the 
animal  as  "  presumably  the  X\_eimrus'\  hispldus  of  Burmeister." 

Two  years  later  Mr.  A.  Alfaro  and  Dr.  J.  A.  Allen  confirmed  Dr.  von 
Frantzius'  Costa  Rican  observations  by  recording  the  capture  of  a  speci- 
men at  Suerre,  Costa  Rica.  This  animal  is  referred  to  '  Xeuurus  gym- 
nnrns'  (=  Tatoua  unicincia)  without  comments  on  the  doubts  expressed 
by  Dr.  von  Frantzius,  or  on  INIr.  True's  identification  of  the  Honduras 
specimen. 


4  Miller — Notes  on  the  Naked-tailed  Armadillos. 

So  far  as  I  know,  this  completes  the  published  history  of  the  naked- 
tailed  armadillo  in  Central  America.  I  may  add,  however,  that  Mr.  Jos6 
C.  Zeledon  lias  recently  informed  me  that  the  armadillo  de  zopilote  is  well 
known  in  Costa  Rica,  where  the  worthlessness  of  its  flesh  for  food  is  every- 
where recognized. 

I  have  recenth^  compared  the  two  Central  American  specimens  with 
one  from  Santa  Marta,  Colombia,  and  two  from  Matto  Grosso,  Brazil. 
The  latter  prove  to  be  representatives  of  the  subgenus  Tatoua,  while  all 
of  the  others  are  referable  to  ZIpliila.  The  Costa  Rican  and  Honduras 
specimens  are  precisely  alike  in  all  important  characters,  but  they  differ 
in  many  details  from  the  Colombian  animal,  which  in  all  probability  is 
the  same  as  Gray's  Ziphila  luguhris.  While  the  fact  that  Gray's  type  came 
from  Brazil  throws  some  doubt  on  this  determination  of  the  specimen 
from  Colombia,  it  does  not  lessen  the  piobal^ility  that  the  Central  Ameri- 
can Ziphila  is  distinct  from  the  one  hitherto  described.  The  Central 
American  animal  may  stand  as  : 

Tatoua  (Ziphila)  centralis  sp.  nov. 


1897. 


1897 


1869.  Dai^j/pus  gymnurus  Frantzius, 
AViegmann's   Archiv   fi'ir 
Naturgeschichte,  XXXV, 
Bd.  I,  p.  .'509  (not  Basypiis 
gijmratnis  Illiger,  1815). 
1 89.").   Xenuni.'i  h ispidus  True,  Pi'oc. 
U.  S.  National  Museum, 
XVIII,  p.  4:55  (not  Dasy- 
piis  liifipidiis   Burmeister, 
1854). 
Xenurus    gipinnu'Hs    Alfaro, 
Mammiferos    de    Costa 
Rica,  p.  46. 
Xoiurus    gymmiriis     Allen, 
Bull.  Am.  Mus.Nat.  Hist., 
IX,  p.  43. 
Type,  adult  9  (skin  and  skull). 
No.  iUU,  United  States  National 
jNIuseum,  collected  at  Chamelicon, 
Honduras,   January   8,    1891,  by 
Erich  Wittkiigel. 

Genercd  characters. — Smaller  than 
Tatoua  {Ziphila)  lugubris  (Gray)  ; 
cheeks  with  fewer  scales ;  plates 
in  central  rings  of  carapace  more 
numerous  (29-31,  instead  of  27)  ; 
occipital  region  of  skull  much  less  elevated  ;  zygomata  when  viewed  from 
above  nearly  parallel  with  each  other  and  with  main  axis  of  skull; 
hauiular  i)rocesses  of  ptrygoids  neither  thickened  nor  bent  inward  at  tips. 


Fiii.  1. — Heail  from  side:  upper  figure, 
Tatonn  {Tatoua)  hi.spiila ;  lower  figiu'o,  T. 
(Ziphila)  centralis  (type).     %  nat.  size. 


Notes  oil  the  Naked-tailed  Armadillos. 


4.  Comparison  of  TriiiEE  Small  Species  of  Tatoua. 


Tatoua  (Tatoua)  hispida  (Burmeister). 

1854.  Dasypus  hispidtis  Burmeister,  Syst.  Uebers.  der  Thiere  Brasiliens, 
1st  Theil  (Mammalia),  p.  287  (Lao;oa  Santa,  Brazil). 

1873.  XenwHs  lath-ostiis  Gray,  Hand-List  of  tlie  Edentate,  Tliick-Skinned, 
and  Ruminant  Animals  in  the  British  Museum,  p.  22  (St.  Cath- 
erines, Brazil). 

Crown  shields  about  55  (50-00),  very  irregular  both  in  form  and  arrange- 
ment, their  sides  and 
angles  rounded,  none 
regularly  pentagonal  or 
hexagonal,  those  at  front 
of  .shield  gradually  di- 
minishing in  size  and 
distinctness.  Cheeks 
covered  with  thin  scales, 
closely  set  in  distinct 
rows.  Ears  rounded 
above,  the  lower  lobe 
greatly  developed,  the 
resulting  form  of  the 
conch  roughly  funnel- 
shaped,  with  a  distinct 
notch  in  the  periphery 
in  front  below,  and  an- 
other behind  above.  A 
long,  low  ridge  on  inner 
side  of  conch  above  and 
in  front  of  meatus.  In- 
ternal surface  of  ear 
naked.  External  surface 
densely  coated  with 
roundish  scales  about  1 
mm.  in  diameter. 

Rough  peripherj'^  of 
plates  of  body  armature 
very  conspicuous,  the 
smoother  central  por- 
tion genei'ally  irregular 
and  much  pitted.  Scapular  shield  consisting  of  seven  or  eight  rows,  the 
longest  of  which  contains  about  28  plates.  On  neck  in  front  of  scapular 
shield  are  three  rows  (the  longest  containing  about  8  plates)  of  rectan- 
gular, closely  appressed  plates,  the  anterior  rows  regularly  imbricating 
over  the  posterior.  Dorsal  rings  9,  the  longest  containing  25  plates. 
Pelvic  shield  containing  9  rows,  the  longest  with  about  25  plates;  the 


Fie.   2. -Head    from    above:    upper    figure,    Tatoua 
{Tatoua)  hispida;     lower  figure,    T.  (Ziphila)   centralis 


6  3filler — Notes  on  the  Naked-tailed  Armadillos. 

furrows  between  the  plates  wide  and  irregular.  The  majority  of  the  plates 
of  the  dorsal  armature  are  provided  with  from  one  to  four  conspicuous, 
grayish,  bristle-like  hairs,  which  spring  from  the  posterior  borders  and 
mostly  fi-om  the  corners  of  the  plates ;  when  from  the  posterior  edge, 
away  from  the  corners,  each  hair  stands  in  a  distinct  excavation  or  scallop. 
These  bristles  are  most  conspicuous  on  the  sides  of  the  body,  where  they 
are  often  15  mm.  in  length. 

Tail  about  one-half  as  long  as  body  armature,  the  scales  arrangeil  in 
about  10  rows  ;  longest  scales  (near  base  of  tail)  oval,  about  4  mm.  long 
and  half  as  broad ;  most  of  the  scales  on  dorsal  surface  of  tail  with  1-3 
short  bristles  springing  from  posterior  edge. 

Skin  of  belly  with  transverse  rows  of  well-developed  scales,  the  rows 
about  7  mm.  apart ;  each  scale  with  a  tuft  of  4-6  appressed  bristles  spring- 
ing from  its  posterior  edge,  the  scales  themselves  averaging  about  2  mm. 
by  o  mm.  in  size.  Outer  side  of  feet  and  legs  covered  with  large  scales 
(the  largest  7  mm.  by  9  mm.),  from  the  posterior  edges  of  which  spring 
conspicuous  tufts  of  bristles. 

Skull  triangular  in  profile,  the  facial  line  little  broken  by  supraorbital 
swellings  or  postorbital  depression.  Zygomata  greatly  expanded  and 
thickened  at  middle. 

Tatoua  (Ziphila)  lugubris  (Gray). 

1873.  Zipliila  lugubris  Gray,  Hand-List  of  the  Edentate,  Thick-Skinned, 
and  Ruminant  Mammals  in  the  British  Museum,  p.  23  (St.  Cath- 
erines, Brazil). 

Crown  shields  about  33  (30-35),  regular  in  form  and  bilaterally  symmet- 
rical in  arrangement,  their  angles  distinct  and  sides  (usually  5  or  6) 
straight,  those  at  front  of  shield  large  and  equal  to  the  others  in  deflnite- 
ness  of  form.  Each  cheek  with  about  20  small,  irregularly  scattered  scales. 
Ears  pointed  above,  the  lower  lobe  very  slightly  developed,  the  resulting 
form  of  conch  not  at  all  funnel-shaped.  A  short  high  ridge  on  inner 
side  of  conch  above  and  in  front  of  meatus.  Internal  surface  of  ear 
naked.  p]xternal  surface  of  ear  naked  except  for  a  row  of  scales,  each 
about  1  mm.  in  diameter,  along  entire  external  border  of  conch,  and  a 
secondary  row  7  mm.  in  length  extending  downward  from  slightly  de- 
veloped notch  between  upper  and  lower  lobes. 

Rough  i>eriphery  of  plates  of  body  armature  inconspicuous,  the  smooth 
central  portion  generally  Hat  and  polished.     Scapular  shield  consisting  of 

7  or  8  rows,  the  longest  of  which  contains  about  28  plates.  On  neck  in 
front  of  scapular  shield  are  two  or  three  rows  (the  longest  containing 
about  S  plates)  of  irregularly  lenticular,  widely  spaced  plates,  the  rows 
not  imbricating.  Dorsal  rings  10,  the  longest  consisting  of  2(5-27  plates. 
Pelvic  shield  containing  10  rows,  the  longest  with  about  25  plates;  the 
furrows  between  the  plates  narrow  and  regular  in  outline.  The  majority 
of  the  j)lates  of  the  dorsal  armature  are  jirovided  with  one  or  two  small, 
very  inconspicuous  bristles  growing  from  the  extremities  of  the  posterior 


Notes  on  the  Naked-tailed  Armadillos.  7 

borders.  These  bristles,  the  longest  of  which  are  less  than  10  nun.  in 
length,  are  more  readily  detected  by  touch  than  by  sight. 

Tail  considerably  more  than  half  as  long  as  body  armature,  the  scales 
arranged  in  about  14  rows;  longest  scales  (near  base  of  tail)  roundish, 
about  3  mm.  in  diameter;  most  of  the  scales  on  dorsal  surface,  with  one 
(never  more)  bristle  springing  from  posterior  edge. 

Skin  of  belly  with  transverse  rows  of  poorly  developed  scales,  the  rows 
about  7  mm.  apart;  each  scale  with  a  tuft  of  3-5  appressed  bristles;  the 
largest  of  the  scales  slightly  smaller  and  less  definite  in  form  than  those 
of  T.  hispidu,  the  smaller  reduced  to  mere  elevations  in  the  skin,  sur- 
mounted by  the  tuft  of  bristles.  Outer  side  of  feet  and  legs  covered  with 
scales,  the  largest  of  which  are  not  more  than  5  mm.  by  7  mm.  in  diam- 
eter. 

Skull  triangular  in  profile,  the  facial  line  distinctly  broken  by  the 
prominent  supraorbital  swellings.  Rostrum  noticeably  more  slender  than 
in  T.  Jiispida  ;  zygomata  much  more  lightly  built  than  in  T.  luspida,  bent 
outward  so  as  form  almost  an  angle  at  middle.  Palate  behind  tooth  row 
narrower  than  in  T.  hlspida  and  abruptly  raised  to  a  slightly  higher  plane. 
Hamulars  thickened  and  strongly  bent  inward  at  tips. 

Tatoua  (Ziphila)  centralis  Miller. 

1899.   Tatoua   {Ziphila)    centralis  Miller,  Proc.    Biol.    Soc.   Washington, 
XIII,  p.  4. 

Crown  shields  about  38  (37-39),  otherwise  as  in  T.  luguhris.  Each  cheek 
with  less  than  a  dozen  small,  irregularly  scattered  scales.  Ears  as  in  T. 
luguhris,  except  that  scales  along  border  of  conch  are  less  conspicuous 
and  secondary  row  on  back  of  ear  is  lacking. 

General  character  of  plates  of  body  armature  as  in  Z.  luguhris.  Scapular 
shield  consisting  of  seven  or  eight  rows,  the  longest  of  which  contains 
about  28  plates.  Neck  shields  as  in  1\  luguhris.  Dorsal  rings  10,  the 
longest  containing  29-31  plates.  Pelvic  shield  as  in  2\  luguhris.  Bristles, 
tail,  and  scales  on  belly  and  legs  as  in  2'.  luguhris. 

Skull  slightly  larger  than  in  T.  luguhris;  rostrum  distinctly  longer. 
Hamulars  neither  thickened  nor  bent  inward  at  tip.  Zygomata  much 
less  strongly  bent  outward  than  in  T.  luguhris,  so  that,  when  view^ed  from 
above,  they  are  nearly  parallel. 


8 


Miller — Notes  on  the  Naked-tailed  Armadillos. 


Cranial  Measurements  of  Three  Species  of  Tatoua. 


Greatest  lenistth 

Basal  length 

Basilar  length 

Occipital  depth 

Depth  of  rostrum  at  tip  of  premaxil 

laries 

Mastoid  breadth 

Zygomatic  breadth , 

Interorbital  constriction , 

Rostral  constriction , 

Length  of  nasals , 

Paicitallength.. 

Mandible 

Upper  tooth  row .' , 

Lower  tooth  row . . . . 


* 

* 

H— 

++ 

« 

e 

.»   ci 

.«  rt 

'^_; 

'«_: 

i^  2 

.1^ 

Si,  N 

2^    /^ 

^W 

~-pq 

~'o 

^^ 

..Q 

..w 

Oi 

tri 

tM 

tx 

83 

75 

73 

so 

75 

69 

67 

73 

68 

62 

61 

65 

29 

26 

27 

29 

n.6 

11 

9 

9.4 

30 

36 

35 

38 

46 

42 

38.6 

41 

27 

25 

24.4 

24 

19 

17 

16.4 

17 

29 

23 

27 

47 

44 

44 

47 

30 

26 

28 

28.4 

63 

58 

58 

62 

27.4 

24 

24 

25 

Philaut,:;:' 


*  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences 

t  Bangs  collection. 

J  Type,  U.  8.  National  Museum. 

?  American  Museum  of  Natural  History 


na. 


C05 

IS 


:0 


78 
72 
64 

28 

9.4 
37 
39 
26 
18 
28 
47 
29 
60 
26.4 


Vol.  XIII,  pp.  9-10  January  31 ,  1899 

PROCEEDINGS 


OF   THE 


BIOLOGICAL  SOCIETY  OF  WASHINGTON 


A  NEW  PIGMY  ORYZOMYS  FROM  THE  SANTA  MARTA 
REGION  OF  COLOMBIA. 

BY  OUTRAM  BANGS. 


j\rr.  \\.  W.  Brown  Jr.'s  collection  from  Santa  Marta,  Colombia, 
contains  series  of  two  species  of  iiigmy  Oryzomys.  I  have  sent 
s))ecimens  of  both  species  to  Mr.  Oldfield  Thomas,  who  has, 
with  great  kindness,  compared  them  with  the  material  in  the 
British  JNIuseum.  One  species  is  0.  <lry<is  humilior  Thomas, 
oi'iginalLy  described  iVom  Bogota.  The  other,  although  near  0. 
falvescens  Allen  and  Chapman,  from  Jalaj)a,  Mexico,  proves  to 
be  new.  Of  0.  dryns  humilior  Mr  Brown  took  twelve  specimens, 
all  at  Macotama  (alt.,  8000  ft.).  Of  the  new  form  he  took  ten 
specimens  at  Palomina  (5000  ft.),  Pueblo  Viejo  (8000  ft.),  and 
San  Miguel  (7500  ft.). 

The  two  forms  are  very  different ;  0.  dryas  humilior,  the  larger, 
may  always  be  known  by  its  darker  colors  and  rich  fulvous 
under  parts.  'I'he  new  form  mn}'  be  known  from  the  following 
description : 

Oryzomys  navus*  sp.  nov. 

Type  from'  Pueblo  Viejo,  Sierra  Nevada  de  Santa  Marta,  Colombia. 
No.  8107,  d"  adult,  coll.  of  E.  A.  and  O.  Bangs.  Collected  March  26, 1898, 
by  W.  W.  Brown,  Jr.     Altitude,  8000  feet. 

General  characiers. — Apparently  nearest  0.  fulvescens  Allen  and  Chap- 
man from  Jalapa,  ]\Iexico,  differing  in  longer  tail,  smaller  ears,  paler, 
more  yellowish  coloration  and  purer  white  under  parts.  Skull  not  show- 
ing any  marked  differences  from  skulls  of  other  members  of  this  group, 

*  Navus,  diligent,  active. 

2— Bioi,.  Soc.  Wash.,  Vol..  XI ri,  1899  (9) 


10        Bangs — A  New  Pigmy  Onjzomys  from  Colomhia. 

although  slightly  diflerent  from  that  of  the  0.  dryas  group  (see  Thomas, 
Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  7th  ser.,  II,  1898,  p.  267). 

Color. — Upper  parts  tawny  ochraceous,  lined  with  hrownish  black- 
tipijed  hairs,  Avhich  are  most  numerous  on  top  of  head  and  on  middle  of 
back,  but  more  scattering  on  rump  ;  lower  sides  and  upper  surface  of  arms 
and  legs  paler  and  more  mixed  with  buflfy  ;  under  parts  white,  the  hairs 
pale  gray  at  base  on  center  of  belly  only,  while  on  throat,  neck,  and  under 
surface  of  legs  they  are  white  to  the  base;  ears  dark  brown;  feet  and 
hands  whitish ;  tail  very  long,  nearly  naked,  dusky  above,  dull  grayish 
white  below. 

Measurements. — The  type,  i^  adult,  total  length,  193;  tail  vertebrae,  115 ; 
hind  foot  (with  claw),  20;  ear  from  notch,  14.  The  two  largest  indi- 
viduals from  San  Miguel  measure — No.  8223,  (^  adult,  total  length,  200; 
tail  vertebrae,  115;  hind  foot  (with  claw),  22;  ear  from  notch,  13;  and 
No.  8225,  ?  adult,  total  length,  200 ;  tail  vertebra?,  115 ;  hind  foot  (with 
claw),  22;  ear  from  notch,  13. 

Skull,  the  type,  cJ*  adult,  basal  length,  17.6;  zygomatic  width,  11.6; 
mastoid  width,  9.2;  interorbital  width,  3.8;  length  of  nasals,  7;  length 
of  upper  molar  series,  3.2;  length  of  mandible,  11.2. 

Remarks. — There  is  a  slight  individual  variation  in  color  among  the  ten 
specimens  of  0.  naims,  due  principally  to  the  greater  or  less  number  of 
black-tipped  hairs  scattered  along  the  back  and  head — some  specimens 
being  more  nearlj^  clear  tawny  ochraceous  than  the  type. 

The  species  of  pigmy  Oryzomys  form  a  compact  group  of  closely  related 
forms,  many  of  which  may  prove  only  subspecifically  distinct  from  one 
anotlier,  but  until  their  relationships  are  better  understood  it  seems  well 
to  give  the  new  form  full  sj)ecific  rank. 


Vol.  XIII,  pp.  11-12  January  31 ,  1899 

PROCEEDINGS 

OF   THE 

BIOLOGICAL  SOCIETY  OF  WASHINGTON 


DESCRIPTION  OF  A  NEW  VOLE   FROM   EASTERN 

SIBERIA* 

BY  GERRIT  S.  MILLER,  Jr. 


A  small  Microim  taken  at  Plover  Bay,  East  Siberia,  has  re- 
mained unidentified  in  the  United  States  National  Museum  for 
more  than  thirty  years.  It  differs  from  any  of  the  Asiatic  species 
of  which  I  can  find  descriptions,  and  may  be  known  as  : 

Microtus  tshuktshorum  sp.  nov. 

Type,  9  adult  (in  alcohol),  No.  -irij^,  United  States  National  Museum, 
collected  at  Plover  Bay,  East  Siberia,  by  Lt.  Dawson  (received  in  1866). 

General  cJtaraders. — IMost  like  Microtus  Irimtscliatims  (PolyakofF),  from 
Petropaulski,  Kamchatka,  but  smaller ;  skull  with  shorter  nasals,  less 
perforated  palate,  and  much  smaller  angular  process  of  the  mandible  (in 
this  character  resembling  3f.  kadiacensis). 

Ears. — Except  for  their  very  small  size — they  are  much  overtopped  by 
the  surrounding  fur — the  ears  show  no  characters  of  inii^ortance. 

Feet. — The  feet  are  similar  to  those  of  M.  arvalis.  Palms  with  five  tu- 
bercles, all  well  developed.  Soles  with  five  large  tubercles  and  a  rudi- 
mentary sixth. 

Fur  and  color. — The  fur  is  remarkably  soft  and  long,  some  of  the  hairs 
on  the  back  reaching  a  length  of  nearly  20  mm.  After  its  long  immer- 
sion in  alcohol  the  fur  has  probably  lost  all  trace  of  its  original  color.  It 
is  now  dull  chestnut  on  the  back,  soiled  yellowish  white  on  the  belly. 

Skidl. — The  skull  of  Microtus  tsuktshorum  is  small  and  rounded,  little 
ridged  for  muscular  attachment.  In  general  form  it  agrees  closely  with 
that  of  M.  kamfschaticus,  but  the  nasal  bones  are  very  noticeably  shorter 
(5.8  mm.  in  M.  tshuktsJiornm,  as  opposed  to  a  range  of  from  6.8  to  7.8  in 

*  Published  by  permission  of  Secretary  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution, 
t  Tshuktskorum,  Tschuktski,  a  tribe  of  natives  in  eastern  Siberia. 

3— Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  Vol.  XIII,  189'J  (11) 


12  Miller — A  New  Vole  from  Eastern  Siberia. 

seven  skulls  of  M.  kamiscluUicus),  tiiid  the  palate  difters  notably  from  that 
of  any  of  the  specimens  of  M.  kamtschaticus  in  the  small  size  and  insignifi- 
cant number  of  foramina  immediately  in  front  of  the  lateral  bridges.  As 
a  result  the  bridges  are  not  distinguishable.  The  mandible  is  conspicu- 
ously more  slender  than  that  of  M.  kanilscJtalicas,  and  the  articular  and 
angular  processes  are  very  noticeably  weaker.  In  this  respect  M.  tshuk- 
tsliorum  shows  an  approach  to  M.  nrvalis  of  Europe,  and  an  even  closer 
resemblance  to  3T.  kadiacensis. 

Teeth  as  in  M.  kamtschaticns. 

Measurements. — Total  length,  111);  tail  vertebrte  ;  29;  pencil,  8  ;  hind 
foot  (with  claws),  19;  ear  from  meatus,  10;  ear  from  crown,  8.  Skull: 
greatest  length,  23.8;  basal  length,  23;  basilar  length,  21.6;  zygomatic 
breadth,  13;  interorbital  constriction,  4 ;  mastoid  breadth,  12;  palatal 
length,  12.4  ;  diastema,  7.8  ;  nasals,  5.8  ;  incisive  foramen,  4  ;  mandible, 
14.8;  maxillary  tooth  row  (alveoli),  0.4  ;  mandibular  tooth  row,  6. 


Vol.  XIII,  pp.  13-14  January  31,  1899 

PROCEEDINGS 


BIOLOGICAL  SOCIETY  OF  WASHINGTON 


A  NEW  VOLE  FROM  HALL  ISLAND,  BERING  SEA.* 
BY  GERRIT  S.  MILLER,  Jr. 


A  specimen  of  Microtus  collected  by  Mr.  0.  H.  Townsend  on 
Hall  Island,  Bering  Sea,  represents  a  species  distinct  from  any 
hitherto  described.  It  is  a  rather  large  member  of  the  typical 
group  of  the  subgenus  Microtus,  and  is  more  nearly  related 
to  a  Siberian  species  which  I  suppose  to  be  M.  kamtschaUcus 
(Polyakoff)  than  to  any  of  the  known  Alaskan  members  of  the 
genus  except  M.  kadiacensis.  On  account  of  its  remarkably  short 
tail  it  may  be  called  : 

Microtus  abbreviatus  sp.  nov. 

Type,  9  young  adult  (skin  and  skull),  No.  Mitt)  United  States  National 
Museum,  collected  on  Hall  Island,  Bering  Sea,  September  8,  1885,  by 
C.  H.  Townsend. 

General  cliaraciers. — Size  rather  large  (hind  foot,  23  mm.)  ;  tail  shorter 
than  hind  foot ;  plantar  tubercles,  6  ;  ears  concealed  in  the  fur ;  enamel 
pattern  essentially  as  in  Microtus  arvalis  of  Europe. 

Fur  and  color. — The  fur  is  dense  and  only  moderately  long — about  12 
mm.  in  length  at  middle  of  back — but  the  specimen  was  taken  when  in 
the  midst  of  the  autumnal  molt,  with  the  short  new  hairs  of  the  winter 
coat  appearing  as  a  dense  mat  among  the  roots  of  the  longer  fur.  As  the 
skin  has  been  preserved  in  alcohol  for  an  unknown  period,!  the  original 
color  of  the  animal  cannot  be  determined  with  certaintj'.  In  its  present 
condition  the  dorsal  surface  is  light  yellowish  brown,  duller  on  head, 

*  Published  by  permission  of  Secretary  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution. 

t  Mr.  Tow^nsend  tells  me  that  the  specimen  was  preserved  dry.  It  was 
received  at  the  National  Museum  in  September,  1886,  and  its  subsequent 
history  is  not  known.    It  was  found  in  a  bottle  of  alcohol  in  October,  1898. 

4-Bioi,.  Soc.  Wash.,  Vol.  XIII,  IS'Ji)  (W) 


14  Miller — .4  Neiv  Vole  from  Beving  Sea. 

clearer  on  rump,  paling  on  the  sides  to  the  soiled  buflf  of  the  under  parts, 
which  are  slightly  darker  on  chest.  Tail  bicolor,  brownish  above,  yel- 
lowish white  beneath.     Feet  dirty  whitish. 

Skull  and  teeth. — The  skull  is  imperfect,  lacking  the  occipitals  and  one 
of  the  audital  bnllee.  It  resembles  that  of  M.  kamtschatints  very  closely, 
but  the  rostrum  is  slightly  narrower  anteriorly,  the  mandible  is  less 
heavily  built,  and  the  bony  palate  is  noticeably  different  in  form.  In  the 
palate  of  M.  jMmtschaticus  the  lateral  bridges  are  broad  and  well  developed 
and  the  latei'al  pits  are  deep  and  very  noticeable.  In  M.  abbreriatus  the 
bridges  are  small  and  barely  complete,  while  the  pits  behind  them  are 
shallow  and  inconspicuous.  In  no  one  of  the  seven  specimens  of  M. 
kamiscJtaticus  with  which  I  have  compared  it  is  the  peculiar  palate  of 
M.  abbreviatus  closely  approached. 

Teeth  slightly  smaller  than  in  M.  kamtschaticus,  but  enamel  pattern 
essentially  the  same  in  the  two  species.  31.  abbreviatus,  however,  has  the 
anterior  loop  of  the  front  lower  molar  distinctly  longer  than  in  ilf.  katnt- 
sdiaticus.  In  M.  kumtscJadicus  there  is  usually  a  well  developed  fourth 
outer  salient  angle  on  the  posterior  upper  molar.  This  is  quite  absent  in 
M.  abbreviatus,  but  the  character  is  not  likely  to  prove  constant. 

Measuremevts.* — Total  length,  120;  tail  vertebrae,  19  (pencil,  9);  hind 
foot,  22.5  ;  ear  from  meatus,  9.5  ;  ear  from  crown,  6.  Skull :  greatest 
length,  27;  zygomatic  breadth,  15;  interorbital  constriction,  4;  nasals, 
7.8;  mandible,  17.4;  maxillary  tooth  row  (alveoli),  6.4;  mandibular  tooth 
row  (alveoli),  6.6. 

General  remarks. — Microtus  abbreviatus  is  closely  related  to  both  31. 
kamtschaticus  and  31.  kadiacensis,  though  in  external  aj^pearance  its  short, 
densely  haired  tail  gives  it  a  much  closer  resemblance  to  the  members  of 
the  subgenus  I'Jiaiornys.  In  cranial  and  dental  characters  it  differs  from 
3f.  kadiacensis  much  as  it  does  from  31.  kamtscludicus,  since  these  two  species 
agree  (dosely  in  palate  structure  and  in  the  form  of  the  front  lower  molar. 

*A11  from  skin  in  alcohol. 


Vol.  XIII,  pp.  15-17  January  31,  1899 

PROCEEDINGS 


BIOLOGICAL  SOCIETY  OF  WASHINGTON 


THE  FLORIDA  PUMA. 
BY  OUTRAM  BANGS. 


In  his  book  entitled  '  Hunting  and  Fishing  in  Florida,'  pub- 
lished in  1896,  Mr.  Charles  B.  Cory  gave  a  brief  description  of 
the  Florida  Puma,  and  named  it  Fell s  concolor  fori dana  (pi).  lOd- 
110).  Tliis  name  is  vmtenable,  both  Desmarest*  and  Fischer  f 
having  used  Felts  floridanaX  for  the  Florida  Lynx. 

I  therefore  propose  for  the  Florida  Puma  the  name  : 

Felis  coryi  sp.  nov. 

T'ljpe  from  the  wilderness  back  of  Sebastian,  Florida.  No.  7742,  (^  old 
adult,  coll.  of  E.  A.  and  0.  Bangs.  Collected  Jan.  1,  1898,  by  F.  R. 
Hunter. 

General  characters. — Size  very  large  ;  feet  very  small ;  apparently  no 
seasonal  change  in  color ;  back  ferruginous,  finely  lined  with  blackish  ; 
sides  paler  and  more  fawn  color;  skull  like  that  of  the  North  American 
pumas,  and  not  at  all  like  the  skulls  of  Central  and  South  American 
species.  I 

^Maunnalogie,  1820,  p.  225,  species  No.  350. 

t  Synopsis  Mamm.,  1829,  p.  213. 

XLynx  floridanus  Raf.,  Am.  Monthly  Mag.,  1817,  p.  46.  Based  on  the 
Lynx  or  Wildcat  of  Bartram. 

^  See  description  of  Felis  hi2^polestes  Merrium,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc,  Wash., 
vol.  XI,  July-  15,  1897,  p.  219.  I  have  compared  skulls  of  the  Florida 
Puma  with  that  of  a  fine  adult  $  taken  at  Santa  Marta,  Colombia,  Feb. 
15,  1898,  by  W.  W.  Brown,  Jr.,  which  I  take  to  be  true  Felis  concolor 
Linn.  That  of  F.  concolor  is  very  small,  with  low,  flat  unswollen  frontals  ; 
long,  slender  and  only  slightly  decurved  postorbital  processes ;  differ- 
ently shaped  nasals  ;  much  less  well  developed  sagittal  crest,  falling  much 
farther  back  ;  small  teeth  ;  and  inner  cusp  of  carnassial  not  well  devel- 
oped. Roughly  speaking,  this  skull  resembles  that  of  a  large  ocelot  more 
than  it  does  the  skulls  of  North  American  pumas. 

5— Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  Vol.  XIII,  189a  (15) 


16  Bangs — The  Florida  Puma. 

Color.- — Type,  (j^  old  adult.  Pelage  very  short  and  rather  harsh.  Top 
of  head,  upper  surface  of  neck  and  back,  and  upper  half  of  tail  ferrugi- 
nous, finely  lined  with  blackish  tipped  hairs,  with  little  bunches  of  white 
hairs  scattered  here  and  there;  sides  of  neck  and  body,  an  ill-defined 
patch  above  and  behind  each  shoulder,  a  band  across  under  side  of  neck, 
and  upper  surfaces  of  limbs,  paler  and  more  inclined  toward  fawn  color, 
many  of  the  hairs  with  darker  tips;  under  parts,  including  under  sur- 
faces of  limbs  and  under  side  of  tail,  soiled  whitish,  except  on  middle  of 
body,  where  the  color  is  much  darker  and  more  hair  brown  ;  tail  dusky 
toward  end  and  nearly  black  at  tips ;  ears  black,  grizzled  around  edges  ; 
hairs  between  pads  of  feet  black  ;  face  rather  dark  and  grizzled  with  a 
light  spot  above  each  eye;  patch  at  base  of  whiskers  black;  whiskers 
mostly  white,  but  in  a  few  cases  black. 

Other  specimens,  though  killed  at  different  seasons  of  the  year,  differ 
but  little  froui  the  type.  A  kitten  three-fourths  grow"n  is  similar,  but 
has  the  upper  surface  marked  with  large,  irregular  dusky  spots. 

Cranial  cJuiracters. — Skull  large,  showing  all  the  characters  of  the  North 
American  pumas  pointed  out  by  Dr.  Merriam.  It  is  apparently  narrower 
than  the  skull  of  F.  Mppolesles  Merriam,  with  less  widely  spreading  zygo- 
mata. I  have  compared  it  with  a  skull  of  F.  oregonensis  Eaf  ,*  from  the 
vicinity  of  Tacoma,  Wash. ,  and  find  it  slightly  narrower,  with  less  widely 
spread  zygomata ;  slightly  narrower  palatal  extension;  palate  ending  in 
more  of  a  curve— less  squarely.  These  differences  are  trifling,  however, 
and  may  not  be  constant. 

Measurements. — The  following  measurements  of  the  type  and  an  old  $, 
No.  7743,  killed  at  the  same  time  and  jilace,  were  taken  by  F.  R.  Hunter 
from  the  animals  in  the  flesh.  Type,  cf  old  ad.  :  whole  length,  6  ft.  9  in.; 
fore  leg,  2  ft.  8  in.  ;  hind  leg,  2  ft.  8  in.  ;  girth  of  chest,  2  ft.  7  in. ;  of 
waist,  2  ft.  8  in.  ;  of  neck,  22J  in.  No.  7743,  $  old  ad.  :  whole  length,  6 
ft.  3i  in. ;  fore  leg,  2  ft.  5  in.  ;  hind  leg,  2  ft.  6  in.  ;  girth  of  chest,  2  ft. 
2  in.  ;  of  waist,  2  ft. ;  of  neck,  21^  in. 

Total  length  reduced  to  millimeters  and  the  tails  and  hind  feet  meas- 
ured by  me  froui  the  skins  are  as  follows:  Type,  total  length,  2057.4; 
tail,  without  hairs,  760 ;  hiud  foot,  280.  No.  7743:  total  length,  1917.7  ; 
tail,  without  hairs,  G70  ;  hind  foot,  271.  No.  6992,  very  old  male  topo- 
type,  unmeasured,  is  even  larger  and  has  a  larger  skull. 

,S7i((//. — Type,  basal  length,  171  ;  occipitonasal  length,  194;  zygomatic 
width,  135;  palatal  length  (from  end  of  pteiygoid  process  to  back  of  mid- 
dle incisors),  110.4  ;  postpalatal  length,  91  ;  width  across  postorbital  pro- 
cesses, 75.  ;  interorbital  width,  40.8. 

No.  5489,  old  adult  ?  topotype:  basal  length,  157.4;  occipitonasal 
length,  175;  zygomatic  width,  126;  palatal  length,  102;  postpalatal 
length,  84;  width  across  postorbital  processes,  76.6;  interorbital  width, 
40. 

J{e)>iarlcs. — According  to  all  the  information  I  have  been  able  to  glean, 
the  Florida  Puma  is  now  restricted  to  peninsular  Florida  and  can  no  longer 

*  Stone,  Science,  N.  S.,  Jan.  6, 1899,  pp.  34-35. 


Tlie  Florida  Puma.  17 

intergrade  with  any  other  form,  and  it  is  doubtful  if  it  ever  did*  It 
must,  therefore,  be  given  full  specific  rank. 

Compared  with  true  F .  covcoJor  I.inn.,  F.  coryl  is  a  huge  Puma,  and  is 
indeed  but  little  smaller  than  the  giant  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  F.  hip- 
polestes  Merriam.  Its  long  limbs,  small  feet,  and  rich  ferruginous  color 
are  the  best  characters  by  which  to  distinguish  it  from  other  North  Amer- 
ican pumas.  It  needs  no  comparison  with  the  small  pumas  of  northern 
South  America  or  of  Central  America. 

The  Bangs  collection  now  contains  six  specimens  of  F.  coryl  (skins  and 
skulls  complete),  all  taken  by  F.  R.  Hunter  in  the  same  general  region  of 
Florida,  namely,  the  great  wilderness  back  of  Sebastian,  in  Brevard  and 
Osceola  counties.  Mr.  Hunter  writes  that  three  of  these  pumas,  the  type 
an  old  female  and  the  young  female,  were  all  killed  together  on  New 
Year's  day,  1898. 

*  Mr.  F.  W.  True,  in  his  monograph  on  the  Puma,  under  the  head  of 
Virginia,  says  :  "  Mr.  Hallock  makes  the  very  interesting  statement  that 
the  Puma  is  found  in  the  Dismal  Swamp.  I  find  no  other  reference  to 
its  occurrence  in  the  low  coast  lands  of  the  South  Atlantic  States  except  in 
Florida"  (p.  599). 


Vol.  XIII,  pp.  19-21  January  31,  1899 

PROCEEDINGS 

OF   THE 

BIOLOGICAL  SOCIETY  OF  WASHINGTON 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  SIX  NEW  RODENTS  OF  THE 
GENERA  APLODONTIA  AND  THOMOMYS. 

BY  C.  HART  MERRIAM. 


Specimens  of  Aplodontia  from  a  few  miles  south  of  the  Cas- 
cades of  the  Columbia— apparently  the  type  locality  of  A.  rufa— 
differ  specifically  from  the  small  coast  animal  commonly  mis- 
taken for  r«/a.  Comparison  of  the  typical  form  with  specimens 
from  the  Olympic  Mts.,  the  coast  of  Oregon,  and  Point  Reyes, 
California,  shows  that  several  very  distinct  species  remain  un- 
described.  The  northern  form  of  the  Sierra-Cascade  species 
also  proves  to  be  different  from  typical  A.  major.  All  of  these 
are  here  described,  and  with  them  two  new  Pocket  Gophers 
from  northwestern  Washington. 

Aplodontia  pacifica  sp  nov. 

Type  from  Newport,  mouth  of  Yaquina  Bay,  Oregon.  No.  77372  9  ad. 
U.  S.  Nat.  Miis.,  Biological  Survey  Coll.  Collected  March  20,  1896,  by 
B.  J.  Bretherton.     Original  No.  2219. 

Charaders.— Size  small,  by  far  the  smallest  of  the  known  species;  'ear 
longer  (higher)  than  in  any  of  the  others ;  color  darker  and  richer ; 
white  spot  at  base  of  ear  usually  distinct. 

Color. — Upper  parts  in  winter  pelage  fulvous  brown,  strongly  mixed 
with  black  hairs,  the  fulvous  strongest  on  flanks  and  sides  of  neck,  least 
apparent  on  head  and  rump,  which  jmrts  are  sepia  or  bister,  becoming 
dusky  on  nose;  top  of  head  strongly  mixed  with  black  hairs;  cheeks 
suffused  with  fulvous ;  under  parts  plumbeous,  strongly  washed  with  ful- 
vous ;  legs,  feet  and  tail  grizzled  grayish-dusky. 

Cranial  character.^.— SknU  small,  light,  and  relatively  narrow  ;  zygomata 
less  spreading  than  in  the  other  species;  rostrum  slender;  interorbital 
constriction  rather  broad;  palate  narrow.     Contrasted  with  A.  rufa  the 

6— Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  Vol.  XIII,  189'J  (lit) 


!20  Merriam — Descriptions  of  Six  New  Rodents. 

skull  IS  decidedly  smaller  and  narrower,  the  rostrum  longer  and  much 
more  slender ;  the  zygomata  very  narrow,  not  spreading  or  bowing  out- 
ward as  in  rafa  ;  audital  tubes  very  much  more  slender  and  much  shorter  ; 
frontal  platform  between  orbits  and  rostrum  (seen  from  above)  very 
much  smaller,  narrower,  and  more  rounded  laterally— less  flattened. 

Denial  cha7-aciers.— Small  upper  premolar  very  large,  at  least  twice  as 
large  as  in  rnfci  or  major,  molars  actually  as  large  as— relatively  much 
larger  than — in  rufa. 

Measurements. — Type  specimen:  Total  length  304;  tail  vertebrae  22; 
hind  foot  (in  dry  skin,  moistened)  48. 

Aplodontia  phaea  sp.  nov. 

Type  from  Pt.  Reyes,  Marin  Co.,  California.  No.  ||f|  (^  ad.  Merriam 
Coll.     Collected  August  1,  1886,  by  C.  A.  Allen.     Orig.  No.  142. 

Characters. — Size  small;  coloration  (in  July  and  August  specimens)  re- 
markably uniform  grizzled  bister  brown  without  rufous  or  fulvous;  ears 
much  smaller  (shorter)  than  in  A.  pacifica.. 

Cranial  characters. — Skull  of  medium  size,  larger  than  that  of  pacifica, 
smaller  than  that  of  riifa  ;  zygomata  spreading  but  less  bowed  out  than 
in  rufa,  the  anterior  root  standing  out  squarely  with  a  well  developed 
angle  ;  rostrum  slender ;  nasals  shoi't,  abruptly  narrowed  posteriorly,  and 
ending  considerably  in  front  of  posterior  plane  of  premaxillae ;  interorbital 
region  broad  ;  audital  bulUe  and  tubes  intermediate  in  size  between  those 
of  rufa  and  pacifica,  the  tubes  of  same  length  as  in  pacifica — much  shorter 
than  in  rvfa;  incisive  foramina  small  and  compressed  or  'pinched  in'  ; 
small  upper  premolar  about  as  in  rufa — decidedly  smaller  than  in  pacifica. 

Measurements. — Type  sjiecimen:  Total  length  330;  tail  vertebrae  30; 
hind  foot  (in  dry  skin,  moistened)  55. 

Aplodontia  olympica  sp.  nov. 

Type  from  Queniult  Lake,  Olympic  Mts.,  Washington.  No.  89549  (^ 
yg.-ad.  U.  S.  National  Museum,  Biological  Survey  Coll.  Collected  July 
24,  1.897,  by  R.  T.  Young.     Original  No.  309. 

Characters. — Similar  to  A.  rufa  but  larger  and  darker;  upper  parts  less 
'  reddish  '  or  fulvous  ;  nose  darker  ;  white  spot  at  base  of  ear  absent  or 
poorly  developed. 

Cranial  characters. — The  skull  of  .1.  o/y»!^«ca  differs  from  thatof  ^.  rufa 
in  the  following  characters  :  interoibital  constriction  decidedly  narrower 
(measuring  from  8.5  to  10  mm.  in  8  adults  as  contrasted  with  11  mm.  in 
the  narrowest  of  the  r\ifa  series)  ;  zygomata  standing  out  more  strongly 
anteriorly  with  a  thickened  elbow  at  the  angle;  jugal  not  obliquely  ex- 
panded l)ut  developing  a  post  orbital  ridge  or  process  which  forms  the 
only  upward  projection  from  the  arch — tlie  posterior  projection  in  rufa, 
f(jnned  by  the  thickened  anterior  end  of  tlie  squamosal,  being  absent ; 
aiulital  biillre,  particailarly  the  long  bony  tubes,  much  smaller ;  auditory 
jneatus  much  smaller  and  more  neai'ly  a  complete  circle,  with  notch  on 
upper  side  smaller  and  narrower. 

Measarements. —Ty])Q  sjiecimen :  Total  length  350;  tail  vertebra^  35; 
hind  foot  55. 


Descriptions  of  Six  Nciv  Rodents.  21 

Aplodontia  major  rainieri  snbsp.  iiov. 

Type  from  Paradise  Creek,  south  side  Mt.  Rainier,  Washington  (alt., 
5200  ft.).  No  90144  S"  ad.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mns.,  Biological  Survey  Coll.  Col. 
lected  August  6,  1897,  by  Vernon  Bailey.     Orig.  No.  6122. 

Characters.  — 'f^hwW&.x  to  A.  major  but  paler  and  grayer  throughout,  par- 
ticularly the  underparts  and  region  around  mouth  ;  whiskers  mainly 
white  instead  of  black  ;  audital  tubes  smaller;  incisive  foramina  shorter 
and  slightly  more  open;  basioccipital  notch  shallower;  jugal  narrower 
and  more  slender  throughout. 

Measurevtenis. — Type  specimen  :  Total  length  375 ;  tail  vertebrae  33  ; 
hind  foot  62. 

Thomomys  melanops  sp.  nov. 

Type  from  timberline  at  head  of  Soleduc  River,  Olympic  Mts.,  Washing- 
ton. No.  90630  ?  ad.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Biological  Survey  Coll.  Col- 
lected Aug.  28,  1897,  by  Vernon  Bailey.     Orig.  No.  6219. 

Characters. — Size  small ;  coloration  as  in  T.  mazama — nose,  space  round 
eye  and  large  postauricular  patch  (eml)racing  ear)  slate  black  in  strong 
contrast  to  dull  chestnut  of  upper  parts ;  under  parts  dark  ])lumbeous, 
washed  with  buffy  fulvous ;  feet  and  wrists  white.  T.  douyJasl  from  the 
north  side  of  the  Columbia  River  has  the  entire  head  reddish  chestnut 
concolor  with  the  back,  but  in  cranial  characters  agrees  best  with  the 
present  species. 

Cranial  characters. — Skull  similar  to  that  of  douglasi  but  smaller ;  inter, 
parietal  shorter  posteriorly,  barely  notching  supraoccipital  ;  mastoid 
bullfe  smaller:  basioccipital  less  excavated  by  audital  bullfe;  anterior 
root  of  zygoma  (seen  from  above)  broader  and  more  squarely  truncate, 
infringing  more  on  frontals. 

Measurements. — Type  specimen:  Total  length  206;  tail  vertebrae  63; 
hind  foot  27. 

Thomomys  douglasi  yelmensis  subsp.  nov. 

Type  from  Tenino,  Yelm  Prairie,  Washington.  No.  fif If  (J  ad.  U.  S. 
Nat.  Mus.,  Biological  Survey  Coll.  Collected  Oct.  24,  1891,  by  C.  P. 
Streator.     Orig.  No.  1385. 

Characters. — Similar  to  2\  dovglasi  but  very  nuich  paler;  face  with  the 
dark  markings  of  the  mountain  species. 

Cranial  cliaracters. — Skull  like  that  of  douglasi  but  interparietal  larger; 
frontals  depressed  interorbitally  ;  angle  of  mandible  standing  out  farther 
and  projecting  antei'iorly  so  as  to  form  a  distinct  hook  ;  incisors  broader 
and  thicker. 

3Ieasurernenls. — Type  specimen  :  Total  length  222  ;  tail  vertebrae  68  ; 
hind  foot  32. 


Vol.  XIII,  pp.  23-24  January  31 ,  1899 

PROCEEDINGS 

OF    THE 

BIOLOGICAL  SOCIETY  OF  WASHINGTON 

_  _ 

NOTES  ON  THREE  GENERA  OF  DOLPHINS. 
BY  T.  S.  PALMER. 


In  looking  over  a  list  of  the  genera  of  Cetaceans  recently,  my 
attention  was  called  to  several  names  of  doubtful  validity  which 
are  still  in  common  use.  These  names  are  Aeomeris,  Orca,  and 
Tursio,  now  applied  to  members  of  the  Delphinidpe,  but  which 
are  })reoccupied  in  other  groups. 

Neomeris,  based  on  Delphinusphocsenoides  Cuvier,  from  the  Cape 
of  Good  Hope,  was  described  by  Gray  in  1846,*  but  the  name 
had  been  previously  used  by  Lamouroux  in  1816  for  a  genus  of 
polyps. t  In  1891  both  Blanford  and  Lydekker  mentioned  that 
Neovieris  was  unavailable  for  a  genus  of  mammals,  but  not  con- 
sidering the  group  sufficiently  distinct  did  not  rename  it.  True, 
in  1889,  gave  Neomeris  full  generic  rank  in  his  '  Review  of  the 
Family  Delphinidse '  (pp.  114,  178),  and  this  course  has  been 
followed  by  Trouessart.'l  As  the  group  is  likely  to  be  recog- 
nized either  as  a  genus  or  subgenus,  it.should  receive  a  name, 
and  may  be  called  Neophocxna  from  its  close  relationship  to 
Phocsena,  the  well  known  genus  of  porpoises. 

For  half  a  century  the  killers  have  been  placed  in  the  genus 
Orca  established  by  Gray  in  1846  in  the  same  paper  in  which 
he  named  Neomeris.  A  somewhat  careful  search  has  failed  to 
reveal  any  earlier  use  of  Orca  for  this  group,  but  the  name 

*Zool.  Erebus  &  Terror,  p.  30,  1846. 

t  Hist.  Polypiers  coralligenes  flexibles,  1816. 

fCatalogus  Mammaliuin,  fasc.  V,  p.  1042,  Nov.,  1898. 

7— Bioi,.  Soc.  Wash.,  Vol.  XIII,  1899  (23) 


24  Palmer — Notes  on  Three  Genera  of  Dolphins. 

proves  to  have  been  original!}'  proposed  by  Wagler  in  1830*  to 
include  two  ziphioid  whales,  Delphinus  bidentntus  Hunter  and 
D.  desmarcstii  Risso.  Orca  is  therefore  untenable  for  the  genus 
to  which  it  is  generally  applied,  unless  it  can  be  shown  that  it 
was  so  used  prior  to  1830.  It  becomes  incumbent  on  those 
who  wish  to  preserve  Orca,  to  show  that  it  was  originally  ap- 
l^lied  to  the  killers,  otherwise  the  earliest  available  name  seems 
to  be  Orcinus  of  Fitzinger,t  and  the  common  species  will  stand 
Orcinus  orca  (Linn.)- 

Tursio  is  one  of  the  unfortunate  names  which  have  been 
given  to  several  different  groups.  It  was  applied  by  Gray,  in 
1843,  to  the  group  of  dolphins  of  which  Delphinu?  tursio  is  the 
type,  but  afterwards  when  it  was  discovered  that  Wagler  had 
previously  used  Tursio  for  Delphinus  peronii  Lacepede  of  the 
southern  seas,  it  was  transferred  to  this  group,  while  Gray's 
Tursio  was  renamed  Tursiops  by  Gervais.  Tursio  proves  to  have 
been  used  still  earlier  by  Fleming,  in  1822,  '|  for  a  group  oi 
sperm  whales,  including  T.  vulgaris  and  2\  microps  (=  Physeter 
microps  Linn.).  These  species  are  not  now  recognized,  and  it  is 
doubtful  whether  any  such  species  exist,  but  this  does  not  alter 
the  fact  that  Fleming  applied,  or  intended  to  appl3%  the  name 
to  a  genus  of  Lhyseterida',  therebj^  })recluding  its  use  in  any 
other  group.  Both  Orca  and  Tursio  as  originally  used  are  ap- 
parently synonyms  of  other  genera  and  therefore  drop  out  of 
use.  The  genus  to  which  Tursio  has  been  applied  by  True  and 
other  recent  authors  has  for  its  type  Dolphinus  peronii  and  has 
received  no  less  than  four  distinct  names :  ITtwsio  Wagler,  1830, 
Lissodelphis  Gloger,  1841,  Delphinapterus  Gray,  1846,  and  Leuco- 
rhamphus  Lilljeborg,  1861.  Tursio  and  Delphinapterus  are  both 
preoccupied,  and  Leucorhamphus  is  simply  a  new  name  for 
Delphinapterus.  Lissodel2^Jiis^  seems  to  be  the  first  available 
name  for  the  genus,  and  the  species  therefore  becomes  Lissodel- 
phis peronii  (Lacepede). 

*  Nat.  Syst.  d.  Amphibien,  p.  34,  1830. 

t  Wiss.-Populiire  Natur^esch.  vS;iogethieie,  VI,  pp.  204-217,  1860. 

t  Philosophy  of  Zoology,  II,  p.  211,  1822. 

^Gloger,  Han<l-u.  Ililfsbuch  d.  Naturgeschichte,  p.  169,  1841. 


Vol.  XIII,  pp.  25-31  May  29,  1899 

PROCEEDINGS 


BIOLOGICAL  SOCIETY  OF  WASHINGTON 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  NEW  BIRDS  FROM  NORTHWESTERN 

MEXICO. 

BY  E.  W.  NELSON. 


Tlie  birds  liere  described  were  obtained  during  the  past  few 
months  by  Mr.  E.  A.  Goldman  while  making  collections  in  west- 
ern Mexico  for  the  Bi'ological  Survey  of  the  U.  S.  De})artment  of 
Agriculture.  A  number  of  birds  from  southwestern  Sonora  show 
closer  relationship  to  forms  peculiar  to  tlie  Cape  St.  Lucas  region 
of  Lower  California  than  to  races  of  the  same  species  in  south- 
ern Arizona.  This  is  well  illustrated  by  several  House  Finches 
from  Alan:ios,  Sonora,  whicli  are  scarcely  distinguishable  from 
typical  Carpodacus  mexiainus  ruberrmnis  from  Lower  California. 
This  interesting  relationship  between  the  birds  of  the  mainland 
and  those  of  the  peninsula  is  somewhat  similar  to  that  which 
exists  between  certain  species  found  near  San  Bias,  Tepic,  and 
their  rei)resentatives  on  the  Tres  Marias  Islands. 

In  addition  to  the  birds  named  in  the  present  paper,  several 
others  have  been  described  from  Sonora,  south  of  Guaymas. 
These  are  Mr.  Brewster's  Pdltacnla  cyanopyga  'pallida,  Thryophibis 
sinaloa  cinereus,  and  Pollopt'da  nigriceps  restricla  (Auk,  VI,  i)p. 
85-98,  1889),  and  Callipepla  gambeli  fulvi'pectus  Nelson  (Auk, 
XVI,  pp.  26-27, 1899),  all  from  Alamos.  The  result  of  the  com- 
paratively small  amount  of  work  on  the  birds  of  this  region 
seems  to  indicate  the  existence  there  of  a  minor  faunal  area  of 
comparativel}'  limited  extent. 

I  am  indebted  to  Mr.  Robert  Ridgway,  curator,  and  Dr.  Chas. 
W.  Richmond,  assistant  curator  of  birds,  in  the  National  Mu- 
seum, for  continued  courtesies  during  the  preparation  of  this 
pajjcr. 

8— Hiiir..  Soc.   Wash.,   Vni,.   XIII.   ibiU'.i  (25) 


2()  Nehon — New  Birds  from  Norf J t  western  Mexico. 


Amazona  albifions  saltuensis  siibsp.  nov.     Blue-crowned  Parrot. 

Type  No.  164257,  (^  ad.,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mas.,  Biological  Survey  Collection, 
from  Camoa,  Sonora,  Mexico.  Collected  January  16,  1899,  by  E.  A. 
Goldman. 

DlstrUjulion. — Northern  Sinaloa  and  southwestern  Sonora,  Mexico. 

Huhspedfic  dtaraiiers. — Compared  with  specimens  of  A.  (dhifrons  from 
the  coast  of  Oaxaca  and  Guerrero,  the  birds  from  southwestern  Sonora 
may  be  distinguished  by  the  greater  width  of  blue  area  on  crown,  the 
strong  Avash  of  blue  over  back  and  sides  of  neck,  and  the  lighter  wash 
of  same  over  rest  of  back  and  on  all  of  under  parts;  thus  giving  the 
plumage  a  bluish-green  cast  instead  of  the  oil-green  back  and  apple-green 
under  parts  of  the  presumably  typical  birds  from  farther  south.  No  ap- 
preciable difference  in  size. 

Diinemunis  of  fype.*^Wmg  185;  tail  97;  culmen  25;  tarsus  18. 

Antrostomus  goldmani  sp.  nov.     Goldman's  Whippoorwill. 

Type  No.  164310,  9  ad.,  U.  S.  National  Museum,  Biological  Survey  Col- 
lection, from  vicinity  of  Mazatlan,  Sinaloa,  Mexico.  Collected  April  7, 
1899,  by  E.  A.  Goldman. 

DistrUnUion. — -Known  only  from  the  type  locality. 

SpedHc  characters. — Most  like  Antrostomus  ridyicayi  Ijut  larger  and  paler, 
with  the  bufty  collar  around  back  of  neck  narrower.  Tarsus  feathered 
only  on  upper  third. 

Color. — Top  of  head  and  nape  pale,  brownish  drab-gray,  with  a  narrow 
median  line  formed  of  irregular  black  shaft  sti'eaks  ;  feathers  on  sides  of 
crown  and  nape  with  fine  black  shaft  streaks  ;  a  grayish  white  stripe 
from  toj)  of  orbit  back  along  sides  of  nape  ;  ear  coverts  mottled  brownish, 
l)ordereil  below  by  a  narrow  line  of  white  ;  chin  and  throat  grayish  brown 
with  the  feathers  on  chin  finely  mottled  with  blackish  and  on  lower 
throat  with  narrow  subterminal  black  bars  and  l)road  white  tips  ;  imme- 
diately back  of  this,  a  collar  of  golden  bufty  completely  enciicling  neck; 
shoulders,  back,  rump,  and  upper  tail  coverts  dark  gray,  finely  mottled 
with  pale  brown  and  with  distinct  shaft  streaks  of  black,  heaviest  on 
upper  tail  coverts ;  primaries  dull  black,  with  large  spots  of  rich  fulvous 
bufty  on  both  webs,  and  mottled  near  tii)s  with  gray  ;  secondaries  black- 
ish coarsely  mottled  with  gray  and  fulvous  buffy ;  outer  web  of  outer  scap- 
ulars dull  blackish,  finely  mottled  with  gray,  with  roughly  oblong  black 
spots  forming  part  of  most  of  black  shaft  streaks  ;  these  l)lack  spots  and 
streaks  edged  with  buffy  ;  inner  web  of  inner  scapulars  like  those  already 
described  but  adjacent  inner  and  outer  webs  of  middle  scapulars  pale 
gray,  finely  mottled  with  darker,  forming  a  broad,  pale,  longitudinal 
band  along  middle  of  scapulars  on  each  side  of  which  extend  most  of  the 
oblong  black  shaft  spots  ;  tail  above  very  similar  to  back  in  general  color 
but  more  coarsely  mottled  with  black  ;  tail  below  dull  Ijlackish,  indis- 

*  All  measurements  are  in  millimeters. 


New  Birds  from  Nortliwcdevn  Mexico.  27 

tinctly  banded  and  coarsely  mottled  with  gray  and  buff  and  narrowly 
tipped  with  buft";  entire  breast  gray,  finely  mottled  with  pale  brown  and 
bully  and  with  fine  black  shaft  streaks;  crissum  buffy  with  irregular 
black  bars,  coarser  and  fewer  on  under  tail  coverts. 

Dimensions.  —  Wing  163;  tail  123;  culmen  13;  tarsus  18. 

General  notes. — The  crown  of  A.  goldniani  is  much  paler  than  the  rest  of 
the  back  and  in  the  silky  gra_y  gloss  and  pattern  of  markings  closely  re- 
sembles the  crown  of  a  gray  si^ecinien  of  Nyclidromus  albicoUis.  It  has  the 
same  general  type  of  coloration  as  A.  rldgwayl,  and  like  it  has  feathers 
only  on  the  upper  third  of  the  tarsus.  Both  A.  ridgwayi  and  .1.  goldniani 
are  very  distinct  from  A.  salvin.  The  latter,  although  having  a  very 
narrow  buffy  collar  around  the  neck,  is  a  much  darker  bird  with  a  very 
ditt'erent  pattern  of  markings,  especially  on  the  wings,  and  has  the  upper 
two-thirds  of  the  tarsus  feathered. 

Aphelocoma  grisea  sp.  nov.     Chihuahua  Jay. 

Type  No.  164250,  ?  ad.,  U.  8.  Nat.  Mus.,  Biological  Survey  Collection, 
from  vicinity  of  Guachochi,  in  the  Sierra  Madre  of  southern  Chihuahua, 
Mexico.     Collected  September  27,  1898,  by  E.  A.  Goldman. 

Distribulion. — Oak  woods  in  Sierra  Madre  of  southern  Chihuahua, 
Mexico. 

Specific  characters. — Nearest  Aphelocoma  woodhousel  but  the  head  paler 
blue,  back  grayer,  and  crissum  white. 

Color  of  type. — Top  of  head  and  neck  pale  grayish  blue  approaching 
China  blue;  entire  back  dull  gray  with  faint  wash  of  blue;  upper  tail 
coverts  azure  blue;  upper  surface  of  wdngs  and  tail  a  little  darker  blue 
than  crown  ;  ears  and  sides  of  head  dark  gray  glossed  with  blue,  espe- 
cially on  cheeks ;  narrow  superciliary  streak  of  white  extending  back 
from  upper  border  of  orbit ;  chin  and  under  side  of  neck  to  fore  breast 
dull  whitish  with  pale  bluish  gray  streaks ;  breast  and  front  part  of  fianks 
dingy  gray  shading  posteriorly  into  the  white  area  occupying  entire 
crissum. 

Dimensions  of  type. — Wing  138  ;   tail  140;  culmen  24;   tarsus  39. 

General  notes.  —  Aphelocoma  grisea  may  be  distinguished  from  both 
A.  woodliousei  and  A.  cyanotis  by  the  paler,  gra3'er  color  of  its  upper 
parts,  the  obsolescence  of  the  streaking  on  the  under  side  of  the  neck  and 
fore  breast,  and  the  white  crissum. 

Pipilo  fuscus  iutermedius  snbsp.  nov.     Alamos  Pipilo. 

Type  No.  164259,  (^  ad.,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Biological  Survey  Collection, 
from  Alamos,  Sonora,  Mexico.  Collected  December  21,  1898,  by  E.  A. 
Goldman. 

Distribution. — Coast  region  of  southern  Sonora  and  northern  Siiialoa, 
Mexico. 

Subspecific  cliaracters. — Size  intermediate  between  Pipilo  fnscas  niesoleu- 
cus  and  P.  f.  albigulu.  Back  clearer  or  more  ashy  gray  than  in  either 
albigula  or  mesoleucus ;  crown  oi'dinarily  like  back  with  only  a  trace  of 


28  Nelson — Neiv  Birds  from  Nortjnvestcrn  Mexico. 

rufous  ;  under  surface  of  ])ody  much  like  mesoleucus  but  the  flanks  a  little 
darker  ashy. 

Measurements  of  ti/pe.—Win^9o;  tail  105;  culmenl3.5;  tarsus  26. 

General  notes. — The  strongest  character  of  P.  f.  iniermedius  is  the  absence 
of  rusty  rufous  on  the  crown  and  the  trrayer  back  as  contrasted  with  the 
rusty  crown  and  brownish  gray  back  of  both  mesoleucus  and  albiyuht. 

Cardinalis  cardinalis  affinis  subsjD.  nov.     Sonora  Cardinal. 

Tijpe  No.  164258,  $  ad.,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Biological  Survey  Collection, 
from  Alamos,  Sonora,  Mexico.  Collected  January  28,  1899,  by  E.  A. 
Goldman. 

Distribution. — Coast  region  of  southern  Sonora  and  northern  Sinaloa, 
Mexico. 

Subspecific  cliaracfers. — Size  of  Cardinalis  c.  iqneus  from  which  the  females 
may  be  distinguished  by  narrower  bill,  grayer  upper  parts,  and  duller  or 
less  huffy  under  parts  ;  dark  chin  patch  absent  as  in  igneus.  The  males 
scarcely  distinguishable  from  those  of  igneus  except  by  their  slenderer 
bills. 

Dimensions  of  type. — ^Wing  92;  tail  104;  culmen  17;  width  of  bill  at 
base  12 ;  tarsus  25. 

General  notes.  —  Cardimdis  c.  affinis  is  much  more  like  C.  c.  igneus  of  the 
Cape  St.  Lucas  region  than  like  C.  c.  superbus  of  southern  Ai'izona  and 
northern  Sonora.  C.  c.  superbus  is  a  much  larger  bird  and  the  female  is 
browner  above,  more  huffy  ochraceous  below,  and  has  a  distinct  dark 
chin  patch.  An  adult  female  from  Tucson,  Arizona,  measures  :  Wing 
104;  tail  123;  culmen  19;  width  of  bill  at  base  13.5 ;  tarsus  27. 

Cardinalis  cardinalis  sinaloensis  subsp.  nov.     Sinaloa  Cardinal. 

7VpeNo.  164375,  9  ad.,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Biological  Survey  Collection, 
from  Culiacan,  Sinaloa,  Mexico.  Collected  March  18,  1899,  by  E.  A. 
Goldman. 

Distribution. — Coast  plains  and  foothills  of  central  and  southern  Sinaloa, 
and  probably  south  to  Colinia,  Mexico. 

Subspecific  characters. — Size  nearly  the  same  as  that  of  Cardlntdis  c. 
igneus,  but  bill  longer  and  slenderer  ;  color  of  male  lighter  and  more  vivid 
red  ;  color  of  female  above,  darker  and  grayer  but  with  more  red  on  wings 
and  tail ;  below  darker  and  more  bi'ownish  fulvous  with  an  indistinct  dark 
grayish  chin  patch.  Compared  with  C.  c.  superbus,  size  much  smaller; 
male  brighter,  more  carmine  red  ;  female — above,  darker  gra}',  below 
darker,  more  brownish  fulvous.  The  female  differs  from  that  of  C.  c. 
affini.'i  in  its  smaller  size  and  nuich  darker  and  more  brownish  fulvous 
color  of  under  parts. 

Dimensions  of  li/pr. — Wing  87;  tail  96;  culmen  18;  tarsus  26. 

Arremonops  superciliosa  sinaloae  subsp.  nov.     Mazafclan  Sparrow. 

Tg]ie  No.  164888,  J"  ad.,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Biological  Survey  Collection, 
from  vicinity  of  Mazatlan,  Sinaloa,  Mexico.  Collected  April  6,  1899,  by 
E.  A.  Goldman. 


Nciu  Birds  from  NortJiwcMern  Mexico.  29 

Distrilmtiini.— Coast  lowlands  of  western  Mexico  from  Miizathin  nt  least 
to  sonthern  border  of  the  Territory  of  Tepic. 

f:>Hhi<p('clfic  chumders. — Similar  to  Arremonops  superciliosa  siimichmiili,  l)iit 
the  median  line  of  crown  and  sides  of  head  more  ashy ;  foreback  dis- 
tinctly shaded  with  ashy  and  rest  of  back  clearer  and  less  olive  <;reeii ; 
nnder  i)arts  paler  and  less  bnffy.  Median  and  superciliary  crown  streaks 
darker  ashy  than  in  typical  superciliosa,  the  rufous  lateral  stripes  paler; 
chin  and  throat  much  paler  and  less  buffy— about  as  in  SLimichrasti ; 
back  a  little  grayer. 

Dimensions  of  type.— ^Yu•^g  66;  tail  56  ;  culmenlS;  tarsus  20.5. 

General  notes.— By  a  slip  of  the  pen  in  the  'Auk'  for  April,  1898,  p.  157, 
I  placed  A.  sumichrasti  as  a  subspecies  of  ritfivirgata.  In  fact  it  is  a  sub- 
species of  the  quite  distinct  .-J.  superciliosa,  which  (with  all  its  subspecies) 
belongs  to  the  west  coast  of  Central  America  and  Mexico.  .1.  rufirirgata 
and  its  subspecies  belong  to  the  east  coast. 

Basileuterus  rufifrons  caudatus  subsp.  nov.     Sonora  Warbler. 

Type  No.  164260,  cP  ad.,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Biological  Survey  Collection, 
from  vicinity  of  Alamos,  Sonora,  Mexico.  Collected  January  8,  1899,  by 
E.  A.  Goldman. 

Distribution.— Southwestern  Sonora  and  northern  Sinaloa,  Mexico. 

Subspecific  characters.— 't^mn\'M-  to  Basileuterus  rufifrovsjouyi  from  which 
it  differs  in  the  paler  and  more  restricted  rufous  area  on  crown;  ratlier 
paler  gray  of  back  ;  more  fulvous  color  on  crissum  combined  with  shorter 
wing  and  longer  tail  and  tarsus. 

Dimensions  of  type.— Wing  51  ;  tail  60  ;  culmen  10  ;  tarsus  2;].  Type  of 
B.  r.  jouyi. —W\ng  52  ;  tail  56  ;  culmen  9  ;  tarsus  20. 

Thryothoius  felix  pallidus  subsp.  nov.     Mazatlan  Wren. 

7///»f  No.  164270,  $  ad.,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Biological  Survey  Collection, 
from  Chacala,  Durango,  Mexico.  Collected  February  27,  1899,  by  E.  A. 
Goldman. 

Distrihutioii.— Arid  tropical  region  of  western  Mexico,  from  northern 
Sinaloa  and  western  Durango  to  southwestern  Puebla  and  northern 
Guerrero,  Mexico. 

Snhspecific  characters.— Generidly  similar  to  typical  T.  felix,  but  slightly 
smallei-,  with  upper  parts  less  rufous  and  more  olive  brown ;  tail  paler 
brown,  with  nuich  more  distinct  black  bars ;  under  parts  paler,  and  under 
tail  coverts  barred  with  dingy  whitish  and  l)lack  instead  of  rufous  browni 
and  black. 

Dimensions  of  type. — Wing  56  ;  tail  53;  culmen  14;  tarsus  21. 

General  notes.  — Thryotltorus  felix  was  described  from  southwestern 
Oaxaca.  We  have  a  winter  specimen  taken  at  Ometepec,  Guerrero,  so  near 
the  type  locality  both  in  distance  and  climatic  conditions  that  I  am  safe 
in  considering  it  typical,  and  have  used  it  as  such  in  the  foregoing  com- 
parison. Numerous  specimens  from  Tepic,  Sinaloa,  and  western  Durango 
agree  with  the  type  of  Thryotluirus  f.  pallidus. 


30  Nelson — New  Birds  from  Northivestern  Mexico. 

Heleodytes  stridulus  .s]>.  nov.     Brown-backed  Wren. 

Type  No.  164261,  ?  ad.,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mas.,  Biological  Survey  Collection, 
from  Sierra  de  Choix,  northeastern  Sinaloa,  Mexico.  Collected  October 
16,  1S98,  by  E.  A.  Goldman. 

Distrihiawn.—kxi&  mountain  slopes  of  northeastern  Sinaloa  and  adja- 
cent parts  of  Sonora,  Mexico. 

Description  of  type.— Crown  blackish  brown,  darkest  on  forehead  ;  super- 
ciliary stripe  from  bill  to  nape  white,  washed  with  fulvous  ])rown  ;  loral 
and  postocular  stripe  blackish;  cheeks  from  gape  dingy  whitish  ;  malar 
stripe  black  ;  sides  of  neck  dingy  whitish,  streaked  with  dull  blackish  and 
thinly  washed  with  dull  fulvous ;  back  and  scapulars  burnt  umber  brown, 
marked  witli  irregular  white  shaft  streaks  and  obscure  blackish  spots  ; 
upper  tail  coverts  transversely  baried  with  umber  brown,  black  and 
whitish  ;  outside  of  wings  marked  with  spots  of  umber  brown,  black  and 
whitish;  middle  tail  feathers  ashy  brown,  indistinctly  and  narrowly 
barred  with  blackish  ;  lateral  feathers  black,  with  dingy  ashy  tips  and  a 
series  of  brownish  white  spots  along  outer  webs;  chin,  throat,  breast, 
and  middle  of  belly  white,  faintly  washed  with  brown  and  spotted  on 
breast  and  flanks  with  black  ;  flanks  posteriorly  and  entire  crissum  cin- 
namon brown,  brightest  on  under  tail  coverts. 

Measurements  of  type.— Wmg  7') ;  tail  76  ;  culmen  19.5;  tarsus  24. 

General  notes.— This  species  is  nearest  //.  gnluris,  from  whicli  it  is  easily 
distinguished  by  the  blackish  brown  crown,  blackish  postocular  stripe, 
and  darker  l)rown  back.  The  black  spots  on  breast  and  flanks  are  rounded 
instead  of  being  mainly  pointed  anteriorly  (and  thus  subtriangular),  as  in 
H.  gularis.  Typical  specimens  of  H.  gularis  in  the  Biological  Survey 
Collection  from  the  Sierra  Nevada  de  Colima,  southern  Jalisco,  and  from 
the  Sierra  Madre  of  southern  Sinaloa  and  the  Nayarit  Mountains  of  Tepic, 
just  west  of  I^>olanos,  outline  the  known  range  of  this  species,  and  the 
specimens  from  the  mountains  of  Sonora  referred  to  //.  gularis  by  Salvin 
and  (iodman  (Ibis,  1889,  p.  235)  are,  no  doubt,  referable  to  //.  slridnhis. 

Myadestes  obscurus  cinereus  subsp.  nov.     Sonora  Solitaire. 

Type  No.  164262,  $  ad.,  TJ.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Biological  Survey  Collection, 
from  mountains  near  Alamos,  Sonora,  Mexico.  Collected  January  3, 
1899,  by  E.  A.  Goldman. 

Distribution. — Arid  mountains  of  southern  Sonora  and  adjacent  part  of 
Sinaloa,  Mexico. 

Suhspecific  c/(ar«dcrs.— Most  like  M.  yadestes  o.  insaluris  but  with  the  ashy 
gray  of  upper  parts  even  paler  than  in  that  form  and  extending  ferther 
down  over  fore  back :  rump  and  middle  tail  feathers  clearer  ashy  and 
interscapular  area  less  suffused  with  brown.  Under  ])arts  nuich  as  in 
M.  0.  occidentalls  but  clearer  ashy,  with  white  area  on  abdomen  more  re- 
stricted tluin  in  iii.^tilarl.s. 

^feasnrelnents  of  I y])i:—\\\u<i  lO-i;  tail  104;  culmen  11.5;  tarsus  20. 

General  notes. — This  form  equals  Alyadeste.'^  o.  occidentalis  in  size  but  is 


New  Birds  from  Norfliivcsfern  Mexico.  31 

much  i)aler,  and  is,  in  fact,  the  palest  known  subspecies  of  j\f.  obscurus. 
The  present  record  extends  the  range  of  this  species  far  north  along  the 
west  coast  of  INIexico.  M.  townsendi  is  the  resident  species  in  the  high 
pine  forests  of  the  Sieri-a  jNIadre  of  northwestern  Mexico,  the  present 
form  belonging  to  the  lower,  drier  ranges  between  the  Sierra  Madre  and 
the  coast. 

Catharus  olivascens  sp.  nov.     Chihuahua  Thrush. 

Type  No.  16420.3,  J"  ad.,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Biological  Survey  Collection, 
from  the  Sierra  Madre,  Chihuahua  (65  miles  east  of  Batopilas),  Mexico. 
Collected  September  30,  1898,  by  E.  A.  Goldman. 

Distribution. — Known  onh'  from  the  type  locality. 

Description  of  type. — Top  of  head  and  nape  raw  umber  brown;  sides  of 
head  and  neck  hair  brown,  underlaid  with  j)ale  huffy ;  back,  including 
scapulars  and  rump,  olive  brown,  contrasting  with  color  of  crown  and 
nape;  outside  of  wings  and  upper  tail  coverts  similar  to,  but  browner 
than  back;  tail  grayish  brown  washed  on  exposed  parts  with  tawny 
olive ;  chin,  throat  and  upper  part  of  breast,  pale  creamy  buflf,  streaked 
or  mottled  with  hair  brown  shaded  with  olive;  rest  of  breast,  abdomen, 
and  under  tail  coverts  white;  upper  part  of  flanks  pale  grayish  brown. 

3[easnreine)its  of  type. — \Ving  91;  tail  77;  culmen  13;  tarsus  31. 

General  notes.. — This  species  is  most  closely  related  to  Ccdlutrus  occiden- 
tdlis  fulvescens  Nelson,  but  the  colors  of  the  upper  parts  are  much  more 
olivaceous,  the  throat  and  middle  of  breast  deeper  huffy  with  heavier 
gray  markings,  and  the  wash  of  gray  on  the  sides  of  the  body  mucli 
more  restricted,  leaving  a  larger  area  of  pure  white.  Tlie  bill  is  longer 
and  slenderer  and  the  tarsus  shorter.  Tlie  presence  of  a  species  of 
GitJidrns  in  Chihuahua  extends  the  range  of  the  genus  far  north  of  any 
former  record,  and  was  unexpected  after  my  unsaccessfnl  effoi'ts,  during 
the  summer  of  1898,  to  find  the  bird  in  l)urango  and  extreme  southern 
Chihuahua. 


Vol.  XIII,  pp.  33-37  May  29,  1899 

PROCEEDINGS 


OF    THE 


BIOLOGICAL  SOCIETY  OF  WASHINGTON 


TWO   NEW   GLOSSOPHAGINK   BATS   FROM   THE 

WEST  INDIES*       • 

BY  GERRIT  S.  MILLER,  Jr. 


Examination  of  material  in  the  United  States  National  Mu- 
seum proves  that  there  are  at  least  three  species  of  the  Glos- 
sophagine  genus  Phyllonycleris  in  addition  to  the  slightly  known 
P.  poeyi  One  of  these,  P.  sezekorni  Gundlach,t  is  confined  to 
Cuba,  the  second  occurs  in  the  Bahamas,  and  the  third  is  thus 
far  known  from  Puerto  Rico  only.J  To  the  kindness  of  Dr.  J.  A . 
Allen  I  owe  the  oi^portunit}'  of  examining  two  skulls  of  PhyUo- 
nycteris  sezekorni. 

The  three  species  may  be  distinguisiied  by  the  following 
synopsis  : 

Zygomatic  arch  ijicomplete  ;  braiucase  hi}j;li  but  forming  no 
angle  with  dorsal  outline  of  rostrum  ;  rim  of  anterior 
nares  thick,  not  flaring;  no  distinct  lachrymal  swellings; 
de])th  of  mandil)le  about  one-sixth  length  ;  crown  of  first 
lower  molar  only  slightly  longer  than  that  of  lirst  pre- 
molar ;  color  light  yellowish  brown F.  sezekorni. 

*  Published  by  permission  of  Secretary  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution. 

t  Monatsber.  K.  Preuss.  Akad.  Wiss.,  Berlin  (1860),  p.  818,  December, 
1860. 

J  Since  this  paper  has  been  in  press,  Mr.  1).  G.  Elliot  has  sent  me  for 
examination  the  rivijllonyderls  from  San  Cristobal,  Santo  Domingo,  which 
he  recorded  in  1896  as  P.  poeyl  (Field  Columbian  ^Museum  Publication 
11,  Zoological  Series,  I,  No.  3,  p.  82,  May,  1896).  The  single  skin  rei)re- 
sents  a  species  closely  related  to  P.  bomhifw}is  of  Puerto  Rico,  but  prob. 
ably  distinct.  In  the  absence  of  satisfactory  material  it  would  be  useless 
to  attempt  to  define  the  form. 

9— Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  Vol.  XIII,  Is'jy  (:«) 


34     Miller — New  Gleissophaeilne  Beds  from  I  he  Wed  Inelies. 

Zygomatic  arch  complete  ;  braincase  forming  an  angle  with 
donsal  outline  of  rostrum  ;  rim  of  anterior  nares  variable ; 
lachrymal  region  distinctly  swollen  ;  depth  of  mandible 
about  one-seventh  length  ;  crown  of  first  lower  molar 
nearly  twice  as  long  as  that  of  first  premolar  ;  color  vari- 
able. 

Braincase  rising  above  plane  of  rostrum  at  angle  of  about 
12° ;  rim  of  anterior  nares  thick,  not  flaring  ;  teeth 
large ;   anterior  border  of  ti-agus  entire  ;   back  light 

clay  color . .  P.  planifrons. 

Braincase  rising  above  plane  of  rostrum  at  angle  of  about 
?>0°  ;  rim  of  anterior  nares  thin,  distinctly  flaring ; 
teeth  small ;  anterior  border  of  tragus  with  several 
fleshy  projections  near  tip  ;  back  dark  brown P.  hombifrnm. 

Phyllonycteris  planifrons  sp.  nov. 

Type,  adult  J*  (in  alcohol),  No.  62517,  United  States  National  Museum, 
collected  at  Nassau,  New  Providence,  Bahamas,  March  18,  1886,  by  James 
E.  Benedict. 

General  characters. — See  synopsis. 

Ears. — The  ears  are  moderately  long ;  laid  forward  they  I'each  about 
three-fourths  of  the  distance  from  eye  to  nostril.  Anterior  border  of 
conch  strongly  convex  immediately  above  base,  then  nearly  straight  to 
narrowly  rounded  off"  tip.  Posterior  l)order  fiiintly  concave  immediately 
below  tip,  convex  through  lower  half  The  posterior  border  terminates 
abruptly  close  in  front  of  meatus,  and  almost  directly  below  anterior 
base.  Six  or  seven  transverse  ridges  on  inner  side  of  conch  near  poste- 
rior border.  A  small  but  conspicuous  wart  on  cheek  in  front  of  lower 
base  of  ear.  Anterior  border  of  tragus  much  thickened,  nearly  straight, 
though  slightly  convex  near  middle  and  slightly  concave  below  tip.  Tip 
pointed.  Posterior  bordei  with  four  jagged  projections,  of  which  the  two 
lower  arc  largest  and  the  two  njiper  occasionally  obsolete. 

Muzzle  (I'lnl  chin. — Main  jiortion  of  noseleaf  oval,  considerably  broader 
than  high,  ill  defined  over  upper  lip,  the  free  edge  finely  crenulate.  At 
middle  of  upper  part  of  free  edge  is  a  well  defined  upright  i)rojection,  the 
height  of  which  above  general  outline  of  oval  is  about  equal  to  distance 
between  inner  borders  of  nostrils. 

Nostrils  near  outer  edges  of  noseleaf,  ojiening  upward,  forward  and 
slightly  outward. 

Behind  the  noseleaf  and  separated  from  it  by  a  deep  groove  is  an  irreg- 
ular but  well-developed  horseslioe-sliaped  ridge,  the  ends  of  which  blend 
with  the  glandular  upper  lip. 

Chin  divided  by  a  deep  groove,  narrow  below,  wide  above,  from  the 
sides  of  which  spring  four  to  six  small,  flesh}'  projections. 

Mt'inhranex. — The  membranes  are  thick  and  leatiiery  ;  the  wings  and 
propatagium  broad  and  ample;  the  uropatagium  greatly  reduced  (only 
10  nun.  wide  at  l)ase).     Propatagium  extending  along  forearm  to  join 


New  Glossophaginc  Bats  from  the  }Vcst  Indies.  35 

tliiiiul)  at  distal  end  of  metacarpal.  The  meiubranes  are  practically  naked 
throughout,  as  the  fur  of  tiie  body  reaches  the  wings  (both  above  and 
below)  in  a  narrow  line  only. 

Feet. — The  foot  is  long  and  strong,  about  two-thirds  length  of  tibia. 
Toes  essentially  equal  in  length,  the  first  and  fifth  slightly  shorter  than 
the  others.  Claws  large  and  sharp,  nearly  one-third  as  long  as  rest  of 
foot.     Calcar  distinct  but  reduced  to  a  mere  stub  3  mm.  in  length. 

2\til. — Tail  slightly  longer  than  foot,  a  little  less  than  half  free  from 
membrane. 

Far  and  color. — The  fur  is  loose  in  texture,  and  only  moderately  long 
(about  10  mm.  at  middle  of  back).  It  is  closely  confined  to  body,  scarcely 
reaching  wings.  That  of  head  covers  external  basal  fourth  of  ears. 
Face  densely  hairy  as  far  forward  as  ridge  behind  noseleaf.  Chin  and 
noseleaf  naked.  Lips  and  ridge  behind  noseleaf  sprinkled  with  fine, 
short  hairs. 

Color  of  two  skins  (topotypes)  collected  June  3,  1884,  by  C.  J.  May- 
nard  (Nos.  85  and  86,  Miller  collection) :  fur  of  back  whitish  gray  through 
basal  half,  then  light  clay  color  faintly  tinged  with  pinkish  buff.  Tiie 
pale  bases  of  the  hairs  appear  irregular!}'-  at  the  surface.  Ventral  surface 
pinkish  buft",  the  hairs  grayish  at  base.  Ears,  membranes,  and  feet  light 
brown.  After  thirteen  years'  immersion  in  alcohol  the  color  of  the  tyi)e 
does  not  differ  apj)reciably  from  that  of  these  skins. 

Sknll. — The  skull  of  Plti/lloai/ctcri.'^  planifrons  differs  from  that  of  /'.  seze- 
koriii  most  noticeably  in  the  presence  of  very  slender  but  complete  zygo- 
matic arches.  The  rostrum  is  slightly  broader  and  flatter  and  the  brain- 
case  smaller  relatively  to  the  size  of  the  skull.  The  facial  profile  is  straight 
from  external  nares  to  base  of  proencephalon,  where  it  rises  at  an  angle 
of  about  12°.  Proencephalon  small,  indistinctly  marked  oft"  from  very 
large  mesencephalon.  Metencephalon  small  and  slightly  outliued.  Lach- 
rymal region  abruptly  swollen.  Antorbital  foramen  placed  oy)liquely  over 
posterior  part  of  second  premolar.  Bony  palate  slightly  arched,  its  gen- 
eral form  nearly  rectangular,  the  width  between  penultimate  molars  about 
half  length.  Vacuities  behind  incisors  smaller  than  in  P.  sezekomi,  hut 
distinct.  Pterygoids  long,  the  distance  from  haraular  to  posterior  molar 
slighlly  greater  than  length  of  tooth  row  behind  canine.  The  i)ter}'goids 
are  strongly  hollowed  from  within  ;  and  the  interpterygoid  fossa  is  partly 
clo.sed  in  immediately  behind  the  bony  palate  by  the  thin  shelf-like  edges 
of  the  pterygoids.  Ventral  aspect  of  roof  of  posterior  nares  flat.  A 
slight  depression  on  each  side  of  the  faint  median  ridge  on  basioccipital 
between  audital  bnlhe.  Audital  bulke  small  and  round,  their  greatest 
diameter  about  equal  to  least  width  of  palate  between  second  premolars. 
Rim  of  external  nares  thick,  not  flaring.  Mandible  slender,  the  depth 
contained  about  seven  times  in  greatest  length. 

The  skull  of  the  type  measures :  greatest  length  2o ;  biisal  length  22 ; 
basilar  length  20  ;  zygomatic  breadth  11;  interorl)ital  breadth  4.8  ;  lach- 
rymal breadth  6;  mastoid  breadth  11;  fronto-palatal  depth  3.4  ;  depth 
of  braincase  from  highest  |)oint  to  level  of  audital  bulhe  !).(>;  maxillary 


36     Miller — New  GlossoplKujine  Bafsfroiii  flic  Wed  Indies. 

tooth  row  (exclusive  of  incisors)  8.4;  inaudible  16.4  ;  mandibular  tooth 
row  (exclusive  of  incisors)  9. 

Teelli. — The  teeth  are  slightly  larger  than  in  P.  sesekornl  or  J\  buinhi- 
frons.  Crown  of  first  upper  molar  nearly  equal  in  length  to  that  of  sec- 
ond and  third  together.  First  upper  premolar  minute,  usually  closely 
wedged  between  canine  and  second  premolar.  Second  pi-emolar  larger 
than  second  molar.  Finst  lower  molar  nearly  double  as  long  as  first  lowf  r 
premolar ;  second  premolar  slightly  larger  than  first,  which  is  about  equal 
to  third  molar. 

Measurements  (tyjie  specimen). — Total  length  78  ;  tail  vertebrae  17  ;  tibia 
22;  foot  14;  forearm  47 ;  thumb  12;  second  finger  35;  third  finger  82; 
fourth  finger  62 ;  fifth  finger  64  ;  ear  from  meatus  19  ;  ear  from  crown  15 ; 
widthof  ear  13.6;  tragus8.2;  widthof  tragus  at  anterior  base  2  2;  height 
of  noseleaf  from  upper  lip  4.6  ;  width  of  noseleaf  5. 

Specimens  examined. — One  hundred  and  twenty-four  (2  skins),  all  from 
the  same  limestone  cave  a  few  miles  from  the  city  of  Nassau. 

Phyllonycteris  bombifrons  sp.  nov. 

Type,  adult  (^  (in  alcohol),  No.  86274,  United  States  National  Museum, 
collected  in  a  limestone  cave  near  Bayamon,  Province  of  San  Juan,  Puerto 
Kico,  January  18,  1899,  by  Paul  Beck  with. 

General  characters. — See  synopsis. 

Ears. — In  size  and  form  the  ears  are  as  in  F.  planifrons.  Tragus  shorter 
and  broader  than  in  P.  pUmifrons,  the  anterior  border  strongly  convex, 
and  with  from  one  to  three  pointed  outgrowths  above  middle.  Posterior 
border  nmch  more  conspicuously  denticulate  than  in  I',  planifrons. 

Muzzle  and  cliin. — The  muzzle  and  chin  are  essentially  as  in  tlie  I'aha- 
man  species,  but  the  ridge  back  of  the  noseleaf  is  sej^arated  from  the  latter 
by  a  much  broader  groove,  and  the  fleshy  outgrowths  from  the  sides  of 
the  groove  in  chin  are  more  conspicuous. 

Membranes,  feel,  tail,  and  fur  as  in  P.  planifrons. 

Color. — Botli  fur  and  membranes  are  much  darker  than  in  P.  planifrons. 
In  a  specimen  (No.  86270)  skinned  after  only  two  months'  innnersion  in 
formalin  and  alcohol,  the  fur  of  the  dorsal  surface  is  whitish  gray  through 
basal  two  thirds,  then  mars  brown  to  tip.  Ventral  surface  pale  wood 
brown.     Ears,  feet,  and  membranes  dark  brown. 

*S7.-'(//. — The  skull  of  Phijllonycteris  Iiomhifrons  differs  from  that  of  P.  plani- 
frons ill  its  shorter,  narrower,  more  rounded  rostrum,  and  larger,  much 
more  highly  arched  braincase.  The  proencephalon  rises  above  the  plain 
of  the  rostrum  at  an  angle  of  about  30°.  Lachrymal  swellings  well  de- 
veloped. Audital  bulbe  smaller  than  in  P.  planifrons,  the  greatest  diam- 
eter of  each  considerably  less  than  least  width  of  palate  between  second 
premolars.  /7^'r/.//o/(/.s- slightly  shorter  than  in  P.  jilanifrons.  Kim  of  ex- 
ternal iiares  thin  and  noticeably  flaring.     Mandible  slender. 

Tiie  skull  of  the  type  measures:  greatest  length  24.4;  basal  length  22; 
basilar  length  19.8;  zygomatic  breadth  12;  inteiorbital  breadth  5 ;  lach- 
rymal breadth  6 ;  mastoid  breadth   11.4;  fronto-palatal  depth  3;  depth 


New  Glossopliagine  Bats  from  the  West  Indies.  37 

of  bruiiicase  from  highest  point  to  level  of  audital  bullae  10.4;  maxillary 
tooth  row  (exclusive  of  incisors)  8;  mandible  16;  mandibular  tooth  row 
(exclusive  of  incisors)  9. 

7>('//(.— Except  for  their  somewhat  smaller  general  size,  the  teeth  of 
rhyUouycteris  bomhifrons  do  not  differ  ai)preciably  from  those  of  P.  plani- 
frons. 

Mensuremeriis  (type). — Total  length  78;  tail  vertebrje  14;  tibia  22;  foot 
14;  forearm  48.4  ;  thumb  14 ;  second  finger  38;  third  finger  81;  fourth 
finger  65  ;  fifth  finger  64  ;  ear  from  meatus  18  ;  ear  from  crown  14  ;  width 
of  ear  l;-i ;  tragus  7  ;  width  of  tragus  at  anterior  base  2.2  ;  height  of  nose- 
leaf  from  upper  lip  4.6;  width  of  noseleaf  5. 

K^peciinens  e.rnmined. — Fourteen,  all  from  the  type  localit\'. 


Vol.  XIII,  pp.  39-40 

PROCEEDINGS 


OF   THR 


BIOLOGICAL  SOCIETY  OF  WASHINGTON 


A  NEW  POLAR  HARE  FROM  LABRADOR* 
BY  GERRIT  S.  MILLER,  Jr. 


Certain  marked  discrepancies  are  apparent  in  the  measure- 
ments of  Polar  Hares  from  Labrador  and  Newfoundland  tabu- 
lated under  the  name  Lepus  arcticus  hnngsi  by  Mr.  Samuel  N. 
Rhoads  in  his  recent  '  Synopsis  of  the  Polar  Hares  of  North 
America.' t  They  are,  however,  passed  by  without  comment. 
On  examining  the  specimens  in  the  United  States  National  Mu- 
seum, together  with  a  few  lent  me  by  Mr.  Outram  Bangs,  I  find 
that  these  differences  are  correlated  with  others,  both  cranial 
and  external,  and  that  the  Labrador  Polar  Hare  is  readily  sep- 
arable from  true  Lepus  hangn  (Rhoads)  of  Newfoundland.  Its 
relationship  to  the  Polar  Hare  of  Baffin  Land,  Lepus  arcticus 
Ross,  is,  through  the  loss  of  Mr.  Kumlien's  specimens,  less  easily 
determinable.  Lepus  arcticus,  however,  according  to  the  best  tes- 
timony, never  assumes  a  complete  dark  summer  coat ;  while  the 
single  skull  that  I  have  examined  differs  from  that  of  any  of  the 
Labrador  specimens.  As  the  Polar  Hare  of  Labrador  cannot  be 
identified  with  either  Lepus  arcticus  or  Lepus  bnngsi  it  may  stand 
as  : 

Lepus  labradoiius  sp.  nov. 

1896.     Lepus  arcticus  havgsi  Rhoads,  American  NatnraHst,  XXX,  p.  253. 

March,  1896  (part).     Type  locaHty,  Codroy,  Newfoundland. 
1896.     Lepus  arcticus  hangsi  Rhoads,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Philadelpliia, 

p.  365.     August  4,  1S96  (part). 

Coii/pes:  Hk'm  No.  14149,  United  States  National  Museum,  collected  at 
Fort  Chimo,  Ungava,  Lahrador,  Septemher  28, 1882,  hy  Lucien  M.  Turner 

*  Puhhshed  hy  permission  of  Secretary  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution. 
tProc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Philadelphia  (1896),  pp.  351-37(5. 

1(1— HioL.  Sue.  Wash.,  Vol.  XIII,  Is'.iii  (:!'.)) 


40  Miller — .1  New  Polar  Hare  from  Lahrador. 

(original  number  1180) ;  skull  No.  32132,  United  States  National  Museum^ 
same  locality  and  collector,  no  further  data  (original  number  2326). 

General  characters. — Rlost  like  Lepus  bangsi  (Rhoads)  from  Newfound- 
land, but  with  shorter  hind  foot  and  longer  ears.  General  color  of  dorsal 
surface  in  summer  pelage  clear  hair  brown  instead  of  dull  broccoli  brown 
as  in  L.  bangsi.  Audital  bullfe  more  inflated  than  in  L.  bangsi.  Diff'ers 
from  the  Lepus  arcticus  Ross  of  Baffin  T^and  in  the  completely  developed 
dark  summer  coat,  and  apparently  in  cranial  characters  also. 

Color. — (-ieneral  color  of  dorsal  surface  hair  brown  tinged  with  bluish 
gray  and  frosted  witli  whitish.  Head  clear,  pale,  hair  brown,  lightest 
on  cheeks  and  darkest  on  crown  and  forehead.  Ears  grizzled  black  and 
hair  brown  anteriorly,  whitish  posteriorly,  black  at  extreme  tip.  Sides 
and  rump  clear  gray  (Ridgway,  Nomenclature  of  Colors,  PI.  II,  No.  8). 
Belly  dull  white.  Hind  feet  white  above,  tinged  with  brown  over  bases 
of  toes.  Front  feet  white,  strongly  tinged  with  brown.  Soles  of  all  four 
feet  light  umber  brown.     Tail  snowy  white. 

Skull. — The  skull  of  Lepus  labradorius  exactly  resembles  that  of  L. 
bangsi  except  in  the  form  of  the  audital  bullae.  These  are  so  much  in- 
flated that  they  rise  (when  the  skull  is  held  upside  down)  conspicuously 
above  the  surface  of  the  basioccipital,  and  slightly  above  the  level  of  the 
liighest  point  of  the  occipital  condyle.  In  L.  bangsi  the  bullae  rise  very 
slightly  above  the  surface  of  basioccipital,  and  generally  not  to  level  of 
condyle.  The  ventral  exjwsure  of  the  bull;e  is  in  Lepus  labradorius  con- 
siderably longer  than  broad,  while  in  //.  bangsi  the  length  and  breadth 
are  nearly  equal. 

Measurements. — Type:  *  hind  foot  140;  ear  from  crown  100;  ear  to  tip 
of  hairs  108.  Another  specimen  (No.  14793,  U.  S.  National  Museum)  : 
hind  foot  142  ;  ear  from  crown  105;  ear  to  tip  of  hairs  110. 

*The  iy\^Q  of  Lejnis  bangsi  measures:  total  length  626;  tail  vertebrae 
63;  hind  foot  160;  ear  from  crown  85.     (Rhoads.) 


Vol.  Xill,  pp.  41-42  May  29,  1899 

PROCEEDINGS 

OF   THE 

BIOLOGICAL  SOCIETY  OF  WASHINGTON 


CHAMPA  F ASCI  ATA    AND   ITS   SUBSPECIES. 
BY  WILFRED  H.  OSGOOD. 


Among  the  Wren-Tits  in  the  collection  of  the  U.  S.  National 
AFuseum*  is  a  single  specimen  (No.  3339)  winch  formed  part  of 
the  original  Baird  collection  and  which  is  laheled  in  Prof. 
Baird's  writing  '  Pa?-us/ascm<us  California,  Wm.  Gamhel.'  This 
is  the  only  knowm  specimen  of  Cliam/en  collected  hy  Gambel, 
and  as  such  Mr.  Ridgway  has  for  some  time  considered  it  the 
type  of  Chamxa  fnsciata  Gamhel.  The  exact  locality  from  which 
it  came  is  unknown  hut  its  characters  show  conclusive!}^  that  it 
belongs  to  the  pale  southern  form  rather  than  to  the  dark  north- 
ern one.  This  being  the  case,  Chamxa  f.  henshaivi  becomes  a 
synonym  of  C.  fasciata,  and  it  is  necessary  to  provide  a  new 
name  for  the  northern  coast  form  heretofore  assumed  to  be 
typical  fascifda.  The  status  of  the  two  forms  may  be  summa- 
rized as  follows : 

Chamaea  fasciata  Gambel.     Pallid  Wren-Tit. 

P((rui<fasciaius  Gamhel,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  Pliila.,  p.  •2()5,  1845. 
CliHimra.  fdsciala  Ga,\nhe],  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  Pliila.,  p.  154,  1847. 
ClKDivnt  fasciata  Jiemilanvi  Ridgway,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  V,  ll),  June  5, 
1882.     (Type  from  Walker  Basin,  California.) 

Type  fi'om  [southernl  California,  No.  3339  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  Collected 
by  Wm.  Gambel. 

DlslribiUion. — Southern  coast  and  interior  of  California,  includino;  coast 
valleys  and  foothills  from  San  Francisco  Bay  south  to  northern  Lower 

*The  Wren-Tits  in  the  U.  S.  National  Museum  collection  were  kindly 
placed  at  my  disposal  1)y  Mr.  Robert  Ridgway,  Curator  of  Birds. 

ll_H„.r.  S,ir.   Wash.,   Vol.    XIll.   IS'.Mi  (41) 


42  Osijood — ('liamscafasciafa  <rii(J  its  iSubs2)ecies. 

California;  interior  valleys  and  slopes  nortli  to  head  of  the  Sacramento 
Valley.     Upper  Sonoran  zone. 

Description  of  type. — Upper  jiarts  pale  hair  brown,  shading  into  grayish 
on  nai^e  and  top  of  head  and  into  olivaceous  on  rump ;  flanks  ])ale 
brownish  olive;  sides  of  head,  neck  and  shoulders  ashy,  slightly  paler 
than  crown  ;  a  small  white  spot  above  and  below  eye ;  throat  and  breast 
cinnamon  rufous;  sides  washed  with  cinnamon;  belly  yellowish  white 
medially  ;  inner  web  of  i^rimaries  and  secondaries  edged  with  whitish  ; 
under  wing  coverts  and  axillars  pale  cinnamon  rufoiis. 

Measurements  of  tijpe. — Wing  59;  tail  83  ;  exposed  culmen  11  ;  tarsus  2o. 

Remarks. — The  type  of  C.  fusciata,  though  slightly  darker  than  the  type 
of '  hensliawi,''  exactly  represents  the  average  condition  of  the  southern 
and  interior  form.  Specimens  from  the  Sacramento  Valley,  from  San 
Bernardino  county  and  Pasadena  do  not  differ  from  it  in  any  waj'.  It  is 
possible  that  the  type  was  talcen  in  San  Bernardino  County,  since  it  agrees 
perfectly  with  specimens  from  there  and  Gambel  must  have  passed 
through  that  region.  Even  if  the  type  were  not  available  it  would  be 
best  to  use  the  name  for  the  southern  form,  since  so  far  as  known,  Gam- 
bel's  collecting  in  California  was  confined  to  the  region  south  of  San 
Francisco. 

Chamaea  fasciata  phaea  subsp.  nov.     Coast  Wren  Tit. 

Tijpc  from  Newport,  Yaquina  Bay,  Oregon,  (^  ad..  No.  1642.56,  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mus.,  Biological  Survey  Collection.  Collected  March  14,  1899,  l)y  B.  .T. 
Bretherton.     Orig.  No.  2405. 

Distribution. — Coast  of  Oregon  and  California  from  Astoria  to  Nicasio. 
Transition  zone. 

Description  of  type. — Upper  parts  almost  uniform  sepia,  darkest  on  head, 
becoming  bister  on  rump;  tail  bister  with  tinge  of  olivaceous;  flanks 
about  like  rump,  grading  insensi])ly  into  sides  ;  lores,  cheeks  and  sides  of 
head  (lark  ashy  ;  a  white  spot  above  and  below  eye  ;  throat,  breast,  and 
sides  deep  brownish  rufous;  limited  area  in  middle  of  belly  buffy  yel- 
low ;  throat  and  breast  obscurely  streaked  with  dusky  ;  inner  web  of 
l)riniaries  and  secondaries  edged  with  white  ;  under  wing  coverts  and 
axillars  pale  cinnamon  rufous. 

Measurements  of  type. — Wing  60  ;  tail  79;  exposed  culmen  10  ;  tarsus  25. 

JicmarJcs. — Intergradation  between  ty}>ical  C  fasciata  and  C.  f.  pluca,  oc- 
curs in  the  vicinity  of  San  Francisco  Bay.  Among  the  few  specimens 
examined  from  the  region  immediately  south  of  San  Fi'ancisco  (Santa 
Clara,  Santa  Cruz,  etc.)  are  individuals  referable  to  each  form,  thougli 
tlie  majority  are  nearest  to  C.  fasciata. 


Vol.  XIII,  pp.  43-45  May  29,  1899 

PROCEEDINGS  ^ 

OF  THE  /^ 

BIOLOGICAL  SOCIETY  OF  WASHINGTON 


DESCRIPTION    OF    A    NEW    LEMMING   MOUSE    FROM      " 
THE  WPIITE  MOUNTAINS,  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

BY  EDWARD  A.  PREBLE. 


During  the  Litter  part  of  June,  1898,  I  collected  a  few  small 
mammal.s  near  the  village  of  Fabyans,  in  the  White  Mountains 
of  New  Hampshire,  a  short  distance  west  of  the  base  of  Mt.  Wash- 
ington. Among  these  specimens  is  a  small  Lemming  Mouse, 
at  first  suj)[)osed  to  be  Stjnaptoiiri/sfatuus,'^  which  it  greatly  resem- 
bles externally.  An  examination  of  the  skull,  however,  show^s 
the  animal  to  belong  to  Mlctomi/s,  a  subgenus  hitherto  unre- 
corded from  the  eastern  United  States. f 

On  comparing  this  specimen  with  the  type  of  Synaptomys 
{Midomys)  inmiitus,  it  was  at  once  apparent  that  it  represented 
an  undescribed  form,  which  may  be  characterized  as  follows  : 

Synaptomys  (Mictomys)  sphagnicola  sp.  nov. 

'Ti/pc  No.  96543,  rP  adult,  U.  S.  Nat.  Museum,  Biological  Survey  Collec- 
tion. Collected  at  Fabyans,  New  Hampsliire  (near  base  of  Mt.  Washing- 
ton), June  29,  1898,  by  Edward  A.  Preble.     Original  number  2402. 


*  Described  by  Mr.  Outrani  Bangs  (Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  X,  p.  47, 
1896),  from  Lake  Edwai'd,  Quebec,  and  since  recorded  from  Alaine,  New 
Hampsliire,  and  New  Brunswick. 

t  The  following  references  comprise  all  the  published  eastern  records  for 
Mictonnji^,  each  referring  to  a  single  specimen  : 

True,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  XVII,  No.  999,  p.  242  (advance  sheet  Apr. 
26),  1894.  Original  description  of  Mictomys  innuilus  from  Ft.  Chimo, 
Ungava,  Labrador. 

Bangs,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XI,  p.  238,  1897.  Record  of  a  specimen 
of  Synaptomys  {Mictomys)  innuilus  (not  typical)  from  Hamilton  Inlet, 
Labrador. 

12— Bioi,.  Soc  Wa8ii.,  Vol.  XIII.  IKiiji  (43) 


44     Preble — Neiv  Lemmiii;/  Mouse  froiii   ]Vhitc  3Ionnt(iiits. 


General  dKivacli'Vi^. — l^arger  than  aS'.  Itiimilns,  with  larger  skull  and  lonj^er 
hind  foot  and  tail. 

Color  of  Ujpe. — U])i)er  parts  sepia  brown,  quite  thickly  interspersed  with 
black-tipped  hairs,  the  fur  basally  blackish  slate;  each  side  gland 
marked  with  white  ;  under  parts  grayish  white  ;  inside  of  ears  slightly 
darker  than  general  color  of  upper  parts ;  a  few  hairs  at  base  of  ears  and 
on  sides  of  cheeks,  light  chestnut ;  tail  quite  sharply  bicolored,  the  upper 
and  lower  sides  concolor  with  body. 

Cranial  chnrncters. — Compai'ed  with  the  type  of  Syiiaptomys  innuUus, 
which  is  approximately  of  the  same  age,  the  skull. of  8.  spJiagnicola  is 
much  larger  and  longer ;  interorbital  constriction  considerably  longer  and 
narrower;  rostrum  longer  and  stouter;  braincase  more  lengthened  pos- 
teriorly ;  posterior  production  of  zygomata  straighter ;  incisive  foramina 

much  lai-ger  and  slightly  longer 
proportionally  ;  post -palatal 
pits  deeper  and  median  i-idge 
correspondingly  conspicuous  ; 
audital  bullre  longer  and  more 
rounded  ;  pterygoids  more  di- 
verging ;  mandible  larger  and 
stouter,  with  condylar  pro- 
cesses broader  proportionally. 
Denial  cJiaracters. — Com  pared 
with  *S'.  mnuitus,  the  molars  are 
heavier  and  molar  series  consid- 
erably longer ;  enamel  pattern 
of  molars  not  essentially  differ- 
ent, though  the  posterior  prism 
Fig.  3.-a,  Type  «kiill  of  Sijnaptomijs  (Miciomij^)  of  the  last  upper  molar  is  more 

sphngnicola;  b,  type  .skull  of  Synaptomys  [Micto-   ti-jj^ng^j^r.      Inner  faceS  of  tlie 
iiiys)  innuitus.     X  IJ^-  .        .  , 

upper  incisors  much  exca- 
vated medially,  with  the  edges 
exterior  to  the  sulci  about  one  millimeter  longer  than  remaining  portion 
of  the  teeth,  and  ending  in  sharp  points.  Enamel  faces  of  incisoi's  i)aler 
orange  than  in  the  type  of  6'.  innuitus. 

Measurements.— Type  of  S.  spJiagnicola  {in  Hesh) :  total  length  132;  tail 
vei'tebree  24;  hind  foot  20.  Type  of  aS'.  innuitus  (in  alcohol) :  total  length 
115;  tail  vertebrpe  17;  hind  foot  17.5. 

Cranial  measurements  of  tijpe. — Occipito-nasal  length  27.5;  basilar  length 
26;  zygomatic  breadth  16;  mastoid  breadth  12;  interorbital  constric- 
tion 28 ;  length  of  nasals  H  ;  length  of  incisive  foramina  5.5  ;  upper  molar 
series,  7.  Ty])e  skull  of  »S'.  innuitus  (No.  24729,  U.  S..  Nat.  Mus.)  :  occipito- 
nasal  length  li).6;  basilar  length  18.3;  zygomatic  breadth  15;  mastoid 
breadth  11.5;  interorbital  constriction  3.1;  length  of  nasals  6.3;  length 
of  incisive  foramina  4.8;  upper  molar  series  6.5. 

Gcner((l  remarks. — The  discovery  of  a  sj)ecies  of  Midomys  in  the  White 
Mountains,  within  the  limits  of  the  Canadian  Zone,  and  at  a  compara- 
tively low  altitude  (al^out  1 ,600  feet)  is  one  of  the  many  surprises  that  mod- 


New  Lemming  Mouse  from  Wliife  Mountains.  45 

eni  methods  of  collecting  have  brought  to  light,  even  in  this  thickly  settled 
region.  The  type  and  only  known  specimen  was  taken  near  the  banks 
of  a  small  stream  (called  on  some  maps  Dartmouth  Brook),  which  leis- 
urely winds  its  way  through  a  piece  of  swampy  ground  well  grown  up  to 
alders  and  other  small  trees,  just  before  losing  itself  in  the  noisy  Ammo- 
noosuc.  The  carriage  road  leading  from  Fabyans  to  the  base  of  Mt. 
Washington  crosses  the  brook  at  this  point  after  covering  aliout  a  mile 
of  its  course.  To  the  left  of  this  road,  where  my  collecting  was  done,  the 
ground  is  swampy  and  quite  densely  carpeted  with  moss,  through  which 
spring  many  grasses  and  swamp-loving  plants,  overtopping,  to  a  great 
extent,  the  logs,  stumps,  and  fallen  trees  with  which  the  ground  is  strewn. 

j\Iy  traps,  set  here  for  three  nights,  captured  numerous  specimens  of 
meadow  mice  {Microtus),  woodmice  { Peromyscus) ,  short- tailed  shrews 
{Blarlna),  red-backed  mice  {Evotomys),  two  species  of  jumping  mice 
{Zapns  Jiudsouius  and  Z.  lusigiiifi),  in  addition  to  the  Synaptomys  here  de- 
scribed. The  Synaptomys  was  taken  in  a  runway  in  the  moss,  beneath  a 
small  fallen  tree. 

Whether  this  species  is  a  wanderer  from  the  Hudsonian  Zone  on  the 
neighboring  mountains,  guided  thence  by  that  ideal  highway,  a  moun- 
tain stream,  or  wiiether  it  is  a  regular  inhabitant  of  the  Canadian  Zone 
throughout  this  region,  is  an  interesting  question,  to  be  solved  by  future 
investigations. 


Vol.  XIII,  pp.  47-51  May  29,  1899 

PROCEEDINGS 

OF   THK 

BIOLOGICAL  SOCIETY  OF  WASHINGTON 


THE  EYE  OF  BYBLIS  S ERRATA. 
BY  SYLVESTER  D.  JUDD,  Pir.  D. 


Bijhlis  serraia  is  an  Ainplii[)od  Crustacean,  which  l)elongs  to 
the  famil}'  Gammavidx,,  l)ut  has  totally  different  eyes  from  Gam- 
mnrus.  A  pair  of  these  eyes  projects  from  either  side  of  the 
cei)halon  and  an}^  one  of  tliem  calls  to  mind  the  vertebrate 
eye,  because  it  has  a  biconvex  lens  and  a  fluid-filled  space  with 
a  retina  below.  A  section  through  the  chief  axes  of  the  eye 
of  Bijhlis  would  first  show  a  large  lens,  which  has  been  secreted 
in  concentric  shells  by  a  thickened  layer  of  lentigen,  Fig.  4,  I. 
continuous  on  either  side  with  the  thinner  hyi)odermis  A,  which 
is  gorged  with  scarlet  })igment  that  envelops  the  eye  |ike  a  cornu- 
copia, thus  shutting  out  all  the  ra3^s  that  might  reach  the  retina 
without  first  passing  through  the  lens.  Under  the  lentigen  is  a 
humor  space,  s.  Below  and  i)roximal  to  this  s[)ace  is  a  layer  of 
cokunnar  cells,  x,  which  is  continuous  on  either  side  with  the 
hypodermis.  This  layer  of  cells  has  secreted  a  strong  cuticula 
on  its  outer  l^oundary,  which  borders  on  the'space,  and  just  })rox- 
imal  to  this  layer  are  the  omatidia  (which,  of  course,  lack  the 
corneal  cuticula).  The  most  distal  element  of  an  omatidium  is 
a  granular  columnar  body  (cell  product),  r.  Below  and  proximal 
to  this  body,  the  remainder  of  the  omatidium  with  its  refractive 
cone  and  retinulais  practically  identical  with  the  omatidium  of 
GammdVHS,  minus  of  course,  the  corneal  cuticula,  for  in  the  re- 
tinula  of  both  crustaceans  there  are  five  retinal  cells  with  pig- 
ment and  four  rhabdomeres. 

Methods. 

The  material  employed  in  studying  the  eye  of  Byhlis  serrata 
was  obtained  at  Mr.  Alexander  Agassiz's  laboratory,  at  Newport, 

l:i— Hicji..  Sor.  Wash.,  Voi,.   XIII,  18',)',)  (4T) 


48  Jvdd—The  Eye  of  Byhlis  srrrafa. 

R.  I.,  during  the  summer  of  1893,  by  skimming  the  surfece  of 
Narragansett  Bay  with  a  tow-net  at  niglit.  Various  killing  re- 
agents were  tried,  but  the  majority  of  specimens  used  and  those 
giving  the  best  results  were  killed  in  Kleinenberg's  picro-sul- 
phuric  acid.  Sections  were  cut  on  a  Minot-Zimmerman  micro- 
tome and  stained  with  Kleinenberg's  hematoxylin  diluted  with 
two  parts  of  70  per  cent  alcohol,  and  then  decolorized  in  acid 
alcohol  for  ten  minutes.  This  work  was  done  under  the  direc- 
tion of  Dr.  E.  L.  Mark,  of  Harvard  University. 

S'l'RrCTlTKE   OF   THE    EyE. 

Bijblis  serntta  possesses  two  pairs  of  crater-like  eyes.  One  pair  is  a  little 
anterior  to  the  other,  and  also  somewhat  nearer  the  sagittal  i)lane  of  the 
animal.  The  axis  of  the  anterior  pair  makes  a  very  acute  angle  with  tlie 
chief  axis  of  the  body,  pointing  forward  and  upward.  The  ventral  pair 
of  eyes  points  downward  and  backward.  In  the  living  animal  both  pairs 
of  ej'es  have  a  bright  red  appearance,  owing  to  the  presence  of  a  large 
amount  of  red  jjigment  surrounding  the  lens. 

The  component  parts  of  the  eye  are  best  seen  in  sections  passing  tlirough 
the  chief  axis.  Beneath  the  thickened  cuticula  which  constitutes  tlie 
single  lens  is  the  succession  of  cell  layers  and  cell  products,  wliich  col- 
lectively form  a  roughly  spherical  mass,  connected  at  its  deep  end  by 
nerve  fibers  with  the  optic  ganglia.  Unlike  the  eyes  of  most  Crustacea, 
which  are  the  type  known  as  compound  eyes,  in  which  clusters  of  cells 
called  omatidia,  acting  independently  of  one  another,  are  provided  each 
with  its  own  proportion  of  modified  cuticula,  the  eyes  of  Bijblls,  although 
composed  of  clusters  of  cells,  in  some  ways  comparable  with  omatidia, 
nevertheless  have  but  a  single  lens,  so  that  they  have  a  superficial  resem- 
blance to  the  eyes  of  spiders  and  other  arachnids. 

After  I  had  studied  this  new  and  peculiar  type  of  eye  in  detail,  Delia 
Valle's  paper*  on  the  '  Gammaridiv  of  the  Gulf  of  Naples'  appeared,  con- 
taining a  figure  and  description  of  this  Same  type  of  eye.  The  amphipod 
studied  by  Delia  Yalle  was  Ainpelinca,  a  genus  closely  allied  to  Bi/ldis,  but 
the  author  had  not  been  able  to  resolve  the  omatidium  into  its  separate 
elements.  In  Ampelisca,  as  shown  by  Delia  Valle's  figure,  the  rods  and 
cones  diff'er  sbghtly  in  shape  from  those  o£  Byhlis.  Further,  there  is  no 
pigment  in  the  hyi)odermis  adjoining  the  lens.  In  the  lentigen  of  J?»- 
pelisca  the  nuclei  are  proi^ortionately  much  larger  than  in  Byhlis,  and  the 

*A  complete  bibliography  of  the  litei-ature  on  the  eyes  of  amphipods 
will  be  found  at  the  end  of  Dr.  G.  H.  Parker's  masterly  paper  entitled 
'The  Compound  Eyes  in  Crustaceans'  (Bull.  Mns.  Comp.  Zool.,  XXI, 
1S91).  The  only  recent  histological  paper  on  the  eyes  of  anii)hipods  of 
the  family  Gaxitiiaridic  is  in  Antonio  Delia  Valle's  '  Gammarini  del  Golfo 
di  Napoli'  (Fauna  und  Flora  des  Goifes  von  Neapel,  XX,  pp.  lOS-ll'i, 
Tav.  46,  Figs.  4-(),  1893). 


The  Eye  of  By  b  lis  scrrata. 


40 


lens  shows  no  stratification.  But  tlie  great  and  important  differences  are 
that  the  eye  of  Ampelisca  has  no  humor  space,  lacks  the  middle  layer  of 
the  eye  of  Byblis,  wliile  the  latter  possesses  pigment,  middle  layer,  and 
finid-filled  space. 


Details  of  Histological  Elements  op  the  Eye. 

Lens. —The  lens  is  about  the  same  size  in  each  of  the  four  eyes.  Its  out- 
line is  almost  exactly  circular  in  a  surface  view,  and  the  curvature  of  the 
superficial  and  deep  surfaces  is  nearly  the  same.  Fig. -4,  len.  The  lens, 
which  is  only  a  modification  of  the  cuticula,  shows  even  more  plainly 
tlian  the  latter  its  com- 
position of  successive 
layers,  the  markings  be- 
ing as  is  commonly  the 
case  in  lenses  which  are 
strongly  convex,  more  or 
less  concentric. 

Lenligen.  —  There  are 
three  distinct  layers  be- 
neath the  lens,  whicli  in 
passing  from  the  surface 
to  the  deeper  portions  I 
shall  call  respectively  len- 
tigen,  middle  layer,  and 
retina.  The lentigen con- 
sists of  a  single  layer  of 
elongated  ceils  which  ra- 
diate more  or  less  regu- 
larly from  the  lens  as  a 
center,  Fig.  4,  I.  They 
are  of  unequal  lengths, 
those  of  tlie  center  being 
longest,  and  those  nearer 
the  margins  of  the  lens 
successively  shorter,  so 
that  the  deep  surface  of 
the  lentigen  is  usually 
hemisi>herical     with     a 

tendency  to  a  conical  form.  The  transition  to  the  unmodified  hypo- 
dermis  is  nevertheless  quite  abrupt.  The  nuclei  of  the  lentigen  cells  are 
closely  crowded  in  a  single  layer  at  the  deep  surface  of  the  lentigen — often 
so  closely  that  they  are  nearly  twice  as  long  as  broad  They  are  granuhu 
and  have  distinct  nuclear  membranes.  The  hypodermis  underlying  the 
cuticula  that  surrounds  the  lens  is  filled  with  roughly  spherical  granules 
of  pigment.  The  hypodermal  cells  form  a  single  layer  of  epithelium,  but 
^he  pigment  obscures  this  structure  to  such  an  extent  that  it  is  almost 
mpossible  to  make  out  the  cell  boundaries.     In  some  sections,  where 


Fi(i.  4. — Diugraniniatio  section  of  right  vyr.  ol'  |i(]ste 
rior  pair,  slightly  ohliquely  transverse  to  cliiof  axis  of 
body  :   Icn,  lens  ;  I,  lentigen  ;  h,  hyporlermis  ;  s,  space  ; 
.<■,  middle  layer  of  cells  ;   r,  rods;    c,  cones;    ret.,  reti- 
nute;   nil,  nuclear  region  of  retina.     X  350. 


)0 


.1 11(1(1 — Tlic  Eii<:  of  llijblh  ncrrdfd. 


this  layer  has  been  ruptured,  nuclei  are  found  which  are  supplied  with  a 
well  defined  membrane  surrounding  granular  contents.  So  far  as  the 
nuclei  are  concerned,  these  pigmented  hypodermal  cells  do  not  differ 
materially  from  the  adjacent  hyijodermal  cells  that  are  lacking  in  pig- 
ment, Fig.  5,  h. 

Space. — Below  the  lentigen  is  a  large  space,  which,  in  the  living  animal, 
is  probabh'  filled  with  fluid,  for  in  none  of  my  preparations  is  there  any 

trace  of  structural  ele- 
ments. A  conception  of 
the  form  of  this  space  may 
be  obtained  by  taking  a 
truncated  cone  of  plastic 
modeler's  clay  and  th  rust- 
ing into  the  truncated  sur- 
face a  sphere,  and  suppos- 
ing that  there  is  a  con- 
vexity corresponding  to 
this  hemispherical  de- 
2>ression  Inilging  out  from 
the  base  of  the  cone. 
This  modified  truncated 
cone  (the  space)  has  its 
base  formed  by  the 
slightly  curving  distal 
surface  of  the  cells  of  tlie 
middle  layer,  Fig.  4,  ,r,  and 
the  truncated  surface  is 
depressed  by  the  in- 
wardlv  ])rojecting  hemi- 
spherical lentigen.  Fig. 
4,1. 
That  this  space  is  not 


Fui.  5. —Suction  of  left  eye  of  the  i)osterior  and  ventrnl 
pail-,  transverse,  to  axis  of  body.  Lens  erinlvled  and  liy- 
IHidcrniis  raptured  (abbreviations  as  iu  Fig.  4).     X  :iU(l. 


artilicially  produced  by  shrinkage  and  consequent  separation  of  the 
lentigen  from  the  middle  layer  of  cells  is  sufficiently  evident  from  the 
constancy  of  its  presence  and  form,  but  even  more  certainly  from  the 
fact  that  the  deep  surface  of  the  lentigen  and  the  outer  surface  of  the 
middle  layer  cannot  be  imagined  to  have  been  in  contact,  for  if  they  had 
been,  such  separation  would  have  produced  ragged  ruptures  and  given 
conditions  not  shown  in  my  series  of  slides. 

Middle  layer. — Below  and  proximal  to  the  .^^pace  is  a  single  layer  of  co- 
lumnar cells.  Fig.  4,  .(■.  like  the  lentigen,  this  layer  is  thickest  in  the 
nnddle,  and  diminishes  very  gradually  and  uniformly  in  thickness  to- 
ward the  margin.  The  contents  of  these  cells  are  granular.  The  nuclei 
are  situated  in  the  proximal  ends  of  the  cells,  and  have  coarsely  granular 
contents  and  very  faint,  if  any,  nuclear  membranes.  The  cells  have  re- 
nuukal)iy  well-defined  cell  walls.  Tiuit  this  layer  was  not  attached  to  and 
sul)sequently  torn  away  from  the  lentigen  by  the  microtome  knife  seems 
to  be  clearly  shown  by  the  fact  that  this  middle  layer  has  secreted  on  its 
distal  surface  bordering  the  sjiace  a  thick  cuticular-like  structure. 


The  Eye  of  Byblis  serrata.  51 

Turning  now  to  the  parts  of  the  eye  lying  proximal  to  the  middle  layer 
of  cells,  we  notice  that  in  all  these  deeper  portions,  which  apparently  cor- 
respond to  the  rods,  cones,  and  retinnlaj  of  Delia  Valle,  there  seem  to  be 
no  nuclei,  except  those  lying  at  the  proximal  or  bottom  part  of  the  eye, 
which  is  clearly  the  nuclear  region  of  the  retina.  The  omatidia  embrace 
at  least  the  rods,  cones,  and  retinulte. 

Rods. — The  rods  lie  immediately  beneath  and  proximal  to  the  middle 
layer  of  cells,  from  which  they  are  separated  by  a  distinct  line.  The 
rods.  Fig.  4,  )■,  are  somewhat  more  numerous  than  the  cells  in  the  middle 
layer.  They  are  columnar,  about  as  tall  as  the  longest  cells  of  the  middle 
layer,  but  some  of  the  marginal  ones  are  shorter.  The  rods  are  coarsely 
granular.  In  oblique  frontal  sections  through  the  chief  axis  of  the  eye 
there  is  an  indication  that  each  rod  may  possibly  be  made  up  of  two  parts. 

Cones. — Beneath  and  proximal  to  each  rod,  and  in  close  connection  with 
it,  is  a  crystalline  cone,  Fig.  4,  c,  which  has  a  rounded  cubical  form  and 
is  highly  refractive.  Each  cone  is  homogeneous  except  for  a  white  space 
that  usually  occurs  within  its  body.  These  spaces  often  have  the  appear- 
ance of  more  or  less  spheroidal  cavities  or  vacuoles,  but  such  vacuoles 
generally  indicate  the  plane  of  separation  between  the  two  component 
parts  of  the  crustacean  cone.  This  apparent  resolution  of  the  cone  into 
two  parts  seems  to  be  indicated  in  cross-sections  by  two  opposite  sharp 
indentations  of  the  outline. 

Retinidx. — Closely  adhering  to  each  cone  is  a  bundle  of  live  fusiform 
elements.  Fig.  4,  ret.  The  ))undle  at  a  deep  level  becomes  resolved  into 
its  separate  elements,  and  at  a  still  deeper  level  closely  packed  nuclei  of 
the  retinula  cells  are  found.  Figs.  4  and  5,  nu.  These  nuclei,  which  are 
completely  filled  with  deeply  stained  granules,  are  flask-shaped.  A  cross- 
section  through  a  fusiform  bundle  shows  five  granular  retinula  cells  clus- 
tered about  a  highly  refractive  rhabdome  composed  of  four  rhabdomeres. 
At  the  jilace  where  the  bundles  are  resolved  a  considerable  amount  of 
pigment  is  seen.  In  a  cross  section  five  r-  thick  each  retinal  cell  contains 
about  two  grains  of  pigment.  Nerve  fibers  have  been  traced  from. the 
optic  ganglia  to  the  region  of  the  nuclear  layer  of  the  retina,  but  the  exact 
connection  with  the  i-etinal  cells  was  not  clearly  seen. 

Conclusions. 

The  eye  oi  ByhUs  serrata,  with  its  large  lens,  humor  space,  and  complex 
omatidia,  seems  to  be  a  compound  eye  built  on  the  general  plan  of  a 
simple  ocellus,  but  also  furnished  with  a  space  whose  function  may  be 
like  that  of  the  vitreous  humor  space  of  the  vertebrate  eye.  The  true 
significance  of  this  peculiar  eye  awaits  the  deft  touch  of  the  embryologist, 
who,  in  taking  up  this  sense  organ,  will  certainly  enter  a  field  where  much 
is  to  be  learned  concerning  the  morpliology  of  the  arthropod  e3'e. 

t  I  »  i^  A  rt 


Vol.  XIII,  pp.  53-56  May  29,   L899 

PROCEEDINGS 

OF    THK 

BIOLOGICAL  SOCIETY  OF  WASHINGTON 

/- 

i 

A  NEW  F0S8IL  BEAR  FROM  OHIO.* 
BY  GERRIT  S.  MILLER,  Jr. 


Tlie  United  States  National  Museum  has  recently  purchased 
from  Mr.  W.  G.  Roberts,  of  Middletown,  Ohio,  tl^e  skull  of  an 
extinct  bear  found  by  workmen  on  the  farm  of  a  Mr.  Sommers, 
near  Overpeck  Station,  on  the  C.  H.  &  D.  R.  R.,  four  miles  from 
Hamilton,  Butler  County,  Ohio.  In  regard  to  the  discovery  of 
the  specimen,  Mr.  Roberts  writes  :  "  The  man  who  found  it  was 
digging  a  well.  When  twenty-three  feet  from  the  surface  he 
found  the  skull  lying  on  what  appeared  to  be  a  nest  of  petrified 
sticks.''  Attempts  to  secure  some  of  these  '  petrified  sticks  '  have 
thus  far  failed. 

The  skull,  that  of  a  very  aged  individual,  probably  a  female, 
represents  a  species  somewhat  smaller  than  a  black  bear.  It  lacks 
the  lower  jaw,  but  is  otherwise  only  slightly  imperfect.  Part  of 
the  left  zygomatic  arch  is  missing,  and  the  left  occipital  condyle 
is  broken  away.  These  injuries  are  of  ancient  date.  The  pos- 
terior region  of  the  palate  was  crushed  in  by  the  shovel  or  pick 
that  dislodged  the  skull  from  the  gravel  in  whicli  it  was  im- 
bedded. At  the  same  time  the  occiput  was  severely  cracked 
and  the  right  zygomatic  arch  broken.  The  pieces,  however,  fit 
together  accurately.  Six  teeth  remain  in  place — the  canines,  the 
posterior  premolars,  and  the  posterior  molars.  All  traces  of 
tubercles  had  been  worn  from  the  crowns  of  the  grinding  teeth 
before  the  animal's  death. 

The  skull  differs  from  that  of  any  living  American  bear  in  its 
long,  low  rostrum,  deeply  concave  forehead,  small  braincase, 

*  Published  bj'  permission  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Smithsonian  IiiHtitatiun. 
14— Biui,.  Sor.  Wash.,  Vui..  XIII,  1899  (.-,:!) 


54  Miller — .1  New  Foasil  Bear  j'r<iiu  Ohio. 

and  large  cheekteeth.  The  exthict  North  American  species 
liitherto  described  are  Arciodns  pristiaus  Leidy,  Ursus  amplklens 
Leidy,  U.  aiiierlcanas  fossilis  Leidy,  Arctotheriumsimum  Cope,  and 
Ursus  haplodon  Cope.     These  may  be  examined  chronologically. 

Ardodus  pristinus  Leidy  (Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Philadel})hia, 
VII,  p.  90,  June,  1854),  from  the  sands  of  the  Ashley  River,  South 
Carolina,  is  a  small-toothed  species  in  no  way  closely  related  to 
that  represented  by  the  Ohio  specimen. 

Ursus  amplidens  Leid}'^  (.Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Philadelphia, 
N.  S.,  Ill,  p.  168,  November,  1856),  from  "  a  ravine  in  the  vicinit}^ 
of  Natchez,  Mississippi,"  is  known  from  a  penultimate  upper 
molar,  and  a  left  mandibular  ramus  with  the  posterior  tooth  in 
place.  The  specimen  is  thus  exactly  complementary  to  the  Oliio 
skull.  The  only  common  ground  for  comparison  between  the 
two  is  the  size  of  the  molar  figured  by  Leidy  and  the  space  for- 
merly occupied  by  the  homologous  tooth  in  the  Ohio  speci- 
men. Although  the  two  correspond  in  a  genei'al  way,  this  fact 
alone  is  obviously  insufficient  to  establish  specific  identity. 

Ursus  aviericanu.s  fossilis  Leidy  (Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila- 
deli)hia,  N.  S.,  Ill,  p  169,  November,  1856),  discovered  in  the 
same  ravine  that  contained  the  remains  of  Ursus  amplidens,  is  a 
small-toothed  bear  closely  related  to  the  existing  black  l)ears, 
though  ])robably  distinct  from  any  recent  species. 

Ardotheriuin  sim:uvi  Cope  (American  Naturalist,  XIII,  }>.  791, 
December,  1879;  ibid.,  XXV,  p.  997,  November,  1891),  from 
Shasta  County,  California,  is  readily  distinguishable  from  the 
Ohio  specimen  by  its  generic  characters  and  exceedingly  short 
rostrum. 

Ursns  Jiaplodou  Co[)e  (Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Philadelphia,  1896, 
p.  383),  from  Port  Kennedy,  Pennsylvania,  is  a  very  large  animal, 
the  jaws  of  which  "  exceed  the  average  dimensions  of  the  grizzly 
l)ear."  Through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Witmer  Stone  I  have  Ijeen 
enal)led  to  examine  some  of  the  material  on  which  this  species 
was  based.  This  shows  that  the  skull  of  Ursus  haplodon  was 
even  more  massive  than  that  of  the  grizzl}'  bears,  and  therefore 
nearly  doul)le  the  weight  of  the  Ohio  specimen,  with  which, 
therefore,  the  s[)ecies  requires  no  special  comparison. 

The  animal  represented  l)y  the  Ohio  s[)ecimen,  as  none  of  the 
names  based  on  fossil  North  American  l)ears  are  ap[)licable  to  it, 
ma}'  I)e  called  : 


A  New  Fans  i.  I  Bear  fro  m  Ohio.  55 

Uisus  procerus  sj).  nov. 

I'l/pe  No.  4214,  United  States  Niitional  Museum. 

General  characters. — Skull  about  as  long  as  that  of  the  black  bears  {e.  </., 
Ursiis  americanus  and  U.  florldanus) ,  but  much  more  slender.  Braincase 
smaller  and  rostrum  larger  than  in  the  black  bears,  foreliead  deeply 
concave.  Canine  teeth  as  in  Ursns  americanus,  but  molars  fully  as  large 
as  those  of  Ursns  arctog  and  the  grizzly  bears. 

SkuJl. — Viewed  from  above,  the  skull  of  Ursus  procerus  differs  from  that 
of  U.  americamis  and  U.  florldanus  principally  in  the  position  of  the  post- 
orbital  processes  I'elatively  to  the  total  length  of  the  skull.  In  the  Ijlack 
bears  the  distance  from  the  tip  of  the  nasals  to  a  line  joining  the  tips  of 
the  postorbital  processes  is  contained  nearly  or  quite  twice  in  that  from 
the  latter  point  to  inion.  In  U.  procerus  it  is  contained  barely  one  and 
one-half  tiuies.  Postorbital  processes  short  and  blunt.  Antinion  broader 
and  longer  than  in  U.  americanus,  strongly  concave  anteriorly,  very  little 
elevated  laterall)'  and  posteriorly.  The  horizontally  expanded  basal  re- 
gion of  the  zygoma  is  about  as  broad  as  in  U.  americanus,  but  the  shelv- 
ing portion  of  the  squamosal  beliiml  the  zygoma  is  much  narrower  and 
more  concave.  The  zygomatic  arch  as  a  whole  stands  out  more  widely 
from  the  side  of  the  skull  than  iu  U.  americanus.  In  this  respect  it  sug- 
gests the  grizzly  bears. 

Viewed  from  the  side,  the  striking  peculiarities  of  the  skull  become 
fully  apparent.  The  rostrum  is  so  long,  and  its  dorsal  outline  so  nearly 
parallel  with  the  alveoli,  that,  combined  with  the  general  length  and 
shallowness  of  the  braincase,  it  gives  the  skull  a  strongly  canine  asjiect. 
Distance  from  posterior  border  of  infraorbital  foramen  to  front  of  pre- 
maxilla  nearly  one  and  one  half  times  dei>th  of  rostrum  through  infra- 
orbital foramen.  In  Ursus  americanus  and  U.  floridanus  the  same  distance 
scarcely  exceeds  the  depth.  The  zygomatic  arch  as  a  whole  does  not 
differ  noticeably  from  that  of  U.  ajnericanus,  though  its  anterior  base  ap- 
pears to  Ije  somewiiat  more  lightly  built.  Braincase  long  and  low.  Oc- 
cijiital  condyle  larger  than  in  the  black  bears  (fully  as  large  as  in  U.  hor- 
ribilis)  and  standing  out  much  more  conspicuously  behind  the  parocci[iital 
process.  Sagittal  crest  and  lambdoid  crest  well  developed,  but  not  un- 
usually large.     Inion  strongly  overhanging. 

Viewed  from  beneath,  the  most  striking  peculiarities  of  the  skull  of 
Ursus  procerus  are  the  length  and  breadth  of  the  palate  and  the  narrow- 
ness of  the  occipital  region.  The  palate  is  nearly  as  long  and  fully  as 
broad  as  in  tiie  skull  of  a  grizzly  bear  the  basal  length  of  which  is  40  mm. 
greater  than  that  of  U.  procerus.  The  hinder  part  of  the  palate  is  so  much 
injured  that  its  exact  form  cannot  i)e  determined ;  but  so  far  as  the  frag- 
ments may  be  taken  as  a  guide  the  posterior  palatal  region  did  not  differ 
appreciably  from  the  corresjiondiiig  i>art  of  the  black  bear's  skull.  In- 
terpterygoid  fossa  wider  than  in  Ursus  americcmus.  Distance  from  me- 
dian line  of  basioccipital  to  outer  side  of  mastoid  process  12  mm.  less  than 
in  the  type  skull  of  Ursus  floridanus  with  approximably  ecpial  basal  lengtli. 
Audital  bullae  smaller  than  in  U.  americanus  and  U.  florida)iu,s,  l)ut  not 
different  in  form.     Glenoid  fossa  as  in  U.  americanus. 


.s 


56  Miller — .i  New  Foasil  Bear  from  Ohio. 

The  occiput,  viewed  from  bebind,  is  narrower  and  lower  tbaii  in  tlie 
black  bears.     This  increases  the  apparent  size  of  the  zygomatic  arches. 

Teeth. — The  teeth  are  so  worn  that  all  trace  of  their  tuberculation  is  lost. 
In  form  they  do  not  appear  to  differ  noticeably  from  those  of  U.  americanvs. 
In  size,  however,  the  molars  and  premolars  fully  equal  those  of  UrKii.^' 
horrihUh,  though  the  canines  are  no  larger  than  in  a  specimen  of  U.  aiiwr- 
icainti<,And  considerably  smaller  than  in  the  skull  of  U.  JloridannK  to 
which  reference  has  already  been  made. 

Measurements. — The  following  measurements  were  taken  with  dividers. 
They  therefore  in  no  case  follow  the  outline  of  the  bone. 

Greatest  length  ol7.     Basal  length  290.     Basilar  length  (estimated)  273. 

Tip  of  nasals  to  line  joining  tips  of  postorbital  processes  1 10. 

luion  to  line  joining  tips  of  postorbital  processes  173. 

Z3'gomatic  breadth  176.     Mastoid  breadth  124. 

Breadth  across  postorbital  processes  97. 

Breadth  of  rostrum  across  bases  of  canines  68. 

Least  breadth  of  rostrum  63.     Laclirymal  breadth  75. 

Gi'eatest  Ijreadth  of  braincase  above  roots  of  zygomata  92. 

Fronto  palatal  depth  (opposite  anterior  ))ase  of  first  molar)  53. 

Occipital  depth  between  audital  bullfe  80. 

Breadth  of  palate  between  posterior  ends  of  last  molars  45. 

Breadth  of  palate  at  (and  including)  anterior  ends  of  last  molars  79. 

Least  breadth  of  palate  between  second  premolars  45. 

Length  of  palate  from  gnathion  to  plain  of  posterior  edges  of  last 
molars  130.     Greatest  width  of  interpterygoid  fossa  32. 

Length  of  glenoid  fossa  48.     Length  of  occipital  condyle  36. 

Breadth  of  occipital  condyle  16.6.     Length  of  audital  bulla  40.6. 

Canine  at  edge  of  alveolus  20  x  13.     Diastema  21. 

Distance  from  anterior  edge  of  large  premolar  to  posterior  edge  of  last 
molar  (crowns)  73.     The  same  (alveoli)  72. 

Crown  of  large  premolar  16  x  13.    Alveolus  of  anterior  molar  21 .8  x  15.4. 

Space  between  crowns  of  large  premolar  and  posterioi'  molar  23. 

Crown  of  last  molar  36  x  18.8. 

Reniurls. —  Ursiis  ^n-ocerus  represents  a  type  of  bear,  quite  dilferent  from 
those  found  among  living  members  of  the  genus,  characterized  by  elon- 
gation and  depression  of  the  rostrum  accompanied  by  reduction  in  the 
braincase.  While  the  rostrum  is  lengthened  and  broadened  to  dimen- 
sions equal  to  those  of  the  corresponding  parts  in  the  grizzly  bears,  its 
depth  is  even  less  than  in  the  black  bears,  which  the  animal  as  a  whole 
probal)ly  resembled  in  size.  Though  the  canines  are  small,  the  molar 
teeth  are  ]M-obably  relatively  larger  than  in  any  other  known  bear.  This 
disproportion  in  the  sizes  of  the  canines  and  molars  may  be  partly  sexual, 
if  I  am  right  in  supposing  that  the  tyi>e  skull  is  that  of  a  female.  The 
characters  of  the  skull  and  teeth  are  all  opposed  to  those  of  the  species  of 
Arcloiherhun.  With  the  other  extinct  American  bears  no  close  compari- 
son can  be  made.  Ursus  procerus  is  not  nearly  related  to  the  living  black 
bears  or  grizzly  bears.  Of  neither  of  these  can  it  be  regarded  as  a  directly 
ancestral  tyi)e. 


Vol.  XIII,  pp.  57-59  May  29,  1899 

PROCEEDINGS 

OF    THE 

BIOLOGICAL  SOCIETY  OF  WASHINGTON 


A  NEW  MOOSE  FROM  ALASKA/!^ 
BY  GERRIT  S.  MILLER.  Jr. 


The  Moose  of  Alaslva  has  long  been  known  to  be  the  largest  of 
American  deer,  Init  hitherto  it  has  not  been  directly  comj)ared 
Avith  true  Alces  ameriavmis.  During  the  snmmer  of  1898  Mr. 
Dall  ])e  Weese,  of  Canon  City,  C'olorado,  sj)ent  three  months  on 
the  Kenai  Peninsula,  Alaska,  in  quest  of  large  mammals  for  the 
United  States  National  Museum.  Of  the  Moose,  the  special 
object  of  his  search,  he  secured  four  males  and  two  females. 
Tiiese  specimens  show  that  the  Alaskan  Moose  differs  consider- 
ably from  the  animal  inhabiting  the  eastern  United  States  and 
eastern  and  central  Canada.  To  the  latter  the  specific  names 
(iine.ricfuiHS,^  lobatus,X  and  iiMnva  §  have  been  applied.  I  can  find 
no  name,  however,  based  on  the  Alaskan  animal,  which  may  l)e 
called : 

Alces  gigas  sp.  nov. 

Ti/pi'  adult  cf  (skin  and  skull),  No.  861(3(),  United  States  National  Mu- 
seum, collected  on  the  north  side  of  Tustuniena  Lake,  Kenai  Peninsula, 
Alaska,  in  September,  1898,  by  Dall  De  Weese.     Original  number  Ki. 

(jtnirml  cJiamders. — A  larger,  more  richly  colored  animal  than  the 
eastern  moose.  Skull  with  occipital  portion  narrower,  palate  broader, 
and  mandible  much  heavier  tiian  in  Alces  americanus. 

*  Published  by  permission  of  Secretary  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution. 

f  Alcea  americanus  .Tardine,  Naturalists'  Library,  XXI  (Mammalia — 
Deer,  Antelopes,  Camels,  &v..),  p.  125,  is;>5.     Eastern  North  America. 

XCervuJ  luhatus  Agassiz,  Proc.  Boston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  IT,  ]).  188,  184(!. 
Eastern  North  America. 

^,  Aires  nwsiaa  Richardson,  Zoiil.  \'()yagi'  of  M.  M.  S.  '  Herald,'  V^erti!- 
brals,  !>.  102,  1852.     Central  Canada. 

l.-|-Hi(H,.  Sue.  Wash.,  Vui,.  XIII,  Isiili)  (57) 


58 


311  Ihr — A  Nov  MooHc  from  Afasl-n. 


Color. — General  color  a  grizzle  of  black  and  woodbrown  darkening 
along  spine  and  changing  abruptly  to  clear  black  on  chest,  l)uttocks,  and 
lower  part  of  sides.  Median  line  of  belly  hairbrown.  Leg8  hair-])rown 
or  broccoli-brown  with  darker  shading.  Head  like  back,  but  more  finely 
grizzled.     Ears  yellowish  white  internally,  broccoli-brown  externally. 

Skull  and  teeth. — The  skull  of  Aires  gigds  differs  from  that  of  A.  aineri- 
canm  in  iis  larger  size  and  greater  massiveness,  as  well  as  in  certain  de- 
tails of  form.  Chief  among  the  latter  is  the  great  breadth  of  the  palate, 
relatively  to  the  length  of  the  toothrow.  In  three  males  of  .1.  f/igns  the 
ratio  of  least  palatal  breadth  (between  anterior  premolars)  to  length  of 
toothrow  is  respectively  47.1,  47.1, and  44.7.  In  three  males  of  A.  amrri- 
canus  it  is  only  36,  36,  and  39.  In  this  respect  .4/ce.s , 9 1'^a.s  resembles  Aires 
aires,  though  the  Alaskan  animal  shows  no  approach  to  the  conspicuous 
deepening  of  the  antorbital  portion  of  the  skull,  or  the  peculiar  form  of 
the  jiremaxillary  characteristic  of  the  European  s})ecies.  The  occiput  is 
relatively  higher  and  narrower  than  in  .1.  aiin'rlrdnns.  In  two  males  of 
the  latter  the  ratio  of  depth  between  inion  and  lower  lip  of  foramen  mag- 
num to  greatest  width  acro.ss  paroccipital  processes  is  68.5  and  72.2,  while 
in  three  of  A.  gigas  it  is  SI. 8,  S4.S,  and  87.5. 

Mrasaremenis. — Of  the  following  tables  of  measurements  the  first  is  based 
on  data  furnished  by  Mr.  De  Weese.  The  skull  of  Aires  ameriraivis,  meas- 
urements of  which  are  given  in  the  second,  is  that  of  a  very  large  indi- 
vidual from  Maine,  considerably  older  than  any  of  the  specimens  of 
A.  gigas. 

Extrrnal  Measurements  of  A  Ires  gig((s. 


r 

I 

Number  and  sex -| 

I 

L 

Tip  of  nose  to  l)ase  of  tail 

Tail  vertebne 

Ear  from  crown  .    

Height  at  shoulder 

Shnulder  to  hip 

Kejith  of  l)ody  at  shoulder.  .  .  . 
C'iicumfei'ence  of  body  at  center 
Tip  of  nose  to  angle  of  mouth .  . 


o 

(M 

CD 
CO 


2550 
76.2 

255.7 
1955 
1574 

812 
2032 

152.4 


Of 

00 

1 — I 

CD 


2562 
88.9 

297 
1930 
1651 

851 
2082 

177.8 


-hi 

CO 
00 


2946 
101 
304 

2032 

1701 
914 

2184 
177. 


CD 

00 


2946 
101 
304 

2032 

1727 
927 

2235 
179 


CD 

CD 

CO 

CO 


3048 

lOL 

304 
2034 
1752 

965 
228(i 

177.8 


A  New  Moose  from  Alaska. 


)0 


Cranial  Measurements  of  A  Ices  gigas  a)i<l  A.  americanus. 


Nunil)or  and  sex 


(ireatest  length 

Basal  length 

Itawihvr  length 

Tip  of  premaxilla  to  tip  of  nasal     . .    . 

Median  palatal  length 

Tip  of  in'cniaxilla  to  alveolus  of  first 
tooth  

Greatest  breadth  including  orbits 

Least  bi'eadth  including  orbits  ...... 

Least  width  between  antlers 

Least  widtii  of  frontals  between  orbits 
and  antlers 

Greatest  antorbital  breadth ...    

Zygomatic  l)readth 

Mastoid  breadth .  . . . 

Greatest  width  of  palate  including 
toothrows 

Least  width  of  palate  including  tooth- 
rows  

Gi'eatest  width  of  palate  lietween 
toothrows 

Least  width  of  palate  between  tooth- 
rows   

Upper  toothrow  (crowns) 

Distance  between  ti^ss  of  paroccipital 
processes 

Greatest  width  across  paroccipital  pro- 
cesses      


lip  of 


Distance  from  inion  to  lower 
foramen  magnum 

Depth  l)etween  antlers 

Greatest  expanse  of  antlers , 

Kx|)anse  between,  uppermost  points.  . 

Width  of  palmation   

Least  diameter  l)e.tween  burr  and  first 
tine 

Length  of  mandible     

Dei)th  of  mandible   at  posterior  end 
of  to  ithrow 

Greatest  depth  of  mandible 

Least  depth  of  mandible   

Diastema 

Mandil)ular  toothrow  (crowns) 


Alces  gigas. 


CH- 

CO 

T— I 

CO 


r>i5 

570 
55(1 
275 
355 

230 

218 
H)8 


loo 
203 
147 

143 

105 

90 

68 
147 

85 


122 


470 

59 

223 

30 

180 
158 


to 

t-H 

CO 
oc 


635 
570 
550 

280 
380 

240 
234 
190 
190 

205 
168 
218 
105 

142 

110 

93 

69 
143 

92 

165 

135 

146 

1 530 

]  200 

310 


1 


ro 


62 
230 

31 
180 
152 


■CO 

3 


645 
596 
574 
290 
390 

236 
245 
200 

170 

210 
168 
223 
172 

150 

118 

95 

67 
150 

100 

160 


CO 
CD 

s 

CO 


633 
570 
550 

285 
380 

230 
245 

206 
180 

225 
172 

228 
1()S 

156 

110 

101 

70 
154 

95 

165 


140 

140 

155 

143 

1600 

1580 

1140 

1120 

3(50 

360 

210 

200 

485 

480 

58 

()5 

235 

223 

31 

34 

182 

1S3 

160 

165 

()00 
560 
535 
268 
300 

225 
221 
180 
165 

195 
127 
203 
170 

142 

98 

88 


147 

80 

175 

120 
132 

1330 
760 

380 

172 

460 

59 
225 

27 
170 
160 


Vol.  XIII,  pp.  61-70  September  28,  1899 

PROCEEDINGS 

OF    THE 

BIOLOGICAL  SOCIETY  OF  WASHINGTON 


FERNS  OF  THE  DISMAL  SWAMP,  VIRGINIA. 
BY  WILLIAM  PALMER. 


The  ferns  of  the  Dismal  Swamp  may  be  divided  into  tliree 
distinct  groups  according  to  tlieir  place  of  growth:  (1)  arboreal 
species,  (2)  true  swamp  species,  and  (3)  ground  species.  Tlie 
first  group  may  be  divided  into  two  subdivisions  :  (a)  those 
growing  on  fallen  mossy  trunks,  about  tlie  bases  of  living 
gum  trees,  on  dead  cypress  knees,  bent  gum  roots,  and  on 
decaying  stumps  ;  (b)  those  growing  exclusively  on  trunks  and 
branches  of  living  trees.  The  first  subdivision  (o)  comprises 
the  following  species :  Dnjoj)teris  ma7'ginaJis,  D.  spimdosa,  D. 
gokUeann  celsa,  Polystichv/ni  acrostlchoides,  Aspleniam  pldlyneuron, 
Stnithopteris  regdlis,  S.  clnnamomen,  Botrychhim  obliquam.  The 
second  subdivision  (h)  contains  but  one  species,  Polypodiuvi  poly- 
podioides,  which  grows  exclusively  on  the  trunks  and  larger 
brandies  of  living  trees,  usually  high  u^)  in  the  tops,  and  prob- 
ably on  all  the  species  of  deciduous  trees.  The  true  swamp 
ferns  include  but  two  species,  ]Voodwardia  virgiaica  and  TF.  ureo- 
l(U(i,  which  grow  on  the  peaty  remains  of  former  vegetable  life, 
always  in  wet  places  and  often,  especially  the  former,  in  v^^ater. 

The  ground  ferns  occur,  not  in  the  true  peaty  swamp,  but  in 
the  surrounding  low  sandy  area,  which  nevertheless  constitutes 
a  very  large  jjortion  of  the  Dismal  Swamp.  These  are  Dryopteris 
nnvehi)rar,ea8ls,D.  thelypterls,  Asplenium  filixfcemi iia,  Pteris  aquilina, 
Onocled  sensihilis,  Str'iithopleri^  regalis,  S.  clnnnmomed.  But  one 
fern  ally  (SelagiaeWi  apus)  has  l)een  found. 

A  study  of  many  forms  of  the  life  of  this  vast  swamp  reveals 
the  interesting  fact  of  the  occurrence  in  abundance  of  many 

K;— Bior..  Sue.   Wash.,  Vni..   XIH,  ls!);i  (dl) 


02  Palni'^r — Fern^  of  ilie.  Dhnvil  Swimp,  Virr/iul't. 

southern  and  northern  types.  It  is  a  meeting  ground  where 
many  Austroriparian  forms  reach  their  nortliern  liniit,while  more 
northern  forms  either  find  their  lowest  or  most  southern  Inibitat, 
or  liave  variously  changed  re[)resentatives.  The  causes  of  tliis 
complex;  condition  vary  a(;cording  to  tlie  re(iuirements  of  the 
different  s})ecies  and  the  circumstances  of  their  introduction  into 
the  area.  In  a  general  way  it  may  be  stated  that  species  requiring 
abundance  of  sunlight  and  living  above  the  undergrowth  are 
southern,  while  those  intimately  associated  with  the  surface  of 
the  swamp  are  of  more  northern,  or  of  higher-ground  derivation. 
But  there  are  many  exceptions.  The  swamp  undoubtedly  has 
been  slowly  evolved  from  a  salt-water  lagoon  to  its  jiresent  con- 
dition; hence  all  its  present  life  has  been  introduced  from  sur- 
rounding regions. 

Of  the  ferns  Polypod'mm  polypodia  ides  is  distinctly  Austroripa- 
rian, here  reaching  almost  its  northern  limit.*  Dryopteris  goldie- 
ana  celsa,  though  related  to  an  Alleghenian  form,  is  quite  distinct 
and  is  undoubtedly  its  representative.  The  woodwardias  are 
coastal-swamp  species,  and  though  found  well  into  New  England 
do  not  occur  at  an^^  great  elevation.  The  two  species  of  Strulhop- 
terls  are  most  abundant  at  higher  altitudes  and  owe  their  presence 
here  to  their  swam  [>  habits  and  the  ability  of  the  plantlets  to  find 
a  congenial  home.  They  do  not  fruit  abundantly  and  doubtless 
before  man  interfered  with  the  forest  were  rare.  Seven  other 
species,  Dryopteris  margiaalls,  D.  nooeboraceasis,  D.  thelypteris,  Poly- 
sllchum  (icrosticholdes,  Aspleamin  fillxfceinliia,  Pteris  aquillaa,  Oiio- 
clea  senslhUis,  are  all  higher-ground  species.  With  the  exception 
of  D.  margbialk  they  are  abundant  in  the  general  region  border- 
ing the  swamp.  Botrychiura  obliqaum  also  belongs  in  the  same 
category  and  may  be  common  about  the  swamp.  Two  other 
species  usually  found  on  higher  and  (hyer  ground,  Dryopteris 
spiiiidosa  and  Asplenium  pltitynearon,  are  not  abundant  in  the 
swamp,  and  the  former  was  noticed  but  once  elsewhere.  Both 
are  somewhat  changed  from  the  typical  form,  though  [perhaps 
hardl}'^  sufficiently  to  warrant  se})aration. 

Thus  the  only  species  growing  on  living  trees  is  truly  Austro- 
riparian ;  the  next  is  D.  goldieana  celsa,  which  occupies  a  higher 
habitat  in  the  swamp  than  any  of  the  others  except  D.  spinidosa, 
which  occurs   with  it,  though  not  so  abundantly,  and  which 

*I  have  taken  it  near  Cape  Cliarles  City,  Northainjiton  Co.,  Ya. 


Ferns  of  tlir  Disninl  Swamp,  Virginia.  ()3 

ha?!  also  uuJergone  some  cliauge  on  account  of  its  unusual 
environment. 

Tiie  flooded  condition  of  the  true  peaty  swamp  floor  for  several 
months  of  the  year  prevents  the  growth  of  ground  ferns,  except 
the  water-loving  woodwardias;  therefore  all  the  species  of  the 
swamj)  proper  which  grow  near  the  ground  occur  just  above  the 
high-water  line  and  rarely  more  than  three  feet  above  it. 

A  systematic  examination  of  the  whole  swamp  for  ferns  has  not 
been  possible,  but  enough  has  been  learned  to  show  that  a  number 
of  species  have  adapted  themselves  to  very  unusual  conditions, 
and  tiiat  some  have  undergone  changes  from  the  normal  type. 
The  main  factor  in  determining  the  character  of  the  pteridophytic 
life  is  the  flooded  condition  of  the  swamp  floor  for  several  months 
annually,  but  this  is  less  potent  now  than  formerly. 

LIST  OF  SPECIES. 

1.  Botiychium  obliqiium  Muhl.     Oblique  Grape  Fern. 

On  .Tune  10,  1899,  I  found  four  plants,  growing  with  other  species  on  logs, 
at  the  side  of  Washington  ditch.  They  were  sterile  fronds  of  the  previous 
year's  growth.  The  fronds  are  less  ample  and  the  divisions  sliorter,  more 
rounded  and  more  widely  placed  than  in  any  specimens  from  about  Wash- 
ington.    The  dried  roots  are  stronger,  blackei",  and  more  abundant. 

2.  Struthopteris  *  legalis  (Linn.)  Bernh.     Royal  Fern. 
O.tiniiiKlii  ri'ijidh  Linn.,  Sp.  PI.  p.  lOtio,  175o. 

Ahundant,  usually  in  large  rlumps  scattered  throughout  the  swamp 
and  always  on  dead  stumps  except  in  the  sandy  areas. 

In  many  cases  hundreds  of  dead  persistent  stipes  testify  to  the  great 
age  of  the  clumps.  Just  above  high-water  mark  mosses  have  established 
a  footliold  in  a  broad  ring  around  the  old  knees  of  the  cypresses,  the 
bends  of  gum  roots,  and  logs.  Various  plants,  especially  ferns,  take  root 
in  this  moss  and  often  reach  a  large  size.  The  o»ldity  and  beauty  of  such 
growths  are  striking,  especially  on  a  well-preserved  knee  where  the  red- 
disli  apex  rises  several  inches  above  the  surrounding  moss.  (See  plate  I, 
Fig.  7.) 

*The  ferns  usually  placed  in  Osmunda  evidently  helong  to  Bernhardi's 
genus  Struthopteris  (not  Strutliiopterh  of  authors).  The  essential  features 
of  Bernhardi's  description  are  as  follows:  2L  Struthopteris  mihi.  aSV-»o- 
rrt)i(/<«suhglobosa,  bivalvia.  E.g.  Osmunda regalis.  L.  —  —  Cinnamomea. 
L.  —  —  Claytoniana.  L.  *  *  *.  Obs.  2.  Cane  ne  Struthopteridem 
meam  cum  Struthiopteride  Hall,  confundas.  (Journ.  fiir  die  Botanik, 
Band  2,  126,  1801.) 


64  Palmer — Ferns  of  the  Dismal  Swanky,  Virginia. 

AVlieii  little  sunlight  reaches  these  plants  fruiting  spikes  ax"e  rarely  seen, 
and  usually  but  one  on  a  plant.  Alonj,^  the  outlet  canal,  where  the  trees 
have  been  thinned  and  drainage  is  complete,  the  dryer  and  more  sunny 
conditions  have  alfected  the  fruiting  and  many  variations  showing  ]>ar- 
tial  fertility  were  collected. 

3.  Stiuthopteiis  cinnamomea  (Linn.)  Beriih.     Cinnamon  Fern. 

Osinnii(hi  ciniiiiiiuinii'd  Linn.,  Sp.  PL,  p.  lOfili,  Mo.]. 

Abundant,  usually  with  the  ])recedr!ig species,  l)ut  not  so  partial  to  the 
cypress  knees  and  the  shadier  situations.  Both  species,  but  more  espe- 
cially S.  ciwiamomea,  are  evidently  recent  additions  to  the  true  swamp 
flora;  faraway  from  the  ditches  and  bogie  roads  they  are  rarely  seen. 
This  species  is  usually  very  tall  and  luxuriant,  but  does  not  fruit  as  ex- 
tensively as  in  more  open  and  higber  places.  On  June  9.  1S9".>,  I  found 
two  plants  near  the  head  of  Wasliington  ditch  xn  an  open  place.  They 
had  all  the  pinnules  much  reduced  in  size  and  many  of  the  lower  basal 
ones  were  greatly  elongated  and  often  pinnatifid.  The  plants  were  ex- 
posed to  generous  sunlight  for  pai't  of  the  day,  but  owing  to  their  situation 
on  a  decaying  log  were  necessarily  limited  in  root  moisture. 

4.   Onoclea  sensibilis  Linn.     Sensitive  Fern. 

By  no  means  common  in  thesandj'  area  but  found  maiidy  in  the  streams 
and  ditches  bordering  the  swamp. 

5.  Polystichum  acrostichoides  (Michx.)  Schott.     Christmas  Fern. 

On  .June  3,  1896,  several  luindred  yards  from  the  eastern  end  of  Lake 
Drummond,  I  found  several  dwarfed  plants  on  a  small  well  decayed  log. 
The  largest  frond,  a  fertile  one,  measured  H^  inches  (285  mm.*)  and  1  j  in. 
(441  wide,  with  a  stii)e  4J  (124)  long  Tlie  longest  i)inna  is  -g  (21.5)  long 
and  i  (5.5)  wide.  The  largest  sterile  frond  was  shorter  and  barely  wider. 
The  edges  of  the  pinuje  were  regular  but  very  finely  spinulose.  No  others 
were  found,  but  the  species  is  common  in  the  ravines  near  Suffolk,  al)Out 
fourteen  miles  distant. 

6.  Dryopteris  noveboiacensis  (Linn.)  A.  Gray.     New  York  Fern. 

Where  the  sandy  areas  of  the  swamp  blend  with  the  true  peaty  swamp, 
and  especially  in  the  old  bogie  roads  in  these  dryer  portions  of  the  swamp, 
this  species  is  abundant. 

7.  Dryopteris  thelypteris  (Linn.)  A.  Gray.     Marsh  Fern. 

Found  at  l^ut  one  place,  above  the  head  of  Washington  ditch.  Its  long 
spindling  fronds  were  growing  in  the  bushes  on  the  bank,  but  the  normal 
])lant  was  not  seen. 

*A11  measurements  in  parentheses  are  in  millimeters. 


Ferns  of  the  Dismal  Swamp,  Virginia.  (>5 

8.   Dryopteris  goldieana   celsa  s^uljsp.  nov.     IjOg  Feni. 
(PI.  I,  Figs.  l-(5,  8-12.) 

Stiuctunilly  similar  io  Dryopleris  goldieana  goldieana  (PI. I,  Figs.  13,  14), 
bat  diflfering  in  its  very  erect  habit,  longer  and  narrower  fronds  with 
smaller  and  more  widely  separated  pinnules  and  pinnje,  and  with  the  apex 
regulaily  decreasing  instead  of  crowded  and  suddenly  shortened.  Upper 
l)iisal  pinnules  of  lower  piun;e  either  aljseiit  or  very  much  and  usually 
unequally  reduced.  Fronds  lanceolate  or  lanceolate  oblong.  Stipes  at 
base  densely  covered  with  large  and  richly  alutaceous  scales  with  brown 
centers  and  transparent,  sharply  defined  margins;  upper  scales  paler 
and  almost  uiiiculor.  Type  No.  340,398  National  Herbarium,  Dismal 
Swamp,  Norfolk  County,  Virginia,  June  8,  1899,  William  Palmer  (collec- 
or's  No.  247).  Measurement  of  type,  frond  22j  inches  (523);  longest 
pinna,  the 5th,  5|  (136.5) ;  stipe  12(305).  Fertile  pinme  less  than  \\  (31.5) 
wide;  sterile  basal  pair,  greatest  widtli  IJ  (44.5). 

Measurements  of  twenty  paratypes :  Fronds  10-24  inches  (254-609),  aver- 
age 19  (483).  Stipes:  7-14J  (l''8-368.5),  average  lOi  (267).  Largest  frond 
24  (609.5);  stipe  10}  (261);  longest  pinna,  the  8th,  U  (124;  the  lowest 
l)inna  4  (101.5).  Sterile  fronds  few,  much  smaller  and  less  elongate. 
Three  lower  pairs  of  pinnae  of  fertile  fronds  sterile  or  nearly  so. 

In  habit,  situation,  and  aspect  this  fern  is  quite  unlike  tyi)ical  D. 
gol  lie  t.ii!t.  Itsuggests  D.  floridaiia*  but  differs  in  outline  ;  its  pinnules  are 
not  so  widely  separated,  and  the  shape  of  the  lower  pinnte,  especially  the 
two  lowest,  are  quite  different,  as  shown  in  Figs.  6  and  9-12. 

Its  relationship  to  goldieana  is  shown  by  the  character  of  the  scales  at 
the  base  of  the  stipe  (quite  unlike  tlie  cristata  group),  by  the  reduced  size 
of  the  basal  pinnules  on  the  lower  pinna?,  the  lower  one  being  absent, 
by  the  bioadest  portion  of  the  lower  pinnte  not  occurring  at  the  base, 
and  by  the  peculiar  stalked  character  of  the  rachides  of  the  pinnae,  es- 
pecially the  basal  jiair.  Though  occurring  in  a  swamp  it  is  prac^tically  a 
plaiitofdry  habitat,  as  compared  with  the  broad  herbaceous  D.  goldieana, 
which  grows  on  dump  ground.  The  difference  is  well  shown  by  conq^ar- 
ing  the  tall  and  narrow  1).  cridtda,  characteristic  of  dryer  ground,  with  the 
large,  coarse  D.  cristata  cliiUoniana,  which  grows  in  wetter  places.  This 
apparent  paradox  is  rendered  plain  by  the  statement  that  ceba  does  not 
grow  on  the  ground  of  the  swamp  l)ut  in  moss  on  stumps  and  logs  where 
the  supply  of  moisture  is  liuiited  and  where  the  plants  are  exposed  to  a 
fair,  often  abundant  amount  of  light.  B.  goldieana  grows  in  damj),  rich 
and  well  shaded  situations.  Both  these  plants  are  densely  covered  about 
the  bases  of  the  stipes  with  large  dark  brown  centered  scales,  almost 
black  in  goldieana.,  most  of  which  are  bordered  by  a  narrow,  transparent 
ribbon,  the  contrast  between  the  two  portions  being  sharply  defined. 

In  celsa  the  rachis  is  grooved  in  front  even  to  the  apex,  but  in  goldieana 

*  Dryopteris  floridana  bears  the  same  relation  to  D.  cristata,  or  rather  to 
B.  c.  cliatoniana,  that  B.  g.  celsa  does  to  B.  goldieana. 


66  Palmer — Ferm  of  tlic  Dismal  Swamp,  Virgbiia. 

it  is  stouter,  more  fleshy  and  grooved  for  only  a  short  distance  al)ove  the 
lower  pinna,  or  faintly  further. 

In  D.  crislala,  Jiorkhina  and  in-  cUnlon'uum  the  basal  pinnules  of  all 
the  pinnte  are  largest  and  longest;  in  ceUa  and  goldieana,  some  pinnfe, 
especially  the  apical  ones,  are  similar,  but  the  lower  pinnte,  especially  the 
lowermost,  have  the  j)innules,  even  for  several  pairs,  very  much  reduced. 
In  good  fertile  fronds  o.f  w/srt  and  f/o/ri/Vroia  the  lower  basal  pinnule  of  the 
lowest  pair  of  pinna;  is  always  absent  but  sometimes  present  or  appar- 
ently present  in  some  undersized  fronds.  This  is  often  the  case  in  gol- 
dieana, but  only  occurs  rarely  in  ccl.s(t.  The  basal  pinnules  of  the  upper 
pinn;e  of  both  these  ferns  are  always  Ofiposite  and  very  exactly  so,  but 
they  begin  to  diverge  at  the  centers  of  the  pinna;.  On  the  lower  pinnje 
this  p  dring  is  rare  and  it  is  not  easy  to  determine  whether  the  opposite 
of  the  reduced  upper  basal  pinnule  has  never  been  developed  or  whether 
it  is  represented  by  the  one  occupying  the  adjoining  position.  This  latter 
view  would  seem  to  be  correct,  the  lower  pinnules  having  l)een  gradually 
moved  along  the  rachis  toward  the  tip  during  the  evolution  of  the  form. 
In  very  young  fronds  ( Figs.  5,  8)  there  is  a  wide  space  of  the  lower  pinna 
beneath,  the  jtinnule  seems  forced  away  from  the  rachis  and  the  base 
of  the  midvein  inclines  toward  the  rachis  of  the  pinna  for  some  distance. 
The  same  result  is  shown  in  numerous  young  fronds  of  both  forms.  Fig. 
1-t  represents  the  common  type  of  goldieana,  while  Figs,  (i  and  9-12  are  from 
specimens  of  celsa. 

Bryopteris  goldieana  is  extremely  herbaceous  and  robust,  its  pinnules  and 
pinn;«  being  large  and  often  overlapping.  In  ceha  they  are  always  widely 
separated  ;  both  are  much  narrower,  and  there  is  no  sudden  change  from 
the  long,  wide  pinnte  to  the  shorter,  narrower  one  of  a  crowded  apex  as 
in  goldiraiin.  Tlie  reduction  or  absence  of  the  lower  pinnules  results  in 
producing  a  stalk  for  the  pinn;e,  short  in  goldieana,  longer  in  ceha. 
The  pinna'  of  reha  incline  upwards  very  decidedly,  whereas  in  goldieana 
they  stand  at  a  right  angle  to  the  rachis  or  are  only  slightly  inclined  up- 
wards. These  diflerences  between  the  very  erect  narrow  celm  and  tlie 
broad,  <lroopingand  \\i^\-]v,\v%m\ii  goldieana  result  from  differences  in  hab- 
itat, the  dryer  and  lighter  situation  of  cc/.sa  contrasting  in  its  results  with 
the  gloomy,  damp  habitat  of  goldieana. 

On  July  30,  18IJS),  I  found  two  clumps  of  (/oWtmmt  on  the  Virginia  bluffs 
of  the  Potomac  river  o])posite  Cabin  John  Bridge.  The  first  contained 
over  fifty  plants,  all  with  well  drooping  fronds  and  nearly  all  the  lower  pin- 
nules of  the  lower  pinnae  normal.  These  plants  were  growing  at  the 
foot  of  the  talus  among  the  rocks,  and  the  trees  formed  a  dense  canopy 
overhead.  In  the  second  clump  a  mile  further  down,  in  a  precisely  sim- 
ilar situation,  were  several  dozen  i)lants.  But  here  the  thinness  of  the 
foliage  overhead  permitted  the  sun  to  shine  on  the  plants  for  several 
hours  daily.  The  early  fronds  were  drooping  as  in  the  first  clinnp,  but 
the  later  and  mostly  fertile  fronds  were  more  erect,  and  the  divisions  were 
less  herbaceous  and  consequently  less  crowded,  but  in  no  case  to  the  same 
extent  as  in  relaa. 


Fer)iS  of  the  Dismal  Swainji,  Virginia.  (')7 

Tlie  differences  in  the  cliaracter  of  tlie  lower  Inisal  pinnules  in  these 
two  ferns  is  ecologically  an  interesting  feature.  The  usual  character  of 
these  pinnules  in  goldieaua  is  shown  in  Fig.  14.  In  Fig.  13  is  shown  an- 
other, which  was  growing  in  bright  sunlight,  at  Great  Falls,  Virginia; 
the  shortening  of  the  lower  pinnules  is  evident.  The  first  style  of  frond 
grows  in  damp  well-shaded  situations  and  droops  in  such  a  way  that  a 
[iractically  cijual  amount  of  light  is  received  l)y  all  portions  of  its  upper 
surface.  But  a  difierence  occurs  when  the  light  is  more  aljundant;  then 
the  frond  becomes  strengthened,  that  is,  more  erect,  and  consequently  the 
upper  and  middle  i)ortious  shade  the  lower  pinnie.  A  struggle  thus  en- 
sues between  the  pinnae  for  light.  The  lowermost,  owing  to  their  position, 
are  seriously  handicapped,  but  instead  of  remaining  in  the  same  or 
nearly  the  same  plane,  as  in  the  case  of  well-shaded  fronds,  these  lower 
pinnae  turn  more  toward  the  light,  so  that  their  tips  approach  each  other 
and  their  upper  surfaces  are  turned  nearly  90  degrees,  so  as  to  obtain  the 
light  as  nearly  as  possil)le  i)erpendicular  to  their  plane.  In  pressing 
such  specimens  the  stalks  of  one  or  more  pinnae  are  necessarily  frac- 
tured where  they  join  the  stipe.  In  thus  bringing  the  lower  pinnae  almost 
together  in  order  to  ol)tain  the  greatest  amount  of  light  the  greater  por- 
tion of  each  pinna  is  entirely  successful,  but  at  the  expense  of  the  lower 
pinnules;  especially  so  on  the  lowest  and  less  so  toward  the  middle. 
Tliese  lower  pinnules  are  shaded  not  only  by  their  own  overlapping 
when  the  pinnae  are  flexed, .but  also  by  the  stout  stipe  and  the  pin- 
nules above.  Consequently  they  do  not  receive  a  normal  amount  of 
light  and  therefore  during  the  growing  period  fail  to  develop  perfectly, 
and  are  outstripped  by  the  more  fortunately  placed  middle  pinnules. 
One  extreme  is  shown  in  the  usual  frond  oi  gokileana,  the  other  in  nearly 
every  frond  ot  cdsa.  S])ecimens  of  goUllmna  collected  about  Washington, 
an  intermediate  locality,  altitudinally  and  geographically,  have  these  basal 
pinnules  in  naany  cases  much,  and  often  unequally,  reduced,  but  never 
to  the  extent  of  celsa.  Similarity  of  general  structure  and  the  ecological 
character  of  the  differences  between  these  two  ferns  warrant  the  view 
that  ci'lm  is  a  true  subspecies  of  gokUeaiM,  and  therefore  a  geographical 
i-ace  or  jihysiological  subspecies.  Our  swamp  plant  therefore  is  a  product 
of  abundant  light,  limited  root  moisture,  and  the  struggle  for  e.Kistence 
under  peculiar  conditions,  wliich  do  not,  or  but  very  slightly,  affect  its 
relative. 

\n  June,  1896,  near  the  head  of  Washington  ditch,  I  found  a  few  im- 
mature plants  ofcelsa  and  considered  them  D.  c.  rl'nUo)iiuna.  The  follow- 
ing year,  at  the  same  place,  I  fouml  some  larger  but  imperfect  fertile 
fronds.  This  year,  while  penetrating  the  swamp  north  of  the  outlet 
canal  and  about  eight  miles  east  of  the  other  locality,  I  found  numerous 
plants  ranging,  through  all  stages,  from  those  with  the  first  fronds  and 
the  remains  of  the  prothalli,  to  plants  over  thirty  inches  high.  It  is 
possible  that  this  fern  occurs  in  other  localities  in  the  same  general 
region. 

The  log  fern  grows  in  several  situations.  About  the  base  of  a  large  gum 
tree,  where  there  was  an  accutnulation  of  waste  woodv  matter  and  an 


()8  Palmer — Ferns  of  the  Dismal  Swamp,  Virginia. 

entanglement  of  various  shrubs  and  other  plants,  it  was  abundant  and 
of  all  sizes.  An  odd  location,  and  the  most  common,  was  along  the  carved 
lower  side  of  a  fallen  mossy  trunk  where  the  plants  occupied  a  line  just 
above  high-water  mark.  Usually  such  a  log  was  exposed  to  a  large 
amount  of  light  and  its  upper  surface  was  destitute  of  mosses  and  other 
plants.  On  otlier  logs  usually  situated  in  a  tangle  and  well  shaded,  tlu> 
ferns  grew  in  a  line  along  the  middle  of  the  top,  eitlier  with  several  plants 
of  D.  apimdosn,  a  few  flowering  plants,  or  more  generally  alone.  In  every 
instance  the  rhizome  was  imbedded  in  the  moss  and  the  plants  were  but 
loosely  attached  to  the  wood;  a  pull  on  a  frond  was  generally  sufficient 
to  bring  up  the  whole  plant. 

9.  Dryopteris  marginalis  (Linn.)  A.  Gray.     Marginal  Fern.    . 

A  most  unexpected  surpri.se  was  the  discovery  on  .Tune  10,  1899,  of  a 
single  dwarfed  plant  of  this  rock-haunting  fern.  Four  miles  westward 
from  Lake  Drummond  up  Washington  ditch,  is  a  recently  made  plank 
road  which  runs  a  mile  or  more  into  the  swamp.  Some  distance 
along  this  road  a  large  tree  had  fallen  years  before,  and  on  its  broken  and 
decaying  stump  I  found  the  plant  with  five  fronds,  three  of  which  were 
fertile.  The  largest  measures  8g  inches  (219.5),  and  the  stipe  og  (142..3). 
The  sori  are  not  abundant  and  are  confined  to  the  apex.  There  are  279 
on  the  best  fruiting  frond. 

10.  Dryopteris  spinulosa  (Retz)  Kuntze.     S|)inulose  Fern. 

A  few  large  plants  were  growing  on  logs  with  D.  g.  celsa  and  several  iui- 
mature  plants  were  found  near  the  head  of  Washington  ditch  on  logs  and 
stumps.  They  differ  from  specimens  taken  about  Washington,  D.  C. ,  in 
having  all  the  divisions  narrower  and  more  widely  separated  and  tlie 
apex  lengthened.  The  color  is  a  darker  green.  The  pinnules  are  more  in- 
clined toward  the  rachis,  and  the  pinnre  trend  upward  to  a  greater  extent. 
Some  specimens,  b(jth  large  and  small,  show  a  more  triangular  outline, 
with  longer  lower  pinnje,  and  this  is  evidently  the  tendency  in  i)lants 
growing  in  deep  shade.  In  .Tune,  1890,  the  moutli  of  a  well  near  Suflblk 
had  many  |)lants  growing  between  the  bricks.  All  were  herbaceous  an<l 
dwarfed,  and  the  single  fertile  one  found  had  very  small  sori  near  the 
margin. 

11.  "Woodwardia  virginica  (Linn.)  J.  E.  Smith.    Virginia  Chain-fern. 

Extremely  abundant.  Its  natural  habitat  is  in  the  pools  which  occur 
between  the  elevations  made  by  the  enlarged  bases  of  the  trees,  and  in 
the  cane  swamps  ;  but  wherever  the  swamp  has  been  burnt  out  this  fern 
occurs  in  greater  luxuriance.  Along  the  ten  miles  of  Jericho  ditch  which 
has  been  dug  from  Lake  Drummond  through  the  northern  part  of  the 
swamp,  it  is  very  abundant  and  large,  and  grows  in  the  water  in  dense 
beds  usually  for  many  yards.  The  fronds  are  here  quite  erect  and  face 
the  sun  —i.  e.,  the  plane  of  the  frond  is  at  a  riglit  auglo  to  the  line  of  aver- 


Ferns  of  fJie  DisiiKiJ  SiranijK  Mrfjinld.  <)•> 

age  duration  of  direct  sunlight  received  l)y  tiie  frond  ;  so  that  the  plants 
on  the  east  side  of  the  ditch  face  toward  the  southwest,  while  those  on 
the  west  side  approximate  the  southeast,  often  to  the  east,  according  to  the 
amount  of  foliage  about  them.  The  largest  fr.pnd  collected  measures  2 
feet  lU.l  inches  (970),  its  jet  black  stipe  is  2  feet  9\  inches  long  (955) 
and  greatly  enlarged  at  the  base.  At  the  outlet  canal  at  the  east  end  of 
Lake  Drummond,  where  the  depth  of  the  canal  has  drained  the  adjoining 
swamp,  it  is  abundant  but  harsh  and  less  herbaceous,  and  was  found 
fruiting  abundantly  in  early  June.     Plantlets  were  common. 

12.  Woodwardia  areolata  (Linn.)  Moore.     Narrow  Chain-fern. 

Al>undant  and  growing  with  its  relative  except  in  dryer  situations.  It 
is  connnon  in  low  places  in  the  swamp,  among  the  cane  and  other  vege- 
tation and  about  the  bases  of  the  trees.  Its  delicate  fronds  grow  best 
where  well  protected  from  the  sun  either  by  taller  vegetation  or  in  wet, 
densely  crowded  or  well-shaded  situations.  Prothallium  fronds  and  young 
plants  are  numerous  on  small  decaying  logs  which  are  well  shaded  and 
constantly  wet. 

13.  Asplenium  platyneuron  (Linn.)  Oakes.     Ebony  Spleenwort. 

Near  the  western  end  of  Washington  ditch  a  dozen  or  so  plants  of  vari- 
ous sizes  were  found  growing  on  well-shaded  stumps  near  the  water  and 
mixed  with  numerous  other  plants.  The  fronds  are  all  much  broader 
and  longer  than  specimens  of  similar  age  from  higher  and  dryer  altitudes, 
and  are  more  deeply  and  irregularly  incised.  The  pinnte  are  wider  apart, 
broader,  more  blunt,  and  the  basal  portion  overlaps  the  rachis.  The 
largest  frond  measures  18|  inches  long  (476),  the  longest  pinna  is  If 
inches  (41.5),  and  the  stipe  is  ofg  inches  (88). 

14.  Asplenium  filixfoemina  (Linn.)  Bernh.     Lady-fern. 

Common  throughout  the  sandy  woods  but  not  seen  in  the  peaty  swamp. 
A  green-stemmed  foi-m  was  the  only  one  found. 

15.  Pteris  aquilina  Linn.     Bracken. 

Seen  but  sparingly  near  the  upper  end  of  Jericho  ditch,  where  the 
dredging  has  formed  an  embankment. 

16.  Polypodium  polypodioides  (Linn.)  Hitchcock.     Gray  Polypody. 


s 


Extremely  abundant  but  usually  high  up  in  the  tree  tops.  It  persist 
for  several  years  on  the  fallen  trees  but  linally  succumbs.  It  is  abundant 
on  the  cypresses  standing  in  Lake  Drummond,  where  its  usually  dry 
curled  fronds  may  be  reached  from  a  boat.  In  the  woods  it  is  rarely 
found  where  it  can  be  easily  reached.  In  the  streets  of  Suffolk  it  is 
abundant  in  wide  bands  on  the  trunks  of  the  shade  trees,  usually  grow- 
ing in  dense  masses,  mostly  on  the  northern  sides  and  about  ten  feet  from 
the  pavement. 

17— Bini,.  S.K'.  WASir.,  Vol..  XIII,  ^xm 


70  Palmer — Ferns  of  f lie  Dismal  Swamp,  Virginia. 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  I. 

Figs.  1,  2,  3.  Dryopteris  goldieana  celsa.    First  prothallinm  fronds,  enlari);ed 

about  twice. 
Fig.  4.  Second  frond  of  same,  natural  size. 
Fig.  5.  Tliird  frond  of  same,  slightly  enlarged. 
Fig.  8.  Fourth  frond  of  same,  reduced  one-third. 

Figs.  6,  9,  10,  11,  12.  Lower  basal  pinnules  of  same,  reduced  ono-thiid. 
Fi(i.  \'^.  Dri/opter  is  ffoldieana  goldieana.    Lower  basal  pinnules,  fi-om  jioorly 

shaded  frond,  reduced  one-third. 

Fig.  14.  The  same,  from  an  ordinary  frond. 

Fig.  7.  Plants  growing  in  moss  on  a   dead   cypress  knee   above  higli- 
water  mark. 

Figs.  1-5  were  drawn  from  the  fronds;  Fitrs.  (>  and  8-14  from  tracings  of 
photographs,  the  fronds  being  used  as  negatives. 


PROC.   BIOL.   SOC.  WASH.,   XIII,    1899 


PL.   I 


FIGS.    1-6,  8-12.      DRYOPTERIS  GOLDIEANA  CELSA 
FIGS.   13,    14.      DRYOPTERIS  GOLDIEANA  GOLDIEANA 


Vol.  XIII,  pp.  71-73  September  28,  L899 

PROCEEDINGS 


OF    THK 


BIOLOGICAL  SOCIETY  OF  WASHINGTON 


NOTP]S    OX    TATOUA    ANT)    OTHER    GENERA    OF 

EDENTATES. 

BY  T.  S.  PALMER. 


Some  months  ago  Mr.  Gerrit  S.  Miller,  Jr.,  published  a  i)aper 
entitled  '  Notes  on  the  Naked-tailed  Armadillos,'*  in  which  lie 
showed  that  three  generic  names  had  been  proposed  for  the 
group:  AV/mr((.sby  Wagierin  1830,  Tatoua  by  Gray  in  1865,  and 
Lysi.uras  by  Ameghino  in  1891.  These  names  were  all  based 
on  Ddsypus  unicinclus  Fiinnaius,  and  Xeniirios  being  preoccupied 
in  ornithology,  Taioua  Avas  adopted  as  the  proper  designation  of 
the  genus. 

Since  the  appearance  of  this  j)a})er  I  have  made  a  list  of  the 
genera  of  Edentates  which  has  brought  to  light  two  additional 
names  based  on  Dasijpus  luucinctas,  both  earlier  than  Taioua 
Gray.  These  names  are  Arizostics,  proposed  by  Gloger  f  in  1841, 
and  Cabassous,  published  by  McMurtrie'l  in  1831,  only  one  year 
after  Wagler's  Xenurus.  C'a/;a.s-S'Ou.s  (wiiich  is  credited  to  Cuvier) 
is  merely  a  Latinized  form  of  a  French  term  used  by  Cuvier  and 
Buffon,^  and  taken  from  a  native  name.  McMurtrie  frequently 
ado[)ted  such  names  in  his  translation  of  Cuvier's'  Regne  Animal ' 
and  not  only  transformed  them  into  Latin,  but  accompanied 
them  by  generic  diagnoses  and  brief  descriptions  of  the  species. 
His  reasons  for  adopting  this  course  are  explained  as  follows  : 
"  The  absurdity  of  translating  into  English  the  technical  portion, 
or  the  nomenclature,  was  too  apparent  to  demand  a  moment's 


*  See  antea,  pp.  1-2. 

fHand-u.  Hilfsbuch  d.  Natiirgeschichte,  p.  114,  1841. 

J  Cuvier's  xlnimal  Kingdom,  Am.  ed.,  I,  p.  164,  1831. 

1,S— Bioi,.  Soc.  Wask.,  Vol.  XIII,  18!m  (71) 


72  f'lihncr — iVo/cx  on  tjir  Gnura  of  Edcntafrs. 

consideration — the  genius  of  our  language  forbids  it.  To  have 
left  these  terms  in  French  would  have  been  inexpedient  for  self- 
evident  reasons  ;  and  the  idea  of  giving  a  class  in  Latin,  an  order 
in  French,  &c.,  presented  too  revolting  a  medley.  By  giving 
tliem  all  in  Latin,  the  common  language  of  science,  tliese  objec- 
tions vanished."     (p.  iv.) 

Cabassous,  instead  of  Tatoud,  is  therefoi-e  the  earliest  tenable 
name  for  the  naked-tailed  armadillos,  and  the  species  given  l)y 
Trouessart,  including  the  one  added  b}^  Miller,  will  stand  :  Cabas- 
sous  unicindus  (Linn.),  C.  lorlcatus  (Natt.),  C.  hispidus  (Burm.), 
C.  (Ziphila)  lugubris  (Gray),  and  C.  (Zlphila)  centralis  (Miller). 

Other  French  names  used  by  Cuvier  for  armadillos,  which 
McMurtrie  endeavored  to  preserve  by  putting  them  in  Latin 
form,  are :  Apara^hased  on  Dasypusiricinctus ;  Cachicnmus,  includ- 
ing B.  novemcinctus  and  D.  septemci actus ;  and  Encoubertus,  includ- 
ing D.  sexcinctus  and  D.  octodeciincinctus.  These  names,  however, 
are  untenable,  as  they  were  only  common  names  prior  to  1831, 
and  other  generic  terms  had  previously  come  into  use  for  the 
groups  to  which  they  were  applied.  Thus  Apara  is  antedated  by 
Tolypeutes  Illiger,  1811,  Cachlcamns  by  Tatu  Blumenbach,  1803, 
while  Enconbertits  is  a  synonym  of  Euphractus  Wagler,  1830,  and 
Dasypus  Linnaeus,  1758. 

Thomas*  has  already  called  attention  to  the  fact  that  Cyclopes 
Gray,  1821,  is  the  earliest  tenable  name  for  the  two-toed  anteater 
{Mynnecophaga  didactyla  Linn.),  usually  referred  to  Cyclothuriis. 
But  as  he  merely  mentioned  it  in  a  discussion  of  the  names  in 
Gloger's  '  Handbuch,'  it  has  been  apparently  overlooked,  and  it 
may  therefore  be  worth  while  to  refer  to  it  in  this  connection,  as 
Cyclothurm  still  remains  in  use.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  Cyclothurus, 
although  usually  quoted  as  dating  from  1825,t  is  merely  a  nomen 
nudum  in  this  reference,  and  was  first  published  as  a  valid  genus 
in  1842,  in  Lesson's  '  Nouveau  Tableau  Regne  Animal,,  p.  152. 
There  are  at  least  three  other  genera  based  on  Myrmecophaga 
didactyla:  Eurypterna  Gloger,  184:1,  My rmy don  X  Wagler,  1830, 
and  Didactyles%  F.  Cuvier,  1829,  which  are  actually  earlier  than 
Cyclothurus,  so  that  the  latter  name  is  clearly  untenable  and 
should  give  way  to  Cyclopes. 

*  Ann.  &  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  6th  ser.,  XV,  p.  191,  Feb.,  1895. 
tThomson's  Annals  of  Philos.,  XXVI,  p.  343,  Nov.,  1825. 
JNat.  Syst.  d.  Amphibien,  p.  30,  1830. 
I  Diet.  Sci.  Nat,  LIX,  p.  501,  1829. 


N't/rs  nil  llie  Croiera  uf  K<lciifa(cx.  73 

T<un(indii({,\\\i.id  CijdoUiara^.'xH  us^ually  (juoted  tVoiii  Thoiuson's 
Annals  of  Philosophy  (1.  c,  ]>.  343).  It  wa^,  however,  merely 
published  in  a  list  of  genera  as  '  Taniaiidua,  Gray,  M.  R.,'  and 
the  only  pretense  to  a  descri23tion  consists  of  the  letters  '  M.  R.,' 
referring  to  Gra3''s  paper  in  the  London  Medical  Repositor^^ -^^ 
Tliis  i)aper  contains  the  following  list  of  edentates : 
"  Tamanoir,  Myrinecophaga.     Lin.  M.  jubata.  Lin. 

Tamandua,  Myrniecophaga  tamandua.     Cuv. 

Ant-eater,  Cyclo|)es,  G.  Myrniecophaga  didactyla.     Lin. 

Pargolen  [sic],  Manis.  Manis  pentadactjda.  Lin." 
Here  Tamandua  is  merel}'  a  common  name  and  stands  on  an 
entirely  different  footing  from  Cyclopes.  A  careful  examination 
of  this  paper  will  show  (1)  that  the  names  in  the  first  column  of 
this  list  are  intended  as  common  names,  those  in  the  second  as 
genera,  and  these  are  followed  by  the  type  or  included  species  ; 
(2)  that  when  the  common  name  is  ado[)ted  for  the  genus,  it  is 
usually  repeated;  and  (3)  that  genera  are  usually  (but  not 
always)  followed  by  the  authority,  e.  g.,  Myrmecophnga  Lin.  and 
Cyclopes  G.  Thus  Tamanoir,  Tamandua,  Ant-eater,  and  Pangolin 
are  common  names,  while  Myrniecophaga,  Cyclopes,  and  Manis 
are  genera.  The  first  unquestionable  use  of  Tamandua  as  a 
genus  is  in  IjCssou's  '  Nouveau  Tableau,'  y>.  152, 1842,  where  it  is 
based  on  Myrmecophaga  tetradactyhi  Linn.  But  as  in  the  case 
of  Cyclolhnrus  it  is  antedated,  since  Dryoryx  Gloger,  1841,  and 
rroleptesj  \A^agler,  1830,  were  also  based  on  M.  tdradactyla  (uf 
which  M.  tamandua  is  a  synon3'mj.  Uroleples  has  priority  over 
Dryoryx,  and  is  apparently  the  earliest  tenable  name  for  the 
genus. 


*  Vol.  XV,  p.  305,  Apr.  1,  1821. 

t  Nat.  System  d.  Amphibien,  p.  :!('>,  1830. 


Vol.  XIII,  pp.  75-78  September  28,  1899 

PROCEEDINGS 

OF   THE 

BIOLOGICAL  SOCIETY  OF  WASHINGTON 


A   NEW   TREEFROG   FROM   THE   DISTRICT   OF 

COLUMBIA.* 

BY  (iERRIT  S.  MILLER,  Jk. 


Ill  June,  189o,  Mr.  W.  P.  Hay  added  to  the  known  fauna  of 
tlie  District  of  Columbia  f  a  treefrog  which  he  found  in  con.sid- 
erable  numbers  in  a  marsh  at  Mount  Vernon,  Virginia.  He  {)re- 
sented  eighteen  specimens  of  tlie  animal,  identified  as  Hyla  cinerea 
(Daudin)  (=H.  '  carolinens  is'' ),  to  the  United  States  National 
.Museum.  Two  years  later  Mr.  Hay  collected  si)ecimens  at  Little 
Hunting  Creek,  Va.  Four  of  these  are  now  in  the  National  Mu- 
seum. This  frog  was  first  brought  to  my  notice  early  in  June, 
LSV)8,  when,  in  company  witli  Mr.  A.  H.  Howell,  I  heard  its  notes, 
stiMkingly  diff'erent  from  those  of  the  otlier  l)atrachians  of  the 
region,  at  Four  Mile  Run,  Va.  A  week  later  seven  were  captured 
li^re  l)y  Mr.  Howell  and  Mr.  E.  A.  Preble.  Since  then  we  have 
taken,  in  the  marshes  at  Four  Mile  Run  and  Dyke,  a  locality 
l)etween  Alexandria  and  Mount  Vernon,  Virginia,  about  thirty 
individuals,  some  of  whicli  I  have  had  in  captivity  for  over  a 
year.  Com{)arison  of  these  with  living  exami)les  of  Hyla  cinerea 
from  Bay  St.  Louis,  Miss.,  shows  that  the  northern  and  southern 
forms  are  readily  distinguisliable  from  each  otiier  by  characters 
of  both  form  and  color.  Most  conspicuous  among  these  is  the 
normal  absence  in  the  northern  animal  of  the  stripes  on  sides 

*  Published  by  permission  of  the  Secretary  of  tho  Smithsonian  Institu- 
tion. 

t  The  '  fauna  of  the  District  of  Columbia '  is  generally  understood  to  in- 
clude that  of  the  region  within  a  radius  of  twenty  miles  from  the  Capitol. 

I'.i— Biol.  Sdc.  Wash.,  Vol..  XIIF,  l.S'.il)  (T'l) 


7()     Miller— A  Sew  Tr(<frii(j  from  fhe  iJislrict  of  Columhid. 

and  legs  so  conspicuous  in  Hyla  c'merea.     It  may  therefore  be 
called : 

Hyla  evittata  sp.  nov. 

Type  adnlt  rf  (in  alcohol)  No.  26,291,  United  States  National  Museum, 
collected  at  Four  Mile  Run,  Alexandria  County,  Virginia,  July  15,  189S, 
by  Gen-it  S.  Miller,  Jr.,  and  Edward  A.  Prehle. 

Zonal  position.. — This  frog  is  prol)al)ly  confined  to  the  Upper  Austral 
zone. 

Geographic  distrihution. — While  the  animal  is  at  present  known  from 
the  marshes  of  the  Potomac  River  near  Washington  only,  it  is  to  be  looked 
for  near  the  coast  from  Chesapeake  Baj'  to  Long  Island  Sound. 

General  characters. — IJke  Hyla  c'merea  (Daudin)  but  with  broader,  deeper 
muzzle  and  normally  unstriped  body  and  legs. 

Color. — Entire  dorsal  surface  varying  from  olivaceous  brown  through 
deep  myrtle-green  to  pale  yellowish  grass-green;  ventral  surface  white, 
irregularly  tinged  with  yellow,  especially  on  chin  and  throat;  colors  of 
back  and  belly  fading  rather  abruptly  into  each  other  on  lower  part  of 
sides  ;  skin  of  under  surface  of  limbs  unpigmented,  transparent ;  legs  and 
jaws  slightly  paler  on  sides  than  above ;  ej'e  very  bright  and  iridescent, 
the  pupil  black,  the  iris  golden  greenish  yellow,  thickly  dotted  with 
black;  back  with  a  few — usually  less  than  half  a  dozen — inconspicuous, 
minute,  yellowish  dots. 

Measin-e)nents.—'Y:y\)e:'^  head  and  body,  48;  hind  leg,  69;  femur,  20; 
tibia,  21;  tarsus,  11;  hind  foot,  17;  humerus,  8;  forearm,  8;  front  foot, 
10;  greatest  width  of  head,  14;  eye  to  nostril,  ?ko  ;  distance  between 
nostrils,  3.5.  An  adnlt  rf  from  the  type  locality:  head  and  body,  50; 
hind  leg,  70  ;  fennir,  21  ;  tibia,  21  ;  tarsus,  11  ;  hind  foot,  17  ;  humerus,  8  ; 
forearm,  8;  front  foot,  10;  greatest  width  of  head,  14;  eye  to  nostril,  4  ; 
distance  between  nostrils,  3. 

Remarks. — Hyla  evillata  is  at  once  distinguishable  from  H.  cinerea,  its 
only  near  ally,  by  the  absence  of  the  stripes  on  sides  and  legs,  so  con- 
spicuous in  tiie  latter.  Except  for  the  differences  in  the  shape  of  tlie 
head,  the  two  animals  agree  perfectly  in  form  and  dimensions.  Hyla 
erittata,  however,  {orobably  averages  slightly  larger  than  H.  c  nerea.  The 
peculiarities  in  the  form  of  the  head  are  more  readih'  seen  than  described. 
In  Hyla  erittata  tiie  outline  of  tiie  muzzle  when  viewed  from  above  is  dis- 
tinctly more  bluntly  rounded  than  in  H  cinerea,,  and  as  a  result  the  nos- 
trils are  wider  apart  and  less  distant  both  from  eyes  and  tip  of  muzzle- 
Viewed  from  the  side,  the  depth  from  nostril  to  mouth  is  perceptibly 
greater  in  H.  erittata  than  in  //.  cinerea.  The  granulation  of  the  skin  of 
belly  and  hind  legs  is  identical  in  the  two  animals.  Tiiese  comparisons 
are  entirely  based  on  living  individuals. 

"'^An  adult  (^  H.  cinerea  from  Bay  St.  Louis,  Miss.,  measures:  head  and 
body,  48;  hind  leg,  68;  femur,  20;  tibia,  21;  tarsus,  11;  hind  foot,  15; 
humerus,  9;  forearm,  9;"  front  foot,  10;  greatest  width  of  head,  13;  eye 
to  nostril,  4;  distance  between  nostrils,  2.5, 


A  ycir  Ti'vejruy  Jroiti  the  District  of  (Juluinhid.  77 

Color  variation  in  H>jJa  tililala  is  verj-  great,  ami  as  in  otlier  treefrojrs 
chiefly  dependent  on  the  charaeter  of  the  h'nrfiice  on  which  the  animal  is 
resting.  When  searching  for  food  among  the  leaves  and  stems  of  pickerel 
weed  and  pond- lilies,  ify^a  fri//((to  assumes  a  yellowish  grass-green  tint, 
closely  harmonizing  with  the  color  of  the  plants.  In  captivity  the  color 
is  usually  darker  and  duller,  this  tendency  culminating  in  rich  myrtle- 
green  and  (lark  olivaceous  l)ro\vn  in  individuals  that  have  rested  on  hrown 
})ark  or  have  remained  long  hidden  in  a  dark  corner.  The  color  during 
hibernation  under  moss  and  sod  is  much  paler  than  that  assumed  by  the 
same  individuals  when  hiding  in  similar  places  during  the  summer. 
However  great  the  changes  in  color  may  be,  at  no  time  is  there  developed 
any  trace  of  stripes.  If  rudiments  of  these  are  present  they  are  always 
visible.  Similarly  in  Hyla  cinerca,  which  undergoes  an  exactly  parallel 
series  of  color  changes,  the  stripes  are  never  affected  in  distinctness, 
though  they  are  most  conspicuous  when  the  general  color  of  the  animal 
offers  the  greatest  contrast.  The  stripes  of  Hyla  clnerea  vary  in  living  in- 
dividuals from  silvery  white  to  metallic  reddish  gold.  The  body  stripes 
are  almost  invariably  bordered  by  a  narrow  black  line.  When  the  animal 
is  in  repose  the  body  stri])es  are  about  1.5  nun.  in  width,  but  when  it  is  ut- 
tering its  note  the  body  becomes  greatly  swollen  and  the  stripes  broaden 
to  three  times  their  normal  width,  and  at  the  same  time  assume  their 
brightest  colors.  The  leg  stripes  are  narrower  and  le.ss  sharply  defined 
than  the  body  stripes,  and  their  dark  margins  are  less  constant  in  devel- 
opment. 

As  to  the  constancy  of  the  color  differences  between  the  two  forms :  I 
have  handled  al)out  two  dozen  living  and  freshly  killed  specimens  of 
Hyla  evitlata,  and  have  probably  seen  nearly  as  many  more  at  a  distance 
of  only  a  few  feet.  Among  these  one  had  a  faintly  developed  stripe  at 
the  angle  of  the  jaw.  Of  the  tweuty-two  alcoholic  specimens  collecte^l 
by  i\Ir.  Hay  and  now  in  the  National  Museum,  eight  have  traces  of  the 
body  stripe,  which,  however,  in  no  instance  is  margined  with  black,  or 
as  sharply  defined  as  in  those  southern  specimens  in  which  the  stripe  is 
shortened  and  narrowed.  Of  si.Ktj'-one  specimens  of  Hyla  chitrea  (seven 
received  alive  from  H.  H.  &  C.  8.  Brimley,*  the  others  preserved  in  alco- 
hol in  the  U.  S.  National  Museum  t)  there  is  considerable  variation  in 
the  leg  stripes,  but  with  only  two  exceptions  the  bod}'  stripe,  though 
varying  in  length  and  breadth,  is  conspicuously  developed,  definite  in 
outline,  and  usually  margined  wnth  black.  In  the  two  abnormal  indi- 
viduals (one  from  Bay  St.  Louis,  Miss.,  the  other  from  New  Orleans,  La.) 
the  leg  stripes  are  absent,  and  the  body  stripes  reduced  to  mere  traces 
near  the  angle  of  the  jaw.  When  forwarding  the  unstri|)ed  si)ecimen 
from  Mississippi,  the  Messrs.  Brimley  wrote  that  it  was  the  only  one  of 
the  kind  observed  among  the  large  number  that  have  passed  through 

*  Taken  at  Bay  St.  Louis,  Miss. 

t  From  the  following  localities :  Texas,  New  Braunfels ;  Louisiana,  New 
Orleans;  Florida,  Clear  Water,  Georgiana,  Indian  River,  Lemon  City, 
Marco  Island,  Pensacola ;  North  Carolina,  Beaufort, 


78     3IiU('i' — .1  Ncii^  Trrti'ro;/  from  l/ir  DistricI  of  Cohnjiliia. 

their  liaiuls.  Such  individuals  as  these  are  readily  distinguislial)le  from 
the  faintly  striped  specimens  uf  Hijht  erllhda  b\'  the  form  of  the  muzzle. 
ILdiilx. — Very  little  is  known  about  the  haljits  of  Hi/hi  erillata.  In  June 
and  July  the  animals  are  to  be  found  in  the  rank  vejietation  of  the  tide 
marshes.  Here  they  remain  quiet  during  the  day,  but  as  evening  aj)- 
proaches  they  become  active  and  noisy.  Their  food  at  this  time  consists 
chiefly  of  a  small  beetle  that  is  found  on  the  leaves  of  the  pond-lilies. 
The  note  is  like  that  of  Hi/lu  ptckcriiigli  in  form,  hut  in  quality  it  is  com- 
paratively harsh  and  reedy,  with  a  suggestion  of  distant  Guinea-fowl 
chatter,  and  scarcely  a  trace  of  the  peculiar  freshness  so  characteristic  of 
tiie  song  of  the  smaller  species.  The  song  period  continues  through  June 
and  July.  Later  in  the  season  the  frogs  leave  the  low  marsh  vegetation. 
As  they  are  then  perfectly  silent  they  are  difficult  to  tind,  though  occa- 
sionally one  maybe  seen  in  a  bush  or  small  tree,  but  never  far  from 
water. 


VOL.  XIII,  PP.  79-90  September  28,  1899 

PROCEEDINGS 

OK    THE 

BIOLOGICAL  SOCIETY  OF  WASHINGTON 


THE   DOGBANES   OF  THE   DISTRICT   OF  COLUMBIA  * 
BY  GERRIT  S.  MILLER,  Jr. 


Two  dogbanes,  Apocymim  cannab'mum  and  A.androsssmifoliKm, 
were  recorded  in  the  first  detailed  list  of  plants  of  the  District  of 
Columbia,  published  nearly  seventy  years  ago.f  In  1876  the 
same  plants  were  included  in  the  '  Flora  Columbiana  '  of  the  Po- 
tomac-Side Naturalists'  Club,  Avithout  special  comment.^  Five 
years  later  Ward  relegated  the  second  species  to  the  list  of  plants 
whose  occurrence  in  the  vicinity  of  Washington  is  doubtful. §  At 
the  same  time  1 1  he  recognized  two  forms  oi  Apocynum  cannabinum^ 
the  tj^pical  A.  cannnblnum  canndbinum,  of  general  distribution, 
and  A.  cannabinnmglabcrrimvm,  found  only  on  the  fiats  of  the  Po- 
tomac River  bottom  at  Little  Falls.  In  18S6  Knowlton  discovered 
a  species  which  he  recorded  as  Apocynum  (mdrosfeinifoUuin,^^  and 
in  1892  ^^i'  and  1896  ft  Holm  published  further  records  of  a  plant 
that  he  supposed  to  be  the  same.  In  1897  Greene  raised  the 
Apon/iiwn  caiimibiu  am  glnherrimnvi  of  Ward  to  specific  rank  under 
the  name  A.  album,  and  at  the  same  time  described  Holm's  A. 

*  Published  by  permission  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Smithsonian  Insti- 
tution. 

t  Flor;«  Ooluml)ian8e  Prodromus,  p.  24,  1830. 
t  Flora  Cohiiiibiana,  p.  16,  1870. 

I  Guide  to  the  Flora  of  Washington  and  Viciuitv  (Bull.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus. 
No.  22),  p.  12,  1881. 

II  Ibid.,  p.  97. 

T[  Proc.  Biol.  Soc,  Washington,  III,  p.  108. 
*^Mbid.,  VII,  p.  118. 
ttlbid.,  X,  p.  36. 

20—15101,.-  Siir.   Wash.,  Vol.  XTII,  1800  (VO) 


80        Miller— Thr  Doghancs  nffhr  DIsfrirf  ,>f  (hlmnhia. 

andivsitinifuUaiii  as  a  new  species,  A.  vicdlinn/''  'I'hus  Apocijiiitni 
nndrosieinifoUum  was  again  eliminated  from  the  District  flora, 
unless  Knowlton's  plant  should  prove  to  liave  1)een  correctly 
identified.  His  specimens,  however,  cannot  nt)w  be  found.  Up 
to  the  present  time,  therefore,  three  species  have  hecn  positively 
recorded  from  the  vicinity  of  the  District  of  ('oluml)ia:t  Afo- 
eynnm  cannahinnin  lAnmcus,  A.  album.  Greene,  and  A.  medium 
Greene.  But  this  number  must  be  more  tlian  doubled,  as  I  find 
from  an  examination  of  about  two  thousand  i)lants  that  Apncy- 
nnni  androsmmfolium  is  actuall_y  a  member  of  the  flora,  while  in 
addition  there  occur  three  hitherto  undescribed  species. 

NOMENCLATURK. 

Eight  names  have  been  based  on  dogbanes  from  eastern  North  Amer- 
ica.    They  are  as  follows  : 

Album.  Ajxicymon  album  Greene,  Pittonia,  III,  p.  2o0,  December, 
1897,  is  based  on  the  narrow  leaved,  white-flowered  plant  of  the  camui- 
hiniiin  type  common  on  the  shores  of  the  Potomac  River  near  Washington, 
and  tbroughont  its  range  confined  to  similar  sitnatioiis.  Dr.  Greene  in- 
forms me  tliat  the  type  was  collected  near  Cliain  I>ridge,  Montgomery 
County,  Maryland. 

Androsaemifoliuin.  [Apocyninn]  (indroi^iviiufuHiiiii  Linna'us,  Species 
Plantarnm,  p.  213,  1753,  is  the  spreading,  large-flowered  dogbane  of  tlie 
Boreal  and  Transition  zones.  Eastern  Canada  is  probably  the  type  lo- 
cality of  the  species. 

Cannabinum.  \_Apociinum']  cannaliinum  Linnajns,  Species  Plantarnm, 
p.  2lo,  1753,  is  an  erect,  green-flowered  plant  of  eastern  North  America. 
The  original  descrijition  leaves  no  donbt  that  the  name  was  nsed  by 
Liimanis  in  essentially  the  same  sense  that  it  is  nnderstood  today. 

Glaberiimum.  \_Apocipiinn  cannabinum}  n  gliiJn'rrimum  De  Candolle, 
Prodr.  Syst.  Nat.  Regn.  Veg.,  pt.  VIII,  p.  4:]'.),  1844.  The  description 
of  tliis  plant  (under  Apocjinuin  cuun.abinuui)  is  as  follows:  "  a  (jlabcrri- 
mum.  A.  Canadense  maximum  flore  minimo  herbaceo.  Pink.  35,  t.  13 
f.  1.  (ic.  mediocr.)  A.  ereclum,  etc.,  ejiisd.  t.  2(50.  f  4.  A.  cannabinum  R. 
Br.  wern.  trans.  I.  p.  BS.  Torr.  !  fl.  im.  st.  p.  276.  A.  cannabinum  n  Hook. 
1.  c.  t.  139  opt.  A.  piscatorium  Dougl.!  mss.  ex  nostr.  specim.  hie  refer- 
endum ;  eamdem  vero  plantaui  ad  A.  hypericifolinm  retulit  cl.  Hook. 
1.  c.  (v.  s.)"  This  name  has  recently  been  used  by  Brittou  and  Brown 
for  the  plant  described  as  A.  album  by  Greene.  The  reason  for  this 
course  is  not  clear,  as  none  of  the  descriptions  cited  by  De  Camlolle  refer 
to  the  plant  in  question.     Plukeuet's  figures,  for  a  tracing  of  which  I  am 


*  Pittonia,  III,  pp.  229-230,  December,  1897. 

t  That  is,  within  a  radius  of  twenty  miles  from  tiie  Ca])itol 


The  Dogbanes  uf  the  Dldfld  of  Culani/na.  81 

indebted  to  Mr.  Chas.  Ballard,  of  Cambridge,  IMhhs.  ,  both  represent 
l)road-leaved  plants  of  the  caunuhituun.  type.  R.  Brown's  description  * 
refers  merely  to  a  lanceolate-leaved,  glabrous  plant.  It  contains  no  refer- 
ence to  any  of  the  peculiar  characters  of  Apocynum  alhum.  The  same  is 
true  of  the  accounts  given  by  Torrey  and  Hooker.  It  seems  oljvious, 
therefore,  that  unless  better  evidence  can  be  brought  forward  than  that 
furnished  by  the  original  description,  the  name  glaberiiinnm  is  too  vaguely 
defined  to  supplant  the  well-established  name  album.  At  most  it  can 
perhaps  be  used  for  one  of  the  numerous  forms  of  ApocipuDii  cainiabhmm. 

Hypeiicifolium.  Apocynum  Jiypericifolmm  Alton,  Hortus  Kewensis,  I' 
p.  o04,  1798,  is  a  clasi^ing-leaved  green-flowei'ed  plant  that  has  not  yet 
been  detected  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  District  of  Columbia.  Although 
recorded  from  Virginia  f  the  species  is  now  known  from  the  region  west 
of  tlie  Alleghenies  only. 

Incanum.  [Apocynum  (ludrosniuifolinm  \  [i.  Incainun  De  Candolle,  Prodr. 
Syst.  Nat.  Kegn.  Veg.,  pt.  VII I,  p.  439,  1844,  is  merely  an  unusually 
l)ubescent  individual  of  Apocynum  androsicmifollum.  Such  plants  not  in- 
frequently occur,  but  they  do  not  represent  a  definite  form. 

Medium.  Apocynum  medhun  Greene,  Pittonia,  III,  p.  229,  December, 
1897,  is  a  small-flowered  member  of  the  androssemifolium  group.  It  was 
first  recorded  by  Holm  as  Apocynum  nndrosxmifolium. 

Pubescens.  Alpocynum]  pubescens  R.  Brown,  Mem.  Wern.  Nat.  Hist. 
Sue,  I,  (1808-10),  p.  68,  1811,+  from  Virginia,  is  a  pubescent  form  of 
A.  cunnablnum,  probably  worthy  of  recognition  byname.  Aplantagree- 
ing  closely  with  the  original  description  is  not  uncommon  in  the  District 
of  Columl)ia;  and  the  U.  S.  National  Herbarium  contains  a  specimen 
collected  in  Virginia.  This  is  a  whitish-flowered  species  probably  dis- 
tinct from  the  A.  pubescens  of  Britton  and  Brown.? 

*"J.  cannabinum,  foliis  lanceolatis  utrinque  acutis,  glabris,  cymis 
pauiculatis,  calyce  tubum  coroUye  aequante."  This  copy  I  owe  to  Mr. 
Chas.  BuUard. 

t  De  Candolle,  Prodr.  Syst.  Nat.  Regn.  Veg.,  pt.  VIII,  p.  440,  1844. 

t  Professor  N.  L.  Britton  has  kindly  sent  me  a  copy  of  the  original  de- 
scription of  Apocynum  pubescens.  It  is  as  follows:  "A.  pubescens,  foliis 
ovato-oblongis  mucronatis ;  basi  obtusis ;  utrinque  cymaque  breviore 
})ubescentibus,  calyce  corollam  subjequante. 

"  Ilab.  In  Virginia,  Mitchell,  in  Herl).  Banks,  [ubi  V.  S.]." 

I  111.  Flora  N.  United  States,  Canada,  and  Brit.  Poss.,  Ill,  p.  o.     1898. 


82       Miller — The  Doghaues  of  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Synopsis  of  the  Dogbanes  of  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Corolla  conspicuous  (white  or  pink),  its  lobes  spreadinjj;  or 

recurved. 

Inflorescence  both  terminal  and  axillary  ;  corolla  terete, 

broadlj'  campanulate,  bright  pink,  about  8  mm.  in 

length,  its  tube  narrowed  in  the  throat  at  level  of  tips 

of  calyx  lobes A.  andros-e.mifolium  (p.  82). 

Inflorescence  strictly  terminal;  corolla  pentagonal,  urce- 
olate  to  campanulate  or  tubular,  white  or  pale  pink, 
4-7  mm.   in    length,   its   tul)e    not  narrowed  in    the 
throat. 
Branches  mostly  green,  ascending ;  erect  white  flow- 
ers (about  7  mm.  long)  in  large,  compact,  rather 

flat  cjMnes  ;  corolla  campanulate A.  speciosum  (p.  8.'!). 

Branches  mostly  strongly  tingeil  with  reddish  pur- 
ple, those  at  least  of  the  u|)per  part  of  the  plant 
widely  spreading;  suberect  white  or  pale  pink 
flowers  (4-()  mm.  long)  in  small,  loose,  irregular 
cymes;  corolla  tubular  to  urceolate. 

Calyx  lobes  broad,  mucli  shorter  than  tube  of 
l)inkish,    suburceolate  or  tubular  corolla; 

flowers  about  6  mm.  in  length A.  medium  (j).  84). 

Calyx  lobes  narrow,  about  as  long  as  tube  of 
white,   urceolate   corolla ;  flowers  about  5 

mm.  in  length A.  uucholificr  (p.  85). 

Corolla  inconspicuous  (greenish  or  whitish),  its  lobes  erect  or 
nearly  sd. 
Leaves  few,  spreading  or  drooping  on  slender  jjetioles 
which   are    usually    three   times   the   lengtli   of    the 

flowers A.  nemokai,e  (p.  87j. 

Leaves  many,  ascending  on  roi)ust  petioles  which  are 
usually  scarcely  longer  than  flowers. 

Leaves  glal)rous,  from  one  fifth  to  one-fourth  as 
broad  as  long;  flowers  essentially  white;    plant 

very  slender  and  much  branched A.  amsum  (p.  88)- 

Leaves  pubescent  on  underside  at  least,  from  one- 
third  to  one-half  as  broad  as  long  ;  flowers  varying 
from  dull  green  to  white;  plant  stout  and  rela- 
tively less  branched A.  cannabinum  (page  86). 

Apocynum  androsaemifolium  Linnaeus. 

(IM.  II,  Fig.  1.) 

175;i    [.Ipofi/iniiii]  (ni/IroHiciiiifoliihrn  Linmeis.  Species  Plantarum,    p.    213. 
J844.   lA)>i)ciinntnf()ulr(j.vriiiif<>liiuii]  p.  inammii  De  Candolle,   Prodr.  Svst. 

Nat.  Veg.,  pt.  VIIl,  p.  439. 
1898.   Apncyimui  umh-o.^win'tfoUam  Britton  and   Brown,  Illustrated    Flora 

Northern  United  States,  Canada,  and  Brit.  Poss  ,  III,  p.  3. 


The  Dogbanes  of  the  JJistricf  of  Coliimbia.  83 

7)ipt'  locdllti/. — Probably  eastern  Canada. 

(h'ogrdphic  dhlribntioit. — E:\tstern  Xortli  Ameriai  from  Newfouiullnnd 
(specimen  in  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.)  to  Georgia  (Britton  and  Brown),  west  to 
the  plains. 

Zonal  position. — Apoct/num  andr osiein if olium  appears  to  be  an  inhabitant 
of  the  Transition  zone  and  Lower  Boreal  zone,  occasionally  reaching  the 
Upper  Anstral  /one,  bnt  probably  by  accident. 

Ilahititt. — Thickets  and  fields. 

CJiaradi'i:^. — I'hdit  robust,  1  to  1.5  m.  high,  from  a  perennial  horizontal 
rootstock  ;  branches  dichotomously  widely  spreading,  glabrous,  strongly 
tinged  with  purple;  leaves  spreading,  mucronate  tipped  (about  55x40 
mm.),  the  uppermost  ovate  oblong,  the  lower  broadly  rounded  at  base, 
the  ujiper  slightly  narrowed  ;  upperside  of  leaves  glabrous,  dusky  green, 
underside  of  leaves  pale,  and  finely  bnt  inconspicuously  pubescent ; 
petioles  slender,  mostly  about  5  mm.  in  length,  finely  pu])escenton  under- 
side; iiifloresce)ice  in  small,  irregular,  terminal  and  axillary  cymes  of  few 
nodding  flowers,  the  axillary  clusters  generally  the  smaller  ;  cymes  usually 
shorter  than  leaves  ;  pedicels5-\0  mm.  in  length,  subulate-bracted  at  base  ; 
cali/x  glabrous,  its  segments  narrow,  generally  less  than  half  as  long  as 
corolla  tube  ;  corolla  bright  pink,  in  fully  developed  flowers  about  S  mm. 
long,  widely  campanulate,  its  tube  terete,  the  throat  narrowed  at  level 
of  tip  of  calyx  lobes  ;  corolla  segments  rounded  at  tip,  consideraldy  more 
than  half  as  long  as  tube,  and  when  fully  developed  conspicuously  re- 
curved ;  pods  drooping,  about  170  mm.  in  length. 

Remarks. — Apocynum  androspemifolinin  is  inunediately  recognizable 
among  the  species  occurring  in  eastern  North  America  by  its  ovate  leaves, 
and'large,  bright  pink,  nodding  llowers  in  partly  axillary  clusters,  and 
by  the  terete  corolla  tube,  distinctly  narrowed  in  the  throat.  The  out- 
line of  the  corolla  varies  much  in  different  stages  of  growth.  Some  of  the 
forms  that  it  assumes  in  its  develoiiment  from  the  bud  to  the  fully  grown 
flower  are  shown  in  the  figures  (see  PI.  II.  Fig.  1).  Througliout  its 
growth,  however,  the  corolla  tube  is  strictly  terete,  while  in  all  of  the 
plants  with  which  the  species  might  be  confused  the  pentagonal  con- 
tour of  the  corolla  is  evident  even  in  the  half-grown  buds.  The  ciiarac- 
teristic  form  of  the  corolla  is  for  the  most  part  lost  in  dried  specimens. 
On  account  of  the  dichotomons  branching  of  the  stem,  there  can  be  no 
distinct  central  flower  cluster  as  in  A.  cannnbi)ium. 

Tiie  only  specimens  of  this  species  positively  known  to  have  l)een  col- 
lected in  the  vicinity  of  the  District  of  Columbia  are  two  plants  which  I 
found  at  the  roadside  between  Sligo  Branch  and  Paint  Branch,  Mont- 
gomery County,  Maryland,  on  June  25,  1899. 

Apocynum  speciosum  sp.  nov. 

(PI.  11,  Fig.  2.) 

Ti/pe  No.  340,oit5,  United  States  National  Herbarium,  collected  in  dry 
old  field,  at  side  of  road  leading  from  Silver  Spring  to  Sligo  Branch,  Mont- 
gomery County,  Maryland,  June  25,  1899,  by  Gerrit  S.  Miller,  Jr. 


84       Jlil/rr—Tltr  Do(/haiics  of  flic  District  c>f  roI,niiI)la. 

Geograpluc  distribulion. — ApocijitiDit  sjjeciusinn  is  at  present  known  from 
two  localities,  Sligo  and  Glen  Echo,  IxAh  in  Montgomery  County,  Mary- 
land. 

Zorml  pddlion. — From  its  manner  ot"  occurrence  this  species  appears  to 
l)e  a  member  of  the  Upper  Austral  llora. 

Habitat. — Fields  and  roadsides. 

Ctiaracters. — Plant  robust,  .75  to  1.2.")  m.  iiigli,  from  a  perennial  hori- 
zontal rootstock,  tirancties  ascending,  glabrous,  green  ;  leaves  ascending) 
oblong,  inconspicuously  nuicronate  tipped,  the  lower  (mostly  about 
70-80  X  35-45)  slightly  rounded  at  base,  the  uppermost  tapering  at  each 
end;  ui)perside  of  leaves  dark  green,  glabrous,  underside  slightly  paler 
and  essentially  glabrous  except  along  the  veins  where  a  line  pubescence 
may  be  detected;  petioles  4-8  mm.  in  length,  slender  above,  shorter  and 
more  robust  below,  finely  pubescent  on  underside ;  inflorescence  in  large 
compact,  flat-topped  strictly  terminal  cymes  of  very  many  erect  flowers, 
the  cymes  at  first  exceeded  in  length  by  the  leaves,  but  afterwards  slightly 
longer;  pedicels  about  4  mm.  in  length  subulate-bracted  at  base;  cah/.r 
very  slightly  pubescent  (this  character  probabh'  variable),  its  segments 
narrow,  half  as  long  as  corolla  tube  ;  corolla  white  or  very  faintly  tinged 
with  pink  inside,  about  6-7  mm.  in  length,  canipanulate,  its  tube  dis- 
tinctly pentagonal,  the  throat  not  nariowed;  corolla  segments  i)ointed, 
slightly  more  than  half  as  long  as  tube,  spreading  but  not  recurved  ; 
pods  drooping,  about  70  to  120  mm.  in  length. 

Jieniarks. — In  this  plant  the  habit  is  almost  precisely  similar  to  that  of 
A.cannabirixin.  The  branches  are  erect,  very  indistinctly,  if  at  all,  diclio- 
tomous,  the  leaves  ascending,  the  tlovvers  upright,  and  the  inflorescence 
is  in  distinctly  flat-topped  cymes,  the  central  of  which,  at  the  end  of  the 
main  stem,  is  usually  but  not  always  the  largest,  and  earliest  to  flower. 
As  the  lateral  branches  I'ise  toward  or  above  the  level  of  the  central  head 
they  in  turn  produce  flat,  tenninal  clusters,  thus  i)rolonging  the  flowering 
season  from  before  the  middle  of  June  nearly  to  the  middle  of  August. 
Accompanying  the  luxuriant  inflorescence  of  this  plant  is  an  unusuallj' 
profuse  develo2)ment  of  fruit,  which  often  hangs  in  den.se  clusters  from 
the  lower  part  of  a  cyme  which  above  is  still  a  mass  of  flowers. 

Apocynum  medium  Greene. 

(PI.  11,  Fig. :;.) 

1892.   Apocjpmin   androsivinijoliam    Holm,  Proc.    Biol.   Soc.    Washington, 

Vil,  p.  118  (not  of  Linnanis  175o). 
1897.   Apocynum  medium  Greene,  Pittonia,  III,  p.  229,  December,  1897. 

Type  locality. — Vacant  lots  bordering  12th  St.,  in  Brookland,  D.  C. 

Zonal  position. — Apocynum  medium  will  probably  be  found  to  occur 
throughout  the  upper  Austral  zone  of  the  eastern  United  States.  It  is  to 
be  looked  for  also  in  the  lower  part  of  the  Transition  zone. 

Habitat. — Dry,  open  ground. 

CItaracter.'f. — Plant  slender,  seldom  more  than  1  m.  high,  from  a  peren- 
nial horizontal  rootstock;  brancli.es  dichotomously  widely  spreading,  gla- 


The  Doghaiirx  of  I  he  Disfricf  of  (Johiinhui.  S.') 

brons,  reddish  purple  ;  Imres  spreading,  oIjIohu;,  niucronate-tipped,  the 
lowermost  (about  85  x  40)  somewliat  rounded  at  base,  the  uppermost 
tapering  at  eacli  end  ;  npperside  of  leaves  dark,  clear  green,  glabrous  ;  un- 
derside yellowish  green,  finely  pubescent;  petioles  abouto  mm.  in  length, 
slender  above,  more  robust  below,  finely  pubeseent;  oiforesicnire  in  small 
rather  compact,  strictly  terminal  but  not  flat  topped,  cymes  of  numerous 
sul)erect  flowers,  the  cymes  usually  exceeded  by  the  leaves  ;  ju'dicch  l'-,'! 
mm.  in  length,  subulate  bracted  at  base ;  cahjr  finely  pubescent  (this  char- 
acter probably  inconstant),  its  segments  broad,  distinctly  less  than  half 
as  long  as  corolla  tube  ;  corolla  light  pink,  or  white  strongly  blotched  with 
])ink  inside,  about  5-6  mm.  in  length,  suburcoolate  or  tubular,  its  tube 
distinctly  pentagonal,  the  throat  not  narrowed,  corolla  segments  rounded, 
half  as  long  as  tube,  spreading  but  not  recurved;  pods  drooping,  about 
no  mm.  in  length. 

Remarks. — Apocynnm  medivm  has  essentially  the  habit  of  A.  andros:vmr 
foUnm  though  its  peculiarities  are  slightly  less  pronounced.  Together 
with  .1.  nrcf'olifer  it  is  readily  distinguished  from  A.  androsxmifoUnm  by 
its  differently  shaped  leaves,  much  smaller  suberect  flowers  in  strictly 
terminal  racemes,  and  by  the  distinctly  pentagonal  corolla  tube.  The 
form  of  the  corolla  tube  varies  in  perfectly  developed  flowers  from  faintly 
suburceolate  to  essentially  short  tubular,  though  the  first  is  the  more 
usual.  The  calj^x  segments  are  very  short,  conspicuously  less  than  half 
as  long  as  corolla  tube.  In  drying,  the  corolla  shrinks  more  than  the  calyx, 
so  that  in  herbarium  specimens  the  latter  appears  relatively  longer  than 
it  actually  is.  I  have  examined  one  hundred  or  more  living  plants  of 
this  species  growing  in  vacant  lots  on  12th  St.,  Brookland,  D.  C,  where 
Dr.  Greene  informs  me  his  original  specimens  were  collected. 

Apocynum  urceolifer  sp.  nov. 

,  (PI.  ir,  Fig.  4.) 

Tijpr  No.  340,390,  United  States  National  tlerl)arinm,  collected  on  open, 
dry  hillside  at  Capitol  View  Park,  Montgomery  County,  Maryland,  July 
2,  bS9l),  by  Gerrit  S.  Miller,  ,Jr. 

(jeograplur  dislrihulion. — This  species  lias  been  collected  at  the  type 
locality  and  at  Brightwood,  I).  C. 

Zonal  position. — Apocynum  nrceoJifcr'Mi  probably  a  member  of  the  Upper 
Austral  flora. 

Hahilal. — Fields  and  roadsides. 

Characters. — Plant  slender,  usually  less  than  1  m.  high,  from  a  perennial 
horizontal  rootstock  ;  branches  dichotomously  widely  spreading,  glabrous, 
strongly  tinged  with  reddish  pur]:)le  ;  leares  spreading,  oblong,  mucronate 
tipped,  the  lowermost  (about  1)0  x  40)  rounded  or  subcordate  at  base,  the 
uppermost  tapering  at  each  end,  but  more  abruptly  at  base;  npperside 
of  leaves,  clear  green,  glabrous;  underside  yellowish  green,  finely  pubes- 
cent; petioles  2-4  mm.  in  length,  finely  pubescent  on  lower  side;  inflores- 
cence \i\  small,  rather  compact,  but  not  flat-topped,  strictly  terminal  cymes 
of  numerous  suberect  flowers,  the  cymes  at  first  exceeded  by  the  leaves, 


86       Miller— The  Doglxuies  rjf  the  Distrlef  of  Cohrmhia. 

finally  slightly  longer;  pedicels  3-5  mm.  in  length,  subnlate-bracted  at. 
ba.se  ;  calyx  glabrous  or  pubescent,  its  segments  very  narrow,  generally  as 
long  as  corolla  tube  ;  corolla  white  or  just  perceptibly  tinged  with  pink  ; 
al)out  4-5  mm.  in  length,  urceolate,  its  tube  conspicuously  pentagonal, 
the  tliroat  not  narrowed,  corolla  segments  pointed,  slightly  more  tlian 
half  as  long  as  tube,  spreading  l)ut  not  recurved;  pods  drooping,  aliont 
itO  mm.  in  length. 

A'f?ii((rA-,s.— Although  at  first  sight  Apoci/iutm  urceolifev  ratiier  closely 
resembles  .-1.  medJinn,  the  two  plants  are  readily  distinguishable.  In 
habit  they  are  essentially  the  same,  but  A.  nrceolifer  is  smaller  and  its 
stems  are  usually  less  strongly  tinged  with  reddish  purple,  though  in  all 
probability  neither  character  is  constant.  Its  flowers  are  smaller  than 
those  of  .-I.  uied'mm,  and  generall}'  pure  white,  though  sometimes  faintly 
tinged  with  pink.  The  coi'olla  is  more  conspicuously  pentagonal,  and 
vei-y  noticeably  contracted  at  base  of  segments.  The  corolla  segments 
are  relatively  longer  and  narrower  than  in  A.  medium,  and  distinctly 
pointed  instead  of  rounded  or  obscurel}'  pointed  at  tips.  The  calyx 
lobes  are  generally  as  long  as  the  corolla  tube,  and  frequently  longer, 
sometimes  a  little  spreading  at  tips,  while  in  A.  medium  thej'  are  less  than 
half  as  long  as  corolla  tube  and  always  closely  appressed. 

I  have  seen  this  plant  growing  at  the  type  locality  only.  It  is  there 
connnon  on  the  southeast  slope  of  the  hill  directly  north  of  the  quarry. 
Mr.  \V.  R.  Maxon  has  collected  it  at  the  side  of  the  Military  Road,  be- 
tween Brightwood,  D.  C,  and  Rock  Creek. 

Apocynum  cannabinum  Linnanis. 

(PI.  II,  Figs.  6-7.) 

1753.   \_Apocymun']  cnn)iahimuii  Linnteus,  Sp.  Plant.,  p.  213. 

1811.  A\_pociinum\  pubesccus  R.  Brown,  Mem.  Wern.   Nat.  Hist.  Soc. ,  I, 

p.  68  (Virginia). 
1844.   '[Apoci/num  (■antiubinuinl  a  glaherriiniDn  De  Candolle,  Prodr.  Syst. 

Nat.  Reg.  Veg.,  pt.  VIII,  p.  434  (eastern  North  America). 
1881.   Aprx-i/tiiun   c(tiinahi)ta)ii.  Wiuxl,  Guide  to    Flora  of  Washington   and 

Vicinity  (Bull.  22,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.),  p.  97. 
18!*8.   Apocjpium  canaahinnin   Britton  and  I3rown,   III.   Flora  N.   United 

States,  Canada,  and  Brit.  Poss.,  Ill,  j).  3. 

Tfipe  locuHty. — Probal:)lj'^  eastern  Canada. 

Geographic  distribution. — Eastern  United  States  and  southeastern  Can- 
ada.    Western  limits  of  range  not  known. 

Zonal  position. — Transition  and  Austral  zones. 

Htdtitat. — Fields,  thickets,  and  open  woods. 

Cliaracters. — Fluid  robust,  1  to  1.75  m.  high,  from  a  perennial,  horizon- 
tal, widely  spreading  rootstock  ;  branches  ascending,  glabrous  to  densely 
velvety  pubescent,  green  to  reddish  purple;  leaves  ascending,  mucronate 
tipped,  usuall}'  oblong  and  slightly  more  rounded  at  base  than  at  tip, 
but  often,  especially  the  upi)erm()st,  tapering  equally  at  each  end,  and 
lowermost  frequently  slightly  cordate  ;  dimensions  when  full  grown  about 
120  X  55;  upperside  of  leaves  green,  varying  much  in  shade,  generally 
glabrous  but  occasionally  velvety  pubescent ;  underside  paler  and  usually 


The  Dogbanes  of  the  Disfricf  of  Cohiinhia.  .S7 

tinged  with  yellow,  often  densely  pubescent,  and  seldom  if  ever  without 
trace  of  pubescence,  at  least  on  the  veins  ;  })elioU's  3-7  mm.  in  length, 
slender  above,  shorter  and  robust  below,  pubescent  or  glabrous  on  under- 
side ;  ivfloresceure  in  strictly  terminal  cymes,  the  larger  of  which  are  dis- 
tinctly Hat  topped,  the  central  cyme  always  developing  first,  and  gener- 
ally the  largest;  cymes  composed  of  veiy  many  erect  flowers  and  gener- 
ally exceeded  by  the  leaves  ;  pedicels  1-4  mm.  in  length,  snbulate-bracted 
at  base,  glabrous  or  pubescent;  raJyr  glabrous  or  i^ubesivut,  its  segments 
very  variable  in  form,  but  usually  about  equal  to  corolla  tube  in  length, 
or  slightly  shorter,  the  tips  appressed  or  widely  spreading;  corolla  vary- 
ing in  color  from  white  to  dull  green,  and  in  length  from  3  mm.  to  4.5 
mm.,  generally  glabrous,  but  often  pubescent,  pentagonal,  tubular  or 
slightly  campanulate;  corolla  segments  equal  to  or  shorter  than  tube, 
rounded  or  bluntly  pointed  at  tips,  erect  or  very  slightly  spreading,  the 
margins  usually  slightly  revolute;  pods  drooping,  130-200  mm.  in  length. 
Remarks.— A poc]n turn  cannabinmn  is  a  highly  polymorphic  species,  much 
in  need  of  critical  study.  It  is  readily  distinguished,  among  the  species 
known  to  occur  in  the  eastern  United  States,  by  its  robust,  upright  habit, 
large,  short-petioled  leaves,  and  small,  green,  greenish,  whitish,  or  white 
flowers,  with  erect  corolla  lobes.  Within  these  limits,  however,  variation 
IS  so  great  as  to  suggest  the  existence  of  numerous  partly  or  perhaps  com- 
pletely segregated  forms.  Of  those  that  occur  in  the  District  of  Colum- 
bia, the  most  strongly  marked  is  the  .4.  piihescens  of  R.  Brown.  The  whole 
plant  (or  the  upper  part  at  least)  is  densely  velvety  pubescent,  and  the 
upper  leaves  are  umisually  short,  broad,  and  closely  set.  Flowers  green- 
ish or  white.  This  is  probably  not  the  A .  puhescens  of  Britton  and  Brown. 
Glabrateand  narrow-leaved  forms  occur,  and  others  of  unusually  slender 
habit ;  but  I  have  seen  none  that  bridge  the  gap  between  A.  cannabinvm 
and  either  of  the  following  species. 

Apocynum  nemorale  sp.  nov. 

Type  No.  340,397,  United  States  National  Herbarium,  collected  at  road- 
side in  woods  near  end  of  Chain  Bridge,  Fairfax  County,  Virginia,  July 
14,  1899,  by  Wm.  Palmer. 

Geographic  distribution. — This  species  is  now  known  only  from  the  type 
locality  and  the  Virginia  shore  of  the  Potomac  River  at  Great  Falls. 

Zo)i(d>  position. — Probably  confined  to  the  Upper  Austral  and  Transition 
/ones. 

Habitat. — Open  woods. 

Characters. — Like  Apocyimm  cannabinum  Linn?eus,  but  with  relatively 
few,  spreading  or  drooping,  leaves  on  slender  petioles  (usually  10-15  mm. 
in  length)  two  or  three  times  as  long  as  flowers ;  corolla  glabrous,  greenish. 

Remarks. — I  should  hesitate  to  separate  this  plant  from  Apocynum  can- 
nabinmn were  not  its  characters,  trivial  though  they  appear  on  i)aper, 
striking  and  constant  in  specimens,  especially  those  living  or  freshly  col- 
lected. Furthermore,  while  A.  cannabinum  occasionally  occurs  in  open 
woods,  together  with  A.  nemorcde,  it  never,  so  far  as  known,  shows  any 
tendency  to  assume  the  characters  of  the  latter. 

■21  — HiiJi..   Sor.    Wash.,    Vui..    XIII,   Isii'.j 


88       Miller — Tlic  Dogbanes  of  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Apocynum  album  Greene. 

■     (PI.  IT,  Fig.  5.) 

1881.  Apocynum  cunnahhnnn  var.  qluherrimvm  Ward,  Guide  to  Fldi'a  of 
Washington  and  Vicinity  (Bull.  22.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mns.),  |i.  97  (not 
of  De  Candolle,  1844). 

1897.  Jpocynum  album.     Greene,  Pittonia,  III,  p.  230.     December,  1S97. 

1898.  Apoci/nnm  cannahlnun)   glahfrriminn  Britton  and  Brown,  111.  Floia, 

N.^  United  States,  Canada  and  Brit.  Boss.,  Ill,  p.  :;  (not  of  De 
Candolle,  1844). 

7ype  locality.  —Shore  of  Potomac  Eiver,  neai-  Chain  Bridge,  Montgomery 
County,  Maryland. 

Gt'ogroj)Jiic  (Ustribiitioii. — The  range  of  Apocyimm  album  is  not  well  un- 
derstood. Britton  and  Brown  say,  "  range  apparently  nearly  of  the  type, 
but  more  abundant  northward."  I  have  examined  siiecimens  from  va- 
rious points  in  Maryland  along  the  shores  of  the  Potomac  River  from  Old 
Town  to  Marshall  Hall,  also  from  mouth  of  Tuccjuan  Creek,  Lancaster 
County,  Pennsylvania ;    Stratford,  Connecticut;  and  Ithaca,  New  York. 

Zo)ml  position. — Probably  confined  totlie  Upper  Austral  and  Transition 
zones. 

Haliitai. — Beaches  and  river  shores. 

Characters. — Like  Apocynum  cannabiviim  Linnpeus,  but  of  more  sU-nder, 
branching  habit,  and  with  smaller,  much  narrower  leaves  and  essentially 
white  flowers.  The  lai'gest  leaves  are  about  110  mm.  in  length  by  20-;!0 
mm.  in  breadth,  those  of  the  upper  partof  the  plant  much  smaller  (about 
00  X  15).  They  are  oblong-lanceolate  in  form,  those  of  the  upper  part  of 
the  plant  acute  at  each  end,  those  of  lower  part  of  plant  rounded  at  base. 
All  are  macronate  tipped  and  wholly  glabrous  throughout.  Petioles  2-3 
nun.  in  length.  Stems  green,  very  slightly  purple  tinged,  slender  and 
nuich  branched,  the  branching  nx)re  profuse  than  in  .4.  canuabimtjn,  but 
of  the  same  character.  Inflorescence  in  terminal  irregular  cymes  never 
as  large  as  those  commonly  met  with  in  A.  cannabinum.  Calyx  lobes 
about  as  long  as  corolla  tube  or  slightly  shorter.  Corolla  about  4  mm.  in 
length,  white,  often  faintly  tinged  with  green,  pentagonal,  short  tubular 
or  faintly  canii)anulate,  the  upright  lobes  slightly  more  than  half  as  long 
as  tube,  rounded  at  tips.  Pods  about  125  mm.  in  length.  Rootstock 
horizontal,  perennial,  widely  branching. 

Remarks. — Apocynum  album  is  so  difterent  from  A.  cannabimim  as  to  re- 
quire no  very  close  comparison.  The  peculiar  character  of  its  ha))it, 
leaves,  and  inflorescence  sharply  difterentiate  it.  The  white  or  nearly 
white  flowers,  however,  are  not,  taken  alone,  diagnostic,  as  forms  of  .4. 
cnnnal/nmm  frequently  occur  in  which  the  corolla  is  equally  wliite. 

This  i)lant  appears  to  be  strictly  confined  to  beaches  and  river  '  bot- 
toms.' Near  Washington  it  occupies,  to  the  exclusion  of  other  members 
of  the  genus,  the  flats  and  islands  of  the  Potomac,  seldom  if  ever  growing 
on  land  that  is  not  flooded  at  high  water.  Mr.  E.  A.  Preble  has  sent  me 
specimens  from  a  small  island  in  the  Potomac  at  Oldtown,  Maryland,  and 
Mr.  Wm.  Palmer  has  collected  it  at  Marshall  Hall. 


00       Miller — The  Dogbanes  of  the  Didrid  of  Cohutdna. 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  IL 

(All  fi Inures  three  times  natural  size  ) 

Fig.  1.  Ajiitcijniiiii  androsxmifolium  Linn;eus,  from  Maryland. 

Fig.  2.  Apocynuiii  sjjeciosum  Miller,  topotype. 

Fig.  ?>.  Aj)ocijiiitm  )iiedUun  Greene,  topotype. 

Fig.  4.  Ajioci/num  urceolifer  Miller,  topotype. 

F'ig.  5.  Apocyiinm  album  Greene,  topotype. 

Fig.  0.  Apncynum  camiahimuii  Linnsens,  large-flowered  form,  from  Ken- 
sington, Maryland. 

Fig.  7.  Apocij)utm  caniiabinnm  Uinuivus,  smaW  flowered  form,  from  Capitol 
View  Park,  Maryland. 


PROC.   BIOL.   SOC.  WASH.,   XIII,   1899 


PL.   II 


DOGBANES    OF  THE   DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA 


Vol.  XIII,  pp.  91-108  November  11,  1899 

PROCEEDINGS 


BIOLOGICAL  SOCIETY  OF  WASHINGTON 


ON  SOME  NEW  OR  RARE  BIRDS  FROM  THE  SIERRA 
NEVADA  DE  SANTA  MARTA,  COLOIMBIA. 

BY  OUTRAM  BANGS. 


From  the  latter  part  of  January  until  early  April,  1899,  Mr. 
Wilmot  W.  Brown,  Jr.,  collected,  nearl}^  continuously,  in  the 
Sierra  Nevada  de  Santa  Marta,  Colombia,  visiting  many  different 
stations  at  altitudes  ranging  from  3,000  to  15,000  feet.  During 
this  period  he  obtained  more  than  1,300  birds.  The  collection 
contains  many  species  wliich  he  had  not  previously  taken,  some 
of  which  are  new,  besides  series  of  man}'  of  the  rarer  species  pre- 
viously known  only  from  a  few  specimens. 

At  a  future  date  I  intend,  with  Mr.  Brown's  help,  to  give  a 
complete  list,  with  field-notes,  of  all  the  birds  he  has  collected 
in  these  mountains.  In  the  present  paper,  the  fourth  on  the 
birds  of  this  region.*  I  merely  describe  the  new  forms,  record 
additional  specimens  of  a  few  of  the  rarer  sjiecies,  and  give  those 
not  previously  taken  by  Mr.  Brown. 

Three  gentlemen  who  have  been  extremely  kind  to  Mr.  Brown 
while  in  Colombia,  and  to  whom  I  wish  to  express  my  thanks 
for  the  aid  they  have  rendered  him,  are  Theodoro  V.  Henriquez, 
U.  S.  consul  at  Rio  Hacha ;  Pedro  Ciiristoffel,  Indian  inspector 
of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  and  M.  Carr,  H.  M.  consul  at  Santa  Marta. 
Again,  I  am  under  great  obligations  to  Mr.  Robert  Ridgway  and 
Dr.  Chas.  W.  Richmond  for  allowing  the  use  of  the  collection  of 
birds  in  the  National  Museum,  and  in  giving  me  valuable  assist- 
ance in  determining  many  species.  I  am  also  greatly  indebted 
to  my  friend,  Mr.  Chas.  F.  Batchelder,  for  his  kindness  in  allow- 
ing me  to  examine  the  Lafresna3'-e  types  in  the  collection  of  the 
Boston  Society  of  Natural  History,  of  which  he  is  curator. 


*See  Proc.  Biol.  See.  Wash.,  XII,  pp.  131-144,  157-160,  171-182,  1898. 

22— Bior,.  Soc.  Wash.,  Vol.  XIII,  1899  (91) 


02     Bangui — On  Some  Birds  from.  Santa  Maria,  Colombia. 

(Note. — All  measurements  are  in  millimeters.  Colors,  when  definite 
names  are  used,  follow  Ridgway's  'Nomenclature  of  Colors.') 

Actitis  macularia  (Linn.). 
One  adult  female,  La  Concepcion,  Mar.  23,  1899. 

Aramides  axillaris  Lawr. 
One  adult  male,  Cliirua,  Mar.  13,  1899. 

Gypagus  papa  (Linn.). 

Three  adults — a  male  from  El  Paramo  de  Macotama,  11,000  feet;  one 
from  Chirua;  and  a  female  from  La  Concepcion. 

Falco  rufigularis  Daud. 
One  adult  male,  from  La  Concepcion,  Mar.  31,  1899. 

Amazona  mercenaria  (Tscli.). 
Two  males,  from  Paramo  de  Chiruqua,  11,000  feet. 

Aulacorhamphus  lautus  Ban<;s. 

Four  adults,  both  sexes,  from  Chirua  and  T^a  Concepcion.  All  agree 
closely  with  the  type  from  San  Miguel. 

Pharomachrus  festatus*  sp.  nov. 

Three  specimens  from  Chirua,  one  adult  male,  two  adult  females. 

Tijpe,  from  Chirua,  Colombia  ;  altitude,  7,000  feet.  No.  6235,  J  adult, 
coll.  of  E.  A.  and  0.  Bangs.     Collected  Mar.  20,  1899,  by  W.  W.  Brown,  Jr. 

Specific  characters. — Intermediate  in  size,  between  P.  aniiskmus  and  P. 
oimeepR;  bill  interuiediate  in  size,  between  the  bills  of  these  two  species  ; 
adult  (^,  with  the  three  outermost  rectrices  white  at  ends  (both  outer  and 
inner  webs  white,  quills  black),  rest  of  tail  black  ;  adult  9,  with  the  three 
outermost  rectrices  white  at  ends,  crossed  lower  down  l)y  black  bars. 

Cdlor. — Adult  (^•.  Head,  ])ack,  rump,  breast,  upper  tail-coverts,  and 
wing-coverts  metallic  green,  in  some  lights  bronzy,  this  tone  more  notice- 
able on  head,  throat,  and  upper  tail-coverts;  abdomen  and  under  tail- 
coverts  scarlet  vermilion  ;  primaries,  secondaries,  tertials  and  greater 
coverts  black  ;  flanks  and  sides  black,  the  black  feathers  mostly  concealed  ; 
tail  black,  the  three  outermost  rectrices  with  grayish  white  ends,  the 
quills  black  to  their  ends;  white  end  on  outer  rectrix  50  mm.  long,  on 
next  rectrix  59  mm.  long,  and  on  tliird  32  nnn.  long  ;  '  bill  yellow  ;  iris 
hazel  ;  't  feet  brownish  black. 

*  Festatus,  dressed  in  festal  attire. 

t  Noted  by  Mr.  Brown  from  fresh  specimen. 


On  Sovie  Birds  from  Santa  Marta,  Colombia.  93 

Adult  9 ,  lef^s  brilliant  than  the  (f  ;  throat  and  breast  much  mixed  with 
drab  brown  ;  outer  edges  of  primaries  yellowish  brown;  tail  black,  the 
three  outermost  rectrices  with  deep  white  tips,  the  lower  part  of  white 
tip  crossed  by  two  or  three  black  bars ;  outermost  rectrix  with  three  white 
spots  on  outer  web  below  lower  cross-bar;  second  rectrix  with  one 
white  spot  on  outer  web  below  lower  cross-bar  ;  '  iris  brown  ; '  *  bill  yel. 
lowish  brown. 

Mecmiremeids. — Type,  adult  cJ* :  Wing,  190;  tail,  157;  tarsus,  20;  ex- 
jjosed  culmen,  19. 

Topotypes,  adult  ?,  No.  6236:  Wing,  188;  tail,  158.4;  tarsus,  20;  ex- 
posed culmen,  18.4. 

Adult  9,  No.  6237:  Wing,  189;  tail,  158;  tarsus,  19.6;  exposed  cul- 
men, 18.4. 

In  the  adult  (^  the  longest  upper  tail-covert  projects  48  mm.  beyond 
the  tail. 

Remarks. — Had  Mr.  Brown  taken  but  one  specimen  of  this  fine  trogon 
I  should  have  been  inclined  to  regard  it  as  a  hybrid  between  P.  antiskmvs 
and  P.  aurieeps.  Three  examples,  however,  each  one  showing  the  charac- 
ters equally  well,  disprove  any  such  idea. 

The  type  is  a  fall!/  adult  male,  there  is  no  trace  of  brownish  on  the  outer 
edges  of  the  primaries,  the  bill  is  wholly  yellow,  and  the  breast  wholly 
metallic. 

The  difference  in  size  and  the  peculiar  tail,  unlike  that  of  either  of  the 
related  species,  distinguish  this  new  trogon,  which  is  probably  confined 
to  the  Sierra  Nevada  de  Santa  Marta. 

Trogon  personatus  Gould. 

Plight  specimens,  both  sexes,  from  Chirua,  La  Concepcion,  and  Maco- 
tama. 

Chloronerpes  yucatanensis  uiopygialis  (Cab.). 

Four  specimens,  both  sexes,  from  La  Concepcion  and  San  Miguel.  All 
figree  exactly  with  Cabanis'  description  and  with  sjiecimens  in  the  U.  S. 
National  Museum  from  Costa  Eica.  This  form,  which  langes  from  Costa 
Rica  southward,  is  distinguished  from  the  more  northern  C.  yucatanensis 
by  the  golden-brown  back,  the  back  of  true  C.  yucatanensis  being  green. 

Pygmornis  striigularis  Gould. 
Two  males  from  La  Concepcion,  altitude  3,000  feet. 

Leucuria  phalerata  Bangs. 

One  adult  male  from  Paramo  de  Macotama,  11,000  feet,  Mar.  11,  1899. 
This  specimen,  in  fine  plumage,  is  just  like  the  type,  except  that  the  bill 
is  a  little  longer. 

*  Noted  by  Mr.  Brown  from  fresh  specimen. 


94     Baii(/s — On  Some  Birdx  from  Santa  Marta,  Colombia. 

Lafresnaya  gayi  Bourc  and  Muls. 

Fonr  specimens,  thrqe  males  and  one  female,  from  Macotama,  San 
Mignel,  and  Paramo  de  Ohiruqua. 

Rhamphomicron  dorsale  Salv.  and  Godm. 

Four  specimens.  An  adult  female  and  two  adult  males  were  taken  at  Pa- 
ramo de  Chirnqna,  at  the  edge  of  the  snow,  on  Mar.  25  and  Feb.  25,  1S99, 
at  an  altitude  of  15,000  feet.  A  young  male  taken  at  La  Cowcepcion, 
Feb.  16,  1899,  at  3,000  feet,  is  much  like  the  adult  female,  having  a  green 
back  and  spotted  underparts ;  its  tail,  however,  is  like  that  of  the  adult 
male,  exce^jt  that  the  ends  of  the  feathers  are  decidedly  tipped  with 
white. 

Anthocephala  floriceps  (Gould). 

Nine  specimens,  from  Pueblo  Yiejo  (8,000  feet),  Santa  Cruz,  La  Con- 
cepcion,  San  Francisco,  and  Chirua.  Four  are  adult  males,  two  adult 
females,  and  three  young  males.  The  female  has  already  been  described 
by  Messrs.  Salvin  and  Godnian.  Itdifiers  from  the  male  in  lacking  the 
crown  patch,  the  top  of  the  head  being  dull  coppery  green,  much  like  the 
color  of  the  rump.  The  tail  is  colored  alike  in  both  sexes  ;  that  of  the 
female,  however,  has  the  central  rectrices  narrower.  The  whole  tail  is  a 
little  shorter  and  smaller  than  in  the  adult  male.  The  young  male  is 
similar  to  the  adult  female. 

Mr.  Brown  was  especially  on  the  lookout  for  the  local  species  of  hum- 
mers, none  of  which,  except  Mdallura  dixtricta  (desciibed  below)  and 
Panychlora  rnssntai  seem  to  be  easy  to  get.  Before  he  started  on  his  sec- 
ond trip  he  carefully  studied  the  plates  and  descriptions  of  O.cypogon  cy- 
andhvmus  and  Ccunpylopterus  2)hainopeplas,  so  as  to  know  the  birds  at  once, 
but  during  nearlj^  three  months  of  active  collecting  he  never  saw  a  living 
example  of  either  species. 

Metallura  distiicta*  sp.  nov. 

Sixteen  specimens  from  Pueblo  Viejo  (8,000  feet),  La  Concepcion,  San 
Miguel,  Paramo  de  Macotama,  Macotama  and  Paramo  de  Ohiruqua. 

'Jyi'c,  from  San  Miguel,  Colombia;  altitude,  7,500  feet.  No.  6223,  9 
adult,  coll.  of  E.  A.  and  0.  Bangs.  Collected  Feb.  6,  1899,  by  W.  W. 
Brown,  Jr. 

Specific  characters. — Adult  cf  with  much  the  general  appearance  of  31. 
smarayd'nueolUs,  except  that  the  rectrices  are  wider;  the  color  of  tiie  tail 
is  more  auri(;ular  purple,  less  truly  violet ;  under  tail-coverts  baffy ;  adult 
9  differing  from  9  of  M.  .vnnraydinicollis  in  being  paler  on  throat  and 
breast,  and  of  a  more  uniform  color,  and  in  being  very  much  less  spotted 
with  green  below. 

Color. — Adult  cf :  Upper  surface  dark,  shining  grass  green  ;  wings  dark 
purplish  brown  ;  bend  of  wing  rufous ;  under  surface  shining  grass  green, 

*Districtus,  busy,  occuiiied. 


On  Some  Birds  from  Santa  Marta,  Colombia.  95 

somewhat  varied  by  dusky,  whitish,  and  buff  edges  and  bases  of  some  of 
the  feathers,  the  bulf  showing  most  on  breast  and  the  dusky  and  whitisli 
on  center  of  abdomen;  himinous  throat  patch  glittering  grass  green; 
partially  concealed  woolly  feathers  on  center  of  belly  and  flanks  while  ; 
under  tail-coverts  ochraceous-bufF  with  faint  green  central  spots;  tail, 
below,  shining  auricular  purple  ;  above,  in  some  lights,  auricular  purple, 
in  others,  dark  shining  grass  green.  Adult  9)  above  shining  grass 
green  ;  below,  throat  ochraceous-rufous,  gradually  becoming  ochraceous- 
buff  on  chest  and  center  of  abdomen;  sides  spotted  with  shining  grass 
green;  under  tailcoverts  ochraceous-buff  with  dusky  central  spots;  tail 
smaller  than  in  the  cf,  all  the  outer  rectrices  tipped  with  buff.  Young 
(^  similar  to  adult  9)  l>'^t  with  rather  more  green  on  sides;  older  (j^ 
similar  to  adult  (^,  but  lacking  the  luminous  throat  patch. 

Measurements.  —  AAwM  (^,  No.  6232,  from  Paramo  de  Macotama  :  Wing, 
60;  tail,  44;  culmen,12.6;  width  of  central  rectrix,  lO.S.  Adult  $  (type) : 
Wing,  53;  tail,  34.4;  culmen,  12.4;  width  of  central  rectrix,  8.2. 

Remarks. — Strangely  enough  M.  districta  bears  a  much  stronger  super- 
ficial resemblance  to  the  far-away  M.  smaragdiiiicoUis,  as  pointed  out  by 
Messrs.  Salvin  and  Godman  and  by  myself,  than  it  does  to  its  nearest 
neighbor,  M.  iyrlantldna,  of  Venezuela  and  Colombia.  The  splendid 
series  secured  last  winter  by  Mr.  Brown  proves,  as  might  be  expected, 
that  the  slight  diflerences  l^etween  the  Sierra  Nevada  de  Santa  Marta  bird 
and  M.  smarugdinicoJUs  are  perfectly  constant. 

Ochthodiaeta  pernix  *  sp.  nov. 

Type,  and  only  specimen,  from  Macotama, Coloml)ia;  altitude,  9,000  feet. 
No.  0004,  S"  adult,  coll.  of  E.  A.  and  O.  Bangs.  Collected  Feb.  4,  1899, 
by  W.  W.  Brown,  Jr. 

Specific  characlers. — Not  like  any  other  species  in  the  genus. 

Color.  —  Upper  ]iarts  bister,  slightly  darker  on  head  and  upper  tail- 
coverts; wings  dusky,  wing-coverts  and  secondaries  edged  with  ferrugi- 
nous,! inner  wel)s  of  secondaries  ferruginous,  except  the  dusky  tip,  lower 
half  of  inner  webs  of  primaries  ferruginous;  tail  dusky,  outer  web  of 
outer  rectrix  ferruginous;  throat  white,  streaked  with  olive;  breast 
olive— each  feather  darkest  at  center,  lighter  at  edges  and  often  bordered 
with  ferruginous,  giving  a  streaked  appearance;  belly  and  crissum  ferru- 
ginous; sides  ferruginous,  slightly  shaded  with  olive;  a  blackish  spot 
directly  in  front  of  eye,  rest  of  lores  whitish  ;  lining  of  wing  ferruginous  ; 
feet  and  bill  Ijlack. 

Mecmirements.— Type,  adult  (^  :  Wing,  i03;  tail,  83;  tarsus,  25.6;  ex- 
posed culmen,  21.2. 

Remarks.  —  0.  pernix  is  wholly  different  from  either  0.  fiirnigalns  of  Co- 
lombia or  0.  lugnhris  of  Merida.     Perhaps  its  nearest  relative  is  0.  fiisco. 

*  Pernix,  quick,  active,  nimble. 

fThe  color  called  'ferruginous'  is  not  quite  the  ferruginous  of  Ridg- 
way,  but  is  rather  duller.  On  the  wings  it  inclines  toward  hazel  and  on 
the  under  parts  it  is  a  little  blended  with  olive. 


06     Bangs — On  Some  Birds  from  Santa  Maria,  Colombia. 

rvfiis  of  Bolivia  and  southern  Peru.  It  differs  much,  however,  from  tliat 
liird  in  its  streaked  throat  and  breast,  as  well  as  in  other  details  of  color- 
ing. Although  smaller,  in  a  general  way  0.  pernix  suggests  MyioOtereles 
utriaticollw,  which  occurs  in  the  same  region  with  it.  The  two  are,  of 
course,  very  different  in  detail,  but  their  superficial  resemblance  is  quite 
striking. 

Ochthceca  poliogastra  Salv.  and  Godm. 

Fourteen  specimens,  taken  at  all  stations  between  9,000  and  12,000  feet. 
On  Mr.  Brown's  first  trip  he  took  only  a  single  specimen  of  this  local 
species. 

Platyrhyiichus  albogularis  Scl. 
One  female  from  La  Concepcion,  3,000  feet,  Jan.  29,  1899. 

Euscaithmus  granadensis  Hartl. 
One  male  from  La  Concepcion,  Jan.  29,  1899. 

Hapalocercus  paulus*  sp.  nov. 

Ten  specimens  from  Chirua,  La  Concepcion  and  San  Miguel. 

Ti/pe  from  Chirua,  Colombia;  altitude,  7,000  feet.  No.  6115,  9  adult, 
coll.  of  E.  A.  and  0.  Bangs.     Collected  Mar.  17,  1899,  by  W.  W.  Brown,  Jr. 

Specific  characters. — Nearest  H.  fulviceps  (Scl.)  of  Ecuador  and  Peru,  l)ut 
rufous  crown  patch  narrower  and  shorter,  not  reaching  eye  nor  bill ;  sides 
of  head  not  distinctly  rufus ;  also  diftering  in  details  of  coloration. 

Color. — Above  dull  olive  ;  wings  dark  hair-brown,  with  jialer  an  d  more 
drab  edges ;  greater  and  middle  coverts  tipped  with  Isabella  color  (in  some 
specimens  cinnamon)  forming  two  wing  bars;  inner  webs  of  tertials  and 
secondaries  broadly  edged  with  buft';  tail  hair  brown  with  slight  isabella 
color  edges  and  ti]) ;  head  subcrested,  vertical  feathers  orange-rufous 
basally  ;  sides  of  crown  and  forehead  like  back;  lores,  auriculars,  and 
orbital  ring  dull  cinnamon,  very  different  in  color  from  crest;  throat, 
breast,  and  center  of  belly  whitish,  with  an  ill-defined  and  indistinct 
darker  pectoral  band;  sides,  flanks,  and  under  tail-coverts  straw-yellow, 
darkest  and  slightly  tinged  with  olive  on  lower  sides;  lining  of  wing 
straw-yellow.     Sexes  similar. 

Measurements. — Type,  adult  ?  :  Wing,  45.6;  tail,  37;  tarsus,  19.6;  ex- 
posed culmen,  10. 

Adult  cf,  No.  6117,  from  La  Concepcion :  Wing,  46;  tail,  39;  tarsus, 
19.2;  exposed  culmen,  10. 

Remarks. — H.  paulus  needs  no  comparison  with  the  other  Colombian 
species,  //.  acutipenuh,  which  has  acuminated  primaries.  Its  relationship 
lies  with  H.  fulviceps  of  western  Ecuador  and  Peru. 

*  Paulus,  small,  little. 


On  Some  Birds  from  Santa  Marta,  Colombia.  07 

Serpophaga  cineiea  grisea  (Lawr.). 

Five  specimens,  from  Chirua,  San  Miguel,  and  La  Concepcion.  These 
are  just  like  skins  in  the  U.  S.  National  Museum  from  Costa  Rica— true 
grisea  of  Lawrence — which  seem.s  to  me  to  represent  a  perfectly  good  sub- 
species, diftering  considerably  in  color  from  true  »S'.  cinerea  of  P]cuador  aiul 
Peru.  .Sclater,  however,  in  the '  Catalogue  of  Birds  in  the  British  Museum  ' 
unites  the  two  without  a  word. 

Myiopatis  montensis  *  sp.  nov. 

Eighteen  specimens  from  Paramo  de  Macotama,  ILOOO  feet ;  Macotama, 
9,000  feet,  and  Paramo  de  Chiru(iua,  12,000  feet. 

Type  from  Paramo  de  Macotama,  Colombia;  altitude,  11,000  feet.  No. 
6112,  fj'  adult,  coll.  of  E.  A.  and  0.  Bangs.  Collected  U&r.  3,  1899,  by 
W.  W.  Brown,  Jr. 

Specific  c/««r«c/e?-s.— Much  larger  than  M.  semifuscn  Scl.,  with  much  longer 
tail ;  bill  longer  and  more  slender,  base  of  lower  mandible  black  (yellowish 
in  semifusca) ;  tertials  not  so  large  nor  so  broadly  rounded  at  ends  ;  breast 
darker  olive  ;  pileum  much  darker  than  back.     Sexes  similar. 

Co^or.— Pileum  dark  grayish  olive;  back  and  rump  olive;  lores,  supra- 
orbital and  supra-auricular  streak,  oi-bital  ring,  and  most  of  auriculars 
grayish;  a  dusky  post-ocular  streak  ;  wings  dusky;  wing  coverts  broadly 
tipped  with  dull  tawny  ochraceous,  forming  two  broad  wing  liars;  outer 
edges  of  secondaries  tawny-ochraceous  toward  ends,  wholly  blackish  at 
base,  thus  forming  a  blackish  patch  on  closed  wing  just  behind  the  second 
wing  bar;  edges  and  tips  of  tertials  dull  yellowish  white  (in  some  speci- 
mens, all  in  worn  plumage  with  abraded  feathers,  the  wing  bars  and  edges 
of  secondaries  are  all  dull  yellowish  white)  ;  tail  dusky,  narrowly  edged 
with  olive  and  sometimes  (in  fresh  plumage)  tipped  with  Isabella  color; 
tliroat  grayish  white ;  lireast  grayish  olive;  belly  and  under  tail-coverts 
primrose  yellow;  flanks  olive;  lining  of  wing  and  bend  of  wing  pale 
yellowish;  bill  wholly  blackish. 

Measurements.— Ty-pQ,  adult  cf  :  Wing,  66.fi;  tail,  69;  tarsus,  20.2;  ex- 
posed culmen,  9.6.  Adult  $,  No.  6104,  from  Macotama:  Wing,  70;  tail, 
69;  tarsus,  20.2;  exposed  culmen,  10.  (These  two  examples  exhibit  the 
extremes  in  wing  measurement  in  the  series  of  eighteen  specimens.) 

Remarks.— \^ hen  collecting  in  the  lowlands  and  among  the  smaller 
mountains  near  Santa  INIarta,  Mr.  Brown  took  six  examples  of  true  M- 
semifnscn.  These  are  topotypes  of  the  species.  In  the  high  mountains, 
from  altitudes  of  9,000  to  12,000  feet,  he  secured  a  series  of  eighteen  spec- 
imens of  a  wholly  different  bird,  which  I  have  here  called  M.  montensis. 
The  differences  between  the  two  are  so  great  as  to  seem  almost  more  than 
specific;  the  very  long  tail,  long  slender,  wholly  black  bill,  and  the  dif- 
ferently shaped  tertials  of  the  mountain  bird  are  very  marked  characters. 

In  ascending  the  mountains  there  seems  to  be  a  belt  of  from  6,000  to 
9,000  feet  wlfere  neither  M.  semifusca  nor  M.  montensis  is  found.     This 


*  Montensis,  belonging  to  mountains. 


98     Bangs — Oa  Some  Birds  from  Santa  Marta,  Colomhia. 

belt  has  been  prett}'  thorouj^hl y  worked  by  Mr.  Brown  at  many  diflferent 
points,  and  I  feel  sure  he  would  have  taken  Myiopatis  if  it  occurred  there. 

Tyranniscus  nigricapillus  (Lafr.). 

Two  females,  one  from  La  Concepcion  INlar.  11,  1899,  tlie  other  from 
ChiruaFeb.  13,  1899. 

Nuttallornis  borealis  (Swains.). 
One  female  from  La  Concepcion  Mar.  8,  1899. 

Pipreola  aureipectus  decora*  subsp.  nov. 

Two  specimens,  male  and  female,  from  Chirna. 

Type,  from  Chirua,Colombia;  altitude,  7,000  feet.  No.  6173,  r?  adult,  coll. 
of  E.  A.  and  O.  Bangs.     Collected  Feb.  12.  1899,  by  W.  W.  Brown,  Jr. 

Subspeci fie  characters. — Much  smaller  than  true  P.  atireipectnx,  with  much 
shorter  tail.  Similar  in  color  and  markings  to  true  P.  aureipectus,  except 
that  the  (^  has  a  broad  band  of  yellow  on  each  side,  extending  from  the 
yellow  throat  across  side  of  neck  behind  auriculars ;  in  the  $  this  band 
shows  as  a  row  of  yellow  spots. 

Measurements.— Type,  adult  c^:  Wing,  88  ;  tail,  64;  tarsus,  23  ;  exposed 
culinen,  12.  Adult  9,  to]iotype  No.  6147:  Wing,  84;  tail  64;  tarsus, 
21.4;  exposed  cuhnen,  11.8. 

Remarks. — I  have  examined  Lafresnaye's  types,  consisting  of  three 
specimens,  two  males  and  one  female,  in  splendid  condition.  They  are, 
all  three,  nnich  larger  than  the  Chirua  bird,  their  wing  measurements 
being  as  follows:  No.  2166,*  c?  adult,  92;  No.  2167,*  J^  adult,  94;  No. 
2168, t  $  adult,  92.  The  tail  and  tarsus  also  give  larger  measurements. 
In  the  two  Lafresnaye  males  there  are  a  few  concealed  yellow  spots  on 
the  sides  of  the  neck,  where  in  the  new  form  there  is  a  broad  yellow 
band.  In  the  female  there  is  no  trace  of  yellow  spots  on  the  sides  of  the 
neck.  Otherwise  the  colors  and  markings  are  about  the  same  in  /'.  aurei- 
pectus decora  and  in  true  P.  aureipectus. 

Heliochera  rubrocristata  (D'Orb.  and  Lafr.). 

Ten  specimens,  all  from  Paramo  de  Chiruqua  and  Paramo  de  IMaco- 
tama,  at  altitudes  ranging  from  11,000  to  15,000  feet. 

Cinclodes  fuscus  albidiventris  (Scl.). 

Two  males  from  Paramo  de  Chiruqua,  15,000  feet.  The.se  two  speci- 
mens, without  doubt,  belong  to  the  form  called  alhidirentris  by  Sclater, 
which  is  a  valid  subspecies,  quite  diiferent  in  color  from  the  more  south- 

*Decorus,  adorned,  ornamented. 

t  Specimens  in  Lafresnaye  collection  in  Boston  Society  of  Natural 
History. 


On  Some  Birds  from  Santa  Marta,  Colombia.  99 

era  form — true  fnscus.  In  the  northern  form  the  scaly  markings  come 
farther  down  on  the  breast  and  sides,  and  the  belly  is  whitish,  not  biiffy, 
as  in  true  fuscus. 

Sclerurus  albigularis  propinquus  snbsp.  nov\ 

Type  (and  only  specimen  secured  on  this  trip  *),  from  Chirua,  Colombia  ; 
altitude,  7,000  ;  No.  ()152,  $  adult,  coll.  of  E.  A.  and  O.  Bangs.  Collected 
Feb.  7,  1809,  by  W.  W.  Brown,  Jr. 

Suhspecific  characters. — Somewhat  intermediate  between  S.  canigularis 
Ridgw.,  of  Costa  Rica,  and  true  S.  albigularis  of  Venezuela,  most  like  the 
former  but  with  pectoral  band  paler ;  throat  lighter  gray ;  upper  parts 
duller  brown,  not  chestnut.  The  new  form  is  also  the  smallest  of  the 
three. 

Color. — Back  burnt  umber  with  a  slight  olive  cast,  head  rather  more 
dusky  ;  rump  and  upper  tail-coverts  bright  chestnut ;  wings  dark  brown, 
primaries,  tertials,  and  secondaries  edged  with  burnt  umber;  primary 
coverts  dusky-brown ;  greater  and  lesser  coverts  and  scapulars  chestnut ; 
throat  smoke-gray  ;  pectoral  band  dull  ferruginous  ;  belly  and  flanks  hair- 
brown,  some  of  the  feathers  edged  and  tipped  with  dull  yellowish-fer- 
ruginous ;  under  tail-coverts  chestnut ;  tail  blackish  edged  with  chestnut ; 
'iris  hazel ;  tarsus  dusky  ;  'f  culmen  dusky  ;  mandible  yellowish  toward 
base,  dusky  at  tip. 

Measurements. — Type,  adult  9  '•  Wing,  82.6;  tail,  56.4;  tarsus,  23;  ex- 
posed culmen,  21.8.  No.  5684,  9  adult,  from  Palomina:  Wing,  83;  tail, 
56;  tarsus,  23.2;  exposed  culmen,  21. 

Heinarls. — The  second  si^ecimen  (the  tj^pe)  of  this  form  secured  bj'  Mr. 
Brown  is  just  like  the  first,  which  could  not  be  referred  to  either  S.  canigu- 
laris or  S.  albigularis. X     I  therefore  no  longer  hesitate  to  give  it  a  name. 

Siptoruis  antisiensis  Scl. 

Five  specimens,  from  Santa  Cruz,  Paramo  de  Macotama,  and  Paramo  de 
Chiruqua. 

Siptornis  wyatti  Scl.  and  Salv. 

Two  specimens,  male  and  female,  from  Paramo  de  Chiruqua,  15,000  feet. 
Mar.  25,  1899. 

Automolus  rufipectus  Bangs. 

Seven  specimens,  taken  at  difierent  altitudes  from  3,000  to  7,500  feet. 
All  are  similar  to  the  type,  which  before  was  unique. 

Anabazenops  stiiaticollis  Scl. 

Eight  specimens,  from  Chirua,  San  Miguel,  and  La  Concepcion. 

*  Mr.  Brown  took  a  female  at  Palomina,  May  18,  1898. 
t  Noted  by  Mr.  Brown  from  fresh  specimen. 
JProc.  Biol.  Soc.  Washington,  vol.  XII,  p  177,  1898. 

23— Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  Vol..  XIII,  1899 


100     Bcmgs — On  Some  Birds  from.  Santa  Maria,  Colombia. 

Premnoplex  brunnescens  (Scl.). 

Two  females,  one  fron'i  San  IMiguel,  the  other  from  Cliirua. 

Dendiocincla  olivacea  anguina  Bangs. 

Three  specimens,  one  each  from  Palomina,  Chirna,  and  La  Concepcion. 
All  are  similar  to  the  type,  the  onl}'  specimen  ]\Ir.  Brown  had  previously 
taken. 

Picolaptes  laciymiger  (Des  Murs.). 

One  female  from  La  Concepcion. 

Diymophila  caudata  (Scl.). 

Twenty-five  specimens,  yonng  and  adult  of  both  sexes,  from  Chirua, 
La  Concepcion,  San  Francisco,  Santa  Cruz,  San  Antonio,  and  San  Miguel. 
I  am  now  inclined  to  consider  the  Santa  Martabird  true  D.  caudatn  (Scl.), 
although  when  I  recorded  the  first  two,  taken  by  Mr.  Brown  at  Palo- 
mina,* I  thought  that  they  were  not  that  species.  The  tails  are  about  tlie 
same  throughout  the  series  and  do  not  difier,  to  any  extent,  with  age  or 
sex.  The  rectricesare  dark  brown  (l)etween  raw  umber  and  bister),  with 
subapical  black  bands  and  white  tips.  The  only  specimen  from  '  Bogota  ' 
in  the  National  Museum  has  a  precisely  similar  tail.  Sclater's  descrip- 
tion reads  :  '  Tail  of  ten  feathers,  very  long,  much  graduated,  black,  with 
white  ends.'     This  was  probably  a  mistake. 

Conopophaga  bio-wni  f  sp.  nov. 

I'lve  specimens,  both  sexes,  from  Chirua. 

7ype,  from  Chirua,  Colombia;  altitude,  7,000  feet.  No.  6177,  cf  adult, 
coll.  of  E.  A.  and  0.  Bangs.     Collected  Feb.  1 2,  1899,  by  W.  W.  Brown,  Jr. 

Speafic  characters. — A  very  distinct  species,  apparently  representing  a 
new  group,  having  sides  of  head  and  cap  like  the  back  and  witliout  white 
post-ocular  stripe  or  patch. 

Color. — Foreheail  tawny-olive,  passing  insensibly  into  color  of  upper 
parts;  lores  yellowish  white;  upper  parts,  yellowish  olive;  wings  dusky 
brown,  outer  edges  of  primaries,  secondaries,  and  tertials  dull  olivaceous 
cinnamon;  tertials  and  secondaries  bordered  on  inner  web  and  tipped 
with  clear  cinnamon  ;  tail  sepia;  a  narrow  orbital  ring  yellowish  white  ; 
auriculars  reddish  olive;  throat,  breast,  sides,  and  lining  of  wing  ochra- 
ceous  (in  some  specimens  there  is  some  white  on  the  throat,  in  others 
the  throat  is  uniform  with  the  breast)  ;  middle  of  belly  and  under  tail- 
coverts  white,  varying  in  extent  in  different  specimens;  culmen  dusky; 
mandible  yellowish  toward  base,  dusky  at  tip. 

Mcamremcnts.—i:y\^e,  adult  J:  Wing,  61;  tail,  29;   tarsus,  23.2;  e.v- 

*Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Washington,  vol.  XII,  p.  176,  1898. 
t  Named  for  Wilmot  W.  Brown,  Jr.,  who.se  researches  have  brought  to 
light  so  many  new  birds  in  the  Santa  Marta  region. 


On  Some  Birds  fro)it  Santa  3Iarta,  Colornhia.  101 

posed  culmen,  13.     Adult  9.  No.  6179,  topotype :  Wing,  62 ;  tail,  29.4; 
tarsuH,  23.6;  exposed  culmen,  12.4. 

Jiemarks.  —  C.  brovmi  does  not  need  comparison  with  any  known  form. 
The  one  female  recorded  from  Puehlo  Viejo,  8,000  feet,*  is  like  the  present 
series  from  Chirna. 

Scytalopus  sylvestris  Tacz. 

One  male,  not  fully  adult,  from  San  Francisco  Jan.  24,  1899.  It  is  not 
unlikely  that  fully  adult  specimens  will  show  the  Santa  Marta  bird  to  be 
an  undescribed  species.  The  wing  measures  46  mm.,  wdiicli  is  shorter 
than  usual  in  »S'.  sylvestris.  I  have  compared  it  with  *S.  argenlifrons  Ridgw. , 
and  it  is  certainly  not  that  species.  For  the  present  it  may  be  well  to 
call  it  syh'estris. 

Scytalopus  latebricolaf  sp.  nov. 

Seven  specimens,  six  females  and  one  male,  fi'om  Paramo  de  Chiruqua 
and  Paramo  de  Macotama,  11,000  to  12,000   feet. 

Type,  from  Paramo  de  Chiruqua,  Colombia  ;  altitude,  12,000  feet.  No. 
6208,  ?  adult,  coll.  of  E.  A.  and  O.  Bangs.  Collected  INIarch  10,  1899, 
by  W.  W.  Brown,  Jr. 

Specific  characters. ^Scytalopus  latebricola  has  the  large  feet,  tarsus,  and 
bill  of  the  S.  analis  group,  but  in  size  is  smaller  and  has  a  much  shorter 
tail  than  S.  analis.  Colors  different,  much  more  reddish  brown  on  rump, 
flanks,  and  upjier  tail-coverts.     Sexes  apparently  alike. 

Color. — Adult,  head  and  back  dark  brownish  slate;  lower  rump  and 
upper  tail-coverts  chestnut,  with  indistinct  blackish  cross-bars  ;  wings 
and  tail  dull  brownish  black ;  throat  and  breast  brownish  slate  gray  (al- 
most mouse  gray  of  Ridgway),  paler  and  more  silvery  on  middle  of  lower 
breast  and  upper  part  of  belly  ;  flanks,  lower  sides,  and  under  taii-coverts 
chestnut,  with  slight  irregular  spots  and  cross-bars  of  dusky;  l)ill  horn 
color  ;  feet  and  tarsus  brown. 

Younger  birds  (Nos.  6212  and  6210)  differ  in  having  more  chestnut  on 
the  back  and  breast,  in  being  more  decidedly  barred  on  flanks,  etc.,  and 
in  having  tertials  and  wing -coverts  barred  with  chestnut  and  tipped  with 
yellowish  brown,  and  primaries  edged  with  chestnut. 


Measurements. 

No. 

Sex. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Tarsus. 

Exposed 
culmen. 

6208, 
6211. 
6213 

type. 

9  ad. 
9  ad. 
J^ad. 

60. 
61. 
62. 

42.2 

42.6 

23.8 
24.2 
24.4 

13.4 
13.4 
13.6 

*Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Washington,  vol.  XII,  p.  159,  LS98. 

t  Latebricola,  one  who  dwells  in  coverts  or  lurking-places. 


102     Bangs — On  Some  Birds  Jruin  Santa  Maria,  Colombia. 

Remarks. — I  have  carefnllj^  examined  Lafresnaye's  type  of  Mendaxis 
annlis,  which  is  in  fairly  good  condition.  It  is  a  very  different  bird  from 
tliat  taken  by  Mr.  Brown  in  the  Sierra  Nevada  de  Santa  Marta;  is  niucli 
larger  and  has  a  very  much  longer  tail.  The  colors  are  also  different,  but 
as  the  specimen  appears  to  be  now  somewhat  faded  by  exposure  to  light, 
it  might  only  make  confusion  to  mention  these  differences.  It  measures — 
wing,  66;  tail,  6.3.2;  tarsus,  28. 

In  the  National  Museum  I  examined  specimens  from  Bogota  of  still 
another  form,  which  is  probably  S.  micropterns  (Scl.).  This  differs  from 
S.  latebrtcola  in  being  much  darker  throughout,  the  back  blacker,  the 
underparts  not  nearly  so  gray,  and  the  reddish  brown  of  the  flanks  and 
rump  darker. 

Sycalis  broTvni  Bangs. 

Two  specimens,  one  adult  (female?),  the  other  a  young  male,  from 
Palomina  and  La  Concepcion. 

When  identifying  the  specimens  of  this  bird  which  Mr.  Brown  took 
near  Santa  Marta,  Mr.  Kidgway  and  I  were  misled  by  Dr.  Sharpe's  rather 
strange  treatment  of  Sycalis  citrina,  which  is  placed  in  the  fai'- removed 
genus  Pseudochloris.     Consequently  we  overlooked  that  species. 

There  is  little  doubt  that  the  birds  recorded  in  the  '  British  Museum 
Catalogue'  from  Colombia  are  the  same  as  my  S.  brovni.  It  is  probable, 
however,  that  S.  broivni  will  prove  subspecifically  different  from  S.  citrina 
Pelzeln,  the  latter  being  based  on  birds  from  southern  Brazil.  It  would 
in  fact  be  very  strange  if  birds  of  this  sort  from  localities  so  far  apart  as 
southern  Brazil  and  northern  Colombia  should  not  prove  different.  In 
the  lack  of  Brazilian  specimens  for  actual  comparison,  I  am  forced  to 
leave  the  question  in  this  unsatisfactory  condition. 

Oryzoborus  funereus  Scl. 

Five  specimens  from  Chirua  and  La  Concepcion. 

Catamenia  sp.  ? 

One  female  from  Paramo  de  Chiniqna,  15,000  feet,  Feb.  27,  1899. 
With  but  one  female  I  am  unable  to  identify  the  species  positively. 
It  may  prove  to  be  undescribed  or  may  possibly  be  C.  analoides. 

Haplospiza  nivaria  *  sp.  nov. 

Thirteen  specimens  from  Paramo  de  Chiruqua,  15,000  feet,  Feb.  and 
Mar.  1899. 

Type,  from  Paramo  de  Chiruqua,  Colombia;  altitude,  15,000  feet.  No. 
6238,  (^  adult,  coll.  of  E.  A.  and  O.  Bangs.  Collected  Mar.  25,  1899, 
by  W.  W.  Brown,  Jr. 

Specific  characters. — Much  larger  than  H.  iinicolor ;  (^  purer  gray,  less 
olivaceous;  back  more  streaked;  bill  relatively  smaller.     The  feathers 

*  Nivarius,  (^f  or  l)clonging  to  snow. 


071  Some  Birds  from  Santa  Marta,  Colombia. 


103 


every  vvliere  very  long  and  lax,  and  the  whole  plumage  indicating  a  bird 
fitted  to  withstand  extreme  cold. 

Color. — ^Adult  (^:  Upper  parts  dark  gray,  between  mouse  gray  and  slate 
color ;  interscapulum  with  indistinct  longitudinal  dusky  streaks  ;  some 
of  the  feathers  slightly  edged  with  pale  smoke  gray  ;  wings  black,  all  the 
feathers  edged  with  gray  like  the  back ;  tail  black,  with  narrow  gray 
edges ;  under  parts  gray  (No.  6  of  Ridgway) ;  center  of  belly  and  under 
tail  coverts  somewhat  varied  by  indistinct  cross-bars  of  pale  smoke  gray  ; 
bill,  feet,  and  tarsus  black  ;  '  iris  hazel.'* 

Adult  9  :  Heavily  streaked  throughout;  upper  parts  sepia,  rather 
paler  on  cervix  and  shading  into  brownish  slate  on  rump  and  upper  tail- 
coverts,  witli  broad  blackish  striations ;  wings  dusky  brown  edged  with 
sepia,  except  greater  and  middle  coverts,  which  are  edged  with  Isabella 
color;  tail  dusky  brown  edged  with  grayish;  throat,  breast,  flanks,  and 
sides  wood  brown ;  belly  and  under  tail-coverts  grayish  white ;  under 
parts  streaked  throughout  with  blackish,  most  heavily  on  breast  and 
sides,  less  so  on  throat  and  center  of  belly  ;  bill  blackish,  base  of  lower 
mandible  paler,  more  yellowish. 

Measurements. 


No. 

Sex. 

Wing. 

Tail. 

Tarsus. 

Exposed 
culm  en. 

6238,  tvpe 

J^  ad. 
(^  ad. 
9  ad. 
9  ad. 

82. 
83. 
81. 
82. 

59. 
60. 
59. 
57.     ■ 

23. 
23. 
23.4 
23.4 

10. 

6240 

10.2 

6246 

10 

6244  

10.2 

Remarks. — I  am,  of  course,  not  familiar  with  H.  uniforinisScl.  and  Salv. 
of  Jalapa,  Mexico,  the  type  being  unique,  but  the  description  indicates 
a  very  difterent  bird  from  mine,  and  the  measurements  show  it  to  be 
smaller. 

Mr.  Brown  found  the  new  species  at  the  edge  of  snow,  at  15,000  feet, 
on  El  Paramo  de  Chiruqua,  where  he  took  thirteen  specimens  in  Feb. 
and  March,  1899.  At  no  other  station  in  the  mountains  did  he  get  spec- 
imens.    Some  of  the  birds  taken  in  February  were  moulting. 


Myospiza  manimbe  (Licht.). 

One  female  from  Paramo  de  Macotama,  9,000  feet,  Mar.  3,  1899. 

Arremonops   caneusf  Bangs. 

At  Mr.  Ridgway's  request  I  sent  him,  a  short  time  ago,  the  three  speci- 
mens upon  wliich  I  based  this  form.     He  detected  an  error  in  my  former 

*  Noted  by  Mr.  Brown  from  fresh  specimens. 

t Described  as  Arremonops  conirostris  caneus   Bangs.  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.i 
Washington,  vol.  XII,  p.  140,  June  3,  1898. 


104     Bangs — On  ^Somc  Birds  from.  Santa  3Iarta,  Colomhla. 

account  of  them  that  must  be  corrected.  The  type,  adult  male,  is  all  right, 
and  is  so  different  from  A.  coniroslris  as  to  deserve  full  specific  rank.  The 
two  females  that  I  included  under  the  same  name,  however,  prove  not  to 
belong  to  this  species  at  all,  but  are  so  close  to  examples  of  ^.  veneziidensis 
Ridgway,  that  Mr.  Ridgway  does  not  consider  them  even  subspecifically 
separable.  Thus  another  species  should  be  added  to  the  fauna  of  the 
Sierra  Nevada  de  Santa  Marta. 

Arremonops  venezuelensis  Ridgw. 

Two  females  taken  near  Santa  Marta  in  .Jan.,  1898.  This  is  a  much  smaller 
bird  than  A.  cnneus,  besides  being  different  in  color.  The  back  is  pure 
greenish  olive,  this  color  also  suffusing  the  gray  of  neck  and  crown.  A. 
caneus  has  the  whole  head  (between  black  stripes),  neck,  and  upper  back 
gray,  gradually  shading  into  grayish  olive  on  lower  back  and  rump. 

Buariemon  basilicus  Bangs. 

Four  specimens,  three  males  and  one  female,  from  Chirua  and  San  Fran- 
cisco. I  founded  this  species  upon  one  adult  male  taken  at  Pueblo 
Viejo  at  an  altitude  of  8,000  feet,  and  the  three  males  in  the  present  .series 
agree  with  it  exactl5^  The  female  is  rather  smaller  and  slightly  different 
ill  color,  the  main  difference  being  that  the  olive  of  the  back  extends  up 
the  crown  between  the  two  black  stripes.  In  the  males  this  central  crown 
stripe  is  gray. 

Schistochlamys  atra  (Gmel.). 

Eleven  specimens,  both  sexes,  from  La  Ooncepcion  and  San  Antonio. 

Pcecilothiaupis  melanogenys  Salv.  and  Godm. 

Twenty  specimens,  taken  at  all  stations  between  7,500  and  12,000  feet. 
Of  this  beautiful  tanager,  peculiar  to  the  Santa  Marta  mountaius,  Mr. 
Brown  had  before  taken  but  one  specimen. 

Chlorophonia  frontalis  (Scl.). 

Ten  specimens,  both  sexes,  from  Chirua,  La  Ooncepcion,  and  San 
Miguel.  Without  siieciuiens  from  Venezuela  for  comparison,  I  must  let 
the  Santa  Marta  bird  stand  as  C.  frontalis. 

Piranga  faceta  Bangs. 

Four  examples,  one  adult  male  and  three  young  males,  from  La  Ooncep- 
cion and  San  Miguel.  The  adult  is  in  every  way  similar  to  the  type,  but 
is  in  much  more  worn  pluuiage.  The  young  uiales  are  in  a  i>lumage  sim- 
ilar to  that  of  the  adult  female,  except  that  orange  red  feathers  are  ap- 
pearing in  small  irregular  patches  both  above  and  below. 


On  Some  Birds  from  Santa  Marta,  Colombia.         105 

Atticoia  cyanoleuca  (Vieill.)- 

Seven  specimens,  both  sexes,  all  from  La  Concepcion ;  altitude,  3,000 
feet. 

Vireo  josephae  (Scl.). 
One  male  from  El  Paramo  de  Macotama.  11,000  feet,  Feb.  r>,  1899. 

Conirostrum  rufum  Lafr. 

Five  specimens,  both  sexes,  from  Paramo  de  Chiruqua  and  Paramo  de 
Macotama;  altitude,  11,000  feet. 

Helminthophila  pinus  (Linn.). 

One  adult  male,  Chirua,  Mar.  21,  1899.  This  bird  is  interesting,  iiav- 
ing  broad,  conspicuous  yellow  wing  bars. 

Seiurus  noveboracensis  (Gmel.). 

Two  specimens ;  male  from  La  Concepcion,  Mar.  17,  1899,  and  a  female 
from  Chirua,  Feb.  13,  1899. 

Seiurus  noveboracensis  notabilis  (Ridgw.). 
One  male  from  Chirua,  Feb.  7,  1899. 

Geothlypis  Philadelphia  (Wils. ). 

Ten  specimens,  both  sexes,  from  Chirua  and  La  Concepcion,  taken 
from  Feb.  12  to  Mar.  25,  1899.  Most  of  these  birds  are  molting,  and 
the  series  covers  practically  the  complete  spring  molt. 

Cinclus  rivularis*  sj).  nov. 

Tliree  specimens,  two  from  Chirua,  one  from  Paramo  de  Chiruqua  ; 
altitude,  11,000  feet. 

Ti/pe,  from  Chirua,  Colombia;. altitude,  7,000 feet.  No.  6049;  (^  adult, 
coll.  of  E.  A.  and  O.  Bangs.     Collected  Feb.  7,  1899,  by  W.  VV.  Brown,  Jr. 

Specific  character's. — Not  much  like  either  C  lenconotus  or  C.  lencocephaluH; 
general  color  more  grayish  and  less  blackish  ;  under  jiarts  dark  gray  mot- 
tled with  white;  pileum  white  streaked  with  dusky;  throat  white; 
cheeks  dark  gra}^ 

Color. — Pileum  white,  the  center  of  the  feathers  dusky,  giving  a  streaked 
appearance;  back  slate  color,  the  lower  parts  of  the  feathers  white  cen- 
trally (the  white  does  not  show  unless  the  feathers  are  disturbed) ;  rump 
and  upper  tail-coverts  dark  brownish  slate  color;  wings  brownish  black, 
inner  webs  of  primaries  and  secondaries  with  white  central  spots,  this 
white  marking  small  and  inconspicuous  on  second  and  third  primaries, 

*  Rivularis,  of  or  belonging  to  a  small  stream,  rivulet. 


106     Bangs — On  Some  Birds  from  Santa  Marta,  Colombia. 

larger  on  the  other  feathers;  tail  brownish  black;  cheeks  dark  slate; 
throat  white  ;  breast,  belly,  and  nnder  tail-coverts  dark  slate,  irregnlarly 
mottled  and  varied  with  white.  (In  the  type  there  is  but  little  white, 
mostly  concealed,  on  under  parts ;  in  a  topotype  there  is  i-ather  more  ;  in 
the  specimen  from  Paramo  de  Chiruqua  the  center  of  breast  and  belly  is 
considerably  mottled  with  white).  Flanks  and  sides  brownish  slate;  '  fi'ont 
of  tarsus  light  blue,  behind  dusky  ;  iris  hazel; '  *  bill  black. 

Measurements. — Type,  adult  (J':  Wing,  88;  tail,  47 ;  tarsus,  o0.6;  ex- 
posed culmen,  12.  Adult  9,  No.  6050,  from  Paramo  de  Chiruqua:  Wing, 
82;  tail,  44;  tarsus,  29.4;  exposed  culmen,  12. 

Troglodytes  monticola  f  sp.  nov. 

Five  specimens,  adult  male  and  female,  and  three  young,  from  Paramo 
de  Chiruqua  and  Paramo  de  Macotama,  from  11,000  to  15,000  feet. 

Type  i\'o\w  Paramo  de  Chiruqua,  Colombia;  altitude,  15,000  feet.  No. 
6066,  9  adult,  coll.  of  E.  A.  and  0.  Bangs.  Collected  Mar.  25,  1899,  by 
W.  W.  Brown,  Jr. 

Specific  characters. — With  a  distinct  superciliary  streak  as  in  T.  brunnei- 
coUis  of  southern  Mexico  and  2'.  rufociluitus  of  Guatemala.  Larger  than 
either  of  these  and  differing  much  in  color  and  markings. 

Color. — Adult  9 ,  type,  in  fresh  plumage  :  Pileum  and  cervix  rich  russet  > 
back,  rump,  upjier  tail-coverts,  scapulars,  tertials,  and  wing-coverts  rus- 
set, finely,  but  strongly,  barred  with  dusky;  primaries  and  secondaries 
dusky,  with  dull  yellowish-white  notches  along  outer  webs;  tail  dusky, 
with  irregular,  wavy  cross-bars  (often  broken)  of  dull  grayish  brown  ; 
conspicuous  superciHary  streak  tawny-ochraceous;  auriculars  tawny,  just 
behind  eye  darker,  almost  dusky  ;  throat  and  jugulum  ending  in  an  even 
line,  dull  tawny-ochraceous;  breast,  in  the  middle  pinkish  buff,  toward 
sides  buff  with  dusky  cross-bars;  belly  soiled  white,  with  dusky  cross- 
bars; flanks  and  sides  dull  buff,  with  broad  dusky  cross-bars;  under  tail- 
coverts  white,  with  dusky  cross-bars. 

An  adult  (^,  No.  6017,  from  Paramo  de  Macotama,Mar.  11, 1899,  is  similar, 
but  is  in  worn  plumage,  the  feathers  being  considerably  abraded.  The 
color  above  is  richer,  bordering  on  hazel,  and  the  cross  bars  on  back  are 
less  distinct;  below  it  is  more  deeply  colored,  and  the  differences  in  shade 
between  throat,  breast,  and  belly  are  less  evident.  All  these  differences 
are  probably  due  to  wearing  of  the  feathers. 

The  young  differ  from  adults  in  being  less  barred  above  and  in  having 
the  under  parts  Isabella  color — a  little  darker  on  sides — freckled  with 
dusky.  The  new  feathers  appearing  on  the  throat  are  like  those  of  the 
adult. 

Measurements. — Type,  adult  $  :  Wing,  54 ;  tail,  39.4 ;  tarsus,  21  ;  ex- 
posed culmen,  11.8.  Adult  J*,  No.  6067:  Wing,  54;  tail,  39.6;  tarsus, 
22;  exposed  culmen,  12. 2.  J 

*  Noted  by  Mr.  Brown  from  a  fresh  specimen — the  type, 
t  Monticola,  a  mountaineer,  dweller  in  the  mountains. 
J  The  wings  and  tail  of  the  male  are  somewhat  worn,  and  therefore 
these  measurements  are  a  little  too  short. 


()n  Some  Birds  from  Saiifa  Jfarta,  Colomhta.  107 

Rrmarls. — Tlie  discovery  of  this  wren  in  tlie  higher  Sierra  Nevada  car- 
ries the  range  of  the  group  of  house  wrens  having  conspicuously  colored 
superciliaries  into  South  America  proper.  The  species  is  very  different 
from  either  of  the  two  before  known. 

Microcerculus  marginatus  Sol. 
One  adult  male  from  Chirua,  Mar.  13,  1899. 

Hylocichla  ustulata  swainsoni  (Cab.). 
One  female  from  Chirua,  Feb.  16,  1899. 

Merula  gigas  cacozela  Bangs. 

Eighteen  s])ecimens,  taken  at  San  Miguel,  Paramo  de  Chiruqua,  and 
Paramo  de  Macotama.  All  agree  with  the  original  pair  from  Macotama, 
upon  which  I  based  the  subspecies. 

Merula  olivatra  Lafr. 

Two  males  from  La  Concepcion  ;  altitude,  3,000  feet. 

I  have  compared  these  with  the  types  of  Merula  olivatra  which  are  in 
the  collection  of  the  Boston  Society  of  Natural  History.  There  are  two 
specimens  in  fine  condition  and  apparently  only  a  little  faded,  tliough 
they  were  for  some  years  exposed  to  the  light  as  mounted  specimens. 
In  color  they  agree  with  the  two  skins  taken  by  Mr.  Brown,  when  due 
allowance  is  made  for  the  slight  finding  that  has  undoubtedly  taken  place. 
They  are,  however,  smaller  in  every  proportion.  The  wing  measurement 
of  the  two  Lafresnaye  types  is  115  and  118  mm.  respectively,  while  in 
the  La  Concepcion  birds,  both  males,  it  is  122  and  124  mm. 

When  we  know  more  about  the  range  and  variations  of  this  rare  thrush 
it  may  be  found  that  there  are  two  races.  For  the  present  I  prefer  to 
leave  the  Colombian  bird  with  true  M.  oUcatra. 

Merula  albiventris   fusa  *  subsp.  nov. 

Fourteen  specimens,  both  sexes,  from  Chirua,  La  Concepcion,  San 
Miguel,  and  San  Francisco.     Taken  in  Jan.,  Feb.,  and  Mar.,  1899. 

Ti/pe,  from  Chirua,  Colombia;  altitude,  7,000  feet.  No.  0080,  $  adult, 
coll.  of  E.  A.  and  0.  Bangs.  Collected  Feb.  11,  1899,  by  W.  W.  Brown, 
Jr. 

finbspecific  characters. — Much  larger  than  true  M.  albiretitrls  Spix,  of 
Brazil ;  colors  and  pattern  of  coloration  similar,  except  that  the  head  is 
grayer — shading  from  grayish  olive  on  forehead  and  crown  to  olive  gray 
on  cervix,  where  the  gray  meets  the  olive  of  the  back  much  more  aljruptly. 
'  Bill  dull  green  ;  iris  brown  ;  'f  sexes  alike. 


*  Fusus,  large,  plump,  full. 

t  Noted  by  Mr.  Brown  from  fresh  specimen. 

24— Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  Vol.  XIII,  1899 


108     Ba))r/s — Oh  Some  Birds  from  Santa  Maria,  Colombia. 

Measurements. 


No. 


6080,  type 

6071 

6074 

6076 

6079 

6078 

6072  

6073 

6075 

6077 


Sex. 


9  ad. 
cfad. 
J*  ad. 
c?  ad. 
?  ad. 
c^ad. 
cjad. 
?  ad. 
$  ad. 
c?ad. 


Wing. 

Tail. 

124 

103 

121.5 

100 

122 

99.5 

120 

98.5 

120.5 

103 

120.5 

100 

119.5 

98 

118 

96 

117.5 

96 

119 

96 

Tarsus. 


32.5 

32 

31.5 

32.5 

32 

32.5 

33 

31 

31.5 


Exposed 
culinen. 


19.5 

20 

20 

19.5 

20 

20 

19.5 

19.5 

20 

19.5 


Remarks. — This  new  form  of  the  white-bellied  tlirush  is  in  all  proba- 
bility not  confined  to  the  Sierra  Nevada  de  Santa  Marta.  but  is  a  large 
northern  subspecies.  True  M.  ulhirentris  of  Brazil  is  a  much  smaller  bird, 
besides  differing  somewhat  in  the  color  of  the  head.  The  young  bird,  in 
nestling  plumage,  from  Palomina,  taken  May  21,  1898,  that  I  recorded  as 
probably  the  young  of  Merula  incompta*  proves  on  examination  to  be 
the  young  of  M.  albiventris  fusa. 


Merula  phaeopyga   minuscula  Bangs. 

Ten  specimens,  nine  males  and  one  female,  from  La  Concepcion  and 
Chirua.     All  these  agree  closely  with  the  original  specimens. 

Platycichla  flavipes  carbonaria  (Licht.). 

Seven  specimens,  both  sexes,  from  Chirua,  La  Concepcion,  and  San 
Miguel. 

Catharus  fuscater  (Lafr.). 

One  adult  male  from  Chirua,  Feb.  5.  1899.  'Iris  white;  orbital  ring 
reddish  orange  ;  bill  reddish  orange,  but  apex  of  culmen  dusky  ;  tarsus 
light  orange.'  f 

*Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Washington,  vol.  XII,  p.  182,  1898. 
t  Noted  by  Mr.  BroM'n  from  the  fresh  specimen. 


Vol.  XIII,  pp.  109-121  December  30,  1899 

PROCEEDINGS 


OF    THE 


BIOLOGICAL  SOCIETY  OF  WASHINGTON 


THE   BOTANICAL  EXPLORATIONS 

OF      • 

THOMAS  NUTTALL  IN  CALIFORNIA. 
BY  fredp:rick  v.  coville. 


I  was  puzzled  recently,  in  reading  some  references  to  Thomas 
Nuttall's  botanical  work  in  California,  at  discrepancies  in  vari- 
ous statements  regarding  time  and  place,  and  this  led  to  a 
careful  examination  of  the  available  records  regarding  his  work 
in  that  State. 

Professor  W.  11.  Brewer,*  to  Avhom  one  naturally  turns  for 
information  about  botanical  explorations  in  California,  states 
that  Nuttall's  collections  there  were  made  "  during  a  part  of  the 
year  1835."  This  there  was  reason  to  doubt,  and  looking 
further  I  found  that  Professor  Brewer's  authority  for  the  state- 
ment was  probably  Elias  Durand's  "  Biographical  notice  of  the 
late  Thomas  Nuttall."t 

In  this  article  Durand  states,  on  page  311 : 

"There  [at  the  Sandwich  Islands]  he  remained  a  couple  of  months 
[after  January  5, 1835],  visiting  the  different  islands  of  that  happy  group 
and  collecting  plants  and  sea-shells ;  thence,  separating  from  his  com- 
panion, Mr.  [.John  K.]  Townsend,  he  took  passage  on  board  a  vessel  sail- 
ing for  the  coast  of  California,  where  he  landed  early  in  the  spring,  to 
enjoy  new  emotions  of  pleasure.  All  again  was  new  to  him!  He  re- 
mained in  California  a  great  part  of  the  spring  and  summer,  actively 
engaged  in  mailing  collections,  and  returned  to  the  Sandwicli  Islands, 


*In  Brewer  &  Watson,  Bot.  Cal.,  II,  555,  1880. 
tProc.  Am.  Phil.  Soc,  VII,  297-315,  1801. 

25— Biol.  Sou.   \V.\sii.,   Voi,.    XIII,  1809 


(109) 


110     CoviUe — Botanical  Exploration^^  of  Thomas  Nuttall. 

where  he  embarked  on  a  Boston  vessel  to  come  back  to  the  United  States 
round  Cape  Horn.  Mr.  Nuttall  arrived  in  Boston  in  the  beginning  of 
October,  1835." 

This  statement  of  Durand,it  now  appears,  is  incorrect  in  that 
Nuttall  (lid  not  separate  from  Townsend  in  the  Hawaiian 
Islands,  did  not  sail  at  this  time  for  California,  did  not  spend 
the  following  spring  and  summer  in  California,  did  not  embark 
for  Boston  from  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  and  did  not  reach  Boston 
in  1835.* 

Nuttall,  in  company  with  Townsend,  embarked  at  Honolulu, 
Hawaiian  Islands,  March  26,  1835,  on  the  American  ))rig  May 
Dacre  and  entered  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia  on  April  16 
following. t 

Under  date  of  July  11,  1835,  Mr.  Townsend  states:]:  that  Nut- 
tall "has  just  returned  from  the  Dalles,  where  he  has  been 
spending  some  weeks."  Under  date  of  October  1,  1835,  refer- 
ring to  a  Hudson  Bay  Company's  vessel  in  which  Dr.  Gairdner, 
one  of  the  company's  surgeons,  had  sailed  a  few  days  before 
from  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia  to  the  Hawaiian  Islands, 
Townsend  says : 

"My  companion,  INIr.  Nuttall,  was  also  a  passenger  in  the  same  vessel. 
From  the  [Hawaiian]  islands  he  will  probably  visit  California,  and  either 
return  to  the  Columbia  by  the  next  ship  and  take  the  route  across  the 
mountains  or  double  Cape  Horn  to  reach  ins  home." 

From  the  records  thus  cited  it  is  evident  that  Nuttall  si)ent 
the  spring  and  summer  of  1835  on  the  Columbia  River  in  Ore- 
gon and  Washington,  not  in  California.  It  may  seem  strange  to 
the  reader  that  Nuttall,  wishing  to  go  to  California  from  the 
Columbia,  did  not  make  the  journey  overland,  or  at  least  take 
a  vessel  down  the  coast.  The  fact  is  that  he  did  not  do  this 
simply  because  he  could  not.  Up  to  that  time  there  was  no 
land  route  from  the  Willamette  to  the  Sacramento  across  the 
mountains  of  the  Umpqua  and  the  Rogue  rivers  and  the  terrible 
Siskiyous.  As  for  a  coastwise  vessel  from  the  Columbia  to  a 
California  port,  that  was  a  rare  occurrence.     The  trade  of  the 

*  Since  this  article  was  written  Dr.  John  W.  Harshberger's  book  on 
"The  Botanists  of  Philadelphia  and  Their  Work"  has  appeared,  with  tlie 
same  errors,  doubtless  also  on  the  authority  of  Durand. 

t  Townsend,  John  K.  Narrative  of  a  journey  across  the  Rockj'  Moun- 
tains, etc.,  pages  215,  2bS,  18:i<). 

I  Op.  cit.,224. 


Botanical  Explorations  of  Thomas  Nuttall.  Ill 

Columbia  was  exclusively  a  fur  trade,  and,  while  the  trading 
vessels  went  frequently  to  the  Hawaiian  Islands  to  get  provis- 
ions or  sometimes  to  take  on  a  cargo  of  sandal-wood  for  delivery 
at  some  eastern  Asiatic  port,  they  seldom  had  occasion  to  stop 
in  California  as  thej^  sailed  to  or  from  Cape  Horn. 

Of  Nuttall's  movements  immediately  after  the  1st  of  October, 

1835,  we  have  only  an  indirect  record.  Presumably  he  reached 
Honolulu,  as  he  intended,  and  certainly  he  must  have  sailed  al- 
most immediately  for  California,  for  his  collections  from  the 
Hawaiian  Islands  are  very  scanty  and  probably,  indeed,  were 
all  made  during  his  previous  visit  there. 

In  the  absence  of  any  direct  account  of  Nuttall's  movements 
in  Calift)rnia,  it  seemed  best  to  collate  the  type  localities  of  the 
new  species  of  plants  described  by  him  as  collected  in  that  State, 
and  with  this  in  view  a  search  has  been  made  through  the  works 
in  which  most  of  these  California  collections  were  published, 
namely,  the  seventh  and  eighth  volumes  of  the  Transactions  of 
the  American  Philosophical  Society,  new  series,  1840  to  1843, 
and  in  Torrey  and  Gray's  Flora  of  North  America,  1838  to  1843. 
As  a  result,  it  appears  that  Nuttall's  California  collections  were 
made  at  Monterey,  Santa  Barbara,  San  Pedro  (the  port  of  Los 
Angeles),  and  San  Diego,  in  March,  April,  and  May,  1836.  He 
did  not  visit  the  California  coast  north  of  Monterey. 

At  San  Diego  Nuttall  secured  passage  for  Boston  on  the  vessel 
Alert,  which  was  carrying  a  load  of  hides  from  California  to  New 
England  by  way  of  Cape  Horn.     She  left  San   Diego  May  8, 

1836.  This  voyage  has  an  added  interest  from  the  fact  that  the 
vessel  carried  also  the  Massachusetts  boy,  R.  H.  Dana,  who  after- 
ward wrote  ''  Two  Years  before  the  Mast."  His  references  to 
Nuttall  are  interesting. 

"This  passenger,  the  first  and  only  one  we  Iiad  had  [on  board  the  trad- 
ing vessel  Alert,  of  Boston],  except  to  go  from  port  to  port,  on  the  coast, 
was  no  one  else  tlian  a  gentleman  whom  I  had  known  in  my  better  days, 
and  the  last  person  I  should  have  expected  to  have  seen  on  the  coast  of 
California,  Professor  [Thomas]  N[uttall],  of  Cambridge,  [Massachusetts]. 
I  had  left  him  quietly  seated  in  the  chair  of  Botany  and  Ornithology,  in 
Harvard  University,  and  the  next  T  saw  of  him  was  strolling  about  San 
Diego  beach,  California,  in  a  sailor's  pea-jacket,  with  a  wide  straw  hat, 
and  barefooted,  with  his  trousers  rolled  up  to  his  knees,  picking  up  stones 
and  shells.  He  had  traveled  overland  to  the  Northwest  Coast,  and  come 
down  in  a  small  vessel  to  Monterey.  [Dana  evidently  knew  nothing 
al)Out  Nuttall's  trips  to  the  Hawaiian  Islands.]     There  he  learned  that 


112-     Covillc — Botanical  Explorations  of  Thomas  Nuttall. 

there  was  a  ship  at  the  leeward  about  to  sail  for  Boston,  and,  taking  pas- 
sage in  the  Pilgrim,  which  was  then  at  Monterey,  he  came  slowly  down, 
visiting  the  intermediate  ports  and  examining  tlie  trees,  plants,  earths, 
birds,  &c.,  and  joined  us  at  8an  Diego  shortly  before  we  sailed.  The 
second  mate  of  the  Pilgrim  told  me  that  they  had  got  an  old  gentleman 
on  board  who  knew  me  and  came  from  tlie  college  that  I  had  been  in. 
He  could  not  recollect  his  name,  l)ut  said  lie  was  a  '  sort  of  an  oldish 
man,'  with  white  hair,  and  spent  all  his  time  in  the  bush  and  along  the 
beach,  picking  up  flowers  and  shells  and  such  truck,  and  had  a  dozen 
boxes  and  barrels  full  of  tliem.  I  thought  over  everybody  who  would  be 
likely  to  be  there,  but  could  fix  upon  no  one,  when,  the  next  day,  just  as 
we  were  about  to  shove  off  from  the  beach,  he  came  down  to  the  boat  in 
the  rig  I  have  described,  with  his  shoes  in  his  hand  and  his  pockets  full 
of  spechnens.  I  knew  him  at  once,  though  I  should  not  have  been  more 
surprised  to  have  seen  the  Old  South  steeple  shoot  up  from  the  hide  house. 
He  probably  had  no  less  difficulty  in  recognizing  me.  As  we  left  home 
about  the  same  time,  we  had  nothing  to  tell  one  another;  and,  owing  to 
our  different  situations  on  board  [Dana  had  shipped  as  a  common  sailor, 
in  the  forecastle],  I  saw'  but  little  of  him  on  the  passage  home.  Some- 
times, when  I  was  at  the  wheel  of  a  calm  night,  and  the  steering  required 
no  attention,  and  the  officer  of  the  watch  was  forward,  he  would  come 
aft  and  hold  a  short  yarn  with  me;  but  this  was  against  the  rules  of  the 
ship,  as  is,  in  fact,  all  intercourse  between  passengers  and  the  crew.  I 
was  often  amused  to  see  the  sailors  puzzled  to  know  what  to  make  of  him, 
and  to  hear  their  conjectures  about  him  and  his  business.  They  were  as 
much  puzzled  as  our  old  sailmaker  was  with  the  captain's  instruments  in 
the  cabin.  He  .said  there  were  three  :  the  r/o-onometer,  the  c/uvnometer, 
and  </tenometer  (chronometer,  barometer,  and  thermometer).  The  Pil- 
grim's crew  christened  Mr.  N[uttall]  "Old  Curious,"  from  his  zeal  for 
curiosities,  and  some  of  them  said  that  he  was  crazv,  and  that  his  friends 
let  him  go  about  and  anni.se  himself  in  this  way.  Why  else  a  rich  man 
(sailors  call  every  man  rich  who  does  not  work  with  his  hands  and 
wears  a  long  coat  and  cravat)  should  leave  a  Christian  country,  and  come 
to  such  a  place  as  California,  to  pick  up  shells  and  stones,  they  could  not 
understand.  One  of  them,  however,  an  old  salt  who  had  seen  something 
more  of  the  world  ashore,  set  all  to  rights,  as  he  thought :  '  Oh,  'vast  there  ! 
You  don't  know  anything  about  them  craft.  I've  seen  them  colleges,  and 
know  the  ropes.  They  keep  all  such  things  for  curiosities,  and  study  'em, 
and  have  men  a'  purpose  to  go  and  get  'em.  This  old  chap  knows  what 
he's  about.  He  a'n't  the  child  you  take  him  for.  He'll  carry  all  these 
things  to  the  college,  and  if  they  are  better  than  any  that  thej'  have  had 
before,  he'll  be  head  of  the  college.  Then,  by-and-by,  somel>ody  else  will 
go  after  some  more,  and  if  they  beat  him,  he'll  have  to  go  again,  or  else 
give  nj)  his  berth.  That's  the  way  they  do  it.  This  old  covey  knows  the 
ropes.  He  has  worked  a  traverse  over  'em,  and  come  'way  out  here, 
where  nobody's  ever  been  afore,  and  where  they'll  never  think  of  coming.' 
This  explanation  satisfied  Ja(!k  ;  and  as  it  rai.sed  Mr.  Nuttall's  credit  for 


Botanical  Explorations  of  Thomas  Nuttall.  113 

capacity,  and  was  near  enough  to  the  truth  for  common  purposes,  I  did 
not  disturb  it.  With  the  exception  of  Mr.  Nuttall,  we  had  no  one  on 
board  but  tlie  regular  ship's  company,  and  the  live  stock."  * 

On  July  22,  1836,  after  a  hard  and  protracted  storm  oft'  the 
•southern  coast  of  South  America,  Dana  states: 

"  Even  Mr.  Nuttall,  the  passenger,  who  had  kept  in  his  shell  for  nearly 
a  month,  and  hardly  been  seen  by  anybody,  and  who  we  had  almost  for- 
gotten was  on  board,  came  out  like  a  butterfly,  and  was  hopping  around 
as  bright  as  a  bird."  f 

And  again : 

"In  the  general  joy,  Mr.  Nuttall  said  he  should  like  to  go  ashore  upon 
the  island  [Staten  Island,  a  little  east  of  Cape  Horn]  and  examine  a  spot 
which  probably  no  human  being  had  ever  set  foot  upon  ;  but  the  captain 
intimated  that  he  would  see  the  island— specimens  and  all — in— another 
place  before  he  would  get  out  a  boat  or  delay  the  ship  one  moment  for 
him."t 

On  tlie  21st  of  Septeml)er,  1836,  Nuttall  arrived  in  Boston, 
thus  endiug  his  last  important  American  journe\^ 

It  is  important  that  the  new  species  based  on  Nuttall's  Califor- 
nian  collections  be  critically  identified,  and  since  to  many  Cali- 
fornian  botanists  both  the  t3q)e  specimens  and  the  original  de- 
scriptions are  not  readily  accessible,  the  following  list  of  species 
has  been  prepared.  The  list,  arranged  by  type  localities,  includes 
the  species  described  in  Torrey  and  Gray's  Flora  of  North  Amer- 
ica, 1838  to  1813,  and  in  the  seventh  and  eighth  volumes  of  the 
Transactions  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society,  new  series, 
1810  to  1813.  After  the  original  name  is  given  the  current 
equivalent,  if  different  from  the  original,  and  any  additional  in- 
formation suggested  l)y  the  first  description,  such  as  the  habitat, 
precise  locality,  date  of  collecting  or  flowering,  probable  mis- 
identification,  or  incorrect  use  of  a  name.  No  attempt  has  been 
made  to  identif}^  the  species  critically.  It  is  hoped  that  this 
information  will  be  used  b}^  Californian  botanists  in  making 
collections  of  these  plants  at  their  type  localities,  so  that  ample 
material  for  careful  study  may  be  available  in  American  herbaria- 

*[Dana,  R.  H.]     Two  Years  before  the  Mast,  ;i59-;^,r)l,  1S40. 
top.  cit.,  412. 
;  Op.  cit.,  412-413. 


114     Coville — Botanical  Explorations  of  Thomas  Nattall. 


LIST  OF  PRINCIPAL  NEW  SPECIES  BASED  ON  NUTTALL'S 
CALIFORNIAN  COLLECTIONS. 

Collected  at  Monterey. 

BRASSK'ACEAE. 

Dentaiia  integrifolia  Niitt.     Plains  of  Monterey. 

Erysimum  grandiflorum  Nutt.  =  CheirnritJius  capitatus  Dongl.  On  the 
sand  hills  of  Point  Pinos,  near  Monterey.     March. 

Lepidum  californicum  Nntt.  ^=  Lepidinm  menziesii  DC.  It  may  be  well 
to  note  that  although  L.  californicurn  is  referred  by  recent  authors  to  L. 
menziesii,  the  latter  is  considered  by  Dr.  Roljiiison  in  theSjnioptical  Flora 
a  plant  of  the  Northwest  Coast,  a  district  far  removed  phytogeographic- 
ally  from  Monterey.  This  suggests  the  need  of  further  critical  exanuna- 
tion  of  the  Monterey  plant. 

VICIA(E.\E. 

Drepanolobus  lanatus  Nutt.  =  Lo^u.s  tomenlusus  (Hook.  &.  Arn.) 
Greene.     Dry  liills  in  the  shade,  near  Monterey. 

Hosackia  micranthus  [-tha]  Nutt.  =:  L(}tns  Jiamalns  Greene.  Near 
^lonterey,  March  to  April. 

Hosackia  nudiflora  Nutt.  =  Lotus  andiftorusC^nit.)  Greene.  Gravelly 
hills  near  ]\Ionterey,  March. 

Hosackia  strigosa  Nutt.  =  Lotus  slrhjosns  (Nutt.)  Greene.  Dry  grav- 
elly hills  near  Monterey,  March. 

KIIAMNACEAE. 

Ceanothus  rigidus  Nutt.     Bushy  woods  near  Monterey,  March. 

Rhamnus  cioceus  [-cea]  Nutt.  Bushy  hills  and  thickets  around 
Monterey. 

Rhamnus  laurifolius  [ia]  Nutt.  =  Rhamtuis  colifiniuea  Esch.  The  type 
specimens  were  collected  near  Monterey  and  near  Santa  Barbara  also. 

CISTACEAE. 

Helianthemum  scopaiium  Nutt.  Common  on  dry  hills  around  Mon- 
terey. 

ONAGRAC'EAE. 

Oenothera  ovata  Nutt.  =  Turaxia  ovata  (Nutt.)  Small.  Common  in 
moist  plains  in  the  inmiediate  vicinity  of  Monterey,  March. 

ElilCACEAE. 

Arctostaphylos  acuta  Nutt.  =  Arctostaphylos  piuinla  Nutt.,  witli  which 
it  was  originally  collected. 


Botanical  Explorations  of  Thomas  Nuttall.  11  o 

Aictostaphylos  pumila  Nutt.  Around  ^Monterey,  tlu\veiin<i  in  March 
and  April. 

Xylococcus  bicolor  Nutt.  =  Arctostaphylos  bicolor  (Nutt.)  Gray.  This 
was  the  type  species  of  Nuttall's  genus  Xylococcus. 

CARDUACEAE. 

Artemisia  foliosa  Nutt.  =  Artemisia  californica  Less.  Common  around 
Monterey. 

Stylocline  gnaphaloides  Nutt.     Near  Monterey. 

Collected  at  Santa  Barbara. 

RANUNCULACEAE. 

Paeonia  californica  Nutt.  INIargins  of  bushy  plains  and  in  the  moun- 
tain valleys  in  the  vicinity  of  Santa  Barbara,  March  and  April. 

Lepidium  lasiocarputa  Nutt.     Near  Santa  Barbara. 

Lepidium  nitidum  Nutt.     Near  Santa  Barbara. 

Streptanthus  arcuatus  Nutt.  =  Arabis arcuata  (Nutt.)  Gray.  Shelving 
rocks  on  high  hills  near  Santa  Barbara. 

Streptanthus  repandus  Nutt.  This  plant  has  remained  unidentified 
since  the  publication  of  Nuttall's  original  description,  and  no  mention  of 
tlie  plant  is  made  by  Dr.  Watson  in  the  Synoptical  Flora.  Nuttall's 
original  description  is  as  follows: 

"  Hirsute,  pxrticularly  the  lower  part;  leaves  oblong-lanceolate,  elon- 
gated, clasping,  angularly  toothed  or  repand  above  (flowers  white) ;  petals 
about  as  long  as  the  calyx.  St.  Barbara,  Upper  California.  Stem  simple, 
about  2  feet  high.  Pedicels  shorter  than  the  calyx.  Sepals  and  petals 
linear." 

Thysanocarpus  crenatus  Nutt.  This  plant  and  the  following  are 
usually  treated  as  belonging  to  the  same  species,  crenatus  being  made  a 
variety  of  laciniat as.  Crenatus,  however,  by  the  rule  of  precedence  is  tlie 
proper  specific  name. 

Thysanocarpus  laciniatus  Nutt.     See  remarks  under  the  preceding. 

RESEDACEAE. 

Ellimia  ruderalis  Nutt.  =  Dipetalia  subulata  (Del. )  Kuntze.  This  plant 
was  the  type  of  Nuttall's  genus  ElUniia. 

SAXIFRAGACEAE. 

Lithophragma  cymbalaria  Torr.  &,  Gr.  Shady  woods  near  Santa 
Barbara. 

RIBACEAE. 

Ribes  villosum  Nutt.  This  is  commonly  referred  to  Ribes  divaricatum 
Dougl.,  a  species  of  the  Northwest  Coast.  Nuttall  found  it  common  on 
the  plain  near  the  village  of  Santa  Barbara. 


116     Coville — Botanical,  Explorations  of  Thomas  NuHall. 

KOSACEAK. 

Alchemilla  cuneifolia  Nutt.     Referred  by  most  authors  to  Alvheinilla 
arveiiais  ( L. )  Scop.     Professor  Greene,  however,  in  Flora  Franciscana,  page 
62,  maintains  it  as  distinct  from  that  species,  basing  his  opinion  on  Nnt- 
tall's  description.     It  was  original!}'  collected  on  "  dryplai*is,  St.  [Santa] 
Barbara." 

Cercocarpus  betuloides  Nutt.     Mountains  of  Santa  Barbara,  April. 

VICIACEAE. 

Amorpha  californica  Nutt.     Near  the  coast.  May. 

Hosackia  crassifolia  Nutt.  Dr.  Gray  referred  this  plant  to  Hosackia 
scoparia  Nntt.  as  a  new  variety,  dijfasa.  Professor  Greene  in  publishing 
his  Lotus  ghiber  (Pittonia  2;  14.S,  1S90)  cited  Hosackia  scoparia  Nutt.  as  a 
synonym,  but  made  no  mention  of  the  variety  or  of  Nuttall's  Hosackia 
crassifcjlia.     It  was  collected  by  Nuttall  on  dry  iiillsides  near  the  sea. 

Hosackia  maiitima  Nutt.  =  Lo^(.s  salsiujiiidxus  Greene.  Clayey  soils 
and  on  l)roken  declivities  near  the  sea,  March. 

Hosackia  ochroleuca  Nutt.  =  Xo/«.s  grandiJJorus  (Benth.)  Greene. 
Shady  mountain  woods  near  Santa  Barbara,  March  to  April. 

Hosackia  prostratus  [-ta]  Nutt.  =  Lotus  nnttallianus  Greene.  Plains 
near  the  sea,  Santa  Barbara,  April,  and  also  at  San  Diego. 

Hosackia  scoparia  Nutt.  -=  Lotus  glaher  (Vogel)  Greene.  Dry  hillsides 
near  the  sea,  March  to  April. 

Phaca  canescens  Nutt.  ■=  Astragalus  leucopsis  (Torr.  &  Gr.)  Torr.  Bor- 
ders of  woods  near  the  sea. 

Phaca  tricopoda  Nutt.  =^  Astragalus  tricopodus  (Nutt.)  Gray.  Borders 
of  woods  near  the.  sea,  April. 

Pickeringia  montana  ^nit.  ^=  XglofJiermia  mnntana  (Nutt.)  Greene. 
Summits  of  the  mountains  in  the  vicinity  of  Santa  Barbara.  This  was 
the  type  of  Nuttall's  genus  Pickeringia. 

Trifolium  aciculare  Nutt.     Plains  of  Santa  Barbara,  March  to  April. 

Trifolium  polyphyllum  Nutt.  This  is  one  of  the  clovers  that  have  been 
referred  by  various  authors,  without  sutticiently  critical  examination,  to 
Trifolium  Iridentatum  Lindl.     "Woods  around  Santa  Barbara,  April. 

Trifolium  spinulosum  triste  Torr.  &  Gr.  This  plant  is  identified  l)y 
Professor  Greene  with  Trifolluni  tHiriegatum  ma/us  Loja,  a  reference  which, 
if  maintained,  requires  a  change  in  the  varietal  name. 

ANACARDIACEAE. 

Rhus  laurina  Nutt.     On  bushy  plains  near  Santa  Barbara. 

Styphonia  integrifolia  Nutt.=JR/ut.s  integrifolia  (Nutt.)  Benth.  &  Hook. 
Common  on  the  margins  of  cliffs  near  the  sea  around  Santa  Barbara  and 
also  at  San  Diego. 

Styphonia  serrata  Nutt.  =  Rhus  integrifolia  (Nutt.)  Benth.  it  Hook., 
with  which  it  was  originally  collected. 


Botanical  Explorations  of  Thomas  Nuttall.  117 


RHAMNACEAE. 

Ceauothus  divaricatus  Nutt.  Near  the  town  of  Santa  Barbara  and  in 
the  neighboring  mountains,  April. 

Ceanothus  hirsutus  Nutt.  In  thiclcets.  See  note  under  Ceanothus 
oligdiitJms. 

Ceanothus  macrocaipus  Nutt.     Mountains  of  Santa  Barbara. 

Ceanothus  oliganthus  Nutt.  Bushy  woods  on  the  hills  of  Santa  Bar- 
bara. As  indicated  l)y  Professor  Greene  in  Flora  Franciscana,  page  85,  the 
name  o/«^an^/ius  has  precedence  over  /lirsn/H.s*  and  sliould  beused  in  case 
the  two  plants  prove  to  l^elong  to  the  same  species. 

Ceanothus  spinosus  Nutt.     Mountains  of  Santa  Barbara. 

MALVACEAE. 

Malva  fasciculata  Nutt.  =  Malvastrum  fasciculatum  (Nutt.)  Greene. 

Sida  californica  Nutt.  =  Sidalcea  califoniica  (Nutt.)  Gray. 

Sida  delphinifolia  Nutt.  ^=  Sidalcea  delphinifolia  (Nutt.)  Greene. 

APIACEAE. 

Leptotaenia  californica  Nutt. 

CAMPANULACEAE. 

Dysmicodon  californicum  Nutt.  =  if5ro?(2(Vf  biflora  (Ruiz  it  Pavon) 
Britton.     In  shady  woods  near  Santa  Barbara. 

CARDUACEAE. 

Artemisia  abrotanoides  '^ntt.  =^  Artemisia  californica  Less.  Near 
Santa  Barbara. 

Bahia  trifida  Nutt.  =  Eriophylbim  confertiflorum  trifidum  (Nutt.)  Gray. 

Burrielia  hirsutaNutt.  =  Baeria  gracilis  (DC.)  Gray. 

Burrielia  longifolia  Nutt.  =  Baeria  gracilis  (DC.)  Gray.  Near  Santa 
Barbara. 

Burrielia  parviflora  Nutt.  =  Baeria  gracilis  (DC.)  Gi'ay.    With  the  last. 

Chrysopsis  sessiliflora  Nutt.     Flowering  in  April. 

Carduus  occidentalis  Nutt.     Around  Santa  Barbara. 

Dichaeta  tenella  Nutt.  =  Baeria  tenella  (Nutt.)  Greene.  On  the  mar- 
gins of  ponds  and  wet  places,  flowering  in  April. 

Encelia  californica  Nutt.  Common  on  dry  hills  near  Santa  Barbara, 
flowering  in  April. 

Erigeron  foliosum  [us]  Nutt.     Near  Santa  Barbara,  flowering  in  Ma}'. 

Erigeron  hispidum  [us]  Nutt.  =  Erigeron  glauriis  Ker. 

Gnaphalium  californicum  erubescens  Nutt.  Identified  by  Dr.  Gray 
in  the  Synoptical  Flora  as  a  form  of  G.  ramosissiiniDn  Nutt.,  which  is  a 
later  name.     Near  Santa  Barbara. 

Grindelia  cuneifolia  Nutt. 

20— Biol.  Sue.  Wash.,  Vol.  Xtll,  1S9'.» 


lis     Coville — Botanical  Explorations  of  Thomas  Nuttall. 

Hetherotheca  giandiflora  Nutt.  On  rocks  near  the  sea,  around  Santa 
Barbara. 

Isocoma  vernonioidea  Nutt.  Common  in  marshes  near  the  sea, 
flowering  in  April  and  May. 

Madaroglossa  elegans  Nutt.  ^=  Blepharipappufi  elegans  (Nutt.)  Greene. 

Madaroglossa  hirsuta  Nutt.  =  Bleplutripappns  pintyglossns  (Fisch.  A 
Mey.)  Greene.     Also  at  Monterey. 

Madaroglossa  angustifolia  'Nntt.^=  BlepJud-ipappus  platyyJossns  ( Fisch. 
&  Mey.)  Greene.     Collected  at  Monterey. 

Micropus  angustifolius  Nutt.  =  Micrnpus  californicus  Fisch.  <k  Mey. 

Psilocarphus  globiferus  Nutt.     Around  Santa  Barbara. 

Psilocarphus  tenellus  Nutt.     Near  Santa  Barbara,  flowering  in  Aj)ril. 

Senecio  coronopus  Nutt.  =  Senecio  caUfornicus  DC.  Near  Santa  Bar- 
bara, flowering  in  May. 

Solidago  californica  Nutt.     Near  Santa  Barbara. 

Soliva  daucifolia  Nutt.  =  Saliva  sessilis  Ruiz.  &  Pavon.  On  the  dry 
grassy  downs  within  the  limits  of  Santa  Barbara  and  in  its  immediate 
vicinity. 

CICHORIACEAE. 

Cryptopleura  califomicaNutt.  =  Agoserishelerophylla  (Nutt.)  Greene. 
Near  Santa  Barbara.     This  was  the  type  of  Nuttall's  genua  Cryptopleura. 

Hieracium  argutum  Nutt. 

Leucoseris  saxatilis  Nutt.  =  Mdlacotliriv  sa.vatiUs  (Nutt.)  Torr.  &  Gr. 
On  shelving  rocks  near  the  sea,  flowering  in  April. 

Leucoseris  tenuifoliaNutt.=  Malacothrix  tenuifolia  (Nutt.)  Gray.  On 
the  mountains  near  Santa  Barbara. 


Collected  at  San  Pedro. 

CARDUACEAE. 

Grindelia  robusta  Nutt.     Flowering  in  April. 

Hartmannia  glomerata  Nutt.  =  Deinandra fasciculnta  (DC.)     Greene- 
Common,  flowering  in  April. 

Collected  at  San  Diego. 

PORTULACACEAE. 

Calandrinia  maritima  Nutt.     On  the  seacoast.  May. 

ALSINACEAE. 

Loeflingia  squarrosa  Nutt.     Sandy  plains. 

Polycarpon  depressum  Nutt.     On  bare  sand  hills,  near  San  Diego. 


Botanical  Explorations  of  Thomas  Nuttall.  119 

KANUNCULACEAE. 

Clematis  lasiantha  Nutt.     Near  the  seacoast 

Clematis  parviflora  ^utt=Clematis  jMuciJfora  Nutt.  Locality  the  same 
as  the  hist.  Tlie  rv  in  parviflora  is  a  tj'pographical  error  for  uc,  as  indi- 
cated in  the  supplement  of  Torrey  and  Gray's  Flora  (p.  657),  and  the 
name  used  by  subsequent  authois  has  therefore  been  C.  pauciflora  Nutt. 

BRASSICACEAE. 

Streptanthus  heteiophyllua  Nutt.     Bushy  hills  near  San  Diego. 

CRASSULACKAE. 

Echeveria  lanceolata  '^wii.  =  Cotyledon  lanceolala  (Nutt.)  Bentli.  <k 
Hook. 

Echeveria  pulverulenta  Nutt.  =  Cotyledon  pulverulenta  (Nutt.)  Baker. 
Flowering  in  May. 

Sedum  edule  Nutt.  =  Cotyledon  edulb  (Nutt.)  Brewer.  Edges  of  rocks 
and  ravines. 

CAPPARIDACEAE. 

Isomeris  arborea  Nutt.     This  is  the  type  of  Nuttall's  genus  Isomeris. 

VICIACEAE. 

Hosackia  cytisoides  rubescens  Torr.  &  Gr.  Hosackia  cytisoides  Benth. 
is  now  referred  to  Lotus  benlhami  Greene,  but  Nuttall's  Hosackia  cytisoides 
rubescens  seems  not  to  have  been  critically  identified  in  recent  years. 
Collected  near  San  Diego. 

Lathyrus  strictus  Nutt.=L«%rit.s  restitiis  Nutt.  Bushy  places  around 
San  Diego. 

Lupinus  truncatus  Nutt.  This  species  was  based  on  two  specimens, 
one  collected  by  Douglas  at  San  Francisco,  the  other  by  Nuttall  at  San 
Diego. 

RUTACEAE. 

Pitavia  dumosa  Nutt.  =  Cneoridium  dumosum  (Nutt.)  Hook.  f. 

RHAMNACEAE. 

Ceanothus  verrucosus  Nutt.     Low  hills  near  the  coast. 

CACTACEAE. 

Cereus  californicus  Torr.  &  Gr.  =  Opuntia  califondca  (Torr.  &  Gr.). 
Cereus  californicm  Torr.  &  Gr.  Fl.  1,  555,  1840.  Opuntia  serpentina  Engehn. 
Am.  Jour.  Sci.,  ser.  2,  14,  338,  1852.  The  original  description  of  this 
plant  in  Torrey  and  Gray's  Flora  is  as  follows:  "  Erect  and  shrubby, 
■with  numerous  clusters  of  long  and  short  spines ;  the  branches  somewhat 


120     Coville — Botanical  Explorations  of  Thomas  Ntdfall. 

cj-lindric,  repandly  grooved,  reticulated;  flowers  small,  yellow  ;  fruit  dry 
and  spiny.  Arid  hjlls  and  denuded  tracts  near  St.  Diego,  California, 
common."  Nuttall  apparently  preserved  no  specimen  of  the  plant,  and 
Torrey  and  Gray,  having  only  this  meager  description  as  a  guide,  placed 
the  species  doubtfully  in  the  genus  C'erens.  "We  now  know  that  the  two 
cylindrical-stemmed  l)ranching  cactuses  growing  in  the  vicinity  of  San 
Diego  are  of  the  genus  Ojnnitia,  and  that  the  yellow-flowered  one  is 
Opuntia  serpentina  Engelm.  The  earliest  siiecific  name  of  this  plant  being 
cdlifnrinea,  it  is  here  adopte<l. 

Echinocactus  viridescens  Torr.  &  Gr.     Arid  hills  near  San  Diego. 


ONAGRACEAE. 

Oenothera  bistorta  Nutt.  ^  SpJuierostigmu  historUi  (Nutt.)  Walp. 
Oenothera  epilobioides  Nutt.  =  Godetia  epilohioides  (Nutt.)  Wats. 

ATIACEAE. 

Apiastrum  angustifolium  Nutt.  On  this  and  the  following  species 
Nuttall  based  his  genus  Apiastrum.  Both  were  collected  at' San  Diego  in 
April. 

Apiastrum  angustifolium  tenellum  Nutt.  This,  according  to  Dr. 
J.  N.  Rose,  appears  to  be  only  a  slender  form  of  .4.  angustifolium  Nutt., 
with  which  it  was  originally  collected. 

Apiastrum  latifolium  Nutt.  See  Apiastrum  a ngiistl folium,  to  which  this 
plant  is  referred  l)y  recent  authors. 

Deweya  arguta  Torr.  &  Gr.  =  Velaea  argula  (Torr.  it  Gr.)  Coult.  & 
Rose.     This  species  was  the  type  of  Torrey  and  Gray's  genus  Denrga. 

Buryptera  lucida  x^utt.=^Penre(lanui'n  euri/plera  Gray.  Nuttall's  specific 
name  is  older  than  Gray's  and  should  be  adopted.  This  was  the  type 
species  of  Nuttall's  genus  Enryptera,  and  the  type  specimen  was  collected 
in  April  in  the  "  woods  of  St.  [San]  Diego." 

RUBIACEAE. 

Galium  suffruticosum  Nutt.  =  Galium  nxtlallil  Gray. 

CAMPANULACEAE. 

Nemacladus  ramosissimus  Nutt.  In  sandy  soil  near  San  Diego. 
This  is  the  type  species  of  Nuttall's  genus  Nemacladus. 

CARDUACEAE. 

Aromia  tenuifolia  Nutt.  =  Ainhlgopappus  2nisillus  Hook.  &  Arn.  Near 
the  coast. 

Chaenactis  tenuifolia  Nutt.     Flowering  in  May. 

Franseria  pumila  Nntt.  ^^  Ambrosia  pumila  (Nntt)  Gray.  Near  San 
Diego. 


Botanical  Explorations  of  Thomas  Nuttall.  I'll 

Leptosyne  californica  ^nti.  ~  Leptosyiie  douglasH  DC.  Near  San 
Diego,  flowering  in  the  Ijegiiniing  of  May. 

Madaraglossa  carnosa  l^lntt.  =  Blepharlpappiiscarnosiis  (Nutt.)  Greene. 

Osmadenia  tenella.  ^ntt.  =  Cnlycadenia  tenella  (Nutt.)  Torr.  &  Gr. 
Flowering  in  ]May. 

Pentachaeta  aurea  Nutt.  On  dry  plains  near  the  sea,  in  the  vicinity 
of  San  Diego,  flowering  in  April. 

Ptilomeris  authemoides  'Nutt.  =  Baeria  anthemoides  (Nutt.)  Gray. 
Near  San  Diego. 

Ptilomeris  aristata  Nutt.  =  Baerla  aristala  (Nutt.).  Ptilomeris  aristata 
Nutt.  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  Soc,  new  ser.,  7:  382,  1841.  Dr.  Gray  in  com- 
bining Ptilomeris  aristata  and  P.  coronaria  adopted  the  specific  name  oo/"o- 
naria,  but  by  the  rale  of  precedence  aristata  must  be  used.  Near  San  Diego, 
flowering  in  April. 

Ptilomeris  coronaria  Nutt.  =  Baeria  aristala  {^utt.)  Coville.  Near 
San  Diego. 

Ptilomeris  mutica  Nutt.=i?rt<'y/«  mutica  (Nutt.)  Gray.  With  the  pre- 
ceding. 

Tuckermannia  maritima  ^nit.  =  Leptosyne  maritima  (Nutt.)  Gray. 
On  shelving  rocks  near  the  sea. 

CICHORIACEAE. 

Malacomeris  incanus  Nutt.=  Malacothrix  incana  (Nutt.)  Torr.  &  Gr. 
Collected  on  an  island  in  the  bay  of  San  Diego.  This  species  was  tiie  type 
of  Nuttall's  genus  Malacomeris. 

Rafinesquia  californica  Nutt.  =  iV^i-moser/.s  ca7('/"oni/crt  (Nutt.)  Greene. 
Near  the  seacoast  in  the  vicinity  of  San  Diego.  This  was  the  tyi)e  of 
Nuttall's  genus  Rafinesfjuia. 

Sonchus  fallax  califoniicus  Nutt.  =  Sonchiis  aspcr  L.  jn-esumably.  It 
is  not,  however,  cited  by  (iray  in  the  Synoptical  Flora.  Collected  around 
San  Diego. 

Sonchus  tenuifolius  Nutt.  =  Sonchiis  ienerrimus  L.  In  shady  ravines 
about  San  Diego,  among  rocks. 

Uropappus  grandiflorus  Nutt.  =  3/icrosms  linearifolia  (DC.)  Gray. 
Collected  Ijy  Nuttall  at  Santa  Barbara  also. 

Uropappus  heterocarpus  Nutt.  =  Microseris  lindleyi  (DC.)  Gray. 


Vol.  XIII.  pp.  123127  April  6,  1900 

PROCEEDINGS 


OF  THE 


BIOLOGICAL    SOCIETY    OF    WASHINGTON 


Tiri?EP:  NEW  BATS  FROM  THE  ISLAND  OF 

CURACAO.* 

r.y  (iERRTT  S.  MILT;ER.  .Tit. 


Mr.  Leon  J.  (^iitliric.  United  States  Weather  Observer  at 
Willemstad,  Curayao,  West  Indies,  has  obtained  for  the  United 
States  National  Museum  a  sniall  collection  of  bats  preserved  in 
formalin.  Though  representinty  oidy  a  fraction  of  the  probaV)le 
bat  fauna  of  the  island,  the  three  species  taken  are  of  s])ecial 
interest,  as  all  are  new,  while  one  is  a  mem])er  of  a  genus   not 

hitherto  detected  outside  of  Mexico. 

* 

Myotis  nesopolus   sp.  no\'. 

Ti/pc  adult  male  (skin  and  skull  from  specimen  in  formalin)  No.  101,- 
849,  United  States  Xational  Museum,  collected  near  Willemstad,  f'urayao, 
West  hidies,  November  4,  lS'.M).f 

Clun-acter. — Similar  to  Mi/ofix  nii/n'riuix  (Wied)  from  Colombia,  but 
paler  in  color,  and  slightly  smaller. 

Co/iir. — Dorsal  surface  intermediate  between  the  raw  umber  and 
Prouts  bnnvn  of  Rid.uway  (Nomenclature  of  Colors.  PI.  Ill,  Nos.  11  and 
14),  the  bases  of  the  hairs  just  perceptibly  darker.  Ventral  surface 
ochraceous  buff,  the  basal  half  of  the  hairs  slaty  black. 

Sf.-iiU. — The  skull  exactly  resembles  that  of  Myntix  /u't/r/'cdnx  from 
, Santa  Marta,  Colombia  and  Chiapas,  Mexico. 

Meaminiiiritt.s. — External  measurements  of  type:  total  lens'th.  70;  tail 
vertebric,  ?A\\    tibia.  1."):   foot.  .").():   forearm,  ?>\:  thumb,  4:  lon.iiesi  finger, 

*Published  here  by  permission  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Smithsonian 
Inst  itiUion. 
f  "Caught  bj'  Mr.  L.  1>.  Smith  in  an  attic  in  Punda."     Collector's  note. 
27— Biol.  See.  Wash.  Voi,.  XIII.  lOno.  {Vl^) 


liri-t       Miller — TItrce  New  BaU  from  (he  fshnid  of  (\ir(iran. 

'm:  ear  from  meatus,  \].i>:  ear  from  crown,  10:  width  of  ear,  10:  tragfiis, 
(i.S.  Cranial  measurements  of  type:  greatest  length,  13:  basal  length, 
12:  Ijasilar  length  (median),  10:  zygomatic  breadth,  8:  interorbital 
breadth,  :5.2:  mastoid  breadth,  7:  occipital  depth.  5;  mandible,  !>;  max- 
illary toothroAV  (exclusive  of  incisors).  5:  mandibular  toothroAV  (exclusive 
of  incisors),  5.4. 

Si)eriiiienn  examirifd. — One,  I  he  type. 

lievidrkK. — Myotis  nixapolus  is  readily  distinguishable  from  M.  iiiijrirdUH 
by  its  much  lighter  color,  especially  on  the  underparts.  Its  color  sug- 
gests that  of  dull  specimens  of  M.  (■aUforidcux  though  the  latter  may 
always  be  recognized  by  the  conspicuously  bicolor  fur  of  the  back. 

Glossophaga  elongala  sp.   no\'. 

Tiipf  adult  female  (skin  and  skull  from  specimen  in  formalin)  No. 
101,871  United  States  National  Museum,  collected  at  Willemstad,  Cur- 
asao, West  Indies,  December  4,  1S9I). 

C'hara(irr>i. — In  appearance  similar  to  (UuKXiiphngd  hingirontrtu  ^lillei-* 
from  the  Santa  Marta  Mountains,  Colombia,  but  paler  in  color.  Skull 
narrower  and  relati\ely  much  more  elongate  than  that  of  the  Columbian 
species.  Incisors  well  developed,  nearly  double  as  large  as  in  <t.  sm-- 
iri.ii<i,\  the  upper  \er>-  strongly  projecting  forward. 

Edi-.'i. — The  ears  are  moderately  long,  laid  forAvard  they  extend  about 
half  way  from  eye  to  tip  of  muzzle.  Anterior  border  of  conch  strongly 
convex  at  base,  then  very  gently  convex  to  rather  broadly  rounded  tip. 
Posterior  border  straight  to  middle,  then  slightly  and  evenly  convex  to 
faint  notch  marking  boundary  of  very  narrow  and  rudimentary  unthick- 
ened  antitragus.  The  posterior  border  terminates  slightly  in  front  of 
anterior  border  and  (i  mm.  behind  angle  of  mouth,  l^oth  surfaces  of  ear 
smooth,  the  inner,  howexer,  wilh  six  or  seven  small  but  distinct  cross 
ridges  near  posterior  border,  and  a  few  inconspicuous  scattered  hairs. 
Tragus  upright,  acutely  pointed,  sometimes  deeply  notched  at  lip.  An- 
terior ))or(ler  perceptibly  thickened,  nearly  straight,  slightly  convex 
above.  I'oint  acute.  Posterior  border  irregularly  convex,  occasionally 
so  narrowly  and  deeply  notched  above  that  the  tip  appears  bitid.  <  )p- 
posite  anterior  base  there  is  a  broad  shallow  notch,  and  below  this  the 
posterior  border  is  more  abruptly  convex  to  base. 

\Tiizdi'  (did  chill. ^\jO^-qy,  oval,  portion  of  noseleaf  small  and  \ery  in- 
distinctly outlined,  but  not  peculiar  in  fnnn.  Terminal,  eivct,  portion 
well  (lc\-el()ped,  its  width  nearly  (Mpial  1o  (^der  border.  Tip  ralher 
blinilly  roiuided.  Outer  border  slightly  concave.  Chin  divided  by  a 
ralher  broad  and  shallow  V-shaped  groove,  the  edges  of  which  are  irreg- 
ularly tuberculale. 

.][ciiibniiiis.—~'V\\i'  mcmluiuics  are  ample  and  .som(>what  tliin,  1heir 
surface.s  rough.     Width  of  uropatagium  equal  to  length  of  tibia.     Pro- 


*i'roc.  .\cad.  Nal.  Sci.,  iMiiladelphia,  18i),S.  p.  :'>:!(). 

fin  Ihelypeand  only   known  specimen  <if   '"'.  fniit/inisfris  the   incisor.s 
are  absent  an.l  their  ahcdli  nearly  resorbed. 


MUhr — Three  Neir  Bats  from  the  Island  of  Curanio.       12."^ 

patagium  including  metacarpal  of  thumb.  The  membranes  are  practi- 
cally naked  throughout. 

Ffff. — The  foot  is  long  and  strong,  about  two  thirds  length  of  tibia. 
Toes  essentially  equal  in  length  and  distinctly  longer  than  metatarsals. 
Claws  large,  nearly  one  half  as  long  as  rest  of  foot.  Calcar  distinct,  5 
mm.  in  length,  its  extreme  tip  projecting  beyond  membrane. 

7\n7. — The  tail  is  very  short,  about  equal  to  calcar,  its  tip  forming  a 
minute  projection  on  upper  side  of  membrane.* 

Fu/'  If /id  riil  ir. — The  fur  is  very  soft,  but  rather  loose  in  texture. 
Length  at  middle  of  back  about  5  mm.  It  is  closely  confined  to  body, 
reaching  membranes  in  a  very  narrow  line  only.  On  humerus  it  extends 
about  to  middl'^  both  above  and  below.  That  of  head  covers  basal  third 
of  outer  surface  of  ears. 

Color  of  dorscil  surface  hair  brown  irregularly  lightened  by  appearance 
at  surface  of  the  pale  drab  which  occupies  the  basal  two  thirds  of  the 
fur.  This  drab  is  paler  than  the  ecru  drab  of  Ridgway,  but  is  distinctly 
tinged  with  yellowish  brown.  Underparts  pale  Lsabella  color,  fading  to 
ecru  drab  on  hanks  and  washed  with  hair  brown  on  chin,  throat  and 
chest,  the  hairs  everywhere  pale  drab  at  base.  Ears,  feet  and  mem- 
branes dark  brown. 

Sk'iill. — The  skull  of  Glir.iaopJniga  dongnta  is  narrower  and  more  elon- 
gate than  that  of  G.  louf/inistrix  and  the  braincase  is  smaller  and  less 
elevated  above  the  facet ine.  The  braincase  rises  above  dorsal  surface  of 
rostrum  at  an  angle  of  about  20°  in  G.  ehnignfn  and  G.  mririiin,  but  of 
scarcely  12°  in  G.  longiroxtris.  Rostrum  slightly  longer  than  in  G.  hmgi- 
roxtriN,  and  distinctly  shallower  when  viewed  from  the  side,  its  dorsal 
surface  much  more  flattened,  especially  between  orbits.  Anterior  nares 
narrower  and  more  elongate.  Rudimentary  vertical  process  of  zygoma 
as  in  G.  hingirvxfrix  and  smaller  than  in  G.  xiiririnii.  Mony  palate  behind 
plain  of  last  molar  even  narrower  than  in  G.  linigiroxtrix.  Base  of  brain- 
case as  in  G.  linigiroxfrix,  though  the  audital  buUte  are  slightly  smaller. 

7Wf/i. — The  teeth  are  as  in  (-UnssophitgK  foug/n/xfHx,  except  that  the 
incisors,  absent  in  the  Colombian  species,  are  well  developed,  and  rela- 
tively larger  than  in  G.  xor/ri/ni.  The  ujiper  incisors  pi'oject  so  nearly 
horizontally  that  when  skull  is  viewed  from  directly  above  the  entire 
anterior  face  is  visible. 

Mciixurcnifntx. — External  measurements  of  type:  total  length,  (io;  tail 
vertebra,  o;  tibia,  l.'i.S:  foot,  11.4;  calcar,  5.4:  forearm,  40;  thumb, 
10;  longest  finger,  78;  ear  from  meatus,  14.6;  ear  from  crown,  9.6; 
width  of  ear,  11:  height  of  noseleaf  above  edge  of  lip,  5.4;  height  of 
noseleaf  behind,  3:  greatest  width  of  noseleaf,  4. 

C.'anial  measiu-ements  of  type:  greatest  length,  24.4;  basal  length, 
22.2;  basilar  length,   20.4;  zygomatic   breadth,  9.8:    interorbital  breadth 

*In  the  origiiial  description  of  Glon.wphnga  liingiroxtrix  the  tail  is  stated, 
on  the  authority  of  the  collector  (no  trace  of  it  can  be  seen  in  the  dry 
specimen)  to  b3  18  mm.  in  length.     This  measurement  without  dovibt 

refers  to  width  of  inMpalMgium. 


]-2()       Miller — Three  Netr  Bat.s  frovi  the  Maud  of  Cnranin. 

(behind  prominences),  5:  mastoid  breadth,  !).(>:  breadth  of  braiucase 
above  roots  of  zygomata,  9;  depth  of  rostrum  between  orbits,  .'];  mandi- 
ble, 16.2;  upper  toothrow  (exclusive  of  incisors),  8.8;  lower  toothrow 
(exclusive  of  incisors),  9. 

Remarks. — Glossophtit/a  ehngata  differs  conspicuously  from  G.  hnKji- 
rrt.s-^rw  in  its  paler  color,  particularly  on  the  ventral  surface^  The  cra- 
nial characters  are  ecpially  distinct ive.  In  one  specimen  (Xo.  101,S.')r)V 
the  third  upper  molar  is  absent  on  Ixith  sides. 

Leptonycteris  cui'asose  sp.   no\'. 

7\y^>(  adult  male  (in  alcohol)  Xo.  Idl.S.")]  rnited  States  Xatioiial  Mu- 
seum, collected  at  Cura(;ao,  West  Indies. 

Characters. — Closely  related  to  the  Mexican  LefpUmyvteris  niTalis  (Saus- 
sure)  but  color  darker,  and  interfemoral  membrane  narrower  and  less: 
hairy.  Upper  inrisors  equalUj  xpacctl  and  more  projecl:in.y  than  in  the 
Mexican  species.  Second  lower  premolar  sliji'htly  but  distinctly  crescen- 
tic. 

Earx. — The  ears  are  broad  and  short,  laid  forward  they  extentl  to  an- 
terior canthus  of  eye.  Anterior  border  of  conch  nearly  strai.yhl  and  al- 
most horizontal  throuuh  proximal  .">  mm.,  then  \ery  abruptly  convex. 
Beyond  this  convexity  it  is  aiiain  straig^ht  for  about  .>  mm.  below  rather 
narrowly  rounded  tip.  The  two  straight  areas  are  nearly  perpendicular 
to  each  other.  Posterior  border  slightly  concave  below  tip,  then  mod- 
erately con\ex  to  faintly  marked  notch  at  upper  edge  of  antitragiis. 
Antitragus  small  and  ill  defined,  its  substance  distinctly  thickened.  The 
slightly  concave  anterior  border  terminates  abruptly  a  little  in  advance 
of  anterior  base  of  ear,  and  7  mm.  behiiul  angle  of  mouth.  Outer  sur- 
face of  ear  smooth  and  naked  except  at  extreme  base,  where  it  is  cov- 
ered with  fur  similar  to  that  of  head.  Inner  svu-face  slightly  papillose 
and  si^rinkled  with  inconspicuous  hairs.  Four  or  five  very  indistinct 
cross  ridges  on  inner  surface  of  conch  near  middle  of  posterior  border. 
Tragus  upright,  much  tliickened  along  anterior  border.  Anterior 
border  straight  to  slight  subterminal  coiu-avity.  Point  blunt.  Posterior 
border  irregular,  bat  without  distinct  projecticms.  Through  anterior 
base  the  width  of  tragus  is  ecpuil  to  one  half  anterior  border. 

Muzzle  anil  rliin. — X^oseleaf  diamond  shaped,  the  lower  portion  bounded 
by  the  oblicpie  nostrils,  the  upper  and  slightly  larger  ])ortion  erect  and 
free.  Lips  below  and  at  sides  of  nostrils  tumi<l,  this  swollen  area  ex- 
tending back  on  each  side  iininedi;ilely  behind  noseleaf  nearly  lo  median 
line  and  separated  posl(M'iorly  from  iKiscleal'  by  a  dislinci.  br  >;ully  \- 
shaped  groove. 

Chin  divided  by  a  d('(^p  grooxo,  uai'i'ow  hclow,  wide  ah.i\(',  lis  edges  ir- 
regularly I  ubcrculal  c. 

Mfiiibraiu'K. — The  membranes  are  thick  nmgh  and  leathery:  the  wiims 
and  propatagium  broad  and  ample;  the  uropatagium  great  ly  reduced  (only 
■1  mm.  wide  at  middle).  I'ropalagium  extending  as  a  l)road  fold  along 
forearm  lo  iiirhidc  mctacai-pal  of  lliiimU.  The  membranes  are  essen- 
tialh'  naked. 


Miller — Three  New  Bats  from  the  Island  of  Cttraaio.       127 

Feet. — The  feet  are  large  and  strong,  about  two  thirds  length  of  tibia. 
Toes  essentially  equal  in  length,  slightly  longer  than  metacarpals,  armed 
with  hwge  strong  claws,  the  latter  equal  to  about  one  third  of  rest  of 
foot,     t'alcar  distinct,  (i  mm.  in  length. 

Fur  (I lid  r<il<>i\—T\\e  fur  is  short,  dense  and  velvety,  that  on  middle  of 
bick  about  4  mm.  in  length.  It  is  closely  confined  to  body,  reaching 
membranes  in  a  very  narrow  line  only.  On  humerus  it  extends  over 
pro\im;il  half  both  above  and  below.  Dorsal  .surface  of  forearm  densely 
bvit  inconspicuously  furred.  Under  surface  of  forearm  and  of  propata- 
gium  and  both  sides  of  uropatagium  scantly  haired. 

Color  after  three  months  immersion  in  formalin  liair  brown  witli  a 
faint  bluish  cast,  slightly  paler  on  ventral  surface,  the  hairs  everywhere 
ecru  dral>at  base.     Ears  and  membranes  dark  brown. 

Skull. — The  skull  is  slightly  larger  than  that  of  Lepti>iiiirtn-ix  iiindix, 
and  the  rostrum  is  a  little  deeper,  but  otherwise  1  can  detect  no  cranial 
characters  to  separate  the  two  species. 

7Wf/i. — Upper  incisors  large  and  evenly  spaced,  not  in  two  pairs  sepa- 
rated by  a, distinct  median  gap  as  in  L.  iitctili.'<.  These  teeth  project  so 
strongly  forward  that  the  entire  anterior  face  is  visible  when  skull  is 
viewed  directly  from  above.  Maxillary  teeth  essentially  as  in  L.  nindix. 
Lower  incisors  larger  than  in  /..  >i/riili.'<  the  lateral  pairs  less  widely  sepa- 
rated. Second  lower  premolar  distinctly  crescentic  when  viewed  from 
its  apex,  the  concavity  directed  inward.  In  L.  nicalis  this  tootli  is 
straight.     Mandibular  molars  not  peculiar. 

MiKxHrnncntx. — External  measurements  of  type:  head  and  body,  70 
(75)*:  tibia,  20  (22):  foot,  lo  (14.(5):  foot  without  claws,  12.8  (12):  calcar. 
6(6);  forearm,  53  (55);  thumb,  10(11):  longest  finger,  96  (08) :  ear  from 
meatus,  15.6  (16>;  ear  from  crown,  11.6  (12.8);  width  of  ear,  12  (11); 
tragus,  <)  (6:2):  height  of  noseleaf  posteriorly.  3  (3);  greatest  width  of 
noseleaf,  3.4  (4). 

Cranial  measurements  of  type:  greatest  length,  26  (27):  basal  length, 
25  (25.6);  basilar  length,  22.4  (23.6);  zygomatic  breadth,  11  (11);  interor- 
bital  breadth,  5  (5);  mastoid  breadth,  10.6  (10.8):  breadth  of  braincase 
above  roots  of  zygomatai,  10  (10):  greatest  depth' of  braincase,  8  (8): 
depth  of  rostrum  between  orbits,  3.2  (4):  mandible,  17.4  (17.4);  upper 
toothrow  (exclusive  of  incisors),  0  (8.6):  lower  toothrow  (exclusive  of 
incisors),  9.9  (9). 

Eeiiiin-kx. — The  most  prominent  character  of  this  species  is  tlie  regu- 
lar spacing  of  the  upper  incisors.  The  color  is  darker  than  tliat  of  the 
Mexican  animal,  in  wliich  the  peculiar  bluish  cast  is  quite  absent.  In 
L.  niridix  the  legs  and  interfemoral  membrane  are  noticeably  sprinkled 
with  hairs  5  mm.  in  length  which  produce  a  distinctly  shaggy  appear- 
ance. These  hairs  are  reduced  to  an  inconspicuous  pubescense  in  L. 
riiritxii/f. 

*Measurements  in  parenthesis  are  those  of  an  adult  male  Leptonyderts 
nivalis  from  Colima,  Mexico. 

28— BiOL.  Soc.  Wash.  Vol.  XIII,  1900. 


Vol.  XIII.  pp.  129  132  April  6,  1900 

PROCEEDINGS 

OF  THE 

BIOLOGICAL    SOCIETY    OF    WASHINGTON 


EIGHT  XEW  SPECIES  OF  NORTH  AMERICAN 

PLANTS.* 


1 


r.Y  CHARLES  LoFlS   PoLLAlJI).  V    '.    '^AS- 

^  m 


Lupinus  psoraleoides  ii.   s]). 

Perennial,  1-li  dm.  hi.n'h,  subacaiilesceiil.  wilii  a  multicipital  caudex 
and  slender  woody  root:  whole  plant  densely  villous  with  lon.ii-  white 
hairs;  leaves  lontf-petioled,  the  blades  o-7-foliolate:  leaflets  oblanceolate, 
somewhat  acute  at  the  apex,  2-8  cm.  lonjj-:  spike  \ery  densely  flowered, 
almost  sessile,  scarcely  surpassin,<j-  the  foliage:  flowers  violet  purple,  1 
cm.  long,  subtended  by  narrowly  linear  scarious  bracts:  calyx  one-halt' 
the  length  of  the  corolla,  markedly  bilabiate,  the  teeth  acute:  standard 
suberect,  shorter  than  tlie  keel:  legume  olilong.  1|  cm.  long,  tipped 
with  the  slender  persistent  style:  seeds  few,  apparently  nearly  orbicular. 

Type  in  the  U.  S.  National  Herbarium,  No.  201, .182,  collected  in  open 
gravelly  soil  at  (iunnison,  Colorado,  by  Elam  Bartholomew,  August  ;50, 
189!)  (No.  2(;80).  In  aspect  the  plant  suggests  certain  species  of  Psoralea: 
its  marked  peculiarities  are  the  slender  nearly  sessile  spike,  the  small 
slandard  and  I  he  long  villous  jmbescence. 

Viola  amorphophylla  n.  sp. 

Plant  acaulescent,  about  1  dm.  high,  from  a  stout,  vertical  roolstock, 
absolutely  glabrous  throughout  and  semisucculent;  blades  of  the  leaves 
elliptical  or  oblong-elliptical,  the  margins  entire  or  sometimes  obscurely 
crenale  ncarlhe  very  obtuse  apex,  rarely  with  a  small  lobe  or  incision 
near  the  rounded  or  slightly  tapering  base;  petioles  narrowly  margined, 
ecpuilling  the  blades  or  shorter;  stipules  scarious,  elongated-linear; 
scapes  surpassing  the  foliage;  flower  purple,  about  2J  cm.  broad:  sepals 


"■Publislied  by  permission  of  1li(^  Sccrelary  of  Hie  Smilhsoniaii  Inslitu- 
t  ion. 

•Jit— Hior..  Soc.  Wash.  Vor,.  XIII.  I'.too.  (129) 


130         Pollard — Xeic  Species  of  yoiih   Amcriani  rUtnts. 

ovate-lanceolate,  acute,  auriculale  at  base;  petals  oblong,  bearded,  the 
spur  short  and  blunt-;  capsule  prismatic,  one-third  longer  than  the  calyx; 
apetalous  tlowers  borne  on  evidently  erjjct  scapes. 

Type  in  the  U.  S.  National  Herbarium,  No.  2(H),214,  collected  at 
Tryon,  North  Carolina,  May  5,  1897,  and  communicated  by  Mr.  V.  1). 
Beadle,  Curator  of  the  Biltmore  Herbarium.  A  violet  with  very  pecu- 
liar and  anomalous  foliage,  showing  athnities  lo  the  Sagittatae,  but  dis- 
tinguished from  all  the  species  of  Ihal  group  by  its  odtlly  shaped  leaves,, 
large  flowers  and  broad  sepals. 

Viola  pruinosa.    n.    sp. 

Plant  low  (aboul  1  dm.  higii),  sending  up  numerous  branching  stems 
from  a  very  short  and  thick  rootstock;  leaves  slender-petioled,  pinnately 
decompound,  the  ultimate  divisions  oblong-linear,  ^^-"  mm.  long;  under 
surface  of  the  dull  green  foliage  densely  clothed  with  short  and  stiff, 
white,  pruinose  pubesceni-e,  so  thai  Ihe  plant  appears  glaucous;  petioles, 
especially  those  of  the  basal  leaves,  with  broadly  sheathing  scarious. 
margins;  flowers  solitary  in  the  axils,  borne  on  slender  peduncles,  rather 
small  (1-li  cm.  broad);  sepals  linear,  very  short;  petals  narrowly  oblong, 
beardless,  bright  yellow  with  purple  veinings,  the  two  uppermost  i)elals 
often  entirely  overcast  with  purple;  spur  wanting;  capsule  not  observed. 

Type  in  the  U.  S.  National  Herbarium,  No.  842, IOC),  collected  by  John 
B.  Leiberg  in  Bear  Valley,  California,  at  an  altitude  of  2200  meters, 
April  17,  lSi)8  (No.  ?>'M)1].  Related  to  V.  I)<iu,,Ii(xii,  but  at  once  dis- 
tinguishable on  account  of  the  small  flowers  and  the  peculiar  frosled 
appearance  of  the  foliage. 

Gentiana  citrina   n.   sp. 

Annual;  stem  simple,  strict.  2-4  dm.  high;  leaves  about  six  pairs,  ob- 
long or  ovate-oblong,  sessile  or  slightly  clasping;  inflorescence  narrowly 
paniculate,  the  branches  1-o-flowered,  each  cluster  svd)t ended  by  a  pair 
of  foliaceous  bracts;  flower  li-2  cm.  long,  yellow:  calyx  campanulale, 
the  ovate-lanceolate,  somewhat  une(jual  lobes  longer  than  its  lube; 
corolla  lubular-campanulate,  with  4  or  rarely  5  erect  o\ate  lobes,  one- 
fourth  Ihe  length  of  the  tube,  ([uite  destitute  of  siuus-appendages; 
throat  crowned  with  a  copious  fringe  of  setae;  capsule  sessile. 

Type  in  U.  S.  National  Herbarium,  No.  22,087,  collected  by  C.  G. 
Pringle  in  the  valley  of  Toluca,  Stale  of  ^lexico,  August  IS,  1892  (No. 
4190)  and  disi  rihuled  as  (r.  Wii(j]itii  A.  (iray,  fi'om  which  it  differs  in 
certain  important  particulars.  In  his  descripl  ion  of  \Vrl(/htii  \)y.  VtVA\ 
emphasizes  the  fact  that  the  leaves  nearly  ecjual  the  internodes;  the 
calyx  lobes  are  said  to  have  scabrous  margins  and  the  corolla  is  campan- 
ulale-runncl-rorm  with  lobes  fully  one-lliird  the  length  of  the  lube.  I 
have  also  examiiie<l  the  type  <)f  (1.  Wrujiitii.  which  was  collected  in 
southern  Arizona,  and  tind  lillle  in  common  between  the  two  species  ex- 
cept the  characters  of  the  subgenus  to  which  both  belong.  Mr.  Prin- 
gle's  No.  42;!7,  also  fiom  Toluca,  collected  at  an  altitude  of  ll.dOO  leel, 
is  e\idently  a  depauyxM-ate  al])iiie  form  of   (!.  cUriiin. 


Pollard — New  Species  of  North  American  Plants.         131 

Gentiana  connectens  ii.   sp. 

Stem  sleiulor,  ratliPr  lax.  4-()  dm.  hi.yh.  with  sciittered  branches: 
leaves  oblanceolate,  the  uppermost  smaller,  linear-lanceolate:  Howers 
1-3  at  the  ends  of  the  branches,  borne  on  slender  filiform  pedicels  of 
twice  or  even  thrice  their  length;  calyx  narrowl.y  campantilate,  1  cm. 
long,  its  tid:)e  very  short,  its  lobes  linear-acuminate;  corolla  twice  the 
length  of  the  calyx,  violet-purple,  with  5  erect  ovate-lanceolate  lobes 
destitute  of  sinus-plaits;  throat  crowned  with  numerous  filiform  setae; 
anthers  versatile;  ovary  markedly  stipitate;  stigmas  2,  coherent  at  base; 
capsule  with  inimerous  oblong  brown  seeds. 

Type  in  U.  S.  National  Herbarium,  No.  22,04.i,  collected  by  Thomas 
l^ridges  in  California  (Xo.  IWia).  No  more  .specific  locality  than  this 
appears  on  any  of  Bridges'  labels.  The  name  assigned  to  this  gentain 
refers  to  the  fact  that  it  comlunes  certain  characters  of  the  two  main 
subgeneric  groups:  thus  it  possesses  the  crown  of  setae,  stipitate  ovary 
and  absence  of  corolla-glands  indicative  of  Gentianella:  but  the  lobes  of 
the  corolla  are  five  in  number,  as  in  Pneumonanthe,  which  it  also  sug- 
gests in  habit . 

Gentiana  decora   n.   sp. 

Stem  simple,  or  with  one  or  two  short  branches  above,  3  dm.  or  more 
high,  sparsely  and  minutely  puberulent:  leaves  lanceolate  or  the  lower 
oblanceolate,  tapering  to  base  and  apex,  slightly  petioled,  the  margins 
not  ciliate;  fiowers  sessile,  in  a  terminal  bracted  cluster  of  five  or  more, 
a  few  often  scattered  in  the  upper  axils:  calyx-tube  cylindrical,  puberu- 
lent, 8-10  mm.  long,  more  than  twice  the  length  of  the  widely  separated 
narrowly  linear  and  ciliate-margined  lobes:  corolla  campanulate-funnel- 
form,  'Z\-?>  cm.  long,  bright  blue  with  darker  stripes,  within  paler  and 
the  stripes  more  conspicuous:  lobes  of  the  corolla  ovate,  slightly  mucro- 
nate,  scarcely  twice  the  length  of  the  unequally  bidentate  sinus-appen- 
dages: seeds  and  other  floral  characters  as  in  (S.  Elliottik 

Type  in  the  herbarium  of  Cohimbia  University,  collected  by  Mr.  A. 
M.  Huger  near  Waynesville,  N.  C,  September  and  October,  1896.  Spec- 
imens of  this  and  other  southern  gentians  were  very  kindly  sent  to  me 
for  determination  by  Dr.  John  K.  Small.  The  species  is  very  nearly  re- 
lated to  G.  Ellidttii,  but  differs  in. the  more  acute  corolla-lobes,  the  ab- 
sence of  fimbriation  on  the  sinus-plaits  of  the  corolla,  and  the  short, 
narrow  calyx-lobes. 

Chrysopsis  latisquamea  n.   sp. 

Perennial  by  offshoots,  erect,  4-.">  dm.  high,  the  foliage  and  lower  por- 
tion of  the  stem  clothed  with  a  loose  white  arachnoid  tomentum;  basal 
leaves  rosulate,  oblanceolate  or  spatiilate,  obtuse,  the  margins  entire; 
stem  leaves  sessile,  linear  or  linear-oblong,  the  upper  becoming  small  and 
bract-like;  inflorescence  cymose,  the  branches  glandiilar-pubescent, 
each  terminated  bv  a  single  large  head  14  cm.  high;  in\olucre  broadlv 


\'d'2        Pollard — New  Species  of  Xorth  Aiitirican   Planfs. 

campanulate;  bracts  ovate-lanceolate,  more  or  less  herbaceous,,  glandu- 
lar, the  innermost  longest:  rays  bright  yellow,  linear,  1  cm.  long:  pap- 
pus copious,  yellowish-white,  tJie  outer  series  of  bristles  very  short  and 
capillary,  the  inner  minutely  setulose:  achene  2  mm.  long,  fusiform, 
slightly  compressed,  villous,  with  S-IO  salient  longiUulina]  ribs:  recepta- 
cle strongly  alveolate. 

Type  in  U.  S.  National  Herbarium,  collected  by  Miss  Marie  ]\Ieislahn 
at  Clarcona,  Florida,  (No.  150),  and  communicated  by  Mr.  A.  J.  Pieters, 
who  has  kindly  placed  in  my  hands  for  determination  a  large  collection 
of  Florida  plants.  This  Chrysopsis  differs  from  ('.  pifoxti  (Walt.)  Britton 
(('.  (/iisxiipiiiK  Nutt.)  to  which  it  is  most  nearly  related,  by  the  broad 
involucral  bracts  and  many-ribbed  achenes.  lis  involucre  is  so  strikingly 
peculiar  for  his  genvis  that  were  it  not  for  the  similarity  of  other  str\ic- 
tural  characters  the  plant  might  be  considered  a  distinct  generic  type. 

Solidago   Maxoni   u.    sp. 

Slender,  erect,  l-\  m.  liigli.  tlie  slem  slriale-groo\ed  and  ghiiidular- 
pubescent,  particularly  above:  leaves  5-7  cm.  in  length,  thin,  1-nerved, 
slightly  glandular-pubescent  above,  iiale  and  glabrous  beneath,  the 
margins  entire  or  exhibiting  an  occasional  serration,  lanceolate  in  out- 
line, acute  or  acuminate  at  apex,  tapering  at  base  to  a  short  maigined 
petiole:  lowermost  leaves  similar  in  shape,  but  slender-petioled;  upper- 
most smaller  and  linear-lanceolate:  inflorescence  thyrsoid-paniculate, 
elongated,  2-3  dm.  long,  the  branches  numerous,  each  bearing  from  !>  to 
12  slender-pedicelled  heads,  the  pedicels  and  branchlets  densely  strigose- 
pnbescenl :  heads  small  (5-7  mm.  high)  the  involucre  campanulate,  with 
numerous  loosely  imbricated  herbaceous  or  somewhat  scarious  obtuse 
and  ciliate-margined  bracts:  rays  about  one-half  the  length  of  the  inner 
bracts;  achene  linear,  laterally  compressed,  glabrous. 

Type  in  the  U.  S.  National  Herbarium,  No.  357,109,  collected  on  Bald 
Knob,  Salt  Pond  Mountain,  Virginia,  by  Charles  L.  Pollard  and  William 
II.  Maxon,  August  25,  1899  (No.  71).  This  Solidago  is  related  to  N.  ukui- 
tirolK,  of  which  typical  specimens  were  secured  from  the  same  region. 
The  marked  glandular  pubescence,  nearly  entire  leaves  and  different 
type  of  inflorescence  are  characters  which  have  warranted  its  separa- 
tion. I  have  taken  pleasure  in  naming  it  for  my  companion  and  asso- 
ciate.  Mr.  Maxon. 


Vol.  XIII.  pp.  133  135  April  6,  1900 

PROCEEDINGS 

OF  THE 

BIOLOGICAL    SOCIETY    OF    WASHINGTON 


SOME  NEW  OR  NOTEWORTHY  LOUISIANA 

PLANTS.* 

BY  CHARLES  LOUIS  POLLARD  AND  ('ARLETOX  R.  T.ALL 


The  species  described  below  were  collected  by  Mr.  Ball  in  the 
vicinity  of  Alexandria,  Louisiana,  during  the  summer  of  1890. 
A  re])ort  on  the  entire  collection  is  in  preparation  by  Mr.  Ball, 
who  has  kindly  afforded  me  an  ()])portunity  of  examining  with 
him  the  nioic  interesting  portions  of  his  matei'ial. 

C.  L.  P. 

Baptisia  Texana  (Holziii,<;er),  n.  comb. 

Biipiisin  lartceolata  te.mria  Holzinger,  Contr.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.  1:28(5. 
Oct.  :}],  ISIKJ. 

Plant  erect,  .5-6  dm.  high,  the  stems  freely  branching,  pubescent; 
leaves  subcoriaceous,  nearly  sessile,  mostly  shorter  than  the  internodes: 
leaflets  oblong  or  obovate,  very  obtuse  at  apex,  cuneate  at  base,  slightlj' 
petiolulate,  3-4  cm.  long,  both  surfaces  strongly  reticulate  veined  and 
sprinkled  with  scattered  hairs;  flowers. solitary  in  the  upper  axils,  and 
also  forming  short  terminal  racemes,  yellow,  2  cm.  long:  calyx  hirsute, 
with  5  short  teeth:  corolla  resembling  that  of  B.  lnnrtvlat((;  legume 
ovoid,  stipitate,  villous,  1-1^  cm.  long,  tipped  with  the  elongated  per- 
sistent style;  seeds  few,  ovoid,  3-4  mm.  long. 

Mr.  Holzinger  based  his  variety  on  Nealley's  No.  73,  from  Texas,  the 
type  being  in  the  U.  S.  National  Herbarium.  In  the  course  of  his  de- 
scription he  remarks  "The  pubescence,  including  the  ovary,  the  sessile 
leaves,  and  the  nearly  sessile  solitary  flowers  in  the  axils  of  the  upper 
leaves  of  the  flowering  branches,  which  are  terminated  by  few-flowered 


*Published  by  permission  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Smithsonian   Insti- 
tution. 

:w— Biol.  Soc.  Wash.  Vol.  XIII.  1900.  (133) 


1  o-l-  Pdllii  ril  (I  ikI  PkiII — ?\  nf<ir(irfli  1/    I^mii^'Kinii    T'Jnjifs. 

racemes,  associate  this  plant  closely  with  Baiitimx  hinccohitu" .  A  very 
superficial  examination  of  the  characters  involved  would  have  convinced 
Mr.  Holzinger  that  he  was  in  error,  even  if  he  had  chosen  to  regard  the 
principles  of  geographic  distribution  as  of  no  consequence.  Baptixui 
lanceohttd  is  a  plant  of  the  southeastern  Atlantic  coast  from  South  Car- 
olina to  Florida,  and  is  not  known  from  the  Gulf  states.  Its  leaves  are 
by  no  means  sessile,  but  distinctly  peliolate,  the  petioles  in  many  cases 
a  centimeter  or  more  in  length,  while  the  leaflets,  instead  of  being  short 
and  obovote  as  in  B.  Texctna,  are  elongated,  and  unmistakably  lanceolate 
in  outline.  The  stems,  moreo\er  are  glabrous  in  lanceulata.  The  near- 
est ally  of  /?.  1\'.vaii(t  is  ijrobably  B.  lacvictmlix,  a  species  which  is  glab- 
rous throughout,  howe\er,  even  to  the  pod.  Excellent  fruiting  speci- 
mens were  obtained  by  Mr.  Ball  near  Alexandria,  La.,  June  3,  1899  (No. 
■")4()),  growing  on  hillsides  under  scrub  oaks. 

Stylosanthes  biflora  hispidissima  (]\lirlix),  u.  comb. 
Shjlotidiilhci  liit^jildd  \iir.     f).    Jiisjiidis.slma    ^liclix.,    I'^l.    Hor.    j\in.    1:7.^ 

iso:;. 

This  form  differs  from  the  type  in  Ihe  long  hirsute  puliescence  with 
which  the  stem  and  often  the  foliage  is  clothed.  Michaux's  character- 
ization of  Ihe  variety  as  "universe  hispidissima"' leaves  little  doubt  as 
to  its  identity.  The  plant  is  more  prostrate  in  habit  and  eliffusely 
branched  than  the  ordinary  form  of  N.  lirfinrd.  Mr.  iialTs  specimens 
were  collected  at  Alexandria.  La.,  June  10,  IStll)  (Xo.  ()21). 

Prunella  vulgaris  scaberrima  n.  \ar. 

Stems  purple:  herbage  and  inflorescence  den.sely  hispid  and  scabrous- 
pul)escent  with  white  hairs:  otherwise  similar  to  P.  rahjaris. 

Type  in  U.  S.  National  Herbarium,  collected  by  Mr.  Hall  at  Alexan- 
dria,   La..   June  9,    1899  (No.  (iOT).     The  plant    is  there  common    in  dry 

soil. 

Physalis  rigida  n.  sp. 

rcrcnniiil,  from  a  thick  root:  stems  tufted,  creel,  rigid,  sulcale,  more 
or  h'ss  l)ranching,  ',\-'M  dm.  high,  hisijid-pulx'scciil  with  flat  haii's.  par- 
ticularly above:  leaves  firm,  ovate-lanceolate,  obscurely  repand-dentate, 
acute  at  apex,  tapering  to  base,  densely  pubescent  when  young,  scabrous 
above  when  mature,  4-(5  cm.  wide:  petioles  slender,  1^-4  cm  long:  flowers 
small,  1-H  cm.  broad,  on  slender  hispid-imbescenl  pedicels:  flowering 
calyx  densely  pubescent,  its  lobes  ovate-triangular,  acute:  limb  of  corolla 
yellow,  the  throat  dark  purple:  fruit  ing  calyx  nearly  smoolh.  ovoid,  ob- 
scurely l(t-iMl)be(l,  "^J^-:!  cm.  long,  I  iHUicate  or  somewhat  (le))ress<^d  at  bas(>; 
pedicel  rellexed,  hispid-pubescent,  al)ou<  2  cm.  long. 

''I\vpe  in  the  V.  S.  National  IIerl)ariuin,  collected  at  Alex;indria,  I^a., 
on  a  dr\  railroad  emhankmeni  May  2:5,  1899  by  Mr.  Hall  (No.  4:!1).  No. 
11!."),  a  fruit  ing  specimen,   is   to  l)e   referred    lu'i'e.      The   plants   were  sul)- 


/  Po/luril  iiikJ  lidll — N^offirorf/n/   LinilsldiHi  Pliint.-^.         185 

mitted  to  Dr.  P.  A.  Rydberg  for  detei-minution,   who  writes  as  follows 
concerning  them: 

"The  two  specimens  of  Physalis  sent  me  belong  to  an  undescribed 
species.  It  is  nearest  related  to  P.  virginiana  intermedia  Rydberg.  *  * 
The  new  species  differs  from  intermedia  in  the  thicker  and  broader 
leaves,  the  fruiting  calyx,  which  is 'angled  and  more  rounded  at  the  base, 
and  in  the  lack  of  viscid  pubescence.  It  may  also  be  compared  with 
P.  longifolia,  but  has  much  shorter  and  Ijroader  leaves  and  is  more  pu- 
berulent.  I  would  be  glad  to  hav'?  you  describe  it  as  I  have  verj'  little 
time  and  pay  no  attention  to  any  other  botany  at  present  except  the  flora 
of  the  Rocky  Mountain  region." 


Vol.  XIII,  pp.  137-150  April  21,  1900 

PROCEEDINGS 

OF  THE 

BIOLOGICAL    SOCIETY    OF    WASHINGTON 


SEVEN  NEW  RATS  COLLECTED  BY  DR.  W.  L.\^^''^^^'^\4 
ABBOTT  IN  SI  AM.*  '  "- ^""  1 

BY  GERRIT  S.  MILLER,  .Tk.  : 


Among  the  mammals  collected  by  Dr.  W.  L.  Abbott  during 
a  second  ex))edition  to  Siam,  and  ])resented  to  the  United  States 
National  Museum  are  seven  large  and  medium  sized  species  of 
3f>/s,  all  of  which  appear  to  be  new.  They  were  secured  in 
the  mountains  of  Trong,  a  small  state  subject  to  Siam  and  sit- 
uated on  the  west  side  of  the  Malay  Peninsula  about  500  miles 
north  of  Singaj)ore. 

KEY   TO   THE   RATS   OF   TRONG. f 

Hind  foot  about  50  mm.;  skull  about  55  mm. 

Tail  much  longer  than  head  and  body:  back  and  sides  I 

strongly  ochraceous Mux  vodferans. 

Tail  about  equal  to  head  and  body:  back  and  sides  not  i 

ochraceous.  ! 
Fur  connposed   almost  exclusively  of  fine,  grooved 

bristles;    ear  longer   than   broad;     general    color  ! 

above  iron  gray,  beneath  dull  white Mua  ferreocanus.  i 

Fur   composed   almost  exclusively  of  coarse  hairs, 

with   a   very    few  slender  grooved  bristles  inter-  I 

mixed:  ear  as  broad  as  long;  general  color  grizzled  • 

brown  above,  pale  bulf  below Mh><  rtdidus.  ' 

*Published  here  by  permission  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Smithsonian 
Institution.  ; 

\ExGlusive  ot  Mus 'alexandrinus.''  ' 

31— Biol.  See.  Wash.  Vol.  XIII,  1900.  (137) 


138  Miller. — Seven  New  Jiots  colJeeted  !n  Slam. 

Hind  foot  less  than  40  mm.;  skull  less  than  45  mm. 

Tail  much  longer  than   head   and   body,    dark   brown 

throughout Mus  rremoriventer. 

Tail  about  equal  to  head  and  body,  bicolor. 

Tail  slightly  shorter  than  head  and  body:  hind  foot 

less  than  30  mm.;  fur  of  belly  dusky  at  base Mui<  asper. 

Tail  equal  to  or  slightly  longer  than  head  andbody; 

hind   foot    more   than   30  mm.:  fur  of  belly  not 

dusky  at  base. 

Nasals  extending  conspicuously   behind  nasal 

branches   of   premaxillaries;    white   of  belly 

broadly  continuous  over  lower  leg  with  that 

of  foot;  general  color  dull  ochraceovis Mus peUax. 

Nasals  not  extending  behind  nasal  branches  of 
premaxillaries;  white  of  belly  usually  sepa- 
rated from  that  of  foot  by  tawny  inner  sur- 
face of  lower  leg;  general  color  bright  ochra- 
ceous MuH  surifer. 

Mus  vociferans  sp.  nov. 

Type  adult  male  (skin  and  skull)  No.  80,736  United  States  National 
Museum,  collected  in  the  mountains  of  Trong,  I^ower  Siam,  at  about 
1000  ft.  altitude,  February  21,  1899. 

(JJiartictcrft. — Similar  to  Muh  sabanus  Thomas  of  Borneo,  but  genera- 
size  slightly  greater  and  color  apparently  paler  and  brighter.  Antor- 
bital  foramen  less  constricted  below  than  in  M.  sahanus  and  with  much 
wider  outer  wall.  Region  about  posterior  extremity  of  nasals  less  ele- 
vated.    Molars  relatively  larger  than  in  Mus  sahanus. 

Fur. — The  fur  is  composed  of  three  elements:  (a)  fine,  somewhat 
wooly  underfur,  plumbeous  on  the  back,  white  on  the  belly,  (b)  coarse 
terete  hairs,  and  (c)  grooved  hairs  or  slender  bristles.  These  all  pass  by  in 
sensible  gradations  from  one  kind  to  another.  On  back  the  hairs  and 
bristles  are  about  15  mm.  in  length.  Those  of  rump  are  not  elongated. 
On  belly  they  are  much  shorter,  scarcely  exceeding  G  mm.  Inner  sur- 
face of  legs  free  from  bristles. 

Colirr. — Back  and  sides  ochraceous,  everywhere  sprinkled  with  black. 
The  ground  color  is  brightest  on  back  and  rump  where  it  approaches 
orange  ochraceous,  and  dullest  on  sides  where  it  is  very  nearly  raw 
sienna.  The  black  is  most  consiiicuous  over  lumbar  region  where  it  is 
somewhat  in  excess  of  the  ochraceovis.  Further  forward  the  two  colors 
are  about  equally  mixed.  On  sides  the  black  is  very  inconspicuous. 
Top  of  head  like  back,  but  colors  more  finely  mingled.  Cheeks  orange 
buff,  very  slightly  sprinkled  with  butf  posteriorly.  Muzzle  dull  hair 
brown.  Whiskers  black.  Belly  and  inner  side  of  legs  dull  yellowish 
white  to  base  of  hairs;  elsewhere  the  underfur  is  slate  gray.  Feet 
white,  irregularly  clouded  with  hair  brown.  Tail  bicolor  at  base  (dark 
brown  above,  whitish  below)  whitish  throughout  beyond  middle. 

Tail. — The  long  slender  tail  of  Mus  'mciferans  is  coarsely,  conspicuous- 


3f!ll(}'.  —  Seven  N'ev  7\(/fs  colJecfed  hi  Sinm.  139 

ly,  and  uniformly  annulated.  At  middle  there  are  only  seven  or  eight 
rings  to  the  centimeter.  '  The  rings  are  irregularly  and  inconspicuously 
marked  by  cross  furrows  dividing  them  into  sharply  rectangular  scales 
longer  than  broad.  Numerous  stiff  hairs  spring  from  beneath  the  free 
edges  of  the  rings,  usually  three  to  each  scale.  In  length  they  scarcely 
exceed  width  of  the  rings,  except  near  tip  where  they  become  longer 
and  less  stiff. 

SkuU.—'nw  skull  of  Mux  rociprans  (Pis.  Ill  and  IV,  Fig.  3)  is  large,  but 
in  proportion  to  its  size  not  very  heavily  built.  In  general  appearance 
it  differs  only  slightly  from  that  of  M.  xabanus.  On  comparison  it  is 
seen  to  differ  from  that  of  the  Hornean  .species  in  less  robust  rostrum, 
less  elevated  frontal  region  between  roots  of  zygomata,  and  in  the  form 
of  the  antorbital  foramen.  This  is  smaller  and  more  contracted,  espec- 
ially below,  and  the  maxillary  plate  forming  the  outer  wall  is  wider  and 
less  concave.  The  front  edge  of  this  plate  is  nearly  straight,  though 
slightly  convex  above.  The  audital  buihe  like  those  of  Mux  xabanux  are 
relatively  \ery  small,  scarcely  more  than  half  as  large  as  in  Mux  dccum- 
anus.  By  this  character  alone  the  species  may  be  di.stinguished  from 
the  other  large  rats  of  the  Malay  Peninsula. 

Teeth. — The  teeth  appear  to  agree  in  all  respects  with  those  of  Mus 
sabanvs,  though  I  have  seen  none  of  the  latter  lanworn.  The  enamel 
pattern  is  like  that  of  M.  decumanus  except  that  there  is  no  trace  of  ru- 
dimentary anterior  outer  tubercle  often  present  in  the  second  upper 
molar  of  the  houserat.  As  in  this  .species  the  posterior  upper 
molar  consists  of  an  anterior  inner  tubercle  followed  by  a  crescentic  loop 
with  concavity  directed  inward.  In  unworn  teeth  this  loop  is  normally 
complete,  though  in  some  specimens  the  posterior  limb  is  divided  by  a 
furrow.  With  abrasion  the  limbs  of  the  crescent  become  separated. 
Front  surface  of  incisors  deep  orange. 

Measurements. — External  measurements  of  type:  total  length,  611; 
head  and  body,  229;  tail  vertebrte,  382:  hind  foot,  45  (43)*;  ear  from 
meatus,  24;  ear  from  crown,  19;  width  of  ear,  18.  Seven  specimens 
(including  type):  total  length,  566  (545-611);  head  and  body,  224  (216- 
229);  tail  vertebrae,  342  (323-380);  hind  foot,  45  (42-48);  hind  foot  without 
claw,  43  (40-46). 

Cranial  measurements  of  type:  greatest  length,  56:  basal  length, 
47.6;  basilar  length,  44.6;  palatal  length,  25;  least  width  of  palate  be- 
tween anterior  molars,  5;  diastema,  14.8;  length  of  incisive  foramen,  8; 
combined  breadth  of  incisive  foramina,  3.8;  length  of  nasals,  21.4;  com- 
bined breadth  of  nasals,  6.2;  zygomatic  breadth,  25.8;  interorbital 
breadth,  9;  breadth  of  braincase  above  roots  of  zygomata,  20.4;  mastoid 
breadth,  18.8:  occipital  depth  at  front  of  basioccipital,  14;  frontopalatal 
depth  at  posterior  extremity  of  nasals,  13.6;  least  depth  of  rostrum  im- 
mediately behind  incisors,  11;  maxillary  toothrow  (alveoli),  11.8;  width 
of  front  upper  molar,  3;  mandible,  30.6;  mandibular  toothrow  (alveoli), 
10. 

*Measurement  of  hind  foot  in  parenthesis  is  taken  exclusive  of  claws. 


140  Jlille)'. — /Seven  JVew  Mats  collected  hi  Slam. 

Specimens  examined. — Eight,  all  taken  at  or  near  the  type  locality. 

Remarks. — Mus  vociferans  is  the  mainland  representative  of  M.  sahanus, 
a  rat  quite  unlike  any  of  the  other  species  known  to  occur  on  the  Malay 
Peninsula,  and  at  present  recorded  from  Borneo  and  the  Natuna  Islands 
only.  It  is  a  very  noisy  animal;  when  trapped  its  loud  cries  so  quickly 
attract  the  smaller  carnivores  that  perfect  specimens  are  with  difficulty 
obtained. 

Mus  ferreocanus  sp.  nov. 

Type  adult  female  (.skin  and  skull)  No.  8G,737  United  States  National 
Museum,  collected  in  the  mountains  of  Trong,  Lower  Siam,  at  about 
3000  ft.  altitude,  January  15,  1899. 

Characters. — Size  large  (hind  foot  aboiit  5(5;  greatest  length  of  skull,  53) 
tail  slightly  longer  than  head  and  body,  dark  brown  at  base,  whitish  at 
tip;  ear  long  and  narrow,  its  length  greater  than  distance  from  eye  to 
nostril;  fur  composed  almost  exclusively  of  fine  grooved  bristles:  general 
color  above  bluish  iron  gray,  beneath  pure  white:  skull  with  slightly  de- 
veloped supraorbital  ridges. 

Fur. — Underfur  rather  scant,  not  at  all  woolly  except  on  belly.  The 
main  bocjy  of  the  fur  is  composed  of  fine  grooved  bristles,  those  on  mid- 
dle of  back  about  15  mm.  in  length.  Interspersed  with  the  bristles  are 
a  few  terete  black  hairs,  25-30  mm.  in  length.  These  are  practically 
confined  to  the  back  and  rump,  and  are  nowhere  conspicuous. 

Color. — The  color  of  this  rat  is  difficult  to  describe  with  accuracy,  as 
the  tints  cannot  be  matched  in  Ridgway's  Manual  of  Colors.  The  gen- 
eral effect  is  a  lustrous  bluish  iron  gray,  darker  along  middle  of  back, 
paler  and  slightly  drab-tinged  on  sides;  everywhere  frosted  by  the  pale 
glistening  tips  of  the  bristles,  Avhich  produce  a  sheen  varying  much  with 
different  exposures  to  light.  Cheeks  washed  with  drab  gray,  muzzle 
with  seal  brown.  Underparts  creamy  white,  this  color  extending  down 
inner  side  of  front  legs  to  wrists,  and  on  hind  legs  nearly  to  ankles.  Fur 
of  dorsal  surface  gray  (Ridgway,  PI.  II,  No.  8)  at  base,  that  of  under- 
parts white  throughout.  Ear  dark  brown;  a  small  tuft  of  fine  white 
hairs  immediately  beneath  orifice.  Tail  dark  brown,  the  terminal  fourth 
dull  white.  Hind  feet  uniform  sepia.  Front  feet  sepia  varied  with  didl 
white. 

Tail. — The  moderately  long  tail  of  this  species  is  finely,  inconspicu- 
ously and  somewhat  irregularly  annulated.  At  middle  there  are  twelve 
rings  to  the  centimeter.  The  rings  are  divided  by  cross  furrows  into 
scales  longer  than  broad  and  with  rounded  corners.  These  scales,  how- 
ever, are  scarcely  noticeable  to  the  unaided  eye.  The  fine  stiff  hairs 
that  spring  from  the  spaces  between  the  rings  are  in  length  abotit  one 
half  greater  than  width  of  ring,  and  are  apparently  not  definitely  ar- 
ranged with  regard  to  the  scales.  Near  tip  of  tail  the  rings  become  nar- 
rower and  more  indefinite  and  the  hairs  longer  and  less  stiff,  though 
without  forming  any  semblance  of  a  pencil. 


Millar. — Seven  Nev^  Rats  collected  in  Slam.  141 

Skull. — The  skull  of  Mus  ferreocanus  (Pis.  Ill  and  IV,  Fit,'.  2)  thou<,'h  of 
the  same  general  size  as  that  of  the  other  large  rats  of  Trong,  is  easily 
recognizable  by  its  shallow,  weak  rostrum  and  tapering  form  as  well  as 
by  various  details  in  structure.  The  zygomata  are  strongly  convergent 
anteriorly,  their  anterior  roots  relatively  light  and  little  spreading.  An- 
tiorbital  foramina  small,  but  less  contracted  below  than  in  the  other 
species.  The  plate  forming  its  outer  wall  is  faintly  concave  on  the  oviter 
surface,  its  anterior  border  slightly  convex  from  below  middle,  the 
straight  portion  at  base  sloping  distinctly  backward.  Pterygoids  long  and 
straight  to  the  extreme  tip,  the  interpterygoid  space  narrowing  gradually 
and  continuously  from  behind  forward.  Audital  bulhf  much  larger  than 
in  Mus  vocijerans,  but  not  peculiar  in  form.  Interorbital  region  narrow. 
Supraorbital  ridges  low  and  little  developed,  much  as  in  Mus  bowersi,  but 
traceable  along  sides  of  braincase  to  lambdoid  ridge. 

Teeth. — Molars  slightly  narrower  than  in  Mus  vocijerans,  the  enamel 
folds  relatively  broader,  but  not  essentially  different  in  form.  The  pos- 
terior limb  of  the  terminal  crescent  in  the  third  upper  molar  is  normally 
divided  from  the  anterior,  even  in  unworn  teeth.  Lower  molars  differ- 
ing in  much  the  same  manner  as  the  upper.  Incisors  relatively  weak, 
their  anterior  face  yellowish  ivhite. 

Measurements. — External  measurements  of  type  specimen:  total  length, 
489;  head  and  body,  238;  tail  vertebrie,  251;  hind  foot,  5(3  (53);  ear  from 
meatus,  27;  ear  from  crown,  21:  width  of  ear,  17.  A  second  adult 
specimen:  total  length,  501;  head  and  body,  241;  tail  vertebrte,  2(50; 
hind  foot,  5(5  (53). 

Cranial  measurements  of  type:  greatest  length,  53.6;  basal  length 
48;  basilar  length,  45;  palatal  length,  25;  least  width  of  palate  between 
anterior  molars,  5;  diastema,  15.8;  length  of  incisive  foramen,  9.4;  com- 
bined breadth  of  incisive  foramina,  3.8;  length  of  nasals,  22.G;  combined 
breadth  of  nasals,  5.2;  zygomatic  breadth,  25.4;  interorbital  breadth,  8; 
mastoid  breadth,  20.2;  breadth  of  braincase  above  roots  of  zygomata, 
20;  depth  of  braincase  at  anterior  extremity  of  basioccipital,  14.6;  fron- 
topalatal  depth  at  posterior  extremity  of  nasals,  12;  least  depth  of  ros- 
trum immediately  behind  incisors,  8;  maxillary  toothrow  (alveoli),  9,4; 
width  of  front  upper  molar,  2.8;  mandible,  30;  mandibular  toothrow 
(alveoli),  9. 

{Specimens  examined. — Three,  all  from  the  type  locality. 

Remarks.— Thin  species  is  not  closely  related  to  the  other  rats  of  the 
Jlahiy  Peninsula:  and  I  am  unable  to  find  any  description  of  an  animal 
at  all  reseinl)ling  it  among  the  forms  occurring  in  the  East  Indian  Ar- 
chipelago. 

Mus  validus  sp.  nov. 

Type  adull  male  (skin  and  skull)  No.  8(5,741  United  States  National 
Museum,  collected  in  the  mountains  of  Trong,  Lower  Siam,  at  about 
1000  ft.  altitude,  February  18,  1899. 

Charavtei's. — A  large  robust  animal  in  size  and  general  appearance  re- 
sembling Mus  bowersi  Anderson  from  liurmah.     Fur  coarse,  but  essen- 


142  MiUer.  —  Seven  JVe'ir  Jittts  collecte<7  In  Si<mi. 

lially  spineless.  Tail  about  as  long  as  head  and  body,  dark  brown 
throughout,  its  annulation  more  coarse  that  in  M.  bowersi.  Earsliort  and 
broad,  its  length  less  than  distance  from  eye  to  nostril.  Skull  and  teeth 
much  heavier  (lian  in  the  Burmese  species,  the  rostrum  shorter,  broader 
and  deeper,  and  supraorbital  ridges  remarkably  heavy.  Enamel  pattern  of 
third  upper  molar  essentially  like  that  of  second,  and  both  uith  well  developed  an- 
tero-external  tubercle. 

Fur. — Although  the  fur  is  composed  of  the  usual  three  kinds  of  hair 
tlie  bristles  are  so  slender  that  to  the  unaided  eye  tlieir  true  nature  is  not 
apparent.  They  average  about  30  mm.  in  length  on  the  baciv,  while  the 
ierete  hairs  are  little  more  than  half  as  long. 

Color. — Back  and  sides  a  fine  grizzle  of  black  and  dull  buff  (slightly 
l)rowner  than  Ridgway,  PI.  Y,  No.  13),  the  two  colors  nearly  equally 
mixed  on  back,  but  the  blaclv  hairs  much  less  abundant  on  sides,  where 
the  buff  is  somewhat  dulled  l)y  the  irregular  appearance  at  the  surface 
of  the  gray  (Ridgway,  PI.  II,  No.  7)  underfur.  Underparts  cream  buff 
to  base  of  hairs,  this  color  extending  down  inner  svirface  of  legs  to  wrists 
and  nearly  to  ankles.  Feet  scantily  clothed  with  short  sepia  hairs. 
Head  like  back,  but  the  colors  more  closely  blended.  Cheeks  like  sides. 
Mvizzle  hair  brown.  Ears  and  tail  dark  brown,  the  latter  without  trace 
of  paler  tip. 

Tail  — The  moderately  long  tail  is  coarsely  conspicuous  and  uniformly 
annulated.  At  middle  there  are  about  iH  rings  to  the  centimeter.  The 
rings  are  noticeably  divided  by  cross  furrows  into  scales  slightly  longer 
than  broad,  the  distal  edges  of  which  are  crenulate.  Numerous  stiff 
black  hairs  spring  from  beneath  the  free  edges  of  the  rings,  usually  three 
to  each  scale.  In  length  the  hairs  about  equal  the  width  of  the  rings. 
At  tip  of  tail  the  rings  become  closer  and  the  hairs  longer  and  less  stiff 
but  without  forming  a  pencil. 

,S/l'u?Z.— The  skull  of  Mus  validns  (V\%.  Ill  and  IV,  Fig.  1)  differs  more 
widely  from  that  of  M.  bowersi  (Pis.  Ill  and  IV,  Fig.  4)  than  could  be  an- 
ticipated from  the  external  similarity  of  the  two  animals.*  The  latter 
in  fact  bears  a  superficial  resemblance  to  the  skull  of  Mus  vociferans,  dif- 
fering chiefly  in  its  more  slender  rostrum,  larger  audital  bulUe,  more 
convergent  zygomata,  and  obsolete  supraorbital  ridges,  characters  all  but 
one  of  which  are  directly  the  opposite  to  those  of  Mas  vcdidas.  Supra- 
orbital ridges  very  prominent,  and  forming  a  distinct  postorbital  angle, 
behind  which  they  are  continued  backward  along  sides  of  braincase  to 
extremities  of  interparietal.  The  lower  portion  of  the  antorbital  fora- 
men, widely  open  in  Mus  fjmversi,,  is  here  reduced  to  a  mere  slit,  partly 
as  the  result  of  shortness  of  rostrum  and  conse([uent  unusually  close  con- 
tiguity of  root  of  incisor  and  anterior  edge  of  outer  wall  of  foramen. 
The  plate  forming  this  outer  wall  is  broad,  its  outer  surface  distinctly 
concave.     Anterior  border  strongly  convex  from  a  little  below  middle, 

*For  the  opportunity  to  examine  a  specimen  of  Mus  bowersi  collected, 
by  Fea  at  Yatlo,  Burmah,  I  am  indebted  to  Dr.  R.  Gestro,  of  the  Genoa 
Mviseum. 


Miller. — Seven  JVew  Rats  collected  in  Siam.  143 

the  ba-sal  straight  iMjrliDii  directed  slightly  fonrard.  Audital  bullae  smaller 
than  in  Mm  bowersi,  though  nearly  double  as  large  as  in  M.  vociferans, 
subcircular  in  outline  when  viewed  from  the  side. 

Teeth.— The  teeth  are  broader  than  in  the  other  large  rats  from  Trong, 
but  the  toothrow  as  a  whole  is  not  correspondingly  lengthened.  Enamel 
pattern  of  first  upper  molar  as  in  Mas  decumanus.  In  the  second  tooth  a 
small  but  distinct  antero-external  tubercle  is  added  to  the  number  nor- 
mally present.*  Occasionally  this  tubercle  is  connected  with  that  of  op- 
posite side,  so  that  the  enamel  pattern  consists  of  three  transverse  folds 
as  in  the  first  tooth.  Third  molar  like  second,  though  smaller,  and  the 
elements  of  the  tooth  less  distinct.  This  tooth  is  therefore  of  more  com- 
plicated structure  than  that  of  Mus  decumanus,  owing  to  the  addition  of 
an  anterior  outer  tubercle,  and  the  normal  division  of  the  posterior  cres- 
cent into  two  transverse  loops. 

Jlfmst<rCT7ie?.<s.— External  measurements  of  type:  total  length,  .521;  head 
and  body,  254;  tail  vertebrae,  2(57;  hind  foot,  49  (46);  ear  from  meatus, 
20.6;  ear  from  crown,  16;  width  of  ear,  16.  Another  specimen,  also  a 
male:  total  length,  515;  head  and  body,  248;  tail  vertebrte,  267;  hind 
foot,  52  (49). 

Cranial  measurements  of  type:  greatest  length,  55;  basal  length,  48.6; 
basilar  length,  45.6;  palatal  length,  26;  least  width  of  palate  between 
anterior  molars,  5;  diastema,  14.6;  length  of  incisive  foramen,  9:  com- 
bined breadth  of  incisive  foramina,  3.6;  length  of  nasals,  22.6;  combined 
breadth  of  nasals,  6.2;  zygomatic  breadth,  28;  interorbital  breadth,  8; 
mastoid  breadth,  19;  breadth  of  braincase  above  roots  of  zygoma,  20; 
depth  of  braincase  at  anterior  border  of  basioccipital,  15;  fron to-palatal 
depth  at  posterior  extremity  of  nasals,  13.4;  least  depth  of  rostrum  im- 
mediately behind  incisors,  10;  -maxillary  toothrow  (alveoli),  11;  width  of 
front  upper  molars,  3;  mandible,  31;  mandibular  toothrow  (alveoli),  10. 

Specimens  examined.— Two,  both  from  the  type  locality. 

Remarks.— Though  this  rat  bears  a  strong  superficial  resemblance  to 
il/t(s  6o?('em  its  skull  and  teeth  show  that  there  is  no  very  close  relation- 
ship between  the  two  animals.  Probably  the  Siamese  animal  is  more 
nearly  related  to  the  Bornean  Mus  infraluteus  Thomas.  This  species, 
which  is  slightly  larger  than  3/hs  caZttZu-s,  and  with  actually  as  well  as 
relatively  shorter  tail,  differs  from  it  further  in  darker  general  color,  and 
in  the  dark  undcrfur  of  the  ventral  surface.  The  skull  is  shorter  and 
apparently  lu'oader,  and  the  incisive  foramina  do  not  extend  back  to  line 
of  front  of  molars.  The  palate  is  said  to  be  32  mm.  in  length,  while  in 
M.  validvs  it  is  only  26  mm.  In  the  original  description  of  Mus  infraluteus 
the  enamel  pattern  is  not  mentioned.  It  is  therefore  presumably  normal 
and  quite  ditt'erent  from  that  of  31.  mlidus. 

*A  trace  of  this  tubercle  is  usually  visible  close  to  the  cingulum  in 
Mus  decumanus,  but  forming  no  part  of  the  triturating  surface  of  the 
crown. 


144  Milhi)-.  —  Seven  New  Jiitfs  coUerfed  in  Slnm. 

Mus  cremoriventer  sp.    iiov. 

2'(/pe  adult  male  (skin  and  skull)  No.  8(5,770  United  States  National 
Museum,  collected  in  the  mountains  of  Trong,  Lower  Siam,  at  about 
3000  ft.  altitude,  January  Ki,  1899. 

Characters. — A  slender  animal  about  the  size  of  Mus  jerdoni  Blyth,  from 
Mount  Mooleyit,  Burmah.  Tail  much  longer  than  head  and  body,  dark 
brown  throughout,  thinly  but  distinctly  penicillate.  Fvir  very  thickly  spinous. 
General  color  dull  ochraceous  above,  whitish  cream  buff  beneath.  Skull 
shorter  and  relatively  broader  than  that  of  M.  jerdoni. 

Fur. — As  in  Jfws  jerdom  the  fur  of  the  back  and  sides  is  composed  of 
three  kinds  of  hair,  (a)  soft  fine  underfur  about  10  mm.  in  length,  light 
gray  at  base  and  ochraceous  at  tip,  (b)  broad,  grooved  bristles  slightly 
longer  than  the  underfur,  light  horn  color  at  base,  those  on  back  blackish 
at  tip,  those  on  sides  uniform  throughout,  and  (c)  slender  terete  hairs  20 
mm.  in  length,  blackish  throughout,  bvit  darker  at  tij^  than  at  base.  The 
long  hairs  are  rather  abundant  on  back,  most  numerous  posteriorly.  On 
sides  they  soon  disappear.  On  Iielly  the  bristles  and  vmderfur  alone  are 
present,  both  much  reduced  in  length,  and  without  dark  bases.  Legs 
nearly  free  from  bristles  excejat  on  outer  side. 

Color. — General  color  above  dull  ochraceous  fading  to  ochraceous  buff 
or  dull  butt"  yellow  on  sides,  the  sides  nearly  clear,  but  back,  shoulders, 
neck  and  head  uniformly  sprinkled  with  black-tipped  hairs  and  bristles 
which  are  nowhere  in  excess  of  the  ochra(;eous.  Gheeks  clear  ochrace- 
ous buff.  Muzzle  hair  brown,  paler  at  the  sides.  A  narrow  dark  shade 
encircles  each  eye  but  without  forming  a  distinct  eyering.  Underparts 
and  inner  surface  of  legs  clear  light  cream  buff  to  base  of  hairs,  sharply 
defined  and  extending  to  wrists  and  ankles.  Feet  mixed  whitish  and 
sepia.     Tail  and  naked  ears  uniform  dark  brown  throughout. 

Tail. — The  slender  tail  is  conspicuously  and  regularly  annulated.  At 
middle  there  are  11  or  12  rings  to  the  centimeter.  The  rings  are  sharply 
marked  off  from  each  other,  and  so  slightly  divided  by  cross  furrows 
that  to  the  unaided  eye  they  appear  entire.  With  a  lens  they  are  seen  to 
be  made  up  of  rectangular  scales  slightly  longer  than  broad.  The  free 
edges  of  the  rings  are  slightly  crenulate  and  from  beneath  them  spring 
stiff  black  hairs  whose  length  slightly  exceeds  width  of  rings.  There 
are  usually  three  hairs  to  each  di\4sion  of  the  ring.  Toward  tip  the 
rings  become  much  narrower  and  the  hairs  longer,  forming  a  thin  but 
evident  pencil. 

Skull. — The  skull  of  Mas  cremoriventer  (PI.  Y,  Fig.  2)  is  shorter  and  broad- 
er than  that  of  Af.  jerdoni  (PI.  \,  Fig.  1).  Its  reduction  in  length  is  due 
more  to  shortening  of  the  rostrum  than  of  the  braincase,  so  tiiat  the 
form  of  the  skull  is  sensibly  altered.  Incisive  foramina  shorter  and  re- 
latively broader  than  in  Mus  jerdoni,  the'iv  posterior  extremity  on  level 
with  front  of  first  molar.  Antorbital  foramen  smaller  than  in  Mus  jer- 
doni but  less  contracted  below.  The  maxillary  plate  forming  its  outer 
wall  is  narrow,  the  greatest  width  only  2.8  mm.  Its  anterior  border  is 
faintly  concave  below  and  faintly  convex  above,  the  general  slope  ujii- 


lev.  —  Seven  N~ei('  llafx  collect al  hi  Shnii,  145 

I'ormly  backward.  Zygomata  light  Ihoiigli  less  slender  than  in  M.  jerdoni, 
not  abruptly  flaring  anteriorly.  Supraorbital  ridges  well  developed  and 
continued  backward  to  interparietal,  but  not  forming  a  distinct  postorbi- 
tal  angle. 

"  Teeth. — The  teeth  agree  closely  with  those  of  3fus  jerdoni.  Arrange- 
ment of  molar  tubercules  as  in  M.  jerdoni  and  M.  decumanus.  Anterior 
face  of  incisors  bright  orange,  the  upper  somewhat  darker  than  the  lower. 

Measurements. — External  measurements  of  type:  total  length,  317;  head 
and  body,  146:  tail  vertebrsp,  171;  pencil,  8;  hind  foot,  30(28.5)?;*  ear 
from  meatus,  17:  ear  from  crown,  13;  width  of  ear,  12.  A  second  speci- 
men: total  length,  305;  head  and  body,  130;  tail  ver  ebne,  175;  hind 
foot,  30(28.5)'.'* 

Cranial  measurements  of  type:  greatest  length,  34;  basal  length,  28; 
basilar  length,  25;  palatal  length,  13.4;  least  width  of  palate  between 
anterior  molars,  3.4;  diastema,  8.2;  length  of  incisive  foramen,  5.G;  com- 
bined breadth  of  incisive  foramina,  2.(3;  length  of  nasals,  11.8;  combined 
breadth  of  nasals,  4;  zygomatic  breadth,  15.4;  interorbital  breadth,  6; 
mastoid  breadth,  12.8;  breadth  of  braincase  over  roots  of  zygomata, 
14.8;  depth  of  braincase  at  front  of  basioccipital,  10;  fronto-palatal 
depth  at  posterior  extremity  of  nasals,  7;  least  depth  of  rostrum  imme- 
diately behind  incisors,  6;  maxillary  toothrow  (alveoli),  6;  width  of  front 
upper  molar,  l.fi;  mandible,  15.G;  mandibular  toothrow  (alveoli),  G. 

Specimens  e-iamined. — Two,  both  from  the  type  locality. 

Remarks. — Mus  cremoriventer  ditl'ers  too  widely  from  the  other  species 
known  to  occur  on  the  Malay  Peninsula  to  require  any  special  compari- 
son. It  is  immediately  recognizable  by  its  moderate  size,  slender  form, 
spiny  fur,  and  long,  unicolor,  slightly  penicillate  tail. 

Mus  asper  sp.   nov. 

7///>e;  adult  female  (skin  and  skull)  No.  8G,7G7  United  Slates  ]Salit)nal 
Museum,  collected  in  the  mountains  of  Trong,  Lower  Siam,  at  an  alti- 
tude of  about  1000  ft.,  February  2,  189!). 

Characters. — Smaller  than  ilfHsjerc/on?  (hind  foot  about  28  mm).  Tail 
shorter  than  head  and  body,  bicolor,  but  not  white  at  tip.  Fur  of  back 
very  densely  set  with  stiff  bristles.  General  color  raw  sienna  above,  dull 
buff  beneath,  the/ur  everywhere  dusky  at  base;  a  tawny  spot  on  chest. 
Skull  relatively  broader  than  in  Mus  jerdoni  or  M  cremoriventer,  the  ante- 
rior portion  of  the  zygomata  more  abruptly  flaring  and  ivliole  arcli  dispro- 
poriionally  heavy. 

Fur. — The  fur  is  as  in  Mus  jerdoni  and  M.  cremoriventer,  except  that  the 
spines  are  more  abundant  on  back  and  less  numerous  on  sides  and  belly. 
Back  with  very  few  long  terete  hairs.     I^egs  wholly  free  from  bristles. 

Color. — General  color  above  raw  sienna  (slightly  paler  than  Ridgway, 
PI.  V,  Fig.  2)  fading  to  light  ochraceous  on  sides.  Back,  shoulders,  neck, 
and  head  uniformly  clouded  or  speckled  with  bister;  this  and  the  raw 

*Pistorted  in  preparation;  measurement  probably  too  long. 


146  Miller. — Seven  JVew  Bats  collected  in  Simn. 

sienna  present  in  about  equal  quantities.  Bister  soon  disappearing-  on 
sides  and  cheel<s.  Muzzle  hair  brown,  grayish  at  sides.  A  dark  shade 
about  eye.  Underparts  dull  buff,  sharply  defined,  much  darker  and 
browner  than  in  M.  cremori center,  fading  to  buffy  gray  on  chin  and  inner 
side  of  legs,  down  which  it  extends  to  join  dull  white  of  feet.  A  small 
tawny  spot  on  middle  of  chest.  Fur  of  underparts  everywhere  conspicuously 
dusky  at  base. 

Tai/.— Except  for  its  shortness  the  tail  is  essentially  like  that  of  M. 
cremoriventer.  The  annulation,  however,  is  a  little  less  distinct,  and  the 
rings  are  more  noticeably  divided  by  cross  furrows.  In  none  of  the 
specimens  is  the  tail  perfect  to  extreme  tip,  but  there  is  no  apparent  ten- 
dency to  form  a  pencil. 

Skull— The  skull  of  3Ius  a»per  (PI.  V,  Fig.  3)  while  of  about  the  same 
length  as  that  of  Mus  jerdoni  (PI.  V,  Fig.  1)  ditfers  conspicuously  in  the 
deeper  rostrum,  strongly  cuneate  nasals,  larger  antorbital  foramen, 
heavier,  more  abruptly  flaring  and  more  depressed  zygomata,  and  larger, 
strongly  angled  supraorbital  ridges.  Incisive  foramina  short  and  broad, 
their  outer  margins  convergent  anteriorly.  Interpterygoid  space  shorter 
and  wider  than  in  Miis  jerdoni.  Plate  forming  outer  wall  of  antorbital 
foramen  essentially  as  in  Mus  cremoruenter,  and  distinctly  less  convex 
above  than  in  Mus  jerdani. 

Teetli—The  teeth  appear  to  be  precisely  like  those  of  Mmjerdoni. 
Measurements. — External  measurements  of  type:  total  length,  254; 
head  and  body,  133;  tail  vertebr;e,  121;  hind  foot,  27  (25.5);  ear  from 
meatus,  18;  ear  from  crown,  13;  width  of  ear,  14.  An  adult  male  from 
the  type  locality:  total  length,  235;  head  and  body,  121:  tail  vertebra', 
114;  hind  foot,  28  (2(5.5).  The  hind  foot  in  two  specimens  in  alcohol 
measures  respectively,  28.6  (27.4)  and  26  (25). 

Cranial  measurements  of  type;  greatest  length,  34;  basal  length,  28; 
basilar  length,  26;  palatal  length,  13.4;  least  width  of  palate  between 
anterior  molars,  3.6;  diastema,  8.4;  length  of  incisive  foramen,  4.6:  com- 
bined breadth  of  incisive  foramina,  2.8;  length  of  nasals,  11;  combined 
breadth  of  nasals,  3.8;  zygomatic  breadth,  15.4;  interorbital  breadth, 
5.8;  mastoid  breadth,  11.8;  breadth  of  braincase  above  roots  of  zygo- 
mata, 13.6;  depth  of  braincase  at  front  of  basioccipital,  9.8:  frontopala- 
tal  depth  at  posterior  extremity  of  nasals,  8;  least  depth  immediately 
behind  incisors,  6;  maxillary  toothrow  (alveoli),  6;  width  of  first  upper 
molar,  1.4;  mandible,  17.2;  mandibular  toothrow  (alveoli),  5.4. 

Hperivicns  emmincd. — Six  (two  in  alcohol),  all  from  the  type  locality. 
Remarks. — While  Mas  axper  differs  widely  from  the  known  mainland 
representatives  of  the  genus  it  is  probably  rather  closely  related  to  the 
iJornean  4/"».v  irhiteheadi  Thomas,  a  species  which  I  know  by  description 
only.  Mus  axper  •Agveeii  with  the  Bornean  animal  in  size,  character  of 
fur,  color  scheme,  and  general  aspect  of  skull,  but  ditfers  from  it  in  its 
shorter  tail,  lighter  color  with  stronger  contrast  between  sides  and  belly, 
less  developed  maxillary  plate  forming  outer  wall  of  antorbital  foramen; 
relatively  wider  incisive  foi'amina,  and  apparently  longer  molar  row, 


Miller. — Seven  Keir  liafs  coJlected  In  Slam.  147 

Mus  pellax  sp.  nov. 

Tjipe -aClxxW,  female  (skin  and  skull)  No.  80,755  United  Stales  National 
Museum,  collected  in  the  mountains  of  Trong-,  Lower  Siam,  at  an  alti- 
tude of  about  1000  ft.,  February  5,  1899. 

Charaetera. — Closely  related  to  Mmjerdoni  Blyth  from  Mount  Mooleyit, 
Burmah,  but  with  larger  skull  and  teeth,  much  shorter  incisive  foramina 
and  relatively  smaller  audital  bulhe.  Namls  extending  conspicuously  be- 
hind nasal  branches  of  premaxillaries.  White  of  inner  side  of  thigh  con- 
tinued along  lower  leg  to  join  that  of  foot,  as  in  Mus  jerdoni. 

Fur. — The  fur  is  as  in  Musjerdoni  and  M.  erevwruenter. 

Color. — Back  and  sides  clay  color  tinged  with  ochraceous,  particularly 
on  shoulders  and  flanks,  and  everywhere  darkened  by  mixture  of  Van- 
dyke brown,  the  latter  in  excess  over  middle  of  back,  nearly  disappear- 
ing on  sides.  Underparts  white,  sharply  defined,  this  color  extending 
down  inner  side  of  legs  and  covering  dorsal  surface  of  feet.  Muzzle 
hair  brown.  Face  and  crown  like  back.  An  ill  defined  brown  eyering. 
Between  ears  there  is  a  conspicuous  elongate  white  spot,  possibly  due  to 
albinism.  Ears  dark  brow^n.  Tail  bicolor.  but  not  sharply  so,  light  brown 
above,  whitish  below,  the  colors  becoming  indefinite  near  tip. 

Tail. — The  tail  is  indistinctly  annulated;  ten  rings  tothe  centimeter  at 
middle.  The  rings  are  not  sharply  defined.  Each  is  divided  into  seg- 
ments distinctly  broader  than  long.  From  beneath  the  free  edges  of  the 
rings  grows  numerous  hairs  whose  length  about  equals  width  of  two 
rings.  These  hairs  are  not  definitely  arranged,  and  from  one  to  four 
spring  from  each  section.  At  tip  the  rings  become  very  irregular,  but 
the  hairs,  contrary  to  the  general  rule,  are  reduced  in  length. 

iSkulL — Though  noticeably  larger  than  that  of  Mus  jerdoni  the  skull  of 
Mus  pellax  does  not  dift'er  from  it  in  general  form.  The  audital  bulhe 
are  a  shade  smaller  than  in  Mus  jerdoni,  therefore  relatively  of  much  less 
size.  Incisive  foramina  short  and  broad,  the  outer  margins  converging 
anteriorly.  Nasals  extending  nearly  ;5  mm.  behind  nasal  branches  of 
premaxillaries.  At  anterior  extremity  each  nasal  is  emarginated  on 
outer  side  so  that  the  two  together  form  a  narrow  median  point.  Other- 
wise the  skull  agrees  with  that  of  Mu.s  jerdoni. 

Teeth. — The  teeth  are  much  broader  than  those  of  Mus  jerdoni.  Enam- 
el pattern  as  in  M.  jerdoni  ?in(\  M.  derunianux  except  in  the  presence  of  a 
minute  supplemental  tubercle  between  first  and  second  tubercles  on  in- 
ner side  of  second  upper  molar.  Though  present  and  perfectly  symmet- 
rical in  the  tooth  of  each  side  it  is  probably  not  a  normal  character. 

Measurements. — External  measurements  of  type:  total  length,  317; 
head  and  body,  152;  tail  vertebra\  1(55;  hind  foot,  35  (33);  ear  from 
meatus,  21;  ear  from  crown,  IG;  width  of  ear,  17. 

Cranial  measurements  of  type:  greatest  length,  41;  basal  length,  34; 
basilar  length,  31;  palatal  length,  17;  least  width  of  palate  between  an- 
terior molars,  4;  diastema,  11.5;  length  of  incisive  foramen,  (5;  combined 
breadth  of  incisive  foramina,  3;  length  of  nasals,  10;  combined  breadth 
of  nasals,  4.8;  zygomatic  breadth,  18;  inteporbital  breadth,  6.4;  mastoid 


148  Miller — Seven  New  Bats  collected  in  Siain. 

breadth,  14;  breadth' of  braincase  above  roots  of  zyj^omata,  Ki;  depth  of 
braincase  at  front  of  basioccipital,  10.8;  fronto-palatal  depth  at  posterior 
extremity  of  nasals,  8.8;  least  depth  immediately  behind  incisors,  7; 
maxillary  toothrow  (alveoi).  6.8;  width  of  first  upper  molar,  2;  mandi- 
ble, 21.5;  mandibular  toothrow  (alveoli),  (i.o. 

Specimens  examined. — C)ne,  the  type. 

Remm-kii. — While  this  ^i^ecies  is  very  distinct  from  Mus  jerdoni,  its  re- 
lationship to  Mus  surifer  is  questionable.  Dr.  Abbott  writes  that  he  ex- 
amined numerous  individuals  and  that  in  the  flesh  they  could  be  invaria- 
bly distinguished  from  the  species  with  which  they  were  associated. 
The  white  spot  on  the  head  he  regards  as  a  normal  character. 

Mus  surifer  sp.  nov. 

Type  adult  male  (skin  and  skull)  No.  86,746  United  States  National 
Museum,  collected  in  the  mountain  of  Trong,  Lower  Siam,  at  an  altitude 
of  about  3,000  feet,  January  14,  1899. 

Characters. — In  general  appearance  much  like  Musjerdoni  and  M.  pdlax, 
but  larger  and  more  robust  than  either.  Fur  thickly  spiny.  Tail  about 
equal  to  head  and  body,  though  usually  somewhat  longer,  bicolor  with 
exception  of  terminal  third  or  fourth,  which  is  entirely  dull  white. 
IIi)id  leg  from  knee  to  heel  uxualln  ochraceoux  on  both  sides  thus  separating 
white  of  inner  side  of  thigh  from  that  of  foot.  Skull  much  larger  and 
more  conspicuously  ridged  than  that  of  Mus  jerdoni. 

Fur. — The  fur  is  as  in  Mus  jerdoni  and  M.  creinorirenter. 

Color. — Upper  parts  uniform  tawny  ochraceous,  heavily  sprinkled  wilh 
blackish  brown  on  posterior  half  of  back,  less  so  on  shoulders  and  head. 
Sides,  tianks,  cheeks  and  outer  surface  of  legs  clear  tawny  ochraceous. 
Underparts  white  to  base  of  hairs.  The  white  extends  down  inner  sides 
of  front  legs  to  wrists,  but  on  hind  legs  it  normally  reaches  barely  be- 
yond knee,  below  which  the  entire  leg  is  ochraceous,  though  slightly 
dulled  on  inner  side  by  the  dusky  bases  of  the  hairs.  Occasionaly,  how- 
ever, the  white  extends  in  a  narrow  irregular  line  to  heel.  F'eet  dull 
white.  Ears  and  dorsal  surface  of  tail  to  terminal  third  or  fourth  dark 
brown.  Underside  of  tail  and  whole  of  terminal  third  or  fourth  dull 
white. 

Tail. — The  tail  is  distinctly  annulated,  though  less  evenly  than  in 
Mus  rremoriventer.  There  are  about  12  rings  to  the  centimeter  at  middle. 
The  rings  are  indistinctly  divided  into  sections  slightly  longer  than  broad, 
from  the  free  edge  of  each  of  which  spring  1-3  hairs  equal  in  length  to 
width  of  about  one  and  one  half  rings.  At  tip  the  rings  become  nar- 
rower and  less  regular,  the  hairs  at  the  same  time  increasing  in  abund- 
ance, but  not  in  length,  and  not  forming  a  pencil. 

Skva.—'rhi>  skull  of  Mils  surifer  (PI.  V,  Fig.  4)  is  conspicuously  larger 
than  that  of  M.  jerdoni  (PI.  V,  Fig.  1),  though  not  very  different  in  form. 
Supraorbital  ridges  high  and  continued  backward  to  interparietal,  and 
in  old  individuals  forming  a  strong  postorbital  angle.  Incisive  foramina 
relatively  much  shorter  and  wider  than  in  Mus  jerdoni,  distinctly  wider 
posteriorly  than  anteriorly. 


Miller — Seven  Neio  Hats  collected  in  Siam.  149 

Teeth. — The  teeth  are  relatively  broader  than  in  Mas  jerd'ini,  l)ul  in 
structure  they  show  no  peculiarities. 

Mai.suremeiits. — P]xternal  measurements  of  type:  total  len<ith,  400;  head 
and  body.  1!)7:  tail.  20:>:  hind  foot,  .'J8  (3(5):  ear  from  meatus,  21.5;  ear 
from  crown,  IS;  width  of  ear.  lo.  Ten  specimens  (five  of  each  sex)  from 
the  type  locality  a\erage:  total  length,  372  (35(3-400):  head  and  body,  187 
(l;)2-l()7):  tail  vertebra,  185.5  (175-203);  hind  foot,  38.(>  (3(i-40):  hind  foot 
without  claws,  35.8  (34-39). 

Cranial  measurments  of  type:  greatest  length  4(>  (30.())*;  basal  length, 
40  (30);  basilar  length,  37  (27.(5);  palatal  length,  19  (14.8);  least  width  of 
palate  between  anterior  molars,  4.(5  (3.8);  diastema,  13.4  (9.4);  length  of 
incisive  foramen,  7.4  ((5.(5);  combined  breadth  of  incisive  foramina,  4  (3); 
length  of  nasals,  18.(5  (14);  combined  breadth  of  nasals,  5  (3.6);  zygomatic 
breadth,  19.8  (15.4);  interorbital  breadth.  7.(5  ((5):  mastoid  breadth.  15 
(13);  breadth  of  braincase  above  roots  of  zygomata,  1(5  (15);  depth  of 
braincase  at  front  of  basioccipital,  12  (10.4);  frontopalatal  depth  at  pos- 
terior extremity  of  nasals,  9  (8);  least  depth  of  rostrum  immediately  be- 
hind incisors,  8  ((5.8):  maxillary  toothrow  (alveoli),  7  ((i):  width  of  front 
upper  molar,  2  (1.(5):  mandible.  24.(5  (18.0):  mandibular  molar  series 
(alveoli),  7  (5.8). 

Spenme/i-s  c.ravn'ucd. — Twenty-one,  all  from  the  type  locality. 

Jteinarkx. — Mu^  Kurifer  is  somewhat  closely  related  to  ^f^^s  jerdoni, 
though  immediately  distinguishable  by  its  much  greater  size.  Two 
adult  specimens  of  the  latter  measure:  total  length,  325  and  322;  head 
and  body,  200  and  192:  tail  vertebrte,  125  and  K'.O:  hind  foot,  31.5  (30.5) 
and  30.5  (29.5);  ear  from  meatus,  19  and  19;  ear  from  crown,  1(5  and  16; 
width  of  ear,  14  and  13.  Externally  >¥m.v  .*«/■//>?'  is  probably  mvich  like 
the  15ornean  Mux  rajah  Thomas;  but  the  skull  is  considerably  smaller. 
Some  of  the  cranial  measurements  of  the  type  of  Mux  rajah  are:  greatest 
length,  51;  basilar  length,  41;  zygomatic  breadth,  22;  nasals,  19;  dias- 
tema 14.5 

*Measurements  in  parenthesis  are  those  of  an  adult  specimen  of  Mus 
jerdoni  from  Mount  Mooleyil,  Hurinah. 


150  Miller — Seven  New  Hats  collected  in  Siant. 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATES. 

(All  figures  slightly  less  than  natural  si/e.) 

Plates  III  and  IV. 

Fig.  1.  Mus  vulidufi.     Type. 

Fig.  2.   Musfcrrcocanvn.     Type. 

Fig.  3.  Mun  vociferan^.     Type. 

Fig.  4.   Mvf<  Ixnccrxi.     Adult  male,  Yado,  Uurmah  (fJenoa  Museum). 

Plate  V. 

Fig.  1.  Mux  jerdoyii.     Adult  female  No.  101,520,  United  States  National 

Museum.     Mount  Mooleyit,  Burmah. 
Fig.  2.  Mus  cremoriventer.     Type. 
Fig.  3.  Mus  usper.     Type. 
Fig.  i.  Mus  surifer.      Topotype.      No.  86,760,  United   States  National 

Museum.     (A  much  younger  .specimen  than  1  hat  of  M.  jcrdoui. ) 


PROC.   BIOL.  SOC.  WASH.,  VOL.  XIII,    1900 


PL.   Ill 


1.  Mus  validus. 

2.  Mils  ferreocanus. 


3.  Mus  vociferans. 

4.  Mus  bowei'si. 


PROC.    BIOL.   SOC.  WASH.,   VOL.  XIII,   1900 


PL.    V 


1.  Mus  jerdoni. 

2.  Mus  cremoriventer. 


3.  Mus  asper. 

4.  Mus  surifer. 


Vol.  Xltl.  pp.  151  152  June  13,  1900 

PROCEEDINGS 


OF  THE 


BIOLOGICAL    SOCIETY    OF    WASHINGTON 


DESCRIPTIONS    OF  TWO  NEW  MAMMALS  FROM 

CALIFORNIA. 

1!Y  ('.   HART  MEUUIAM. 


Sciuropterus  oregonensis  Stephens!  subsp.  nov. 

CALIFORNIA    t'OAST    FLYIN(4    SQUIRREL. 

Type  from  Slierwood,  Mendocino  Co.,  Calif,  (alt.  2500  ft.)  No.  09,830  ? 
yj,'.  ad.,  C.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Biological  Survey  Coll.  Collected  May  10, 
1894,  by  F.  Stephens.     Orig.  No.  2;307. 

Chdrdcttrs. — '^\m\\-A\  io  oregonenxis  hwi  smaller  and  paler;  underparts 
and  underside  of  tail  without  trace  of  fulvous  suffusion.  Slcull  smaller; 
occipital  region  much  more  strongly  decurved;  frontals  narrower  inter- 
orbitally  and  broader  posteriorly:  nasals  and  premaxillte  narrower  pos- 
teriorly. 

M('nsur(iiie)itx. — Type  specimen.  9  ad:  Total  length  277;  tail  vertebrte 
i:n;  hind  foot  37. 

lU'iiiarhx. — In  coloi'ation  tliis  subspecies  resembles  kldiiKdlioiKix  much 
more  closely  than  orctjonenKU,  but  it  is  slightly  darker  than  Jdamathends 
and  has  much  smaller  ears  and  audita!  bulhe. 

Procyon  pallidus  sp.   nov. 

DESKKT     RACCOON. 

Type  from  New  River.  Colorado  Desert,  Calif.  No.  99,272  9  ad.,  U.  S. 
Nat.  Mus.,  Biological  Survey  Coll.  Collected  Oct.  10,  1899  by  F. 
Stephens.     Orig.  No.  2246. 

C'!i(irn('tefx. — Size  medium:  coloration  luiiForm  pale  gray,  very  much 
paler  ai\d  grayer  than  any  other  known  form;  head  markings  relatively 
narrow,  tlie  dark  dividing  the  wiiite  bar  between  the  eyes  less  distinctly 
black  than  in  the  other  species.  There  is  no  yellowish  suffusion  in  the 
pelage  anywhere,  not  eNen  on  the  tail.     The  tail  rings  may  be  traced  all 

:«— Bioi,  Soc.  Wash.  Vol.  XIII,  1900.  (151) 


152  Merriam — NeAi':  Harvest  ^MoiiKt-  from   Jlr.ricc. 

the  way  around  although  the  basal  ones  on  the  underside  are  very  in- 
distinct. 

Cranial  clufrarters. — Skull  similar  in  general  tollial  of  pxura,  resem- 
bling it  much  more  closely  than  that  of  JirriKduhzi.  It  differs  from 
2')xara,  however,  in  having  the  jugal  much  narrower  below  the  orbit,  and 
in  having  the  lower  premolars  larger  and  more  crowded.  The  fourth 
lower  premolar  in  particular  is  much  more  swollen  than  in  pnora. 

MeasitremenU. — (Type  specimen,  9-  '«  flesh:)  Total  length  855;  tail 
vertebrte  295;  hind  foot  ]2cS. 


DESC^RIPTION    OF    A    NEW    HARVEST    MOUSE 
(KEITIIRODONTOMYS)  FROM  MEXICO. 

BY  C.  HART  MERRIAM. 


Reithrodontomys  chrysopsis  sjj.   nov. 

Type  from  Mt.  Popocatapetl,  Mexico.  No.  52,031  rj"  ad.  U.  S.  Nat. 
Mus.,  Biological  Survey  ('oil.  Collected  Feb.  25,  18!)3  by  E.  W.  Nelson 
and  E.  A.  Goldman.     Orig.  No.  4405. 

Characti'Va. — Size  small;  ears  large  and  moderately  haired;  tail  very 
long,  slender  and  well  haired;  fur  long  and  very  soft;  color  golden-yel- 
lowish. 

Color. — Upperparts  from  nose  to  tail  rich  bright  golden-yellowish, 
somewhat  darkened  on  back  and  rump  by  admixture  of  black  hairs; 
underparts  whitish  suffused  with  pale  salmon  fulvous;  ears  and  ankles- 
dusky;  fore  aiul  hind  feet  white;  tail  sharply  bicolor:  above  dusky,  be- 
low white. 

Cratdid  r/a/?v/r/rr.s-.-— Skull  small  and  frail;  braincase  papery,  in- 
flated, subglobular  posteriorly  and  everywhere  well  rounded;  interorbital 
region  narrow,  without  trace  of  supraorbital  beads;  zygomata  slender 
but  strongly  notched  by  antorbital  slits;  rostrum  small  and  very  nar- 
row; audital  bulhe  rather  small;  incisive  foramina  very  long,  cutting' 
plane  of  first  molars,  and  of  even  breadth  throughout. 

Mea8uremenU. — Type  specimen:  Total  length  1!)4:  tail  vertebrae  108; 
hind  foot  21.  Average  of  two  specimens  from  type  locality:  Total 
length  185.5;  tail  vertebvie  100;  hin-d  foot  20.5, 


Vol.  XIII.  pp.  153-158  June  13,  1900 

PROCEEDINGS 


OF  THE 


BIOLOGICAL   SOCIETY   OF   WASHINGTON 


DESCRIPTIONS    OF  TWO  NEW  MAMMALS  FROM 
SOUTHERN    CALIFORNIA. 

1!Y  F.  STEPHENS. 


Perognathus  panamintinus  arenicola  subsp.   nov. 

Typf  from  San  Felipe  Narrows,  San  Diego  Co.,  California.  No.  90,828, 
(f ,  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Biological  Survey  Coll.  Collected  April  11,  1892  by 
F.  Stephens.     Orig.  No;  20r)(i. 

Chai'dcierK. — Similar  to  P.  panamintinus  bangsi  but  paler  and  whiter: 
mastoids  greatly  swollen  and  projecting  much  further  back  than  the 
occiput;  interparietal  very  small.  ^ 

Measurements. — Total  length,  141:  tail  vertebne,  82:  hind  foot,  19. 

Myotis  californicus  pallidus  subsp.  nov. 

Ti/jie  from  Vallecito,  San  Diego  Co.,  California.  No.  99,829,  ^,  U.  S. 
Nat.  Mus.,  Biological  Survey  Coll.  Collected  April  1,  1895  by  F. 
Stephens.     Orig.  No.  2498. 

Characters. — Size  small;  wings  short,  wing  membrane  thin  and  light; 
ears  small:  general  appearance  delicate,  color  very  pale:  light  ochraceous 
buff  or  brownish  cream  bviff;  below  dull  white:  basal  part  of  pelage 
above  and  below  blackish. 

Measurements. — Total  length,  80;  expanse,  208:  tail  vertebrae,  42;  ear, 
11:  thumb,  4:   forearm.  80;  tibia,  15. 

;«— Bioi..  Sof.  Wash.  Voi,.  XIII.  190(i.  (153) 


In4  (4(iiir<(l  Xotcx. 

(GENERAL   NOTES. 

The  Vespertilio  concinnus  of  Harrison  Allen. 

Through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Witmer  Stone  I  have  recently  had  the 
opportunity  to  examine  the  bats  on  which  Harrison  Allen  based  the 
name  VexpertiUo  ronrinnu.'i  (Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Philadelphia,  1806,  p. 
280).  The  specimens,  two  in  number,  are  in  alcohol,  and  labeled  "San 
Salvador,  Dr.  J.  Leidy."  Though  much  faded  in  color  they  are  clearly 
referable  to  Myotis  tiif/rira/iK  (Maximilian),  or  at  least  to  that  form  of  the 
species  occuring  in  Columbia  and  southern  Mexico.  The  name  conriii- 
nus  is  therefore  a  synonym  of  nigricans  unless  the  bat  to  which  it  was 
applied  should  eventually  prove  to  be  distinct  from  the  true  nig?'iran.s  of 
Brazil,  specimens  of  which  I  have  not  seen.  In  that  case  it  would  be 
tenable  for  the  northern  animal.  —  Gern'f  S.  Miller.  Jr. 

The  generic  name  Evotomys  not  invalidated  by  Anaptogonia. 

In  a  posthumous  paper  on  the  fauna  of  the  Port  Kennedy  bone  fissure 
(Journ.  Acad,  Nat.  Sci.,  Philadelphia,  2d  Ser.  NI,  p.  201)  Cope  .substi- 
tuted the  name  Audptogonia  Cope  1871  based  on  a  fossil  Microtine  rodent 
for  EvotiDiiys  Coues  1874  originally  applied  to  the  Redbacked  Mice.  The 
change  was  made  on  accoinit  of  the  supposed  generic  identity  of  the 
fossil  and  living  animals.  Through  the  courtesy  of  Mr.  AVitmer  Stone 
I  have  recently  had  an  opportunity  to  examine  two  specimens  of  Anap- 
togonia from  the  collection  of  the  Philadelphia  Academy  of  Sciences. 
This  material  shows  that  Aini}it()g()ni((,  i\\\\\(>\_vj:\\  provided  with  rooted 
molars,  is  in  no  way  closely  related  to  Erofonigs.  The  teeth  are  as  large 
as  in  Mirrotiix  {Neofiber)  alleni,  and  the  enamel  pattern  is  characterized  by 
acute  angularity.  The  genus  thus  resembles  the  ^'Arviroln  intermedium''^ 
of  Newton  and  the  Dolinnys  of  Nehring.  Therefore  the  name  Epotomys 
as  applied  to  the  Redbacked  Mice  is  in  no  way  invalidated  by  the  i^re- 
vious  publication  of  Atiajifngo/ifd. — Gerrit  S.  Afillrr.  Jr. 

Note  on  Micronycteris  brachyotis  (Dobson)    and    M.  microtis  Miller. 

In  describing  a  bat  from  Cireytown,  Nicaragua,  under  the  name  Afi- 
cronyrterin  iHirroti,s  (Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Philadelphia,  1898,  p.  :!28),  I 
overlooked  the  fact  that  Dobson  had  previously  (Proc.  Zool.  Soc  London, 
1878,  p.  880)  described  a  member  of  the  same  genus  from  Cayenne, 
French  (Juiana,  as  SrJiizoxtovm  Irachyote,  a  name  not  cited  in  Ti-oues- 
sart's  'Cataiogus.'  The  two  animals  are  evidently  much  more  distinct 
from  each  other  than  the  similarity  of  their  specific  names  would  at 
first  suggest.  AfirmuyrU'riK  brarhyotiK  is,  with  the  exception  of  Af. 
behnii,  one  of  the  largest  species  of  the  genus  (forearm  40  mm.),  while 
M.  mirrotix   is  among  the  smalle.st  (forearm    )il).     In   .)/.  hrttrliynlis  the 


(jfeneral  Xotcs.  1A5 

uprijihl  portion  of  the  noseleaf  is  "much  narrower  than  the  horse- 
shoe," and  the  prominences  on  the  chin  are  of  very  peculiar  form.  In 
M.  microtia  the  uprijj;ht  portion  of  the  noseleaf  is  fully  as  wide  as  the 
'horse-shoe,'  and  the  prominences  on  the  chin  are  exactly  as  in  normal 
members  of  the  genus. — (Wrrit  N.  Milhr.  Jr. 


The  systematic  name  of  the  Cuban  red  bat. 

In  Ivumon  de  la  Sagra's  Historia  Fisica  Politicay  Natural  de  la  Isla  de 
Cuba,  III,  p.  32,  1845,  Gervais  describes  the  cuban  red  bat  as  Vespertilio 
blo.ssci'iUii.  Publication  of  the  name  he  attributes  to  Lesson  and  Garnot, 
"Bull.  Sc.  Nat.  VIII,  p.  1)5."  This  reference  I  have  not  been  able  to 
verify,  but  it  luiquestionably  antedates  the  publication  of  Gundlach's 
name  AtaUiphd  pfeiffcri  (1S()1)  by  si.Kteen  years.  The  animal  should 
therefore  be  known  as  Lifxiiirus  hlmon'rilUL — Gcrrif  S.  Milhr,  Jr. 


Note  on  the  Vespertilio  blythii  of  Tomes.* 

In  1S,')7  Tomes  published  a  description  of  the  Indian  representative  of 
Myolis  mi/iitix  under  the  name  Venpertilio  bltftldi  (Proc.  Zool.  fioc.  Lon- 
don, IS.TT,  p.  53).  Ilecent  authors  have  without  exception  regarded  the 
animal  as  identical  with  the  European  form.  A  specimen  collected  by  Dr. 
W.  L.  Abbott  in  Kashmir  (9  adult  No.  fl|i|  United  States  National 
Museum)  shows,  however,  that  this  view  is  not  correct,  and  that  Myotix 
bljithii  is  a  well  characterized  species,  readily  distinguishable  from  M. 
vtyotixhy  its  shorter  ears,  much  smaller  audital  bulhe,  and  by  a  peculiar- 
ity in  the  form  of  the  maxillary  molars.  In  these  teeth  the  protocone 
is  lower  and  further  removed  from  the  paracone  than  in  M.  myotix, 
a  character  which  is  at  once  appreciable  when  the  teeth  of  the  two 
species  are  viewed  in  profile  from  the  front.  This  peculiarity  is  evi- 
dently of  considerable  importance,  as  I  can  find  no  appreciable  variation 
ill  the  form  of  the  molars  among  a  large  number  of  European  speci- 
mens of  ^f.  myotix.  —  (hn-rif  S.   .]fi//rr.  J)'. 


The  Scotophilus  pachyomus  of  Tomes  a  valid  species. 

l)escril)ed  in  1S.")7  (Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  London,  p.  50)  from  specimens 
taken  in  India  the  Srntop/iilux  jiiic/zynmi/x  of  Tomes  has  of  recent  years 
been  regarded  as  inseparable  from  the  European  Serotine  Bat  (see 
Dobson,  C'atal.  C'hiropt.  lirit.  Mus.,  p.  1!M,  and  Blanford,  Mamm.  Hrit. 
India,  p  303).  Two  individuals  taken  by  Dr.  W.  L.  Abbott  in  the  Vale 
of  Kashmir  and  now  in  the  United  States  National  Museum  (Nos.  |if§t 
and  ^lyii";)  agree  in  all  respects  with  the  characters  given  by  Tomes  and 

*This  note  and  the  four  following  are  published  here  by  permission 
of  the  Secretarv  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution. 


15(5  (ii'in-i'dl  jV(>ff\^. 

show  that  the  animal  differs  widelj'  from  Vespertilio  .serotinv,s.  It  is 
slightly  larger  than  the  European  species,  (forearm  52,  foot  12  (10.4), 
tibia  22.4),  the  skull  is  broader  anteriorly,  the  crowns  of  the  upper 
molars  are  less  narrowed  on  the  lingual  side  and  the  color  is  much  paler. 
Fur  very  silky  in  texture,  about  3  mm.  in  length  at  middle  of  back. 
Hairs  of  dorsal  surface  light  broccolibrown  from  base  nearly  to  tip, 
then  dark  sepia,  followed  by  silvery  gray  at  extremity.  The  colors 
blend  insensibly  into  each  other,  and  the  whitish  tips  of  the  hairs  pro- 
duce a  frosted  effect  nearly  as  distinct  as  that  in  V.  rnurinus.  Fur  of  ven- 
tral surface  very  pale  ecru  drab  at  base,  fading  to  whitish  gray  at  tip;  a 
fairly  defined  line  of  demarkation  between  colors  of  upper  and  lower 
surfaces.  These  characters  are  suflicient  to  distinguish  Vexpertilio 
pachyomuii  specifically  from  V.  serotinus. — Gerrit  S.  Miller,  Jr. 


A  Bat  of  the  genus  Lichonycteris  in  South  America. 

Lichonycteris  obscuri/s,  the  only  known  representative  of  its  genus, 
was  described  in  1895  from  a  single  adult  female  taken  at  Managua, 
Nicaragua  (Thomas,  Ann.  and  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  0th  ser.,  XVI,  pp.  55-57, 
July,  1895).  While  identifying  some  old  skins  in  the  United  States 
National  Museum  I  recently  found  a  specimen  of  this  species  labeled 
"Surinam,  Edw.  Koebel."  It  is  without  further  history  except  that  it 
was  entered  m  the  Museum  register,  as  No.  14815  on  March  6,  1885. 
The  known  range  of  the  genus  is  thus  greatly  extended.  In  all  respects 
the  Surinam  specimen  exactly  agrees  with  the  character  given  in  the 
original  description. — Gerrit  S.  Miller,  Jr. 


The  systematic  name  of  the  large  noctule  bat  of  Europe, 

The  first  notice  of  the  Large  Noctule  of  southern  Europe  appears  to 
have  been  published  in  1869  by  Fatio  in  the  first  volume  of  the  "Faune 
des  Vertebres  de  la  Suisse.  Here  specimens  taken  in  the  trunk  of  a 
tree  near  Amsteg,  Canton  of  Uri,  Switzerland,  were  recorded  as  [  I'(.v- 
peruf/o  nortidd]  var.  vn(.viina  (Mammiferes,  p.  57).  More  recently  the 
animal  has  been  considered  identical  with  the  Pterygistes  lasiopten/s  of 
China  and  Japan  (For  references  see  Trouessart,  Catalogus  Mammalium, 
I,  p.  111).  Two  specimens  from  Pisa,  Italy,  recently  obtained  by  the 
United  States  National  Museum  differ  noticeably  from  a  pair  of  P.  l(is-i- 
optents  collected  some  years  ago  by  Mr.  P.  L.  Jouy  at  Fusan,  Corea. 
They  are  distinctly  larger  (forearm,  (^,  65,  9.  68,  instead  of  c^,  60,  9. 
61),  and  the  skull,  in  addition  to  its  larger  size  (greatest  length  22  instead 
of  20.4),  differs  in  its  more  tumid  rostrum,  broader  anterior  nares,  and 
narrower  interpterygoid  space.  The  European  animal  which  in  all 
probability  is  specifically  distinct  from  Pteryj/istr.s  hi.Kiojtteriis  .should  be 
known  as  Pteryf/i.'<fi'x  iii(i.iiiini.-<  (Fatio).  —  Gerrit  S.  .)fillcr.  Jr. 


(jreneral  A^otfK.  157 

A  new  subgenus  for  Lepus  idahoensis. 

The  small  rabbit  described  by  Merriam  in  1891  (North  American 
Fauna  No.  5,  p.  76)  as  Lepux  idahoendu  differs  too  widely  from  members 
of  any  of  the  recognized  subgenera  to  be  associated  with  them.  It  may 
therefore  be  regarded  as  the  type  of  a  new  subgenus  BracJiylagux.  The 
characters  are  as  follows:  Skull  short  and  deep,  the  disproportionately 
large  audital  bullae  and  small  rostrum  (diastema  shorter  than  orbit)  pro- 
ducing a  strikingly  immature  effect;  supraorbital  processes  shorter  than 
toothrow,  their  extremities  free;  posterior  prism  of  second  lower  pre- 
molar and  first  and  second  lower  molars  less  than  half  as  large  as  an- 
terior; ears,  legs,  and  tail  short,  the  latter  not  perfectly  formed. — Gerrit 
S.  Miller,  Jr. 

Antennaria  solitaria  near  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Although  not  included  in  recent  works  on  the  flora  of  the  northeastern 
United  States,  Antennaria  xolHaria  is  entitled  to  a  place  there.  In  May, 
1899,  I  found  the  plant  growing  in  dry,  open,  deciduous  woods  near  the 
side  of  a  road  a  mile  or  more  east  of  Kensington,  Montgomery  Co., 
Maryland,  well  within  the  limits  commonly  assigned  to  the  flora  of  the 
District  of  Columbia.  It  ajjparently  occupies  a  small  area  only,  though 
this  year  it  Jias  spread.  The  species  has  been  recorded  (as  Antennaria 
plantac/inifoUa  fi.  monocephala)  from  the  vicinity  of  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
(Torrey  and  CJray,  Fl.  N.  Am.,  II,  p.  431)  and  there  is  every  reason  to 
expect  its  occurrence  throughout  the  Austral  zones  of  the  eastern 
United  ^i&iea.— Gerrit  S.  MiUiV.  Jr. 

Batrachium  hederaceum  in  America. 

Up  to  the  present  year,  so  far  as  I  have  been  able  to  ascertain,  Batra- 
chiinn  ]i(<hr((ceiim  (L.)  S.  F.  (Jray,  has  been  credited  to  the  following 
stations  and  collectors  only:  Virginia:  Hampton  ("Chesapeake  City"), 
Ward,  1S77,  Va.sey,  1878;  Norfolk,  Ward,  1877,  Muir;  Dismal  Swamp, 
Vhickering,  1877;  Virginia  Beach,  Britton  &  Small,  1893;  Newfoundland: 
Bona  Vista  Bay,  Osborn,  1879;  New  Harbour,  Waghome,  1889  and  1890; 
Quiddy  Viddy  Lake,  Rdhin.san  d-  Sr/trenk,  lS9Jf. 

The  first  record  by  name  of  station  of  the  introduction  of  this  species 
from  Europe  is  Dr.  Watson's  in  the  .sixth  edition  of  Gray's  Manual, 
1890.  The  second  is  Mr.  J.  M.  Macoun's  note  (Bot.  (iaz.  i6:  285.  1891) 
on  the  plants  collected  by  the  Rev.  A.  C.  Waghorne,  assigning  to  them 
the  record  of  being  the  first  collected  in  Canada.  If  Mr.  Macoun  had 
access  to  the  specimens  distributed  by  Mr.  H.  L.  Osborn,  he  did  not  give 
them  the  first  Canadian  credit  because  they  were  distributed  under  the 
name  lianviinihiK  hijperhoreu.^  Pursh. 

Dr.  Robinson  in  Gray's  Synoptical  Flora  (Vol.  I,  Pt.  1,  Fasc.  1;  22. 
1895)  cites  Mr.  Muir  in  connection  with  the  station  given  in  the  Manual 
and   appends  a   foot-note   naming   the   above    collectors   except  Messrs. 


158  (t(iii)'(iI    \^<iti,^. 

Ward,  Vasey  and  J>ritton  iV;  Small.  From  these  omissions  I  inler  that 
their  collections  were  not  published  or  widely  distributed. 

Professor  Ward  tells  me  that  when  he  and  Dr.  Morong  were  approach- 
ing the  "Chesapeake  City"  station,  he  remarked  that  "that  is  a  regular 
ranunculaceous  i^ool."  So  it  proved,  for,  besides  />\  Itcdtritccum  they 
collected  RanuncHliiK  piixillm^  and  two  other  species. 

With  these  two  limited  areas  for  the  adopted  habitat  of  this  species  it 
was  a  surprise  to  Mr.  W.  M.  Pollock  and  myself,  on  May  G,  1900,  to  find 
siaecimens  bearing  flowers  and  fruit,  in  a  lai-ge  swamp  bordering  the 
Patuxent  River  at  the  mouth  of  its  AVestern  Branch,  practically  at  the 
head  of  navigation.  There  were  two  distinct  patches  of  the  plant,  one 
rather  badly  cut  up  by  the  passage  of  teams  over  a  temporary  farm 
road.  The  patches  were  growing  in  standing  water  about  two  inches: 
deep,  over  a  thin  deposit  of  humus  upon  compact  marl. 

In  Britton  &  Brown's  Illustrated  Flora  (Vol.  II:  84)  the  season  of  llow- 
ering  is  given  as  ",lune  to  August."  The  plants  collected  by  Britton  A: 
Small  were  barely  in  flower  on  May  26.  Professor  Ward's  specimens 
were  barely  in  fruit  on  May  12.  The  plants  from  the  new  station  were  in 
full  bloom  and  ripe  fruit.  These  fruits  probably  could  not  have  matured 
from  flowers  which  were  in  anthesis  later  than  the  last  week  in  April. 
WMth  this  collection,  then,  the  range  is  increased  and  the  known  period 
of  blossoming  lengthened. 

Dr.  Britton  writes  me  that  the  habit  of  the  plant  at  Virginia  Beach 
has  led  him  to  expect  it  elsewhere  along  tide-water  areas.  We  shall  in- 
tere.stedly  await  news  of  other  stations. — E.  L.  Morris,  Dcpf.  of  Biohigy^ 
Wi(.s/iiit(jfoN  ITiyJi  Schools. 


Change  of  name. 
Baptisia  confusa  Pollard  and  Ball,  nom.  nov. 

n.  Ti-.vono  Pollard  and  Ball,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  AVash..  i:!:i;;:',.  April  (i. 
1900. 

B.  lonceolatu  te.r/ntu  Holzinger,  Contr.  U.  S.  Nat.  Herb.,  1:280.  Oct. 
ai,  1893.     Not  B.  Texana  Buckley,  Proc.  Acad.   Sci.   Phila.,  452.     18(52. 

Through  inadvertence,  Mr.  Hol/inger's  variety  was  elevated  to  specific 
rank  in  ignorance  of  the  fact  that  the  name  Te.vana  was  applied  many 
years  ago  by  Buckley  to  another  .species.  Our  attention  has  been  con- 
siderately called  to  the  error  by  Dr.  B.  L.  Robinson.~r7/r^//,.s-  l.iuiix  Poh 
aril,  Carh'ton  It.  Ball. 


Vol.  Xlli.  pp.  159  162  October  31,  1900 

PROCEEDINGS 

OF  THE 

BIOLOGICAL   SOCIETY   OF   WASHINGTON 


A  SECOND  COLLECTION  OF  BATS  FROM  THE 
ISLAND  OF  CURACAO.* 

BY  GERIIIT  S.  MILLER,  Jk. 


Mr.  Leon  J.  Guthrie,  United  States  Weather  Observer  at 
WiHemstad,  Curayao,  "West  Indies,  has  recently  sent  to  the 
United  States  National  Museum  a  second  collection  of  bats  pre- 
served in  formalin,  f  Three  species  are  added  to  the  known 
fauna  of  the  island,  thoug-h  two  of  those  previously  obtained, 
Mi/otis  neso2whis  and  Leptonycteris  ciirasow,  are  not  represented. 
The  number  of  bats  recorded  from  Cura9ao  is  thus  raised  to 
six,  all  of  which  are  so  far  as  known  peculiar  to  the  island. 

Glossophaga  elongata  Miller. 

Twenty-seven  specimens,  taken  from  caves  and  rock  tissues  in  differ- 
ent parts  of  the  island,  but  chiefly  from  a  large  cave  at  Hatto,  a  country 
estate  about  thirty  miles  from  WiHemstad.  Among  the  fifty-six  in- 
dividuals of  this  species  examined  four  have  the  incisors  noticeably  de- 
fective, while  in  only  one  of  these  are  the  teeth  absent.  This  condition 
is  in  marked  contrast  with  that  recently  observed  by  Dr.  J.  A.  Allen  in 
a  series  of  thirty-four  specimens  of  the  closely  allied  Glossophaga  lo)igi- 

*Published  here  by  permission  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Smithsonian 
Institution. 

•{•For  account  of  the  first  collection,  see  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Washington, 
xiii,  pp.  123-127,  April  6,  1900. 

34— BiOL.  Soc.  V^ASH.  Vol.  XIII,  1900.  (159) 


IGO  Miller — Second  Collection  of  Bats  from  Curacao. 

rostris  of  Colombia.     Here  the  incisors  were  absent  in  about  one-third  of 
the  individuals,  and  the  full  set  was  present  in  less  than  one-half.* 

Mormoops  intermedia  sp.   nov. 

■  Type  adult  female  (in  alcohol)  No.  103,174  United  States  National 
Museum,  collected  in  cave  at  Hatto,  on  north  coast  of  Curasao,  "West 
Indies,  April  29,  1900. 

Characters. — Similar  to  the  Mexican  Monnooiis  meg<dophylla  Peters, 
but  smaller,  the  size  intermediate  between  that  of  the  two  previously 
known  species;  color  (at  least  in  brown  phase)  slightly  darker  than  in 
M.  megalopJiylla. 

Color. — Brown  phase:  entire  dorsal  surface  sepia,  the  fur  paler  beneath 
the  surface,  and  each  hair  tipped  with  light  drab.  The  drab  tips  pro- 
duce a  distinct  'bloom'  in  certain  lights.  Underparts  very  pale  yellow- 
ish broccoli-brown,  lightest  on  belly,  flanks  and  pubic  region,  faintly 
darker  across  chest.  Red  phase:  like  brown  phase  but  entire  pelage 
sviffused  with  cinnamon.  Pale  phase:  light  salmon-bvitf  above  and  be- 
low, becoming  more  red  about  shoulders  and  head.  Ears  and  membranes 
dark  broAvn  in  all  three  color  phases.  Individuals  in  the  brown  phase 
are  the  most  frequent:  those  in  the  red  phase  are  less  often  met  with; 
while  the  pale  ]3hase  is  corni^aratively  rare. 

Membrnnes,  ears,  and  other  external  characters  as  in  Mormoops  mega- 
lophylla. 

Skull  and  teeth. — While  the  skull  exactly  resembles  that  of  Mormoojis 
megalophylla  the  teeth  are  distingiiishable  by  the  greater  size  and  conse- 
quent crowding  of  the  upper  premolars.  The  anterior  premolar  is  dis- 
tinctly broader  than  in  M.  megalophylla  and  it  usually  fills  the  entire 
space  between  canine  and  posterior  premolar.  The  lower  premolars  are 
slightly  larger  than  in  the  Mexican  animal. 

Measurements. — External  measvirements  of  type  specimen:  total  length, 
80;  tail,  20;  tibia,  20;  foot,  9;  calcar,  20;  forearm,  48;  thumb,  6.4; 
second  digit,  45;  third  digit,  90;  fourth  digit,  6.6;  fifth  digit,  57;  ear 
from  meatus,  14;  ear  from  crown,  9.;  Average  of  twenty  topotypes: 
tail,  20.9  (18-22);  forearm,  49.6  (48-51).} 

Specimens  examined. — One  himdred  and  sixty-four  from  caves  and  rock 
crevices  in  all  parts  of  the  island. 

Remarks. — Morvioops  intermedia  is  readily  distinguishable  from  M. 
megalophylla  by  its  size  and  more  crowded  upper  premolars.  With  the 
Jamaican  M.  blainvillii  it  needs  no  comparison.  The  color  phases  in  this 
bat  are  very  striking. 

Natalus  tumidirostris  sp.  nov. 

Type  adult  male  (in  alcohol)  No.  102,106  United  States  National  Mu- 
seum, collected  in  cave  at  Hatto,  on  north  side  of  island  of  Curasao, 
West  Indies,  May  1,  1900. 

*Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  N.  Y.,  xiii,  p.  89,  May  12,  1900. 
f  Average  of  twenty  specimens  of  M.  megalophylla  from  Mirador,  Vera 
Cruz,  Mexico;  tail,  27.8  (26-32):  forearm,  .54  (53-57). 


Miller — Seconal  CoUccfion  ofBatsfi-om  Curacao.  161 

Charactcrx. — Externally  similar  to  Mexican  specimens  of  Ndtalus 
stramineus  Gray,  but  fingers  shorter  and  ears  somewhat  more  pointed. 
Skull  with  braincase  more  abruptly  elevated  than  in  the  Mexican 
species,  and  roi^truni  connpicuously  inflated  at  aides.  Teeth  throughout 
larger  than  in  N.  stramineu!<:,  the  loAver  premolars  noticeably  broadened. 
,  Color. — Dorsal  surface  uniform  cream-buff,  the  tips  of  the  hairs  grad- 
ually darkening  to  pale  drab:  belly  similar,  but  the  bulT  slightly  more 
tinged  with  yellow  and  the  drab  less  apparent.  Ears  and  membranes 
liglit  brown. 

Eavif. — The  ear  is  essentially  as  in  N.  xtrtnniiuttx,  but  the  point  is  dis- 
tinctly longer  and  narrower. 

Membrane.s,  feet,  and  other  external  cliaracters  as  in  JV.  istrai)dneus. 

Skull. — Though  in  general  appearance  the  skull  of  Natalm^  tumidiroK- 
tris  resembles  that  of  N.  ,stramine>/.s  It  is  immediately  distinguishable  by 
the  conspicuously  swollen  sides  of  the  rostrum.  The  intiation  involves 
the  maxillary  bones  from  anterior  edge  of  orbit  almost  to  nares,  and 
from  near  edge  of  toothrow  to  nasals.  As  the  nasals  retain  the  normal 
form  they  appear  to  occupy  the  floor  of  a  broad,  shallow,  longitudinal 
groove.  In  the  type  the  braincase  rises  above  the  dorsal  plane  of  the 
rostrum  at  an  angle  of  50°,  in  a  second  specimen  at  an  angle  of  58°.  In 
two  specimens  of  N.  siramineuH  the  angle  is  respectively  34°  and  40°.  In 
both  specimens  of  Natalus  tumidiro.stris  the  bony  palate  terminates  on 
each  side  at  the  plane  of  the  postero-internal  angle  of  the  crown  of  the 
second, molar.  In  the  median  line  it  is  continued  slightly  further  back 
along  palatal  face  of  vomer.  The  resulting  form  is  strikingly  different 
from  that  of  the  palate  in  other  members  of  the  genus.  It  is  possible, 
however,  that  the  palate  is  normal  and  that  its  peculiarity  in  the  two 
specimens  is  the  result  of  injury.  As  both  skulls  were  cleaned  by  an 
experienced  preparator  there  seems  little  probability  that  the  palate  was 
originally  of  the  usual  form.  , 

Teeth. — The  dentition  is  throughout  heavier  than  in  N.  stramineufi, 
and  the  form  of  the  individual  teeth  differs  in  many  important  details. 
Cani^nes  and  incisors  as  in  N.  stramineus.  Relative  size  of  upper  pre- 
molars as  in  N.  stramineus,  that  is  the  crown  area  decreasing  regularly 
from  third  to  first,  the  latter  equal  to  about  one-half  former,  but  cusp 
of  first  slightly  longer  than  that  of  second.  In  each  tooth  the  transverse 
diameter  is  greater  relatively  to  the  longitudinal  diameter  than  in 
the  Mexican  animal.  Upper  molars  broader  than  in  N.  strqmi?ievs,  the 
posterior  commissure  of  protocone  of  first  and  second  di.'<tinrtly  marked 
by  a  rudimentary  hypocone.  The  lower  premolars  and  molars  differ  from 
those,  of  N.  straviineus  in  greater  breadtli  of  crown,  this  character 
especially  noticeable  in  the  second  and  third  premolars. 

Measurements. — External  measurements  of  type  ((J)  and  paratype  ($): 
total  Jength,  rj'  96,  $  94;  tail,  (^  47,  $  45;  tibia,  c?  18.4,  $  17.0;  foot, 
J  7,  $  8;  forearm,  J*  36,  $  35;  thumb,  c^  5,  $  4.8;  second  dig-it,  J^ 
35,  9  35;  third  digit,  c?  T2,  ?  69;  fourth  digit,  J^  52,  $  50;  fifth  digit, 
(J  5,1,  9  49;  ear  from  meatus,  c?  15.4.  $  15.4:  ear  from  crown  J'  11.4, 
9  12. 


1G2  Miller — Second  Collection  of  Batsfpjm  Curarao. 

Spenmens  cvantiiicd. — Two,  both  from  the  type  locality. 
lUhiarks. — This  species   requires   no  special    comparison   with  other 
members  of  the  genus,  its  tumid  rostrum  at  once  distinguishing  it. 

Molossus  pygmaeus  sp.  nov. 

Type  adult  female  (in  alcohol)  No.  102,104  United  States  National  Mu- 
seum, collected  in  an  attic  near  AVillemstad,  Curasao,  West  Indies, 
January  16,  1900. 

Characters. — Considerably  smaller  than  Moloxsns  obxcurus;  color  paler 
and  molar  teeth  narrower  than  in  the  mainland  animal. 

Color. — Back  broccoli-brown  faintly  washed  with  drab,  the  hairs 
whitish  gray  through  basal  half,  this  color  appearing  irregularly  at  sur- 
face.    Belly  drab-gray  the  hairs  faintly  whitish  through  basal  half. 

Skull  and  teeth. — Except  for  its  smaller  size  the  skull  does  not  differ 
noticeably  from  that  of  mainland  specimens.  The  crowns  of  the  molar 
teeth  are,  however,  relatively  narrow.  Rudimentary  hypocone  of  first 
upper  molar  nearly  obsolete. 

Meamrcments. — External  measurements  of  type:  total  length,  SO  (98)*: 
tail  vertebrie,  34  (38);  tibia,  11.8  (14);  foot,  0.8(7.8);  forearm,  35(39); 
thumb,  6  (6.4):  second  digit,  35  (40):  third  digit,  70(78);  fourth  digit, 
52  (60);  fifth  digit,  37  (42);  ear  from  meatus,  10  (12);  ear  from  crown, 
8  (10);  width  from  ear,  10  (14). 

Cranial  measurements  of  type:  greatest  length,  1  1.8  (1(5.4)*:  basal 
length,  13(14.8);  basilar  length,  11  (13.6);  lachrymal  breadth,  4.8(5.4); 
least  interorbital  breadth,  3  (4);  zygomatic  breadth,  9.6  (10.6);  mastoid 
breadth,  9  (10):  greatest  beadth  of  braincase,  8  (9);  depth  of  braincase,  5 
(());  mandible,  10.4  (11.8);  maxillary  tool hrow  (exclusive  of  incisors),  5.6 
(6);  mandibular  toothrow  (exclusive  of  incisors),  6  (7). 

Specimens  examined. — One,  the  type. 

Remarks. — Molossii.'i  pyrpno'us  belongs  to  a  group  of  species  the  numbers 
of  which  are  even  smaller  than  M.  obxrurnx  and  its  allies.  The  animal 
is  probably  confined  to  the  island  of  Curayao. 

*Measurements  in  parenthesis  are  those  of  an  adult  female  Molossus 
obscurus  from  La  Guaira  Venezuela. 


Vol.  XIII,  pp.  163-164  October  31,  1900 

PROCEEDINGS 

OF  THK 

BIOLOGICAL    SOCIETY    OF    WASHINGTON 


aj  L  1  B  , 


-^-e<. 


A  NEW  GERBILLE  FROM  EASTERN  TURKESTAN Xf^    „.         ] 


BY  GERRIT  S.   MILLER.  Ju. 


Three  specimens  of  Gerhilftis  collected  by  Ur.  W.  L.  Abbott  in 
Eastern  Turkestan  near  Aksu  and  in  the  jungle  east  of  Maral- 
bashi  have  heretofore  been  referred  with  some  hesitation  to  G. 
przeivalskii  Biichner,  a  species  known  from  a  few  localities  in 
the  Tarira  Valley  near  Lob  Nor  on  the  opposite  side  of  the 
Desert  of  Gobi.  A  para  type  of  Biichner's  animal  received  in 
exchange  from  the  St.  Petersburg  Museum  shows  that  the  iden- 
tification of  the  Aksu  specimens  is  incorrect  and  that  they  rep- 
resent a  distinct  and  easily  recognizable  species. 

Gerbillus  arenicolor  sp.  nov. 

Tyije  adult  male  (skin  and  skull),  No.  (j2,14::!  United  States  National 
Museum,  collected  in  the  jungle  on  Yarkand  River,  east  of  Maralbashi, 
Eastern  Turkestan,  February  9,  1894. 

Cliardcttrx. — Li  size  and  form  similar  to  Gerbillus  przewalxkii  Biichner, 
but  color  light  sandy  gray  instead  of  pale  yellowish  buff. 

Color. — Dorsal  surface  of  body  and  head  a  fine  sandy  grizzle  produced 
by  a  mixture. of  pale  buff,  dark  brown,  and  pale  ecru-drab,  the  brown 
most   conspicuous   near  median   line,  but   never  in  excess  of  the  paler 

*Published  here  by  permission  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Smithsonian 
Listitution. 

35— BIOL.  .Soc.  Wash.  Vol.  XIII,  1900.  (163) 


164         Miller — A  New  GerhiUe  from  Eastern   Tur-kestan. 

colors,  the  ecru-drab  especially  noticeable  on  sides,  cheeks  and  shoulders. 
Ears  and  ill  defined  area  immediately  surroundinij  each  dull  white.  A 
whitish  spot  above  and  slightly  behind  eye.  Underparts  and  entire 
front  leg  w^hite.  On  hind  leg  the  color  of  back  extends  nearly  to  ankle. 
Feet  white,  slightly  gray-tinged.  Fur  of  colored  area  of  pelage  gray 
(Ridgway,  No.  (5)  through  a  little,  more  than  basal  half,  that  of  un- 
colored  area  white  to  base.     Tail  uniform  pale  bvilT  throughout. 

Skull. — The  skull  closely  resembles  that  of  GerbilluH  przewaUkii,  bvit 
the  rostrum  appears  to  be  more  slender  (particularly  when  viewed 
from  below)  and  the  braincase  longer  in  proportion  to  its  breadth.  In 
each  of  the  three  specimens  of  G.  arenicohr  the  mastoid  breadth  is  dis- 
tinctly less  than  the  distance  from  posterior  edge  of  interparietal  to  naso- 
frontal suture,  while  in  the  paratype  of  G.  j)/'zewals/m  it  is  equal  to  this 
distance.     Mandible  and  teeth  as  in  G.  przewalxkli. 

Measurements. — External  measurements  of  type:  total  length,  102: 
head  and  body,  89;  tail  vertebrte,  73;  hind  foot,  2(i.4  (24). 

Cranial  measurements  of  type:  greatest  length,  27.4  (20)*;  basal  length, 
24  (23);  basilar  length,  22  (21);  nasals,  9  (8.0):  diastema,  8  (7);  zygomatic 
breadth,  16  (1.5);  least  interorbital  breadth,  (i  ((i):  mastoid  breadth,  15 
(15);  distance  from  posterior  margin  of  interparietal  to  naso  frontal 
suture,  17.4  (15);  mandible,  14.8  (14);  maxillary  toothrow  (alveoli)  4 
(4);  mandibular  toothrow  (alveoli),  4  (4). 

*Measurements  in  parenthesis  are  those  of  the  paratype  of  G. 
przewalskii. 


Vol.  XIII,  pp.  165-170  October  31,  1900 

PROCEEDINGS 

or  THE 

BIOLOGICAL    SOCIETY    OF    WASHINGTON 


GENERAL   NOTES. 


The  Systematic  Name  of  the  Cuban  Red  Bat. 

In  this  journal  Mr.  Gerrit  S.  Miller,  ,Ir.,  recently  (xiii,  p.  1.)."),  June  13, 
1900)  raised  the  question  of  the  proper  sj'stematic  name  of  the  t'uban 
Red  Bat,  Lasiurus  pfeifferi  (Gundlach,  1861,  et  auct.  recent.),  claiming 
that  it  should  be  L.  hlosxevillii  Gervais,  or  Lesson  and  Garnot.  The  his- 
tory of  the  name  bhsiiedlUi  is  as  follows:  In  1826,  Lesson  and  Garnot 
(Voy.  de  la  Coquille,  I,  1826,  137,  pi.  ii,  fig.  1)  described  and  figured  a  bat 
of  the  genus  Lasiui'us,  from  the  Rio  de  la  Plata,  as  Vespertilio  bonarien- 
sis.  In  an  unsigned  abstract  of  this  work  in  Ferussac's  Bulletin  des 
Sciences  naturelles  et  de  Geologie,  Vol.  xiii,  1826,  pp.  95,  96,  under  the 
title  "Mammiferes  nouveauxou  peu  connu,  decrits  et  figures  dans  I'Atlas 
zoologique  du  Voyage  autour  du  monde  de  la  corvette  la  Coquille;  par 
MM.  Lesson  et  Garnot,"  descriptions  are  given  of  seven  species  of  mam- 
mals, of  which  the  first  is  Ve'^pirtiUo  hlosi<i'illii,  the  description  being  a 
transcript  of  the  Latin  diagnosis  of  Vespertilio  bonariensis  from  Lesson 
and  Garnot's  "Voyage,"  with  the  addition  "Hab.  Monte-Video."  As 
the  plate  carries  the  name  Vexpertilio  bonarienm  as  well  as  the  text,  the 
name  Vexpertilio  bloxserillii  is  evidently  a  pure  synonym  of  V.  bonarienxix. 
The  suggestion  of  the  name  blossevillii  is  evidently  to  be  found  in  Lesson 
and  Garnot's  text;  these  authors  say  that  this  bat  "de  Buenos  Ayres  nous 
fut  remis  par  Tun  de  nos  offlciers,  M.  de  l^losseville,  qui  le  prit  sur  un 
vaisseau  mouille  dans  la  riviere  de  la  Plata." 

Gervais,  in  184.5  (in  R.  de  la  Sagra's  Hist,  fis.,  polit.  y  nat.  de  la  Isla  de 
Cuba,  iii,  32)  simply  applied  the  name  Vexpertilio  bloxxecillii  to  the  Cuban 
Red  Bat  (subseciuently  named  Atalupha  pfeifferi  by  Gundlach,  in  1861), 
believing  it  to  be  specifically  the  same  as  that  described  by  Lesson  and 
Garnot,  as  above  explained,  rightly  citing  for  the  name  Ferussac's  Bul- 
letin, but  wrongly  citing  for  it  Lesson  and  Garnot's  report  on  the  zoology 
of  the  Voyage  of  the  Coquille.  The  proper  systematic  name  of  the 
Cuban  Red  Bat  is,  therefore,  Lasiurux  jtf'W'''^  (Giuidlach)  as  of  late 
currently  employed. — J.  A.  Allen. 

36— Biol.  Soc.  Wash.  Vol.  XIII,  1900.  (165) 


166  General  Notes. 

On  the  occurrence  of  a  Bat  of  the  genus  Mormoops  in  the 

United  States. 

An  adult  female  of  Mormoops  rnvgalophylla  Peters,  a  bat  new  to  the 
United  States  was  taken  by  me  at  Fort  Clark,  Kinney  County,  Texas, 
December  3,  1897.  A  lady  called  me  to  her  house  to  see  a  'very  remark- 
able bat'  which  had  attached  itself  to  the  inner  side  of  a  door-screen. 
I  found  this  bat  very  much  alive,  at  a  season  when  all  other  bats  of  the 
locality  were  dormant  or  had  migrated.  No  other  bats  were  seen  until 
«the  following  March,  when  the  common  NyctinomuH  reappeared  in  the 
usual  abundance.  This  specimen  (No.  84,801,  collection  of  the  United 
States  National  Museum;  original  No.  4273)  identified  by  Mr.  Gerrit  S. 
Miller,  Jr.,  presented  the  following  measurements,  taken  from  the  fresh 
specimen:  Length,  90  mm.;  length  of  caudal  vertebra?,  28;  alar  expanse 
373;  longest  finger,  90;  head,   17;  forearm,  5(5. — Edgar  A.  Menrnn. 

A  Correction  relative  to  the  Tarsier. 

The  specific  name  of  the  Tarsier  is'  generally  published  as  tarmis,  but 
an  examination  of  the  original  description  (Erxleben,  Systema  Regni 
Animalis,  p.  71 ,  1777),  shows  that  tarsier  is  the  original  form.  The  correct 
combination  is  Tarsius  tarsier  (Erxleben). — James  A.  O.  llehn. 


An  older  Name  for  the  Aard  Vark. 

The  n*me  Myrmecupltaga  afra  was  applied  by  Pallas  (Miscellanea 
Zoolgica,  p.  G4,  176(5)  to  the  Aard  Yark,  as  he  calls  the  animal  himself. 
As  the  description  is  as  accurate  as  that  of  cajwnsis  Gmelin,  it  should 
unquestionably  replace  the  latter.  The  combination  should  be  Orycter- 
opus  afi'a  (Pallas). — James  A.  G.  ReJm. 


An  older  Name  for  the  Ogotona. 

In  1776  Pallas  (Reise,  Th.  iii,  bd.  2.  p.  692)  applied  the  name  Lepus 
davuricus  to  the  Ogotona,  and  two  years  later  he  renamed  the  same 
animal  Lepnis  ogotona  (Nov.  Sp.  Glir.,  p.  65,  1778).  As  we  should  accept 
the  older  name,  the  combination  would  be  Oehotona  davurieus  (Pallas). — 
James  A.  G.  Rehn. 


The  proper  Name  of  the  Viscacha. 

In  1786  a  German  edition  of  Molina  was  published  by  Brandis,  entitled 
'Versuch  einer  Naturgeschichte  von  Chili'.  On  page  272  he  applies 
the  name  Lepus  viscareiea  to  'La  Viscacha'  of  Molina,  and  the  descrip- 
tion appended  clearly  shows  that  he  had  in  view  the  same  animal  that 
Blainville   caljed    IHpas  mariiinis   in   1817.     Mr.    Gerrit   S.    Miller.   Jr., 


General  Notes.  .  16''7 

who  kindly  examined  a  copy  of  Molina's  1776  edition  for  me,  states 
that  no  binomial  names  are  used  in  it.  On  this  basis,  the  animal  should 
be  known  as  Viscacia  viacaccica  (Brandis).— Jrt??i6'*  A.  G.  Rchn. 


An  older  Name  for  the  Norway  Rat. 

Erxleben  ('Systema  Regni  Animalis',  p.  381,  1777),  applied  the  name 
Mus  norveyiri/.s  to  the  rat  which  was  named  ih-rumanu^  by  Pallas  one 
year  later:  accordingly  it  should  replace  the  latter  name. — Jume>i  A.  (J. 
Rehn. 


On  the  recent  Occurrence  of  the  Black  Rat  in  Eoston,  Massachusetts. 

Under  date  of  July  11,  1900,  Mr.  Frank  Blake  Webster,  of  Hyde  Park, 
Mass.,  wrote  me  as  follows:  "About  a  year  ago,  a  young  man  who  lived 
in  Boston  said  there  were  black  rats  in  a  store  there.  A\"e  had  him  ob- 
tain a  specimen,  which  was  mounted,  and  which  we  still  have.  During 
the  many  years  that  I  have  been  engaged  in  business  in  the  city  of  Bos- 
ton I  have  never  seen  one".  The  specimen  was  sent  to  me  and  identified 
as  J!f«.y  rattu.s  by  Doctor  J.  A.  Allen  and  myself. — Edgar  A.  Mearns. 


Note  on  Dipodomys  Montanus  Baird. 

Among  the  mammal  types  treasured  in  the  collection  of  the  United 
States  National  Museum  is  the  type  of  Baird's  Dipodomys  montanus, 
originally  described  in  the  Proceedings  of  the  Philadelphia  Academy  of 
Natural  Sciences,  in  185.3,  but  figured  and  more  fully  elaborated  in  that 
author's  Mammals  of  North  America,  published  in  18.57.  This  well- 
marked  species  proves  on  comparison  to  be  strictly  identical  with  Dipo- 
domys elator  Merriam,  named  and  described  in  the  Proceedings  of  the 
Biological  Society  of  "Washington,  in  1894,  from  specimens  taken  at 
Henrietta,  Clay  Co.,  Texas,  about  450  miles  southeast  of  Fort  Massa- 
chusetts. The  synonomy  of  Dipodomys  montanus  will  therefore  be  as 
follows: 
Dipodoinys  montanus  Baird,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  April,  1855,  p. 

334  (Fort  Massachusetts). 
Dipodomys  ordii  var.    montanus  Baird,    Mamm.    North  America,    1857, 

pp.  410,  411,  757,  762,  pi.  Ixxxiii,  fig.  4,  a,  h,  c  (teeth  of  type — 

No.  Jf»V'  ^  youngish  adult).     Tyjie  collected  by  Captain  E.  G. 

Beckwith,  near  Fort  Massachusetts  ("N.  M. — On  head  of  Rio 

Grande,  in  San  Luis  valley.     Altitude,  8,365  feet.     Latitude,  37° 

32^;  longitude,  10.5°  23^"). 
Dipinhnnys  elator  Merriam,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  Vol.  ix,  p.  109,  ,Tnne 

21,  1894  (type  from  Henrietta,  Clay  Co.,  Texas). 

Edgar  A.  Mearns. 


168  General  N'otes. 


Remarks  on  an  unusually  large  Marine  Lobster  caught  off 
Newport,  Rhode  Island. 

I  am  indebted  to  Mr,  Charles  E.  Ash,  of  Newport,  for  the  opportunity 
of  examining  a  lobster  of  unusually  large  size,  taken  off  the  island  of 
Rhode  Island,  June  10,  1900,  by  a  fisherman  who  was  trawling'  for  cod, 
using  a  line  to  which  many  hooks  were  attached.  Lobster-pots  are  too 
small  for  the  capture  of  very  large  lobsters.  This  one  weighed  27 
pounds,  and  ranks  with  the  largest  examples  of  its  species.  The  crush- 
ing claw  is  on  the  left  side.  This  lobster  is  normal  and  perfect  in  all 
its  parts. 

In  the  Bulletin  of  the  American  Museum  of  Natviral  History, 
N.  Y.,  (Vol  XII,  pages  191-194,  plate  IX,  published  December  30, 
1899),  Professor  R.  P.  Whitfield  published  a  description  and  measure- 
ments of  two  phenomenally  large  lobsters,  captured  off  Atlantic  High- 
lands, New  Jersey,  during  the  spring  of  1897.  For  convenience  of  com- 
parison, I  have  followed  the  measurements  of  these  two  specimens,  as 
taken  by  Doctor  E.  O.  Hovey  of  the  American  Museum,  presenting 
those  of  the  present  specimen  in  the  third  column  (No.  3),  Nos.  1  and  2 
being  those  from  New  Jersey. 

MEASUREMENTS    OP    THREE    LARGE    LOJBSTEKS. 

No.  1.    No.  2.  No.3, 
mm.     mm,     mm. 
Length  of  carapace,  including  rostrum,  along  median 

line, ". 257  280  270 

Circtimference  of  carapace  behind  second  pair  of  legs, 268  486  493 

Length  of  abdomen  to  point  of  telson 300  311  310 

Breadth  of  tail, 230  223  270 

Large  chelate  limbs:  right  side,  length  of  first  two  joints...  160  165  186 

"  third  joint 120  122  116 

"  fourth  joint 3()()  365  370 

"  thumb 145  201  198 

"  circumference  of  third 

joint 236  248  215 

"      '    circumference  of  fovirth 

joint 442  348  310 

"          length  of  whole  limb  .  .    570  610  525 

left  side,  length  of  first  two  joints 171  183  186 

"  third  joint 118  124  109 

"fourth  joint 360  375  360 

"  thumb 198  155  162 

"  whole  limb 580  615  523 

"         circumference   of    third 

joint 237  263  255 

"         circumference  of  fourth 

joint 339  491  425 

Entire  length  as  mounted 920  1005  960 


(jx'urnd  Xofi^s.  169 

"Leng-lh  oT  aiitonnu-  exceeds  400  mm." 

"The  right  limb  bears  the  crushing-  chiw  in  No.  1,  but  llie  left  limb 
bears  it  in  No.  2.  The  weight  of  No.  1  when  caught  was  said  to  be 
:{1  pounds;  that  of  No.  2  was  said  to  be  34  pounds." 

In  No.  ',\  (from  Newport),  the  antennse  measured  ooO  mm.  in  length. 
Distance  from  rostrum  to  end  of  tail,  555.  Greatest  exjianse  of  chelate 
limbs,  1025. 

Mr.  Charles  E.  Ash  has  presented  this  specimen  to  the  United  States 
National  Museum,  at  Washington. — Kih/dr  A.    Menrns. 


A  new  southern  Violet.* 
Viola  Alabamensis  Pollard,   n.   sp. 

Acaulescent,  of  dwarf  and  spreading  habit,  from  slender  nearly  ver- 
tical rootstocks;  leaves  small,  sparingly  hirsute,  the  blade  cordate,  sub- 
orbicular,  1.5  to  2  cm.  in  length,  the  slender  petiole  as  long'  or  twice  as 
long;  flowering  scapes  greatl.y  exceeding  the  foliage  (7  to  8  cm.  long)  the 
tloMer  purple,  2.5  cm.  in  diameter;  petals  broadly  oblong,  the  margins 
obscurely  erose  or  fimbriate:  sepals  small,  ovate-lanceolate:  cleistoga- 
movis  flowers  and  fruit  not  obser\  ed. 

Type  in  the  herbarium  of  Dr.  Charles  Mohr,  collected  by  Dr.  Denny 
at  Sucksville,  Washington  County,  Alabama,  in  1852.  Specimens  col- 
lected by  Dr.  Mohr  himself  at  Cullman,  Alabama,  March  22,  1889,  are 
obviously  also  to  be  referred  here.  The  habitat  is  stated  by  Dr.  Mohr  to 
be  "dry  open  copses"  and  the  plant  is  evidently  confined  to  the  upland 
portions  of  the  state.  Though  related  to  V.  villoaa  Walt.,  and  V.  niro- 
linn  (treene  it  suggests  neither  in  habit  or  floral  characters. — Charles 
Louis  Pollard. 


The  correct  name  for  the  eastern  form  of  the  Fox  Squirrel 

{Srhtrus  liidonnan us). 

In  the  x\nnals  and  Magazine  of  Natural  History  for  1867  (3d  ser.,  xx, 
p.  425),  Dr.  J.  E.  Gray  described  3/c/r-n>,r;/.v  ncglectus  based  on  the  skin  of  a 
female  in  the  British  Museum.  The  habitat  was  given  as  'North  Amer- 
ica'.'' and  Dr.  Gray  added  to  the  imperfect  description  the  remarks  that 
it  was  'A  heavy  animal  as  large  as  ^V.  rulpinus  and  Sr.  nnereux,  very 
like  the  latter,'  &g. 

While  preparing  my  'Revision  of  the  Squirrels  of  Mexico  and  Central 

*Published  by  permission  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Smithsonian  Institu- 
tion. 


17()  (Tcntral  ^otrx. 

America,  ^  1  found  it  necessary  in  several  cases  to  apply  to  Mr.  Oldtield 
Thomas  of  the  British  Museum  for  information  concerning  the  speci- 
mens CJray  had  in  liand  when  preparing  his  brief  descriptions.  Mr. 
Thomas  very  Ivindly  loolved  up  Gray's  types  and  gave  me  exactly  the  in- 
formation necessary  to  settle  the  status  of  various  species.  Among 
others  I  asked  about  Gray's  Macrcvus  ncylectux  and  Mr.  Thomas  wrote 
that  the  type  of  this  species  (No.  44.5.29.9  of  the  British  Museum  regis- 
ter) is  a  common  fox  scjuirrel  of  the  cinereun  type  and  is  enlered  as  hav- 
ing been  collected  at  Wilmington,  Delaware,  by  H.  Doubleday.  Mr. 
Thomas  adds  that  'Gray  did  not  trouble  to  look  out  the  locality  in  the 
register'  and  thus  accounts  for  the  indefinite  locality  given. 

In  Mr.  O.  Bangs'  'Review  of  Scjuirrels  of  Eastern  North  America'- 
the  fox  squirrel  of  the  northeastern  United  States  is  described  as  Sciiwt^x 
ludovicianux  vicitmK  with  the  type  from  White  Sulphur  Springs,  West 
Virginia.  Gray's  Mnrro.vux  neyUctus  came  from  the  midst  of  the  range 
given  by  Mr.  Bangs  for  his  *S'.  I.  viciiiuH  and  it  follows  therefore  that  the 
fox  squirrels  from  Northern  Virginia  to  Southern  New  Vork  and  New 
England  should  be  called  Sciurus  ludorirUtnuK  neglectus  (Gray). — E.  W. 
NeUon. 

iProc.  Wash.  Acad.  Sci.,  I,  pp.  15-100.  1899. 

^Proc.  l^iol.  Soc.  Washington,  X,  150  (Dec.  28,  18!)ti). 


Vol.  XIII,  pp.  171-182  October  31,  1900 

PROCEEDINGS 

OF  THE 

BIOLOGICAL   SOCIETY   OF   WASHINGTON 


SOME  PLANTS  OF  WEST  VIRGINIA. 


BY  E.  L.  MORRIS. 


During  July  and  August,  1900,  in  company  with  Messrs. 
Hay,  Holt,  Miller,  Roller  and  Sterrett,  of  the  United  States 
Fish  Commission,  to  whose  aid  he  is  indebted  in  no  small  de- 
gree, the  writer  botanized  a  little  in  that  part  of  West  Virginia 
which  is  south  of  the  (Treenbrier,  New  and  Kanawha  Rivers 
and  east  of  a  northeast  and  southwest  line  bisecting  the  state 
lengthwise.  This  portion  of  West  Virginia  comprises  Sum- 
mers, Monroe,  Mercer,  McDowell,  Wyoming  and  Raleigh 
Counties,  given  in  the  order  of  travel.  The  nature  of  these 
counties  is  very  mountainous,  though  no  very  high  altitudes  are 
reached,  the  extremes  of  the  points  visited  being  975  feet  at 
laeger,  McDowell  County,  and  3700  feet  on  East  River  Moun- 
tain, between  Mercer  County,  West  Virginia,  and  Bland  Coun- 
ty, Virginia,  while  there  are  points  reaching  slightly  over  4100 
feet.  Though  the  larger  rivers  trend  in  a  westerly  or  north- 
westerly direction  there  are  no  definite  chains  of  inountains  in 
these  counties  extending  for  more  than  a  few  miles,  their  ranges 
being  abruptly  cut  off  by  river  tributaries  of  all  sizes.  These 
small  streams  flow  from  all  directions  through  such  short  and 
deep  valleys  that  the  whole  country  is  choppy.  The  advantage 
to  the  botanist  therefrom  is  the  abundance  of  variety  in  the  di- 

37— Biol.  Soc.  Wash.  Vol.  XIII,  liK)0.  (171) 


172  Mo rr in— Some  Plaiitfi  of   ^V('Kf    M/y/i/iio. 

rection  of  surface  exposiire,  of  springs  and  small  streams,  of 
sandstone  and  limestone  cliff  and  talus  formations,  of  vast 
forest  tracts  not  until  the  present  falling  to  the  axe,  and  of  oc- 
casional stretches,  narrow  to  be  sure,  of  bottom-land  along  the 
larger  streams.  The  great  impression  is  that  of  many  mountains 
for  the  most  part  well  timbered.  The  impression  from  minute 
characters  is  that  there  is  a  constant  supply  of  moisture.  Al- 
though the  Summer  of  1900  was  so  dry  that  many  springs  and 
streams  reputed  to  be  constant  went  dry,  the  mountains  not  yet 
deforested  were  covered  with  a  rich,  moist  liimius;  the  rocks 
were  hidden  under  mosses  and  lichens  till  the  surface  looked 
like  a  vast  tapestry;  the  fields  and  open  hillsides,  exposed  to 
the  sun,  supj)orted  everywhere  between  the  stems  and  roots  of 
higher  plants  a  filling  of  mosses  and  liverworts.  These  condi- 
tions are  traceable  to  the  nightly  enveloping  of  every  summit 
and  the  filling  of  every  valley  with  clouds. 

In  making  the  following  records  and  collections,  the  writer 
practically  was  limited  by  other  requirements  to  the  country 
immediately  adjacent  to  the  roads  traversed  from  camp  to  cam'p, 
along  a  few  of  the  streams,  and  to  only  three  summits  of  moun- 
tains. Mr.  \Vm.  R.  Maxon  of  the  National  Herbarium  has 
kindly  determined  and  described  as  new  a  subspecies  of  Poly- 
podium. 

The  object  of  publishing  this  list,  containing  forty-seven 
species  unreported  from  West  Virginia,  and  two  new  sub- 
species is  to  show  the  need  of  very  active  collecting  in  the  ex- 
treme southern  part  of  the  State  to  ap])roximately  complete  the 
knowledge  of  its  flora.* 

Thallophyta. 

Myxomycetes. 

Ceratiomyxa  fruticulosa  (Muell.)   MacR.   (Determined  by  O.  F. 
Cook.) 
Along  Delashmeet  Creek,   Mercer  County,^  altitude   2090   feet, 
July  25,  1900  {Morris,  946). 
Physakum  kufipes  (A.  &  S.)Mor^an.     (Determined  by  ().  F.  Cook.) 
Along   Tugg   Creek,   Hinton,   Summers   County,   July    10,   1900 
[Morris,  945). 


*Consult  Millspaugh  and  Nuttall,  Field  Columbian  Museum  Publica- 
tion 9.     Jtot.  Ser.  i,  2  (Flora  of  West  Virginia),  1890. 


Jforriti — >So7ne  Phoifs   of   ^Vc^t    Mrr/hihi.  1*73 

Stemonitis  Smithii  MacB.     (Determined  by  MacBride.) 
As  tlie  tirsl  {Morris,  94!)). 

Lycogala  conicum  Pars.     (Determined  by  ().  F.  Cook.) 
As  above  {Morris,  947). 

Lycoperdaceae. 

Geaster  nvGROMETRicus  Pers. 

Along  Horsepen  Creek,  McDowell  County,  July  30-August  1, 
1900  {Morris,  1105a). 

Ascomycetes. 

DiMEROSPOKIUM   COLLIXSII    (S.)    TliUm. 

On  CurpiiiUK  CciToliniana,  Kegley,  Mercer  County,  July  27,  1900 
{Morris,  1078). 

Discolichenes. 

Cladonia  sylvestris  L. 

On  the  mountain  between  Barrenshe  Creek  and  Dry  Fork, 
McDowell  County,  altitude  1700  feet,  August  (3,  \\)0Q  {Morris, 

no:!). 

Bryophyta. 

Jungermanniaceae.     (Determined  by  M.  A.  Howe.) 

Lejeunea  luceks  Tayl. 

On  dripping  limestone  along  Horsepen  Creek  between  McDowell 
County,  West  Virginia,  and  Tazewell  County,  Virginia,  alti- 
tude 18.50  feet,  July  31,  1900  [Morris,  1116b). 

Anthpceraceae. 

Anthoceros  laevis  L. 

On  dripping  limestone  along  the  Guyandot  River  below  Baileys- 
ville,   AVyoming  County,   altitude  1200  feet,   August  15,   1900 
{Morris,  1221). 
Bryaceae.     (Determined  by  Mrs.  E.  (i.  Britton.) 

DiCRANUM  Drummondii  Muell. 

On  the  mountain  between  Barienshe  Creek  and  Dry  Fork,  Mc- 
Dowell County,  altitude  1700  feet,  August  0,  1900  {Morris, 
11(55). 

Bryum  roseum  Schreb. 

Along  Horsepen  Creek,  McDowell  County,  July  31,  1900  {Mor- 
ris, 1119). 

PoGONATUM  brevicaule  Beauv. 

North  slopes  on  Road  Run,  AVyoming  County,  August  12,  1900 
{Morris,  1176). 

Rhynchostegium  rusciforme  B.  A:  S. 

See  under  Bri/um  roseum  {Morris,  1117). 


174  3Iorn's — Some  Pluiifti  of   AVest    ^^ir;/>ta'(f. 

Pteridophyta. 

Polypodiaceae. 

Polypodium  vulgare  oreophilum  Maxon,  subsp.  nov.* 

Rhizoma  slender,  extensively  creeping,  covered  thickly  with 
spreading  chatT:  stipe  5  to  8  inches  long,  greenish  to  stra- 
mineous; laminae  very  dark  green  above,  lighter  below,  7  to  11 
inches  long,  2i  to  4  inches  broad:  pinnae  distant  from  once  to 
twice  their  width,  broadest  in  the  middle  and  tapering  to  an 
acute  apex,  the  margin  doubly  crenate  or  occasionally  nearly 
entire,  the  base  broadly  decurrent,  veins  sinuous  and  promi- 
inent  in  drying,  the  veinlets  usually  forking  twice:  tip  of 
lamina  long  acuminate,  as  in  /••.  fakaium;  sori  very  large, 
often  irregularly  disposed. 

Type  in  the  U.  S.  National  Herbarium,  Smithsonian  Institution, 
collected  by  E.  L.  Morris,  No.  1215,  on  rocks,  along  the 
Guyandot  River  below  Baileysville,  Wyoming  County,  W.  Va., 
alt.  1100-1250  feet,  August  13-19,  1900.  This  fern  has  already 
been  briefly  characterizedf  by  Dr.  Millspaugh  as  Poli/j^odium 
Tulgare  forma  hiserrata  (sic).  The  name  biserratum  being  al- 
ready preoccupied  by  a  Mexican  fern:}:  it  becomes  necessary, 
in  referring  to  the  West  Virginian  plant,  to  substitute  a  new 
name.  In  addition  I  would  refer  here  Mr.  Morris'  1207  col- 
lected near  the  type  station;  also  Pollard  &  Maxon's  No.  25, 
collected  Aug.  21,  1899,  at  Quinnimont,  W.  Ya.,  which  I  have 
previously  referred!  tentatively  to  the  variety  acutum  Moore§. 
From  anitum  it  differs  in  the  narrower  and  more  spatulate 
pinnae,  and  commonly  in  the  double  crenation,  for  acutvm  is 
normally  with  entire,  or  at  most  slightly  serrulate,  pinnae. 
Mr.  Morris  states  that  typical  rulgnre  was  common  in  the  gen- 
eral region;  from  this  it  differs  in  its  much  greater  size,  its 
scantier  foliage,  and  in  the  shape  of  the  pinnae.  There  are 
in  the  National  Herbarium  at  least  two  specimens,  collected 
in  West  Virginia  and  North  Carolina,  which  with  plants  col- 
lected at  Great  Falls,  Fairfax  County,  Va.,  by  William  Palmer, 
are  to  be  regarded  as  intermediate  with  typical  rulgare.  Be- 
cause of  these  it  does  not  seem  best  to  regard  oreophilum  as 
entitled  to  specific  rank. 

Selaginellaceae. 

Selaginella  apus  (L.)  Spring. 

In  a  luxuriant  mass  among  the  grass  and  shrubs  along  the  edge 

*Published  by  permission  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Smithsonian  Institu- 
tion. 
fBuU.  24,  W.  Va.  Exp.  Sta.,  p.  479.     1892. 

XPohipodinm  Imcrratnm  M.  &  G.  Mem.  Foug.  Mex.  p.  38.     1842, 
IIFern  Bull.  8:  .58.     1900. 
i^Moore,  Nat.  Pr.  Brit.  Ferns,  i:  (53,  pi.  II,  fig.  a.     1859, 


Morris — /Some  Plants  <>/'   TI7.s'/    M'ri/i/n'i/.  175 

of  an  island  in  the  Bluestone  River,  opposite  Delashmeet 
Creelv  Mercer  County,  altitude  2080  feet,  July  37,  1900  {Mor- 
ris, 1001). 

i» 

Spermatophyta. 

Pinaceae. 

Tfoiffii   Canadensis  (L.)  Carr. 

This  species  with  Fagus  Americana,  Quercus  nigra  and  Quercus 
alba  form  the  body  of  the  mountain  forests. 

Naiadaceae. 

POTAMOGETON  PECTiNATus  L.     (Determined  by  F.  V.  Coville.) 

Forming-  large  masses  on  the  bars  of  the  Greenbrier  River  at 
Talcott,  Summers  County,  altitude  1490  feet,  August  24,  1900 
{Morris,  1342). 

Vallisneriaceae. 

Vallisneria  spikalis  L. 

Among  the  pondweeds  in  the  Greenbrier  River  at  Talcott,  Sum- 
mers County,  altitude  1490  feet,  August  24,  1900  {Morris, 
1341). 

Gramineae.     (Determined  by  Messrs.  Ball  and  Merrill.) 

Paspalum  laeve  pilosum  Scribn. 

Along  Horse  and  Hound  Creeks,  near  Baileysville,  Wyoming 
County,  altitude  1100-1200  feet,  August  20,  IdOO  {Morris,  1284). 

Panicum  elongatum  Pursh. 

At  the  edge  of  thickets  along  Horse  and  Hound  Creeks,  near 
Baileysville,  Wyoming  County,  altitude  1100-1200  feet,  August 
20,  1900  {Morris,  1277). 

Panicum  commutatum  Schult. 

In  a  woodland  near  Bargers  Spring,  Summers  County,  altitude 
1500  feet,  July  13,  1900  {Morris,  977). 

Panicum  polyanthes  Schult. 

Shaded  banks  of  the  Guyandot  River  below  Baileysville,  Wy- 
oming County,  altitude  1100  feet,  August  13.  1900  {Morris, 
1186). 

Panicum  nitidum  Lam. 

Along  the  edge  of  a  meadow  at  Bargers  Spring,  Summers  Coun- 
ty, altitude  1500  feet,  July  13,  1900  {Morris,  984). 

Panicum  barbulatum  Michx. 

Along  Dry  Fork  above  Perry\ille,  McDowell  County,  altitude 
1200-1300  feet,  August  4,  1900  (Morris,  1139);  along  the  Guy- 
andot River  below  Baileysville,  Wyoming  County,  altitude 
1100  feet,  August  13,  1900  {Morris,  1193). 

Agrostis  canina  L. 

On   shaded   banks  of  the   Guyandot   River  below  Baileysville, 


17t)  Jlorn's — /Sotnc  Pluiits  of    West    Vir(j!nl((. 

Wyoming  County,  allitude  1100  feet,  August  13,  1900  (Morr/.s, 
1197). 

Agrostis  captli.akis  Ti. 

As  the  preceding  (1197a). 

Cyperaceae. 

Cyperus  retkofractus  (L.)  Torr. 

Along  the  Uuyandot  River  below  Baileysville,  A Vyoming  County, 
altitude  1100  feet,  August  18,  1900  {Morn.%  VI'Mva). 

Cyperus  filicui.mis  Vahl. 

As  the  preceding,  August  19.  1900  {Morris.  1267). 
Carex  utriculata  Boott. 

In  a  meadow  at  Bargers  Spring,  Summers  County,  altitude  1500 
feet,  July  13,  1900  [Morris,  995). 

Melanthaceae. 

Uvularia  grandiflora  J.  E.  Smith. 

On  a  north  slope  in  rich  woods  along  Horsepen  Creek  between 
McDowell  County,  West  Virginia,  and  Tazewell  County,  Vir- 
ginia, altitude  1900  feet,  July  31,  1900  {Morris,  1110). 

Betulaceae. 

Betula  nigra  L. 

A  tree  14^  2^'^  in  circumference  was  measured  near  Bargers 
Spring,  Summers  County. 

Fagaceae. 

Fagus  Americana  Sweet. 

(See  under  Tsuga  Canadensis.) 
Castanea  pumil((  (L.)  Mill. 

A  remarkably  spreading  and  symmetrical  individual  was  ob- 
served in  a  pasture  at  Bargers  Spring,  Summers  County. 
Quercus  nigra  Tj. 

(See  under  Txugu  ('mutdcnsis.) 

Quemts  alba  L. 

(See  under  Tnuga  ('((uadenxix.) 

Aristolochiaceae. 

AsARUM  SnuTTLEWoKTini  Ihitten  it  Baker  f.     (Determined  by  C.  L. 
Pollard.) 
In  oak  and  beech  woods  near  Bargers  Spring,  Summers  County, 
altitude  15.50  feet,  July  13,  1900  {Morris,  980). 

Polygonaceae. 

PojAGONUM  CRisTATUM  Engelm.  &  Gray. 

Along  the  Cnyandot  River  below  Baileysville,  AVyoming  County 
altitude  11(IO-12.")0  feet,  August  19,  1900  (Morris,  1255). 


3I()rris — Some  Plaiifx  of   Wtst    Mryhiln.  177 

Caryophyllaceae. 

Silene  Virginica  L. 

Growing  on  a  low  roadside  banl<,  fully  exposed  to  the  sun,  but 
well  supplied  with  root  moisture. 

Anyrhia  dirhotoma  Michx. 

Millspaugh  &  Nuttall  say  "This  species  first  appeared  at  this 
locality  in  ISO.i,  at  the  bottom  of  a  newly  excavated  railroad 
cut.  Had  the  seeds  been  buried  and  dormant?"  I  should 
say,  no.  This  species  was  common  with  and  nearly  as  abun- 
dant as  the  next  throughout  the  above  mentioned  counties. 
It  is  probable  that  the  newly  excavated  cut  proved,  perhaps 
unusually,  suitable  for  the  germination  of  scattering  seeds. 

Anychia  Canadensis  (L.)  B.  S.  P. 
Magnoliaceae. 

Mac/nolia  tripetaht  L. 

This  and  the  next  species  form  a  very  conspicuous  part  of  the 
forests  along  Dry  Fork  and  Crane  Creek  in  McDowell  County, 
and  along  the  Guyandot  River  in  Wyoming  County.  A  great 
many  young  trees  are  now  filling  the  places  made  vacant  by 
the  catling  of  a  few  selected  trees  of  other  species.  It  is  no- 
ticeable that  until  these  trees  reach  the  age  of  fiowering  and 
thereafter  there  is  none  of  the  characteristic  umbrella-like 
clustering  of  the  leaves  on  the  axis  of  the  season  but  they  are 
strongly  alternate  and  distant.  This  character  confuses  the 
species  with  Magnolia  acuminata  in  the  young  large-leaved 
stage,  unless  the  smoothness  or  pubescence  of  the  leaf-buds 
be  noted. 

Podostemaceae. 

PoDOSTEMON  Ceratophyllum  Michx. 

Three  well  marked  stages,  (a;  an  entirely  sessile  growth  on  new 
surfaces,  (b)  matted  growth  of  previous  seasons  on  old  sur- 
faces, with  stems  an  inch  or  two  high,  (c)  very  old  masses  with 
stems  from  five  to  eight  inches  high  or  as  long  where  the  cur- 
rent prevented  an  erect  habit;  in  the  Guyandot  River  below 
Baileysville,  Wyoming  County,  altitude  1100  feet,  August  15, 
1900  {Morris,  1210). 

Crassulaceae. 

Penthorum  sedoides  L. 

Very  luxuriant  specimens  three  feet  and  more  high  were  noted 
in  the  delta  of  a  spring  under  limestone  cliffs  below  Baileys- 
ville, Wyoming  County. 

Rosaceae. 

Spiraea  salicifolia  L. 

Forming  a  hedge  along  a  woodland  swamp  between  Harvey  and 
Trap  Hill,  Raleigh  County. 


178  Morris — Some  Plants  <>f    West    Virgi/iia. 

Geum  flavum  (Porter)  Hicknell. 

Along  Madam  Creek  opposite  Hinton,  Summers  County,  alti- 
tude 1500  I'eet,  July  9,  1900  {Morris,  9(55);  along  the  Guyandot 
River  below  Baileysville,  Wyoming  County,  altitude  1250  feet, 
August  15,  1900  {Morris,  1218). 

Agkimonia  hirsuta  (Muhl.)  Bicknell. 

In  a  thicket  about  a  spring  nearKegley,  Mercer  County,  altitude 
2100  feet,  July  21,  1900  {Morris,  1042). 

Drupaceae. 

Amygdalus  Persica  Ij. 

Several  trees  were  growing  in  the  woods  along  Dr_y  Fork  above 
Peeryville,  McDowell  County,  altitude  VMO  feet,  August  4, 
1900  {Morris,  1130). 

Papilionaceae. 

Meibomia  pauciflora  (Nutt.)  Kuntze. 

In  woods  along  Tjaurel  Branch  east  of  Oceana,  Wyoming  Coun- 
ty, altitude  2000  feet,  August  22,  1900  {Morris,  1291). 

Meibomia  Dillenii  (Darl.)  Kuntze. 

Locally  a  very  troublesome  weed  in  fields. 

Hippocastanaceae. 

^sculus  odandrd  Marsh. 

An  immense  tree  of  this  species,  measuring  twenty  feet  in  cir- 
cumference at  the  ground,  twelve  feet  at  the  height  of  one's 
shoulder,  and  nearly  if  not  quite  one  hundred  feet  high,  stood 
by  the  bank  of  Dry  Fork  above  Peeryville,  McDowell  County. 

Violaceae.     (Determined  by  C.  L.  Pollard.) 

Viola  affinis  LeConte. 

About  a  spring  near  Kegley,  Mercer  County,  altitude  2090  feet, 
July  21,  1900  {Morris,  1046). 

Viola  papilionacea  Pursh. 

On  Great  Bend  Tunnel  Mountain,  Summers  County,  altitude 
1700  feet,  July  14,  1900  {Morris,  1023);  along  Horsepen  Creek, 
McDowell  County,  altitude  1900  feet,  July  30,  1900  {Morris, 
1104). 

Viola  alsophila  Greene. 

As  the  last  number  {Mor?-is,  1101);  ditto,  altitude  1850  feet, 
{Morris,  1109). 

Umbelliferae. 

Sanicula  tkifoliata  Bicknell. 

Along  Madam  Creek  ojiposite  Hinton,  Summers  County,  alti- 
tude 1500  feet,  July  9,  1900  {Morris,  9(51). 

Cuscutaceae. 

CuscuTA  arvensis  Bey  rich. 

On  Aiitliro.sia  (irtfvrisidcfoliK  in  \er\'  drv  grounds  below  P>ailevs- 


3I(jrris — /Some  Phuifx  of   West    VirfjhiUi.  179 

ville,    Wyoming-  County,    altitude   1150   feet,    August   13-19, 
1900  {Morris,  1203a). 

Boraginaceae. 

Myosotis  lax  a  Lehm. 

About  a  spring  near  Kegley,  Mercer  County,  altitude  2090  feet, 
July  21,  1900  {Morris,  1041). 

Labiatae. 

Blephilia  ciliata  (L,)  Raf. 

On  dry  banks  at  Bargers  Spring,  Summers  County,  altitude  1500 
feet,  .Tilly  13.  1900  {Morrix,  999):  thickets  near  Kegley,  Mercer 
County,  altitude  2100  feet,  July  27,  1900  {Morris,  1067). 

Solanaceae. 

Solanum  CaroUnense  L. 

This  species  aiid  Verbesimt  ocrideiitalis  were  the  commonest 
weeds  throughout  the  range. 

Plantaginaceae. 

Plant  ago  akistata  Michx. 

Previously  reported  only  by  State  in  Bull.  Torr.  Bot.  Club,  27: 

108. 
Dry  meadows  near  Bargers  Spring,  Summers  County,  altitude 

1.500  feet,  July  13,  1900  {Morris,  983). 

Campanulaceae. 

Ca77ipanuln  divaricata  Michx. 

Millspaugh  &  Nuttall  mention  "the  rare  Campanula  divaricata 
Mx."  among  the  bell-worts  or  bellflowers.  If  the  southern 
counties  are  to  be  taken  into  consideration  in  rating  the  oc- 
currence of  species  in  the  State,  then  this  species  can  not  be 
accounted  "rare"  for  the  more  rocky  hillsides  throughout  are 
heavily  blue-dotted  in  the  Summer  with  its  delicate  panicles. 

Compositae. 

Vernonia  gigantea  pubescens  subsp.  nov. 

In  gross  characters  like  the  species.  Reaching  10°  or  over, 
more  or  less  pubescent.  Leaves  thin,  lanceolate,  acuminate, 
the  upper  finely,  the  lower  sharjily  doubly  serrate,  3'-12^  long, 
\'-2Y  wide,  finely  pubescent  below,  somewhat  so  above;  in- 
florescence open,  its  branches  rather  erect,  the  peduncles 
bracteate  for  2''-5"  below  the  heads;  the  heads  long-peduncled 
or  the  centre  ones  nearly  sessile;  the  bracts  greenish  purple, 
acute  to  short-acuminate,  ciliate,  erect;  corollas  light  to  dark 
pink,  not  purple;  otherwise  as  in  the  species. 

Collected  among  plants  of  the  species  along  Hound  Creek,  be- 
low Baileysville,   Wyoming  County,   altitude  1100-1200  feet, 
August  20,  1900  {Morris,  1274).     Type  specimen  is  deposited 
^  in  the  U.  S.  National  Herbarium, 


180  3royi-is — Some  Phaits  <>/   West    Vinj! 


IIKI . 


Eupntoriinn  pnrpiircum  L. 

Xumerous  specimens  were  measured  which  were  over  twelve 
I'eet  high. 

Sekicocakpus  linifolius  (L.)  li.  S.  P. 

On  dry  shaded  banks  along  the  road  above  Hinton,  Summers 
County,  altitude  1400  feet,  July  7,  1900  {Morris.  950). 

Aster  Claytoni  Burgess. 

Along  rocky  banks  east  of  Oceana,  Wyoming  County,  altitude 
1300  feet,  xVugust  22,  1900  {Morri.s,  1294a). 

Aster  sagittifolius  Willd. 

On  dry  banks  between  Piney,  Kaleigh  County,  and  Jumping 
Branch,  Summers  County,  altitude  2200-8100  feet,  August  24, 
1900  (Morris,  1338). 

GiFOLA  Gekmanica  (L.)  Dumort. 

Along  the  road  north  of  Athens,  Mercer  Cbunty.  altitude  2500 
feet,  July  18,  1900  {Morris,  1034). 

In  preparing  this  paper  the  arrangement  of  the  Myxoniycetes 
is  according  to  McBride;  the  remaining  Thallophytes  according 
to  Engler  &  Prantl;  the  hepatic  Bryophytes  according  to  Mills- 
pangh  &  Nnttall;  the  true  mosses  according  to  Lesqiiereux  & 
James;  the  Pteridophytes  and  H})ermatophytes  according  to 
Britton  &  Brown. 

Strong  heliotropic  movements  were  observed  almost  daily  in 
various  si)ecies  of  Oxalis,  in  Cercis  Canadensis,  Trofoliurtx  du- 
hium  (V),  Yitis  cordifolia,  liobinia  Jrisjrida  (?),  and  questiona- 
bly in  Impatiens  aurea.  These  species  are  quoted  in  the  older 
of  those  with  the  greatest  movement  to  those  with  the  least. 


Professor  C.  F.  Millspaugh  has  requested  that  the  following- 
additions  be  published  in  this  })aper,  so  that  the  report  of  species 
new  to  West  Virginia  may  be  as  com})lete  as  possible.  It  is  a 
pleasure  to  so  publish  his  list. 

Fungi. 

PeKICUAENA   KLAVinA   Pk. 

On  bark  of  dead  Mfujiiolui  Fruxcri,  ]S"ut  tall  burg. — L.  W.  Nuttall. 
Zygodesmus  tiliaoeus  E.  &  E. 

On  bark  of  deiul  M<i(/!iolii(  Fraxeri,  Nutlallburg. — L.  AV.  Nullall. 
Cladosi'ouh'm  couvNiTiMcnuM  E.  &  E. 

On  leaves  of  Muf/uolia  Frd.seri,  Nuttallburg.— L.  W.  Nuttall. 


S)    Jiijn-ifi — fSmne  Phmts  of   West    Virytiini.  Isl 

Clasterisporium  siomoidetim,  E.  &  E. 
Bull.  Torr.  Club,  26:472.     1897. 

Helminthosporium  pusiporme  (!orda. 

On  old  barrel  staves,  Nuttallbur.u-. — L.  W.  Null  all. 

FuSARIUSr   ALEURINUM   E.    efe   E. 

Bull.  Torr.  Club,  24:470.     1897. 

FUSARIUM   OXYDENDRI   E.    &   E. 

Ibid  page  477. 
Phtllostiota  althaeina  Sacc. 

On  Abutilon  Amcennae,  Nuttallburg. — L.  W.  Nuttall. 

FUSICOCCUM   NEKVirOLTTM   E.    &   E. 

Bull.  Torr.  Club,  25:609.     1898. 
Cytlspora  tumulosa  E.  &.  E. 

Bull.  Ton-.  Club,  24:288.     1897. 

Cytisporella  carnea   E.  &  E. 
Ibid  page  287. 

DlPLODFA    PARAPHYSATA    E.    it    E. 

Ibid  page  288. 

Aecidium  Ilicinum  E.  &  E. 
Ibid  page  284. 

Sphaerella  inpuscans  E.  &  E. 
Bull.  Torr.  Club.  25:504.     1898. 

Filices. 

ASPLENIIIM  FILIX-FOEMINA  PECTIN atum  Wall. 
Falls  of  the  Blackwater.— C.  F.  Millspaugh. 


Phanerogamia. 

LoLitJM  Italicum  a.  Br. 

Common  on  lawns  in  Fairmont,  1898. — A.  Bovitlou. 
Ornithogalitm  nutans  L. 

In  a  ravine  above  the  glass  factory  north  of  Morgantown. — A.  Bout- 
lou. 

POTENTILLA   RECTA   L. 

"I  find  this  plant  growing  in  abundance  in  a  meadow  near  South 
Fairmont." — A.  Boutlou. 

Agrimonia  Brittoniana  Bick. 

Bull.  Torr.  Club,  23:.ir7.     1896. 

R0SA,SETIGERA   Michx. 

A  common  escape  about  Fairmont. — A.  Boutlou. 
Cr.\taegus  Brownii  Britt. 

Bull.  N.  Y.  Bot.  Card.,  I:447.     1900. 


182  Moms — Some  Planti<  <>f    IIV-sY    \'lr<j!ii!<i.    r' 

Kneiffia  longipedicellata  Small. 
Bull.  Tor.  Club,  23:178.     1896. 

Vaccinium  Constablaei  Gray. 

Upshur  Co.— W.  N.  Pollock. 
Sabbatia  corymbosa  Baldw. 

Found  at  West  Fairmont. — A.  Boutlou. 

Ampelanus  albidus  (Nutt.)  Britton. 

An  abundant  weed  about  Charleston. — A.  Itoutlou. 

Phlox  Bkittonii  Small. 

Bull,  Torr.  Club,  27:279.     1900. 

Meehania  cordata  (Nutt.)  Britton. 
Upshur  Co.— W.  N.  Pollock. 

Plantago  aristata  Michx. 

Plentiful  near  Farmington. — A.  Boutlou.  (Mr.  Boutlou's  specimens 
are  those  referred  to  in  the  citation  under  P.  arwtata  above.  [E. 
L.  M.]) 

Vernonia  maxima  Small. 

Bull.  Torr.  Club,  27:280.     1900. 

Soltdago  neglecta  T.  »k  G, 
Upshur  Co.— W.  N.  Pollock. 

Aster  Novae-Angliae  L. 

Near  Palatine,  and  near  Fairmont. — A.  I'outlou. 

Antennaria  propinqua  Greene. 
Pittonia,  4:83.     1899. 

BiDENS   MELANOCARPA   Wieg. 

Bull.  Torr.  Club,  26:407.     1899. 


Department  of  Biology,  W((sJdngton  Iliyh  Scliooh. 


Vol.  XIII,  pp.  183-184  November  30.  1900 

PROCEEDINGS 


OF  THE 


BIOLOGICAL    SOCIETY    OF    WASHINGTON 


GENERAL  NOTES. 


New  name  for  a  North  American  Squirrel. 

In  1894  I  described  a  subspecies  of  Abert's  squirrel  under  the  name  of 
Sciiiruii  (iberti  ctnicolor*  My  attention  has  recently  been  called  to  the 
fact  that  an  Asiatic  squirrel  was  ^iven  the  specific  name  concolor  by 
Hlyth  in  1855.  f  In  order  to  prevent  confusion  I  would  propose  that  the 
sub-specific  name  of  the  American  animal  be  chan^red  to f err euK. — F.  W. 
True. 


The  proper  name  of  the  Viscacha. 

In  1897  Dr.  T.  S.  Palmer  [Science,  N.  S.,  VI,  No.  131,  pp.  21,  22,  July 
2,  1897)  called  attention  to  the  fact  that  the  then  current  generic  name 
of  the  Viscacha,  Lagostomus  Brookes  (1828)  was  antedated  by  Vizcacia 
Schinz  {circa  1825),  and  that  the  specific  name  tnchodactylui^  Brookes 
(1828)  was  antedated  by  maximus  {Dipus  maximus  Desmarest,  ex  Blain- 
ville,  Ms.,  1817,)  and  therefore  claimed  that  the  proper  name  of  the 
Viscacha  was  ''Vizcacia  maxima  [Blainville) .' '  Recently  Mr.  James  A. 
G.  Rehn  (Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  XIII,  p.  166,  Oct.  31,  1900)  states  that 
the  specific  name  maxima  is  antedated  by  Lepus  viscaccica  Brandis  (Ver- 
H 

*Proc.  IT.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  17,  1894,  No.  999,  pp.  (advance  sheet  is.sued 
April  20,  1894). 

f Jour.  Asiatic  Soc.  Bengal,  new  series,  24,  No.  5,  185.5,  p.  474.  foot- 
note. 

38— Bior..  Soc.  Wash.  Vol.  XIII,  litOO.  (183) 


184  General  Notes. 

such  einer  Naturgeschichte  von  Chili,  1786,  p.  272),  overlooking  the  fact 
that  this  latter  name  originated  with  Molina,  it  appearing  in  the  first 
(1782)  edition  of  his  'Saggio  sulla  Storia  Naturale  del  Chili,"  p.  342,  as 
Lepus  viscacia.  The  name  of  the  Viscacha  should  therefore  be  Vizcaeia 
viscacia  (Molina).  The  authority  for  the  specific  name  is  hence  Molina 
and  not  Brandis,  and  the  name  itself  takes  the  form  mscan'a  instead  of 
viscaccica. — J.  A.  Allen. 


A    new    Helianthus    from    Florida.* 
Helianthus  agrestis  Pollard,  n.  sp. 

Annual,  rather  freely  branching,  about  one  meter  in  height;  stem 
many-striate  or  even  sulcate,  for  the  most  part  quite  glabrous:  pedun- 
cles slender,  1-fiowered,  hoary-pubescent  near  the  heads,  the  pubescence 
gradually  thinning  below  to  a  few  scattered  hairs;  lower  cauline  leaves 
lanceolate,  acuminate,  1.5  dm.  long,  tapering  below  to  a  short  margined 
petiole,  the  margins  remotely  denticulate,  hispid  with  short  bristly 
hairs;  blade  with  a  prominent  central  nerve  and  two  laterals  springing 
from  some  distance  above  the  base,  both  surfaces  glabrous  except  along 
the  primary  nerve  beneath:  heads  5  to  (i  cm.  in  diameter,  the  rays  about 
10  to  12,  bright  orange-yellow;  involucral  bracts  lanceolate,  attenuate, 
slightly  scabrous,  the  margins  sparsely  ciliate:  achenes  narrowly  oblong. 

Type  in  the  United  States  National  Herbarium,  Smithsonian  Institu- 
tion, (sheets  Nos.  370175  and  37017G)  collected  on  shelly  land  between 
Lake  Reresford  and  the  St.  Johns  River,  Volusia  County,  Florida,  July 
12,  1900,  by  A.  H.  Ciirtiss,  The  collector  observes  that  the  plant  is  ten- 
der and  rather  succulent,  an  unusual  character  among  the  species  of 
Helianthus. 

The  new  species  had  been  previously  collected  by  A.  P.  Garber  in 
Levy  and  Manatee  Counties  in  1877.  Mr.  Merritt  L.  Fernald,  of  the 
Gray  Herbarium,  who  had  independently  reached  the  conclusion  that 
the  plant  was  undescribed,  courteously  placed  at  my  disposal  the  notes 
he  had  prepared,  from  which  I  cpiote  the  following:  "Mr.  Garber's 
plant  was  included  by  Dr.  Gray  in  his  II.  Florida nui^,  but  it  is  very  dis- 
tinct from  that  perennial  species,  which  must  rest  upon  Palmer's  plant 
No.  283  of  the  1874  collection,  first  cited  by  Dr.  Gray.— a  plant  well 
matched  by  other  specimens  from  Chapman  and  Curtiss,  No.  1437." — 
Charles  Laim  Pollard. 

*Published  by  permission  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Smithsonian  Institu- 
tion. 


Vol.  XIII,  pp.  185-186  December  21.  1900 

PROCEEDINGS 


OF   THE 


BIOLOGICAL    SOCIETY    OF    WASHINGTON 


A  NKW  MOUSE  DEER  FROM  LOWER  SIAM.* 


V,Y  TiERRIT  S.  MILLER,  Jk. 


The  large  Traf/u/ifs  of  the  n<fj)>/  type  inhabiting  Trong,  Lower 
Siani,  differs  notably  from  the  Sumatran  animal  as  described  by 
F.  Ciivier  and  as  represented  by  a  specimen  from  Linga  Island, 
off  the  east  coast  of  Sumatra.  As  none  of  the  names  based  on 
continental  specimens  a]»pear  to  be  ajtplicable  to  it,  the  species 
may  be  known  as: 

Trag'ulus  canescens  sp.    nov. 

Ti/pr. —AauU  female  (skin  and  skull)  Xo.  83,009,  United  States  Xa- 
tidiial  .Aluseum.  Collected  in  Trong',  Lower  Siam,  September  7,  1890  by 
Dr.  \y.  L.  Abbott. 

('Jtdvdcteri^. — Larger  than  Trngulus  napv  and  much  paler,  less  yellow 
in  color;  chest  and  belly  entirely  white,  or  at  most  the  former  very 
faintly  shaded  with  gray  along  median  line;  sides  clear  gray;  dark  nape 
band  obsolete. 

('(dor. — Back  orange-buff  heavily  clouded  with  blackish  brown,  but 
latter  color  never  in  excess  of  former.  On  sides  the  orange-buff  fades 
abruptly  through  cream-bviff  to  nearly  white,  producing  with  the  black- 
ish tips  of  the  hairs  a  clear  gray,  faintly  yellowish,  strongly  contrasted 
with  color  of  back.  Flanks  more  tinged  with  buff  than  sides.  Harsh 
fur  of  shoulders,  neck  and  nape  irregularly  and  coarsely  grizzled  with 

*Published  here  by  permission  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Smithsonian 
Institution. 

39— Biol.  Soc.  Wash.  Vol.  XIII,  1900.  (185) 


180  Miller — A  New  Moui<e  Deer  J'roii)   Loirer  Si'im. 

cream-bufF  and  blackish  brown,  tho  latter  slightly  in  excess  on  nape, 
but  not  forming  a  distinct  median  stripe.  Upper  surface  of  head  and 
face  essentially  lilve  back.  A  faint,  diffuse,  pale  streak  over  and  in  front 
of  eye.  Sides  of  neck  slightly  paler  than  nape.  Throat  with  the  usual 
dark  and  wliite  bands,  all  of  which  are  of  approximately  equal  breadth. 
The  dark  bands  are  darker  than  the  neck,  but  not  conspicuously  so. 
They  are  coarsely  grizzled  with  buff'  and  blackish  brown,  the  latter 
color  in  excess.  Collar  like  sides,  therefore  paler  than  longitudinal 
throat  bands.  Chest,  belly  and  inner  side  of  legs  white,  the  chest  faintly 
shaded  with  gray  along  median  line.  Outer  surface  of  legs  clear  orange- 
bufT,  somewhat  brighter  than  that  of  back.  Tail  white  beneath,  orange- 
buft'  faintly  clouded  with  blackish  brown  above. 

Skull  and  teeth. — In  size  and  general  form  the  skull  of  TraguluK  canes- 
rens  closely  resembles  that  of  T.  nnpii.  It  is  at  once  distinguishable, 
however,  by  the  larger  audital  bnllfe  and  much  larger  teeth.  When  the 
skulls  are  viewed  from  behind,  held  so  that  the  tips  of  the  premaxil- 
laries  fall  in  line  with  the  anterior  rim  of  the  foramen  magnum  the  visi- 
ble surface  of  each  audital  bulla  is  reduced  in  Tragiilux  napu  to  a  mere 
rim  much  less  extensive  than  that  of  the  occipital  condyle,  while  in  T. 
ranesccnit  x\\('  bulla  appears  considerably  larger  than  the  condyle.  The 
actual  difference  in  size  is  about  as  follows:  Tragvlus  naj^v ;  greatest 
length  of  bulla,  23:  greatest  width,  12.4:  TragriluH  canescens;  greatest 
length  of  bulla,  25:  greatest  width,  14.  Though  not  different  in  form, 
the  teeth  of  Traguhni  cnnescenx  are  uniformly  larger  than  those  of  T. 
ridj}!/,  so  that  each  toothrow  is  about  5  mm.  longer. 

Medsurements. — External  measurements  of  type:  total  length.  648; 
head  and  body,  559  (553*);  tail  vertebrae,  89;  hind  foot,  152  (120):  hind 
foot  without  hoof,  136  (105);  ear  from  meatus,  37  (34):  ear  from  crown, 
35  (30):  width  of  ear,  21  (22). 

Ci-anial  measurements  of  type:  greatest  length  115(114*):  basal  length, 
110  (lOG);  basilar  length,  103  (99):  occipito-nasal  length,  104(104):  length 
of  nasals,  36.4  (34):  diastema,  14  (15);  zygomatic  breadth,  50  (48):  least 
interorbital  breadth,  31  (30):  mandible,  90  (90);  maxillary  toothrow 
(alveoli),  40  (34);  mandibular  toothrow  (alveoli),  46  (39.6). 

Weight. — Weight  of  type,  5.33  kg.  Weight  of  a  second  specimen 
(adult  female),  5  kg. 

Specimens  ex-amined. — Three,  all  from  the  type4ocality. 

*Measurements  in  parenthesis  are  those  of  an  adult  female  Tniguluf^ 
napu  from  Linga  Island. 


Vol.  XIII,  pp.  187-193  December  21.  1900 

PROCEEDINGS 

OF  THE 

BIOLOGICAL    SOCIETY    OF    WASHINGTON 


MAMMALS    COLLECTED    BY   DR.    W.  L.  ABBOTT 

•  ON    PULO    LANKAWI    AND    THE  ; 

BUTANG  ISLANDS.*  ' 


BY  GERRIT  S.  MILLER.  Jr. 


The  first  half  of  December,  1899  Dr.  W.  L.  Abbott  spent  in 
exploring  Pulo  Lankawi  and  the  Butang  Islands.  Pulo  Lan- 
kawi,  or  as  it  stands  on  some  maps,  Langkawi,  or  Lancava,  and 
the  Biitang  or  Buton  Islands  are  situated  near  the  west  coast  of 
the  Malay  Peninsula  at  the  northern  extremity  of  the  Straits  of 
Malacca,  about  75  miles  north  of  Penang.  Lankawi  is  separated 
from  the  mainland  by  ten  miles  or  more  of  water,  the  Butangs 
by  a  space  about  double  as  great.  The  distance  from  the 
western  end  of  Lankawi  to  the  Butang  group  is  about  fifteen 
miles  in  a  northwesterly  dii'ection,  The  collection  of  mam- 
mals, numbering  about  eighty  specimens,  all  of  which  have 
been  presented  to  the  United  States  National  Museum,  repre- 
sents thirteen  species,  of  which  all  are  closely  related  to  those 
of  the  adjacent  mainland. 

*Published  here  by  permission  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Smithsonian  In- 
stitution. 

40— BIOL.  Soc.  Wash.  Vol.  XIII,  1900.  (187) 


188      Miller — Mammah  fnim  TAvnlxdvi  and  Bvtavc/  J.shinds. 


Mus  vociferans  lancavensis  subsp.   nov. 

7Vi^f.— Adult  female  (skin  and  skull).  No.  104,173  United  States  Na- 
tional Museum.  Collected  on  Pulo  Lankawi,  December  (5,  1891).  Origi- 
nal numl)er  122. 

Chdracterx. — Not  as  large  as  Mus  rnriferanx  voriferans  from  Trong, 
Lower  Siam;  color  more  conspicuously  ochraceous;  tail  with  less  brown 
on  dorsal  surface;  skull  with  median  portion  of  parietals  more  elevated 
above  general  outline  of  braincase. 

Color. — The  color  so  closely  resembles  that  of  true  3/?/.v  roriftra?)^  that 
no  detailed  description  is  necessary.  When  series  of  specimens  are  com- 
pared, however,  it  is  at  once  seen  that  those  from  Pulo  Lankawi  are  dis- 
tinctly more  yellow  than  those  from  the  type  locality  of  the  species. 
The  difference  is  due  in  part  to  a  slight  reduction  in  the  number  of  dark 
hairs  on  the  back  in  the  insular  animal,  but  to  a  certain  extent  also  to  a 
change  in  the  ochraceous  ground  color.  The  latter,  particularly  on  the 
cheeks,  flanks,  and  outer  side  of  thighs,  is  visibly  though  faintly  more 
yellow  than  in  the  Trong  specimens.  Underparts  cream-bufl".  Tail 
whitish  above  and  below  distally,  bicolor  at  base.  The  brown  dorsal 
area  scarcely  reaches  middle  of  tail,  while  in  true  Mvs  vociferous  it  ex- 
tends beyond  middle  and  often  nearly  to  tip. 

Skull  (i)i(l  fcef/i. — In  size  and  general  form  the  skull  agrees  with  that 
of  J/w.y  vociferans  vociferans,  but  when  viewed  from  the  side  a  slight 
though  very  constant  difference  in  the  form  of  the  braincase  becomes 
apparent.  In  both  animals  the  middle  portion  of  the  parietals  is  con- 
vex, rising  as  a  distinct  though  low  prominence  above  the  level  of  the  in- 
terparietal and  that  of  the  frontals.  This  convexity  is  so  exaggerated  in 
Mus  vociferans  lancavensis  that  skulls  are  easily  recognized  either  by 
sight  or  touch. 

Teeth  similar  to  those  of  true  Mus  vociferans. 

Measurements. — External  measurements  of  type:  total  length,  520; 
head  and  body,  20J)*;  tail  vertebrae,  311*;  hind  foot,  45;  hind  foot  with- 
out claws,  42.  Average  of  five  specimens,  inclviding  the  type:  total 
length,  543  (520-559);  head  and  body,  222  (209-229);  tail  vertebrte,  321 
(311-330);  hind  foot,  4G  (4.5-47);  hind  foot  without  claws,  43  (42-44). 

Specimens  examined. — Five  skins  and  nine  skulls,  all  from  the  type  lo- 
cality. 

Remark's. — While  this  insular  race  is  distinguished  from  true  Mus  vo- 
ciferans by  no  one  constant  character  the  sum  of  its  peculiarities  are 
enough  to  make  it  readily  distinguishable.  The  slight  diff'erence  in  size 
is  chiefly  due  to  the  shorter  tail  of  the  insular  form.f 

*Collector's  measurement. 

fin  seven  topotypes  of  Mus  vociferans  the  tail  averages  842  mm.,  with 
extremes  of  323  mm.  and  380  mm. 


Miller — Mammals  from.  Lankawi  and  Butang  Islands.      189 

Mus  surifer  flavidulus  subsp.   nov. 

Ti/pf. ~Adn\t  female  (skin  and  skull).  No.  104,330  United  States  Na- 
tional Museum.  Collected  on  Pulo  Lankawi,  December  4,  1899.  Origi- 
nal number  109. 

Olntritcters. — Smaller  than  Mus:  siirifcr  surifer  from  Trong,  Lower  Siam; 
tail  usually  a  little  shorter  than  head  and  body;  ground  color  of  sides 
and  upper  parts  yellower  (less  tawney)  than  in  the  mainland  form,  and 
dark  shading  less  conspicuous;  belly  cream-buff  in.stead  of  white:  skull 
.sinaller  than  that  of  the  typical  race,  the  braincase  smaller  and  less 
ridged. 

Color. — The  color  is  as  in  true  Musi  surifer  except  that  throughout  the 
pelage  there  is  a  stronger  tendency  to  yellowish  tints.  Ground  color 
of  sides  and  back  light  orange-buff,  rarely  as  deep  as  in  the  Trong 
animal,  which  often  approaches  tawny-ochraceous.  LTnderparts  pale 
cream-buff  or  yellowish  white.  The  dark  brown  hairs  of  the  upper- 
parts  are  distributed  as  in  Mus  surifer  surifer;  but  they  appear  to  be 
fewer  in  nvimber.  Feet  and  tail  as  in  the  mainland  animal,  the  latter 
.sharply  bicolor  nearly  to  tip,  its  distal  extremity  whitish  above  and 
below. 

SIcull  iind  teeth. — Skull  distinctly  smaller  than  that  of  Mns  surifer,  and 
in  general  of  much  the  same  form.  The  braincase  is,  however,  broader 
in  i^roportion  to  the  length  of  the  skull,  and  the  supraorbital  ridges  are 
less  conspicuously  developed.  The  interparietal  is  similar  to  that  of  the 
mainland  animal  and  does  not  approach  the  peculiar  triangular  form 
found  in  the  representative  of  the  species  occurring  on  the  Butang 
Islands. 

Teeth  as  in  typical  Mus  surifer. 

Measurements. — External  measurements  of  type:  total  length,  355; 
head  and  body,  197;  tail  vertebrae,  158;  hind  foot,  37.6:  hind  foot  with- 
out claws,  3().  Average  of  ten  specimens  including  the  type:  total 
length,  335  (305-369):  head  and  body,  175  (159-197):  tail  vertebrae,  160 
(146-172);  hind  foot,  39  (37-42):  hind  foot  without  claws,  37  (36-40). 

Cranial  measurements  of  t>^e:  greatest  length,  44;  basal  length,  37; 
basilar  length,  34.8;  palatal  length,  18;  least  width  of  palate  between 
anterior  molars,  5;  diastema,  12.6;  length  of  incisive  foramen,  6.4;  com- 
bined breadth  of  incisive  foramina,  3.6;  length  of  nasals,  17:  combined 
breadth  of  nasals,  5:  zygomatic  breadth,  20:  interorbital  breadth,  7; 
mastoid  breadth,  15;  breadth  of  braincase  above  roots  of  zygomata,  17; 
depth  of  braincase  at  front  of  basioccipital,  11;  frontopalatal  depth  at 
posterior  extremity  of  nasals,  10;  least  depth  of  rostrum  immediately 
behind  incisors,  7.8;  maxillary  toothrow  (alveoli),  6.8;  width  of  front 
upper  molar,  2.2;  mandible,  23.6:  mandibular  molar  series  (alveoli),  6.6. 

Specimens  e.ramined. — Thirteen  skins,  twenty  skulls,  and  one  specimen 
in  alcohol,  all  from  Pulo  Lankawi. 

Remarks. — By  its  small  size  and  yellowish  color  this  race  is  readily 
distinguishable  from  that  of  the  mainland  as  well  as  from  that  of  the 
n^arbv  Hulang  Islands. 


I'.Hj      Miller — Mammals  from,  Lankawi  and  Butav;/  L^lands. 


Mus  surifer  butangensis  subsp.   nov. 

r^pc— Adult  male  (skin  and  skull)  No.  104,309  United  States  National 
Museum.  Collected  on  Pulo  Adang,  Butang  Islands,  December  IG.  18!M). 
Orijiinal  number  157. 

(iKtractcrK. — More  robust  than  Mux  surifer  .surifor  from  Tronp',  Lower 
Siam;  tail  distinctly  shorter  than  head  and  body:  ground  color  of  sides 
and  upper  parts  darker  and  less  bright  than  in  the  mainland  form,  and 
dark  shading  more  diffuse;  belly  dirty  buff;  skull  with  the  rostrum 
deeper,  the  braincase  relatively  narrower  and  more  ridged,  and  the  in- 
terparietal more  distinctly  triangular  in  outline. 

Color. — The  color  differs  from  that  of  the  typical  race  in  the  dullness 
of  the  fulvous  tints.  These  are  very  nearly  ochraceous-buff  in  marked 
contrast  with  the  orange-buff  of  Mus  surifer  surifer  and  M.  surifer  flarid- 
vliis.  The  sprinkling  of  blackish  hairs  in  very  diffuse,  adding  to  1  he 
peculiar  aspect  of  the  animal.  Underparts  soiled  cream-buff.  Tail  and 
feet  as  in  the  related  forms. 

Ski/U  atid  teeth. — The  skull,  while  not  actually  larger  than  in  ihe  main- 
land race  is  more  angular  and  heavily  ridged.  The  rostrum  when 
viewed  from  the  side  is  distinctly  deeper  and  the  braincase  appears  to  be 
slightly  narrower,  though  the  latter  character  is  not  very  well  marked. 
The  outline  of  the  interparietal  is  nearly  a  perfect  isosceles  triangle  the 
base  of  which  (the  anterior  edge)  is  about  one  and  one  half  times  as  long- 
as  either  side.     Teeth  as  in  typical  Mus  surifer. 

Measurements. — External  measurements  of  type:  total  length,  374; 
head  and  body,  203;  tail  vertebrte,  171;  hind  foot,  43;  hind  foot  without 
claws,  41.  Average  of  twelve  specimens  from  the  type  locality:  total 
length,  353  (311-381):  head  and  body,  194  1178-210);  tail  vertebrae,  159 
(133-171);  hind  foot,  41  (38.5-43);  hind  foot  without  claws,  38  (37-41). 
Average  of  three  specimens  from  Pulo  Rawi;  total  length,  353  (336-35()); 
head  and  body,  192  (184-203):  tail  vertebra,  160  (152-1G5):  hind  foot,  39 
(38.5-40);  hind  foot  without  claws.  3(5.8  (30.5-37). 

Specimens  exdmined. — Fifteen;  twelve  from  Pulo  Adang,  and  three 
from  Pulo  Rawi,  Butang  Islands. 

Remarks. — The  three  skins  from  Pnlo  Rawi  agree  very  closely  with 
those  from  the  type  locality  though  in  color  they  are  slightly  less  dull. 

Mus  pannosus  sp.    nov. 

Type. — Adult  male  No.  104,110  United  States  National  Museum. 
Collected  on  Pulo  Adang,  Butang  Islands,  December  14.  1899.  Original 
number  146. 

Characters. — Similar  to  Mus  tambelanicv s  Miller,  but  with  larger  ears, 
pelage  of  upper  parts  less  suffused  with  red,  and  entire  underparts  griz- 
zled with  gray.     Audital  bulhi^  larger  than  in  Mux  tavibelanicus. 

Color. — Back  a  rather  coarse  grizzle  of  light  wood-brown  and  blackish 
brown   the  two  colors  mixed  in  nearly  equal  proportions.     Sides  very 


Miller — MainmaU  from  Lankawi  and  Biitauf/  Islands       191 

(lull  Inilf-yellow  heavily  sprinkled  with  dark  brown.  Ventral  svirface 
dull,  ijale,  bufT,  stroii<;ly  suffused  with  drab-gray,  particularly  along 
median  line.  Chin  and  throat  usually  dull  huffy  white  scarcely  tinged 
with  gray. 

Skii/L — The  skull  is  similar  to  that  of  j¥?/.'*  tamhelanicus  except  that 
the  audilal  bulhe  are  very  noticeably  larger  and  less  depressed  on  the 
outer  side.  Teeth  as  in  Mtn-  fambclnniciiM,  that  is.  like  those  of  3fnx 
Uile.vandrini!.s',  only  larger. 

3/(vy,vw/v///6'« /.v. —External  measurements  of  type:  total  length,  406; 
head  and  body,  203;  tail  vertebrae,  203:  hind  foot,  41;  hind  foot  without 
claws,  38.  Average  of  seven  specimens  from  the  type  locality:  total 
length,  380  (373-406);  head  and  body,  196  (184-203);  tail  vertebra?,  190 
(184-203);  hind  foot,  40  (38-41.5):  hind  foot  without  claws,  38  (35-39). 
An  adult  male  from  Pulo  Kawi  measures:  total  length,  409;  head  and 
bod}',  203;  tail  vertebne,  196;  hind  foot,  39;  hind  foot  without  claws,  36. 

Specimenfi  examined. —  Ten  (three  in  alcohol)  from  Pulo  Adang,  and 
three  from  Pulo  Rawi,  Butang  Islands. 

Remarks. — The  close  resemblance  of  this  species  to  ilf!/.s  tamhdairinix, 
and  its  unlikeness  to  the  small  Mus  'ale.vafidrinus'  of  the  adjacent  main- 
land suggest  that  the  two  large  animals  are  less  closely  related  to  the 
latter  than  I  at  first  supposed  Mu.-i  fiDiibekmicus  to  be.  While  of  the 
same  general  form  as  the  roof  rat  they  are  heavier  animals  with  coarser 
more  shaggy  fur. 

Mus   cremoriventer  subsp. '.' 

Two  specimens  (one  in  alcohol)  from  Pulo  Lankawi  and  a  third  from 
Pulo  Adang  differ  from  true  Miin  rrcmoripenter  in  a  strong  yellowish 
suffusion  of  the  entire  pelage.  As  they  were  taken  at  practically  the 
same  season  as  the  original  specimens  of  3f.  crcmorwenter  there  is  little 
probabilily  that  the  differences  are  due  to  individual  variation.  With- 
out further  material,  and  particularly  in  the  absence  of  series  of  the 
yellowish  Mux  flanventer  from  the  Anambas,  it  seems  unwise  to  attempt 
1(1  tlefine  the  present  race. 

Ratufa  melanopepla  Miller, 
(ine  specimen.  Pulo  Lankawi,  December  9,  1899. 

Sciurus  concolor  Blyth. 

Two  specimens  from  Pulo  T^ankawi  and  three  from  Pulo  Adang.  They 
ayree  in  all  essential  characters  with  skins  from  Trong,  Lower  Siam,  but 
whether  the  same  as  the  trvie  concolor  of  Malacca  it  is  at  present  impos- 
sible to  determine. 

Tragulus  umbrinus  sp.   nov. 

Type. — Adult  male  (skin  and  skull)  No.  104,414,  United  States  National 
Museum.  Collected  on  Pulo  Lankawi,  December  7,  1899.  (Jriginal 
number.  i:>4. 


192      Miller — Mammah  from  Lai)l'awi  and  Biitang  Fshuid-'^. 

Charnrfern. — Similar  to  Trac/nlui^  rancsccnx*  of  the  adjacent  mainland, 
but  smaller  in  size  and  much  darlver  in  color.  Throat  stripes  blacl^ish 
brown  with  scarcely  a  trace  of  pale  speck! in,;:;-.  Belly  heavily  washed 
with  fulvous  gray. 

Color, — Ground  color  of  back  a  deeper,  brighter  orange-bufF  than  in 
T.  ranescenH  and  blackish  clouding  much  in  excess  of  buff.  Sides  and 
Hanks  as  in  the  maiidand  animal  but  conspicuously  darker,  owing  to  the 
greater  admixture  of  brown.  Entire  neck  from  crown  to  shoulders,  and 
laterally  to  outer  white  throat  stripes,  blackish  seal-brown,  many  of  the 
hairs  with  a  subterminal  orange-buff  area  about  3  mm.  in  length.  The 
buff  rings  give  the  dark  area  a  speckled  appearance,  but  they  are  not 
sufficiently  numerous  to  produce  grizzling,  except  occasionally  at  the 
sides  of  the  neck.  Upper  surface  of  head  and  face  slightly  darker  than 
back;  cheeks  and  ill  defined  streak  over  and  in  front  of  eye  paler.  Lat- 
erril  dark  tlirodt  fifripex  clear  blarkia/i  neal-hrou-n  xrarreli/  xperjdt'd  m'f/i  huff. 
C'ollar  like  sides  of  body,  only  more  finely  grizzled.  Chest  and  posterior 
half  of  belly  white,  the  intermediate  region  heavily  clouded  with  yel- 
lowish gray,  darker  and  clearer  along  median  line.  Outer  surface  of 
legs  dull  ochraceous  somewhat  clouded  with  dark  brown. 

Hkall  and  teeth. — Skid  1  as  in  Tr(tf/>il>/.'<  eanexrenx.  but  slightly  smaller. 
Relative  size  of  teeth  as  in  the  mainland  animal,  therefore  considerably 
greater  than  in  T.  napii. 

Measurementx. — External  measurements  of  type:  total  length,  59(): 
head  and  body,  520;  tail  vertebne,  70:  hind  foot,  135:  hind  foot  without 
hoof,  123:  ear  from  meatus,  34;  width  of  ear,  22.  External  measure- 
ments of  a  second  adult  male  from  the  type  locality;  total  length,  584; 
head  and  body,  .508;  tail  vertebra,  76;  hind  foot,  128;  hind  foot  without 
hoof,  115. 

Cranial  measurements  of  type:  greatest  length,  112;  basal  length,  108; 
basilar  length,  100;  zygomatic  breadth,  48;  mandible,  90:  maxillary 
toothrow  (alveoli),  30;  mandibular  toothrow  (alveoli),  47. 

Weight. — Weight  of  type  3.(33  kg.     Weight  of  second  adult,  3.4  kg. 

Specimens  examined. — Three,  all  from  the  type  locality. 


Tragulus  javanicus  (Gmelin). 

Thirteen  specimens  from  Pulo  Lankawi  and  two  from  Pulo  Adang  are 
indistinguishable  from  those  taken  on  the  mainland. 


Lutra  barang  F.  Cuvier. 

One  adult  female,  Pulo  Lankawi,  December  10.  1899.  Measurements: 
total  length,  1090:  head  and  body,  ()73;  tail  vertebne,  419;  hind  fool. 
128. 


*See  antea,  p.  185. 


Miller — Mammals  from  Lankawi  and  Butang  Islands.      193 

Tupaia  ferruginea  Raffles. 

Two  specimens  from  Pulo  Lankawi  and  one  each  from  Pulo  Adang 
and  Pulo  Rawi  are  indistinguishable  from  those  taken  in  Trong,  Lower 
Siam. 

Galeopithecus  volans  (Linnieus). 
Two  specimens,  both  from  Pulo  Adang. 

Emballonura  peninsularis  Miller. 

Nine  specimens  (one  skin),  Pulo  Rawi,  Butang  Islands,  December  19. 
1899. 

Semnopithecus  obscurus  Blyth. 
Two  were  taken  on  Pulo  Lankawi,  December  5,  1899. 


Vol.  XIII,  pp.  195-198  December  21,  1900 

PROCEEDINGS 


OF  THE 


BIOLOGICAL    SOCIETY    OF    WASHINGTON 


RIBES  MESCALERIITM,  AN  UNDESCRIBED  CURRANT 
FROM  NEW  MEXICO  AND  TEXAS. 


BY  FREDERICK  V.  COVILLE. 


Dr.  Valery  Havard,  in  his  report  on  the  Flora  of  Western 
and  Southern  Texas,  identified  one  of  his  plants  as  Hibes  vis- 
cosissrmiim  Pursh,  and  wrote  of  it  as  "the  only  gooseberry 
seen  in  western  Texas,  growing-  sparingly  in  the  Guadalupe 
Mountains."*  On  the  basis  of  the  same  observations  Dr.  John 
M.  Coulter  included  iiiscosissimttm  in  his  Botany  of  Western 
Texas,  commenting  on  it  as  occurring  "sparingly  in  the  moun- 
tains west  of  the  Pecos,  and  apparently  the  only  gooseberry  of 
western  Texas. "f  Dr.  Havard's  specimen,  which  is  in  the 
National  Herbarium,  was  collected  in  the  Guadalupe  Mountains, 
El  Paso  County,  Texas,  in  October,  1881.  It  has  neither  flo'w- 
ers  nor  fruit,  and  has  long  been  a  puzzle  on  account  of  its  pe- 
culiar vegetative  characters,  intermediate  between  those  of  vis- 
''osissiniifm  and  cereum.  In  Professor  Coulter's  description  the 
rtower  and  fruit  characters  were  of  course  drawn  from  Rocky 
Mountain  specimens  of  typical  viscosissimttm,  so  that  the  Texas 
plant  has  really  never  been  described,  nor  does  any  good  material 
of  it  seem  to  have  been  collected. 

*Havard,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  8  :  524.     188.5. 
fContr.  U.  8.  Xat.  Herb. 2  :109.     1891. 

41— Biol.  Soc.  Wash.  Vol.  XIII,  1900.  m^) 


lOG       CovilLe — -Rihes  Mescalerium,  an  Uii<h'scril>etJ  Ciirrnnt. 

In  1807  Professor  E.  O.  Wooten  collected  in  the  White 
Mountains  of  Lincoln  County,  New  Mexico,  a  currant  which  he 
distributed  with  a  mark  of  doubt  as  Rihes  cereum  Dougl.,  No. 
281  of  his  collection  of  that  year.  The  specimen  was  remark- 
able in  being  black-fruited,  the  fruit  of  cereion  being  invariably 
of  a  light  red  color.  Concluding  that  this  represented  an  un- 
described  species  I  wrote,  early  last  S]>ring,  to  Professor 
Wooten,  who  courteously  loaned  me  his  collection  of  New  Mex- 
ican Ribes.  Among  these  was  another  fruiting  specimen  of 
the  new  currant,  from  the  Sacramento  Mountains,  and  a  frag- 
mentary flowering  specimen  from  the  White  Mountains. 

As  Mr.  Vernon  Bailey,  of  the  Biological  Survey,  expected  to 
visit  southeastern  New  Mexico  during  the  summer  I  requeste<l 
him  to  look  out  for  this  currant,  and  he  has  lately  handed  me 
some  fine  flowering  specimens  of  it  from  the  Sacramento  Moun- 
tains. From  all  this  material  tlie  following  description  has 
been  drawn. 

Ribes  mescalerium  sp.   iiov. 

Erect  shrub,  without  spines  or  prickles;  one-year-old  I  wl.us  cream  to 
buff-colored,  glandular-hairy,  the  epidermis  on  older  branches  soon 
splitting  and  weathering  away,  leaving  the  branches  chestnut  brown 
often  overlaid  with  some  thin  grayish  tissue;  leaf-blades  roughly  orbicu- 
lar in  outline,  usually  broader  than  long,  1..5  to  2. .5  or  sometimes  even 
:{..)  cm.  wide,  truncate,  broadly  wedge-shaped,  or  somewhat  cordate  at 
base,  3  to  5-lobed,  the  lobes  unevenly  crenate-dentate,  or  even  indis- 
linctly  lobulate,  with  gland-tipped  hairs  on  bolh  surfaces,  and  on  the 
lower  surface  some  glandless  pubescence  also:  petioles  usually  a  liltle 
shorter  than  the  blades,  closely  pubescent  and  with  a  few  larger  gland- 
tipped  hairs;  racemes  short,  almost  capitate,  closely  2  to  4  or  sometimes 
even  O-ilowered,  the  glandular-hairy  and  pubescent  detlexed  peduncle 
coyimonly  8  to  15  mm.  in  length;  bracts  obovate,  sessile,  toothed  toward 
the  apex,  glandular-hairy,  3  to  .5  or  sometimes  even  7  mm.  long;  flowers 
sessile  or  nearly  so,  the  usually  very  short  pedicels  glandular-hairy 
and  pubescent;  ovary  glandular-hairy;  tube  of  calyx  (moist)  about  o  to 
(■)  mm.  long  and  iJ.o  broad,  sparingly  glandular-hairy,  greenish  while,  the 
reflexed  ovate-oblong  lobes  broadly  acute  or  obtuse,  2  to  ?>  mm.  long,  pu- 
bescent on  the  outside  toward  the  apex;  petals  white,  rotund,  aboiU  2 
mm.  long;  stamens  with  filaments  adhering  to  the  calyx  tube  as  far  as 
tiic  throat,  the  free  portion  shorter  than  the  anther,  this  when  expanded 
about  1  mm.  in  breadth  and  length;  style  stout,  smooth,  shortly  two- 
lobed  at- the  slightly  exserted  apex;  fruit  spherical,  black,  without  bloom, 
sparingly  glandular-hairy,  .'5  to  8  mm.  in  diameter  in  dried  specimens, 
the  Hattened  ones  sometimes  even  10  mm. 


Coville — Ribes  Mescaleriiim,  an  Undescribed  Cvrrant.       197 

Type  specimen  in  the  United  States  National  Herbarium,  collected 
July  21,  1S99,  in  the  Sacramento  Mountains,  at  Fresnal,  Otero  County, 
New  Mexico,  at  an  altitude  of  7,200  leet,  by  E.  ().  Wooten. 

So  far  as  known  Jitbes  mescalerncm  is  confined  to  the  White 
.•111(1  Sacramento  Mountains  of  I^incoln  and  Otero  counties,  Ncm^ 
Mexico,  and  the  neigliboring  Guadalupe  Mountains  which  ex- 
tend across  the  State  line  into  El  Paso  County,  Texas.  The 
specimens  have  been  collected  at  altitudes  varying  from  7,000 
to  9,000  feet.  Mr.  Bailey  considers  it  a  plant  of  the  Canadian 
zone.  The  flowering  specimens  are  dated  May  11  and  June  1, 
and  the  fruiting  specimens  July  21  and  August  5.  Dr.  Ilavard's 
ilesignation  of  this  currant  as  a  gooseberry  was  probably  based 
(•liietly  on  the  paucity  of  the  fruits  in  the  raceme,  a  character 
possessed  also  by  Mibes  cereum.  Although  these  and  other 
species  of  the  cereurn-viscosissim,um.-sangimieuni  group,  in  some 
of  whicli  the  racemes  are  many-flowered,  have  a  well-deflned 
calyx  tube  like  the  gooseberries,  none  of  tliem  bear  spines  or 
prickles  on  the  branches  and  they  are  thus  easily  separable  from 
the  true  gooseberries. 

From  Ribes  cerevm  our  plant  is  distinguishable  in  the  her- 
barium by  the  stalked  character  of  the  glands  on  the  leaves  and 
young  twigs,  by  the  relatively  broader  calyx  tube,  its  ratio  of 
breadth  to  length  being  about  1  to  1^  or  If,  and  by  its  black 
fruit,  llibcs  cereum  has  the  glands  on  its  leaves  and  young 
twigs  almost  always  sessile,  a  corolla  tube  with  the  ratio  of 
breadth  to  length  about  1  to  2^  or  3^,  and  a  fruit  of  l)right  red 
color.  With  iHsrosissimum  the  new  species  agrees  in  the 
stilked  ch.irncter  c  f  the  glands  on  the  vegetative  parts  of  the 
plant,  and  in  the  black  color  of  the  fruit,  but  the  leaves,  flow- 
ers, and  fruit  cf  inscositisimum  are  much  larger,  the  flowers  being 
:iboi;.t  1,5  mm.  long  when  the  calyx  lobes  are  not  reflexed,  and 
the  tube  al)out  6  mm.  broad,  while  the  pedicels  are  several  milli- 
meters, often  1  cm.  or  more,  in  length,  and  the  elliptical-oblong 
I'niit  is  commonly  8  to  10  mm.  broad  by  10  to  12  mm.  long. 
The  oblong  anthers  of  HsrosiiHsUnum,  commonly  1.5  mm.  in 
length,  in  all  the  specimens  examined,  are  exceeded  by  the  free 
l)()rtion  of  the  filament.  Mr.  Bailey  states  that  the  bushes  are 
tiller  than  those  of  ccreiDn,  being  commonly  4  to  G  feet  high, 
and  do  not   spread    out   into    the   broadly    rounded    and    closely 


198       Coville — Ribes  Mescalerium,  an  Undescribed  Cvrrant. 

branched  form  common  in  cereicm.      Viscosissimitm  is  ordinarily 
a  few-branched  straggling  shrub  2  to  4  feet  high. 

The  name  selected  for  the  species,  tnescaleriufn,  commemo- 
rates the  Mescalero  Apaches,  a  tribe  of  Indians  who  in  former 
times  inhabited  the  region  in  which  the  plant  occurs  and  who 
now  occupy  a  reservation  in  the  White  Mountains  of  Lincoln 
County,  New  Mexico. 


Vol.  XIII,  pp.  199-200  December  21,  1900 

PROCEEDINGS 


OF  THB 


BIOLOGICAL    SOCIETY    OF    WASHINGTON 


POLYPODIUM  HESPERIUM,  A  NEW  FERN  FROM 
WESTERN  NORTH  AMERICA.* 

liY  WILLIAM  R.  MAXON. 


Tlie  prospect  before  one  attempting  to  bring  anything  like 
order  out  of  the  substantial  aggregate  known  as  PolyjKHlkim 
vulgare  is  far  from  encouraging.  Much  uncertainty  exists  even 
as  to  the  typical  form  of  the  species,  and  it  is  certainly  to  be 
iloubted  whether  the  common  form  of  the  eastern  LTnited  States 
truly  represents  the  species  long  ago  characterized  upon  Euro- 
pean material  as  vulgare.  At  one  time  Hooker  regarded  our 
eastern  representative  of  varietal  rank  and  briefly  characterized 
it  as  var.  Americam(m;\  but  he  seems  to  have  disregarded  it  in 
his  later  work.  Much  confusion  has  arisen  also  as  to  the  iden- 
tity of  his  vav.  occklental€\  founded  upon  specimens  collected 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia  and  at  Sitka.  So  far  as  the  de- 
scription goes  it  applies  well  to  the  plant  later  described  by 
Kellogg  as  7-*.  f((Jcatam\  and  again  by  Eaton  as  P.  ylycyr- 
rliizd,^  but  it  may  with  equal  propriety  be  referred  to  another 
form  of  the  Pacific  coast  especially  abundant  in  Alaska  and  the 
Aleutian  Islands  which  is  rather  coriaceous   in  texture  and   in 


^Published  by  permission  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Smithsonian  Institu- 
tion. 

f  Flora  Bor.  Am.  2  :  258.     1840. 
:j;Proc.  Cad.  Acad.  Sci.  I,  i  :  20.     1854. 
i'Am.  Journ.  Sci.  II,  22  :  138.     1856. 

4.i— BIOL.  Soc.  Wash.  Vol.  XIII,  1900.  (199) 


200        Maxon — A  New  Fern  from  Western  North  America. 

some  cases  serrated  as  the  variety  was  originally  described.  Be 
that  as  it  may,  the  species  here  described  as  new  is  clearly  not 
closely  related  to  either  of  Hooker's  "varieties."  It  comprises 
the  common  form  of  the  whole  monntain-region  of  the  western 
United  States,  and  is  essentially  different  from  the  material  of 
eastern  North  America.      I  propose  the  name: 

Polypodium  hesperium. 

Rhizome  rather  stovit,  firm,  creeping,  chaffy  with  dark  brown  scales; 
fronds  4  to  13  inches  long,  clustered:  stipe  1  to  5  inches  Ions',  smootli, 
decidedly  stramineous;  lamina  3  to  8  inches  long,  1  to  If  inches  broad, 
linear-oblong,  apical  portion  usually  entire  and  acuminate,  texture 
thinner  than  in  vulgare,  the  under  surface  sparsely  glandular;  pinnae 
mostly  alternate,  6'^  to  10^^  long,  3^^  to  5^'  broad,  elliptical  or  somewhat 
spatulate,  always  narrowest  at  base,  broadly  rounded  at  tip;  margins 
obscurely  (or,  less  often,  decidedly)  crenate;  veins  forking  two  or  usual- 
ly three  times,  veinlets  free;  sori  very  large,  oval,  borne  midway  be- 
tween the  midvein  and  margin,  at  the  end  of  the  lowermost  veinlet; 
spores  greenish-yellow,  smoothish. 

Type  specimen,  No.  303,284  in  the  U.  S.  National  Herbarium,  Smith- 
sonian Institution,  collected  by  M.  W.  Gorman,  No.  642,  August  21, 
1897,  in  Coyote  Canon,  liake  Chelan,  Washington.  The  geographical 
distribution  of  the  species  embraces  the  territory  from  the  Rincon  and 
San  Francisco  Mountains  in  Arizona  to  Washington  and  British  Colum- 
bia, Idaho  and  Montana.     Within  this  region  vulgare  does  not  occur. 

It  is  doubtful  whether  hesperhim  is  very  closely  related  to  the  eastern 
vulgare.  Its  affinities  seem  rather  to  lie  with  the  Polypodiums  of  the 
Pacific  coast,  one  especially  notable  feature  which  it  possesses  in  com- 
mon with  them  being  the  hard  licorice-like  rootstock.  The  rhizomes  of 
the  eastern  vulgare,  on  the  other  hand,  are  not  only  spongy  and  cpiite 
acrid  but  more  or  less  unsavory  in  taste.  The  chaff  of  Itexperium  too  is 
very  much  darker  than  that  of  the  material  of  the  eastern  United  States 
and  the  stipes  are  much  more  thickly  clustered.  The  most  prominent 
feature  is  the  very  characteristic  shape  of  the  pinnae,  often  half  as 
broad  as  long. 

The  name  is  chosen  in  allusion  to  the  occurrence  of  the  species  in 
western  North  America.  It  is  barely  possible,  but  hardly  probable,  that 
the  species  here  described  is  identical  with  the  var.  rotumlatvm  of 
Milde,  which  is  however  antedated  by  the  Poli/podkivi  rotuiulatiiin  of 
Sieber,  applied  to  a  West  Indian  species. 

Nearly  fifty  specimens  of  this  species  have  been  examined,  from  the 
herbaria  of  the  National  Museum,  Yale  University,  the  California  Acad- 
emy of  Sciences,  Professor  L.  M.  fTnderwood,  Mr.  R.  I).  (Jilbert,  aiul 
Mr.  J.  B.  Flett.  I  desire  to  express  my  thanks  to  the  curators  of  the 
public  herbaria  and  to  the  gentlemen  above  mentioned,  especially  to 
Mr.  Flett  who  has  fiirnished  an  excellent  suite  of  specimens  from  Wash- 
ington, ranging  from  altitudes  of  3G00  to  5r)()0  feet. 
U.  S.  National  Museum,  Washington.  I).  C. 


INDEX 


New  names  are  printed  in  heavy  type. 


Page 

Actitis  macuhiria y-Z 

Aecidium  ilicinum 181 

Aesculus  octandra 178 

Agoseris  heterophylla llw 

Agrimonia    brittoniana 181 

hirsuta 178 

Agrostis  canina 175 

capillaris 176 

Alces  alces 58 

americanus 57 

S?isas 57 

muswa 57 

Alchemilla  arvensis 116 

cuneifolia 116 

Allen,  J.  A. :  Name  of  Cuban  red  bat  165 

Name  of  Viscacha 183 

Amazona  mercenaria 92 

saltiieusiN 26 

Amblyopappus  pusillus 120 

Ambrosia  artemisiaefolia 178 

pumila 120 

Amorpha  californica 116 

Ampelanus  albidus 182 

Ampelopsis  tricuspidata xiii,  Ixiv 

Amygdalus  persicus 178 

Anabazenops  striaticollis 99 

Anaptogoaia 154 

Anteunaria  monocephala 157 

propinqua :.  182 

solitaria 157 

Anthocephala  floriceps 94 

Anthoceros  laevis 173 

Antrostomus  g:olcliiiaiii 26 

ridgwayi 26 

salvini 27 

Anychia  canadensis 177 

dichotoma 177 

Apara 72 

Aphelocoma  cyanotis 27 

g^risea 27 

woodhousei 27 

Apiastrum  angustifolium 120 

latifolium 120 

tenellum 120 

Aplodontia  major 19 

olyiiipiea 20 

;>aciflca 19 

|>h%a 20 

rainieri 21 

rufa 20 

Apocynum  album 88 

androsaemifolium 82 

cannabinum 86 

glaberrimum 86,  88 

incanum 82 

medium ; 84 

iieniorale A. 87 

pubescens 86 

speciosiini 83 

tirceolifer 85 

Arabis  arcuata 115 

Aramides  axillaris 92 

Arctodus  pristinus 54 

Arctostapbylos  acuta 114 

bicolor 115 

pumila 115 


Page 

Arctotherium  simum 54 

Arizostus 71 

Aromia  tenuifolia 120 

Arremonops  caneus 103 

conirostris 104 

rutlvirgata 29 

siiialoae 28 

sumichrasti 29 

venezuelensis, 104 

Artemisia  abrotanoides 117 

californica 115,  117 

foliosa 117 

Asarum  stiuttleworthii 176 

Ashmead,  W.  H. :  Exhibition  of  Chi- 

rodaiiiiis ix 

Asplenium  filix-foemina 69 

pectin  atum 181 

platyueuron 69 

Aster  claytoni 180 

novae-angliae 182 

sagittifolius 180 

Astragalus  leucopsis 116 

tricopodus 116 

Atalapha  pfeifferi 155,  165 

Atticora  cyanoleuca 105 

Aulacoramphus   lautus 92 

Automolus  rufipectus 99 


B 


Baeria  authemoides 121 

aristata 121 

gracilis 117 

mutica 121 

tenella 117 

Bahia  tritida 117 

Bailey,  Vernon:    Protective  colora- 
tion in  Ochotona ix 

The  Great  Dismal  Swamp x 

Where  the  grebe  skins  come 

from XV 

Ball,  C.  R.  and  C.  L.  Pollard:  New  or 

noteworthy  Louisiana  plants.  133-135 
Bangs.  Outram:  New  Oryzoinijstvora 

Colombia 9-10 

The  Florida  Puma 15-17 

New  or  rare  birds  from  Co- 
lombia   91-108 

Baptisia  coiifusa 158 

laevicaulis 134 

lanceolata 133 

texana 133 

Barringtonia  speciosa,  exhibition  of  xiii 

Basileuterus  caiKiatiis 29 

jouyi 29 

Batrachium  hederaceum 157 

Betula  nigra 176 

Bidens  melanocarpa 182 

Blepharipappus  carnosus 121 

elegans 118 

platyglossus 118 

Blephilia  ciliata 179 

Botrychium  obliquum 63 

Braehylag'us 157 

Bryum  roseum 173 

Buarremon  basilicus 104 


43-BiOL.  Soc.  Wash.  Vol.  XIII,  1900. 


(201) 


202 


The  Biological  Society  of  Was /mi  (/ion. 


Page 

Burrielia  hlrsuta 117 

longifolia 117 

parviflora 117 

Byblis  serrata 47 

c 

Cabassous  centralis 72 

hispidus 72 

loricatus 72 

lugubris 72 

unicinctus 72 

Cachicarrjus 72 

Calandrinia  maritima 118 

Callipeplafulvipectus 25 

Calycadenia  tenella 121 

Campanula  divaricata 179 

Cardinalisaflinis 28 

igneus 28 

siualuensis 28 

superbus 28 

Carduus  occidentalis 117 

Carex  utriculata 176 

Carica  papaya xvi 

Carpodacus  ruberrimus 25 

Castanea  pumila 176 

Catamenia  analoides 102 

Catharus  fulvescens 31 

fuscater 108 

olivaMceiis 31 

Ceanothus  divaricatus 117 

birsutus 117 

macrocarpus 117 

ollganthus 117 

rigidus 114 

spinosus 117 

verrucosus 119 

Ceratiomyxa  fruticulosa 172 

Cercis  canadensis 180 

Cercocarpus  betuloides 116 

Cereus  californicus 119 

Cervus  lobatus 57 

Chamaga  fasciata 41 

henshawi 41 

pheea 42 

Ch^nactis  tenuifolia 120 

Cbeirantbus  capitatus 114 

Chesnut,  V.  K. :    Elxbibition  of  pbo- 
tographs  and  fruits  of  Umbel/u- 

laria  californica ix 

Catalogue  of  plants  poisou- 

ous  to  stock...: xii 

Acorns  as  food xviii 

Chirodamus,  Exhibition  of ix 

Cbloronerpes  uropygialis 93 

Chlorophonia  frontalis 104 

Cbrysopsis  gossypina 131 

iatistqiiaiiiea 131 

pilosa 131 

sessiliflora 117 

Cinclodes  albidiventris 98 

Cinclus  leucocephalus 105 

leuconotus 105 

rlviilaris 105 

Cladonia  sylvestris 173 

Cladosporiumcorynitrichum 180 

Clasterisporium  sigmoideum 181 

Clematis  lasiantha 119 

parviflora 119 

pauciflora 119 

Cobasa  scandens x 

Cneoridium  dumosum 119 

Cockerell,   T.    D.    A.:     Faunae    and 

Faunulae  of  New  Mexico xi 

Conirostrum  rufum 105 

Conopophaga  brownl 100 

Cook,  O.  F. ;    Habits  of  African  ter- 
mites     xi 

Mangrove  growing  on  dry  land  xvi 


Page 

Cotyledon  edulis 119 

lanceolata 119 

pulverulenta 119 

Coville,    F.  v.:    The  Great  Dismal 

Swamp X 

Exhibition  of  lichen  covered 

cones  of  Pinus  attenuata xiv 

Explorations  of  Thomas  Nut- 
tall  in  California xiii,  109-121 

Ribes  mescalerium.  a  new  cur- 
rant  , 195-198 

Crataegus  Browni 181 

Cryptopleura  californica 118 

Cuscuta  arvensis 178 

Cyclopes 72 

Cyclothurus 72 

Cyperus  flliculmis 176 

retrofractus 176 

Cytispora  tumulosa 181 

Cytisporella  carnea 181 


D 


Daniel,  J.  W.,  Jr.:    Zoological  col- 
lecting in  Cuba xv 

Dall,  \V.  H.:  Honolulu  aind  the  Ha- 
waiian Islands xiii 

Exhibition    of    Barringtonia 

speciosa xiii 

Discovery  of  fossil  coral  reef 

in  Georgia xix 

Abnormal  Chiton  from  Cali- 
fornia  xix 

Dasypus  gymnurus 4 

hispidus.. 5 

uovemcinctus 72 

octodecimcinctus 72 

septemcinctus 72 

sexcinctus 72 

tricinctus 72 

"unicinctus 71 

Deinandra  fasciculata 118 

Delphinapterus 24 

Delphinu.',  bideutatus 24 

desmarestii 24 

iipronii 24 

phocaenoides 23 

tvrisio 24 

Dendrocincla  arguina 100 

Dentaria  integrifolia 114 

De   Schweinitz,    E,    A.:      Practical 
working  of   serum  treatment  of 

swine x 

Dewey,  L.  H. :    Frost  flowers xiv 

Some  foreign  varieties  of  cot- 
ton  xviii 

Deweya  arsuta 120 

Dichaeta  tenella 117 

Dicrauium  drummondi 173 

Didactyles 73 

Dimerosporium  collinsii 173 

Dipetalia  suliulata 115 

Diplodia  paraphysata 181 

Dipodomys  elator 167 

moutanus 167 

Dipus  m^iximus 166,  183 

Dolomys 154 

Drepanolobus  lanatus 114 

Drymophila  caudata 100 

Dryopteris  celsa 65 

clintoniana 65 

cristata 65 

floridana 65 

goldieana 65 

marginalis 68 

noveboracensis 64 

spinulosa 68 

thelypteris 64 


Index. 


203 


Page 

Dryoryx 73 

Dysmicodon  californicum 117 

E 

Echeveria  lanceolata 119 

pulverulenta 119 

Echinooactusviridescens 120 

EUimia  ruderalis 115 

Emballonura  peninsularis 193 

Encelia  califoralca 117 

Encoubertus 73 

Erigeron  foliosus 117 

glaucus ■ 117 

hispidus 117 

Eriophyllum  trifldum 117 

Erysimum  grandiflorum 114 

Eupatorium  purpureum 180 

Euphractus 72 

Euryptera  lucida 120 

Eurypterna 72 

Euscarthmus  granadensis 9(i 

Evans,  Walter:    Trifoliate  and  tri- 
partite grape  leaves xiii,  xiv 

Evermann,  B.  W.:  Lake  Maxinkuc- 
kee xiii 

Concerning  species  and  sub- 
species  xvi 

Papaw    occurring    in   Porto 

Rico xvi 

Colored  illustrations  of  fishes 

of  Porto  Rico xvii 

Evotomys 154 

F 

Fagus  americana 175 

Falco  ruflgularis 92 

Felis  concolor 15 

coryi 15 

floridana 15 

hippolestes 15 

oretronensis 10 

Fisher,   A.   K.:    The  Great  Dismal 

Swamp X 

Franseria  pumila 120 

Fusarium  aleurinum 181 

oxydendri 181 

Fusicoccum  nervicolum 181 

Q 

Galeopithecus  volans 193 

Galium  nuttallii 120 

suffruticosum 120 

Gardner,  P.  G.:  Soils  of  Dismal  Dis- 
mal Swamp X 

Exhibition    of    oolitic    sand 

from   Salt  Lake xvii 

Geaster  hygrometricus 173 

Gentianacitrina 130 

oonnectens 131 

decora ■•■■  131 

elliottii 131 

wrightii 130 

Geothlypis  Philadelphia 105 

Gerbilius  arenloolor lt)3 

przewalskii Iti3 

Geum  fiavum 178 

Gifola  germanica 180 

Gilbert,  G.  K.:   Submerged  forests 
of  ColumbiaRiver xiii 

New  term  for  sum  of  local 

fauna  and  flora xiv 

Glossophaga  eloug^ata 124, 159 

longirostris 124, 159 

Godetia  epiloUoides 180 


Page 
Gnaphalium  erubescens 117 

ramosissimum 117 

Grindelia  cuneifolia 117 

robusta 118 

Gypagus  papa 92 

H 

Hapalocercus  acutipennis 96 

fulviceps 96 

paiilu»$ 96 

Haplospiza  ulvaria 103 

unicolor 103 

uniformis 103 

Hartmannia  glomerata 118 

Hay,  O.  P.:    Census  of  fossil  verte- 
brates    xii 

Chronological  distribution  of 

Elasmobranchs xiv 

Hay,  VV.  P. :  Exhibition  of  Branchi- 

jniK  serratus xvii 

Heleodytes  gularis 30 

»$tri(liilus 30 

Helianthemum  scoparium 114 

Heliaiithus  agrestis 184 

floridanus 184 

Heliochera  rubrocristata 98 

HelminthophilapiHus 105 

Helminthosporium  fusiforme 181 

Hetherotheca  grandiflora 118 

Hieracium  argutum 118 

Hill.  R-  T. :  Natural  aspects  of  Porto 

Rico 

Hosackia  crassifolia 116 

diffusa 116 

maritima 116 

micranthus 114 

ocliroleuca 116 

prostratus 116 

rubescens ■■••  119 

scofiaria 116 

strigosa 114 

Howard,  L.  O. :  Insect  fauna  of  hu- 
man excrement xiii 

New  illustrations  of  'nsects.xvii 

Insects  affecting  cotton xix 

The  malaria  mosquitos xix 

Hylacarolinensis 75 

cinerea 76 

evittata 76 

nerea 76 

pickeringii 78 

Hylociohla  swainsoni 107 

I 

Impatiens  aurea 180 

Isocoma  vernonioldes 118 

Isomeris  arborea 119 


James,  Henry:  Recent  progress  in 
forestry ^i^ 

Judd.  Sylvester  D.:  Birds  killed  by 
Washington  monument  May  12, 
1899 xii 

Feeding    experiments    with 

captive  birds xvii 

Eye  of  Byblis  serrata 47-51 


Kains,  M.  C:  Electric  light  in  cul- 
ture of  Easter  Ulies..... xvi 


204 


The  Biological  Society  of  Washington. 


Page 
Kearney,  T.  H.:    Flora  of    D.smal 

Swamp X 

Kneiffla  longipedicellata 182 

L 

Lafresnaya  gayi 94 

Lasiurus  blossevillii 155,  165 

pfeifferi ]<>5 

Lathyrus  strictus 119 

vestitus 119 

Lecidea xvi 

Legonzia  biflora 117 

Lejeunea  luceus 173 

Lepidium  lasiocarpum 115 

meaziesii 114 

nitidum 115 

Lepidum  californicum 114 

LeptoQycteris  fiirasoae 126,  159 

nivalis 126 

Leptosyne  californica 131 

douglasii 121 

maritima 121 

Leptotaeuia  californica 117 

Lepus  arcticus 39 

bangsi : 39 

davuricus 166 

idahoensis ; 157 

labradorius 39 

ogotona 166 

viscacia •■•  184 

viscaccica 1<J6,  183 

Leucorhamphus 24 

Leucoseris  saxatilis 118 

tenuifolia 118 

Leucuria  phalerata 93 

Liclionycteris  obscurus 156 

Lissodelphis  peronii 24 

Lithophragma  cymbalaria 115 

Loeflingia  squai  rosa 118 

Loew,  Oscar:    Fermentation  of  to- 
bacco     xi 

Function    of     mineral    sub- 
stances in  organisms xii 

Chemical  and  biological  prop- 
erties of  protoplasm xviii 

Lolium  italicum 181 

Lotus  benthami 119 

glaber 116 

Lotus  grandiflorus..  lUi 

hamatus 114 

nudiflorus 114 

nuttallianus 116 

salsuginosus 116 

stringosus 114 

tormentosus 114 

Lucas, -F.  A.:    Mental  traits  of  Fur 
seal xi 

Letter   on   Concilium   Bibli- 

ographicum,  etc xiii 

Blue    fox     trapping   on    the 

Pribilofs xiv 

Bifurcation  of    fourth  rib  in 

animals xv 

Tusks  of  the  mammoth xvii 

Buffalo   fish   with    no  mouth 

xviii,  xix 

Mastodon  bones  at  Kimms- 

wick,  Missouri xix 

Exhibition  of  fractured  skull 

of  garpike xx 

Lupinus  psoraleoldes 129 

truncatus 119 

Lutra  barang 193 

Lycogala  conieum 173 

Lyon,  M.  W. :  On  Venezuelan  zoolo- 
gy   xix 

Lyslurus 71 


M 

Page 

Macroxus  neglectus 169 

Madaroglossa  angustifolia 118 

carnosa 121 

elegans 118 

hirsuta 118 

Magnolia  fraseri 180 

grandillora x 

tripetala 177 

Malacomeris  incanus 121 

Malacothrix  incana 121 

saxatilis 118 

tenuifolia 118 

Malva  fasciculata 117 

Malvastrum  fasciculatam 117 

Manis  pentadactyla 73 

Marlatt,  C.  L. :    New  nomenclatui-e 

of  broods  of  periodical  Cicada...    ix 
Maxon,  W.  R.:  Bifurcation  in  flight 
feather  of  peacock xv 

Polypodium  hesperimn,  a  new 

fern 199 

Mearns.  E.  A.:  Black  rat  in  Boston  167 

On  Dipodomys  viontanus 167 

On  a  large  lobster 168 

Meehania  cordata 183 

Meibomia  dillenii 178 

pauciflora 178 

Merriam.  C.  Hart:  Fauna  and  flora 
of  Mt.  Shasta  contrasted  with 
that  of  Sierras  and  Cascades xii 

Six  new  rodents 19-21 

Two  new  mammals  from  Cal- 
ifornia  151-152 

New   harvest    mouse     from 

Mexico 152 

Merula  cacozela 107 

lusa 107 

incompta 108 

mluuscula 108 

olivatra 107 

Merulaxis  analis 102 

Metallura  <ll!i>tricta 94 

smaragdiniooUis 96 

tyrianthina 95 

Micronycteris  behnii 154 

brachyotis 154 

microtis 154 

Micropus  angustifolius 118 

calif  ornicus 118 

Microseris  linearifolia 121 

lindleyi 121 

Mierocerculus  marginatus 107 

Microtus  abbreviating 13 

arvalis 11.  13 

kadiacensis 11,  13 

kamtschaticus 11,  13 

tshuktshorum 11 

Mictomys  innuitus : 43 

Miller,  G.  S.  Jr. :  On  the  naked-tailed 
armadillos 1-8 

New  vole  from  eastern  Sibe- 
ria  11-12 

New  vole  from  Hall  Island. .13-14 

New  bats  from  West  Indies. 33-37 

New  hare  from  Labrador 39-40 

New  fossil  bear  from  Ohio...53-,56 

New  moose  from  Alaska .57-59 

New  tree  frog  from  District 

of  Columbia 75-78 

Dogbanes  of  District  of  Co- 
lumbia  79-90 

New  bats  from  Curacao....  123-137 

Now  rats  from  Siam 137-150 

Vespurtilio  concinnus  of  H.  Al- 
len   154 

Evotomys  ys.  Anaptogonia 154 


Index. 


205 


Page 

Micronycteris   brachyotis   and 

M.  microtia 154 

Name  of  Cuban  red  bat 155 

On  VeKpertMio  hlythii 155 

On  Scotophilus  2Htrhyomus 155 

Lichonycteris  iu  South  Amer- 
ica   150 

Name  of  noctule  bat  of  Eu- 
rope   150 

New  subgenus  for  Leipus  ida- 

hoensis 157 

Anteiinai'ia  xolitaria  near  Dis- 
trict  of  Columbia 157 

Bats  from  Curacao 159-163 

New  gerbille    from  Turkes- 
tan  1()3-1<)4 

New  mouse  deer  from  Siam 

KS5-18(; 

Mammals  from  East  Indies 

187-193 

Millspaugh.  C.   P.:    Plants  new   to 
West  Virginia 180-182 

Molossus  obscurus 1<J2 

pygiiift-HS Uii 

Mormoops  blainvillii 100 

liiteriiicdia 100 

megalopbylla 100, 100 

Morris,   E.   L. :    Plants   referred  to 
Plantago  }}atagonica xv 

Batrachium     hederaceum     in 

America 157-158 

Some  plants   of   West  Vir- 
ginia   171-180 

Mus  alexandrinus 137 

asper 145 

bowersi 141 

btitaiig'ensi!i» 190 

creinorl  venter 144, 191 

decumanus 139,  107 

I'erreocaiiHS 140 

flavlduliis 189 

flaviventer 191 

infraluteus 143 

jerdoni 144 

lanoaveiisis 188 

norveglcus 107 

paiinosus 190 

pellax 147 

rajah 149 

rattus 167 

sabanus 138 

surlier 148,  189 

tambelanicus 190 

validus 141 

voclferaiis 138,  188 

whiteheadi 140 

Myadestes  eliiereus 30 

insularis 30 

occidentalis 30 

townsendi 31 

Myiopatis  inoiiteiisis 97 

semifusca 97 

Myiotheretes  striaticollis 90 

Myospiza  manimbe 103 

Myotis  blythii ,  155 

calif  ornicus 124 

myotis 155 

iiesopoliis 123,  159 

nigr-'cans 123,  154 

pallidum 153 

Myrmecophaga  afra 100 

didactyla 72 

jubata  73 

tamandua 73 

tetradactyla 73 

Myrmydon 73 


N 

Page 

Natalus  stramineus 101 

tiiiiiidlrof^tris 100 

Nelson,  E.  W.:  The  Caribbean  seal,  xx 

New  birds  from  Mexico 25-31 

Name  for  eastern  fox  squir- 
rel   109 

Nemacladus  ramosissimus 120 

Nemoseris  californica 121 

Neomeris 23 

Neoplioeaeiia 23 

Nuttallornis  borealis 98 

o 

Ochotona.  exhibition  of ix 

Ochotona  davuricus 166 

Ochthodiaeta  fumigatus 95 

fuscorufus 95 

lugubris 95 

periiix 95 

Oehthoeca  poliogastra 90 

Oenothera  bistorta -i 120 

epilobioides 120 

ovata 114 

Olds,  H.  W. :  Foim  in  songs  of  birds  xvi 

Onoclea  sensibilis 64 

Opuntia  californica 119 

serpentina... 119 

Orca 23 

Orcinus  orca 24 

Ornithogalum  nutans 181 

Orton,  W.  A. :  Sap-flow  of  the  maple  xvili 

Wilt  disease  of  cotton xviii 

Orycteropus  afra 166 

Oryzoborus  funereus 103 

Oryzomys  fulvescens 9 

humilior 9 

iiavHS... 9 

Osgood,  Wilfred  H. :  Trip  down  Yu- 
kon River xvii 

Chamona  fasciata     and    sub- 
species  41-42 

Osmadenia  tenella 131 

Osmunda  cinnamomea 64 

regalis 63 

P 

Pfeonia  californica 115 

Palmer,  T.  S. :  Noxious  animals  and 

birds xi 

On  genera  of  dolphins 23-24 

On  Tatoua  and  other  Eden- 
tates  71-73 

Palmer,  William:  Fauna  of  Dismal 

Swamp X 

— —    Ferns  of  Hemlock  Bluff xi 

Evolution  of  a  subspecies xii 

Exhibition  of  abnormal  ferns 

XV,   xvi 

Ferns  of  lower  Shenandoah 

Valley xv 

Ferns  of  Dismal  Swamp 61-70 

Panicum  barbulatum 175 

commutatum 175 

elongatum 175 

nitidum 175 

polyauthes 175 

Parus  fasciatus 41 

Paspalum  pilosum 175 

Pentachffita  aurea 131 

Penthorum  sedoides 177 

Perichaena  flavida 180 


206 


Jlie  Biohujiccd  Society  of  Washington. 


Page 

Perognathus  areiiicola 158 

bangsi. 1»3 

Peucedauum  euryptera 120 

Phaca  canescens IIG 

tricopoda 116 

Phaiomys- 14 

Pharomachrus  antisianus 9i 

auriceps 92 

teistatii$« 92 

Phyllonycteris  boiiibifroiis 3() 

plaiiltrous 34 

poeyi 33 

sezekorni 33 

Phyllosticta  althaeina 181 

Phlox  brittonii 183 

Physalis  intermedia 135 

longifolia 135 

rij>'i(la 134 

Physarum  lutipes 172 

Pliyseter  miurops 24 

Pickeringia  moatiina lUi 

Picolaptes  lacrymiger 100 

Pinus  attenuiita xiv 

Pipilo  albigula 27 

luteriiiediii!!) 27 

mesoleucus 27 

Pipreola  deoora — 98 

Piraaga  faceta 104 

Pitavia  dumosa 119 

Plantago  aristata 179 

patagonica xv 

Platycichla  carbonaria 108 

Platyrhyuchus  albogularis 9() 

Podosiemon  ceratophyllum 177 

Poecilothiaupis  melanogenys 104 

Pogonatum  brevicaule 173 

Polinptila  rehtricta 25 

Pollard.  C.  L.:  Kxhibition  of  photo- 
graphs of  buildings  of  New  York 

Botanical  Gardens ix 

Species  characters  among 

violets xii 

Eight  new  plat  ts 129-132 

New  southern  violet 169 

^ew  I/fl/a/if//iis 184 

Pollard,  C.  I.,  and  ('.  K.  Bali:  New  or 
noteworthy  Louisiana  plants. 133-135 

!<!c\\  n-.ime  fov  Jl'ipfixio  te.mnu  158 

PolyCiirpon  depres.->um 118 

Polygonum  cristatum 176 

Polypodium  acutum 174 

americunum 199 

biseriatum 174 

falcatum 174,  199 

glycyrrhiz;! 199 

liesperluni 200 

oceidentale 199 

oreopliiluiii 174 

polypodioides 69 

rotundatum. 200 

vulgare 199 

Polystichum  a-crostichoides 64 

Potamogeton  pectinatus 175 

Potentilla  recta 181 

Preble,  E.  A.:  New  lemming  mouse 

from  New  Hampshire 43-45 

Premnoplex  bruuuescens 100 

Procyon  hernandezi 152 

pallittHM 151 

psora  152 

Prunella  soatoerrlma 134 

Psilocarphus  globiferus 118 

tenellus 118 

Psittacula  pallida 25 

Pteris  aquilina 69 

Pterygistes  lasiopterus 156 

maximus 156 

Ptilomeris  anthemoides 121 

aristata 121 


Page 

Ptilomeris  coronaria 121 

mutica 121 

Pygmornis  striigularis 93 

Q 

Quercusalba 175 

nigra 175 

R 

Rafinesquia  californica 121 

Ranunculus  hyperboreus 157 

pusillus 158 

Ratufa  melanopepla 191 

Rehn,  James  A.  G.:    Correction  rel- 
ative to  the  Tarsier 166 

Older  name  for  Aard  vark 166 

Older  name  for  Ogotona 16(i 

Proper  name  for  Viscacha....  166 

Older  name  for  Norway  rat...  167 

Reithrodontomys  ohrysopsis 152 

Rhamnus  californica 114 

crocea 114 

laurifolius 114 

Rhamphomicron  dorsale 94 

Rhus  mtegrifolia 116 

lavirina 116 

Rhynchostegium  rusciforme 173 

Ribes  cereum 196 

divaricatum 115 

uiescaleriuiii 196 

sanguineum 197 

villosum 115 

viscosissimum 197 

Robinia  hispida. 1?0 

Rosa  setigera 181 

s 

Sabal  palmetto xv 

Sabbatia  corymbosa 182 

Sanicula  trifoliata 178 

Schizostoma  brachyote 154 

Sohistochlamys  atra 104 

Sciuropterus  klamathensis 151 

oregonensis 151 

steplieiisi 151 

Sciurus  concolor 183,  191 

lerreus 183 

ludovicianus 169 

neglectus 170 

vicinus 170 

Sclerurus  canigularis 99 

propinquus 99 

Scotophilus  pachyomus 155 

Scytalopus  analis 101 

latebricola 101 

micropterus 102 

sylvestris 101 

Seaman,  W.  H.:    Bifurcation  of  the 

fourth  rib  in  man xv 

The  Great  Dismal  Swamp x 

Sedum  edule 119 

Seiurus  noiabilis 105 

noveboracensis 105 

Selaginella  apus 174 

Semnopithecus  obscurus 193 

Senecio  californicus 118 

coronopus 118 

Sericocarpus  linifolius 180 

Serpophagagrisea t- 97 

Sida  californica 117 

delphinifolia 117 

Sidalcea  californica 117 

delphinifolia 117 

Silene  virginica ITT 


Index. 


20*7 


Page 

Siptornis  antisiensis 99 

wyatti 99 

Smith,  Erwin  F. :  Effect  of  acid  me- 
dia on  growtk  of  certain  plant 

parasites x 

Biological  characteristics  as 

means  of  species  differentiation    xi 

—    Sugar   beets    in    New   York 

and  Michigan xix 

Solanum  carolinense 179 

Solidago  californica 118 

iiiaxoiii. l-M 

neglecta 182 

Soliva  daucifolia 118 

sessilis 118 

Sonchus  asper 121 

californicus 131 

tenerrimus 121 

tenuifolius 121 

Sphaerella  infuscans 181 

Sphaerostigma  bistorta 120 

Spiraea  salicifolia ITT 

Stejneger,  L. :  Post  Pliocene  migra- 
tions of  Siberian  mammals  into 

Europe xix 

Stemonitis  smithil 1T3 

Stephens,  F. :  New  mammals  from 

California. 153 

Sternberg.  Geo.  M. :  Effect  of  cold  on 

Magnolia  grandiflora x 

Stiles,  C.  W.:  Parasites  of  malaria.,  xix 
Parasites  that  may  be  intro- 
duced by  returning  troops xx 

Stokes.  H.  N.:  Chemical  and  biolog- 
ical properties  of  protoplasm. ..xviii 

Streptanthus  heterophyllus 119 

repandus 115 

Struthopteris  cinnamomea ti4 

regalis 63 

Stylocline  gnaphaloides 115 

Stylosiinthes  biflora 134 

hispidissima 134 

Styphonla  integrifolia 11<> 

serrata...'. IHi 

Swingle,  W.  T.:    Occurrence  of   cy- 
press knees  in  Europe xvi 

Sycalisbrowni 102 

SynaptomyR  fatuus 43 

innuitus 43 

spliagnieola 43 


Tamandua 73 

Taraxia  ovata 114 

Tarsius  tarsier Iti" 

Tatoua 2,  71 

Tatoua  centralis 4,  7 

hispida 5 

lugubris 6 

Tatu TS 

Thomomys  douglasl 21 

mazama 21 

iuelanop!!> 21 

yelnieiisls 21 

Thryophilus  cinereus 25 

Thryothorus  pallidum 29 

Thysanocarpus  crenatus 115 

laciniatus 115 

Tolman,  L.   M. :    Economic  uses  of 

cottonseed  oil xviii 

Tolypeutes 72 

Townsend,   C.   H, :    Flying  foxes  of 

South  Sea  Islands xviii 

Cruise  of  Albatross  in  South 

Sea  Islands xviii 


Page 

Tragulus  caueseens 185 

javanicus 192 

napu 18,5 

iiiubrlnus 191 

Trifolium  aciculare 116 

dubium 180 

majus 116 

poly  phy  Hum 116 

triste 116 

Troglodytes  brunneicollis 106 

iiiouticola lot) 

rufociliatus 106 

Trogon  personatus 93 

True,  F.  W.:    Newfoundland  whale 

fishery xvii 

New  name  for  Sciurus  aberti 

concolor 183 

Tsuga  canadensis 175 

Tuckermannia  maritima 121 

Tupaia  ferruginea 193 

Tursio  microps 24 

vulgaris 24 

Tursiops : 24 

Tyranniscusnigricapillus 98 

u 

Uroleptes 73 

Uropappus  grandiflorus 121 

heteroearpus 121 

Ursus  americanus 55 

amplidens 54 

.floridanus 55 

fossilis 54 

haplodon 54 

procerus 53 

Umbellularia  californica,  exhibition 
of ix 

Uvularia  grandiflora 176 

V 

Vaccinum  coustablei 182 

Vallisneria  spiralis 175 

Velaea  arguta 120 

Verbesina  occidentalis 179 

Vernonia  maxima 182 

piibesceiis 179 

Vespertilio  blossevillii 155,  165 

blythii 155 

bonariensis 165 

concinnus 154 

murinus 156 

pachyomus.™ 1R6 

serotinus 156 

Vesperugo  maxima 156 

Viola  afflnis 178 

alabaiiieiisls 169 

alsophilii 173 

aiiiorpliopliylla 129 

Carolina 169 

douglasi 130 

papilionacea 178 

prulnosa 130 

villosa 169 

Vireo  josephae 105 

Viscacia  viscaccica 167 

viscacia 184 

Vitis  cordifolia 180' 

w 

Waite,  M.  B.:    The  Great    Dismal 

Swamp X 

Effect  of  cold  on  vegetation.,    xi 


208 


The  Biological  Society  of  Washington. 


Page 
Waite,  M.  B.:  Soil  inoculation  with 

soy  beans xiv 

Michigan  peach  orchards xvi 

Abnormal  apple xix 

Ward,  Lester  F. ;  The  Great  Dismal 

Swamp X 

Fossil  forests  of  Arizona xiv 

Webber,  H.  J.:  Kecent  researches  of 

Lawson  on  Cobaea  scandens x 

Polyembryony  in  Citius  hy- 
brids   xii 

Hybridization  in  origination 

of  cultivated  plants xiv 

Compound  leaves  of -l?/yje/o7J- 

sis  tricuspidata xiii 

Necessity   for  new  term  for 

varieties  of  cultivated  plants xiv 

Bifurcation  in  irunk  of  ISa- 

bal  j)almetto xv 

Exhibition  of  aerating  roots 

of  various  plants xvi 

Exhibition  of  photograph  of 

tropical  papaw xvi 

Migration  of  vegetative  nu- 
cleus in  the  pollen  tube  of  Zamia  xvii 

Chemical  and  biological  prop- 
erties of  protoplasm xviii 

On  cotton  hybrids xviii 

White,  David:  Geology  and  physiog- 
raphy of  Dismal  Swamp x 


Page 

Wilcox,  E.  v.:    Lupines  poisonous 
to  stock xvi 

Williams,  T.  A.:    New  Lecidea  from 
Mexico xvi 

Woods.  A.  F.:    Microchemical  reac- 
tions resembling  Fungi xi 

Spot  disease  of  carnations...  xiii 

Chemical  and  biological  prop- 
erties of  protoplasm xviii 

Woodwardia  areolata 69 

virgin  ica 68 

Worcester.  DeanC.    Birds  and  mam- 
mals of  Philippines xvii 


Xenurus 71 

Xenurus  gymnurus 4 

hispidus... ^....      4 

latirostris 6 

Xyloooccus  bicolor 115 

Xylothermia  montana 116 


Ziphila  lugubris 6 

Zygodesmus  tiliaceus 180 


G    C