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PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

WASHINGTON

VOLUME 43

PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY
WASHINGTON, D. C,
1941

ACTUAL DATE OF PUBLICATION OF VOLUME 43

Number 1—pages 1-I6inclusive ...:....2.4.... Fanuary 29, 1941
Number 2—pages 17-36 inclusive .......4.... February 28, 1941
Number 3—pages 37-68 inclusive ........ . . . .March 26, 1941
Number 4—pages 69-92 inclusive ............. April 30, 1941
Number 5—pages 93-112 inclusive ............. May 27, 1941
Number 6—pages 113-144 inclusive ........2.2.. . fune 27, 1941
Number 7—pages 145-170 inclusive ........... October 30, 1941
Number 8—pages 171-190 inclusive .... . . . . . . November 29, 1941
Number 9—pages 191-228 inclusive .......... December 29, 1941
PRESS OF

H. L. & J. B. McQueen, Inc.
Wasuincton, D. C,

[ 1]

TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME 43

Anperson, WitiiaM H.: The Larva and Pupa of Cylindrocopturus fur-
nissi Buchanan (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Barber, H. S.: Some Fleabeetles Injurious to Beans in ‘rapical eae
(Genus Diphaulaca, Family Chrysomelidae) : :
Bares, Marston: Field Studies of Anopheline Mosquitoes of Albania :
Bickiey, Wixitam E.: Records of Tennessee Chrysopidae (Neuroptera)
Brake, Doris: New Species of Chaetocnema and other Chrysomelids
(Goleonten: a) from the West Indies
Bucuanan, L. L.: A New Species of Smicronyx for Sask niehenent: aha
Synonymical Notes (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Report of the Corresponding Secretary
CHAMBERLIN, RatpH W.: New Polydesmoid Dislopods Birercsstedk at
Quarantine SPONGE ee, SAA colt eh Pineean Same eee eT A OW ees
Crark, Austin H. and Letts F.: Some Early Butterfly Records from
Georgia :
CockerELL, T. D. A Correction of a Nime af an PARiCan Bee
Crawrorp, J. C.: New Isoneurothrips from New Zealand (Thysonoptera:
Thripidae) PO ah nh oma ao Se en ee ORI CN IR ly
The Genus Zonothrips in North America (Thysanoptera)
——— ——— A New Taeniothrips from Michigan (Thysanoptera)
A New Taeniothrips from Panama (Thysanoptera)
Ewine, H. E.: New North American Genera and ay of Apterygotan
Insects of the Family Japygidae : :
Fennau, R. G.: Notes on the Flatid Genus Oanenie: in eho British [eeseets
anelles and Trinidad, With descriptions of New Species (Homoptera:
Fulgoroidae) eae
Fox, Irvine: The Siphonapteran ‘Thora. :
Gauan, A. B.: Notes on Puerto Rican Species of Boloehidas (Hy peeetcta)
GreENE, Cuartes T.: A Remarkable New Species of the Genus Pseudac-
teon (Diptera: Phoridae) rt a AON ye A ee
Hoyt, Avery S., Fracker, STantey B., and Cotcorp, Mase : Lee
Abram eons :
Hutt, Frank M.: New Species of the Genus Bacena on ihe Nee World
Hys top, James A. and Grar, Joun E.: Thomas H. Jones, Obituary Notice
Kum, Henry W. and Komp, W. H. W.: Aedes (Howardina) Allotecnon,
A New Species of Aedes from Costa Rica, and a Description of the
Larva, Adult and Male Terminaliaof Aedes quadrivittatus Coq.
McConwnet, H. S.: New Species of Pseudococcidae

. 166

105

. 142

184

17
93

Litt]

iv TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME 43

McGrecor, E. A.: A New Spinning Mite Attacking Strawberries on the
Mid- Atl: antic Coast .

——— ———— The Avocado Mite Gf California. a “New Species

A New Spider Mite From Virginia ‘

Morrison, Haro.tp: A New Steatococcus from Mexico (Hemipeeta: icon

coidea) eR ew ume ierere - Tere ee
MueseEseck,C. F. W.: Two New Reared Speciesofanvetes (Hymenontee:

Braconidae) PSS ek Ares Ren ee

NeepuaM, James G.: Insects from the Seed Pods of the Primrose Willow,
Jussiaea angustifolia

Puriip, Cornetius B.: Noteson Nearcti¢Pangonimee (piers: Tabanidas)

Prircuarp, A. Eart: Annamyia, A New Genus of Asilidae, With a
Revision of the Genus Aphamartania Schiner (Diptera) .

Rees, Bryant E.: First Instar Larva of Buprestis rusticorum (Kby.) aie
Schizopus Sallei Horn, with Notes on the Classification of Schizopus

Sasrosky, Curtis W.: The Genus Ectecephala in North America (Diptera:
Chloropidae) :

Saytor, Lawrence W.: A iNew Warn Stace (Listracheles (Goleapkerst
Soirenacidee)

Stone, Aan A.: A New Sindy Of Parasimalune fares Malloch Or
tera: Simultidae) : a:

Wape, J. S. and Hystop, J. Ae Obmae, Notice: Saniuell Henshaw ;

VOL. 43 January, 1941 No. 1

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF WASHINGTON

PusiisHeD Montuiy Except Jury, Aucust AND SEPTEMBER
BY THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
WASHINGTON, D. C.

Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C,, under
Act of August 24, 1912.

Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October
3 1917, authorized July 3, 1918,

THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF WASHINGTON
Orcanizep Marcu 12, 1884.

The regular meetings of the Society are held in the National Museum on the
rirst Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 P. M.

Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are
entitled to the Proceedings and any manuscript submitted by them is given
prececlence over any submitted by non-members.

OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1941.

Honorary: President... Gta Re Ge NN oe hee eat ae L. O. Howarp
President ELI ASE SE He ane H. E. Ewine
First Vice-President 2) Pe 8 oe ae a een E. N. Cory
Second: VicePresidente tel oy Ore ee Oar ree eed, estes R. W. Harnep
Recording Secretary. 052 5 Oe ie ag game wien eee AsHLEY B. GuRNEY
Corresponding Secretaty =! 02 2 Oaphnia Reet eae F. W. Poos
TTOASUTEN oo coe BEE RO ORE OER EOE W. B. Woop
Editor 2 BES EO ee ae ee W. R. Watton

Executive Committee .C. F. W. Musseseck, R. E. Snopecrass, E. A. Back
Nominated to represent the Society as Vice-President
of the Washington Academy of Sciences ....... Austin H. Ciark

PROCEEDINGS
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON.

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

VOL. 43 JANUARY, 1941 No; 1

NOTE ON A PUERTO RICAN SPECIES OF EULOPHIDAE
(HYMENOPTERA).

By A. B. Gauwan,
Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. S. Department of Agriculture.

The following note will help to clarify the taxonomic relation-
ship of an interesting species of Eulophidae described by
Ashmead.

Ceratoneura femorata (Ashmead), new combination.
Tetrastichodes femoratus Ashm., Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., vol. 25, p. 183, 1894.

More than one hundred specimens of a species of Ceratoneura
reared by Prof. J. G. Needham from seedpods of Fussiaea
angustifolia taken at Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico, during the winter
and spring of 1940, have been examined. These have been
compared with a male specimen in the United States National
Museum collected by H. H. Smith on the island of St. Vincent,
British West Indies, which bears the label “ Tetrastichodes
femoratus Ashm., «@ Type” and which agrees with the original
description. The actual type of Ashmead’s species is believed
to be in the British Museum, but since the species was described
from a male and a female there appears to be no reason to
believe that the male specimen referred to is not the male type.
The male specimens reared by Prof. Needham seem to agree
very completely with this type specimen and the females of his
series do not differ from the description.

The species has a short but distinct abdominal petiole and
the antenna of the female has four transverse ring joints. The
fourth ring joint is no larger than the others, in which respect
it differs from other species of the genus. The antenna of the
male also differs to some extent from that of typical Ceratoneura.
This consists of a fusiform scape which has a slight swelling
on the ventral margin near apex, a pedicel nearly half as long
as the scape, three transverse ring joints, a four-jointed funicle.
and a three-jointed club. The first funicular joint is sub-
quadrate, narrower than the others, and probably is merely the
fourth ring-joint enlarged. The second funicle joint is about
one and one-half times as long as broad, while the third and

Jan 30 2

2 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 1, JAN., 1941

fourth joints are about as broad as long. The club is indis-
tinctly three-jointed, distinctly broader than the funicle, nearly
as long as the three preceding funicular joints combined, and
terminates in a short spine. None of the funicular joints is
provided with whorls of long hairs, the hairs being instead
somewhat shorter than the segments and more or less evenly
distributed.

Typical Ceratoneura has the fourth ring joint in the female
subquadrate and longer than the other three ring joints com-
bined, somewhat resembling a funicular joint. The male
antenna has three small transverse ring joints, a 5-jointed
funicle, and a 2-jointed club, each funicular joint bearing a
whorl of long hairs.

Despite these obvious differences, especially in the male
antenna, I believe the species is best placed in the genus Cera-
toneura, which is the only genus of Tetrastichinae in which the
abdomen is petiolate, so far recorded from North America.

The exact host relations of the species are not known to me.
Ceratoneura indi Girault (Descriptiones Hymenopterorum
Chalcidoidicarum Variorum cum Observationibus, V, 1917,
p. 10), according to labels on some of the specimens in the type
series, makes galls in the flowerheads of Sesbania aegyptica
although other specimens of the series are merely labeled “from
galls” on this plant. C. pretiosa Gahan (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.,
vol. 48, 1914, p. 165), as stated in the description, was reared
from galls on Mimosa at Brownsville, Tex. A label on one
specimen of the type series, however, reads ‘“‘Gall-making
Chalcidid on Mimosa, associated with Asphondylia.’ ‘These
records have been considered dubious. If actually correct,
then it is probable that femoratus is likewise a gall maker, as
Prof. Needham suspects. Not having seen the evidence in any
of these instances, | am not in a position to say whether or not
they are really gall makers.

INSECTS FROM SEED PODS OF THE PRIMROSE WILLOW,
JUSSIAEA ANGUSTIFOLIA.

By James G. NEEDHAM.

This primrose willow is a lusty annual weed that is commonly
found growing in the wet soil in the bottom or roadside ditches
in Puerto Rico. Because of its long, narrow cylindric seed pods
it is there called by the Spanish name of Yerba de clavo. During
the spring of 1940 while residing in Rio Piedras, I was attracted
by the bright yellow flowers that decorate the ditches in the
early morning, and that shed their petals in days of bright
sunshine before mid-forenoon. Thus I came to notice the
swollen condition of many of the seed pods.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 1, JAN., 1941 $)

I could find no records of any gall-makers affecting Jussiaea,
so I set about rearing the larvae of insects found in the pods.
I soon had adults of two gall-makers and three associated
parasites.

The slender seedpods of this species of Jussiaea are nearly
two inches long. They are eight-ribbed lengthwise and are
capped with the four persistent wide-spreading sepals (fig. 1).
In each of the four cells of the capsule there 1s a mushroom-
shaped axial placenta (as seen in cross-section, fig. 2) with the
minute seeds overspreading the top and sides of the mushroom
cap. These seeds are very numerous, often as many as 500 in
a single pod.

Infested pods are easily recognized by their bulging irregu-
larities of form. The galis within them are disclosed by strip-
ping away a bit of the capsule wall from one of the bulges. Two
kinds of galls may thus be found attached to the placenta: one
larger, replacing several seeds, oval in form, loose-fitting, made
by a gall-midge larva; one smaller, developed in a single seed,
spherical in form, tight-fitting, made by a gall wasp.

My studies of these were in the nature of field observations
made in the intervals between hours of teaching, with brief
opportunities for laboratory examination of the materials
collected and reared. Though incomplete, I offer them for
publication because they add something to the knowledge of the
habits of the species concerned and because none of these has
hitherto been reported from Puerto Rico.

Tue Mince GALL.

The commonest deformation of the pods is caused by the
larva of an obscure little Cecidomyiid midge, 4sphondylia rochae
Tavares.!. The signs of its work are very apparent just after
the adults emerge, for they leave their abandoned pupal skins
sticking half way out of their emergence holes, as shown in
figure 1. Often there are three zones of emergence, as shown in
that figure, with corresponding swellings. Often the infestation
is only on one side and then the pod is bent at an angle. I have
reared as many as thirty midges from a single pod.

Very young larvae are of the usual Cecidomyiid form,
slender, straight and dorsally depressed. Grown larvae appear
very different, for they are stout, bulging with fat, and bent
double like gall wasp larvae. However, their curvature is the
reverse of that of the wasp; for though bent head to tail, the
ventral side 1s outermost, next the inner wall of the gall. In that
position the ““breast bone” may be used to prod the surrounding
plant tissues, stimulating them to overgrowth. When I first

1 Kindly determined for me by Dr. E. P. Felt.

4 PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 1, JAN., 1941

found grown larvae in completed galls I did not recognize that
they were the elders of the little fellows. The youngest larvae
that I found were very minute and lay extended among the
seeds with the ventral side of the prothorax, bearing the “ breast
bone” applied to the placenta. .

I did not observe the beginning of gall development. I did
not see just how the over-growth of the plant tissue that causes
the bulging of the pods comes to inclose che larva. I found the
walls of completed galls composed of a dense brownish tissue
with a filmy white lining. Externally the tissue is greenish, and
merges gradually into the normal plant parenchyma, with
considerable swelling of the surrounding very-much-crowded
seeds.

The larva transforms to a pupa within the gall cavity with the
head end next to the wall of the pod. The head is armed with
sharp spines, as shown in figures 3 and 4. These seem well
adapted to tearing a hole for the emergence of the adult.
Backwardly directed spines on the rings of the abdomen doubt-
less assist in pushing it out through the hole.

The galls are generally placed well apart, but sometimes they
may have contiguous walls. Sometimes they are partly over-
arched at the sides by the remains of partly excavated seeds.
Apparently, this insect is an incipient gall-maker, only a little
converted from seed-devouring habits.

On a trip to Lake Tortuguero, some fifty kilometers north-
west of Rio Piedras and almost at sea level, I gathered a handful
of heavily infested pods of Fussiaea angustifolia (incidentally
I may mention that ¥. /eptocarpa, growing along side, showed
no infestation whatever) and took them back to my cages in
Rio Piedras. From them I reared many adults of Asphondylia
rochae, and two Chalcidoids that [ suppose to be its parasite:
the relatively large reddish Rileya megastigma Ashmead in great
numbers, and Callimome montserrati (Crawford), a_ single
specimen.

Tue CuHatcip GALL.

The second type of gall, the one that is developed from a
single seed, appears to be caused by the larva of Ceratoneura
femorata (Ashmead).? Galls of this type I found less generally
distributed than the one above described but often occurring
in much greater numbers in single pods, and never found singly.
They grow in compact clusters bound together by a white
webbing tissue that hardly allows their individual separation
in an uninjured condition. They are thick walled and tight-
fitting, and each single gall when grown occupies about the
space of four normal seeds. The stimulus of the gall-maker

? All determinations by A. B, Gahan.

PROC. ENT..SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 1, JAN., 1941 5

extends to the nearest neighboring seeds, causing their over-
growth and crowding. These adjacent untenanted seeds become
much enlarged but do not mature. The webbing tissue adheres
externally like cotton to the cotton seed, but merges peripherally
into ordinary green parenchyma. The individual galls are white
and remain so until about the time of pupation.

I raised no single Ceratoneura femorata in isolation, but I
give this in evidence of the correctness of the reference of the
galls to that species. I first found infested galls on the campus
of the University of Puerto Rico on February 5th. On examin-
ing them I found them to contain only this single type of gall.
Inside were pupae in all degrees of progressive coloration: some
entirely white, some white with red eyes, some white with black
eyes, and some wholly black and about ready for emergence.
I put them in a rearing cage and the next morning I had my first
adults. In a few days I had dozens of additional adults.
Nothing was seen of Asphondylia at this time nor at any time,
in galls from this collecting place. The only other insects
appearing in my cages from this material were two specimens
(male and female) of another Chalcidoid, Tetrastichus marylandi-
cus Girault.

OrHER INSECTS FROM THE SEED Pops,

Two well-known foliage destroying Chrysomelid beetles were
observed eating the seed pods: the larger and commoner one
was Homophoeta (Oedionychis) cyanipennis (Fabr.) which lays
its eggs in clusters of a dozen or more on the under side of the
leaves; and the smaller one, a flea beetle, Ha/tica occidentalis
Suftrain, which lays its eggs by twos and threes at the end of the
pods, close up in the angle underneath the base of the divergent

sepals. Some of the latter, emerging in one of my cages, made
a first meal by eating holes in soft spots in the wall of the pod.

6 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 1, JAN., 1941

Two sucking insects of small importance were occasionally
found feeding on the pods: an aphid of which only very im-
mature individuals were seen, and a Lecanium (°?) scale.

EXPLANATION TO THE FIGURE.

At / is shown a single seed pod of Fussiaea angustifolia (X 2) with three zones
of infestation and three corresponding swellings, and with empty pupal skins of
Asphondylia rochae sticking out of the emergence holes. At 2, a cross-section
of a pod (diagrammatic), its two upper cells infested, the one on the left by
Asphondylia rochae, the one on the right by Ceratoneura femorata: webbing
tissue omitted from both. At 3 and 4, two views of the front end of the Asphon-
dylia pupa. At 5 and 6, two views of the Asphondylia larva: at 5 uprolled,
head and tail meeting, and the four-toothed “breast bone”’ pointing downward;
at 6, in lateral view, body extended. (Drawings by Dr. May K. Gyger.)

THE SIPHONAPTERAN THORAX.
By Irvine Fox.

A study of descriptions of nearly all the known species and
genera of North American fleas has made evident the confusion
of describers in regard to the thorax. Although nearly every
worker has been at pains to describe the thoracic sclerites, which
are of significance in both generic and specific delineation, there
is available no adequate morphological treatment with the
result that inappropriate and erroneous terms have come into
general usage. This paper is therefore written with the aim of
providing a terminology in keeping with modern interpretations
of the sclerites as well as doing service towards comprehension
of the flea thorax. To contribute towards this end, some of the
various conditions found among the North American genera,
with the exception of the members of the family Hectopsyllidae,
are illustrated and discussed.

One of the largest fleas occurring in our fauna is Stenoponia
americana (Baker), hence it is particularly desirable for mor-
phological investigation. Since its sclerites are arranged in a
fashion more or less common to most fleas, it 1s considered to be
representative of the usual type (Fig. 4). Variation from this
type most often involves fusion and loss of some of the sclerites
but sometimes vestiges of other sclerites are present and these
give some clue to the lines of development.

THe PrRoTHoRAx.

Pronotum.—The flea notum is not regarded as being divided
into a scutum and a scutellum, although two distinct areas may
be readily discerned. The latter of these areas is considered to
be a flange or posterior reduplication rather than a scutellum.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 1, JAN., 1941 7

The flange of the pronotum is present or absent depending upon
whether or not the flea has a pronotal comb. When the
pronotal comb 1s absent, as in Pulex or Xenopsylla, the flange is
present; but when the pronotal comb is present, as in most
genera, the flange is absent, its place being assumed by the
comb. The spines of the comb vary in number, size, shape and
pigmentation among different groups, as is shown in Figs. 2,
Spetcs DG:

Propleuron.—The propleuron exhibits considerable modi-
fication both in shape and position. The ventral portion of the
pleuron has moved forward carrying with it the coxa which is
articulated at the pleural suture (Figs. 2, 3, etc. psi, cx).
The pleural suture, therefore, occupies an oblique position or
even a horizontal one. The proepisternum is very much
reduced or entirely absent, exhibiting different degrees of
reduction among the different genera. Thus in the bat flea
genera Sternopsylla, Myodopsylla and Eptescopsylla (Fig. 9,
esi), the proepisternum is manifest but in a reduced condition,
while in Stenoponia (Fig. 4) and many other genera it seems to
be wholly absent. The proepimeron is epee bly well developed
and forms most of the propleuron (Figs. 2, 3, etc., em:).

It has been customary on the part of some writers of larger
taxonomic works, who have followed C. Fox (1929, p. 113), to
call the proepimeron the prosternum. This is a label hardly
in keeping with a modern interpretation, particularly in view of
the fact that the true prosternum is well developed and assumes
its proper ventral position (Fig. 1). It is visible, however, only
in specimens whose ventral aspect may be studied, such as
those examined in alcohol under a dissecting microscope, and
is almost completely hidden from view when the specimen is
mounted on a glass slide. The movement anteriorly of the
lower portion of the propleuron has occasioned a curious
shifting of the prosternum so that it is fused to the lateral aspect
of the proepimeron.

Prosternum.—The sternum of the prothorax assumes relatively
large dimensions, not being reduced as is the case in the meso-,
and meta-thorax. It is formed by the fused basisternum and
sternellum, the latter structure apparently being more or less
telescoped into the former (Fig. 1, bs, fs). The base of the
furca forms a median longitudinal ridge in the sternellar region
which is easily seen as a dark discoloration on the outside. The
furca of the prosternum is large and prominent and has the
shape shown in Fig. 1, fu: and Fig. 5, fur. The prosternum of a
flea has also been figured by Crampton (1926, Pl. XVII, Fig.
1S)

Tue MeEsorTHorax.

Mesonotum.—The notum of the mesothorax, as in the case of
the other nota, consists of two areas of which the posterior is the

8 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 1, JAN., 1941

flange or reduplication. ‘The mesonotum is closely associated
with the mesepimeron, and in some cases seems to be in a
condition approximating fusion with it. The mesonotum is
without a comb of spines in all the fleas examined.

Mesopleuron.—In nearly all cases the mesopleuron is divided
by a pleural ridge and suture into episternal and epimeral
regions (Fig. 4, emz, es»). In the genera Pulex, Corypsylla
(Fig. 2) and Corypsylloides (Fig. 8) the pleural suture and ridge
are absent. The posterior region of the mesepimeron is much
thinner than the anterior and may possibly form another
sclerite (Fig. 4, pem.), but since the line of separation between
the two areas is not very prominent, it seems hardly necessary
to name the posterior one. An apodeme is present on each side
between the two areas (Figs. 2, 3, etc. ap).

The region anterior to the pleural suture seems to have been
formed by the fusion of the mesepisternum with a sclerite of the
mesosternum. How this fusion has taken place is perhaps
shown by various members of the Ischnopsyllidae which exhibit
a ridge between the two sclerites (Fig. 9, esa, Is). In Myodo-
psylla and Rhinolophopsylla this sclerotized ridge is quite
distinct, but in Sternopsylla and Eptescopsylla it is vague and
indefinite. Since no such sclerotized ridge is shown in most
genera, the use of the term mesepisternum for the region anterior
to the pleural suture is unlikely to lead to confusion (Fig. 4,
es.). In the case of the family Ischnopsyllidae, whose members
possess indication at least of another sclerite, the term Jatero-
sternite (Hig. 9, ls) may be used to designate it.

The mesopleuron has been called the mesosternite by a
number of workers who have followed C. Fox in the use of
terminology (Liu, 1939, p. 10, I. Fox, 1940, Pl. I, etc.). Although
a portion of the sternum seems to have become fused with the
pleuron, the use of the term mesosternite for the pleuron or a
part thereof is inadvisable because of the presence of a portion
of the sternum in its ventral position which, with more justi-
fication, can be called the mesosternite (Figs. 2, 3, etc. msy).

Mesosternum.—The portion of the mesosternum remaining
in a ventral position is greatly reduced, and offers Jittle indication
as to what sclerite of the sternum is involved. Hence the term
mesosternite is here used to designate it. Crampton (1931,
Fig. 1) has indicated, however, that this region is the basister-
num. The furcal arms, which are readily seen in the dissected
specimens, are closely associated basally and distally but are
separated in the middle region (Fig. 6). When seen laterally,
the apical portion of the furca has very much the shape of an
ax-head being expanded and more or less blade-like.

THe METATHORAX.

Metanotum.—As in the case of the other segments, the

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO, 1, JAN., 1941 9

metanotum is divided into two areas of which the posterior is a
flange or reduplication associated with the metepimeron.

Metapleuron.—A pleural suture dividing the metapleuron
into an epimeral and an episternal region is nearly always
present. In the genera Corypsylla (Fig. 2, pss) and Cory-
psylloides (Fig. 8) the pleural suture is vague and incompleet.
As in the case of the mesepimeron, the posterior region of the
metepimeron (Fig. 4, pem;) is much thinner than the anterior
region, but there is no apodeme between the two areas. The
metepimeron is closely associated with the metanotum and in
Rectofrontia (Fig. 7) is fused with it. The outline of the posterior
margin of the metepimeron differs among the different genera,
but because of its thinness and the ease with which it is injured
in preparation, its use in taxonomy is limited.

The episternum of the metathorax is in most cases divided
into a supraepisternum and an infraepisternum (Fig. 4, ses, ies).
The supraepisternum varies in size and prominence being
conspicuous in some cases (Recfofrontia, Fig. 7, ses) or vague
and reduced in others (Corypsylla, Fig. 2, ses). In some
instances, as in Micropsylla (Fig. 3, ses), the supraepisternum
is fused with the metanotum, while in other instances, as in
Hoplopsyllus, it shows the beginning of fusion with the in-
fraepisternum.

Metasternum.—The portion of the metasternum remaining
ventral is much reduced, its vestiges varying in size and shape.
This region may be appropriately designated the metasternite
(Figs. 2, 3, etc. mss). The furcal arms are much shorter than
is the case in the pro- and mesosterna and together are somewhat
in the shape of the letter ““H.”

SUMMARY.

1. The pro-, meso-, and metanota each is not regarded as
being divided into a scutum and scutellum. However, two
areas are discernible and of these the posterior is considered to
be a flange or reduplication. In most cases, only the pronotum
is provided with a comb of spines.

2. A pleural suture dividing the pleuron into episternal and
epimeral regions is nearly always present on all the pleura.
The ventra] portion of the propleuron has moved anteriorly
so that the pleural suture is oblique or horizontal. The pro-
episternum is greatly reduced and the proepimeron makes up
most of the propleuron. The metepisternum is divided into a
supra-, and infraepisternum, and the latter structure varies
in size and shape.

3. The prosternum is well developed and consiscs of the fused
basisternum and sternellum. The meso-, and metasterna
are vestigial and the sclerites remaining may be designated the
mesosternite and the metasternite.

10 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 1, JAN., 1941

LirERATURE CITED.

Crampton, G. C.

1926. A comparison of the neck and prothoracic sclerites throughout the
orders of insects from the standpoint of phylogeny. Amer. Ent. Soc.
Trans. 52 : 199-248, illus.

1931. A phylogenetic study of the posterior metathoracic and basal abdominal
structures of insects, with particular reference to the holometabola. N. Y.
Ent. Soc. Jour. 39 : 323-356, illus.

Fox, CarrRoLt.
1925. Insects and disease of man. 349 pp., illus., Philadelphia, Pa.
Fox, Irvine.

1940. Fleas of eastern United States. 200 pp., illus. Ames, Iowa.

ib KEMING

1939. The Fleas of China. Philippine Jour. Sci. 70 : 1-122, illus.

ABBREVIATIONS.

The subscript 1, 2, or 3, denotes that the structure belongs to the pro-, meso-,
or metathorax.

CL) sre Roan cnte ec ea apodeme

bee ore seek acme basisternum

Cx eee res eras coxa

EIT ee ae epimeron

See rate See eed episternum

fo eee. Lo koalss 3 bee sternellum

Ni gases sen ee ries furca

ESI Se infraepisternum
Ghats cere tc AO laterosternite
1S oe se eee mesosternite

is: cee eee Se notum

|B, ogee a Re dee ore aac pronotal comb
De Mes eee eee posterior region of the epimeron
| 0) ae ae Ae pleural ridge
DSi2:cch eee pleural suture
SCS:2. fe eee supraepisternum

EXPLANATION OF PLATE.

Fig. 1. Stenoponia americana (Baker), prosternum, ventral view.
Fig. 2. Corypsylla ornata (C. Fox), female, thorax.

Fig. 3. Micropsylla sectilis (Jordan and Rothschild), thorax.
Fig. 4. Stenoponia americana (Baker), thorax.

Fig. 5. Idem, prosternum, posterior view.

Fig. 6. Idem, mesosternum, ventral view.

Fig. 7. Rectofrontia fraterna (Baker), thorax.

Fig. 8. Corypsylloides kohlsi (Hub), thorax.

Fig. 9. Eptescopsylla chapini (Jordan), thorax.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43 PLATE 1

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 1, JAN., 1941

REPORT OF THE TREASURER FOR THE YEAR 1940.

RECEIPTS.
Gashonihand (Janel, 1940) ss ee ee ee $7.64
Brona members, dues for 1940 20) 23 ee Ve wee 503.50
dues invadviance.\ > er eee ers 23.83
backsd esses ee ee Ie Bn 106.15
INTt A tlON LCeS ee eee ke oe ere 17.00
From subscribers, for subscription to Proceedings...........--.-... 359.34
fonentitercostiol articles === aa 16.25
From authors, for separate and authors’ copies............-.-.-------------------- 82.50
for part or entire cost of articles. 89.32
fondllustrations:. 02-22 ee aie een eee as SSI!
From institutions, for author’s separates.......--.----.----------eeeee 19525
From sale of back numbers of Proceedings... ene 230.85
Motalere cepts ee eet ee $1,467.14
EXPENDITURES.

To H. L. & J. B. McQueen, Inc., for printing Proceedings (Nos. 1-8,
vol#42)\vanaysepanatess: 2 -. ci e-nc mre meee ae ona ee eee $917.66

To H. L. & J. B. McQueen, Inc., for printing programs of meetings
(GOmehetorsil4 chestniclisi.v.c) eee eee ee eee 22.00
To Southern Engraving Company, for engravings... 94.32
Hors tatione ye eee se eee SSR Aer ar Oe ME 19.05
IH TAS evar) Seer eee tea ee ee 37.20

For shipping charges, including express, second-class postage and
PACKING EXPENSES ae eee See 14.85
For clerical help, Office Corresponding Secretary. 60.00
Foriclericalhelp, Office, ofithe Treasurer“) ee 24.00
For rental of safe.deposit box at City Bank. 39. 2 ee 3.85
For advertising in Journal of Economic Entomology...............--..... 16.00
Miscellanecousiexpense see seas eae een 20.40
$1,229.33
Stamps on hand received in lieu of cash in 1940_....00 205
Cash on hand, Hamilton National Bank) oe eee 212.93
Cashronthand) hunde posited sms ae ee 22.63
$1,467.14
Outstandingiobligations= ee eee a ent eee oe 141.84

PusiicatTion Funp.

Schwarz donation (principal $1,000.00) invested with the American
Building Association—reported 1939... $1,414.76
Dividend for 1939, credited 1940... 62.76

Totalin Schwarz donationiund... == $1,477.52

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 1, JAN., 1941 13

Knab bequest, invested with the Columbia Federal Savings and

Moan Association reported 1939.2 = $306.94
aR OOS Ketel U Oe eee ee 300.00
interest (Dec. 31st dividend not included)... 11.30
covered by personal non-interest bearing note_......... 800.00
TotalanskKnabjbequestdtund. 2 2 See ee ene eS te $1,418.24
General publication fund in savings account at the Hamilton
National’ Banksjianuany, [E940 370.03
from salerof complete Setsee. soe tee ree ee 187.20
from sale of No. 1 of Memoirs........-........---.-- ay Sie 74.85
interest from! Savings accounts <2 es 8.94
Totalin.general publication fund.— = $641.02
‘otalamount ofpublication fund2 == 2-2 $3,536.78
Respectfully submitted,
W. B. Woop,
Treasurer.

The Committee on Audit has examined the Treasurer’s financial accounts
and found them correct for the year 1940.
Respectfully submitted, January 14, 1941.
P. W. Oman,
FLoyp ANDRE,
Auditing Committee.

REPORT OF THE CORRESPONDING SECRETARY OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON FOR
THE YEAR ENDING NOVEMBER 30, 1940.

A Trisute To Mr. CarrFrey:

In June the Society suffered a distinct loss by the transfer of Mr. D. J. Caffrey
from Washington, D. C., to Twin Falls, Idaho. Many members are somewhat
familiar with various detailed duties attached to the office of Corresponding
Secretary, but probably few realize how painstakingly and how efficiently
Mr. Caffrey performed these duties for three and one-half years. May we give
credit to whom much credit is due!

CoRRESPONDENCE:

Approximately 425 letters and other communications have been handled.
(These include about 225 advertising letters to prospects in the United States
and Canada.)

RESERVE PUBLICATIONS:

Statement of the inventory and sales of Proceedings and Reprints:

14 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 1, JAN., 1941

PROCEEDINGS.
1. Copies of Proceedings on hand December, 1939... --.----------= 30,972
2. Copies of Proceedings acquired Dec. 1939—Nov. 1940, incl... 409
3. Copies of Proceedings available (total of 1 and 2)... 31,381
4. Copies of Proceedings sold during the year._.........-----------pe- ee 1,343
5: Gopies of Proceedings on hand)... x2 ee 30,038
REPRINTS.
j. ‘Reprinted articles'on‘ hand December, 1940)2 == a eee 471
2. Total copies reprints reported on hand December, 1939_._....._.-.... 13,810
3. Copies of reprints sold:during the.yeat = essere eee at ee 20
4-- Copies Of feprim sion ian G ee eee, cee ee eee ee ee 13,790
SALES OF PROCEEDINGS AND RESERVE REPRINTS.
Le Eotalmumber ot;sales.:-25 2.2) Sv peer ae, ene ee eee eee 34
2. Total number of complete sets sold._............... Sites ee egs ee Pee 3
3. Additional orders exceeding $20.00 net value..._.......-.-.--.-------------------- 2
Ae cLotalinetavalucofsalesi-.< use meen een enact ee eee eee ees $503.15
Report on Memoir No. 1.
1’; Lotalcopies:of/ Memoir No: Is primtedicves. ere eee 300
2. Total ‘copies of Memoir No, 1 disposed of in 193952 66
3. otal copies of Memoir No. 1 soldin 1940225 20
a Motalicopies.on Memoir Noss ont harclaeesee ener 214

MEMBERS AND SUBSCRIBERS:
Compared to preceding year
1937 1938 1939 1940 Loss Gain Net loss or gain
Members 210-240 242, 47 162 21 plus 5
Subscribers 120 124 128 1348 6 plus 6

Respectfully submitted,
F. W. Poos,
Corresponding Secretary.

_ 1} Includes 16 members, in arrears for dues, to whom the Society’s periodical
is not being sent in accordance with Article VI of the By-laws.

* Three deaths; 11 resignations; two individuals listed as members were
subscribers.

’Includes subscribers in nine foreign countries, whose copies are being held
on account of war conditions.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 1, JAN., 1941 15

BOOK REVIEWS.

Plant Galls and Gall Makers, by Ephraim Porter Felt, D. Sc., pp. 364,
text figs. 344, plates 41, Comstock Publishing Company, Ithaca, N. Y.,
1940, octavo, cloth, $4.00.

The chief function of this book is to furnish a means of identification for most
of the numerous kinds of plant galls found in North America. An account is
given of the relations existing between the gall producers and their plant hosts.
This work is an extended revision, with much additional matter, of the author’s
“Key to American Insect Galls,” published as New York State Bulletin No.
200, in 1917. It contains many more illustrations, however, as well as keys to
the groups discussed.

Part 1 consists of an Introduction comprising a discussion of Galls and Gall
Types, The Principal Gall Producers, Injurious Gall Insects, Certain Galls
Have Value, Honey Producing Galls, How Galls Are Produced, Biology or Lfe
Habits of Gall Producers, Alternation of Generations, etc.

Part 2 consists of ““A Key to the Galls of Various Plant Families,” some 300
pages being devoted to this purpose. A Bibliography and Index occupy the
remaining 25 pages. The format is excellent and the volume is substantially
bound in blue buckram.

This work should prove especially valuable to all those interested in the
identification of American insect galls. —W. R. Watton.

Fleas of The Eastern United States, by Irving Fox, pp. text 127, plates
31, The Iowa State College Press, 1940, octavo, cloth, $3.00 postpaid.

This authoritative monograph on the Fleas of the Eastern United States is
the first separate publication of its kind since the appearance of C. F. Baker’s
Revision of the Siphonaptera in 1904. Since that time, many new species of
fleas have been described and in this book the author has assembled and co-
ordinated the information regarding these, that was formerly scattered through-
out the literature of the order.

In addition to the results of his own research, Mr. Fox has made good use of
the collections deposited in the United States National Museum to which he
has had access for more than 3 years past. The product of his labors is a
volume which should enable entomological and medical workers to identify
readily and quickly any species of fleas now known to occur in the Eastern United
States.

The work contains descriptions of 55 species, in 33 genera belonging to 5
families of the Siphonaptera. A total of 166 figures, averages 3 for each species
of flea treatea. The known distribution and hosts, and locality of occurrence
are also given for each species.

Keys are furnished to the suborders of the Siphonaptera; to the families
Integricipitia and Fracticipita and to the genera of the 5 families included.
Convenient features are host and synonymic indices and a selected bibliography.

There are also included brief chapters on the collection and preservation of
fleas and the life history and control thereof.

Since these insects are known to transmit both bubonic plague and endemic
typhus fever and are also suspected of being implicated in the spread of other
diseases of man, it should prove especially timely and useful. In view of the
present miiltary activities and concentration of soldiers in many cantonments
throughout the country, this work with its synopses and abundant illustrative
material doubtless will prove especially valuable to the army medical personnel
and sanitary officers. —W. R. Watron.

16 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 1, JAN., 1941

MINUTES OF THE 514TH REGULAR MEETING OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
DECEMBER 5, 1940.

The 514th meeting of the Society was held December 5, 1940, in Room 43
of the National Museum. President Muesebeck called the meeting to order
at 8 p. M., and 36 members and 12 visitors were present. The minutes of the
November meeting were read and approved.

The Corresponding Secretary, F. W. Poos, submitted a report, to November
30, 1940. A preliminary report was given by the Treasurer, W. B. Wood, and
both reports were accepted.

The President remarked upon the financial condition of the Society, calling
attention to the considerable funds owed to the Society which need to be paid
in order to insure the prompt publication of the Proceedings.

The Nominating Committee, comprised of Carl Heinrich, B. A. Porter and
J. A. Hyslop, submitted the following nominations for 1941:

VEL OGG 1 eee eet A Bah eg er os SE H. E. Ewine
WEG SEOV ACES PU OSHACIT ae en ee ee E. N. Cory
WARES WARP EL ROSH NG Dc R. W. Harnep
URECOTAIN GAS CCT CLAN er... ee ee ee AsHLEY B. GurRNEY
Corresponding Sccnclary eee F. W. Poos
LNCS UT CT eee Pe nee Se ae a W. B. Woop
ICTY OT Mate d Strats ene Sees er Fee ee ed Sa W. R. Watron
lEimequisveiGommitices =e es C. F. W. MuesEBEcK
To represent the Society as Vice-President of the

Washington Academy of Sciences... Austin H. Criarxk

At the motion of R. A. Cushman, seconded by R. E. Snodgrass, the nominees
were unanimously elected.

R. A. Cushman presented a memorial statement, prepared by Louise M.
Russell and himself, respecting a late member of the Society, Grace A. Sandhouse
(See Proceedings, December, 1940). .

Under Notes and Exhibition of Specimens, W. A. Hoffman, a non-resident
member from Puerto Rico, briefly discussed an hermaproditic ceratopogonid
fly, Culicoides crepuscularis Mall., which he had collected in Montana. R. E.
Snodgrass noted that recent study of the mouth parts of the honey bee had
shown that the structures of this well-known insect are not fully understood.
Mr. Muesebeck gave a short account of his visit to Urbana, IIl., to attend the
dedication, November 15, of the new Natural Resources Building on the campus
of the University of Illinois.

There were two talks on the regular program, by members of the Bureau of
Entomology and Plant Quarantine:

1. Notes on parasitic beetles. H. S. Barber.

2. Resistance of honey bees to disease. J. I. Hambleton.

Discussion followed by Annand and Hoffman.

Mr. Muesebeck commented upon the progress of the Society in 1940, and
expressed his appreciation to the members for enabling him to enjoy his duties
as President during the year now drawing to a close.

Adjournment at 10.05 p. M.
ASHLEY B. GuRNEy,

Recording Secretary.

Actual date of publication, Fanuary 29, 1941.

ANNOUNCEMENT

Prices for back volumes and single numbers of the Proceedings of the Ento-
mological Society of Washington are as follows until further notice:

Vols) “0-19; per volume: See er $2.00
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et tra ii bere. eee ree Sees Be a 0
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These include Nos. 2-3 of Vol. 7; Nos. 1-2 and 3-4 of Vol. 8;
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Note: Nos. 1-4 of Vol. 9 and Nos. 1-4 of Vol. 19 (each of
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A classified list of available separates of articles which have appeared in the
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A 20 PERCENT DISCOUNT WILL BE MADE TO MEMBERS
AND SUBSCRIBERS ON ORDERS OF $10.00 OR OVER.

Domestic shipments prepaid, foreign shipments f. o. b. Washington.

A new book “The North American Bees of the Genus Osmia” by Grace A.
Sandhouse, issued as Memoir Number 1 of the Society, is now available.

Postpaid to non-members and institutions.................-.. $3.00
@o members Of the. SOCIETY 26. cies ee Ss oe $2.50

This is a revisionary study of the genus Osmia with keys for identification
descriptions and distribution records for known N. American species.

(Make checks, drafts, etc. payable to the Entomological Society of Washington.)

F. W. POOS,
Corresponding Secretary,
Address: Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine,
Washington, D.C.

GAHAN, A. B.—NOTE ON A PUERTO RICAN

OPTERA: tial) shir eee

NEEDHAM, JAMES G.—INSECTS FROM SEE
WILLOW, JUSSIAEA ANGUSTIFOLIA . .
REPORT OF THE TREASURER

r egestas
REPORT OF THE CORRESPONDI

VOL. 43 February, 1941 No. 2

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF WASHINGTON

Pus.iisHeD Montuiy Except Jury, Aucust AND SEPTEMBER
BY THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
WASHINGTON, D. C.

Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., under
Act of August 24, 1912,

Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October
3 1917, authorized July 3, 1918.

THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF WASHINGTON

OrcanizeD Marcu 12, 1884.

The regular meetings of the Society are held in the National Museum on the
tirst Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 Pp. M.

Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are
entitled to the Proceedings and any manuscript submitted by them is given
precedence over any submitted by non-members.

OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1941.

Honorary President 2. SIGE g Nese he eels See Sareea eave ete o L. O. Howarp
President. eg RI ENE Be a NOAA eit an geo Na ae ete H. E. Ewine
First V40e2 Presta ent 2226 OM aN DR AE TL, Pe E. N. Cory
Second V iC eaPresidene A ee oan a Nae R. W. Harnep
Recording Secretary 20) (0% 2. 8 wabeteiame Signa ena iee aE yen AsHLEY B. GurNEY
Corresponding Secretary. 5 RG Rye) ECA LR ce aetna F. W. Poos
TEGSUPER CF EEE SAR ATT LCN Lae NEST KE ea pO W. B: Woop
EGIHOP EE OO RO LTE ge BROS ED SBE, SURE Te W. R. Watton

Executive Committee .C. F. W. Mueseseck, R. E. Snoperass, E. A. Back
Nominated to represent the Society as Vice-President
of the Washington Academy of Sciences ....... Austin H. Crark

PROCEEDINGS
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON.

Published monthly, except July, August and September, by the Society at
Washington, D. C. Terms of subscription: Domestic, $4.00 per annum;
foreign, $4.25 per annum; recent single numbers, 50 cents, foreign postage
extra. All subscriptions are payable in advance. Remittances should be made
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

VOL. -43 FEBRUARY, 1941 Now 2

AEDES (HOWARDINA) ALLOTECNON, A NEW SPECIES OF
AEDES FROM COSTA RICA, AND A DESCRIPTION OF
THE LARVA, ADULT, AND MALE TERMINALIA
OF AEDES QUADRIVITTATUS COQ.!

By Henry W. Kumm anp W. H. W. Komp.

During the course of a mosquito survey of Costa Rica, the
senior author collected 4edes larvae from bromeliads in several
localities at high altitudes. Adults were obtained from these
larvae, and it was noted that although the imagos were nearly
identical, the larvae from which they were reared were of two
quite different kinds. Further search in similar locations
resulted in obtaining a good series of both kinds of larvae, and
of adults reared from them. Because of the very distinct larval
differences, undoubtedly two species are present, the larvae of
which may occur in the same bromeliad. The adults resemble
each other closely, conforming to the description by Coquillett
(1) and that given by Howard, Dyar, and Knab (2) for Aedes
(Howardina) quadrivittatus. Slight differences in the mesonotal
pattern of golden-scaled lines are present in the adults of the two
species, but insufficient material is in hand to permit a state-
ment as to the range of variation in this pattern.

The junior author examined the material in his collection from
Panama, and found that he had collected from a bromeliad on
the slopes of Chiriqui volcano in northern Panama a perfect
larva of the type also obtained from bromeliads in Costa Rica,
which has all the head-hairs in multiple tufts. He also had two
males, and a number of females, all in poor condition and with
the mesonotum badly rubbed. In addition he had one male and
six females taken by Mr. Graham Fairchild at Finca Lerida,
near Boquete, Panama, on the other side of the Chiriqui volcano
from the locality in which he took his material. Unfortunately,
the mesonotum is denuded in every specimen taken by Mr.
Fairchild, so it is impossible to make out the markings.

1 The studies and observations on which this paper is based were conducted
with the support and under the auspices of the International Health Division
of The Rockefeller Foundation, the United States Public Health Service, and
the Gorgas Memorial Laboratory.

asf f ‘9 4 10¢ Je

18 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 2, FEB., 1941

The male terminalia of all the male specimens of the two
species were dissected and mounted, and very few differences
were noted in them. One of the males from Chiriqui Volcano
had two long setae from the claspette, while all the other
specimens, whether from Panama or Costa Rica, had but one
seta in this position.

Slight but apparently inconstant differences in the mesosome
of the male terminalia of the two species were noted. In males
obtained from the larvae from Costa Rica, with single posterior
head-hairs, the apex of the mesosome curved forward in the form
of two slightly projecting horns. In one of the males of the other
species with all the head-hairs multiple, the apex of the meso-
some did not have these forward-projecting horns. There were
no constant differences in the length of the terminal spine of the
clasper, or in the arrangement of the setae on the lobes of the
ninth tergites, in either species.

Coquillett described dedes quadrivittatus from females taken
at Chacula, Guatemala. Neither males nor associated larvae
were obtained. As it is apparently impossible to distinguish
with absolute certainty the two sorts of female adults obtained
from very different kinds of larvae by the senior author, the
question arises as to which species is the true quadrivittatus
of Coquillett. It is doubted whether collecting in the type
locality would settle the problem, as both species have been
found as larvae in the same bromeliad in Costa Rica. By the
principle of the first reviser, we propose to restrict the name
quadrivittatus Coquillett to the species in which the larva has
multiple head-hairs, and other larval characters as described
under that name in the present paper. The other species will be
described as new, under the name Aedes (Howardina) allotecnon,
new species. In this the larval head-hairs are not in multiple
tufts.

Aedes (Howardina) allotecnon, new species.
AvuLT FEMALE.

Proboscis moderate, uniform, black. Palpi about one-sixth the length of the
proboscis, black, with white tips. Clypeus brown, nude. Occiput with narrow
median pale-golden line; on each side a narrow black line, a wider white line,
and a black line; cheeks whitish.

Mesonotum with integument dark, clothed with narrow curved brown scales;
four narrow, uniform, golden lines on dorsum, extending from anterior margin to
scutellum; a small golden spot beneath anterior promontory. Lateral margins
of mesonotum golden-scaled, giving appearance of six golden lines on meso-
notum. Scutellum with golden scales on middle lobe, long brown setae on outer
lobes. Pleura brownish, with patches of white scales on prothoracic lobes;
paratergites (just posterior to spiracle); proepisternum; lower margin on anterior
pronotum; lower and upper margins of sternopleuron; just anterior to prealar

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 2, FEB., 1941 19

setae; diagonally across middle of mesepimeron; and before upper mesepimeral
setae.

Abdomen: Clothed with flat black scales; lateral basal segmental silvery-white
spots on segments, apices with long brown setae.

Legs: Fore-legs dark brown, a very small basal white spot on Ist tarsal
segment. Mid-legs dark brown; mid-femur with a white spot on outer two-
thirds; extreme apex white. Mid-tibia dark brown.

Mid-tarsi black, with narrow white rings on bases of Ist and 2d segments;
3d and 4th segments black. Sometimes the ring on 2d segment is obsolete.

Hind-femur basally half white, remainder dark brown; a small white spot on
outer three-fourths; apex narrowly white. Hind tibia dark brown.

Hind tarsi black, with narrow white rings at bases of Ist, 2d and 3d segments,
widest on third; 4th and 5th segments black. Claws on all feet simple.

Wings narrow, hyaline, with narrow brown scales.

Male palpi: About as long as proboscis, slender, nearly uniform, pointed;
dark brown, with white rings on under side of base of terminal segment, on under
side of base of penultimate segment, and a few white scales at junction of 2d
and 3d segments.

DESCRIPTION OF MALE TERMINALIA OF Aedes allotecnon, n. sp.

Side-pieces (coxite) long, tapering, conical, without apical or basal lobe.
Claspette a triangular area clothed with a few fine hairs and some larger setae,
and having a single (sometimes two) long, slender, tapering spine arising from
the apex, and extending to the apical third of the side-piece. Outer aspect of
side-piece clothed with dense truncate scales and long, projecting setae.

Clasper long, tapering, abruptly curved inward just before tip; one long seta
inserted on outer aspect of clasper just before curve; terminal spine long, slender,
curved, slightly tapering.

Mesosome short, somewhat cylindrical, the anterior face deeply excavate
from apex and from base, forming a relatively narrow anterior bridge. Posterior
face deeply excavate from apex almost to base, forming a very narrow lower
bridge. Tips of mesosome produced anteriorly to form short forward-projecting
horns.

Ninth tergites large, quadrate, somewhat rugose, the eminences from which
the setae arise close together, chitinized; five or six long setae from apical
margin, sometimes one or two lateral setae arising from membrane, which is
covered with small microtrichia in irregular rows.

Tenth sternites moderate, with thickened apex forming a curved tooth.

Tenth tergites membranous, with three or four small setae from small tubercles
below apex.

DESCRIPTION OF LARVA OF Aedes (Howardina) allotecnon, n. sp.

Head: Subglobose, the dorsum highly arched, dome-shaped. Preclypeal
spines very long, strong, heavily infuscated. Anterior head-hairs long, strong,
double; middle head-hairs nearly as long as anterior hairs, fine, in tufts of 4 or 5.
Posterior head-hairs single, finer than the anterior hairs, and nearly twice as
long. Anteantennal hairs fine, double or triple, and longer than the antennae.

20 proc. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 2, FEB., 1941

Inner occipital hairs long, fine, simple. Outer occipital hairs set somewhat
posterior to inner hairs, long, fine, double or triple. Dorsal eye-hairs long,
simple. Subantennal (or possibly the postmandibular) hairs multiple, consisting
of a tuft of about 12 long, stiff, blunt-pointed hairs.

Antenna moderate, tapering, the shaft sparsely spined. Antennal tuft 2- or
3-haired, on dorso-internal aspect, inserted slightly beyond middle, the tips of
the hairs scarcely exceeding apex of antenna.

Thorax: integument glabrous, clothed with numerous short, multiple, stellate
hair-tufts.

Abdomen: Integument glabrous, except for short, fine pilosity on seventh and
eighth segments, sometimes present also on sixth segment. Lateral hairs on
segment 2 triple, double on segments 3 to 6. Comb of eighth segment of about
15 long, slender scales, set close together in a slightly curved row. Each scale
elongate, thorn-shaped, sharp-pointed, the sides very finely fringed almost to
the tip.

Siphon moderate, tapering, slightly less than 4 times as long as width at base.
Pecten a row of about 17 to 20 closely-spaced teeth, extending beyond middle
of siphon. Each tooth long, usually with one or two short lateral barbs basally.
Teeth progressively larger toward apex of siphon. Siphon-tuft beyond pecten,
double or triple, long, the tips of the hairs extending to the apex of the siphon.

Anal segment not ringed by the plate. Posterior lateral and dorsal margins
fringed with long, curved spines. Lateral hair of the plate long, double or triple,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 2, FEB., 1941 on
sometimes quadruple. Inner caudal hair long, exceeding the length of the outer-
caudal hairs, usually double, sometimes split nearly from base, sometimes split
beyond middle. Outer caudal hair a tuft of long hairs. Anal gills long, pointed.

Type locality—Poas Volcano, Costa Rica. Altitude about
9,000 ft.

/ bs Ges

LNW.)
PL] INN

SY
fs [R \ S . Sf ff
(aI H) if SS LY

aah BY 4
LY }

Type material—3 males, bred from larvae found in epiphytic
bromeliads. The male terminalia of each mounted in balsam on
modified Cobb slide. Nos. 156, 156—A, 156-C.

H. W. Kumn, collector, April 14, 1938.

22 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 2, FEB., 1941

The skins of the larvae from which the types were reared are
preserved with the type specimens.

Types deposited in the collection of the U. S. National
Museum, Washington, D. C.

Aedes (Howardina) quadrivittatus Coquillett. Adult Female.

Mesonotum with integument dark, clothed with narrow curved brown scales.
A small golden spot below anterior promontory. Two narrow uniform median
golden lines on dorsum, extending from anterior margin to scutellum; two narrow
subdorsal golden lines extend from anterior margin to scutellum; lateral margins
of mesonotum golden-scaled, forming a sinuous line which divides and incurves
posterior to the lateral fossae, one branch joining the subdorsal golden lines, and
the other extending forward over the anterior pronotum, enclosing a small
S-shaped nude brown area. Sometimes the subdorsal golden lines are continu-
ous, and sometimes they are broken posterior to their junction with the lateral
margins of the mesonotum. Sometimes the lateral fossae may be shaded over
with golden scales extending from the subdorsal lines.

Scutellum with middle lobe clothed centrally with flat golden scales, flat
brown ones on each side; outer lobes with long brown setae and fine curved
golden scales.

Abdomen black with large lateral basal segmental silvery-white spots on all
segments, and long apical yellow-brown setae.

Legs: Fore-legs dark brown; a narrow basal white ring on Ist tarsal segment,
and a small basal white spot on 2d tarsal segment; 3d, 4th and 5th segments
dark brown.

Mid-legs with femur black on outer aspect, without white spot, but with
apical white ring; basally half white, apically half black on inner aspect. Mid-

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 2, FEB., 1941 23

tibia black. Mid-tarsi black, with basal white rings on Ist and 2d segments;
segments 3, 4 and 5 black. Hind-legs with femur basally half white, apically
half black on both inner and outer aspects. No white spot on outer two-thirds,
but a broad white apical ring. Hind tibia black. Hind tarsi black, with broad
white basal rings on Ist, 2d and 3d segments, broadest on 3d, sometimes extend-
ing over basal three-fourths of segment; 4th and 5th segments all black. Claws
on all feet simple.

Mate TERMINALIA.

Sidepiece moderate, slightly conical, rounded at apex, without basal or apical
lobe, clothed outwardly with long slender setae and narrow striate round-tipped
scales. Inner flap with sparse mesially-directed fine setae, outer flap with longer
setae. Claspette a small triangular area at inner angle of sidepiece, bearing a
single long slender seta (sometimes two) from a prominent tubercle at apex,
extending well beyond middle of sidepiece; basally with a few weak setae from
small tubercles. Clasper one-half as long as sidepiece, curved, tapering to tip, a
seta on outer aspect slightly before tip; with a long, slender, curved, tapering
terminal spine, about one-third length of clasper.

Mesosome: About | 3/5 longer than wide, somewhat cylindrical, the anterior
face shallowly, roundedly excavate from apex; a curved, hornlike forward pro-
jection from each side of apex; base somewhat flared, excavate about one-third
from base anteriorly; posterior face deeply excavate nearly to base; lateral arms
short, strong.

9th tergites broad, slightly rugose, quadrate; connected by a narrow apical
bridge, covered with short microtrichia arranged in irregular rows; the apices
sclerotized and rounded, bearing three or four long, strong, curved setae from
large tubercles, and one or two smaller setae from tubercles below apex laterally.

10th sternites moderate, with outer margin thickened, the tips recurved,
sclerotized and pointed.

10th tergites membranous, with three or four small setae from small tubercles
below apex.

DEscRIPTION OF LARVA oF Aedes (Howardina) quadrivittatus Coq.

Head: Subglobose, the dorsum highly arched, dome-shaped. Preclypeal
spines very long, strong, infuscated. Anterior head-hairs similar to the other
two pairs of dorsal head-hairs; consisting of from 6 to 9 bong hairs forming a tuft.
Middle head-hairs somewhat shorter and forming a denser tuft. Posterior head-
hairs fewer, and forming a longer tuft. Anteantennal hairs also forming a tuft
of about 6 long hairs. Inner occipital hairs very long, slender. Outer occipital
hairs set somewhat posterior to inner hairs, long tufts of about 6 hairs each
Dorsal eye-hairs long, single. Subantennal (or possibly the postmandibular)
hairs multiple, consisting of a tuft of about 15 slender, pointed hairs, not so
thick and short or so heavily infuscated as in 4. allotecnon, n. sp.

Antenna long, slender, tapering, the shaft sparsely spined. Antennal tuft

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 2, FEB., 1941

usually 2-haired, on dorso-internal aspect, inserted somewhat beyond middle,
the tips of the hairs scarcely reaching apex of antenna.

Thorax: Integument densely long-pilose, clothed with dense stellate hair-
tufts.

Abdomen: Integument densely long-pilose, the pilosity longer on the more
posterior segments. Lateral hairs on segment 2 quadruple, single on segments
3 to 6. Comb of eighth segment of about 17 (varying from 13 to 18 in 10 larvae
examined) very long, slender scales, set very close together in a nearly straight
row. Each scale elongate, thorn-shaped, sharp-pointed, the sides fringed to
within a short distance of tip. The scales in guadrivittatus are longer and nar-
rower than in a/lotecnon n. sp., and the base to which they are attached is longer
and more curved. Siphon slender, tapering, about 4 times as long as wide.
Pecten a row of about 15 teeth (varying from 11 to 18 in 10 larvae examined),
very closely spaced, extending beyond middle of siphon. Each tooth long,
usually with one or two short lateral barbs basally. Teeth progressively longer
toward apex of siphon. Siphon-tuft beyond pecten, usually triple, occasionally
quadruple, long, the tips of the hairs extending to the apex of the siphon.

Anal segment not ringed by the saddle. Posterior lateral and dorsal margins
fringed with long, curved spines. Lateral hair of the saddle long, double. Inner
caudal hair long, exceeding the length of the outer caudal hairs, single. Outer
caudal hair a tuft of long hairs. Anal gills long, pointed.

TABLE SHOWING MAIN POINTS OF DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE LARVAE
oF allotecnon AND quadrivittatus.

Aedes allotecnon n. sp. Aedes quadrivittatus Coq.

Anterior head hairs............

Long, double.

Long, multiple tufts of 6 to 9 hairs.

Intermediate head hairs.... Long, fine, in Long, multiple, dense tuft.
tufts of 4 or 5.

Posterior head hairs... Long, fine, single. Long, multiple tuft.

Subantennal hair................ More slender ele- Short, coarse, blunt elements, form-
ments, and ing a dense tuft.
longer than in
quadrivittatus.

Rh Ora Xess ee ener Integument gla- Integument long-pilose, the stellate
brous, the stel- tufts short and strong.
late tufts finer.

Abdomen) == ee Integument gla- Integument long-pilose throughout.

brous on first
, four or five seg-

ments, — short-
pilose on re-
mainder.

Comb of eighth
segment of 15
scales, long,
fringed nearly
to tip.

Comb of eighth segment of 17 scales
in straight row, elongate, fringed
to short distance from tip.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 2, FEB., 1941 25

Lateral abdomin- Lateral abdominal hairs on segment
al hairs on seg- 2 triple; on segments 3 to 6 single.
ment 2 triple;
on segments 3
to 6 double.

Siphonwithabout Siphon with about 17 to 20 teeth.
Siteetha sy Si— Siphon-hair triple.
phon-hair
doubleor
triple.

Outer caudal hair Outer caudal hair single.

double.

Discussion.

The two species, guadrivittatus and allotecnon n. sp., are so
similar that perfect specimens are required to separate the
adult females. The chief differences seem to lie in the different
mesonotal markings, and in the markings of the mid and hind
femora. In a/lotecnon n. sp. the four golden lines of the mesono-
tum and the lateral margins are narrow and uniform, giving the
appearance of six parallel golden lines on the dorsum. In
quadrivittatus Coq. the two median lines are parallel, narrow, and
uniform, but the golden lines forming the lateral margins of the
mesonotum are sinuous, curving outward and surrounding the
lateral fossae, and merging with the two parallel subdorsal
golden lines anteriorly. The two subdorsal golden lines are
sometimes broken before the lateral fossae. Often the lateral
fossae are shaded over with golden scales from the subdorsal
lines.

The mid and hind femora of our specimens of a//otecnon n. sp.
have a small white spot on the outer two-thirds; those of guadri-
vittatus are without this spot, but are white basally to one-half
of their length. Our material of a//otecnon n. sp. is insufficient to
determine whether this femoral white spot is a constant charac-
ter, but we believe that it is subject to variation, and that
specimens will be found in which the femoral white spot merges
with the basal white on the femora.

REFERENCES.
1. Coquillett, D. W., Canadian Entomologist, 34, p. 293, 1902.
2. Howard, L. O., Dyar, H. G., and Knab, F., The Mosquitoes of North and
Central America and the West Indies, 4, p. 852, 1917.

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES.

Fig. 1. Larval details of 4edes allotecnon, n. sp.
Fig. 2. Larval details of d4edes quadrivittatus Coq.
Fig. 3. Male terminalia of 4edes allotecnon, n. sp.
Fig. 4. Mesosome of Aedes allotecnon n. sp.

Fig. 5. Ninth tergites of 4edes allotecnon n. sp.
Fig. 6. Mesonotum of Aedes allotecnon n. sp.

Fig. 7. Mesonotum of Aedes quadrivittatus Coq.

26 PpROc. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 2, FEB., 1941

A NEW SPINNING MITE ATTACKING STRAWBERRY ON THE
MID-ATLANTIC COAST.

By E. A. McGrecor,
Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. S. Department of Agriculture.

Tetranychus atlanticus, new species.

Female.—Body setae fairly conspicuous, not arising from tubercles, 26 in
number. Mandibular plate rounded anteriorly at maturity. A single perfect
eye cornea on each side. “Thumb” of palpus barely longer than greatest
thickness, bearing terminally a nonclavate “finger” which is rotundate termin-
ally, fully two-thirds again as long as thick, and is more than one-half as thick

s “thumb” at tip; the unusually thick dorsal sensilla is nearly as long as the
terminal “finger’’; the other five hairs and setae of the “thumb” about as usual.
Legs of moderate length, foreleg about two-thirds the length of the body.
Relative lengths of the joints of foreleg as follows: Coxa, 28; trochanter, 11;
femur, 28; patella, 17; tibia, 19; tarsus, 27. Tip of tarsus (female) bearing a
claw which is sharply bent and is cleft into three pairs of subequal, needlelike
spurs, the inner pair being the thickest at base. The usual four tenent hairs
arise from the onychium, a pair on each side of the claw base. The collar trachea
is of the conventional Tetranychus type, in the shape of a U with one long and
one short arm.

Male.—Body somewhat wedge-shaped, much shorter and narrower than that
of female; legs proportionately longer. Penis with inner lobe rodlike; basilar
lobe reduced to an abtuse prominence; shaft about three-fourths again as long
as its basal thickness, bent abruptly upward nearly 90° from axis of main shaft,
expanding terminally to form the prominent barb whose axial length slightly
exceeds the length of the “hook” of the shaft and is fully one-third the length
of the shaft proper; posterior portion of barb produced into an acuminate point;
anterior portion of barb produced into an equally prominent rounded boss;
axis of barb directed somewhat upward posteriorly. Tarsal claw of foreleg
differing from those of other three pairs of legs and from those of female, as is
usual with red spider males; distal portion (corresponding to the main claw)
straight and relatively weak, the proximal portion (analagous to the deflexed
spurs in certain genera) much thicker at base and appearing to be 3-pointed
terminally,

Type slide.—U. S. National Museum No. 1380.

The type material is from Chadbourn, N. C., September 25,
1939, from strawberry, collected by Floyd F. Smith and W. A.
Thomas. To date this mite has been collected from eight
localities in four States as follows: Pocomoke, Md., Chadbourn,
N. C., Norfolk, Va., Accomac County, Va., Diamond Spr., Va.,
Princess Anne Court House, Va., Northampton County (Va.?),
and Parma, Idaho. The eastern collections were all from
strawberry, while the Idaho collection was from red clover.
Mr. R. W. Haegele, who sent the material from Idaho, stated
that on several occasions strawberry plants have been shipped

[27]

28 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 48, NO. 2, FEB., 1941

into Idaho from a nursery in Maryland. This might account
for the occurrence in Idaho of this Atlantic Coast mite. The
records show that the strawberry Tetranychus was first col-
lected by W. A. Thomas at Pocomoke City, Md., May 22, 1939.
Others who have since collected this mite are R. W. Haegele,
H. G. Walker, F. F. Smith, and Carl Anderson.

The present species is perhaps closest to T. a/thaeae v. Hanst.
The two species may be distinguished as follows:

Tetranychus althaeae.

Palpus of female with terminal “finger” slightly clavate, obscurely angular
at tip, one-fourth longer than thick, less than one-half as thick as terminal aspect
of “thumb.” Axial length of barb of penis less than one-fourth that of shaft; as
viewed laterally, the anterior and posterior projections of barb of penis each
in the form of an acute point; axis of barb not directed upward posteriorly.

Tetranychus atlanticus.

”

Palpus of female with terminal “‘finger”’ non-clavate, rotundate terminally,
fully two-thirds again as long as thick, but more than one-half as thick as term-
inal aspect of “thumb.” Axial length of barb of penis fully one-third that of
shaft; as viewed laterally, the posterior projection of penis barb in form of an
acute point, the anterior process of barb in the form of a rounded boss; axis of
barb directed somewhat upward posteriorly.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE.

Tetranychus atlanticus.

Figs. 1 and 2. Lateral view of penis (Fig. 1 from material from red clover,
Parma, Idaho; Fig. 2 from material from strawberry, Pocomoke
City, Md.).

Fig. 3. Tip of tarsus of leg I of male, viewed laterally.

Fig. 4. Collar trachea, viewed laterally.

Fig. 5. Tip of tarsus of leg I of female, viewed laterally.

Fig. 6. Terminal portion of palpus (2) with appendages, viewed laterally.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 2, FEB., 1941 29

A NEW SPECIES OF SMICRONYX FROM SASKATCHEWAN,
AND SYNONYMICAL NOTES (COLEOPTERA : CURCULIONIDAE).

By L. L. Bucuanan.

The species here described is the subject of a forthcoming
biological paper.

Smicronyx utilis, new species.

Length 1.8-2.7 mm., width 0.8-1.2 mm. Elongate, sides of elytra subparallel;
derm black or nearly so on mature specimens, the legs, antennae, and rostrum
reddish to piceous; scales above contiguous to moderately overlapping, elliptical
to ovate in general, but some much more slender (sublinear), the vestiture
covering, at least in part, the elytral striae; vestiture above white, gray, or light
brown, the color occasionally uniform, but on elytra often feebly mottled with
brown, sometimes in such a way as to give the effect of faint, irregular, wavy
bars; rostrum arcuate, without ventral notch at base, slender and subcylindrical
in female, stouter and more thickened basally in male; antennal socket a little
distad of middle in female, at about apical three-sevenths in male. Last tarsal
segment long, one-half to three-fourths as long as rest of tarsus; claws large,
connate basally (but not to middle). No prosternal sulcus.

Rostrum a little longer than head and prothorax together, dorsal transverse
impression at base feeble, basal half or less shagreened (strongly so in male), and
with setae and slender scales, which are prostrate or subprostrate except for the
erect tuft on each side of middle at base; basal half of male rostrum with a
lateral carina and, on dorsum, either a carina each side of middle (the median
line itself sometimes appearing carinate) or only a feeble median carina, the
apical portion more or less shiny, punctate, and with or without carinae; female
rostrum longer, smoother, shinier, more finely punctate, basal portion sometimes
with traces of carinae. First funicular segment stouter and longer than second,
third and remaining segments each at least as long as wide; club elongate, sutures
faint. Eyes separated beneath by about three-fourths length of second funicular
segment. Head shagreened, dorsum with sparse to fairly dense, slender scales
which are usually more or less iridescent. Prothorax nearly as long as wide,
much narrower than elytra (in the proportion of about 3 to 5), sides moderately
rounded, apical constriction rather long; pronotum feebly convex, normally
almost covered by scales but, as seen on abraded specimens, densely punctate,
the punctures denser mediobasally, where they usually coalesce here and there
to form short, transverse grooves or rugosities. Elytral intervals subplanate,
each with two or three irregular rows of broader scales and also a sparse median
row of sublinear scales, the latter broadly arched in profile, and often appearing
prostrate in dorsal view. Under side densely clothed with white scales, those on
sides of thorax broader than either the dorsal scales or the scales on the abdomen;
femora and tibiae with elliptical to sublinear scales and inclined setae; lower
edges of tibiae with sparse, setiform spines which are darker and a little coarser
on fore and middle legs; middle of metasternum, in posterior half, and middle of
first and second abdominal sternites flattened or lightly concave, more concave
in male; abdominal sternite 5 usually nearly flat. Median lobe of male genitalia

30 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 2, FEB., 1941

thinner than in many species of Smicronyx (fig. 9); internal sac contained
within the median lobe, and with minute granules or asperities on portion next
to median orifice and spines farther back (figs. 5 and 10).

Ty pe locality —Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada, June 15, 1939.

Type.—Male, and paratypes, male and female, No. 54279,
U. S. National Museum. Paratypes in Canadian National
Collection, California Academy of Sciences, and Museum of
Comparative Zoology; and in collection J. G. Rempel.

Described from 30 specimens received from Prof. J. G.
Rempel, with the statement that the species attacks the noxious
poverty weed, Jva axillaris Pursh.

There is often a noticeable, though not conspicuous, uneven-
ness in the sizes, shapes and colors of the elytral scales, the
larger and broader ones being paler, on the average, and tending
to form clusters or short lines here and there. There is consider-
able variation in the shape of the prothorax, the pronotal
sculpture, and the sculpture of the rostrum.

The sexes are not strongly differentiated externally, though
when both are present they are rather easy to separate by the
difference in the position of the antennal socket in conjunction
with the other rostral differences—especially the stouter form,
coarser sculpture, and more abundant vestiture of the male
rostrum.

The following new synonymy can be recorded:

(Smicronyx caseyi Blatchley 1916) = Smicronyx commixtus Dietz. 1894.
(Smicronyx connivens Casey 1892) and (Smicronyx spurcus Casey 1892) =
Smicronyx vestitus Leconte 1876.

I have seen the types or type sets of all these species excepting
caseyi Blatch., and the identity of the last named seems beyond
doubt.

S. commixtus Dtz. is recorded in literature and named in
collections as either vestitus Lec. (a misidentification) or casey
Blatch. S. commixtus Dtz. and S. utilis, n. sp., form a group
characterized by the long tarsi and large tarsal claws, the latter
not connate so far as middle (figs. 6, 7, and 8), the slender,
curved rostrum (figs. 1 and 2), the absence of a notch on under
surface of rostrum at base, the absence of a prosternal sulcus,
and the relatively thin median lobe of the male genitalia (fig. 9).
These characters, most of which are figured on the accompanying
plate, seem not to occur in this combination in any other species.
In male genital structure commixtus and utilis appear inseper-
able. They differ externally as follows:

PLATE 3

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43

[31]

32 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 2, FEB., 1941

Elytra, rostrum, and legs red, the elytra frequently with a common
sutural line and a vague scutellar area fuscous; dorsal scales narrower
and apparently sparser (fig. 12) so that parts of the derm are plainly
visible and some of the striae are traceable for the greater part of
their length; tarsal claws larger (fig. 6); pronotal punctures not quite
so dense. Kansas and Colorado to Montana and Idaho

commixtus Dietz.

Elytra black, the rostrum and legs reddish to piceous; dorsal scales
denser, usually concealing most of the derm and obscuring at least
in part (sometimes almost throughout) the striae (fig. 11); tarsal
claws smaller (fig. 8); pronotal punctures denser, those mediobasally
often coalescent to form short, transverse rugae. Saskatchewan........

utilis, n. sp.

In addition the rostrum of commixtus is apparently slightly more slender
and more finely sculptured. In certain specimens the vestiture is nearly or
quite as abundant as in occasional examples of uéilis, but the average difference
in this respect, as brought out in the key and figures, 1s obvious in series.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE.

Fig. 1. Smicronyx utilis, n. sp. Lateral outline of female.

Fig. 2. Smicronyx utilis, n. sp. Same of male.

Fig. 3. Smicronyx utilis, n. sp. Antenna of male.

Fig. 4. Smicronyx utilis, n. sp. Dorsal outline of male.

Fig. 5. Smicronyx utilis, n. sp. Spines of internal sac (greatly enlarged).
Fig. 6. Smicronyx commixtus Dietz. Fore tarsus.

Fig. 7. Smicronyx utilis, n. sp. Fore tarsus in dorsal view.

Fig. 8. Smicronyx utilis, n. sp. Fore tarsus in lateral view.

Fig. 9. Smicronyx utilis, n. sp. Male median lobe, lateral view.

Fig. 10. Smicronyx utilis, n. sp. Male median lobe, dorsal view.
Fig. 11. Smicronyx utilis, n. sp. Scutellar section of left elytron.
Fig. 12. Smicronyx commixtus Dietz. Scutellar section of left elytron.

NEW POLYDESMOID DIPLOPODS INTERCEPTED AT
QUARANTINE.

By Ratpy V. CHAMBERLIN,
University of Utah.

The types of the new millipeds described in the present paper
form part of miscellaneous diplopod material submitted to me
for identification by Mr. Muesebeck of the U. S. Bureau of
Entomology and Plant Quarantine. The specimens represent-
ing the four new forms were intercepted by inspectors at
Honolulu, H. I., and Washington, D. C., on plants imported
from Japan, Philippine Is., Ceylon and Jamaica, respectively.
The types are in the author’s collection at the University of
Utah.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 2, FEB., 1941 33

Dominicodesmus expatriatus, new species.

A larger form than granulofrons and panamicus. The collum of the same
general form as in those species; the indentation between the last two lobes on
each side shallower than in granulofrons but deeper than in panamicus.

Diastema between anterior and poriferous lobe on 9th and 10th segments
acute ‘as in granulofrons; a small lobe adjacent to poriferous process on posterior
side more distinctly set off, and the lobe next caudad extending farther laterad,
etc.

Length 6 mm.

Locality —From Japan, taken at quarantine at Honolulu,
April 11, 1938, in packing materia] of Vanda teres grandifiora.
One adult female of 20 segments, one immature of 17 segments,
and one of 19 segments.

Orthomorpha hodites, new species.

Dorsum, upper part of sides, and antennae chocolate brown, lower part of
sides paler; keels and legs yellow.

Body stout, constricted over first four segments as usual. Dorsum smooth,
not tubercular or longitudinally furrowed; a slight transverse depression or
furrow across the metazonites from fifth to eighteenth. Keels very narrow but
distinct, ending a little in front of caudal margin of metazonite where ending
in the usual projecting angle.

Furrow between prozonite and metazonite minutely “pearled”’ across dorsum,
the nodules more obscure laterally.

Plural keels present on segments from second to seventeenth or eighteenth.

Sternites smooth, without special processes at bases of legs.

Anal tergite truncate, not presenting two cones or divisions, simply setose,
the process straight.

Gonopods as shown in the figure.

Length about 20 mm.; width, 2.3 mm.

Locality.—Philippine Is. One male taken by quarantine
inspector at Honolulu, April 26, 1938, on root of Phalaenopsis
Stuartiana.

Resembles in general appearance and structure O. coarctata
but readily distinguished by de‘ails of the gonopods which,
however, are of the same general type.

Euphyodesmus (Ceylonesmus) vector, new subgenus and species.

It seems desirable to separate the two other species of Euphyo-
desmus from gracilis Attems, known from Borneo, as a distinct
subgenus Cey/onesmus with vector as its type, characterized
especially by the series of peculiar stout cones across the caudal
border of the metazonites.

In comparison with greeni the present species differs in color which when full

34 pRoc. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 2, FEB., 1941

varies from chocolate to black; keels pale yellow; legs from light brown to
colorless.

Antennae long as in greeni. Head differing, according to Attems’ description,
in being setose over the vertex.

Collum with keels acutely produced caudad; across posterior border a series
of four tubercles smaller than the cones of ordinary tergites; at middle a trans-
verse series of setae and another series along anterior border.

Keels of typical segments acutely produced caudad and with apices higher
than middle of dorsum; four setigerous cones across caudal border essentially as
in greeni, those at the ends much longer than the submedian two. Metazonites
with a deep transverse sulcus in front of which is a series of four cones, each
bearing a long, stout seta.

Process of fifth sternite in the male expanded above base over which it projects
forward and especially caudad, a transverse depression across the distal end.

The gonopods of the male have the general structure of those of greeni but
differ in details, such as in having the tibio-tarsus more curved distally and
especially in having the terminal seminiferous finger straight and erect instead
of strongly curved. See figure.

Width, up to 2.1 mm.

Locality.—Nine specimens taken at Honolulu Feb. 24, 1938,
in soil about plants from Ceylon.

Genus DASOMUS, new.

A chelodesmid genus characterized by its densely granular metazonites, the
granules occurring both over entire dorsum and on sides below keels as well.
Several transverse series of setae. Keels of all segments except first acutely and
strongly produced caudad; with a stout tooth at anterolateral corner; pores on
segments 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15-18. Gonopods of male with telopodite more or
less segmented near middle and at that level bearing a smaller transverse curved
spur and an irregularly sigmoidally curved principal lamina.

Genotype.—Dasomus bicolor, new species.

Dasomus bicolor, new species.

Dorsum when in full color black or nearly so, with the keels yellow excepting
anterior portion. Legs yellow, antennae brown.

Head with granules numerous but less well developed; setae numerous over
entire surface.

Collum with anterior margin continuous with lateral margins in an evenly
convex curve. Caudal margin subarcuate; the posterior corners a little bent
caudaa. Surface densely granular; with three transverse series of larger seti-
gerous tubercles of which the first runs close to anterior margin, and the third in
front of caudal border.

On succeeding metazonites also three transverse series of setae of which one
lies near anterior border, one immediately back of the transverse dorsal sulcus
and one at caudal margin.

Anal tergite acute, produced well beyond the valves.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 2, FEB., 1941 35

In the male the sternite between the third legs produced as a wide plate the
free distal (ventral) margin of which is obtusely excised from end to end.

Gonopods of male as illustrated.

Length to about 20 mm.

Locality—Jamaica. Eight specimens were taken in an

express shipment of orchids at the Inspection House in Wash-
ington, D. C., on Feb. 17, 1938:

\ 3

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES.

1. Orthomorpha hodites, sp. nov. Left gonopod of male, ectal view. 2. Euphy-
odesmus (Ceylonesmus) vector, sp. nov. Right gonopod, ventral view. 3. Tip of
left gonopod, ventromesal view. 4. Dasomus bicolor, sp. nov. Right gonopod,
ventral view.

MINUTES OF THE 515TH REGULAR MEETING OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
JANUARY 2, 1941.

The 515th meeting of the Society was held at 8 p. M., January 2, 1941, in
Room 43 of the National Museum. President Ewing presided and 35 members
and 11 visitors attended. The report of the December meeting was accepted
as read.

The President announced the appointment of the following standing com-
mittees for 1941:

36 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 2, FEB., 1941

Auditing—Paul Oman, Chairman; Floyd Andre.

Program—W. H. Anderson, Chairman; Floyd F. Smith; F. W. Wadley.

Membership—E. H. Siegler, Chairman; H. W. Capps; Louise M. Russell.

Under Notes and Exhibition of Specimens, Austin H. Clark called attention to
Papilio notatus described in 1803 by Johann Karl Megerle from six specimens
from Georgia which undoubtedly is the same as the Colias philodice of Godart,
1819. He also noted that the names calanus, gema (= gemma), gorgonia ( =gor-
gone), macropus, and niphon attributed to Ziegler were published by Megerle in
1804. All these names except macropus were subsequently adopted by Hiibner.
(Author’s abstract.)

The first part of the regular program included reports, as follows, of meetings
recently held at Philadelphia in conjunction with the American Association for
the Advancement of Science.

1. American Association of Economic Entomologists. P. N. Annand.

. Entomological Society of America. A. B. Gurney.

. American Society of Parasitologists. F.C. Bishopp.

. Annual Address of the Entomological Society of America. R. E. Snodgrass.

. Taxonomists’ Conference on Nomenclature, of the Entomological Society
of America. Alan Stone.

6. Group of symposia on human malaria held by American Society of Para-
sitologists, American Society of Tropical Medicine, and National Malaria
Committee. M. V. King.

Dr. Bishopp remarked briefly on malarial problems.

Dr. Annand announced a meeting of the American Association of Economic
Entomologists at Durham, N. H., at which a sumposium on chemical control
will be included, to be held in connection with the 1941 summer meeting of the
A-ACA:S:

The following visitors were introduced: Theodore L. Bissell; Reginald H.
Painter; Warren H. Wagner, Jr.; H. Rodney Dodge.

Dr. Poos discussed the recent meetings of plant pathologists in Philadelphia.

The remaining part of the program consisted of an illustrated talk, “Some
studies on leafhoppers of forage crops,” by F. W. Poos. Dr. Poos gave a dis-
cussion of problems centered about the effect of the potato leafhopper on peanuts
and alfalfa. The illustrations shown included many interesting views of different
phases of peanut culture.

Adjournment at 9.55 Pp. M.

nm Bb WP

AsHLEY B. Gurney,
Recording Secretary.

Actual date of publication, February 28, 1941,

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This is a revisionary study of the genus Osmia with keys for identification
descriptions and distribution records for known N. American species.

(Make checks, drafts, etc. payable to the Entomological Society of Washington.)

F. W. POOS,
Corresponding Secretary,
Address: Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine,
Washington, D.C.

CONTENTS

BUCHANAN, L. L.—A NEW SPECIES OF SMICRONYX FROM SASKATCHEWAN,
AND SYNONYMICAL NOTES (COLEOPTERA : CURCULIONIDAE) son's sleigh

CHAMBERLIN, RALPH V.—NEW POLYDESMOID DIPLOPODS INTERCEPTED AT
QUARANTINE (56 222s Sears s as epee ee ae on eee ener

KUMM, HENRY W., AND KOMP, W.H. W.—AEDES (HOWARDINA) ALLOTECNON,
A NEW SPECIES OF AEDES FROM COSTA RICA, AND A DESCRIPTION OF
THE LARVA, ADULT, AND MALE TERMINALIA OF AEDES QUADRIVIT-
PATUS: COQ. isis nage ie sree eas aoe eect its ane De ce 3 Se

MCGREGOR, E. A.—-A NEW SPINNING MITE ATTACKING STRAWBERRY ON THE
MID-ATLANTIC); COAST = co fie iss feist tt ate ce, ie ie “lie Mus eh else ie ule ta) beri tee

Div. Insects

U.S. Nat Mie
VOL. 43 March, 1941 No. 3

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ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

VOL. 43 MARCH, 1941 Now

FIELD STUDIES OF THE ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES
OF ALBANIA.!

By Marston Bares,
Member of Staff of International Health Division, Rockefeller Foundation.

I. Inrropucrtion.

The present paper summarizes various field observations which
were made in connection with the program of the laboratory
for mosquito research in Tirana, between 1936 and 1939. The
main emphasis of the laboratory work was on the study of the
differential characters of the mosquitoes of the Anopheles
maculipennis group, and the field work was almost entirely
confined to these mosquitoes. A few observations on other
anophelines are, however, included in this paper. A history
and description of the laboratory will be found in a paper by
Hackett and Bates (1939), and field work during the years
1934 and 1935 is covered in a paper by Lewis (1939).

The malaria situation in Albania seems to be essentially
similar to that found in Greek Macedonia, which has been
described in a series of papers by Barber, Rice, Balfour, and
others. In Albania, as in Macedonia, the areas of most intense
malaria are associated with Anopheles sacharovi (elutus). In
Albania, however, malaria is often found in regions where
sacharovi does not occur, and in most of these cases Anopheles
superpictus seems to be the vector (the towns of Elbasan and
Berat may be taken as examples). A third type of mosquito-
malaria association is found in a very few places, notably in
villages on the shores of Lake Malik, a large, shallow, marshy
lake in the mountains near the Yugoslav frontier at an elevation
of 800 meters (Lewis, 1939, pl. 1, fig. 1). In this area neither
sacharovi nor superpictus is found, and the only common mos-
quitoes are three species of the maculipennis group (maculi-
pennis, messeae and subalpinus), which are generally supposed
not to be malaria vectors because of their non-anthropophilous
food habits. The mosquitoes breed in immense numbers in the
lake, and the villages are in close proximity to the breeding

1 The studies and observations on which this paper is based were conducted
with the support and under the auspices of the International Health Division
of the Rockefeller Foundation,

fiAR 26 1!

38 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 3, MAR., 1941

places. The resulting situation seems to be rather similar to
that found in parts of Hungary (Lorincz, 1937), where malaria
is also found associated with Anopheles maculipennis and
messede.

II. List or SPECcIEs.

Ten species of Anopheles were found in Albania. The nomen-
clature of the following list is that of Edwards (1932), except
in the case of the maculipennis group.

Subgenus ANOPHELES Meigen.

Anopheles algeriensis Theobald.

Adults of this species were found occasionally in stables
(Bates, 1937), but never more than two or three at a time.
Larvae were sometimes very numerous in Lake Terbuf; but
although large numbers of mosquitoes were collected in stables
near the lake shore, no algeriensis were ever found. Hence
stable collections can not be taken as an index of the abundance
or distribution of this species.

Anopheles claviger Meigen.

The seasonal distribution of this species in 1937 and 1938 was
similar to that found in the four previous years (Bates, 1937):
a large peak in November, and a smaller peak in April or May.
Except at these times, adults were rarely found in stables. The
species probably occurs in all parts of Albania.

Anopheles hyrcanus Pallas.

Albanian specimens would presumably be identical with
Italian ones, and thus belong to the subspecies pseudopictus
Grassi. The chief distinguishing character of this form, how-
ever, is said to be the white color of the fourth tarsal segment of
the hind leg, and the coloration of this segment is variable in
Albanian specimens. The species was quite common in the
marshy border of Lake Terbuf, and larvae were occasionally
found in other parts of the coastal plain. During the four years
in Albania, we never found a single specimen resting during the
day in either a stable or house. Barber and Rice (1935) found
occasional specimens in stables and houses in Macedonia.

Anopheles maculipennis Meigen.

We use this name in the restricted sense, for the species
called “‘typicus” in previous papers (Bates and Hackett, 1939).
It is the commonest and most generally distributed of the
Albanian anophelines: it was represented in every collection of
adults made from stables.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 3, MAR., 1941 39

Anopheles marteri Senevet and Prunelle.

Hadjinicolaou (1938) recently found this species in Greece,
breeding in pools in heavily shaded mountain streams. We
found it in the same situations in Albania, in streams in the
Shkumbini Valley, at elevations between 500 and 600 meters;
the larvae were common in July and August, and even more
abundant in September.

Anopheles melanoon subalpinus Hackett and Lewis.

This species seems to be found in all parts of Albania, but it is
common only in the vicinity of large marshes and lakes, which
form the principal habitat of the larvae.

Anopheles messeae Falleroni.

In Albania this species was found only in the vicinity of the
highland lakes of Malik, Ochrida and Presba (700-800 m.
elevation). This seems to be the southernmost point of its
range in the Balkans, the species called by this name in Greece
(Rice and Barber, 1937) being suba/pinus.

Anopheles plumbeus Stephens.

During 1936 we found this species quite commonly in one of
the stables near Tirana (Bates, 1937); but although we con-
tinued to collect in this stable during the following years, no
more p/umbeus were found, so that its appearance in 1936 must
have been due to some exceptional circumstance. Larvae were
found in tree holes in various parts of Albania, and the species
is probably generally distributed in the country. :

Anopheles sacharovi Favr.

This species seems to be limited to the coastal plain in Albania,
and we found it nowhere more than 40 kilometers from the coast,
or at an elevation of more than 200 meters. We previously
thought that the inland extension of the species was a purely
summer phenomenon (Bates, 1937), but in 1938 we found
hibernating adults in Tirana (24 km. from the coast in a straight
line).

Subgenus MYZOMYIA Blanchard.

Anopheles superpictus Grassi.

This species is characteristic of the great river valleys, and it
seems to be especially abundant in the region where these valleys
enter the coastal plain. We attempted to establish its inward
extension up the valley of the Shkumbini River in July, and
failed to find any larvae at elevations above 500 meters. In

40 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 3, MAR., 1941

September, however, we found a few adults at Lubonik, in the
Korca region, at an elevation of 800 meters.

III. IpentiricatTion or Ecos.

The egg characters of the maculipennis group were discussed
at some length in a paper by Bates and Hackett (1939), and the
chief distinguishing characters of the Albanian populations are
outlined in the key below. The eggs of all of the other Albanian
anophelines have been included in this key, not so much with the
idea that it would serve for the identification of the eggs—
since in most cases this is more easily achieved by an examina-
tion of the adult mosquito—as in order to show the type of
characters that seem to distinguish these various species. We
did not examine the eggs of Anopheles marteri, and the species
is included in the key on the basis of the description and figure
published by Hadjinicolaou (1938).

We have found the field study of eggs to be the most useful
way of defining the breeding places of the various species of the
maculipennis group. We followed the method described by
Barber (1935), except that we found it more convenient to use
as a sieve, instead of the mitten, a piece of muslin stretched
taut over an embroidery hoop (Fig. 2). By marking the cloth
off into squares, the eggs can be counted without difficulty.
Sacharovi eggs are easily recognized by the absence of floats
and the uniform grey color; maculipennis by the two prominent
black bars; and subalpinus and messeae by the general mottling
of the egg surface. We have not been able to distinguish
between subalpinus and messeae in the field, but this does not
seriously interfere with the utility of the method, since messeae
has a very limited distribution in Albania. Of the other species,
superpictus and claviger can quite readily be recognized in the
field, and it would probably also be comparatively easy to
distinguish Ayrcanus and algeriensis with a little patience.

Key to Eaes.

tf. Kees without foats|or floatswudimentany= 62-2 2
— Eggs with well developed floats... 2 8 4
DISA si Vear Om Les lel Clee ne plumbeus
= Feo elongates. co cee eee Ae eee 3
3. Ground colorof upper sideidarka(black) == a= os Superpictus
— Upper side light, silver grey (early spring eggs with rudimentary

FL Gat S) ese eed a et ee sacharovi
4. Upper side of egg with a pattern of light and dark spots....-...-.-.-.---.---.---------- 5
= Upper sideof‘ege uniformly dark... 2 Eee 7
5. Intercostal membranes of floats smooth _.._--------------------------- subalpinus

— Intercostal membranes rough (finely corrugated) ___..-_-.-.---.--..--c--ceceeeeeeeeeeeeeees 6

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 3, MAR., 1941 4]

6. Pattern of two transverse black bars at ends of floats, sharply con-

trasted with the light ground color... -maculipennis
— Transverse bars part of a diffuse dark pattern... messede
7. Floats very large; viewed from above the two floats are wider than
the dorsal surface of the egg exposed between them... 8
— Floats smaller, the combined width less than the width of the dorsal
Surfacerotmthereroubetweem the mses. ese meee ee as oe eee 9
$, Intercostalimembranevof float/smoothss. 2) 2.25) 2105») yene claviger
Intercostal membrane moderately rough __........----.. 2-2 martert

9. Float membrane extending on to the dorsal surface of the egg at the
ends of the floats, making four membranous patches on this surface

algeriensis
— Membrane not extending on to surface in four distinct patches, but
visible on the dorsal surface along the entire float length... hyrcanus

IV. IDENTIFICATION OF FourTH STAGE LARVAE.

In a previous paper (Bates, 1939-b) we published statistics
on the variation in the antepalmate hairs of larvae in the
maculipennis group, showing that the larvae could in many
cases be distinguished by the branching of these hairs. The
results have been incorporated in the following key. We have
found no means of distinguishing between the larvae of macu-
lipennis and messeae, and the distinction between sacharovi and
subalpinus is not absolute, although by making hair counts it
should be possible to determine the relative abundance of these
two species in any particular breeding place. The key is in all
cases based on Albanian larvae; it 1s possible that widely
distributed and little known species like marteri and algeriensis
will be found to show geographical variation in larval characters.

Key To Larvae.

1. A row of six large plumose hairs across middle of head D
— These hairs vestigial, simple... Pete AOE NAIR Sect plumbeus
2. Antepalmate hair of segments IV and V simple, or long stalked, with
amtetriimaly bihuancetl Oils meee oe a Me hee ee Uae aces OMe eee ers eect 2h 3
— These hairs with three or more branches, the branches arising near the
hase ofthe haiti not ttomualong stalks. 2250 = eee ee eee 5
3. Antepalmate hairs of segments IV, V and VI always simple; hair of
anftennalishatt. simples...) 242 atone Sama superpictus

Some of the antepalmate hairs on IV, V and VI bifurcate at tip, or
double: hair of VI especially apt to be double; hair of antennal

Shantibirurca ese set ete Sl STE EAE A Rha ee eee Cots cg hk Ce Oe 4
4. Branches of palmate hair of segment II well developed, sharply divided

into a broad basal portion and a narrow terminal portion. marteri
— Branches of palmate hair of segment II lanceolate, narrowing gradu-

uallivstowarcdatip. 522s en eee Cee A eee ea ee algeriensis
SOutenchypealshatresimple:s=esseee = Os ewan weer sre eee ous claviger

Outerrcly peal hair branched; /déendriform= 2222. 22077) fe Eee 6

42 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 3, MAR., 1941

6. Hair of antennal shaft prominent, long, many branched (longer than

widthiol shat t)ics 202 ene ee eee eee ee Ae Re ce tee hyrcanus
— Hair of antennal shaft small, inconspicuous, with two or three branches
(shorter than’ width! ‘oftshaft)::()= =e ee ele i]

. Antepalmate hairs of segments IV and V normally with three branches,
the total count of the branches of the four hairs varying between

~—I

UNIS Wa yo Vad by ees ere eR act epee eee Pe de hea nse maculipennis, messeae
— These hairs always with more than three branches, the total count
being more-than, (722.2 8 eee ee ee ee 8

8. Count of antepalmate hairs of segments IV and V usually 26 or less;
antepalmate hair of segment I usually larger than the palmate
haitvandiwithrs on mote branches.) 2. seen ee subalpinus

— Count of antepalmate hairs of segments IV and V usually more than
26; antepalmate hair of segment I minute, usually smaller than

palmate hatr, and with 3'or4 branches! .2 eee sacharovi

V. Larvae or THE MACULIPENNIS GROUP.

The distribution of the antepalmate hair count of larvae
from three Albanian breeding places is given in Table 1, to show
the application of this method of identification to field material.
The straight lines on the table indicate the range of variation
of each species, as determined by a study of bred material (Bates,
1939=b).

Lakes Malik and Presba are located in the southeastern corner
of the country, at an elevation of about 800 meters. Macu-
lipennis, messeae, and subalpinus eggs were found in marshy
areas along the lake margin (Fig. 3). Sacharovt did not occur
in this region, hence larvae with high counts must in all cases be
subalpinus; the modes at 12 and 15 in the hair count distribution
may represent maculipennis and messeae respectively. In Vorra
Pond (a marshy area between Tirana and Durazzo) we found
eggs of maculipennis, subalpinus and sacharovi. The hair count
of maculipennis \arvae is distinctive, but it is more difficult to be
sure of the separation of subalpinus and sacharovi; from an
examination of other characters it seemed that only the two
larvae with counts of 30 and 33 were sacharovi. In Yrshek
Pond (Fig. 6) we found only maculipennis eggs, and the larval
hair count is typical for this species.

VI. Larvat Hasirars.

In studying the factors limiting the habitats of anopheline
larvae, it 1s interesting to reverse the usual procedure, and list
the types of habitat in which larvae of a particular species are
not found. Extended field work in Albania was confined to the
species of the maculipennis group; and of these, subalpinus
seemed to have the most sharply limited habitat (marshes and
ponds). If any natural accumulation of water is regarded as a

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44 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 3, MAR., 1941

potential anopheline breeding place, the larvae of subalpinus
were not found in:

1. Heavily shaded situations (forest pools).

2. Habitats with a small surface area (pools, ditches).

3. Water without vegetation.

4. Water subject to strong surface movements (waves,
current).

5. Water with a high nitrate content.

6. Water with an appreciable salinity (more than 0.001 NaCl).

From the point of view of the ovipositing mosquito, the first
two of these factors might be called “visual” (landscape), the
second two “physical,” and the third two “chemical.” If
this list of restrictions is applied to the other species of the macu-
lipennis group, we find the following differences:

The limitations of dnopheles messeae seem to be identical,
except that in addition the geographical range of the species is
very restricted in Albania (effect of maximum summer tempera-
ture on adult?).

Anopheles sacharovt seems not to be subject to the second
(area) and sixth (salt) limitations: although typically a marsh
breeder, it was occasionally found in pools and ditches; larvae
were sometimes found in water with a sodium chloride content of
slightly above 20 parts per thousand. The geographical range
of sacharovi was also limited, again perhaps because of factors
affecting the adult (minimum winter temperature ?).

Anopheles maculipennis was found in all parts of Albania, and
in a remarkably wide range of habitats. In general, however,
the limitations were the same as those for suba/pinus, except
for the second (area). The contrast at this point is striking.
Subalpinus and maculipennis are often found in the same
locality, and adults may be present in a particular stable in
almost equal numbers. Egg dips in nearby breeding places,
however, will disclose only maculipennis in the ditches, streams
and small pools, and both maculipennis and subalpinus in the
marshes. This difference is brought out clearly in the figures
published by Lewis (1939, Table 3). The wide range of macu-
lipennis habitats 1s illustrated in Figures 3 to 7. In Yrshek and
Ipja Ponds (Figs. 6 and 7) only maculipennis was found in the
middle of the summer. The spring-fed pool illustrated in
Figure 4 is the sort of place where one would normally expect
to find only maculipennis, but at the time the photograph was
taken (September 2d), sacharovi and superpictus eggs were also
found. The habitat illustrated in Figure 5 is most unusual for
maculipennis, since normally only superpictus is found in this
sort of situation; this habitat forms an exception to the third
limitation (vegetation), since only a sparse algal growth was

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., vor. 43: PLATE 4

Fig. 2. Sieve made of cheese clath spread aver an embroidery hoop for the field
study of anopheline eggs.

Fig. 3. Method of fencing off part of a larval habitat with a bottomless gasoline
tin for making measurements of the larval population. The habitat
illustrated is the marginal zone of Lake Presba (800 m.), where Anopheles
maculipennis, messeae and subalpinus were found.

[45]

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pROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43 PLATE 5

Spring-fed pool in the coastal plain of Albania: eggs of Anopheles
maculipennis, sacharovi and superpictus were found here in September.
Detail of the bed of the River Dhrino in southern Albania. Eggs and
larvae of Anopheles maculipennis were found in this particular place,
although such locations are normally the habitat of only Anopheles
Super piclus,

[47]

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43 PLATE 6

Yrshek Pond, near Tirana: made by damming a small stream: only

Anopheles maculipennis eggs and larvae were found here, although
A. subalpinus adults were also common in a nearby stable.

Ipja Pond, near Tirana, formed where a small stream spread over a mud
flat. Only Anopheles maculipennis was found here.

[49]

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 3, MAR., 1941 51

present; and to the fourth (current). Maculipennis larvae were,
however, frequently found in protected spots in ditches and
streams, where there was a slight current.

Anopheles superpictus, as is well known, breeds typically in
the small pools in gravelly river beds (Figure 5), and is thus not
subject to the third and fourth of the suéa/pinus limitations.
The current in the pools where superpictus breeds 1s usually
slight, but the larvae are nevertheless exposed to a steady
change of water. Late in the season, when the adult population
of superpictus has reached its peak, the eggs may sometimes be
found in all sorts of habitats, including small pools (Fig. 4) and
rice fields.

Hyrcanus and algeriensis were found most abundantly in the
great marsh at Lake Terbuf (Lewis, 1939, Pl. 2). Five species
of anophelines (maculipennis, subalpinus, sacharovt, hyrcanus
and algeriensis) were, at one time or another, found breeding
in this marsh. We found p/umbeus larvae only in tree holes.
Claviger, in the simmer, was found only in shaded spring-fed
pools, but in the winter and early spring the larvae could be
found in many types of habitat, so that it looks as though low
temperature were the important factor. The breeding places of
marteri (pools in mountain streams) were characterized by
heavy shade, low temperature, and clear fresh water.

In general, we have found a close correlation between the
species of eggs and of larvae found in a given habitat, and we are
convinced that the ecological distribution of anophelines depends
on selection of oviposition site by the adult mosquito. In the
laboratory, it is possible to demonstrate selection by ovipositing
adults for both chemical and visual factors (Bates, 1940), and
from the list of limitations that seem to affect the selection of
breeding places in nature, it looks as though both types of
sensory perception might be operative. It is particularly diffi-
cult to explain the marked “landscape”’ differences in anopheline
habitats, except by the operation of a visual factor in the
oviposition reaction.

VII. SEAsonAL DistTrRIBUTION OF ANOPHELES MACULIPENNIS.

In a previous paper (Bates, 1937) we published a summary of
data collected during four years on seasonal variation in the
number of adult mosquitoes collected in stables in the vicinity
of Tirana. We found that in the case of Anopheles maculipennis .
the population seemed to build up to a peak somewhere about
the first of July, and then to fall off fairly rapidly although main-
taining a moderately high level, and sometimes increasing
again, in August. We thought that it might be interesting to
try to compare this distribution of adults with the distribution
of larvae. The breeding places in the vicinity of Tirana vary
considerably in extent during the summer, many ponds and

52 pROc. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 3, MAR., 1941

marshy areas drying up during July and August, and our first
impulse was to attribute the summer decline in maculipennis
to this drying up of breeding places. If this were true, it seemed
likely that the larval population in a breeding place that could
be maintained at a constant level through the summer might not
show a decline corresponding to the decline in adult population.

There was a small permanent stream about 200 meters from
the stable at Yrshek where we collected adult mosquitoes, and
in the spring of 1937 we built a dam across this stream, making
a small shallow pond that could be kept at a permanent level
all through the summer (Fig. 6). The dam was built in May,
and observations on larvae were begun five weeks later, when
conditions in the pond seemed fairly stable. To get data on the
larval population, we used a method that we had developed
during the previous summer, and which we referred to as the

“gasoline tin technique.’ The idea was to fence off a sample
unit of the breeding area, and make a complete count of the
larvae found in that area. We find that a convenient method of
doing this is to remove the top and bottom from a gasoline tin,
leaving a frame which can be thrust quickly over the spot to be

Adults

Week No. 23 27

Fig. 1. Relationship between adult Anopheles maculipennis population (no.
of mosquitoes in stable), larval population (total no. of 4. maculipennis
larvae per 500 cm? of surface in Yrshek Pond) and temperature (mean
stable temperature), near Tirana, Albania.

tested, and pushed into the bottom so that it is firmly placed.
The larvae are then collected from the enclosed area by dipping,
and counted one by one as they are picked out of the dipper
with a pipette. If the man doing the counting has had training
in the laboratory with larvae of different stages, he can estimate
the stage of a particular larva quickly and accurately by

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 3, MAR, 1941 53

noting the relative size and shape of the head. This method of
counting larvae is somewhat tedious; it requires two men, one
to count the larvae and the other to note down the results as
they are called co him, and a single trial may take half an hour,
if it is carefully made. Gasoline tins are approximately 23 cm.
on a side, so that in a single trial about 500 square centimeters
of surface are enclosed; to cover a square meter, twenty trials
would be necessary. We made up a series of frames of different
height, for use in different depths of water, as counting is greatly
facilitated if the surface of the water is only slightly below the
edge of the tin. Fig. 3 shows the method of operation. Cam-
bournac (1939) has obtained interesting results by applying
this method to the estimation of larval populations in rice
fields in Portugal.

TABLE 2.
Seasonal distribution of Anopheles maculipennis at Yrshek station near Tirana:
number of adults in stable and number of larvae per 500 cm? in Yrshek
Pond.

Stable Larvae Stage (percent)
Week Month temp. Adults per

trial I iat 11 IV
20 May 18.8 18
21 May 21.4 15
22 May 19.8 115
23 June 22.1 50
24 June 25a 81 — 34 32 28 11
D5 June D2. 180
26 June 24.6 118 — 37 21 16 26
Di July 23.6 163 100 22 47 23 8
28 July 24.6 335 311 50 35 7 8
29 July 24.1 798 119 36 29 22 13
30 July 25.4 426 104 28 43 20 9)
31 July 26.1 123 115 38 37 19 ih
32 Aug. 23.4 251 48 6 29 28 37
$3 Aug. 24.6 167 Si 26 30 12 Sy)
34 Aug. 23% 149 61 33 28 19 20
35 Aug. 21.6 306 49 47 29 14 10
36 Sept. 20.6 244 24 31 41 16 12
Bi Sept. 20.6 A 29 43 32 16 9
38 Sept. 19.8 62 1 0 0 69 Bil
39 Sept. 20.2 34 0 — — — —
40 Sept. roe 50

The results of the 1937 study at Yrshek Pond are given in
Table 2, and the figures for larval population, adult population
and temperature are plotted in graph form in Fig. 1. The mean
stable temperature (calculated from thermograph records)
corresponds quite well with the mean outside temperature;

54 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 3, MAR., 1941

the temperature range was, however, very much less. It was
unfortunately impossible to continue these observations in the
following year, so the results of this single year of work can not
be taken as more than suggestive of the utility of this line of
attack. From these results, and from various other observa-
tions, it seems to us that the midsummer drop in maculipennis
population is quite possibly in large part due to a high mortality
in the adult population—probably the result of high temperature
and low humidity. It is interesting that in each of the four years
from 1933 to 1936, the peak of maculipennis preceded the peak
in mean temperature (Bates, 1937, Figs. 2 and 10), as it did in
1937 (Fig. 1). The peak in larval population preceded the peak
in adult population, and there was no great increase in the
population of first stage larvae following the peak in adults,
as one would expect if the adults lived and started laying eggs.

VIII. Larvat Srace Ratios.

We started collecting data on the relative numbers of larvae in
different stages of growth in various breeding places, on the
theory that the ratio between stages might turn out to be fairly
constant during the period of continuous breeding, and that
variation in the ratio might throw light on seasonal population
changes. We found that in fact the larval stage ratio varied
considerably from one breeding place to another, and from the
data collected in Albania it looks as though this ratio might be
even more useful as an index of differences between breeding
places than as a tool for the study of seasonal variation.

The larval stages are of unequal duration. From data col-
lected in rearing experiments (Bates, 1939, Table 1) it looks as
though in Anopheles atroparvus, at a constant temperature of
27°, stage I lasted 2 days; stage II, 2.5 days; stage III, 3 days;
and stage IV, 5 days; making a total of 12.5 days. The length
of stage IV varies greatly, but five days seems to be about the
average at this temperature in favorable media. The period of
growth in unfavorable media is greatly prolonged, and in some
experiments we have had larvae of Anopheles atroparvus remain
in stage II, for instance, for as much as seven days (at 27°). The
figures quoted above for the various stages are based on experi-
ments in “‘Medium S” (Bates, 1939), which was the most favor-
able of our artificial media. Asa check, we tried growing larvae
in bolting-cloth enclosures in the open, at Yrshek Pond. The
experiment was carried out in July, and the mean water tem-
perature (calculated from thermograph records) during the
experimental period was 26.7°, so the field and laboratory
results should be comparable. The first pupa was formed in
11 days, and half of the larvae had pupated on the 13th day,
which would seem to indicate that the laboratory results with
“Medium S” were reliable.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 3, MAR., 1941 55

Martini (1923, p. 155) gives the following lengths for the
larval stages of Anopheles maculipennis at temperatures
between 24° and 27°: I, 2 days; II, 1% days; Ill, 2% days;
IV, 41% days; making a total of 10 days. Hadjinicolaou (1938)
gives the following figures for Anopheles marteri (at temperatures
between 19° and 24°): I, 3; II, 5%; III, 3%; IV, 6. The dis-
crepancy between the relative lengths of the larval stages is
curious: it may be that this is a specific characteristic, but that
would hardly explain the differences between Martini’s figures
and ours. Our figures are estimates based on counts of fifty
larvae grown together; much more accurate figures could be
obtained by following the development of a number of indi-
vidual larvae, which may be the system that Martini used. The
need for accurate figures on this point for the interpretation of
field larval ratios did not occur to us until after the Albanian
work had been stopped.

On the basis of our figures for the relative length of larval
stages, the larval stage ratios in an area of continuous breeding
where there was no mortality should be: I, 16 percent; II,
20 percent; III, 24 percent; and IV, 40 percent. In actual
breeding places, these ratios are practically always reversed—
there are more Ist stage than IInd stage, and so forth. The
weekly ratios for the summer of 1937 in Yrshek Pond are given
in Table 2, and ratios for various breeding places in Table 3.
Of the breeding places listed in Table 3, Yrshek Pond, Ipja Pond,
and Shén Vilash had only maculipennis; Lakes Presba and Mali
had a mixture of maculipennis, messeae and subalpinus (cf.
Table 1); while the Portuguese rice fields had only atroparvus
(Cambournac, 1939).

TABLE 3.

Larval stage ratios in different habitats in Albania.

Stages (per cent)

Place No. larvae

fe AI eee,
Miheoreticalratio, no mortality_....4-2228 0s. = 16 20 24 40
Yrshek Pond, 1937, 14 weeks in summer_....-.... 4,464 S18 LG es
Ipja Pond, 1937, 9 weeks in summet.............--------- 1,565 S282 63
WalkeylBresbar i(jutte) =e Ee eee se ln eek 106 Alies29) hs Per
(September)ees © des ah ito. ah che 402 53; 30. Wa
Pealcep Vicalilce (purine) stem sl ee ee oe 110 SG 2Slv a 24a?
Shoukidissielo May 10g7 se oi 39 18 -20°-26. 36
PM Oy ea meee eee eee 1072 ATH GTP Ges

Portugal, rice field (Cambournac, 1939)
iuner: See ee2 kt eee 73,130 66m als 910
Jrilpeets ee ete Weel 105370 tet s2e Sie SOLme!

HAUS (eee Seen ners oes 11,400 AD 26 or e2

’ 56 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 3, MAR., 1941

Our figures are too incomplete to warrant any very detailed
analysis or discussion, and they are given here principally
because they suggest what may prove to be a very interesting
line of attack on some of the problems of larval ecology. In the
figures for Yrshek Pond (Table 2) it is interesting that the pro-
portion of Ist stage larvae tends to be higher at the beginning
and end of the summer: it falls fairly steadily between weeks 29
and 32, between the peak of adult population and its lowest
point, during the period of highest summer temperatures. This
is what one would expect if the adults during this period should
die before eggs are matured. The increase in the percentage of
IVth stage larvae in the latter part of the summer may be due
to the lower larval population density at this time, which might
result in an increased survival rate. Figures of this sort would
gain greatly in value if they could be compared with statistics
on other variable factors in the pond, such as variations in the
density of the predator population and variations in the physical
and chemical environment.

The figures for the collection of May 19th at Shén Vllash
(Table 3) are interesting, since they probably represent the first
spring generation of mosquitoes: larvae from eggs laid by
hibernating females have reached IVth stage, and the over-
lapping of generations which results in a general preponderance
of Ist stage larvae for the rest of the summer has not yet started.

The differences for the summer period between Yrshek Pond
and Ipja Pond, two Anopheles maculipennis habitats in the
vicinity of Tirana, are striking. Apparently Yrshek Pond was a
much more favorable breeding place than Ipja Pond, a fact
that we did not realize until we started to analyze the larval
data, after we had left Albania. The two ponds (Figs. 6 and 7)
both seemed excellent breeding places and supported approxi-
mately the same larval population per unit of area.

IX. Summary.

Ten species of Anopheles were found in Albania: a/geriensis,
claviger, hyrcanus, maculipennis, marteri, messeae, plumbeus,
sacharovi, subalpinus and superpictus. Keys for the identifica-
tion of the eggs and larvae of these species are given. Larvae of
the maculipennis group can in most cases be identified by means
of the variation of the antepalmate hair. Larval habitats were
studied in detail only in the case of the four species of the
maculipennis group; of these messeae and sacharovi were limited
geographically, while maculipennis (s.s.) and subalpinus were
found in all parts of the country. The chief distinction between
the habitats of the latter two seemed to be of landscape nature:
subalpinus was found only in large accumulations of water
(marshes, ponds), while maculipennis was found in a wide range
of habitats, including small as well as large water bodies (ditches,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 3, MAR., 1941 57°

pools, slow streams). The habitats could be accurately defined
by means of the field study of eggs, which seems to show that
the oviposition habits of the adult mosquito must be the con-
trolling factor in determining specific differences in larval
distribution.

From a study of the seasonal variation in adult and larval
populations of Anopheles maculipennis in a locality near Tirana,
it seems likely that the midsummer drop in population is due
in large part to factors affecting the adults rather than the
Jarvae: the peak of larval population preceded the peak of adult
population, and there was no great increase in the population of
first stage larvae following the peak in adults. Figures on the
relative proportions of larvae in different stages of growth were
collected for various breeding places and seasons, and it was
found that the larval stage ratio was characteristic not only of
the season, but of the breeding place. The collection of data on
this point may serve as a useful index in determining the relative
importance of different types of breeding place.

X. REFERENCES.
Barser, M. A.

1935. A method of detecting the eggs of Anopheles in breeding places and some
of its applications.
Riv. Malariol., 14, pp. 146-149.
Barser, M. A., anv Rice, J. B.
1935. Malaria studies in Greece. The malaria infection rate in nature and in
the laboratory of certain species of Anopheles of East Macedonia.
Ann. trop. Med. & Parasit., 29, pp. 329-348.
Bates, M.
1937. The seasonal distribution of anopheline mosquitoes in the vicinity of
Tirana, Albania.
Riv. Malariol., 16, pp. 253-264, 12 graphs.
1939. The use of salt solutions for the demonstration of physiological differ-
ences between the larvae of certain European anopheline mosquitoes.
Amer. J. trop. Med., 19, pp. 357-384, 4 figs.
1939-b. Variation in the antepalmate hairs of larvae of the Anopheles macu-
lipennis complex.
Riv. Malariol., 18, pp. 299-312.
1940. Oviposition experiments with anopheline mosquitoes.
Amer. J. trop. Med. [in press].
Bates, M., ano Hackett, L. W.
1939. The distinguishing characteristics of the population of Anopheles
maculipennis found in southern Europe.
Verh. VII int. Kongr. Antom., 1938, vol. 3, pp. 1555-1569, 3 figs.
Campournac, F. J. C.
1939 A method for determining the larval Anopheles population and its dis-
tribution in rice fields and other breeding places.
Riv. Malariol., 18, pp. 17-22, 3 figs.

58 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 3, MAR., 1941

Epwarps, F. W.
1932. Diptera : Fam. Culicidae.
in Wytsman, Genera Insectorum, fasc. 194, 258 pp., 5 pl.
Hackett, L. W., anp Bates, M.
1939. The laboratory for mosquito research in Albania.
Third Int. Congr. trop. Med. & Malaria (1938), Amsterdam, vol. 2,
pp. 113-1235 4ongs:
Hapjrnicotaou, J.
1938. Observations on Anopheles marteri S. and P. (Diptera, Culicidae).
Riv. Malariol., 17, pp. 44-50, 2 figs.
Lewis, D. J.
1939. The seasonal and geographical distribution of Anopheles maculipennis
in Albania.
Riv. Malariol., 18, pp. 237-248, 9 figs.
Lorincz., F.
1937. Malaria in Hungary.
Riv. Malariol., 16, pp. 465-479.
MartinI, E.
1923. Lehrbuch der medizinischen Entomologie.
xvi + 462 pp., 244 figs. Jena, Gustav Fischer.
Rice, J. B., anp Barser, M. A.
1937. The varieties of Anopheles maculipennis in a region of Greek Macedonia.
Bull. entomol. Res., 28, part 3, pp. 489-497.

me... maa

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43

PLATE 7

JON

THOMAS H

[ 69 }

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 3, MAR., 1941 61

THOMAS H. JONES.

Osiruary NOotTICE.

Thomas Henry Jones, senior entomologist of the Division of
Forest Insect Investigations, Bureau of Entomology and Plant
Quarantine, died suddenly in Morristown, N. J., on Saturday
morning, February 22. Mr. Jones was the son of Robert: P.
Jones and Bertha A. (Tiepke) Jones. He was born at Paw-
tucket, R. I., on September 25, 1885, attended the Easton,
Mass., public schools, and graduated from the Massachusetts
State College in 1908 with the degree of Bachelor of Science.
In 1929 he married Katherine H. Alyward.

Mr. Jones was a quiet man but when he did talk usually had
something to say. He had an ideal balance of scientific and
manly qualities, and was a conservative, careful investigator,
and an excellent cooperator who was universally liked by all
who knew him, and was particularly encouraging to his younger
co-workers. He had a broad basic knowledge of entomology,
and having been raised on a truck farm had a keen sense of the
applicability of his work. His contributions to the economic
entomology of truck crops in the southern United States, based
as they were on his youthful training and tropical experience,
were accurate and sound.

He was appointed to the Bureau of Entomology on May 26,
1909, with the Division of Truck Crops and Stored Products
Insect Investigations. In 1911 he resigned from the Bureau to
accept a position with the Puerto Rico Sugar Planters’ Associ-
ation and during the next 4 years he published seven important
papers. In 1914 he was reappointed to the Division of Truck
Crop Insect Investigations and assigned to work in Louisiana.
In 1920 he again resigned from the Bureau, this time to accept
the position of entomologist for the Louisiana Agricultural
Experiment Station at Baton Rouge. After 4 years in this
capacity he returned to the Bureau in January, 1924, to carry on
investigational work on introduced parasites of the gypsy moth
at Melrose Highlands, Mass. He continued in this capacity
until 1935, when he was assigned to research work on the beetle
vectors of Dutch elm disease. At the time of his death he was
assistant to the entomologist in charge of the research laboratory
carrying on these investigations.

Mr. Jones was a member of the Phi Kappa Phi honorary
society, and the American Association of Economic Entomo-
logists.

Mr. Jones is survived by his wife, his mother, and a brother.

List or Pusrications, 1911—1939.
1911. Experiment with Fumigant at a High Temperature (U. S. Dept. Agr.
Bur. Ent. Bul. no. 104, 1911).

1913. Some notes on Laphygma frugiperda S. and A. in Porto Rico (Jour.
Econ. Ent. v. 6, pp. 230-236, 1913).

1914.

L913:

1916.

SALA

1918.

1920.
1923:
1924.

1932.

1933.
1936.

1938.

1939:

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 438, NO. 3, MAR., 1941

Additional notes on Porto Rican Sugarcane Insects (Jour. Econ. Ent.
v. 7, no. 6, 1914).

Report Porto Rican Board of Commissioners of Agriculture (Vol. 3,
jon EPS. IIS).

Some notes on the life history and habits of Lauron vinosa Drury (Lepi-
doptera, Hypsidae). Insecutor Inscitae Menstruus, v. 2, pp. 108-111,
1914).

Aphides or plant-lice attacking sugar-cane in Porto Rico. 19 pp. illus.
1915. (Porto Rico Bd. Commrs. Agr., Rio Piedras. Bul. no. 11.)

The sugar-cane moth stalk-borer (Diatraea saccharalis Fabr.). 30 pp.
illus. 1915. (Porto Rico Bd. Commrs. Agr., Rio Piedras. Bul. no. 12.)
(Also Bul. no 12 of Insular expt. sta., Rio Piedras.)

The sugar-cane weevil root-borer (Diaprepes spengleri L.). 19 pp. illus.
1915. (Porto Rico Bd. Commrs. Agr., Rio Piedras. Bul. no. 14.)
(Also Bul. no. 14 of Insular expt. sta., Rio Piedras.)

Insects affecting vegetable crops in Porto Rico. 11 pp. illus. 1915.
(U. S. Dept. Agr. Bul. no. 192.)

The eggplant tortoise beetle. (Cassida pallidula Boh., 8 pp. illus. 1916.
(U. S. Dept. Agr. Bul. no. 422.)

Notes on Anasa andresii Guer., an enemy of cucurbits. Jour. Econ. Ent.
v. 9, pp. 431-434. 1916.

The sweet-potato leaf-folder (Pilocrocis tripunctata Fab.) 12 pp. illus.
1917. (U.S. Dept. Agr. Bul. no. 609.)

A list of the Coccidae of Porto Rico. Puerto Rico, Bd. Commrs. Agr.
Jour. v.71; pp. 1=16.1917-

Occurrence of a fungus-growing ant in Louisiana. Jour. Econ. Ent.
v. 10, p. 561. 1917.

Life history of Pemphigus populi-transversus . . . with technical descrip-
tions by C. P. Gillette. Jour. Agr. Res. v. 14, pp. 577-594, illus. 1918.
(K-71).

Miscellaneous truck-crop insectsin Louisiana. 19 pp. illus. 1918. (U.S.
Dept. Agr. Bul. no. 703.)

The southern green plant-bug (Nezara viridula). 27 pp. illus. 1918.
(U. S. Dept. Agr. Bul. no. 689.)

A peculiarly marked adult of Nezara viridula L. (Hemip.). Wash. Ent.
Soc. Proc. v. 22, pp. 171-172, illus. 1920.

Observations on Tabanidae (horseflies) in Louisiana. Jour. Econ.
Ent. ve 16, pp: 30/=3125 1923:

The eggplant leaf-miner, PAthorimaea glochinella Zeller. Jour. Agr.
Res. v. 26, pp. 567-570, illus. 1924. (K-121.)

Gypsy and brown-tail moth infestations are checked by imported
parasites. By C. W. Collins and T. H. Jones. 1932. U.S. Dept.
Agr. Yrbks 1932) pp. 236239:

Parasite reared from the elm leaf beetle and the imported willow leaf
beetle. Jour. Econ. Ent. v. 26, p. 513, 1933.

Longevity of adults of elm leaf beetles. Jour. Econ. Ent. v. 29, p. 217.
1936.

Effectiveness of imported insect enemies of the satin moth. By T. H.
Jones, R. T. Webber, and P. B. Dowden. 24 pp. illus. 1938. (U.S.
Dept. Agr. Cir. no. 459.)

Cankerworms. 8 pp. illus. 1939. (U.S. Dept. Agr. Leaflet no. 183.)

Elm bark beetles. 8 pp. illus, 1939. (U.S. Dept. Agr. Leaflet no. 185.)

James A. Hystop and Joun E. Grar.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 3, MAR., 1941 63

A NEW ISONEUROTHRIPS FROM NEW ZEALAND
(THYSANOPTERA, THRIPIDAE).

By J. C. Crawrorp,
Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. 8. Department of Agriculture.

A name is needed for this species, since it is reported to be
doing considerable damage to the flowers of grapes in a restricted
area in the Aukland district of New Zealand.

Isoneurothrips obscuratus, new species.

Female.—Length (distended) 1.45 mm. Dark brown, head and thorax more
or less reddish brown; antenna entirely dark brown, except for a narrow whitish
ring just beyond pedicel of segment III and base of IV beyond pedicel somewhat
lightened; femora concolorous with body, tibiae distinctly lighter than femora
and lightened apically, tarsi yellowish; forewing dark, with an almost hyaline
band beyond scale. Antennal segments III, [V, and VI subequal in length; fore
vein with a complete and continuous row of bristles which number distinctly
more than those on hind vein; comb on abdominal tergum VIII complete but
the spines sparse, mostly in groups of two, each spine on an enlarged base;
sterna III-VII each with from three to five pairs of accessory bristles.

Head distinctly wider than long, constricted just behind eyes so that the eyes
appear somewhat bulging; with very distinct transverse anastomosing lines;
occipital carina much darker brown than rest of head; ocelli large, in an equi-
lateral triangle, with brownish-red crescents, posterior ocelli well separated from
eyes; facets of eyes large, two or three ventro-caudal ones larger than the rest:
eyes strongly but sparsely pilose; interocellar bristles about on a line tangent
to the posterior margin of anterior ocellus and just outside of a line tangent to
the outer margins of the anterior and posterior ocelli; postocular row of bristles
with one bristle back of ocelli, the one next outwardly and one almost at lateral
margin of head longest, subequal.

Pronotum with sculpture similar to that of head, but closer and more delicate;
mesonotum with similar but still closer and stronger sculpture; pronotum with
strong discal bristles, of which only a pair situated near lateral margins at about
one-third the length of pronotum from posterior margin are distinctly longer and
stronger than the rest; posterior margin of pronotum with 3 pairs of bristles
between the postangulars; fore vein of anterior wings with 18 to 20 bristles, those
distad only slightly farther apart than those basad; hind vein with 13 to 15
bristles.

Abdomen normal, basal subcostal lines of terga almost black; tergum X not
contracted medially at sides, split open above almost to base.

Measurements (in microns): Head, length 114, length from front of eye to
occipital carina 104, width across eyes 152, greatest width across cheeks 156;
-nterocellar bristles circa 22 to 24; longest postoculars about 30. Prothorax,
Jength 144, width 208; long anteriorly directed bristle at anterior angle 26;
postangulars, outer 88, inner 92; middle pair of postmarginals 24, inner post-
marginals 38; long pair of bristles on lateral margins 44; wing 860. Bristles on
tergum IX, outer 124, middle 112, inner 72; on tergum X, both pairs 102.

64 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 3, MAR., 1941

Antennae: 1 2, 3 4 5 6 7
Weng the sons 36 44 60 60 42 60 20
Wid thse 30 24 21 22 20 20 9

Described from eight females with the record, “Henderson,
Auckland |New Zealand], Dec. 20, 1940, ex grape flowers,
W. Lindeman coll.”

Type Catalogue No. 55193, U. S. National Museum.

In most of the paratypes the tarsi are distinctly brownish and
in the lighter-colored specimens there is less contrast in color
between the femora and the tibiae and less apical fading on the
tibiae.

Five of the specimens have both antennae with seven seg-
ments; one has the left antenna seven-segmented and the right
with the distal segments missing; one has the left style missing
and the right antenna eight-segmented; and one has the left
antenna seven- and the right eight-segmented.

The described species of the genus which have a complete
comb differ, in part, as follows: /soneurothrips antennatus Mit.
has antenna III (60 4) much longer than VI (48 uv); debautiae
Mit. has antenna I-IV whitish, and wing and body bristles
transparent, except for brown postangulars and bristles at apex
of abdomen; fu//owayi Mit. has antenna IIT (45 ») much longer
than VI (36 u); pallipes Mit. has antenna III (39 y) distinctly
shorter than VI (48 nu); sumatrensis Pr. has antenna III en-
tirely, and IV and V at base, clear yellow, and the bristles on
fore vein outwardly are spread apart so that there appear
to be a basal series of 11-13 followed by a distal series of 4 or 3
with a total of 15 or 16, hind vein with 14-16; sumatrensis var.
cinchonae Pr. (to which obscuratus runs in Priesner’s key') is
said to have the prothorax longer than wide (!), antenna III
yellow and distinctly longer than VI, postangulars shorter
(62 u), and the wing bristles as in the typical form; wi//iamsi
Milt. has antenna III (51 uw) longer than VI (45 pw), antenna I
whitish, Il and basal one-third of III brownish yellow, con-
colorous with head, general body color brownish yellow.

The species for which the status of the comb on tergum VIII
is not stated in the descriptions differ in part as follows: australis
Bagn. is a yellow species; orientalis Bagn. has antenna III
yellow white and, according to Priesner (/. c., ante), the comb
incomplete; mu/tispinus Bagn. has the interocellars as long as
the postoculars, the spines on the fore and hind veins equal in
number, and the fore tibiae yellow; setifer Ky. has the head
longer than wide.

1 Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.-Ind., vol. 94, pp. 284 et seq., 1934.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 3, MAR., 1941 65

SOME FLEABEETLES INJURIOUS TO BEANS IN TROPICAL
AMERICA (GENUS DIPHAULACA, FAMILY CHRYSOMELIDAE).

By H. S. Barser,
Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. S. Department of Agriculture.

A few fleabeetles found in cabins of passenger planes arriving
at Brownsville, Tex., from the south and submitted for identi-
fication represent a species which seriously injures Mexican
“frijole” culture but is not yet known in our country. Attacks
by this species in the delta of the Rio Grande may be expected.
It has long been known under the name Diphaulaca aulica
(Oliv.) and is externally similar to that species. The two differ,
however, in the shape of the aedeagi and must be regarded as
distinct. The generic name is to be maintained for them, but
most of the species which have been placed in Diphaulaca are
not congeneric. Nomenclatorial and taxonomic details appear
to be as follows:

Diphaulaca Chevrolat 1837 (iz Dejean, Catalogue de Colé-
opteres, 3d ed., p. 412) was proposed to include 16 tropical]
American species, of which 3, 4/tica aulica Oliv. 1808, Haltica
striata Klug 1829, and Altica:janthinipennis Latr. 1832, had
already received valid names. The first of these, au/ica, became
the genotype through designation by Chevrolat 1845 (in
d’Orbigny, Dict. Univ. d’Hist. Nat., vol. 5, p. 46). Clark 1865
cited the two prior contributions and gave a formal description
for the genus but did not mention au/ica by name. He credited
the generic name to Chevrolat and added descriptions of 9 new
species. Six more new species were named by Harold 1875, and
several more by Jacoby 1883 and 1902. Few of the species can
here be considered, but these require proposal of 2 new generic
and 3 new specific names. Al] material here discussed is in the
United States National Museum.

Jacoby’s concept of Diphaulaca aulica agrees closely with the
limits of the genus Diphaulaca as here defined. He mentions
variability in more than a hundred specimens from Mexico to
Guiana, concluding, “I prefer to look upon them as varieties.”
A different view now seems necessary.

About 50 dissections of male genitalia have been made from
among 300 specimens, representing a number of localities from
Mexico to Cayenne. These indicate 5 species as below distin-
guished and probably others not now so clearly indicated. The
habitat of this group from Texas to Uruguay should be more
adequately sampled and dissections prepared. The internal
sac remains unknown, but the cleared aedeagus shows no recog-
nizable armature other than that on the inflexed apex of the
orificial plate, which seems to be distinctive in the new species

66 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 3, MAR., 1941

from Panama. Throughout their habitats these species seem
to attack cultivated and wild legumes.

Several specific names have been given to forms similar to,
or perhaps conspecific with, Diphaulaca aulica. Three of them
are mentioned below but are not placed in the following key.

1. Elytra punctate-striate; prothorax red
Elytra without striae of punctures in series, surface smooth, shining,
finely, sparsely, irregularly punctulate; a transverse impressed area
at basal fourth delimiting a large, subquadrate, gibbous area near
scutellum, separated from humeral callus by a feeble longitudinal
impression; form robust, ovate; color black and metallic blue or
green; aedeagus subcylindrical, moderately curved, widened and
flattened in apical third, rounded at apex, under surface with a
very strong, median, lamellate carina in apical half, separating
a pair of deep sulci. Mexico to Costa Rica. (Diphaulaca nitida
Jac. 1883, type of new genus) =. Diphaltica, new genus.
2. Elytra black with strial punctures becoming irregular, confused, and
obsolescent toward apex; base of elytra evenly convex, only the
humerus gibbous; form subglobular ovate; aedeagus straight, four
times as long as wide, convex and sclerotized above, nearly flat
below with side margins subparallel, strongly sclerotized and with
median three-fifths membranous from basal third to near apex;
eastern part of United States. (Diphaulaca bicolorata Horn 1889,
ty perOl Me weGens) i eee ele ee eee Hornaltica, new genus.
Elytra blue or green, the punctures regular, forming fine striae almost
to apex, the humeral and discobasal gibbosities distinct; form more
elongate and depressed; aedeagus simple, slightly depressed,
curved; Neotropical. (Diphaulaca Chev. restricted) __..-.-22------------------ 3
3. Antennae, legs, abdomen, and usually the metasternum black or
fuscous, elytra dark blue; head and prothorax red; aedeagus rather
slender with acute apex; Guatemala _Diphaulaca wagneri Harold 1875.
Body and appendages red, tarsi and intermediate antennal joints
usually somewhat infuscate, elytra bright blue or green
4. Aedeagus relatively broader, its width at basal fourth (sub-basal
constriction) almost one-fourth its length, its apex right-angled
ogivall (@ay.ennesee => eases na ere eres Diphaulaca aulica (Oliv. 1808).
Aedeagus relatively narrower, its strong subbasal constriction about
one-seventh) as, broad vastits) lerpit hese ee 5
5. Apex of aedeagus ogival, usually acutely angulate, dorsal plate closing
the orifice broad, smooth, shining, concave. Cordoba, V. C.,
INTCKXi Cows Soe set EE ee Diphaulaca cordobae, new species.
Apex of aedeagus broadly and evenly arcuate or obsoletely angulate____.. 6
6. Apex of aedeagus subangulately elliptical and slightly elevated, its
upper surface broadly concave, with a small, short, median, sub-
apical carina or tubercle; the orificial plate nearly plane with two
feeble submedian longitudinal costae. Summit, C. Z., Panama......
Diphaulaca panamae, new species.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 3, MAR., 1941 67

Apex of aedeagus broadly rounded and feebly bituberculate at
middle of upper margin, the broad shining orificial plate narrowly
concave near its apex. Merida, Venezuela. 2 2

Diphaulaca meridae, new species.

Diphaltica nitida (Jac. 1883, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Coleop., vol. 6, pt. 1, p. 265).
Of this genotype we have two paratypes received from the Godman-Salvin
collection and with these are associated a series from Cordoba, Mexico (Knab,
1907-8), and others from Costa Rica (Schild, Bergdorf, Ballou, Valerio, Never-
mann), some of them labeled as on Cestrum aurantiacum. Numerous representa-
tives of similar species are not specifically assigned. Jacoby suggests that
nitida may be a synonym of Haltica sallei Harold 1876.

Hornaltica bicolorata (Horn 1889). The excellent description by Horn
(Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 16, p. 234) and the above-mentioned characters
show this little-known species to be unrelated to Diphaulaca. Orestioides Hatch
1935 (Ent. News, vol. 46, p. 276), genotype Crepidodera robusta Lec., is closely
related but differs in its arcuate aedeagus, regular elytral punctures, and
sharply defined pronotal sulcus. The habits of dicolorata are unknown, but its
habitat appears to be extensive. One of Horn’s cotypes bearing his original
label is from Bayou Sara, La.; and another from Detroit, Mich., also in the
Hubbard and Schwarz collection, is probably the one from which he recorded
that State. Several other specimens are from Fort Monroe, Va., and Coleta
and Mobile, Ala.

Diphaulaca wagneri Harold 1875, Coleopt. Heft. 14, p. 5. Type locality,
Guatemala. The black legs and abdomen, supposed to distinguish this species,
appear in samples from Oaxaca to the Volcano of Chiriqui.

Diphaulaca aulica (Oliv. 1808, Ent. vol. 6, p. 678) is believed to be repre-
sented by only one male from its type locality, Cayenne, French Guiana.

Diphaulaca cordobae, new species. Type and 30 paratypes from Cordoba,
V. C., Mexico, May 16, 1906, F. Knab; 4 paratypes, Rodriguez Clara, V. C.,
Mexico, June 20, 1929, on frijoles, A. Dampf; 6 paratypes, St. Lucrecia, V. C.,
June 21, 1905, F. Knab. Other samples, probably of this species, are labeled
Tuxtepec, Oax., Almoloya, Oax., Rincon Antonio, Oax., and Acapulco, in
Mexico, but 2 males received from the Godman-Salvin collection, labeled
“Atoyac, Vera Cruz, April, H. H. S.,”’ may be mislabeled since they agree with
the species below described from Venezuela.

Diphaulaca panamae, new species. Type and 11 paratypes collected on pole
beans at Summit, C. Z., Panama, October 30, 1918, H. F. Dietz; 8 paratypes,
Toboga Island, Panama, June 12, 1919, Dietz and Zetek; 3 paratypes, Ancon,
C. Z., Panama, 1919, Molino and Zetek; 2 paratypes from leaves of red kidney
bean, SW. Antioquia, Colombia, F. L. Galego M.

Diphaulaca meridae, new species. Type and 32 paratypes, Merida, Venezuela,
S. Briceno; 11 paratypes, Merida, Venezuela (from duplicates of Bowditch
collection); 10 paratypes, Trinidad, West Indies, June, 1905, August Busck;
4 paratypes, Aripo savana, Trinidad, October 26, 1918, H. Morrison; 1 paratype,
Port of Spain, Trinidad, November 23, 1918, H. Morrison. Some other speci-
mens from the type locality, also from Montserrat, Trinidad, June,'1905, Busck,

68 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 3, MAR., 1941

and from Caracas, Venezuela, Bro. Anthonius, and A. J. C. Rojas, are not suit-
able for definite study. ’

Diphaulaca volkameriae (F. 1792, Ent. Syst., vol. 1, pt. 2, p. 28), long cata-
logued as from Brazil, was originally described as living on Volkamera aculeata
(now Clerodendron), a West Indian plant on which Wolcott 1936 (Jour. Agr.
Univ. Puerto Rico, vol. 20, p. 275) records the similarly blue and red Oedionychis
bicolor (L.) in Puerto Rico. Pflug, who collected the Fabrician type, was at
St. Croix, where he died in 1785, but he had collected on other islands and per-
haps on the Caribbean mainland. The Brazilian form recorded under this name
as a pest of beans by Monte 1933 (abstract in Rev. Appl. Ent., A, vol. 22,
p. 664) may be striata Klug. No West Indian sample agreeing with the Fabrician
description is known to me.

Diphaulaca striata (Klug 1829, Preis-Verz. Ins.-doubl., Berlin, p. 9) of
southern Brazil is represented by only two doubtfully identified females.

Diaphaulaca janthinipennis (Latr. 1832, Voy. Humbold., vol. 2, p. 24) has no
recorded type locality. Its home may have been anywhere on the route which
Humboldt traveled from the Guianas to Guayaquil and both coasts of Mexico,
but its description does not conform as to sculpture and ventral coloration with
species before me unless a few samples from Salvador, which are neither of the
two new species listed from Central America, may represent this species.

Actual date of publication, March 26, 1941.

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“SOME. FLEABEETLE ryuRIOUs To

an Mee

‘April, 1941 No. 4

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VOL. 43 APRIL, 1941 No. 4

NEW NORTH AMERICAN GENERA AND SPECIES OF
APTERYGOTAN INSECTS OF THE FAMILY JAPYGIDAE.

By H. E. Ewrne,

Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. S. Department of Agriculture.

In recent years but little work has been done on the North
American members of the Apterygotan family Japygidae.
Nearly all the papers that have been published dealing with the
North American species have been by the Italian entomologist,
F. Silvestri, who has described a small number, chiefly from the
Neotropical part of the continent. Under these circumstances
the reporting in this paper of two new genera and three new
species from North America should be of special interest.

The japygids described as new in this communication were all
collected by W. F. Turner, of the Division of Fruit Insect
Investigations, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine.
They were obtained as soil inhabitants in a survey of the
arthropods infesting the soils of peach orchards.

Order ENDOTROPHI.
Family JAPYGIDAE.
HEMIJAPYX, new genus.

Body sparsely clothed with short setae; no long tactile setae on abdomen.

Head with sides subparallel. Labium without palpi. Outer lamina of inner
lobe of maxilla simple, long, setiform. Antenna with 18 segments; sense setae
absent.

Thorax with a pair of straight, lateral, submarginal, tactile setae, considerably
longer than the body setae, on each notum. Only the anterior ventral pair of
thoracic spiracles present. Middle tarsal claw minute, sharply pointed.

Abdomen with segments VIII and IX of the usual shape. First abdominal
sternum without median glandular organ. Subcoxal organ without microsetae,
but with a row of five or six setae. Abdominal segments II and III each with a
pair of large vesicles. Styli each with basal spur. Spiracles on segment VII
circular, slightly enlarged. Tergum VI subequal to VII; tergum VII with
outwardly rounded lateral margins and rounded posterolateral corners; tergum
VIII about as long as VII, with posterolateral corners rounded. Forceps with
similar arms, each of which has but a single articulating acetabulum, a single
tooth and no denticles.

70 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 4, APR., 1941

Type species.—Hemyapyx unidentatus, new species.

Remarks.—Only the type species is included in this new genus,
which is unusual in that the arms of the forceps each has but a
single tooth and no denticles and each is provided with but a
single articulating acetabulum. Each of these arms is more
of less fanglike, or resembles probably more closely the sting of
a scorpion. They are excellently adapted for piercing the body
walls of small arthropod victims upon which the species doubt-
less feeds.

This genus should have a position among the more primitive
of the family, because of the following characters: The small
number of segments in the antennae; the absence of sense setae
from the same; and the absence of the median glandular organ.

Hemijapyx unidentatus, new species.
Prate, 8, HKicures 1) 2) 3:

Head subquadrangular, slightly longer than broad. Segment I of antenna as
broad as long; segment II as long as I but not so broad; segments III and IV
each with a single whorl of setae; segment XVI with two whorls of setae, XVII
with three very irregular whorls and XVIII studded with setae, forming, how-
ever, only one distinct whorl, which is at the base. Mandible with proximal
lobe formed into a bladelike projection; between it and distal clawlike tooth are
two large teeth and five smaller ones as shown in figure 1. All but outer lamina
of inner lobe of maxilla pectinate as usual, but outer Jamina similar to a long»
stout, curved seta, and extending almost to tip of strong maxillary claw.

Pronotum about as broad as long, with anterior transverse row of six setae
including the two submarginal tactile setae and posterior transverse row of four
similar but somewhat shorter setae, in addition to two small, short, lateral,
marginal setae on each side. Mesonotum divided by a transverse suture, in
front of which is situated a single pair of submedian setae. Metanotum larger
than mesonotum, transverse suture very distinct. In front of transverse suture
of metathorax are situated four rather small, submedian setae arranged in a
transverse row and four submarginal microsetae (two on each side) situated
near transverse suture not far from lateral margins of body. Legs equal; tarsal
claws of a single pair equal.

Abdomen with first seven segments of about equal width and similar in shape;
segment VIII quadrangular, slightly longer than broad; [X almost twice as
broad as long but not so broad as VIII; X about one and a half times as long as
broad and well sclerotized and pigmented. Each stylus with an inner, subbasal,
curved seta in addition to outer basal spur. Each subcoxal organ occupying
about one-fourth of posterior margin of sternum I and bearing five or six sub-
equal, curved setae arranged in a transverse row. A pair of vesicles on abdom-
inal segments I, II and III; those on II and III large and conspicuous. Abdom-
inal segments I to VII each with a small pair of spiracles, those on VII being
somewhat larger than the others. Forceps almost as long as segment X; each
arm with a single articulating acetabulum which is entirely lateral; arms sub-
equal, each with subbasal tooth very sharply pointed, setae of varying lengths
as shown in figure 3.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 4, APR., 1941 71

Length of body including forceps, 2.90 mm.; width (that of abdominal
segments III and IV), 0.25 mm.

Type locality —Escambia County, Alabama.

Type (holotype) —U. S. N. M. No. 54394.

Remarks.—Description based upon two adult specimens
taken in peach orchard soil July 10, 1936, by W. F. Turner
(T-322). These adults are probably females, since the genitalia
are very simple and there are no secondary sexual characters
such as median foveae.

MIOJAPYX, new genus.

Body sparsely clothed with short, straight setae, but longer tactile setae also
present.

Head with straight lateral margins which slightly diverge posteriorly. Labium
without palpi. Outer lamina of inner lobe of maxilla simple, long, setiform.
Antenna with 20 or 21 segments; sense setae absent.

Thorax with two pairs of straight, lateral, submarginal, tactile setae on each
notum. Anteroventral pair of thoracic spiracles present; other thoracic spiracles
absent. Middle tarsal claw of all legs minute to vestigial.

Abdomen with segments VIII and IX of the usual shape. First abdominal’
sternum without median glandular organ. Subcoxal organ with one row of
setae and one row of microsetae. Abdominal segments II and III, as well as all
following segments, without vesicles. Styli without basal spur. Spiracles on
segment VII circular, slightly, if at all, enlarged. Tergum VI subequal to VII;
tergum VII with outwardly rounded lateral margins and non-acute postero-
lateral corners; tergum VIII about as long and as wide as VII but with parallel
lateral margins. Forceps with similar arms, each having an almost straight
inner margin provided with medium-sized, irregularly-shaped, sharp teeth.

Type species.—Miojapyx americanus, new species.

Remarks.—Only the type species is included in this new genus,
which is most nearly related to Parajapyx Silvestri. It differs
from Parajapyx in that the styli are without the basal spur and
abdominal segments II and III are without vesicles.

Miojapyx americanus, new species.
Piate 8, Ficures 4, 5, 6.

Head about as broad as long; lateral genal margins broadly rounded. Antenna
with 21 segments; segment I fully as broad as long; segment II longer than I
but not so broad; segments III to V each with several setae which are not ar-
ranged in a whorl; segment VI and several segments immediately distal to it,
each with setae arranged in a whorl; end segment and several segments proximal
to it each studded with setae which do not form as much as one whorl. Mandible
with inconspicuous proximal lobe which is not formed into a tooth or blade;
distal tooth long, curved, clawlike, considerably exceeding the others. All but

72 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 4, APR., 1941

outer lamina of inner lobe of maxilla strongly curved and pectinate; but outer
lamina long, curved, and setalike.

Pronotum but slightly longer than broad, with anterior curved row of six
setae, including the four longer tactile ones, and a single posterior pair of discal
setae. Mesonotum divided near its anterior end by a slightly curved transverse
suture, in front of which is situated a single pair of straight, submedian setae.
Metanotum similar to mesonotum and with similar arrangement of setae. Legs
equal or about so; tarsal claws of each pair not quite equal.

Abdomen with first seven terga subequal, each divided by a transverse groove
or line near its anterior end, in front of which is situated a single pair of submedian
setae. Each of first seven sterna divided by a similar transverse groove, but the
groove is situated farther caudad and in front of it is a transverse row of several
setae. Segment I with two subcoxal organs occupying about two-thirds distance
between the styli, each with four or five setae in the transverse row. Styli each
with an inner subbasal, curved seta. Segment IX of abdomen about one-half
as long as VIII; segment X with dorsum quadrangular and distinctly longer
than broad. Arms of forceps shorter than segment X, but broad at base; each
armed with about ten unequal, slightly curved, sharp teeth. Setae on each arm of
forceps varying much in size and length, about six of the smaller ones arranged
in a submarginal row near bases of teeth.

Length of body including forceps, 2.70 mm.; width (that of abdominal
segments III and IV), 0.24 mm.

Type locality —Saluda County, South Carolina.
Type (holotype).—U. S. N. M. No. 54395.
Remarks.—Description based on a single adult, in perfect

condition, taken in peach orchard soil, August 6, 1936, by
W. F. Turner (T-552).

Japyx turneri, new species.

Priate 8, Ficure 7.

Female.—Head about as long as broad, with sides slightly rounded outwardly.
Antenna with 33 or 34 segments; segment I broader than long: II not so broad
as I but longer; IV with two dorsal and one ventral sensory setae; V and VI each
with two dorsal, one lateral and one ventral sensory setae. Antennal segments
I to VI with setae irregularly placed; segments VII to XIV each with setae
arranged in a single whorl; segments beyond XIV, except for the last two, with
two whorls each, the more distal of which may be incomplete; last two segments
well studded with setae not arranged in definite whorls. Mandible with five
simple teeth; base of mandible slightly more forward than base of maxilla. All
laminae of inner lobe of maxilla pectinate, but distal one more slender and with
teeth set at an acute angle.

Pronotum with five pairs of long setae, four being submarginal, and four pairs
of very small setae, one pair being very near lateral margins. Mesonotum with
distinct, movable prescutum, which is provided with posterolateral, condylic
plates, articulating with thickened front margin of scutum; prescutum with a
pair of small, submedian setae and several very short and very sharply pointed

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43 PLATE 8

[73]

74 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 4, APR., 1941

microsetae on each condylic plate; scutum of mesonotum with a pair of internal,
posteriorly convergent, apodemal ridges. Metanotum similar to mesonotum
but slightly larger. Mesothorax and metathorax each with a dorsal and a ventral
pair of spiracles in their usual positions. Legs increasing slightly in size from the
first pair backward; tarsal claws of each pair unequal; middle tarsal claw much
reduced on front tarsi only.

Abdomen with first seven terga subequal, each divided by a transverse groove
near the front margin and by a median suture. Each of first seven sterna divided
by a similar transverse groove, but groove is situated farther caudad and there is
no median suture. Segment I with rather small median glandular organ which
contains about eight subequal, contiguous disculi. Subcoxal organs of segment
I each occupying about one-fifth the distance between the styli and each bearing
a row of six curved setae and a row of microsetae. Styli each with a subbasal,
curved seta and usually with a small to vestigial basal spur. Segment IX of
abdomen about one-half as long as VIII; segment X with tergum subquadrangu-
lar, the straight sides converging slightly posteriorly, and provided with a
median, posterior, semicircular process as shown in figure 7. Arms of forceps
very slightly dissimilar but to be regarded as of the “similar” type and almost
as long as segment X of abdomen; dorsal articulating acetabulum of each arm
heavily sclerotized, inner in position to ventral acetabulum but similar to the
latter; setae and teeth of forceps as shown in figure 7.

Length of body including forceps, 5.26 mm.; ; width (that of abdominal seg-
ments III and IV), 0.65 mm.

Male.—Unknown.

Type locality —Upson County, Georgia.

Types.—U. 8S. N. M. No. 54396.

Remarks.—Description based on two females, one of which
was taken in peach orchard soil at the type locality, July 6,
1936, by W. F. Turner (T-244) and the other in a similar situa-
tion by the same collector, in Saluda County, South Carolina,
August 5, 1936 (T-—534). An immature individual, not con-
sidered in the description of the species, was taken at the type
locality by Turner.

This species is similar to ¥. intercalatus Silvestri but has 33
or 34 segments in each antenna while Silvestri’s species has only
28. Also there are fewer disculi in the median glandular organ
in furneri than in intercalatus.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE,
(All drawings of equal magnification except no. 7, which is less magnified than
the others.)

Fig. 1. Hemijapyx unidentatus, new genus and species; dorsal view of iaandibles

Fig. 2. Hemijapyx unidentatus, new genus and species; ventral view of postero-
lateral aspect of abdominal sternum I.

Fig. 3. Hemijapyx unidentatus, new genus and species; dorsal view of right arm
of forceps.

Fig. 4. Miojapyx americanus, new genus and species; dorsal view of right
mandible.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 4, APR., 1941 75

Fig. 5. Miojapyx americanus, new genus and species; ventral view of postero-
lateral aspect of abdominal sternum I.

Fig. 6. Miojapyx americanus, new genus and species; dorsal view of right arm
of forceps.

Fig. 7. Fapyx turneri, new species; dorsal view of posterior part of tenth
abdominal segment and the forceps.

THE GENUS ECTECEPHALA IN NORTH AMERICA (DIPTERA,
CHLOROPIDAE).!

By Curtis W. Sasrosky,?
Michigan State College.

The genus Ectecephala Macquart, originally founded for the
North American species Ectecephala albistylum Macquart,
appears to represent a Neotropical element or derivative in the
fauna of the Eastern United States. Approximately 25 specific
names are available in the genus, of which seven names are
Nearctic and fall within the scope of the present paper. If we
follow Malloch’s implication (1938, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S. Wales,
LXIII, p. 337) and limit the genus to those species possessing
hairs on the posterior portion of the mesopleura, the genus
Ectecephala s. str. in North America will contain a/bistylum
Macq., /aticornis Coq., sulcifrons Coq., and sulcata Sabrosky,
new species.

The North American species referred to in the literature as
Ectecephala capillata (Coq.) (See Becker, 1912, Ann. Mus. Nat.
ung eeX..p. 7 ls Sabrosky 21935, rans Amer. Ent. Soc: Lox,
p. 235; and Brimley, 1938, Insects of North Carolina, p. 387)
was found to be Chlorops unicolor Loew. The type of Coquil-
lett’s species is from Nicaragua, and I propose to restrict the
use of capillata to that form; the paratypes from Georgia and
North Carolina should be referred to C. unicolor. From the
type in the Naturhistorisches Museum at Vienna I find that
Ectecephala similis Becker is also a synonym of unicolor. In
both unicolor and capillata Coq. s. str., as well as in several
Neotropical forms described as Ectecephala, the mesopleura is
glabrous, entirely lacking the fine hairs possessed by the geno- °

1 Journal Article No. 425 (n.s.) from the Michigan Agricultural Experiment
Station.

2 The writer is greatly indebted to a large number of institutions and collectors
for the loan of material for study, and particularly to Mr. David G. Hall of the
U. S. National Museum for his kindness in making available for study the long
series of specimens accumulated by Dr. J. M. Aldrich. He also wishes to thank
Mr. Nathan Banks for rechecking specimens with the type of Chlorops unicolor
Loew. Study of other types involved was aided by Grant No. 352 from the
Bache Fund of the National Academy of Sciences and by a Grant-in-Aid from
the Permanent Science Fund of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

76 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 4, APR., 1941

type and its related species. Decision as to whether these
deserve separate generic or subgeneric recognition will best be
held in abeyance until a complete generic revision of the
Chloropinae can be completed, and until the Neotropical
species can be thoroughly studied. For the sake of reference,
the synonymy and distribution of wnicolor is as follows:

Chlorops unicolor Loew. 1863. Berl. Ent. Zeit., VII, p. 51. (Cent. III, No. 93).
(Miss.)
= Chlorops capillata Coquillett, in part. 1904. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
VI, p. 98. (Paratypes, Ga. and N. C.)
= Ectecephala capillata Coquillett of authors (North American records).
= Ectecephala similis Becker. 1912. Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., X, p. 72.
(North America). New synonym.

DistripuTion: Alabama: Prattsville (Kans. Univ.). Arkansas: Fayetteville
(Ark. Univ.) and Polk Co. (Kans. Univ.). Florida: Gainesville (Univ. Mich.
Mus. Zool.) and “Florida” (Purdue Univ.). Georgia: Spring Creek in Decatur
Co. (Cornell Univ.). I/linois: Ashley, DuBois, Havana, Meredosia (Ill. Nat.
Hist. Surv.). Jndiana: Crawford Co. (Purdue Univ.) and Daviess Co. (U. S.
Nat. Mus.). Kansas: Manhattan (Kans. State Coll., and Sabrosky Colln.) and
Stafford Co. (Sabrosky Colln.). Louisiana: Lake Charles (Sabrosky Colln.),
Opelousas (Hough Colln., Field Museum), Red River Parish (Kans. Univ.) and
Winnfield (Univ. Mich. Mus. Zool.). New York: Long Island (Mus. Roy. Hist.
Nat. Belgique). North Carolina: Raleigh (N. C. Dept. Agr.). Oklahoma:
Broken Bow (Oklah. A & M Coll.) and Le Flore Co. (Kans. Univ.). Texas:
Cameron Co. (Kans. Univ.) and Houston (Sabrosky Colln.).

Key ro tHE NorrH AMERICAN SPECIES OF ECTECEPHALA S. STR.
(mesopleura with hairs.)

1. Frontal triangle with a distinct, deep median sulcus, extending
from the median ocellus nearly to the apex of the triangle. 2
= ‘Trianglemnotisulcate:. 2 2.) ee a ee ee 3}
. Large species (4-5 mm.); darker species, with black mesonotal stripes
and several black spots on the pleura; clypeus shining black...
sulcifrons Coq.
— Smaller species (3'4-3% mm.); paler species, with yellow ground color
and deep yellow to reddish mesonotal stripes, a broad reddish

stripe extending from the humerus across the upper half of each
pleuron and along the venter of the abdomen; clypeus reddish
Velo Wee te Bee 2 oe ag ee sulcata Sabrosky, new species.
3. Palpi yellow; third antennal segment elongate and narrowed apically,
about twice as long as its greatest breadth. albistylum Macq.
— Palpi black; third antennal segment shorter, not narrowed apically,
abourtsli2 stimesiaslongsas| broaden ene laticornis Coq.

Ectecephala albistylum Macq.

Ectecephala albistylum Macquart. 1850. Dipt. Exot., Suppl., IV, (2), p. 280.
(North America.)

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 4, APR., 1941 77

Ectecephala laevifrons Becker. 1912. Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., X, p. 153. New
synonym, in part (North America).

Becker described E. /aevifrons in his monograph of Neotropi-
cal Chloropidae, from Paraguay and Argentina, with a mention
of specimens from Kansas and Texas. The North American
specimens appear to be only dark examples of typical a/bistylum,
but the name /aevifrons may still be retained for the South
American form.

Albistylum is the genotype of Ectecephala Macquart (mono-
basic).

DistTRIBUTION: eastern United States, New Jersey co Colo-
rado, Texas and Florida. drkansas: Fayetteville (Ark. Univ.)
and Washington Co. (Kans. State Coll.). Colorado: Crowley
(M. T. James). District of Columbia: Washington (U. S. Nat.
Mus.). /vlorida: Hilliard (Kans. Univ.) and Orlando (U. S.
Nat. Mus.). J//inois: Algonquin and Danville (U.S. Nat. Mus.),
Champaign Co. (Canad. Nat. Colln.), Chicago (A. L. Melander
Colln.), Urbana (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.); Alto Pass, Dongola,
DuBois, Havana, and Meredosia (Ill. Nat. Hist. Surv.).
Indiana: East Chicago (Field Museum), and Lafayette (U. S.
Nat. Mus:, and Canad. Nat. Colln.). Jowa: Sioux City (Univ.
Minn.), and Des Moines, Makaska, and Muscatine Counties
(lowa Wesleyan Coll.). Kansas: Published records of nearly
100 specimens from eleven counties (Sabrosky, 1936, Trans.
Amer. Ent. Soc., LXI, p. 236), also Baldwin and Lawrence
(U. S. Nat. Mus.). Maryland: Plummer’s Island (U. S. Nat.
Mus.). Michigan: South Haven and Shelby (Sabrosky Colln.).
Cass Lake (Geo. Steyskal), East Lansing (H. E. Muilliron).
Minnesota: Anoka and Scott Counties, and North Branch
(Univ. Minn.). Mississippi: Shuqualak (Kans. Univ.). Missouri:
Atherton (Purdue Univ.), Atherton and Kansas City (Ark.
Univ.). Nebraska: Cambridge (Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard),
Fremont (Cornell Univ.), and “Neb.” (U.S. Nat. Mus.). Mew
Fersey: Trenton (Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.). North Carolina:
Raleigh and Blantyre (N. C. Dept. Agr.). Pennsylvania: “ Pa.”
(U.S. Nat. Mus.) and Harrisburg (Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard;
also a published record by Walton, 1911, Ent. News, XXII,
p. 321). South Dakota: Elk Point, bred from Cenchrus sp. (U.S.
Nat. Mus.); Elk Point, Springfield, and Yankton (S. Dak. State
Coll.). Tennessee: Knoxville (U. S. Nat. Mus.). Texas:
College Station (Texas A & M Coll.); Eastland, Jackson, Jim
Wells, and Victoria Counties (Kans. Univ.); Cibolo River at
Sutherland Springs (Sabrosky Colln.); Victoria, Cuero, and
Dallas (U. S. Nat. Mus.). Virginia: Falls Church and Great
Falls (Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard); Veitch, Mathias Point, and
Difficult Run (U. S, Nat. Mus.).

78 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 4, APR., 1941

Ectecephala laticornis Coq.

Ectecephala laticornis Coquillett. 1910. Canad. Ent. XLII, p. 46. (Colo., Ga.,
NAG)

A well-marked species, of whose identity there has been no
question.

DisrriBpuTION: Eastern United States, New York to Colo-
rado and Georgia. Colorado: Ft. Collins (Colo. State College,
and U. S. Nat. Mus.). Georgia: paratype (U. S. Nat. Mus.).
Kansas: Published records from eleven counties (Sabrosky,
1936, op. cit., p. 235). New York: Babylon (F. S. Blanton).
North Carolina: paratype (record repeated by Brimley, 1938,
“Insects of North Carolina’). South Dakota: Canton, Spring-
field, Waubay, and Winner (S. Dak. State Coll.).

Ectecephala sulcifrons Coq.
Ectecephala sulcifrons Coquillett. 1910. Canad. Ent., XLII, p. 46. (Kansas.)

Other than the type series (two specimens, Arkansas City and
Kinsley, Kansas), no specimens have been seen which could
positively be associated with su/cifrons. Specimens from Turkey
Creek and the Santa Rita Mts., Arizona (Kans. Univ.) are very
close and probably represent the species.

Ectecephala sulcata Sabrosky, new species.

Yellow species with reddish triangle, mesonotum, and dorsum of abdomen.

&, 2. Head pale yellow, face and cheeks whitish, front deep yellow, browned
laterally near the bases of the antennae, ocellar tubercle black, frontal triangle
with a broad red stripe on each side extending forward from the base nearly to
the apex, the stripes merging on the lower 2/5 or more of the triangle, leaving
only the apex and a small triangular area surrounding the ocelli yellow. Two
narrow red lines extend ventrad on the occiput from the basal angles of the
triangle and join a broad red transverse band which reaches from eye to eye
midway on the occiput. Apical 2/5 to half of the third antennal segment black,
the antennae otherwise yellow, basal segments slightly darkened and the arista
white. Palpi pale yellow, clypeus and proboscis deep yellow. Front slightly
wider than an eye, and projecting slightly but distinctly beyond the anterior
margin of the eyes. Triangle long and moderately narrow, at its base distinctly
separated from the eyes, the acute apex reaching the anterior margin of the
front; moderately convex above the flatness of the front, a distinct median
sulcus extending from the median ocellus about 3/4 the length of the triangle.
Eyes apparently bare, but under high magnification with short sparse hairs;
longest diameter of eyes slightly oblique. Height of cheeks subequal to the
breadth of the third antennal segment and less than 1 /3 the height of the eyes.
Face receding in profile, the vibrissal angle obtuse and rounded. Oral opening
small, palpi weak, proboscis short and fleshy. Antennae porrect, second segment
slightly elongate, the third segment nearly 1% times as long as wide, slightly
concave dorsally. The arista appears thick and white because of dense short

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 4, APR., 1941 719

hairs, the basal segment enlarged. Bristles black but short and inconspicuous;
the usual inner and outer verticals, proclinate divergent ocellars, and strongly
proclinate, parallel postverticals. The red lateral stripes of the triangle each
with two rows (sometimes as three irregular rows) of black hairs set in fine
punctures, leaving the yellow central area smooth and glabrous. The few weak
fronto-orbital and frontal hairs are brown and inconspicuous, as are the pale
vibrissae and hairs along the lower margin of the cheeks.

Thorax: notum reddish, broadly pollinose on the dorsocentral lines and
between the humeri and the wing bases, giving the appearance of three broad
shining stripes and two shining supra-alar vittulae, the median stripe abbre-
viated posteriorly by the pollinose posterior slope of the mesonotum. Scutellum
triangular, apically rounded, the disk reddened. Pleura bright yellow, each
pleuron with a broad red stripe extending across the lower half of the humerus,
upper half of the mesopleura, most of the pteropleura, and except for a slight
break at the base of the halteres, continuing as an equally broad red stripe along
the ventral margin of the tergites to the apex of the abdomen. Sternopleural
spot orange, inconspicuous. Metanotum orange, subshining but thinly covered
with bright pollen. Thoracic bristles black, slender: 1 humeral, 1 + 2 noto-
pleural, 1 postalar, 1 posterior dorsocentral, and 1 subapical and 1 apical pairs
of scutellars. Notum and disk of scutellum rather thickly beset with short
dark hairs, each set in a fine puncture. Mesopleura with a few pale hairs near
the upper posterior margin.

Dorsum of the abdomen dark reddish to brown, distal margins of the posterior
segments narrowly yellow in some specimens. Sides of the abdomen yellow,
appearing as a broad yellow stripe between the dark dorsum and the narrow red
stripe along the ventral margins of the tergites. Venter membranous, yellow.
The numerous hairs are dark and short.

Legs entirely bright yellow, with black claws.

Wings hyaline, not browned, veins brown and strong except for the ultimate
section of the fourth vein. Second costal sector distinctly longer than the third
sector (114-1% times), the third longer than the fourth sector. Third and fourth
veins divergent from their bases, the third vein practically straight. Fore cross-
vein as arule enters the discal cell slightly but distinctly distad the middle of the
cell. Knob of halteres cream-white, the pedicel brown.

Length, 3.25-3.5 mm.

Known Distripution: Eastern and east central United
States.

Holotype, @, Lafayette, Indiana, Aug. 5 (J. M. Aldrich).
Allotype, same locality, Sept. 9, 1916 (J. M. Aldrich). Type and
allotype in the United States National Museum. 49 paratypes:
Arkansas: 2 2, Fayetteville, July 3 and 5, 1906 (Ark. Univ.).
District of Columbia: \ 2 (?), Bennings, June 14 (J. M. Aldrich)
Wes: Nat: Mus:):' W/inois: 1 9, Bluffs, Aug: 19, 1917; 4 9’,
Dubois, Aug. 8 and 9, 1917; 1 @, Urbana, June 18, 1915 (on
flowers of dogwood) (Ill. Nat. Hist. Surv.). Indiana: 7 2,
10 9, Lafayette, various dates, June 27 to Sept. 9, 1914 to 1918
(J. M. Aldrich) (U. S. Nat. Mus.); 1 9, Daviess Co., Aug. 8,

80 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 4, APR., 1941

1938 (M.-C. Reeves) (U. S. Nat. Mus.); 1 , Crawford Co.,
Sept. 30, 1934 (Purdue Univ.). Jowa: 1 o, Muscatine Co.,
June 14, 1936 (B. Berger) (lowa Wesleyan Coll.). Kansas:
1 ¢, Douglas Co. (F. H: Snow) (Snow Colln., Kansas Univ);
1 #, Lawrence, June (EF. S. Tucker; at twilight) (Hine Colln.,
Ohio State Univ.). Louisiana: 1 9, Opelousas, April, 1897
(Hough Colln., Field Museum); 1 @, Tallulah, July 15, 1925
(R. H. Painter). Michigan: 1, Detroit, June 19, 1938 (Geo.
Steyskal). Mississippi: 1 9, Lincoln Co., May 27, 1938 (W. F.
Turner) (U. S..Nat. Mus.). Missouri: 6 #, 4 9, Atherton,
May 21, to June 18, 1922 (C. F. Adams) (Purdue Univ.). Ohzo:
1 #, 2.2, Columbus, May 28, June 5, 1925 (R. H. Painter)
Painter, Sabrosky Colln). Tennessee: 1 2, Knoxville, May 21,
1891 (H. E. Summers) (U.S. Nat. Mus.)

Except for the sulcate triangle, the species is superficially
similar to Chlorops unicolor, but the latter has no hairs on the
mesopleura, the antennae are slightly less elongate, and the third
and fourth veins are more divergent. The resemblance is
sometimes quite marked, because uvicolor frequently has a
median reddish streak on the triangle in the same position as
the median sulcus, and with a similar appearance under low
magnification. In the structure of the triangle and antennae,
presence of mesopleural hairs, and general structure of the
body, sulcata is most closely related to E. laticornis Coq., from
which it differs by yellow palpi, lighter body color, and smaller
average size.

SOME EARLY BUTTERFLY RECORDS FROM GEORGIA.
By Austin H. Crark anp Leiria F. Crark.

Mr. Herbert S. Barber has been so kind as to call our attention
to photostat copies of the eleven catalogues of public sales of
insects published by Johann Karl Megerle [von Muhlfeld]
(1765-1840) in Vienna from 1801 to 1805, which were procured
for the library of the United States Department of Agriculture
by the late Dr. Walter Horn of Berlin-Dahlem.

The first two catalogues include no names of North American
butterflies, but beginning with the catalogue for the sale
scheduled for November 9, 1802, the names of many southern
species are mentioned.

In the few cases in which a definite habitat is given it is
“Georglia].”’ Presumably all these specimens came from
Georgia, whence they were sent to Herr Megerle by John Abbot,
at that time a resident of Jacksonborough, county seat of
Scriven (now Screven) County, situated on Beaver Dam creek
near its junction with Brier creek. Jacksonborough was

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 4,° APR., 1941 81

abandoned shortly after 1847 when the public buildings were
removed to Sylvania, the present county seat.

Abbot sent many butterflies and colored drawings to Europe
and descriptions of his specimens and reproductions of his
drawings were published by several authors, chiefly by Sir
James Edward Smith (1797), Jacob Hubner (1806-1824), and
Dr. J. A. Boisduval and Major John E. LeConte (May 2, 1829-
July 24, 1837).

The pages in Megerle’s catalogues are not numbered, but
there is a number before each of the species listed. The titles
of the several catalogues, and the species included in each, are
as follows:

CaTaLocus INSECTORUM QUAE VIENNAE AusTRIAE DiE IX ET SEQUENTIBUS
Novemsris MDCCCII. Avcrionis LEGE DIsTRAHUNTUR.
Papilio
401 Archippus = Basilarchia archippus

APPENDIX AD CaraLocuM InsEecroruM, QUAE Mense Novemprts MDCCCII.
ViENNAE AustrIAE Auctionis Lece VenpiTa FuErRe.

Papilio
64 Ajax = Papilio marcellus
96 Genutia = Anthocharis genutia
115 Nicippe = Eurema nicippe
128 Proteus = Goniurus proteus
135 Troilus = Papilio troilus

Caratocus INSECTORUM QUA VIENNAE AustrRIAE Die 28. Novempris 1803
Avuctionis Lece DisTRAHUNTUR.

Papilio
330 Ajax = Papilio marcellus
344 Archippus = Basilarchia archippus
345 areolatus. Sm. = Neonympha areolatus
360 Catullus = Pholisora catullus
389 Genutia = Anthocharis genutia
390 Glaucus = Papilio glaucus
401 Lhoneus = Papilio troilus var. ilioneus
430 Monuste = Ascia monuste
434 Nicippe = Eurema nicippe

436 notatus. M. ex. Georg. Maj.
Hecabe. Alae. antic. nig.
fase. flav. nig. notat.
posti. flav. margin. nig.
subt. flav. ocell. argent.

6.1 = Colias philodice philodice
447 Philenor = Papilio philenor
453 Plexippus = Danaus plexippus

454 Polydamas = Papilio polydamas

82 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 4, APR., 1941

480 Thoas = Papilio cresphontes

481 Troilus = Papilio troilus

483 Turnus = Papilio glaucus

487 Vanillae = Dione vanillae incarnata

CatTaLocus INSECTORUM QUAE VIENNAE AUSTRIAE DiE XX. ET SEQUENTIBUS
SepreMBRIS MDCCCIV. Avucrionis Lece DisrRAHUNTUR.

Papilio
460 Accius. Sm. = Lerema accius
468 Ajax = Papilio marcellus
488 Archippus = Basilarchia archippus
489 areolatus. Sm, = Neonympha areolatus
512 Catullus. Sm. = Pholisora catullus
523 Claudia. C. = Euptoieta claudia
527 Clyton. H. = Asterocampa clyton
529 Calanus Zi. Aff. et Magn.

Lincei.” = Strymon falacer
550 Eubule = Phoebis eubule
556 Gema. Zi. ex. Georg. Aff.

areolati. = Neonympha gemma
557 Genutia. C. = Anthocharis genutia
558 Gorgonia. Zi. ex Georg. Aff.

Tharos. = Phyciodes phaon
572 Huntera. F. = Vanessa virginiensis
583 Luvenalis. F. = Erynnis juvenalis
584 Ladon. C. = Lycaenopsis argiolus pseudargiolus
601 macropus. Zi. ex Georg. Aff.

Tuvenah. = Erynnis ? brizo
606 melinus. Zi. ex Georg. Aff.

W. latino.4 = Strymon melinus
618 Nicipe = Eurema nicippe
619 Niphon. Zi. ex Georg. Magn.

Lincet.? = [ncisalia niphon
634 Philenor = Papilio philenor
641 Plexippus = Danaus plexippus
642 Polydamas. C. = Papilio polydamas
648 Polyxenes. F. = Papilio polyxenes asterius
654 Proteus = Gonturus proteus
669 Syrichtus. FP. = Pyrgus communis
674 Tharos. C. = Phyciodes tharos
676 Troilus = Papilio troilus
679 Turnus = Papilio glaucus
685 Vanillae = Dione vanillae incarnata
687 Vitellius = Atrytone logan

ApPpENDIX AD CAaTALOGuUM INSECTORUM QUAE MENSE SEpTeMBRIS MDCCCIV.
VIENNAE AusTRIAE AucTionis LEGE VeNpDITA FUERE.
Papilio
438 Illioneus - = Papilio troilus var. ilioneus

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 4, APR., 1941 83

Caratocus InsEcroruM QUA VIENNAE AustTRIAE Dig Juntt MDCCCV.
Auctionis LEGE DisTRAHUNTUR.

Papilio
519 Accius. Sm. = Lerema accius
547 Archippus = Basilarchia archippus
548 areolatus. Sm. = Neonympha areolatus
551 Argiolus. Sm. = Lycaenopsis argiolus pseudargiolus
576 Catullus. Sm. = Pholisora catullus
585 Claudia C. = Euptoieta claudia
591 Clyton, H. = Asterocampa clyton
592 Calanus. Zi. = Strymon falacer
621 Eubule = Phoebis eubule
631 Gema. Zi. = Neonympha gemma
632 Genutia C. = Anthocharis genutia

635 Glaucus
654 Huntera
664 Tlloneus

Papilio glaucus
Vanessa virginiensis
Papilio troilus var. ilioneus

668 Fuvenalis = Erynnis juvenalis
669 Ladon. C. = Lycaenopsis argiolus pseudargiolus
686 Lycidas. Sm. = Achalarus lyciades
689 Macropus. Z1.' = Erynnis ? brizo
696 Melinus. Zi. = Strymon melinus
704 Niphon. Zi. = [ncisalia niphon
725 Philenor = Papilio philenor
733 Plexippus = Danaus plexippus
734 Polydamus. C. = Papilio polydamas
739 Polyxenes = Papilio polyxenes asterius
743 Proteus = Goniurus proteus
761 Syrichtus = Pyrgus communis
767 Tharos = Phyciodes tharos
772 Turnus. Ant. des. = Papilio glaucus
777 Vanillae = Dione vanillae incarnata
779 Vitellius = Atrytone logan
Notes.

1. Papilio notatus Megerle, 1803, appears to cover the same
species as Colias philodice Godart, 1819. This is the only species
occurring in Georgia suggesting Eurema hecabe but larger, with
a black spot on the fore wing and with a silver ocellus on the
under side of the hind wing. The figure 6 presumably refers to
the number of specimens at hand.

2. Lincei; Papilio linceus Fabricius, a synonym of Thecla
ilicis (Esper).

3. Papilio macropus Zilegler], related to juvenalis, is probably
Erynnis brizo (Boisduval and LeConte). Boisduval and
LeConte named this species Thanaos brizo in 1833 on the basis
of a colored drawing by John Abbot, which they published,
showing the male and female, under side, larva and pupa, and

84 PROC.. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 48, NO. 4, APR., 1941

food plant (Galactia glabella). Abbot made drawings of both
juvenalis and brizo, and probably sent specimens of both to
Europe. We know of no publication by Ziegler.

4. W. latinus; this is Thecla w-album.

It is interesting to note that all but one of the species credited
to Ziegler in the 1804 list (529 Calanus, 556 Gema, 558 Gorgonta,
606 melinus, and 619 Niphon), which are followed by non-
diagnostic comparisons with European species, were subse-
quently published by Hiibner. Whether Hubner obtained his
specimens already named by Ziegler from Megerle can not be
determined. Apparently Boisduval and LeConte, when they
gave the name brizo to one of the species illustrated by Abbot,
were unaware of Ziegler’s name macropus.

Species Listep By MEGERLE.

Megerle’s catalogues from 1802 to 1805 include the names of
thirty-five species of butterflies from Georgia. These are the-
following:

Neonympha gemma (Hiibner)
Neonympha areolatus (Smith)
Vanessa virginiensis (Drury)
Asterocampa clyton (Boisduval and LeConte)
Basilarchia archippus (Cramer)
Phyciodes tharos (Drury)
Phyciodes phaon (W. H. Edwards)
Euptoieta claudia (Cramer)

Dione vanillae incarnata Riley
Danaus plexippus (Linné)
Lycaenopsis argiolus pseudargiolus (Boisduval and LeConte)
Strymon falacer (Godart)

Strymon melinus (Hiibner)
Incisalia niphon (Hiibner)

Ascia monuste (Linné)
Anthocharis genutia (Fabricius)
Phoebis eubule (Linné)

Colias philodice philodice Godart
Eurema nicippe (Cramer)

Papilio philenor Linné

Papilio polydamas Cramer
Papilio polyxenes asterius Cramer
Papilio cresphontes Cramer
Papilio glaucus Linné

Papilio troilus Linné

Papilio troilus var. ilioneus Smith
Papilio marcellus Cramer
Goniurus proteus (Linné)
Achalarus lyciades (Geyer)

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 4, APR., 1941 85

Pyrgus communis (Grote)

Pholisora catullus (Fabricius)

Erynnis ? brizo (Boisduval and LeConte)
Erynnis juvenalis (Fabricius)

Atrytone logan (W. H. Edwards)

Lerema accius (Smith)

THE AVOCADO MITE OF CALIFORNIA, A NEW SPECIES.

By E. A. McGrecor,
Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. S. Department of Agriculture.

A species of spinning mite has been known to attack avocados
in southern California for over a decade. A related species has
attacked avocados and other trees in Florida for over thirty
years. Since these two mites of avocado resemble one another
superficially, entomologists and others have been identifying
the California species as Paratetranychus yothersi, the name
assigned to the Florida mite by the writer in 1914.’

At the time when Paratetranychus yothersi was described, the
male genital structure had not been studied and was unknown.
Rather recently male specimens were obtained from Florida and
studied critically, together with males of the California form.
This examination of the male characters revealed (see Figures 1,
2, and 3) that the California avocado mite is a distinct and un-
described species, and its description follows.

Paratetranychus coiti, new species.

Female.—Body outline widely ovate, about a third longer than wide. Dorsal
armature consisting of 26 strong, pale bristles, distributed about as usual; not
arising from tubercles. Greater portion of cephalothorax pale, rusty pink to
pink; a pattern of darker spots and blotches occupies much of the lateral area
and at times the median area of the abdomen, these blotches purplish brown to
blackish brown; forelegs and palpi rusty pink, the other legs pale. Two carmine
eye corneas on each side, just laterad of the subfrontal bristles. A series of
measured females averaged 0.397 mm. long (tip of mandibular plate to hind
body margin). Mandibular plate tapering gradually forward, and distinctly
emarginate anteriorly. Dorsal suture separating cephalothorax and abdomen
rather indistinct. “Thumb” of palpus much shortened axially, almost twice
as thick as long, bearing at its tip a nonclavate “finger” which is about as thick
as long; the dorsal sensilla is unusually slender and is situated unusually near
the base of the “thumb”; the customary pair of tacklike digituli arise just dorsad
of the terminal “finger’’; a weak hair arises near the base of the dorsal sensilla,
and a similar seta arises dorsally from the “thumb” at its base; a hair arises
near the ventro-distal angle of the “thumb.” Legs relatively short; foreleg
longest, barely two-thirds length of body proper, four-fifths width of body;

1 McGregor, E. A. “Four New Tetranychids.” Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., Vol.
VII, No. 4, 1914.

86 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 4, APR., 1941

well supplied with strong hairs. Relative lengths of the joints of foreleg as
follows: Coxa, 18; trochanter, 16; femur, 28; patella, 18; tibia, 17; tarsus, 20.
Tarsus I dorsally with 7 strong hairs and 2 weak hairs; tarsus II dorsally with 6
strong hairs and | weak hair; tarsi III and IV with only 4 hairs dorsally. Tip
of tarsus ( 9 ) bearing a simple claw, which is thick at base, straightish to about
midpoint, where it bends downward about 90°; at a point about one-third the
length of the claw from its base arise eight gently curving ventral spurs (in
pairs) whose tips conspicuously exceed that of the main claw, the proximal pair
being stronger; the usual four tenent hairs arise at the base of the main claw.
Collar trachea for the most part a straightish tube, ending in a somewhat en-
larged elliptical chamber. Egg oblate to lenticular, bearing dorsally a slender
axial stalk which somewhat exceeds the axial diameter of the egg.

Male.—Much smaller than female; a measured series averaged 0.297 mm.
(tip of mandibular plate to hind body margin). Body narrow, pointed behind.
Color paler than that of female. Palpus bearing a spur dorsally on second joint.
Tarsus of leg I of male with the main claw somewhat stouter and a little less
abruptly bent than in female; at a point about one-fourth the length of the
claw from its base arise three weak, straightish spurs which are surpassed by
the main claw. Penis with inner lobe rodlike; a very weak basilar lobe dorsally,
and a slightly stronger lobe ventrally at outer end of inner lobe. Shaft at point
of origin a little thicker than inner lobe; middle portion bent upward about 60°
from main axis of penis and very little narrowed; distal extremity bent backward
and very abruptly narrowed; the thin tip barely truncated.

Type slide —Cat. No. 1379, U. S. National Museum.

The type material is from Chula Vista, Calif., February 1,
1940, from avocado leaves, collected by Dean F. Palmer, deputy
agricultural commissioner for San Diego County.

A mite was described by Ewing from avocado from Yarrow Experiment
Station, Rockville, Md., as Oligonychus major, but is distinct from the California
avocado mite. In the male genital characters the California species is perhaps
closest to Paratetranychus ununguis Jac. and P. ilicis McG. The California
avocado mite may be distinguished from the above three species as follows:

O. Major.

“Thumb” of palpus not surpassing the palpal claw; tarsal claw (@) with
3 to 5 ventral spurs, these two-thirds as long as main claw; mandibular plate not

emarginate.
P. ununguis.

Terminal “finger’”’ of palpus almost twice as long as thick; tarsal claw (9 )
with 10 to 12 ventral spurs, these barely equalling the main claw; mandibular
plate not emarginate; inner end of collar trachea terminating in a globular
chamber; hook of penis narrow-attenuate (Hirst) ? recurved hardly 90°, about
equalling shaft; egg globular.

2 Widely truncate according to Zacher.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43 PLATE 9

hook

[87]

88 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 4, APR., 1941

P. ilicis.

“Thumb” of palpus almost as long as thick, exceeding the palpal claw;
terminal “finger” noticeably clavate; tarsal claw with 6 ventral spurs, these
about equalling the main claw; mandibular plate emarginate anteriorly; dorsal
bristles arising from prominent tubercles; collar trachea terminating inwardly in
a rectangular chamber; tarsus of leg I (9 ) fully one-half again as long as tibia;
penis with hook gradually acuminate to a sharp tip.

P. coiti.

“Thumb” of palpus almost twice as thick as long but much exceeding the
palpal claw; terminal “finger”? about as thick as long; tarsal claw (9) with 8
ventral spurs, conspicuously exceeding the main claw; mandibular plate dis-
tinctly emarginate anteriorly; dorsal bristles not arising from prominent tuber-
cles; hook of penis less than one-half length of shaft, extremely abruptly nar-
rowed to the barely truncate tip, which is deflected slightly more than 90° from
the axis of the penis; tarsus of leg I unusually short, barely longer than tibia;
inner end of collar trachea terminating in an enlarged elliptical chamber.

This mite was first brought to the writer’s attention in 1929,
by J. Elliot Coit and P. E. Oliver, both then engaged in agri-
cultural consulting service. Dr. Coit stated that the avocado
mite ‘‘started around Carlsbad and spread rapidly from there
. . . Several hundred acres were showing defoliation.” In the
last few years the writer has received this mite from seven
localities in San Diego County, one locality in Orange County,
and one locality in Los Angeles County, the collectors having
been J. E. Coit, P. E. Oliver, H. M. Armitage, Hi: J. Quayles
Dean Palmer, and J. R. Lafollette. It has been commonly
reported that the avocado mite is readily controlled by appli-
cations of sulfur dust.

At a constant temperature of 77° F., under laboratory con-
ditions, the avocado mite requires 7 days to complete a full
generation (egg to egg). At a constant temperature of 91.4° F.,
individuals of the avocado mite were not able to develop, and
mites in all stages, including eggs, died.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 9.
Paratetranychus coiti, new species, and P. yothersi McG.

Fig. 1. Penis of P. yothersi McG.
(Remaining figures are all of P. coiti, n. sp.)
Fig. 2 and 3. Penis (lateral view).
Fig. 4. Tarsal appendages of female (lateral view).
Fig. 5. Tarsal appendages of female (ventral view).
Fig. 6. Foreleg of female.
Fig. 7. Tip of palpus of female and its appendages (lateral view).
Fig. 8. Anterior half of mandibular plate.
Fig. 9. Collar trachea.
Fig. 10. Adult female (dorsal view).
Fig. 11. Tarsal appendages of foreleg of male (lateral view).
Fig. 12. Egg (lateral view).

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 4, APR., 1941 89

MINUTES OF THE 516TH REGULAR MEETING OF THE ENTO-
MOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, FEB. 6, 1941.

The Society met for its 516th meeting at 8 p. M., February 6, 1941, in Room
43 of the National Museum. President Ewing presided and 46 members and
19 visitors were present. The minutes of the previous meeting were read and
approved.

Sarah Hoke DeBord, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Washing-
ton, D. C., and Harry G. Walker, Virginia Truck Crop Experiment Station,
Norfolk, Va., were elected to membership. P. D. Sanders, Editorial Office of
the Southern Planter, Richmond, Va., was reinstated as a member.

The President announced that the Executive Committee had been considering
the advisability of extending certain privileges to members of the Society
following their retirement. Ata meeting held January 14, 1941, the Executive
Committee accepted a proposed Article of the By-laws and recommended that
it be considered at a general meeting of the Society as provided for by Article
VII of the By-laws. Austin H. Clark, who prepared the proposed Article, read
it to the Society, as follows:

Article VII. Retirement Privileges (the present Article VII to be designated

as Article VIII)—

Members of 15 years or more standing not in arrears for dues or otherwise
indebted to the Society when reaching the retirement age, or if retired for
any cause, on recommendation of the Executive Committee, may be con-

tinued as members without further payment of dues; members thus relieved
of the payment of dues will not be sent copies of the Proceedings.

There was discussion by Rohwer, Cushman, Poos, McIndoo and Snodgrass.
Rohwer moved that the proposed Article be amended by the elimination of the
clause, “members thus relieved of the payment of dues will not be sent copies of
the Proceedings.” Cushman seconded the motion and it was passed. The
matter was then set aside for consideration at a later meeting.

Under Notes and Exhibition of Specimens, E. A. Back exhibited samples of
hair insulation material which had been infested by 1000 moths per square foot.
He said that the beetles, Mezium americanum Lap. and Thylodrias contractus
Mots. were also present.

Austin H. Clark conveyed the greetings of the Honorary President, L. O.
Howard, with whom he and Mrs. Clark had spent some time that evening. He
also gave a short note on a nomenclatorial matter.

The first item of the regular program was a talk entitled “ Biometric methods
in entomology,” by F. M. Wadley, of the Bureau of Entomology and Plant
Quarantine. Discussion followed by Rohwer, Muesebeck, Yeager, Cory and
Snodgrass. The Address of the Retiring President, entitled “Insect taxonomy
in relation to economic entomology,” was given by C. F. W. Muesebeck. A
spirited and humorous discussion then took place, participated in by Rohwer,
Muesebeck, Wadley, Heinrich, McIndoo, Clark, Sasscer, Cushman and Cory.

Upon invitation from the chair, the following visitors greeted the Society:
H. K. Townes, W. W. Chapman, Ralph B. Swain, A. G. Webb.

Adjournment at 9.55 p. M. AsHLeEY B. Gurney,

Recording Secretary.

90 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 4, APR., 1941

MINUTES OF THE 517TH REGULAR MEETING OF THE ENTO-
MOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, MARCH 6, 1941

The 517th meeting of the Society was held at 8 p. m., Thursday, March 6,
1941, in Room 43 of the National Museum. Vice-President Cory presided, and
44 members and 10 visitors were present. The report of the February meeting
was approved as read.

The first item of business was the consideration of an amendment to the
By-Laws, concerning retirement privileges. The Recording Secretary read the
proposed article as originally submitted, and also an amendment to it proposed
at the February meeting which provided for the sending of the Proceedings to
any retired members covered by the proposed article. Following discussion by
Wood, Snodgrass and Gurney, the amendment was defeated. There was
further discussion by Anderson, Snodgrass, Wood, Clark, Webb and Gurney,
and the new Article VII of the By-Laws was adopted, reading as follows:

“Members of 15 years or more standing not in arrears for dues or otherwise
indebted to the Society when reaching the retirement age, or if retired for any
cause, on recommendation of the Executive Committee, may be continued as
members without further payment of dues; members thus relieved of the
payment of dues will not be sent copies of the Proceedings.”

The following were proposed for membership, and, after discussion by Poos,
MclIndoo, Clark and Snodgrass, were elected:

Candido Boliver Pieltain, Instituto Enfermedades Tropicales, Colonia
Anahuac, Mexico, D. F.

J. D. Maple, Division of Foreign Parasite Introduction, Bureau of Ento-
mology and Plant Quarantine.

John L. Sperry, 3260 Redwood Drive, Riverside, California.

Joseph L. Williams, Lincoln University, Lincoln University, Pa.

The death of T. H. Jones was announced, and James A. Hyslop and John E.
Graf were appointed to prepare a biographical sketch. A short obituary notice
of Samuel Henshaw, prepared by Dr. Ewing, was read by the Recording Secre-
tary. A committee composed of J. S. Wade and J. A. Hyslop was appointed to
write a more extended biography for publication in the Proceedings.

Under Notes and Exhibition of Specimens, J. A. Hyslop discussed Senotainia
trilineata (V. d. W.) (Diptera, Sarcophagidae), a commensal of Eumenes fraterna
Say (Hymenoptera, Eumenidae). Early in September, 1940, he received an inquiry
from Marguerite Remark, of Sinking Spring, Ohio, with the statement that she
had found a peculiar mud formation on the under side of an hibiscus leaf. From
the description he believed that the mud formation was the nest of some species
of Eumenes, but Miss Remark went on to state that on placing this nest in a
Mason jar 9 flies emerged from one of the mud nests. Under date of September
13, there were obtained from Miss Remark 5 of these mud nests which proved
to be Eumenes fraternus Say, determined by R. A. Cushman. With this material
were several small Diptera, the flies to which she referred in her letter of Sep-
tember 5. These were badly broken, but were identified by D. G. Hall as
Senotainia trilineata (V. d. W.) This species has long been known to infest the
nests of Bicyrtes and Bembix, but heretofore has not been recorded as infesting
the nests of Eumenidae. The mud nests were found to contain the remains of

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 4, APR., 1941 91

lepidopterous larvae, determined by Carl Heinrich as Geometridae. (Author’s
abstract.) :

A few comments were made by Bishopp.

The regular program consisted of the following talks:

1. Lethal effect of heat on Bacillus larvae.

C. E. Burnside, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine.

The degree of resistance to heat of Bacillus larvae, the bacterium that causes
American foulbrood of honeybees, appears to vary widely among individual
spores. The great majority are quickly killed by boiling or autoclaving and
more slowly at temperatures below boiling. Hot air is several times less effec-
tive than wet heat for destroying spores, while hot beeswax is less effective than
hot air at the same temperature. A small percentage of the spores appear to be
more resistant to heat than the majority, while occasional spores seem to possess
extreme resistance. Growth was obtained in culture from spores exposed as
follows: Boiling in water for 7 hours, exposure to flowing steam for 7 hours,
boiling in diluted honey for 5 hours, autoclaving in saturated scales also scales
in water at 15 pounds for 25 minutes, autoclaving in dry scales (exposed to
steam in the autoclave) at 15 pounds for 40 minutes, exposure in beeswax at
100° C. for 5 days, at 75° C. for 42 days, and at 66° C. for 83 days, exposure to
hot air at 98° C. for 46 hours, at 75° C. for 13 days, and at 66° C. for 52 days.
The limit of resistance in some cases may not have been reached.

Heated spores in culture are extremely variable in incubation, luxuriance of
growth, and percentage of positive cultures. In some cultures growth appeared
to originate from one or a few of the most resistant spores.

Sixty-two colonies of bees inoculated with spores subjected to sub-lethal
heating all remained free from disease. The indications are that virulence of
spores is destroyed by heating sooner than is the viability in culture, or else not
enough spores survive to cause infection.

Four of 11 colonies given brood foundation with B. /arvae spores incorporated
in the wax developed disease within 1 month. Six of seven colonies that re-
mained healthy received a smaller number of spores in the foundation, while
one received the larger number of spores, but the wax was held at about 90° C.
for a longer period before the foundation was moulded than in case of the four
colonies that became diseased. (Author’s abstract.)

Discussion followed by Bishopp, McIndoo and Fracker.

2. The work of the Illinois Insect Survey.

B. D. Burks, Illinois State Natural History Survey.

Dr. Burks briefly traced the development of the Illinois Insect Survey, under
both its original and present organizations, and described the methods now being
followed in studying the insects of Illinois. He mentioned the various groups of
insects which had been treated in a monographic way and discussed the different
steps usually followed in selecting problems, doing field and laboratory work, and
finally bringing out a revisionary publication. (Secretary’s abstract.)

There were comments by Anderson and Muesebeck.

3. Mosquito associations of the Pacific Northwest.

H. H. Stage, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine.

Dr. Stage outlined the different interests which are affected in an economic
way by northwestern mosquitoes and discussed the several distinct associations

o) PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 4, APR., 1941

of species occurring in Oregon and Washington. The lumber and real estate
industries are seriously affected, and agriculture suffers as a result of the attacks
on both men and domestic animals by mosquitoes. The impress which these
insects have made upon campers, rangers and other outdoor people is exempli-
fied by the frequent occurrence of the word “mosquito” in the names of lakes,
creeks and other natural objects, and the torment to fishermen, huckleberry
pickers, golfers and others is well understood by any one who has experienced
a full fledged attack in our northern woods.

Excellent photographs of representative areas where mosquitoes are important
and where control work has been done were shown. Of particular interest were
those showing the appearance both before and after brush clearing or other
clean-up operations to remove favorable breeding conditions. (Secretary’s
abstract.)

Discussion by Stone and Cory took place.

Adjournment at 10.10.

Respectfully submitted, AsHLEY B. Gurney,
Recording Secretary.

BOOK REVIEW.

Insect Pests of Stored Grain and Grain Products. Identifications,
Habits, and Methods of Control, Richart T. Cotton, 242 pp., 93 figs.
$3.50, Burgess publishing Co., Minneapolis, Minn., 1941.

This book fills a long felt want and is excellently written by a man who has
been engaged for many years in the investigation of the subject treated. It
begins with an account of the Insect Pests of Stored Grain and Milled Cereals,
with illustrations of the principal insects treated. Each chapter is followed by
selected references to the subject. Chapter 2 treats of Controlling Stored Grain
Insects on the Farm, a subject of prime interest at present because of the opera-
tion of the “Ever Normal Granary” by the U. S. Department of Agriculture.
Then the subject of the Control of Insects in Grain Stored in Elevators and
Warehouses is taken up and recommendations are made for fumigation with
all modern fumigants and the use of heat and low temperature for insect control
under the conditions discussed. Chapter 4 discusses the Insect Problem in
Flour Mills, telling of the sources of infestation and methods of avoiding or
suppressing it.

Practical Control Methods in the Mill is the subject treated in chapter 5,
which is one of great importance to the flour trade. This and the following
chapter on Protecting Flour After Manufacture, are eloquent of Dr. Cotton’s
intimate and comprehensive knowledge of these subjects and his appreciation
of the difficulties involved in producing insect free flour. Fumigants and
Fumigation is the subject of chapter 7 and tells all, from the effect of fumigants
on the respiration of insects and how they kill the pests, to the “Behavior of
Fumigants in Mills and Warehouses.”” Then comes an account of the Common
Fumigants with their physical characteristics and their effect on the fumigator
if he is not careful to adopt the precautions described in the following chapter
on Flour Mill and Warehouse Fumigation.

This begins with a discussion of gas masks and first aid treatment and, thence,
to a complete exposition of the various methods of fumigation and the applica-
tion of heat for the destruction of insect pests. An index completes the volume
which is printed by the offset process on excellent heavy white book stock. A
very commendable feature is the character of the binding which permits the
book to lie flat, immediately, when opened at any page. In fact altogether an
excellent and practical job. —W. R. Wa tron.

Actual date of publication, April 30, 1941,

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Rye GEORGIA
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May, 1941 No. 5

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VOL. 43 MAY, 1941 Noz 5

NEW SPECIES OF PSEUDOCOCCIDAE.!

By H. S. McConneE 1,
University of Maryland, College Park, Md.

During the course of making a study of the coccid fauna of
Maryland, and the identification of material sent to the Uni-
versity and occasional collecting trips in South Carolina, a
number of forms have come to hand that are apparently un-
described. The five species described below as new belong to
the family Pseudococcidae as defined by Morrison.” They were
collected in Maryland and South Carolina during the past three
or four years. The genera represented are: Pseudantonina, one
species from South Carolina; Pseudococcus, two species, one
from Maryland and one from South Carolina; and Trionymus,
two species from Maryland.

The author is grateful to Dr. Harold Morrison of the Bureau
of Entomology and Plant Quarantine for the privilege of
studying material in the National Collection and for making
helpful criticisms of the manuscript.

The clerid mentioned in this paper was identified by Dr. E. A.
Chapin of the U. S. National Museum and the chalcids by
Mr. A. B. Gahan of the Bureau of Entomology and Plant
Quarantine.

Pseudantonina arundinariae, n. sp.

Adult female, in life, occurring between leaf sheaths of host, flattened on
account of position, derm pink to reddish (dead specimens dark brown to black),
dorsum nearly naked, powdery wax along margins, especially posterior part of
abdomen; no definite ovisac formed, eggs pushed out behind and mixed with
powdery wax.

Larvae, mounted, 0.7 mm. long and 0.22 mm. wide, sides parallel; antennae
6-segmented, with segment VI about as long as segments II, III. IV, and V,
together, otherwise normal in appearance; legs stout, tibiae and tarsi about
equal in length; beak rounded, about as long as wide at base, apparently 2-
segmented; anal lobes not protruded, apical setae long, stout, one subapical

1 Paper #540 Scientific Journal Series, Maryland Agricultural Experiment
Station.

> Annals of the Ent. Soc, of America, Vol, 22, p. 33, 1929.

94 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 5, MAY, 1941

seta; only trilocular pores present, arranged as follows: a marginal series of 28
to 34, apparently always one on each margin of abdominal segments, those of
head and thorax not so definitely arranged, a longitudinal row on sub-median
areas of dorsal and ventral surfaces of abdomen, others on head and thoracic
surfaces, but not in definite rows; abdominal setae arranged as follows: on
dorsum, a marginal series, apparently one seta on each segment, and six other
longitudinal rows, each with a seta on each segment except the apical, six
similar rows on the venter; two pairs of small cerarian spines on the apical seg-
ment with one associated seta and one trilocular pore; anal ring terminal or
nearly so with six anal ring setae; apparently only posterior pair of dorsal ostioles
present.

Adult female, mounted, from 2.5 to 5.2 mm. long and 1.7 to 2.5 mm. wide,
slightly irregular in shape, segmental restrictions distinct, derm slightly sclero-
tized at margins, sides subparallel, tapering somewhat toward the well-rounded
ends of the body; antennae at anterior margin of head, usually 6-segmented,
normal in appearance for pseudococcine forms, sometimes teretological, with
only 4 or 5 segments, first segment of normal antennae about twice as broad as
second, second and third segments subequal in length, fourth usually shortest
and narrowest, sixth segment twice as long as fifth, setae few, small; legs small,
probably non-functional, but all the segments present; tibiae and tarsi vary
considerably in length, tarsal digitules long, slender, hair-like, slightly knobbed
at distal end, claw digitules stouter, exceeding claw, claws without denticle;
derm about the hind coxae, or the hind coxae themselves expanded into a
comma-shaped blister, thickly set with many minute simple pores about twice
as deep as wide, leg proper attached near center of mesal margin of blister, leg
setae few, small; tentorial structure rounded, longer than wide; beak small,
rounded, wider at base than long, apparently 2-segmented; only apical pair of
cerarii present, composed of two small short cerarian spines, no grouping of
trilocular pores, and no definitely associated body setae; anal lobes, not at all
indicated, apical setae small, about 120 microns long, without any definitely
associated subapical setae, without a ventral thickening; trilocular pores ar-
ranged in broad, loose bands on abdomen, otherwise uniformly distributed, more
on dorsal surface than on ventral; multilocular pores numerous, nearly all
ventral, arranged in more or less definite patches, except on head, where scat-
tered, and few in number, and on apical segment where numerous and uniformly
distributed, extending on to dorsal margins; an anterior and posterior patch on
ventral margins of other abdominal segments and indicated on thorax, patches
extending on to dorsal margins of penultimate and antepenultimate segments;
a median transverse band of patches on penultimate and antepenultimate
segments; the number of pores in marginal patches decreasing from posterior
toward anterior; tubular ducts apparently lacking, but some deep pores on
ventral abdominal segments similar to those on hind coxae; body setae more
numerous on ventral surface and longer than on dorsum; abdominal setae in
definite loose transverse bands; setae on ventral surface of penultimate and
antepenultimate segments anterior to transverse band of multilocular pore
patches; setae on ventral margins of abdomen interspersed among anterior
patch of multilocular pores, with only an occasional one in posterior patch;
ventral setae of apical segment long, slender, uniformly distributed; anal ring

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 5, MAY, 1941 95

characteristic in shape (see Plate 10, fig. 3), about as broad as long, nearly
terminal, not at all invaginated, anal ring setae about as long as apical setae,
with usual inner and outer rings of pores; spiracles large, moderately sclerotized
with several trilocular pores loosely grouped lateral to the opening; no ventral
cicatrix; apparently only posterior pair of ostioles present.

Host—Arundinaria, sp.

Locality —Anderson, S. C., Aug. 18, 1939; August 25, 1939;
March 1, 1940; and July 11, 1940.

Holotype, collected Aug. 18, 1939, deposited in the National
Collection. Paratypes collected Aug. 18, 1939; Aug. 25, 1939;
March 1, 1940; and July 11, 1940, in National Collection,
Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station collection, Clemson
College collection, and author’s collection.

This species was described from a long series of specimens
collected at the type locality. It seems to be definitely related
to Pseudantonina bambusae Green and P. giganticoxa Lobdell,
an American species. Judging from the published descriptions
and illustrations, it differs from the P. dambusae in having the
derm about the hind coxae only expanded, and poriferous, the
anal ring not invaginated; more multilocular pores on the ventral
surface of posterior part of body, and fewer on head; and in
having a constant pair of apical cerarii that are not mentioned
in Green’s description of P. bambusae. It differs from P.
giganticoxa Lobdell in being elongate instead of broad and oval,
flattened instead of convex, one pair of dorsal ostioles instead of
two pairs, many multilocular pores on dorsum instead of a few;
deep, simple pores, instead of many small tubular ducts on body,
the hind leg attached at side of poriferous expanded derm instead
of at end, and in having a pair of constant apical cerarii.

Despite the fact that this species is well covered by the leaf
sheaths of the host, a high percentage are parasitized by a species
of Pseudaphycus. It is also attacked by the larvae of a small
clerid beetle, /sohydnocera curtipennis (Newm.).

Pseudococcus diodium, n. sp.

Living adult female small, oval and rather convex when fully mature, covered
with powdery wax, derm pink to reddish, unrubbed specimens with short pencils
of wax projecting from margins, ovisac formed of powdered wax mixed with
long threads.

Adult female, mounted on slide, from 1.6 to 1.9 mm. long and 1.1 to 1.3 mm.
wide; segmentation of abdomen fairly well indicated, derm membranous, eyes
rather prominent; antennae 6 or 7 segmented, normal in appearance, more
specimens 6-segmented than 7-segmented, some showing incomplete fusion of
segments III and IV; segments III and IV about equal in length in 7-segmented
specimens, terminal segment longest, fifth segment shortest, setae numerous,
quite stout; leg normal in appearance, rather stout, claw digitules small, clubbed,
only slightly exceeding claw, tarsal digitules small, slender, slightly clubbed,

96 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 5, MAY, 1941

scarcely reaching tip of claw, some specimens with clear pores on tibia and femur,
setae numerous and stout; beak almost as long as tentorial structure, conical,
distinctly 2-segmented; 17 pairs of cerarii, first three pairs on head with 3 or 4
cerarian spines, small, acutely pointed; other ceraril with only two cerarian
spines, size of cerarian spines increasing in size from anterior to posterior, cerarii
with two to four accessory setae, trilocular pores definitely grouped about each
cerarius, usually separated by less than their diameter, number about each
cerarius, varying from about 30 at the apical pair to 15 at the head cerarii; anal
lobes definitely protruded, ventral surface with a large pear-shaped thickening,
apical setae slightly shorter than anal ring setae, but stouter, 2 or 3 subapical
setae; multilocular pores few, about 20, grouped around genital opening, not
occurring elsewhere on the body; trilocular pores numerous, those on abdomen
principally in segmental bands, otherwise evenly distributed over body; tubular
ducts of a single type occurring only on ventral surface of posterior segments of
abdomen, rather large, one-third longer than wide, a group at the margins of
each of the four posterior segments, a few along the median portions of these
segments; body setae not numerous, rather small, those on abdomen arranged
principally in segmental rows, those on head and thorax evenly distributed,
ventral setae somewhat stouter and longer than dorsal; two pairs of large,
prominent dorsal ostioles with some grouping of trilocular pores; anal ring
normal in appearance, with usual inner and outer rings of pores, six anal ring
setae somewhat longer than the apical setae; without ventral cicatrix.

Hosts. —Diodia teres and false foxglove, Gerardia (Aureolaria)
laevigata.

Locality —Anderson, S. C., August 14, 1939, on roots of
Diodia teres. This species was found very common on Diodia
teres, a common annual weed, growing at margins of cultivated
fields and on terraces. It was also collected August 28, 1939,
on the roots of Gerardia (Aureolaria) laevigata growing in barren
woods.

Holotype collected August 14, 1939, at Anderson, S. C., on
Diodia teres deposited in the National Collection, numerous
paratypes collected Augst 14, 1939, and August 28, 1939,
on Gerardia (Aurecolaria) laevigata in National Collection,
Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station collection, Clemson
College collection, and the author’s collection.

This species is apparently closely related to a form Cockerell
described as Ripersia aurantia, which really belongs in the genus
Pseudococcus. It difters from that species principally in being
smaller, in having more than two cerarian setae in the three
anterior pairs of cerarii, fewer trilocular pores grouped about the
ceraril, and the ventral thickening of anal lobes much larger.

Pseudococcus junceus, n. sp.

Living adult female small, lightly covered with powdered wax, derm pinkish,
short tassels of wax along posterior abdominal segments on unrubbed specimens,
no definite ovisac formed, the eggs deposited beneath posterior tip of abdomen.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 5, MAY, 1941 97

Adult female mounted, small, elongate oval, fully matured specimens some-
what convex, posterior end truncate in appearance, length from 1.01 to 1.51
mm., average length of several specimens 1.2 mm., width from 0.63 to 0.99
mm., average width of several specimens 0.77, anal lobes slightly protruded,
abdominal segmentation rather distinct with some indication of sclerotization
of coriae; eye spots large, tuberculate; spiracles large; antennae usually 7-
segmented, occasionally segments III and IV partially or completely fused,
rather short, otherwise normal in appearance; beak slightly more than half as
long as tentorial structure, definitely 2-segmented, about as wide at base as long;
legs normal in appearance, claw digitules small, delicate, slightly exceeding claw,
tarsal digitules slender, short, not reaching tip of claw, hind coxae with a varying
number of rather large clear pores; only 6 to 8 pairs of cerarii recognizable,
cerarian spines gradually decreasing in size and increasing in length and distance
apart from the apical pair toward the anterior until they can not be differenti-
ated from body setae, the slight grouping of trilocular pores usually not evident
beyond the sixth pair anterior to apical pair, all cerarii with two small, acute
cerarian spines, 2 or 3 accessory setae in apical pair, others without; anal lobes
slightly indicated, without ventral thickening, apical setae nearly twice as long
as anal ring setae, stout; multilocular pores, few, about 40, all on ventral surface,
most of them grouped around genital opening, a few on median portion of the
two segments anterior to this opening; trilocular pores numerous, those on
abdomen in segmental bands, evenly distributed on remainder of body; tubular
ducts of one type, large, all on the ventral surface of the posterior 4 or 5 segments
of abdomen, a group on each margin and a few on the median section of these
segments; body setae not numerous, except on head area, in segmental bands on
abdomen, evenly distributed on remainder of body, those of ventral surface
slightly longer; two pairs large, prominent dorsal ostioles with some grouping of
trilocular pores; anal ring normal in appearance with the usual inner and outer
bands of pores and six anal ring setae; without ventral cicatrix.

Host.—Roots of Funcus tenuis

Locality —College Park, Md., June 26, 1938; October 19,
1730. March 17, 1939; and June 26,,1939.

Holotype, collected June 26, 1938, deposited in the National
Collection; numerous paratypes, collected on above dates, in
National Collection, Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station
collection and the author’s collection.

This species departs quite widely from the typical pseudococ-
cine form and its relationship to other forms is rather indefinite.
It has been collected in one restricted area only, in all cases on
Funcus tenuis, despite examinations in several areas, and several
different species of Funcus.

Trionymus caricis, n. sp.

Adult female, in life, long, narrow, egg laying individuals from 2 to 3 mm. in
length, between leaf sheaths of host; an ovisac formed, of indefinite character on
account of position on host plant, usually long, narrow, flat; body of female
pinkish to reddish in color, lightly dusted over with powdered wax.

98 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 5, MAY, 1941

Adult female mounted, length from 2.3 to 3.2 mm., width 0.7 to 1.2 mm., sides
nearly parallel, ends of body well rounded, segmental restrictions scarcely indi-
cated; antennae small, normally 7-segmented, some 6-segmented, and some
specimens with segments III and IV partially fused, average length of segments
in microns about as follows: I, 32; II, 29; III, 19; IV, 22; V, 22; VI, 23; VII, 64;
6-segmented antennae have segment III about 38 microns long; legs rather
small, slender, hind coxae with pores at base, varying from large to small in size;
claws slender, curved, claw digitules stout, exceeding claw in length, tarsal
digitules slender, exceeding claw, femur and tibia subequal in length, tarsus
about one-third shorter than tibia; tentorial structure rounded, somewhat longer
than wide; beak definitely 2-segmented, slightly longer than wide at base; only
apical pair of cerarii definitely developed, with two small slender acute cerarian
spines, a small group of trilocular pores separated from each other by two or three
times their diameter, and a group of 4 or 5 accessory setae, anteapical pair of
cerarii sometimes indicated by a single cerarian spine-like seta; anal lobes little
if at all indicated, without a ventral thickening, apical setae somewhat longer
and stouter than anal ring setae, several subapical setae; trilocular pores not
numerous, in loose segmentally arranged bands on abdomen, uniformly dis-
tributed over remainder of body; multilocular disc pores numerous, nearly all on
ventral surface, some on dorsal margins, and dorsum of posterior abdominal
segments, ventral pores distributed as follows: uniformly over posterior segment,
in loose anterior and posterior segmental bands on the three or four segments
anterior to the apical, remainder of abdominal segments usually with only a
posterior band; a few scattered over ventral surface of head and thorax; tubular
ducts of two kinds, small, and very small, the smaller ones about half the
diameter of the larger ones, and somewhat shorter, larger form more numerous,
distributed as follows: on abdomen larger ducts principally near margins, some
in a transverse row on each segment, smaller ducts few in number, scattered on
segments, body types few and scattered on surfaces of head and thorax; body
setae not numerous, ventral ones longer and stouter, in segmental bands on
abdomen between bands of multilocular disc pores; two pairs of dorsal ostioles;
ventral cicatrix circular to transverse oval between third and fourth abdominal
segments; anal ring not unusual.

Host.—Carex tribuloides Wahl.

Locality —Bowie, Md., at Priests Bridge, collected Aug 4,
1940.

Holotype, collected Aug. 4, 1940, in the National Collection;
paratypes collected same place and date, in National Collection,
Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station collection and
author’s collection.

This species was collected on C. tribuloides growing on the
banks of the Patuxent River. All specimens observed were
beneath the leaf sheaths. Other species of Carex and Cyperus
growing near were examined but no specimens were found. Its
relationship to other forms of the genus Triomymus is too in-
definite to warrant a statement. The double row of multi-
locular pores on the dorsum of the posterior abdominal segment

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 5, MAY, 1941 99

is quite striking, as is also the very narrow, elongate form. A
few specimens of the chalcid Xanthoencyrtus sp. were reared
from this species.

Trionymus cladestinis, n. sp.

Adult female collected while ovipositing deep in the crown of Panicum spp.,
some specimens on roots; large, dense, doughy masses of wax completely covering
one or two, or more specimens served as ovisac; derm of female pinkish; elongate.

Adult female mounted, elongate with well-rounded ends, sides parallel;
average length 3.5 mm. and average width 1.9 mm.; derm membranous; an-
tennae usually 7-segmented, normal in appearance, occasionally segments III
and IV partially fused; segment lengths in microns about as follows: I, 61; II, 50;
III, 30; IV, 39; V, 23; VI, 29; VII, 84; thus segment VII is much the longest;
legs normal in appearance, long and rather slender, tarsi about 2/5 as long as
tibiae; claws stout, curved, claw digitules exceeding claw, tarsal digitules long,
slender; hind coxae with clear pores at base, tibiae and tarsi sometimes with
small clear pores, two spine-like setae at apex of tibia; with only apical pair of
cerarii present, no modification of setae nor grouping of pores to indicate others,
the two cerarian spines rather small, sharp, 25 to 30 trilocular pores grouped
about cerarian spines, and 3 to 5 apparently associated setae; anal lobes not at
all indicated, without ventral thickening, apical setae long and stout, one or two
subapical setae; trilocular pores few, some suggestion of loose segmental arrange-
ment on abdomen, evenly scattered on head and thorax, somewhat more numer-
ous on ventral surface; multilocular disc pores numerous, distinct bands on
dorsal and ventral surfaces of all of body except head where scattered, more
numerous on ventral surface; two kinds of tubular ducts, small and very small,
the smaller ones about half the diameter of the larger ones, but only slightly
shorter; both kinds on both surfaces, larger ones more numerous, arranged as
follows: smaller ducts usually anterior to multilocular disc pore bands, larger
ones interspersed among multilocular disc pore bands, more numerous at margins
of abdomen, both types distributed on both surfaces of head, more at margins;
body setae few, arranged in transverse bands anterior to multilocular disc pore
bands on abdomen, ventral setae longer than dorsal, conspicuously so on head;
spiracles rather large with a group of trilocular pores about opening, more
numerous at posterior pair; anal ring heavily sclerotized, with usual inner and
outer bands of pores, six anal ring setae, about 115 microns long; ventral cicatrix
small, oval, apparently between third and fourth abdominal segments; two pairs
of dorsal ostioles with slight grouping of trilocular pores.

Hosts —Panicum cladistinum and Panicum sp.

Locality —Ashton, Md., October 12, 1939, and College Park,
Mads Oct. 14; 1939:

Holotype collected at Ashton, Md., October 12, 1939, in the
National Collection; paratypes collected at Ashton, Md.,
October 12, 1939, and College Park, Md., October 14, 1939, in
National Collection, Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station
collection, and in the author’s collection.

PLATE 10 PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43

Pate 10. Pseudantonina arundinariae, adult female: 1, details of dorsal and
ventral surfaces X 40; 2, posterior spiracle, X 240; 3, anal ring, X 330;
4, trilocular pore, X 1400; 5, multilocular pore, X 1400; 6, 6-segmented
antenna, X 100; 7, 4-segmented antenna, X 100; 8, hind leg, X 80; and pore
greatly enlarged; larva; 9, X 80.

| 100 }

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43 PLATE 11

Piate 11. Pseudococcus junceus, adult female: 1, outline of body, X 45;
2, antenna, X 220; 3, mesothoracic leg, X 140; 4, hind leg, X 140; 5, anal
ring, X 120; 6, posterior spiracle, X 300; 7, apex of abdomen, X 160; 8,
multilocular pore, X 2900.

{101}

PLATE 12 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43

Pirate 12. Pseudococcus diodium, adult female: 1, apex of head, X 155; 2,
outline of body, X 36; 3, 6-segmented antenna, X 130; 4, 7-segmented an-
tenna, X 130; 5, hind leg, X 130; 6, apex of abdomen X 85; 7, tubular duct,
X 1100.

[102]

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43 PLATE 13

Pirate 13. Trionymus caricis, adult female: 1, apex of abdomen, X 77; 2,
outline of body, X 37; 3, anal ring, X 220; 4, antenna, X 220; 5, hind leg,
X 220; 6, tubular duct, X 2600; 7, tubular duct, X 2600.

[103 |

PLATE 14 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43

Piare 14. Trionymus cladestinis, adult female: 1, outline of body, X 20;
2, anal ring, X 345; 3, apex of abdomen, X 85; 4, hind leg, X 145; 5, posterior
spiracle X 220; 6, antenna, X 145; 7, multilocular disc pore, X 950; tubular
ducts, X 1900.

[ 104 |

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 5, MAY, 1941 105

This species seems to be most closely related to Trionymus
insularis Ehrn., from which it differs principally in the following
respects: the legs are longer and more slender, and in the
number and arrangement of the tubular ducts on the abdomen.
In T. insularis they are very numerous and in crowded trans-
verse bands.

THE GENUS ZONOTHRIPS IN NORTH AMERICA
(THYSANOPTERA).

By J. C. Crawrorp,
Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. S. Department of Agriculture.

The genus Zonothrips Priesner was established in 1926" for
a new species from Java. The discovery of this, the second
species of the genus, in the northeastern part of the United States
is, therefore, of great interest. In habitus the species of this
genus greatly resemble many of the species of Sericothrips but
not those of the group to which the genotype belongs. In
Zonothrips there are only seven segments in the antenna, the
seventh and eighth segments being so completely fused that
there remains not even a trace of a suture between them, and
I know of no species of Sericothrips showing even a tendency to
such fusion.

Zonothrips osmundae, new species.

Female.—Length 1.1 mm. Orange yellow, head slightly paler, lateral margins
of prothorax broadly subhyaline; no dark pronotal saddle-shaped blotch; meso-
notum tinged with brownish, abdomen with brown marks; antennae with basal
segments light yellow, intermediate ones darkened apically, apical segments
dark brown; fore wings subhyaline, with scale and two cross bands of gray
brown; legs yellow, slightly tinged with orange brown and contrasting with body
color; combs complete on all intermediate segments; all body bristles, except
light brown ones on apical abdominal segments, only slightly tinged with yellow-
ish.

Head wider than long; eyes hardly bulging, sparsely pilose, and with large
facets; cheeks almost straight, slightly converging caudad; occipital carina not
darkened, very faint medially; lateral ocelli remote from eyes, ocellar crescents
maroon; ocellar area elevated, brownish; frontal costa roundly, deeply emargi-
nate; anteocellar bristles, interocellars, and inner postoculars subequal in length,
colorless and almost indiscernible; anteocellar region with transverse lines
postocellar and occipital regions faintly, minutely roughened; antennal segments
I whitish, II and III yellow lightly tinged with orange, with III lighter, paler

1 Treubia, vol. 8, Supplement, pp. 50, 51, 260.

106 proc. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 5, MAY, 1941

than II and very faintly tinged with grayish apically; IV and V light yellow,
light grayish brown in about apical one-third; VI and VII dark brown, with VI
lightened basally; III-VI pedicellate, VII with base narrowed.

Pronotum with transverse, sparsely anastomosing lines, those within the area
usually occupied by the colored blotch mostly about two pu apart, those in front
of blotch much farther (about four uw) apart, lines on mesoscutum and meta-
scutum closer than those on pronotal blotch; inner of dark forewing bands occu-
pying about the second one-fifth of wing, outer about the fourth one-fifth, the
inner somewhat the longer; costa with about 23 bristles, main vein with 3 + 17,
the outer one of the 17 farther separated from the others than they are from
one another; two bristles in row back of main vein; postangular bristles strongly
inclined inward; laterad of each postangular a pair of short, stout, strongly
curved bristles, pointing inward (Fig. 1, 4).

Abdominal terga II-VII with antecostal lines very dark brown, those on II-IV
paler or even subinterrupted medially on II; tergum II brown, terga III-VII
each with a brown band back of and adjacent to antecostal line, these bands
somewhat broader laterad, band on III the broadest, paler medially, band on
IV the narrowest, and those on V—VI successively increasing in width; complete
combs, composed of hairs of equal length, on VII and VIII, medial hairs on VI
somewhat shorter, medial hairs on V distinctly shorter, on III and IV the hairs
on mesal one-third irregular, exceedingly short, barely more than stubs; on III
the comb may be interrupted medially; comb hairs faintly tinged with yellowish
and almost impossible to see medially on basal segments except in caustic-
cleared specimens; hair bands distinct, composed of long, slightly yellowish
hairs, except on brown parts of terga, where the hairs are brown; these hair bands
wanting, except at extreme bases of terga, on medial portions of intermediate
segments.

Measurements (in microns): Head, total length 100, length from front of eye
90, width across eyes 140, greatest width across cheeks 130; anteocellar bristles,
interocellars, and inner postoculars 30, prothorax, median length 120, width 168;
postangulars 36; hind tibia 144, hind tarsus 80; bristles on tergum IX, 60, on X,

64; comb laterally on VIII, 24.

Antenna: I II rat LV V Vil val

eng tha 24 40 44 43 43 49 D8)

Witcl tinier 28 26 20 20 19 Ny 6
Male.—Length 1.0 mm. Very similar to the female, except in secondary

sexual characters; comb on tergum III broadly, on IV narrowly, interrupted.

Measurements (in microns): Head, total length 92, length from front of eyes
80, width across eyes 120, greatest width across cheeks 112; anteocellar, inter-
ocellar, and inner postocular bristles, 28; prothorax, median length 96, width
152; postangulars 32; hind tibia 132, hind tarsus 64; bristles on tergum LX, 58, on
X56:

Antenna: I Il Ill IV V VI VII
Wengthe 24 34 40 38 34 44 20
Will eee D5 24 20 18 7 15 6

PROC. ENT, SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 5, MAY, 1941 107

Type locality —Tenafly, N. J.

Host.—¥ruiting fronds of Osmunda cinnamomea.

Type.—No. 55195, U. S. National Museum.

Described from 42 female and 26 male slide-mounted speci-
mens and many specimens still in alcohol, all collected May 19,
1940 (J. C. Crawford).

Zonothrips karnyi Pr., the genotype, has the head brown,
terga II-IV brown, distinctly paler caudad, VII-IX very dark
brown, X paler; wings hyaline, with the base and a median cross-
band gray; hind tibia (230-235 yw) and hind tarsus (100 ~) much
longer; antenna much longer, segments III-IV vasiform and V
entirely dark.

Fig. 1. Zonothrips osmundae, n. sp. a, Left antenna of female. (All setae
omitted.) 4, Head and thorax of female. (Most minor setae omitted.)

108 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 5, MAY, 1941

OBITUARY NOTICE OF SAMUEL HENSHAW.

By J. S. Wave anv J. A. Hys op.

Samuel Henshaw, American naturalist and writer, and
member of the Entomological Society of Washington since
June 12th, 1892, died at Cambridge, Mass., on February 5,
1941. He was born in Boston, Mass., on January 29th, 1852.
Descendant of an old Boston family, he was a son of Joseph
Lyman and Jane Paine Henshaw. He was educated at the
Chauncy Hall School and the Boston Latin School. He married
Miss Annie Stanwood on April 28th, 1886 (died March 12th,
1900.) Since early youth he had been interested in the study of
natural history, particulary in entomology, and these interests
continued throughout his life. He was actively identified with
the Boston Society of Natural History from the beginning of his
membership in 1871 down to 1901. During this period he served
as a general assistant under the leadership of Professor Alpheus
Hyatt from 1876 to 1891 inclusive, and as Secretary and
Librarian from 1892 to 1901 inclusive. His duties during these
years included considerable general work on various groups of
vertebrates and invertebrates as well as much that was strictly
entomological in character, also preparation of material regularly
for use of Professor Hyatt, who was at that time science instruc-
tor in Lowell Institute. His library experience enabled him in
time to attain a wide knowledge of scientific literature, and in
later years to make outstanding bibliographical contributions in
entomology. His work with the Museum of Comparative
Zoology at Harvard, succeeding that of Dr. H. A. Hagen,
covered the years 1891 to 1927, inclusive. Beginning with
part-time assignments in entomology from 1891 to 1898 in-
clusive, he was Assistant in Entomology and Librarian from
1898 to 1903, inclusive. He was Curator of the Museum from
1903 to 1911, Director from 1911 to 1927, and Director Emeritus
from 1927 to 1941.

During the years while he was connected with these institu-
tions, he also had extensive experience with both of them in
editorial work, serving for a number of years as editor of various
of their publications. One of the founders of the Cambridge
Entomological Club, he was one of the editors for a long period
of its journal “Psyche.” In each issue of this periodical there
also appeared for many years a bibliographical resume of the
current literature on entomology prepared by Henshaw. His
memberships in scientific organizations included the American
Society of Naturalists and the American Society of Zoologists.
He was also a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and
Sciences. He received an honorary degree of Master of Arts
from Harvard in 1903,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 5, MAY, 1941 109

A survey of Henshaw’s published entomological works show
that his major interests were in the Coleoptera, in biographies
of entomologists, and in entomological bibliography. The prin-
cipal biographical matter written by him pertained to John
Lawrence LeConte, published in 1878, to George Henry Horn,
1879, Alpheus Spring Packard 1887, Hermann August Hagen,
1894, and to Philip Reese Uhler 1903. He also published a
resume of the Gypsy moth work in 1892. In addition to the
bibliographical material already mentioned, he compiled the
“Bibliography of American Economic Entomology,” parts
1 to 5, covering the years 1860 to 1889, published by the United
States Department of Agriculture 1890 to 1896 inclusive, a work
later continued to the present time by Nathan Banks and
Mabel Colcord. During the period in which these compilations
were being made, Henshaw served as Field Agent in the Federal
Department of Agriculture. Probably his most important single
work is the well known “List of Coleoptera of America North of
Mexico,” published in 1885, with his three supplements of
1887, 1889 and 1895, respectively. The original ‘Catalogue of
Coleoptera,” prepared by Frederich Ernst Melsheimer, revised
by Samuel Stehman Haldeman and John Lawrence LeConte,
and published by the Smithsonian Institution in 1853, had long
been superseded by the longer work by George Robert Crotch,
1873, and the Supplement by F. P. Austin, 1880, and when these
in turn were followed by the Henshaw ‘‘List,” it became at once
the most widely used work on the subject and continued thus
until the publication of the Charles W. Leng “Catalog” in 1920.
Thus, for 47 years the Henshaw ‘“‘List”’ was the standard work on
the subject and was to be found on the desk of practically every
working Coleopterist in the land.

A passionate lover of books, he gradually accumulated a large
and exceedingly valuable library, containing particularly many
rarities and other noteworthy material relating to the life and
work of Gilbert White of Selborne. Henshaw’s interest in
matters bibliographical also was evidenced in his labors over
long years in building up collections and in completing scientific
serials in the various libraries with which, from time to time,
he was connected.

As would be expected, the span of his lifetime covering so
many decades contemporary with one of the most significant
periods in the growth and development of American entomology,
enabled him to have among his colleagues many notable per-
sonalities. Among these friends were such individuals as
Alpheus Hyatt, Alexander Agassiz, Walter Faxon, H. A. Hagen,
Samuel H. Scudder, George L. Goodale, Henry P. Walcott and
many others.

On the whole, the life and career of Samuel Henshaw forms an

110 pRoc. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 5, MAY, 1941

excellent example of the superfluity of eulogy toward the careers
of men of outstanding accomplishment. In this case, his
achievements verily speak for themselves.

Grateful acknowledgment is gladly made to Drs. L. O.
Howard, Nathan Banks and Robert T. Jackson for portions of
the subject matter here presented.

A NEW SPECIES OF TIBRACA, INJURIOUS TO RICE IN
ECUADOR (HEMIPTERA-HETEROPTERA :
PENTATOMIDAE).

By Harry G. BarBer,
Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. S. Department of Agriculture.

Recently there has been received for determination by the
Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine a number of
specimens of a large pentatomid bug belonging to the genus
Tibraca. These were transmitted by Dr. Francisco Campos,
of Guayaquil, with the statement that they were injuring rice in
Ecuador. A description of this new species 1s published at this
time in order that the name may become available for use in
economic papers.

Tibraca simillima, new species.
(Fig: 1; 4,B.)

Sordid yellow testaceous, rather closely punctate with fuscous. Head of male
a little longer than wide (2.80 by 2.48 mm.); lateral margin very slightly con-
cave; jugae rather closely punctate, tylus more sparsely punctate, scarcely
exceeding the jugae; anteocular portion 1.68 mm. long, a trifle longer than width
of interocular space, which is 1.60 mm. wide. Antenna very nearly as long as
head and pronotum conjoined, the lengths of the respective segments as follows:
I, 0.72; I, 0.56; III, 1.44; IV, 1.20; and V, 1.36 mm.; black, with exception of
Bacal segment, whieh 3 is in part sordid yellowish testaceous. Apex of rostrum
just surpassing hind coxae. Pronotum but little shorter than head, about two
and one-half times as wide as long (6.56 by 2.64 mm.); lateral margin very
slightly concavely sinuate at the middle; surface closely and evenly punctate
with fuscous, the punctures more crowded along lateral submargin, the extreme
edge neither quite so broadly nor so conspicuously pale as in Tibraca limbativen-
tris Stal; humeral angle either narrowly rounded or subacute. Scutellum but
little wider than long (4.40 by 4.00 mm.), rather closely and evenly punctate
with fuscous, except for the narrow smooth area in each basal angle bordering
the deep black fovea. Punctations of corium similar to those on scutellum.
Membrane fuliginous. Pleura and venter rather coarsely punctate with fuscous,
the latter more sparsely fusco-punctate along the broad lateral margin as shown
in Fig. 1 B. Legs slightly paler than the corium; femora, except basally, faintly

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 5, MAY, 1951 111

dotted with fuscous; tibiae toward apices and tarsi, dark brown. Length of
male 12.80, of female 14.60 mm.

Type, male, Santa Ana, Ecuador, June, 1939, on rice, received from Dr.
Francisco Campos. Paratypes: Seven males and 20 females, all from Ecuador.
U. S. National Museum catalogue No. 55160.

Tibrica simillima is very closely related to T. limbativentris Stal, 1858,
described from Brazil and now known to attack rice in Surinam, according to
labeled specimens received from D. G. Giejskes. St&l’s species differs from
simillima by having the lateral margin of the venter broadly, conspicuously
pale, devoid of fuscous punctures (Fig. 1, C), the antenna longer, with the first
two segments more nearly equal and the third segment about twice as long as the
second. Two other smaller species of the genus Tidraca are known from South
America, T. fusca Haglund, 1868, probably from Brazil, and T. obscurata
Bergroth, 1914, from French Guiana.

Fig. 1.—A. Tibraca simillima, new species.
B. Lateral margin of venter of T. simillima.
C. Lateral margin of venter of T. limbativentris Stal.

112 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 5, MAY, 1941

MINUTES OF THE 518TH REGULAR MEETING OF THE ENTO-
MOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, APRIL 3, 1941.

The 518th meeting of the Society was held on Thursday, April 3, 1941, in
Room 43 of the National Museum. President Ewing called the meeting to order
at 8 p. M., and 40 members and 14 visitors attended. The report of the March
meeting was approved as read.

The Corresponding Secretary, F. W. Poos, announced that the Scientific
Monthly has recently undertaken to issue a Calendar of Scientific Meetings in
Washington, D. C., for each of the months October to June, inclusive.

The following were proposed for membership, and, after a few remarks by
Miss Russell and Dr. Cory, were unanimously elected:

Theodore L. Bissell, Georgia Experiment Station, Experiment, Ga.

H. L. J. Haller, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Washington,
Dic:

G. J. Haeussler, Box 171, Charlottesville, Va.

Phil Rau, 549 E. Argonne Drive, Kirkwood, Mo.

McGovyran and Cory called attention to a symposium on chemical control to
be held at Durham, N. H., June 25-26, in connection with the summer meeting
of the American Association for Advancement of Science.

Snodgrass briefly discussed some recent observations of morphological interest,
especially as related to the mechanism of flight in the honey bee.

The regular program was as follows:

1. Insect investigations at the Virginia Truck Crop Experiment Station. Harry
G. Walker, Virginia Truck Crop Experiment Station.
2. The development of the silkworm. Walker E. McBath, Bureau of Ento-
mology and Plant Quarantine.
Questions and comments were made by Harris, McIndoo, Anderson, Rees,
Gurney and Ewing.
3. The tobacco flea beetle and other insect pests of flue-cured tobacco. W. A.
Shands, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine.
Discussion followed by Anderson and Roark.

Upon invitation from Dr. Ewing, two visitors, John T. Bigham and Karl V.
Krombein, greeted the Society.

Adjournment at 10.10 p. M.
AsHLEY B. Gurney,

Recording Secretary.

Actual date of publication, May 27, 1941,

ANNOUNCEMENT

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Domestic shipments prepaid, foreign shipments f. o. b. Washington.

A new book “The North American Bees of the Genus Osmia” by Grace A.
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Postpaid to non-members and institutions..................- $3.00
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(Make checks, drafts, etc. payable to the Entomological Society of Washington.)

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CONTENTS

BARBER, HARRY G.—A NEW SPECIES OF TIBRACA, INJURIOUS TO RICE IN
ECUADOR (HEMIPTERA-HETEROPTERA : PENTATOMIDAE) .... .~

OPTERA) 26 1 eg 8 0s Ge Eee eee ees ae hee

MC CONNELL, H. S.—NEW SPECIES OF PSEUDOCOCCIDAE

June, 1941 No. 6

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
WASHINGTON; DEG.

second-lass matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C,, under
: Act of August 24, 1912.

THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF WASHINGTON 4
Orcanizep Marcw 12, 1884. oe vF

The regular meetings of the Society are held in the National Museum on the
tirst Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 P. M.

Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are
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OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1941.

Honorary: Prestdent 280 0-5: 5 tana a) ain ates ales he ae L. O. Howard ~~
Presidente ooo hai BOOP eee Tea a NDS ie Naig ae ose a H. E. Ewing
First VACEcPLestdent ss 6 i eI NIST ee Reet ae a eee E. Ne Corye aa
Second. VicecPresidentecc 2. pie eee Ce ee R. W. Harned
Recording Secretary ics oo2 ie aie ota ee eat oe Asuiey B. Gurney
Corresponding: Seerelary” ©. 2 eee eee cat ie eevee yates F, W. Poos
TH CASUPEE Ie I a at AN CONG hee. aan ca age W. B. Woop
BOOS PES Bae ae, GOEE Ee ee lg Ran open W. R. Watton

Executive Committee .C. F. W. Mugsezeck, R. E. Snoperass, E. A. Back —
Nominated to represent the Society as Vice-President
of the Washington Academy of Sciences ....... Austin H. Crarkx

PROCEEDINGS
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

VOL. 43 JUNE, 1941 No. 6

LEE ABRAM STRONG

Be it resolved, That the Entomological Society of Washington
at its regular meeting on June 5, 1941, express its deep grief at
the passing of Dr. Lee Abram Strong, distinguished leader of
American entomologists, and its sense of loss at this departure
of one of its well loved members. The society knew Dr. Strong
both as a friend and as a chief, and felt for him admiration,
respect, and affection.

Be it further resolved, Vhat this resolution as well as a bio-
graphical sketch of Dr. Strong’s services to the entomological
work of the United States be published in the Proceedings of the
Society and that the secretary be instructed to express to
Mrs. Strong and to other members of the bereaved family, our
sincere and heartfelt sympathy.

NOTES ON NEARCTIC PANGONIINAE (DIPTERA, TABANIDAE).!

By Corne.ius B. Puttip,
Medical Entomologist, United States Public Health Service.

The recent appearance of the excellent monographs by
Brennan (1935) and Stone (1938) on the 2 major subfamilies
of Nearctic Tabanidae (deerflies and horseflies) has emphasized
the desirability of revising the catalog list of North American
species which has been very much augmented since the useful
but badly outdated one by Aldrich (1905). The present dis-
cussion is intended to partially clear the way for such a catalog
by certain additions and emendations to Brennan’s treatment
of the Pangoniinae.

Types of new species herein described, unless otherwise
stated, are in the collection of the author.

STONEMYITA Brennan, 1935.

The wealth of species and variations discussed and figured by
Ferguson (1926) for Scaptia Walker, 1850, make the writer

1 Contribution from the Rocky Mountain Laboratory (Hamilton, Montana)
of the Division of Infectious Diseases of the National Institute of Health,

114 proc. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 48, NO. 6, JUNE, 1941

suspect that at least the hairy-eyed S. californica (Bigot) (Syn.
Silvius jonesi Cresson), for which Brennan erected the subgenus
Pilimas, will be difficult to maintain as generically distinct from
Scaptia, but lack of Australian and certain Neotropical material
prevents a more definite opinion at present. Moreover, minute
scattering hairs can be seen on the eyes of even the “bare-eyed”
species, as also noticed by Aitken, Study of the allotype by the
writer and further comparison of the types by Cresson and by
Pechuman, have shown the above synonymy of 8S. jonesi.
Stone has pointed out that such synonymy does not make a
genus monotypic. At the end of this paper the original author
has validated Pilimas by genotype designation.

Corizoneura ruficornis Bigot, 1892.

This species included by Brennan in Stonemyia was mis-
identified by Hine and others, as specimens kindly compared by
Mr. H. Oldroyd with the types (2 males) in the British Museum
are not in agreement. Since describing abaureus below, the
true ruficornis was rediscovered by Dr. T. H. G. Aitken, a
dichromatic species whose females are extremely difficult to
separate from those of the former. The entire thorax is dark
in the males, the first tergite and terminal tergites and sternites
predominantly so, but the spots on the second to fourth segments
described by Bigot are variable. In general, the females are
smaller (11-13 mm.) and the scapes of both sexes longer than
thick (in abaureus these two measurements are equal). Num-
bers of both sexes were taken by Aitken and colleagues while
beating shrubbery at night; its occurrence is reported in the
foothills (1500-2500 feet) of the western slope of the Sierra
Mountains.

Regarding the types Oldroyd further states, “. . . no speci-
men so labelled (ruficornis) in the collection, but I have 2 #2
labelled as types of ‘C. ruficosta’ by Bigot, which fit the descrip-
tion, and have the right data. Evidently Bigot changed the
name before publication.”

Stonemyia abaureus, n. sp.

Size variable, males 10.5-13 mm., females 13-16 mm. Body and appendages
golden yellow, eyes contrasting black, ostensibly bare; wings practically hyaline,
the costal margin yellow, veins often faintly margined, vein R4 with a short to
moderate spur basally, the anal cell closed and appendiculate at the margin.

Holotype o, 14mm. Eye facets about uniform; unicolorous green (relaxed).
Vertical triangle raised, pale yellow with short concolorous forward-curved
hairs posteriorly, the 3 ocelli distinct, brown. Antennae and palpi yellow, the
latter produced to three-fourths the length of the stylets, and with predomi-
nantly black, shaggy hair from the distal half of the first joints to the end of the
second. Hair of face and cheeks yellow. Labium yellowish, retracted, but

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 6, JUNE, 1941 115

stylets little more than half the height of the head. Integument of entire body
and legs concolorous, yellowish, covered with yellowish hair except blackish
over most of the hind femora and basally on the abdominal tergites, narrowing
gradually mesally to about half the width of the segments, the tarsi brownish
distally.

Patrick Creek, California, July 19, 1934, G. P. Englehardt.
In the collection of the author through courtesy of Dr. L. L.
Pechuman. Compared with types of C. ruficornis Bigot by
H. Oldroyd, and labelled not in agreement, 1939.

Allotype 9, 14.5 mm. Agrees closely with the male except for sexual differ-
ences and shorter vestiture. Front pale yellow, not quite 4 times higher than
basal width, slightly widened below; ocellar tubercle very pronounced, concolor-
ous with front; subcallus not widened to the eye margins. Length of palpi as in
male, but entirely yellow hirsute; proboscis about two-thirds the height of the
head, yellow, darkening on the labellae. Black hairs not evident on the hind
femora and shorter, less prominent on the abdomen than the holotype, but
with much the same basal distribution.

Shasta County, California, July 24, 1907.

Paratypes.—All from Calif.: @, San Felipe Creek, June 23,
1935, C. M. Dammers; 2 9 9, Kaweah P: O., August 8, 1938,
R. H. Beamer; 2, Santa Rosa, August 16, 1938, Jean Russell;
2o¢o, 2 Cuyamuca Lake, July 6, 1929, R. H. Beamer ae
Paul W. Oman; <&, Los Angeles Co., May, Coquillett;
Lucerne, July 17, 1935, Ree Beamer: 494%, Pinon a
San Jacinto Mts., May 28 and 30, 1940, ’Michener, Gerhardt,
and Daniels; #, Mineral King, July Sie 9S5: Bohart; Cte
Sunset Valley, Santa Barbara Co., June, 1939, White; 7,
Vauville, June 6, 1932, Harris; 9, San Jacinto Mts., Kern Co.,
June 5, 1939, Gerhardt. In the collections of the British
Museum, Kansas University, Rocky Mountain Laboratory,
Drs. L. L. Pechuman and T. H. G. Aitken, and the author.

Male and female, Los Angeles, Calif., no date, Coquillett, in
the U. S. Natl. Museum, under “‘abaureus.”

The number and distribution of black hairs on the abdomens,
femora and palpi of the paratypes are subject to variation while
occasional males show some darkening of a few ventral sclerites
of chest and abdomen. See also Brennan (1935), who adds
Wyoming (Yellowstone) to his California records of “ruficornis.”
I have never seen it from outside the latter State. Aitken
collected 2 males on blossoms of Eriogonum fasciculatum.

’

S. pigra (O. S.) 1875.

Add North Carolina and Pennsylvania. May be the same as
Silvius isabellinus Wied., 1828, but the missing type will need to
be consulted for definite opinion; the Ohio specimen listed by
Walker is S, rasa (Lw.),

116 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 6, JUNE, 1941

Pangonia macroglossa Westwood, 1835.

This has been attributed to “Ga.” but may now be definitely
removed from North American lists as recheck of the type in the
Hope Collection, Oxford Museum, by Dr. B. M. Hobby and H.
Oldroyd proves it to be P. gulosa Wied. from South Africa, toa
locality in which one of the original labels, “‘Geo,” refers.

ESENBECKIA Rondani, 1864.

E. delta (Hine) 1920. A specimen taken by the writer at
El] Paso, adds Texas to the distribution.

E. incisuralis (Say) 1823. Kroéber (1934) placed this (zncisa
Wied. 1828) as Ricardoa. Through courtesy of Dr. K. Delkes-
kamp of the Berlin Museum, the writer was loaned the type of
Ricardoa latifiagrum End., and considers it a light form of
incisuralis which varies as indicated by Brennan (1935). Add
Arizona.

Since Pangonia (Fidena) incisuralis Macquart, 1847, a valid
‘Neotropical species according to Kroéber, is preoccupied by
Say’s name, and the name macquarti has already been used by
Guerin for an allied species, Fidena abominata n. n. is here pro-
posed.

GONIOPS Aldrich, 1892.

G. chrysocoma Osten Sacken. The inclusion of “Dakota”
by Ricardo (1900) in the distribution of this species is an
obvious error in referring to Aldrich’s location when his Aippo-
boscoides (= chrysocoma) was described.

CHRYSOPS Meigen, 1803.
C. beameri Brennan. Add Ill., N. J., N. Gam andiGaaees

number of eastern records of seguax are actually this species,
such as those of Daecke (1907) and Brimley (1938). I have 3
males from Massachusetts which differ in certain essen-
tials from seguax as discussed by Brennan (1935) and are
without doubt the undescribed males of beameri, the wing
pictures and 4 abdominal black stripes readily associating them
with the recently described female.

Allotype *,7.5 mm. In addition to the abbreviated, lateral, pollinose stripes
on the face, there is a short subantennal tooth of pale pollen. Palpi brownish.
Middorsal thoracic stripes and scutellum plumbeus instead of yellow. Lateral
abdominal stripes fading in the middle of each tergite, but evident even on the
first, the median pair complete as in the female. The hyaline triangle narrow,
just reaching vein R» +3, the apical spot broadly invading cell M,; the posterior
subhyaline areas only a little darker than in the female, most evident margining

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 6, JUNE, 1941 117

the entire length of the cubital vein, but the heavy anterior infuscation abruptly
limited by veins M and Cu, as in the female, cell Cu, not clouded posteriorly
as reported for seguax, and cell 2nd M with only restricted, indefinite tinges
basally.

“Woods Holl” (sic), Mass., Aug 9, 1899. Two other speci-
mens in same series, essentially agree, the lateral abdominal
stripes more pronounced, and complete in one.

C. bishoppi Brennan.

The male of C. atricornis described by Bigot (1892) is this
according to a specimen compared by H. Oldroyd. Add Oregon.

C. callidus Osten Sacken, 1875.

Unfortunately this well-known name is preoccupied according
to the International Rules, Article 35, paragraph “d,” by C.
calidus Walk. 1848, and the name callidula is here proposed,
preserving the name by addition of the diminutive in as nearly
the original form as possible.

C. celer Osten Sacken.

The feminine, to agree with other specific names changed in
gender, is celeris.

C. eceras Townsend.

This species was wrongly synonymized with C. megaceras
Bellardi by Hine (1925) and omitted by Brennan (1935). The
writer has transferred it in a new genus, 4ssipala, in another
paper for reasons given therein (Philip, 1941).

C. coloradensis Bigot.

The male of C. pachycera Will., 1887, ascribed by Adams
(1903) and Brennan (1935) to C. proclivis O. S. but doubted by
Philip (1935), proves to be that of C. coloradensis. The amount
and intensity of melanization, particularly of the legs and palpi
varies considerably in the 7 specimens studied, 4 of them being
considerably darker than Williston’s specimen as redescribed by
Brennan under C. proclivis. Two of the latter were taken with
considerable series of females near Davis, California, by Spur-

lock.
C. dimmocki Hine.
The describer states, “type taken . . . eight other specimens

. . .’ 3 the five “cotypes” seen by Brennan (1935) are therefore
incorrect.

118 proc. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 6, JUNE, 1941

C. flavida Wiedemann.

The variability of this species is confusing, and includes a
northern form which approaches drunnea Hine, especially in
wing pattern, doubtless leading to some errors in distributional
records of the two (see also Daecke, 1907). I have difficulty
in accepting reicherti Fairchild, 1937, as more than a subspecies
of flavida due to variation in the diagnostic characters of a long
series of the latter studied.

C. inda Osten Sacken.

C. pilumna Krob. is a male of this according to a specimen
compared for the writer by Mr. G. S. Walley in Ottawa, and
later verified by the author.

C. hyalina Shannon.

Since this is the only clear winged species of the genus in this
country, Surcouf’s (1921) reference to a doubtful Ohio Nemorius
is not clear. The latter, like Zeuximyia, would appear to be
intermediate between Chrysops and Si/vius, and it is doubtful
if hyalina is congeneric in the restricted sense with the European
vitripennis .

C. lugens Wiedemann.

Type male in Copenhagen Museum, not Vienna.

C. noctifera Osten Sacken.

Study of a considerable series of this and pertinax Will. from
collections of various western institutions, including 2 males
from Lake and Klamath Counties, Oregon, has convinced me
that the latter species represents a melanistic, more widespread,
northern subspecies of octifera. In most noctifera the lateral
red on the abdomen is pronounced, but occasional specimens
show marked reduction, and 2 females from Alameda and Placer
Counties, Calif., are entirely dark with whitish lateral pile as in
pertinax. On the other hand, one each from Harney County,
Ore, and Coolin, northern Idaho, have some lateral red a little
more extensive than seen in a few noctifera from Calif. There is
usually an extension of the outer margin of the cross-band in
cell R; approaching that seen in zigripes, but the yellow vestiture
and more distinct median abdominal triangles of the latter
should prevent confusion with such variants as the Idaho
specimen mentioned above, 1n addition to the broader attach-
ment of the apical spot to the cross-band.

It is doubtful if the unknown male of xoctifera will be separable
from pertinax males. There is no red on the abdomen of either
of the latter. Typical pertinax females were taken in the same

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 6, JUNE, 1941 119

series with the Klamath, Oregon, male, and the Coolin, Idaho,
female. Until better evidence is shown for their separation than
color, and robustness in only the females mentioned by Brennan
(1935), I prefer to consider pertinax as a subspecies of noctifera,
although the latter Dee Dama ices) only in California, admitting
it is strange that more than the 2 northern intermediates men-
tioned have not been seen in that rather common form in
Montana and other northwestern States. The Ontarioand New
Hampshire records by Krober (1926) seem doubtful, as also
does the description of his male with ‘‘Spitzenfleck hauchfein.”

C. pachycera Will.

I consider both C. hungerfordi Brennan, 1935, and C. dilata
Rowe and Knowlton, 1937, to be at most subspecies of this. The
former is differentiated on the basis of lateral, abdominal spots
on tergite 2 in both sexes, the latter by fenestrations in the cross-
band of the wings. The abdominal pattern is especially variable,
but not more so than in some other species of CArysops and the
lateral spots may be found in all degrees of intensity to complete
disappearance in the same series; hungerfordi represents the
dark phase. Similar variations occur in the abdominal pattern
of male paratypes of di/ata, but the extent and distribution of
the clear areas in the wings of both sexes are more constant in
this form from southern Utah. I have seen several specimens
of hungerfordi from western Texas, in addition to the types from
southern New Mexico and Arizona. The Oregon record of
pachycera listed by Brennan (1935) is doubtless based on Cole
and Lovett’s (1921) misidentification of C. coloradensis, the
listed specimen of which I have seen.

C. pikei Whitney.

Since Bequaert (1933) mentions “only fragments of four”
of the 11 cotypes remain at the Museum of Comparative
Zoology, a complete, well- preserved cotype on the original long,
white pin labelled “Mo.” and later “ Daecke Collection” “ from
Whitney” in the Pennsylvania State Agr. Collection at Harris-
burg, is here selected as lectotype. A duplicate with one wing
missing is in the collection of the author through kindness of
Dr. A. B. Champlain.

C. proclivis O. S.

The Colo. record of C. atricornis Bigot (type @ only) 1
unusual, but the wing pattern agrees here according to ne
son by Oldroyd. Since the true male of this has not previously
been known (see coloradensis) it is here briefly described.

Length of 2 specimens, 6.5 and 8 mm. Predominantly black, with a very
narrow, but complete, bare, yellow midfacial stripe, yellow pollinosity confined

120 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 48, NO. 6, JUNE, 1941

to lateral facial stripes, palpi and antennae dark,the latter brownish basally
on the first segment, thoracic dorsum with the usual pale stripes faint anteriorly,
the grayish lateral stripes above and below the wing base more pronounced, the
abdominal incisures very narrowly yellow, and notched with a faint streak of
the same color half or a little more across the second tergite on each side (and
the 3rd and 4th mesally in one specimen); fore and hind tibiae basally tinged,
and middle legs with the whole tibiae, and apical half of the femora yellow.
Apical spot pronounced and narrow along the costal margin, but indefinite and
fading behind; the entire basal part of the wing infuscated (paler behind) except
for a small diagonal hyaline spot at the apex of the 2nd M cell, the cross-band
reaching the posterior border in cell M3.

A specimen each seen from Cle Elum, Wash., and Yosemite
Valley, California.

Whether these are more properly assigned to the subsp.
surda O. S. will have to await the accumulation of more speci-
mens.

C. sepuleralis Fabricius (sepulchralis Kirby?).

The lack of any confirmatory specimens over the years for
Kirby’s and Walker’s early identifications of this northern
Palaearctic species, impel the writer to follow Osten Sacken
(1878, p. 54) and Ricardo in discarding it from the Nearctic list.

Chrysops abata, n. sp. (from Latin, inaccessible).

Holotype 2, 8 mm. Head with pollinosity of front and face including a
complete, narrow, mesal stripe to the oral margin, yellow; vertical, frontal and
facial callosities and cheeks black, the integument on either side the mesal
pollinose stripe narrowly yellowish with brownish shades. Frontal callosity but
little broader than tall. Antennae slender, the flagellum black, equal in length
to the 2 yellow basal segments combined. Palpi not grooved, dark, with yellow-
ish tinges on the extreme base. Eye pattern with heavy maculations, the
occipital border contiguous to, the other spots separated from the eye margins,
arrowhead connected only with the median spot. Thorax and scutellum plum-
beus, the usual 5 dark stripes distinct; pleurae predominantly yellowish. Legs
smoky, the fore pair and all femora darkest; fore coxae dull yellowish on the
basal half. Abdomen yellow and black. The patterns of it and the wings as
figured Plate 15 (1 and 2 A, respectively). Ventor yellow, a very narrow median
line on the first 2 sternites, expanding on the third, the remainder dark with yel-
lowish tinges and incisures. A fine yellowish pubescence over the whole abdomen,
both above and below, and especially noticeable posteriorly.

From “Jacksonville, Florida, June 21.” No year or collector.
This fly has affinities with the variable pudica group but
would run to imda O. S. in Brennan’s (1935) key to female
Chrysops. It is distinguished by its complete median, yellow
pollinose stripe on the face, black frontal and facial callosities,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 6, JUNE, 1941 121

broad though separated apical spot, strongly bowed outer
margin of the crossband, completely infuscated first and hyaline
second “basal” cells of the wing, and distinctive abdominal
pattern. Of the North American Chrysops females known to
the writer, C. abata is unique in the possession of an uninter-
rupted though narrow, mid-facial pollinose stripe comparable
to that seen in some males. In females of C. discalis, this stripe
is broad and also reaches the oral margin below, but widens to
meet the genal stripes above the mouth presenting a very differ-
arrangement.

C. aestuans Wulp.

The 2 outstanding characters of this species are the uniformly
narrow, outer, costal infuscation (“‘apical spots’’) of the wings,
and the lateral black triangles on the second abdominal segment.
Variation and intergradation with closely related C. callidula
Philip, particularly as regards the latter character, have long
troubled students of the group, and Krober (1926) has described
a variety, confusa, with complete absence of these lateral
triangles, which Brennan (1935) prefers to relate to callidula.
However, I have an undoubted specimen of aestuans from
Yakima, Washington, showing such reduction of the abdominal
infuscation that the 2d to 4th tergites appear predominantly
yellow with simply a median row of reduced geminate spots,
although the wing picture is typical.

Of greater consequence because of certain misassignment by
the unintiated in a major couplet of existing keys, is a variation
which occurs in 4 specimens of aestuans from Clark County,
Kansas, sent to the writer and to Dr. R. R. Parker by the late
Professor Hine. Reduction, though not complete absence of the
lateral spots on the 2d tergite, is also seen in these, yet the
specimens appear as no more than an extreme variation of
aestuans. he condition is remarkably parallel to variation seen

in C. proclivis O. S. (Philip, 1935).

Chrysops aestuans subsp. abaestuans nov.

Holotype @, 8.5 mm. Differs from characteristic gesuans in the breadth of
the apical spot of the wing and reduction of the lateral triangles on the second
abdominal tergite. The hyaline triangle crosses vein Ry +3 broadly while the
apical spot increases in width just before the termination of that vein to a little
over twice that at its juncture with the crossband so that slightly over half the
upper margin of vein Rg is shaded (Plate 15, Fig. 2 B); the posterior margin of
the apical spot is very indefinite. The cross-band terminates before the posterior °
margin in cell M;. The body colors have the usual bleached yellow appearance of
aestuans, but the lateral triangles on the second segment are narrow and re-
duced, widely separated from the median geminate spot, their bases and apices
rounded, the latter not reaching the middle of the segment. Anal cell barely

122 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 6, JUNE, 1941

closed at margin. The palpi and legs are predominantly dark, the upper,
anterior edge of the former, the middle tibiae, extreme bases of fore and hind
tibiae and of all the tarsi yellowish, antennae deep yellowish on the first 2 and
base of the third segments.

From “‘Clark County, Kansas, June, 1962 ft. F. H. Snow.”

Allotype o*, 9mm. Essentially like the female except for the usual sexual
differences but darker in appearance, the antennae are black, the yellow of the
abdomen is deeper, the lateral triangles in the second segment less tall and the
apical spot occupies about the same width distally, but crosses into the wing tip
more extensively and occupies the whole of cell Ry (Fig. 2 D).

From, Ft.’Collins, Colo.; May 30; 19317

Paratypes: 2 ¢ &, “Indian Head, Saskatchewan, 13, VII,
1926, Eric Hearle,” and “6 mi. W. Logan, Utah, 7-29-35,
Armstrong and Smith”’; like the allotype, but darker generally,
the lateral triangles larger, about normal, connected below with
the median maculations; in the Saskatchewan specimen the
cross-band reaches the posterior margin faintly as it usually, but
not necessarily, does in callidula. Three 2 @ all same data as
the holotype; the triangles showing greater reduction than the
holotype (mere dots in one); the wing patterns show slight vari-
ations from that of the holotype, anal cells more open, less or
none of the hyaline triangle crossing vein R,+; and either more
(Plate 15, Fig. 2 C) or a little less of the apical spot crossing
vein R, apically, and in one specimen only, the cross-band almost
reaches the posterior margin in cell M;; the legs are predomi-
nantly yellow in all but one of these females. One 9, “Sterling
Reservoir, Colo., July 10, 1921” in the collection of L. L.
Pechuman also agrees.

The wide apical spot is, of course, the important feature of
this variety. Omitting this character, the closeness of aestuans
and callidula is again emphasized in this series of specimens in
the intergrading of certain critical criteria, such as the density
and width of the apical spot at its juncture with the cross-band,
the close approach of the latter to the posterior margin in one
of each sex, the increasing amount of yellow on the abdomen
and legs, with consequent reduction of the lateral abdominal
triangles.

Chrysops aberrans n. sp. (from Latin, wandering, hence variant).

This is the form heretofore placed under striata O. S. having
yellow to brownish frontal callosities, apical spot broader
including most or all of cell Rs, usually brighter thoracic and
abdominal stripes, the latter seldom joined anteriorly on
tergite 2, the lateral ones often obsolescent anteriorly but
pronounced posteriorly.

PLATE 15

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43

124 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 48, NO. 6, JUNE, 1941

Holotype 9,8 mm. Head with frontal and lateral facial pollinosity, frontal
callosity, facial and genal integument, first 2 antennal segments and palpi
yellow; narrow upper border of frontal callosity, ocellar tubercle and most of
third antennal segment dark; antennae slender; palpi not grooved; no mid-facial
pollinose stripe. Eye pattern with all spots isolated, the shaft complete and
border divided as figured by Daecke (1906) for striata. Thorax with the usual
stripes brighter than in typical s¢riata, the plumbeus mid-stripe continuing as
an inverted acute triangle onto the disc of the scutellum, narrowly dividing the
lateral reddish margins at the apex. Lateral thoracic stripes yellowish. Wing
very like striata, cell R completely infuscated, 2nd M and Cu hyaline, the cross-
band reaching the posterior margin in M3, but the apical spot broader almost
filling cell R3, leaving the furcation barely included in the apex of the hyaline
triangle, anal cell open at the margin. Legs yellow, the middle and hind coxae,
basal third of hind femora, distal third of fore tibiae, and fore tarsi brown.
Abdomen yellow with 4 subequal dark stripes on tergites 2 to 5 inclusive, tergite
1 with indications of a geminate spot beneath the scutellum and isolated shadows
at the terminations of the lateral stripes; yellow incisures widest on posterior
tergites, 6 and 7 otherwise dark. Venter yellow, a broad, median, dark band
abruptly terminating anteriorly on sternite 5, and indications of 2 lateral,
narrow stripes reaching forward midway on sternite 2.

Ramsay County, Minnesota, Aug. 12, 1934, C. B. Philip.

Allotype co, 8 mm. Like the female except for the usual sexual differences.
Facial integument entirely yellow, and scutellum completely plumbeus without
lateral red. Wings almost entirely clouded, lighter in the anal and cubital
areas, a small diagonal hyaline spot crossing the apex of cell 2nd M into the
extreme base of Cuy, the apical spot filling out cell Rs including the furcation and
invading cell R; faintly; anal cell barely closed at margin. Abdomen with the
4 stripes complete dorsally, the lateral ones terminating on the middle of
tergite 1, and the middle pair converging but not quite joining anteriorly on
tergite 2; the midventral band produced forward on all sternites, narrowing and
discontinuous on 2 and 3. Maculations of eye pattern isolated from occipital
border and from each other.

Washington County, Minnesota, July 11, 1911.

Paratypes: Minn., 7 @ 9, same data as holotype; 8 # # and
127 other females, various localities, July 8 to Aug. 11 (including
3o¢ # and 2 9 Q reared by the writer) Philip, Telford, Stehr,
Mickel, Knight, Pletsch, Beamer and Peters, Tinkham,
Hoffman, Hill, and Denning, collectors.

Mich., 77 @ 2 various localities, July 7 to Aug. 8, Brennan,
Boesel, Hubbell, Byers, Gaige, Cantrall, Gloyd, Bigelow, Oliver,
Steyskal, collectors.

Wisc., o', Dane Co., July 10, 1900.

Ill.; 2, Volo, July 8, 1932; Ross, Dozier; Mohr: 2° oF ike
(striata ?, teste Osten Sacken).

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 6, JUNE, 1941 125

Ohio, 3 9 9, Sandusky, Cedar Point, Aug. 7, 8, and 14, 1902;
ooandusky,. Auge 7 1920 3)."G. Ela:

Mass., , Woods Holl (sic), Aug. 9, 1899.

Conn. 2. Williston

Me.,.¢; Lincoln County, Aug. 23, 1938, D. J. Borror; 9,
Paris aug. 1791986) Ce Ae Prost:

R. I., 9, Westerly, July 23, 1936, M..Chapman.

N. Y., 2470, 199 92, various localities, Dreisbach, Palm,
Blanton, Babiy, Pechuman, Blanton and Borders, collectors.

Nels otc, Balmyra, Aug. 7 sandal 2-o1925) Lak. Parker:
o&, Evesboro, Aug. 17, 1925, L. B. Parker.

Penn., #, no other data (striata ? by Osten Sacken).

In the collections of the Berlin, Vienna, British and U. S.
National Museums, the Museum of Comparative Zoology,
California Academy of Science, Universities of Minnesota,
Michigan and Kansas, the Rocky Mountain Laboratory, Cor-
nell University, L. L. Pechuman, T. H. G. Aitken and the
author. Additional localities for the U. S. National Museum
material through Dr. Alan Stone include Indiana (Bluffton),
Mass. (Essex), and Que. (St. Placide).

Variations in individual characters occur within limits but
compositely there is little difficulty in distinguishing this from
true striata. Some specimens of aberrans show at most dark
brown frontal and facial callosities (only three specimens of the
long series studied had entirely black callosities), the hyaline
triangle seldom reaches much forward of the furcation while a
spur of the apical spot not infrequently invades ceil R; as in
some univittata or vittata; many including the males show no
reddish on the scutellum, or if so then the emphasis is usually
marginal, not apical as in s¢riata; the abdominal patterns are
quite distinct, brighter yellow and black in aberrans, the 4 stripes
subequal posteriorly, the lateral pair sometimes fading anter-
iorly on the second or third tergites, but almost never posteriorly
on each tergite as in Striata, while the middle pair frequently
unite or are very narrowly separated anteriorly on tergite 2
in the latter, seldom unite in female aderrans. Y have seen but
2 true striata with other than piceous callosities, and none with
the borders of the eye pattern separated from the occipital
margin as in aberrans although this will have to be checked in
series in fresh material. A useful supplemental character in
those aberrans with dark brown frontal callosities is the sharp
delimitation of the infuscation on the facial callosities inside the
sutures (also duplicated in the males), whereas in striata, when
present, both sides of the sutures are margined.

I have one male (Minn.) with the reduced apical spot of
typical striata in which the cubital and anal areas of the wing
are subhyaline and the distal spot in cell 2nd M extends in-
wardly for almost a third the length of the cell, tergite 1 is black

126 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 6, JUNE, 1941

across the anterior half with extensions to meet the stripes, the
lateral of which show the same accentuation anteriorly on each
segment as in the females, while the median, much heavier pair
are united two-thirds of the width of tergite 2 enclosing a small,
median, yellow equilateral triangle, and the facial callosities are
extensively infuscated on doth sides of the sutures.

The median pair of stripes in all but one of the 16 males of
aberrans are also united, but the enclosed yellow triangle is
larger, often acuminate and frequently half the width of tergite,
there is less black on tergite 1, and the wings are extensively
infuscated in all as described above for the allotype. All have
small, black facial spots confined inside the sutures only and
the scutellums entirely plumbeus.

The ‘‘two doubtful specimens from Illinois” at the end of
Osten Sacken’s original description are aberrans, as well as a
male (Penn.) labelled “striatus ?” in his handwriting; so also is
the wing figured by Brennan (1935, p. 391, no. 39), while that
of Daecke (1907, pl. IV, fig. 17) indicates the more correct
extent of the hyaline triangle in typical striata. All reared
specimens reported as striatus by me (1931, p. 35) are also
aberrans. Both species are taken together in series on the wing
in appropriate localities.

One of the unlabelled cotypes of s#riatus O. S. (“presumably
from the District of Columbia,” Fairchild, 1938) was loaned
for comparison through the courtesy of Mr. Nathan Banks.

C. hirsuticallus, n. sp.

Length, 7.5-10 mm. Named for the peculiar sparse hairs situated on the
lateral edges of the frontal callosity in well-preserved females; after denudation,
their lateral location is still marked by fine punctations in the shiny integument.
The bodies of the females are greenish-gray covered with golden yellow hairs,
and with paired median and often lateral black dashes on the abdomen; wings
without evident apical spots, the cross-band abbreviated and broken by fenes-
trate areas, especially in the discal cell, and margined outwardly by an irregular
whitish stripe, the hyaline areas otherwise tinted in varying degrees; anal cell
widely open. Males black, eye facets separated along frontal margins, wings
more extensively infuscated than in females, fenestration much reduced in the
cross-bands, which also have very narrow costal extensions apically. Antennae
of both, black, robust but not swollen.

Holotype 2,8 mm. Front alittle broader than high, pale yellowish pollinose,
and yellowish pilose; vertex about ocelli and callosity black, the latter broad
and narrow, not quite reaching the eye margins. Face somewhat swollen but
not tuberculate laterally, no mesal pollen except immediately above mouth, but
lateral pollinose stripes complete to oral margin, black outside the sutures and
in a complete stripe below each antenna, leaving 3 bare, yellow vertical stripes,
the whole covered with shaggy, yellowish hairs. Antennae, palpi and proboscis
black with concolorous hairs on the first 2; palpi blackish, not grooved. Thorax

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 6, JUNE, 1941 127

deep yellowish with a narrow mesal and 2 broader lateral black lines, covered
with golden yellow hair most pronounced on the pleurae. Legs dark, with
yellowish shades on the fore tibiae and femora proximally, the middle and hind
tibiae except apices, and the central portions of the middle and hind femora and
the basal segments of these tarsi. Wings as figured (Plate 15, Fig. 3). Abdomen
deep golden caudally due to vestiture, grading to greenish-gray basally, darker
ventrally. The median spots on the first 2 tergites continuous to make a horse-
shoe not reaching the posterior margin of the second. Four spots on each of
the following tergites, barely connected across the base laterally on tergite 3.

Woodland, Calif., May 8, 1933, Elwood L. Creel.

Allotype o, 8.5 mm. Cephalic integument and appendages black, with
concolorous hair, and 2 narrow yellow, smooth stripes each from the oral margin
to the base of either antenna, the lateral, facial, pollinose stripes incomplete
inwardly. Eyes narrowly separated, divergent inferiorly, leaving a shiny,
wrinkled, black triangular frontal callosity above the antennae. Thorax and
abdomen subshiny black covered with black hair, except on dorsum of former
where the hair is predominantly deep yellowish. Venter of abdomen, and
middle and hind tibiae deep brown. Wings extensively infuscated to include
most of the anal area and both basal cells, except small hyaline spots in apex of
each; the whitish outer margin of the cross-band prominent.

Davis, Calif., March 28, 1936. In the California Academy
of Sciences.

Paratypes: 9, same data as holotype; 4 #0, Davis, Calif.,
April 24, 1936, R. M. Bohart (3) and May 4, 1936; 12 9 9,
Davis, 1936, April 24, R. M. Bohart (4), April 28, May 4 (3),
April 21, May 19 and June, M. Cazier, May 19, 1936, A. R.
Mead; 9, Blue Lakes, Lake Co., Calif., June 1, 1938, J. Phillips.
In the collections of the British and U. S. Nat’! Museums, Univ.
of Calif., and Agricultural College, Davis, Calif. Acad. of
Sciences; Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard; Univ. of
Mich.; L. L. Pechuman, M. Cazier, T. H. G. Aitken, and the
author. ‘Two females, Sacramento, Calif., 4-17-30, C. W.
Wilson.

This apparently localized species is very distinctive because
of the peculiar wing pattern and glaucous color in the females,
the sparse hairs laterally on their callosities, and the divided eyes
in the black males without swollen facial callosities. The eye
pattern in both sexes is more reduced than any Chrysops known
to the writer, only the lower part of the occipital border and
lower frontal spot remain, with usually a vestige of the mid-
frontal spot as a reduced streak, the remainder of the eye
bright green. Variation occurs in the extent of yellow on the
legs and faces of the paratypes from almost totally black to
predominantly yellow. The frequency of plant pollen on the
bodies of both sexes suggests a specialized habitat, accounting
for previous oversight.

128 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 6, JUNE, 1941

Dr. J. C. Bequaert also recognized the distinctness of a part
of the above series and graciously forwarded them to the author.

Chrysops pechumanii, n. sp.

Among California material of octifera were found two pairs
of blackish deerflies, closely resembling the pertinax variety but
with marked, non-intergrading (in the material studied) differ-
ences in the wing pattern.

The cross-band lacks the pronounced, though sometimes variable, tooth-like
extension toward the fork of Ry +5 in cell Rs, and practically fills cell Ms to the
wing margin instead of terminating diagonally across this cell so as to involve
about two-thirds of vein M; and less than half of vein Cu,; the apical spot in
both sexes is much broader, and likewise separated from the cross-band by a
wide hyaline interval. Comparative basal infuscation in each sex is very similar
to that of pertinax, although the 2nd basal cell in the allotype is less hyaline
apically. The male of C. separata Hine lacks the hyaline spots apically in the
basal cells and the entire anal area is fumose, while the female has the first basal
cell completely infuscated and the second hyaline, readily separating that
southeastern species.

Holotype 9, 9.5mm. Except in wing characters, noted above, not different
than pertinax. Body and appendages black, reddish tinges basally on the first
antennal segments, middle and hind tibiae and metatarsi. Three pale-yellowish,
facial pollinose stripes, the middle one incomplete below. Vestiture whitish,
black on the antennae, legs except coxae and middle and hind femora, and the
dorsum of the abdomen, leaving whitish patches on the sides of the first and
second tergites, the lateral margins of the remainder and rather narrow mid-
dorsal patches widening behind to include most of the last two tergites, none of
these overlying pale pollinosity asin some species. Cells R and 2nd M hyaline
in their outer fourth (except extreme tip) and almost half respectively.

Niles, Inyo Co., ‘Calif:, April 21; 1913, C: ke Fox,

Allotype o&,9 mm. In close agreement with the female except for the usual
sexual difference. Vestiture predominantly black with some whitish hairs
inter-mixed on the lower cheeks, dorsum and chest of the thorax, fore coxae,
and venter of the abdomen, and traces on the extreme lateral and reduced
middorsal margins of the posterior tergites. A rather narrow, diagonal, parallel-
sided spot crossing the apices of both basal cells of the wing, the outer margin of
the cross-band evenly convex and the separated apical spot very broad occupying
approximately half of cell Ra as in the female.

Posmo, Calif., April 25, 1919, E. P. van Duzee. “Inthe
California Academy of Sciences.

Paratypes. <, Sobre Vista, Sonoma Co., Calif., June 26,
1910, J. A. Kusche. 9, Tamalpias, Calif., May 23yaloa
C. L. Fox. In the collections of the author and the California
Academy of Sciences, respectively. Another 9 from Steen

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 6, JUNE, 1941 129

Mts., Oregon, has similar outer wing pattern but cell 2nd M is
infuscated as in the male, much more than any related females
seen of noctifera, pertinax, or typical pechumani, and so is not
included in the series.

It is not impossible that additional material might be less
easily distinguished from pertinax as in the carbonarta-mitis and
aestuans-callida complexes, but the distinctness of the wing
pattern of present material justifies its specific separation rather
than the subspecies treatment accorded pertinan.

Comments and loan of materials from many individuals and
institutions have facilitated these studies, and thanks are
particularly due Mr. H. Oldroyd, of the British Museum;
Messrs. Walley and McDunnough, of the Canadian Nacional
Museum; Dr. Alan Stone, of the U. S. National Museum;
Mr. Nathan Banks, of the Museum of Comparative Zoology:
Mr. E. P. van Duzee, of the California Academy of Sciences;
rs. Rk. Hi. Beamer, 1. H. G. Aitken, L. LL. Pechuman, J.
Bequaert, G. B. Fairchild, Donald MacCreary, A. B. Cham-
plain, and Miss Ada L. Olson for various favors.

SUMMARY.

Described for the first time in this paper are: S/onemyia
abaureus n. sp. (o%, 2) from California, Chrysops beamer1 Bren.
allotype <1, C. callidula new name for C. callida O. S., C. abata
n. sp. (2) from Florida, C. aestuans abaestuans n. subsp. (, 2)
from Kansas and the Rocky Mountain region, C. aberrans
n. sp. (<*, 2) from the Northeastern States, and C. pechumannt
and hirsuticallus n. spp. (&, 2) from California. Pangontia
macroglossa \Nestwood is removed from North American “lists,
being a synonym of P. gu/osa Wied. from South Africa. New
synonymy includes: Ricardoa latiflagrum End. = Esenbeckia
incisuralis (Say), C. atricornis Bigot (&@ only) = C. btshoppi
Bren., C. pachycera Will. (@ only) = C. coloradensis Bigot,
C. reicherti Fchld. = C. favida Wied. subsp., C. pilumna Krob. =
Geinda ©. S., C. pertinax Will. = C. nocitfera ©. S.subsp.;
C. dilata Rowe and Knowlton and C. hungerfordi Bren. =
C. pachycera Will. sabspp. Some other notes on North American
Pangoniinae are included and the new name Fidena abominata
is proposed for the Neotropical Pangonia incisuralis Macq.
(not Say).

REFERENCES.

Apams, C. F. 1903. Notes on and descriptions of North American Diptera.
Kans. Univ. Sci. Bull., 2 : 442.

Avpricn, J. M. 1905. A catalogue of North American Diptera (or two-winged
flies). Smithsonian Miscell. Collec. No, 1444, 680 pp,

130 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 6, JUNE, 1941

Bequaert, J. 1933. Notes on the Tabanidae described by the late C. P.
Whitney. Occas. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 8 : 81-88.

Bicot, J. M. F. 1892. Dipteras nouveaux ou peu connus. Mem. Soc. Zool.
France, 5 : 603.

Brennan, J. M. 1935. The Pangoniinae of Nearctic America. Diptera :
Tabanidae. Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull., 22 : 249-401.

Brimtey, C. S. 1938. The insects of North Carolina. N. Car. Dept. Agr.,
Div. Ent., pp. 333.

Cores, F. R. and Lovett, A. L. 1921. An annotated list of the Diptera (flies)
of Oregon. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 77 : 232.

Daecke, E. 1906. On the eye coloration of the genus Chrysops. Ent. News,
17 : 39-42 (fig. 52).

1907. Annotated list of the species of Chrysops occurring in
New Jersey and descriptions of two new species. Ent. News, /8 : 139-146
(fig. 17).

EnperLEIN, G. 1924. Studien an blutsangenden Insekten. I. Grundlagen
eines neuen systems der Tabaniden. Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, Bd. 11, hft. 2,
pp. 253-409.

Farrcuitp, G. B. 1938. A preliminary list of the Tabanidae (Diptera) of
Florida. Fla. Ent., 79 : 60-61.

Fercuson, E. W. 1926. Additional notes on the nomenclature of Australian
Tabanidae. Bull. Ent. Res., 76 : 293-306.

Hine, J. S.. 1925. Tabanidae of Mexico, Central America and the West Indies.
Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool., Univ. Mich., No. 162, 35 pp.

Kroser, O. 1926. Die Chrysops-arten Nordamerikos einschl. Mexicos. Stett.
Ent. Zeit. 87: 209 : 353.

1934. Catalogo dos Tabanidae da America do Sul e Central,
incluindo o. Mexico e as Antilhas. Rev. de Ent., 4: 244.

Puittrp, C. B. 1931. The Tabanidae (horseflies) of Minnesota with reference
to their biologies and taxonomy. Minn. Agr. Exp. Sta., Tech. Bull, 80,
pp» 35-36:

1935. The furcatus group of western North American flies of
the genus Chrysops (Diptera : Tabanidae). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 37 : 153-
161.

1941. Un nuevo genero de moseas de venado de Regiones
Neotropicales (Diptera, Tabanidae). Rev. de Ent. (in press).

Ricarpo, G. 1900. Notes on the Pangoniinae of the family Tabanidae in the
British Museum Collection. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 5, ser. 7, pp. 97-121.
(1901) 8, ser. 7, p. 306.

Strong, A. 1938. The horseflies of the subfamily Tabanidae of the Nearctic
region. U.S.D.A., Miscel. Publ. No. 305, 171 pp.

Surcour, J. 1921. Genera Insectorum. Diptera, Family Tabanidae. Fasc.
175, 182 pp.

Note: Dr. Philip has indicated the need for the validation of Pi/imas Brennan
(1935) by designation of genotype. Diatomineura californica Bigot is herewith
designated as genotype of Pilimas and the name dates from this note, Signed,
J. M. Brennan.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 6, JUNE, 1941 131

ANNAMYIA, A NEW GENUS OF ASILIDAE, WITH A REVISION
OF THE GENUS APHAMARTANIA SCHINER (DIPTERA).

By A. Eart PrircHarp,

University of Minnesota.

Five species were assigned to the genus Aphamartania
Schiner (=Cylindrophora Philippi) during the nineteenth
century, and one species belonging to this genus was described
recently in the genus Cophura Osten Sacken. Very few pub-
lished records of these species have appeared since, and up to
the present no attempt has been made to show relationships
nor to facilitate identification of the species. In the present
revision of Aphamartania, three new species are added, and two
of the previously described species are considered as synonyms.
A new genus is herein proposed for a new species from Brazil.

This study is based largely on material in the U. S. National
Museum, and types of the new species are in the collection of
that institution. The writer wishes to express his gratification
to Dr. E. A. Chapin and to Mr. C. F. W. Muesebeck for the
privilege of studying this material.

ANNAMYIA, new genus.

Annamyia is closely related to the genus 4phamartania from
which it differs mainly by having the anterior tarsus greatly
lengthened, twice as long as the anterior tibia, by having the
face produced strongly, and by having the mystax composed of
strong bristles over the face. Annamyia difters from the genus
Paraphamartania Engel by the greatly lengthened fore tarsus,
by the face being divergent below, and by the facial gibbosity
being well elevated.

Annamyia (Brazil), Aphamartania (S. Amer.), and Para-
phamartania (Syria) are quite closely related, the affinities
being particularly evident by the male genitalia which are
characteristically enlarged with the ventral plate especially
bulbous. These three genera are in turn related to the genus
Cophura Osten Sacken (New World, mostly N. American) which
has small male genitalia that are usually largely concealed by
the abdomen.

Generic characterization—F ace at antennae about one-half the width of one
eye at this level; front slightly convergent above; face moderately divergent
below, the distance between the eyes below nearly twice as wide as that at the
antennae. Facial gibbosity gradually developed from the antennae, well
elevated orally, projecting beyond the eyes, as seen from the side, by a distance
as great as the length of the first two antennal segments. Mystax moderately
sparse, covering the entire face, composed of stout bristles and a few hairs.
First two antennal segments subequal; third antennal segment one and one-half

132 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 6, JUNE, 1941

times the length of first two segments combined, parallel sided, bare of setae;
style acutely tapering distally, as long as second antennal segment, two seg-
mented with the proximal division very short, distally provided with a minute
spine. Prosternum reduced to an isolated sclerite; mesonotum moderately
arched, with moderate vestiture; metasternum widely divided; mesonotum with
strong bristles laterally; one pair posterior dorsocentrals; scutellum moderately
convex with one pair marginal bristles. Legs elongate, slender; femora without
bristles; anterior tibia with a sigmoid distal spur, the anterior basitarsus pro-
vided with several minute nodulations in connection with this spur; anterior
tarsus very elongate, twice as long as anterior tibia, the basitarsus a little over
twice as long as the following two segments, the distal segments progressively
decreasing slightly in length; claws slender, acute; pulvilli well developed, about
as long as claws. Wing a little over three times as long as broad; marginal,
posterior, and anal cells open, the fourth posterior cell narrowed distally; anal
lobe well developed. Abdomen elongate, four times as long as wide, depressed,
nearly bare; lateral bristles of first segment hardly differentiated from the hairs.
Male genitalia enlarged, strongly developed cephalad and caudad, inverted.
Genotype.—Annamyia maren, new species.

Annamyia maren, new species.

A moderately elongate species; thorax reddish with three black mesonotal
stripes; abdomen black with a caudal white fascia on each segment; legs castan-
eous; wings fuliginose, paler distally and in the cells. Length 13 mm. Fig. 1.

Male.—F ace and front reddish in ground color, the face white pollinose, bare
and shining below antennae, the front brownish pollinose; mystax in large part,
bristles of palpi, of proximal two antennal segments, and of ocellar tubercle
black; mystax laterally white. Occiput black in ground color, cinereous polli-
nose, white pilose. Thorax and coxae largely reddish in ground color, the pro-
thorax, mesonotal vittae, scutellum, postnotum, and posterior coxae black in
ground color; thoracic pollen thin above, rather buff colored, denser on sides
below and whitish; pile of prothorax and pleura white; three mesonotal vittae
bare, dull black, broad; mesonotal setae mostly dark brownish, recumbent;
mesonotal bristles black; one pair posterior dorsocentrals, and on either side
two presutural, one or two supraalar, one or two postcallar; scutellum with one
pair marginal bristles. Legs castaneous, shining, clothed with sparse white
hairs and black bristles; tarsal setae black. Wings fuliginose, the distal fourth
paler, cells interiorly paler, with a clear hyaline streak in first marginal and first
basal cells, inner portion of fourth posterior cell and discal cell. Abdomen
black in ground color, dull black pollinose, each segment except last with a
transverse whitish pollinose fascia covering the caudal fifth and widening on
lateral margins to cover most of the segment. Genitalia shining dark yellowish,
the distal process of inferior forceps black; ventral plate deeply impressed as
seen from above, with a distal bifid prolongation as seen from below; hairs on
genitalia above white, bristles below black.

Holotype-—Male, Diamantina, Minas Geraes, Brazit, 14,
18 Nov. 719. (Cornell University Expedition); type no, 54192
in the collection of the U. S. National Museum,

1865.

1866.

1889.

1889.
1891.

1909.
1909.

1930.
O32:

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 6, JUNE, 1941 133

ANNAMYIA MAREN

Fig. 1. Dorsal view of male.

APHAMARTANIA Schiner.

Cylindrophora Philippi (preoccupied by Solier, 1849, Coleoptera), Verhl.
Zool.Bot. Ges. Wien, 15: 704. Genotype, C. murina Philippi by
original designation.

Aphamartania Schiner, Verh. Zool.—Bot. Ges. Wien, 16 : 671. Genotype,
A. frauenfeldi Schiner by original designation.

Lynchia Williston (preoccupied by Weyenbergh, 1881, Diptera), Psyche,
5: 255. New name for Cylindrophora Philippi.

Myiothera Williston, Psyche, 5 : 259. New name for Lynchia Williston.

Theromyia Williston, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 18 : 73. New name for
Myiothera Williston.

Aphamartania Hermann and Cylindrophora Hermann, Berl. Ent. Zts.,
53 : 155 (1908).

Aphamartania Kertesz, Catal. Dipt., 4: 143.

Aphamartania Engel, Flieg. Palae, Reg., 24 : 440.

Aphamartania Bromley, Dipt. Patagonia and S. Chile, 5 (3) : 266.

Both Schiner, in erecting the genus Aphamartania, and
Williston in renaming the genus Cy/indrophora recognized a
generic distinction between the pulvillate and rudimentarily
pulvillate forms. Hermann, however, did not favor such a
distinction, and Kertesz united these genera in his catalogue.
Engel followed Hermann and Kertesz in uniting the groups,
and also erected Paraphamartania as a new subgenus for the

134 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 6, JUNE, 1941

old world species. Paraphamartania 1s considered a separate
genus in this paper. Three distinct groups are recognized in
the genus dphamartania in its present sense, each of which may
be considered worchy of higher rank in the eapatvin..

The three groups may be easily recognized by habitus. The
species of the murina group are short and stocky, those of the
frauenfeldi group are robust, but more depressed and elongate;
the marga group includes a slender species.

The murina group is known only from the west side of the
Andes, in Chile and Peru. The frauenfeldi group appears to be
generally distributed over South America east of the Andes,
extending northward into Panama. The marga group is known
from Argentina. Aphamartania appears to be a South American
complement of the almost entirely North American Cophura.
A. marga is somewhat of a link to the sodalis group of Cophura.

Aphamartania breviventris (Macquart) is not included in the
following key. A new species of the frauenfeldi group from
Chapada, Brazil (Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.) is at hand, but is not

included due to poor condition of the material.

KeEy To SPECIES.

1. Pulvilli rudimentary, one-fourth the length of the claws; basitarsus
as long as distal tarsal segment; mystax very dense (murina group)... 2
Pulvilli well developed, as long as the claws; basitarsus as long as
distal two tarsal segments; mystax moderately dense or rather
SPAT Seto ceo- ee Bec eres ve ee acer tee Ro 3
2. Fore femur with several bristles near middle of anterior side; male
hind femur with a dense patch of hairs on proximal portion of
ventral side; male hind tibia with heavy, black, antero-ventral
bristles: (Chile) set er 2 eae oer eee eee murina (Philippi)
Fore femur without bristles on anterior side; male hind femur with
sparse hairs below; male hind tibia with undifferentiated, whitish
bristles (Renu) isco cee et eee On nana, new species
3. Hind tibia very slender proximally, the distal fourth enlarged; hind
basitarsus enlarged; mystax rather sparse, not reaching eyes
laterally; anal cell closed and long petiolate (marga group) (Argen-
ELEY a) 2 RoE eS Oe ee marga, new species
Hind tibia stout, rather evenly tapering from base to apex; hind
basitarsus as slender as other tarsal segments; mystax moderately
dense, reaching eyes laterally; anal cell open or closed in the margin
(franenfeldiproup) =2:.:)) 2 oe ee 4
4. Wings uniformly fuscus, the marginal cell brown, and the cross-veins
and furcations brown maculate (Peru) -.....-..--. digna, new species
3. Wings brown on proximal half, hyaline on distal half, the median
cord dark brown, the proximal fourth with a luteous tinge (Vene-
zucla, Patiamia)) 22.) os eccease ecoecnasgunns oc ON) CLA OC Ine

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 6, JUNE, 1941 135

Aphamartania murina (Philippi).

1865. Cylindrophora murina Philippi, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 15 : 704.

1868. Cylindrophora calopyga Schiner, Reise Novara : 166. New synonymy.

1891. Theromyia calopyga Williston, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 18: 73. New
Synonymy.

1891. Theromyia murina Williston, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 18 : 73.

1909. Aphamartania calopyga Kertesz, Catal. Dipt., 4 : 144. New synonymy.

1909. Aphamartania murina Kertesz, Catal. Dipt., 4: 144.

1932. Aphamartania murina Bromley, Dipt. Patag. and S. Chile, 5 (3) : 266.

Types —Of murina, probably in the Museo Nacional,
Santiago; of calopyga, probably in the Naturhistorische Staats-
museum, Wien.

Remarks.—Schiner recognized a good possibility that his
species could be synonymous with that of Philippi; but his
material differed from the description of murina in several color
characteristics, that of the abdomen, legs, and wings. The
abdomen in the series at hand varies from shining to dull
pollinose and from black to various degrees of reddish. The
depth of color of the legs is somewhat variable. Schiner’s type
pair possessed the essential wing maculations, since he described
(p. 167), “die kleine Querader und die ausserste Basis der oberen
Zinke der Cubitalgabel etwas verdickt.” Male genitalia, Plate
6wHig. 3.

Distribution —Type locality of murina, Santiago, CHILE: of
calopyga, CHILE. Bromley recorded murina from Santiago,
Cute. Material at hand is from Santiago, Angol (December),
and Valparaiso, CHILE.

Aphamartania nana, new species.

Closely related to murina (Philippi) from which it differs essentially in lacking
the bristles which are located medially on the anterior side of the fore femur of
murina; in lacking the dense brush of white hairs on the proximal portion of the
ventral side of the hind femur and the heavy, black, antero-ventral bristles of
the hind tibia of the male of murina; and in having the periproct of the male
genitalia unarmed.

Male.—Head whitish pollinose anteriorly, ochreous pollinose posteriorly;
vestiture pale yellowish, nearly white anteriorly. Mystax very dense; ocellar
tubercles with many short bristles; occiput densely clothed with hairs and
bristles. Thorax black in ground color except the humeral calli, which are red-
dish. Mesonotum ochreous pollinose with a dull brown, geminate middorsal
stripe, and with a moderately wide lateral stripe on each side, which is bright,
velvety black, interrupted at the transverse suture; clothed with moderately
dense, rather fine, pale yellowish hairs; dorsocentrals post sutural, but little
differentiated; lateral bristles strong, pale yellowish; on each side four pre-
sutural, three or four supraalar, and three on posterior callus. Scutellum
entirely tawny pollinose, with five pairs strong marginal bristles. Thoracic

136 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 6, JUNE, 1941

pleura brown pollinose, with pale yellowish vestiture. Femora shining black
except narrow distal tip yellowish; moderately clothed with fine, white hairs and
distal yellowish bristles above; posterior femur with a dorso-lateral row of five
pale bristles, the ventral aspect with only a few scattered hairs and scarcely
differentiated bristles. Tibiae and tarsi yellowish, the tibiae fuscus below espec-
ially distally; clothed with pale yellowish bristles, the bristles below at distal
ends of tibiae and below on tarsi dark brown; anterior tarsus including claws
about as long as anterior tibia; claws black, yellowish at base; pulvilli about
one-fourth length of claws. Wings pale brownish with fuscus maculations at
forks of veins on median cord of wing and at distal fork of posterior radial vein.
Abdomen shining, the first segment thinly brown pollinose; segments one to
three entirely black, the distal segments deep yellowish except for dorsal black
maculation on four and brownish caudal margins of the segments; vestiture
consisting of moderately dense hairs laterally, pale yellowish, more distinctly
yellowish caudally. Genitalia bright yellowish with strong, yellowish bristles;
periproct and superior forceps simple; inferior forceps with an elongate distal
projection which is bifid and directed inwards at distal end; ventral plate strongly
developed. Length, 11 mm.

Holotype. , Verrugas Canyon, Lima, Peru, 7,000 ft.,
Tes 28 Re C. Shannon): type no. 54193 in the collection of
the U. S. National Museum.

Aphamartania frauenfeldi Schiner.

1866, Aphamartania frauenfeldi Schiner, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 16 : 671.
1867. Aphamartania frauenfeldi Schiner, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 17 : 372.
1891. Aphamartania frauenfeldi Williston, Trans. ae Ent. Soc, lsw/s%
1909. Aphamartania frauenfeldi Kertesz, Catal. Dipt., 4: 144.

1929. Aphamartania frauenfeldi Engel, Konowia, 8 (4) : vie

1931. Cophura panamensis Curran, Amer. Mus. Nov., 487 : 6. New synonymy.

Types.—Of Frauenfeldi, probably in the Naturhistorische
staatsmuseum, Wien; of panamensis, in the American Museum
of Natural History, New York.

Remarks.—I\t seems entirely reasonable that panamensts is
the same as frauenfeldi. Schiner has given an excellent de-
scription which holds equally well for material from Panama.
Dr. Curran first recognized the true generic reference of pana-
mensis. The type of panamensis has been seen by the writer.
Male genitalia, Plate 16, Fig. 1.

Distribution. —Frauenfeldi was described from VENEZUELA;
panamensis from Barro Colorado Island, Canat Zone (Jan—
Feb.). Material at hand is from Alhajuelo, Panama (March).
The writer feels that Engel’s record from Bolivia should not be
accepted until the identification 1s rechecked.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 6, JUNE, 1941 137

Aphamartania digna, new species.

Closely allied to frauenfeldi Schiner, differing essentially in having the wings
rather uniformly fuscus rather than hyaline on the distal half; the male genitalia
smaller with the distal section of the inferior forceps but little widened with the
median tooth very small (Plate 16, Fig. 2). The front is entirely pollinose, the
frontal setae black; the mystax extends above more on either side; the lateral
hairs of the first abdominal segment are black, the mesonotal setae and the
bristles on the legs are entirely black; and the legs are tawny rather than
castaneous.

Male.—Head ochreous pollinose, the front and vertex brown _pollinose;
mystax, beard, vestiture of palpi, occiput, and proximal antennal segments
whitish, frontals and ocellars in part black; antennae brown. Thorax tawny in
ground color except for black mesonotal vittae; ochreous pollinose except for
vittae; mesonotum clothed except on the vittae with black, stout setae; several
black posterior dorsocentrals poorly differentiated; lateral bristles yellowish or
black: three presutural, two supraalar, three postcallar on either side; mesonotal
vittae rather broad, dull black, the lateral vittae nearly divided at the transverse
suture. Scutellum ochreous pollinose, with four pairs strong, marginal, yellowish
bristles. Vestiture of prothorax, coxae, and hypopleura pale. Legs tawny, the
femora a little darker; bristles entirely black; fine setae on femora and tibiae
pale; anterior basitarsus about twice as long as distal tarsal segment. Wings
rather evenly fuscus, the costal cell and cross-veins and furcations brownish.
Abdomen dull black above, brown pollinose, the lateral margin evenly and the
venter tawny; lateral hairs short, thin, white. Genitalia tawny with pale yellow-
ish hairs; distal portion of inferior forceps with broad inner projection, beyond
this elongate, with the small median tooth, curved inwardly. Length, 9.5 mm.

Female.—Similar, the legs a little paler, the distal abdominal segments
tawny. Length, 11 mm.

Holotype-—Male, Shishmay, Huanuco, Peru, September 17,
1937 (Felix Woytkowsk1); type no. 54194 in the collection of
the U. S. National Museum.

Paratype-—¥emale, Shishmay, Huanuco, Peru, September
17, 1937 (Felix Woytkowsk1).

Aphamartania breviventris (Macquart).

1847. Dasypogon breviventris Macquart, Dipt. Exot., suppl. 3: 181. Fig.

1854. Dasypogon breviventris Walker, List. Dipt. Brit. Mus., 6, suppl. 2 : 435.

1891. Theromyia breviventris Williston, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 18 : 73.

1909. Aphamartania beviventris Kertesz, Catal. Dipt., 4 : 143. Species name is
misspelled.

Types.—Possibly in the Museum Histoire Naturelle, Lille,
or in the Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris.

Remarks.—A. breviventris has not been recognized nor in-
cluded in the key. Macquart’s description clearly indicates

138 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 6, JUNE, 1941

close relationship in the frauenfeldi group, but the diagram-
matic drawing showing the mystax is misleading.
Distribution —Described from Rio-Negro.

Aphamartania marga, new species.

Marga differs from all other species included in the genus by the slender body,
the slender legs, the enlarged hind basitarsus and distal end of the hind tibia,
the small, scant mystax, and the single pair of marginal scutellars.

Male.—Head with pollen of face buff, of front and vertex dark brown, of
occiput cinereous. Hairs of head white; mystax sparse, not reaching eyes
laterally and nearly divided medially; ocellars short, numerous. Thorax largely
yellowish in ground color except disc of mesonotum, buff pollinose except disc
of mesonotum. Prothorax rather sparsely clothed with long white hairs.
Mesonotum except lateral margins and calli black, velvety brown pollinose;
clothed laterally and along the line of the dorsocentrals with long white hairs;
postsutural dorsocentrals long; lateral bristles white: three presutural, three
supraalar, and three postcallar on either side. Scutellum with disc brownish
pollinose, marginally cinereous pollinose, with two white scutellars. Hypo-
pleural bristles fine. Legs shining brown, the hind femur below and proximal
two-thirds of hind tibia tawny; bristles of anterior four legs black, of posterior
pair whitish; setae of legs white except on anterior four tibiae and tarsi black;
anterior basitarsus twice as long as last tarsal segment; hind femora slender
especially proximally, without bristles; hind tibia incrassate on distal fourth,
hind basitarsus incrassate. Wings brownish on proximal half, fading into a
paler fuscus distally; costal cell darker brown; anal cell closed and long petiolate.
Abdomen shining black above, the lateral margins yellowish and extending
inwards along caudal margin of each serment; rather long, white hairs sparsely
on sides of proximal two segments. Genitalia yellowish, the superior forceps
brownish; clothed with white hairs and bristles (Plate 16, Fig. 4). Length 9 mm.

Female.—Similar. Length, 10 mm.

Holotype-—Male, Tucuman, Arcentina, 7.XI1.1927 (H. E.
Box); type no. 55469 in the collection of the U. S. National
useum.

Paratype.
Jaynes).

Female, Tucuman, Arcentina, X1.30.28 (H. A.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Bromtey, S. W. 1932. Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile, Part 5, fascicle 3.
Asilidae, London : 265, 266.

Curran, C. H. 1931. New American Asilidae, II. American Museum Novi-
tates, No. 487 : 6.

Encet, E. O. 1929. Die Ausbeute der deutschen Chaco-Expedition, 1925-26,
Asilidae (Diptera). Konowia, 8 (4) : 468.

—— —— 1930. Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region, 24, Asilidae, Stutt-
gart : 440-441.

Hermann, F. 1909. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Asilidae (IV) Dipt. Berliner
Entomologische Zeitschrift (1908), 53: 155.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43 PLATE 16

|. A. FRAUENFELDI 2. A. DIGNA

wee
he\ecne
eal
GE,
is 7>=

wat
L]

Ss)

“4

3, A. MURINA 4. A. MARGA
\

EXPLANATION OF PLATE.

Ventral aspect of male genitalia: 1. 4phamartania frauenfeldi, Schiner, male,
Alhajuelo, Panama, March 4, 1912 (August Busck); 2. 4. digna, new species,

holotype male; 3. 4. murina (Philippi), male, Angol, Chile, December 27, 1929;
4. A. marga, new species, holotype, male.

[139 ]

140 pRoc. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 6, JUNE, 1941

Kerresz, C. 1909. Catalogus Dipterorum, IV, Budapest: 143-144.

Macauart, M. J. 1847. Diptéres Exotiques, nouveaux ou peu connus. Mem-
oirs Societé Sciences Lille, suppl. 3: 181.

Puriiprr, R. A. 1865. Aufzahlung der Chilenischen Dipteren. Verhandlungen
der Zoologische-Botanische Gesellschaft in Wien, 15 : 704.

Scuiner, J. R. 1866. Die Wiedemann’schen Asiliden, interpretirt und in die
seither errichten Gattungen eingereiht. Verhandlungen der Zoologische-
Botanische Gesellschaft in Wien, 16: 671.

—— —— 1867. Neue oder wenigen bekannte Asiliden des k. zoologischen
Hofcabinetes in Wien, Ein beitrag zur kenntniss der Asiliden. Verhandlungen
der Zoologische-Botanische Gesellschaft in Wien, 17 : 372.

—— ——— 1868. Reise der Osterreichischen Fregatte Novara, Zoologische
Theil, Diptera, Wien, : 166-167.

Watker, Francis. 1854. List of the specimens of Dipterous Insects in the
collection of the British Museum, part 6, suppl. 2, London : 435.

Wixuiston, S. W. 1889. Notes on Asilidae. Psyche, 5 : 255, 259.

—— —— 1891. Catalogue of the described species of South American Asilidae.
Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 18 : 73.

A NEW STEATOCOCCUS FROM MEXICO (HEMIPTERA,
COCCOIDEA).

By Harotp Morrison,

Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. S. Department of Agriculture.

The following description of a new Mexican Sveatococcus has
been prepared for immediate publication at the request of its
collector, Dr. Sally Hughes-Schrader, who wishes the name for
use in connection with her publication of extended cytological
studies on the species.

Steatococcus tuberculatus, new species.

Adult female.—Shape characteristic for genus, strongly ovoid, broadest and
high convex through middle of abdomen, anterior end much narrowed. Length
of fully distended adult up to 7 mm. long by 6 mm. wide across abdomen and
about 4.5 mm. high. Color in life, according to notes supplied by the collector,
blue purple dusted with wax, and showing dorsally four tufts of whitish or
yellowish wax and eight pairs of marginal tufts of white wax; dried specimens
reddish brown, with the dorsal wax tufts mostly inconspicuous or not evident
and the marginal tufts sometimes similarly inconspicuous but with a recog-
nizable maximum total of ten pairs of wax-covered spots, individuals evidently,
under some conditions, more or less heavily dusted with wax powder; dorsal
surface likewise exhibiting four rows of short but very evident digitate tubercles,
each bearing several stout setae, the two inner, submedian rows each including
three or four such tubercles, apparently on the three thoracic segments and the
head, the two outer, intermediate, rows usually each including six such tuber-
cles; in addition with two similar more or less conspicuous marginal tubercles

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 6, JUNE, 1941 141]

on each side, apparently associated with the thoracic spiracular region of the
body margin; and with morphologically similar but inconspicuous tubercles
around the entire body margin, apparently one to a segment on each side; these
tubercles less conspicuous in old, fully distended and sclerotized adults, but
apparently characteristic for the species, as nothing comparable has been
observed in any other species.

Antennae characteristic for genus, 10-11 segmented, measurements of one:
I, 148; II, 117; III, 140; IV, 148; V, 97.5; VI, 98; VII, 108; VIII, 113; IX, 105;
X, 183 (all unspecified measurements in microns). Legs characteristic for
genus, measurements for a posterior leg: Coxa, 354; claw, 108; digitule, 46. Beak
short and stout, 1-segmented as usual, 400 long. Spiracles characteristic for
genus, thoracic opening into an obvious groove running towards margin and
gradually fading, a loose cluster of disk pores at margin opposite each thoracic
spiracle and a similar but smaller cluster around each abdominal spiracle, as
well as on each margin of each remaining abdominal segment. Dorsal disk
pores circular to slightly elliptical, usually with 10 loculi and faintly bilocular
center; ventral disk pores a little less strongly sclerotized and more variable in
size and number of loculi, these running from 5 to 10; disk pores within marsup-
ium largest of all, most lightly sclerotized and with 10 to 11 loculi; disk pores
around anal opening likewise larger than those on adjacent dorsal derm, and
less strongly sclerotized; dorsal pores distributed well over the surface, but not
uniformly, appearing more abundant on anterior portion of body and lacking
in a small circular area around each of the tubercles; an occasional concentration
of these pores into loose clusters dorsally. Body setae varying conspicuously
in size, all those dorsally, except the group around anal opening, stout spinelike,
observed size variation on disk of dorsum 43 to 261; some on tubercles even
longer, up to an observed 385; ventral setae likewise varying much in size, but
much more slender, observed size range 39-433; setae within marsupium still
more slender, but showing comparable size variation as do those in the marsupial
ring. A relatively few scattered small and inconspicuous hairs both dorsally and
ventrally; anal area not unusual, the setae in cluster around opening more
slender than average dorsal setae. Ventral cicatrices three, large, the middle
nearly quadrate, the laterals somewhat kidney shaped. Marsupial opening
elongate elliptical, distance from anterior margin to nearest point in sclerotized
posterior coxal attachment plate a little greater than the long diameter of the
opening.

Described from three mounted adult females and a few un-
mounted collected on Acacia pennatula, Oaxaca, Oaxaca,
Mexico, November, 1933, by Dr. Sally Hughes-Schrader (No.
41-1) (holotype and paratypes), and on Caesalpinia coriaria,
San Geronimo, Oaxaca, Mexico, by the same collector (para-
types). First-stage larvae of the species have been studied.
The types are in the United States National Collection of
Coccidae.

This insect differs from all other known members of the genus
in the possession of the dorsal and marginal digitate tubercles
described in detail above.

142 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 6, JUNE, 1941

A NEW TAENIOTHRIPS FROM MICHIGAN (THYSANOPTERA).

By J. C. Crawrorp,
U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine.

The material on which this description is based was received
from Mr. J. E. Walter, who has collected and given to me many
interesting novelties. Therefore, I take great pleasure in
dedicating this species to him.

Taeniothrips walteri, new species.

Female.—Length (distended) 1.5 mm. Pale yellow, slightly tinged smoky
orange, except on head, and more distinctly so on apical abdominal segments;
bases of terga II-VI each with a faint brown band that is wider and darker
laterad; legs about concolorous with thorax; antenna, except basal segment,
mostly brown; fore wing light grayish brown, with base to beyond tip of scale
(except a median light stripe) and a narrow cross band occupying the fourth
1/9 distinctly darker; this cross band beginning at about the point of insertion
of the first of the bristles on the hind vein and fading out beyond the third
bristle; median dark line of hind wing extending almost to tip of wing; sterna
III-VII each with a row of about 4-6 accessory bristles, sternum II with one
pair; fore vein with two distal bristles, hind vein with 10-12 bristles; body
bristles light yellow, slightly darker on apical abdominal segments; tergum VIII
without comb.

Head wider than long, eyes strongly protruding but head not constricted
behind eyes, cheeks almost straight, slightly divergent posteriorly, so that they
are widest just anteriad of where they narrow to posterior margin of head and
narrowest at eyes, with extreme base of head minutely narrower than trans-
postocular line; occiput with about 3-4 transverse anostomosing lines in front
of occipital carina; ocellar crescents bright red; interocellar bristles between hind
ocelli, about on a line tangent to their anterior margins; postocular bristles all
short; antennae elongate, slender, pedicel of III long, apparently composed of
two parts, a slender basal part set off apically by a ring from the wider apical
portion, the latter swollen in distal half and then constricted at apex so that the
segment appears notched; segment II barrel shaped, HI and IV with sides
gently convex, V subcylindrical, VI with the sides almost straight but tapering
to apex; pedicel of IV and V very short, VI with base strongly narrowed;
antenna I white, II light yellow brown, III and IV white in basal one-fourth,
then brown, V lightly tinged brown in basal one-fifth, lightest just beyond
pedicel, and with base of pedicel darker, the rest of the segment brown, VI-
VILL brown, hardly darker than apices of segments IV—V; frontal costa very
deeply, roundly emarginate.

Prothorax broader than long; inner and outer postangular bristles subequal in
length; posterior margin with 2 pairs of bristles between the posterior angulars,
of which the inner is about twice as long as the outer and about two-thirds as
long as the posterior angulars; disk of pronotum with the scattered, slightly
brownish bristles arranged mostly in two rows across anterior half of notum,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 6, JUNE, 1941 143

with only two pairs back of middle, these laterad, one behind the other, the
anterior of these two pairs distinctly longer and stronger than any of the other
discal bristles, but shorter than the inner pair on the posterior margin; in addi-
tion there are, at each extreme lateral margin, anterior to the middle, one pair
of very weak and colorless bristles.

Abdomen slender, but wider than pterothorax, sternal bristles hyaline, almost
invisible, especially the accessory bristles, except in caustic-cleared specimens.

Measurements (in microns, taken from a paratype): Head, total length 128,
from front of eye to occipital carina 108, width across eyes 148, greatest width
across cheeks 130, width behind eyes 124, width at base of head 120; prothorax,
length 174, width 176; pterothorax, length 90, width 196; interocellar bristles,
52; posterior angular bristles, 56; inner pair of posterior marginal bristles, 40;
wings, length 700, medial width 40; bristles on tergum IX, inner pair 92, middle
pair 92, outer pair 100; on tergum X, inner pair 112, outer 120; ovipositor 260.

Antennae: LAT DS BEE OS CGE: VS
Bere Ghee tere ct See eae ae 3036) 55 58) 48 69% 13) 24
Widths. pier Soy att $0) DES Dil Al AWS NG EP

Male —Unknown.

Type locality —Kalamazoo, Mich.

Described from 14 specimens (2 of which are somewhat
crushed) taken October 6, 1940, from midcreases of grass
blades by Mr. J. E. Walter.

Type No. 55441 United States National Museum.

None of the hitherto described North American light-colored
species of Taeniothrips has a distinct dark cross band on the fore
wing and they also differ as follows: T. albipennis Moult. lacking
accessory ventral bristles (according to Dr. Andre), ocellar
crescents colorless, antennal segments much shorter, with
I-V white and VI-VII gray brown, and tergum VIII with a
comb; a/bus Moult. lacking accessory sternal bristles, a complete
comb on tergum VIII (according to specimens from lowa
determined by Moulton for Andre), antennal segments I-III
white, IV brown with base whitish, rest of antenna brown, and
antennal segments much shorter; cos/alis Jones (which Moulton
suggests is a synonym of a/bus Moult.), from the original de-
scription, very similar to the preceding; vaccinophilus Hood
much smaller, antennal segments much shorter, with III equal
to VI in length, interocellar bristles much shorter, hind vein
with only three bristles and these in distal one-half of wing,
pronotum with only one pair of posterior marginal bristles, and
accessory sternal bristles wanting.

144 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 6, JUNE, 1941

MINUTES OF THE 519TH REGULAR MEETING OF THE ENTO-
MOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, MAY 1, 1941.

The 519th regular meeting of the Society was held at 8 p. m., Thursday, May
1, 1941, in Room 43 of the National Museum. President Ewing presided, and
34 members and 13 visitors were present. The report of the April meeting was
accepted as read.

The following new members were elected:

Clarence O. Bare, P. O. Box 7062, Richmond, Va.

John T. Bigham, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Washington,
DAG:

Karl V. Krombein, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Washing-
tony DAC:

Forrest W. Miller, Department of Biology, Hartwick College, Oneonta, N. Y.

The following talks comprised the regular program:

1. The Hoboken plant quarantine inspection house.
George G. Becker, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine.

Mr. Becker discussed the new inspection house at Hoboken and described
the many ways in which it is well suited to handle the large amount of inspection
service for which it was especially designed. Accompanying photographs showed
fumigating tanks, inspection rooms and other interesting features, as well as
members of the staff who intercept insects and plant diseases. (Secretary’s
abstract.)

2. Foreign parasite introduction activities at Hoboken, N. J.
T. R. Gardner, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine.

Some of the present activities conducted by the Division of Foreign Parasite
Introduction were reviewed by Mr. Gardner. He discussed the importation of
foreign species, their breeding in this country and their later release in areas
infested by given hosts. (Secretary’s abstract.)

3. A new method for studying the activities of certain bees and wasps.
Carl G. Hartman, Carnegie Institution of Washington.

Dr. Hartman showed some unusually good motion pictures of various wasps
engaged in nesting and hunting activities. Species of Odynerus and Trypoxylon
in particular were studied, and it was found that a horizontal cylindrical glass
tube attached to the outdoor wall of a building or other object provided an
acceptable nesting site and enabled one to photograph directly through the
walls of the tube. Photographs included the bringing of prey to the nest and the
laying of eggs. (Secretary’s abstract.)

The foregoing talks were discussed by Becker, Anderson, McIndoo, Cushman,
Muesebeck, Hoyt, Harned and Snodgrass.

Gahan, Yeager and Miss Colcord noted a fire that had occurred that morning
in the Entomology Building at the Beltsville Research Center.

Two visitors, Theodore R. Hupper and N. A. Klagsbrune, greeted the Society.

Wood suggested that the annual spring picnic be considered.

Adjournment at 9.45 p. M.

AsHLEY B. GuRNEY,
Recording Secretary.

Actual date of publication, Fune 27, 1941,

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CRAWFORD, J. C.—A NEW TAENIOTHRIPS FROM ime Be

coccomea).

PHILIP, CORNELIUS B.—NOTES ON NEARCTIC PANGONIINAE (owt
TABANIDAR) /ohitig tg ta Sate tage ae inn rete ty ema te ee

ati

PRITCHARD, A, EARL—-ANNAMYIA, A NEW GENUS OF ASILIDAE, WITH A
REVISION OF THE GENUS APHAMARTANIA SCHINER (orrens)

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Corresponding Secrciary: oceans et aa ake ave Seeger ee
TPOUSUTET oie es A eae ee Ie ae tae ae Ne ie ea ite wins 4
Led ibat oo et Pi OL el Re DES fe 5 Oe nO Ore ea he E W. R. Watton”
Executive Committee .C. F. W. Mursepeck, R. E. Snopcrass, E. A. oo
Nominated to represent the Society as V Soe Presedens :
of the Washington Academy of Sciences ....... Austin H, Cra

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

VOL. 43 OCTOBER, 1941 No.

A NEW UNITED STATES LISTROCHELUS (COLEOPTERA:
SCARABAEIDAE).

By Lawrence W. Saytor,
Washington, D.C.

Since the appearance of my recent “Revision of the United
States Listrochelus,”* I have received for study from Dr.
Philip Luginbill a New Mexican species that is undescribed.

Phyllophaga (Listrochelus) luginbilli, new species.

Male.—Oblong-oval, the color rufo-castaneous, with the thorax somewhat
more rufous; dorsal surface shining. Clypeus moderately long and reflexed,
somewhat arcuate in shape, with the center apex truncate; disc finely and densely
punctured. Antenna 9-segmented, unicolorous testaceo-castaneous; club
subequal to funicle. Head witha well-indicated transverse carina on the vertex,
the surface impunctate posteriorly; front flattened, minutely rugose, with fine
punctures separated by about their own diameters. Thorax with-a complete
basal marginal line; the lateral margins are faintly crenate and ciliate, and are
nearly straight before and behind the rounded median dilation; disc glabrous
except for a medio-basal patch of erect hairs, the punctures of moderate size
and rather closely and regularly distributed. Elytra with sparse, short, and
erect hairs; surface ecostate other than for the well-indicated sutural costae;
disc somewhat rugosely punctate, the punctures of the same approximate size
and distribution as those of the prothorax. Pygidium convex and highly
polished; disc with very fine and sparse punctures, each bearing a minute erect
hair. Abdomen flattened; the disc highly polished, and the punctures fine and
very sparsely placed, each with a short procumbent hair; 5th sternite flat, and
with about a dozen scattered, minute tubercles near the middle apex; 6th
sternite half as long as the 5th and with sparse, minute tubercles, and minute
erect hairs. Front claws short and broad, each with a short, triangular, median
tooth, the margin basad of this tooth minutely crenate; claws of mid and hind
feet lacking in this specimen. First two segments of hind tarsus unequal in
length, and long and narrow. The genitalia are bilaterally symmetrical and of
rather simple type for the genus; in enface view (i. e., posterior view) they
approach those of L. texensis Saylor in form, but each lateral lobe is broader at
the middle and the apex of each lobe is more pointed. Length 14.5 mm. Width
6mm.

1 Proceeding of the United States National Museum, Vol. 89, #3095, 1940,
pp. 59-130.

146 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 7, OCT., 1941

The unique male Holotype is from “Grant, New Mexico,
June 14, 1939, collected at light by E. V. W alter) dine type
has been deposited in the United States National Museum at
the request of Dr. Luginbill, to whom I am indebted for the
privilege of studying it.

L. luginbilli will key to the Texan L. cushmani Saylor in my
revisionary key but differs mainly from that species in the
structure of the male genitalia; it may be separated on external
characters by the polished, rather than opaque, elytra, and by
the much finer and sparser punctation of the head.

A RESTUDY OF PARASIMULIUM FURCATUM MALLOCH
(DIPTERA, SIMULIIDAE).

By ALAN STONE,
Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. S. Department of Agriculture.

J. R. Malloch (1914, p. 24) described the genus Parasimulium,
basing it upon a ceae specimen collected at Bair’s Ranch,
Redwood Creek, Humboldt County, Calif., by H. S. Barber.
Malloch described the specimen as a female, presumably because
of the rather small eyes and broad vertex and frons. Knab
(1915, p. 180) considered the specimen to be a male because he
found the clasping organs to be plainly visible. Dyar and
Shannon (1927, p. 3) redescribed ‘the specimen but didenort
indicate the sex. Rubzov (1940, pp. 251 and 469) recognized it
as a male.

The specimen that caused this difference of opinion was
mounted in two parts on a cardboard point. One of the parts
was the head, with both antennae, one palpus, and one leg
attached. The other was the body, with three legs and one wing.
The specimen was mostly yellowish brown, somewhat shiny.
Because of its broken condition and because it was impossible
to study properly the specimen as it was, the writer removed the
fragments from the point, treated all but the wing with potas-
sium hydroxide, and made a slide mount of the wing, terminalia,
and rest of the body, under three cover glasses. It then Became
possible to see the structures, and the accompanying drawings,
made by Mrs. Mary F. Benson, artist of the Bureau of Ento-

mology and Plant Quarantine, depict them.

The frons is broad and greatly widened posteriorly, a most unusual condition
for the male, although the eyes of the male of Simulium (Gigantodax) femineum
Edwards are narrowly separated above. The eyes approach each other below
the antennae, considerably constricting the face, and the face is somewhat
sunken between the eyes. The eye is 0.4 mm. high, with the facets rather large
ventrally and gradually decreasing in size dorsally. The palpus and antenna

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 7, OCT., 1941 147

are as figured, the antenna being 0.46 mm. long and eleven-segmented, if we
agree with Malloch that the first segment is very small and weakly sclerotized.
The present writer is not certain that this is a true segment.

The wing, 1.7 mm. in length, is as shown in the figure, although, since the
submedian fold and anal veins are not discernible in the balsam mount these
are not indicated. In the dry specimen the submedian fold was visible, and in

ExpLANATION OF FIGURES.

Parasimulium furcatum Malloch.

1. Head (antennae and palpi not shown). 2. Palpus. 3. Hind leg. 4. Ter-
minalia, dorsal view. 5. Antenna. 6. Wing.

148 proc. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 7, OCT., 1941

certain lights a very indistinct fork appeared to be present. No basal cell is
evident and vein Cu, is nearly straight. The apical portion of the hind tibia is
somewhat concave dorsally, with many short, rather stout hairs in the concavity.
The hind tibia has a rather small, slender, apical spur but no calcipala, and the
hind basitarsus has no pedisulcus.

It may be seen at once, from an examination of the figure of
the terminalia, that the specimen is a male, although the
structures are quite different in detail from those of any other
described species in the family

The terminalia from the base of the side piece to the apex of the clasper, are
about 0.25 mm. long. The ninth tergite is rather weakly sclerotized and has a
broad, rather deep emargination anteriorly and a narrower notch posteriorly.
No tenth tergite can be seen. Below the ninth tergite lies the aedeagus, dis-
tinctly sclerotized, particularly laterally, broadened apically, narrower basally,
with a dorsal angle and heavy sclerotization at the middle. Below this lies the
adminiculum, a broad, flat plate, the posterior margin nearly straight medially,
but with a strong posterior projection at each side. Each sidepiece is stout,
rather densely pilose on the posterolateral angle, with an apical projection as
shown in the figure. Mediad of this projection is another heavily sclerotized
area, which is probably part of the sidepiece, but perhaps is attached to the base
of the clasper, and from this a small, curved projection extends dorsally to
surround, partially, the posterior projection from the adminiculum. The
claspers are large, swollen apically, and twisted, the apex pointing upward and
inward. They are densely clothed with pubescence. The tergites and sternites
of the rest of the abdomen are large and well sclerotized.

This species is so different from any other of the Simultidae
known to the writer that it is difficult to determine its relation-
ships. A knowledge of the female and the immature stages
would be of great value. The species resembles Prositmulium
Roubaud in having a forked radial sector, setose radius, no
small spines on the costa, and no calcipala or pedisulcus, but
differs in lacking a basal cell and in having vein Cu, nearly
straight. It resembles Gigantodax Enderlein in having a nearly
straight vein Cus, in lacking a basal cell, in having no pedisulcus,
and in having very little hair on the hind coxae, but differs in
having a simple radial sector, in having no spinules on the costa,
and in not having the hind basitarsus unusually elongate. The
genus Austrosimulium Tonnoir differs from Parasimulium in
having the radial sector simple, spinules on the costa, and the
calcipala and pedisulcus well developed. The genus Cnephia
Enderlein agrees with Parasimulium in having no pedisculcus or
calcipala, but usually the radial sector is simple (never distinctly,
broadly forked) and the costa has minute spinules. The genus
Eu Roubaud has a simple radial sector and a distinct
calcipala and pedisulcus. Parasimulium furcatum differs from
all these in having veins Ry, R2+., and R. «4; widely separated

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 7, OCT., 1941 149

at the costa, the frons broad and the face narrow, the lower
facets of the eye larger than the upper ones, and in the shape of
the sidepiece, clasper, and adminiculum of the terminalia.

LITERATURE CITED.
Dyar, H. G., anp SHannon, R. C.
1927. The North American two-winged flies of the family Simuliidae. U.S.
Natl. Mus. Proc. 69 (10): 1-54.
Kwnas, FREDERICK.
1915. New Data and Species in Simuliidae. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus
2 : 177-180.
Mattocn, J. R.
1914. American Blackflies or Buffalo Gnats. U.S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent.
Tech. Ser. 26: 1-71.
Ruszov, I. A.
1940. Fam. Simultidae. Faune de lURSS. Insectes Diptéres 6 (6) : 1-532.

TWO NEW REARED SPECIES OF DORYCTES (HYMENOPTERA:
BRACONIDAE).

By C. F. W. MuesesBeck,
Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

The two species of Doryctes Haliday which are treated in this
paper have apparently remained undescribed, although one is a
common parasite of a serious house pest in New Zealand, and
the other occurs in various tropical regions of the world and has
frequently been received for identification.

Doryctes ambeodonti, new species.

In combining an unusually long submediellan cell, a com-
pletely smooth second tergite, incomplete notaulices, a curved
third abscissa of radius, and nonangulate hind coxae, this
species is at once distinguished from all other species of the
genus known to me.

Female.—Length about 3 to5 mm. Head subcubical, about as wide as thorax,
smooth withonly alittle granular sculpture below each antenna and on the frons;
temple at least one and one-half times as wide as eye; malar space about as
long as transverse diameter of opening between clypeus and mandibles; ocellocu-
lar line twice as long as postocellar line; antenna about as long as body, 27- to
33-segmented; first flagellar segment one and one-half times as long as second;
flagellar segments successively shorter to apex of antenna.

Thorax not depressed; pronotum rugose; mesoscutum abruptly declivous in
front and with a weak median longitudinal groove on dorsal surface extending
to posterior margin; notaulices sharply impressed anteriorly, obliterated beyond
middle; median lobe shining, only very weakly roughened; posterior half of

150 pRoc. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 7, OCT., 1941

mesoscutum granulose; scutellar fovea rugulose, two-thirds as long as scutellum
and divided by a delicate median longitudinal carina; scutellum slightly convex,
faintly coriaceous, shining; propodeum rugose, with areola, petiolar area, and
basal areas more or less distinct; mesopleuron mostly smooth, but with a coarsely
foveolate longitudinal impression below; propectus and mesopectus smooth;
first abscissa of radius equal to greatest width of stigma and about one-half as
long as second abscissa, third abscissa of radius arched and attaining extreme
apex of wing; nervulus postfurcal by much more than its length; recurrent vein
interstitial with first intercubitus or entering first cubital cell very near first
intercubitus; first brachial cell closed; anal cell with a faint cross-vein just basad
of nervulus; lower abscissa of basella shorter than nervellus, and about one-
fourth as long as mediella; nervellus strongly inclivous; postnervellus wanting;
hind coxa smooth, not angulate at base beneath; anterior tarsus about as long as
tibia, the latter without a row of short, stout spines on inner side; hairs of
posterior tibia short, decumbent. 2

Abdomen as long as head and thorax combined; first tergite about as broad
at apex as long, longitudinally rugosostriate, strongly convex, sharply margined
laterally; second and following tergites completely smooth and polished; suturi-
form articulation not evident; ovipositor sheath about as long as head, thorax,
and abdomen combined.

Reddish brown, with pronotum, lateral lobes of mesoscutum, and dorsum of
abdomen beyond first tergite piceous; antenna brown, the scape reddish; wings
rather uniformly infumated, stigma yellowish brown, veins darker; legs yellow,
femora apically, especially posterior pair, tibiae, and tarsi brownish; ovipositor
sheath reddish yellow, black at extreme tip.

Male.—Agreeing with the female in all significant characters.

Type locality —Papakura, New Zealand.

Type.—United States National Museum No. 55679.

Host.—Ambeodontus tristis (¥.) in Dacrydium cupressinum.

Described from 24 females and 2 males reared by K. Harrow,
20 females (including type) and 1 male in July, 1940, and 4
females and 1 male, November 1, 1940. The material was
referred for identification by Dr. Donald Spiller, assistant
entomologist of the New Zealand Department of Scientific and
Industrial Research, with the notation that the host of the
parasite “is our most important beetle attacking houses.”
Paratypes in the collection of the New Zealand Department of
Scientific and Industrial Research.

Doryctes parvus, new species.

In Nixon’s key to the Indian and African species of Doryctes !
this runs to couplet 6, but it 1s not at all similar to either of the
two species that fall there. It is characterized by its unusually
small size, small number of antennal segments, flat dorsal
surface of mesoscutum, very short notaulices, and conspicuous
median longitudinal groove on posterior half of mesoscutum.

11939, Ann, Mag. Nat. Hist., (11) 3; 481,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 7, OCT., 1941 151

Female.—Length 2 to 2.5 mm. Head subcubical, smooth and shining, except
the face, which is very finely, transversely aciculate; malar space about as long
as transverse diameter of impression between clypeus and mandibles; temple
not receding, not quite, or barely, as wide as eye; ocellocular line less than twice
as long as postocellar line; antenna about as long as body, usually 20- to 24-
segmented; first flagellar segment only very slightly longer than second, flagellar
segments beyond the second each imperceptibly shorter than the one preceding
it.

Thorax a little depressed, at tegulae as wide as head; dorsal surface of meso-
scutum unusually flat, finely coriaceous, with a sharply defined median longi-
tudinal groove on posterior half; anterior declivity vertical; notaulices very
short, not extending beyond middle of mesoscutum; scutellar furrow less than
half as long as scutellum, with several longitudinal carinae; scutellum very
slightly convex, faintly punctate; propodeum finely rugulose, with the usual
areolation; mesopleuron smooth and polished, with a narrow, indistinctly
foveolate, longitudinal impression near lower margin; prosternum and meso-
sternum polished, stigma emitting radius from a little before its middle; first
abscissa of radius shorter than width of stigma and a little less than one-half as
long as second; third abscissa straight, attaining apex of wing; third cubital
cell, measured on cubitus, slightly longer than second; last abscissa of cubitus
obsolescent toward wing margin; first cubital cell receiving recurrent vein very
near first intercubitus; nervulus postfurcal by about its own length; first brachial
cell closed; radiella not developed; mediella a little longer than lower abscissa of
basella, the latter about twice as long as nervellus; mediellan cell not short,
gradually widening distad; postnervellus indicated, strongly inclivous; anterior
tibia with an irregular row of short spines on inner side; posterior coxa not
angulate at base beneath; all femora short and stout, posterior femur less than
three times as long as broad; posterior tibia with hairs on outer side short and
decumbent.

Abdomen about as long as thorax, at its widest point at least as wide as
thorax; first tergite broader at apex than long, closely, longitudinally rugulose
and with two well-developed carinae on basal half which arise at basal lateral
angles and converge slightly caudad; the following tergites smooth and polished
except for a short, longitudinally aciculate, transverse area at base of second
which does not extend to the lateral margins of the tergite; ovipositor sheath
slightly longer than posterior tibia.

Head yellowish brown, antenna dark brown except scape, pedicel, and first
flagellar segment, which are concolorous with head; thorax brown, propodeum
black or blackish; wings hyaline; legs entirely yellow; abdomen dark brown to
blackish above, the connate second and third tergites paler. ‘

Male.—Essentially like female except that the head and thorax are usually
darker.

Type locality —Mayaguez, Puerto Rico.

Type.—United States National Museum No. 55678.

Host.—Dinoderus minutns (F.).

Described from 71 specimens reared by H. K. Plank, in
April and May, 1941, from Dinoderus minutus in bamboo. A
considerable number of additional specimens are in the col-

152 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 7, OCT., 1941

lections of the National Museum. No definite hosts are recorded
for most of these, but one series from British India is said to
have been reared from Bostrichidae “‘1n case wood” arriving at
Philadelphia, and another lot is labeled “ex Sanday wood,
Ancon, Canal Zone.” There are also several specimens from
Cuba marked as reared from an insect infesting Gynericum
sagittatum, specimens from bamboo coming from India and
Java, and two labeled “bred from Lyctus, Queensland, Aus-
tiralitare:

THE LARVA AND PUPA OF CYLINDROCOPTURUS FURNISSI
BUCHANAN (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE).

By Wiii1am H. AnpDErson,
Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. S. Department of Agriculture.

In consideration of the thorough investigations carried out
by Mr. R. L. Furniss, Division of Forest Insect Investigations,
United States Department of Agriculture, on the biology of
Cylindrocopturus furnisst Buchanan, it seemed desirable to
prepare a description of the larva. While studying this species
it was necessary to make observations on the larvae of other
species of the genus which were available, in order that a proper
analysis of the importance of the characters could be made.
Some of the information so obtained has been incorporated into
the short key to species included herewith.

CYLINDROCOPTURUS Heller. !

Larva (fig. 1) stout, curved, cylindrical. Head retracted for approximately
one-half its length into prothorax, broader at middle than at anterior border,
longer than wide (fig. 4). Endocarina distinct. Epicranial suture more than
one-half as long as head to base of clypeus; frontal suture extending to base of
antenna. Principal setae distributed on anterior fourth or third of head, as

1 Since the larvae of only a few of the genera which are closely related to
Cylindrocopturus are known, features of supergeneric importance probably have
been included in the generic characterization. For literature treating other
species of this and related genera see the following:

Bovine, A. G.
1926. Immature stages of Eulechriops gossypii Barber, with comments on the
classification of the tribe Zygopsini (Coleoptera : Curculionidae). Ent.
Soc. Wash. Proc., v. 28, n. 3, pp. 54-62, fig.
Damper, A.
1929. Una nueva plaga del nopal (Opuntia sp.) Cylindrocopturus biradiatus
Champion (Inst. Col., Fam. Curculionidae). Bol. Mens. Defensa
Agr. Sec. Agr. Fom. Mexico. a. III, t. III, Nos. 1-4, pp. 7-17, fig.
Keirer, H. H.
1930. The larva of Cylindrocopturus crassus Van Dyke. Pan-Pacific Ent.,
v. 6, n. 4, pp. 167-170, fig.
Garpner, J. C. M.
1934. Immature stages of Indian Coleoptera (14) (Curculionidae). Indian
Forest Rec., Ent. Ser., v. 20, pt. 2, pp. 11-15, fig.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 7, OocT., 1941 153

shown (fig. 4). One ocellus, with convex lens, on each side of head laterad of
antenna. Antenna with one basal article bearing two sensory pores, a terminal
conical sensillum, and four minute processes or setae. Epipharyngeal rods
(fig. 7) strong, nearly straight, convergent, joined at their posterior extremities.
Three anterolateral and three anteromedian setae on each side of epipharynx.
Two pairs of setae between epipharyngeal rods and, on each side anterior to
setae, a cluster of three sensory pores. Mandible (fig. 12) with two teeth. Outer
surface of mandible with two well separated setae, subequal in length, one
ventral and slightly posterior to the other. Maxillary mala (fig. 11) with seven
dorsal and five ventral setae, along inner margin. Body rather uniformly
covered with simple asperities, these particularly dense and conspicuous on
posterior half of pronotum. Spiracles biforous (figs. 2,3). Prothorax, dorsad of
thoracic spiracle, with eleven setae on each side, one of them arising from the
field of dense asperities. Pleural lobe of prothorax with two subequal setae.
Pedal areas each with nine setae, two of them minute, and several sensory pores.
Thoracic scutoscutella, on each side, with four setae of which the two dorsal
ones are subequal and shorter than the two subequal lateral ones. Abdominal
segments, dorsally, with three folds. Scutella of eighth and ninth segments
with two setae on each side, the more dorsal one the shorter. Epipleural lobes
with two setae. Hypopleural lobes with one or with two setae. Ninth abdom-
inalsegment without low, conical, sclerotized process. Anus terminal, surrounded
by four lobes. A pair of setae on dorsal lobe and two setae on each lateral lobe.

The characterization given above has been based on the
following species:

1. Cylindrocopturus furnissi Buchanan. Douglas fir, La Grande, Wash.,

R. L. Furniss, collector. Hopk. U. S. No. 31,798—A.

Cylindrocopturus eatont Buchanan. ex Pinus, Lassen National Forest,

Calif., C. B. Eaton, collector. Hopk. U.S. No. 31,631 e.

3. Cylindrocopturus crassus Van Dyke. ex Chrysanthemum, San Mate®
County, Calif., A. W. Tate, Jr., collector. (No specimens of this species
were studied, the information concerning the characteristics having been
adopted from the description by Keifer, I. c.)

4. Cylindrocopturus operculatus (Say). ex roots Hymenopappus sp., Texas
(various localities and collectors).

Cylindrocopturus furnissi Buchanan.

Mature larva.—Head capsule (fig. 4) anteriorly on each side with oval, dark-
colored spot, its area about half that of labrum. Apical part of mandible not
abruptly set off from basal part along dorsal inner margin (fig. 9). Spiracular
air tubes short, not annulated (figs. 2, 3). Hypopleural lobes of first through
eighth abdominal segments with one seta.

First-stage larva.—Identical to mature larva in setation and general habitus.
Head without pigmented area posterior to antenna. Spiracular air tubes with
indication of two or three annuli.

154 pRoc. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 48, NO. 7, OCT., 941

Pupa.—Head (fig. 5) without setae except two minute pairs at tip of rostrum.
Pronotum dorsally and dorsolaterally with five pairs of setae distributed as
shown (fig. 10). _Meso- and metathorax each with two setae on each side, those
of mesothorax closer together than those of metathorax. Each femur with two
setae near tip. Each of first eight abdominal segments, on dorsal surface, with
two setae on each side. Ninth abdominal segment apparently without setae.
Third ventral (first visible) segment with a single seta on each side near base,
the five segments posterior thereto with two setae on each side. Each pleuron
from first through eighth segments with two setae. Spiracles nearly round, with
irregularly scalloped margin. One thoracic and seven abdominal spiracles on
each side. Ninth segment, laterally on each side, with projection, the latter
slightly sclerotized at tip and terminating in two or three minute projections.

Key to Marure Larvae or Known Species oF Cylindrocopturus.

1. Hypopleural lobes of first eight abdominal segments each with one
seta; spiracular air tubes without annuli (head with oval, dark-
colored area posterior to antenna)... 2
Hypopleural lobes of abdominal segments each with two setae; spiracu-
ular air tubes with annuli (head with or without dark-colored area
posterior to antenna)... 022/00 3
2. Apical portion of mandible abruptly separated from basal portion on dorsal
sels vps pe ha e8 Vale 81 2e op) eee ceeee a ere eee PE a necro eatoni Buch.
Apical portion of mandible not abruptly separated from basal portion
on dorsal inner margin (fig. 9) ooeclie sss fUTNISSE BUCH
3. Head without oval dark-colored area posterior to antenna........-...--....-
crassus Van D.?
Head with oval dark-colored area posterior to antenna

operculatus (Say) ”

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES.

(Figures drawn by author).

1. Cylindrocopturus furnissi Buch., larva, lateral view x24
») - cs thoracic spiracle x280
3 ss oh seventh abdominal spiracle x280
4 es Ss head, dorsal view x40
5. as Se pupa, ventral view x24
6. “ clypeus and labrum x140
7 es S epipharynx x140
8 = eatoni Buch., right mandible, dorsal view x80
9 e furnisst right mandible, dorsal view x80
10 y s pupa, pronotum x24
11 distal end of left maxilla x 140
1) is aH left mandible, lateral view x80

2 Considering the difficulties involved in finding means of separating eatont
Buch. from furnissi Buch., it is expected that species groups rather than the
species indicated will key out under these two names.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43 PLATE 17

[155]

156. PROC. ENT..SOC. WASH:, VOL. 43))NoOl 7) OCT: 1941

LEE ABRAM STRONG.

By Avery S. Hoyt, Srantey B. Fracker, anD Maser Co rcorp.

The Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine on June 2,
lost by death at Tucson, Ariz., the man who has been its chief
since its establishment in 1934. While Dr. Strong had been in
ill health for more than two years, the end came unexpectedly
while he was asleep at night following a day of activity. Up to
within a few hours of his death, he was busily engaged in
numerous matters involving important decisions relating to the
work of the Bureau. He was buried with military honors in
Arlington National Cemetery.

Dr. Strong carried the responsibility of leadership not only
of the Department’s entomological research work but also of
its regulatory and service activities along the lines of insect and
plant-disease control. He was the fifth chief of the entomological
work of the United States Department of Agriculture since this
work was set up as a “Division,” in 1883. He was the first to
die in office. Two of his predecessors, Dr. Howard and Dr.
Marlatt, are still active, though retired; Professor Comstock
was head of the Department of Entomology at Cornell Univer-
sity for many years after his services with the United States
Department of Agriculture, and Dr. Riley resigned the year
before his death in 1895.

Lee Strong was born at Russell, lowa, on June 17, 1886, and
at the time of his death was a few days less than 55 years old.
He was the son of Hez G. and Julia B. (Ashby) Strong. At the
time of Lee’s birth, his father was an lowa farmer but shortly
thereafter moved with the family to Nebraska, where Lee was
brought up as a farm boy in the Missouri Bluff section of that
State. He was educated in the public schools of Nehawka,
Nebraska.

During vacations and after he finished school, Lee worked in
Nebraska in various occupations, including employment on a
railroad. His interest in entomology was first aroused in
connection with work on a fruit farm in Nebraska, where he
was employed in what is said to have been the first spraying for
the codling moth that has ever taken place.

In 1910 the family moved to California, where Mr. Strong’s
public employment began with his appointment as a horti-
cultural inspector for Los Angeles County. After 2 years’
service in this capacity he was appointed a plant-quarantine
inspector for the California State Department of Agriculture
and was assigned to the inspection of incoming boats from
foreign countries and from Hawaii at the port of San Francisco.
His unusual interest, vigor, and leadership became apparent
during the 6 years of his service in port inspection.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43 PLATE 18

LEE ABRAM STRONG

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 7, OcT., 1941 159

In March, 1918, Mr. Strong enlisted in the 537th Engineers
of the United States Army and served with that regiment until
July, 1919, spending 12 months in France. During this period
he was a sergeant on construction work and obtained his first
experience in handling considerable numbers of men under
difficult conditions.

On returning from military service Mr. Strong was again
employed by the California State Department of Agriculture,
which he served from 1919 to 1923, the latter part of this time
as chief quarantine officer of the State. His outstanding ability
along these lines attracted the attention of the Federal Horti-
cultural Board of the United States Department of Agriculture,
and in 1923 he was placed in charge of the maritime port
inspection work of the United States. His Civil Service appoint-
ment at that time was based on the special regulations providing
for the employment of “‘experts,”’ the Civil Service Commission
recognizing that Mr. Strong was already such an outstanding
leader in his field that a competitive examination was not
required.

Before coming to Washington Mr. Strong married Miss
Edith M. Colton on March 2, 1921, at San Francisco. Two of
their three children were born in California, the youngest in
Washington, D. C. They are Madeleine Virginia, Lee A, and
Helen Tesora, all now living in Washington. Madeleine and
Lee have finished high school in Washington, and Helen Tesora
is still in school.

After 2 years in the Federal port inspection work Mr. Strong
returned to California in 1925, as assistant director of the
California State Department of Agriculture, where he remained
until 1929. During this period he was a leader in the establish-
ment of the National Plant Board and the group of regional
boards which now provide the basis for cooperation in plant-
quarantine matters throughout this country. He was elected
chairman of the National Plant Board at the time of its organi-
zation in 1925, and continued as chairman until it was necessary
for him to leave the Board on being called once more to the
United States Department of Agriculture.

In December, 1929, Mr. Strong was appointed chief of the
recently organized Plant Quarantine and Control Administra-
tion and chairman of the Plant Quarantine Board of the United
States Department of Agriculture. He was instrumental in
having the name of that Administration changed to the Bureau
of Plant Quarantine, a change which became effective on
July 1, 1932. As chief of the Plant Quarantine and Control
Administration, and later of the Bureau of Plant Quarantine,
Mr. Strong showed his unusual administrative and organizing
ability in handling the many complicated plant-quarantine

160 pROc. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 7, OCT., 1941

and field-eradication problems coming up during that period.
Among those which attracted public attention was the eradica-
tion of the Mediterranean fruitfly in Florida, for which he
became responsible in the middle of the campaign when he
came to Washington in December, 1929, and which, under his
leadership, was carried to a successful conclusion 2 years later.

During the fiscal year 1934, the Secretary of Agriculture
recommended to Congress the combining of all entomological
and plant-quarantine activities, together with such field-control
projects as the eradication of citrus canker and the Dutch elm
disease and the control of black stem rust of grain and white
pine blister rust. This new organization was built by the Secre-
tary of Agriculture largely around the personality, ability, and
judgment of Mr. Strong, who became chief of the newly estab-
lished Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine on July 1,
1934, following a period of 9 months during which the component
parts of the organization were gradually being placed under the
new leadership.

In addition to the chairmanship of the National Plant Board,
to which reference has been made, Dr. Strong’s honors include
the presidency of the American Association of Economic
Entomologists in 1935, the honorary degree of Doctor of Science
given by the Louisiana State University in 1938, and various
offices in the Entomological Society of Washington. Dr. Strong
was also a member for a time of the Entomological Society of
America and of the Biological Society of Washington.

Dr. Strong was outstanding for his prompt decisions and
keen administrative judgment. Throughout his life he was
active, vigorous, aud popular. He enjoyed and played an
excellent game of golf and was a skillful fisherman. He was a
member at different times of various country clubs around
Washington, the most recent of which was the Kenwood Club.
He was also a member of the Cosmos Club, and a Mason.

The papers of which Dr. Strong is personally listed as author
in the library of the Bureau are the following, in addition to
numerous official quarantine orders and regulations:

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE WriTINGS OF Dr. LEE A. STRONG.
While with California State Commission of Horticulture.

A fortunate find. [Ceratitis capitata in “Kamani nuts.”]
Calif. St. Comm. Hort. Monthly Bul. v. 2, p. 709-710, illus.
1913.

Dangerous souvenirs [Miniature mattress museum” con-
taining cottonseed from boll weevil section.] Calif. St. Comm.

Hort. Monthly Bul. v. 7, p. 209-210, illus. 1918.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 7, OcCT., 1941 161

While with California State Department of Agriculture.

Quarantine service. Report for the month of:
Oct. 1920, Calif. Dept. Agr. Mo. Bul. v.9, p.724-727, 1920.
Nov. 1920, Calif. Dept. Agr. Mo. Bul. v.9, p.728-731, 1920.
Dec. 1920, Calif. Dept. Agr. Mo. Bul. v.9, p. 732-735, 1920.
Jan. 1921, Calif. Dept. Agr. Mo. Bul. v. 10, p. 50-52, 1921.
Feb. 1921, Calif. Dept. Agr. Mo. Bul. v.10, p.120—122, 1921.
Mar. 1921, Calif. Dept. Agr. Mo. Bul. v.10, p.210—212, 1921.
Apr. 1921, Calif. Dept. Agr. Mo. Bul. v.10, p.213-215, 1921.
May 1921, Calif. Dept. Agr. Mo. Bul. v.10, p.331-333, 1921.
June 1921, Calif. Dept. Agr. Mo. Bul. v.10, p.334-335, 1921.

[Report of the work of the Plant quarantine service at interior
points during the past year—1920.| Calif. Dept. Agr. Monthly
Bult -v. 9) p-'463=465, 1920:

Terminal inspection of plant products in the mails. Calif.
Dept. Agr. Monthly Bul. v. 9, p. 231-235, 1920.

Bureau of plant quarantine. Synopsis of work for the month
of:

July 1921, Calif. Dept. Agr. Mo. Bul. v.10, p.381-383, 1921.

Aug. 1921, Calif. Dept. Agr. Mo. Bul. v.10, p.384-385, 1921.

Report of the Bureau of plant quarantine. Calif. Dept. Agr.
Monthly Bul. v. 10, p. 614-626, 1921.

Bureau of plant quarantine. Synopsis of vork for the month
of:
Sept. 1921, Calif. Dept. Agr. Mo. Bul. v.11, p. 67-69, 1922.
Oc 1921 Cali DepesAcr. Moi Buk v. lip. 70=72, 1922.
Nov. 1921, Calif. Dept. Agr. Mo. Bul. v.11, p.413-416, 1922.
Dec. 1921, Calif. Dept. Agr. Mo. Bul. v.11, p.417—420, 1922.
Jan. 1922, Calif. Dept. Agr. Mo. Bul. v.11, p.471-473, 1922.
Feb. 1922, Calif. Dept. Agr. Mo. Bul. v.11, p.474-476, 1922.

Contraband fruit could entail losses of millions. Calif. Dept.
Agr. Monthly Bul. v. 11, p. 366, 1922.

Private cars no respecters of persons. Calif. Dept. Agr.
Monthly Bul. v. 11, p. 366, 1922.

The Bureau of plant quarantine. [Report.] Calif. Dept.
Agr. Monthly Bul. v. 11, p. 852-871, 1922.

Bureau of plant quarantine. A synopsis of work for the
months of March, April, May, June and July, 1922. Calif.
Dept. Agr. Monthly Bul. v. 11, p. 775-780, 1922.

Discussion of [alfalfa weevil problems]. Calif. Dept. Agr.
Monthly Bul. v. 11, p. 621-623, 1922.

Plant quarantine. Calif. Dept. Agr. Monthly Bul. v. 12,
p. 343-346, 1923.

162 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 7, OCT., 1941

Plant quarantine work in California. Calif. Dept. Agr.
Monthly Bul. v. 12, p. 279-281, 1923.

Western views on plant quarantine. Jour. Econ. Ent. v. 16,

p. 266-270, 1923.

Recent plant quarantine development, federal and state.

Calif. Dept. Agr. Monthly Bul. v. 13, p. 54-57, 1924.

Port inspection and a few of the problems which are encount-
ered. Jour. Econ. Ent. v. 18, p. 487-488, 1925. Abstract.

The legal aspect of plant quarantines. Jour. Econ. Ent.
v. 19, p. 326-334, 1926.

While with Plant Quarantine and Control Administration.

Fighting to loosen foothold of Japanese beetle in America.
Plant quarantine measures applied to suppress pest which
evaded precautions against invasion and whose ravages are
costly to nation., U. S. Daily, Sept. 3, 1930.

The Mediterranean fruit fly eradication campaign. Jour.
Econ. nt. vq 23 p. 509-512, 11930;

Plant quarantine enforcement and pest suppression, control,
and eradication in the United States. Inter-Amer. Conf. on
Agr., Forestry and Anim. Indus., Washington, 1930. Documen-
tary material, p. 223-229) lv. 23]

Report of the Chief of the Plant quarantine and control
administration . . . for the fiscal year ending: June 30, 1930.
S6ip-: june 301931599" p:; June 30) 1932. 68.-

Some facts on the plant quarantine situation. Address
delivered at the 63d Convention of California fruit growers and
farmers, Los Angeles, California, Dec. 19, 1930. 7 p. U.S.
Dept. of agriculture, Plant Quarantine and control administra-
tion. Unnumbered publication. Mimeographed.

Enforcement of the Plant quarantine act. Fla. State Hort.
Soc. Proc. 44; p- 131-135, 193i:

Plant quarantines may prove sales opportunity, Strong says.
3 p. U. S. Dept. of agriculture, Office of Information, Press
Service. Press release. Nov. 11, 1931. Muimeographed.

Review of the work of the Plant quarantine and control
administration, for the past year. Jour. Econ. Ent. v. 24, p.

499-503, 193 1.

Statement made at bulb conference, Washington, D. C.,
Jan. 29, 1931. 3p. Muimeographed.
n. 29, 1931. 3p. Muimeographed.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 7, OCT., 1941 163

Plant quarantines, regulations, and embargoes. Natl.
‘Wscoc, Commirs.; Secs. and Deptss Act. Precal> (1932), p. 36—
43. Discussions, p. 43-53. Mimeographed. (Also issued as
8 p. reprint, mimeographed.)

While with Bureau of Plant Quarantine.

The codling moth and spray residue. Blue Anchor, v. 10,
no: 12,p. 21, 46, Dec. 1933.

Observations on the present status of plant quarantine
enforcement. Calif. Dept. Agr. Spec. Pub. 119, p. 58-63. 1932.

Past, present and future of Quarantine 37. Amer. Assoc.
Nurserymen |Proc.] 58 (1933), p. 101-110.

Report of the Chief of the Bureau of plant quarantine .. .
for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1933. 66 p.

While with Bureau of Entomology.

Report of the Chief of the Bureau of entomology . . . for the
fiscal year ending June 30, 1934. 20 p.

While with Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine.

The biological aspects of Quarantine no. 37.. March 26, 1935.
7p. U.S. Dept. of agriculture, Bureau of entomology and
plant quarantine. Unnumbered publication. Mimeographed.

Bureau of entomology and plant quarantine. Calif. Dept.
Agr. Monthly Bul. v. 24, p. 92-97, 1935.

International entomological problems. Jour. Econ. Ent.
Wei) Pe 1 39—142,.1935;

Nations should work together to curb insects, says Strong.
2p. U.S. Dept. of agriculture, Office of information, Press
service. Press release. Jan. 18, 1935. Mimeographed.

Possible future policies in plant quarantine work. Jour. Econ.
ints v.28, p: 5145515) 1935.

Report of the Chief of the Bureau of entomology and plant
quarantine for the fiscal year ending: June 30, 1935, 96 p.;
June 30, 1936. 121 p.; June 30, 1937. 98 p.; June 30, 1938.
$4 p.; June 30, 1939. 117 p.; June 30, 1940. 128 p.

How the Bureau of entomology and plant quarantine of the
United States Department of agriculture affects you. 4p. 1936.
(U.S. Dept. of Agr. Bur. Ent. and Plant Quar. E-383.) Mimeo-
graphed.

Policing our insects. ..Nation;s Agr. v.11, no. 7,.p: 6, 23,
Apr. 1936.

164 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 7, OCT., 1941

Problems of federal and state quarantines. Natl. Assoc.
Comnrrs. Secs. & Dir. Agr. Proc. 19, p. 100-105, 1936. Mimeo-
graphed.

The role of entomology and plant quarantine in extension
work. U.S. Dept. Agr. Ext. Serv., Ext. Serv. Rev. v. 7, no3;
p. 44-45, illus. Mar. 1936.

Science versus insects. 4p. Feb. 8, 1936, U. S. Dept. Agr.
Bur. Ent. & Plant Quar. Radio Interview. Unnumbered.

Stabilizing entomology. Jour. Econ. Ent. v. 29, p. 1-6, 1936.

Undesirable aliens. South. Planter, v.97, no..9, pesow22
illus. Sept. 1936.

Accomplishments of the Bureau of entomology and plant
quarantine under emergency funds. Jour. Econ. Ent. v. 30,

p. 597, 598, 1937.

Bureau of entomology and plant quarantine’s place in forest
disease and insect control. Address delivered at the meeting
of the Western forestry conservation association of Portland,
Oregon. Dec. 8—10) 1937. Dec. 1937. US. Dept. Aggybur
Ent. & Plant Quar. Unnumbered Publication. Mimeographed.

Change of policy in quarantine matters explained by Lee A.
Strong. Florists’ Rev. v. 80, no. 2071, p. 15-17, 54, 58-60,
Auge 5, 1997.

Cooperation of the Bureau of entomology and plant quaran-
tine with the pest control operators. Address delivered at the
5th Annual convention of the National pest association at
Memphis, Venn? Oct. 25-27, 1937: 9’ p. Octj 1937 es:
Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. & Plant Quar. Unnumbered Publication.
Mimeographed. Also pub. in: Exterminators’ Log, v. 5, no. 11,
p. 9-10, Nov. 1937.

The enforcement of plant quarantine restrictions affecting
the importation and exportation of plant and plant products.
Chap. I-III. Amer. Import & Export Bul. v. 7, p. 73, 90,
109) 122) 149" 182, 1937.

Entomology and plant quarantine, Bureau of. American
Annual [for 1936] 1937, p. 254-256.

Insect control. West. Forestry and Conserv. Assoc. Forest
Policy Conf. Portland, Oreg., Dec. 8-10; 1937, p. 76-80:

Insect pests and plant quarantine. American Year Book
(1936), p. 437-442, 1937.

Insect pests and their control offer a Mead field for study and
the development of remedial measures. Du Pont de Nemours,
E, I, & Co, Agr. News Letter, v—5, p. 190-191, 1937.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 7, OcT., 1941 165

[Mutual problems affecting State departments of agriculture
and the Bureau of entomology and plant quarantine.| Natl.
Assoc. Commrs. Secs. and. Directors of Agr. Proc. (1937)
20 : 75-77. Discussion, p. 77-79 (Mimeographed).

New Chemicals promise aid in pest control. Midwest Fruit-
mans v.10, nos. <8 629, p. 6, 7, Mar. 1937:

Nurserymen and quarantines. Amer. Assoc. Nurserymen.
Procol) (L9S7e top. 221-232. Discussion, "ps 282-238. “Also
9 p. processed reprint.

Pest scouting by giro. Natl. Aeronaut. v. 15, no. 10, p. [15],
iiss Oct. 1937.

Strong suggests insect exterminators go after pests on the
farm. 9 p. U.S. Dept. of agr. Press release. Oct. 27, 1937.
Mimeographed.

What is entomology? Smithsn. Inst. Ann. Rpt. 1936/37,
p. 377-383, illus. Also 7 p. mimeographed reprint from U. S.
Dept. Agr. Bureau of Ent. & Plant Quar. Unnumbered Publi-
cation. 1937.

Entomology and plant quarantine, Bureau of. Americana
Annual [for 1937] 1938, p. 248-250.

Farmers pay staggering bill for insect depredations. Constant
battle against numerous pests 1s fought. Mobile Press Register,
Mobile, Alabama, Jan. 30, 1938, p. 18, illus. |

Insect and pest control in relation to wildlife. North Amer.

Wildlife Conf. 3 (1938), p. 543-547, 1938.

Insect pests and plant quarantine. American Year Book
(1937), p. 447-454, 1938.

Legislation in the United States for the control of insects and
other plant pests. 16 p. (U. S. Dept. Agr. Bureau of Ent. &
Plant Quar. E-455.) Mimeographed.

[Obituary.] Leon Howard Worthley, 1877-1937. By W. R.
Walton, E. G. Brewer and L. 4. Strong. Jour. Econ. Ent.
v. 31, p. 132-135, illus. 1938.

The Plant Quarantine act and Quarantine no. 37. 6p. 1938.
(U. S. Dept. Agr. Bureau of Ent. & Plant Quar. E-461.)
Mimeographed.

What is wrong with Quarantine no. 37? 15 p. 1938. U.S.
Dept. Agr. Bureau of Ent. & Plant Quar. Unnumbered Publi-
cation. Mimeographed.

Address before the Directors of the Garden club of America.
[New York City.] 1939. 4p. U.S. Dept. Agr. Bureau of Ent.
& Plant Quar. Unnumbered Publication. Mimeographed.

166 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 7, OCT., 1941

Entomology and plant quarantine, Bureau of. American
Annual [for 1938] 1939, p. 267-271.

Insect pests and plant quarantine. American Year Book
(1938), p. 447-452, 1939.

Insects cannot win. Civilization’s unnatural balance cause of
apparent victory ... Most insects are no more numerous,
only more notorious . . . Many new insecticides. Sci. Amer.

v. 160, p. 222-224, illus. 1939. Appears also in condensed form
in: Conservation, v. 5, no. 2, p. 15-17, Mar.—Apr. 1939.

National defense. South. Planter, v. 100, no. 5, p. 4, 13,
May 1939.

Records on the occurrence and distribution of insects. Ward’s
Combined Ent. and Nat. Sci. Bul. v. 13, no. 2, p. [l); Oct. 1989:

Some quarantine observations. Calif. Dept. Agr. Spec. Pub.
NOwG6,spaiao ole 1939:

Entomology and plant quarantine(s), Bureau of. United
States Department of agriculture. Americana Annual [for 1939]
1940, p. 383-389.

Entomology, Economic. New Internatl. Yearbook for 1939,
p. 228-230, 1940.

Insect pests and plant quarantines. American Year Book
(1939), p. 458-464, 1940.

Statement regarding cooperative pink bollworm control
program for the crop season 1940. 4p. 1940. UisDepe:
Agr. Bureau of Ent. & Plant Quar. Unnumbered Publication.
Mimeographed.

Insect pests and plant quarantine. American Year Book
(1940), p. 490-495, 1941.

CORRECTION OF THE NAME OF AN AFRICAN BEE.
By IT. D: A. CockERELL.

Allodape calidula (Cockerell).

Dufourea (?) calidula Cockerell, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., April, 1908, p. 337.
(Benguella.)

This species is known by the entirely black face, black
abdomen, and clear hyaline wings. The basal nervure falls far
short of the nervulus, as in 4//odape microsticta Ckll.; in A.
friesei Brauns it meets the nervulus. The outer side of the
second submarginal cell is arched, and not far from vertical;
in A. microsticta and A. friesei, and allied species, it is strongly

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 7, OcT., 1941 167

oblique. The clypeus is not coarsely punctured as it is in 7.
tristis Ckll. The face is very much narrower than in 4. stel-
larum Ckll. In Strand’s table of 4//odape it runs to A. planiceps
Strand, which is not at all the same. When describing this
species, I stated that I thought it might form a new genus, but
although it is peculiar, it may be placed in dilodape. Allodape
monticola Ckll., otherwise different, agrees in the entirely black
face. The basal nervure is much more arched than in Macro-
galea candida (Smith), but the shape of the second submarginal
cell suggests that species. 4//odape calidula is in some respects
intermediate between A/lodape and Macrogalea, and should
perhaps be placed in a separate subgenus.

MINUTES OF THE 520TH REGULAR MEETING OF THE ENTO-
MOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, JUNE 5, 1941.

The 520th regular meeting of the Society was held at 8 pr. m., June 5, 1941, in
Room 43 of the National Museum. Twenty-eight members and 8 visitors
attended, with President Ewing presiding. The report of the May meeting
was approved.

J. M. Valentine, of the Division of Insect Identification, Bureau of Ento-
mology and Plant Quarantine, was unanimously elected to membership.

Resolutions relative to the death of the late Chief of the Bureau of Ento-
mology and Plant Quarantine, Lee Abram Strong, were presented by S. B.
Fracker and adopted by the Society. These resolutions appeared in the June
issue of the Proceedings. A biographical sketch of Dr. Strong, prepared by
A. S. Hoyt, S. B. Fracker and Mabel Colcord is in the current issue.

W. B. Wood announced that the Society as a group would not take part in a
spring picnic. The Recording Secretary read a report issued by the Committee
of Public Relations of the Southern California Academy of Sciences which told
of recent plans for the reorganization of the Los Angeles County Museum of
History, Science and Art. It was stated in the report that these plans would
virtually abolish the divisions of Science and History, and the hope was expressed
that sufficient interest might be aroused as to insure the continuation of scien-
tific work at that institution.

Under Notes and Exhibition of Specimens, Gurney reported finding specimens
of a psocid, Psyllipsocus ramburii Selys, on vinegar barrels in the cellar of his
home in Massachusetts. The species is dimorphic and is known from only a few
American localities, though it is widespread in Europe. Psocids of the genus
Lepinotus were also mentioned briefly. (Author’s abstract.)

L. J. Bottimer discussed the vetch bruchid, Bruchus brachialis Fahr., and
reported collecting three specimens about 8 miles south of Madison, Morgan
Co., Ga., April 28, 1941. They were swept from the host plant (Vicia villosa)
growing along the road. This appears to be a second locality record for Georgia,
the first record being based on a single specimen which he took in 1936, at
Clarkston, DeKalb Co. (See Jour. Econ. Ent., vol. 29, p. 807, 1936). (Author’s
abstract.)

168 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 7, OCT., 1941

L. A. Hetrick gave an account of the reactions of honey bees to a certain
mosquito repellent. For some unknown reason the bees in the particular
instance described were greatly excited by the repellent and vigorously stung
several people who were using it as protection against mosquitoes. R. A. St.
George gave a brief note about termite injury.

The main program was as follows:

1. The application of the aerosol to fumigation. L. B. Goodhue, Bureau of
Entomology and Plant Quarantine.

A resumé of experiments with about 200 organic compounds was given. Dr.
Goodhue gave special attention to such substances as derris, pyrethrum and
orthodichlorobenzene. (Secretary’s abstract.)

2. Forest insect investigations of the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station.
L. A. Hetrick, Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station.

For many years the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station has been
interested in the study of forest insects, especially the Southern Pine beetle,
Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm. An outbreak of this bark beetle in Eastern
Virginia in 1937 and 1938 prompted the establishment of a field laboratory for
the study of forest insects. Since it was apparent that the bark beetle epidemic
was subsiding when work was started in 1938, a study was made of the factors
in the natural control of the species. It was found that an endoparasitic
nematode of the genus Anguilionema and an entomophagous fungus of the genus
Beauvaria were most important in causing high mortality of the overwintered
brood and the ultimate subsidence of the epidemic in the summer of 1939.
Insect parasites of D. frontalis were of little importance in the natural control of
the species.

Life-history studies of a number of species of pine-defoliating sawflies are
being conducted. Of these, Neodiprion americanum (Leach) appears to be the
most important. This single-brooded sawfly defoliates the pines during May.
The larvae consume the old needles and the developing new growth takes care
of the requirements of the trees. The pines are not killed by repeated defolia-
tion and no bark beetle outbreaks have followed the sawfly injury, but wood
production of defoliated trees is reduced.

A study of the effects of the low temperatures of January, 1940, on overwinter-
ing pupae of Rhyacionia frustana (Comst.) was conducted. Many of the pupae
were dead in the shoots and there was a relatively high survival of the insect
parasites of R. frustana. However, infestation of pine shoots by this species
during the summer of 1940 was comparable to infestation during the previous
summer. In most of the areas studied during the summer of 1940, R. frustana
had three generations, but in a few areas only two generations were observed.

Lantern slides of pines killed by Southern Pine beetle and other pines defoli-
ated by larvae of Neodiprion americanum were shown. A bark exhibit contrasted
the engravings of Dendroctonus frontalis and Ips calligraphus Germ. (Author’s
abstract.)

3. Termites and the National Defense Program. R. A. St. George, Bureau of

Entomology and Plant Quarantine.
Mr. St. George discussed different types of buildings, from the standpoint of

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 7, JUNE, 1941 169

termite protection, and showed photographs of both recommended and un-
desirable types of building construction. He emphasized the importance of
providing an ample separation of soil and wood by the use of concrete, stone or
other foundation materials which prevent all subterranean termites of this
region from infesting the wooden parts, if care is taken to remove any tubular
outside galleries that the insects may construct in an effort to reach food.
(Secretary’s abstract.)
Adjournment at 9.50 pr. M.
AsHLEY B. GurRNEy,
Recording Secretary.

BOOK NOTICE.

Butterflies: A Handbook of the Butterflies of the United States
Complete for the Region North of the Potomac and Ohio Rivers
and east of the Dakotas, by Ralph W. Macy, Professor of Biology,
College of St. Thomas, and Harold H. Shepard, Assistant Professor of
Entomology, University of Minnesota. 8 vo., cloth, 247 pp., 4 col. pl.,
47 illus., Minneapolis, Minn., University of Minnesota Press, 1941.

It is the purpose of this book to serve as a guide to all the
butterfly species known to occur in that part of the United States
and adjacent Canada lying east of Nebraska and the Dakotas
and as far south as the northern borders of Missouri, Kentucky
and Virginia. Locai distribution in Minnesota has been empha-
sized because of the background of experience and interest on
the part of the authors and the entomological facilities at their
disposal. However, additions have been made by them, from
other sources, of data likely to be of general interest or value to
collectors and students throughout the region covered. The
keys for the identification of species previously have been used
to a considerable extent in local entomology classes, and
have been found sufficiently simple and workable to enable
those having little or no previous knowledge of the subject to
determine without difficulty the more common butterflies. The
nomenclature and the order of McDunnough’s “Check List of
the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States”’ have been
generally followed in the interests of uniformity. Ina few cases,
however, notably in that of the Hesperiidae, there have been
made slight changes here and there in the light of more recent
information. Only a few selected references, those most likely
to be useful or those affecting the status of a given scientific

170 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 7, OCT., 1941

name, are given. Since the book has been prepared to meet the
needs of the amateur student rather than those of the advanced
specialist, no attempt has been made to include anything like
complete lists of references for the various species. The text
illustrations of various butterflies are from photographs fur-
nished by Austin H. Clark. The four-color plates were prepared
from original specimens in the collection of the University of
Minnesota, with financial assistance from the College of St.
Thomas.

Other works which have attempted to cover somewhat the
same general scope, though otherwise excellent, either have omit-
ted treatment of some of the common species, may be lacking
on much recent information, or, like the larger monographs,
notably Scudder’s “The Butterflies of the Eastern United
States and Canada, with Special Reference to New Englard,”
have been long out of print and for the average student are pro-
hibitive in cost. It would appear therefore that there is a defi-
nite need for a work of this kind.

—— Jo spie

Actual date of publication, October 30, 1941,

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CONTENTS

NISSI BUCHANAN (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)

COCKERELL, T. D. A.— CORRECTION OF THE NAME OF AN AFRICAN BEE .: - %

STRONG, :

Pah he col Taney hue: Meee are Pol)

UC savor, LAWRENCE W.—A NEW UNITED STATES LISTROCHELUS (COLEOPTERA:
SCARABAEIDAE). ssp

STONE, ALAN—A RESTUDY OF PARASIMULIUM FURCATUM MALLOCH (DIPTERA:
SIMULIIDAE). ;

November, 1941 No. 8

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VOL. 43 NOVEMBER, 1941 No. 8

NEW SPECIES OF CHAETOCNEMA AND OTHER
CHRYSOMELIDS (COLEOPTERA) FROM
THE WEST INDIES.

By Dogs H. BLake.

The present paper is in part an attempt to straighten out the
identity of species of Chaetocnema in the West Indies that in the
past have been labelled indiscriminately as Chaetocnema apri-
caria (Suffrian). The rest of the paper is made up of the
description of new species collected by P. J. Darlington.

DICOELOTRACHELUS, n. gen.

Elongate oblong, small, (3--4.5 mm.). yellow brown beetles with blue or
bronzy green elytra, usually coarsely and densely punctate above, the pro-
notum with a deep round hole on either side near the middle. Elytra covered
with fine pale pubescence.

Head long and narrowed in lower front, the antennae inserted half way down
head; tubercles above the antennal base distinctly marked but not prominent;
interocular space usually a little more than half the width of the head; occiput
and vertex rugosely or deeply punctate; color yell-w brown, in two species,
with a dark occipital spot. Antennae in one of the three species extending
almost to the middle of the elytra, in the cthers not quite so long, rather heavy;
the first two joints wider than the third, the second almost equal to third, third
not quite so long as fourth, the remainder approximately equal. Prothorax
broader than long, with sides arcnate, a very small tooth at anterior and basal
angles, basal margin somewhat sinuate over the scutellum in two of the species;
dise with a small deep hole on either side about halfway down; the surface
coarsely or rugosely punctate, sometimes polished in places, with a more or
tess developed transverse depression across the middle; color yellow brown
with darker lateral and median shadings in two species. Scutellum well rounded
at the tip, somewhat pubescent. Elytra broader than the prothorax, elongate
oblong with prominent humeri, a deep intrahumeral sulcus and a transverse
depression before the middle and in two species another less marked one behind
the middle; in these two species a rounded callosity at the apical curve; surface
lustrous blue or bronzy green, coarsely and densely punctate and with a fine
silky pubescence. Epipleura broad at base and gradually narrowing and dis-
appearing before the apex. Body beneath finely pubescent, anterior coxal
cavities open, legs modertely long, femora robust, tibiae unarmed, claws
toothed. (dss two, KofNos hole, tpedxmXos neck, i e. thorax.)

172 pROc. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 8, NOV., 1941

Genoty pe.—Dicoelotrachelus darlingtoni, n. sp.

Distribution. —\sland of Hispaniola.

This genus is not very closely related to any North American
one known to me. It belongs among the Galerucinae, probably
near Trirhabda, having the anterior coxal cavities open, the
tibiae unarmed, the claws toothed, the epipleura extending well
down the elytra, and the antennae filiform with the 3d and 4th
joints approximately equal, the 4th being only a trifle the longer.
In its long parallel elytra, as well as in their pubescence and
coloration, it resembles the metallic-colored species of Trirhabda
but it has not a trace of vittation or pale elytral margins. The
simple bowed aedeagus is like that found in Galerucella, Monoxta,
and Trirhabda. ‘The presence of two deep pits on the prothorax
distinguishes the genus from any other group I have seen among
the Galerucinae.

Dicoelotrachelus darlingtoni, n. sp.
Ialigeg, 1120e

Elongate oblong, about 4.5 mm. long, coarsely punctate, yellow brown
with shining green elytra having a bronzy or rosy lustre and with a fine silky
pubescence; pronotum with median and laterai dark shadings.

Head coarsely and rugosely punctate down to the tubercles, these not promi-
nent but distinct; often with a dark spot on occiput, dark shadings on sides below
the antennal base and a dark labrum, face elongate and narrowed towards the
mouth. Antennae extending below the humeri, second and third joints almost
equal and shorter than the fourth, outer joints gradually growing wider and
subequal; pale yellow brown with the apex of each joint tending to be dark.
Prothorax not quite a third wider than long, with sides rounded, basal margin
nearly straight, a small seta-bearing tooth at each corner; surface densely and
coarsely punctate, and midway on eacn side a small round hole; surface between
punctures alutaceous; a poorly marked median transverse depression; color
yellow brown with dark shadings on sides and a median dark line. Scutellum
pale yellow brown, rounded at the apex, pubescent. Elytra wider than pro-
thorax, elongate oblong, a long curving intrahumeral depression and a trans-
verse depression before and after the middle, and on apical curve a rounded
prominence; surface densely and confluently punctate, thereby forming irregular
transverse ridges; with fine and moderately long pale silken pubescence; color
lustrous green, shining with bronzy or rosy lustre. Body beneath reddish brown,
darker on prosternum, finely and lightly pubescent. Legs reddish brown,
tibiae without spines, tarsal claws toothed. Length 4.1-4.5 mm., width 1.9-2mm.

Type.—Male and 1 paratype (male), Museum of Comparative
Zoology Type No. 25241.

Type locality—Loma Rucilla and mountains north, alt. 5—
8000 ft., Dominican Republic, collected in June, 1938, by P. J.
Darlington.

Other localities—Valle Nuevo, southeast of Constanza,
Dominican Republic, ca. 7000 ft., and cloud forest, vicinity of

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 8, NOV., 1941 173

Valle Nuevo, ca. 6000 ft., all collected in August, 1938, by P. J.
Darlington.

Remarks.—VThis species is named in honor of Mr. Darlington,
who collected all three species of the genus.

Dicoelotrachelus depilatus, n. sp.
Fig. 10.

Elongate oblong, about 4 mm. long, yellow brown, with a dark spot on
occiput, dark median and lateral shadings on pronotum and lustrous bronzy
elytra, coarsely punctate, elytra with silken pubescence.

Head long and narrowed towards the mouth, yellow brown with dark spot on
occiput, dark shadings below antennae and dark labrum, upper part of head
down to the tubercles densely and coarsely punctate. Antennae not reaching
the middle of the elytra, yellow brown with the tip of the 7th and 11th and all
of the 8, 9, and 10th joints dark. 2nd and 3rd joints about equal in length and
shorter than 4th, rest subequal, outer joints gradually becoming wider. Pro-
thorax about a third wider than long with arcuate sides, a small seta-bearing
pore at each corner and a nearly straight basal margin; surface densely and
coarsely punctate, the interstices alutaceous; a round hole on either side about
halfway down; yellow brown with dark sides and a dark median stripe. Scutel-
lum pale with dark edges, pubescent, rounded at apex. Elytra elongate oblong
with prominent humeri and well marked intrahumeral sulcus, a transverse
depression before and one after the middle; surface lustrous bronzy, densely
and coarsely punctate, and with a fine silken pubescence easily rubbed off.
Body beneath pale yellow brown with darker prosternum, finely pubescent,
femora and tibiae with darker rings and shadings. Length 4.1 mm.: width
1.6 mm.

Type.—Male, Museum of Comparative Zoology Type No.
25242.

Type locality. —La Visita and vicinity, La Selle Range, Haiti,
5—7000 ft. alt., collected Sept. 18-25, 1934, by P. J. Darlington.

Remarks.—Only one specimen, a male, is known. Unfortu-
nately, when it was being cleaned, the elytral hairs rubbed off.
It closely resembles D. darlingtoni, but has a differently shaped
prothorax and differently colored antennae.

Dicoelotrachelus brevicollis, n. sp.
Riga lille

Oblong, about 3.5 mm. long, yellow brown, with shining violet blue elytra
having in basal half pale margins and sutural edges, elytra coarsely punctate,
with fine pubescence.

Head elongate, coarsely and rugosely punctate over occiput to the tubercles,
entirely pale. Antennae entirely pale, not extending quite to the middle of the
elytra, 3rd joint a little shorter than 4th, remainder subequal. Prothorax about
twice as wide as long, with arcuate sides, a small tooth at each corner, basal
margin joining lateral at an obtuse angle; disc with a transverse depression

174 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 8, NOV., 1941

across the middle terminated at either end by a round hole, this depression with
a few coarse punctures, the rest of the prenotum only finely and inconspicuously
punctate, and shining yellow brown. Scutellum pale. Elytra wider than pro-
thorax, with prominent humeri and long deep intrahumeral depression, another
transverse depression before the middle; surface densely punctate and with a
pale, fine silken pubescence; lustrous blue violet with side margin and epipleura
as far as the apical curve and basal half of the sutural edges yellow, apex dark.
Body beneath and legs entirely pale, lightly pubescent. Length 3.5 mm., width
1.7 mm.

Type.—Female, Museum of Comparative Zoology Type No.
25243.

Type locality—F¥oothills of Cordillera Central, south of
Santiago, Dominican Republic, collected in June, 1938, by P. J.
Darlington.

Remarks—The shorter, differently shaped prothorax and
blue elytra make this species at first glance quite unlike the
other two, but the peculiar deep holes in the prothorax and the
densely punctate and pubescent elytra show its relationship.

Pseudoepitrix hispaniolae, n. sp.
Figen:

Elongate, about 2 mm. long, light yellow brown, shining, prothorax very finely
and sparsely punctate, a little more so in the basal depression, elytra with
striate punctation, more pronounced at the base.

Head entirely pale yellow brown, polished, rounded, nearly impunctate over
occiput, a line running across vertex above tubercles, lower front below antennal
bases smooth with a slight depression. Interocular space half as wide as head.
Antennae long, extending below the middle of the elytra, entirely pale, 3rd and
4th joints not quite so long as 5th. Prothorax a third broader than long with
only slightly curved sides, a small seta-bearing tooth at each corner; basal
margin a little sinuate, a wide, well marked depression across basal fourth.
Surface polished, finely and densely punctate, the punctures becoming a little
thicker in basal depression. Scutellum polished, sub-triangular. Elytra con-
siderably wider than prothorax with prominent humeri, a long intrahumeral
depression and large basal callosity between the humeri and scutellum. Pune-
tation striate and well marked, although not so deep towards the apex; surface
shining, entirely light yellow brown. Body beneath shining brown, abdomen
deeper brown with fine pubescence. Legs pale, tibiae not grooved, first tarsal
joint on hind legs long. Length 2.2-2.4 mm.; width 1.2-1.3 mm.

Type.—Male, Museum of Comparative Zoology Type No.
25244.

Ty pe locality —Cloud forest, vicinity of Valle Nuevo, Domini-
can Republic, about 6000 ft., collected in August, 1938, by
P. J. Darlington.

Remarks.—One other specimen was collected by Darlington,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 8, NOV., 1941 175

on Loma Rucilla and mountains north, in August, 1938, at
5—8000 ft., Dominican Republic. Both specimens are males.
They differ from the Porto Rican species, P. hoffmani Bryant,
in being more robust and wider. The eyes in Aoffimani appear
more prominent and the groove behind the tubercles is an
inverted V, while in P. Aispaniolae it is straight across between
the eyes. The punctation on the base of the prothorax is not
so dense as in P. hoffmani. P. suffriani Jac. from St. Vincent
has differently colored antennae and P. ¢rinitatis Bryant from
Trinidad appears to be darker and with dark varicolored anten-
nal joints. All four species are very closely related. The
aedeagus of P. hispaniolae is quite different from that of P.

hoffman.
Pseudoepitrix jamaicensis, n. sp.
Fig. 3.

Elongate, about 2 mm. long, pale yellow brown, faintly shining, prothorax
very densely punctate, elytra striate-punctate.

Head entirely pale yellow brown, smoothly rounded over occiput, not very
shiny, rather alutaceous, a line running across above the frontal tubercles and
between the eyes, interocular space half width of head. Antennae extending
below the middle of the elytra, gradually deepening in color from the pale
yellow brown basal joints to darker brown from the 5th joint, 3rd joint a little
shorter than the 4th, and 4th not quite so long as 5th. Prothorax only a little
broader than long, with almost straight sides a little contracted towards the
base, a tiny seta-bearing tooth at each corner; surface very densely and finely
punctate, only faintly shining, and under high magnification alutaceous, basal
sulcus well marked. Scutellum triangular. Elytra wider than prothorax, with
prominent humeri, long intrahumeral sulcus and a callosity between this and
scutellum; the striate punctures stronger near the base and becoming faint at
apex, surface moderately shining, entirely pale yellow brown. Body beneath pale
with abdomen sometimes darker brown. Legs pale, tarsi deeper in coloring.
Length 2.3-2.9 mm.; width 1.1-1.3 mm.

Type.—Male and 1 paratype (female), Museum of Compara-
tive Zoology Type No. 25245, 1 paratype (male) in National
Museum, Cat. No. 54185.

Type locality —Whitefield Hall, Blue Mts., Jamaica, ca.
4500 ft. alt. collected Aug. 13-20, 1934, by P. J. Darlington.

Other localities —One other specimen, a female, was taken by
Darlington on the Main Range, Blue Mts., Jamaica, alt.
5—7388 ft., Aug. 17-19, 1934.

Remarks.—This is a little longer and more slender than
P. hispaniolae, with much more densely punctate pronotum
and larger punctures on the elytra. It is not so shiny as P.
hispaniolae. The prothorax is more nearly quadrate. It differs
from the Porto Rican species, P. hoffmani Bryant, in its more
densely punctate pronotum and in not having the oblique line

176 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 8, NOV., 1941

running from the tubercles back to the eye. It differs from
P. suffriani Jac. and P. trinitatis Bryant in not having conspicu-
ously bicolored antennal joints. P. ¢rinitatis also has an
impunctate pronotum.

Chaetocnema plicipennis, n. sp.
Fig. 2.

Ovate, about 2.5 mm. long, shining aeneous black with reddish brown anten-
nae and legs, the hind femora dark; prothorax densely punctate, elytra with
striate punctation, and on each side in the female, at least, two lateral folds.

Head smoothly rounded over occiput with feebly shining alutaceous surface
and fine sparse punctures; entirely dark except the slightly paler brown mouth-
parts; frontal tubercles not marked; interocular space about half the width of
the head. Antennae not reaching the middle of the elytra, deep reddish brown,
first two joints thicker and longer than third and fourth. Prothorax not quite
twice as wide as long with arcuate sides and rounded basal margin, smoothly
convex; surface finely alutaceous, shining, and covered with dense distinct punc-
tures. Elytra with strong striate punctation, shining aeneous, the small humeri
distinctly marked by an intrahumeral sulcus; a slightly elevated basal callosity
near the scutellum, and on either side of the elytra, two well marked lateral folds,
the one next to the margin running from below the humerus to the apical narrow-
ing, the upper one not beginning quite so near the humerus. Body beneath
black, alutaceous, shining, and without distinct punctures, and with fine pubes-
cence. Legs, except the aeneous hind femora, reddish or yellowish brown.
Length 2.4-2.7 mm.; width 1.3-1.6 mm.

Type.—Female, and one paratype, also a female, Museum of
Comparative Zoology Type No. 25246. One paratype, a
female, in the U. S. National Museum, Cat. No. 54182.

Type locality —Valle Nuevo, southeast of Constanza, Domini-
can Republic, collected in August, 1938, by P. J. Darlington.

Remarks.—The two well marked folds on the sides of the
elytra of this species distinguish it from others. This feature
may not be so pronounced in the male, which has not yet been
collected.

Chaetocnema laticeps, n. sp.
Fig. 4.

Oblong oval, about 2 mm. long, densely punctate, shining aeneous black with
a rosy or bluish lustre, antennae, tibiae and tarsi reddish brown; interocular
space unusually wide.

Head alutaceous, finely and rather densely punctate, interocular space about
two-thirds the width of the head. Antennae not extending much below the
humeri. Prothorax about a third wider than long, densely and distinctly
punctate, with a well marked row of punctures along the basal margin. Elytra
lustrous, often with a rosy light, the rows of punctures deep and well marked
to the apex. Body beneath shining, segments of the abdomen distinctly punc-
tate, the first and last being particularly well covered. Femora usually deeper
brown, tibiae and tarsi paler. Length 1.7-2 mm.; width 1-1.2 mm.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 8, NOv., 1941 177

Type.—Male and one paratype (female) Museum of Com-
parative Zoology Type No. 25247. One paratype in the
U. S. National Museum, Cat. No. 54189.

Type locality—Trou Caiman, Haiti, collected Sept. 4, 1934,
by M. Bates.

Other localities:—3 specimens collected at Lake Guanica,
Porto Rico, May 31, 1938, by P. J. Darlington.

Remarks.—The unusually broad head and wide interocular
space as well as the punctate upper and lower surface of this
species are its most distinctive characters.

Chaetocnema perplexa, n. sp.
Fig. 5.

Ovate, about 1.7 mm. long, shining black with an aeneous lustre, antennae
and legs, except the hind femora, pale yellowish brown; pronotum densely punc-
tate, elytra broad and without depressions.

Head alutaceous, a small group of punctures on either side near the eye;
interocular space about half the width of the head. Prothorax nearly twice as
wide as long, the sides slightly curved and only a little narrowed anteriorly, the
basal margin somewhat sinuate over the scutellum, surface alutaceous, densely
and distinctly punctate. Elytra broad, without any transverse depression, and
deeply striate-punctate, the interstices forming small ridges noticeable on the
sides, slightly alutaceous. Body beneath finely punctate, shining dark brown.
Hind femora dark, rest of legs paler brown. Length 1.4-1.8 mm.; width .7-1 mm.

Type and: 8 paratypes, U.S. N. M. Cat. No. 54183, one
paratype in the Museum of Comparative Zoology.

Type locality —Cayamas, Cuba, collected by C. F. Baker.

Other localities Soledad, Mina Carlida, Trinidad Mts.,
Caimito, Baracoa, Havana, Hirradura, Central Manati,
Oriente Province, Majay, Santiago de las Vegas, Central Moron,
Camagiuey, all in Cuba.

Remarks.—This species so closely resembles the North Ameri-
can species, Chaetocnema confinis Cr., that I am unable to
distinguish the two except by dissection. The aedeagi are not
alike. Unfortunately although there are many specimens, there
are very few males in any collection. Besides the Cuban speci-
mens, there are many from other islands of the West Indies,—
Porto Rico, Santo Domingo, and Bermuda,—that are also
indistinguishable from the North American confinis in external
characters. In these cases, however, there are no male speci-
mens. One male from Jamaica has a differently shaped aedeagus
from either the North American confinis or Cuban perplexa.
The lack of male specimens has prevented me from arriving at
any conclusion about the specific standing of these, but I suspect
that there may be a different race in each of the islands. Three
collectors have taken it on Convolvulus.

178 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 8, NOV., 1941

This species has been confused in collections with Chaetocnema
apricaria (Suffrian). Chaetocnema perplexa, however, is a
broad, ovate insect, deep black in coloring and without the
transverse elytral depression found in Chaetocnema apricaria.
It must be a very abundant species as there are many specimens
of it in all the collections from the West Indies.

Chaetocnema elachia, n. sp.
Fig. 9.

Oblong oval, about 1.5 mm. long, shining deep brownish black with legs,
except the dark hind femora, and antennae paler; head and prothorax alutaceous,
the latter very finely and not densely punctate.

Head smooth, alutaceous, two or three punctures on either side near the eye;
interocular space a little more than half the width of the head. Antennae pale
reddish yellow, not extending much below the humeri. Prothorax nearly a
third wider than long, with arcuate sides, surface alutaceous with exceedingly
minute and not dense punctures, a row of deeper punctures along the basal mar-
gin. Elytra not depressed and with well defined striate punctures, shining.

Body beneath dark brown, shining, abdomen finely punctate. Length 1.3-1.7
mm.; width .7-.9 mm. :

Type.—Male and 4 paratypes, U.S. N. M. Cat. No. 54184.
One paratype in the Museum of Comparative Zoology.

Type locality —Vieques I., Porto Rico, collected in Feb. 1899
by August Busck.

Other localities —Rio Piedras, Porto Rico, collected July 25,
1912, by T. H. Jones on leaves of [pomoea.

Remarks.—This species closely resembles Chaetocnema obesula
Lec. from Cuba and North America, but has a differently shaped
prothorax which under high magnification is seen to be finely
punctate. In odesu/a the pronotum appears nearly impunctate
or with the punctures obsolete. There is a slight difference, too,
in the elytral punctation. The aedeagus is acutely tipped in
the Porto Rico species, and broad at the tip in odesula. Jacoby,
in his description of Chaetocnema nana from Grenada, writes
that there is no trace of a row of basal punctures on the pro-
notum, which are well marked in e/achia. The thorax in his
species appears to be wider also.

Chaetocnema apricaria (Suffrian).
Fig. 6.

Chaetocnema apricaria (Suffrian) has been confused in
collections with other species of Chaetocnema closely resembling
it. It is an oblong oval species, usually deep reddish brown or
darker and often with an aeneous lustre, and with paler antennae
and forelegs. Its distinctive character is a transverse depression
in the basal half of the elytra. The head is punctate on either
side of the vertex and the pronotum densely punctate, The

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43 PLATE 19

|. Pseudoepitrix hispaniolae

8 Cobesula lec 9.C.elachia

10 Dreeclatachelus depilatus 1] Dicoelotrachelus brevicollis 12. Dicoelotrachelus darlington

(eiA9)|

180 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 8, NOV., 1941

aedeagus is quite acutely tipped. It is represented in the
National Museum collection by specimens from Cuba only,—
Cayamas, Mina Carlota, Trinidad Mts. Darlington has col-
lected it at Soledad, Cuba.

Chaetocnema brunnescens Horn.
Fig. 7.

Chaetocnema brunnescens, described by Horn from Key West,
Florida, where it was collected by Schwarz, appears to be a
West Indian species. Specimens are in the National Museum
collection and the Museum of Comparative Zoology from
Arthurs Town, Cat Island, Bahamas; La Sardinero, Daredo,
and Boquironi (collected on Ginora rohrii, Lythraceae), Porto
Rico; Magen Bay and Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas, Virgin
Islands; and 8 miles up the Macoris River, and Barahona,
Dominican Republic. W. A. Hoffman has collected it on
mangrove, which may very well be its native foodplant.

It is paler brown than the other species, and has a greenish
metallic lustre and a conspicuously punctate head. It is larger
and more elongate than the other West Indian species of
Chaetocnema, except plicipennis.

Chaetocnema obesula Lec.
Fig. 8.

Chaetocnema obesula, described by LeConte from Schwarz’s
collection at Lake Ashby and Baldwin, Florida, has been sent
to me by S. C. Bruner, who reports it as common in the rice
fields of Cuba. In Cuba it has been collected at the following
localities: Central Francisco, Camagtiey; Guipuzcoa; 14 miles
north of Santiago (on sugar cane); Baragha; Aguacate; Havana;
Central Palma, Oriente Province; St. Tomas, Zapata; Central
Morén, Camagutiey; Banes. In Santo Domingo it has been
collected at San Pedro de Macoris, 8 miles up the Macoris
River, La Romana Central, and Duarte. In Santo Domingo it
has been collected on sugar cane. There are specimens in the
National Museum collection sent from the Louisiana Experiment
Station, taken on sugar cane, but the exact locality is unknown.

Suffrian earlier described Chaetocnema minutissima in his
work on the Cuban Chrysomelidae, but gave Venezuela as the
locality. His brief description fits this species very well but it
seems inadvisable to adopt his name, in view of the locality
given, without examining authentic specimens. Horn describes
his Chaetocnema ectypa as closely resembling C. obesula, but
ectypa is a longer and more slender beetle with fine punctation
on the pronotum. In addition, the aedeagus is quite unlike
that of obesula.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 8, NOV., 1941 181

SOME NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS BACCHA FROM THE NEW
WORLD.

By Frank M. Herz,
University of Mississippi.

In this paper I present the description of two new Syrphid
flies from Panama and South America. Types are in the
author’s collection.

Baccha victoria, n. sp.

Slender, dark brown flies with biannulate hind femora and tibiae; the ahdomen
with a pair of obtuse, posteriorly indented, acutely pointed spots on the third
segment and ill-defined Y-shaped spots on the fourth segment, which are
inverted. Related to prenes Curran.

Male. Length 10 mm. Head: vertex brownish-black with golden brown
pubescence, the head large and much wider than the thorax, the eyes bare, the
post-occiput light yellowish-brown pilose, thickly dusted with pale, yellowish-
brown pollen. The pile midway up the occipital margin consists of two rows of
hairs; vertical and frontal pile black; facial pile pale yellow, front ana face pale
yellow, the cheeks barely darker, the front with a conspicuous small black spot
above the antennae Antennae short, brownish vellow, the third joint dark
brown along the dorsal edge, the antennal pile black, the arista dark brown.
Thorax light yellowish brown, including the sides of the mesonotum; the broad
middle of the mesonotum is brilliant, brownish-golden over which can be dis-
cerned, when viewed at an angle, three stripes of golden-brown pubescence.
There is a diffuse, obscure, diagonal, dark brown band running from metanotum
to the middle coxae, bordering anteriorly the last spiracle but not enclosing it.
Scutellum light, yellowish-brown, somewhat darker on the disc and somewhat
translucent. Abdomen: slender, first segment short, yellowish, broadly dark
brown along the middle and posterior border, second, third and fourth segments
about equal in length, the abdomen narrowest at the end of the second segment,
the apex of the third segment about as wide as the base of the second, each of
these segments approximately five times as long as their narrowest width. The
abdomen is dark sepia-brown in color, with near the middle of the second a
narrowly divided pair of yellow spots which are slightly oblique in their position.
Third segment with, on either side, a yellow, somewhat spear-shaped spot, the
base towards the posterior end of the segment and somewhat indented. Fourth
segment with a longer, larger, spear-shaped wedge of yellow, shaped almost like a
narrow V with sharpened points, the pointed end of which is truncated and
reaches the anterior margin of the segment. On the fifth segment there are a
pair of wedge-shaped spots on the middle of the segment, somewhat narrowly
separated and a second shorter pair lying sublaterally outside of the middle pair.
The terminal part of fourth and fifth segment and hypopygium is very dark
brown, almost black. The pile of the abdomen is black. Legs: almost wholly
pale yellow, the hind pair with the basal third and a wide subapical annulus dark
brown. The pile of the hind femora and tibiae is dark brown, the middle femora
with a narrow posterior fringe of brown pile, the short pile elsewhere golden.

182 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 8, NOV., 1941

Wings: slender, the alulae reduced to a very narrow strip, the entire wing tinged
with brown, the stigmal cell somewhat darker, the subapical cross vein quite
sigmoid.

Holotype: a male. Sao Paulo, Brazil (J. Lane, collector), in
the author’s collection; one paratype male, same data, in the
collection of John Lane.

Baccha Virginio, n. sp.

Related to crocata Austin, but the hind femora are bi- re
the hind tibia brownish with dark brown pile instead of pale
yellow with yellow pile; besides difference in the abdominal
pattern.

Male. Length 7.5 mm. Head: face, cheeks and front yellow, the middle of
the front broadly light brown with a small blackish spot just above the antennae.
The facial and frontal pile is blackish, the antennae are light orange, the third
joint brownish dorsally and apically, the arista black. The pile of the upper
part of the vertex is black, golden below. Thorax: broadly brassy-black with a
pair of widely separated golden-brown pollinose vittae and sparse black pile.
Sides of mesonotum widely yellow except just before the post-calli. Humeri,
pro, meso-, ptero— and upper sternopleurae and post calli yellowish. The scutel-
lum is light ,brownish-yellow with very sparse, black pile, apparently without
fringe and also densely black pubescent over the disc. Abdomen: moderately
constricted basally, flattened, spatulate on the first two segments. The abdomen
is dark, brownish-black marked with yellow as follows: lateral anterior corners
of the first segment, a broad posteriorly indented fascia just past the middle of
the second segment whose lateral ends are attenuated and somewhat diagonally
directed towards the posterior corners of the segment. Third segment with a
pair of narrowly separated, large, triangular, longitudinally placed vittae which
are shallowly indented upon their posterior margins, these spots reach to the
base of the segment and extend two-thirds of the length of the segment. Their
lateral margins are extended diagonally outward but do not reach the lateral
margin of the segment. Fourth segment with, in either side, narrowly separated
in the middle, a yellowish-brown inverted V whose apex is truncated and
touches the base of the segment and the posterior prolongation of the arms are
somewhat rounded and reach almost to the end of the segment; the lateral arms
are somewhat shorter than the medial arms of the V’s. Fifth segment with a
pair of prominent, narrowly separated, yellow-brown vittae from base to apex
which basally are narrowly connected with a much shorter vittae, equally wide
and lying close to the lateral margins. Abdominal pile black, except for four or
five long, golden hairs at extreme base of first segment. Behind these pale hairs
are twelve to fourteen long, black ones. Legs: first pair entirely light yellow,
yellow pilose, Middle femora brown, especially on the basal two-thirds with a
posterior blackish fringe, their tibiae and tarsi yellow, yellow pilose. Hind
femora and tibiae brown, their tarsi yellow, yellow pilose, femora with a
subbasal and subapical annulus, the distal one much darker and more evident.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 8, NOV., 1941 183

Femoral and tibial pile dark. Wings: rather heavily tinged throughout with
brown, the stigmal cell quite dark brown, the allulae linear.

Female. Similar to the male; the front has a continuous, diffuse, slender
brownish stripe, the dark pubescence is less in evidence upon the scutellum, and
the abdominal pattern is very similar.

Holotype: one male, Sao Paulo, Osasco, April 6-8, 1939,
J. Lane, collector. Allotype: one female, same data.

A REMARKABLE NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS PSEUDACTEON
(DIPTERA : PHORIDAE).

By Cuartes T. GREENE,
Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. 8. Department of Agriculture.

In three genera of the dipterous family Phoridae, /poce-
phalus Coquillett, Me/aloncha Brues, and Pseudacteon Coquillett,
all of which are known to occur only in the Western Hemisphere,
the female has a large, exserted, horny ovipositor. In the new
species described below the ovipositor is exceptionally large,
being relatively much broader and deeper than in any of the
described species of the three genera. ;

Pseudacteon grandis, new species.

Female.—Length 1.75 mm. Dark brown. Front about as broad as long, gray
dusted, with a shining black, central, vertical stripe which bifurcates and
extends narrowly around the ocellar triangle; 4 transverse rows of frontal
bristles; first, third, and fourth rows with 4 each; second row with 2, | bristle on
each outer side; on each side of the front between the first and third rows of
frontals 2 vertical rows of very minute hairs, 3 in each row; postantennal pair
converging, proclinate. Third antennal segment oval, dark brown, with a nar-
row ochraceous area along the base and with pale microscopic pubescence; arista
one and one-half times as long as third antennal segment, microscopically pubes-
cent. Palpi pale yellow, each with 4 black spines apically; proboscis pale
luteous.

Thorax much broader anteriorly, faintly dusted; scutellum with 4 bristles,
anterior pair much the smaller; halteres yellowish white; legs pale yellow with
brown infuscation on the apical third of hind femur. Wing with third vein
simple, ending before middle; second costal area twice as long as third; costal
fringe short, only slightly longer than thickness of costal vein.

Abdomen dull brown with last 2 segments edged posteriorly with white and
with several bristly hairs on each side. Ovipositor (fig. 1) very broad, shining
black, horseshoe shaped, bilobed, with a central process which has 4 bristles
apically; across basal portion of arch a transparent colorless membrane, and
along the edge a row of 10 small hairs; above this row 2 vertical rows of 4 fine
hairs each.

Described from two females.

184 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 8, NOV., 1941

The type is from Negril Point, Jamaica, Station 583, May 19,
1941, Dr. E. A. Chapin collector. Taken in association with
the ant Solenopsis geminata (¥.), found in a deserted nest of a
species of Nasutitermes.

The paratype is from State College, Miss., November 22,
1934, Dr. M. R. Smith collector. It was observed attacking the
fire ant, Solenopsis xyloni McCook.

Typeand paratype, United States National Museum No. 53862.

This species runs to Pseudacteon spatulatum (Mall.) but differs
in the shape and much larger size of the ovipositor.

Note.—The ants were identified by Dr. M. R. Smith, Bureau
of Entomology and Plant Quarantine.

Fig. 1. Pseudacteon grandis, postero-dorsal view of ovipositor.

A NEW TAENIOTHRIPS FROM PANAMA (THYSANOPTERA)*

By J. C. CrawrForp,
U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine.

Species in the genus Taeniothrips which have the fore tarsus
apically produced into a clawlike projection are so few in
number that a new one, differing widely from those already
known, is of interest. It is because of this deviation that the
specific name has been selected.

Taeniothrips aberrans, new species.

Holotype female (macropterous).—Length (distended) 1.48 mm. Deep brown,
thorax with slight orange tinge and much red pigment, especially in prothorax;
femora concolorous with body, knees somewhat lighter brown, tibiae paler than

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 8, NOv., 1941 185

femora, paler apically, tarsi yellow; bristles, including those of appendages,
brown; antennae elongate; fore vein with many bristles beyond basal group.
Fore tarsus with a claw at apex; tergum VIII without comb. Ovipositor very
short, weak.

Head very slightly longer than greatest width; antenna brown, segment II
paler apically, III tinged brown at base and light brown beyond circlet of major
bristles, pedicels of segments IV-VI each with a brown ring at base, beyond this
brown ring and including extreme bases of IV-V white, on VI the white a narrow
ring; segment I slightly broader than long, scarcely wider at base than at apex,
II with gently convex sides, III with sides beyond row of major setae faintly
concave, IV elongate vasiform, V subcylindrical, VI pedicellate, tapering to
apex; eyes strongly bulging, with many strong, dark-brown hairs, facets large;
frontal costa deeply, widely emarginate; ocellar crescents a deep red; inter-
ocellars slightly forward of a line tangent to anterior margins of posterior ocelli
and about on lines tangent to the inner margins of front and posterior ocelli;
cheeks faintly convex in outline, subparallel; head slightly constricted back of
eyes; postocular bristles about 4 on each side in almost a straight line across head,
with the inner bristle only slightly longer and stronger than the others; about
half way between postoculars and ocelli a single, weaker, shorter bristle on each
side; head back of postoculars with transverse, anastomosing lines; mouth cone
about reaching middle of prosternum.

Prothorax slightly wider than head, sides subparallel, a bright red band of
subhypodermal pigment across anterior and posterior margins; discal bristles
many, strong; bristle between each pair of posterior angulars long, strong; 2
pairs of posterior marginal bristles between posterior angulars, the inner pair
scarcely longer or stronger than the outer pair and no longer than the bristle
between outer and inner posterior angulars. Fore wings almost uniformly deep
brown; costa with about 29 bristles; fore vein, beyond basal group of 4 (or 5)
bristles, with an irregular row of 9-10 bristles which extend outward beyond
middle of wing but are widely separated from the 2-3 apical bristles; hind vein
with 13-16 bristles. Hind wing brown, median dark streak extending almost
to apex of wing. Fore tarsus with a long, slender, apical claw.

Abdomen with marginal bristles strong; tergum X split open above about to
circlet of major bristles; ovipositor weak, its base at about middle of eighth
segment, venter with no accessory bristles.

Measurements (in microns, mostly from holotype):

Antennae 1 2 $} 4 5 6 7 8
Length 25 34 56 78 50 PP 20 21
Width 34 30 25 Np) 7 20 10 6

Head: Total length 160; from front of eye to occipital carina 128; width
across eyes 154; width across cheeks 146; interocellar bristles 40; innermost post-
ocular 28; prothoracic posterior angulars, outer 44, inner 60; bristles between
each pair of posterior angulars 34, discal bristles 24-28; prothorax, length 120,
width 160; pterothorax, length 176, width 216; bristles on tergum IX, inner 120,
outer 136; on tergum X, inner 128, outer 124; ovipositor 125.

Allotype male (macropterous).—Length (distended) 1.17 mm. Similar to the
female but light brown. Postoculars longer and stronger than in female; 2

186 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 8, NOV., 1941

bristles on each side of head in front of postoculars, of which one is close to and
mesocaudad of eye, the other, shorter and weaker, back of lateral ocellus.
Major bristles of prothorax slightly longer than in female; inner pair of posterior
marginals longer and stronger than outer. Fore vein with 4 basal bristles, then
a group of 9 bristles and 2 apical bristles; hind vein with 10-12 bristles. Tergum
IX with 3 pairs of posterior marginal bristles in addition to the long pair of
lateral marginals, which are somewhat cephalad of posterior marginal row; of
the posterior marginals, the lateral and dorsolateral bristles are close together
and between each pair is a short, strong (20 uw), recurved bristle; median pair of
bristles somewhat more caudad than the other pairs; posterior margin of tergum
IX prolonged caudad on each side into a long (25 uw) curved projection very like
clasping organ (fig. 1).

Measurements (in microns):

Bristles on tergum IX: lateral margins 128; posterior marginals, median pair
46, intermediate pair 92, outer pair 116.

Antennae 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Length 22 32 40 72 60 94 10 8
Width 32 28 24 24 20 19 6 4

Type locality: Panama Canal Zone.

Type Catalogue No. 55666, United States National Museum.

Described from six females and one male taken at the port
of New York on flowers and leaves of Heliconia sp., February
10,.1939, by G. Nicolaides.

Two of the female paratypes were collected dead and are
somewhat broken.

This species differs from both zzconsequens Uzel and calcaratus
Bagn. (which are, I believe, the only described species with
similarly toothed fore tarsi) in the lack of a comb on tergum
VIII, longer antennal segments, with segment IV distinctly
longer than ITI, greater number of bristles on fore vein, inter-
ocellars placed farther forward; from inconsequens further in
having the ovipositor very short, and in lacking a row of acces-
sory bristles on sterna.

Figure 1.—Taeniothrips aberrans, new species. Apical portion of male tergum
IX. (Diagrammatic.) Most setae omitted.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 8, NOv., 1941 187

RECORDS OF TENNESSEE CHRYSOPIDAE (NEUROPTERA).!

By Wm. E. Bick ey,
University of Maryland, College Park, Md.

In 1934 I became interested in the family Chrysopidae and
subsequently collected several hundred specimens in various
parts of East Tennessee. Most of this material is now in the
collection of the Department of Entomology of the University
of Tennessee. Further studies have been made of Tennessee
material in the collections of the University of Tennessee, the
U. S. National Museum (courtesy of Dr. A. B. Gurney), the
Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University (cour-
tesy of Professor Nathan Banks) and the Academy of Natural
Sciences of Philadelphia (courtesy of Messrs. E. T. Cresson,
Jr. and John Rehn). At least one specimen of each species in
the list that follows was sent for determination or verification
to the late Mr. A. N. Caudell, to Professor Nathan Banks, or
to Dr. Roger C. Smith, and this help is gratefully acknowledged.
The late L. C. Marston, Jr., and David A. Johnson helped with
the collecting. Their initials in the list indicate that they col-
ected at Knoxville one or more specimens of the species con-
cerned. Unless otherwise noted, collections are my own.

Allochrysa virginica (Fitch). This species, which is often
associated with aphids on oak trees, is known to be of eastern
distribution, ranging from Massachusetts to Florida. Specimens
are recorded from Knoxville and Byington (D. A. J.). One
specimen collected by S. Marcovitch, Knoxville.

Meleoma signoretti Fitch. This species has not previously
been reported south of New York. However, there are speci-
mens in the M. C. Z. collection from Plummer’s Island, Mary-
land, and Mountain Lake, Virginia. I collected one specimen
at Martel (Loudon County), Tennessee, on August 16, 1934.

Chrysopa lineaticornis Fitch. This species has previously
been reported from New England, New York, Michigan, and
Maryland. It may be synonymous with C. ampla Walk. accord-
ing to Banks (1903). Specimens are recorded from Knoxville

1This paper is based in part upon a thesis submitted to the Graduate Com-
mittee of the University of Tennessee in partial fulfillment of the requirements
for the degree of Master of Science, August, 1936. I wish to express my appre-
ciation to Professor G. M. Bentley and Dr. A. B. Gurney for help in the prep-
aration of the manuscript.

188 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 8, NOV., 1941

and Martel (D. A. J.). One U.S. N. M. specimen was collected
by R. H. Adams at Nashville.

Chrysopa nigricornis Burm. This is a very common species
in Tennessee. It is apparently arboreal and reaches a peak of
abundance in May. Specimens were collected at Knoxville and
Martel (D. A. J.). One U. S. N. M. specimen from Hamilton
County was collected by W. F. Turner.

Chrysopa chi Fitch (and its variety upsilon Fitch) is of north-
ern distribution. Specimens are recorded from Knoxville and
Martel. The wpsz/on variety was not collected.

Chrysopa oculata Say. Of the several varieties in this species,
there is some doubt as to the validity of some of the varietal
names.” However, the three varieties listed here are believed
to be worthy of retention.

Chrysopa oculata Say var. oculata Say. This is the most com-
mon chrysopid in Tennessee. Over 150 specimens were col-
lected at Knoxville, Concord, Martel, and Gatlinburg (D. A. J.
and L. C. M.). One U. S. N. M. specimen from Hamilton
County was collected by W. F. Turner.

Chrysopa oculata Say var. albicornis Fitch. The venation in
this variety is darker than in var. ocu/ata. This variety seems
to be more abundant in less cultivated areas. Specimens were
collected near Louisville (Blount County), Knoxville, Martel,
and Gathinbure (DA. J. and L) CxM:):

Chrysopa oculata Say var. illepida Fitch. The pair of spots
on each side of the vertex is joined to form a longitudinal band
of dark brown or black. Specimens were taken at Knoxville
(DBAS. anda, CI.)

Chrysopa plorabunda Fitch. This species is one of marked
individual variations. Specimens were taken at Knoxville and
Martel (D. A. J.).

Chrysopa harrisii Fitch. Specimens are recorded from Knox-
ville and Martel. One M. C. Z. specimen from Knoxville col-
lected by W. W. Stanley and one from Roan Mountain Station
collected by A. P. Morse.

2 A specimen of C. oculata Say which was thought to be var. d/punctata Fitch
was sent to Professor Nathan Banks. The determination was verified, but he
wrote that, ‘It is useless to retain the varietal name for those forms with two
disconnected brown spots on the vertex.” Smith (1932) has retained this
varietal name.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 8, NOV., 1941 189

Chrysopa quadripunctata Burm. Specimens were taken at
Knoxville, Martel, and Gatlinburg (D. A. J.).

Chrysopa rufilabris Burm. This is the second most abundant
species in Tennessee. Specimens were collected at Knoxville,
Concord, and Martel (L. C. M.). Several U.S. N. M. specimens
from Roane County and Hamilton County collected by W. F.
Turner.

Chrysopa interrupta Schneider. Specimens were collected at
Knoxville and Martel.

REFERENCES.
Banks, NATHAN.
1903. A revision of the Nearctic Chrysopidae. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 29:
(372162, Iopl:
Situ, Rocer C.
1922. The biology of the Chrysopidae. Cornell Univ. Agr. Expt. Sta. Mem.
58: 1287-1372, figs. 154-163, pls. LX XV-LXXXVIII.
1932. The Chrysopidae of Canada. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 25: 579-600, 1 pl.
1934. Notes on the Neuroptera and Mecoptera of Kansas with keys for the
identification of species. Journ. Kans. Ent. Soc. 7: 120-144, 1 pl.

MINUTES OF THE 521ST REGULAR MEETING OF THE ENTO-
MOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON.

The 521st regular meeting of the Society was held at 8 p. m., October 2, 1941,
in Room 43 of the National Museum. President Ewing presided, and 42 mem-
bers and 10 visitors were present. The minutes of the June meeting were read
and approved.

It was unanimously voted to elect to membership Neal A. Weber, Depart-
ment of Biology, University of North Dakota, University Station, Grand Forks,
INE D: ;

E. A. Back exhibited a sample of the so-called California jumping beans,
which were actively jumping. These are galls, formed on oak leaves in the
Western States by the cynipid, Neureterus saltatorius H. Edwards. They are
sometimes called “Flea seeds,” jumping seed galls or jumping bullet galls.
(Secretary’s abstract.)

L. A. Hetrick reported large numbers of tree swallows in and about pine
trees from which bark beetles (Jps sp.) were emerging. He believed the birds
were feeding on the beetles and wondered if similar activity had been noted
by others. (Secretary’s abstract.)

The main program was as follows:

1. Some concepts underlying the work of a naturalist. Adam G. Béving
Smithsonian Institution.

190 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 8, NOV., 1941

Dr Béving gave a terminology to be used in describing the male genitalia of
Phyllophaga spp. He demonstrated the more important types of genitalia,
explaining the application of the terms to them. (Secretary’s abstract.) Com-
ments followed by Snodgrass, Rohwer and Ewing.

2. Present status of methyl bromide fumigation. Randall Latta, Bureau
of Entomology and Plant Quarantine.

Mr. Latta discussed the original use of methyl bromide in France and its
introduction into the United States by F. P. Mackie, of California. It is used
extensively in quarantine work to fumigate such materials as nursery stock
shipped under Japanese beetle and white fringed beetle quarantines, seeds and
produce from the West Indies and Morocco. Another type of use is represen-
ted in the commercial fumigation of mill produce, seeds, artichokes, cheese
mites, gladiolus corms, and grain bins. (Secretary’s abstract.) Remarks were
made by Cushman and Hoyt.

Upon invitation from President Ewing, Cushman briefly discussed the
classification of the Hymenoptera, with special reference to correlations based
on the study of both adults and larvae. At present, evidence is not sufficient
to permit the drawing of conclusions regarding the bearing that larvae have
on the classification. (Secretary’s abstract.)

Adjournment at 9.25 p. M.
AsHLEY B. Gurney,

Recording Secretary.

Actual date of publication, November 29, 1941.

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BICKLEY, WM. E.—RECORDS OF TENNESSEE CHRYSOPIDAE (NEUROPTERA) |
BLAKE, DORIS H.—NEW SPECIES OF CHAETOCNEMA AND OTHER CHRYSO-
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ACTEON: (DIPTERA-PHORIDAE)* 3 G..

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VOL. 43 DECEMBER, 1941 No. 9

NOTES ON THE FLATID GENUS ORMENIS IN THE BRITISH
LESSER ANTILLES AND TRINIDAD, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF
NEW SPECIES (HOMOPTERA: FULGOROIDEA).

By R. G. Fennan,

Entomologist, Citrus Pests Investigation,

Windward and Leeward Islands, BWI.

This paper includes observations on the genus Ormenis made
in the islands of Montserrat, Dominica, St. Lucia, St. Vincent,
Barbados, Grenada, and Trinidad during the last three years,
together with descriptions of material collected in the above
islands and in St. Kitts and Antigua.

In general the volcanic islands of the Lesser Antilles were
originally well wooded, having a low moss-forest on the highest
peaks, high forest on the mountain slopes down to about 800
feet above sea level, then passing through a drier zone of meso-
phytic vegetation to the dry “crotoneta” bush association of
the coastal area.

The various species of Ormenis, though often found on certain
host plants in great numbers, are in fact very general feeders on
shrubs or rather woody herbs. Each species, however, is usually
restricted to adry association or toa wet association, a frequenter
of the “‘crotoneta,” for instance, never occurring in the high
forest. In addition to this segregation of species within islands,
species differ between islands, and in the southern half of the
Lesser Antillean archipelago a high degree of endemism is found.
The importance of these facts, from the systematic standpoint,
is that considerable weight can be attached to locality labels
as corroborative evidence of correct determination of species.
This, however, applies only to a limited extent with regard to
Trinidad, which faunistically has strong affinities with the
mainland of South America.

The characters which have proved to be most reliable in
differentiating between species or groups of species are the form
of the genitalia (especially of the male), and the occurrence and
position of dark (“black”) spots or areas on the tegmen. The
latter, however, is not entirely reliable, as in at least two species
dimorphic forms occur (a dark anda pale form) and this is apt to

192 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 9, DEC., 1941

cause confusion, especially when only females are available for
study. The shape of the egg has some slight systemic value
and is stated where known.

There appears to be little in common between the Trinidad
species so far examined apart from the shape of the female geni-
talia and the possession of two post-tibial spines, but the Lesser
Antillean species fall into convenient groups, one of which, the
eae group is very compact. The groups are typified as
ollows:

(1) Male genital styles excavated on dorsal margin before apex;
anal segment with median ventral process; female genital
styles small, devoid of tooth-like processes; egg approximately

rectangular, pointed at one end, operculate____. contaminata group.
(2) Male genital styles variable; anal segment of female very long,

genital styles small, devoid of tooth-like processes; egg ovoid,

not, operculate 20 2 eee marginata group.
(3) Male genital styles not excavated on dorsal margin before apex,

apical processspinose or peg-like; anal segment without median
ventral process; female anal segment short, genital styles
large and thick with tooth-like processes on apical margin; egg
ovoid, not operculates-4 te) i eee eee plumbea group.

The distribution of these groups, as far as the writer is aware,
is as follows. The contaminata group is represented in Mont-
serrat, Dominica, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Barbados, and Grenada;
the marginata group in St. Kitts, Antigua, Montserrat, and
St. Lucia, while from records it appears to extend to Puerto
Rico. The p/umbea group, into which the Trinidad species fall,
has species in Dominica, St. Lucia, and Trinidad.

The separation of species on superficial characters is not easy
(except, perhaps, when geographical distribution is used as
additional data) and the following key, which does not neces-
sarily indicate the natural grouping of species, and which fails
to differentiate morphologically between dark females of two
species, is offered for what convenience it may afford to students
of the genus.

Key To THE SPECIES OF Ormenis IN THE LESSER ANTILLES AND TRINIDAD.

(1)(2) Anal segment of male with median ventral process; genital
styles excavated on dorsal margin before apex. Anal segment
of female not twice length of genital styles, latter devoid of
tooth-like spines on apical margin _.- contaminata group (21)
(2)(1) Male and female genitalia not as above... 2-2 -. coset (3)
(3) (4) Genital styles of male with two points on apical process. Anal
segment of female nearly four times as long as genital styles,
latter devoid of tooth-like spines on apical margin. Tegmina
withrsevenvdark spots 208 14.2 1 Saab ae eeeaee Septempunctata.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 9, DECc., 1941 193

(4)(3)
(5)(8)

(6)(7)
(7)(6)

(8)(5)

(9)(12)

(10)(11)
(11)(10)
(12)(9)

(13) (16)
(14)(15)
(15)(14)
(16)(13)

(17)(18)
(18)(17)
(19)(20)
(20)(19)
(21) (24)
(22) (23)
(23) (22)
(24)(21)
(25)(28)
(26)(27)

(27) (26)
(28) (25)
(29) (30)
(30) (29)

Genital styles of male with apical process simple; anal seg-
menteotterrale longs or. shortes<10-< WES eee a (5)
Anal segment of male with a downward process half way along
each lateral margin; female with anal segment three times
length of genital styles, or if short, tegmen green with one

larksspo th ett 26h aah 0200 ls ode g le LANE Ec AeT NL RR. PE (6)
Tegmen pale green, with a dark spot at apex of clavus.
Hemalejsenitalistyles' toothed = = unimaculata.

Tegmen dark, with a white submarginal line, or green bordered
orange on apical margin. Female genital styles devoid of
FOUL nike pIOcesses ane c ene ey Pe _...marginata,
Anal segment of male with no processes; genital style with
apical process a long spine. Female with short, bluntly
rounded anal segment, and genital styles with tooth-like

processes onapical margin! <A ok ee) et (9)
Tegmina pale yellow, speckled black, or .wholly black or
ERO e238 ee oats ee ihn 2 2 ll eo oy a (10)
Tegmina pale yellow speckled with black. nigrospersa.
Tegmina wholly black or smoky........-...--------------------------. fulginosa.
Weormmna notas aDGve-... we ee ee ee ee (13)
shegmina’ brown of ted-prowi ee ee (14)
Tegmina dull brown, two clear spots near middle... fortunata.
Tegmina generally red-brown, species 1% cm. long... rufa.
Tegmina black with costal area white, or tegmina wholly

Pal eE eRe lame te ieee ernie te Sera ae on reece eae a ee (17)
Tegmina black or leaden with costal area white... plumbea.
(Mepiminarpaleipheet 2 eee ee ee ee (19)
Hind tibia with one spine before apex... silvestris.
Hind tibia with two spines before apex... plumbea.
Tegmina very dark, costa pale, species not from St. Lucia... (22)
eamennG to); minslong. 22) ts APE Pe te albicostalis.
Memimen; Ss 6O.9. mints ONG 2-4. a2. ee ee palicoureae.
Tegmina not dark, or if so, species from St. Lucia. (25)
Tegmina with a dark line overlying Sc and base of C_ (26)
A large black spot, bordered white, on anterodorsal margin

of eye; costa dusky throughout length... barbadensis.
No such spot; costa pale except at base... sanctaliciensis.
Tegmina tawny, with no dark line overlying Sc... (29)
Tegmina with no dark area at base__-.....2...- contaminata.
Meeminaswith) a darkearealat, base=— =) grenadensis.

ORMENIS Stal.

1862. Ormenis Stal, Rio Janeiro Hemipt., pp. 68, 69.
Genotype, P. rufo-terminata Stal.

Ormenis marginata Brunnich (pygmaea Fabricius).

1767. Cicada marginata Brunnich in Linné Syst. Nat., i (2) p. 710.

194 pRoc. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 9, DEC., 1941

1902. Ormenis (Petrusa) marginata Melichar, Ann. Natur. Mus. Wien, xvii,
p. 96.

1914. Petrusina marginata Melichar, Gen. Ins., Fasc. 182, p. 75.

1923. Ormenis marginata Wolcott, In. Port., Jour. Dept. Agr. P. R., vii, p. 271.

1929. Ormenis marginata Osborn, Jour. Dept. Agr. P. R., xiii. p. 109.

1935. Ormenis marginata Osborn, Sci. Survey P. R. and Virg. Is., N. Y. Acad.

Sci xiiyaupee2 Il.

1794. Cicada pygmaea Fabricius Ent. Syst., iv, p. 30.

1869. Petrusa pygmaea Stal, Hemipt. Fabriciana, 11, p. 112.

1902. Ormenis pygmaea Melichar, Ann. Nat. Mus. Wien, xvii, p. 96.

1914. Petrusa pygmaea Melichar, Gen. Ins., Fasc. 182, p. 75.

1923. Ormenis pygmaea Wolcott, Ins. Port., Jour. Dept. Agr. P. R., xvii,
pa2iml:

1929. Ormenis pygmaea Osborn, Jour. Dept. Agr. P. R., xiii, p. 109.

1935. Ormenis (Petrusa) pygmaea Osborn, Sci. Survey P. R. and Virg. Is.,
INSeY. Alcads Sci. xivaipts2.ps.220;

This somewhat confusing species is here redescribed to define
the limits of its variability.

Male.—Length, 4.8 mm.;tegmen,5.6mm. Female. Length,4.8mm.;tegmen,
5.5 mm. Frons as broad as long, median carina distinct on basal two thirds,
only slightly indicated on basal third, lateral carinae indicated at base, lateral
margins Carinate; no carinae on clypeus; vertex very short; head (with eyes)
as wide as thorax; pronotum smooth, no carinae on mesonotum. Hind tibia
with only one spine before apex. Costal area granulate, strongly so basally,
Sc simple to apex, R, M, and Cu forking at about the same level. Base of R
and M granulate. Nodal line parallel to outer margin of tegmen, marked by
irregular cross-veins and a depression from the node to near apex of clavus;
apical line even and distinct. Basal two thirds of clavus strongly granulate.

Dark form (marginata of earlier writers): pronotum fuscous, laterally orange
or yellow, mesonotum fuscous near middle line, two pale areas on anterior
margin, and two pale spots near posterior margin, two pale lines in position of
lateral carinae, remainder fuscous, darker near tegulae; vertex very dark, frons
and clypeus very pale yellow; genae pale yellow, antennae and a spot below
eyes orange, eyes dark purplish red. Legs pale yellow. Abdominal tergites
and genitalia fuscous, sternites and pygofer pale. Tegmina fuscous, a white
band between C and Sc to apex, slightly overlapping costal area, a trace of white
on veins along nodal line. Wings smoky, veins slightly darker. Insect in life
powdered pale grey or leaden grey.

Pale form (pygmaea of earlier writers): head, thorax and legs very pale yellow,
eyes red; tegmina pale greenish yellow, veins beyond nodal line and membrane
pale orange, wings transparent. Insect in life powdered white, appearing whitish
green.

There are many intergrades between these two types.

Anal segment of male with a process half way along each lateral margin
curving ventrally and anteriorly; apical portion of segment not strongly deflexed.
Genital styles with L-shaped apical process, bluntly curved anteriorly at tip.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 9, DEC., 1941 195

Aedeagus with two pairs of dorsal processes at apex, the larger half the length
of the aedeagus, the smaller two thirds the length of the larger; a pair of lateral
processes on dorsal border behind apex, each process terminating in a cone-like
point, or in two points, the posterior often more prolonged, and ventrally in a
short spine directed anteriorly. Anal segment of female long (1.0 mm.), genital
styles small, devoid of tooth-like apical processes. Egg ovoid, smooth.

Redescribed from 38 males and 13 females of the dark form
and 33 males and 50 females of the pale form collected by the
writer at Ile’s Bay (Dec. 30, 1938), Woodlands Estate (Dec. 30,
1938), Foxes Bay (Dec. 31, 1938) and Plymouth (Feb. 22, 1940)
Montserrat, B. W. I. on Lantana camara and L. involucrata,
and from material in the writer’s possession from St. Kitts
(Aug. 2, 1940) and Antigua (Oct. 20, 1938). The species, as
noted by Mr. Oman, is dimorphic, and intergrades, though
common, are few in comparison with either of the main colour
forms, which occur together in nature. The species is not
closely related to any other Lesser Antillean species. Material
from Montserrat has been deposited in the U. S. National
Museum.

Ormenis albicostalis, n. sp.

Male.—Length, 5.7 mm.; tegmen, 6.4 mm. Female. Length, 5.9 mm.;
tegmen, 7.2 mm. Frons broader than long (1.5 to 1), median carina distinct
on basal half, absent from apical half, lateral carinae only indicated at base,
lateral margins carinate; no carinae on clypeus; vertex very short; width of
head (with eyes) equal to width of thorax; pronotum with a depression apically
on each side of middle line, and a median depression basally; mesonotum without
carinae, or median carina slightly indicated at apex. Hind tibia with two spines
before apex. Costal area slightly granulate, Sc strong, simple to apex; R arising
from M near its base and forking about one third from base of tegmen, M forking
basad of R fork, Cu forking slightly basad of M fork. Base of R and M granu-
late. Nodal line parallel to apical margin, poorly defined by irregular cross-
veins and a depression from middle of tegmen to near apex of clavus; apical
line fairly even and distinct; clavus granulate on basal two thirds.

Pronotum testaceous, mesonotum fuscous, with a paler line on each side of
middle line, frons pale yellow, carinae fuscous; clypeus pale yellow, genae pale
yellow, antennae light fuscous, eyes red or red-brown. Front and middle legs
pale, hind legs light fuscous, paler towards tarsi; abdomen and genitalia fuscous.
Tegmen usually very dark fuscous, costal area pale yellow, only narrowly so
at base; veins near node pale yellow, a narrow transparent area in middle of
tegmen along nodal line. Tegmen sometimes light fuscous, a dark area over
base of C and a dark line between Sc and R. Wings smoky, veins dark.

Anal segment of male with ventral process medially, slightly recurved;
deflexed part of segment about equal in length to horizontal part. Genital
style with dorsal margin excavated before apex, apical process a short twisted
peg. Aedeagus with two long spines at apex dorsally, directed anteriorly for

196 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 9, DEC., 1941

two-thirds length of aedeagus, and ventrally a pair of stouter processes, some-
times curved like a sickle, sometimes like a fish-hook.

Anal segment of female short, bluntly rounded; genital styles small. Devoid
of tooth-like processes on apical margin. Egg approximately rectangular,
pointed at one end, operculate.

Described from 5 males and 7 females collected by the writer
near Plymouth, Montserrat, B. W. I. (Jan. 19, 1939) on Lantana
involucrata and Caesalpinia sp. Type material in the U. S.
National Museum, Washington.

This species is a member of the contaminata group.

Ormenis septempunctata, n. sp.

Male.—Length, 4.7 mm.;tegmen, 5.3mm. Female. Length,4.2mm.;tegmen,
5.7 mm. Frons broader than long (1.5 to 1), median carina distinct on basal
two thirds, absent from apical third, lateral carinae scarcely indicated at base,
lateral margins carinate; no carinae on clypeus; vertex very short; width of
head (with eyes) equal to width of thorax. Pronotum with a slight depression
anteriorly on each side of middle line; no carinae on mesonotum, or median
carina slightly indicated at apex, lateral carinae at base. Hind tibia with two
spines before apex. Costal area slightly granulate. Sc simple to apex, R forking
about one third from base of tegmen, and M forking about same level, Cu
forking slightly basad of former two. Base of R and M granulate. Nodal line
indicated by irregular cross-veins, well defined in middle; apical line even and
distinct. Clavus heavily granulate over basal two thirds.

Pronotum and mesonotum pale testaceous; mesonotum with a long triangular
outer spot and a small round inner spot on each side basally. Frons light yellow-
ish-brown, clypeus yellow; genae and antennae yellow, eyes purple. Legs very
pale yellow. Abdominal tergites fuscous, sternites pale; genitalia testaceous
to deep fuscous. Tegmina stramineous to fuscous, a small dark spot at base of
costal area; a small trapezoidal spot at base of radius; an elongated spot (3.5 to
1) between M and Cu basally; a larger semicircular spot distad of this; a small
intense spot at apex of clavus; two irregular spots occupying two or three cells
near the anterior and posterior ends of nodal line. Apical line and veins distad
of it often margined with fuscous, more intense posteriorly. Wings clear or
slightly fuscous, veins a little darker. Insect in life powdered a pale fawn,
relieved only by the dark spots.

Anal segment of male devoid of ventral process; deflexed part of segment one
third of length of horizontal part. Aedeagus with a pair of hooks at apex ven-
trally recurved anteriorly; arising at same level two ventral processes recurved
anteriorly almost as long as aedeagus; a small projection directed outwards
distad of centre of aedeagus. Genital styles with apical process broad, a larger
prong basally, directed outward, a smaller prong apically directed posteriorly.

Anal segment of female very long (1.4 mm.); genital styles small, rounded,
devoid of tooth-like apical processes. Egg ovoid.

Described from 19 males and 16 females collected by the

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 9, DEC., 1941 197

writer at Ile’s Bay, Montserrat, B. W. I. (Jan. 7, 1939) on
Coccoloba uvifera. Type material is in the U. S. National
Museum, Washington.

Ormenis sanctaliciensis, n. sp.

Male.—Length, 6.3 mm.;tegmen,6.7mm. Female. Length6.4mm.;tegmen,
6.8 mm. Frons broader than long (1.3 to 1), median carina distinct on basal
half, absent from apical half, lateral carinae indicated at base, lateral margins
carinate; no carinae on clypeus; vertex short. Width of head (with eyes) equal
to width of thorax; a slight median ridge on the pronotum anteriorly, and a
small depression on each side of it; mesonotum with median carina indicated at
apex, lateral carinae at base. Hind tibia with two spines before apex. Costal
area slightly granulate, Sc strong, simple to apex, R arising from M near its
base, forking one third from base of tegmen, M forking basad of R fork, Cu
forking at same level as M. Base of R and M granulate. Nodal line parallel
to outer margin of tegmen, poorly marked by irregular cross veins and an antero-
posterior depression along a line from node to apex of clavus; apical line even
and distinct. Basal two thirds of clavus strongly granulate.

Pronotum testaceous or fuscous, mesonotum pale or dark fuscous, frons
testaceous or pale, clypeus fuscous with a pale yellow line each side of middle,
curving inward basally; genae and antennae yellow, eyes red, sometimes suffused
with dark brown in anterior half. Legs pale testaceous. Abdominal tergites
fuscous, sternites paler; genitalia fuscous or very dark. Tegmina tawny,
sometimes dark brown, a broad very dark band overlying costa at its base, and
lying between Sc and R to apex; veins beyond apical line fuscous, membrane
smoky; base of clavus fuscous to fuliginous. Wings pale with veins apically
fuscous, or smoky with veins dark. Insect in life powdered pale fawn, pearly
grey, or pale green, according to ground colour.

Anal segment of male with a short median ventral process; deflexed part of
segment only slightly shorter than horizontal part; aedeagus with a pair of
dorsal apical spines less than half as long as aedeagus, and ventrally a pair of
curved processes, short and twisted, each ending in a small hook. Genital
styles with dorsal margin excavated before apex; apical process a blunt peg
directed upwards.

Anal segment of female only a little longer than the genital styles, bluntly
rounded; genital styles small, rounded, and devoid of tooth-like processes on
apical margin. Egg approximately rectangular, pointed at one end, operculate.

Described from 42 males and 54 females taken at Castries
(Nov. 30, 1938), Choiseul (May 14, 1939), and Soufriere (Feb.
2, 1939) St. Lucia, B. W. I., on Lantana involucrata, mango,
limes, Coccoloba uvifera, and many wayside bushes. This species
which is endemic, as far as is known, is well separated from its
counterparts of the contaminata group in other islands by the
shape of the ventral processes of the aedeagus. Type material

n U.S. N. M., Washington.

198 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 9, DEC., 1941

Ormenis fortunata, n. sp.

Male.—Length, 5.9 mm.; tegmen, 7.9 mm. Female. Length, 6.4 mm.;
tegmen, 8.0 mm. Frons broader than long (1.3 to 1), median carina distinct on
basal two thirds, absent or only indicated on apical third, lateral carinae absent,
lateral margins carinate; no carinae on clypeus; vertex very short. Width of
head (with eyes) equal to width of thorax. Pronotum with a depression anter-
iorly on each side of middle line; mesonotum with median carina present, or at
least indicated, at base, and indicated at apex; lateral carinae slightly indicated
at base. Hind tibia with twospines beforeapex. Costal area slightly granulate,
Sc strong, simple to apex; R arising from M near its base, forking slightly basad
of middle of tegmen, M forking at about basal third of tegmen, Cu forking at
approximately same level. Base of R granulate. Nodal line parallel to outer
margin of tegmen, even and distinct, produced distally before turning basad to
apex of clavus; apical line fairly even and distinct; basal half of clavus strongly
granulate.

Pronotum light fuscous, mesonotum dark fuscous, middle line testaceous
anteriorly, frons testaceous, clypeus and genae stramineous, antennae pale with
a dark spot dorsally, eyes red. Front and middle legs yellow, hind legs pale
fuscous. Abdominal sclerites and anal segment dark or light fuscous, genitalia
light fuscous. Tegmina evenly fuscous, veins of costal area and distad of nodal
line concolorous, remainder dark fuscous. Two areas of tegmen transparent,
a drop-shaped area between middle of tegmen and base of Cu, and a bluntly oval
area anterior to middle of tegmen close to nodal line; a dark area in middle of
clavus. Wings smoky, veins very dark. Insect in life powdered greyish-brown,
a pale spot on middle of tegmen, a black spot on clavus.

Anal segment of male thin, bluntly rounded, distally only slightly deflexed,
and devoid of ventral processes. Aedeagus with two sclerotized knob-like
processes apically; ventrally, arising near apex, a pair of curved processes equal
to half length of aedeagus, curving moderately upwards; at the origin of these
processes a transparent spine one-sixth length of the process. Genital styles
expanding in width apically; apical process a long spine recurved at tip.

Anal segment of female bluntly rounded, genital styles broad and thick,
bordered apically with tooth-like spines. Egg sub-rectangular, tapering towards
one end, beset heavily with chorionic processes on one side.

Described from 5 males and 5 females collcted at 700 ft. on
Morne Fortunée, St. Lucia, B. W.I., by the writer (Feb. 2, 1940)
on Psidium guayava. Type material in the U. S. National
Museum, Washington.

The species is considered endemic, and in the characters of
the male genitalia and of the egg appears to occupy an isolated
position.

Ormenis plumbea, n. sp.

Male.—Length, 5.6 mm.; tegmen, 6.5 mm. Female. Length, 5.7 mm.;
tegmen, 7.2mm. Frons only a little broader than long (1.2 to 1), median carina
distinct on basal three-quarters, absent from apical quarter, lateral carinae only

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 9, DEC., 1941 199

indicated on basal third, lateral margins carinate; no carinae on clypeus;
vertex very short. Width of head (with eyes) equal to width of thorax. Pro-
notum with a circular depression anteriorly on each side of middle line; meso-
notum without carinae, or only an indication at base of lateral carinae. Hind
tibia with two spines before apex. Costal area slightly granulate, Sc strong,
simple to apex, R arising from M at its base, and forking about one quarter
from base of tegmen, M forking basad of R fork, Cu forking at same level as
M. Base of Rand M granulate. Nodal line parallel to outer margin of tegmen,
marked by irregular cross-veins and a slight depression from middle of apical
quarter of tegmen to near apex of clavus; apical line fairly even and distinct.
Basal three-quarters of clavus strongly granulate.

Dark form: pronotum fuscous, mesonotum fuscous with pale lines below
position of lateral carinae, frons testaceous, clypeus pale yellow, darker medially
towards apex, genae and antennae pale yellow, eyes dark red. Legs pale yellow,
tarsi testaceous. Abdominal tergites and anal segment fuscous, sternites pale
yellow, testaceous, or fuscous. Tegmina black or very dark fuscous, a pale line
along costal area, narrowing in basal third, veins paler in depression along nodal
line; wings smoky, veins concolorous or very dark. Insect in life powdered a
uniform leaden or blue-grey colour.

Pale form: head, thorax, legs, abdomen and genitalia a transparent whitish
green; tegmina pale whitish green with a narrow black line along commissural
margin; wings milky.

Anal segment of male devoid of median ventral process; deflexed part of
segment equal to, or slightly longer than, horizontal part; aedeagus with two
short straight spines projecting antero-dorsally at apex, laterally a shallowly-
curved process, with the pointed tip sometimes markedly turned dorsally;
genital styles expanding in width apically, apical process a long spine curving
anteriorly.

Anal segment of female bluntly rounded; genital styles broad, thick, bordered
on apical margin with tooth-like processes.

Described from 33 males and 42 females collected at 1,000 ft.
in mountain forest near Quilesse, St. Lucia, B. W. I., by the
writer (Mar. 20, 1939) on Miconia sp. and Piper sp. The species
is considered endemic, and is separated from allied forms by the
short spinose dorsal processes of the aedeagus. No intergrades
between the dark and pale form have been found. Type material
in the U. S. National Museum, Washington.

Ormenis silvestris, n. sp.

Male.—Length, 4.8 mm.; tegmen, 5.6 mm. Female. Length, 4.8 mm.;
tegmen, 6.5 mm. Frons only slightly broader than long (1.1 to 1), median
carina distinct on basal two thirds, absent from basal third, lateral carinae
absent, lateral margins carinate; no carinae on clypeus; vertex very short.
Width of head (with eyes) rather less than width of thorax. Pronotum with a
slight depression each side of middle line anteriorly; mesonotum without carinae,
or lateral carinae only indicated at base. Hind tibia with only one spine before

200 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 9, DEC., 1941

apex. Costal area slightly granulate, Sc strong, simple to apex, R arising from
M at its base forking about one third from base of tegmen, M forking markedly
basad of this, and Cu forking still further basad. Base of R and M granulate.
Nodal line parallel to apical margin and poorly marked with irregular cross-
veins; apical line distinct and even. Clavus strongly granulate.

Pronotum, frons, genae and antennae pale stramineous, eyes dark red;
clypeus, mesonotum, legs, and abdomen light yellow, pregenital sternite edged
with black, genitalia stramineous and red-brown. Tegmina transparent, very
rarely faintly smoky between C and Sc along basal third of tegmen; wings
transparent. Insect in life powdered white, and appearing greenish-white.

Anal segment of male with no ventral process; deflexed apical part of segment
about as long as horizontal part. Aedeagus with a pair of dorsal spines at apex
directed anteriorly for slightly less than half length of aedeagus; two stout ventro-
lateral processes shallowly curved upwards; genital styles expanding in width
apically, apical process a long spine curving anteriorly.

Anal segment of female rather short, bluntly rounded; genital styles broad
and thick, bordered with tooth-like processes on apical margin. Egg ovoid,
smooth.

Described from 18 males and 9 females collected at 800 ft. in
mountain forest near Mahaut, Dominica, B. W. I., by the writer
(June 14, 1939) on Palicourea crocea, Phyllanthus sp., and Piper
sp. Type material in U. S. National Museum, Washington.
This species is interesting in having no dark form, and not
corresponding to any dark form in other islands. It is separated
from the pale form of O. plumbea, its St. Lucian counterpart,
by the single postibial spine, and by the length and shape of the
dorsal processes of the aedeagus.

Ormenis palicoureae, n. sp.

Male.—Length, 7.2 mm.;tegmen,8.1mm. Female. Length, 6.8 mm.;tegmen,
8.9 mm. Frons broader than long (1.3 to 1), median carina distinct on basal
half, absent from apical half, lateral carinae only indicated at base, lateral
margins carinate; no carinae on clypeus; vertex very short. Width of head
(with eyes) equal to width of thorax. Pronotum with a small depression
anteriorly on each side of middle line; mesonotum with median carina only
indicated at apex, lateral carinae at base. Hind tibia with two spines before
apex. Costal area slightly granulate, Sc strong, simple to apex, R arising from
M near its base, forking about one third from base of tegmen, M forking basad
of R fork, Cu forking still further basad. Base of R and M granulate. Nodal
line parallel to apical margin, indicated by a depression from node to near apex
of clavus; apical line even and distinct. Clavus strongly granulate on basal
two thirds.

Pronotum fuscous, mesonotum dark fuscous, frons and clypeus light fuscous,
genae and antennae light fuscous, pale below eyes and antennae, eyes red;
front and middle legs testaceous tinged with fuscous, hind legs light fuscous;
abdominal tergites and genitalia fuscous, sternites lighter. Tegmina black or

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 9, DEC., 1941 201

fuliginous, a pale yellow line along costal margin, very narrow in basal third of
tegmen, then covering costal area to node; veins near node pale, membrane smoky,
veins concolorous, nodal line pale. Wings smoky, veins very dark. Insect in
life powdered a dusky blue.

Anal segment of male with a large ventral median process, with a transparent
flange projecting distally from its middle line in a broad arc; deflexed part of
segment shorter than horizontal part; aedeagus with a pair of spines arising
from apex and directed anteriorly for almost half the length of aedeagus; a pair
of strongly recurved processes ventro-laterally; genital styles with dorsal margin
deeply excavated before apex, apical process twisted, with a sinuate outline
laterally.

Anal segment of female broad and bluntly rounded; genital styles small,
oval, devoid of tooth-like processes on apical margin. Egg approximately
rectangular, pointed at one end, operculate.

Described from 4 males and 10 females collected at 800 ft.
in mountain forest near Mahaut, Dominica, B. W. I., by the
writer (June 14, 1939) on Palicourea crocea. Vype material in
U.S. National Museum, Washington. This species is a forest
dweller, and is endemic in Dominica, as far as is known. It is
separated from other dark members of the contaminata group
by its size and by the shape of the male genitalia. No pale form
of this species has been found.

Ormenis barbadensis, n. sp.

Male.—Length, 4.8 mm.; tegmen, 5.5 mm. Female. Length 5.0 mm.; tegmen,
6.1 mm. Frons broader than long (1.4 to 1), median carina distinct on basal half,
absent from apical half, lateral carinae present, but not well marked, lateral mar-
gins carinate; nocarinae onclypeus; vertex very short. Widthofhead (witheyes)
equal towidthof thorax. Pronotum withasmall depression on each side of middle
line anteriorly; mesonotum with no carinae, or median carina only indicated api-
cally. Hind tibia with two spines before apex. Costal area slightly granulate, Sc
very strong, simple to apex, R arising from M near its base, forking about one
third from base of tegmen, M forking distinctly basad of R fork, Cu forking
at same level as M. Base of R and M granulate. Nodal line parallel to apical
margin, feebly indicated by an elongated depression from node to near apex
of clavus; apical line fairly even and distinct; clavus strongly granulate on
basal two thirds.

Pronotum testaceous or fuscous, dark on posterior margin, mesonotum
orange or fuscous, frons dark testaceous, clypeus testaceous, genae and antennae
pale or testaceous, eyes red, a black spot on antero-dorsal margin, bounded
with white; legs pale yellow; abdominal tergites, anal segment and genitalia
fuscous, sternites paler. Tegmina pale tawny, costal area very pale yellow as
far as node, costa usually narrowly fuscous; a black or dark fuscous line between
Sc and R; tegmen shading distally from middle into fuliginous; veins of apical
area concolorous, depression of nodal line transparent; base of clavus fuliginous.
Wings pale or smoky, veins darker. Insect in life powdered pale fawn or grey.

202 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 9, DEC., 1941

Anal segment of male with a median ventral process curved anteriorly; apical
part of segment strongly deflexed and almost equal in length to horizontal part;
aedeagus with a pair of dorsal spines apically directed anteriorly for half length
of aedeagus; ventrally a pair of thin processes more than two thirds length of
aedeagus, greatly recurved and sometimes crossing apically; genital styles
broad with dorsal border excavated before apex; apical process blunt, peg-like,
twisted at tip.

Anal segment of female short, bluntly rounded; genital styles rounded, small,
devoid of tooth-like processes on apical margin. Egg approximately rectangular,
pointed at one end, operculate.

Described from 16 males and 7 females collected by the writer
at St. Lawrence Gap, Barbados, B. W. I. (Mar. 30, 1941), feed-
ing on Coccoloba uvifera. This member of the contaminata group
is separated from contaminata and grenadensis by che pattern
of the tegmina, and from sanctaliciensis by the long ventral
processes of the aedeagus, and, less easily, by the narrowly
fuscous costa. Type material in U.S. N. M., Washington.

Ormenis contaminata Uhler.

1895. Ormenis contaminata. Uhler Proc. Zool. Soc. London.

As Uhler at the conclusion of his description noted that he did not find any
important differences to separate O. contaminata from a species ranging between
Northern Mexico and the Southern United States, the following redescription
is offered with additional characters to define the species more closely.

Male.—Length, 5.2mm.;tegmen,6.4 mm. Female. Length, 5.2mm.;tegmen
6.7 mm. Frons broader than long (1.3 to 1), median carina distinct on basal
half, absent from apical half, lateral carinae not even indicated, lateral margins
carinate; no carinae on clypeus; vertex very short. Width of head (with eyes)
equal to or slightly wider than thorax. Pronotum with a depression anteriorly
on each side of middle line; mesonotum with no carinae, or lateral carinae
slightly indicated at base. Hind tibia with two spines before apex. Costal
area slightly granulate, Sc strong, simple to apex, R forking about one third
from base of tegmen, M forking basad of R fork, Cu forking slightly distad of
M fork. Base of R and M granulate. Nodal line marked anteriorly by cross-
veins, posteriorly by an elongated depression along a curved line from node
to apex of clavus; apical line fairly even and distinct. Clavus strongly granu-
late in basal two thirds.

Pronotum fuscous, paler near anterior edge; mesonotum lighter fuscous;
frons, clypeus, genae and antennae pale yellow, eyes orange-red, a black spot
bordered white antero-dorsally. Legs testaceous; abdominal tergites and anal
segment fuscous, sometimes green, sternites paler, genitalia testaceous. Tegmina
pale tawny, veins yellow, membrane beyond apical line fuliginous, veins con-
colorous, a dark area in posterior half of tegmen betweem middle and apical
line, traversed by pale veins. This dark area may involve the distal half of the
tegmen, excluding the costal area. The narrow depression marking the nodal

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH:, VOL. 43, NO. 9, DEC., 1941 203

line transparent. Wings smoky, pale basally, veins darker, varying from pale
to completely smoky. Insect in life powdered a pale fawn.

Anal segment of male with a prominent median ventral process, trilobed
at apex, middle lobe longest; deflexed part of segment rather shorter than
horizontal part. Aedeagus with a pair of dorsal spines apically, projecting
anteriorly for two thirds length of aedeagus, ventrally a pair of thin spines,
as long as aedeagus, curving downwards, then sweeping upwards and backwards;
genital styles with dorsal border excavated before apex; apical process short,
blunt, slightly recurved at tip.

Anal segment of female short, bluntly rounded; genital styles small, rounded,
devoid of tooth-like processes. Egg approximately rectangular, pointed at
one end, operculate.

Redescribed from 4 males and 3 females collected by Mr.
F. A. Squire on pigeon pea and mango (May 12 and 13, 1937)
and by the writer on pigeon pea (Mar 31, 1941) at Kingstown,
St. Vincent, B. W. I. Topotype material. in U. S. National
Museum, Washington. Ditters from O. grenadensis in having
no dark basal area on tegmen, and in the length of the dorsal
spines on the aedeagus.

Ormenis grenadensis, n. sp.

Male.—Length, 5.6mm.;tegmen,6.2mm. Female. Length, 5.6mm.;tegmen,
6.6 mm. Frons broader than long (1.2 to 1), median carina distinct on basal
two thirds, absent from apical third, lateral carinae absent, or only indicated at
base, lateral margins carinate; no carinae on clypeus; vertex very short. Width
of head (with eyes) scarcely equal to width of thorax. Pronotum with a slight
depression anteriorly on each side of middle line; mesonotum without carinae,
or only an indication of median and lateral carinae basally. Hind tibia with
two spines before apex. Costal area of tegmen slightly granulate, Sc strong,
simple to apex, Sc, R and M arising from a common stem, R forking half way
along tegmen, M forking markedly basad of R fork, and Cu forking slightly
basad of M fork. Base of R and M granulate. Nodal line feebly marked by
irregular cross-veins and a depression across tegmen from node to apex of
clavus; apical line even and distinct; clavus granulate over basal two thirds.

Pronotum light fuscous, mesonotum light fuscous in middle, orange or
testaceous laterad of this, dark fuscous still further laterad. Frons, clypeus,
and genae very pale yellow, sometimes very slightly smoky, antennae light
fuscous, eyes with a black spot, edged with white, on antero-dorsal margin,
Femora pale yellow, tibiae and tarsi pale testaceous. Abdomen in life generally
orange, tergites light fuscous, sternites paler, genitalia fuscous. Tegmina
tawny, a dark fuscous area basally, and a smoky area distad of nodal line;
veins entering dark area pale as far as nodal line, then concolorous. Wings
smoky, veins dark. Insect in life powdered a pale fawn.

Anal segment of male with strong ventral median process, almost trilobed
on ventral margin; apical part of segment strongly deflexed, shorter than
horizontal part. Aedeagus with a pair of spinose processes dorsally, one
quarter length of aedeagus, ventrally two slender processes curving anteriorly,

204 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 9, DEC., 1941

then sweeping posteriorly to tip of dorsal processes; genital styles with dorsal
margin excavated before apex; apical process a flattened plate bluntly curved
at tip.

Anal segment of female short, bluntly rounded; genital styles small, oval,
devoid of tooth-like processes on apical margin. Egg approximately rectangular,
pointed at one end, operculate.

Described from 6 males and 5 females collected at Grand
Anse, Grenada, B. W. I., by the writer (Mar. 31, 1941) on
Coccoloba uvifera. The pattern of the tegmen and the short
dorsal spines on the aedeagus distinguish this species from others
of the contaminata group. Type material in U. S. National
Museum, Washington.

Ormenis fuliginosa, n. sp.

Male.—Length, 6.7 mm.; tegmen,9.2mm. Female. Length, 7.2mm.;tegmen,
10.0 mm. Frons broader than long (1.5 to 1) evenly rounded laterally and
ventrally, median carina distinct only on basal third, absent from apical two
thirds, lateral carinae absent, lateral margins carinate; no carinae on clypeus;
vertex very short. Width of head (with eyes) equal to width of thorax. Pro-
notum smooth, with a minute depression anteriorly on each side of middle line;
mesonotum without carinae, or median carina slightly indicated apically.
Hind tibia with two spines before apex. Costal area slightly granulate, Sc
strong, simple to apex, R arising from M near its base, forking about one
third from base of tegmen, M forking about level with R fork, Cu forking
basad of R fork. Base of R and M slightly granulate. Nodal line distinctly
marked with a regular series of cross-veins, produced distally in anterior half,
parallel to apical margin in middle, and curving distally before end near apex
of clavus; apical line fairly even and distinct; clavus strongly granulate.

Pronotum and mesonotum black or very dark brown, frons dark reddish-brown
or fuscous, lateral margins and median carina testaceous, clypeus fuscous
laterally, testaceous medially, genae and antennae fuscous or testaceous, eyes
’ dark red; legs pale testaceous or brown; abdomen and genitalia fuscous, some-
times paler. Tegmina wholly smoky brown or black with costal area dark.
Wings more or less smoky, veins darker. Insect in life powdered blue.

Anal segment of male with no median ventral process; apical part of segment
only slightly deflexed; aedeagus long and only slightly curved, ventrally a pair
of short spines, one sixth length of aedeagus, arising near these a pair of long,
narrow spinose processes, almost as long as aedeagus; genital styles broad,
expanding apically, with dorsal margin entire; apical process somewhat spatu-
late, twisted inwards, hairy at tip.

Anal segment of female short, bluntly rounded; genital styles broad, thick
with tooth-like processes on apical margin. Egg ovoid, smooth.

’

Described from 3 males and 6 females collected in Trinidad,
B. W. L., as follows: 2 males and 3 females on cacao at Nonpareil
Estate (H. A. Ballou, Jan. 6, 1925), 3 females from St. Augustine

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 9, DEC., 1941 205

(R. G. Fennah, Apr. 20, 1934) and one male reared from anymph
collected on cacao at Brasso (E. McCallan Sept. 20, 1939).
This species is distinguished by the smoky costal area and the
processes of the aedeagus from other dark species. Type in
U. S. N. M., Washington.

Ormenis nigrospersa, n. sp.

Male.—Length, 8.0 mm.; tegmen, 10.4mm. Female. Length, 8.1 mm.; teg-
men, 11.2 mm. Frons broader than long (1.5 to 1), median carina distinct on basal
half, absent from apical half, lateral carinae absent, lateral margins carinate;
no carinae on clypeus; vertex very short. Width of head (with eyes) equal to
width of thorax. Pronotum with a slight depression anteriorly on each side of
middle line; mesonotum without carinae, or only an indication of median carina
apically and of lateral carinae basally. Hind tibia with two spines before apex.
Costal area broad, slightly granulate; Sc strong, simple to apex, Sc, R and M
arising from a common stem, R forking just basad of middle of tegmen, M
forking basad of R fork, Cu forking basad of former two. Base of R and M
granulate. Nodal line well defined by cross-veins, subparallel to apical margin
of tegmen, apical line irregular but well marked. Apical margin of tegmen
produced into a lobe at junction with hind margin. Clavus granulate.

Pronotum yellow, dark medially, about thirteen dark spots on each side;
mesonotum yellow, marbled fuscous in four broad longitudinal bands, scutellum
fuscous; vertex yellow with a median fuscous spot and a pair of short dark lines,
sloping outwards, near each side; frons, clypeus, and genae very pale yellow,
basal joint of antennae pale yellow, a dark spot dorsally, eyes grey. Legs very
pale yellow, tarsi testaceous. Abdomen and genitalia white or pale yellow.
Tegmina brownish-yellow, transparent distad of nodal line; costal area with
about fifteen dark spots occurring singly or in pairs; Sc with fout dark spots
near base; a dark spot overlying R fork, and a spot basad of it; a broad dark
area, somewhat mottled, from node to middle of tegmen, basad of nodal line,
then past apex of clavus to posterior apical lobe of tegmen; apical line with dark
spots, junctions of veins distad of it spotted, apical margin narrowly edged
with fuscous. Wings light fuscous or transparent, veins concolorous. Insect
in life uniformly powdered a pale greyish brown.

Anal segment of male long, devoid of a median ventral process; apical part
of segment only slightly deflexed; aedeagus tubular with a pair of bifurcate
ventral processes arising near apex, and curving anteriorly; length of outer
branch of each process three-quarters length of aedeagus, that of inner branch
shorter; genital styles with dorsal margin straight, apical process a spine,
slightly curving anteriorly.

Anal segment of female short, flattened dorso-ventrally, and bluntly rounded;
genital styles broad and thick, bordered with tooth-like processes on apical
margin. Egg ovoid.

Described from 5 males and 10 females collected at St. Augus-
tine, Trinidad, B. W. I., by the writer (Apr. 4, 1941) on cacao,

206 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 438, NO. 9, DEC., 1941

Bromelia pinguin and various shrubs. Type material in the
United States National Museum, Washington.

Ormenis rufa, n. sp.

Male.—Length, 9.6 mm.; tegmen, 13.6 mm. Female. Length, 11.0 mm.;
tegmen 14.0 mm. Frons broader (1.4 to 1), median carina only moderately
distinct on basal half, absent from apical half, lateral carinae absent or only
indicated at base, lateral margins carinate; no carinae on clypeus; vertex very
short. Head (with eyes) about as wide as thorax; pronotum smooth; mesonotum
without carinae, or median carina indicated in apical third, and lateral carinae
basally. Hind tibia with two spines before apex; costal area broad, slightly
granulate, Sc strong, simple to apex, Sc, R and M arising from common stem,
R forking rather less than one third from base of tegmen, M forking slightly
basad of R fork, Cu forking slightly basad of latter. Base of R and M granulate.
Nodal line clearly defined by cross-veins, deeply incurved about middle towards
base of tegmen; apical line even, subparallel to apical margin. Clavus strongly
granulate.

Pronotum and mesonotum tawny; frons, clypeus, and genae pale yellowish
brown, basal joint of antennae slightly darker, eyes dark purple; legs very pale
stramineous, tarsi pale testaceous; abdomen wholly white, genitalia white
edged with black. Tegmina yellowish brown, costal area orange brown, area
distad of nodal line rufous, apical line pale, a rufous line passing backwards
and outwards from a point almost two thirds along costa, a second rufous line
from middle of basal half of tegmen to apex of clavus. Wings pale orange
broadly edged with orange-red. A pale form of the insect is devoid of markings,
being wholly pale stramineous. Insect in life powdered uniformly a pale
orange-brown.

Anal segment of male devoid of median ventral process; deflexed apical part
of segment about equal in length to basal horizontal part; aedeagus with a pair
of saw-edged processes arising apically and projecting anteriorly for rather less
than half the length of aedeagus, and lying on its dorsal surface; a round knob
close to apex on each side ventrally; on each side two narrow strap-like processes,
arising together, the longer almost as long as the aedeagus, the shorter scarcely
two thirds of the former; genital styles with dorsal margin straight, apical
process a vertical peg, with tip slightly curved anteriorly.

Anal segment of female long, narrow and flattened dorso-ventrally; genital
styles thick, expanding apically, bordered by black tooth-like processes on
apical margin. Egg drop-shaped, with a large striated flange.

Described from 2 males and 4 females collected at St. Augus-
tine, Trinidad, B. W. I., by H. A. Ballou (Jan 5, 1927) aac by
the writer (Apr. 4, 1941) feeding on cacao. This species is well
distinguished by its large size, the pattern of the tegmina and
the male genitalia. Type material in the U.S. N. M., Washing-
ton.

ORO oie
SAN Oe MY

SS
y

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 9, DEC., 1941 209

Ormenis unimaculata, n. sp.

Male.—Length, 4.8 mm.; tegmen, 6.2 mm. Female. Length, 4.6 mm.; tegmen,
6.8 mm. Frons broader than long (1.2 to 1 ), median carina distinct on basal half,
sometimes only indicated, absent from apical half, lateral carinae absent,
lateral margins carinate; no carinae on clypeus; vertex very short. Pronotum
with a minute depression anteriorly on each side of middle line. Head (with
eyes) about as wide as thorax; mesonotum without carinae. Hind tibia with
two spines before apex. Costal area granulate, Sc strong, simple to apex,
R and M arising together, R forking about one third from base of tegmen, M
forking markedly basad of R fork, Cu level with M fork or further basad.
Base of R and M granulate. Nodal line arcuate, distinctly indicated by cross-
veins; apical line fairly even and distinct. Clavus strongly granulate.

Pronotum and mesonotum greenish white or greenish yellow, frons pale
green or yellow, shading into pale yellow or orange, clypeus pale; genae and
antennae pale yellow or green, latter orange distally. Legs pale green or
stramineous, tarsi testaceous. Abdomen green or pale yellow, sometimes pale
orange dorsally, genitalia pale green or yellow. Tegmina green, sometimes
white, narrowly margined with orange, a series of dark spots between veins on
apical margin, a conspicuous dark spot at apex of clavus. Wings milky. Insect
in life powdered white or greenish white.

Anal segment of male with lateral margin produced ventrally into a point
basad of apex; aedeagus devoid of processes, except blunt knobs apically;
genital styles with dorsal margin entire, apical process spinose, somewhat
curved.

Anal segment of female short, bluntly rounded; genital styles broad and thick,
bordered with tooth-like processes on apical margin.

Described from 4 males and 2 females collected by Dr. E.
McCallan, of the Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture,
Trinidad, at Brasso, Trinidad, B. W.I.,on various dates between
Oct. 5, 1939, and Oct. 25, 1940, feeding on cacao. Type material
in the U. S. National Museum, Washington.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.

Plate 20.

Fig. 1, 2, O. marginata lateral view o and Q genitalia, with egg.

Fig. 3, 4, O. albicostalis \ateral view & and 9 genitalia, with egg.
Fig. 5, 6, O. septempunctata lateral view o& and Q genitalia, with egg.
Fig. 7, 8, O. palicoureae lateral view & and Q genitalia, with egg.
Fig. 9, 10, O. silvestris lateral view & and @ genitalia, with egg.

Fig. 11, 12, O. sanctaliciensis lateral view & and Q genitalia, with egg.
Fig. 13, 14, O. plumbea lateral view @ and @ genitalia, with egg.

Fig. 15, 16. O. fortunata \ateral view & and Q genitalia, with egg.

Plate 21.
g. 17, 18, O. barbadensis lateral view & and @ genitalia.
g. 19, 20, O. contaminata lateral view & and Q genitalia.

F;
F;

210 pRoc. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 9, DEC., 1941

Fig. 21, 22, O. grenadensis lateral view o& and Q genitalia, with egg.
Fig. 23, 24, O. fuliginosa lateral view o and Q genitalia, with egg.
Fig. 25, 26, O. rufa lateral view co and @ genitalia, with egg.

Fig. 27, 28, O. unimaculata \ateral view & and @ genitalia.

Fig. 29, 30. O. nigrospersa lateral view & and @ gentalia, with egg.

FIRST-INSTAR LARVAE OF BUPRESTIS RUSTICORUM (KBY.)
AND SCHIZOPUS SALLEI HORN, WITH NOTES ON THE
CLASSIFICATION OF SCHIZOPUS.

By Bryant E. REEs,
Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. S. Department of Agriculture.

This paper has a fourfold purpose: (1) To give illustrated,
full descriptions of the first-instar larvae of Buprestis rusticorum
(Kby.), family Buprestidae, and Schizopus sallei Horn, placed
in the Buprestidae by many authorities; (2) to call attention to
the fact that the first-instar larvae of at least two species of the
genus Buprestis (rusticorum and aurulenta L.) possess develop-
ments of the tenth abdominal segments similar to those found
on the larvae of Agrilus and Eupristocerus; (3) to demonstrate
that at least one species (Schizopus sallei) of the order Cole-
optera has well developed abdominal prolegs on segments other
than the tenth during the first instar; and (4) to call attention
to certain characters of the first-instar larva ofSchizopus sallei
that appear to justify the recognition of the family Schizo-
podidae proposed by Le Conte.'

The descriptions and drawings of the first-instar larva of
Buprestis rusticorum were made from five well preserved speci-
mens received from R. L. Furniss, Division of Forest Insect
Investigations, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine,
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Portland, Oreg., who also sent
eight first-instar larvae of B. aurulenta, while those of Schizopus
sallei were made from seven equally well preserved specimens
received from Mont A. Cazier, American Museum of Natural
History, New York, N. Y. Mr. Cazier reared these specimens
from eggs deposited by adults collected by him in the field,
identified, and placed in a rearing box, where the eggs were laid.

BUPRESTIS RUSTICORUM (KIRBY).

First-Instar Larva.
Plate 22.

(U.S. National Museum; one vial and three slides marked: “On Pseudotsuga
taxifolia, Le Grande, Wash., July-Sept. 1940, R. L. Furniss, Hopk. U. S. 33-
1 SDAR

1Le Conte, J. L. 2 Thomson, Arcana Naturae, p. 122, 1859.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 9, DEC., 1941 211

GENERAL ASPECTS.

About 3 mm. in length and slightly more than 0.5 mm. in greatest width;
prothorax, mesothorax, and metathorax with length ratios of approximately
2, 1, 1.5 and width ratios of about 1.33, 1.07, and 1; respectively; yellowish
white, with mouthparts, head thickenings, posterior prolongations, and pro-
thoracic markings light brown. Body club-shaped, sides converging slightly
from prothorax to first abdominal segments, parallel from first to sixth abdom-
inal segment, slightly diverging from sixth to eighth, abruptly converging from
eighth to tenth segment, eighth segment about as wide as metathorax; head
deeply retracted into prothorax; prothorax transverse-orbiculate, longer and
broader than mesothorax or metathorax; dorsal sclerite of prothorax with
inverted V-shaped thickening, ventral sclerite with inverted T-shaped thick-
ening; mesothorax and metathorax subrectangular, with mesothorax a little
over half as long as metathorax. Body segments, except tenth abdominal,
laterally with numerous long, fine, capitate setae. Tenth abdominal segment
terminating in a pair of light-brown, heavily sclerotized, rigid, tridentate
prolongations. Spiracles lateral in mesothorax and first to eighth abdominal
segments, moderate in size, cribriform; mesothoracic spiracle approximately
twice as large as abdominal spiracles.

ANATOMICAL DETAILs.

Head (Figs. 1 and 4) somewhat less than 0.5 mm. in greatest width, cordate,
generally weakly sclerotized but strengthened by endocarinae; light in color,
with mouthparts and mouth frame heavily sclerotized and brownish yellow.
Epicranium laterally emarginate near middle, deeply emarginate posteriorly,
with epicranial halves (EP/) posteriorly divided longitudinally by endocarinae;
a single ocellus on each side posterior to and ventrad of base of antenna. Epi-
cranial suture short, indistinct; frontal sutures sharply defined by two straight,
oblique, lateral endocarinae (Fig. 3, LE) extending and converging posteriorly
from bases of antennae to near apex of posterior emargination. Frons (Fig. 3)
triangular and bisected by a distinct, heavily sclerotized frontal endocarina
(Fig. 3, FE) extending in midline from hind margin of epistoma to posterior
angle of frons. Epistoma (Fig. 3, EP) heavily sclerotized, band shaped, about
five times as wide as long, corners rounded, medianly divided by a longitudinal
endocarina, posterior margin sharply defined. Hypostoma not a complete
bridge, brownish yellow, heavily sclerotized and thickened; area behind mandib-
ular articulation strengthened. Gula (Fig. 4, G) narrow, short, somewhat
triangular and weak, almost membranous.

Cranial setae and sensory pores (Figs. 1 and 4) with the following arrangement:
Three stubby setae immediately on each side of epistomal endocarina; one long
and one short seta at anterior tip of each lateral oblique endocarina; two stubby
setae posteriorly on each lateral endocarinae, one somewhat posterior to the
other; a single long seta postero-laterad of each mandibular articulation; and
a short seta ventrally a little over half way from ocellus to gula. A sensory pore
immediately ventro-posterior to each mandibular articulation and one on
hypostoma near gula.

212 proc. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 9, DEC., 1941

Ocelius (Figs. 1 and 4) one on each side of head posterior to and ventrad of
base of antenna, small, well developed.

Antenna (Fig. 15) in a large oval cavity immediately behind postero-lateral
margin of epistoma, retractile into cavity, moderate in size, two-segmented
and with large membranous base; proximal segment cylindrical, broader than
long, sclerotized, brownish yellow; second segment similar to first but smaller
and cup-shaped through the concavity of distal end. Concavity containing
two minute papillae, a long slender seta, and a clear, sclerotized, conical sensory
papilla; papilla longer than second segment and about one-third as wide.

Clypeus (Fig. 5, CLP) small, transverse, approximately one and one-half
times as wide as long; no setae.

Labrum (Fig. 5, LM) transverse, slightly over twice as wide as long, nearly
as long and wide as clypeus; anterior margin with broad, slightly curving median
lobe, posterior margin weakly concave, corners rounded. Two long, stiff setae
dorsally on each side.

Epipharynx (Fig. 6) membranous; each side with (1) a latero-anterior series
of three elongate-lanceolate setae, the series extending inwardly and slightly
oblique from lateral margin for about one-fourth the width of the epipharynx;
(2) laterad of midline a group of numerous fine setae longitudinally traversing
epipharynx for approximately two-thirds its length, and (3) a single, long
almost parallel-sided, truncate seta arising immediately anterior to innermost
elongate-lanceolate seta; middle of epipharynx without setae. Epipharyngeal
bars long, stocking-shaped, and converging posteriorly. A free uvula-lke
process extending into buccal cavity from extreme posterior margin of epipharynx
and terminating in clasping handlike lobes with sharp, fleshy, intertwining
fingerlike processes.

Mandible (Fig. 2) yellowish brown with distal half piceous; broad, palmate,
with six sharp teeth, inner surface concave; third tooth from ventral surface
largest and longest, with slight rounded elevation on inner ridge; second and
fourth teeth smaller, stout; dorsal margin with a single small tooth; inner area
of dorsal surface sharply depressed forming an incomplete arch about mandib-
ular fossa; condyle with depression on outer surface; molar area heavily sclero-
tized, not elevated. One long and one short seta on outer surface near fossa;
one long seta near base between fossa and condyle.

Maxilla (Figs. 7 and 8) well developed, proximally with a large subtrapeziform
membranous area. Ventral surface of maxilla with brownish-yellow sclerites;
cardo a small, weak, oblong sclerite bearing two short setae and a sensory pore;
stipes subrectangular, broader than long, inner surface near anterior border
with a single long seta, laterally along anterior margin with three minute setae.
Maxillary palpus short; first segment subrectangular and with a long antero-
lateral seta; second segment conical, longer than broad, terminally with rounded
membranous area bearing several small sensory papillae. Mala with sclerotized
area as broad as long; terminal membranous area rounded, bearing several stout
setae and a single peglikeseta. Dorsalor buccal surface of maxilla (Fig. 8) mem-
branous and with (1) six stout lanceolate setae grouped at apex of angle formed
by mala and palpus, and (2) a series of eight similar setae extending posteriorly
and laterally along inner margin from terminal membranous area of mala to
posterior margin of stipes.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 9, DEC., 1941 213

Labium (Fig. 7) membranous, no distinction between prementum, mentum,
and submentum; premental area with a single long seta on each side. Labial
palpi (Fig. 7, LP) vestigial, faintly indicated laterally near premental setae.
Ligula large, conical, deeply bilobed.

Hypopharynx (Fig. 8) membranous, antero-lateral margins with minute fine
setae, laterally on each side with numerous fine setae, median area without
setae but with a longitudinal depression through the length of which passes a
shallow cleft. Hypopharyngeal rods strongly divergent postero-laterally from
postero-lateral angles of hypopharynx. F

Prothorax (Figs. 9 and 12) transverse-orbiculate, depressed, distinctly longer
and broader than either mesothorax or metathorax; laterally on each side with
(1) a series of normal setae at antero-lateral angle, (2) a small group of long,
fine, capitate setae and a single short normal seta near middle of lateral
margin, and (3) a larger number of capitate setae posterior to second group.
Dorsal and ventral sclerites present, broadly oval, almost circular, coriaceous,
densely covered with asperities; areas outside sclerites with small conical
granulae. Dorsal sclerite (Fig. 10) with smooth, light-brown, inverted V-shaped
thickening the apex of which almost reaches the anterior margin of sclerite,
posterior tips of V not reaching posterior margin; sclerite asperate except for
small bare areas at posterior tips of V; each side of sclerite with approximately
fifteen small, pale, normal setae generally distributed among the asperities.
Ventral sclerite (Fig. 11) with inverted T-shaped thickening, the stem of T not
reaching anterior margin of sclerite, the transverse bar lying along and forming
posterior margin; sclerite densely asperate but with a small bare area at anterior
tip of median stem of T and two smooth areas on each side, one large, circular,
centrally located, the other transversely oblong at postero-lateral margin; each
side with approximately seven normal setae, four at anterior margin of central
smooth area and three lateral among asperities.

Mesothorax and metathorax (Figs. 9 and 12) subrectangular, mesothorax
slightly wider than metathorax and a little more than one-half as long; both
segments with dorsal and ventral asperate areas; a group of long, fine, capitate
setae on each lateral margin; dorsally each segment faintly divided transversely
into scuto-scutellar and postscutellar areas and bearing a pair of small normal
setae on each side laterad of asperate areas; ventrally each segment similarly
divided into anterior and posterior areas and bearing a pair of normal setae on
each side within the asperate areas.

Abdominal segments I to 8 (Figs. 9 and 12) subrectangular, approximately of
equal length; each segment similarly divided as mesothoracic and metathoracic
segments; laterally with a group of long, fine, capitate setae, dorsally on each
side with a pair of small normal setae antero-laterad of asperate area and
dorsad of spiracle, ventrally a single seta on each side within ventral asperate
area. Eighth segment widest of abdominal segments and nearly as wide as
metathorax. Spiracles lateral near anterior margin of each segment.

Ninth abdominal segment (Figs. 9 and 12) shorter and narrower than abdominal
segments | to 8; setal arrangement similar to that of other segments except
that there are more capitate setae; dorsal surface with a single normal seta on
each side.

214 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 9, DEC., 1941

Tenth abdominal segment (Figs. 13, 14, and 16) longer than wide; posteriorly
terminating in a pair of light-brown, heavily sclerotized, rigid, tridentate
prolongations; median process of prolongation longest and truncate, dorsal
process short and fairly sharp, ventral process very short and blunt; segment
dorsally on each side with a short normal seta near lateral margin. Anus a
longitudinal slit in a spindle-shaped membranous area situated in ventral
concavity between bases of prolongations; walls and floor of concavity weakly
sclerotized. A single short seta posteriorly on each side of anal opening.

Spiracles (Fig. 9) moderate in size, cribriform with spindle-shaped openings
in the respiratory plates. Mesothoracic spiracle kidney-shaped, large, about
twice as large as the abdominal spiracles; respiratory plate elongate and arched
posteriorly around bulla; bulla less than one-half as large as respiratory plate.
Abdominal spiracles approximately of equal size; respiratory plates and bullae
subcircular, bullae approximately one-half as large as plates.

Schizopus sallei Horn.

First-Instar Larva.
(Plate 23)

(U. S. National Museum; one vial and five slides marked: “Ist. Instar larvae
Mariposa, Calif., VIII-23-1940, Mont Cazier.’’)

GENERAL ASPECTS.

About 4.5 mm. in length and slightly less than 1 mm. in greatest width;
prothorax, mesothorax, and metathorax with length ratios of approximately
1.33, 1, and 1 and width ratios of about 1.16, 1.12, and 1, respectively; yellowish
white with ocellar areas and distal portions of mandibles dark. Body cylindrical;
sides nearly parallel, converging slightly from mesothorax to eighth abdominal
segment, after which angle of convergence 1s more acute; head deeply retracted
into prothorax; integument papillose; prothorax with a large, weakly sclerotized
tergite and a weaker smaller sternite; mesothorax and metathorax without
sclerites. Thoracic segments legless; abdominal segments 1 to 8 each with a
pair of well developed prolegs terminating in hoof-shaped structures; meso-
thoracic, metathoracic, and abdominal segments | to 7 each with a pair of
ventral glands, each gland with a protracted duct. Body segments, except
abdominal 9 and 10, with four folds; ninth segment with two folds, tenth entire;
pleural and hypopleural lobes poorly defined, present on all segments except
tenth. Number and arrangement of setae as illustrated (Figs. 8, 10, 13, and
14); setae normal on prothorax, oblanceolate on other segments except for a
minute normal seta directly above each spiracle, one on each side of presternum
of mesothorax ond one on each side of ventral glands of abdominal segments.
Spiracles moderate and equal in size, biforous, lateral, in mesothoracic and
abdominal segments | to 8. Anal opening a subterminal transverse slit in the
tenth segment.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 9, DEC., 1941 215

ANATOMICAL DETAILS.

Head (Figs. 1 and 4) slightly more than 0.5 mm. in greatest width, broadly
ovate, generally weakly sclerotized but strengthened by endocarinae; glabrous
except for a few sensory pores, light in color, darker along epistoma and antennal
rings, ocellar areas dark. Epicranium posteriorly rounded and with a small
elevation posteriorly on each side of the epicranial suture near occipital foramen,
epicranial halves (Fig. 1, EPJ) strengthened and incompletely divided longi-
tudinally by weak endocarinae; three well developed unequal ocelli on each side
posterior to and slightly dorsad of base of antenna. Epicranial suture well
defined, extending slightly less than one-half the distance from occipital foramen
to anterior margin of epistoma; frontal sutures poorly defined, gradually
diverging from epicranial suture to approximately three-fourths the distance to
anterior margin of epistoma, where they abruptly spread at a 180-degree angle,
extend laterally, then anteriorly, ending mesad of ocellar areas. Frons T-shaped,
the stem posteriorly acutely angulate, bisected by a weak frontal endocarina
extending anteriorly to the inverted U-shaped superior retractile muscle
attachment, the arms of which spread posteriorly and extend to frontal sutures.
Epistoma between dorsal mandibular condyles heavily sclerotized, band-
shaped, about eight times as wide as long, narrow at the midline, expanded
laterally, posterior margin clearly marked. Hypostoma a complete bridge,
heavily sclerotized and thickened, area behind mandibular articulation strength-
ened. Gula lacking, gular suture very faint. Occipital foramen large, one-
fourth longer than wide.

Cranial setae and sensory pores (Figs. 1, 4, and 11) few in number and in the
following arrangement: Two short setae and a sensory pore on each side of
midline at anterior margin of epistoma, a single long seta immediately latero-
dorsad of each mandibular condyle, four sensory pores dorsad of each ocellar
area and within lateral arms of frons. Each epicranial half (Fig. 1, EP/) with
ten sensory pores; two pores within dark ocellar area, one posterior to dorsal
ocellus, one posterior to ventral ocellus; two pores ventrad of ocellar area; two
within the meso-anterior angle formed by frontal suture; three in a longitudinal
line laterad of junction of frontal and epicranial sutures; and one near the
posterior margin of epicranial half.

Ocelli (Figs. 1 and 11) well developed, middle one about one-half as large as
other two which are approximately equal to each other.

Antenna (Fig. 12) in a deep circular cavity ventrad of dorsal mandibular
condyle and between ocelli and base of mandible, retractile into cavity; short,
two-segmented, with membranous base. Similar to that of Buprestis rusticorum,
differing only in having minute papillae of second segment slightly larger.

Clypeus (Fig. 5, CLP) transverse, approximately four times as wide as long;
no setae.

Labrum (Fig. 5, LM) transverse, about three times as wide as long, medianly
about as long as clypeus and approximately two-thirds as wide, anteriorly
truncate, posterior margin nearly straight and clearly defined, corners rounded;
two long, stiff setae dorsally on each side.

Epipharynx (Fig. 6) membranous; each side with (1) a latero-anterior series
of nine strong, elongate-lanceolate setae arranged in a shallow curving arch

216 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 9, DEC., 1941

extending inwardly from lateral margin, (2) a more median group of many fine
setae traversing epipharynx for nearly its entire length, and (3) numerous fine
setae along anterior margin; middle of epipharynx without setae along anterior
margin; middle of epipharynx without setae. Epipharyngeal rods approximately
as long as clypeus, gradually converging posteriorly.

Mandible (Fig. 2) brownish yellow with distal half piceous; stout, broad,
palmate, tridentate, inner surface concave; ventral tooth longest, sharp, with
a strong, sharp ridge longitudinally traversing mandible for a little over one-half
its length; median tooth small, rounded, with a longitudinal ridge traversing
and almost bisecting the concavity, ridge with a rounded elevation; dorsal
tooth more acute, broad, flattened, with a weak carina; small accessory tooth
on dorsal margin near base of dorsal tooth; no molar. Two small setae on
exterior surface near base.

Maxilla (Figs. 7 and 9) well developed and of normal size, proximally with
a large, subtrapeziform, membranous area, ventral surface with two long setae,
one disto-medial, one lateral, inner dorsal surface with a weak subrectangular
sclerite. Cardo a weak figure-8-shaped sclerite; stipes brownish yellow,
sclerotized, retractile into proximal membranous area, anterior third free,
ventral surface with sensory pore near middle, dorsal surface glabrous; ventral
surface of intersegmental membrane distad of stipes with a single seta and a
small rectangular pore, dorsal surface with five to six equal setae. Mala brown-
ish yellow, cylindrical, about as long as first segment of palpus and one-half as
wide, well sclerotized on ventral surface, lightly sclerotized on dorsal surface;
distal membranous area of mala rounded and bearing three normal setae and
four peglike setae. Palpus brownish yellow, two-segmented, and about as long
as stipes; first segment sclerotized, cylindrical, about twice as wide as long,
small pore ventrally near distal margin; intersegmental membrane bearing a
short seta laterally; second segment sclerotized, subconical, slightly longer than
wide, with a light membranous terminal area bearing several sensory papillae;
accessory process not free.

Labium (Figs. 7 and 9) membranous, no distinction between prementum,
mentum, and submentum; submental area with two long setae near each of
which are two pores, premental area with two long setae. Labial palpi (Fig.
7, LP) lacking unless represented by small, weak, indistinct sclerites near
premental setae. Ligula large, membranous, weakly bilobed, anterior margin
with numerous fine setae.

Hypopharynx (Fig. 9) membranous, lateral and anterior margins densely
setiferous, medial area longitudinally depressed and without setae. Hypo-
pharyngeal rods extending and diverging posteriorly from latero-posterior angles.

Prothorax (Figs. 8, 10, and 13) cylindrical, subrectangular, rounded anter-
iorly, slightly longer and broader than either the mesothorax or the metathorax;
with a large, weakly sclerotized tergite and a weaker smaller sternite; laterally
and ventrally with several lobes. Setae normal and arranged as illustrated.
No legs or ventral glands present.

Mesothorax and metathorax (Figs. 8, 10, and 13) cylindrical, subrectangular,
dorsally with four folds, equal in length, subequal in width; each segment
with a pair of ventral glands (Figs. 3 and 10, YG), each gland with a protracted
duct; legs indicated as small nonfunctional lobes, one on each side of the ventral

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 9, DEC., 1941 217

glands. Mesothorax with triangular membranous presternum. Laterally on
each side of presternum a normal seta, the remaining segmental setae oblan-
ceolate; setae on metathorax all oblanceolate.

Abdominal segments one to eight (Figs. 8, 10, 13, and 14) subrectangular;
dorsally with four folds (Figs. 8, 13, and 14) with length ratios of about 2.5, 1,
1, and 1, ventrally each segment with a pair of well developed prolegs (Figs. 3
and 10, PZ) and a pair of ventral glands (YG), basally coalesced, each gland
with a protracted duct. Setae oblanceolate with exception of a minute normal
seta on each side of ventral glands and one immediately above each spiracle;
arrangement of oblanceolate setae as illustrated.

Ninth and tenth abdominal segments (Figs. 8, 10, and 13) shorter and narrower
than those of rest of body; ninth with two dorsal folds, tenth entire. Anal
opening a subterminal transverse slit in tenth segment.

Proleg (Figs. 3 and 10, PZ) well developed, long, fleshy, terminating in a
hoof-shaped structure to which internally are attached four long, slender
muscles (Fig. 3) having their origins dorsally within the corresponding segment;
integument papillose proximally and for greater part of length, distally with a
smooth, rigid area just before hoof-shaped termination; proximal anterior
surface with two oblanceolate setae. ;

Spiracles (Fig. 13) moderate in size, biforous, openings oval, converging and
meeting anteriorly to produce a subcordate appearance, edges thickened;
openings completely encircled by weak, brownish-yellow peritreme; spiracle,
including peritreme, somewhat pear-shaped.

Discussions.

Tenth Abdominal Segment.

It has been stated and generally accepted that among the
Buprestidae the genera Agri/us and Eupristocerus bear on the
tenth abdominal segment a pair of strong, heavily sclerotized,
toothed prolongations and that these are “absolutely distinct
from any structure possessed by any other member of the
family.”* In view of our present knowledge of the buprestid
larvae, this may be true for the later instars, but this belief
breaks down upon a study of the first-instar larva of the genus
Buprestis. In this genus, although the structure disappears in
the Jater instars, the first-instar larvae of at least two species,
rusticorum and aurulenta, possess on the tenth abdominal seg-
ments structures similar to those found in Agri/us and Eupris-
tocerus, differing only by minor modifications. Consequently
it is necessary to reject the belief that this structure is peculiar
only to Agrilus and Eupristocerus, and it is to be expected that
comparable structures will be found on early or first-instar
larvae of other species and probably genera.

2Burke, H. E. “Flat-headed Borers Affecting Forest Trees in the United
States.” U.S. Dept. Agr. Bul. 437, January 16, 1917.

218 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 9, DEC., 1941

Prolegs and Ventral Glands of Schizopus sallet.

The first-instar larva of Schizopus sallei is unique among
known coleopterous larvae by the possession of eight pairs of
long, slender, well developed prolegs on abdominal segments
1 to 8 and nine pairs of ventral glands on the mesothoracic,
metathoracic, and abdominal segments | to 7.. The description
of the prolegs shows that they agree with the accepted con-
ception of prolegs as found on lepidopterous and certain sawfly
larvae, but in this case they are much longer in proportion to
the body. The fact that they appear on this larva is noteworthy
since to date no equally well developed prolegs have been found
on any other coleopterous larva. There are, however, lobelike
“prolegs” found on abdominal segments | to 8 in certain cole-
opterous larvae such as in the curculionid genus Czonus, but
these are nothing more than pedal or ambulatory lobes and not
prolegs in the sense of the definition as accepted by the lepidop-
terists. The presence of ventral glands, although their function
is unknown, is also worthy of mention since homologous glands
have not been found on other coleopterous larvae. To what
instar these structures persist 1s not known since the larvae
studied did not survive the first instar. Further studies and
collections are necessary to answer this question and to reveal
the presence or absence of prolegs and ventral glands in other
species of Schizopus, or in other species and genera of the tribe
Schizopodin1.’

Notes on the Systematic Position of Schizopus sallei.

At present, according to the generally accepted classification
of Leng and others, Schizopus sallei is placed in the Buprestidae,
tribe Schizopodini; however, some students of the adults of
this family doubt the correctness of this classification, believing
that the genera constituting the tribe Schizopodini make up a
separate and distinct group not belonging with the buprestids.
A study of the first-instar larva of S\. sallei tends to uphold this
contention, and if the larva of sa//ei is a typical representative
of the genus, then Schizopus should not be assigned to the
Buprestidae.

The principal distinguishing character of the buprestid larva
is the occurrence of well developed dorsal and ventral ambula-
tory plates in combination with a distinct labrum. Other distin-
guishing characters are: Spiracles cribriform; head more or less
deeply retracted into the prothorax; body of 13 well defined,
flattened segments; antenna medium-sized and two-segmented;
ocelli usually wanting; labrum rather large, arched and pro-

’This tribal name, usually spelled Schizopini, should be spelled Schizopodini
since the root of -pus is -pod.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 9, DEC., 1941 219

truded; mandibles short, strong, usually toothed and with an
inner concavity; maxillary palpi two-segmented; labial palpi
minute and unsegmented, almost obsolete; true legs wanting.

All the above-listed characters are found in the first-instar
larvae of Buprestis rusticorum, B. aurulenta, and other bupres-
tids but not in Schizopus sallei. The larva of this species agrees
with the buprestid larvae in having che head deeply retracted
into the prothorax, a 13-segmented body, a medium-sized and
two-segmented antenna very similar to that found in the bupres-
tids, strong toothed mandibles with buccal concavities, two-
segmented maxillary palpi, greatly reduced, almost obsolete
labial palpi, and the lack of true legs. In these larval characters
a close relationship to the buprestids is apparent. It differs by
not possessing well developed dorsal and ventral ambulatory
sclerites and by having biforous instead of cribriform spiracles.
These two characters alone exclude it from the Buprestidae.
Furthermore, the shape of the head differs from that found in
buprestid larvae, there are three well developed ocelli on each
side of the head, and the larva has ventral glands and: well
developed prolegs. There are no indications of these structures
on corresponding larvae of Buprestis rusticorum or B. aurulenta,
nor, in agreement with the previous discussion, have these
structures been found on any first-instar buprestid larva.

Whether the characters of the first-instar larva of Schizopus
sallei change in later instars, or what characters may change, is
not known, but it is improbable that the main distinguishing
characters radically change since the characters of the first-instar
larvae of Buprestis rusticorum, B. aurulenta, and other bupres-
tids are not unlike those of older larvae.

As it 1s, the characters possessed by the first-instar larva of
the species under discussion indicate that the species, and
probably its genus, are improperly classified when placed in the
Buprestidae; but these same characters, so unlike those found
in other coleopterous families, both with respect to the charac-
ters themselves or the combinations of them, make it impossible
to place the species in any generally recognized family. There-
fore, although the group 1s closely related to the buprestids, the
facts derived from this study furnish further evidence that the
family Schizopodidae proposed by Le Conte is warranted. In
addition, they suggest that the answers to questions concerning
the systematic positions of the genera constituting the tribe
Schizopodini may be found in the study of the larvae of these
groups.

PLATE 22 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43

FIRST STAGE LARVA OF BUPRESTIS RUSTICORUM CkBY )

[ 220]

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43 PLATE 23

vant

(Sis

FIRST STAGE LARVA OF SCHIZOPUS SALLE/ HORN

[ 221 ]

222 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 9, DEC., 1941

EXPLANATION OF PLiaTE 22.
Buprestis rusticorum (Kby.).

(Drawn by the author.)

Fig. 1. Head, dorsal aspect. EPI, epicranial half.

Fig. 2. Left mandible, dorsal and ventral aspect.

Fig. 3. Frons. EP, epistoma; FE, frontal endocarina; LE, lateral endocarina.
Fig. 4. Head, ventral aspect. G, gula.

Fig. 5. Clypeus, CLP; labrum, LM.

Fig. 6. Epipharynx.

Fig. 7. Maxillae and labium, ventral aspect. LP, labial palpus.
Fig. 8. Maxillae, labium and hypopharynx, dorsal aspect.
Fig. 9. First-stage larva, dorsal aspect.

Fig. 10. Dorsal ambulatory sclerite of prothorax.

Fig. 11. Ventral ambulatory sclerite of prothorax.

Fig. 12. First-stage larva, ventral aspect.

Fig. 13. Tenth abdominal segment, dorsal aspect.

Fig. 14. Tenth abdominal segment, lateral aspect.

Fig. 15. Antenna.

Fig. 16. Tenth abdominal segment, ventral aspect.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 23.
Schizopus sallei Horn.

(Drawn by the author.)

g. 1. Head, dorsal aspect. EPI, epicranial half.
Fig. 2. Left mandible, dorsal and ventral aspect.
3. Proleg, PZ, dissected to show muscles; ventral glands, VG, lateral
aspect.

Fig. 4. Head, ventral aspect.

Fig. 5. Clypeus, CLP; labrum, LM.

Fig. 6. Epipharynx.

Fig. 7. Maxillae and labium, ventral aspect. LP, labial palpus.
Fig. 8. First-stage larva, dorsal aspect.

Fig. 9. Maxillae, labium and hypopharynx, dorsal aspect.

Fig. 10. First-stage larva, ventral aspect. VG, ventral glands; PL, prolegs.
Fig. 11. Ocelli, ocellar area and sensory pores.

Fig. 12. Antenna.

Fig. 13. First-stage larva, lateral aspect.

Fig. 14. Individual abdominal segment.

PROC] ENT. SOC) WASH=,VOL...43,' NO. 9, DEC., 1941) 223

A NEW SPIDER MITE FROM VIRGINIA (ACARINA:
TETRANYCHIDAE).

By E. A. McGrecor,
Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. S. Department of Agriculture.

The description of this new species of Tetranychus is based
upon material which was collected from apple trees, but these
mites also developed readily on several varieties of beans.

Tetranychus schoenei, new species.

Female.—Dorsal body setae fairly conspicuous, not arising from tubercles, 26
in number. Body rather widely oval, broadest across hind margin of cephalo-
thorax, averaging 0.391 mm. in length and 0.235 mm. in width.! One perfect
and one imperfect eye cornea on each side. Mandibular plate relatively broad,
rounded anteriorly, at maturity. “Thumb” of palpus about four-fifths as long
as its greatest thickness; bearing terminally a “finger” with subparallel sides
and sharp terminal point, when viewed laterally; terminal “finger”? nearly two-
thirds as thick as “thumb” at tip; the dorsal sensilla slender and acute-pointed.
Relative lengths of the joints of the foreleg as follows: Coxa, 19; trochanter, 9;
femur, 31; patella, 14; tibia, 19; tarsus, 33. Tip of tarsus (female) bearing a
claw which is bent strongly downward, and is cleft into three pairs of equal,
needlelike spurs. Tarsus of leg I with two duplex setae dorsally, and with four
setae proximad of these. The usual four tenent hairs arising from the onychium,
a pair on each side of the claw base. The collar trachea of the conventional
Tetranychus type, in the shape of a U with one long and one short arm.

Male.—Body smaller and narrower than in female, obpyriform; legs propor-
tionately longer. Penis with inner lobe rodlike; basilar lobe seemingly an obtuse
prominence; shaft about one-half to two-thirds again as long as its basal thick-
ness, bent abruptly upward about 75° from axis of main shaft, expanding
terminally to form the unusually prominent barb whose axial length well exceeds
the length of the hook element and is fully one-half the length of the shaft
proper; posterior portion of barb produced into an acuminate, ventrally-
directed point, resembling the claw of a hammer; anterior portion of barb
produced into a strong, rounded boss; axis of barb nearly parallel to that of
shaft. Tarsal claw of foreleg with distal element relatively straight, the ventral
position (analagous to the deflexed spurs in certain genera) of about equal
thickness at base to that of distal spur and appearing to be 3-pointed terminally.

Type slide—U. S. National Museum No. 1419.

The type material is from Winchester, Va., transferred. to
greenhouse at Blacksburg, Va., collected by W. J. Schoene.

The presenc species is perhaps closest to Tetranychus atlanti-
cus McG. The two species may be distinguished as follows:

1 Average measurements of a series of individuals,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43

PLATE 24

[224 |

PROG. YENT=) SOCs, WASH.» VOLW 43, NOL-9, DEC, 1941. 225

Tetranychus atlanticus, McG.

Palpus of female with terminal sensilla rotundate terminally; dorsal sensilla
unusually thick. Axial length of barb of penis about one-third that of shaft; axis
of barb directed somewhat upward posteriorly. Ventral portion of tarsal claw
of & leg I much thicker than dorsal spur of claw.

Tetranychus schoenei, n. sp.

Palpus of female with terminal sensilla sharply angled terminally; dorsal
sensilla very slender. Axial length of barb of penis fully one-half that of shaft;
axis of barb about parallel to that of shaft. Ventral portion of tarsal claw of
leg I about equal in thickness to that of dorsal spur of claw.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE.
Tetranychus schoent.

Fig. 1. Tarsus of right leg I of female, viewed from outside.

Fig. 2. Tip of tarsus of leg I of male, viewed laterally.

*Fig. 3. Terminal portion of palpus (@), viewed laterally.

Figs. 4 and 5. Lateral view of penis.

(Fig. 4 from material from bean; fig. 5 from material from apple.)

MINUTES OF THE 522D REGULAR MEETING OF THE ENTO-
MOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, NOVEMBER 6, 1941.

The 522d regular meeting of the Society was held at 8 p. m., Nov. 6, 1941, in
Room 43 of the National Museum. Twenty visitors and 52 members attended.
President Ewing called the meeting to order, and Vice-President Cory presided
during the latter part of the program.

The following Nominating Committee was appointed by the President: B. A,
Porter; F. C. Bishopp; J. S. Wade; S. B. Fracker, Chairman.

The regular program was as follows:

1. The winter survival of insects. Lewis P. Ditman, University of Maryland.

Dr. Ditman pointed out that insects which overwinter may do so in one of
three ways, migrate, endure the cold (as the honey bee) or hibernate. The
physiological condition of insects which hibernate was the main subject of
discussion. Methods were discussed for determining the cold hardiness of
insects and results of tests on insects in the active stage (i. e. during the summer)
were compared with those on insects in a state of hibernation. It is quite
apparent from the results that some insects are remarkably well adapted to
withstand cold temperatures, while others succumb at warmer temperatures.
(Secretary’s abstract.)

2. Electron micrographs of insect cuticle and tracheae, with a discussion of
the application of electron microscopy to entomology. A. Glenn Richards, Jr.,
University of Pennsylvania.

Most of the experimental work discussed was done on the cuticular layer of
the pronotum of the cockroach. Sections as thin as one-tenth of a micron were

226 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 9, DEC., 1941

studied. The presence of minute, spiral pore canals in the cuticle was brought
out. Although their occurrence has been known before, it now is possible
actually to see them and to compute their diameters and lengths. The fact
that the cuticle is in layers was emphasized, while the membranous parts seem
more homogeneous. Interesting pictures of tracheae and extremely minute
tracheoles of mosquito larvae were shown. Some of the difficulties in the use
of the electron microscope were discussed. The material to be studied must be
capable of withstanding the conditions of a vacuum and since the stream of
electrons is very strong the substance under study must be capable of with-
standing their effect. (Secretary’s abstract.)

Adjournment at 10.20 p. M.
AsHLEY B. Gurney,
Recording Secretary.

INDEX TO VOLUME 43

Aedes (Howardina) allotecnon, n. sp. 17, A.
quadrivittatus Coq., adult female, 22.

African bee, correction of name, 166.

Anverson, WiLi1AM H., article by, 152.

Annamyia, n. gen., with revision of Aphamar-
tania, synopsis, 131; A. maren, n. sp. 132.

Anopheline mosquitoes of Albania, key, 37.

Aphamartania nana, n. sp., 135; a. digna, n. sp.
137; marga, n. sp., 138.

Baccha, new species of, New World, 181; B.

victoria, n. sp., 181; virginig, n.. sp. 182.

4RBER, Harry G., articles by\ 110.

~ Bates, MARSTON, article by, 37.

Bicxiey, Wriiiam E., article by, 187.

Brake, Doris, article by, 171.

BucHanan, article by, 29.

Buprestis rusticorum (Kby.), first instar larva
of, 210.

Butterflies from Georgia, early records of, 80.

Ceratoneura femorata (Ashmead), new combi-
nation, 1.

Chaetocnema, new West Indian, 171; C. plici-
pennis, n. sp., 176; laticeps, n. sp., 176;
perplexa, n. sp., 177; elachia, n. sp., 178;
apricaria, n. sp., 178.

CHAMBERLIN, Ratpu B., article by, 32.

Chrysopidae, from Tennessee, 187.

Chrysops abata, n. sp., 120; C. aestuans subsp.
abaestuans, nov. 121; aberrans, n. sp., 122;

hirsuticailus, n. sp., 126; pechumani, n. sp.,
128.

Criark, Austin H. & Leta F., article by, 80.

Cocxerett, T. D. A., article by, 166.

Corresponding Secretary, report of, 13

CrawrorD, J. C., articles by, 63; 105; 142; 184.

Curculionidae, synonymical notes on, 29.

Cylindrocopturus furnissi Buchanan, larva and
pupa of, 152.

Dasomus, n. gen., 34; D. bicolor, n. sp., 34.

Dicoetrachelus, n. gen., 171; D. darlingtoni,
n. sp., 172; depilatus, n. sp., 173: brevi-
collis, n. sp., 173.

Diplopods, polydesmid, intercepted at quaran-
tine, 32.

Dominicodesmus expatriatus, n. sp., 33.
Doryctes, new reared species of, 149; D. ambeo-
donti, n. sp., 149; parvus, n. sp., 150.
Kctecephala, genus in N. America, synopsis, 75;

E. sulcata, n. sp., 78.

Entomological Society of Washington, minutes
of 514th regular meeting, 16; 515th meet-
ing, 35; 516th meeting, 89; 517th meeting,
90; 518th meeting, 112; 519th meeting,
144; 520th meeting, 167; 521st meeting,
189; 522nd meeting, 225.

Euphydesmus (Ceylonesmus) vector, n. sub-
gen. and sp., 33,

Eulophidae, Puerto Rican species of, 1.

Ewine, H. E., article by, 69.

Fennag, R. G., article by, 191.

Fleabeetles, tropical American,
beans, synopsis, 65.

Fox, Irvine, article by, 6.

Gauan, A. B., article by, 1.

GREENE, Cnuas. T., article by, 183.

Hemijapyx, n. gen., 69; H. unidentatus, n. sp.,
70.

Hensuaw, SaMvuEL, obituary, 168.

Hoyt, Avery S., Fracxer, STantey B., &
Cotcorp, Maset, article by, 156.

Hutt, Frank M., article by, 181.

Hystop, J. A. & Grar, J. E., article by, 61

Isoneurothrips, new, from New Zealand, 63; I.
obscuratus. n. SD.» 63.

Japygidae, new American genera and species
of, 69.

Japyx turneri, n. sp., 72.

Jones, Tuomas H., obituary, bibliography, 61.

Kum, Henry W. & Komp, W. H. W., article
by, 17.

Listrochelus. new from the United States, 145;
L. luginbilli, n. sp., 145.

McConne tt, H. S., article by, 93.

McGrecor, articles by, 26; 85; 223.

Miojapyx, n. gen., 71; M. americanus, n. sp.,
pe

Mite, new spinning, attacking strawberry, 26;
attacking avocado, Californian, 85; spider,
new from Virginia, 223.

Morrison, Haro tp, article by, 140.

Muesseck, F. F. W., article by, 149.

NeEeEpuHAM, James G., article by, 2.

Ormenis, genus in the Lesser Antilles and Trini-
dad, 191; O. albicostalis, n. sp., 195;
septempunctata, n. sp., 196; sanctalicien-
sis, n. sp., 197; fortunata, n. sp., 198;
plumbea, n. sp., 198; silvestris, n. sp., 199;

sp., 200; barbadensis, n.
sp., 201; grenadensis, n. sp., 203; fuligin-
osa, n. sp., 204; nigrospersa, n. sp., 205;
rufa, n. sp., 206; unimaculata, n. sp., 209;

Orthomorpha hodites, n. sp., 33.

Pangoniinae, nearctic, notes on, 113.

Parasimulium furcatum Malloch, restudy of,
146.

Paratetranychus coiti, n. sp., 85.

Puiuip, Cornetius B., article by, 113.

Pritcuarpb, A. Eart, article by, 131.

Primrose willow, insects from seed pods of, 2.

Pseudacteon, remarkable new species of, 183.

injurious to

palacoureae, n.

227

228 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH.,

Pseudantonina arundinariae, n. sp., 93.

Pseudoepitrix hispaniolae, n. sp., 174; P.
jamaicensis, n. sp., 175.

Pseudococcidae, new species of, 93.

Pseudococcus diodium, n. sp., 96.

Rees, Bryant, article by, 210.

SaBRosky, article by, 75.

Saytor, LAWRENCE W., article by, 145.

Schizopus sallei Horn, first stage larva of, 210.

Siphonapteran thorax, the, 6.

Smicronyx utilis, n. sp., 29.

Steatococcus, new from Mexico, 140; S. tuber-
culatus, n. sp., 140.

Stone, Aan, article by, 146.

Stonemyia abaureus, n. sp., 114.

VOL. 43, NO. 9, DEC., 1941

Srronc, Ler Apram, death notice, resolution,
113; obituary with bibliography, 156.
Taeniothrips from Michigan, 142; T. walteri,
n. sp., 142; new from Panama, 184; T.
aberrans, n. sp., 184.

Tetranychus atlanticus, n. sp., 26; T. schoenei,
Taspe22oe

Tibraca, new on rice in Equador, 110; T. simil-
lima, n. sp., 110.

Treasurer, report of for 1940, 12.

Trionymus caricis, n. sp., 97; T. clandestinis,
n. sp., 99.

WapE, J. S. & Hystop, J. A., article by, 108.

Zonothrips, genus in North America, 105.

Actual date of publication, December 29, 1941,

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VOLUME 44

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1942

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TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME 44

Beamer, R. H.: A Revision of the Genus Twiningia in America North of
IVI COMM serie eet ee rote eb SE Catal eee a
Bovine, Apam G.: Description of the Third State Larva of Amphimallon
AMAT alis (RAZOUMOWSKV)) ete eect ee ta anette
Bretanp, Osmonp P.: Dipterous Parasites of Adult Mantids (Mantidae:
SAT COPMALTAAG) pee vey rars ene Meee AUR utc EET SE Net aa aes Beer ae
Bucuanan, L. L.: Xylocomesus Thatcher a Curculionid................
Causey, O. R., Deane, L. M., Deane, M. P., and Sampara, Macuavo:
Note Clarifying the Status of Anopheles albitarsis and Anopheles
darling (Diptera: Culicidae)/ ota cate Ses sues le See ee E
Crawrorp, J. C.: A New Heterothrips Found on Oak (Thysanoptera:
Efccerothripidac)atclaanurccr meets tea acd Oe ee ah teens
Two New South American Species of Merothrips Hood
Gihysanoptera:) Merothnipidde). cas... .6¢ 00sec fede one os oa
Cusuman, R. A.: A New Name for Odontomerus Gravenhorst, A New
Species and Taxonomic Notes (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)......
: The Synonymy of Idiogramma Foerster (Hymenoptera:
Ticlngaysinraavoy atte EVs) 38 03 Se a aa save a Rae Born mie ec een Samet
Eppy, Gaines W.: Notes on the Seasonal History of the Rabbit Tick
Haemophysalis leporis-palustris, in Oklahoma.....................
Ewine, H. E.: The Origin and Classification of the Apterygota.........
Farrcuitp, G. B.: Notes on Tabanidae (Diptera) From Panama, III.,
siheveenusiChnysopss Vleicentem nse einen:
Fennau, R. G.: Newor Little Known Kinnaridae (Homoptera: Ful-
RUEOIGCA ia. eye ee ta iars< we oe ee eee ae argeS Reger Mye tel tha
Fennau, R. G.: Notes on Some West Indian Flatidae..................
Fouts, Ropert M.: Description of a New Species of Goniozuz from
Wreponk (iE ymenoptera: Bbethylidae)).. 55.4.4: <acas sce needs ssn
Goop, Newe tt E.: Stenistomera (Siphonaptera): A Revaluation of the
Genus, with Description of a New Subgenus and Species...........
Harmiston, F. C. and Knowtron, G. F.: Three Syntormon (Diptera:
Dolichopodidae) from the Western United States..................
Hernricu, Cart: A New Psychophora from the Hudson Bay Region
(MepidopterasiGeometridae) yaar os soee 5 anes see se see
Sees Vall liammuschausy (Obitituwany,) pees ieee eee
Komp, W. H. W.: Anopheles clarki, A New Species of Nyssorhynchus of
Wide Distribution in South America (Diptera: Culicidae)........

mgpn 7

169

iv TABLE OF CONTENTS VOLUME 44

Kromsein, Kart V.: A New Genus and Species of Brachycistidinae

(Hymenoptera: Viphiidae).22 526. 54: ooo ee eee 65
McGrecor, FE. A.: The Taxonomic Status of the So-called “Common

Red: Spider?’ . iss. cee Pe SOME cial Me, 5 Te ee Soko eth eee 26
Parker, J. B.: Notes on Certain Species of Bembicidae................ 202
Parker, H. L.: Oviposition Habits and Early Stages of Orasema Sp..... 142
Rernuarp, H. J.: A New Parasitic Muscoid Fly from Texas............ 17
Report of the Corresponding Secretary of the Entomological Society of

Washington for the Year Ending November 30, 1941............... i2
Report of the Treasurer for the Year9fier sc 2 8 seen seer ne 11
Smiru, Carrot N.: Gynandromorphism in Ixodes dentatus Marx...... 52
Smitu, Marron R.: A New Apparently Parasitic Ant................-5 59

: The Male of Two North American Cerapachyine Ants. 62
: A New North American Solenopsis (Diplorhoptrum)

(Hymentoptera:)/Fonmicidae) 2.2. o2ce 4s ae et eee 209
Timpertake, P. H.: A New Species of Hippodamia from Mexico (Coleop-

tera: Coccinellidae) iis ¢..s Jags wget ns oH Es okie ee aes sie Ee eee 39
Weser, Neat A.: New Doryline, Cerapachyine and Ponerine Ants from

the Imatong Mountains, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan................... 40
Weicet, C. A., Borrmer, L. J. and Bucuanan, L. L.: Obituary Alonso

Clay tonuDaviseesi:. on doesnot tio sotto sea aren tease my:

Wueeter, Nancy H.: Trap-Light Studies of Leaf Hoppers of the Genus
Eimpoasea (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) s.)). uence eee 69

January, 1942 No. 1

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NOTES ON TABANIDAE (DIPTERA) FROM PANAMA.
III. THE GENUS CHRYSOPS MEIGEN.!

By G. B. Fatrcuizp,

Funtor Medical Entomologist, Gorgas Memorial Laboratory, Panamd, R. de P

Genus CHRYSOPS Meigen.

1803, Illiger’s Mag. f. Insectenk., II, p. 267. (Type, Tabanus
caecutiens Linn.\. Krober, 1925, Konowia, IV, 3-4, pp. 210-375,
Pl. 1-5. Bequaert, 1930. The African Republic of Liberia. etc.,
Mol. Il; p. 889.

Heterochrysops Krober, 1920, Zool. Jahrb., Abt. f. Syst.,
Bebliip: 55: Bequaert, 1924, Psyche, XXXII, No. 1, p. 31.
(Type Ge flavipes oe 1804.)

Bequaert (1. c. 1930) has given a full generic synonymy, which
there seems no necessity to repeat here.

The flies of this genus are generally small black or yellow
insects with mottled wings. Spurs are present on the hind
tibiae, the vertex bears three well developed ocelli, and the eyes
are generally green :n I'fe, with purple spots. The antennae are
very long, the first two segments together never less than two-
thirds as long as the third segment, which is composed of a more
or less cylindrical basa! part made up of fused annuli, and a
terminal flagellum of four movable annuli. The subepaulet
bears no macrotrichia, and the anal cell is often open.

Five species have been recorded previously from the Republic
of Panama, and three more are added in the present paper.
When compared to areas of comparable size and diversity of
habitat in North America, this seems a very meagre fauna, but
Tropical America as a whole is very poor in species of Chrysops.
Bequaert in a recent paper (1940) lists five species from Trin:-
dad, three from the Republic of Honduras, and only four from
the whole of the West Indies. Krober (1925) includes but 27
species in the fauna of Brazil, with an area comparable to that of
the United States.

1 Parts I and [1 of this series appe are) in the Revista de Entomologia, //, fasc.
3, Dec. 1940 and the Annals of the Entomolological Society of America aon
No. 4, Dec. 1940.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH.,'VOL. 44, NO. 1, JAN., 1942

Of the eight species here included, only one, C. a//eni, has
not been so far taken elsewhere. C. variegata occurs throughout
the Neotropical region, C. incisa, soror, and calogastra were
previously known from South America, while C. me/aena,
chiriquensis and mexicana have been taken in other Central
American republics.

Key To FEMALES.

1. Discal cell hyaline, or with a prominent hyaline spot in the middle 2
Discalucellkentirelysimiuscatec es. eee ers eee eee eis, 3
2. Antennae much longer than fore femora, the third segment shorter
than the first and second together. Cross-band of the wing well
developed; apex infuscated. Whole insect predominantly yellowish
[Dido iN eee eto ets Ales SONORA NiM ENE KL nes eles Oe ee a variegata de Geer.
Antennae but little longer than fore femora, the third segment slightly
longer than the first and second together. Cross-band obsolete;
apex of wing with only costal infuscation. Whole insect blackish

GNC as oe cena Se US eee be es alleni Fairch.
3. Fronto-clypeus with a median pollinose stripe. Apical spot drop
shaped; fifth posterior cell fully infuscated_..... chiriquensis Fairch.
Fronto-clypeus entirely shining. Apical spot siender, or filling most
of apex of wing. Fifth posterior cell always partly hyaline... 4
4. Apical spot consisting of a narrow stripe along the costa, not extending
beyond apex ‘of wing. 21.25. aca ot een ee A 5
Apical spot filling most of apex of wing, at least to the second posterior

Be Sides ae ‘ehorax With a prominent ‘ie yallow pollinese ss stripe. _ Haline
area in fourth and fifth posterior cells extensive, reaching nearly to
the discal cell. A small hyaline spot at the base of the first submar-
ginai cell. First and second abdominal tergites extensively yellowish
on sides, no yellow mid-dorsal triangle on the second tergite.._.imcisa Macq.
Sides of thorax blackish. Hyaline area in fourth and fifth posterior
cells barely reaching the middle of the fourth posterior cell. No
hyaline spot in first submarginal cell. Yellow on sides of first two
tergites less extensive, and a prominent yellow triangle present on
thevsecondtergitensc...- 1h ee eS ee nee een melaena Hine.
6. Body altogether black, with at most faint indications of mid-dorsal
abdominal triangles. Spot on fork of third vein unconnected with
cross-band___... Re ereene emipenen Peeat eu eer ee soror Krob.
At least some yellow markings on abdomen and a spot of yellow
tomentum on pleura... 0)..00 Be a eee 7
7. Abdomen with a transverse yellowish white Bana anteriorly on the
second tergite, widening to the full width of the tergite at the sides.
This tergite also bears a prominent, narrow, yellow, niid-dorsal
triangle; remainder of abdomen black. Spot on fork of third vein
may be either connected or unconnected with cross-band -.mexicana Krob.
Abdomen as above, but the third to fifth tergites have yellow hind
margins. Spot on fork of third vein always connected with cross-
band by a narrow spur._.................... iene ag ee pI calogastra Schin.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 1, JAN., 1942 3

Chrysops melaena Hine. (Fig. 2.)

1925, Occ. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 162, p. 147 (2; Panama,
Costa Rica, Venezuela). Kroéber, 1925, Konowia IV, pp. 373-374; 1934, Rev.
Ent. IV, p. 228 (=/eucospilus Wied.). Bequaert, 1931, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc.
XXXIX, p. 535. Dunn, 1934, Psyche, XLI, No. 3, p. 172 (Chiriqui, Panama)
Curran, 1934, kam. Gen. N. A. Diptera, Pl. 152, fig. 19 (Wing).

Chrysops incisa Krob., (in part, nec. Macq.), 1925, Konowia, IV, pp. 215, 225
e2orand) 344.) Pl T. figs 13, Pls: 1M, LV (ct, (9).

This seems to be the most abundant species of the genus, at
least on the Pacific side of Panama, where it has been taken
nearly everywhere collecting has been done, though ‘t appears
not to occur above about 2,000 ft. It bites man readily,
especially when abundant. Kréber’s (1925) record of /eucospila
from Costa Rica probably refers to the present species.

Distribution: Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, Colombia
(12, Jazmin, L. H. Dunn).

Panama records. Progresso, Chiriqui, R. P. [V—7 (Holotype
and 2 paratypes); Tabernilla, C. Z. VI-14 (Paratype); Arraijan,
R. P. I-21-30 (Dunn); Miraflores, C. Z. I-10-30 on horse
(Dunn); Summit, C., XIT—21—29 on horse (Dunn) Camp Pital,
Chiriqui, VII-12 to 20-29, on ears of mule (Dunn); Escobal,
V-4-31 (Dunn); Corozal, C. Z. I-21—29 (Curran); Barro Colo-
mado Is., C. Z., V-22—26 (Greene), Jan. 29 (Curran); Paraiso,
C. Z., I-10 to II-7-11 (Busck); Argas, R. P., [V—28-11 (Busck);
Rao Irinidad, C. Z., V—2—-11 (Busck): Gatun, C. Z., VIII-4—23
(Dyar); El Valle, Coclé Prov., XII-8-38, VI-18-39, VII-9-39,
Se 0639, XbI—1 7-39" (airehild); Rio Was. ajas, aR. P:,
II—5—39 (Fairchild) Ft. Clayton, C. Z., I-23-39 (Shropshire);
Peeemonte Point, Re »P.; 1-23-40» (Fairchild): )) Paja; Ro PS
V—-11-41 (Fairchild).

Chrysops incisa Macquart. (Tig. 3.)

1845, Mem. Soc. Sci. Lille (1844) p. 176, Pl. 1V, figs. 12, 12 a (2; Temperate
Regions of Columbia); 1844 Dipt. Exot., Suppl. I, p. 44, Pl. IV, figs. 12, 12 a.
Walker, 1854, List. Dipt. Brit. Mus., V, Suppl. I, p. 285. Schiner, 1868, Reise
Novara, Zool., II, Abt. 1, Vol. B, Dipt., p. 104 (o7, 2). Hunter, 1900 Trans.
mimet. Ent. Soc. XXVII, p. 135.. Kertész, 1900, Cat. Tab., p..8. Ricardo,
1901, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), VIII, pp. 310, 312 (o’, 9). Kertész, 1908,
Cat. Dipt., Ill, p. 188. Surcouf, 1921, Gen. Insect., Taban., p. 152. Hine,
1925, Occ. Papers Mus. Zoo!. Univ. Michigan, No. 162, p. 14. Bequaert, 1932,
Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. XX XIX (1931), p. 535. (Mexico); 1933, The Peninsula
of Yucatan, Carnegie Inst. Pub. No. 431, p. 560.

? Chrysops auroguttata Krober, 1930, Zool. Anz., XC, 3-4, p. 71-72, figs. 6-8
(2; Columbia; Trinidad); 1934, Rev. Ent., IV, 2, p. 225. Bequaert, 1940,
Rey. Ent., XI, 1-2, p. 272 (Trinidad); 1940, Bull. Ent. Res., XXX, 4, p. 448.

? Chrysops auroguttata var pallidefemorata Kréber, 1930, Zool. Anz., XC, 3-4,
p72, figs. 9-10 (9; Trinidad); 1934, Rev. Ent.; IV, 2, p.'225, Pechuman,
1937, Rev. Fnt., VII, 2-3, p. 136 (9; Panama). ;

4 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 1, JAN., 1942

As pointed out by Bequaert (1932), Krober’s iucisa (1925,
Konowia, [V; pp. 215,225,229 and 344, Pl). Pieaby seein
figs., and Pl. IV, figs.) o, 9 ) seems not to “be ther spears
described by Macquart nor the species discussed by Hine
(1925), but a mixture of melaena Hine and Jatifasciata Bell.
Krodber later (1930) described C. auroguttata and a var. pall-
defemorata which agree very closely with Hine’s and Bequaert’s
interpretations of iucisa, differing only in the absence of a
yellow triangle upon the second abdominal tergite. Bequaert
(l. c., p. 536) notes that Macquart’s figure of his Columbian
specimen shows a smaller hyaline area in the fourth and fifth
posterior cells than do Central American specimens. It seems
highly probable, therefore, that auroguttata Krober is the same
as incisa Macq., and that pallidefemorata Krober, if really
distinct, must be placed as a variety or race of incisa.

All the specimens I have seen from Panama and Central
America have the hyaline area in the cross-band extensive,
nearly touching the discal ceil, in this agreeing with pa/lide-
femorata. (It is apparently not a common species here, being
confined to the Atlantic side of the Isthmus.

Distribution: Colombia, ? Trinidad, Panama, Yucatan.

Panama records: Trinidad River, May, 1911, June 1912
(Busck). Mohinga Swamp, Gatun, C. Z. VIII-26—40 (Fair-
child).

Chrysops variegata (de Geer). (Fig. 1.)

1776, Mem. pour Servir a Hist. des Ins., VI, p. 230, Pl. NX XQ hess ase
(9, Surinam) (Tabanus). Bequaert, 1926, Med. Rep. Hamilton Rice Exped.
Amazon, p. 220; 1931, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XX XIX, pp. 533-535. Kréber,
1934, Rev. Ent. IV, 2, p. 224. (Heterochrysops). Bequaert, 1940, Rev. Ent.,
XI, 1-2, pp. 276-279.

Tabanus costatus Yab., 1794, Ent. Syst., [V, p. 373. Dunn, 1929, Am. Journ,
Trop. Med., IX, 6, p. 502. (Chrysops) (Medellin, Colombia).

Chrysops vulneratus Rond., 1848,1n Baudi and Truquii, Studi Ent., I, p. 104
(Brasil).

Chrysops molestus Guerin, 1835 (nec. Wied. 1828) Icon. Regne Animal
Insectes, VII, Pl. XCVII, fig. 3.

Chrvsops amazonius Rond., 1863, Arch. Zool, Modena, III, p. 81 (Porto Rico).

Chrysops lynchii Brethes, 1910, An. Mus. Buenos Aires, XIII, p. 474. Krober
1934, Rev. Ent., IV, 2, p. 224. (Heterochyrsops.)

Chrysops subfascipennis Macq., 1855, Dipt. Exot., Suppl. V, p. 35 (Banks of
Amazon River).

Chryseps (Heterochrysops) variegata var. subfascipennis Kréber, 1934, Rev.
Ent., IV, 2, p. 224.

Chrysops variegata var. lynchit Pechuman, 1937, Rev. Fnt., VII, 2-3, pp.
140-141.

The synonymy of, and references to, this common and wide-
spread Neotropical species are very extensive. Bequaert (1926,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 1, JAN., 1942 2)

1931, 1940) and Krober (1934) give fuil references, which I see
no need to repeat here. As with many abundant and wide-
spread forms, this species shows considerable variation in minor
characters, especially in the color of the wings, and aside from
those listed above, Krober (1925, Konowia, IV, p. 235) has
described a var. peruviensis and a var. venezuelensis. 1am notin
a position to discuss the status of these names for lack of
material, but Bequaert (I. c. 1940) has cast considerable dcubt
on their utility.

I have not found the species to be as abundant as me/aena in
Panama, at least in areas where most of my collecting has been
done. ;

Distribution: Southern Mexico and the West Indies to Chile
and Argentina.

Panama records: Escobal, R. P. V-4-31 (Dunn); Summit,
C. Z. X-24—-29, XII—21—29 (Dunn); France Field, C. Z. XI[—27-
29 (Dunn) Ft. Clayton, C. Z. I-23-39 (Shropshire); Juan Mina
Sta., ©. Z. XII-5, 21-38 (Fairchild): La Venta, R. P. 1-22- 4
(Fairchild); Venado Beach, C. Z. VI-22-39 (Fairchild); F
Sherman, C. 7. VII-3—24 (Banks) also specimens in U.S. N. ML
from Rio Trinidad, Barro Colorado Is., Gatun, Tabernilla,
Mt. Hope, Ft. Davis in the Canal Zone, and Porto Bello, R. P.
with dates from April to November.

Chrysops alleni Fairchild.
1939, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, XLI, No. 9, pp. 257-258, fig. 1.

This species, quite distinct from anything else in the region,
has been taken so far only in brackish mangrove swamps on the
Pacific side of the Isthmus. It seems to be most abundant at
the end of the dry season in May, but probably fles throughout
the year.

Distribution: Pacitic coast of Panama.

Panama records: Old Panama, R. P. V-I-39, XII-24-39,
ITI-16—40, I-2-41; Matutela Swamp, C. Z. V—20-39; Bejuco,
R. P. VI-18—39:; Venado Beach, C. Z. X-16-39. Paitilla Point,
R. P., VIT-7-40.

Chrysops chiriquensis Fairchild.

1939, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, XL1, No. 9, p. 259, figs. 2, 3
Chrysops subcaecutiens Hine, 1925 (nec. Bell., in part), Occ. Papers Mus.
Zool. Univ. Michigan, No. 162, p. 20. (Boquete, Chiriqui.)

The large size and median pollinose stripe on the fronto-
clypeus should serve to distinguish this species from any other
in the Panama fauna. Dr. C. B. Philip writes me that he has
recently received specimens of this species from the State of
Chiapas, Mexico. I have seen Hine’s specimens.

PLATE 1 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44

[6]

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 1, JAN., 1942 i

Distribution: Western Panama to Guatemala and Southern
Mexico.

Panama records: Boquete, Chiriqui Prov., R. P., 3-4000 ft.
elev., V—7-39. (Fairchild); IJI-1, 3, 8-23 (Gaige coll., in Hine
coll.).

Chrysops calogastra Schiner. (Fig. 4.)

1868, Reise Novara, Zool., II, Abt. 1, Vol. B, Dipt. p. 103 (2 ; South America).
Hunter, 1900, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., X XVII, p. 135. Ricardo, 1901, Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist., (7) VIII, p. 310. Kertész, 1900, Cat. Tab., p. 6. Surcouf,
1921, Gen. Insect., Taban., p. 150. _Kréber, 1925, Konowia, IV, pp. 214, 222
and 246, Pl. II, (Wing, 9) Pl. IV (abdomen, @); 1934, Rev. Ent., IV, 2, p. 225.
Dunn, 1934, Psyche, XLI, No. 3, p. 172.

This and the two following species form what appear to be a
rather close'y related group. Calogastra has yellow transverse
bands on all the tergites, and the spot on the furcation of the
third vein seems nearly always to be connected with the cross-
band, mexicana has yellow only on the second tergite, and the
spot on the furcation is sometimes connected with the cross-
band, though more often not; while soror lacks all yellow on the
abdomen and the spot on the furcation seems never to be con-
nected with the cross-band. In addition, I have seen a specimen
in Dr. Bequaert’s collection from British Guiana which is like
calogastra, except that the spot on the furcation of the third vein
is unconnected with the cross-band.

Distribution: Brasil, (Krober, the Type ?); Columbia, Re-
strepo, Muzo, and Villeta (in Coll. J. Bequaert); Panama, at
‘east to the Costa Rican border.

Panama records: Camp Pital, Chiriqui, VII-11—29 (Dunn).
Cerro Campana, Panama Prov., VI-11-39, VII-2-39. El
Valle, Coclé' Prov., VII-9-39; XII—10-39: Rio Pequeni, VILI—
21-40. Barro Colorado Is., C. Z., V—10-26 (Greene, U. S.
N. M.); I-30-29 (Frost, U. S. N. M.). Cano Saddle, Gatun,
C. Z., V-16—23 (Shannon, U. S. N. M.).

Chrysops soror Kréber. (Fig. 5.)

1925, Konowia, IV, p. 245, Pl. II, (@; wing), (Venezuela); 1934, Rev. Ent.
IV, 2, p. 229. Lutz, 1928, Est. Zool. Parasit. Venezolanas, p. 56.

This member of the ca/ogastra group is the only entirely black
species in Panama. It has been taken only at elevations above
2000 ft., and is not very common. Some specimens show a faint
greyish indication of mid-dorsal triangles on the second and
third tergites. There is a ? labelled Trece Aguas, Guatemala
19-IV (Schwarz and Barber) in the Hine Collection.

8 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 1, JAN., 1942

Distribution: Venezuela, Panama, Guatemala.

Panama records: El Valle, Coclé Prov., XII-8-38; V—20-39;
VII-9-39; VI-16—40.. Cerro’ Campana, Panama Prov. vie
II-39. Cerro Azul, Panama Prov., V—17—41.

Chrysops mexicana Kréber. (Figs. 6 and 7.)

Chrysops calogaster var. mexicana Kroéb., 1925, Konowia, IV, p. 248, Pls. II,.
IV, o,253 wing, abdomen) (Volcan Colima, Mexico); 1934, Rev. Ent., IV, 2
Daze

’

In many respects this species is intermediate between ca/o-
gastva and soror, but I believe it to be distinct from both. Most
of my specimens agree perfectly with Kréber’s description and
figures, except that the abdomens are aiways entirely black from
the third tergite on. In two specimens, however, the tibiae are
all black, the hvaline crescent is reduced to a series of short
streaks, and the spot on the fork of the third vein is broadly
connected with the cross-band.

Distribution: Mexico (Kroéber), Panama.

Panama records: Cerro Campans, Panama Province, VI-
11-39, VII-2-39, 2500-3000 ft. El] Valle, Coc!é Province,
VII-9-39, XII-10-39, 2000-2500 ft. Rio Pequeni, VIT1-21-40.

EXPLANATION Or FIGURES.

Fig. 1. Chrysops variegata (de Geer).
Fig. 2. C. melaena Hine.

Fig. 3. C. incisa Macq.

Fig. 4. C. calogastra Schin.

Fig. 5. C. soror Kroéb.

Fig. 6. C. mexicana Krob.

Fig. 7. C. mexicana Krob.

All figures were drawn from female specimens and are all to the same scale.

A NEW CHALCIDOID PARASITE OF THE VETCH BRUCHID.
By A. B. Gauan,

Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. S. Department of Agriculture.

A European species of the eulophid genus Tetrastichus was
introduced into North Carolina in 1939 by the Bureau of Ento-
mology and Plant Quarantine for control of the vetch weevil,
Bruchus brachialis Fahraeus, and specimens of the parasite were
subsequently reared by J. S. Pinckney from host material col-
lected in the release area. The material for the original intro-
duction was collected in the department of Var, France, by H.
L, Parker:

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 1, JAN., 1942 9

The identity of this parasite had not been established at the
time of the introduction and has remained in doubt up to the
present time. Specimens, said to be part of the originally
introduced material, run to amnulatus Foerster in the key by
Kurdjumov (Rev. Russe d’Entom. XIII, p. 251, 1913) to the
European species of Geniocerus (which I consider to be a syno-
nym of Tetrastichus) and seem to agree closely with the short
specific description by Foerster. Tetrastichus annulatus was
originally described from a specimen or specimens collected by
Foerster in the alpine region of Switzerland, a region not very
far removed, but quite different in elevation from the maritime
area of Var. The species is recorded by Dieuzeide (Bul. Soc.
Nat. Hist. d’Afrique du Nord, vol. 22, p. 270, 1931) from Algeria

_as a parasite of the itoniid ‘¢mblardiella tamaricum (Kieffer), the

identification of the parasite having been made by Ch. Ferriére.
It seems unlikely that the same species of Tetrastichus would be
found to attack two such widely different hosts as 4mblardiella
tamaricum and Bruchus brachialis.

In the absence of either a detailed description of annulatus
or authentic specimens for comparison and in view of the
uncertainty injected by the different host records and the dif-
ferent altitudes at which the Foerster type and the bruchid
parasites were collected it is deemed inadvisable to identify the
latter as Tetrastichus annulatus despite its apparent close agree-
ment with that species. In order to supply a name for the bru-
chid parasite it is herewith described as a new species.

The new species resembles Tetrastichus rapo (Walk.), but
differs by the infuscations on the middle and hind tibiae, by the
carina mesad of propodeal spiracle, and by the somewhat longer
joints of the funicle.

Tetrastichus bruchivorus, new species.

Tetrastichus sp. Strong, U.S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. and Pl. Quar., Rept. of Chief,
p. 89, 1939.

Female.—Length 1.65 mm. Head, thorax, and abdomen metallic green with
a slight bluish tinge; scape black, flagellum brownish black; all coxae and femora
concolorous with the thorax, the apical one-fourth to one-sixth of femora pale
yellow; anterior tibia entirely yellow; intermediate tibia yellow with a fuscous
band in the middle; posterior tibia with the basal one-half to two-thirds brown-
ish black, the apex yellow; all tarsi yellow with apical two segments fuscous;
wings hyaline, venation fuscous.

Antenna moderately stout; scape subcylindrical; pedicel about one and one-
half times as long as thick; single ring joint transverse; first funicular joint a
little longer than pedicel and about as thick as pedicel; second funicular joint
a little shorter than first; third joint of funicle slightly longer than broad; club
distinctly three jointed, subovate, about equal in length to the last two funicu-

10 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 1, JAN., 1942

lar joints, the apical joint terminating in a short spine. Head transverse, finely
lineolate-reticulate; cheek more than half as long as height of eye; ocellocular
line equal to about twice long diameter of an ocellus, distinctly shorter than
distance between posterior ocelli; eyes bare; mandibles broad, each with three
short, blunt teeth, the outer one the most distinct. Thorax ovoid, about two-thirds
as long as broad; prothorax short, transverse, rounded in front, finely sculp-
tured; mesoscutum finely lineolate; parapsidal grooves deeply impressed; median
longitudinal groove very fine but distinct and complete; prescutum longer than
broad, with a single row of hairs along each parapsidal groove; axillae and scu-
tellum sculptured like mesoscutum; scutellum convex, with two pairs of black
setae and with the two longitudinal grooves distinct; postscutellum weakly
reticulated; propodeum medially about one-third as long as scutellum, weakly
reticulately sculptured, with a median longitudinal carina and another very
weak carina curving outwardly just mesad of the spiracle, the lateral folds and
spiracular sulci absent. Wings extending beyond apex of abdomen; submar-
ginal vein with three to five bristles dorsally; marginal vein about equal to sub-
marginal and slightly more than twice as long as stigmal; marginal cilia short.
Abdomen ovate, as long and about as broad as thorax, distinctly reticulately
sculptured; ovipositor just reaching apex of abdomen.

Male.—Length 1.5mm. Like the female in all respects except in the antennae
and abdomen. Antenna long and rather stout; scape a little broader than in
female, about four times as long as broad; pedicel about one and one-half times
as long as broad; one very short ring joint; funicle four jointed, distinctly
broader than pedicel; first funicular joint a little longer than pedicel, with a
whorl of hairs basally which are about twice the length of the segment; second,
third, and fourth joints subequal in length and breadth, each a little longer than
first and each with a basal whorl of hairs similar to those on first segment; club
distinctly three jointed, a little longer than last two funicular joints, no thicker
than funicle; first joint of club with a basal whorl of hairs which are not so long
as those on funicular joints; second and third joints with numerous hairs but
they do not appear to be arranged in whorls; apical joint terminating in a short
spine. Abdomen elliptical, a little shorter than the thorax and distinctly
narrower.

Type locality.—Department of Var, France.

Type.—vU. S. National Museum No. 55900.

Described from 52 female specimens (1 holotype) reared from
Bruchus brachialis Fahraeus infesting vetch, collected in the
Department of Var, France, by H. L. Parker; 9 females and 1
male (the allotype) reared from Bruchus ulicis Mulsant and Rey
collected by Parker in the same French department; 14 females
taken at quarantine in Philadelphia, Pa., in seeds of vetch
originating in Italy and which were infested with B. u/icis; and
two females reared from B. brachtialis collected at Statesville,

Ne Gi bye oe einckney:.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 1, JAN., 1942 11

REPORT OF THE TREASURER FOR THE YEAR 1941.

RECEIPTS.

Cashron hana (ame ly VO4Th) eee ase aor Pe Te et - $237.81
igomememibersy duesitomlG4 lesen. pe ersten vee ee SEPA 497.83
dues inacdivancemec aie sen eine a AN ee 34.39
ache diiesve seasons ia weet tel ties Sythe eke ree 105.00
AIDRETA IONE Gwenn teen Mette ie ue pate, 22.00
From subscribers, for subscription to Proceedings... IOs/S
From authors, for separates and authors’ copies —...........---.--------- 78.75
for Mlustrationss. =. = en ee sya eer Ee ee 3.23
Mrombsnstitutions, (Of authorsy separates = ss assem none 99.25
OME ARMEOIC eee LD 24.41
fOrentinecostohanticlesws= ees 103.74
From sales of back numbers of Proceedings.................--2-.--2-0-------00------ 101.04
Totalixeceipts= oe Aes AI A he ee te $1,907.20

EXPENDITURES.

To H. L. & J. B. McQueen, Inc., for printing Proceedings (Vol.42,

No: 9 and! Vol.43, Nos. 1 to:8) and sepatates:. $1,164.56

To H. L. & J. B. Mcqueen, Inc., for printing programs of meetings
SESEt OR S29 <MIAGIUSIVie cs ieee bs Me ee lo oe es ae ee 24.75
To Southern Engraving Company for engravings... 140.17
HOLES CAILON Igy een a cm et eer he Mee ML eee ag ER Bh 34.10
FO TRS ea aly stem eee Par 5 tae eee | eae Bi oee EINE YE Pane 36.06
For shipping charges, including second-class postage and insurance 8.54
For clerical help, Office Corresponding Secretary... 40.00
Rlonclerical help Office of direasurer = = ss ee 16.00
Kor fental of safe deposit:box at City Bank...) 3.89
For advertising in Journal of Economic Entomology. 2.00
For service charge at Hamilton National Bank... 25
dlotallexpendituresi +e. = sel ee sem ee sened $1,470.32
Stampson hand-received in liew of cash.........<.2 ths 3.80
Gash onihand. Hamilton NationaliBank = 427.08
(Casini @ra, Inevarsl, wraals orotate lke a ES 6.00
$1,907.20

PuBLICATION FuND.

Schwarz donation (principal $1,000.00) invested with the American

Building Association—reported 1940... $1,477.52
Dividend for 1940, credited 1941.0... 59.08
Total in Schwarz donation fund... RASS ES, 8 $1,536.60

12 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 1, JAN., 1942

Knab bequest, invested with Columbia Federal Savings and Loan

Association reported 940 ne nae $618.24
Additional interest not recorded in 1940.00. 8.19
interest [9428 A ee eee 10.96
Deposited sl 94 2 ee ee 150.00
Covered by personal non-interest bearing note... 650.00

MotralineKnabibequest tund eee $1,437.39
General publication fund in savings account at the Hamilton
NationaleBanks Jamuatya lian 4)| es eee 641.02
from) sale of complete sets. =. see wee ewe 93.60
fromysale of No: lsof Memoirs. =.= sameeren 34.20
interest irom) savings) account. ae eee 13.68
otal inveenerall publication funds» $782.50
Total amount of publication fund=_-= $3,756.49

Respectfully submitted,
W. B. Woop,

Treasurer

The Committee on Audit has examined the financial accounts kept by the
Treasurer of the Society and found them to be correct for the year 1941, and we,
the undersigned members of the Committee, do so certify:

Respectfully submitted, January 8, 1942.
D. J. Carrrey,
L. G. BAuMHOFER,
Auditing Committee.

REPORT OF THE CORRESPONDING SECRETARY OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON FOR
THE YEAR ENDING NOVEMBER 30, 1941.

CORRESPONDENCE:

Approxiamtely 375 letters were written, of which about 100 went to prospec-
tive members or to purchasers of the Society’s publications. This type of
soliciting appeared to be more effective than other advertising by the Society
during 1941.

RESERVE PUBLICATIONS:
Statement of the inventory and sales of Proceedings and Reprints:

PROCEEDINGS.

1. Copies of Proceedings on hand December, 1940. .. 801038
2. Copies of Proceedings acquired Dec. 1940—Nov. 1941. 489

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 1, JAN., 1942 13

3. Copies of Proceedings available (total 1 and 2)... 30,527
4. Copies of Proceedings sold during the year.........-...-.---..-.---..scece--- 226
Ean Copies of: Procecdings:om~ hand.) et 2 oh et ae! 30,301
REPRINTS.
1. Reprinted articles on hand December, 1941... Ae Be 1 Pe ee 477
2. Total copies reprints reported on hand December, 1940... 13,790
Sa iCopies of reprints sold during the year. 57
EE COPIESTO she PGIMES! O Mulan Cl Meee aonnEe ne meee panne EEE eee 135783
SALES OF PROCEEDINGS AND RESERVE REPRINTS.
(eahotalenumiberotsaless 2s) ee ee ee ee 36
pee Nuimberotacomplete setsisoldaa eee eet ee a een eee 0)
oe Onrdersiexceeding: 20/00 net vialuce 0)
emlotalmnet value olsaless ss. he ote See ee ee ee ee ee $105.80
Report on Memoir No. 1:
lemelotalucopiesrol Memoir Now| sprinted sie es ee 300
2. Votal copies of Memoir No. 1 disposed of in’ 1939.__...............--------.--- 66
See Wotalicopies off Memoin Nol) soldiinul940 meee ee 20
4. Total copies of Memoir No. 1 disposed of in 1941. 13
5, Ucoxallieoyones wire IMieiaene INOS il yn InehnGlige 201

MEMBERS AND SUBSCRIBERS:
Compared to preceding year
1938 1939 1940 1941 Loss Gain Net loss or gain

Members 240 242 247 254! 102 17 plus 7
Subscribers 124 128 134 1448 1 11 plus 10
Respectfully submitted,
F. W. Poos,
Corresponding Secretary.

‘Includes 18 members, in arrears for dues, to whom the Proceedings is not
being sent in accordance with Article VI of the By-Laws; also two members do
not receive the Proceedings in accordance with the new Article VII of the By-
Laws.

2 Four deaths; 6 resignations.

3 Includes several subscribers in foreign countries whose status is uncertain
on account of war conditions.

14 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 1, JAN., 1942

MINUTES OF THE 523D REGULAR MEETING OF THE ENTO-
MOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, DECEMBER 4, 1941.

The 523d regular meeting of the Society was held at 8 p. m., Dec. 4, 1941, in
Room 43 of the National Museum. The meeting was called to order by Presi-
dent Ewing, and 37 members and 10 visitors were present. The report of the
October meeting was approved as read.

The following were elected to membership in the Society: Charles W. Collins,
Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Morristown, N. J.

F. H. Lathrop, Maine Agricultural Experiment Station, Orono, Me.

Henry K. Townes, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Washing-
tone: C.

Reports were given by the following members of the Executive Committee:
Corresponding Secretary, F. W. Poos; Treasurer, W. B. Wood; President, H. E.
Ewing. The latter called attention to the favorable trend of the Society as
indicated by statistics compiled over a five-year period beginning in 1937, show-
ing the number of members, average attendance at meetings, receipts of treas-
urer and the number of pages published annually in the Proceedings. Siegler
inquired about members who are not receiving the Proceedings at present
because of failure to pay dues. Poos noted that the Executive Committee had
recently voted to set aside 18 copies of each back issue for the sole purpose of
filling orders for complete sets of the Proceedings.

The Nominating Committee, through its chairman, S. B. Fracker, presented
its recommendations for 1942 officers. Other members of the committee were
F. C. Bishopp, B. A. Porter and Joseph S. Wade. The nominees were unani-
mously elected, as follows:

PRCSTAEHIL io ee ee Pe Oa ee eee E. N. Cory

I EERIE | TAI Oh CAG LNA aay nes oe EE a R. W. Harnep

IS CCOMA VLCE= TESTO CT Ta ee ee P. N. ANNAND
VROGOT CLT Se SCC ELT.) meee ae re ne eee ee A. B. GurNEY
Coupes POndinlS CONCLAT) eee ee F. M. Wadley
Ue aS UT CH te en aL PS re er ee L. G. BAUMHOFER
EGE GY See a AOA ee IRENA ee Fe W. R. Warton

Executive Committee H. E. Ewine
To represent the Society as Vice-President of the

Washington Academy of Sciences ....--.----------- Austin H. CLark

Under Notes and Exhibitions of Specimens, F. C. Bishopp reported that
Herald R. Cox, of the Rocky Mountain Laboratory, National Institute of
Health, Hamilton, Montana, was the recipient of the Theobold Smith Award
of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, for his outstanding
work on the cultivation of Rickettsiae—the causative organisms of Rocky
Mountain spotted fever, Australian and American “Q” fevers, and other
diseases. Dr. Cox has shown that these disease organisms can be cultivated
readily in chick embryos. The development of this technique not only makes it
possible to prepare economical vaccines for these maladies but also provides a
useful tool for the study of them. (Author’s abstract.)

Dr. Bishopp also spoke as follows regarding a recent tribute to a member of
the Society, Lloyd E. Rozeboom:

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 1, JAN., 1942 15

“ Attention is drawn to the signal honor conferred upon one of our members
at the November meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine, held
conjointly with the Southern Medical Association in St. Louis, Mo. (This was
the Bailey K. Ashford Award in Tropical Medicine of $1,000 and a bronze medal.
The presentation was made by Col. J. S. Simmons, M. C., U. S. A., in recog-
nition of Dr. Rozeboom’s work on the transmission of malaria by Anopheles
bellator R. & K. in Trinidad. This abundant species has been suspected of act-
ing as a vector of malaria but its peculiar feeding and biting habits have made
actual determination of this most difficult. The mosquito breeds in epiphytic
bromeliads which grow high in the Immortelle trees that shade the cocoa trees.
It seeks blood at twilight and, contrary to the usual habits of most anophelines,
does not remain in houses but returns at once to its sylvan habitat. By collect-
ing specimens on men used as bait, an opportunity was given to examine
considerable numbers of them for malaria infection. The 398th specimen exam-
ined by Dr. Rozeboom and his associates was found to be infected with a single
live oocyst. This when crushed liberated a large number of motile sporozoites.

“This discovery is of much significance at this time because of the abundance
of this native mosquito in the tropics which are now being occupied in connec-
tion with defense activities. The recognition of the outstanding work of this
young medical entomologist is well deserved and I am sure the entire member-
ship of this society joins me in rejoicing in it and extending congratulations.”

At the suggestion of S. B. Fracker, a vote of thanks was given to the retiring
Treasurer and Corresponding Secretary, W. B. Wood and F. W. Poos. President-
Elect Cory presided during the remainder of the meeting.

E. A. Back called attention to the vast number of certain insects which may
infest cereal packages, and he exhibited oatmeal containers that had been
entered by the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Duv., and the lesser
grain borer, RAizopertha dominica (F.).

C. T. Greene reported an exhibited larvae of the botfly genus Gasterophilus
(probably nasalis (L.) or a species very closely related). These specimens were
sent in by Carlton M. Herman of Los Angeles, Calif., Nov. 19, 1941, with the
statement that they were taken froma lion on Oct. 17, 1941, at Gay’s Lion Farm,
just outside of Los Angeles. This is the first known record of any dipterous
larvae being taken from the lion. (Author’s abstract.)

F. C. Bishopp reported an interesting case of nasal myiasis which was brought
to his attention last July by R. G. Beachley, Health Officer in Arlington County,
Va. A woman, while working in her yard, felt a sharp sting—as though by an in-
sect—in her right nostril. This resulted in a profuse watery secretion and some
coughing, followed by paroxysms of sneezing and pain which steadily became
more violent during the week following the attack. Examination by a nose and
throat specialist and by X-ray failed to reveal any foreign object, but, eleven
days after the attack, a spiny larva about 6.5 mm. in length was dislodged by
sneezing. This was identified by E. F. Knipling as a nearly grown, first-instar
larva of the genus Cuterebra (Bishopp No. 30722). During the three days
following the expulsion of the larva, a number of hemorrhages—some of which
were profuse—occurred. These attacks were followed by complete recovery.
Rabbits, chipmunks, squirrels, and field mice were present in the vicinity of the
woman’s residence. (Author’s abstract.)

16 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 1, JAN., 1942

Gurney noted the presence in the Washington area of a second introduced
species of Asiatic mantid, Tenodera angustipennis Sauss. For nearly a decade
at least, angustipennis has occurred here, and now it is submitted for identifi-
cation by local residents about as often as the better known and _ closely
related T. sinensis Sauss., which has been in this country at least 45 years. The
two species are distinguished by differences of size, proportion, color of the hind
wing and by important distinctions in the egg mass and male terminalia. Notes
on angustipennis in the United States were first published by F. M. Jones and
J. A. G. Rehn in 1933, in separate articles appearing in Entomological News.
A native species, Stagmomantis carolina (Joh.), also occurs in the vicinity of
Washington; the only other mantid occurring so far north in the Eastern States
is the introduced Mantis religiosa L., of the Palearctic Region, which is estab-
ished in Western New York, particularly about Rochester.

The regular program was as follows:

1. Insect problems of the Aroostook potato area.

Geddes W. Simpson, Maine Agricultural Experiment Station, Orono, Me.

Dr. Simpson emphasized the importance of the potato crop raised in Aroos-
took Co., Me., particularly since about one-half of all certified seed potatoes
grown in this country are produced there. The various types of insect injury
interfering with potato yield and the development of tubers meeting the require-
ments of certified seed were noted. Viruses constitute the most serious troubles,
and the main insect vectors involved are aphids. The peach, buckthorn, potato
and foxglove aphids are the four chief species, and their life histories were dis-
cussed. The Colorado potato beetle, potato flea beetle, leafhoppers, Lygus bugs,
white grubs and wireworms were also mentioned. (Secretary’s abstract.)

2. The search for new insecticides.

Herbert L. Haller, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine.

The principal groups of compounds which comprise insecticides are organic
and inorganic natural substances, and those prepared synthetically in the labor-
atory. The organic materials may be of animal origin, such as fish oils and
gelatin, or derived from plants, as is true of nicotine, pyrethrum and rotenone.
Dr. Haller devoted special attention to this latter group of compounds and
explained how the organic chemist cooperates with plant breeders and manu-
facturers in developing insecticides. He discussed tobacco and the search for a
non-water-soluble type of nicotine. Pyrethrum, derris, cube and tephrosia
plants were illustrated, and their present importance and principal areas of
cultivation described. (Secretary’s abstract.)

A non-resident member, W. H. W. Komp of Panama, greeted the Society.
Herbert H. J. Nesbitt, of Ottawa, Canada; F. J. Bartlett, of Gulfport, Miss.
and Charles F. Doucette, of Sumner, Wash., were introduced and spoke briefly.

Adjournment at 9.50 p. M.

AsHLEY B. GuRNEY,
Recording Secretary.

Actual date of publication, Ffanuary 29, 1942.

ANNOUNCEMENT

rices for back volumes and single numbers of the Proceedings of the Ento-
mological Society of Washington are as follows until further notice:

Wales vl--19. per Volumes. $200
Seer a er 3S ae a ee eee
Vols. 20-41 per volume ees es ea ee Pe
ye fir be ghee seal Se Dee a coe eae ELS 5)

Double numbers: (per double no.) 50

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Note: Nos. 1-4 of Vol. 9 and Nos. 1-4 of Vol. 19 (each of
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as complete volumes. Per volume.__.....--.-_ 2.00

Complete sets, Vols. 1-42 (1884-1940) Inclusive... $121.00

A classified list of available separates of articles which have appeared in the
Proceedings will be furnished upon request.

A 20 PERCENT DISCOUNT WILL BE MADE TO MEMBERS
AND SUBSCRIBERS ON ORDERS OF $10.00 OR OVER.

Domestic shipments prepaid, foreign shipments f. o. b. Washington.

_ A new book “The North American Bees of the Genus Osmia” by Grace A.
andhouse, issued as Memoir Number 1 of the Society, is now available.

Postpaid to non-members and institutions.................._ $3.00
-To members of the Society... ecm Seeger OS BD, OU

_ This is a revisionary study of the genus s Osmia with keys for identification
; descriptions and distribution records for known N. American species.

Make checks, drafts, etc. payable to the Entomological Society of Washington.)

F. M. WADLEY,
Corresponding Secretary,
Address: Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine,
Washington, D, C.

FAIRCHILD, G. B.—NOTES ON TABANIDAE (DIPTERA) FROM PANAMA, III. THI
GENUS: CHRYSOPS MBIGEN) 70°.) 02:3) “ic a eee em, es eee
GAHAN, A. B.A NEW CHALCIDOID PARASITE OF THE VETCH BRUCHID .

REPORT: OF THE TREASURER hi seve -ccyos turers Wohi ei chads where her aeeh Comin na

REPORT OF THE CORRESPONDING SECRETARY . . . «ee we ee

; VOL. 44 February, 1942 No. 2

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
tS OF WASHINGTON

;

mS
x
ae

2
f}

ES Pn
ee ——— Sa

Lo~'
oe ap ie

ee Zo gt

Ses >

=
aS

PusiisHep Montuiy Except Jury, Aucust AND SEPTEMBER
BY THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
WASHINGTON, D. C.

__ Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., under
Act of August 24, 1912.

_ Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October
3 1917, authorized July 3, 1918,

THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY —
OF WASHINGTON
OrcanizeD Marcn 12, 1884.

The regular meetings of the Society are held in the National Museum on the i
tirst Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 P. M.
Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are —
entitled to the Proceedings and any manuscript submitted by them is given —
prececlence over any submitted by non-members. ‘i

OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1942.

Lonoraty Presigent har cis a Mpa ks Spee tai ely beh ge ghee ott seats L. O. Howarp ~
PHESSACUY iro. SENN elo is ey oO ae Ra aN wid he das ee eel hale E. N. Cory —
Pinst VACEPVESIGeNE OE Ca the aaaae Gin a! hee ah abies Saks R. W. HarneD —
Second Vices Prestaent oie wey eg iks ete. ober we Oe areal P. N. Annanp |
Recording SCCrenarye Oe Ve ASE te alt allie yilscs saw antigtgts Asuiey B. Gurney
Corresponding Secretary! Soc twist ies ae dn na ae einen F. M. Wapiey i

TYCGSUTEN SE OEM AON RG SOLE a ea NS alin L. G. BauMHOoFER os
Bdgpor i Baa es Yate GRA Te ae ee Pett Some Nigsas asin W. R. Warton —
Executive Committee .H. E. Ewinc, C. F. W. Mueseseck, R. & SNODGRASS _
Nominated to represent the Society as Vice-President Be

of the Washington Academy of Sciences .......- Austin H. Crark ~

PROCEEDINGS
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON.

Published monthly, except July, August and September, by the Society
Washington, D. C. Terms of subscription: Domestic, $4.00 per annum
foreign, $4.25 per annum; recent single numbers, 50 cents, foreign postagi
extra. All subscriptions are payable in advance. Remittances should be mad
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Authors will be furnished not to exceed 10 copies of the number in which thei
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The Corresponding, Secreuues and Treasurer should be addres

similarly.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
VOL. 44 FEBRUARY, 1942 No. 2

A NEW PARASITIC MUSCOID FLY FROM TEXAS.!

By H. J. Retyuarp,
College Station, Texas.

The new species of Sarcophaga described below was reared
from adult Mantids by Dr. O. P. Breland, who in the following
paper presents some biological observations on the same.

Sarcophaga austinana, n. sp.

Similar to Sarcophaga (Mantidophaga) stagmomantidis Towns.,
but differs in having the cheek grooves and frontal stripe wholly
black and the female lacks apical scutellar bristles. The species
has the essential characters of Aldrich’s Group D (Sarcophaga
and Allies, p. 113) and is apparently the first southwestern form
to be recorded from a Mantid host.

Male.—Front narrowed before ocellar triangle, 0.157 of head width (average
of three: 0.163; 0.161; 0.147); parafrontals cinereous pollinose on black ground
color; frontal vitta velvety black, slightly narrowed behind but wider than para-
frontal on entire length; inner verticals well developed, outer ones vestigial;
ocellars not very strong, proclinate; frontals in a single row, moderately diver-
gent beneath antennal base and descending nearly to level with apex of second
segment; face blackish gray pollinose, not deeply impressed, its lateral ridges
finely haired on lower two-fifths; vibrissae strong, decussate, near oral margin;
antennae black, third segment hardly twice length of second, reaching to lower
fourth of face; arista blackish, long plumose to middle and thickened on prox-
imal fourth; parafacial black, gray pollinose, with a double row of hairs along
outer margin, inner row larger, almost bristly; cheek cinereous pollinose on black
ground color, nearly one-third eye height; proboscis short, stout; palpi black,
upturned and slightly thickened beyond middle; eyes bare, descending about to
vibrissal level; back of head gray pollinose, clothed with black hairs intermixed
with pale pile below middle.

Thorax black, gray pollinose, with the usual three to five black vittae on
notum. Chaetotaxy: acrostichal 2, 3; dorsocentral 3, 3; intraalar 2 (none near

1 Contribution No. 706, Division of Entomology, Texas Agricultural Ex-
periment Station.

18 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 2, FEB., 1942

suture); supraalar 3; postalar 2; notopleural 4; presutural 2; posthumeral 2;
humeral 3; sternopleural 3 (in a row); scutellum with 2 lateral, 1 smaller decus-
sate apical and 1 discal pair well behind middle; infrascutellum recessive;
propleura and prosternum bare; calypters subopaque, with a rather uniform
blackish tinge.

Abdomen wholly black, gray pollinose, tessellated with a distinct median
black vitta; first segment without, second with a pair of median marginals;
third with a median marginal pair and 4 or 5 laterals; anal segment with a
complete marginal row; hypopygium reddish yellow; first segment small, with
a row of 6 to 8 slender bristles on hind margin above; second segment globose
but not very large, with numerous erect smallish hairs and two stronger bristles
near middle behind; forceps yellow, rather short and uniformly curved forward,
terminating in a sharp point, hind side with a small but distinct barblike
projection slightly beyond the inward basal curvature; viewed from behind the
forceps are thin, divided but hardly at all divergent apically, the inner margin
of each forcep is slightly raised to form a sharp median keel; accessory plate
yellow, slender and curved backward against forceps; both claspers well devel-
oped, hind pair strongly hooked at tip, the anterior somewhat shorter and
thicker with an obliquely rounded tip; penis wholly shining black, jointed near
middle, distal segment slightly enlarged bearing a blackish pale-margined
earlike lobe on each side at apex; fifth sternite black, with a broad V-shaped
apical incision, lobes clothed with fine hairs and pale pubescence along inner
margin.

Legs black; middle femur with short comb; middle tibia with two antero-
dorsal bristles; hind tibia not villous; claws and pulvilli elongated, latter con-
siderably infuscated.

Wings hyaline but with an apparent blackish tinge basad of small cross vein;
first vein with longish coarse hairs on middle part, third setulose almost to small
cross vein; apical cell open far before wing tip; costal spine strong; epaulets black.

Female.—F¥ront at vertex 0.292 of head width (average of three: 0.278; 0.301;
0.297), widening gradually downward to antennal base; two pairs of proclinate
orbitals and outer verticals developed; apical scutellars absent; abdomen trun-
cate at apex as viewed from above; median marginals on second segment weak
and usually depressed; genital segment black, the apical margin beset with
a row of slender black hairs; fifth sternite black, dusted with gray pollen, the
sixth terminating in a reddish yellow chitinized larvipositor, which is bowed
forward, grooved behind and tapers to a blunt tip; claws and pulvilli short.

Length: Male, 8-9 mm.; female, 6.5—7 mm.

Holotype: Male, Austin, Texas, October 13, 1941 (O. P. Breland). Allotype:
Female same data as type. Paratypes: two males and six females same data as
type, one male and four females, San Marcos, Texas, October 11, 1941 (O. P.
Breland). Holotype and Allotype in U.S. National Museum; six paratypes in
my collection, the remainder returned to Dr. O, P. Breland.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 2, FEB., 1942 19

DIPTEROUS PARASITES OF ADULT MANTIDS (MANTIDAE;
SARCOPHAGIDAE).

By Osmonp P. BreEtanp,
The University of Texas.

Adult mantids appear to be singularly free of parasites,
although several species of insects attack their egg cases (Bre-
land 1941a). During the past several years, the writer has kept
dozens of mantids in the laboratory, and, with two exceptions,
has not found any parasites that attack them. The mantids
that were exceptions were both grey females of Stagmomantis
carolina (Joh.), which had been collected by students and brought
into the laboratory. One specimen was collected by Alvin
Flury 2 mies north of San Marcos, Texas, September 27, 1941.
The other insect was collected by Jack Dobson, a graduate
student, at Austin, Texas, October 3, 1941. From each of these
mantids, parasites were bred that are described as a new species
(Sarcophaga austinana) by Dr. H. J. Reinhard in the article
preceding this paper.

Before discussing the biology of this parasite, it might be well
to point out briefly a few previous reports of dipterous parasites
having been bred from mantids. So far as the writer could
determine, there have been made only a very few of such reports.

The first publication of such rearings that the writer has been
able to find is that of Riley (1875: 180). He states that he
found a female of “the common Carolina Mantis” (presumably
S. carolina) with the abdomen partly decomposed, and filled
with sarcophagid larvae. The mantid was collected in October,
and the parasitic larvae stayed in the ground until the next July,
at which time they emerged as adults. Riley determined these
insects as Sarcophaga carnaria var. mantivora, and stated that
size was the only difference between his insects and typical S.
carnaria. He intimated that his specimens were considerably
smaller in size than typical S. carnaria. Riley did not postu-
late how these parasites had gained access to the body of the
mantid, although he states that S. carnaria should probably
be considered as a scavenger of grasshoppers rather than a true
parasite, since it is seemingly attracted more often to weakened
insects, or those that were already dead.

Gahan (1915) reported the breeding of 3 sarcophagids from a
female of S. carolina. The mantid when collected had a wound
in its side so that Gahan states that it was not known whether
this was true parasitism, or whether the mantid had become
maggot infested after receiving a previous wound. This species
was determined at that time as Sarcophaga (Helicobia) helicis,
but was later described as a new genus and species, Wantide-
phaga stagmomantidis, by Townsend (1918). Busck (Proc, Ent.

20 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 2, FEB., 1942

Soc. Wash. 17: 24-25), in discussing this paper by Gahan, sug-
gested that perhaps the mantid had become accidentally para-
sitized by eating sarcophagid larvae which had passed uninjured
through its mouth parts. He further stated that he had seen an
adult mantid (P. sinensis) eat mature sarcophagid larvae that
had been squeezed by the mantid from a gravid fly, and that
later thissame mantid was found to be parasitized by sarcophagid
larvae. The parasites, however, were not reared to maturity,
so that there is no positive guarantee that they were the same
species as the insects that were eaten, or that they actually
entered the body of the mantid by this method.

Branch (1920) likewise discovered a female S. carolina with
a wound in its side, and bred one specimen of S. setigera from its
body. Again the true nature of the association was not estab-
lished.

It is believed that the following observations relative to the
present rearings should be of interest.

Both specimens when brought into the laboratory appeared
normal, and it is believed that if any wounds had been present
they would have been noticed. The insects’ abdomens were
distended as though with eggs, and their reactions were normal
except that they did not take food. Their failure to take food
was not unusual, however, since females on the verge of egg
deposition will quite frequently disregard introduced insects
(Breland 1941b).

Several days after the mantids had been placed in the labor-
atory (4 days in one case, 5 in the other) dipterous larvae began
emerging from the abdomens of the mantids. More detailed
observations were made on the insect from San Marcos, so that
the following biological notes apply specifically to the parasites
from this insect. From the single female mantid, 16 dipterous
larvae emerged and crawled about the cage looking for a place to
pupate. These larvae averaged 8 mm. in length in the unex-
panded condition. Several of the larvae were placed in a finger
bowl filled with dirt, while the others were put in dampened
strips of toweling paper for additional observation. Those in
the toweling paper assembled in a group under the strips, and
within 36 hours all had formed puparia. Nine days after form-
ing puparia, adult flies began emerging from both containers.

The female mantid was still alive after the emergence of the
parasitic larvae, but was indeed quite feeble. Examination of
this insect revealed that the larvae had emerged from between
tergites 4 and 5, and 5 and 6, while there were no other wounds
on the body. Dissection revealed that most of the inside of the
abdomen consisted of a mass of unrecognizable material. A
few mature eggs, part of the digestive tract, and the fairly com-
plete nerve cord were all that could be identified with certainty.

The mantid from Austin yielded 21 larvae, and these started

PROC, ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 2, FEB., 1942 21

emerging as adults 9 days after they had been placed in dirt for
pupation.

It seems possible that in nature the parasites would not have
emerged as adults until the following spring or summer, since
the laboratory temperature was somewhat more constant and
warmer than the outside temperature. This fact plus other
abnormal laboratory conditions may have accounted for the
unsatisfactory results of the experiments with the living insects.

For several consecutive days, the adult flies were placed in
cages with adult mantids, and their reactions were carefully
recorded. So far as could be determined, the flies wholly ignored
the mantids, but some of the mantids consumed several of the
adult flies. Those mantids that were placed with the flies were
carefully watched until they themselves died, but no signs of
parasitism developed in any of these insects. The experiments
were continued until all of the flies that had not fallen prey to
the mantids had died.

The reaction of one mantid to the flies was of particular inter-
est. This insect appeared frightened by the buzzing of the
flies, and while in the cage with them would either stay in one
corner or move cautiously from one place to another. When
the flies approached it would strike at them spasmodically—
not at all like the usual mantid trying to catch food. During
the time this mantid was with the flies, it managed to catch
several. It would then take a bite or so from its victim, and then
violently discard it as though it were not palatable. This par-
ticular insect did not completely consume a single fly, although
it killed and mutilated several. Other mantids were not fright-
ened by the flies, but ate with relish all that they could catch.

Although these observations do not completely solve the prob-
lems connected with the relationship between these two species
of insects, it is believed that certain facts are suggestive. It is
believed that the larvae were true parasites, because of the
large number present, and since a large wound in the body of
the mantid would probably have been noticed. The possibility
is also suggested that the wounds reported in the bodies of the
mantids by Gahan (1915) and Branch (1920) were caused by
the previous emergence of some of the dipterous larvae before
the mantids were discovered. This is supported by the fact that
only a single larva was discovered in one instance and three in
the other. Since, however, the species reported by both these
authors were different from the present parasites, this may not
have been the case.

There is no direct evidence as to how the larvae of the present
parasite may have gained entrance into the bodies of the man-
tids. While it seems possible that one or perhaps a few larvae
might get past the mouth parts uninjured as suggested by
Busck, which has been mentioned previously, it does not seem

22 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 2, FEB., 1942

possible that such a large number as recovered by the writer
could have done so. This possibility, however, should not be
overlooked.

The other possibility is that the female parasite larviposited
on the body of the mantid as does S. ke//yi and other species
when parasitizing grasshoppers. Neither of these two possi-
bilities is supported by the experiments that were performed
with the mantids and the adult parasites, but it is possible that
nymphs are attacked, or that laboratory conditions kept the
parasites from reacting normally. Although a female fly might
have some difficulty in approaching closely to an adult or
nymphal mantid, this could be accomplished while the mantid
was eating another insect.

Until additional data are forthcoming, the writer is inclined
to regard the present cases as instances of true parasitism, but
accidental in the sense that the mantid is probably not the usual
host for the parasite. If, however, additional investigation
should indicate that the parasite attacks mantids more heavily
in this or other localities, the present interpretation would
probably have to be modified or revised.

LITERATURE CITED.

Brancu, Haze 1920. A web-spinning sarcophagid, parasite upon a mantis
(Dipt., Orthopt.) Ent. News 31: 276.

BreLanpb, Osmonp P. 1941a. Podagrion mantis Ashmead and other parasites
of praying mantid egg cases (Hym.: Chalcidoidea; Dipt.: Chloropidae).
Ann. Ent. Soc. Am. 34: 99-113.

BreLAnD, Osmonp P. 1941b. Notes on the biology of Stagmomantis carolina
(Joh.) (Orthoptera: Mantidae). Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc. 36: 170-177.

Gauan, A. B. 1915. Notes on two parasitic Diptera. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.
17: 24.

Riey, C. V. 1875. Seventh annual report on the noxious, beneficial, and other
insects of the State of Missouri. Jefferson City, Mo. Pp. 1-196.
Townsenb, Cuas. H. T. 1918. New muscoid genera, species, and synonymy.

Insect. Inscit. Menst. 6: 151-182.

THREE NEW SYNTORMON (DIPTERA: DOLICHOPODIDAE)
FROM WESTERN UNITED STATES.!

By F. C. Harmsron and G. F. Know ton.?

The following report deals with three apparently new species
of Syntormon (Dolichopodidae, Diptera). Like nearly all Syn-

1 Contribution from the Department of Entomology, Utah Agricultural Ex-
periment Station.

2 Graduate assistant and research associate professor of entomology. respec-
tively.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 2, FEB., 1942 BLS)

tormon males, the three species here described have the pos-
terior basitarsi somewhat modified by the presence of a prom-
inent sinuous bristle upon the plantar surface.

Syntormon kennedyi, n. sp.

Male.—Length, 3 mm.; of wing, 3.2mm. Face moderately wide on upper
portion, narrow below, silvery pollinose. Front metallic blue-green, the reflec-
tions near the vertex coppery. Antennae (fig. 4) black; third joint broad at
base, tapering to a sharp point, densely pubescent; arista about same length
as third joint, sub-apical. Orbital cilia white, a few of the upper cilia black.

Dorsum of thorax bronze, the extreme upper lateral margins with a greenish
luster; pleurae greenish, thickly dusted with white pollen, the posterior edge
yellow. Dorsum of abdomen black with bronze reflections; second and third
segments broadly yellow on lateral margins; venter of four basal segments yel-
low; posterior edge of first segment with long black hairs on the dorsum, the
hairs along lateral portion yellowish; otherwise the abdomen is clothed with
short black hairs. Hypopygium embedded, the outer appendages small, pale,
fringed with yellowish cilia.

Coxae, femora and tibiae yellow, the posterior tibiae thickened and blackened
on the apical fifth. Coxae with delicate pale cilia on anterior surfaces, the
bristles at apex brownish; posteriom coxae with a strong black bristle on outer
surface. Middle femora with a row of short, sharp black bristles along lower
edge, becoming shorter toward the apex; fore tibiae with a dense row of short,
but conspicuous, bristles along the inner anterior surface. Fore tarsi blackened
from the tip of first joint; middle tarsi (fig. 7) with third and fourth segments
conspicuously compressed, fifth joint plain, tarsi black beyond the middle of the
second joint; posterior tarsi (fig. 11) black from near base of second joint, the
first and second joints brown, the basitarsi somewhat flattened on lower surface
and bearing a conspicuous bisinuate bristle near the tip, this bristle being about
24 the length of basitarsus. Joints of fore tarsi as 12-5-4-3-3; of middle tarsi
as 14-5—5—4-3; of hind tarsi as 8-7-6-5-3. Halteres pale yellow; calypters yel-
low with narrow black margin, their cilia pale.

Wings (fig. 3) grayish hyaline, broadest opposite the cross-vein; anal angle
not prominent, evenly tapered toward the base of wing.

Described from two males, both taken at Cameron Pass, Col-
orado, August 18, 1940, by G. F. Knowlton. Holotype depos-
ited in the U. S. National Museum; paratype in the insect col-
lection of the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station.

Taxonomy: Syntormon kennedyi, n. sp., belongs in the group
of closely related species which includes pa/maris Lw. and utah-
ensis,n. sp. In palmaris Lw. (fig. 9) the third and fourth joints
of middle tarsi are greatly flattened, the second joint is entirely
white, whereas in kennedyi the third and fourth joints of middle
tarsi are noticeably, but not greatly, flattened and the second

3 Named in honor of Dr. C. H. Kennedy, professor of entomology at Ohio
State University.

24 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 2, FEB., 1942

joint is blackened on the apical half. In utahensis, n. sp., the
last four joints of middle tarsi are greatly flattened dorsoven-
trally, the second joint is entirely white and equal in length to
the third and fourth joints combined. Syntormon utahensis is
the only one of the above three species which has the posterior
tibiae wholly yellow.

Syntormon utahensis, n. sp.

Male.—Length, 3 mm.; of wing, 2.6 mm. Face moderately wide on upper
portion, narrowed below, silvery pollinose. Front metallic, blue, greenish above
base of antennae. Antennae (fig. 1) black; third joint pubescent, obliquely
truncate and pointed at tip; arista sub-apical, slightly longer than the third joint.
Orbital cilia white, the upper cilia are black and descend nearly one-half the eye
height.

Dorsum of thorax dull metallic green; pleurae greenish, dusted with white
pollen, the posterior margin yellow. Dorsum of abdomen black with bronze
reflections; lateral and ventral portions of four basal segments yellow. Hypo-
pygium embedded, without evident outer appendages.

Coxae, femora and tibiae wholly yellow. Fore coxae with minute pale hairs on
anterior surfaces and the usual black bristles at tips. Middle femora (fig. 5) with
a series of about 6 conspicuous black bristles along lower edge; fore tibiae with a
dense row of short, sharp black bristles along the inner anterior surface. Fore
tarsi blackened from the tip of second joint. First joint of middle tarsi (fig. 6)
long, stalk-like; second joint flattened, white; last three segments compressed,
velvety-black, the latter, together with the second joint form an elongate-oval
tip to the middle tarsi. Posterior tarsi blackened from the middle of second
segment, the basal half of the second segment and the first segment are brown,
the latter (fig. 10) bears a conspicuous, sinuous bristle on the lower edge near the
middle and a shorter, straight bristle slightly beyond the middle. Joints of fore
tarsi as 11-5-3-2144-2™; of middle tarsi as 16-5—-3-3-2; of posterior tarsi as
9-9-5-4-3. Halteres pale yellow; calypters yellow with narrow black apical
margin, and cilia pale.

Wings grayish hyaline, broadest opposite the tip of fifth vein; anal angle
evenly rounded, prominent.

Described from one male taken at Marysvale, Utah, June 20,
1940, by G. F. Knowlton and F. C. Harmston. Holotype de-
posited in the U. S. National Museum.

Taxonomy; Syntormon utahensis,n.sp.,is readily distinguished
from other species of the genus by having the last four segments
of the middle tarsi greatly compressed dorso-ventrally and in
possessing wholly yellow posterior tibiae. Syxtormon palmaris
Lw. and S. kennedyi, n. sp., might be confused with utahensis but
they differ in having the third and fourth joints of middle tarsi
laterally compressed and the posterior tibiae are blackened at
the apices.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 2, FEB., 1942 25

Crepes

COC COUPE ELLE

Syntormon utahensis, n. sp., male 1, 5-6, 10. S.oregonensis, n. sp., male, 2, 8.
S. kennedyi, n. sp., male, 3-4, 7, 11. S. palmaris Loew, male, 9.

Syntormon oregonensis, n. sp.

Male.—Length 3.2 mm.; of wing 3.5mm. Face moderately wide, silvery pol-
linose. Front metallic green. Antennae (fig. 2) black; third joint slightly longer
than wide, evenly rounded below; arista nearly apical, approximately twice the
length of third joint. Lower orbital cilia white; upper cilia black, descend about
one-third the eye height.

Dorsum of thorax metallic green; pleurae greenish with thick white pollen.
Abdomen wholly dark metallic green, the dorsum with deep bronze reflections.
Hypopygium embedded.

Fore coxae yellow, the anterior surfaces with conspicuous white hairs; middle
and hind coxae black. Femora yellow, the posterior pair blackened on apical
third. Fore and middle tibiae yellow; posterior tibiae black, gradually thickened
from beyond the basal third, the outer surface clothed with conspicuous black
hairsand bristles. Fore tarsi blackened from the tip of first joint; middle and hind
tarsi wholly black, the former of plain structure; posterior basitarsi (fig. 8) with a
prominent sinuous bristle on the lower surface near the middle, and two shorter,
straight bristles slightly beyond the middle. Joints of fore tarsi as 10—5—5—3-3;
of middle tarsi as 12—5—5—4—3; of posterior tarsi as 8-8—6—5—4. Calypters and
halteres yellow, the former with narrow black apical margin and pale cilia.

Wings grayish hyaline; anal angle moderately prominent, evenly rounded.

26 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 2, FEB., 1942

Described from one male collected at Portland, Oregon, Sep-
tember 5, 1940, by F. C. and V. H. Harmston. Holotype de-
posited in the U. S. National Museum.

Taxonomy: Syntormon oregonensis, n. sp., is readily distin-
guished from other described species of the genus by the wholly
black posterior tibiae together with the yellow fore and middle
femora; no other known species of Syntormon occurring in
North America has the above combination of leg colors. It is
much like affinis Wheeler in general appearance, but in that
species the fore coxae are wholly darkened and the posterior
tibiae are blackened only ou the apical third.

THE TAXONOMIC STATUS OF THE SO-CALLED “COMMON
RED SPIDER.”’’

By E. A. McGrecor,
Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. S. Department of Agriculture.

ABSTRACT

For many years the term “common red spider” has been applied to what was
believed to be a single, widespread species of spinning mite of the genus Tefra-
nychus. The scientific name Tetranychus telarius (L.) has been most commonly
applied to this presumably single species. From the information now available
it is indicated that the species T. te/arius (L.) is not present in the United States
and that the term “common red spider” has been applied indiscriminately to
two species, 7. a/thaeae Von Hanst. and T. bimaculatus Harv.

In 1758 Linnaeus ! described a mite from the linden tree in Europe under the
name Acarus telarius. The species was later referred to the genus Tetranychus,
although Linnaeus’ description was so vague that it might have applied to
almost any spinning mite, and it would be impossible to establish the identity of
telarius with reasonable certainty if it were not for the fact that Linnaeus
recorded the linden tree as its natural host.

In 1901 Von Hanstein ® described a mite (Tetranychus althaeae)
from hollyhock in Europe. In addition to Von Hanstein, Tra-
gardh * and Zacher * showed that T. a/thaeae is very distinct
fees T. telarius. The author has studied named specimens of
these mites, sent to him by Zacher and others, and finds them
to be distinct, one from the other.

With the establishment of the morphological differences be-
tween Tetranychus telarius and T. althaeae, observations were

1 Syst. Nat. (ed. 10), vol. 1, 1758, p. 616.

2 Ztschr. f. Wiss. Zool., vol. 70, 1901, p. 74, pl. 6, figs. 1, 2, 4, 5.

3 [Sweden] Centralanst. for Férsdksv. pa Talk e Meddel. 109,
No. 20, 1915, pp. 42, 43, figs. 19, 20.

4K. Biol. Anst. f. Land u. Forstw., Mitt., No. 14, 1913, pp. 39-40.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 2, FEB., 1942 27

recorded as to the host plants on which they occurred in Europe.
The former was found to occur chiefly on linden and maple; the
latter, on hollyhock, violet, garden beans, hops, and many an-
nual plants in greenhouses.

In the course of the routine work of identifying spinning
mites, the writer has accumulated data on the species occurring
throughout the United States. The “linden mite,” Tetranychus
telarius (L.) (as accepted by Zacher, Von Hanstein, and Tra-
gardh), has never been identified from America. A spinning
mite has frequently been received from various parts of the
Unites States and from Canada and Hawaii which appears to be
identical with T. a/thaeae Von Hanst.

In addition to Tetranychus althaeae, a mite is often received
from many points in the United States which is closely related
to it. This mite, T. dimaculatus Harv., was described by Har-
vey *® in 1893 from a variety of cultivated plants at Orono,
Maine. The writer has examined named specimes of dimacu-
latus collected by Harvey at the type locality (Orono, Maine).
In addition, he has studied material from Orono recently re-
ceived from Dr. F. H. Lathrop. Although, as above stated,
this mite is very closely related to T. althaeae, it appears to
differ consistently in the form of the penis and in the structure
of the tarsal appendages of leg I of the male. Therefore it is
believed that Harvey’s name (T. dimaculatus) is a valid one.

Actually it is difficult to say whether Tetranychus althaeae or
T. bimaculatus is the more common species in the United States.
Both these mites have been identified from numerous localities
in many parts of the United States, and occasionally from Can-
ada. Of the lots of these two species in the writer’s collection,
63 percent are of bimaculatus and 37 percent are of althaeae.
These figures should not be taken too seriously, however, since
many lots of mites examined were not retained by the writer.

In the case of several American mites of the genus Terra-
nychus, the female individuals are so alike that no means of
identifying them specifically has yet been discovered. This has
led to much confusion in the way of incorrect citations of species
in the literature, especially since female specimens were usually
sent to specialists for study. Since access to male spinning mites
is necessary for accurate identifications, and since the male
structure has been known and employed only in recent years,
it follows that the earlier references in the literature can carry
little weight as to the species concerned. Color variations due
to differences in host plants have also been a factor adding to
the confusion.

When the foregoing facts are considered, it would seem indi-
cated that published references to the so-called “common red

5 Maine Agr. Expt. Sta. Ann. Rpt. for 1892, pub. 1893, p. 133, pl. 3, figs. 1-4.

28 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 2, FEB., 1942

spider” can be of little assistance in determining which species
has been most commonly reported in the United States.

Finally, it may be repeated that the writer agrees with several
leading acaridologists of Europe that Tetranychus (Eotetra-
nychus) telarius (1..) of Europe cannot be identical with the
American mite known commonly under fe/arius and bimacu-
latus.

In Plate 2 are shown the differences in the structure of the
penis and tarsal appendages as between Tetranychus telarius,
T. althaeae, and T. bimaculatus. Briefly, these differences may
be presented as follows:

Tetranychus telarius (L.).

Penis.—Basilar lobe a mere obtuse-angled prominence, shaft gradually atten-
uated, ending in a thin tip without barb, curving very slightly upward. Tip of
tarsus: Distal element (corresponding to the main claw) straight, relatively
weak, the proximal portion (analogous to the deflexed spurs in certain genera)
almost three times as thick at base as distal spur, split nearly two-thirds its
length into six subequal, distinct spurs, these in two series of three each.

Tetranychus althaeae Von Hanst.

Penis.—Basilar lobe approximately right-angled, shaft about five times as thick
proximally as thickness of hook, which is bent upward about 90 degrees from
axis of shaft, hook terminating in a conspicuous barb which bears an acute tip
both anteriorly and posteriorly. Tip of tarsus: Distal element (corresponding
to the main claw) straight and relatively weak, the proximal portion little more
than twice as thick at base as distal spur, split for a short distance into six
closely appressed spurs which are graduated in length, the ventralmost pair the
longest, these proximal spurs in two series of three each.

Tetranychus bimaculatus Harv.

Penis —Basilar lobe a narrowly rounded boss, directed upward and backward,
shape of shaft and hook similar to that of a/thaeae, but with all parts relatively
smaller, hook terminating in a small barb which bears an acute tip anteriorly,
but having a barely discernible boss posteriotly. Tip of tarsus: Distal claw
element much like that of a/thaeae, the proximal portion about three times as
thick at base as distal spur, and comprising mainly the two ventralmost paired
spurs, the other four spurs barely discernible.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44 PLATE 2

EXPLANATION OF PLATE.

Tetranychus bimaculatus, T. althaeae, and T. telarius.

Figs. 1 and 2. Tip of tarsus of o leg I and penis, respectively, of T. bimaculatus.
Figs. 3 and 4. Tip of tarsus of & leg I and penis, respectively, of T. althaeae.
Figs. 5 and 6. Tip of tarsus of o leg I and penis, respectively, of T. telarius.

(All figures drawn with aid of camera lucida. Enlargement of Figs. 2 and 4
is identical.) :

[29]

can

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44

(¢

ATE J

LEE WEBB

SSE

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 2, FEB., 1942 31

JESSE LEE WEBB.
1878-1942.

The interesting and varied entomological career of Jesse Lee
Webb was brought to a close when he was called by death on
January 20, 1942.

One of fe outstanding characteristics was his willingness to
encourage and assist younger entomologists. He was also adept
at popularizing entomology as exemplified by his “Cotton or
Weevils,”’ issued as Miscellaneous Publication No. 35 of the
United States Department of Agriculture in collaboration with
F. A. Merrill. This publication was referred to by a leading
editor of the Department as the best primer on insects he had
read.

Mr. Webb was born at Bloomington, Illinois, April 9, 1878.
At the age of 5 his family moved to Rippey, Iowa, where he re-
ceived his early education. He entered Washington State Col-
lege in 1895 and received the B. S. degree there in 1900. In the
fall of 1901 he was employed as a student assistant in the then
Bureau of Forestry and worked under the tutelage of Dr. A. D.
Hopkins, who was then Entomologist of the West Virginia State
University. Mr. Webb received the M. S. degree from that
institution in 1902.

On July 1, 1902, Dr. Hopkins was placed in charge of the
Forest Insect Investigations of the then Division of Entomology,
and Mr. Webb continued to work with him until May, 1903.

His first field assignment was for work on forest insects in the
Black Hills of South Dakota during the summer of 1902.

In the winter of 1902 the organization Of the Section of
Forest Insect Investigations was completed on a regional basis.
Mr. Webb, who had been made Assistant Forest Expert, was
assigned to the Rocky Mountain States, Dr. H. E. Burke to
the Pacific States, Mr. W. F. Fiske to the Southern States, and
Dr. Hopkins to the Central, Atlantic, and New England States.
The taxonomic and biologic work was also divided among these
men, Mr. Webb taking the roundheaded borers, Dr. Burke the
flatheaded borers, Mr. Fiske the predators and parasites of
forest insects, and Dr. Hopkins the bark weevils and bark
beetles.

In May, 1903, Mr. Webb received an appointment as Ento-
mologist under the Philippine Insular Government for the in-
vestigation of forest insect problems. He resigned on August 31
of that year and returned to New York via the Suez Canal.

Immediately after his return he was appointed to continue
laboratory and field research on forest insects under Dr. Hop-
kins’ direction until 1912. These investigations were conducted
in a number of western and southern States and in Washington,

32 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 2, FEB., 1942

D. C., and resulted in the publication of several taxonomic, eco-
logic and popular articles.

Upon being transferred to the Division of Southern Field Crop
Insect Investigation February 1, 1912, Mr. Webb took up stud-
ies of insects injurious to growing rice in Arkansas and Louis-
jana. The results were published in Farmers’ Bulletin 1086. The
summer of 1914 was spent in Florida investigating control of the
tobacco bud worm. Scme time was devoted to boll weevil in-
vestigations at Tallulah, Louisiana, during the summer of 1915,
and later to tests of chemicals for the control of house flies in
manure with headquarters at Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The
biology of the cluster fly, Pollenia rudis Fab., a parasite of earth-
worms, was worked out during 1916, and in August of that year
he was assigned to investigate the horse fly problem in the irri-
gated Antelope Valley of Nevada and California. Results of
these studies were published jointly with R. W. Wells in Bulletin
1218 of the United States Department of Agriculture.

During subsequent years he collaborated with the writer in a
series of annual reviews of mosquito work throughout the world
which were published in the Proceedings of the New Jersey Mos-
quito Extermination Association. His more important con-
tributions to entomological literature totaled 18 bulletins and
articles.

In March, 1919, Mr. Webb was made assistant leader of the
Division of Southern Field Crop Insect Investigations. During
the several succeeding years he served as “Acting in Charge”
of the Division while Dr. W. D. Hunter, Chief of the Division,
spent most of the time directing the pink bollworm eradication
efforts in Texas and Louisiana. On July 1, 1926, the Division
of Southern Field Crop Insect Investigations was broken up,
and Mr. Webb continued in charge of the Washington office of
the Cotton Insect Division until 1927, when the Division of In-
sects Affecting Man and Animals was created, and he became
assistant chief of that Division, which position he held until 1935.
Since that time he has been a member of the staff of that Divis-
ion of the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine.

Mr. Webb was a member of the American Association for the
Advancement of Science, the American Association of Eco-
nomic Entomologists, and the Entomological Society of Wash-
ington. He was a member of and did active work in the Colum-
bia Heights Christian Church, and for many years a member of
its choir.

In 1904 Mr. Webb was married to Florence Evans, and he is
survived by his widow and only son, Delmar Evans Webb.

Many will miss the helpful words and friendly smile of this
loyal, Christian gentleman.—F. C. BisHopp.

Actual date of publication, February 28, 1942.

— ee ee

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CONTENTS

BRELAND, OSMOND P.—DIPTEROUS PARASITES OF ADULT MANTIDS (uasmDA;
cape Caapaiae Weiss Ny ae Le netcl cae Malg har POUL unan tis er Ue Man Se

MC GREGOR, E. ioe TAXONOMIC STATUS OF THE SO-CALLED ‘
RED) SPIDER 5 ce iene hie TORR at T ed Melle EAR cata Mie Coen eres TU eg

REINHARD, H, J.—A NEW PARASITIC MUSCOID FLY FROM TEXAS.

March, 1942 No. 3

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ENTOMOLOGICAL Society oF WASHINGTON

VOL. 44 MARCH, 1942 Now 3

OBITUARY.
Atonzo Crayton Davis (1901-1942).

Alonzo C. Davis, Assistant Entomologist of the Division of
Truck Crop and Garden Insect Investigations, stationed at
Beltsville, Maryland, died suddenly on Surday, January 4, 1942.
Mr. Davis was born in Honolulu, T. H., on March 4, 1901, and
was the son of Harry C. and Harriett O’Connell Davis. He is
survived by his wife, the former Mary Elizabeth DeVries-
Van Doesburgh, and four children: Alice 12, Harry 10, Henry 2
and Virginia Ann 244 months. Mr. Davis attended the Uni-
versity of California, receiving the degree of B. A. in 1926 and
eeovl. A. in 1927.

His first assignment in the Bureau of Entomology and Plant
Quarantine was an appointment as agent on pepper weevil
investigations conducted in southern California in cooperation
with the University of California. On June 1, 1931, he received
an appointment as Assistant Entomologist and assigned to
mushroom insect investigations at Arlington, Virginia, later
being transferred to Beltsville, Maryland.

While still very young he became intensely interested in
natural history, especially in Coleoptera and insect fauna of
the desert and also of the rodent habitats. At the age of 13,
he started collecting beetles and at 15 he published the first of
a series of a dozen or more articles on Coleoptera. The late
Dr. H. C. Fall was one of his teachers at che Pasadena High
Schoo!, California, and it was through this association that he
became so interested in Coleoptera. This influence continued
throughout his entire life and he sent much of his material to
Dr. Fall for determination or verification.

Early in his career he was a very active collector but later his
duties in connection with the economic phases of the mushroom
insect project and other interests gave him little opportunity
to work with his hobby. While he collected Coleoptera in
general, members of the Scarabaeid genus Pleocoma held his
interest, resulting in a revision of the genus in 1934-35. Other
groups of beetles which were of special interest were: Cicindeli-
dae, Coccinellidae, Acmaeodera (Buprestidae), and the Rhy n-
chophora. At the time of his death he had in manuscript

34 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 3, MAR., 1942

form a nearly complete paper on a revision of the Ophryastini
(weevils), based mainly on material in the National Museum,
and his co-workers plan to complete and publish this paper.

Mr. Davis also published articles on other subjects of natural
interest, including Orthoptera, Isoptera, faunas of Neotoma
nests and Citellus burrows. In his official work with the Bureau,
he specialized on the biology and control of mites and mushroom
flies. To Mr. Davis and his co-workers in chemistry must go
the credit for developing and refining a method of mushroom
house fumigation with sulfur, which saves material and prac-
tically eliminates the fire hazard.

Another hobby of recent years was rifle and pistol-shooting
with muzzle-loading guns reminiscent of early American history.
Being a charter member of the Department of Agriculture
Rifle and Pistol Club, which he helped to organize and concinued
to promote until his death, he participated in the Club’s rifle
and pistol matches, using his out-moded muzzle-loaders in
favorable competition with members shooting with the up-to-
date types.

He was well-liked by all his associates and his pleasing per-
sonality and keen sense of humor will be missed by his com-
panions on the range and in the laboratory. He also served
two enlistments in the California National Guard, the first in
Company H, 160th Infantry, and the second in Company D,
159th Infantry.

Mr. Davis had a genius for developing gadgets and equip-
ment which he used in his research work. He was fond of
wearing his kilts and playing the bagpipes in his Scottish clan
affiliations.

Mr. Davis’s service was characterized by a sincere devotion
to duty and an inherent desire to do a thorough job of whatever
he undertook. While his career was short, he left behind him
an excellent record not only in the Bureau but with the mush-
room industry, for he worked very closely with the representa-
tives of this line of work.

Mr. Davis was an active member of the American Association
of Economic Entomologists, the Pacific Coast Entomological
Society, the Brooklyn Entomological Society, the Entomo-
logical Society of America, and the Entomological Society of
Washington.

Tue Wririncs or Mr. Davis Are As Fotiows:

1916. The Genus Pleocoma. Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc., 11:1, 11-12.

1917. A few rare beetles found in logs near Pasadena. Lorquinia, 1:6, 41.
Insect collecting on a mountain trail. Lorquinia, 2:3, 17-18.

1918. Notes on Pleocoma II. Bull. Brook, Ent. Soc., 13:5, 116-117,

1927.

1928.

19S:
ORE

1934.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 3, MAR., 1942 35

. Larva and pupa of Desmocerus californicus Horn. (with J. A. Comstock.)

Bull. So. Cal. Acad. Sci., 22: pt. 6, 179-181.

. Neoclytus carus and modestus. Pan-Pac. Ent., 1:4, 169.
. Pleocoma behrensi. Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc., 1:3, 110.
. Habits of Cymatodera decipiens Fall. Pan-Pac. Ent., 2:3,. 126.

Notes on the Genus Stenope/matus with a description of a new species.
(with L. M. Smith.) Pan—Pac. Ent., 2:4, 174-180.

Preparation of Soft-bodied insects. Pan—Pac. Ent., 2:4, 180.

A luminous Zarhipis (Coleoptera). Pan—Pac. Ent., 2:4, 210.

Ciliated epithelium in the Insecta. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 20:3, 359-362.

Studies of the anatomy and histology of Stenopelmatus fuscus Hald.
Univ. of Calif. Pubs. in Ent., 4:7, 159-208.

Southern California collecting notes. Pan—Pac. Ent., 4:4, 183.

A note on the parasitism of Hippodamia. Pan-—Pac. Ent., 4:4, 184.
Desmocerus californicus Horn. Pan-—Pac. Ent., 4:4, 191.

A new Cicindela (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae). Pan—Pac. Ent., 5:2, 65-66.

. A correction. Pan—Pac. Ent., 5:3, 100.

Diabrotica balteata again. Pan—Pac. Ent., 5:3, 116.

Notes on Coptotermes bornensis Oshima (Isoptera). A study in descrip-
tion of the termite soldier. Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria, 42: pt. 1, (n. s.),
53-61.

Two new species of Coptotermes Wasmann (Isoptera). (with S. F. Light.)
Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria, 42: pt. 1 (n. s.), 62-70.

California collecting notes II]. Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc., 26:4, 187-188.

A list of the Coleoptera of Fort Tejon, California. Bull. So. Calif.
AcadeSct, oillipt.3) 75=8/7-

Two new species of Pleocoma (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae.) Proc. Ent.
Soc; Washi, 3621, 23>25.

Notes on the insect inhabitants of wood rat houses in California. Bull.
Son Califs Acad: Ser, 332 pt. 1, 1=13-

Notes on some insects found in the burrows of the California ground

squirrel in Orange County, California. (with K. D. Sloop.) Bull.
Brook. Ent. Soc., 29:2, 79-83.

The pepper weevil. (with J. C. Elmore and R. E. Campbell). U. S.
D. A. Tech. Bull. 447, 27 pp.

The Coleoptera of Santa Cruz Island, California. (with H. C. Fall.)
Can. Ent., 66:6, 143-144.

A new variety of Pleocoma. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 36:4, 88-89.

Sulphur fumigation of mushroom houses. (with H. D. Young.) Jour.
Econ. Ent., 27:2, 518-525.

Distribution of oxygen and carbon dioxide in mushroom compost heaps
as affecting microbial thermogenesis, acidity, and moisture therein.
(with E. B. Lambert.) Jour. Agr. Res., 48:7, 587-601.

1935. A revision of the Genus Pleocoma. Bull. So. Calif. Acad. Sci., 33:3,

123-130; 34:1, 4-36.

L935"

IWR

1938.

1940.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 3, MAR., 1942

Note upon insects found in mushroom houses. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
36:8-9, 269.

Myllocerus (Corygetus?) castaneus Roelofs. Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc., 30:1,
19:

Cyanide fumigation of mushroom houses. (with H. V. Claborn.) U. S.
D. A. Cir. 364, 9 pp.

Sulphur fumigation for the control of mushroom pests. (with H. D.
Young.) Jour. Econ. Ent., 28:2, 459-465.

Insect pest control for the amateur mushroom grower. U. S. D. A.
Bul. Ent. & Plant Quar. Mimeo. Cir. E-347.

The prevention of infestations of insects and other pests in commercial
mushroom houses. U. S. D. A. Bur. Ent. & Plant Quar. Mimeo.
Cir. E-340.

An improved sulphur burner for mushroom house fumigation. U. S.
D. A. Bur. Ent. & Plant Quar. Mimeo. Cir. E-332.

Observations on the life history of Paratritoza cockerelli (Sulc), in Southern
California. Jour. Econ. Ent., 30:2, 377-378.

Tyrogly phus longior Gerv. on cultivated mushrooms. Jour. Econ. Ent.,
30:6, 968-969.

A cell for rearing mites. U.S. D. A. Bur. Ent. & Plant Quar. Mimeo.
Cir. ET-95.

Further notes on cyanide fumigation of mushroom houses. Jour. Econ.,
Ent., 31:6, 777-778.

Mushroom pests and their control. U.S. D. A. Cir. 457, 21 pp. (Revised
Dec., 1941.)

Tarsonemus spp. attacking mushrooms. Jour. Econ. Ent., 31:4, 547.

Notes on Dinapate wrightii Horn (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Proc.
Ent. Soc. Wash., 42:6, 129-134.

Controlling rose thrips. American Rose Annual, 25, 106-107.

. Insects and other pests. pp. 31-36, in Farmers’ Bulletin 1875 (Mushroom

growing in the United States).
Tyrogly phus lintneri Osb. as a pest of cultivated mushrooms. (In press.)
The control of the fower thrips on outdoor roses. (In press.)
Land slugs and snails and their control. (with W. H. White.) (In press.)
California buckeye as an ant poison. (In press.)
A. WEIGEL.
Bortrimer.

C.
eels
L. L. BucHANAN.

ALONZO CLAYTON

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 3, MAR., 1942 39

A NEW SPECIES OF HIPPODAMIA FROM MEXICO (COLEOP-
TERA, COCCINELLIDAE).
By P. H. TimBerLake,
University of California Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside, California.
Hippodamia koebelei, n. sp.
Hippodamia convergens, var., Gorham, 1891, Biol. Centr. Amer. 7, p. 153, pl. 8,
fig. 24 (at least in part).

Exactly resembling in size and coloration the immaculate variety of Hippo-
damia convergens and hitherto confused with it, but easily distinguished in the
male sex by the dilated front and middle basitarsi. The female is hardly dis-
tinguishable except by the more or less uncertain character of having the pale
border of the pronotum narrower and more even throughout.

Head black, the outer surface of mandibles and a transverse band on frons
between the eyes, yellowish white. The frontal band dilated into a triangle or
oval at middle and sometimes dilated also at each end. Pronotum black, with
the anterior and lateral margins, rather narrowly and evenly, and two conver-
gent marks on the disk, yellowish white. Elytra flavous or red, with a small
yellowish white mark on each side of the scutellum at the base, and usually not
marked otherwise except by a linear sutural spot at scutellum, which is black.
In one specimen there is a small rather nubilous black dot on the disk just
behind the middle and at inner third. Under surface of the body and the legs
black, the mes- and metepimera white. Antennae testaceous brown, becoming
darker at apex. Pronotum and elytra very finely and obscurely punctured as
in convergens.

Length of o, 5.0-6.5 mm.; of 2, 6.0-6.9 mm.

Median lobe of tegmen (male aedeagus) triangular, tapering from base to
apex, subdepressed, rather abruptly bent downward at an angle of about 45°
at a point slightly beyond the middle, and with a low, rounded subcarinate
crest on each side at the angulation, the surface between the crests concave or
grooved. Paramera rather broad, with a narrow laminate inflexed margin on
the dorsal edge. The ventral edge somewhat expanding from the beginning of
second fifth of the length and beyond this point also densely ciliate. Sipho much
as in H. sinuata, but besides the paired subapical flaps, there are two rod-like
dorsal filaments, which are about as long as the flaps, strongly divergent, and
well chitinized, but ending in a somewhat expanded membranous part.

Described from 5@, 12 (holotype @, allotype and para-
types), Mexico City, May 22 and 27), 1922) (E. Gy Smythe selict
(paratype), Mexico City (O. W. Barrett); 12 (paratype)
Oaxaca, Mexico (L. O. Howard); 1 (paratype), Las Vigas,
Mexico (Hoege); 1 2 )paratype( Mt. Diabola, Puebla, Mexico,
July 29, 1901 (R. H. Hay); 12 (paratype) Durango, Durango,
Mexico (F. C. Bishopp); and lo, 1? (paratypes) Mexico
(Koebele, No. 1687). “Common on pine and fir trees, base of
Popocatepetl, Mex., May 1897, and feeding upon aphis.”

Types in U.S. Nagin Museum, Cat. No. 55902, except the
last female recorded above which belongs to the Koebele col-
Iection., © 9° % =

40 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 3, MAR., 1942

NEW DORYLINE, CERAPACHYINE AND PONERINE ANTS FROM
THE IMATONG MOUNTAINS, ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN.!

By Neat A. WEBER,
University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota.

The following species of the subfamilies Dorylinae, Cera-
pachyinae and Ponerinae were the new species of their genera
in a collection of about 125 species of ants which I made in the
Imatong Mountains, Anglo-Kgyptian Sudan, in 1939. The
southern foothills of these mountains cross Latitude 4° North
into the Uganda frontier and extend east from Longitude
32° 30’ East. The ants are described at the present time in
order to use their names in an ecological study of plant zones
and animals in these mountains.” The biology and relationships
of the ants are treated in that study. The species described
below have affinities mostly with the West African rain forest
and the East African scrub plains faunas but there is a South
African element (Opthalmopone) and a species (Anochetus
sudanicus) with Mediterranean affinities.

In the present paper a measurement introduced in 1938*
and generally used since then by the author 1s added as a com-
plement to the total length measurement of common usage.
This latter is often inaccurately made because of the variable
extension of the gastric segments and the contorted position
in which dead ants are found or measured. The present
measurement may be called the thoracic length and 1s taken
in a straight line from the anterior pronotal margin to the
apex of the episternal angles. It is the longest measurement
which can be made of a rigid structure in ants and hence
minimizes the per cent of error.

AENICTUS.
Aenictus mentu, sp. nov.
(Fig. 2.)
W orker.—Extended length 1.7-2.5 mm. (of thorax, excluding collar or neck,

0.50-0.77 mm.).
Worker maxima.—Head strictly in front view, excluding mandibles, 1.05

1 The identification of the ants of this collection was facilitated by grants
from the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Philo-
sophical Society. I am also indebted to the authorities of the British Museum
(Natural History), Museum of Comparative Zoology, American Museum of
Natural History and United States National Museum for courtesies extended
on my visits to these institutions.

2 Weber, N. A. 1941. Plant zones and the ecology of animals, chiefly ants, on
Central African mountains. Year Book, Amer. Phil. Soc., 1940, pp. 271-272
(Summary).

3 Weber, N. A., 1938. The biology of the fungus-growing ants. Part IV.
Additional new forms. Revista Ent.9:155 (footnote), fig. 17 (p. 171).

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 3, MAR., 1942 4]

times longer than wide; occipital margin transversely truncate, sides feebly
convex and reaching widest distance apart at a level opposite the clavate part
of antennal scape; anterior clypeal margin transverse but interrupted by the
convex anterior carinate portion of each antennal scrobe; eyeless; mandibles
small, stout, convex, with a long, acutely pointed apical tooth and three denticles
of variable development; antennal scapes clavate, bent near the middle and
extending posteriorly slightly past mid-line of head. 2d funicular joint longer
than broad, 3d—7th gradually increasing in comparative breadth to distinctly
broader than long. Dorsal part of thorax from above about 2.84 times longer
than broad when excluding collar or neck, broadest through pronotum whose
sides are feebly convex; in side view flat on top except for gentle and feeble
impression in mesoépinotal region; epinotal declivity a rounded obtuse angle.
Petiole from above rectangular, about 1.56 times longer than broad; in side
view with evenly convex dorsum. Postpetiole from above ovate, as broad as
long; in side view flat on top. Gaster ovate. Legs short, femora incrassate.
Smooth and shining, epinotum and anterior part of petiole shallowly punctate.
Pilosity of short, moderately abundant yellow hairs mostly reclinate and
directed backwards. Pale ferruginous, minima workers yellow.

Of the habitus of rotundatus Mayr but differing especially in
petiolar proportions. Described from one colony (No. 1436)
which I took in the Imatong Mts., AE. Sudan, August 4 at
an elevation of about 4,200 feet. The ants were in a termite
nest (Amitermes (A.) evuncifer Silv.). This army ant is dedi-
cated to the Egyptian war god, Mentu, whose influence is at
the present time widespread.

CERAPACHYS.

Cerapachys (C.) pigra, sp. nov.
(Fig. 11.)

Worker —Extended length, including mandibles, 4.4-4.8 mm. (of thorax

1.4 mm.). Head strictly in front view excluding mandibles, slightly longer
than broad, occipital margin feebly convex, sides more strongly convex and
attaining greatest width apart back of eyes, anterior clypeal margin evenly
convex; frontal carinae extended feebly backwards to a level with the eyes;
antennal! scrobes bordered laterally by a low rounded carina terminating anter-
iorly as a blunt tooth; eyes situated slightly in front of middle, feeble convex,
0.19 mm. in diameter; mandibles stout, trigonal, without distinct denticles on
biting margins; antennal scapes clavate, extending back of eyes; funicular
joints 2-10 strongly tranverse, terminal joint 0.18 x 0.45 mm. Dorsal surface
of thorax from above rectangular, 0.60 x 1.12 mm., thickest through epinotum;
epinotal declivity bordered laterally and dorsally by a feeble, rounded carina
between which the surface is smooth and flat. Petiole from above broader than
long, sides convex, converging anteriorly, 0.51 x 0.62 mm. Postpetiole from
above broader than long, sides convex, converging anteriorly, 0.58 x 0.79 mm.
Gaster ovate, Ist segment slightly broader than long. Legs moderately short.

42 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH.,/VOL. 44, NO. 3, MAR., 1942

Shining, with coarse shallow, setigerous punctations which are largest on the
pedicel, and very fine, shallow punctations visible under higher magnification.
Hairs sparse but covering the body evenly, yellowish, appressed. Black,
appendages dark brown.

Described from workers of one colony (No. 1374) which I
took in the Imatong Mts., AE. Sudan, July 31 at an elevation
of about 3,800 feet. The ants were traveling in an irregular
file two or three abreast over stony ground.

Cerapachys (C.) sudanensis, sp. nov.
(Figs. 1 and 12.)
Worker —Extended length with mandibles 2.8-3.8 mm. (of thorax 0.78-0.90

mm.) Head strictly in front view, excluding mandibles, 1 1/6 times longer
than broad, occipital margin transverse, sides feebly convex, anterior clypeal
margin transverse except where notched between projecting frontal carinae;
antennal scrobes bordered laterally by a low, convex lateral carina which ‘is
rounded ana terminates anteriorly as a blunt tooth; eyes feebly convex, situated
slightly back of middle of head, about 0.14 mm. in diameter; mandible stout, tri-
gonal, without distinct denticles; antennal scapes stout, clavate, extending to a
level with the posterior margin of the eyes; joints 2-8 of funiculus strongly trans-
verse, 9th joint much larger than preceding, terminal joint 0.17 x 0.36 mm.
Thorax in side view feebly convex in front, from above broadest through epino-
tum where slightly convex laterally; epinotal declivity bordered laterally and
dorsally by a low carina between which the surface is smooth and flat. Dorsal
surface of petiole about 1.4 times broader than long, sides feebly convex,
posterior margin produced medially as a slight convex lobe. Postpetiole from
above about 1.4 times broader than petiole and about 1.4 times broader than
long. Ist gastric segment slightly longer than broad. Legs moderately short.
Shining, covered uniformly with setigerous punctations which are coarsest on
pedicel. Uniformly covered with moderately abundant reclinate, fine, yellowish
hairs. Black, appendages brown, becoming paler distally.

Described from workers of one colony (No. 1363) which I
took in the _Imatong Mts., A.-E. Sudan, at an elevation of
about 6,000 feet. The ants were traveling in single file to a hole.

OPTHALMOPONE.
Opthalmopone berthoudi Forel, pubescens, ssp. nov.

WW orker.—Extended length with mandibles 11.8 mm. (of thorax including
collar or neck 4.33 mm.). Differing from Victoria Falls, S. Rhodesia workers
of the typical form chiefly as follows: eyes slightly smaller (0.75 mm. diameter),
longitudinal medial impression of epinotal basal surface less distinct, posterior

margin of petiolar node distinctly less carinate, more rounded; appressed
pubescence of body distinctly more abundant, the pubescence one to
the head and pronotum.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 3, MAR., 1942 43

Holotype: One worker (No. 1297) which I took July 23 at
an elevation of 2,800 ft. on the plains at the east base of the
Imatong Mts., A.-E. Sudan.

EUPONERA.
Euponera (Mesoponera) dentis, sp. nov.
(Fig. 9.)

Dealate Female.—Extended length including mandibles 5.2 mm. (of thorax
1.7 mm.). Head, excluding mandibles, 1 1/7 times longer than broad, occipital
margin transverse, sides slightly convex, widest apart back of eyes, anterior
clypeal margin feebly convex, clypeus with a rounded medial carina which
terminates anteriorly above the anterior clypeal margin as a distinct tooth or
rounded angle, continuing posteriorly from the clypeal carina is a distinct
line between the frontal carinae which ends in front of the median ocellus
as a groove; frontal carina short, ending at a level just posterior to the eyes;
eyes feebly convex, situated less than their diameters from the mandibular
insertions, 0.21 mm. in greatest diameter; mandibles trigonal, with 8 irregular
teeth and a suggestion of a 9th, the apical tooth being Jong and acute, the others
much smaller; antennal scapes not quite reaching occipital angles; funicular
joints 2-4 about as broad as long, 5-8 broader than long. Epinotal declivity
not angulate, rounded and marginate on sides. Petiolar node cuneate, antero-
posteriorly compressed above, anterior face convex from above, posterior
face fat. Gaster short, dorsum of Ist segment shorter than 2d. Legs moder-
ately short and slender. Finely and densely punctate, gaster sub-lucid, man-
dibles smooth and shining. Covered uniformly with a thick, short, appressed
yellowish pubescence and sparse, longer upright yellowish hairs most numerous
on gaster. Dark brown, appendages paler.

Holotype: One dealate female (No. 1452) which I took in
the Lotti Forest of the Imatong Mts., A.-E. Sudan August 5.
This species has a petiolar node like imgesta Wheeler but
thinner at apex. The apical mandibular tooth is much longer.

Euponera (Mesoponera) flavopilosa, sp. nov.
(Fig. 10.)

Dealate Female.—Extended length including mandibles 6-7 mm. (of thorax
2.3 mm.). Head, excluding mandibles, rectangular in front view, | 1/6 times
longer than broad; occipital margin transverse, feebly impressed medially;
sides subparallel, feebly convex back of eyes; anterior clypeal margin sinuate in
front with a median tooth; frontal carinae feeble, extending to a level with the
middle of the eyes; median frontal groove continued posteriorly to the median
ocellus pit; eyes feebly convex, 0.29 mm. in greatest diameter; mandibles long,
narrow and trigonal with a long acute apical tooth and about 11 denticles;
antennal scapes slender, exceeding occipital corners by their distal diameters;
all funicular joints distinctly longer than broad. Epinotal declivity plane, not
marginate, feebly impressed dorsally. Petiolar node cuneate, high and narrow,
twice as high as thick at base in side view, anterior surface feebly convex,

44 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 3, MAR., 1942

posterior surface plane, dorsal surface convex. Gaster small, Ist segment wider
than long and distinctly longer than 2d segment. Legs moderately short and
slender. Shining, finely punctate, mandibles feebly striate. Pubescence
reclinate, abundant on head, thinner elsewhere. Pilosity of yellow hairs
comparatively numerous on petiole and gaster, more scanty on head and
thorax. Dark brown, appendages paler.

Holotype: One female (No. 1439) which I took in the Lotti
Forest of the Imatong Mts., A.-E. Sudan August 5.

PONERA.

Ponera coarctata (Latr.), tmatongica, ssp. nov.
(Fig. 3.)

W orker.—Length extended 2.7-2.8 mm. (of thorax 0.8 mm.). Head in
front view, excluding mandibles, 1.2 times longer than broad, occipital margin
feebly impressed, sides and anterior clypeal margin moderately convex, frontal
lobes small, convex, frontal carinae shorter than the lobes and divided by a
short, deep groove; eyes minute, hardly to be distinguished from a punctation;
mandibles elongate, trigonal, with about 8 denticles of irregular development
and a longer, acute apical tooth; antennal scapes failing to reach occipital
corners by a distance about equal to their distal diameters. Thorax from above
thickest through pronotum, the latter being evenly convex laterally and an-
teriorly, epinotal sides subparallel, epinotal declivity with sides marginate.
Petiolar node from above evenly convex anteriorly, sides convex, posterior
margin feebly concave. Ist gastric segment from above broader than long.
2d segment longer than Ist. Legs moderately long and slender.

Shining, finely and densely punctate. Pilosity of abundant, fine, reclinate
short hairs which do not obscure sculpturing. Yellowish brown, head darker.

Described from workers (No. 1313, 1387, 1390) taken by
myself July 25 and August | at elevations of 6,100—6,800 feet in
the Imatong Mts., A.—E. Sudan.

Ponera mesoepinotalis, sp. nov.
(Fig. 4.)

Worker.—Length extended 3 mm. (of thorax 0.9 mm.). Head in front view,
excluding mandibles, 1.2 times longer than broad, occipital margin distinctly
impressed, sides feebly convex, anterior clypeal margin projecting in a distinct
angle; frontal lobes small, convex, frontal carinae shorter than lobes, frontal
groove extends between these to gradually disappear near the occipital margin;
eyes distinct, situated close to the mandibular insertions, 0.03 mm. in diameter;
mandibles comparatively short and with several denticles on the cutting sur-
face; antennal scapes failing to reach occipital corners by a distance about
equal to their distal diameters. Thorax from above broadest through pronotum,
the latter convex laterally and anteriorly, concave behind, suture being dis-
tinct dorsally. Petiolar node from above with evenly convex sides and anter-
iorly, plane posteriorly, the corners rounded. Ist gastric segment from above

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 3, MAR., 1942 45

1% times broader than long, Ist and 2d segments co-equal in length. Legs of
moderate proportions.

Shining, finely punctate. Pilosity of moderately abundant appressed to
reclinate fine short hairs and scattered longer and upright hairs most numerous
on gaster posteriorly. Bright brown, appendages yellow brown.

Holotype: One worker (No. 1395) taken by myself August 2
at an elevation of about 6,400 feet in the Imatong Mts., AE.
Sudan. The distinct mesoépinotal impression separates the
species easily from the other Imatong Povnera.

Ponera muscicola, sp. nov.
(Fig. 13.)

Female (Dealate).—Length extended about 3.2 mm. (of thorax 0.9 mm.).
Head in front view 11% times longer than broad, occipital margin faintly im-
pressed, corners rounded, sides subparallel, anterior clypeal margin angulate
in middle; frontal lobes short, frontal carinae shorter, frontal groove extending
to the anterior ocellus and posterior to the carinae deepened as an infuscated
pit; eyes situated in front of middle of head, laterally placed and feebly convex,
0.14 mm. in diameter; mandibles trigonal with 9 or 10 irregular denticles and
a longer, acute apical tooth; antennal scapes nearly reaching occipital corners.
Thorax from above with sides convex, pronotum anteriorly convex, epinotal
declivity plane. Petiolar node from above antero-posteriorly compressed,
anterior surface convex, posterior margin but faintly convex. Ist gastric
segment from above slightly broader than long, slightly shorter than 2d seg-
ment. Legs of moderate proportions.

Shining, finely punctate. Pilosity of abundant fine, short reclinate hairs
becoming longer and coarser on posterior gastric segments. Bright yellowish
brown, head darker.

Holotype: One female (No. 1313) taken by myself July 25
at an elevation of about 7,200 feet in the Imatong Mts., A.—E.
Sudan. The ant was in wet moss in the cavity of a tree.

Ponera lotti, sp. nov.
(Fig. 5.)

Worker.—Length extended 2.6 mm. (of thorax 0.8 mm.). Head in front
view ovate except for truncate occipital margin; excluding mandibles nearly | 2 /5
times longer than broad, occipital margin distinctly impressed, sides markedly
convex, anterior clypeal margin projecting in a blunt tooth; frontal lobes short,
convex, carinae shorter, frontal groove distinct, ending near middle of head;
eyes minute, apparently of a single facet, about 0.03 mm. in diameter, situated
near mandibular insertions; mandibles stout, trigonal with a cutting surface
with about 6-11 rudimentary denticles, the two or three most distal being
most distinct, and a distinct, acute apical tooth; antennal scapes exceeding
the occipital margin slightly. Thorax from above with convex pronotal sides,
the pronotum being over 1!% times thicker than the epinotum, the latter with

46 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 3, MAR., 1942

rounded but marginate sides. Petiolar node from above strongly compressed
antero-posteriorly. Ist gastric segment from above about 1.4 times broader
than long. Legs moderately long and slender.

Shining, microscopically, and finely punctate. Pilosity a short, fine, appressed
pubescence not obscuring sculpture. Dark brown, appendages a yellower
brown.

Described from several workers (Nos. 1442, 1448) taken by
myself August 5 in the Lotti Forest on the west slopes of the
Imatong Mts., A.-E. Sudan.

Ponera ambigua, sp. nov.
(Fig. 6.)

WV orker.—Length extended about 2.5 mm. (of thorax 0.75 mm.). Head in
front view, excluding mandibles, 1.1 times longer than broad and rectangular
with rounded corners, occipital margin impressed, sides subparallel, feebly
convex, anterior clypeal margin feebly convex; frontal lobes short, convex,
carinae vestigial, frontal groove deep and distinct to middle of head from
which it continues faintly to occiput; eyes vestigial, in front of middle of head;
mandibles elongate, trigonal, with 8 denticles of irregular development of
which two are distinct, and a long, acute apical tooth; antennal scape extends
approximately to a level with the occipital corners; terminal funicular joint
compressed and apically blunt, 0.08 x 0.24 mm., joints 8-10 squarish. Thorax
with epinotum lowered and laterally compressed as in Euponera; from above
the pro- and mesonotum appear ovate in outline, the pronotum being broader
than long and with all sides strongly convex except for concave surface joining
mesonotum; mesoépinotal impression distinct on sides. Petiolar node from
above with convex anterior surface and plane posteriorly. Ist gastric segment
from above broader than long, narrowed anteriorly, 2d segment larger. Legs
of moderate proportions.

Shining, finely punctate. Pilosity of abundant short, fine, reclinate hairs
and sparse, upright, longer hairs chiefly on terminal gastric segments. Pale
‘brownish yellow.

Holotype: One worker (No. 1452) taken by myself in the
Lotti Forest on the west slopes of the Imatong Mts., A.—E.
Sudan August 5. The thorax of this ant is like that of many
Euponera species yet it has but one well-developed tibial spur
on the middle and hind legs.

LEPTOGENYS.
Leptogenys (L.) maxillosa (F. Smith), sericeus, ssp. nov.

W orker.—Length extended 7.3-7.6 mm. (of thorax 2.4-2.5 mm.). Differing
from the typical form found in Africa, Mauritius, Guam, etc., from the variety
vinsonnella (Dufour) of the Seychelles and from the variety falcata Roger of

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 3, MAR., 1942 47

Cuba in somewhat larger size but especially in its distinctively longer
and denser appressed pubscence which gives it a silky sheen.

Cotypes: Workers from one colony (No. 1377) taken by
myself at an elevation of about 4,100 feet on the east slope of

the Imatong Mts., A.-E. Sudan July 31.

Leptogenys (Leptogenys) africanus, sp. now.
(Fig. 8.)

W orker.—Length extended 9.5 mm. (of thorax 2.9-3.0 mm.). Head in front
view, excluding mandibles, 1.1 times longer than broad, occipital margin
slightly concave, sides feebly convex and diverging to the mandibles, clypeus
with a median carina, anterior clypeal margin sinuate and produced medially
as a rounded tooth, the latter margined with a few thin spine-like hairs; frontal
lobes short, convex, frontal carinae subparallel and extending to a level with
the eyes, separated by a groove; eyes large, convex, situated closer to the man-
dibular insertions than their diameters; mandibles long, falcate, narrow,
terminating apically as a single tooth; antennal scapes narrow, long, surpassing
occipital corners by over a third their length; all funicular joints longer than
broad, joints 2-4 more than twice as long as broad. Mesonotum from above
bordered anteriorly and posteriorly by distinct sutures; epinotal declivity
plane, not marginate. Petiole from above trapezoidal, wider behind than in
front and terminating posteriorly in a long tooth. Ist gastric segment from
above over 1% times broader than long, shorter than 2d segment. Legs
moderately long and slender.

Head, thorax and _ petiole coarsely vermiculate-rugose, becoming reticulate
on the petiole, entire body finely punctate in addition. Covered fairly uni-
formly with upright yellowish hairs. Black, appendages becoming dark brown
distally.

Described from workers of a colony (No. 1452) and strays
nearby collected by myself in the Lotti Forest on the west
slopes of the Imatong Mts., A.-E. Sudan August 5. This
species is noteworthy because of its toothed petiole and coarse
sculpture. It may for this be better placed in the Australian
subgenus Odontopelta. The mandibles and clypeus, however, are
those of the typical subgenus.

ANOCHETUS.

Anochetus sudanicus, sp. nov.
(Fig. 7.)

Worker.—Length extended 6.9 mm. (of thorax 2.14 mm.). Head, excluding
mandibles, 1 1/6 longer from anterior clypeal margin to occipital angles than
broad at eye level; antennal scapes slender, outwardly curved, slightly exceeding
occipital angles; mandibles with two large apical teeth and a short third which
springs from the base of the lowest tooth. Thorax from above with convex

PLATE 5 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 3, MAR., 1942 49

pronotal and subparallel epinotal sides, the former about 1 2/3 times broader
than latter; epinotal declivity faintly impressed medially. Petiolar node from
above convex anteriorly, plane posteriorly. Ist gastric segment from above
slightly longer than broad and longer than 2d. Legs of moderate proportions.

Shining, striae of front part of head extending to middle; basal and declivous
surfaces of epinotum transversely and densely carinate, mesonotum with
shallow, transverse striae. Pilosity of sparse, fine, yellowish appressed to
reclinate hairs and a few long, upright hairs. Brownish yellow, front of head
and gaster infuscated.

Holotype: One worker (No. 1366) taken by myself at the
Lango village of Longoforok at the east base of the Imatong
Mts., A—E. Sudan July 29.

This species is close to 4. ghilianii Spinola of the Mediter-
ranean but differs in having shorter mandibular apical teeth,
more slender funicular joints, more angulate epinotum, less
circular petiolar node of petiole when viewed from above, more
regular and distinct mesonotal striae, coarser epinotal carinae
and fewer hairs. It has probably migrated up the Nile valley
from the Mediterranean.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE.

y
oq

. Cerapachys (C.) sudanensis, sp. nov. Worker thorax and abdomen in
side view.
Fig. 2. Aenictus mentu, sp. nov. Worker thorax and petiole in side view.
Fig. 3. Ponera coarctata imatongica, ssp. nov. Worker thorax and petiole in
side view.
4. Ponera mesoépinotalis, sp. nov. Worker thorax and petiole in side view.
Fig. 5. Ponera lotti, sp. nov. Worker thorax and petiole in side view.
6. Ponera ambigua, sp. nov. Worker thorax and petiole in side view.
7. Anochetus sudanica, sp. nov. Worker thorax and petiole in side view.
Fig. 8. Leptogenys (L.) africana, sp. nov. Worker thorax and abdomen in
side view.
Fig. 9. Euponera (Mesoponera) dentis, sp. nov. Female mandible.
Fig. 10. Euponera (Mesoponera) flavopilosa, sp. nov. Female petiole in side
view.
Fig. 11. Cerapachys (C.) pigra, sp. nov. Worker antenna, terminal segments.
Fig. 12. Cerapachys (C.) sudanensis, sp. nov. Worker antenna, terminal
segments.
Fig. 13. Ponera muscicola, sp. nov. Female petiole in side view.

50 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 3, MAR., 1942

XYLOCOMESUS THATCHER A CURCULIONID.

By L. L. Bucuanan, ,

Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. 8. Department of Agriculture.

The following note is in explanation of the unfamiliar combi-
nation Rhyncolus knowltoni (Vhatcher) new combination)
which the writer has used several times in recent unpublished
identification reports.

In the Proceedings of the Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts
and Letters, volume XVII, 1940, pages 89 to 91, Mr. T. O.
Thatcher erected the new genus Xy/ocomesus and described in it
two new species, cercocarpus from Nevada and knowltoni from
Utah. The genus was placed in the Scolytidae. Mr. Thatcher
has very generously deposited in the United States National
Museum the holotype, as well as paratypes, of each species.
Examination of this material shows that both Y. cercocarpus
and X. know/ltoni are congeneric with such curculionids as
Rhyncolus spretus Csy., R. dorsalis Lec., etc., and therefore that
Xylocomesus should be transferred from the Scolytidae to the
subfamily Cossoninae of the Curculionidae, where for the
present it had best be treated as a synonym of Rhyncolus
Germar (new synonymy).

A NEW PSYCHOPHORA FROM THE HUDSON BAY REGION
(LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE).

By Cart HErnrtcu.

The following description originally formed part of a paper
prepared for the Carnegie Museum and dealing with Heterocera
collected on Southampton Island and the shores of Hudson
Bay by Dr. George Sutton. The Southampton records were
published in 1935 (Mem. Carnegie Museum, vol. 12, part 2,
Section 5, pp. 27-29) but records other than these from South-
ampton were omitted. A description is offered now because a
name is wanted for the species.

Psychophora suttoni, new species.

Male.—Wings dull, pale smoky brown, concolorous. Forewing with normal
markings obsolete, indicated only by two or three obscure dark spots on costa
and very faint indication of discal spot at end of cell. Hind wing with discal
dot more pronounced; median, angulate, transverse line barely discernible;
subterminal dark line rather well marked; obscure dark blotches on termen at
ends of veins. Cilia of both wings paler than ground color and with an obscure
dark streak extending from end of each vein. Under side of wings paler; with
whitish scales in post-median areas throwing into faint relief the normal broad
dark median transverse band; darker ground color along termen of forewing

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 3, MAR., 1942 oy!

broken into blotches by paler scales along veins; hind wing with a narrow dark

line along termen; subterminal lines on both fore and hind wings irregularly
dentate and rather broadly suffused.

Alar expanse 36 mm.

Genitalia similar to those of sabini Kirby but without the short flattened
thorn-like subcostal spur on the harpe of the latter species.

Fig. 1. Psychophora suttoni, new species. Male genitalia with aedeagus
removed; al, aedeagus.

Type.—In Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh.

Ty pe locality —Little Cape Jones River, east coast of Hudson
Bay.

Described from male type collected by Dr. G. M. Sutton,
Juty 18, 1926, and named after the collector.

I have also before me a male from Laggan, Alberta (“19—vii-—
24, F. H. W. Dodd’’) and originally in the Barnes collection.
In this specimen there is much more pale scaling on the wings,
the hind wing is somewhat paler than forewing, the normal
dark median band is faintly indicated on forewing, the discal
spots are pronounced, there is a row of large terminal spots
along termen of forewing similar to those on the under side of
the forewing of the type, and only the faintest indication of a
subterminal line on hind wing.

P. suttoni is evidently closely allied to phocata Méschler from
Labrador, but is considerably larger and not nearly so well
marked.

§2 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 3, MAR., 1942

GYNANDROMORPHISM IN IXODES DENTATUS MARX.!

By Carrot N. Smiru,

Division of Insects Affecting Man and Animals, Bureau of Entomotogy and Plant
Quarantine, United States Department of Agriculture.

Although gynandromorphism is apparently encountered less
often among ticks than among insects, cases have been reported
by Brumpt (1934, p. 98), Joan (1916, p. 421), and Schulze
(933; ps 427; 19365 p-835 1937 ip. 160)!

In the course of rearing experiments at Vineyard Haven,
Mass., a gynandromorph of /xodes dentatus Marx appeared in a
group of 11 normal males and 13 normal females. The molting
period was 94 days, while that of normal ticks in the same lot
ranged from 92 to 134 days. In view of the small number of
cases of this type on record it seems desirable to describe the
specimen in some detail. A drawing of the dorsal aspect is
presented in Figure 1.

1A portion of a thesis submitted to the Graduate Council of the George
Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
of Doctor of Philosophy.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 3, MAR., 1942 53

The capitulum, predominantly like that of the male in contour, is twisted
out of line toward the left. The posterior margin of the basis capituli is more
convex than in either sex. The right side of the basis capituli bears a porose
area identical with that of a normal female, while on the left side there are a
few pits. The palpi and hypostome are typical of the male.

In the dorsal aspect, the anterior portion of the body is covered by a heavily
sclerotized scutum, characteristic of the female. The posterior portion of the
body, which is unsclerotized in the female and covered by the heavily sclerotized
scutum in the male, is very lightly sclerotized along the left border, repre-
senting an intermediate condition, and shows a pronounced bulge on the right
side. The scutum is asymmetrical, extending farther posteriorly on the right
side than on the left. The cervical grooves are more like those of the male in
contour, but are longer and asymmetrical. Lateral carinae, which are com-
pletely absent in the male, are present but much less distinct than in the
female, and do not agree with those of the female in contour, as they run more
or less parallel to the cervical grooves except for the extreme posterior end of
that on the right, which converges with the cervical groove as in the female.

In the ventral aspect the specimen is almost identical with the normal male,
only the anal and adanal plates showing any variation. There is only a sug-
gestion of sclerotization of the anal plate, and the adanal plates are incompletely
sclerotized on the median sides. The median and pregenital plates and the
area around the spiracles are sclerotized as in a normal male. The genital
opening resembles that of the male. The ventral aspect of the basic capituli
is like that of the male, there being no indication of the prominent auriculae of
the female on either side, and the palpi and hypostome are typically male.

LITERATURE CITED.
Brumpt, E.

1934. Le gynandromorphisme chez les ixodinés. Un curieux cas obtenu
dans un élevage d’ Amblyomma dissimile. Ann. de Parasitol. Humaine
et Compar. 12 (2): [98]-104, illus.

Joan, Teresa.

1916. Caso de gynandromorfismo en una garrapata. (Amblyomma neumanni
Rib.). Sociedad Argentina de Ciencias Naturales, Primera Reuni6én
Nacional. p. [421]-425, illus.

Schultze, Paul.

1933. Uber Zeckengynander. Ztschr. f. Morph. u. Okol. der Tiere 26:

[427]-436, illus.
———, P.

1936. Ein bemerkenswerter Gynander der Zecke Hyalomma_ detritum
damascenium. P. Sch. u. Schl. 1929. Naturf. Gesell. zu Rostock,
Sitzber. u. Abhandl. 6 (3): 83-88, illus.

1937. Ein anscheinend durch Eiverschmelzung entstandener Gyander der
Zecke Uroboophilus cyclops Minning 1934. Zool. Anz. 119:160-166,
illus.

54 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 3, MAR., 1942

THE SYNONYMY OF IDIOGRAMMA FOERSTER
(HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE).

By R. A. CusHMan,

Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. 8. Department of Agriculture.

At the suggestion of Henry Kk. Townes that the anomalous
ichneumonid genus Lysiognatha Ashmead apparently has much
in common with /diogramma Foerster, I recently sent sketches
and descriptive matter of Lysiognatha to J. F. Perkins, hymen-
opterist of the British Museum of Natural History, with the
request tha the investigate the possible synonymy. Mr. Perkins
had examined the type of Macrochasmus alysiina Thomson
(genotype of Macrochasmus Thomson) and specimens de-
termined by Foerster of /diogramma euryops Foerster (genotype
of Idiogramma), and in 1940 (The Entomologist, vol. 73, p. 55)
had synonymized the genera and their genotypes.

Mr. Perkins’ statement that there appears no doubt that the
American species of Lysiognatha and 1. euryops are congeneric
is the basis for the inclusion of Lysiognatha in the following
synonymy, which includes all the significant references to all
three generic names.

In his letter Mr. Perkins further stated: “I also believe that
the European species is distinct from the three North American
species; ic comes in the group with the entire occipital carina.”

Subfamily IprogRAMMATINAE, new name.

Lysiognathinae Ashmead, 1900, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 23: 104.

IDIOGRAMMA Foerster.

Idiogramma Foerster, 1868, Verh, nat. ver. Preuss. Rheinlande 25: 163 (no
species included by name); Schmiedeknecht, 1888, Zool. Jahrb. 3: 429,
and 1906, Opusc. Ichn., fasc. 13, p. 1010 (one species); Perkins, 1940,
Entomologist 73: 55. Genotype.—/. euryops (Foerster) Schmiedeknecht.
Monobasic.

Macrochasmus Thomson, 1888, Opuse. Ent., fasc. 12, p. 1279; Schmiedeknecht.
1911, Opusc. Ichn., fasc. 28, p. 2161; Roman, 1939, Ent. Tidskr. 60: 192,
Genotype.—™. alysiina Thomson. Monobasic.

Lysiognatha Ashmead, 1895, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 3: 275; 1900, Proc. Was:
Nat. Mus. 23: 104; Cushman, 1934, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 36: 262; 1937,
Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 27: 438-442. Genotype.—L. comstockii Ashmead.
Monobasic. (New synonymy.)

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 3, MAR., 1942 55

MINUTES OF THE 524TH REGULAR MEETING OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON.

The 524th regular meeting of the Society was held at 8 p. M., January 8, 1942,
in Room 43 of the National Museum. In the absence of the President and other
ranking officers, the Recording Secretary presided, and W. H. Anderson fulfilled
the duties of the latter officer. Six visitors and 22 members attended. The
report of the December meeting was read and approved.

The Committee on Audit, composed of D. J. Caffrey and L. G. Baumhofer,
reported that the 1941 accounts of the Treasurer had been examined and found
correct.

The Chairman announced the recent death of Alonzo C. Davis, and, in re-
sponse to an invitation to do so, L. J. Bottimer spoke briefly of Mr. Davis’ life,
paying tribute to his entomological work.

In the absence of L. A. Hetrick, R. A. Cushman presented for him a note on
an undescribed species of the primitive sawfy genus Vyela that Mr. Hetrick had
reared from galls on young shoots of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) at West
Point, Va., and exhibited specimens and biological material. The infested
shoots are numerous and usually die, producing an effect on the tree like that
of the pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia frustana (Comst.).

The larvae from which the reared adults developed were placed in jars with
soil in an outdoor insectary in May, 1940, and the adults emerged 19 months
later on December 31, 1941. There had been no previous emergence either in
these jars or in a soil cage started at the same time or in similar cages started in
May, 1941. Data are as yet insufficient to determine whether this long diapause
is usual for the species as a whole or, as so frequently occurs among the sawflies,
of only a part of the brood. Even though the winter emergence of these indi-
viduals. occurred out-of-doors, there may be some question whether this is the
normal season for emergence or if the somewhat abnormal ecological conditions
of the rearing jar in an unusually warm early part of the winter may have
hastened emergence. When full-grown the larva leaves the gall and goes to the
ground. The pupa is capable of awkward locomotion and has heavily sclero-
tized, functional mandibles. By this means the pupa makes its way to the sur-
face of the ground, where transformation to the adult takes place. The pupal
exuviae shows very clearly that the long basal segment of the antennal flagellum
is composed of nine tused segments. In the pollen-feeding species of Xye/a the
Ovipositor is very thin and weakly sclerotized, with oblique, fine striations on
its lower members, and in oviposition is inserted between the scales of the stami-
nate cone of the pine. In the gall-forming species the ovipositor is of the piercing
type, more heavily sclerotized, more pointed and with several serrations at the
apex. To date, two species of parasites have been reared from the Xyela galls,
Eurytoma tylodermatis Ashmead and Habrocytus thyridopterigis Howard. Both
of these also parasitize the larvae of the pine shoot moth. (Authors’ abstract.)

The regular program was as follows:

1. December meeings of the Entomological Society of America. C. F. W.
Muesebeck, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine.

Mr Muesebeck reported that attendance at the meetings held in San Francisco
had been surprisingly good, in spite of war conditions, He reviewed three of the

56 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 3, MAR., 1942

more prominent items on the program, i. e., a joint symposium on the Relation
of Taxonomy to Economic Entomology, the Annual Public Address by G. F.
Ferris of Stanford University, and the Taxonomists’ Conference. In the sym-
posium emphasis was continually placed on the important part insect taxonomy
has in all aspects of economic entomology. Our comparatively fragmentary
knowledge of immature stages was also brought out. One of the results of the
Taxonomists’ Conference was the appointment of two individuals to take the
leadership in the formation of an unofficial advisory committee on nomenclature,
this committee to be composed of representative North American entomologists.
Several of the individual papers presented at the meetings were also discussed,
and the election of Charles P. Alexander, of the Massachusetts State College,
as the new President of the Entomological Society of America, was announced.
(Secretary’s abstract.)

2. December meetings of the American Association of Economic Entomologists.
Floyd Andre, Office of Experiment Stations.

Dr. Andre summarized the address presented by the Retiring President, J. R.
Parker, and spoke briefly of other outstanding features of the annual meetings.
Remarks were made by Townes and Hyslop.

3. Entomological features of the New York meetings. S. B. Fracker, Bureau
of Entomology and Plant Quarantine.

Dr. Fracker reviewed a series of meetings held in New York City primarily
for the benefit of statistical workers, but which included programs of interest
to any one concerned with the interpretation of data connected with biological
problems. He warned against accepting all results based on mathematical form-
ulas, and gave a digest of the discussions most applicable to the work of our
members. (Secretary’s abstract.)

4. Meetings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. S.A.
Rohwer, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine.

The recent meetings held in Dallas, Texas, were attended by Mr. Rohwer,
who found a large number of entomologists present, in spite of the meetings held
in San Francisco. He told of a very enthusiastic symposium on virus diseases in
relation to plant quarantines, and emphasized the great abundance of free,
thought-provoking discussions. (Secretary’s abstract.)

Two visitors, Richard P. Dow and Herbert T. Dalmat, were introduced, and
each spoke briefly.

Adjournment at 10 p. M. ASHLEY B. GuRNEY,

Recording Secretary.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 3, MAR., 1942 oy

MINUTES OF THE 525TH REGULAR MEETING OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON.

The 525th regular meeting of the Society was held at 8 p. m., February 5,
1942, in Room 43 of the National Museum. President Cory presided, and
33 member and 13 visitors attended. The report of the previous meeting
was read.

The Corresponding Secretary, F. M. Wadley, read a letter from Mrs. E. D.
Ball in which appreciation was expressed for the action of the Executive
Committee in placing Dr. Ball, a member for many years, on the list of retired
members.

The President announced that F. C. Bishopp and H. H. Stage had been
appointed to prepare an obituary of the late J. L. Webb, and that C. A. Weigel
and L. J. Bottimer were serving in a similar capacity in connection with the
death of A. C. Davis. Obituary statements were read by Stage and Bottimer,
and it was voted to publish them in the Proceedings.

The following individuals were elected to membership in the Society: R.
Joseph Kowl, Division of Forest Insect Investigations, Bureau of Entomology
and Plant Quarantine, Beltsville, Md.

W. L. Popham, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Washington,
DC

Frank H. Spencer, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Wash-
ington, D. C.

Sidney L. Suib, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Md. °

Under Notes and Exhibition of Specimens, A. G. B6ving reported the recent
receipt of larvae of a European scarabaeid beetle, collected in New York State.
It is suspected of being Amphimallus solstitias (L.) Further developments
regarding the apparently limited infestation are awaited with interest.

The first item on the regular program was the Address of the Retiring Presi-
dent, H. E. Ewing, “The origin and classification of the Apterygota.”’ This
was presented with the aid of lantern slides and has been prepared for publi-
cation in the Proceedings.

A second talk, entitled “Feeding mechanism of the honey bee,” was given
by R. E. Snodgrass. This dealt with functional and morphological details of
the mouth structures of the honey bee, accompanied by an abundance of
illustrations, and will eventually appear elsewhere as a published paper. Ques-
tions by Bohart and Cope followed.

Austin H. Clark introduced Gordon J. Lockley, an English scientist now
in the Royal Navy. Bryant FE. Rees similarly introduced Oliver B. Cope and
George E. Bohart, of the United States Navy. Brief greetings were made by
the following visitors: H. D. Harradon, of the Department of Terrestrial
Magnetism, Carnegie Institute of Washington; W. E. Dove, of the Bureau of
Entomology and Plant Quarantine; Waldo L. Schmitt, of the U. S. National
Museum.

Adjournment at 10 p. M. ASHLEY B. Gurney,

Recording Secretary.

Actual date ot publication, March 31, 1942.

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(Make checks, drafts, etc. payable to the Entomological Society of Washington.)

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n
‘yt

CONTENTS

;

BUCHANAN, L. L.._-XLOCOMESUS THATCHER A CURCULIONID ... if dg fa

TERA: | TesseeowDay PAVIA ON ONS ACA ER eh aialet MUA ea

(LEPIDOPTERA ? GEOMETRIDAE) 5), 50/4 Unig
SMITH, CARROLL N.—GYNANDROMORPHISM IN IXODES DENTATUS MARX

Pe 4s

TIMBERLAKE, P. H.-A NEW SPECIES OF HIPPODAMIA FROM MEXICO (con Beis

TERA COBCINELIADAB A i isa S iso Ue eto ee heya iep arias Pel ey
WEBER, NEAL A.—NEW DORYLINE, CERAPACHYINE AND PONERINE
FROM THE IMATONG MOUNTAINS, ANGLO-EGYPTIAN SUDAN . : we

CLAYTON DAVES 2000) 2) Se sts Cabstreh tian a tenants

leat is

April, 1942 No. 4

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

_ ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF WASHINGTON

PusiisHeD Montuiy Excerpt Jury, Aucust anpD SEPTEMBER
BY THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
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x Entered as second-class matter March 10, 1919, at the Post Office at Washington, D. C., under
L Act of August 24, 1912.

Accepted for mailing at the special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October
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THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF WASHINGTON
OrcanizeD Marcu 12, 1884.

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tirst Thursday of each month, from October to June, inclusive, at 8 Pp. M.

Annual dues for members are $3.00; initiation fee $1.00. Members are
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OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1942.

Graney FFE SSGENE hie ao ew sea ata Meee dais, Beka Ge Ee aie L. O. Howarp
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ESE V16e-PRESTACHE eh. Pa at" Ra aL te a ee R. W. Harnep
SCCOMAs VACOZETESIGENT Si OL UON ORGIES, oe Na ae Laan Lent a kee P. N. Annanp
Recording SCcrelapy sic Pe le MAR OO RES AsHLey B. Gurney
Corresponding Secretary: 9.0 30S a Je he) eat eee F. M. Waptey
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Yo (1 I Te Oa ABR, SM ay Sa Tai ap RN Mis oss fe BRL W. R. Watton
Executive Commitiee .H. E. Ew1ne, C. F. W. Mugseseck, R. E. Snoperass
Nominated to represent the Society as Vice-President

of the Washington Academy of Sciences ....... Austin H. Crarkx

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

VOL. 44 APRIL, 1942 No. 4

A NEW, APPARENTLY PARASITIC ANT.
By Marton R. Smiru,

Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. S. Department of Agriculture

The ant Leptothorax curvispinosus Mayr, which is distributed
over most of the eastern half of the United States, is recorded
as a host to two other species, Harpagoxenus americanus (Emery)
and Leptothorax duloticus Wesson. The interesting relationship
that exists between curvispinosus and americanus has been
carefully studied by Sturtevant (Psyche 34: 1, 1927), Creighton
(Psyche 34: 11, 1927), and Wesson (Amer. Ent. Soc. Trans. 65:
97, 1939); and that between curvispinosus and duloticus by
Wesson (Bklyn. Ent. Soc. Bull. 35: 73, 1940).

A new ant, described below as Leptothorax minutissimus, 1s
also believed to be associated with LZ. curvispinosus, since
several workers of the latter which have been examined belong
to the same collection series as the four minute females of
minutissimus; and it was the habit of the collector to take ants
only from colonies. The female has a general habitus somewhat
similar to that of the female curvispinosus. The possibility
that the new species may be a parasite is strongly suggested
by its exceedingly small size. Unfortunately, the lack of
sufficient specimens and of biological data prevents assignment
of minutissimus to its proper subgenus.

Leptothorax minutissimus, new species.
(Fig. 1, 4.)

Dealate female —Length 3 mm. (with the gaster greatly distended).

Head approximately as broad as long when measured through the eyes,
with distinctly emarginate posterior border, rounded posterior corners, and
subparallel sides. Ocelli small, but clearly visible. Eye not large, but rather
convex, approximately its greatest diameter from base of mandible. Antenna
11-segmented; scape rather robust, not attaining posterior border of head;
antennal club 3-segmented, longer than remainder of funiculus. Clypeus
broader than long, convex, with rounded anterior and posterior borders. Man-
dible with 2 prominent apical teeth and a number of smaller, indistinct teeth.
Thorax short, stout, broadest anteriorly; pronotum with angular humerus
posterior to which is a slight lateral concavity; epinotum with a pair of unusually
long, bluntly pointed, posteriorly divergent, digitiform spines directed slightly

WAY 5 “Se

60 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 4, APR., 1942

dorsad. Petiole with a very high and short node narrower above than below,
and with steeply descending anterior and posterior faces; postpetiolar node ap-
proximately twice as broad as long, broadest anteriorly, the node narrowed above
and short, anterior and posterior faces also steeply descending; superior border
of petiole, and postpetiole, slightly emarginate; petiole, in profile, appearing
almost nonpedunculate and with the anterior and posterior faces meeting
above to form a very sharply defined angle, which is much less than a right
angle; postpetiole, in profile, with anterior and posterior faces meeting in a
broadly rounded angle.

Dorsal surface of head covered with dense, minute alveoli; cheeks and region
between eyes and frontal carinae also with very small longitudinal rugulae.
Sculpturing on dorsal surface of thorax more indistinct than on head, the pro-
thorax, however, with a tendency to rugulose-reticulate sculpturing, especially
around the humeri. Petiole and postpetiole weakly alveolate except on their
anterior faces, which are smooth and shining. Femora, tibiae, and gaster
also smooth and shining.

Hairs rather sparse; coarser, longer, and more erect on head and thorax than
on gaster.

Light brown or yellowish brown, with edge of mandible, head, sutures on
dorsum of thorax, and gaster much darker.

The holotype and three paratype specimens, all females, bear the label
Eastern Branch, District of Columbia, January 6, 1921, H.S. Barber. According
to Mr. Barber they were collected at the edge of a marsh and presumably from
a single colony.

Holotype and three paratypes, U. S. National Museum, No.
56210.

The paratypes range in length from approximately 2.3 to 2.5
mm. ‘Two of the three specimens have shorter and more hori-
zontally directed epinotal spines than the holotype. The
anterior wing of the only alate paratype (Fig. 1, B) has a
cubital cell but lacks a radial and a discoidal cell.

The female of mnutissimus can be distinguished from that of
duloticus by its smaller size (duloticus, 3.25 mm.), emarginate
posterior border of the head, lack of an emargination on the
anterior border of the clypeus, longer, digitiform epinotal spines,
shorter thorax and legs, smaller eyes, differently shaped petiole
and postpetiole, and absence of a discoidal cell in the anterior
wing. (Kor a description of the female of du/oticus see Ent.
News 48: 125, 1937.) The female of minutissimus differs from
that of curvispinosus in its smaller size (curvispinosus, 2.75—
3.3 mm.), more slender head with posteriorly emarginate border,
smaller and less convex eyes, longer, more digitiform epinotal
spines, differently shaped petiole and postpetiole, and different

sculpture and color.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 6.

Fig. 1, 4, Dealate female of Leptothorax minutissimus, new species; B, anterior
wing of female.
(Female drawn from holotype specimen, wing from paratype specimen,
The illustrations by Arthur D, Cushman.)

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44 PLATE 6

62 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 4, APR., 1942

THE MALES OF TWO NORTH AMERICAN
CERAPACHYINE ANTS.

Marton R. Smiru,

Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. S. Department of Agriculture

The very rare and primitive ants of the subfamily Cerapach-
yinae Forel were previously represented in the United States
by only two species, 4canthostichus (Ctenopyga) texanus Forel
and Cerapachys (Parasyscia) augustae Wheeler. This paper
includes the description of the male of a new species of Cera-
pachys subgenus Parasyscia, and that of the heretofore unknown
male of augustae.

Our first recorded cerapachyine species was augustae, which
Wheeler described and figured from workers and a female
collected at Austin, Tex., by Miss Augusta Rucker. Later he
was able to add some interesting observations on the biology
of this species and to furnish a description and figure of the egg
and larval stage. Forel (Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 48: 168, 1904)
described the second species, sexanus, from a female collected
at Brownsville, Tex., by Wickham. Except for workers of
augustae in the United States National Museum, and for the
types of the two species which are in other museums, no North
American ants of the subfamily Cerapachyinae seem to have
been recognized heretofore in the collections of this country.
Of the 25 specimens of augustae in the United States National
Museum, 3 were taken at El Paso, Tex., by a quarantine
official of the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine,
United States Department of Agriculture, from plants origi-
nating in Mexico. The remaining 22 specimens were removed
from the stomach of an armadillo at Huntsville, Tex., by F. W.
Tabor, of the Bureau of Biological Survey, United States
Department of Agriculture.

Since no male has ever been described for any species of
Cerapachys, subgenus Parasyscia, the descriptions of the male
of augustae and of the new species should be of considerable
significance; for this reason, I have thought it advisable to
figure the male of augustae.

Although the male of dceanthostichus texanus is still unknown,
the generic characters for the caste of this species can well be
obtained from that of the Mexican species Acanthostichus
(Ctenopyga) townsendi, which was described and figured by
Ashmead (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 8: 29, 1906). -The males of
our North American dcanthostichus, subgenus Crenopyga, can
be distinguished from those of Cerapachys, subgenus Parasyscia,
by the prescence of Mayrian furrows, more chan one cubital
and discoidal cell (usually two or three of each) in the front
wing, an impressed or flattened area (pygidium) with scalloped

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 4, APR., 1942 63

border on the sixth gastric tergite, and a very much stouter
forked process on the seventh gastric sternite.

Cerapachys (Parasyscia) augustae Wheeler.

Cerapachys augustae Wheeler, 1902, Biol. Bull. 3: 182; Wheeler, 1903, Psyche
10: 205.
Male.—Length 3.2-3.5 mm. (Fig. 1, A.)
Fig. 1A, Male of Cerapachys (Parasyscia) augustae Wheeler. B, Front
wing. Drawn by Arthur D. Cushman.

Head measured through the eyes approximately 1.15 to 1.25 times as broad
as long. Mandible well developed, masticatory border curved, ending in a
long tooth, remainder of border toothless or with very minute teeth. Anterior
border of clypeus with a median tooth or angular projection. Antennal fossa
contiguous with posterior border of clypeus. Frontal carinae subparallel, not
concealing articulations of antennal scapes. Clypeus broader than long.
Eye large, very convex, placed near anterior border of head. Ocelli prominent,
placed at summit of head. Posterior border of head round, meeting each
side to form a rather distinct, subangular, posterior corner. Antenna 13-
segmented; scape very slightly longer than combined length of first 2 funicular
segments, funiculus gradually enlarging apically, segments robust, last funicular
segment longer than combined length of the 2 preceding segments. Pronotum
less than one-third as long as mesonotum, strongly inclined, but not concealed
by mesonotum. Parapsidal sutures but no Mayrian furrows, the former seen
only in certain lights., Front wing (Fig. 1, B) with a very large stigma, discoidal
cell absent or present but without cubital or radial cell. Legs moderately long,
tibial spurs pectinate, spurs on front and hind tibiae especially well developed.
Anterior three-fifths of mesonotum convex in profile. Petiole nonpedunculate,
sybcylindrical in profile, slightly flattened above, approximately one and one-
third times as long as high. First gastric segment distinctly higher than long.
Gaster subelliptical from above, with distinct constrictions between the seg-
ments. Sixth gastric tergite without an impressed area (pygidium). Seventh
gastric sternite with a forked process, each fork slender, narrowed and curved
apically, with the point directed slightly dorsad.

Body smooth and shining, with the following exceptions: Coarse rugulae
between mesonotum and scutellum, and fine reticulae on side of scutellum, and
on metanotum; a few scattered, piligerous punctures on the body, these especi-
ally noticeable on summit of head, mesonotum, and posterior part of dorsal
surface of gaster.

Hairs moderately abundant, slender, grayish, unusually long at apex of
gaster; row of hairs at posterior border of each gastric segment; pubescence
rather dense and closely appressed on funiculus, apparently longer and less
appressed on legs.

Rather uniform dark reddish brown; legs lighter.

Described from 4 specimens labeled as follows: Florence,
Ariz., June 13, 1902, Ashmead collection; Florence, Ariz., July
28, 1917, W. M. Wheeler; Higley, Ariz., October 1, 1916, E. G.

64 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 4, APR., 1942

Holt; Quijotoa, Pima County, Ariz., August 27, 1927, Cornell
University, Lot 542.

ba te,

Cerapachys (Parasyscia) davisi, new species.

The male holotype of davisi differs from the known males of
augustae as follows:

Size larger (3.8 mm.); posterior border of head rounded and merging into
each side without forming as definite a subangular posterior corner; all funicular
segments except first distinctly longer than broad (less incrassated than in
augustae); pronotum almost one-half length of mesonotum; front wing with or
without a closed cubital cell; veins more prominent and more nearly enclosing
radial and cubital cell (when cubital cell is not completely enclosed); sculpture
different, davisi having fine rugulae between inner border of eye and antenna,
and similar rugulae on epinotum, especially the sides of epinotum; sixth tergite
more coarsely sculptured, subopaque; color dark brown, almost black.

Described from holotype and 3 paratype specimens, each
bearing the label “Fort Davis, Tex., Jeff Davis County, 5000
feet, Davis Mountains, Mrs. O. C. Poling, Nov. 15, 1927.”
These have been assigned United States National Museum
Number 56091.

The paracypes range in length from 3.8 to 4.2 mm.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 4, APR., 1942 65

A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF BRACHYCISTIDINAE
(HYMENOPTERA : TIPHIIDAE).

By Kart V. KromBeEIn,
Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. S. Department of Agriculture.

The male specimens on which the following new genus and
species are based were found recently while I was sorting some
miscellaneous material in the collection of the United States
National Museum. The genus is described at this time so that
it will be available for inclusion in a forthcoming revision of
brachycistidine males by C. E. Mickel. The illustrations are
by Arthur D. Cushman of the Bureau of Entomology and Plant
Quarantine.

Superficially the specimens bear a very strong resemblance to
some of the more pilose species of T7phia in the Tiphiinae, but
they possess simple claws and lack an epicnemial furrow, and
the tegulae do not cover the axillary sclerites of the forewing,
characters which separate the Brachycistidinae from the
Tiphiinae. Apparently this new genus is most closely related
to the Castanea Group in brachycistis Fox, though differing
abundantly in generic characters, as indicated in the diagnosis
given below.

The dark color, small ocelli, and compound eyes indicate that
this species is diurnal, as contrasted to most brachycistidine
males, which are nocturnal, stramineous or brownish orange,
and have enlarged ocelli and compound eyes.

COLOCISTIS, new genus.

Genoty pe.—Colocistis pilosa, new species.

Generic characters.—Male: Head transverse, rounded, broader than high in
anterior aspect, coarsely and closely punctate and clothed with abundant,
long pilosity; mandible tridentate apically, the lowest tooth longer than the
others, and with a curved carina running from anterior attachment of mandible
to innermost tooth; compound eye relatively smaller than in Brachycistis, not
protruding laterally beyond temple in anterior aspect, the inner orbits moder-
ately convergent So clypeus and not so distinctly emarginate as in Brachy-
cistis.

Thorax short, broad, and clothed with abundant, long pilosity; humeral
angles of pronotum rounded, not prominent; parapsidal furrows long and deep;
scutellum very convex; propodeum very short, the dorsal, lateral, and posterior
surfaces distinct, the dorsal and posterior surfaces separated by a low ridge.

Forewing with three submarginal cells; stigma large, subrectangular.

Abdomen with fringes of long, abundant pilosity at apices of first to sixth
tergites and second to fifth sternites; pygidium with a deep lateral sulcus on
apical half; first tergite with a transverse carina between anterior declivous and
posterior horizontal surfaces; second sternite with anterior fourth sharply and

66 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 4, APR., 1942

slightly raised above remainder of sternite, the posterior margin of the raised
portion broadly and shallowly V-shaped.
Female.—Unknown.

Remarks.—The comparatively smaller compound eyes and
ocelli, the relatively coarser puncturation, very convex scutellum,
abbreviated propodeum, very abundant pilosity, and deep
lateral sulcus of the pygidium distinguish Co/ocistis from its
closest relative, the Castanea Group of Brachycistis.

Colocistis pilosa, new species.

Male.—Length 11.5 mm. Black; palpi, tegula, and legs tinged with fuscous.
Pilosity white, tinged with yellow.

Head (fig. 2) shining, on the whole rather closely and coarsely punctured,
clothed with abundant, erect pilosity; clypeus transverse, finely and sparsely
punctured, the median third somewhat produced apically, the apical margin of
produced portion thickened and tridentate; inferior border of antennal socket
slightly raised but not carinate; front with an impunctate space before fore
ocellus; ocelli small, arranged in a low triangle, fore ocellus set in a depression,
hind ocelli facing distinctly laterad, postocellar distance only slightly less than
ocellocular distance; hypostomal carina low, separated posteriorly from occipital
carina by a very short distance.

Thorax shining; pronotum dorsally with close, contiguous punctures and
abundant, erect pilosity, laterally less closely but more coarsely punctate and
with sparse pilosity; propleuron very sparsely punctured, with little pilosity;
mesoscutum with moderately coarse punctures which are closer anteriorly and
between parapsidal furrows and with sparse, short pilosity; tegula glabrous,
with a few scattered punctures; scutellum strongly convex, declivous posteriorly
and laterally, and with moderately close, coarse punctures around declivity
and longer pilosity than on mesoscutum; postscutellum rather closely punctured
laterad of a medianimpunctate area and with long pilosity; mesopleuron coarsely
and subcontiguously punctured, the pilosity moderately dense and long; meta-
pleuron impunctate except for some contiguous punctures above; dorsal surface
of propodeum irregularly rugose, bare, separated from posterior surface by an
irregular, low ridge; posterior surface of propodeum antero-laterally coarsely
and closely punctured and pilose, finely and closely punctured near abdominal
attachment, remainder of surface impunctate; lateral surface of propodeum
impunctate along metapleural suture, coarsely and rather closely punctured
elsewhere.

Wings (fig. 3) hyaline except for infumated apex of forewing; stigma and veins
fuscous; forewing with first and second submarginal cells subequal in length,
the third subquadrate and less than half as long as second submarginal cell
along cubital vein, the marginal cell truncate, its apex not extending much
beyond apex of third submarginal.

Legs, except tarsi, covered with sparse, moderately long pilosity, tarsi with
decumbent, shorter pilosity, middle and hind tibia with a few spines near
apices, hind coxa carinate along inner margin beneath.

Abdomen, except first segment, somewhat subopaque owing to very fine

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 4, APR., 1942 67

shagreening, apices of first to sixth tergites and second to fifth sternites with
abundant, long, recumbent pilosity; first tergite shining, anterior declivous and
posterior horizontal surfaces separated by a low, transverse ridge, the anterior
declivity with fine, scattered punctures, the horizontal portion with moderately
coarse, subcontiguous punctures on sides and apical half; second tergite with
scattered, smaller punctures except along apical margin, where punctures are
subcontiguous; third to sixth tergites with smaller punctures which are not so
scattered on the disk and are about as close along apical margins as on second
tergite; pygidium with a rather sharp, median, longitudinal ridge on apical
half, on each side of which is a broad, shallow, punctate sulcus, the area laterad
of sulcus with coarse, deep, moderately close punctures; second sternite with
basal fourth sharply but slightly raised, the posterior margin of raised portion
broadly and shallowly V-shaped, the apical three-fourths sparsely and coarsely
punctured except laterally and along posterior margin, where punctures are
closer; third to fifth sternites more finely and closely punctured discally; sixth
sternite with basal two-thirds finely and closely punctured, the apical third
impunctate.

Genitalia (fig. 1) with parameres very hairy; postero-dorsal area of left
basiparamere (fig. 1, 2) decidedly asymmetrical (apparently this is an abnormal
development, since the basiparameres of the paratype are symmetrical and
shaped like the right basiparamere of the holotype).

Female.—Unknown.

Tyvpe.—Male, San Diego, Calif., June 22, 1890 (F. E. Blais-
dell). (From Bridwell Collection.) [United States National
Museum type no. 55728.|

Paratype-—One male with same data as type, but August
26, 1891. [U. S. National Museum.| The paratype has been
deposited i in the collection of the University of Minnesota.

The paratype is 11.0 mm. long and the antenna is fuscous
beneath, long and filiform, the flagellar segments moderately
crenulate and subequal in length, except: for the first, which 1s
slightly shorter.

The form of the apical margin of the clypeus is quite different
from that of the various species of Brachycistis and possibly
may be of generic significance, though material of other species
of Colocistis will be needed before this point can be ascertained.

PLATE 7 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44

SSS

— DE anne ee ea

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 7.

Colocistis pilosa, new species.

Fig. 1. Right lateral aspect of genitalia (holotype).

Fig. la. Left lateral aspect of postero-dorsal corner of basiparamere (to illus-
; trate asymmetry of this part in holotype).

Fig. 2. Frontal aspect of head.

Fig. 3. Wings.

[ 68 ]

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 4, APR., 1942 69

TRAP-LIGHT STUDIES ON LEAFHOPPERS OF THE GENUS
EMPOASCA (HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE), 1932-1941.!

By Nancy H. WHEELER,

Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. S. Department of Agriculture

Over a period of 10 years, 1932-41, two trap lights were in
operation at Arlington Experiment Farm, Arlington, Va., to
collect species of Jeafhoppers of the genus Empoasca. This
project was terminated in December, 1941, when the Arlington
Experiment Farm was occupied by the War Department.

Results of determinations of Empoasca obtained in the trap
lights during the period 1932 to 1935, inclusive, have already
been published (5), and it is the purpose of this paper to bring
these data up to date with a summary of the determinations
of the species of Empoasca obtained during the entire period,
1932 to 1941, inclusive.

The equipment and methods, previously described, were the
same for each season. The period of operation, as usual, was
determined by weather conditions, the earliest starting date
in any year being April 4, and the latest concluding date being
December 5, at least a week after the last Empoasca had been
caught.

The various empoascan species obtained from the trap lights
during the ten seasons, together with the total number of each
species collected, are listed in table 1 in the order of their
abundance. A total of 60,938 specimens was counted, of which
26,062 were females and 34,876 were males. From the 29,528
males identified by examination of the structures of their
internal genitalia, and by means of the sternal apodemes, when
present, 30 species were determined, the maximum number of
species obtained during a single season being 21.

TasLe 1.—SUMMARY OF EMPOASCAN MALES DETERMINED AS TO SPECIES, COL-
LECTED IN TRAP LIGHTS, ARLINGTON EXPERIMENT Farm, Va., 1932-41.

TOTAL TOTAL

SPECIES NUMBER SPECIES NUMBER

AGO (USING) ka ee 24,953 ditata DeLong and Caldwell... 9

Crigcnona clon gan see 26S oeeuniccubrovanchere =e 8
percanacnGillettes Ge)” loge? Veteroys Se i ee 7
alboneura Gillette 239 eaGopuic Delonge. see aoa 2

Solange elWongee eeu eee DOME tcurvataseoosteiete ee 2
mech iata. clones es SOR mencidags Delloncae tae ener 2
SULENG CU OOS a ee ae tee ee 194 pallida Gillette. 2
Biyurcata Weltonge= = On wradiaraGillettes= == 2
Bat Godin gee eee SD allisgia \NleSIGeL ES ee 1

1 Grateful acknowledgment is made to various members of the laboratory
staff for assistance in obtaining these collections.

70 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 4, APR., 1942

salicis Wheeler... Pee tee Ash 67 luda Davidson and DeLong... 1
atrolabes Gillette 66 smaragdula Fallen... i
CULYSaENN alls ieee ree 36 torqua DeLong and Davidson. 1
Dadian Delonge == =e 20 trifasciata Gillette. ae. 1
maongs (Walsh) = 13. vergena DeLong nel Caluwelle 1
chelata DeLong and Davidson. I2ieeindeterminate =a it
dentata DeLong and Davidson - 12 —

Grandstotal == 29,528

Species not previously obtained in field collections were
obtained for the first time in this locality by means of the trap
lights. These were atrolabes, chelata, copula, dentata, ellisae,
incida, obtusa, pallida, patula, torqua, trifasciata, and unica.
Most of these species are relatively scarce in this vicinity and
their collection in the trap lights furnished in 9 out of the 12
instances new records for their occurrence in this locality.
A comparatively rare species, /uda, was collected for the first
time in the trap lights in 1941. Only a few specimens had
previously been recorded, two in the original description (1),
one from Ohio and the other from Illinois; six collected by
F. W. Poos, July 21, 1932, on a birch tree at Arlington, Va.;
one identified in a collection from R. H. Beamer (no host given)
collected August 20, 1934, at New Haven, Conn.; and three
males and two females recently identified in a collection received
from W. L. Putnam, collected on Betula pendula var. at Vine-
land Station, Ontario, June 28, 1940.

ithe trap= light collections have yielded specimens used in the
descriptions of new species. Empoasca sativae was described
by Poos (3), and e//isae and salicis were described by the author
(Ghe Species studied in connection with the revision of certain
groups have also been procured from this source. Specimens of
alboneura have been collected in the trap lights and were of use
in the revision of the a/boneura group (7). Likewise, two
specimens of radiata, of the group recently revised (6) and not
commonly found in this locality, were taken in the trap lights
during 1941. Specimens of birdii, vergena, and pallida, species
involved in the establishment of new synonymy (5), have
also been collected in the trap lights.

Of interest during one season was the appearance of pergandei
in considerable numbers in May, indicating that a brood of
adults of this species had appeared at this time. This obser-

vation was confirmed by the rearing of nymphs collected on
black locust early in May, all of which proved upon identification
to be this species.

The data obtained on the seasonal occurrence and abundance
of fabae in the trap lights, as correlated with those obtained in
the field, have been more or less constant throughout the 10-
year period. The earliest record for the appearance of fabae

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 4, APR., 1942 71

(verified by the determination of males only) was the collection
of one male April 19, 1938, the only time that this species has
appeared at Arlington, Va., either in the field or in the trap
lights, before the first week in May. The evidence that fadae
has not been taken in the trap lights or in collections made by
sweeping with an insect net in the field at Arlington Experiment
Farm prior to this date continues to indicate that this species
migrates northward each season (2). Observations (4) on the
significance of young oak and hickory foliage in the northward
migration of this species and of its appearance and increase in
populations in the trap lights have been confirmed each spring.
First indications of extreme abundance of this species have been
obtained at approximately the same date in mid-June each
year. Even in the season that this leafhopper made its earliest
appearance at Arlington Experiment Farm, 16 days earlier than
it had ever been observed here, the usual heavy populations of
fabae did not appear until the middle of June, owing no doubt
to the cool, dry weather during May. The last species to be
taken seasonally j in the trap lights has also been fadae, two males
of which were collected November 22, 1940, although a female
(indeterminate) was taken as late as November 29, 1934.

Each year after its initial appearance, fabae has invariably
increased in population as the season advanced and has remained
by far the most abundant of all the empoascan species taken
in the trap lights, with 24,953 out of the total of 29,528 males
identified. Others, in order of abundance, were erigeron, 2,685;
pergandet, 558; alboneura, 239; solana, 201; recurvata, 199;
sativae, 194; and bzfurcata, 140. Twenty-two other species
were represented j in the trap-light collections by less than 100
specimens each, 6 of which were represented by only a single
specimen. Eleven specimens, listed as indeterminate, may
involve some undescribed species, but lack distinct enough char-
acters, both externally and internally, to justify description
until larger series are procured for further study.

In a comparison of trap-light collections of empoascan leaf-
hoppers at Arlington Experiment Farm with those received
from trap lights operated in Kansas (by H. H. Walkden) and in
Tennessee (by W. W Stanley), the variety of species obtained
was similar, with the usual occurrence of single specimens of
species rarely found in field collections. The more common
species occurred in like proportions, with fabae by far the most
abundant and usually reaching its maximum abundance in
June and July.

From the data submitted, therefore, it may be concluded
that the operation of the two trap lights at Arlington Experi-
ment Farm has proved their value in determining the variety
of empoascan species present, the time of their occurrence, and
their relative abundance. Throughout the entire period, col-

72 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 4, APR., 1942

lections of Empoasca in the trap lights have continued to yield
a greater variety of species (including some rare and some new
to science) than it has been possible to collect by the sweeping
method, and with very much less effort. New information on
various species of Empoasca has been obtained, as well as the
confirmation of other data. With particular reference to the
potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), practica] use has
been made of data obtained by the use of these trap lights
when correlated with observations (4)* on this economically
important insect, made under field conditions during the same
period.

LITERATURE CITED.

1. Davipson, Ratpu H., and DeELonc, Dwicur M. Studies of the genus
Empoasca (Homoptera, Cicadellidae). Part V. Twelve new species of
empoasca from the United States. Ohio Jour. Sci. 38 (2): 90-96, illus.
1938.

2. Poos, F. W. Biology of the potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris),
and some closely related species of Empoasca. Jour. Econ. Ent. 25 (3):
639-646. 1932.

3. Poos, F. W. Four new species of Empoasca (Homoptera: Cicadellidae).
Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 35 (8): 174-179, illus. 1933.

4. Poos, F. W. New host plants of the potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae
(Harris), and their probable significance. Jour Econ. Ent. 28 (6): 1072-
1073. 1935. (Scientific Note.)

5. WHEELER, Nancy H. Trap-light studies on leafhoppers belonging to the
genus Empoasca (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), with the description of two
new species. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 39 (6): 141-156, illus. 1937.

6. WHEELER, Nancy H. The North American empoascan leafhoppers of the
radiata group (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 29
(7): 292-300, illus: 1939!

7. WHEELER, Nancy H. The North American empoascan leafhoppers of the
alboneura group (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 30
(11): 478-483, illus. 1940.

® Poos, F. W., and Wheeler, Nancy H, Unpublished data,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 4, APR., 1942 73

BOOK NOTICE.

College Entomology: E. O. Essig, Professor of Entomology, University
of California, 8 vo., buckram, pp. I-VII and 1-900, illustrations 308. $5.00,
New York, The MacMillan Company, 1942.

As a college text book, this work differs somewhat from exist-
ing American school texts in that it includes much information
on insects of the world at large. In his preface the author states
that he has desired “‘to create a feeling of concern and good will
toward insects in general,” rather than to emphasize their
destructive tendencies. In systematic arrangement, the rules
and decisions of the Commission of Zoological Nomenclature
have been followed so far as possible. The illustrative matter
as a whole is very good although fluctuating rather widely in
merit of the individual figures. It is cleverly and usefully
arranged and evinces earnest endeavor to render the figures
effective in conveying the desired information to the student.
In many cases, the names of the depicted anatomical parts are
placed adjacent to their respective figures, thus eliminating the
use of letters or numbers to be referred to in the text. The text
begins with a brief discussion of the metamorphosis of insects
and is followed by 40 pages on their anatomy. The illustrations
in this chapter are liberal in number and excellent in their
ability to show clearly the internal anatomy in several orders.
Chapter 3 on the Classification of Insects contains a key to the
orders recognized, and the remainder of the work consists in a
discussion of the insects ordinally, from the Protura to the
Siphonaptera.

In most cases, keys to the suborders, superfamilies and
principal families are included. In many orders, important
anatomical characters of adults, both internal and external,
are tabulated in a convenient and easily comparable form.
Abundant reference material is interlarded with the accounts
of the various orders. Indices both of authors and subjects
are provided and a welcome innovation is the placing on the
fly leaves and inside covers, of maps showing the zoogeographical
regions of the world, in colors. This somewhat different, well-
printed book should prove a welcome addition to existing
entomological literature intended for the instruction of college
and other students. —W. R. Watton.

74 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 4, APR., 1942

MINUTES OF THE 526TH REGULAR MEETING OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON,
MARCH 5, 1942.

The 526th regular meeting of the Society was held at 8 p. m., Thursday,
March 5, 1942,in Room 43 of the National Museum. President Cory presided,
and 30 members and 8 visitors attended. The report of the previous meeting
was read.

A. G. Béving reported that the scarabaeid beetle discovered in New York,
which had been suspected of being dmphimallus solstitialis (.), has been
tentatively identified as 4. majalis Razoum. One adult female has been received,
in addition to larvae.

E. A. Back exhibited a very old Russian icon recently purchased at an exhibit
in Chicago. It had been injured by the anobiid beetle 4nobium striatum Oliv.,
and many exit holes were visible. These icons are works of art executed on wood
in egg tempera and gold leaf. Comment was made by Snodgrass.

A letter from Professor Hutson of Michigan State College was read, conveying
the thanks and best wishes of R. H. Pettit. Professor Pettit was recently
placed on the Society’s list of retired members.

The regular program included two illustrated talks by members of the Bureau
of eens and Plant Quarantine:

. Dog fly controlin Northwest Florida. H.H. Stage.

cee calcitrans (L.) has been breeding in enormous numbers in great
windrows of fermenting aquatic vegetation cast up on the shores of bayous
and backwaters reaching inland from coastal areas in northwestern Florida.
The adults have been very troublesome and have resulted in important cattle
losses. The best means of control has been found to be creosote oil, diluted
in alight diesel fuel oil. Treatment was made from barges operating in shallow
adjacent waters, each barge equipped with a power sprayer and lines of hose
with nozzles. In 1941 the equivalent of 700 miles of shoreline were treated,
due to the application of more than one treatment in some instances. About
270 gallons per mile were used. Inland areas in the Southeastern States have
frequently experienced Stomoxys plagues resulting from fly breeding in decaying
trash left in peanut fields, in which case disposal of the trash is the remedy.
(Secretary’s abstract.) Questions were asked by Back and Cory, and other
comments were made by Jones and Yeager.

2. Queen rearing and nectar gathering by honeybees. J. I. Hambleton.

Mr. Hambleton gave an interesting discussion of the effect of the war on the
importance of honey bees. Administrators connected with the war effort have
recognized that bees are essential for purposes of pollination. Cruciferae and
clovers in particular need insect visitors. The recent sugar shortage has led to
large purchases of honey by ice cream manufacturers. ‘Treatment of the seeds
of certain plants before planting has been shown to have beneficial results.
Many uses have been developed for beeswax, such as the water-proofing of gun
shells. Vitamin B; is abundant in pollen, and special devices have been placed
in use to collect the pollen gathered by bees. Three reels of motion pictures,
depicting commercial queen rearing and other details of beekeeping, were
shown. (Secretary’s abstract.) Questions followed by Yeager, Cory and Snod-
grass.

H. C. Huckett, of the N. Y. Agricultural Experiment Station, greeted the
Society briefly.

Adjournment at 10 p. M. ASHLEY B. Gurney,

Recording Secretary,

Actual date of publication, April 30, 1942.

ne is ln ale

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KROMBEIN, KARL pani NEW GENUS AND SPECIES ee F BRACHYCTSTIDINAE
(arene eiitiane Si By Fy

WANES 514 Me Rael

WHEELER, NANCY H.—TRAP-LIGHT ‘STUDIES on, LEAFHOPPERS °
GENUS EMPOASCA (HomoprERa: CICADELLIDAE), 1932-1941.

May, 1942 No. 5

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

-ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

VOL. 44 MAY, 1942 Noss

THE ORIGIN AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE APTERYGOTA.!

By H. E. Ewrne,

Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. S. Department of Agriculture.

Very early in the study of insects, theories as to their origin
began to crystallize, and as far back as 1869 Brauer formulated
a theory that insects were evolved from lower arthropods
through forms similar to the species of Campodea. These early
theories were formed long before our knowledge of insect mor-
phology was sufficiently complete to give the proper basis of
facts for any sound theory. Also several of the primitive arthro-
pod groups known to us today were little known then or had
not yet been discovered.

MORE RECENT THEORIES OF THE ORIGIN OF INSECTS.

Three of the theories advanced relating to the origin of
insects have had a considerable following up to the present.
They are here considered.

(a) The Crustacean Theory, which at one time probably was
the most acceptable of all, has been especially upheld by such
entomologists as Hansen (1893), Carpenter (1903), and Cramp-
ton (1916, 1919, 1922). Exponents of this theory claim to be
able completely to homologize the mouth parts of such primitive
insects as the thysanurans with those of the crustaceans of the
group Malacostraca. Also the parts of the most outstanding
crustacean morphological structure, the biramus limb, are homolo-
gized with parts of the head appendages as well as with those
of the abdominal appendages.

The weakest point to be found in the Crustacean Theory is
our inability properly to homologize the internal organs of
Insecta with those of Crustacea. Furthermore, the vestigial
abdominal appendages of primitive insects, together with their
accompanying basal sclerites and closely associated sacs or
glands, fit into an almost continuous intergrading system with
those of certain primitive groups of land arthropods.

Tillyard (1930) pointed out the difficulty of deriving the

1 Address of the retiring president of the Society, delivered at the February
meeting, 1942.

76 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 5, MAY, 1942

insectean type of reproductive system from that of the Crus-
tacea. The Insecta and Crustacea are even more divergent in
regard to their excretory systems. This system in most of the
crustaceans consists either of the antennal glands, which open
on the bases of the antennae, or the maxillary “‘shell-glands,”’
which open on the bases of the second maxillae. These glands
represent modified nephridia, and open to the exterior, having
no connection with the alimentary canal. They are structures
vastly different in origin and relationships from the malpighian
vessels of insects. However, in some of the amphipod crustaceans
either single or paired caeca, having an excretory function, open
into the posterior end of the mesenteron. Their position and
structure indicate that, while they probably are not homologous
with the malpighian vessels of insects, they are suggestive of
such and possibly may be considered as forerunners of mal-
pighian vessels.

(b) The Protaptera Theory of Tillyard (1930) calls for a
hypothetical ancestral group from which the Insecta, the
Progoneata, and the Opisthogoneata are derived and continued
as three distinct lines of descent. This hypothetical group is
called the Protaptera, and was supposed to have paired gonads
on postcephalic body segments IV to VIII. In presenting his
theory Tillyard has given an interesting review of some of the
different theories of the origin of insects, and has pointed out

‘very effectively some of the weaknesses of each.

Imms (1936), in addition to calling attention to certain dis-
screpancies and statements that are “obviously incorrect” in
Tillyard’s paper, in one sentence states this chief objection to
the theory: “The theory of Tillyard, which formulates an
oligomerous protomorphic ancestor, has resulted in an attempt
to trace the origin of insects much farther back in the evolution
of arthropods than the evidence of comparative morphology
and embryology appears to justify.”

To this criticism should be added another relating to the
evidence presented in the consideration of the evolution of the
arthropod leg. Tillyard’s conclusion not only is based upon an
insufficient study of leg segmentation, but, because the mus-
culature of the legs was not studied, subsegments were fre-
quently confused with true segments, and the composition and
identity of certain segments were not properly detected. Thus
Tillyard regarded the leg of Symphyla and Collembola as being
identical in segmentation, each being composed of four segments,
not counting the pretarsus, and in each group the distal segment
was regarded as the tibiotarsus. Yet the writer (Ewing, 1928)
had previously shown from a study of the musculature of the
legs in these two groups that in the symphylid leg there are
five movable segments in addition to the immovable subcoxa,
and that the tibia and tarsus are distinct. Further, it should

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 5, MAY, 1942 77

be stated that in regard to the collembolan leg there is much
variation in its segmentation. While the leg is commonly four
segmented (not counting the subcoxa or the pretarsus), and
possibly has the tibia and tarsus fused into a tibiotarsus, it may
be five-segmented, possessing either two trochanters or a freely
articulated tibia and tarsus.

Again, according to Tillyard (1930) the leg in the Thysanura
is either seven or eight segmented (counting subsegments) while
in most of the pterygota it was regarded as nine-segmented.
Actually, however, the legs of most of the Machilidae and
Lepismatidae are identical in segmentation with those of the
generalized type for the Insecta, being composed of a coxa,
trochanter, femur, tibia, a tarsus of three subsegments, and a
pretarsus. This point has been made clear by a study of the
musculature of the legs (Ewing, 1928).

Tillyard’s explanation of the evolution and variation of the
tracheal system is particularly interesting. He points out that
the original terrestrial arthropods probably had no tracheae but
breathed through their cuticle. This apparently is in accordance
with the evidence. Particularly it should be noted that in the
primitive group Pauropoda there are no tracheae and in the
Symphyla a very simple tracheal system opens through a single
pair of spiracles situated on the head. However, Tillyard’s
reference to the tracheal system of the Protura as a very
primitive type hardly agrees with the evidence. More probably
it represents a greatly reduced system of the segmental type
wherein most of the body segments had a pair of spiracles.
In the Protura the tracheae open entirely through two pairs of
thoracic spiracles, but it is to be noted that of the three families
of the Protura, the tracheae are wanting in the two that are
most specialized. Thus, the course of evolution is indicated.
The proturans without tracheae are the most specialized, not
the most generalized as would be required by Tillyard’s theory.

(c) The Symphylan Theory. Of the several theories of the
origin of insects the Symphylan Theory is the one that has been
most acceptable to the writer (Ewing, 1940). According to this
theory the winged insects, or Pterygota, have been derived
from symphylid, or symphylid-like ancestors through aptery-
gotan insects of the order Thysanura. Packard (1873, 1881)
did much to establish the Symphylan Theory, but it appears
that Menge (1851) was the first to demonstrate the phylogenetic
importance of symphylids. Ryder (1880), a contemporary of
Packard, named the order Symphyla and subsequently gave
Menge credit for first demonstrating the true phylogenetic
position of symphylids. Ryder (1881) states: “Since the
publication of my notice above referred to (Ryder, 1880), I
have met with a paper unknown to me at the time mine was
written, which in many respects anticipates the observations

78 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 5, MAY, 1942

made by the writer * * *.” Ryder then quotes (in English)
several paragraphs from Menge’s German text, the following
sentence being significant; ““‘I believe, accordingly, that
Scolopendrella may be regarded as the type of a genus or family
intermediate between the six-footed Lepismidae and the Scolo-
pendridae.”’ Ryder (1880), when he named the order Sym-
phyla, stated: “I name the new group Symphy/a, in reference to
the singular combination of myriapodous, insectean and
thysanurous characters which it presents.”

This theory was further supported by the work of Silvestri
(1901, 1907), who found, in the then recently discovered dipluran
genus Projapyx Cook, that the jointed cerci served as outlets
for spinning organs homologous with those of Scolopendrella
and of many diplopods. Later Silvestri himself described the
dipluran genus Anajapyx, which is even more nearly related to
the Symphyla. In recent years Imms (1936) and Snodgrass
(1938), in particular, have brought together much additional
evidence in favor of the Symphylan Theory.

Those who reject the Symphylan Theory of the origin of
Insecta on the grounds that insects are opisthogoneate while
the symphylids are progoneate may be a bit illogical. Actually
the position of the genital opening in the Collembola is nearer to
that in the Symphyla than it is to the position of the genital
opening in the hexapod group Protura, yet students of the
phylogeny of the Insecta hold that all insects have had a com-
mon origin. In the Collembola the genital opening is on the
eight postcephalic segment, in the Symphyla on the fourth,
and in the Protrua between the fourteenth and fifteenth. Thus
the genital opening in the Collembola is only four segments
from its position in the Symphyla, while it is six or seven seg-
ments from its position in the Protura. Can we not, without
being illogical, regard the Collembola as being progoneate, since
the genital opening in this group is anterior to the sixth ab-
dominal segment, which holds the middle position in the
abdomen of a generalized insect?

THE GENERALIZED MANDIBLE OF THE DIPLOPODA.

The mandible in Diplopoda shows much variation, but in its
more generalized state consists of a large basal part and a
heavily sclerotized and marginally toothed, movable, distal part.
The basal part usually is divided by a transverse suture into
two sclerites, called by some authors the cardo and stipes and
believed by them to be homologous with parts of the maxillae
having the same names. Since the distal part is supplied by its
own muscles and is movably articulated with the basal part,
it must represent functionally a true segment. A study of the
muscles of the basal part, according to Snodgrass (1928), shows

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 5, MAY, 1942

apparently that the two sclerites correspond to the cardo and
stipes of the maxilla and, if so, probably§do not represent

distinct segments.

Fic. 1.—Types of mandibles found in the Symphyla and Apterygota. Dorsal
view of each, not equally enlarged: 4, Of Hanseniella sp., a symphylid (original);
B, of Heterojapyx gallardi Villyard, a japygid (after Snodgrass); C, of Core-
thromachilis brevipalpis Carpenter, a machilid (after Carpenter); D, of Cre-
mastocephalus pallidus Carpenter, a springtail (after Carpenter); EF, of Crenolepis-
ma urbana Slabaugh, a lepismatid (original); F', of Acerentulus confinis (Berlese),

a proturan (after Berlese). Abbreviations: ac, Articulating condyle; act,

shallow acetabulum; ap, apical process; ar, articulating ridge; af, apical teeth;
bs, basal segment; d/, dentate lamella; ic/, incisor lobe; in/, inner lobe; ma,

molar area; mp, molar process; o/, outer lobe.

80 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 5, MAY, 1942

THE MANDIBLE IN SYMPHYLA.

In the Symphyla the mandible (Fig. 1, 4) is clearly two-
segmented. The basal segment is long and narrow and appears
to form a part of the lateral wall of the head. It is articulated
with the cranium by means of a broad groove-ridge type of
hinge, the groove being on the mandible and the ridge, which
in some species might be called a condyle, on the cranial margin.
The distal segment is short and broad and bears large and small
teeth modified chiefly for cutting and tearing. This segment
is divided longitudinally by an indistinct groove or suture
and has toward the middle of its anterior, toothed margin a
conspicuous notch. In this notch is situated a very small sclerite
that bears a few minute, sharp teeth. It has been called the
dentate lamella and is regarded by some authorities as homolo-
gous with the much larger and differently formed prostheca
of the members of the dipluran family Projapygidae.

The distal segment of the symphylid mandible is hinged in a
peculiar way to the proximal segment and has not been properly
described by previous workers. The two segments have a three-
point or tricondylic joint (Fig. 1, 7), two of the condyles, or
articulating processes, being on the base of the distal segment
and one on the apex of the proximal segment. One or more
of these heavily sclerotized articulating processes have been
figured by others as if they were sclerites. Only by dissection
and staining can their true nature be detected.

EVOLUTION OF THE INSECTEAN MANDIBLE.

Within the Symphyla and the Apterygota alone can be noted
the major aspects of the evolution of the insectean type of
mandible (a process well described by Snodgrass, 1935, and
others). In the Symphyla (Fig. 1, 4, 45) the plate-like sclerites
of the basal segment of the diplopod mandible have already
become anchylosed, yet the mandible as a whole is clearly two-
segmented, very long, and hinged to the cranium only at its
base. In the Diplura (Fig. 1, B) the whole mandible is con-
solidated into a single segment and has its proximal end cone
shaped and fitting into a funnel-shaped socket on the head.
In the Machilidae (Fig. 1, C) and the Collembola (Fig. 1, D) a
definite articulating condyle which fits into an acetabulum on
the cranium has been developed at the basal end of the mandible;
and in addition an inner, subapical grinding surface, the molar
area, has appeared. Finally, in most of the Lepismatidae a
second articulation with the head (Fig. 1, /, act) has been
attained, thus forming a mandible typical of the generalized
pterygotan insects except for the depth of the acetabula, the
prominence of the articulating processes, and its shape, which
is considerably longer and less flattened than the mandible of

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 5, MAY, 1942 81

the grasshoppers, roaches, and most of the generalized ptery-
gotans.

THE NUMBER OF THORACIC SPIRACLES IN APTERYGOTA AND
THEIR POSSIBLE PHYLOGENETIC SIGNIFICANCE.

In the apterygotan hexapods there are two series of thoracic
spiracles, a dorsolateral and a ventrolateral. The dorsolateral
spiracles are confined to the mesothorax and metathorax, each
being situated in the pleural membrane above the leg base.
The ventrolateral spiracles, which are more commonly absent,
are usually found on the mesothorax and metathorax. How-
ever, the first pair of the ventrolaterals may be shifted from
their normal position to the posterior part of the prothorax.
These ventrolateral spiracles, although situated in the pleural
area, are not so closely associated with the subcoxal sclerites of
the leg base as are the dorsolateral spiracles. In the Campo-
deidae the second pair of the ventrolateral spiracles is missing
and in the Protura both pairs of ventrolateral spiracles are
missing.

Since nearly all the arthropods possessing trachae have no
more than a single pair of spiracles to a body segment, it is of
particular importance to know why there are two pairs on a
single segment in some of the thysanurans. To explain properly
the origin of an additional pair of spiracles on a single thoracic
segment, we should begin with a spiracular tracheal cluster
served by a very short, dichotomous trunk. A further short-
ening of this trunk to the point of obliteration would give each
branch a separate opening into the atrium of the spiracle. This
process can be observed in some arthropods today. The shifting
apart of these two openings, accompanied by an elongation of
the atrium, should be the next step. Finally, the much elon-
gated atrium becomes constricted and then transversely divided
into two atria each having its own trunk and cluster of tracheal
branches.

It is a matter of importance from the standpoint of phylogeny
to know, if possible, which of the four pairs of thoracic spiracles
found in the Japygidae. persist in pterygote insects. That the
ventrolateral mesothoracic spiracles represent the first thoracic
pair in the Pterygota is indicated by their position, by the fact
that they usually are better developed than the other thoracic
spiracles, and by the further fact that they nearly always are
present in insects known to possess thoracic spiracles, and
finally because they tend to migrate into the prothorax in the
Apterygota, just as they do in the Pterygota.

In the Campodeidae the ventrolateral spiracles of the meta-
thorax have been lost, whereas the dorsolateral pairs of the
mesothorax and metathorax persist. These two latter pairs

82 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 5, MAY, 1942

are in exactly the same position as the only known spiracles in
the Protura and in a somatic position analogous to that of the
abdominal spiracles of the pterygote insects. However, since
the first dorsolateral pair of thoracic spiracles is evidently lost
in pterygote insects, one 1s led to believe that possibly the
second pair may also have been lost, yet the evidence presented
by the present conditions in the Campodeidae indicates other-
wise.

THE NECK SPIRACLES OF COLLEMBOLA.

Tillyard (1930) not only would derive the arthropods from a
primitive atracheate type, but he also held that the most primi-
tive Insecta had no tracheae, and that the tracheal system of the
Collembola, far from being of a very degenerate type, really is
of a very primitive type. He states: “I submit that, if the
Collembola were descended from tracheate forms, any type
which now possessed a tracheal system would not have been the
most highly specialized type, but one of the more primitive
forms; nor would the tracheae have been in the head, but in
some segment which would have clearly indicated a reduction
from the original postcephalic segmentation system, as exhibited
for instance in the more primitive Thysanura or Pterygota. i

Nearly all the springtails are without spiracles, but a single
pair is found in the sides of the neck close to the head in certain
members of the family Sminthuridae and in the genus Actaletes
Giard, a genus of questionable position. Although these spi-
racles have been considered as the prothoracic pair by Davies
(1927), Snodgrass (1935) has pointed out that they really “lie
in the region of the second maxillary segment,” hence probably
represent “persisting examples of the second maxillary spiracles,
known otherwise only as temporary tracheal openings in the
embryo of the honey bee.”

In this connection it should be noted that in the Symphyla the
only pair of spiracles present is a head pair. Each spiracle of
this head pair usually is situated in the membrane between the
base of the mandible and the epicranium, but in some species
the spiracle and a part of the tracheal trunk have become in-
cluded in the sclerotization of the basal segment of the mandible.
For this reason this pair of spiracles should be known as the
mandibular pair. Their BoaOe so much more anterior to
that of the so-called head spiracles of Collembola, indicates
that they are not homologous with the latter. The presence in
several groups of arthropods of spiracles situated near or upon
the mouth parts indicates that primitive arthropods probably
had a pair of tracheal invaginations on each appendage-bearing
segment of the head.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 5, MAY, 1942 83

TYPES OF ANTENNAE IN INSECTS AND IN THEIR
NEAR RELATIVES.

Some differences of opinion have long existed among ento-
mologists relative to the number of true segments in the anten-
nae of various groups of insects. In most groups the antenna
has been recognized as typical for all insects and composed of
the following: A large basal segment, the scape, articulated to
the epicranium at a single point, followed by a somewhat
smaller subsegment, the pedicel, which bears distally a long
whiplike terminal flagellum marked by many annulations. Such
an antenna evidently should be regarded as composed of only
two true segments. In various groups different workers have
reported the occurrence of muscles in segments of the antenna
beyond the first, but their findings have not been generally
accepted.

The whole matter of segmentation of the antennae in insects
and other arthropods has been recently thoroughly investigated
‘by Imms (1939). Asa result of these investigations he concludes
that, “The first antennae of arthropods are divisible into two
main types, viz. (1) segmented antennae and (2) annulated
antennae.” In the first type the antenna is composed of a
variable number of true segments, each being supplied by one
or more muscles. In the second type the antenna is composed
of a basal peduncle, consisting of one or more true segments, and
a distal annulated flagellum or pair of flagella.

Among the outstanding facts apparently established by Imms
was his demonstration that in the “Thysanura Entognatha”’
the antennae are of the first type (Fig. 2), having many true
segments; while, in the ““Thysanura Ectognatha”’ and all the
Pterygota the antennae are of the second type, having a true
basal segment and a distal annulated flagellum.

Another important result of imms’ work was his demon-
stration that in all the Collembola only four true segments are
to be found in the antennae. In the genus Orchese//a, where the
antennae have been regarded as six-segmented, he showed that,
according to the musculature, the first and second antennal
segments are each divided into two false segments or subseg-
ments. He found that the first and second segments each con-
tain a levator, a depressor, and an extensor muscle for moving
the approximate distal segment. The third antennal segment,
according to Imms, contains only a levator and a depressor for
moving the distal segment, which is without contained muscles.
The muscles contained in the first and second segments are
very weak and slender.

84 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 5, MAY, 1942

CM i
IVY,

Fic. 2.—Antennal segments VIII to X of a species of Fapyx; to the left,
ventral view; to the right, dorsal view; dp, depressor muscle; drt, dorsal retractor
muscle; ex, extensors; orf, ventral retractor muscle. (After Imms, 1939.)

I have examined many mounts of Collembola, some of which
show the muscles in good condition, and find a corroboration of
most of the claims stated by Imms. In one species, 4phorura
ambulans (Linn.), the muscles in the second and third segments
are large and conspicuous while in another species, Tomocerus
arcticus Sch., no muscles were detected in the third segment,
although they were unusually well developed in the second,
showing clearly the cross striations which easily identify muscle
fibers. It should be stated that in this species, the third seg-
ment is excessively long, being longer than the other three
segments combined, and annulated throughout.

Could not the arthropods with the antennae of the first type,
as given by Imms, be further divided into two major groups,
(1) those in which the antenna is composed exclusively of a
large and indefinite number of true segments, and (2) those in
which the antenna is composed of a definite, small number of
true segments, but may also possess annulations? If this
division is made, it gives the following grouping:

Under (1): Diplopoda, Chilopoda, Symphyla, ““Thysanura
Entognatha,” and certain crustaceans.

Under (2): Pauropoda and Collembola.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 5, MAY, 1942 85

FOSSIL APTERYGOTANS.

The most ancient fossil apterygotan, according to Tillyard
(1928), is a collembolan found in Lower Devonian peat bogs.
The species is represented by only a few head fragments, which
contribute nothing to our knowledge of the relationships of
the group, yet the finding of an insect in such ancient rocks is a
matter of much importance.

tess ss)

Fic. 3.—Ocellia articulicornis v. Olfers, a diplurid in fossil amber; at left,
dorsal view; at right, ventral view of left half of abdomen. (After v. Olfers,

1907.)

In general, but few fossil apterygotans have been found, and
most of them were in amber. Some of these, however, have
been well described and figured. For the most part they
represent species belonging to modern genera or to genera closely

86 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 5, MAY, 1942

related to modern genera. Two of the species are unusual
because they exhibit characters of considerably phylogenetic
importance. The first is the type of the genus Oce//ia established
by Olfers (1907). This species, O. articulicornis (Fig. 3), is
represented by two specimens and is quite remarkable in that
it has the characters of both the Diplura and Triplura. Because
of the presence of but two caudal appendages it is placed in
the Diplura, but a new family is created for it. According to
Olfers (1907) this species (Fig. 3) is about five millimeters long.
In general it has the appearance of a campodeid, but it has the
hypognathous head, the long maxillary palpi, and the compound
eyes of a lepismatid. The antennae are intermediate in char-
acter between the true pterygotan type of most of the Triplura
and the long beaded type, typical of the Diplura. The two-
segmented tarsi also are intermediate in character between the
unsegmented tarsi of the other diplurans and the typical three-
segmented tarsi of the triplurans. The thorax, with its three

MBlic. 4.—Maxilla of a machilid, Nesomachilis sp., cd, cardo; ga, galea; /c,
lacinia; 0, levator muscle of palpus; p/f, palpifer; p/p, maxillary palpus; q,
depressor muscle of palpus; s/, stipes. (Adapted from Snodgrass, 1928.)

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 5, MAY, 1942 87

subequal, freely articulated segments, is like that found in the
subfamily Maindroniinae, of the family Lepismatidae.

The other fossil apterygotan of particular interest is a
collembolan, described by the late J. W. Folson (1937) from
Canadian amber. He described it as Protentomobrya walkeri
and erected for it a new family, the Protentomobryidae. This
collembolan is remarkable in not having a true spring or
furcula but being provided instead with a pair of slender, diverg-
ing stylets, each swollen basally. Except for this peculiar
character, P. wa/keri would be placed in the family Ento-
mobryidae. That it is a more primitive form connecting the
Entomobryidae with the remainder of the Collembola is evident.

INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF SOME OF THE GROUPS OF
PRIMITIVE INSECTS.

In recent years morphologists, as a result of a more intensified
study of some of the common and larger species of apterygotans,
have emphasized points of their apparent disunity. Particularly
have they been inclined to break up the old group Thysanura
into two orders or subclasses, to which the names Entognatha
(=Entotropha) and Ectognatha (Ectotropha) have been given.
Thus, on the basis of a study of the mandibles, the Lepismatidae
have been regarded as having the two-hinged insectean type,
and to be closely related to the Pterygota; while the Machilidae,
with a single-hinged mandible, are to be placed in a lower cate-
gory with other apterygotans.

Also the Lepismatidae have been regarded as having the true
insectean type of antenna, with a basal segment, followed by a
subsegment bearing a multiannulated flagellum, while the Ento-
gnatha are observed to have the long, beaded type, with an
indefinite number of true segments.

While such conclusions are warranted by a study of the more
common forms of Apterygota, yet some of the smaller and rarer
species show characters that are intermediate and in a way
connect these groups that appear to be so diverse. Thus,
while it is true that the mandibles of the typical members of the
Lepismatidae are two-hinged and similar to those of pterygote
insects, yet in some genera there is no articulating condyle
at the basal hinge, as is found in most insects, but a ridge.
Further, the anterior, or more distal, articulation in some
genera is so primitive as to be represented merely by two thick-
ened pressure points of the integument, there being no socket or
process.

The distinction made between the Lepismatidae and most
other primitive insects, on the basis of their antennae being of
the pterygotan type witha scape and a long, annulated flagellum,
is not so sharp when some of the rarer members of the sub-

88 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 5, MAY, 1942

pal eee gl
MOIS SES
SUL bead
BAe p Bs

Fic. 5.—Ventral view of labium of lepismatid, Crenolepisma longicauda

Escherich; g/, glossa; p, labial palpi; pg/, paraglossa; pmt, postmentum; prmt,
prementum. (Adapted from Escherich, 1905.)

\
!
|
U
'
I
'
’
'
‘

Fic. 6.—Ventral view of pretarsus and end of tarsus of a campodeid (family
Campodeidae) with terminology for different parts (semidiagrammatic); a,
auxilia; df, basal tooth of lateral claw; c, canaliculae; /c, lateral claws; mc,
median claw (arolium); p, setalike pulvillus; ¢, tarsus; uv, unguitractor; us,
ungual seta.

family Maindroniinae are considered. Some of these (Fig. 7)

have antennae of the beaded type as found in the Diplura.
Those who divide most of the apterygotan insects into two

groups, the Entognatha and the Ectognatha, emphasize a

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 4, MAY, 1942 89

character which in most species is easily detected yet in others
is ascertained with difficulty. Actually there is a great variation
in the degree to which the mouth parts have been infolded, and
the deeper significance of such infolding, such as it is, has not
been properly understood. The writer has noted that the type
of mandible present in the Japygidae, with its long, unsegmented
shaft and cone-shaped basal end articulating with a funnel-
shaped socket in the head, is repeated in some of the Collembola

=
2

Zr ane
i
CS

cn
La
Ae 1
L |
yy Hh XS
{) H Qe
on.
ff ! \
jf \
ff | N
t |
Lt
1

Fic. 7.—Trinemophora michaelseni Schaffer, a lepismatid, with several]

diplurid characters. (After Escherich, 1905.)

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 5, MAY, 1942

<<
CROTAP YG
NS) KS
a “
a> » Co
— XE Y ra fan
SS 4a ZN O Za a Y
IS fo) S oe fa) Q>
Sia; >» ©) Se a ie {Pre
Lny y (e) x = iS /Ny
Ae O Xl Q
ICOLET, isp) nS
als a So
a te
MAINDRONIINAE a m 0 Ay
— < ul x Ye NX
C ie) ui Sy
i is iS) <P
S tal fe) te
PAACHILIDAE a ol 39 e
Re) e
a RR a)
ae)
EOSE
< NTOMIDAE Je a [x
o@e - a /S _cona (SMINTHURIDAE)
Py, gy RM Ips
S eg S OE
‘ OMOBRY|
AY, ES ARTHROPLES emt DAE
Lo (e) A (6)
Ge SS fe Ss “Ap
uy Ql af fo S oy
w ah (2 % ;
SG fo és Ke, wy
& ®
Ge eA
SYMPHYLA

Fic. 8.—Phylogenetic tree indicating the suggested origin of the Apterygota
and the derivation and relationships of its various subgroups.

which are entognathous, yet the mandibles of certain other
collembolans (Fig. 1, D) have a typical articulating condyle.

While most of the members of the family Lepismatidae have
the characters with which entomologists in general are familiar,

yet those of Trinemophora (Fig. 7) are strangely mixed with
those of members of both the old groups, Ectognatha and
Entognatha. This is well displayed in Escherich’s figure of

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 5, MAY, 1942 9|

Trinemophora michaelsent Schaffer (Fig. 7). Although this
species is a lepismatid and a tripluran it has the following diplurid
characters: The general shape of the body, which is campodei-
form, the prognathous head, the absence of ey es, the beaded
antennae, the absence of body scales, and a thorax with sub-
equal, freely articulated segments. It is further noted that the
two-segmented tarsi represent an intermediate condition be-
tween the old groups Ectognatha and Entognatha.

THE FAMILIES AND SUBFAMILIES OF COLLEMBOLA.

As compared to the Thysanura, the Collembola are more
homogenous and undoubtedly constitute a more compact natural
group, yet apparently because of their large numbers and
extremely wide distribution, they have been placed in several
families and many subfamilies. The numbers of both of these are
here much reduced. The family Actaletidae Handlirsh, based
on the genus A4ctaletes Giard, probably is not well founded. In
Actaletes the head is hypognathous, with the antennae situated
in the middle, and the last three abdominal segments are fused.
Further, it is claimed that cephalic tracheae are present and the
gonads are of unusual shape. The head characters here men-
tioned would apply equally to Podura and the fusion of the
last three abdominal segments is not restricted to Actaletes.
Lastly, the claims of the presence of cephalic tracheae and the
peculiarities of the gonads need further confirmation. If this
family is to be recognized as a subfamily it should come next to
the Isotominae in the family Entomobryidae. The family
Neelidae Folsom differs but slightly, due to intergrades, from
the Sminthuridae. Its retention as a subfamily possibly 1
indicated.

KEY FoR THE CLAssIFICATION OF CERTAIN PRIMITIVE ARTHROPOD Groups,
INcLUDING THE APTERYGOTA.

A. Body divided into 2 regions, a head, consisting of the consolidation
of the preoral segments plus the first 4 postoral segments, and a
chain of freely articulated segments; genital opening farther for-
ward than the fifth postcephalic body segment.

B. Body region composed of 12 segments, and with most of the terga
fused into couples, their number being less than that of the
9 evenly spaced legs; first body segment with vestigial appen-
dages; head hypognathous; antennae branched at apex of
fourth segment; mandibles unsegmented; genital opening
on third postcephalic body segment... PAUROPODA Lubbock
BB. Body region composed of more than 12 segments, and with none
of its terga fused into couples, number of terga greater than
that of the 12 pairs of legs usually present (the first pair may

92 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 5, MAY, 1942

be either reduced or absent); head prognathous; antennae not

branched; mandibles 2-segmented; genital opening on fourth
postcephalic body segment... 2.22 SYMPHYLA Ryder

AA. Body divided into 3 regions, a head, composed of the preoral and

first 4 postoral segments, a leg-bearing thorax, composed of the

first 3 postcephalic segments, and an abdomen composed of a chain

of 6 to 12 segments; genital opening farther back than seventh

postcephalic segment.

B. Dorsum of head frequently showing a series of transverse
sutures possibly indicating its division into primitive terga;
antennae absent; mandibles lancelike, toothless, protrusible;
pretarsi with a single claw; abdomen with 12 segments in
adult, a single segment being added during each molt of
immature individual; abdominal appendages absent from
segments behind the third; genital opening between sterna
NaMand: Xs ee PROTURA Silvestri

BB. Dorsum of head never showing a series of transverse sutures;
antennae present; mandibles usually with teeth and adapted
for chewing; pretarsi in adults with 1 to 3 claws each; abdo-
men never with more than 11 segments and no segments
added after embryonic stage; abdominal appendages may be
on any segment; genital opening never farther back than
membrane between sterna |X and X.

C. Abdomen composed of 6 segments in all instars, including the
embryo; 2 or more adjacent segments frequently partially or
entirely anchylosed; segment I with a median ventral appen-
dage in the form of a tube; II usually with a short, greatly
modified ventral appendage; IV usually with a forked appen-
dage used for jumping; total cleavage taking place in em-
bryonic development; antennae composed of 4 true segments,
but segments I and II each may be divided into 2 subseg-
ments and III and IV into many annulations; mandibles usu-
ally present and adapted for chewing, rarely reduced to stylets
or absent; tracheae, when present, without anastomosis and
opening through a single pair of spiracles on the neck; mal-
pighian vessels absent; tarsi very short, or absent (probably
beings fused with tibiae) COLLEMBOLA Lubbock

CC. Abdomen composed of 10 or 11 freely articulated segments;
appendages of no pair fused into a tube or forming a forked,
median appendage; antennae composed of a large number of
true segments or a basal true segment and many annulations;
mandibles always present and adapted for cutting or chewing;
tracheae opening through spiracles situated farther back than
the neck; malpighian vessels sometimes present, but poorly

developed; tarsi not reduced or fused with tibiae...
THYSANURA Lubbock

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 5, MAY, 1942 93

KEY FOR THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE FAMILIES AND SUBFAMILIES OF PROTURA.?

A. Tracheae present and opening through 2 pairs of spiracles, 1 on meso-

thorax and 1 on metathorax; abdominal segments I-III each with

a pair of 2-segmented appendages; abdominal combs absent
EOSENTOMIDAE Berlese

AA. Tracheae absent; abdominal segment III with a pair of unsegmented

appendages; a pair of abdominal combs usually present on segment

VIII.

B. Abdominal terga without transverse lines or sutures or latero-
tergites but each with 1 complete, transverse row of setae;
abdominal combs reduced or absent... PROTENTOMIDAE Ewing

C. Second pair of abdominal appendages 2-segmented; abdominal
combs present; tarsus I with sensory setae...

PROTENTOMINAE Mills
CC. Second pair of abdominal appendages unsegmented; abdominal
COMMDS#A DSCHts ae ee ee MICROENTOMINAE Ewing
BB. At least some abdominal terga each with | to 3 transverse lines or
sutures, a pair of laterotergites, and 2 complete transverse
rows of setae; abdominal combs not reduced...

ACERENTOMIDAE Berlese

Key ror THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE SUBORDERS, SUPERFAMILIES, FAMILIES,
AND SUBFAMILIES OF THYSANURA.

A. Mouth parts withdrawn into the head; antennae usually divided into
many true segments none of which is annulated; mandibles each
articulating with head by means of its cone-shaped proximal end
fitting into a funnel-shaped socket; tarsi usually simple, never
divided into more than 2 subsegments; abdomen provided with
Onlyvavecaudalgappencdagess (Gere!) mea ae enn ee ann ent
DIPLURA Borner (=THYSANURA ENTOTROPHA Grassi)

B. Tracheal system with longitudinal connecting trunks between

adjacent spiracular trunks; thoracic spiracles, when unreduced

in number, 4, a dorsolateral and ventrolateral pair on each

of the last 2 segments; abdominal spiracles, when unreduced,

7, 1 pair on each of first 7 segments; pretarsal claws without

dorsal foliaceous expansions; cerci stout, relatively short
FAPYGOIDEA, new superfamily

C. Cerci segmented, straight, tapering, each bearing apically the

opening of a duct from spinning glands; mandible with pros-

theca (inner, subbasal appendix); abdominal segment I with

2 pairs of appendages; segment IX of abdomen not greatly

shortened but similar to the other segments; female with 2
2 The keys for the classification of the different groups of Apterygota that
are presentedinthe following pages have been based in part or largely upon the
work of the following: Protura, Ewing (1940); Japygidae, Womersley (1939);

Machilidae, Verhoeff (1910); Lepismatidae, Escherich (1905), and Collembola,
Mills (1934).

94 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 5, MAY, 1942

pairs of ovaries situated in abdominal segments IV to VI;

6 very short malpighian tubes present... PROFJAPYGIDAE Cook
CC. Cerci unsegmented, modified into a pair of hooked pincers;

spinning glands absent; mandible without prostheca; ab-

dominal segment I with | pair of appendages in addition to

a pair of seta-bearing subcoxal organs; segment LX of abdo-

men greatly shortened and modified so as firmly to join with

the lengthened and heavily sclerotized segment X; female, in

some species at least, with a pair of simple ovaries in each

of abdominal segments I to VII; malpighian tubes vestigial

OF pabsem tae ate ee 2 Eee See FAPYGIDAE Lubbock?®

D. Antennae with sense-setae on some of the segments.

FE. Antennae with sense-setae on other segments in addition

to IV to VI.

F. Sense-setae on antennal segments IV to XIII; labial
palpi present; body almost naked above; pretarsi
each with a middle claw; spiracles on abdominal
segment VII very oblong and greatly enlarged

HETEROFAPYGINAE Womersley
FF. Sense-setae on antennal segments IV to XX; labial
palpi wanting; body and appendages provided
with many long, hairlike setae; pretarsi each with
2 subequal claws............ DINFAPGINAE Womersley
EE. Antennae with sense-setae on segments IV to VI only
FAPYGINAE Womersley
DD. Antennae without sense-setae; labial palpi wanting
PARAFAPYGINAE Womersley
BB. Tracheal system of a primitive type in that there is no anastomosis
betwteen the tracheae opening through one spiracle with those
opening through another spiracle; thoracic spiracles, as far as
known, 3, a dorsolateral and a ventrolateral pair on mesothorax
and a dorsolateral pair on metathorax; abdomen without spiracles;
pretarsal claws frequently with a dorsal foliaceous expansion; cerci
long, slender, flagelliform, marked by many annulations_..___
CAMPODEOIDEA Handlirsch
C. Head prognathous; eyes absent; antennal segments short, fre-
quently beadlike; tarsi unsegmented; abdominal segments
III to VII with appendages, VIII and IX without...
CAM PODEIDAE Meinert
CC. Head hypognathous; compound eyes present; antennal seg-
ments much longer than broad; tarsi 2-segmented; abdominal

3 The family name Japygidae is based on the generic name Yapyx, which
originally was spelled /apyx. Although the emended spelling of the name has
been almost universally used in recent years, justification for the emendation
is to be questioned since Latin dictionaries give the spelling Japyx. The word
is derived from the Greek poetical name for an inhabitant of Calabria, that
part of Italy forming the “toe of the boot.”

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 5, MAY, 1942 95

segments IT and III without appendages, IV to [X each with 2
pairs of appendages. Contains a single extinct species.
OCELLITDAE, new family
AA. Mouth parts not withdrawn into the head; antennae usually divided
into a basal true segment, followed by a short subsegment bearing
a distal fagellum composed of many annulations; mandibles with
either | or 2 articulations to the head; tarsi divided into 2, 3, or 4
subsegments; abdomen provided with 3 caudal appendages...
TRIPLURAZ, new name (=THYSANURA ECTOTROPHA Grassi)
B. Body compressed, or flattened laterally; mandibles each articu-
lating with the head by means of a condyle on its proximal end
fitting into an acetabulum; tracheal system of a primitive
type in that there is no anastomosis between the tracheae
opening through one spiracle with those opening through
another; coxae IT and III frequently with a styletlike process;
tarsi each with 3 subsegments, the first usually being so
reduced as to permit the middle subsegment to articulate
dorsally with the tibia... _..._ MACHILIDAE Grassi
C. Not more than a single pair of eversible sacs on any one ab-
~ dominal segment.
D. Abdominal segments II to VII with large, triangular
Steinat,..) W2_ <a e aenee i PREMACHILINAE Carpenter
DD. All abdominal sterna very small, some not visible...
MEINERTELLINAE Verhoeff
CC. Two pairs of eversible sacs on each of 2 or more abdominal
SER ITE HLS epee arenes yi eet lent cae anc elec MACHILINAE Verhoeft
BB. Body depressed or flattened dorsoventrally; mandibles usually having
2 articulations with the head, a basal and an inner distal; tracheal
system, when unreduced, with both longitudinal and transverse
connecting trunks between the spiracular trunks; coxae II and III
without appendages; tarsi with 2 to 4 subsegments, when with 3
subsegments, the first usually the longest, the second short and never
articulating: with the tibia... LEPISMATIDAE Burmeister
C. Body slender, without scales, and with sides subparallel; head
longer than prothorax; inner margin of maxillary lacinia
SHTNOO fel Pe eta eRe ee Men oes MAINDRONIINAE Escherich
CC. Body stouter, usually with scales, and sides seldom subparallel;
head shorter than prothorax; inner margin of maxillary
lacinia with teeth and setae.
D. Eyes absent; body with or without scales; subcoxae of
genital segments narrow, not covering bases of gonapo-
5 ON Sti Le NICOLETIINAE Escherich
DD. Eyes present; body with scales; subcoxae of genital seg-
ments broad, covering bases of gonapophyses......
LEPISMATINAE Escherich

96 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 5, MAY, 1942

KEY FOR THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE SUBORDERS, FAMILIES, AND SUBFAMILIES
OF COLLEMBOLA.

A. Body elongate, not swollen; segments of thorax and abdomen distinct
from one another, except in a few cases where some of the most
posterior segments of abdomen are ankylosed; antennal segments I
and II each may be divided into 2 subsegments; postantennal
organ may be present; sacs of ventral tube small, without warts

ARTHROPLEONA Borner
B. Abdominal segment IV provided with a pair of long, slender
stylets, but no furcula; first abdominal segment much reduced.

Contains a single extinct species, known only from Canadian

aim beter te tt oJ etc lee asin: Seer ee PROTENTOMOBRYIDAE Folsom

BB. Abdominal segment IV without a pair of stylets, but usually pro-
vided with a forked appendage called the furcula.

C. Integument smooth (rarely minutely granulate), covered
with setae or scales; prothorax much reduced dorsally,
without prominent dorsal setae; furcula usually present.

ENTOMOBRYIDAE Tomésvary
D. Tergum IV of abdomen usually much longer than
III; posterior abdominal segments never anky-

losccdlt eaeeet a eee ENTOMOBRYINAE Schiffer
DD. Tergum IV of abdomen subequal to III; some of
posterior abdominal segments may be ankylosed.

E. Body scaled; antennal segments III and IV
annulate; posterior abdominal segments never
anikxylosed= sae TOMOCERINAE Schifter

EE. Body not scaled; antennal segments III and IV
seldom annulate; last 2 or 3 abdominal seg-
ments may be ankylosed JSOTOMINAE Schiffer

CC. Integument granulate or tuberculate, never bearing scales;
prothorax much less reduced, with prominent dorsal
setae; furcula frequently wanting. PODURIDAE Lubbock
AA. Body short, swollen, frequently subglobose; first 4 abdominal seg-
ments, and frequently those of the thorax in addition, ankylosed,
forming a single mass; neither antennal segment I nor II divided
into subsegments; postantennal organs absent; sacs of ventral tube
large, frequently warty..................... _.SYMPHYPLEONA Borner
Contains but a single family... SMINTHURIDAE Lubbock

CONCLUSIONS.

1. Only three of the several theories of the origin of insects
have any important following today.

2. Since the prevailing evidence appears to be against the
acceptance of the Crustacean Theory of the origin of insects,
it is ill advised to use such crustacean terms as endopodite and
exopodite, as well as certain others, in naming parts of an insect-
ean segmental appendage. The use of such terms in describing

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 5, MAY, 1942 oF

the male genitalia (of fleas, for example), as is done today by
some of the leading authorities for that group, is unwarranted
confusing, and not justified on the grounds of homology.

3. The distal segment of the two-segmented mandible in the
Symphyla is joined in a peculiar way to the first segment by
means of a tricondylic hinge.

4. Of the two pairs of mesothoracic spiracles found in the
Japygidae, apparently it is the ventrolateral pair that persists
in pterygote insects.

5. The so-called neck spiracles of certain Collembola probably
are not of the most primitive type as has been claimed, but
represent a reduction from a segmentally arranged system.
This is indicated by the presence of spiracles on or near the
mouth parts in arthropod groups other than the Collembola,
and by the presence of maxillary spiracles in the embryo of
the honey bee.

6. Although the antennae of all arthropods may roughly be
regarded as belonging to two types, segmented antennae and
annulated antennae, an intermediate type may be recognized
for those antennae that are composed of a small but definite
number of true segments, some of which may be annulated.

7. The characters of certain of the little known and of fossil
species of Thysanura tend to unite the families and subfamilies
of the same into a more unified group than has been granted by
most students of phylogeny.

8. While the Protura and Collembola are to be regarded as
groups of very ancient origin and probably should not be
included in Insecta proper, yet they both have many of the
characteristics of other apterygotans and some of those of the
more generalized pterygotans.

LITERATURE CITED.

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Theorie. Verh. zool. bot. ges. Wien., 19: [299]-318, pl. 10.
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Crampton, G. C. 1916. The Orders and Relationships of Apterygotan Insects.
Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 24: 267-301, 2 figs.
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Escuericu, K. 1905. Das System der Lepismatiden. Zoologica, 18 (Heft 43,
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Mencg, A. 1851. Myriapoden der Umgegend von Danzig. Neueste Schrif.
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Mitts, H. B. 1934. A Monograph of the Collembola of Iowa, 143 pp., 12
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PackarD, A. S., Jr. 1873. Occurrence of Rare and New Myriapods in Massa-
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1881. Scolopendrella and its Position in Nature. Amer. Nat., 15: 698-704,
1 fig.

Ryper, J. A. 1880. Scolopendrella as the Type of a new Order of Articulates
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1881. The Structure, Affinities and Species of Scolopendrella. Proc. Acad.
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Sttvestri, F. 1901. Materiali per lo studio dei Tisanuri. Bul. Soc. Ent. Ital.,
33: 204-249, 48 figs.

1907. Nuova Contribuzione alla conascenza dell Anajapyx vesiculosus Silv.
Bol. Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr. d. R. Scu. Sup. Agric. Portici, 1: [3]-15, 12 figs.

Snoperass, R. E. 1928. Morphology and Evolution of the Insect Head and
its Appendages. Smithsn. Inst. Misc. Col., 81 (3): 1-158, 57 figs.

1935. Principles of Insect Morphology, 667 pp., 319 figs. McGraw-Hill,
New York and London.

1938. Evolution of the Annelida, Onychophora, and Arthropoda. Smithsn.
Misc. Col., 97 (6): 1-159, 54 figs.

Tittyarp, R. J. 1928. Some Remarks on the Devonian Fossil Insects from the
Rhynie Chert Beds, Old Red Sandstone. Trans. Roy. Ent. Soc. Lond.,
76: 65-71, 3 figs.

1930. The Evolution of the Class Insecta. Pap. & Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasmania,
1930, 89 pp., 19 figs.

Veruoerr, K. W. 1910. Uber Felsenspringer, Machiloidea, 4. Aufsatz:
Systematik und Orthomorphose. Zool. Anz. 36: 425-438.

Womers ey, H. 1939. Primitive Insects of South Australia. Handb. of Flora
and Fauna So. Australia, issued by So. Austr. Br. Brit. Sci. Guild, 322 pp.
84 figs.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 5, MAY, 1942 99

NEW OR LITTLE-KNOWN WEST INDIAN KINNARIDAE
(HOMOPTERA : FULGOROIDEA).

By R. G. FEennan,

Entomologist, Citrus Pests Investigation, Windward and Leeward Islands.

The Kinnaridae have been separated by Muir from the
Cixitidae by reason of their different male genitalia and the
presence in the female of wax-bearing glands on the sixth,
seventh and eighth abdominal tergites. In 1930 seven genera
were listed in this family, and an eighth is added below. Five
of these occur in the West Indies, as follows: 4topocixius Muir
in Haiti, Oeclidius Van Lruzee in Jamaica, Paroeclidius Myers
in Cuba, Prosotropis Uhler and Quilessa (described below) in
the Lesser Antilles.

Mr. W. E. China has kindly compared the Lesser Antillean
genera with the closely allied Eparmene Fowler. His notes
and drawings are incorporated i in the present paper with grate-
ful acknowledgment.

KEY TO THE GENERA OF KINNARIDAE.

(Giya(3) et Nowmnediancarina’onfronss 29. 2) ee er eee (2)

(2) (3) <A subantennal process in form of a ridge across gena.__Kinnara Dist.

GOP Norsuch nidgelontgenaes sees a ie ee ab tl((C9)

(4) (7) Vertex extremely narrow, projecting not less than a quarter
before eyes, lateral frontal carinae prominent... (5)

(5) (6) Vertex produced not more than one-third before eyes...Oeclidius V. D.

(6) (5) Vertex produced fully one-half before eyes... Paroeclidius Myers

(7) (4) Vertex not extremely narrow, lateral carinae of frons small.
Paramicrixia Dist.
(S)MCh) HeUNicdianicatinavontirons. 142 Seu es Se ee (9)
(9) (10) Median carina not nearly reaching apex of frons; clypeus as
wide as frons at widest part, without a median carina.
Eparmene Fowl.
(10) (9) Median carina of frons reaching apex; clypeus narrower than

widest part of frons, with a median carina. (11)
Ci) C2) eRronotumytnicarimateron! discels sees een ey eee (13)
(12) (11) Pronotum with only median carina on dise _..... Quilessa gen. nov.
(13) (14) Scutellum rounded at apex; apex of clavus almost exactly

bisecting’commiussural marginy 2") Prosotropis Uhl.
(14) (13) Scutellum pointed at apex; apex of clavus beyond middle of

COMM SS ical Aran ree ee ee Ee ee, Atopocixius Muir

Of the genera which have a median frontal carina, Eparmene
has frontal margins parallel in the apical half, while the remain-
der have frontal margins sinuately expanded in the apical third,
and narrowing thence to the apex. Afopocixius has a frons
twice as long as wide, whereas 1n Prosotropis and Quilessa the

100 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 5, MAY, 1942

frons is scarcely a third longer than wide. In Prosotropis the
base of the vertex is almost straight, in Quz/essa it is usually
angularly emarginate. The differences in tegminal venation
between these four genera are well marked (for Atopocixius see
Muir, Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc. VI, 2, 1926); less information 1s
available concerning the wings, but Prosotropis differs from
Quilessa in having the fourth apical cell bluntly triangular and
much shorter than its stalk, the corresponding cell in Quilessa
being elongate and exceeding the length of its stalk.

The holotypes or topotypes of species discussed in this paper
have been deposited in the U.S. National Museum. Topotypes
of P. decorata Uhl., and paratypes of all species except P. rudbi-
ginosa and P. marmorata have been sent to the British Museum
(Natural History) and to the Museum of Comparative Zoology,
Cambridge, Mass., U. S. A.

PROSOTROPIS Uhler.
1895, Uhler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 70. Genotype P. decorata Uhl.

Head, with eyes, scarcely two-thirds width of pronotum. Vertex longer
than wide, expanding to base, which is shallowly excavated; median and
lateral carinae well developed, curving uninterruptedly on to frons; no trans-
verse carina. Frons longer than its widest part (1.4 to 1), base about half as
wide as apex; sides expanding to six-sevenths from base, then smoothly con-
verging to apical margin; lateral and median carinae distinct. Clypeus at
base four-fifths as wide as widest part of frons; tapering acutely to apex;
median and lateral carinae present. Clypeus and apical half of frons convex,
basal part of frons sloping smoothly posteriorly into vertex. No median
ocellus. Genae somewhat tumid below antennae; antennae with basal seg-
ment very short, second segment slightly longer than broad; no subantennal
process. Eyes abruptly emarginate ventrally. Pronotum slightly longer than
vertex, anterior margin shallowly excavated behind eyes, posterior border
scarcely emarginate, curving anteriorly at sides. Median carina distinct, two
weak lateral carinae on disc diverging posteriorly; a strong carina at each lateral
margin, between eye and tegula. Mesonotum feebly convex, tricarinate, the
carinae feebly elevated, apical region strongly concave, tip of scutellum bluntly
rounded. Hind tibiae unarmed. Anal segment of male deeply bifid, aedeagus
with a ventral keel and two sclerotised rods, genital styles with a lateral
setigerous eminence. Ovipositor incomplete. Egg bluntly ovoid.

Tegmina with sides expanding apically for two-thirds of length, almost
symmetrically rounded at tip, length two and a quarter times greatest width;
margin bordered all round, border widening at stigma, transversely rugose
distally. Clavus not granulate. Costal cell wide, slightly expanding apically;
Sc+R joined to near stigma; common stalk Sc+R+M half as long as basal
cell. Typically seven or eight apical cells, the first trapezoidal with inner
side curved, the second triangular with inner angle acutely curved, the third
smaller, triangular, the fourth long, rectangular, occupying apex of tegmen;

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 5, MAY, 1942 101

the following one, two, or three triangular, the penultimate long, curved, almost
wedge-shaped, the last triangular with two sides curved, one point touching
apex of clavus; an ante-apical series of three cells, two with curved sides;
claval vein joining commissural margin before apex; apex of clavus almost
exactly bisecting posterior margin. Wing with fourth apical cell shorter than
its basal stalk.

Prosoptropis decorata Uhl.

Male.—Length, 1.6 mm.; tegmen, 1.8 mm. Female.—Length, 1.9 mm.;
tegmen, 2.1 mm.

Vertex testaceous, a dark spot on each side of middle line. Frons fuscous
basally, becoming paler towards apex; clypeus and genae pale fuscous; eyes red;
second joint of antennae very pale yellow. Pronotum fuscous with testaceous
patches; mesonotum dark, almost piceous, scutellum pale cream, often edged
posteriorly with white. Pro- and mesocoxae and angles of hind femora fuscous,
legs otherwise very pale. Abdominal sclerites and genitalia fuscous, membrane
red. Tegmen hyaline, costal cell crossed obliquely by three fuscous areas,
the middle largest; a broad undulate dark band from base of clavus to stigma,
narrowly produced posteriorly to apex of clavus; a trapezoidal dark area at
apical margin, anterior to middle. Vein M3 forking into two before apex.
Wings hyaline, smoky towards base.

Anal segment of male bifid into two processes curving inward distally;
telson a broad horizontal plate with posterior margin setose; aedeagus com-
posed of a crescentic keel-like plate ventrally, two long spines directed posteriorly
and curving slightly upwards distally, and a transparent tube, similarly curved,
truncate at apex; genital styles irregularly pitted along dorsal margin, with a
shallow cup-like indentation near apex; a triangular flange near middle, curving
outward, densely beset with short setae on anterior margin; basad of this a
small setigerous eminence curved outwards and downwards.

Anal segment of female short with small lobes laterally at apex; telson as
in male. Lateral styles tapering to slender upturned point, with a setigerous
lobe below; ventral styles abruptly tapering distally, with straight inner
margin. Pregenital plate equilaterally triangular with angles almost equally
truncate.

Genus and species redescribed from 26 male and 23 female
topotypes collected by the writer in Petit Bordel Valley, St.
Vincent, B. W. I. (Aug. 23, 1941) on Tabernaemontana sp.
Specimens from this material were compared with Uhler’s
female type by Mr. W. E. China and were found to agree
perfectly. As far as is known the species is endemic in St.
Vincent, where it is the only representative of the genus.

Prosotropis trinervosa, sp. n.

Male.—Length, 1.7 mm.; tegmen, 1.8 mm. Female.—Length, 1.8 mm.;
tegmen, 2.1 mm.

Vertex piceous; frons piceous basally, fuscous at apex; clypeus and genae
pale fuscous; eyes red; second joint of antennae pale fuscous. Pronotum and
mesonotum fuscous, scutellum white or pale. Pro- and mesocoxae and part

102 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 5, MAY, 1942

of hind femora pale fuscous, legs otherwise very pale. Abdominal sclerites
fuscous, membrane red to pallid. Tegmina hyaline, costal cell crossed obliquely
by three mottled fuscous bands, a broad sinuate band heavily mottled with
fuscous from base of clavus to stigma, produced broadly posteriorly to apex
of clavus, a large fuscous area occupying apex of tegmen. Vein M3 three
branched before apex. Wings hyaline, smoky towards base.

Anal segment of male bifid into two processes curving inward distally;
telson a broad horizontal plate with posterior margin setose; aedeagus with a
crescentic keel-like plate ventrally, two long spines directed posteriorly, and a
transparent tube, curved upward distally, truncate at apex; genital styles
irregularly pitted along dorsal margin, with a long shallow crescentic indenta-
tion near apex; a triangular flange directed outward near middle, densely
beset with short setae; basad of this a small setigerous lobe curved outward
and downward.

Anal segment of female short with small lobes laterally at apex. Lateral
styles tapering to a slender point, ventral styles tapering abruptly. Pregenital
plate equilaterally triangular with angles almost equally truncate.

Described from 45 males and 37 females collected by the
writer on Morne Fortunée, St. Lucia, B. W. I. (Nov. 21, 1939)
on Tabernaemontana sp. and other shrubs. This species is
extremely close to P. decorata. he genitalia are all but identi-
cal. A difference has been noted in the shape of the crescentic
indentation near the apex of the male genital styles, that of
P. trinervosa being shallower. In P. decorata M3 forks into two;
in 82 specimens of P. ¢rinervosa, 6 were found with the veinal
condition of P. decorata, 74 had three brancehs to M3, and 2
specimens had four branches to M3. Two specimens possessed
an extra vein dividing the first apical cell. The tegminal patterns
of the two species are quite distinct; both are very stable and
not a single intergrade has been found. The differences in the
colour of the vertex and pronotum are also constant.

Prosotropis rubiginosa, sp. n.

Female.—Length, 2.4 mm.; tegmen, 2.6 mm.

Vertex stramineous, with a dark spot on each side basally; frons, clypeus,
genae and antennae stramineous; eyes red. Pronotum testaceous; mesonotum
pale ferruginous anteriorly, testaceous medially, scutellum pale to white.
Abdominal sclerites ferruginous, membrane pale. Legs stramineous. Tegmina
hyaline, costal area crossed by three rusty-brown oblique lines, the middle of
which is connected posteriorly with a band passing to base of tegmen; a narrow
band from stigma to apex of clavus; a large patch occupying apex; a spot
between claval vein and commissure, and an irregular spot between claval veins.
Vein M3 two-branched apically. Wings hyaline, brownish towards base.

Anal segment of female short with a minute lobe on each side of apex. Lateral
styles tapering sinuately to slender point. Pregenital plate, large, scoop-shaped
with a horizontal lip posteriorly.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 5, MAY, 1942 103

Described from one female collected by the writer at 1,000 ft.
in mountain forest near the Imperial Road, Dominica, B. W. I.
(June 19, 1939). This species differs from all others in colour
and in tegminal markings, and from P. decorata and P. trinervosa
in the shape of the pregenital plate.

Prosotropis marmorata, sp. n.

Male.—Length, 1.9 mm.; tegmen, 2.0 mm.

Vertex piceous, frons piceous basally, fuscous apically, carinae testaceous;
clypeus, genae, basal segment of antennae fuscous, second segment of antennae
very pale; eyes red. Pronotum and mesonotum piceous, scutellum very pale or
white. Pro- and mesocoxae and hind femora pale fuscous, apex of metatibiae
fuscous, legs otherwise very pale. Abdominal sclerites fuscous, membrane
pale. Tegmina hyaline, costal cell with three dark areas, the middle broad,
connected by a broad band to apex of clavus; Sc+R+M _ fork hyaline; an
irregular band from stigma to apex of clavus; a broad band inside apical margin.
Vein M3 three-branched apically.

Anal segment of male bifid apically, with slender lateral lobes deflexed;
telson a broad horizontal plate posteriorly fringed with setae. Aedeagus with
a crescentic keel-like plate ventrally, one simple and one bifid spine curving
upward distally; a transparent tube expanded and somewhat uncinate at tip
overlying spines. Genital styles with dorsal margin not pitted, lateral lobe
with projection on inner posterior border.

Described from one male collected by the writer at 1,500 ft.
in the Central Hills, Montserrat, B. W. I. (May 21, 1941) ona
low bush in mountain forest. The species is well distinguished
by its tegminal pattern and the shape of the genitalia.

QUILESSA, gen. nov.

Head, with eyes, scarcely two-thirds width of pronotum. Vertex longer than
wide, expanding to base, which is shallowly, and usually angularly, excavated;
median and lateral carinae well developed, curving uninterruptedly on to the
frons; no transverse carina. Frons longer than its widest part (1.2 to 1),
base about half as wide as apex, sides expanding nearly to six-sevenths from
base, then subangularly converging to apex, lateral and median carinae dis-
tinct. Clypeus at base three-quarters as wide as widest part of frons tapering
acutely to apex, median and lateral carinae present; clypeus and apical half of
frons somewhat convex, basal part of frons sloping smoothly posteriorly into
vertex. No median ocellus; genae somewhat tumid below antennae; no sub-
antennal process; antennae with basal segment very short, second segment
slightly longer than broad; eyes widely emarginate ventrally. Pronotum as
long as vertex, anterior margin shallowly excavated behind eyes; posterior
border shallowly emarginate, curving anteriorly at sides; median carina dis-
tinct, lateral carinae of disc obsolete; a strong carina at each lateral margin
between eye and tegula. Mesonotum feebly convex, the three carinae dis-
tinctly elevated, apical region strongly concave, tip of scutellum acute. Hind

104 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 5, MAY, 1942

tibiae unarmed. Anal segment of male bifid, often.asymmetrically; aedeagus
with a ventral keel, often containing a complex sclerotised rod, and often with
a process overhanging dorsally. Pygofer with a lateral process. Ovipositor
incomplete. Egg bluntly ovoid.

Genotype, Quilessa lutea, sp. n.

Quilessa lutea, sp. n.

Male.—Length, 2.3 mm.; tegmen, 2.4 mm. Female.—Length, 2.4 mm.;
tegmen, 2.5 mm.

Vertex testaceous, frons, clypeus, genae and antennae pale stramineous;
eyes red. Pronotum and mesonotum ferruginous, paler at scutellum; pleurites
and legs very pale. Abdominal tergites fuscous, sternites paler, membrane
pale. Tegmina uniformly transparent yellow. Wings hyaline, faintly clouded.

Vertex with posterior border shallowly emarginate in a very obtuse angle.
Anal segment of male bifid, lobe of right side bluntly hooked at tip, that of left
side incurved. Pygofer with a long slender process directed backward and
upward on each side posteriorly. Aedeagus asymmetrical; a blunt knob-like
lobe above base; ventrally a keel-like sheath enclosing a sclerotised rod ending
in two large prongs with a fringe of minute teeth on right side basad of apex;
on left side of crescentic rod curved upward and backward, ending in a distinct
knob. Genital styles with two lobes at apex, the inner with a thickened pos-
terior margin, resembling a hook; below this, between the lobes, a second
similar hook; a setose tuft at base of inner lobe.

Anal segment of female short with a minute lobe at each side apically.
Lateral styles falcate, a horizontal filament arising from dorsal edge, ventral
styles tapering to a blunt point. Pregenital plate scoop-shaped, slightly
tapering posteriorly, posterior margin slightly excavated.

Described from 39 males and 47 females collected by the
writer near Quilesse, at 1,000 ft. in mountain forest, St. Lucia,
B. W. I. (Nov. 24, 1939) on Cyathea sp. This species is distin-
guished by its pale genae and clear yellow tegmina from all
except 9. gladiolata (see below), from which it is separated in the
male by the genitalia and by the narrow rod-like process on the
pygofer, and in the female by the scoop-shaped pregenital plate.

Quilessa gladiolata, sp. n.

Male.—Length, 2.7 mm.; tegmen, 2.4 mm. Female.—Length, 2.9 mm.;
tegmen, 2.7. mm.

Vertex testaceous, frons, clypeus, genae and antennae stramineous or very
pale. Pronotum and mesonotum testaceous or ferruginous; pleurites and legs
very pale, almost white. Abdominal tergites fuscous, sternites and membrane
almost white. Tegmina uniformly transparent yellow; wings hyaline, faintly
clouded.

Vertex with posterior border shallowly emarginate in a very obtuse angle.

Anal segment of male elongate, bifid apically, lateral lobes incurved. Pygofer

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 5, MAY, 1942 105

with a long process, sinuately expanding from base and tapering to a point
apically, on right side, a small sinuate lobe correspondingly on left side. Aedea-
gus with a blunt knob above base; ventrally a keel-like sheath, enclosing a
sclerotised bar forking near apex, fork of right side spatulate, toothed, with
a denticulate ramus basad, fork of left side pincer-like at apex. Genital styles
with a setigerous eminence on dorsal margin, sides terminating in a broad
rounded lobe; apex a very shallow cup.

Anal segment of female short with a minute lobe on each side apically.
Lateral styles bifid, a rounded lobe below, a tapering filament above. Ventral
styles flat, tapering to a blunt point. Pregenital plate deeply bifid into two
large rounded foliaceous lobes.

Described from 21 males and 11 females collected by the
writer at 1,000 ft. in mountain forest near Saltoun, Dominica,
B. W. I. (June 11-July 8, 1939) on low bushes and on ferns.
This species is readily distinguished from all except 9. /utea by
the pale genae and clear yellow tegmina; it differs from 9. /utea
in the genitalia of both sexes.

Quilessa maculata, sp n.

Male.—Length, 2.2 mm.; tegmen, 2.3 mm. Female.—Length, 2.4. mm.;
tegmen, 2.5 mm.

Vertex testaceous, frons, clypeus, genae and antennae very pale. Pronotum
and mesonotum ferruginous sometimes suffused with fuscous, scutellum usually
red at tip. Pleurites and legs very pale. Abdominal tergites fuscous, sternites
and membrane almost white. Tegmina transparent, yellow, a round fuscous
spot at stigma, a small smoky area beyond apex of clavus. Wings hyaline,
faintly clouded.

Vertex with posterior border emarginate almost in a right angle.

Anal segment of male with deep lateral lobes, bifid beyond telson into two
short incurved processes. Pygofer with a short upturned digitate process on
right side, a smaller lobe correspondingly at left. Aedeagus with a ventral
keel bifid apically, enclosing an elongated sheath covering a sclerotised plate
denticulate ventrally and on left margin. Genital styles with a setigerous
eminence on dorsal border near base, a shallowly deflexed hook directed pos-
teriorly at apex.

Anal segment of female very short, truncate at posterior margin. Lateral
styles tapering, somewhat sinuate. Ventral styles deep, with lower margin
reflexed to form a broad trough basally, dorsal and ventral margins tapering
abruptly to pointed apex. Pregenital plate broadly hexagonal.

Described from 18 males and 21 females collected by the
writer at 1,000 ft. in mountain forest near Saltoun, Dominica,
BW. (June 11-July 8, 1939) on low bushes and ferns. This
species is readily distinguished by the markings of the tegmina
and by the genitalia of both sexes.

106 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 5, MAY, 1942

Quilessa nigrigena, sp. n.

Male.—Length, 2.4 mm.; tegmen, 2.6 mm. Female.—Length, 2.9 mm.;
tegmen, 3.0 mm.

Vertex testaceous; frons piceous at base, pale distally; clypeus pale yellow;
genae piceous below antennae, pale yellow in front of antennae, dark above
ocelli; second joint of antennae piceous; eyes red. Pronotum testaceous;
mesonotum testaceous on disc, suffused ferruginous laterally, tip of scutellum
very pale. Legs pale. Abdominal sclerites and genitalia fuscous or ferrugin-
ous. Tegmina hyaline, veins yellow, stigma sometimes suffused yellow. Wings
hyaline.

Vertex slightly emarginate posteriorly.

Anal segment of male bifid beyond telson, process of right side expanded,
that of left tapering, both incurved. Pygofer with a short rounded process on
each side posteriorly. Aedeagus with a deep, flattened, cowl-like ventral keel,
dorsally a sclerotised rod somewhat spatulate at apex directed backward.
Genital styles shallowly grooved lengthwise below, directed upward and back-
ward distally to a point at apex.

Anal segment of female short, terminating in a blunt lobe on each side.
Lateral styles tapering sinuately to a narrow point; ventral styles very broad,
in the shape of a blunt hook at apex. Pregenital plate short, scoop-like, convexly
triangular in ventral view.

Described from 3 males and 2 females collected by the
writer at 1,000 ft. in mountain forest near Saltoun, Dominica,
B. W. I. (June 11-July 8, 1939) on low bushes. This species 1s
readily distinguished by the clear yellow tegmina and the
piceous area on the genae, as well as by the genitalia of both
SeXes..

Quilessa caerulea, sp. n.

Male.—Length, 2.0 mm.; tegmen, 2.2. mm. Female.—Length, 2.4 mm.;
tegmen, 2.4 mm.

Vertex testaceous; frons pale fuscous at base, very pale distally, apical line
narrowly fuscous; clypeus testaceous clouded with fuscous; genae fuscous
below antennae, very pale in front of antennae, somewhat fuscous above ocellus;
eyes red; basal segment of antenna pale, second segment piceous. Pronotum
testaceous, sometimes infuscate; mesonotum ferruginous marked with fuscous
apically, scutellum concolorous; pleurites and coxae somewhat fuscous,
legs very pale yellow. Abdominal sclerites and genitalia fuscous, membrane
red or pallid. Tegmina yellow, costal cell smoky near stigma, which is fuscous,
apical cells smoky. Wings hyaline, faintly clouded. In life the tegmina are
powdered dusky blue.

Vertex shallowly emarginate posteriorly.

Anal segment of male bifid beyond telson, processes short, incurved. Pygofer
witha somewhat pincer-shaped process laterally, directed posteriorly and inward.
Aedeagus a shallow trough rounded at apex, with a percurrent sclerotised rod
curved transversely near apex; a tongue-like eminence in middle of left dorsal

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 5, MAY, 1942 107

margin. Genital styles shallowly grooved on inner surface, terminating in a
recurved point apically.

Anal segment of female short; truncate apically. Lateral styles spatulate,
with a short filament projecting posteriorly from ventral margin; ventral styles
tapering upward near apex to a blunt point. Pregenital plate broad, posterior
margin indented medially, the left posterior lobe often larger than the right.

Described from 65 males and 60 females collected by the
writer at 1,000 ft. in mountain forest near Saltoun, Dominica,
B. W. I. (June 11-July 8, 1939) on low bushes. This species is
readily distinguished by the dusky tegmina, by the dark frons,
and by the genitalia of both sexes.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES 8 AND 9.

1. Eparmene, facial view of head (from drawing supplied by W. E. China).
2. Quilessa, facial view of head.

3. Prosotropis, facial view of head.

4. Eparmene, dorsal view of head and thorax (from drawing supplied by W. E.

China).

5. Prosotropis, dorsal view of head and thorax.

6. Prosotropis, wing.

7. Quilessa, wing.

8. Eparmene, tegmen (from drawing supplied by W. E. China).

9. Quilessa caerulea, tegmen.
10. 9. maculata, tegmen.
11. Quilessa, dorsal view of head and thorax.

12. Prosotropis marmorata, tegmen.

13. P. rubiginosa, tegmen.

14. P. trinervosa, tegmen.

15. P. decorata, tegmen.

16. P. decorata, dorsal view, anal segment of male.
17. P. decorata, dorsal view, anal segment of female.
18. P. decorata, lateral view of anal segment of male.
19. P. decorata, aedeagus.

20. P. decorata, lateral view, genital style of male.
21. P. trinervosa, lateral view, genital style of male.
22. P. decorata, ventral view, genital style of male.
23, 25. P. decorata, ventral and lateral views of ventral process of ovipositor.

24. P. decorata, pregenital plate of female, ventral view.

26. P. marmorata, ventral view, genital style of male.

27, 28. P. rubiginosa, lateral and ventral views of pregenital plate.

29. P. rubiginosa, lateral view of lateral process of ovipositor.

30, 31, 32. P. marmorata, anal segment of male, aedeagus, genital style of male,
lateral view.

33, 34. Quilessa gladiolata, dorsal and lateral views of anal segment of male.

35, 36. 9. gladiolata, processes of pygofer of right side and left side.

37. 9. gladiolata, \ateral view of male genital style.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL.

PLATE 8

[ 108 ]

PLATE 9

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44

[109 |

110 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 5, MAY, 1942

38, 39. Q. gladiolata, left side and right side of aedeagus.

40. Q. gladiolata, pregenital plate of female.

41. 9. gladiolata, lateral view of anal segment and processes of ovipositor.
42. Q. lutea, dorsal view, anal segment of male.

44. Q. lutea, right side and left side of aedeagus.

45. Q. lutea, right lateral process of pygofer.

46, 48. 9. lutea, lateral view, processes of Ovipositor.

49. Q. lutea, lateral and ventral views of male genital style.

50. Q. lutea, ventral view, pregenital plate of female.

S51. 9. maculata, lateral view, anal segment of male.

52, 53. Q. maculata, lateral and ventral views of male genital style.
54. 9. maculata, aedeagus.

55. Q. maculata, lateral view, processes of Ovipositor.

56. Q. maculata, right lateral process of pygofer.

57. 9. maculata, ventral view, pregenital plate.

58, 59. Q. nigrigena, left side and right side of aedeagus.

60, 62. 9. nigrigena, ventral and lateral views of male genital style.
61. Q. nigrigena, lateral view, anal segment of male.

63. Q. nigrigena, lateral process of pygofer.

64. Q. nigrigena, ventral view of pregenital plate of female.

65, 66. Q. nigrigena, processes of Ovipositor.

67. Q. caerulea, lateral view, anal segment of male.

68. Q. caerulea, lateral process of pygofer.

69, 70. Q. caerulea, left side and right side of aedeagus.

71. Q. caerulea, yentral view, pregenital plate of female.

72, 73. Q. caerulea, ventral and lateral views of male genital style.
74. Q. caerulea, lateral view, processes of Ovipositor.

Actual date of publication, May 28, 1942,

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VOL. 44 JUNE, 1942 No. 6

DESCRIPTION OF THE THIRD-STATE LARVA OF
AMPHIMALLON MAJALIS (RAZOUMOWSKY).

By Apam G. Bovine,

Associate in Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.

The material on which the following description is based
is in the U. S. National Museum and in the collection of the
Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.

It consists of

1. Six third-stage larvae from turf, Newark, N. Y., collected
by F. L. Gambrell, N. Y. Agr. Station, on April 27,
1940 (one adult reared from this material).

2. Fifteen third-stage larvae, Newark, N. Y., collected by
F, Le Gamibrelland's: ©. Mendall) Ny Y. Agr. Exp.
Station, on February 16, 1942.

The determination of all larvae to genus has been made by
Adam G. Boving, and the determination to species on the
strength of the reared adult has been made by E. A. Chapin,
Curator of Insects, U. S. National Museum.

DescrIPTION OF THE THIRD-STAGE LARVA.
(Plate 10, plate 11 with figures 1 to 13.)

The middorsal length of the larva measured from anterior margin of frons
to anus, 30 to 35 mm.; the average extreme width of the cranium, 4 mm.

Cranium’ (fig. 1) narrower than prothorax (the width of the prothorax
being about 5 mm.); broader than long with length about 3 mm. Surface of
cranium smooth, shining, cadmium brown and pitted with numerous punctures.
Clypeo-frontal suture (CLFS) well marked; frontal sutures (FS) (=epicranial
arms auct.) fine, whitish, anteriorly convex toward the outside, posteriorly
slightly concave, almost straight, meeting considerably in front of hind margin
of head, forming an angle of about 60 degrees. Epicranial suture (ES) (=epi-
cranial stem auct.) about one-third the length of one of the frontal sutures,
brown ochre with a slightly impressed small anterior enlargement. Anterior
marginal region of frons with two long and three or four shorter setae (k) on
each side in a single transverse series; opposite the middle of the anterior and
convex lateral outline of frons with one seta (1) on each side, between this seta
and the frontal condyle, one seta (m), and one seta (0) at the base of the condyle.

1 The term cranium is used here for the head-capsule formed by the two
immovable parts, viz, the frons and the epicranium.

2 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 6, JUNE, 1942

Epicranium furnished with two setae (p) opposite the slightly concave part of
each frontal suture; near the middle of the lateral outline of epicranium with a
single seta (q), and partly encircling the ring-shaped support (or torulus) of the
antenna (Ant) with a group of eight rather long setae and some short setae
(r! fig. 1 and r? fig. 2), the latter (r?) in a patch extending backwards on the
ventral side of the cranium.

Clypeus (fig. 1) subtrapezoidal, divided into an anterior whitish naked part,
anteclypeus (ACL) and a larger darkly sclerotized part, postclypeus (PCL),
the latter carrying setae and pitted with numerous punctures. On each side of
postclypeus with one anterior and one posterior lateral seta, and between the
anterior seta and the sagittal line with one seta on each side.

Labrum (fig. 1) somewhat longer and slightly narrower than clypeus, angular
at the middle of each lateral outline, and apically somewhat projecting. Across
labrum with a median transverse and complete ridge which is irregularly wrinkled
on its broad, rounded crest; anterior to this ridge, approximately parallel with
it, with two similar but shorter and less complete ridges, one in front of the other.
Surface of labrum pitted with numerous punctures and bearing setae distributed
on each side as follows: On apical projection, two moderately long, stiff setae
(a) (a third seta, marked x, close to the sagittal line, belongs to epipharynx);
anterior to the medium transverse ridge and in the lateral margin itself three
setae (b), near the lateral margin one long seta (c); in front of the median, com-
plete ridge two long setae (d); and behind the ridge a transverse somewhat
irregular series of four long setae (e).

Ocelli absent.

Antenna (fig. 1) as long as the cranium, slender, with four movable articles,
carried by a connate antennal support or torulus (Ant). Subapical article
ventrally produced into a conical process; apical article subelliptical, somewhat
asymmetrical, distally slightly constricted, and furnished with many minute
sensorial pegs in a whitish membrane, dorsally with a kidney-shaped, semi-
transparent sensory spot (sensilla placodea). First, second, and third (or
subapical) articles rather slender; first and third of about equal length, second
article somewhat longer; first and second articles each witha single seta, and
the antennal support with several setae.

Mandible (figs. 4, 5, 6, 9, 10) about as long as cranium and generally as light
colored, but distally with black scissorial part (Sci), and proximally with black
manducatorial part (Mc), dark mandibular fossa, dark condyle, and dark acces-
sory ventral condyle (AcC). Scissorial part (Sci) with a slightly wavy, almost
straight cutting edge which posteriorly is limited by a notch whose hind wall
is produced into a small tooth (figs. 5, 6). On dorsal side, scissorial part marked
by one large sensorial pit (x, fig. 6) accompanied by two or three small punctures,
and in antero-exterior direction from the pit with a short groove having another
pit (y, fig. 6); edge of scissorial part behind the notch smooth. Manducatorial
part (Mc, fig. 5) with a molar structure (Mo, fig. 6). Molar structures different
and asymmetrical on right and left mandibles. Molar structure of right man-
dible (figs. 6, 9) trilobed with the lobes increasing in size posteriorly. Last lobe
or calx (Cx) about one and one-half times as long as wide, with a flat sub-
trapezoidal face divided in two almost equal regions by a transverse carina,
and posteriorly slightly emarginate, Molar structure of left mandible (figs.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 6, JUNE, 1942 113

4, 5) projecting anteriorly and receding posteriorly, bilobed with anterior lobe
shielding the lower posterior lobe; calx (Cx-U) poorly developed but charac-
acterized by a flat, rather thin and pale, piliferous projection termed hamus
(H). A well-developed brush of long bristles found at the bases of both right
and left molar parts. On ventral side of each mandible with a condyle-formed
marginal projection between calx and the mandibular condyle articulating with
the hypopharyngeal sclerite and coordinating the protrusion and retraction of
hypopharynx with the opening and closing of the mandibles. Dorsal surface
of right mandible with a few well-developed setae and punctures at the molar
structure; dorsal surface of left mandible only with some vestigial setulae in the
corresponding place. Dorso-exterior regions of mandibles (DER, fig. 5) without
punctures and setae. Laterally and exteriorly each mandible with elongate-
subtriangular and somewhat sunken surface forming a scrobis (Scr, fig. 5)
limited by two apically converging, low carinae. Distal end of scrobis marked
by a rather short seta and wider part of scrobis with a longitudinal row of
about seven punctures. On and below the ventrolateral carina (VLC, fig. 5)
with a longitudinal row of about eight setae. On ventral side of mandible
with a region, termed the baso-lateral region (BLR, fig. 10) by P. O. Ritcher,
extending from the ventral condyle in anterior direction and carrying a patch
about ten setae. A zone between ventral condyle and accessory marginal pro-
jection (AcC, fig. 10) provided with numerous minute, pointed granules which
constitute a vestigial stridulatory organ (StrZ, fig. 10).

Maxillary lobes (lacinia and galea) fused proximally into a single structure
but distally free. Ventral surface almost exclusively formed by galea; dorsal
surface formed by both galea and lacinia (G and L, fig. 8); galea ending in a
single strong tooth (GT, fig. 8), lacinia in three, basally fused, strong teeth
(LT, fig. 8). S#ipes on dorsal side with a longitudinal row of about 14 pointed,
conical stridulatory teeth (SD, figs. 7, 8). Maxillary palpus (fig. 8) projecting
beyond galea, with four articles; apical article suboval, with sensorial groove
(SG, fig. 8) exteriorly; first, second, and third (or subapical) articles approxi-
mately of same size and one and one-third as long as wide; apical article as long
as second and subapical articles together, at the end with several minute sen-
sorial pegs in a pale membrane. Mawillary articulating area (AM, fig. 8) large
and setose.

Hypopharynx (fig. 8) with large round glossa (G1) beset with short, strong
setae posteriorly and long fine setae anteriorly. Hypopharyngeal sclerite (HS)
blackish, strong, with several tufts of setae and a fossa on each side for the
accessory projection of the mandible.

Labial palpus (fig. 8) with two articles, the apical similar in form to the
apical article of the maxillary palpus but without a sensorial groove laterally.

Epipharynx (fig. 3) situated under labrum and clypeus, continued into the
dorsal wall of the pharynx, with boundary line toward pharynx marked by the
transverse, curved crepis (Crep). Apical region (AR) anterior to zygum (Z)
beset with numerous, strong, spine-like setae, one pair (x) seated on the under-
dsie of the apical process. Each plegmatium (P) with about 15 rather short
plegmata; proplegmatia (Pr) weak, each consisting of about 12 proplegmata.
Acanthoparia (Ap) with coarse, cultriform setae, each placed at the exterior

114 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 6, JUNE, 1942

end of a plegma; gymnoparia (Gp) present; chaetoparia (Cp) large, with setae
of various sizes but without sensory punctures interspersed among them. Hap-
tomeral region with distinct epizygum (EZ) between zygum (Z) and anterior
margin of epipharynx, with a curved series of six dark, rather large equidistant
punctures and some much smaller punctures near them, and with a similarly
curved series of six or seven Aeli (H). Pedium (Ped) longer than wide. Laeotorma
(Lt) with apotormal and epitormal processes (Apot and Epit); dexiotorma
(Dxt) almost straight. About eight long phobae (Phob) in a longitudinal series
extending forward from inner end of laeotorma, and a similar number of less
well-developed phobae in a single patch at the inner end of dexiotorma. Crepis
(Crep) thin as a hair, somewhat expanded near inner end of dexiotorma; a
series of phoba-like hairs arranged in front of left end of crepis, accompanied by
two larger punctures, termed macrosensilla, and three or four small crepidal
punctures; two triangular mesia (Ns) present, both small and slightly different in
size, one placed almost in the middle line of epipharynx, the other nearer the
inner end of dexiotorma.

Legs (plate 10) gradually and slightly increasing in length from first to third,
beset with long yellowish-brown setae, particularly dense on the posterior sur-
faces of coxa, trochanter, femur and tibiotarsus. Claws (I, II, II, fig. 13)
unequal in length and different in shape. On first and second legs, claws about
one-third length of tibiotarsus (first claw somewhat the longer) enlarged at
base, tapering gradually toward the pointed end, and gently curved. Claw of
third leg with distinct base but very short distal part; less than one-half as
long as first or second claw. Base of each claw armed with two long, spine-like
setae.

Body areas (plate 10). Prothorax (1) with one dorsal area; mesothorax (2)
and metathorax (3) each with three dorsal areas. Prescutum and spiracle-
bearing part of mesothorax closely connected with prothorax and appearing
as part of it. Prothorax with a series of fairly long setae on the entire margin
toward the head and with a thinly sclerotized long plate behind. Prescutum,
scutum and scutellum of meso- and metathorax beset with fine curved setae and
no small, stiff, and pointed setulae. Prescutum, scutum and scutellum of
first abdominal segment with fine curved setae and no setulae. Prescutum,
scutum and scutellum of second to sixth abdominal segments each beset with a
patch of yellowish-brown setulae interspersed with a single transverse row of
long, fine setae. Postscutellum (PO) present on first to sixth abdominal seg-
ments; laterally placed, not reaching across the back, but varying in size on the
different segments, largest on fifth and sixth segments, bearing two fine setae.
Prescutum and scutum of seventh abdominal segment each with a transverse
patch of setulae interspersed with long, fine setae in a single transverse row;
scutellum without setulae but with long fine setae. Prescutum, scutum,
scutellum and postscutellum of eighth abdominal segment indistinctly limited,
furnished with fine long setae but no setulae. Ninth and tenth abdominal seg-
ments not completely united; individual areas of both segments obliterated;
dorsally with long, or, on tenth abdominal segment, with both long and short
setae, but without setulae.

Anus (An, fig. 12) Y-shaped; upper anal lip (UAL) entire, but lower anal lip
(LAL) divided by a straight, sagittal cleft (AnC). Both lips covered with very

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 6, JUNE, 1942 115

long and moderately long, fine setae and also with some stout setae and numerous
very short setulae.

Raster (fig. 12) consisting of septula, a pair of palidia and a pair of tegilla.
Septula (Sep) approximately hastate (1. e. like an arrowhead, but with the lobes
pointing outward nearly at right angles), extending from entire base of lower
anal lip to about middle of venter of tenth abdominal segment (plate I). Palidia
monosticous (i. e. with pali in a single row), subparallel in anterior half, out-
wardly curved behind. Pali in anterior half short, slightly curved toward sep-
tula, placed in a fairly regular row with the intervening distance between the
pali as long as or much longer than the pali; pali in the outwardly curved part
long, slender, straight and pointed, placed in a somewhat irregular row, with
intervening space between the pali shorter than the pali. Each tegi//um (TGL)
with flat, distally bent setae, as long as or slightly longer than the longest pall;
anteriorly tegilla passed conspicuously by palidia; preseptular setae conse-
quently absent.

Spiracles (plate 10, plate 11, fig. 11) with strongly curved respiratory plate
(RP); bulla (B) almost circular; spiracular orifice (or stoma) (O) biarcuate.
Thoracic spiracle about same size as one of the first four abdominal spiracles;
the concavity of its respiratory plate facing posteriorly, that of the abdominal
respiratory plates facing anteriorly. Metathorax provided with a vestigial
spiracle (Th II, fig. 11) of about the same size as the socket of an ordinary seta.
First to fifth abdominal spiracles approximately of equal size; sixth to eighth
somewhat smaller.

SysTEMATIC RELATIONSHIP.

The general appearance of the third-stage larvae of Amphimallon is similar
to that of the third-stage larvae of Phyllophaga, but the larvae of the two
genera are readily separated by the following characters:

In the third-stage larvae of genus Amphimallon: The number of long setae
in the anterior marginal region of frons is on each side three or less; the dorso-
molar setae of each mandible are few or none; a zone with minute stridulatory
granules is present between the ventral condyle and the accessory ventral process
of each mandible; the maxillary stridulatory teeth are conical, straight, and
pointed; the palidia are anteriorly longitudinal, straight and parallel, posteriorly
obliquely diverging, outward directed; a distinct anal cleft divides the lower
anal lip sagittally.

In the third-stage larvae of Phyllophaga: The number of long setae in the
anterior marginal region of frons is with few exceptions more than three,
often numerous, on each side; the average number of dorso-molar setae of each
mandible is usually 15; a mandibular stridulatory zone is absent; the
maxillary stridulatory teeth are low with a backward-bent, approximately
horizontal, pointed end; the palidia are longitudinal in their entire length,
never diverging posteriorly; a distinct anal cleft is absent, lower anal lip not
divided sagittally.

116 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 6, JUNE, 1942

The third-stage larvae have been described of three species
of Amphimallon, namely—

A. solstitialis (Linnaeus) by Perris (1877), Znamenskie (1926),
Fidler (1936), Golovianko (1936), Régnier (1939),
Korschefsky (1940), and van Emden (1941);

A. assimilis (Herbst) by Grandi (1925), Znamenskie (1926),
and Subklew (1938); and

A. majalis (Razoumowsky) by Régnier (1939).

The third-stage larvae of Amphimallon ochraceus (Knoch)
and Amphimallon ruficornis (Fabricius) (?) have casually
been recorded, but not described, by van Emden (1941).

KEY To KNown SPECIES OF AMPHIMALLON.

1. Palidia not extending in front of tegilla, number of preseptular setae*
about 15. (Pali shorter than the average tegillar setae even in the
curved parts of the palidia; proplegmatia distinct; width of head-
capsule varying from 4.1-5.1mm.).... 24. solstitialis (and A. ochraceus,
according to van Emden).

— Palidia extending conspicuously in front of tegilla, preseptular setae

AUD SENG. csec eso ere ah tks erate ce Se 2
eProplegimata ADSeiitis ce seers Pt Recs 18 Ae ee eee A. assimilis

— Proplegmata about 12 on each side, weak and short. (Pali of curved
parts of palidia about as long as the average length of the tegillar
setae; average width of head-capsule, 4 mm.; medio-dorsal length of
larva from anterior margin of frons to anus varying between 30 and
BS TMI s ) 2 ceca ess en ee ee ne ee ee A. majalis

ibe)

REFERENCE TO LITERATURE.
Berra, GIUSEPPE DELLA.

1931. I Parassiti animali delle piante coltivate od utili. Milan, vol. 1, 1931,
pp. 1-346, figs. (Amphimallus solstitialis L. =Rhizotrogus sol-
stitialis L., pp. 92-93.)
Bovine, ApaM G.
1936. Description of the larva of Plectris aliena Chapin, and explanation
of new terms applied to the epipharynx and raster. Proc. Ent.
Soc. Wash., vol. 38, pp. 169-185, 2 pl. and text figs.
Bovine, Apam G.
1942. Descriptions of the larvae of some West Indlan melolonthine beetles,
and a key to the known larvae of the tribe. Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus., vol. 92, No. 3146, p. 175, figs. 10-12. (With three figures
referring to Rhizotrogus solstitialis L.= Amphimallon solstitialis L.)

8 Tegillum is the term applied to a patch of more or less erect, strong setae on
each side of the palidia. All tegillar setae are termed preseptular setae when
located in front of an imaginary line extending across the entire venter through
the bases of the anterior first pair of pali.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 6, JUNE, 1942 117

Empen, F. I. van.

1941. Larvae of British Beetles. II. A key to the British Lamellicornia
larvae. Ent. Month. Mag., vol. 77, No. 927, pp. 117-127 and
181-192, 2 pl. (Amphimalion solstitialis L. in key to larvae of
Melolonthinae, p. 125; head-width of larvae, notes on habits,
p. 187, p. 189. Amphimallon ruficornis F. (2) in notes on larvae,
p. 182; head-width of larvae; found under stones, at roots of grass.
Amphimallon ochraceus Knoch, in key to larvae, p. 125.)

Fiver, J. Havetock.

1936. Some notes on the biology and economics of some British chafers.
Ann. Appl. Biol., vol. 23, No. 2, May, 1936, pp. 409-427. (Am-
phimallus solstitialis L., egg, larva, and pupa described and com-
pared with Melolontha melolontha L. and Serica brunnea L.; key
for the rough identification of the 5 main genera of Scarabaeidae
damaging field crops.)

Go.ovianko, Z. S.

1936. Les larves plus communes des Coléoptéres lamellicornes de la partie
européene de 1’ U. R. S. S.—Table analyt. Fn. U. R. S.S. No. 20.
Inst. Zool. Acad. Sci. U. R. S. S., pp. 1-65, 70 figs. (In Russian.)
(Amphimallon solstitiale (Sic.) L., p. 28, fig. 15; in key to genera
and species of Scarabaeidea; general distribution given. A note
(in Russian) evidently concerning larva of genus Amphimallon,
pas)

Granpl, GuIpo.

1925. Contributo alla conoscenza biologica e morphologica di alcuni Lamelli-
corni fillofagi. Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici, vol. 18, pp. 159-224, figs.
(Amphimallus assimilis Herbst var. obscurus Brenske, egg, “larva
neonata, larva diuna anno di eta,” external and internal morphology
of larvae, adult; biography, keys, bibliography.)

KorscuHErsky, R.

1940. Bestimmungstabelle der haiifigsten deutschen Scarabaeiden larven.
Arb. tiber Physiol. u. Angew. Ent., vol. 7, No. 1, March 26, 1940,
pp. 41-52, figs. (Amphimallon solstitialis L. in the key to the
most common German scarabaeid larvae; also some biological
notes, p. 46, fig. 9.)

Mout, L. ANDRE.

1940. The search for parasites of white grubs (melolonthids) in Zanzibar,
Algeria, Morocco, and France. Bul. Ent. Res., vol. 31, pt. 2,
June, 1940, pp. 193-208, figs. (With some notes on habitat of
larvae of Amphimallon solstitialis L. and Amphimallon majalis
Razoum.)

Récnier, RoBerv.

1939. Contribution 4 l’étude des hannetons. Un grand ennemi des gazons:
Amphimallon majalis Razoumowsky. Ann. des Epiphyt. et de
Phytogénét., vol. 5 (n. ser.)} part 3, 1939, pp. 257-265, figs.
(Pest of sod, description of immature stages and information on
life history; larva of 4. majalis compared with those of 4. solstitialis
and Melolontha melolontha, pp. 259-260, 261-264, figs. 2a, 3, 4;
bibliographical notes on contributions by older authors, as Eduard
Perris, Xambeu and others.)

PLATE 10 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44

BCPSG)

Amphimallon majalis (Razoumowsky)

[118]

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44 PLATE II

120 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 6, JUNE, 1942

Récnier, Rosert.
1940. Contribution A l’étude de la biologie d’ Amphimallon majalis Razoumow-
sky (=A. rufescens Latr.), ravageur des gazons. Internatl. Cong.
Ent. Trans 6th, 1935, vol. 2 (publ. 1940), pp. 729-736, figs. (Some
brief descriptive notes and information on life history and habits of
immature stages for 4. majalis, injurious to sod in northwestern
France; compared with /. solstitialis.)
SuBKLEW, WERNER.
1938. Zur morphologie der larve von Melolontha hippocastani ¥. Arch.
Naturgesch. (Leipsig) (n. ser.) vol. 7, No. 2, June 18, 1938, pp.
207-304, figs. (Included notes on labrum, mandible, first maxilla,
and tergum of Amphimallus assimilis, pp. 281, 283, 286, 291;
mentioned that Ritterschaus found no egg-bursters in Amphimallus
solstitialis.)
ZNAMENSKIE, A. V.
1926. Insects injurious to ground, part I. Injurious to grain plants. Poltava,
U.S. 'S. R., Agric. Exp. Sta. No. 50, Ent. Sect. Nov1391926%pp:
1-296, figs. (Amphimallon solstitialis L. in key to scarabaeid
larvae; taxonomic characters of larva; (figs. 83-86, 6a); additional
descr. of larva, p. 193. 4. assimilis obscurus Brenske, note of
comparison with labrum of larva of Melolontha hippocastani F.;
note that Grandi found no egg-burster in this species.)

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES.

(The drawings for the two plates accompanying this paper were made by the
author.)
Amphimallon majalis (Razoumowsky).

Plate 10.

Full grown (third-stage) larva, lateral view; end of last segment turned slightly
toward the observer. 1, prothoracic areas; 2, mesothoracic areas; 3, meta-
thoracic areas; A, areas belonging to first abdominal segment; B, areas
belonging to second abdominal segment; PO, postscutellum; PSC, prescutum;
SC, scutum; SCL, scutellum.

Plate 11.

Fig. 1. Dorsal surface of head. ACL, anteclypeus; Ant, torulus; CLFS,
clypeofrontal suture; E, epicranium; ES, epicranial suture; F, frons; FS,
frontal suture; PCL, postclypeus—a-e, setae of labrum; k-m, setae of
frons; o-r!, setae of epicranium; x, seta on ventral side of apical projection of
epipharynx.

Fig. 2. Ventral surface of head (part). Ant, torulus; r?, setae of epicranium.

Fig. 3. Epipharynx. Ap, acanthoparia; Apot, apotormal process; AR, apical
region; Cp, chaetoparia; Crep, crepis; Dxt, dexiotorma; Epit, epitormal
process; Ez, epizygum; Gp, gymnoparia; H, helus; Lt, laeotorma; Ns,
nesium; P, plegmatium; Ped, pedium; Phob, phobae; Pr, proplegmatium; x,
seta on apical process of epipharynx; Z, zygum.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 6, JUNE, 1942 121

Fig. 4. Molar structure of left mandible, front view. Cx—U. calx; H, hamus.

Fig. 5. Left mandible, dorsal side. Cx—U, calx; DER, dorso-exterior region;
H, hamus; Mc, manducatorial part; Sci, scissorial part; Scr, scrobis; VLC,
ventrolateral carina.

Fig. 6. Right mandible, dorsal side. Cx, calx; DMR, dorsomolar region;
Mo, molar structure; x, sensorial pit; y, short groove with a pit.

Fig. 7. Stridulatory teeth from dorsal side of right maxilla. SD, stridulatory
tooth.

Fig. 8. Right maxilla and hypopharynx, dorsal surface. AM, maxillary articu-
lating area; G, galea; GL, glossa; GT, terminal tooth of galea; HS, hypo-
pharyngeal sclerite; L, lacinia; LT, terminal three teeth of lacinia; SD,
stridulatory organ; SG, sensorial groove.

Fig. 9. Molar structure of right mandible, front view. AcC, accessory ventral
condyle; Cx, calx.

Fig. 10. Stridulatory organ on ventral surface of right mandible. AcC, acces-
sory ventral condyle; BLR, basolateral region; StrZ, stridulatory zone.

Fig. 11. Spiracles. B, bulla; O, orifice; RP, respiratory plate; Thl, first
thoracic spiracle; ThII, vestigial second thoracic spiracle; 1 to 8, spiracles of
first to eighth abdominal segments.

Fig. 12. Ventral terminal part of tenth abdominal segment, showing anus,
upper anal lip, sagittally divided lower anal lip and raster. An, anus; AnC,
anal cleft; LAL, lower anal lip; Pa, palidium; Sep, septula; TGL, tegillum;
UAL, upper anal lip.

Fig. 13. Ends of tibiotarsi and unguli of the first to third (1, I], 111) thoracic
legs.

122 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 6, JUNE, 1942

NOTE CLARIFYING THE STATUS OF ANOPHELES ALBITARSIS
AND ANOPHELES DARLINGI (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE).!

By O. R. Causey, L. M. Deane, M. P. DEANE AND Macuapo Sampaio.

From the Laboratory of the Servico de Malaria do Nordeste at Fortaleza, Brazil.

Anopheles albitarsis Lynch-Arribalzaga and Anopheles dar-
/ingi Root are perhaps the two most important malaria vectors
in Brazil, now that Anopheles gambiae has been eliminated
(Soper and Wilson, 1942). Their status as separate species and
their differentiation from Anopheles argyritarsis in Brazil were
established by Dr. F. M. Root (1926). There still exists con-
fusion, however, especially in regard to the identity of the eggs
of these two species. After studying and breeding out several
thousand batches of eggs from isolated females from the States
of Piauhy, Ceara, Rio Grande do Norte, Parahyba, Pernambuco,
Alagéas, Rio de Janeiro, and the Federal District, including
some of the areas studied by Dr. Root, we are convinced that
the correction of certain errors in Root’s description and inter-
pretations can clarify the situation for subsequent workers.

During a short visit to Brazil in 1925 Dr. Root studied a
number of species of mosquitoes from the Stateof Rio de Janeiro.
From the ‘“ Baixada Fluminense” he reported the collection of
Anopheles tarsimaculatus, Anopheles albitarsis, and a new species
which he named Anopheles darlingi. He described and made
drawings of three types of eggs which he thought to belong to
these three species of mosquitoes. His descriptions are as fol-
lows:

“ The eggs are al] of the familiar boat shape, flattened dorsally,
convex ventrally, and more broadly rounded at the anterior
than at the posterior end. The posterior portion of the ‘frill’
seems to have disappeared and the anterior portion simply forms
a collar-like structure, encircling the extreme anterior end of
the egg and projecting dorsally or anterior-dorsally. In the
specimens studied there appeared to be differences in the form
of the frill in different species, thus in farsimaculatus it was
narrower, enclosed a large area, and was more dorsal in position
than in a/bitarsis and darlingi. The apparent differences be-
tween the frills of a/bzfarsis and darlingi, as shown in the figures,
may very well be due to the incomplete expansion in the case of
the latter species.

“The most obvious specific differences are in the length of
the lateral floats and their degree of approximation. In sarsi-
maculatus the floats extend nearly the full length of the egg,

1 The studies herewith reported were part of the program of the Servigo de
Malaria do Nordeste maintained by the Ministry of Education and Health
of Brazil, and the International Health Division of The Rockefeller Foundation.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 6, JUNE, 1942 WES

covering all of the dorsal surface except the anterior area en-
closed by the frill, a small tip posteriorly, and a narrow spindle-
shaped region in the mid-line. In this case, as in the other two
eggs, the floats of the two sides meet and fuse at their anterior
and posterior ends. In a/bitarsis and darlingi the floats are much
shorter, leaving a considerable area uncovered at both anterior
and posterior ends. In a/bitarsis there is a comparatively large
spindle-shaped area between the floats of the two sides, while
in darlingi this is reduced to a mere line.

“The surface ornamentation seemed to be the same in all
three eggs, the species of the Nyssorhynchus group seem not to
show the elongate hexagonal markings, so conspicuous in the
eggs of such species as guadrimaculatus and pseudomaculipes.
Instead, one finds the whole ventral and lateral portion of the
egg studded with little white stars, each consisting of eight or
ten lines radiating from an imaginary common center.”

The egg described by Root for 4. tarsimaculatus was perhaps
that of 4. oswaldoi, which he considered synonymous with
tarsimaculatus. Eggs obtained by us from 286 isolated females
which were identified as 4. oswal/doi from the Federal District
have conformed with Root’s description of éarsimaculatus eggs.
However, it should be pointed out that a similar type of egg
has been obtained from another species of the sarsimaculatus
complex in the same region.

Dr. Root’s description of the eggs from his new species, 4.
darlingi, was evidently based on a batch of immature eggs.
We have also obtained eggs from 4. darlingi like these, but the
normal egg from this species as observed in more than 843
ovipositions from isolated females coilected from many _ local-
ities is of the same type as the egg associated by Root with
A. albitarsis. In spite of this evident misassociation he drew
the correct conclusion that the difference between these two
eggs which he labeled darlingi and albitarsis might be due to
incomplete expansion of the frills in the one case.

This consequent incomplete record of morphology for 74.
darlingt eggs and an ambiguous phrase in Root’s description
of the male genitalia have led to the creation of a new variety
designated 4. darlingi var. paulistensis by Galvao, Lane and
Correa (1937). In describing the leaflets of the mesonome Root
said they were “not obviously serrate.’’ These authors inter-
preted this phrase as meaning absence of serration. Root evi-
dently intended to record the fact that the leaflets are incon-
spicuously serrated as it requires careful dissection to reveal
this structure. A dissection of one of Root’s original specimens
collected from Porto das Caixas has revealed that the leaflets
are serrated to the same degree as in other recently obtained
specimens in our collection, and as those described by Galvao for
paulistensis. Vhat paulistensis is in reality synonymous with

124 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 6, JUNE, 1942

Root’s original dar/ingi is further borne out by the discovery of
eggs in our 4. darlingi material showing all the variations
described by Galvao for his new variety. Galvao himself
suggested (1940) that this finding in the locality studied by
Root, would invalidate the variety paulistensis.

Root apparently failed to obtain authentic 4. a/bitarsis eggs.
Among more than 5,194 ovipositions from isolated 4. albitarsis
females and several thousand other ovipositions by females of
the same species confined together in cages, no eggs of the
darlingi type have been observed. The normal eggs of a/di-
tarsis, while showing a marked variation in the length of floats
and the degree of approximation of the floats are usually of the
characteristic type and similar to those described for the species
by Rozeboom (1937) from Panama, and by Galvao (1940) from
southern Brazil. The fact that Root described a pattern on the
exochorion of a/bitarsis eggs further indicates that he did not
see eggs of this species, which are always uniformly dark in
color.

Drawings of our 4. oswaldoi, A. albitarsis, and A. darlingi
eggs, and reproductions of Root’s original drawings are shown
in figures | to 6.

Description or Ecos.

Anopheles darlingi—This is the only species of the argyri-
tarsis series found to oviposit eggs with white markings on the
exochorion (fig. 6). These spots occur ventrally and dorsally
except for the areas occupied by the floats and frills. The
floats are dorsally placed and fused ac both ends. In some
specimens the floats closely approximate each other dorsally
throughout their length, in others they may be more widely sepa-
rated. A large circular collar is present on the anterior end. In
a few specimens a posterior collar was also observed, either
isolated and small, or larger and fused with the posterior dorsal
margin of the floats.

Anopheles albitarsis —The eggs are dark, smooth and without
pattern. The floats are about one-half the length of the egg,
placed dorso-laterally, usually leaving a large black area exposed
between them. A wide frill is present at each end, forming
collars of about equal size. The inner portion of the frills is
fused with the floats. When the floats are widely separated
the frills are horseshoe shaped; when the floats closely approxi-
mate each other the areas enclosed by the frills are long and
oval. The eggs differ from those of argyritarsis only in the
structure of the floats. The float ridges in a/bitarsis are wide,
distinctly separated and straight, while the float ridges of
argyritarsis are indistinctly separated and wavy, which
causes them to be more refractive to light. The floats in

PLATE 12

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44

Fig. °

Fig.2

Fig. 1

100m

(eis
) I

(( \}
)\
es
(\
wr

Fig. 6

[125]

126 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 6, JUNE, 1942

in eggs from albitarsis collected in the Federal District are
usually much shorter than those of eggs collected from northeast
Brazile "(Figs 5.)

SUMMARY.

The eggs of anopheles albitarsis and Anopheles darlingi from

isolated females are described. Certain errors in the literature
resulting from previous probable misassociation of eggs and
adults are corrected.

An fone

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 12.

. Reproduction of Root’s drawing of 4. tarsimaculatus egg.
. Reproduction of Root’s drawing of 4. albitarsis egg.

Reproduction of Root’s drawing of 4. darlingi egg.
A. oswaldoi egg.”

. A. albitarsis egg.”
. A. darlingi egg?

REFERENCES.

. Soper, Frep L., Witson, D. Bruce: Species Eradication; A Practical

Goal of Species Reduction in the Control of Mosquito-borne Disease. In
press—Journal of the National Malaria Society, 1942.

. Root, F. M.: Studies on Brazilian Mosquitoes. 1. The Anophelines of the

Nyssorhynchus group. The American Journal of Hygiene 6:684-717, 1926.

. Gatvao, A. L. Ayroza, Lane, J., AND Correa, R.: Notas sobre os Nys-

sorhynchus de Sao Paulo. V. Sobre os Nyssorhynchus de Novo Oriente.
Rev. Biol. Hyg. 8:37—45, 1937.

. Rozesoom, L. E.: On Anopheles albitarsis Lynch-Arribalzaga in Panama.

Southern Medical Journal. 30:950-951, 1937.

. Garvao, A. L. Ayroza: Contribuigdo ao conhecimento dos Anofelinos do

grupo Nyssorhynchus de Sao Paulo e regides vizinhas. Arquivos de
Zoologia do Estado de Sao Paulo. 1:399-484, 1940.

? Camera lucida drawings.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 6, JUNE, 1942 127

MINUTES OF THE 527TH REGULAR MEETING OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON,
APRIL 2, 1942.

The 527th regular meeting of the Society was held at 8 p. m., Thursday,
April 2, 1942 in Room 43 of the National Museum. President Cory presided,
and 21 members and three visitors were present. In the absence of the Record-
ing Secretary, W. H. Anderson fulfilled the duties of that officer, and the
report of the March meeting was read and approved.

C. F. Adams, of the Missouri State Board of Health, Jefferson City, Mo.,
was unanimously elected to membership in the Society.

Austin H. Clark noted that in our latest lists of butterflies of North America
north of Mexico Neonympha hermes sosybius (F.) is included, but that the
typical form has not been recorded from the United States. The National
Museum collection includes two specimens of N. Aermes hermes (F.) labeled
“Esper Ranch, Brownsville, Texas,” and one labeled “Brownsville, Texas.”
The list of American butterflies found north of Mexico should therefore include
both subspecies. (Author’s abstract.)

W. H. Anderson exhibited a specimen of the larva of Diabrotica quadrigutta
Oliv. The larva was originally sent to Mrs. Doris Blake by S. C. Bruner, of
the Department of Phytopathology and Entomology, Republic of Cuba. He
had found larvae feeding in groups on the upper surface of squash leaves, and
some were reared to maturity. The specimen differs markedly in appearance
from the previously known larvae of Diaérotica since it is short, rather robust,
and has distinctly pigmented sclerites on the mesothorax, metathorax and first
eight abdominal segments, those on the abdomen being arranged in three
transverse rows.

The regular program was as follows:

1. A new insect enemy of Mimosa in Washington, D. C.
Carl Heinrich, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine.

Mr. Heinrich gave a short sketch of the biology and type of injury caused
by the larva of a moth of the glyphipterygid genus Hamadaula; the species is
being described as new by J. F. G. Clarke. The genus is known to occur in
Australia, but is previously unrecorded from the United States, and no near
relatives occur here. Japan has been suggested as the native home of this
apparently introduced species. Slides were shown which demonstrated the
typical tying together of leaves and branches of the Mimosa by the larva.
(Secretary’s abstract.)

S. A. Rohwer commented that he believed that he had seen evidence of
injury on the Virginia side of the Potomac River.

2. The relation between prey and sex in the cicada killer.
Richard Dow, Arlington, Virginia.

Dr. Dow, who was presented by Austin H. Clark, spoke on the relation of
the prey of Sphecius speciosus (Drury) to the size and sex of the adult wasp.
In weighing the material collected from a limited number of cells, it was found
that the fresh cocoons fell into two distinct classes, as did also the sub-

128 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 6, JUNE, 1942

sequently reared adults, It was apparent that these classes corresponded to
the two sexes. The estimated weight of the prey stored in the same cells did
not show a corresponding segregation in spite of the fact that some of the
cells had one cicada and others two. All the reared females were from cells
with two cicadas, and all but one or two males from cells with one cicada.
The estimated weight of the prey in the one or two cells with two cicadas
that produced males was intermediate between the maximum of the single
cicadas in the other male cells and the minimum of the two cicadas stored in
the female cells.

Notes were also presented on the preparation of a habitat group of this
wasp for the New England Museum of Natural History. (Author’s abstract.)

3. Codling moth work in Washington State.
B. A. Porter, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine.

Dr. Porter presented motion pictures showing phases of the experimental
work carried out jointly by the Division of Fruit Insects and the Division of
Insecticides. The appearance of the fruit and trees following application of
diverse sprays was shown. Methods of sampling and making analyses for
spray residues were included. (Secretary’s abstract.)

Major E. A. Richmond, of the chemical warfare division, U. S. Army,
greeted the Society briefly.

J. A. Hyslop spoke about the recent correspondence he has received relative
to the use of spider webs in bomb sights. He described two commercial methods
by which the web is removed from spiders. Remarks were made by Cushman
and Clark.

S. A. Rohwer mentioned a recent decision concerning the disposition of three
books containing the original minutes of the Entomological Club of the
American Association for the Advancement of Science. The club was started
at Hartford, Conn., in August of 1874. The name was changed to American
Association of Economic Entomologists at the Toronto meeting held on August
20, 1889. The books are to be deposited in the library of the U. S. Department
of Agriculture and will be available for consultation.

Adjournment at 9.35 p. M. AsHLEY B. Gurney,

Recording Secretary.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 6, JUNE, 1942 129

MINUTES OF THE 528TH REGULAR MEETING OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON.
MAY 7, 1942.

The 528th regular meeting of the Society was held at 8 p. m., Thursday,
May 7, 1942, in Room 43 of the National Museum. President Cory presided,
and 36 members and 11 visitors attended. In the absence of A. B. Gurney,
who was commissioned, recently, a First Lieutenant in the Sanitary Corps,
U.S. Army, W. H. Anderson acted as Recording Secretary. The minutes of
the previous meeting were read and approved.

J. C. Bridwell presented several interesting notes concerning some insects
he had collected on field trips in the vicinity of Washington. He exhibited
nests of Trypoxylon politum Say from which he obtained the large males of a
mutillid, Sphaerophthalma pensyloanica Lep. More than four years ago the
male of the same species of mutillid was bred from the mud cell of Anthophora
abrupta Say, whichis the size of a small bumble bee. Old nests of the Trypoxy-
lon which had been used, secondarily, by the smaller spider wasp Pseudagenia
mellipes Say produced females of the mutillid, which are much smaller than the
males. From these observations it would appear that the sex of the mutillid is
dependent, at least to some extent, on the size of the host.

Mr. Bridwell also spoke of finding stem mothers of what is apparently Pro-
ciphilus erigeronensis Thomas in the nests of Lasius interjectus Mayr., and L.
minutus Emory. In the colonies of the former the aphids appeared to be feeding
on the cartons, made of red rotten wood, of which the nests were composed and
new generation nymphs were produced there. In the colonies of L. minutus,
made in soil, the stem mothers were found on red rotten wood but the new gener-
ation was on the roots of plants growing through the nests.

The usual habitat of Zorotypus hubbardi Caudell, in this vicinity at least, is
in sawdust piles on the surface of buried bits of board. Mr. Bridwell collected
specimens in an ancient, hollow, red rotten chestnut tree dead more than 20
years. The specimens were found on the flat surfaces of partitions between old
termite runways and this type of environment obviously preceded sawdust
piles.

In recent rather extensive collections from pine, Mr. Bridwell took service
berry psyllids and blackberry psyllids, both belonging to the genus Trioza, in
some numbers. Other species of psyllids likewise are found commonly on pine.
One of these, Livia maculipennis (Fitch), lives, as nymphs, in galls on Funcus
acuminatus Michx. A second species, L. vernalis Fitch, utilizes Carex vulpi-
noidea Michx., as a nymphal host and causes a typical blanching of the leaves
suggestive of Stewart’s disease of maize. The gall of L. vernalis has not been
recorded previously. The nymphs of this species were preyed upon by syrphid
larvae of a genus near Syrphus, but adults of the latter were not secured.
(Author’s abstract.)

The regular program was as follows:

1. Some insects problems in South America. :
Emory C. Cushing, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine.
Mr. Cushing presented moving pictures and kodachrome slides of a recent

130 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 6, JUNE, 1942

extensive trip through South America. In general the trip consisted of a loop
down the western side of the continent to Argentina, thence up through Para-
guay to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The more important insect borne diseases of
man in South America include malaria, typhoid fever, bubonic plague and
spotted fever. Three important insects which nearly if not completely prohibit
cattle raising in all the countries except Argentina and Southern Uraguay are
the cattle fever tick, warble flles and screw worm. (Secretary’s abstract.)

2. Entomological activities in Colombia.
E. A. Chapin, U. S. National Museum.

Dr. Chapin related interesting observations made on a six-weeks trip to
Colombia in February and March of this year. There are several collections of
insects in Colombia, the most extensive being at Bogota and Medellin. The
entomologists in that country are handicapped by a shortage of many important
books and periodicals on entomology. Dr. Chapin presented slides of the ento-
mologists and the buildings in which the entomological activities are carried on.
(Secretary’s abstract.)

Adjournment at 10.00 p. m.
W. H. AnvDErRson,

Acting Recording Secretary.

Actual date of publication, Fune 30, 1942,

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MALLON MAJALIS “(xazoumowsKy) . fea Ne area tee

CAUSEY, 0. R., DEANE, L. M., DEANE, M. P. AND SAMPAIO, MACHA\
f CLARIFYING THE STATUS OF ANOPHELES ALBITARSIS AND AN
DARLINGI (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) . ee

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

_ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF WASHINGTON

PusiisHeD Montuiy Excerpt Jury, Aucust AND SEPTEMBER
BY THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
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October, 1942 No. 7 Re

THE

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE

ENTroMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

VOL. 44 OCTOBER, 1942 No. 7

STENISTOMERA (SIPHONAPTERA): A REEVALUATION OF THE
GENUS, WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW
SUBGENUS AND SPECIES.!

By Newe tt E. Goon,
Associate Entomologist, United States Public Health Service.

The genus Stenistomera Rothschild 1915 has heretofore con-
tained but one, little-known, species, the odd S. a/pina (Baker)
1895. This species has been known until now only from the
male and female cotypes collected at Georgetown, Colorado,
and from specimens collected at Salina, Utah. In 1938 three
males of a new species quite distinct from, but related to, S.
alpina were collected incident to routine field surveys for
sylvatic plague 1 in northern Mojave County, Arizona, while at
various times specimens of S. a/pina were collected during
plague survey work in Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New
Mexico, and Arizona. The genus Stenistomera has usually been
placed near the genus Leptopsyl/a in the family Hystrichop-
syllidae, but it, as well as the new species described below,
exhibits several striking differences from typical Leptopsyllinae
and even from all Hystrichopsyllidae, and the writer has for
some time considered that Stenistomera well deserves the rank
of a separate subfamily.

STENISTOMERINAE, new subfamily.

Frontal region separated from the occiput by a deep, usually oblique, dorsal
sulcus or suture connecting the antennal grooves. Eyes absent or vestigial.
Gena without a ctenidium but the bristles of the preantennal region, as well as
those of the occiput and fore coxa, numerous and usually enlarged toward their
bases. Head helmet-shaped, with upper part of frons protruding, more or less
angulate, and with the lower part of the frons receding. In the antennae the
second joint, or scape, is broad and extends as a semitransparent sheath over
the basal part of the third joint, or flagellum. The row of long, thin, close-set
setae, which appear to arise from near the middle of the third joint, are situated
on the margin of this extension of the second joint.

The pronotum is short and a pronotal comb is present. In the metathorax

1From the Plague Suppressive Measures Laboratory, San Francisco, Cali-
fornia.

NOV -2 1942

1382 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 7, OCT., 1942

the supraepisternum (episternum) is absent, i. e., completely fused with the
infraepisternum (sternum) which is greatly narrowed in its upper part. The
metaepimeron is incompletely separated from, or partially fused with the
metanotum. The inner surface of the hind coxa is without spinulets or bristles.
The abdominal tergites each have only a single row of bristles. One or more
of the abdominal tergites bears apical spines. Antepygidial bristles are present.
The females have one receptaculum seminis.

This subfamily is erected for the remarkable genus Séenis-
tomera Rothschild 1915. It appears to be most closely related
to the subfamily Leptopsyllinae of the family Hystrichopsyl-
lidae, most of the members of which (Leptopsylla, Peromy-
scopsylla, etc.) have a similarly shaped head, and in which
Corypsylla shows a decided, but different type of, reduction
in the number of bristles on the abdominal tergites and a fusion
of some of the sclerites of the metathorax. In none of these,
however, is there the characteristic lack of the genal comb or
an enlargement of some of the bristles of the head, or the
presence of the sheath-like projection of the second segment
of the antennae. This latter condition is not found in any
other North American Hystrichopsyllidae and is very rare in
the Siphonaptera, the genus Callistopsyllus of the subfamily
Anomiopsyllinae being one of the few which is comparable.
The subfamily Stenistomerinae also exhibits several other
striking affinities with the genus Ca/listopsyllus, such as the
fusion of and the shape of the metathoracic scierites, the single
row of bristles on each abdominal tergite, and even shows cer-
tain affinities in the genitalia.

Genus STENISTOMERA Rothschild (Novitates Zoologicae, 1915, 22: 307).

Possesses, in addition to the characters of the subfamily, the following generic
characters: Vestige of eye nearly or entirely obsolete, without pigment. The
posterior margin of the antennal groove is without minute bristles or spinulets.
Club of male antenna long and projecting slightly past the lower margin of the
head. Frontal notch small, shallow. On the front there is one dermal pit
midway between the dorsal sulcus and the frontal notch, one slightly postero-
dorsal to or touching the frontal notch, while midway between the frontal notch
and the oral angle is a small circle which may represent a degenerate dermal
pit. Labial palpus, 4-segmented, but the first segment divided by an oblique,
thickened, chitinous band. Maxillary palpus shorter than the labial palpus
and not reaching to the apex of the fore coxa.

Pronotal comb consisting of approximately 17 to 21 spines. Along the
anterior margin of the mesonotum, under the pronotal comb, there are a number
of small spinulets or minute teeth. Legs long and slender, the hind coxa very
narrow and the first hindtarsal joint nearly or quite as long as the hind tibia.
The bristles on the second hind-tarsal joint do not extend past the apex of the third
joint. The Sth joint of the hind tarsi bears 5 pairs of plantar bristles, of which

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 7, OCT., 1942 133

the first pair is set downward and inward between the second pair. The number
of antepygidial bristles is three in both males and females.

Orthotype: Typhlopsylla alpina Baker 1895.

Subgenus STENISTOMERA, new usage.

Front of head decidedly projecting, angulate. Top margin of head almost
level from rear of occiput nearly to frontal notch. Head high in front, i. e.,
from frontal angle to oral angle. All bristles of head large and greatly thickened
toward their bases, spinelike, a prefrontal row of short, spine-like bristles
extends along the anterior margin of the frons and backward along or near the
dorsal margin to the antennal groove.

The bristles over the entire body are stout and slightly enlarged toward
their bases.

Stenistomera (Stenistomera) alpina (Baker) 1895.

1895. Typhlopsylla alpina Baker, Can. Ent. 27:189, 191.

1898. Ctenopsylla alpina (Baker), Wagner, Horae Soc. Ent. Ross, 3/:577.

1904. Ctenopsyllus alpinus (Baker), Baker, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 27: 427-428,
452. (Supplementary description).

1915. Stentstomera alpina (Baker), Rothschild, Nov. Zool. 22: 307.

Male and female: (redescription)—

Head: The spine-like bristles of the preantennal region are arranged in
several poorly defined rows over the gena and frons, and in an elbowed pre-
frontal row. The occiput bears either 3 or 4 rows of bristles. The maxillary
palpus is short, extending only about ™% the length of the labial palpus. The
labial palpus varies in length, in some specimens extending barely past the fore
coxa, while in others (including the type) it overlaps the basal third of the
fore femur.

Modified segments (male):—Manubrium of clasper broadly triangular, the
lower margin slightly convex and the upper margin slightly concave. One
long bristle is situated midway of the postero-dorsal margin of the manubrium
at the anterior end of the process. Process of clasper nearly obsolete. Movable
finger of clasper fairly long, narrow, and parallel-sided, the anterior margin
convex and the posterior margin concave. It bears two short, thick spines near
the posterior margin, one subapical and the other at about 1/5 the distance
from the apex to base, and in addition bears several small setae. Stigma of
8th tergite small. Penis slender, tapering, spring of penis coiled around
approximately three times. Dorsal-apical hook of paramere of penis moderately
curved. The external part of sternite IX is short, broad, and parallel-sided on
the basal 2/3, thence the ventral margin slants obliquely upward to apex. It
bears several setae and one strong spine on the postero-ventral margin at a
point 1/3 the distance from the apex to the ventral angle. Internal part of
sternite IX nearly straight on the antero-ventral margin but broadly rounded
on the postero-dorsal side along most of its length. Tergite X and sternite X
rather long and slender. Pygidium flat or very slightly convex.

Modified segments (female).—Head and tail of receptaculum seminis dis-
tinctly separated, the head well chitinized and about I# times as long as

134 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 7, OCT., 1942

broad, handle-shaped (length 0.097 (0.09-0.11) mm., maximum diameter
0.054 (0.05-0.06) mm.). Tail of receptaculum seminis moderately long, thicker
near the apex than at base, curved upwards so that the apex of the tail is
at right angles to the head, and with the apex rounded, without appendix.
The bursa copulatrix is too lightly chitinized and indistinct in our specimens to
determine its form. Sternite VII narrow horizontally, the long posterior margin
nearly straight or very slightly sinuate, without notch or sinus. Sternite VIII
terminating in a blunt point, thickly covered with bristles of various sizes and
shapes, some of them spiniform. Stigma of tergite VIII small and situated well
antero-ventral to the pygidium. Pygidium slightly convex. Stylet (length
0.104 (0.09-0.12) mm., width 0.025 (0.02-0.03) mm.) 4 or 4% times as long as
broad at the base, which is slightly bulbous, and terminating in an irregular
series of contractions at the base of each of the 5 or 6 subapical setae.
Terminal bristle slightly shorter than the stylet itself.

This species was originally described by Baker in 1895
from one male and one female collected at Georgetown, Colorado,
on a “mountain rat” (undoubtedly Neotoma sp.). These co-
types are in the U. S. National Museum and were examined
by the writer in December, 1939.

The collection of the U. $. Public Health Service, Plague
Laboratory, contains the following 31 specimens:—

Arizona: Apache County, 15 miles west of Springerville,
elev. 6,000 ft., 9/26/38, on Neotoma (stephensi ?), 2 females;
awe County, 6 miles southeast of Red Lake, elev. 6,800
ft., 4/30/38, on Peromyscus maniculatus, one male: Coconino
Cue 9 miles north of Williams, elev. 6,700 ft., 4/20/39,
on Neotoma (stephensi °), 1 female; Navajo County, 24 miles
southwest of Holbrook, elev. 5,9€ 0 ft., 5/10/39, on Neotoma
(stephensi ?), 2 males, 2 females; Navajo County, 24 miles
southwest of Holbrook, elev. 5,900 ft., 5/10/39, on ‘Peromyscus
maniculatus, | female.

Colorado: Huerfano County, 12 miles east of Walsenburg,
elev. 6,400 ft., 6/29/40, on Neotoma micropus, 1 female; Rio
Blanco County, 6 miles north of Meeker, elev. 6,400 ft., 6/28/38,
on Ne Hee cinerea, | female; Las Animas County, Delhi, elev.

4,300 ft., 6/20/41, on Neotoma albigula, \ male, 3 females.

eee (Cisse County, 15 miles south of Miles City,
elev. 2,400 ft., 3/28/40, on..Neotoma cinerea, 9 females; Madison
County, 6 miles northeast of Jeffers, elev. 5,400 ft., 5/18/38,
on Neotoma cinerea, 2 females.

New Mexico: Santa Fe County, 6 miles southwest of Glorieta,
elev. 6,500 ft., 5/27/39, on Neotoma albigula, 2 males, 2 females.

Wyoming: Sweetwater County, 15 miles southwest of Green
River, elev. 6,300 ft., 8/23/38, on Neotoma cinerea, | male.

The following additional specimens were kindly loaned for
examination by Prof. J. S. Stanford of Utah State Agricultural

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 7, OCT., 1942 £5

College, and by Dr. W. L. Jellison of the Rocky Mountain
Taboratory, U.S. Public Health Service:—

Utah: Salina, Sevier County, elev. 5,200 ft., collected by
J. S. Stanford, Nov., 1928 to March, 1929, 15 males and 16
females from Neotoma sp., 3 males and 3 females from Neotoma
desertorum (now WN. lepida), 1 female from Neotoma cinerea,
4 males and | female from Peromyscus sp.

Wyoming: Jackson Hole, Teton County, elev. 6,800 ft.,
11/20/28, 5 males and 4 females from Neotoma cinerea.

Subgenus MIOCHAETA, new subgenus.

Differs from typical Stenistomera as follows:—Frons projecting but less so
than in typical Stenistomera; frons rounded or only slightly angular; labial
palpus about as long as the fore coxa or slightly shorter; frontal tubercle absent
or very small; bristles of head and body normal in size, not or very slightly
enlarged or thickened toward their bases; prefrontal row of bristles lacking.

Subgenotype:—Svenistomera (Miochaeta) macrodactyla, new
species.

Stenistomera (Miochaeta) macrodactyla, new species.

Male: head: Frons projecting, rounded, helmet-shaped. Frontal tubercle
very small, frontal notch shallow. Eyes absent. The frontal row contains
5 or 6 bristles while the remaining 8 or 9 bristles, most of them slightly enlarged,
are placed at irregular intervals over the middle and lower parts of the pre-
antennal region. Postantennal region or occiput provided with three rows
containing 1, 3, and 4 (or 3) bristles, respectively. Labial palpus short, extend-
ing 84% to 950%, of the distance to the end of the fore coxa. Maxillary palpus
about 4 |s the length of the labial palpus.

Legs: The fore coxa is densely covered with strong bristles, as in S. alpina,
and on the hind tibia the spines of the rear margin are arranged singly or in
pairs.

Modified segments (male): Manubrium of clasper very broad, being consider-
ably broader and slightly shorter than that of S. alpina, upper margin very
slightly concave and lower margin slightly convex. Process of clasper nearly
obsolete as in S. alpina. It bears one long bristle anteriorly, well away from
the margin. Movable finger of clasper very large, being about twice the length
and twice the width of that of S. a/pina. It is nearly parallel sided and squared
apically. It bears several setae and two short, heavy spines on its postero-
ventral margin as in S. alpina, the one subapical and the other at slightly more
than 1% of the distance from the apex to the base. Stigma of tergite VIII
small. Penis narrow, the spring of the penis coiled around 2 or 2% times.
The external part of sternite LX is broad at the base, curved upward and tapering
evenly to the pointed apex. There is no ventral angle like that of S. alpina.
It bears one rather weak spine and about 5 setae on its ventral margin. The
internal part or dorsal arm of sternite LX is slender with a bulge on the postero-
dorsal side at a point 34-of the distance to its apex. Tergite X and sternite X
are rather long and slender, The pygidium is flat longitudinally.

136 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 7, OCT., 1942

Type host—Peromyscus eremicus (Baird).

Type locality: Mojave County, Arizona (north of the
Colorado River). Holotype male and 2 paratype males col-
lected on Peromyscus eremicus, Mojave County, Arizona, 21
miles south of St. George, Utah, elev. 4,500 ft., 4/27/38, by
F. J. Gonderman of the U. S. Public Health Service Plague

Survey.

The holotype is deposited in the collection of the U. S. Public
Health Service Plague Laboratory, San Francisco, California.
Paratypes are deposited at the U. S. National Museum, Wash-
ington, D. C., and at the U. S. Public Health Service Rocky

Mountain Laboratory, Hamilton, Montana.

SUMMARY OF THE NUMBER OF SPINES AND BriISTLES OF Stentstomera.”

S.(8.) alpina

MALES
Br. of preantennal region: =. =e 17.5(16-19)
IBEIstleshOlM@CClp teense =e eens 10.1( 9-15)
Spines of pronotal ctenidium (total)... 19.5(18-20)
BES Olononottiines+ =, a2.) Me eeeuue cece ee 5.1( 4- 6)
sera RITICSONO CUIMe=s. 2 Seen eee ee 3.7( 3- 4)
<Saerpme tan tums. 4 Se ee 3.9( 3= 4)
SuaeenTCSOCD CISCELI T= =e enn nee nnn ene SKC P= 5)))
Sue CSOCDIMeLON yet. ao tee fee eee 4.2( 4- 6)
BS TaRNSTEENS OINORO Os a eee 8.9( 7-11)
Wateralubnaiotallitemotars ss none
Hind tibia—
Spines Of Cea Mav pin eee reece terete 16.2(15-19)
Varerallils tyi's Gl eS aes ne eens nee eee 7.7( 6= 9)
Apical spinulets (total)—
albctenciteyles a n. eee ene ee eee 6.3( 4— 8)
$ sep fl Pe aie oe tine eet eee 0.0( 0- 0)
Br. of abd. tergites—
[eceat) sages eee ee Me BiB 32.4)
| (SE eet Se ea wee 5.4( 5— 6)
1) Ra SGU RI eek 5.4( 4- 6)
LV cee ee 5.1( 4— 6)
Vik Seg Spee ee Eee ae 5.1( 5— 6)
Vile... Se ee 5:0( 5= 5)
Vil: Spee cern ee ced: 3.6( 3— 4)
Af a as a ee none

FEMALES
19.1(15-22)
11.5( 8-14)
20.0(19-21)
5.3( 4- 6)
4.0( 3- 5)
3 .9(3204)
4.8( 4- 5)
4.4( 4- 6)
11.6(10-14)

none

18.4(17-22)
8.0( 7-10)

T5102)
COA)

40C32)5)
6.2( 5a)
5.9( 5= 7)
5.9( 5- 7)
Os 7)
520516)
2.8( 2- 3)
8.3( 5-12)

S. (M.)
macrodactyla
MALES
14.0(14-14)
7.1 T=38)
17.3(17=18)
4.4( 4- 5)
3.6( 3- 4)
3.5( 3- 4)
2.8( 2- 3)
3.8( 3— 4)
10.3( 8-13)

none

18.3(17-19)
8.3 7am)

6.3( 5- 8)
1.2¢ 1-4

4.3( 4- 5)
5.8( 5- 6)
5.8( 5- 6)
5.6( 5- 6)
5.5( Sasa)
5.0( 4- 6)
4.2( 3= Si
0.3( 0- 1)

2 The numbers given are for one side of the flea only, unless “total” is designated.
Figures are based on counts on 10 to 13 males and 10 to 25 females of S. alpina from
various localities, and on three males (type and paratypes) of S. macrodactyla. ‘The
figures in each column are arranged as follows:—Average (minimum-maximum),
respectively,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 7, OCT., 1942 137

Br. of abd. sternites—

[excell (euiesceill)) Me ee none none none

Barra (yer tial) ak es | ee ee none none none
Re. 2 ence hee ee 222133) 5.4( 4- 7) 3.0( 2- 4)
TVo 22 he eee See ae 29 (233) 5.2( 4- 6) 3.3( 3- 4)
Vit Jee ee ee 2.9( 2- 3) 5.3( 4- 6) 3.0( 3- 3)
Wile Seek: ee ees 2.8( 2- 4) 5.6( 4 7) 3.3( 3- 4)
Vila es ee a 2.9( 2— 3) 8.1( 6-10) 4.3( 4- 5)
RYH ge: Be Oe SE 2.4( 2- 3) none 4.3( 3- 5)
Anite pyc idiale brits tlesmee esses meeneenn 3.0( 3= 3) 3.0( 3- 3) 3.0( 3- 3)

Summary oF MEASUREMENTS OF Stenistomera. (in mm.).3
S. (M.)

S. (S.) alpina macrodacty la

MALES FEMALES MALES
Motalplencth tee eT. 2.05, (le7 —2°3\) 257322; 3:2 ) 2.04. (1.8 =2.4>)
Oral angle—fr. notch................. L9OG -18— 20) .2232022— 26) ,, .142( 14215)
Fr. notch—dorsal sulcus... . 120( Ai 13) ele 16). .135(. 125)
Miaallas (lemme th) en 157@ 13=..19))" -198( -16— 23) .:130( .13=. 14)
Maxillary palpus (total)... . 264( .23— .29) .288( .25— .32) .245( .22- .26)
oe oe ee founte gle ck .072( .07— .08) .081( .08— .08) .066( .06— .08)
a “ ee eee ee .068( .06- .08) .077( .07— .08) .059( .05— .06)
s i. pee gi Ao nenes .050( .05— .05) .052( .05— .06) .044( .04— .05)
as . tage An ooo .080( .08— .08) .082( .08- .08) .078( .07— .08)
Wabial"palpus (total)... 500( .46- .52) .586( .49- .65) .308( .28— .32)
s ss JOin toe ee 203 CaS — 3222) 234-2126) 146 (139815)
se “ ake eras te .086( .07— .09) .097( .09- .10) .036( .03— .04)
ye oe ene 086( .07— .10) .117( .09- .13) .041( .03- .05)
os = SS TAS Se -134( .12— .16) .157( .13— .17) .080( .07— .08)
Apex rostrum beyond fore coxa... .043( .01— .07) = .038( .01— .05) ~—.102( .05- .12)
euethyot foreicoxa* -__.222651 4: -407( .40— .42) .519( -51—-.54) .385( .32— :42)
Fore coxa beyond base troch..._.. .049( .04— .06) .054( .03- .07) .052( .04— .06)
lind coxa (length). 409(0:38— .45)), .513( .46= 55)’ .373( 232=- .40)
ee thy en 2I8( 22= 26) 295(-825=..33) 2430 20") 27)
ei crochemten (leucth)ie 083( .07- .10) .111( .09- .14) .079( .06- .09)
Sefer (leacthy le 366( .33- .40) .446( .39- .46) .358( .30- .40)
co Cate Atle ee atees ae In ONG 28 188, aes GOIN) wala 7a 4.34)
ATSUSHI} Otte wee mene Sik = BN NC PSS ON OC LS 335)
: “I id os OLN Eni a na Meee On 127( .11- .15) .144( .13- .15) .140( .12- .16)
ss “ Cire JY agi Slee sY ens .083( .07— .09) .089( .07— .10) .084( .07- .09)
. fs eam ee ie cree deed Oe .054( .05— .06) .058( .05— .06) .055( .05— .06)
. ce & - Sieeélav)2--.-. llONC l= cl) lO a= ol .093( .08— .10)
Antepygidial bristles (upper)... .059( .04- .08) —.204( .18- .24) —.076) .06- .08)
“ ee edhe) S20 1s2 17), 226323 029) 5813-1)
os z (lower)... .078( .06— .10) .215( .19= .23) .096( .07— .12)
mierrble Gneer (front mare)... 139( 12=) le) 4 270( .25- .29)

3 All measurements are given in millimeters, and the figures in each column are
arranged as follows: Average (minimum-maximum), respectively. Fingers are based
on measurements of the following number of specimens: S. a/pina=10(5-12) each of
males and females from various localities (figures on total length based on 16 males
and 20 females; S. macrodactyla 3 males (type and 2 paratypes).

4 Measured to the apex of the rounded extension which projects well past the base

of the trochanter,

138 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 7, OCT., 1942

i; “(rear Seas Aa 9 M26 M6=220) 2 pice ee ee .281( .27— .29)
Secu ance 1 (dvammecer an MOSS OHOSGL0 a an ae 068( .06- .08)
‘i *Sswi(apexslower ‘sps)’ 028 (.02= 04) jee eee eee .072( .06- .08)
Sternite [X—external (length)... .158( .10- .20) 9 .197( .18— .20)
es + WGwidth=base)058(204— 07) Sa ee .072( .06— .08)
shes ae 2 (Gals apes 058 05-6) 043( .04- .05)
i “internal (length)... . D5 S23 229) eee eee .348( .31- .37)

EXPLANATION OF PLaTE 13.

Figure 1. Stenistomera alpina (Baker). male. X 42.

Abbreviations.—Ant., antenna; Ap., apodeme; Ap. Sp., apical spines; Apy. Br.,
antepygidial bristles; B. St., basal sternite; Cl., claw; Cx., coxa; D. P., dermal pit;
D. S.. dorsal sulcus; Em., epimeron; Es., episternum; F., movable finger of clasper;
Fe., femur; F. N., frontal notch; G., gena; Ies., infraepisternum; L. P., labial palpus;
M., manubrium of clasper; Max., maxilla; Mes., mesonotum; Met., metanotum;
M. P., maxillary palpus; Occ., occiput; Par., paramere of penis; P. C., pronotal
ctenidium; Pen., penis; Pl. Br., plantar bristles; Pro., pronotum; Pv., proventriculus;
Pyg., pygidium; Sp. P., spring of penis; St., sternite; Tar., tarsus; Ti., tibia; Tg.,
tergite; Tr., trochanter.

Figure 2. Stenistomera alpina (Baker), female, antenna. X 255.
Abbreviations.—Flg., flagellum; Ped., pedicel; Sc., scape; Sh., sheath.

Figure 3. Stenistomera alpina (Baker), female, modified segments. X 60.

Abbreviations.—Ap. Br., antepygidial bristles; D. R. S., duct of receptaculum seminis;
Pyg., pygidium; R. S. receptaculum seminis; St., sternite; Sti., stigma; Sty., stylet;
Tg., tergite.

Figure 4. Stenistomera (Miochaeta) macrodactyla, new species, male, head. X 68.
Abbreviations.—Ant., antenna; D. P., dermal pit; F. N., frontal notch; L. P., labial
palpus; Max., maxilla; M. P., maxillary palpus.

Figure 5. Stenistomera (Miochaeta) macrodactyla, new species, male, modified segments.
X 65.

Abbreviations.—Ap. Br., antepygidial bristles; F., movable finger of clasper; M.,
manubrium of clasper; Par., paramere of penis; Pen., penis; Pyg., pygidium; Sp. Pen.,
spring of penis; St., sternite; Tg., tergite,

PLATE 13

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44

HO
; -| Tgvil
Hi Ap Br
a
———
—
Sti
JP
Brera (52
5 Cs —-Prya
Fs

7 Ty vill

Still

[139]

140 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 7, OCT., 1942

A NEW HETEROTHRIPS FOUND ON OAK (THYSANOPTERA,
HETEROTHRIPIDAE).

By J. C. Crawrorp,
Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

The genus Heterothrips is represented in the eastern part of
the United States by less than a dozen described species, and the
discovery of a new form in great abundance after so many
years of collecting seems quite unusual.

Heterothrips quercicola, new species.

Female.—Length (fully distended) 1.7 mm. Dark blackish brown, legs more
distinctly blackened but with fore tibia lighter colored and pale yellowish
apically and more or less along fore margin, mid and hind tibiae somewhat
lightened apically, tarsi light yellowish; antenna dark brown, except that seg-
ment II is grayish yellow apically, II] grayish yellow to second transverse
incision, beyond which it is tinged with brown, and IV lighter brown than
following segments.

Head about 1.4 times as wide as length (measured from front of eyes),
widest forward of middle and with cheeks gently rounded; in dorsal aspect,
with a few minute spines and with faint, transverse striae in front of ocelli and
with distinct striae behind them; anterior ocellus less than one-half the diameter
of a posterior ocellus; frontal costa with a deep V-shaped emargination; an-
tennal segment I with a median, transverse, carinate line, segment III elongate,
obconical, with the usual two incisions and lightly sclerotized bands at about
basal one-fifth and three-eighths, respectively, I] and IV each with a band of
sensoria apically, that on IV in a light area, IV roundly tapering to base, V
somewhat barrel shaped, VI to VIII with sides only very gently rounded, IX
conical.

Prothorax with anterior and posterior margins almost straight, lateral
margins rounded, pronotum with transverse anastomosing lines forming irregular
polygons; mesonotum with close, strong, transverse lines anastomosing very
sparsely except anteriorly; metanotum with close, concentric striae; forewings
gray brown, with a light area extending from apex of anal lobe to the point
where the basal spine on the hind vein is situated; costa, fore vein, and hind
vein with about (29-)! 34, (20—-) 24, and 14 (-15) spines respectively.

Abdominal terga II-VII laterally with sparse pubescence on transverse
anastomosing lines, nearly free of pubescence medially; VIII with similar
pubescence over entire surface except extreme median base; IX with similar
pubescence on posterior two-thirds (forward to discal bristles), X bare; combs
on segments I-V broadly interrupted medially, complete on VI-VIII; apical
margins of terga II-V with a few slender spines medially; spines of combs with
thick bases, the inner ones on terga I-V distinct or in part with irregularly
coalesced bases, those outward coalesced into plates bearing six to eight spines,
these plates much broader than long and the spines on them three to four times

1 Numbers in parentheses represent the range of unusual variation, those
outside parentheses, the usual number.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 7, OCT., 1942 141

as long as plates; segment 6 with similar plates at extreme sides bearing about
five spines per plate; segment 7 with some of lateral spines with coalesced
bases; sterna II-VI with marginal fringes which laterally are basally coalesced
into plates with two to five spines, segment 10 above split open to circlet of
spines.

Measurements (in microns): Head, length from front of eye 120, ‘total
length 128, greatest width 172; prothorax, median length 192, width 241;
pterothorax, median length 272, width 316; forewing, length 860; ovipositor
292,

Antennae: 1 2 3 + 5 6 7 8 9
28 42 60 40 28 33 18 16 16

Male.—Length distended 1.20 mm. Similar to the female but third antenna
segment tinged gray brown basad of transverse incision and light brown beyond,
fourth antennal segment almost as dark in color as following segment; fringes
of terga laterally only slightly and irregularly coalesced basally; tergum [IX
not fringed and without processes; sterna IV-VIII each with a subbasal,
broadly elliptical, glandular area, that on sterna IV about 24x 10 yw; sterna
II-VIII with continuous fringes, the bristles of which have slightly enlarged
bases.

Antennae (in microns):

1 2 3 + 5 6 7 8 9
24 36 58 40 26 29 16 1S i)

Type locality —Babylon, Long Island, N. Y.

Type.—Catalog No. 56445, United States National Museum.

Host.—Quercus sp.

Described from 62 female and 17 male specimens, including
holotype female and allotype male, on slides (and many females
in alcohol), taken from the catkins of a scrub oak, probably 9.
marilandica, May 3, 1938; 4 males beaten from pine, April 26,
1938; and 3 males and 1 female beaten from pine, May 3, 1938
(J. C. Crawford, collector).

Differs from all the known American species which have the
abdominal fringes coalesced into plates by having the spines
on the plates three to four times as long as the plates and the
plates themselves transverse; ail the previously known species
have spines no longer than the plates except pectinifer Hd.
which has them about one and one-half times the length of the
plate but the plate itself as Jong as or longer than broad, and
vernus Hd., which has the spines two to three times as long as
the plate, the sixth antennal segment shorter than the fifth,
and in the male has the glandular areas of the sterna small and
only slightly elliptical, measuring about 14 X 8 uy.

142 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 7, OCT., 1942

OVIPOSITION HABITS AND EARLY STAGES OF ORASEMA SP.

By H. L. Parker.
Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine U. S. Department of Agriculture.

In April, 1941, the writer observed a chalcid fly’ ovipositing
in the leaves of zarzaparilla colorado (Muehlenbeckia sagittifolia
Meissn., Fam. Polygonaceae) at Reconquista, in the Province
of Santa Fe, Argentina. A search on the leaves of other nearby
plants revealed that similar egg punctures, probably of the
same species, occurred on mburucuyo (Passiflora coerulea L.,
Fam. Passifloraceae), barba de viejo (Clematis sp., Fam.
Ranunculaceae), and tripa de fraile (Pithycoctinium cyanchoides
DC. clematidium Gris., Fam. Bignonaceae). Eggs were very
abundant on these plants, literally millions being present,
especially on M. sagittifolia, and it is to material from this
plant that the observations refer. Eggs were found in great
abundance on these plants in various directions for distances of
10 to 20 kilometers from Reconquista. None was found at
Vera, however, about 60 kilometers away, but the searches in
this place were limited to a few hours. On another occasion,
at Puerto Tirol, near Resistencia in the Chaco Territory,
similar egg punctures were noted on an unknown plant by
Dr. A. Ogloblin, who stated that they were very similar to the
egg punctures of Orasema aenea Gahan on Ilex paraguayensis,
and that the latter species was common throughout the Chaco
and Misiones on many species of plants.

The eggs of Orasema sp. observed by the writer are deposited
in the tissue of the leaf on the underside. The punctures are
made, for the most part, near the border of the leaf, but many
leaves have the entire underside almost completely covered
with punctures, which cause them after a few days to turn light
brown. One can distinguish leaves heavily punctured from a
distance of many yards. When only a few eggs are laid, they
are usually in a row or rows, with the eggs more or less evenly
spaced in the rows (fig. 1). Very often, however, so many
eggs are laid near the outer edges of a single leaf that all sem-
blance of order appears to be lost.

In ovipositing the female takes a position on the underside
of the leaf with her body oriented more or less longitudinally
with the leaf. She curves her abdomen somewhat underneath
the body and gives a short, steady thrust downward and for-
ward into the leaf tissue. This movement requires only a few
seconds, and apparently an egg is laid during the process, only

1 Adults of this fly were examined by A. B. Gahan, who stated that “ this
[species] runs directly to Orasema aenea Gahan in my key and agrees with that
species except that it is distinctly less deeply sculptured. I am in doubt as
to the identity.”

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 7, OCT., 1942 143

one egg being placed in each puncture. The female then with-
draws her ovipositor, straightens out her abdomen, and quickly
takes a step or so forward and repeats the process. Arriving
at the edge of the leaf she turns about and starts another row
of punctures, more or less parallel to the first, but sometimes
diverging.

The puncture is left open, the egg being placed rather far
into the hole made by the ovipositor; it lies paraliel to the
surface of the leaf, with the anterior pole nearest the opening
of the wound (fig. 2). The tissue above the egg (inverted view
of the leaf) dessicates somewhat and turns brownish. In many
cases the punctures become slightly scarified, undoubtedly after
the hatching of the egg, and are partly closed up with a gall-
like, or cancerous growth.

Some females were observed apparently in the act of oviposi-
tion on leaves bearing old oviposition scars. Close examination
revealed no new punctures, however, although newly laid
white eggs were noted in some of the old punctures, partially
extruding and sometimes entirely outside the cavity. Other
eggs were noted lying about on the leaf surface where no
puncture had been made. The writer was thus led to assume
that the females attempt to utilize the punctures more than once
for egg laying.

The ovarian egg (fig. 3) is approximately oblong-oval, with a
heavy stem, or peduncle, at the pole taken to be the anterior,
for this is the end of the egg which apparently issues last from
the abdomen and lies nearest the opening of the puncture
(fig. 2). Itis white and without sculpturing or other appendages.
The deposited egg is similar except that the pedicel is more
slender (fig. 4). There appear to be four or five thousand eggs
in the ovaries of a female.

Leaves were collected and kept in cardboard and tin boxes.
Larvae hatched in both these containers and died therein, but
the majority of larvae were found in the following June dead
within the egg in the puncture. The illustrations were made
from this material by treating it in warm water and weak
potash for 48 hours, which distends the larva considerably
and separates the segments so that they can be observed.

The first-stage larva is of the well-known planidium type,
being composed of the head and 13 body segments, of which
the last is a fleshy lobe between the caudal cerci. It is dark
brownish except for the fleshy parts between the sclerites.
The head is somewhat heartshaped, slightly truncate posteriorly
and anteriorly, with a fleshy portion around the mouthparts
and an unsclerotized longitudinal strip ventrally. It bears two
pairs of circular sensoria (probably the bases of setae) dorsally.
The mandibles are of the usual comma shape. The body (fig. 5)
is more or less spindle-shaped, being widest at the third thoracic

PLATE 14

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL,

es a@
ae ?
et
e: oy
e? ee
oe *e
te Sie
ee e
ee eo?
, e

e e
° ee
.
e@
° Che
‘. ee
. ee

. oot

e e «

‘; ’ te

ty ° ue

e . ee

« ee

e e ee

e ose

are
is

Fig. 1, leaf of Muehlenbeckia sagittifolia showing pattern of egg punctures
on underside of leaf; fig. 2 egg in situ with a fully developed first-stage larva
within it; fig. 3, ovarian egg; fig. 4, deposited egg; fig. 5, first-stage larva,
showing sclerotized parts only.

[144]

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 7, OCT., 1942 145

and first abdominal segments. There are 12 sclerotized bands,
or dorso-pleural plates, extending almost entirely around the
body, as is usual with this type of larva. Setae are found in the
following places. One pair dorsally on the first thoracic seg-
ment near the posterior border and one pair ventrally also
posteriorly; one pair dorsolaterally on the anterior edge of the
second thoracic segment and one pair dorsally on the posterior
edge; one pair dorsally on the third thoracic segment and one
pair ventrally, both near the posterior border; one pair ven-
trolaterally on each of the second and third abdominal segments
near the posterior border; a pair of long caudal cerci apparently
attached to the fleshy portion of the ninth abdominal segment,
since no circular base can be discerned on the sclerotized part
of chis segment, whereas in the other cases the circular bases
are quite distinct. The second thoracic segment is the longest
medially, the thoracic plates terminating ventrally in a simple
manner, the first to fourth abdominal segments each have a dis-
tinct tooth on each side posteriorly in a ventro-lateral posi-
tion, and the inner angle of the posterior edge of the segments is
somewhat poinied; the fifth abdominal segment bears two large
teeth at its posterior-ventral margin; the sixth, somewhat wider
than the preceding segments, is drawn out poscerioriv in a long
tooth that is obtuse before the apex but has a sharp-pointed
apex; the seventh and eighth are slightly drawn out to a poinc
posteriorly, otherwise simple; the ninth seems to be a simple
plate withouc teeth.

NOTES ON THE SEASONAL HISTORY OF THE RABBIT TICK,
HAEMAPHYSALIS LEPORIS-PALUSTRIS, IN OKLAHOMA. !

By Gaines W. Eppy.?
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE.

Although the rabbit tick has been known for over seventy
years, its importance in the dissemination and transmission of
diseases has only recently come to light. It was shown to
transmit spotted fever by Parker (1923) and was incriminated
as a carrier of tularaemia by Parker, Spencer and Francis (1924).
This tick is also a proved vector of tularaemia in British Colum-
bia, according to Moilliet (1936), and was shown to carry that
disease in Alaska by Philip and Parker (1938).

1A contribution from the Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College
Department of Entomology, Stillwater.

2 Now with the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology
and Plant Quarantine.

146 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 7, OCT., 1942

The rabbit tick likely plays an important role in the main-
tenance of both tularaemia and spotted fever in nature. It
also meets in common with the American dog tick, Dermacentor
variabilis, on cottontail rabbits. The importance of rabbits as
hosts for the American dog tick will be brought out in a sub-
sequent paper.

DISTRIBUTION.

The rabbit tick is known to occur in southern Alaska, Canada,
throughout the United States and in Central and South America.

In Oklahoma, it probably occurs in every county but has
been collected in only twenty-five of the seventy-seven counties
as indicated on the accompanying map.

The tick is more prevalent in the wooded eastern half of the
State. Numerous animals have been examined in the western
part of the State but only a few specimens have been collected.

Distrivution of

Haemenhysalis lenoris-nalustris

” “

a lee:
Daauat

PT Sa
= 2 ee!
SeencoL: fad

OKLAHOMA

SCALE: STATUTE mies

o 7 wm wo we

HOSTS.

Rabbits and hares are the principal hosts for this tick. Birds,
however, play an important role as hosts for the immature
forms. Peters (1936) lists forty-six species of birds that have
been attacked by the rabbit tick. In only a few instances
have the adult stages been known to attack birds.

Some of the more uncommon hosts, as listed by various

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 7, OCT., 1942 147

authors, are the horse, dasyure, cat, pine squirrel and man.
According to Hearle (1938), chipmunks and ground hogs are
commonly attacked in British Columbia.

In Oklahoma, the writer has collected larvae from the thir-
teen-striped ground squirrel (Citellus tridecemlineatus bodius);
nymphs from the striped skunk (Mephitis mesomelas varians);
nymphs from the fox squirrel (Sczurus niger rufiventer); larvae
from the woodrat (Neotoma floridana attwateri); and larvae
from the house cat. Many specimens have been taken from
birds, including the eastern crow and domestic chicken. Field
mice appear to be of little importance as hosts. At the time
of this paper, a large number of mice (mostly Peromyscus spp.)
have been examined in Iowa, but no rabbit ticks have been
found. Rabbits and birds collected in the same locality have
yielded many specimens.

SEASONAL HISTORY.

The rabbits killed, in obtaining information on the seasonal
history, were taken in Payne county. Periodical collections
were made from January 1, 1939, to January 1, 1940. Each
month at least five and no more than thirty-two rabbits were
collected, totalling 197. An attempt was made to examine a
few animals each week, though in a number of instances this
was impossible. For instance, more rabbits should have been
examined during February and March than were in this case.
Some of the animals taken in January were live-trapped. All
the rest were shot, bagged in the field and taken to the labora-
tory for examination. Usually the animals were allowed to
remain in the bags for a few hours before removal of the ticks,
since a large per cent will detach after the animals become
cold. However, females have been found attached after
twenty-four hour periods.

The rabbit population on all areas where collecting was done,
varied from one-tenth to five per acre.

It has been known for some time that the rabbit tick is
active during the warmer seasons of the year. Hooker, Bishopp
and Wood (1912) state that the three active stages of the tick
may be collected during all seasons of the year. According to
Cooley (1932), it is not a winter feeding species in Montana,
probably hibernating between active seasons. He also states
that no records of adults have been taken in March, which
would appear necessary unless the larvae hibernate over winter.
Green, Bel] and Evans (1938) report the rabbit tick emerges
from hibernation in Minnesota during the first part of April.
The latter author (1940) states that the tick may be found
during midwinter, but this is an unusual occurrence, Hixon

148 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 7, OCT., 1942

(1940) says all stages may be collected during the winter months
in Florida, but there is a marked decrease in numbers.

In Oklahoma, both the larvae and nymphs were active
during all months of the year. No males were collected in
December and no females were taken in November or December.

The larvae showed a great increase in June, July and August,
with the peak in July. They were fairly steady in September,
October and November but showed a marked decrease in
December. Even though the temperature went below freezing
in January, both flat and replete specimens were taken. In
fact, about sixty per cent of the larvae were replete. The
larvae, as with the other stages, showed an increase in March.
The sudden increase in June was no doubt due, in part, to the
first ovipositing females.

No engorged nymphs were collected until the first part of
March. They showed a steady increase until their peak in
June. A fairly large number was present until December, at
which time there was a marked decrease.

Thirty-one rabbits were examined during January and
February and seven females were removed. All the specimens
were flat. It was not until March 17 that an engorging female
was found. They appeared in much greater numbers during
June but decreased in a similar manner following that month.
This increase was probably was due in part to molting nymphs.
Few specimens were taken in October and none were removed
from the thirty-six rabbits examined in November and Decem-
ber.

The seasonal fluctuations of the males were similar to those
of the females. The males appeared in greater numbers in
April, May and June but became gradually fewer in numbers
through November. No specimens were collected from sixteen
animals examined in December.

The above data indicate the immature stages of the rabbit
tick are active during all months of the year, the females in
all except the last two months, and the males in all except
December. There was no direct correlation between the
temperature and humidity and the number of ticks present.
Temperature, however, appeared to be an important factor.
The immature stages are more active during the colder months
than are the adults.

This tick is almost inactive during the winter months in the
more northern States, such as Minnesota or Montana, but
apparently becomes more active as one goes farther south,

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 7, OCT., 1942 149

A Summary oF A YEAR’S COLLECTION OF THE Rassir Tick, Haemaphysalis
Leporis-Palustris, FROM THE Corron Tait Rassirt, Sy/vilagus Floridanus
alacer, FROM JANuARy 1, 1939, ro January 1, 1940.

NO. OF
ANIMALS — AVERAGE NO. OF TICKS PER RABBIT EACH MONTH.

DATE EXAMINED MALES FEMALES NYMPHS LARVAE TOTAL
Jantiary =e = 26 215 58) Del 2a 4.64
February .:2......: 5 40 20 2.20 40 3.20
Marchi. 5 2 6 4.66 1.66 4.33 8.16 18.83
ENON SS SoA heer eee 32 12.03 5.87 6.81 68 25.40
Mary ai Peace ote Bt. 13 12S 3.30 8.92 358) 24.00
(nese eet 2S 19 25.72 18.84 22.05 48.94 115.56
July eee 17 6.88 5.41 DES 5 78.70 112.34
ANWR UI eae 11 5.90 3.81 8.27 27.45 45.43
September ___.... 15 6.66 Sisk SESS 10.86 36.18
October... ..-< 17 1:47 64 10.41 10.76 23.28
November. = 20 40 0 10.00 10.30 20.70
December... 16 0 a0) 62 2.18 2.80

REFERENCES.

Cootey, R. A. 1932. The Rocky Mountain wood tick. Bul. 268, Mont.
Agric. Exp. Sta.

Evans, C. A. 1940. Correspondence.

Green, R. G., Bett, J. F. and Evans, C. A. 1938. Rabbit tick population

on the Lake Alexander Area, Minnesota. Wildlife Disease Investigation,
pp. 80-86.

Hearts, E. 1938. The ticks of British Columbia. Scientific Agric., 18 (7):
341-354.
Hixon, H. 1940. Correspondence.

Hooker, W. A., Bisnopp, F. C. and Woop, H. P. 1912. The life history and
bionomics of some North American ticks. U.S. Dept. Agric., Bur. Ent.
Bul. 106.

Moruuet, T. K. 1936. Review of tularemiain British Columbia, with special
reference to a recent human case. Can. Ent. 68: 121-124.

Parker, R. R. 1923. Transmission of Rocky Mountain spotted fever by the
tick, Haemaphysalis leporis-palustris Pack. Amer. Jour. Trop. Med. 3
(1): 39-45.

Parker, R.R., Spencer, R.R. and Franets,E. 1924. Tularemia infection in

ticks of the species Dermacentor andersoni Stiles in the Bitter Root Valley,
Montana. Publ. Health Repts. (U. S.) 39: 1057-1073.

Perers, H. S. 1936. A list of ectoparasites from birds of the Eastern part
of the United States. Bird Banding, 7 (1): 9-27.

Puitip, C. B., and Parker, R. R. 1938. Occurrence of tularemia in the
rabbit tick (Haemaphysalis leporis-palustries) in Alaska. Publ. Rep. 53:
574-575.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.

The author is indebted to Dr. L. E. Rozeboom for advice and
assistance in the work; to Dr. F. A. Fenton for financial assist-
ance and encouragement; and to Dr. F. Baumgartner, Mr. G. A.
Bieberdorf and Mr. M. Maxwell, who assisted in collecting
some of the material.

150 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 7, OCT., 1942

TWO NEW SOUTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF MEROTHRIPS
HOOD (THYSANOPTERA, MEROTHRIPIDAE).

By J. C. Crawrorp,
Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. S. Department of Agriculture.

Although the genus Merothrips is widely distributed, having
been recorded from North and South America, South Africa,
and the Hawaiian Islands, the number of species appears to be
small, and specimens apparently are not taken in large numbers.
The finding of two new species in South America seems to be
noteworthy, especially in view of the size of one of the series.

The following key will aid in identifying the species although,
owing to the lack of detailed descriptions of two of them, it has
been necessary to place these in a triplet rather than in the con-
ventional couplets.

KEY TO THE SPECIES.

1. Pronotum posteriorly with only 1 pair of long bristles... 2
Pronotum posteriorly with 2 pairs of long bristles. mirus, new species.
2. Sensoria on antennal segments 3 and 4 small, appearing as lateral
facethike Spots) 24s ost Cork et 6 cee eee neers nigricornis Hood.
Sensoria on segments 3 and 4 bandlike, extending almost across segments 3
3. Eyes ventrally produced caudad to a point beneath dorsal margin of
head; postocular bristles much Jess than one-half as long as inter-
ocellliairs) \.. tthe Ses Shee Sore Sa er et ee Ce cognatus Hood.
Postocular bristles somewhat shorter than interocellars; pronotum
with many discal bristles; pronotum with about 5 pairs of posterior

marginal bristles and with a pair of discal furrows on anterior half
williamsi Priesner.

Eyes ventrally not produced; no furrows on disk of pronotum; post-
ocular bristles about one-half as long as interocellars; 3 pairs of
posterior marginal prothoracic bristles... plaumanni, new species.

Merothrips plaumanni, new species.

Female (macropterous).—Length about | mm. (distended, 1.4 mm.). Brown,
with the head darkest and much darker in anterior half, prothorax about as
dark as head posteriorly, pterothorax somewhat paler in color than prothorax
and tinged with yellow, abdomen still lighter in color and palest in intermediate
segments with terga I and IX-X almost as dark as pterothorax; fore legs yellow
or very faintly tinged brownish, mid and hind legs light yellowish brown;
antenna brown, with segment II brownish yellow, and extreme base of III,
except the brown pedicel, colorless; sensoria of III and IV dorsally extending
almost across segments; wings grayish brown, forewing pale at extreme base,
and with a pale median area beyond anal lobe, the space between the veins
paler; fringe of posterior margin of forewing on outer half with the hairs in
pairs, of which one is longer, stronger, and straight, the other weaker and wavy;
hind wing with a median darker stripe extending almost to apex; fore tibial

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 7, OCT., 1942 151

teoth small, nipplelike; hind tibial spurs well developed but the few bristles
basad of them weak; line of fusion of terga [IX and X showing only faintly.

Head from front of eye about as long as broad, with the produced portion
between the eyes about 16 uw long; frontal costa with a wide shallow emargination;
cheeks gently curved, subparallel, eyes somewhat protruding; a few very
faint transverse lines near base of head; interocellar bristles just back of a
transverse line tangent to the posterior margin of anterior ocellus and outside
a line tangent to the outer margins of anterior and posterior ocelli; postocular
bristles close to eyes, inserted 56 apart and about 9 uw from lateral margins of
head; antennae elongate, slender, segments ITI-VIII pedicellate; pedicel of III
apically with a sharp-edged ridge.

Prothorax widened posteriorly, much narrower at anterior margin than
median length; furrows separating notum from pleuron only slightly divergent
in anterior half, thence rapidly so; no furrows anteriorly on disk; base with
a few widely spaced, transverse, anastomosing lines; well-developed strong,
anterior angular bristles directed forward and on each side a pair of anterior
marginals close to the angulars, all these on the extreme anterior margin of
notum; posterior angles each with a single long thin bristle and between them
3 pairs of posterior marginals; about 16 minor discal bristles, most of which
are near the edges of the notum; all prothoracic bristles light brown; propleura
as seen from above showing medially a single short bristle in a small, pale,
circular area; mesoscutum with a single long bristle at each lateral angle; ptero-
notum with very faint, widely spaced, transverse, anastomosing lines; dorsal
margin of fore femur with a single moderately long (24 u) bristle at about
distal two-thirds, a long one at about middle on outer side, and one about as
long farther basad and well ventrad of middle of femur, beyond this latter
bristle with a row of 4 distinct short bristles; femur with other scattered, short,
weak bristles as well as a row along dorsal surface; dorsal surface of fore tibia
with a single long bristle distad of middle and one somewhat basad and farther
ventrad of this on outer side; fore and hind femora very greatly swollen; veins
of forewing setose their entire length, costa and fore and hind veins with about
21, 3+11-13, and 10 bristles, respectively, the outer bristle on hind vein basad
of the next to last on the fore vein.

Abdomen normal in form, terga I-VIII with very faint, widely separated,
transverse, very sparsely anastomosing lines; tergal bristles tinged brownish,
on I-VIII, short, except those at lateral margins; four bristles on each lateral
margin of II-VI similarly arranged, two on extreme margin, one of which is
slightly in front of the middle, the other distinctly back of it, between them
but more mesad the longest bristle of the group, the fourth bristle almost as
far cephalad as the first mentioned but 28 u mesad of it; bristles on IX-X long,
thin, almost colorless, drawn out to very thin ends, dorsolaterals of X surrounded
by a circular area about 10 yu in diameter, this being two and one-half times the
diameter of the point of insertion of other setae.

Measurements (in microns, mostly from holotype): Head length 92, width
across eyes 88, width just behind eyes 80, greatest width across cheeks 83.5,
width at base 78.5; prothorax, median length 124, width anteriorly 96, greatest
width including coxae 180; greatest width of pterothorax 208; wing length 605,
width medially 37. Bristles, interocellar 68, postocular 30, anterior angular 25,
posterior angular 68, lateral on mesoscutum 60, at middle of fore vein 30; on

152 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 7, OCT., 1942

tergum IX, median 48, dorsolateral 152, lateral 152, ventrolateral 172; on tergum
X, median 140, dorsolateral 144, lateral 128.

Antennae: i 2 3 4 5 6 H 8
Length, 190 32) VA AQ My 327395 Spee Oo
Width, 28s 26 19 iby 14 13 12 11

Male unknown.

Type locality —Nova Teutonia, Santa Catharina, Brazil.

Type.—Catalog No. 56446, United States National Museum.

Described from 21 females collected on dead branches by
Fritz Plaumann (to whom the species 1s dedicated) in 1941, 6
in May, | in June, and 14 in July (including holotype).

In addition to the characters given in the key, this species
differs in many other details from the description of wz//iams1
Pr., which is said to have the interocellars close in front of and
somewhat mesad of the hind ocelli, hind tibia towards apex with
many long rigid bristles, outer margin of fore tibia with one
long bristle; head 127 » long and 135 wide; prothorax 176 uw long
and 181 wide, pterothorax 306 u long and 238 wide, antenna VIII
distinctly shorter than III, antennal segments much wider,
especially III and IV, although of about the same length as in
plaumanni; wing 748 long. The description of wi//iamsi made
no mention of any ventral production of the eyes, a character
not likely to have been overlooked by Dr. Priesner, and in this
it would be distinguished from cognatus Hd.

Merothrips mirus, new species.

Female (macropterous).—Length about 1 mm. (distended, 1.35 mm.): Deep
brown; head, and at times prothorax, blackish brown, abdomen palest, ptero-
thorax somewhat lighter than prothorax, fore femora as dark as prothorax,
fore tibiae paler and shading to brownish yellow apically, mid and hind femora
somewaht paler than pterothorax, their tibiae and all tarsi brownish yellow;
antennae entirely blackish brown, except the extreme whitish base of III and
its pale-brown pedicel; pronotum with a single, long, posterior, angular bristle
but also a long midlateral bristle opposite’ posterior end of propleuron as seen
from above; anterior angular bristles long, strong, directed cephalad, slightly
removed from anterior margin, the three pairs of bristles mesad of them suc-
cessively farther removed from anterior margin; sense areas of antennal seg-
ments III and IV extending dorsally almost across segments; body bristles
brown, those of abdomen only faintly so; major body bristles thin and apically
drawn out very thin.

Head narrowest just back of eyes, with cheeks slightly divergent to near base,
from front of eye shorter than greatest width, between the eyes produced about
19 w; frontal costa with a wide semicircular emargination; posterior half of head
with a few widely spaced transverse lines strong enough to cause sides of head
to appear to have 3-4 subserrations; eyes protruding; interocellar bristles

'Visible portion only.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 7, OCT., 1942 153

almost one-half the distance forward from posterior to anterior ocellus and about
on lines tangent to the outer margins of posterior and anterior ocelli; postocular
bristles close to eyes, 88 apart and about 8 from lateral margins of head;
head, in outline, with two short bristles just behind eyes; antennal segments
long, slender; antennae III-VIII pedicellate, pedicel of III apically with a
sharp-edged ridge.

Prothorax wide across anterior margin, the sutures separating notum from
pleuron at first gently divergent to beyond middle, thence rapidly so caudad;
with 3 pairs of strong posterior marginal bristles and a similar bristle between
posterior angular and midlateral bristles, disk with about 10 more bristles of
which 4 are in a transverse row at the front of the distinct transverse sculpture
at rear of notum and 3 on each side some distance back of those near anterior
margin (these at times are approximately in a transverse row) and occasionally
a single bristle in front of midlateral; rear of pronotum with a few strong
anastomosing lines; wings almost uniformly smoky brown, forewing with the
extreme base, a line in front of fore vein extending outwardly about to apex of
anal lobe, and line of demarcation of anal lobe almost hyaline; hind wing with
a median dark streak extending almost to apex; forewing with about 25, 18,
and 14 bristles on costa and fore and hind veins, respectively, outer bristle of
hind vein basad of next to last on fore vein; fringe hairs of hind margin of fore-
wing arranged as in p/aumanni; fore and hind femora greatly swollen, the
tooth at tip of fore tibia rather small, nipplelike; outer face of fore femur with
2 long bristles ventrad of median line, the first at sbout the middle, the other
near base; also with many short bristles, some being in a row along dorsal
surface, a row beneath this, and a row near ventral surface distad of the long
bristle nearer base, as well as other scattered ones; fore tibia with 1 long bristle
on outer side, distad of middle and well below dorsal margin.

Abdomen with distinct, somewhat wavy, transverse, anastomosing lines
(those on tergum X faint), of which one near base is much stronger; base of
dorsolateral bristle on tergum X surrounded by a circular area about two and
one-half times the diameter of point of insertion of other setae; bristles on lateral
margins of terga II-VI very similarly arranged; on III, a pair on extreme
lateral margin, one in front of and one back of the middle of the segment,
between them but slightly more mesad the longest of the group and opposite
the most caudad bristle and about 8 » removed a fourth bristle.

Measurements (in microns, mostly from holotype): Head, length from front
of eye 104, width across eyes 120, width just back of eyes 106, greatest width
across cheeks 110; prothorax, median length 141, width anteriorly 129, greatest
width 168, width including coxae 226; pterothorax, greatest width 204; wing,
length 664, width at middle 36. Bristles, interocellar, 88, postocular 36, an-
terior angular 25, posterior angular 70, midlateral 76, outer posterior marginal
22; lateral on mesoscutum 56; longest lateromarginal on tergum III 38; on
middle of fore vein 40; on tergum IX, median 76, dorsolateral 188, lateral 200,
ventrolateral 180; on tergum X, median 160, dorsolateral 172, lateral 160.

Antennae: 1 2 3 + 5 6 7 8
Length, Rey Xe. See OY eI ie cS te
Width, SO SO ma ne2Oe saliGy AiS “WIS:

Male unknown.

2 Visible portion only.

154 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 7, OCT., 1942

Type locality—Nova Teutonia, Santa Catharine, Brazil.

Type.—Catalog No. 56447, United States National Museum.

Described from eight specimens taken on dead branches by
Fritz Plaumann in 1941, one in May, two in June, and five in
July (including holotype).

A very distinct species, differing especially in the greatly
elongated antennal segments and in the development of a
second pair of long prothoracic bristles.

Actual date of publication, October 31, 1942.

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VOL. 44 NOVEMBER, 1942 No. 8

NOTES ON SOME WEST INDIAN FLATIDAE.

By R. G. Fennau,
Entomologist, Food-crop Pests Investigation, Windward and Leeward Islands.

Stal described the genus Ormenis as having two more or less
curved and regular rows of transverse venules towards the
apex of the corium, distinct ocelli, and two spines before the
apex on the posterior tibiae, and separated from it another
genus Pefrusa as having only one postibial spine. In view of
the inconstancy of the recorded points of difference the status
of Petrusa has been held in doubt, and the single species of this
genus has in recent years been provisionally treated as belonging
to Orments.

The writer has dealt with certain Lesser Antillean Flatids in
an earlier paper (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. Vol. 43, No. 9), all of
which were then referred to Orments (s. /.). On the basis of
more extensive data he now considers that certain of these
species, together with others described below, must be assigned
to distinct genera. The genus Petrusa is quite distinct from
Ormenis and is redefined below. Ormentis contaminata Uhler
and its allies form a very compact genus, as also do Ormenis
septempunctata Kennah and two new species described below.

Among females of species falling under Ormenis and Petrusa
there are two types of ovipositor. In one the lateral styles
(3rd valvulae) are broad, strong, and beset with tooth-like
processes directed inwards. In all cases so far observed females
with this type of ovipositor insert the eggs to a greater or less
extent in the substratum, which is normally the outer-most
tissues of a leaf or soft stem. In the other type the lateral
styles are very much reduced, being narrow, bluntly pointed or
rounded at the apex, and entirely devoid of tooth-like processes.
Species with this type of ovipositor do not insert the eggs, but
lay them upon the substratum which may be as above or of a
woody texture.

The relative size of the anal segment of the female is ap-
parently correlated with the quantity of waxy secretion which
is deposited over or along with the eggs at the time of oviposi-
tion, as chis substance is supported on the lower surface of the

156 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 8, NOV., 1942

segment. The amount of secretion is not closely correlated
with the type of ovipositor, and on present data appears to be
fairly constant among the species of each genus. The colour
of this secretion is usually white, but in a few cases is brown.

The shape of the egg is variable and in its most elaborate
forms offers a reliable means of distinguishing genera. The
significance of some of the structures observed is very imper-
fectly understood. The eggs of O, contaminata and its allies
are thick-walled and possess a well-marked operculum. They
are not covered with waxy filaments but are merely sprinkled
thinly with short greyish spicules. By contrast the eggs of O.
septempunctata are thin-walled, not operculate, and when laid
are covered with a thick layer of white waxy filaments matted
together.

Instars of various species of the same genus have so far
proved difficult to distinguish. Pigmentary differences are
occasionally striking but are unreliable. As yet no careful
search has been made by the writer for criteria by which genera
can be distinguished in the immature stages but it is already
clear that characters likely to be of value exist in the colour,
shape and distribution of the various plates, flocculi or spicules
formed by the epidermal secretion.

In the generic definitions given below stress is laid on the
above characters, though it is recognized that in practice most
workers are likely to have access only to those provided by the
anal segment and the ovipositor. The step is taken partly to
justify the erection of new genera and partly to indicate a
promising means of testing some of the questionable groupings
which, for want of better, workers at present must provisionally
accept.

PETRUSA Stal.

Genotype, Cicada marginata Brunnich, 1767, in Linné Syst. Nat.,i (2) p. 710,
Stal, Hemipt. Fab. ii, p. 111.

Frons at widest part as broad as long, or very slightly broader, median
carina distinct on basal two-thirds, obsolete on apical third, lateral carinae
obsolete or indicated at base, lateral margins carinate; no carinae on clypeus;
vertex very short; width of head (with eyes) equal to width of thorax. Prono-
tum with anterior margin convex, posterior margin concave; mesonotum
without carinae or median cane indicated at apex. Hind tibia with one
spine before apex. Tegmen 2.2 times longer than width at middle. Costal
area about as wide as costal cell, granulate; Sc strong, simple to apex, R forking
one-quarter from base, M forking about same level as R fork, Cu forking slightly
basad of M fork. Base of R and M granulate. Nodal line parallel to apical
margin of tegmen marked anteriorly by transverse veins and for most of length
by an arcuate furrow. Apical line even and distinct. Anterior and posterior —
angles smoothly rounded, apical margin shallowly rounded.

Anal segment of male deflexed about 45 degrees in apical half, with lateral

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 8, NOV., 1942 157

margins produced downward into a point two-thirds from base; no median
lobe ventrally. Genital styles with dorsal margin entire. Female anal seg-
ment long, rather more than three times as long as lateral styles of Ovipositor.
Lateral styles short, ovoid in side view, and devoid of tooth-like processes on
posterior margin. Egg ovoid, approximately 2.2 times longer than wide, not
operculate. Eggs not inserted, but laid in a low mound ovate in outline,
densely covered with a felt of small white spicules. Epidermal secretion of
instars white.

Petrusina Melichar is a synonymy, having been erected to
contain the dark form of the type species. Petrusa was erected
to contain Cicada pygmaea Fabr. (1794, Ent. Syst. iv, p. 30),
which is the pale form of the above.

ANTILLORMENIS, n. gen.
Genotype Ormenis contaminata Uhler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1895, p. 71.

Frons broader than long (about 1.4 to 1), median carina distinct on basal
half, absent from apical half, lateral carinae indicated at base or absent, lateral
margins Carinate; no carinae on clypeus; vertex very short; width of head,
with eyes, equal to width of thorax. Pronotum with a shallow depression on
each side of middle line; mesonotum without carinae, or with median carina
indicated at base and apex, lateral carinae at base. Hind tibia with two spines
before apex. Tegmen 2.4 times longer than width at middle, costal margin
narrower than costal cell near base, twice as wide in middle; costal area granu-
late, Sc strong, simple to apex, R forking about one-third from base of tegmen,
M forking basad of R fork, Cu forking about level with M fork. Base of R
and M granulate. Nodal line very feebly indicated by irregular cross-veins
and an elongated depression along a curved line from node to apex of clavus;
apical line fairly even and distinct. Clavus strongly granulate in basal two-
thirds.

Anal segment of male strongly and abruptly deflexed in apical half, with a
median ridge or lobe towards base on ventral surface; genital styles deep with
an excavation near apex on dorsal margin; process of style a rather blunt peg,
often twisted at tip. Anal segment of female very short, bluntly rounded in
dorsal view, less than twice as long as lateral styles of ovipositor. Lateral
styles short, small, somewhat ovate in side view, devoid of tooth-like processes
on margin. Egg rectangular, pyramidally pointed at one end, with thick walls,
operculate. Eggs not inserted, but laid on substratum in two interlocked
rows with pointed ends directed inward, one layer in depth, very lightly
sprinkled with short greyish-white spicules. Epidermal secretion of instars
white.

This genus includes 4. albicostalis Fen., 4. palicoureae Fen.,
A. barbadensis Fen., A. sanctaliciensis Fen., A. grenadensis
Fen., in addition to the genotype 4. contaminate Uhler. To it
are added below the following new species: 4. flaviclavata,
A. cachibonae and A, sancti-vincentt.

158 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 8, NOV., 1942

Antillormensis flaviclavata, n. sp.

Male. Length, 5.7 mm.; tegmen, 6.1 mm. Female. Length, 6.1 mm.; teg-
men, 6.6 mm.

Pronotum pale clouded yellow, mesonotum very pale, sometimes clouded
fuscous, yellow-orange laterally; frons very pale, slightly darker along the line
of the lateral carinae; clypeus, genae and antennae very pale yellow, eyes
red, sometimes darker in anterior half. Fore and middle legs testaceous, hind
legs paler. Abdominal tergites pale yellow, sometimes fuscous, sternites
pale yellow or whitish, pregenital plate, female genitalia, anal segment of male
and female pale fuscous, male genitalia dark. Tegmina pale tawny, smoky at
apical margins, or sometimes beyond middle, with veins pale; a broad very dark
band overlying C at its base and lying between Sc and R to apex. Veins distad
of apical line fuscous. Wings very pale, veins concolorous, or somewhat
smoky, veins fuscous. Insects in life powdered pale fawn.

Anal segment of male with a short median ventral process; deflexed part of
segment only slightly shorter than horizontal part. Aedeagus with a pair of
dorsal apical spines half as long as aedeagus, and ventrally a pair of curved
processes, short, and turned outwards in a minute hook at tip.

Described from 65 males and 77 females collected by the
writer near Goodwill Estate, Dominica, B. W. I. (May 9,
1941), on Coccoloba uvifera. Type material deposited in the
United States National Museum. This species superficially
resembles 4. cachibonae, A. albicostalis, A. sanctaliciensis, and
A. barbadensis. \t is readily separated from all by the absence
of a fuscous area on the basal half of the clavus (the darkest
specimens have only a suggestion of this), and by the shape of
the ventrolateral process of the aedeagus, which is closest to
that of sanctaliciensis but not so marked twisted on its axis,
while the hooked tip is smaller. It is further distinguished from
sanctaliciensis by its pale clypeus, frons, pro- and mesonotum.

Antillormenis cachibonae, n. sp.

Male. Length, 5.6 mm.; tegmen, 6.3 mm. Female. Length, 5.8 mm.; teg-
men, 6.7 mm.

Pronotum pale fuscous, mesonotum fuscous darker basally and laterally
with a paler line on each side of middle; frons pale yellow, slightly clouded
with fuscous; clypeus pale, a dark curved line near each side, genae pale yellow,
antennae light fuscous, eyes red. Legs pale testaceous, apex of hind femur
and base of hind tibia, darker; abdominal tergites and genitalia fuscous,
sternites slightly paler. Tegmina pale yellow, darkening into fuscous distad of
middle; costal area pale, a very dark fuscous band overlying costal at base and
lying between Sc and R to apex, clavus fuscous basally. Wings smoky, veins
dark. Insect in life powdered fawn.

Anal segment of male with median ventral process, slightly recurved, de
flexed part of segment nearly as long as horizontal. Aedeagus with a pair of

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 8, NOV., 1942 159

spines dorsally at apex directed anteriorly for nearly two-thirds length of
aedeagus, and ventrally with a pair of stouter processes curving anteriorly and
upwards, somewhat angularly curved outwards when viewed from ventral
aspect.

Described from 12 males and 9 females collected near the
mouth of the Melville Hall or Cachibona River, Dominica,
B. W.1., by the writer (June 18, 1941) on Coccoloba uvifera.
Type material deposited in the U. S. N. M. This species is
close to 4. albicostalis, but differs in having the tegmina usually
pale, not dark. The ventral processes of the aedeagus of
cachibonae when viewed from the ventral aspect are rather
angularly curved, while in a/bicostalis they are smoothly curved.
The posterior margin of the plate lying between these processes
is sinuate in a/bicostalis, saw-toothed 1n cachibonae. The basad
side of the excavation near the apex of the dorsal margin of the
male genital style is straight in cachibonae, while in albicostalis
it forms a curve steepening as it descends. In the female the
notch in the pregenital plate is wider than in cachibonae, and
the distal margin of the plate is much less sinuate.

Antillormenis sancti-vincenti, n. sp.

Male. Length, 6.5 mm.; tegmen, 7.2 mm. Female. Length, 6.8 mm.; teg-
men, 7.8 mm.

Dark form: pronotum tawny, margined narrowly with fuscous; mesonotum
ferruginous, a dark spot laterally, basal margin and scutellum very dark;
frons tawny, darker near lateral margins; clypeus tawny, a pale band on each
side of middle line; genae and antennae pale, eyes very pale grey. Legs fuscous
yellow, abdominal tergites and sternites fuscous, paler laterally; female geni-
talia fuscous yellow, male genitalia dark. Tegmina tawny ferruginous, base of
costa, middle of Sc, and apical part of R clouded fuscous, the tegmen dark
fuscous distad of a line between apex of costal area and middle of claval suture,
nodal line transparent in middle; clavus fuscous. Sometimes the whole teg-
men is dark fuscous except for the ferruginous costal area (including a small
area behind its tip) and a quadrangular area just basad of middle of tegmen.
Wings smoky, veins dark. Insect in life powdered a leaden hue.

Pale forms: insect wholly pale yellow except for the eyes, which are purple,
and the membrane of the tegmen distad of the apical line, which is dark fuscous.
Insect in life powdered whitish.

Anal segment of male with a large median ventral process, over half as long
as deflexed apical part of segment, and with a median lobe on its basal side;
apical part scoop-shaped. Deflexed apical part of segment slightly shorter
than horizontal part. Aedeagus with a pair of slender processes on dorsal
margin directed anteriorly for two-thirds of its length; ventrally a pair of hook-
like processes sweeping anteriorly outwards and upwards and then curving
posteriorly. Ventral distad margin of periandrium shallowly excavated, pointed
at each side.

160 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 8, NOV., 1942

Described from 26 males and 31 females collected by the
writer in St. Vincent, B. W. I., in the following localities—
Morne Garu, at 1,500 ft. (Aug. 20, 1941), Three Rivers, be-
tween 300 and 2,000 ft. (Sept. 3, 1941), and Mt. St. Andrews,
at 2,000 ft. (Sept. 12, 1941). The insects were taken in forest
on Heliconia bihai, banana, Inga laurina, cacao, mango, and
Tabernaemontana sp. Type material deposited in U.S. N. M.
This species superficially is not unlike 4. contaminate Uhler,
which also occurs in St. Vincent. It differs in detail, however,
being larger, and having the dark areas of the tegmen sharply
defined; other differences include the shape of the ventral
process of the male anal segment, that of the ventral aedeagal
process, of the apical border of the periandrium, and of the
apical process of the genital styles. In the female the notch
in the posterior margin of the pregenital plate is broader and
more shallow than that of 4. contaminata. A. santi-vincenti
is a forest dweller and has not been taken in the coastal area,
while 4. contaminata, though found on the outskirts of rain
forest (usually on Cordia sp.), occurs typically in the drier

Zones.
ILESIA, n. gen.

Genotype Ormenis septempunctata Fennah, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 43, No. 9, p*
196.

Frons broader than long (1.4 or 1.5 to 1), median carina distinct on basal
two-thirds, absent from apical third, though sometimes indicated at apex,
lateral carinae scarcely indicated at base, otherwise absent, lateral margins
carinate; no carinae on clypeus; vertex very short; width of head, with eyes,
equal to width of thorax. Pronotum with a slight depression anteriorly on
each side of middle line; mesonotum without carinae, or median carina slightly
indicated at apex, lateral carinae at base. Hind tibia with two spines before
apex. Tegmen 2.5 times longer than width at middle, costal margin as wide
as costal cell near base, twice as wide in middle; costal area granulate, Sc
simple to apex, R forking about one-third from base of tegmen, M forking
about same level, Cu forking slightly basad of former two, base of R and M
granulate. Nodal line fairly distinct, marked anteriorly by irregular cross-
veins, posteriorly by an elongated depression from near node to apex of clavus;
apical line fairly even and distinct. Anterior apical angle of tegmen smoothly
rounded, slightly acute, posterior angle more abruptly rounded and slightly
obtuse; apical margin obliquely truncate, slightly rounded.

Anal segment of male not strongly and abruptly deflexed in apical half,
and devoid of ventral ridge or process. Genital styles with dorsal margin
entire, apical process in form of an inwardly curved plate with a broadly
sinuate margin ending basad in a short point directed outward, distad in a
broad point directed posteriorly. Anal segment of female very long, about
three times as long as lateral styles of ovipositor. Lateral styles small, fusiform
in side view, devoid of tooth-like apical processes. Egg ovoid, approximately
2.5 times as long as broad, not operculate. Eggs not inserted, but laid in a

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 8, NOV., 1942 161

low mound ovate in outline, densely covered with a matted layer of small
white spicules. Epidermal secretion of instars white.

Ilesia anguillana, n. sp.

Male. Length, 4.0 mm.; tegmen, 4.8 mm. Female. Length, 5.2 mm.; teg-
men, 5.6 mm.

Pronotum testaceous, fuscous basally; mesonotum ferruginous with two or
three fuscous spots on basal margin on each side of middle line; frons, clypeus,
and genae testaceous, antennae pale with black sensory pits, eyes orange,
with a black spot bordered white antero-dorsally. Legs testaceous; abdominal
tergites, anal segment and male genitalia fuscous, sternites, pygofer, and
female genitalia paler. Tegmina testaceous, costal area and apical half of
tegmen fuscous, veins pale, clavus sometimes fuscous. A fuscous elongated
spot at base of costal vein, a small spot near junction of R and M, a large
trapezoidal spot just distad of Cu fork, a small spot on clavus at apex. Wings
smoky, veins dark. Insect in life powdered pale brown.

Anal segment of male devoid of ventral process; deflexed part of segment
one-third length of horizontal part. Aedeagus with a pair of complex processes
laterally, each consisting of a thin spine curved posteriorly, then upwards,
anteriorly and outwards; attached to this a bifurcate spine below, directed
anteriorly, the longer arm being half as long as aedeagus, the shorter one-fifth
the length of the longer; a pair of minute blunt processes ventrally one-quarter
from base of aedeagus. Anal segment of female 1.1 mm. long.

Described from 5 males and 6 females collected in Anguilla,
B. W. I., by F. S. Delisle, Esq. (April 23, 1941) on Coccoloba
uvifera. ‘Type material deposited in the U. S. N. M. This
species is allied to J. septempunctata, but differs in the male
genitalia and in the pattern of spots on the tegmen. A long
series of this species has more recently been taken by the writer
in Nevis, B. W. I. (Jan. 14-20, 1942).

Ilesia benevolens, n. sp.

Male. Length, 5.6 mm.; tegmen, 6.0 mm. Female. Length, 5.9 mm.; teg-
men, 6.4 mm.

Pronotum pale testaceous; mesonotum somewhat ferruginous, a pair of
fuscous spots basally on each side of middle line, the outer large and triangular,
the inner small and round. Frons, clypeus, and genae light yellow or yellowish-
brown, antennae somewhat paler, eyes orange-red, a black spot bordered
white antero-dorsally. Legs pale yellow to yellowish-brown. Abdominal
tergites, male genitalia, and female anal segment fuscous, sternites and female
genitalia very pale, but sometimes dull mottled brown bordered with orange.
Tegimina dull stramineous, sometimes fuscous. Costal area fuscous at base,
pale apically, basal half of tegmen usually pale, distal half fuscous, slightly
paler beyond apical line, junction of R and M thinly clouded with fuscous, a
small dark spot basad of this junction, a larger trapezoidal spot on Cu pos-
terior to R and M junction, a still larger round spot on Cu posterior to M fork,

162 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 8, NOV., 1942

a small spot on clavus at apex, clavus fuscous basally posterior to anal vein.
Wings, smoky, veins dark. Insect in life powdered pale fawn.

Anal segment of male devoid of ventral processes; deflexed part of segment
only one-quarter of length of horizontal part. Aedeagus with a pair of spines
just basad of apex directed ventrally and posteriorly; arising at the same level
a pair of shallowly curved slender spines directed anteriorly below aedeagus
for three-quarters of its length; a small process laterally, directed outwards.
Anal segment of female long (1.5 mm.).

Described from 35 males and 48 females collected by the
writer near Goodwill Estate, Dominica, B. W. I. (May 9,
1941), on Coccoloba uvifera. Type material deposited in U. S.
N.M. This species differs from J. septempunctata in the shape
of the spots on the tegmina, in the mode of forking of the veins
distad of the apical line, and in having longer tegmina. The
female has a longer telson on the anal segment, a narrower
sclerotised strip behind the anal opening, ‘longer genital styles,
and a differently shaped apical margin on the pregenital plate.
The male differs from that of septempunctata in the shape of
the anal segment, in the direction in which the shorter aedeagal
spine projects, and in the shape of the long shallowly curved
aedeagal process. The writer assigns to this species a male and
a female collected by him in St. Lucia, B. W. I. (March 21
and April 28, 1941), on Tabernaemontana sp. The notcheim
the pregenital plate of the female is a little wider than in the
Dominican material, but otherwise the specimens agree per-
fectly.

ORMENIS Stal.

1862 Stl, Bidrag till Rio Janeiro-Traktens Hemipter-Fauna, II, p. 68.

Ormenis jamaicensis, n. sp.

Male. Length, 5.2 mm.; tegmen, 6.3 mm. Female. Length, 6.2 mm.; teg-
men, 7.2 mm.

Frons broader than long (1.3 to 1), median carina distinct on basal two-
thirds, absent from apical third, lateral carinae indicated at base, lateral
margins Carinate; no carinae on clypeus. Vertex short; width of head (with
eyes) equal to width of thorax; pronotum smooth, a shallow depression on each
side anteriorly; mesonotum with median carina scarcely indicated at base and
apex, lateral carinae at base. Hind tibia with two spines before apex. Costal
area slightly granulate, Sc strong, simple to apex, R forking less than one-third
from base of tegmen, M forking slightly basad of R fork, Cu forking about
level with M fork. Base of R and M granulate. Nodal line parallel to apical
margin, scarcely indicated by a series of cross-veins more or less in line from
node to near apex of clavus; apical line somewhat uneven but distinct; one or
two rows of small irregular cells between the apical line and the even apical
cells. Apical margin of tegmen straight, joining posterior margin in a clean-
cut right angle. Basal two-thirds of clavus strongly granulate.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 8, NOV., 1942 163

Head, thorax, legs, abdomen and tegmina uniformly pale green, parts of
genitalia fuscous. Eyes purple. Wings transparent, veins stramineous. In-
sect in life powdered greenish white.

Anal segment of male with deflexed apical part nearly twice as long as
horizontal part. Arising from the ventral middle line below the anal style,
and deepening anteriorly, a vertical plate, terminated by a transparent, flat,
subquadrangular lobe directed posteriorly. Aedeagus with a pair of short,
stout spines apically on dorsal border; posterior to these a pair of thin filaments,
somewhat angularly curved in side view, arising from side of periandrium
and directed upwards to same height as dorsal spines. A pair of long processes
ventro-laterally, each arising at the base of the thin periandrial filaments and
directed anteriorly below the aedeagus for two-thirds of its length. Ventral
border of periandrium (a keel-like plate) terminating posteriorly in a point.
Genital styles with an elevation on dorsal border near apex, posterior to this a
slight excavation; apical process a rather thin spine, smoothly curved back-
ward, then upward and slightly forward.

Anal segment of female short, bluntly rounded, genital styles large and
stout, toothed along posterior margin; ovipositor short. Egg narrowly oval,
a long narrow operculum near one pole, in side view slightly pointed at one end,

shell rather thick.

Described from 18 males and 22 females collected by the
writer near Hope Gardens, Jamaica (Nov. 1-3, 1940), on
Lantana sp., and “Jasmine.” Type material in U. S. N. M.,
paratypes in British Museum. Writing of two specimens
which were submitted to him for examination, Mr. W. E.
China has indicated that they are close to Ormenis herbida
WIk., but differ in structural details of the aedeagus and of the
anal tube. This species, according to Melichar’s key, would
fall under the oriental genus Geisha Kirk., but differs from it
in the structure of the head and in the type of the genitalia.
It is here provisionally placed in Orments sens. lat. as it does
not appear to be congeneric with any of the more recent sub-
divisions of this old genus.

Ormenis perpusillus Walker.
Poeciloptera perpusilla Walk. List of Homopt., I, p. 467, 61 (1851).

The following are the principal characters of this species.

Tegmen with apical areoles evenly spaced, apical line even and distinct;
subapical areoles evenly developed, but bounded irregularly at base, the nodal
line being obscure. Hind tibia with two spines before apex.

Head, thorax, abdomen, legs and tegmina uniformly pale green, wings
transparent, genitalia greenish-brown. Insect in life powdered greenish-white.

Anal segment of male with apex scarcely deflexed. Aedeagus with two pairs
of thin spinose processes on dorsal border at apex, directed anteriorly. The
anterior pair extends forward for two-thirds the length of the aedeagus, while
the posterior pair is about one-third the length of the anterior. Laterally a

164 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 43, NO. 8, NOV., 1942

pair of processes on each side, the basal process thin, blade-like, rounded at
apex, directed downward and forward; distal process thicker, sickle-shaped,
terminating in a point, directed downward and forward. Genital styles with
upper and lower borders parallel, apical process on dorsal border a vertical
narrow lamina twisted inwards; posterior margin of style almost semicircular
in side view.

Anal segment of female slightly longer than lateral styles, rather narrow.
Lateral styles stout, tapering slightly toward apex; posterior margin with four
strong tooth-like processes. Ovipositor relatively long, directed backward
and upward.

The material in the writer’s collection consists of one male
and one female and two specimens with abdomen missing,
collected in Jamaica, B. W. 1., by A. H. Ritchie (May 23-26,
1917) on coffee. The figure of the male genitalia has been
redrawn from a drawing submitted to Mr. W. E. China, and
kindly compared by him with the dissected genitalia of the
British Museum type. Melichar includes Venezuela, Bogota,
Guadeloupe and Martinique in the distribution of this species,
but it is most probable that the insect is confined to Jamaica.

EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
Plate 15.

. anguillana, male genitalia.

. anguillana, egg.
. anguillana, female genitalia.

. benevolens, male genitalia.
. benevolens, dorsal outline of male anal segment.
. Septempunctata, dorsal outline of male anal segment (for comparison).
. anguillana, median notch on posterior margin of female pregenital
sternite.
8. I. septempunctata, median notch on posterior margin of female pregenital
sternite (for comparison).
9. I. benevolens, median notch on posterior margin of female pregenital sternite
(for comparison).
10. I. benevolens, telson and ante-anal sclerite of female anal segment.
11. I. septempunctate, telson and ante-anal sclerite of female anal segment (for
comparison).
A. cachibonae, male genitalia.
13. A. cachibonae, ventral view of hooks and posterior margin of periandrium.
14. 4. albicostalis, ventral view of hooks and posterior margin of periandrium
(for comparison).

SN BIR) ie
NAN RN ON

13. 4. albicostalis, ventral view of hooks and posterior margin of periandrium
(for comparison).

15. A. cachibonae, one of paired apical processes of periandrium.

16. A. albicostalis, one of paired apical processes of periandrium (for com-

parison).

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 8, NOV., 1942 165

17. A. albicostalis, basad side of subapical excavation on dorsal border of male

genital style (for comparison).

18. 4. cachibonae, basad side of subapical excavation on dorsal border of male

genital style, (for comparison).

19. A. cachibonea, female genitalia.
Egg of 4. cachibonea, A. flaviclavata, and A. sancti-vincenti.

20.
21s
9).

23:
24.
Phy.
26.

PAT
28.
29,
30.

Sil

Zak
A.

BA A A A RRR

rm!
nO!
. Diagram showing relationship of the species of J/esia.
. O. jamaicensis, male genitalia.

. O. jamaicensis, posterior margin of periandrium.

. O. jamaicensis, female genitalia.

. O. jamaicensis, egg, (a) front view, (b) side view.

a SS

flaviclavata, one of paired apical processes of periandrium.
sanctaliciensis, one of paired apical processes of periandrium (for com-
parison).

. sancti-vincenti, female genitalia.
. flaviclavata, male genitalia.
. flaviclavata, ventral view of hooks and posterior margin of periandrium.

sanctaliciensis, ventral view of hooks and posterior margin of periandrium
(for comparison).
sanctaliciensis, apical process of male genital style for comparison with 24.

. flaviclavata, female genitalia.

sancti-vincenti, male genitalia.
contaminata, ventral view of posterior margin of periandrium (for
comparison).

. sancti-vincenti, ventral view of posterior margin of periandrium (for

comparison).

Plate 16.

. albicostalis (a) side view of female pregenital sternite;

(b) median notch on posterior margin of female pregenital

sternite.
sanctaliciensis (a), (b) as preceding.
cachibonae (a), (b) as preceding.

flaviclavata (a), (b) as preceding.
grenadensis (a), (b) as preceding.
contaminata (a), (b) as preceding.
palicoureae (a), (b) as preceding.
sancti-vincenti (a), (b) as preceding.
barbadensis (a), (b) as preceding.
perpusillus, male genitalia.
perpusillus, female genitalia.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL, 44

PLATE 15

[166]

PLATE 16

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44

[ 167]

168 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 8, NOV., 1942

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF GONIOZUS FROM
OREGON (HYMENOPTERA : BETHYLIDAE).

By Rosert M. Fouts,
U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine.

During the course of investigations on insects affecting
filberts in the western part of the United States several speci-
mens of a new species of Goniozus were reared from the galls of
Cynips maculipennis Gillette on oak. Preparation of a paper
on the parasites of Melissopus latiferreanus (Wlsm.), among
which this species is considered, makes it desirable that a name
be assigned to it.

Goniozus gallicola, new species.

Female.—Length 3.3 mm. Head as wide as the thorax, one and one-fourth
times as long as wide, truncated behind, the lateral angles rounded, moderately
pubescent as are also the thorax and abdomen; eyes as long as the head behind
them; clypeus with a sharp keel which extends back on the frons nearly as far
as the eye; frons, pronotum, mesonotum, and scutellum with strong impressed
reticulation, sparsely covered with shallow setigerous punctures several times
their diameters distant from one another; genae similarly sculptured below
and along the eyes, polished and impunctate medially and above; interocellar
area closely and finely impressed reticulate; occiput finely reticulate; scape
about twice as long as wide, flattened, much wider than any of the flagellar
joints; pedicel 11% times as long as thick, a little thicker and longer than the
third joint; following joints gradually thickening to middle of antennae and
then just as gradually diminishing in thickness to tip, all of them distinctly,
but only slightly (except the last one), longer than thick; last joint a little over
twice as long as thick, pointed at tip; thorax 1.7 times as long as wide; scutellum
very slightly convex, with several large shallow punctures laterally; propodeum
smoothly convex above, the superior face without sculpture medially, with a
distinct but inconspicuous dorso-lateral ridge on each side from base to apex;
except for the broad median polished area the superior face is reticulate, the
fine raised lines having a lateral trend; the lateral face of the propodeum is
irregularly reticulate, the lines having a longitudinal trend; inferior face of
propodeum irregularly reticulate, the areas large; branch of basal vein straight,
about as long as the upper abscissa of the basal vein; radius curved sharply
upward at apex, distant by about its own length from the apex of the wing;
abdomen 1.3 times as long as the thorax, depressed, sharply pointed at apex;
black; tip of scape and basal half of flagellum bright yellowish-brown to reddish-
brown; rest of antennae dark brown; tarsi and tips of tibiae brownish; venation
very dark brown, the median, basal, and radial veins paler.

Type locality —Dundee, Oreg.
Other locality —Eugene, Oreg.
Type.—Cat. No. 56364, United States National Museum.

Six female specimens reared from galls of Cynips maculipennts

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 8, NOV., 1942 169

Gillette collected by S. M. Dohanian from leaves of Quercus
garryana. The Dundee material was collected on August 14,
1940, and three dead specimens of G. ga/llicola were found in the
retaining jars under the galls on May 9, 1941. The Eugene
galls were collected on August 14, 1941, and three specimens of
G. gallicola emerged from them on August 26 and 28 of the
same year.

It seems probable, although positive evidence is lacking,
that the wasps are parasitic on Me/issopus latiferreanus (Wlsm.).
All the galls from Dundee were broken open as soon as the
specimens of the parasite were discovered and found to be
heavily infested by Me/issopus and by nothing else.

This species differs from /onginervis Fouts in having the eyes
about as long as the head behind (above) them and from
clarimontis Kieffer in having all antennal joints longer than
thick.

A REVISION OF THE GENUS TWININGIA IN AMERICA NORTH
OF MEXICO (HOMOPTERA-CICADELLIDAE).

By R. H. Beamer.!

The genus Twiningia was erected by E. D. Ball (Bul.
Brook. Ent. Soc. p. 93, 1931), to include a group of species
formerly described in Scaphoideus. Scaphoideus blandus Ball
was designated type. This paper treats ten old species and
describes nine new ones.

Ball’s characterization of the genus is as follows: ‘“‘Resem-
bling Mesamia but with a flat, acutely angled vertex, a narrow
face as in Scaphoideus and long narrow elytra with the margins
straight to the eyes. Pronotum slightly convex but little
above the level of the vertex, slightly wider than the eyes but
narrower than the closed elytra. Elytra long and narrow with
the outer anteapical cell usually divided, the second cross
nervure usually present but sometimes obscure. Venation
similar to Mesamia but with less reticulations and numerous
cross nervures to costa at right angles as in Platymetopius
(sensu strictu). Genitalia of one general pattern: the female
segment very broad at base, the lateral margin narrowed on
posterior half, the posterior margin roundingly produced on the
median half with a variable median notch. Male plates long
triangular. Color usually tawny or smoky. Face much nar-
rower than in Mesamia resembling Scaphoideus.”

The females can be divided into two groups of species by the
form of the last ventral segment, one having the posterior

1 Contribution from the Department of Entomology, University of Kansas.

170 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 8, NOV., 1942

margin with a median notch (T. b/anda and related species)
and the other having this segment with a strap-like median
process (T. scrupulosa and others). This might seem to sug-
gest a generic distinction but external appearances and male
genitalia characters will not bear this out.

The genus is western in distribution, occurring in the moun-
tainous regions west of the great plains, The type species T.
blanda, as well as fumida and albacosta occurs on Juniper.
T. bicolor is swept from Adenostoma sparsifolium Varr., T.
tricolor from Arctostaphylos pungens H. B. K., and T. solitaria
from Yucca brevifolia Engelm. Other species have been taken
from Oak, Madrono, and various species of Manzanita.

The genitalia, while characteristic for the genus and helpful
in defining some of the species, are so much alike in others as
to be of little value in specific separation.

Scaphoideus catalinus Ball, placed in this genus by some
authors, belongs in the genus Scaphytopius Ball.

Types of the new species are in the Snow Collection, Uni-
versity of Kansas.

Key To Species oF [TWININGIA.

1. Females with median strap-like projection on last ventral segment;
elytra with cross-bands or ramose pigment lines. 2
Females without such a projection; color more or less solid, some-

times with numerousilighter areolese: =. sees an tesa ee 7
2. Dorsum with three color cross-bands, white, brown, yellow_tricolor (1)
Dorsum without three color cross-bands.-= toes 3
3. Dorsum with light cross-band back of scutellum___._-.--------------2---------------- 4
Dorsum without light cross-band back of scutellum_._..------------- 6
4. Light cross-band narrow and quite definite; pygofer hook more
than half as long as apex of pygofer.._..-...---------------2---------2 fasciata (2)
Light band broader, more or less indefinite due to dark veins in
Ser Dise of vertex, usttall'y. boi ta: se eee cress eee eae eee permista (3)

Disc of vertex with not more than transverse brown spot.scrupulosa (4)
6. Disc of elytra usually with rather small brown spot in contrast to

general gray color__.........- See hos Mes bt WL. Sa ae reducta (5)
Disc of elytra with large brown saddle-shaped area... pulla (6)
7. Most of dorsum dark, vertex and costal margin light_..__.__..bicolor (7)
Mostiofidorsam: not catkess es een ree a8
8. Dorsum dark reddish brown, apices of elytra white... __----------------------- 9
Dorsum lishter-or apices notlight =. 10
Gentine cos talennatesttraels ont eee eae Labs albacosta (8)
Base of costa light remainder to apex dark........................fumida (9)
10. General coloring mottled (to unaided eye); pygofer hooks heavy,
itis ee a iit leet ee eed ee ee Se ere ila!

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 8, Nov., 1942 171

11. General appearance smoky gray; aedeagal shaft very long and
tapering... ee yrandisa (lo)

General appearance eases Me deawan Se petty eNareer, in dorsal
view sides almost parallel, slightly widened at apex. ma/lvastra (11)

12. Vertex with apex distinctly less than a right angle, usually slightly

longer at middle than width between eyes, often with red longi-
GuGlinall stripe sie a eee eee eee a pellucida (12)

Vertex with apex forming a right eet or ane iden between

eyes thanlengtnnat middle? =) 2s Slavik STS Pe) 3 13
13. Vertex margins usually, lined with darker color... 14
Vertex not lined with darker on margins... acuta (13)
14. Dark brown in color, elytra with numerous areoles....... areolata (14)
Lighter in color, elytra with few or normal number of areoles_........- 15
Sar Almost without areoles inely thay. -.22 2.8 17
WWithmatamest onevateole tovaycell © we ee 16
165 Elytra with, vermiculate lines or spots: 2. solitaria (15)
Elytra without vermiculate lines or spots... blanda (16)
17. Dark colored, reddish brown, elytra with normal number of cells
for genust oc. 00 ee a te eee ee ae Ree Oh en a, Seven: RIND 18
Light colored; heavily Podentete SE a a OES reticulata (17)
18. Smaller, usually not over 4.5 mm. in length... rubrafusca (18)
lEarger usually, 5.5) mim-,otaim Ofeee ss 2 a ene magnata (19)

Twiningia tricolor Beamer.
Twiningia tricolor Beamer, R. H., Jour. Kans. Ent. Soc., p. 27, 1939.

This beautiful three colored species is the most striking and easily separable
in the genus. The cross-banding, light on head, dark on pronotum and bases
of elytra, then broad yellow band over most of elytra with dark apices, makes
its identification simple.

Numerous specimens at hand collected from Arctostaphylos
pungens H. B. K

Twiningia fasciata, n. sp.

Resembling T. scrupulosa (Ball), but anterior white cross-band of elytra
narrow and definite and pygofer hook two-thirds as long as width of pygofer.
Length 5—5.5 mm.

Vertex flat; margins straight; apex sharp about a right angle, about one-
fifth wider between eyes than length at middle.

Color: Creamy white with brown markings. Vertex almost solid brown
with median spots; margin usually lined with brown; pronotum flecked with
brown; scutellum with basal angles darker; elytra dark brown made up of
spots and vermiculate markings except narrow white cross-band just back
of apex of scutellum and a semblance of two other light cross-bands, one near
costal plaque and the other in region of cross-veins. Female is creamy on vertex,
face and abdomen, darker on thorax and pygofer; in male face and abdomen
lemon yellow, in male dark on thorax and genital sclerites.

172 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 8, NOV., 1942

Genitalia: Last ventral segment of female slightly longer than preceding,
posterior margin roundingly bilobed, cut in middle more than half way to
base, from this cut projects a strap as long as segment and notched at apex.
Male pygofer more or less rectangular, apex rounded, hook straight about two-
thirds as long as width of pygofer; aedeagus about one-third as wide at base
as length, slightly curved dorsally with pair of processes arising ventrally at
base of shaft, separating from it about mid-way of shaft, tapering to slender
apices, more than twice as long as shaft.

Holotype male, Rochester, Wash., July 22, 1931, R. H.
Beamer. Allotype female, Kalama, Wash., July 4, 1931, R.
H. Beamer, and following paratypes: 3 females, Grants Pass,
Ore., July 12, 1935; 1 male, 2 females, Canyonville, Ore.,
July 12, 1935; 1 male and 1 female, Klamath Falls, Ore.,
July 4, 1935; 2 females, Kerby, Ore:, July 15, 1935; (male
Underwood, Wash., July 9, 1935; 2 males and 1 female, Mt.
Hood, Ore., July 3, 1935; 2 males and 1 male, DuPont, Wash.,
July 5, 1935; 2 males and 1 female, Kalama, Wash., July 4,
1935; 2 males, Siskiyou, N. F., Calif., July 14, 1935; 1 male,
Lucerne, Calif., July 17, 1935; 1 female, Lockwood, Calif.;
1 female, Santa Rosa, Calif., Aug. 16, 1938, R. H. Beamer;
1 male and 1 female, Occidental, Calif., Aug. 16, 1938, L. W.
Hepner; 1 female, same data, R. I. Sailer; 1 male and 2 females,
Santa Rosa, Calif., Aug. 16, 1938, R. I. Sailer; 1 male and 2
females, same data, L. W. Hepner.

Twiningia permista, n. sp.

Resembling T. fasciata, but light band back of scutellum broader and less
definite; pygofer hook very small, median strap of last ventral segment of
female barely surpassing posterior margin. Length 5—5.5 mm.

Vertex flat; margins straight meeting at slightly less than right angle.

Color: Smoky; vertex usually fairly uniformly buff colored; margins lighter,
lined with darker; pronotum mottled; scutellum with basal angles usually
darker; elytra fairly evenly embrowned with ramose pigment lines and spots,
a semblance of a lighter cross-band behind scutellum, tips darker; vertex
with face and abdomen creamy white to bright yellow; thorax and genital
segments dark.

Genitalia: Last ventral segment of female about twice as long as pre-
ceding segment; posterior margin with broadly rounded lobe either side of
strap-like appendage which reaches barely beyond margin of segment, apex of
strap with small notch. Male pygofer more or less triangular with very small
hook on ventral outer point; aedeagus broad, curving dorsally with lateral
processes about twice as long as shaft.

Holotype male and allotype female, and one female para-
type, Boulevard, Calif., July 26, 1938, R. H. Beamer; other

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 8, NOV., 1942 173

paratypes, 2 males and 2 females, Mt. Springs, Calif., July 25,
1938, and mn female, Mint Canyon, Calin a july 7; 1933, Reset:
Beamer.

Twiningia scrupulosa (Ball).
Scaphoideus scrupulosa Ball, E. D., Can. Ent. XXXIV, p. 14, 1902.

Resembling other species of this group, but with the largest light cross- band
and without a hook on the male pygofer.

Vertex flat, very slightly excavated; lateral margins straight, meeting at
slightly less than a right angle.

Color: Creamy white marked with brown; vertex usually light with thin
brown line along margins, and at least an indication of a pair of transverse
spots on disc; elytra brown with rather broad indefinite light band back of
scutellum and other light areas in region of plague and cross-veins. Veins
usually darker.

Genitalia: Last ventral segment of female a little more than twice as long
as preceding segment; lateral margins deeply excavated at outer corners;
posterior margin sharply excised either side of a broad median strap-like
appendage, extending half its length beyond margin and with very small
notch in apex. Male pygofer almost rectangular, hook reduced to a very
small knob on ventral outer corner; aedeagus slightly enlarged at bas2 curved
dorsally with lateral processes scarcely as lonz again as shaft.

Numerous specimens at hand from southern third of Calif.,
many of them swept from Arctostaphylos pungens H. B. K.

Twiningia reducta Ball.
Scaphoideus scrupulosus reductus Ball, E. D. Can. Ent., p. 84, 1909.

Resembling T. scrupulosa, but without light cross-bands and usually with a
more or less rectangular spot on disc of elytra composed of brown dots.

Vertex slightly excavated; margins straight, meeting at slightly less than a
right angle.

Color: Cinereous with dark brown markings; vertex creamy, margins with
thin brown line, disc with large pair of transverse brown, almost black, spots;
pronotum and scutellum mottled; elytra cinereous, veins darker, semblance of
brown saddle mark near middle of clavus, appearing to unaided eye as a brown
spot on disc of elytra.

Genitalia: Last ventral segment of female about twice as long as preceding
segment, lateral angles deeply excavated on outer corner, posterior margin
slightly produced, sharply excised almost half length of segment either side
a median strap-like appendage extending half its length beyond segment,
usually not notched at apex. Male pygofer more or less rectangular, rounded
on outer margin with medium long, slender hook on ventral outer portion;
aedeagus slightly enlarged at base, curved dorsally, lateral processes about
twice as long as shaft.

Specimens at hand from northern California.

174 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 8, NOV., 1942

Twiningia pulla, n. sp.

Resembling 7. reducta (Ball), but more evenly dark brown rather than
cinereous and without the rectangular brown spot on disc of corium. Length
4-5.5 mm.

Vertex flat; lateral margins very slightly curved out, meeting at slightly
more than aright angle, just barely wider between eyes than length at middle.

Color: Cinereous heavily marked with dark brown; vertex with margins
white, thinly lined with brown, pair of small spots at apex either side of median
line, a larger transverse spot on disc, a small pair at anterior corner of each eye,
and an indication of a larger basal pair, brown; pronotum mottled with brown,
scutellum with basal angles darker; elytra quite heavily irrorate with brown
with a few lighter areoles, apices almost black; venter yellow except thorax
and genital segments darker.

Genitalia: Last ventral segment of female almost three times as long as
preceding segment, lateral margins sharply excavated on outer corners, pos-
terior margin sharply incised one-third depth of segment either side a broad
bifid strap appendage projecting about one-third length of segment beyond
margin. Male pygofer bluntly triangular with short sharp hook on ventral
outer point; aedeagus bulbous at base, curving dorsally with lateral processes
about twice length of shaft; styles with apices slightly enlarged, truncate at tips

Holotype male, allotype female, and 1 male and 3 female
paratypes, Lompoc, Calif., Aug. 9, 1938, R. H. Beamer.

Twiningia bicolor (Ball).
Scaphoideus bicolor Ball, E. D., Ent. News, pp. 166, 1909.

Form of T. blanda; very dark brown in color, almost black with head and
costal margins of elytra lemon yellow. Easily distinguished from all other
species by this color.

Genitalia: Last ventral segment of female more than twice as long as pre-
ceding; deeply excavated on lateral margins; posterior margin with middle
third extended with sharp notch in middle either side of which is a short, sharp
tooth. Male pygofer almost rectangular with long, slender hook on outer
ventral corner, often longer than pygofer width. Aedeagus with base rec-
tangular, very large and heavy; shaft short, curved dorsally with pair of short
lateral processes near base of shaft, not more than one-third as long as shaft.

The genitalia of this species would seem to indicate a very close relationship
with Mesamia.

Numerous specimens at hand swept from Adenostema spar-
sifolium Tarr.

Twiningia albacosta, n. sp.

Resembling T. fumida, but with the costal border of elytra white through-
out. Length 44.5 mm.

Vertex flat, slightly concave, margins slightly curved meeting at a little
more than right angle, barely wider between eyes than length at middle.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 8, NOV., 1942 175

Color: Reddish brown except margins of vertex, pronotum, costal margin,
apex of elytra, and usually most of scutellum creamy white. Venter strami-
neous, ovipositor darker.

Genitalia: Last ventral segment of female more than twice as long as pre-
ceding; lateral angles rounded, posterior margin slightly sinuately produced,
roundingly excavated at middle with a small sharp median notch. Male
pygofer triangular with typical Twiningia hook on ventral outer point. Aedea-
gus enlarged on basal half, lateral processes of shaft slender, much longer
than shaft.

Holotype male, allotype female. 13 females and 12 males
paratype, Mountain Springs, California, July 25, 1938, R. H.
Beamer. The collections were made five miles east of Jacumba,
California, from Juniper.

Twiningia fumida (Ball).
Scaphoideus fumidus Ball, E. D., Can. Ent., XX XIII, p. 8, 1901.

Resembling 7. 4/anda, dark reddish brown in color with apex of elytra, and
base of costa, light, usually without areoles.

Genitalia: Almost identical with T. b/anda; processes of aedeagus possibly
slightly longer, and apices of styles more curved.

Specimens at hand swept from Juniper.

Twiningia grandis, n. sp.

Resembling 7. malvastra Ball, but smaller, nearer true gray in color with
vertex much shorter and blunter and shaft of aedeagus more slender and about
half as long again as in that species. Length 5 mm.

Vertex short, flat, not excavated, margin meeting at more than a right angle.

Color: General color cinereous with darker markings often in semblance of
cross-bands; vertex with margin light, bordered with fuscous above and below,
usually a semblance of a darker spot on disc either side of light median line.
Pronotum darker mottled on disc. Elytra with ramose pigment lines and
spots often giving a semblance of cross-banding; recurrent veins to costa and
apex of elytra dark. Venter stramineous with some dark marking.

Genitalia: Last ventral segment of female about asin T. malvastra. Pygofer
more or less triangular with a heavy bifid process on ventral outer point.
Aedeagus in lateral view long and slender, curved dorsally near base with pair
of long slender lateral processes arising near apex of shaft, curving dorsally
for half their length than anteriorly to end almost at base of shaft.

Holotype male, allotype female, 2 male paratypes; Silver
City, New Mexico, July 22, 1936, R. H. Beamer. 1 male
paratype, same data, D. R. Lindsay.

176 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 8, NOV., 1942

Twiningia malvastra, Ball.
Twiningia malvastra Ball, E. D., Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc., p. 94, 1931.

This is one of the larger species of the genus. Superficially it resembles
Platymetopius vittellina or Norvellina mildredae Ball more than it does other
species of this genus.

Genitalia: Male pygofer more or less triangular with strong, bifid hook on
ventral outer point. Aedeagus with short shaft and heavy base, sides of shaft
almost parallel, diverging slightly just at dividing of shaft into two parts,
each of which is as long or longer than shaft, and curves dorsally and apically
to almost meet base of shaft.

Paratypes from Glen Oaks and Granite Dell, Ariz., and
additional specimens from Silver City, New Mexico, at hand
for study.

Twiningia pellucida, (Ball).

Scaphoideus pellucidus Ball, E. D., Can. Ent., XLI, p. 83. 1909.
Playmetopius planus Van Duzee, E. P., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., p. 414, 1925
(New synonymy).

Resembling T. b/anda (Ball), but with a much longer, sharper vertex.
Genitalia: Like that of T. b/anda, but the processes of aedeagus scarcely
reaching the tip of shaft which is often somewhat enlarged.

Numerous specimens from many hosts examined with a lot
of variations in size and color.

Twiningia acuta, n. sp.

Resembling 7. 4/anda, but vertex shorter and sharper; elytra almost free of
areoles except in region of cross-veins, and male aedeagus with base quite
enlarged and process much longer than shaft and projecting at right angles to
it. Length 5-5.5 mm.

Vertex with margins straight, meeting in slightly less than a right angle;
about one-fifth wider between eyes than length at middle.

Color: Almost evenly light brown throughout; margins of vertex light and
sometimes the scutellum. Areoles few, confined usually to area of cross-veins.

Genitalia: Last ventral segment of female about twice as long as preceding,
posterior margin sharply excavated on lateral edges, median third strongly
produced with rounded median notch. Male: basal half of shaft of aedeagus
broad, almost three times as wide as apex, pair of quite slender lateral processes
bend abruptly in at right angles just before apex of shaft, extending away
from shaft almost two-thirds its length. Pygofer almost triangular with hook
on outer ventral point, projecting dorsally and slightly out with outer margins
slightly concave and distinctly serrate.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 8, NOv., 1942 177

Holotype male, Huachuca Mts., Arizona, July 8, 1932, R. H.
Beamer. Allotype female same place, July 18, 1938, L. W.
Hepner; 2 male, and 2 female paratypes, August 22, 1935;
1 female, July 8, 1932, Huachuca Mts., Arizona, R. H. Beamer.
Additional specimens on hand, Silver City, New Mexico, and
Miami, Arizona, R. H. Beamer.

Twiningia areolata, n. sp.

Resembling T. d/anda, but much darker in color with numerous whitish
areoles scattered over elytra and median notch in last ventral segment of
female about one-third as deep as segment.

Vertex flat, slightly concave; margins almost straight, forming about right
angle; width between eyes slightly longer than length at middle.

Color: Dark brown; vertex margins and an indication of median line light;
pronotum with numerous minute flecks of white. Scutellum mottled lighter
and darker brown. Elytra generally darker with numerous small white areoles.
Venter evenly buff colored. .

Genitalia: Last ventral segment of female more than twice as long as
preceding; lateral margins deeply excavated on outer corners; posterior
margin roundingly protruding on median third with deep vase-shaped excision
at middle reaching one-third to base. Pygofer of male more or less triangular
in shape with usual hook on ventral outer point. Aedeagus with shaft broad
throughout, lateral processes reaching tip.

Holotype male, allotype female, 3 males and 2 female para-
types, Arroyo Seco River, California, August 8, 1938, R. H.
Beamer; 1 male and 1 female, Lompoc, California, August 9,
1939, and 1 female, Topango Canyon, California, August 5,
1938, R. H. Beamer, are also paratypes.

Twiningia solitaria Ball.
Twiningia solitaria Ball, E. D., Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc., p. 18, 1936.

Resembling 7. malvastra externally and T. pellucida in genitalia. It may be
separated from the former by processes on aedeagus ending at tip of shaft,
and the latter by notch in last ventral segment of female extending half way
to base.

Genitalia: Last ventral segment of female with straight sided, round bot-
tomed median notch extending half way to base. Pygofer of male almost
rectangular with short stout hook on ventral outer corner; aedeagus of normal
type, slightly curved dorsally, lateral processes ending near apex of shaft.

Four male paratypes and 23 specimens from Joshua trees

near Palmdale, California, P. W. Oman, 1935, have been studied.

178 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 8, NOV., 1942

Twiningia blanda (Ball).
Scaphoideus blandus Ball, E. D., Can. Ent., XX XIII, p. 7, 1901.

Pale buff in color with numerous clear areoles scattered over the elytra about
one to each cell.

Vertex medium in length; wider between eyes than length at middle, margins
meeting at about right angle.

Genitalia: Pygofer rather triangular in shape with a short stout dorsally
directed tooth on the outer ventral point. Aedeagus with shaft widest at
base, curved slightly dorsally and with process arising on either side about one-
third distance from base and extending parallel with shaft to distance beyond
shaft of about shaft’s basal width.

A cotype female from Rifle, Colorado is at hand as well as
numerous specimens of both sexes from Mesa Verda and
Durango, Colorado.

Twiningia reticulata, n. sp.

Resembling 7. pellucida (Ball), but vertex broader with margins arcuate;
color of male lemon yellow, with elytra reticulate veined, and aedeagus with
processes much longer than shaft. Length 5—5.5 mm.

Vertex broad at base and long, slightly longer than width between eyes in
male and about same in female; disc with a semblance of a median longitudinal
sulcus; margins curved out meeting ina rather sharp point. Elytra with more
cross-veins than any species I have seen.

Color: Light buff with some individuals, at least, lemon yellow; margins
of vertex light, margined with darker, also a semblance of a lighter median
longitudinal line on vertex; elytra with very few lighter areoles.

Genitalia: Last ventral segment of female about two and one-half times as
wide as preceding segment; lateral margins excavated at outer corners. Pos-
terior margin roundingly produced on middle third with median round-sided
incision one-fourth as deep as width of segment. Male pygofer triangular
in shape with small semblance of hook on outer ventral corner. Aedeagus
about typical, narrowing on basal third; lateral processes extending beyond
shaft about half its length.

Holotype male, allotype female, and 2 female paratypes,
Red Bluff, California, June 27, 1935, Ree Beamer.

Twiningia rubrafuscea, n. sp.

Resembling 7. areolata, but not so dark and elytra practically without
areoles. Length 4.5 mm.

Vertex flat, slightly excavated; margins straight, meeting in slightly less
than a right angle, somewhat wider between eyes than at middle.

Color: Reddish brown, vertex and pronotum often lighter; areoles in cells
almost lacking.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 8, NOV, 1942 179

Genitalia: Last ventral segment of female twice as long as preceding seg-
ment; lateral margins excavated on outer corners, posterior margin with short
broad lobe on each side and a much stronger median lobe sharply notched at
middle. Male pygofer more or less triangular with a somewhat bifid hook on
ventral outer point. Aedeagus with shaft quite broad, not much more than
twice as long as wide; apex slightly enlarged just before tip; lateral processes
narrow in comparison to width of shaft, extending beyond apex of shaft and
distinctly sinuate where they pass apex of shaft. Apex of styles almost straight.

Holotype male, allotype female, and 1! female paratype,
San Antonio Canyon, California, August 4, 1938, R. I. Sailer.

Twiningia magnata Ball.
Twiningia magnata Ball, E. D., Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc., p. 94, 1931.

This is one of the larger pale brown species, with very few areoles in the
elytra. Length 5.5-6 mm.

Genitalia: Last ventral segment of female more than twice as long as
preceding; lateral angles broadly rounded; posterior margin roundingly pro-
duced medianly, shallowly excavated with two sharp teeth near middle of
excavation. Male pygofer more or less triangular with rather heavy avice-
phaliform process on ventral outer point; aedeagus in dorso-ventral view,
broad, about four times as long as wide, curved dorsally, lateral processes
arising near base, sheath-like, each one about as broad as true shaft, narrowing
beyond basal half, widening again to end in sharp bifid apices beyond apex of

shaft.

One female from Santa Rite Mts., Arizona, and a pair from
Chiricahua Mts., Arizona, compared with type were studied.

A NEW NAME FOR ODONTOMERUS GRAVENHORST, A NEW
SPECIES AND TAXONOMIC NOTES (HYMENOPTERA :
ICHNEUMONIDAE).

By R. A. CusHMman,
Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, U. S. Department of Agriculture.

The receipt of specimens representing a remarkable new
species of the genus heretofore called Odontomerus Gravenhorst
has been che means of bringing to my attention the fact that
the generic name is preoccupied. Accordingly, I propose a
new name for Odontomerus Gravenhorst and describe the new
species. Also, I take this occasion to publish some corrections
to my revision of the North American species.’

1 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 77 (Art. 3): 1-15, 1930.

180 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 8, NOV., 1942

ODONTOCOLON, new name.?

Odontomerus Gravenhorst, Ichneum. Europ. 3: 851, 1829 (pre-
occupied by Odontomerus Leach 1819).
Genotype.—Ichneumon dentipes Gmelin. Autobasic.

Odontocolon polymorphum, new species.

Differs from all other North American species of Odontocolon by its almost
uniform light-brown color and hairy eyes, and from all but dicolor (Cresson)
in lacking the twist to the middle tibia in the female. In its hairy eyes and
nontwisted middle tibia it resembles the European O. quercinus (Thomson).
Includes subapterous forms in both sexes.

Female.—Length 5-7 mm., antenna 4-5.5 mm., ovipositor sheath 5-7 mm.

Fully winged female (holotype) (Fig. A).—Head fully three-fourths as thick
as broad; occiput shallowly concave; temple broader than short diameter of
eye, evenly convex and rounding slightly beyond outside tangent of eye;
malar space nearly as long as basal width of mandible; eye shortly hairy,
nearly twice as long as broad, its lower margin acutely rounded; ocelli slightly
imbedded, diameter of a lateral ocellus less than half as long as ocellocular
line and much shorter than postocellar line; temples, vertex, and frons polished,
vertex and frons sparsely punctate, frons with a median carina; face rugoso-
punctate; clypeus arcuately transversely rugoso-striate; antenna shorter than
body, slender filiform, 28-jointed. Thorax about 2.5 times as long as broad
and as deep as broad, fully as broad as head, flattened dorsally, especially the
disk and lateral lobes of mesoscutum; pronotum rugose, especially in the
scrobes; prescutum only moderately convex, lateral lobes polished, notaulices
rather shallow, bordered by narrow rugulose areas on prescutum and lateral
lobes, disk longitudinally rugose, scutellum rather flat, polished, scarcely
punctate, mesopleuron obsoletely rugulose, striately so in humeral angle,
speculum shining, fovea deep; metapleuron and sides and apical slope of pro-
podeum irregularly rugose, areola and basal area transversely striate, basal
lateral areas punctate; dorsal face of propodeum fully twice as long as petiolar
area, apophyses short. Legs very stout; middle tibia not twisted; hind femur
barely twice as long as deep at tooth, which is short and obtuse with only a weak
crest apicad of it and is situated near middle of femur; hind tarsus rather
slender, subequal in length to tibia, second and apical joints about equal.
Wings rather narrow, forewing reaching to apex of abdomen; basal abscissa of
radius little longer than breadth of stigma, apical abscissa, discocubitus, and
second recurrent nearly straight; nervellus reclivous, upper abscissa perpendic-
ular. Abdomen broader than thorax, first tergite entirely and second mostly
longitudinally striate, third transversely aciculate in middle at base; inter-
mediate tergites subpolished, apical ones finely punctate and with denser,
short, appressed pubescence; ovipositor sheath as long as body.

Light brown, mesoscutum laterally darker brown, abdomen, beyond first

2 From désovs, tooth, and x@dou, leg, in reference to the toothed hind femur.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 8, NOV., 1942 181

tergite, and legs paler; wings subhyaline, venation blackish; ovipositor sheath
tipped with blackish.

Females with vestigial wings (Fig. C).—Like fully winged female except that
thorax is narrower than head; with mesoscutum, especially prescutum, scutellum,
and mesopleura flatter; wings reduced to minute twisted vestiges; tegulae
much reduced.

Brachy pterous females (Fig. B).—Like females with vestigial wings in thoracic
structure except that wings on right side are partly developed and fully veined,
the hind wing virtually normal in size, the forewing in one specimen equal in
length to the hind wing and in the other specimen somewhat shorter, and the
right tegular somewhat larger than the left; frenuum normal, although, because
of the shortness of the fore wing, it can not function.

Male.—Length 4.75-6.0 mm.; antenna 4.5—5.5 mm.

Fully winged male (allotype).—Like female except with eyes and ocelli
slightly larger, malar space shorter, diameter of ocellus as long as postocellar
line and more than half as long as ocellocular line, temple and short diameter
of eye subequal in length; first tergite about three times as long as broad apic-
ally; abdomen darker, especially apical tergites dark brown or margined with
brown.

Male with vestigial wings.—Differs from normal male in same way as the
corresponding female differs from winged female.

Type locality —Seattle, Wash.

Type, allotype, and paratypes—No. 56,436, U. S. National
Museum.

Paratypes—Canadian National Collection.

Fight females and five males reared March 3 and April 11,
1942, from a dead branch of alder infested by anobiids.

The 13 specimens were received recently from the Seattle,
Wash., office of the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quaran-
tine. They were reared during March and April, 1942, from a
dead branch of alder infested by an anobiid beetle. The series
includes 1 fully winged female, 5 females with vestigial wings,
2 females brachypterous on the right side and with vestigial
wings on the left side, 4 fully winged males, and 1 male with
vestigial wings. Accompanying the atrophy of the wings is
great reduction in the thorax, especially of those areas to which
the flight muscles are attached, that is, the mesoscutum and
the mesopleura, and also in the tegulae. Some of the apterous
females and the subapterous male show a slight degree of
atrophy of the ocelli.

Whether the tendency to apterism is inherent in the species
or is due to some special ecological or genetic factor influencing
this particular lot of material is a question that can be answered
only by further rearing. The strange asymmetrical inter-
mediate forms suggest the plausibility of the latter explanation.
On the other hand, the consistent concurrence of thoracic and

182 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 8, NOV., 1942
b] +} ’ ’

alar atrophy, together with the apparent association of the
parasite with a host, colonies of which may persist for long
periods of time, strongly supports the theory that the species
is in the process of becoming apterous.

Odontocolon canadensis (Provancher), new combination.

Odontomerus canadensis Provancher, Nat. Canad. 9: 16, 1877.
Odontomerus tibialis Cushman, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 77 (Art. 3): 11, 1930.
New synonymy.

Since the publication of my revision® | have had an oppor-
tunity to examine the type of canadensis. As pointed out by
Townes‘ in his correction to Gahan and Rohwer’s list of lecto-
types of Provancher’s species, the type female bears no labels,
while the yellow label 426 is on the male.

Comparison of a female specimen from Quebec with the types
of both canadensis and tibialis shows the two to be synonymous.
The type of canadensis is slightly smaller than the specimen
compared with it, but aside from some fading of the legs is
very similar to it.

The above synonymy makes another name necessary for the
species that I treated under the name canadensis Provancher.
Henry K. Townes, who has examined the type of albotibialis
Bradley, tells me that it 1s conspecific with this species. The
following synonymy is therefore indicated.

Odontocolon albotibialis (Bradley), new combination.

Odontomerus albotibialis Bradley, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 13: 103, 1918;
Cushman, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 77 (Art. 3): 14, 1930.

Odontomerus canadensis Provancher; Cushman, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 77 (Art.
3): 13, 1930, not Provancher.

For complete synonymy see the reference above to my pre-
vious treatment of canadensis.

Odontocolon aciculatus, new name.

Odontomerus striatus Cushman, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 77 (Art. 3): 14, 1930.
Preoccupied by O. striatus Brullé, ae Nat. Ins. Hym. 4: 123, 1846.

3Proc. WU. S. Nat. Mus: 77 (Art. 3): 1-15, 1930.
4Canad. Ent. 71:94, 1939:

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 8, NOV., 1942 183

LEGEND FoR FIGURES.

Odontocolon polymorphum Cush., showing comparative thoracic and wing
development in (A) fully winged female, (B) female with partly developed
wings on right side and vestigial wings on left side, and (C) female with all
wings vestigial. Drawings by Arthur D. Cushman.

MINUTES OF THE 529TH REGULAR MEETING OF THE ENTO-
MOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, JUNE 4, 1942.

The 529th regular meeting of the Society was held at 8 p. m., Thursday,
June 4, 1942, in Room 43 of the National Museum. President Cory presided
and 27 members and 4 visitors attended. The minutes of the previous meeting
were read and approved.

J. C. Holton of Memphis, Tennessee, a member of the Bureau of Ento-
mology and Plant Quarantine, was unanimously elected to membership in
the Society.

184 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 8, NOV., 1942 |

R. A. Cushman exhibited two of three cocoons found by J. M. Hollister in
spider webs at Melbourne, Fla. The cocoon makers had emerged, but the
cocoons were identified as those of a species of psammocharid wasp by com-
parison of the larval exuviae from one of them with that of Pseudagenia archi-
tecta (Say). This peculiar habit of a psammocharid wasp parasitizing the
spider prey in the web has been noted only twice before, first by Emery (quoted
by Sharp, Cambridge Natural History, vol. 6, p. 106; original reference not
found) and later by Hartman (“‘Pompilid that does not bury its prey,” in Bull.
Univ. of Texas, No. 65, 1905, p. 54). Hartman did not identify either the
spider or the wasp. In the present instance Mr. Hollister was unable to identify
the spider host, stating merely that the web appeared to him to be more like a
sheet-web than a funnel-web. In structure the cocoons are very peculiar in
that they are covered, except where they were in contact with the web, by
densely set, vertical hair-like strands. Each hair tapers from the base to the
very fine apex, which is frequently hooked. Otherwise the cocoon is composed
of four layers, outside a coarse golden-brown mesh, then a dense finer tangle,
next a very thin dark brown layer and last a slightly thicker somewhat less
dense layer with the inner surface almost polished. How the larva can, from
inside the cocoon, spin the hairs on the outside is perhaps explainable as follows:
As the outer mesh of the cocoon is spun the larva reaches over the edge and
spins the hairs, this process continuing until the final completion of the mesh
at the end of the cocoon, where the larva reaches through the mesh to apply
the final hairs. This note was remarked upon by A. H. Clark.

Cushman also exhibited specimens of an undescribed species of the ichneu-
monid genus Odontomerus. The series includes fully winged and wingless
individuals of both sexes, and females brachypterous on the right side and
wignless on the left. His remarks will appear elsewhere in connection with the
description of the species. Remarks followed by A. H. Clark and M. D. Leonard.

The regular program included three talks by members of the Bureau of
Entomology and Plant Quarantine.

1. A recently introduced beetle Amphimallon majalis (Razoum). A. S.
Hoyt.

The larvae of an European chafer were collected in 1940, near Newark,
N. Y. It was not until 1942, however, that they were identified. It was
realized that a potentially serious pest had become established and surveys
and other investigations were begun immediately by members of the Bureau
of Entomology and Plant Quarantine and by members of the Experiment
Station staff of New York. The larva feeds on the roots of grass principally
and its attacks resemble those of the Japanese beetle larva. The adults appar-
ently do no feeding or at least only a negligible amount. (Secretary’s abstract.)
Remarks followed by Leonard, Cory, Cushman, Muesebeck and Béving.

2. A restudy of the white-fringed beetle. L. L. Buchanan.

(Mr. Muesebeck read some notes prepared by Mr. Buchanan, who was
unable to attend the meeting.)

The common name “‘white-fringed beetle,’ as used in these notes, refers to
any member of the subgenus Graphognathus of the curculionid genus Panto-
morus. Graphognathus includes an as yet undetermined number of forms

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 8, NOV., 1942 185

which live naturally in the temperate portion of South America, chiefly be-
tween 25° and 40° South, in Chile, Argentina, Uraguay, and southeastern
Brazil. A very few more northern specimens, from Peru, have been seen.
The first record of the occurrence of a white-fringed beetle in North America
is based on specimens collected in the vicinity of Svea, Fla. (near Florala, Ala.)
in 1936. These were identified as /eucoloma Boh., a species originally described
from Tucuman, Argentina. Field work in southeastern United States during
the past 5 or 6 years has disclosed the presence there of 5 additional forms of
the weevils. The infested area is a strip bordering the Gulf, in Florida, Ala-
bama, Mississippi, and Louisiana, and extending from De Funiak Springs,
Fla., and Florala, Ala., on the east to several miles west of New Orleans, La.,
on the west. Among thousands of specimens of all the forms examined no
male has ever been found and it is believed that only females are produced
by any of the white-fringed beetles. The evidence now available indicates
very strongly that the various distinguishable populations are neither species,
subspecies nor varieties, as these categories are commonly interpreted in bisexual
genera, but are of some other and lower rank. The term “‘microspecies’’ is
suggested for designating the smallest taxonomically recognizable unit among
the white-fringed beetles; and where, as seems to occur not infrequently, several
microspecies fall into a more or less clearly definable larger segregate (resembling
the species-group of bisexual genera) the term “‘mascrospecies” might be used.
(Author’s abstract). Comments and questions followed by Cushman, Harned,
Cory, Leonard, Rohwer and Hoyt.

3. Research developments in white-fringed beetle control. C. M. Packard.

Biological investigations on the various species of Graphognathus are being
carried on at Florala, Ala., Gulfport, Miss., and New Orleans, La. In most
cases the life cycle is completed in one year, although a few individuals have
required three years for development. Three factors which demonstrate the
serious potentialities of these pests are: the large numbers of eggs laid by each
beetle, in one species as many as 3200 with an average of approximately 700;
the fact that the species are parthenogenetic; and that they attack some 250
species of plants. The best control measures are spraying or dusting with
calcium arsenate or cryolite and the rotation of crops. The only parasite which
has been found so far is a nematode, but investigations thereon are only in the
experimental stage. (Secretary’s abstract.) Remarks followed by Muesebeck,
Cory, McGovran, Weigel, Richardson, Cushman, Harned and Leonard.

President Cory announced the interim appointment, by the Executive
Committee of the Society, of Hahn W. Capps as Acting Treasurer and W. H.
Anderson as Acting Recording Secretary. These men will serve until the
Annual Meeting in December at which time new officers will be elected.

Adjournment at 9:45 p. M.

W. H. ANDERSON,
Acting Recording Secretary.

186 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 8, NOV., 1942

MINUTES OF THE 530TH REGULAR MEETING OF THE ENTO-
MOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, OCTOBER 1, 1942.

The 530th regular meeting of the Society was held at 8 p. m., Thursday,
Oct. 1, 1942, in Room 43 of the National Museum. President Cory presided,
and 37 members and 26 visitors attended. The minutes of the previous meet-
ing were read and approved.

The following two men were unanimously elected to membership in the
Society.

Austin W. Morrill, Jr, Bur. Ent. and Pl. Quar., Beltsville Research Center,

Beltsville Md.
Z. P. Metcalf, Prof. of Zoology, University of North Carolina, Raleigh,
North Carolina.

F. M. Wadley reported on an obituary in memory of L. G. Baumhofer
which had been prepared for publication in the Proceedings. It was voted to
publish the obituary

The program consistedof a moving picture, in color, entitled Tucura Control
in the Argentine, presented by Carl J. Drake of Iowa State College. Some
conception of the tremendous numbers of grasshoppers present in areas of
Argentina was given. Methods of mixing and spreading poison bait were
shown as well as placing of fences to stop migration.

The following visitors were called on for comment or introduction: M. T.
James, F. L. Campbell, J. L.. Horsfall, T. T. Haack, C. S. Harris, John Porter,
C. A. Sheffield and A. Wetmore.

Adjournment at 9.20 p. Mm.

W. H. AnDErson,
Acting Recording Secretary.

Actual date of publication, November 30, 1942.

vu ~
*

LR gE I a a Na a al alk i al ga

i
eww
+

We GS

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CONTENTS

BEAMER, R. H.—A REVISION OF THE GENUS THININGIA IN AMERIC.
OF MEXICO (HOMOPTERA-CICADELLIDAE) . ecu ae

CUSHMAN, R. A.A NEW NAME FOR ODONTOMERUS GRAVENHORST, ie NEW

FENNAH, R. G.—NOTES ON SOME INDIAN FLATIDAE . ie Pa 2 a

Praye o! ~ Div Ir
Sb . « CRESS rere o | .
vf eh aS

rT &

Ma¢ Mrs
VOL. 44. December, 1942 No. 9

PROCEEDINGS

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PLATE 17 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44

WILLIAM SCHAUS

[188 ]

PROCEEDINGS OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

VOL. 44 DECEMBER, 1942 Now9

WILLIAM SCHAUS.

Doctor Schaus died peacefully on June 20 in the presence
of his friend and constant companion, Jack Barnes. For the
past year, failing health, due to his advanced age, had kept
him confined to his home and from any active work in his
chosen field. His passing removes one of the last of the elder
lepidopterists and the one who has probably contributed
most to our knowledge of the neotropical fauna. An active
member of our society since 1914, he was a frequent attendant
at its meetings when his health permitted and a substantial
contributor to our Proceedings. His chief interest throughout
his life has been the Lepidoptera and during the past forty
years he has devoted his labor and means consistently to make
the National Collection of tropical American Lepidoptera the
most complete and representative in the world. He contribu-
ted generously to other institutions, notably the British
Museum of Natural History, the Carnegie Museum at Pitts-
burgh and the American Museum of Natural History; but
the bulk of his collection and his valuable library were given
to the U. S. National Museum, and there he worked for the
last twenty years of his active life. He described over five
thousand new species, mostly from tropical America. With
few exceptions the types of these are deposited in the National
Collection.

Dr. Schaus was born in New York City on the 11th of
January, 1858. His father was the well-known art collector
and dealer, William Schaus, Sr., proprietor of the Schaus
Galleries, born in Germany and naturalized as an American
citizen in 1854. His mother (born Margaret Connover) was
from an old American family. Young Schaus was born to
affluence and it was intended that he should carry on the busi-
ness of his father. He received his early education at Exeter
Academy and was sent abroad to finish his education in
France and Germany. His principal training was in art,
music and languages; but as a young man he came under the
influence of Henry Edwards and found his real vocation. He
decided, despite patental opposition, and at the sacrifice of a
promising career as successor in his father’s business, to devote

SAN - 7 1942

190 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 9, DEC., 1942

his life to the study of Lepidoptera. He made his first col-
lecting trip into Mexico in 1881. ‘Thereafter he made frequent
and extended trips with his companion and friend, Jack Barnes,
to Mexico, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Panama, Cuba, Jamaica,
Dominica, St. Kitts, the Guianas, Colombia and Brazil and
collected over 200,000 Lepidoptera. From 1901 to 1905 he
lived at Twickenham, England. He visited England and the
continent again in 1910 and in 1925 he again visited the conti-
nent and brought back the Dognin collection of tropical
American Lepidoptera, purchased for the National Collection
by funds which he had raised and to which he had contributed
substantially. From 1919 until his retirement in July, 1938,
he was on the staff of the Bureau of Entomology of the U. S.
Department of Agriculture, first as specialist in Lepidoptera
and later as entomologist. In 1921 he was made honorary
assistant curator of insects of the U. S. National Museum.

Besides being an active member of the Entomological Society
of Washington he was an honorary fellow of the Royal Ento-
mological Society of London; fellow of the Zoological Society,
London; honorary correspondent of the Societe Entomologique
de France; honorary member of the Entomological Society of
Brazil; fellow of the American Entomological Society; fellow
for life of the Metropolitan Museum of Art; member of the
American Association for the Advancement of Science, and of
the Biological Society of Washington; corresponding member
of the Philadelphia Entomological Society, and correspondent
of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. In 1921
he received the honorary degree of master of arts from the
University of Wisconsin and in 1925 that of honorary doctor
of science from the University of Pittsburgh.

Few lepidopterists, even of his generation, have had such a
wide and intimate knowledge of the world fauna as he. While
his main interest centered in the American tropics, he worked
with and described many Old World Lepidoptera. He was an
accomplished linguist, a lover of art and music, a charming host
and the most generous of friends. His long life was a comfort-
able and happy one. He had achieved his ambition and his
end was such as he would have chosen.

A bibliography * of his published works follows:

1883. Descriptions of the early stages of some Mexican Lepidoptera:
Papilio, 3:186-189.

1884. Note on Pachylia ficus L.: Papilio, 4:21.

1884. Early stages of Mexican Lepidoptera: Papilio, 4:100—103.

1889. Descriptions of new species of Mexican Heterocera: Ent. Americana,

5:87-90, 190-192.

‘Compiled by Miss Mathilde Carpenter, Librarian, Insect Division,
U.S. National Museum,

1890.

1890.
1892.

1892.
1893.
1894.
1895.
1896.
1896.
1896.
1896.
1896.
1897.
1898.
1898.
1898.
1898.
1899.
1900.
1901.
1901.
1901.
1901.

1902.

1902.
1903.

1904.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 9, DEC., 1942 191

New species of Mexican Lepidoptera: Ent. Americana, 6:18-20,
45-47,

Description of Eterusia urania n. sp.: Ent. Americana, 6:39.

American Lepidoptera; illustrations of new and rare species. Part
1, pp. 1-24. (London).

Descriptions of new species of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Brazil,
Mexico, and Peru: Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., pp. 272-291, 318-341.

(With W. G. Clements). On a collection of Sierra Leone Lepidop-
tera. viand 46 pp. (London).

On new species of Heterocera from Tropical America: Proc. Zool.
Soc. Lond., pp. 225-243.

Some notes on American Sphingidae: Ent. News, 6:141-144.

New species of Heterocera: Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 4:51-60.

New species of American Heterocera: Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc.,
4:130-145.

Notes on the Noctuidae described by Guenee in the Saunders’
Collection: Ent. News, 7:7-8.

On Walker’s American types of Lepidoptera in the Oxford Univer-
sity Museum: Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., pp. 634-650.

New species of Geometridae from Tropical America: Journ. N. Y.
Ent. Soc. 5:161—166.

Three new species of Heterocera from Sierra Leone, Africa: Bull.
Amer. Mus. N. H., 9:325-326.

New species of Noctuidae from Tropical America: Journ. N. Y.
Ent. Soc., 6:107—120.

New species of Heterocera from Tropical America: Journ. N. Y.
Ent. Soc., 6:138-149.

Notes on American Sphingidae, II: Ent. News, 9:134-136.

Two new species of Hesperocharis: Ent. News, 9:215.

New species of Lithosiidae from Tropical America: Journ. N. Y.
Ent. Soc., 7:214-217.

New species of Heterocera from Tropical America: Journ. N. Y.
Ent. Soc., 8:225-234.

A revision of the American Notodontidae: Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.,
pp. 257-344.

Descriptions of some new species of Heterocera: Ann. & Mga. N. H.
(7) 7: 265-270.

New Species of Noctuidae from Tropical America: Ann. & Mag.
N. Hi. (7) 8: 38=51, 77-99.

New species of Geometridae from Tropical America, pts. I and II:
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 27: 165-194, 241-276.

Descriptions of new American butterflies: Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24
(1262): 383-460.

A new species of Dirphia: Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 10:54.

New Noctuidae from Tropical America: Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc.,
11:230-236.

New species of American Heterocera; Trans. Amer, Ent. Soc.,

30:135-178.

192

1905.
1906.
1908.
1910.
1910.
1910.
LOW
1911.
1911.
1911.
LOLI.
roa
LOWNs
OTs
SEL
NONE
nO
OND"
LOI:
1912.
19t2.
1912:
1942:

[O23

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 9, DEC., 1942

Descriptions of new South American moths: Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.,
29 (1420): 179-345.

Descriptions of new South American moths: Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
30 (1444): 85-141.

Descriptions of three new species of Saturnian moths: Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 34 (1597): 65-66.

Descriptions of new Heterocera from Costa Rica: Ann. & Mag.
Ne Es (8) 6289-2 h1.

New species of Heterocera from Costa Rica, II: Ann. & Mag. N. H.,
(8) 6:402-422.

New species of Heterocera from Costa Rica, III: Ann. & Mag. N. H.,
(8) 6:561—-584.

New species of Heterocera from Costa Rica, IV: Ann. & Mag.
N. H. (8) 7:33-84.

New species of Heterocera from Costa Rica, V: Ann. & Mag. N. H.,
(S)p 727s —192-

New species of Heterocera from Costa Rica, VI: Ann. & Mag.
INGY Ee 1(8)) 7 5262-286:

New species of Heterocera from Costa Rica, VII: Ann. & Mag.
ING EES (8) (7:3 55—372-

New species of Heterocera from Costa Rica, VIII: Ann. & Mag.
N. H., (8) 7:612-634.

New species of Heterocera from Costa Rica, IX: Ann. & Mag. N. H.,
(8) 8:90-117.

New species of Heterocera from Costa Rica, X: Ann. & Mag. N. H.,
(8) 8:208-231.

New species of Heterocera from Costa Rica, XI: Ann. & Mag.
NH.» (8) 8:577—601.

A quoi sert le mimetisme? Cong. Internat. Ent. Mem. Bruxelles,
1:295-304.

A new Papilio from Florida, and one from Mexico: Ent. News,
22 2438-439.

Descriptions of six new American Heterocera: Proc. Ent. Soc.
Wash., 13: 42-44.

New species of Heterocera from Costa Rica, XII: Ann. & Mag.

N. H., (8) 9:34—-57.

New species of Heterocera from Costa Rica, XIII: Ann. & Mag.

NaER, (8)/9:202—214°

New species of Heterocera from Costa Rica, XIV: Ann. & Mag.

IN El-(8);9: 289-31

New species of Heterocera from Costa Rica, XV: Ann. & Mag.

N. H., (8) 9:423-433, 537-551.

New species of Heterocera from Costa Rica, XVI: Ann. & Mag.
N. H., (8) 9:656-681.

New species of Heterocera from Costa Rica, XVII: Ann. & Mag.
N. H., (8) 10:231—240, 286-310.

New species of Heterocera from Costa Rica, XVIII; Ann. & Mag.
N. H., (8) 10:509-532,

1912.

Pye

TOTS:

1913:

USS;

LOTS:

1913.
ISS:

NOM ZIE

POTS:
1914.

195:

1915:

1916.

1918.

toto:

L920!

1920.

1920-

1920.

ODE

1921.

192K:

1927;

1922.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 9, DEC., 1942 193

A new megalopygid from French Guiana: Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
14:53.

New species of Noctuidae from French Guiana: Proc. Ent. Soc.
Wash., 14:170-174.

New species of Heterocera from Costa Rica, XIX: Ann. & Mag.
Nz H., (8) 1121=43:

New species of Heterocera from Costa Rica, XX: Ann. & Mag.
N. H., (8) 11:234-262.

New species of Heterocera from Costa Rica, XXI: Ann. & Mag.
N. H., (8) 11:342-358, 361-386.

New species of Erycinidae from Costa Rica: Ann. & Mag. N. H.,
(8) 11:298-303.

New species of Heterocera from Brazil: Ent. News, 24:3-6.

New species of Rhapalocera from Costa Rica: Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
pp. 339-367.

New species of Noctuidae from the Guianas: Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
14: 213-218, 1912.

Two new noctuids from French Guiana: Insec. Inscit. Mens., 1:25—26

New species of noctuid moths from Tropical America: Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 46 (2039): 485-549.

Notes on Costa-Rican Heterocera described in the Annals and Maga-
zine of Natural History: Ann. & Mag. N. H., (8) 15:501-502.

New species of Heterocera from Tropical America: Trans. Amer.
Ent. Soc., 41: 1-9.

A generic revision of the American moths of the subfamily Hypeninae,
with descriptions of new genera and species: Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus:, 50'(2132): 259-399:

A new Agrias from Guatemala: Ent. News, 29: 387-388.

Anew Amastus from Argentina: Ent. News, 30: 174.

New species of Lepidoptera in the United States National Museum:
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 57 (2307): 107-152.

New species of Neotropical Pyraustinae: Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.
22:172-190, 200-222.

New species of Notodontidae from Central and South America:
Insec. Inscit. Mens., §:147-161.

Descriptions of two new species of butterflies from Tropical America:
Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 10:434-435.

New species of Lepidoptera in the United States National Museum:
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 59 (2372): 349-396.

New species of Heterocera from South America: Insec. Inscit. Mens.,
9352-58.

New species of Heterocera from South America: Insec. Inscit. Mens.,
Os1G61-179.

New species of Lithosiidae from the Oriental Region: Insec. Inscit.
Mens., 10:23-37.

New species of Hydriomena from Mexico and Guatemala: Insec.

Inscit. Mens., 10:205-218.

194 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 9, DEC., 1942

1922. New species of Pyralidae of the subfamily Crambinae from Tropical
America: Proc. Ent. So?. Wash., 24: 127-145.

1922. Notes on the Neotropical Epipaschiinae with descriptions of new
genera and species: Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 24: 208-241.

1923. New species of Notodontidae from South America in the Carnegie
Museum: Ann. Carnegie Mus., 15:80—90.

1923. New species of American Geometridae in the United States National
Museum: Insec. Inscit. Mens., 11:149-167.

1923. Galapagos Heterocera with descriptions of new species: Zoologica,
5 (2): 23-48.

1923. (With T. D. A. Cockerell). Three new forms of Rhopalocera from
Colombia and a new Geometrid moth from Madeira: Proc. Ent.
Soc. Wash., 25: 162-164.

1923. A new genus and species of moth of economic interest in the United
States National Museum: Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 25:164.

1924. New species of moths in the United States National Museum: Proc.
U.S. Nat. Mus., 65 (2520): 1-74.

1924. New species of Pyralidae of the subfamily Nymphulinae from
Tropical America: Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 26:93-130.

1924. A new moth injurious to cocoanut palm (Limacodidae): Proc. Ent.
Soc. Wash., 26:180.

1924. A new moth of the subfamily Phycitinae: Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.,
26:196.

1925. Two new Saturnids from South America: Ent. News, 37: 25-26.

1925. New species of Epipaschiinae in the Carnegie and U. S. National
Museums: Ann. Carnegie Mus., 16:9-48.

1925. (With W. H. Holland). The Epipaschiinae of the Western Hemis-
phere; a synonymic catalog of the species hitherto described, with
figures of many, which have not heretofore been depicted: Ann.
Carnegie Mus., 16:49-130.

1926. A new satyrid from China: Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 28:218.

1927. Revision of Lymantriidae: Seitz, Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde,
6:536-564.

1927. New species of Pyraustinae from the Philippine Islands: Philipp.

Journ.) Sei., 34> 313-327.

1927. New species of Lepidoptera from South America: Proc. Ent. Soc.

Wash., 29: 73-82.

/ 1927. New species of Heterocera from Central and South America: Proc.

Ent. Soc. Wash., 29: 101-111.

1928. New moths of the family Cearuridae (Notodontidae) in the United

States National Museum: Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 73 (2740):1—90.

1928. New species of Lepidoptera in the United States National Museum:
Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 30:46-58.

1928. Revision of American Perophoridae: Seitz, Gross-Schmetterlinge der
Erde, 6:635-674.

1929. A new species of Danaidae from the Philippine Island, in the United
States National Museum: Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 31:20.

1929.

1929!

1932.

932.

1933.

1934.

1936.

1937.

1938.

1989:

1939:

1940.

1940.
1940.

1940.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 9, DEC., 1942 195

New species of Heterocera from Southern Brazil: Proc. Ent. Soc.
Wash., 31:45-61.

(With Draudt). Revision of American Bombycidae: Seitz, Gross-
Schmetterlinge der Erde: 6:675-711.

A new form of Hyloicus discovered in Ecuador by W. Judson Coxey:
Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., 40:375.

A new moth from Peru (Syssphingidae, antea Saturniidae): Ent.
News, 43: 155-156.

New species of Sphingidae and Saturniidae in the U. S. National
Museum: Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 22:137-148.

New species of Heterocera in the National Museum, I: Ann. & Mag.

N. H-, (0) 11: 566-587.

New species of Heterocera in the National Museum, II: Ann. & Mag.

N. H., (10) 12: 368-387.

New species of Heterocera from Tropical America, 1V: Ann. & Mag.

N: H.,.(10) 114:79-115.

New species of Lasiocampidae from Neotropical countries: Ann.
& Mag. N. H., (10) 17: 47-66, 192-210.

New species of moths of the family Notodontidae in the United
States National Museum: Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 84 (3026):
563-584.

Revision of H. G. Dyar’s Limacodidae and Cossidae of America:
Seitz, Macrolepidoptera of the World (English ed.), Fauna Ameri-
cana, 6:1113-1136, 1264-1272.

New species of American Heterocera in the United States National
Museum: Ann. & Mag. N. H., (11) 2:504-517.

New Neotropical Lepidoptera of the family Notodontidae; Ann.
Carnegie Mus., 27:321-348.

New species of moths of the families Notodontidae and Bombycidae
in the United States National Museum: Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
86 (3063): 543-561.

New species of heterocerous moths in the United States National
Museum: Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 89 (3102): 497-511.

New species of British Guiana Heterocera: Zoologica, 24 (1): 83-88.

Insects of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands—moths of the family
Noctuidae: Sci. Surv. P. R. Virgin Is., 12 (2):177-290.

Insects of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands—moths of the families
Geometridae and Pyralididae: Sci. Surv. P. R. & Virgin Is., 12 (3):
291-417.

—Caru Heinricu and E. A Cuapin.

196 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 9, DEC., 1942

ANOPHELES CLARKI, A NEW SPECIES OF NYSSORHYNCHUS
OF WIDE DISTRIBUTION IN SOUTH AMERICA.
(DIPTERA: CULICIDAE).

By W. H. W. Komp,!
Senior Medical Entomologist, U. S. Public Health Service.

The observations of many workers in South America, par-
ticularly those of Gabaldon (1, 2), Ayroza Galvado (3), and
Rozeboom and Gabaldon (4), have shown that the species of
Anopheles of the subgenus Nyssorhynchus are much more
numerous than has hitherto been suspected. ‘The purpose of
this paper is two-fold, first, to describe a new species of this
complex, and second, to re-emphasize the necessity for careful
systematic work in separating the many closely similar species
of this subgenus.

The description of the new species is based on material
received from several widely separated localities, indicating
either a wide over-all distribution of the species, or the exist-
ence of peculiar ecological conditions which favor its propaga-
tion. Many years ago a single male was obtained from Bahia,
State of Bahia, Brazil, through the kindness of Dr. Mark F.
Boyd of the Rockefeller Foundation, unfortunately without
data as to time of collection. Four males and four females
were received from Dr. Carlos A. Alvarado, Director of the
anti-malaria campaign in northern Argentina, from Monteros,
which is a town of about 5,000 lying south of Tucuman, the
capital of the province of that name, in northern Argentina.
Two males of this species, which were sent for identification,
were obtained through the kindness of Dr. O. R. Causey,
at the time with the Rockefeller Foundation in Fortaleza,
Ceara, Brazil, which were collected in Guaramiray, Ceara.
and Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil, respectively. ‘These were labeled
““oswaldoi?”’. Lastly, a single male terminalia of the new
species was found in the slide collection of the late F. M. Root,
at the School of Hygiene and Public Health of Johns Hopkins
University. The slide is labeled “‘4. tarstmaculatus, ’’ Con-
cepcion, Argentina. Dr. N. C. Davis.”” This slide has three
male terminalia mounted under one cover-glass. ‘The termi-
nalia farthest from the label are those of 4. clarki. Concep-
cion is a town some miles south of Monteros, in the province
of Tucuman, Argentina.

The adult females from Monteros, Argentina, are apparently
very similar in appearance to most of the other species of the
series tarstmaculatus of Edwards (5). ‘The males are likewise
indistinguishable from other members of this series, except
on the basis of the terminalia. The short, straight, truncate,

' From the Gorgas Memorial Laboratory, Panama City, Rep. de Panama.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 9, DEC., 1942 197

heavily sclerotized mesosome of the terminalia of this species
is quite distinct from that of any other known species, and so
far is the best means of distinguishing it from its congeners.
It is hoped that more abundant material may be obtained from
South America, so that all stages of this interesting, widespread
and hitherto overlooked species may be described.

Description of Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) clarki, new species.
(Here described.)

Adult female: Of the usual facies of the series tarsimaculatus of Edwards
The palpi have the last two segments white, with narrow black rings at the
apex and base of the penultimate segment, and a white ring at the apex of
the ante-penultimate segment. A few white scales are mixed with the
dark brown scales of the antepenultimate segment, and there is an indistinct
white ring at the joint between the antepenultimate segment and the next
basal segment. ‘The mesonotum has three dark spots in the integument,
two on each side behind the lateral fossae, and one larger spot covering the
antescutellar space. The dorsum of the abdomen is clothed with creamy
scales, more numerous along the median line, and there are prominent
lateral scale tufts on the second to sixth segments. The cerci are clothed
with brown and white scales, the white scales predominating.

The fore legs have white apical bands on the first, second, and third tarsal
segments, broadest on the third segment. The fourth and fifth segments
are alldark. The mid legs are likewise with white rings on the first, second,
and third tarsal segments, much narrower than on the fore legs. The first
hind tarsal segment is dark, with a narrow white apical ring. The second
hind tarsal segment is variable in amount of white, specimens from Argen-
tina having this segment about 25 per cent black, while the two specimens
from northeastern Brazil have the black portion much reduced, to about
one-sixth the length of the segment, therein approaching the condition
found in 4. oswaldo1. The third and fourth hind tarsal segments are all
white, and the fifth segment is white with a narrow black basal ring. On
all legs there is a small white spot at the tip of the femora, and a narrow
white apical ring on the tibiae.

Wings. Of the usual Nyssorhynchus facies, with no apparent distinguish-
ing features. Spot B 2 of Root is larger than the preceding black spot, and
the light wing scales vary in color from white to creamy.

MALE: With the coloration of the female, the wing-markings similar,
but with the scaling much reduced.

Male terminalia: Of the usual Nyssorhynchus type, with fused ventral
lobes of the claspette produced to form two long hairy basal lobules (Fig. 3).
The terminal hairs of these lobules are long, sometimes recurving upwards
over the lobules, as in 4. oswaldot. ‘The hairs on the median portion of
the lobules are shorter, and show a tendency to radiate. On the inner
aspect, between the lobules, the long hairs are seemingly considerably more
dense, and recurve upwards toward the preapical plate. These inner long
hairs are curved, not straight as in the similar hairs of 4. rangeli Gabaldon,

198 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 9, DEC., 1942

Fig. 3, Claspette lobes of 4. clarkt.

et al., and form a less dense tuft. ‘The preapical plate is very large and
nearly circular. The apex of the fused claspette lobes is rugose, with long
laterally-directed hairs on the sides. The apex is somewhat narrowed, not
being as wide as the basal lobules.

The mesosome (Figs. 1 and 2) is very characteristic, and forms the most
easily accessible character to differentiate the species. "The mesosome is
short, slightly curved, incompletely tubular, and the sides (lateral faces)
are nearly straight, and very heavily sclerotized. A cross-section of the
mesosome below the tip would be approximately square. The apex of the
mesosome departs greatly from the appearance as found in the other species
of Nyssorhynchus, as it is very short, almost square, and blunt. In the
great majority of the other species, the apex of the mesosome is somewhat
spoon-shaped, with a rounded tip. In 4. clarki the apex of the mesosome

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 9, DEC., 1942 199

Fig. 1, Mesosome of A. clarki, n. sp.
Fig. 2, Lateral view of mesosome of 4. clarki, showing short, truncate tip.

appears to be beveled off, giving a truncate appearance, and is heavily
sclerotized (Fig. 4). The mesosome is entirely dissimilar to that of 4.
goeldi1 Rozeboom and Gabaldon, in which the apex is short and rounded,
and in which small spinelike mesosomal leaflets are usually present.

Larvae.—The larvae of A. clarki will not be described at this time, as
the material from Monteros, Argentina, is not definitely known to be
associated with the males. However, these larvae are similar to the others
of the subgenus, resembling closely those of 4. oswaldoi observed in the
Canal Zone.

200 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 9, DEC., 1942

Fig. 4, Micrograph of mesosome of type male.

Type.—One male, the terminalia dissected and mounted on
a separate slide.

Type locality: Monteros, Prov. of Tucuman, Rep. of
Argentina.

Date of collection: June, 1940. Obtained through the
courtesy of Dr. C. A. Alvarado. Type No. 56476 deposited
in the U.S. National Museum.

Paratypes: 1 male, 1 female, from Monteros, Argentina,
July 1940. 1 female from Monteros, Argentina, June 1940.

Additional material deposited in the U.S. National Museum,
Washington, D. C.: 1 male from Guaramiray, Ceara, Brazil,
through Dr. O. R. Causey (no date of collection). There is
also one male terminalia from Concepcion, Tucuman, Argen-
tina, N. C. Davis, collector (no date), in the collection of the
late F. M. Root, now in the School of Hygiene and Public
Health of Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland,
U. S. A. The writer has retained the remainder of the ma-
terial mentioned in his private collection. He takes pleasure
in naming the new species in honor of Dr. H. C. Clark, Direc-
tor of Gorgas Memorial Laboratory, Panama, Republic of

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 9, DEC., 1942 201

Panama, with whom his long association has been pleasant
and profitable.

Discussion.

The new species here described is a distinct species of the
subgenus Nyssorhynchus of Anopheles. It is apparently of
widespread distribution in South America, material being
available from two localities in northwestern Argentina, and
from three localities in northeastern Brazil.

All studies of the vector ability, biology, and ecology of the
Nyssorhynchus species in these and other areas of South
America should be reconsidered in the light of the presence of
this new species. The excellent work of N. C. Davis on the
variability of the species of Nyssorhynchus is invalidated to a
large degree, owing to his failure to recognize accurately the
species with which he dealt. Present conclusions as to the
vector ability of the numerous species “lumped” under the
name ‘“‘tarsimaculatus” by uncritical workers must be revali-
dated, taking into consideration the possible role of 4. clark.

The discovery of this new species again calls attention to a
fact which should now be well known, but is often neglected
by field workers. Any investigation of malaria and its
Anopheline vectors, which pretends to have scientific accuracy,
must have as its firm basis a sound knowledge of Anopheline
taxonomy.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

1. Gasatpon, A., Descripcion de Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) niifiez-tovari,
y Consideraciones sobre una sub-division del grupo Nyssorhynchus
(Diptera, Culicidae). Publ. de la Div. de Malarioligia, No. 5 Minist.
de San. y Assit. Social (de Venezuela), Caracas, pp. 3-7, 1940.

2. Gasatpon, A., Cova-Garcia, and Lopez. Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus)
rangeli, una nueva especie de la sub-serie oswaldoi (Diptera, Culicidae)
de amplia distribucion en Venezuela. Ibid., pp. 9-23, 1940.

3. Gatvao, A. L. A., Contribuicdo ao Conhecimento dos Anofelinos de
Grupo Nyssorhynchus de Sao Paulo e Regioes Vizinhas. Arq. de
Zool. do Est. de S. Paulo. Tomo XXIV, Rev. do Mus. Paulista
Brazil) Vol. 1, Artigo 14, 399-484, 1940.

4. Rozesoom, L. E., and Gabaldon, A. A Summary of the “Tarsimacu-
latus’’ Complex of Anopheles (Diptera, Culicidae). Amer. Jour.
Hyg., 33, 3, Sec. C, pp. 88-100, May, 1941

5. Epwarps, F. W., Genera Insectorum, Diptera, Culicidae. Fascicle

194, P. Wytsman, 1932.

202 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 9, DEC., 1942

NOTES ON CERTAIN SPECIES OF BEMBICIDS.
By J. B. Parker,

Professor of Biology (retired), Catholic University of America,
Washington, D. C.

In my paper dealing with the tribes Stizini and Bembicini,
published in 1929, in Vol. 75 of the Proceedings of the U. S.
National Museum, among other new species described therein
were two from South America, Selman angustus and Bicyrtes
bradleyi. Each of these was described from a single female
and the former species was designated as the type of the genus
Selman. Since that paper was published two males and two
females of B. bradleyi and a male of S. angustus have been sent
to me by Mr. Richard Dow from the Museum of Comparative
Zoology at Cambridge, Mass., for study and description.

Bicyrtes bradleyi Parker.

Allotype (male).—Black: labrum; clypeus; mandibles, except tips; lower
part of frons, continued upward in a stripe on the midline that widens and
ends at the anterior ocellar cicatrice; narrow posterior orbits; tubercles,
continuous with broad fascia on posterior border of pronotum and also
with a broad spot covering almost the whole side of the prothorax; pair of
ovate discal marks on scutum; broad lateral lines on scutum not reaching
anterior margin; broad lateral spots on scutellum not reaching posterior
border of sclerite; fascia on metanotum; the entire sides of propodeum;
jarge anterior spot and small posterior spot on mesopleura; prominent
jnterrupted fascia on tergites 1-5; continuous fascia narrowed at midline
on tergite 6; apical line on sternites, most evident on sternites 2 and 3;
spot on coxae; femora distally and almost entirely on lower surface; tibiae,
except narrow line below; and tarsi, except dusky spots below on all and
apical segment of hind pair, yellow.

The flagellum is marked with ferruginous below and all segments are
plain, lacking specific modifications of any kind. ‘The second sternite
bears a prominent median process; the sixth is plain. ‘The seventh tergite
bears a pair of prominent lateral spines (Figs. 1, 2) while the seventh
sternite is of normal form, ending in three spines. ‘The posterior surface
and the lateral angles of the propodeum are the same in form as those of
the type. ‘The wings are clear. ‘The pubescence is short and sparse, in
fact, almost lacking. ‘The form of the spatha of the genitalia (Fig. 3)
differs radically from that characterizing the males of this genus. This
character, the form of the seventh tergite, and the form of the propodeum,
taken together, distinguish this species from all others described thus far
for this genus. Length 15 mm. i

I have before me at this time, in addition to the allotype, a
male and two females, all of which bear the label “‘Cordova,
Argent. Davis.’’ Allotype in the Museum of Comparative
Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 9, DEC., 1942 203

As was pointed out in the description of the type of Bicyrtes
bradleyi, the character of the posterior-lateral angles of the
propodeum and of its posterior surface differs from the normal
for species of this genus. In this species the posterior-lateral
angles of the propodeum are decidedly rounded and the pos-
terior surface is, therefore, not so markedly concave. The
difference in form of the distal part of the spatha of the male
genitalia of bradleyi from that of other species of the genus is
even more marked. Despite these differences, however, the
fact that the ocelli, the mouth parts, and the general habitus
of the species are normal, would seem to warrant its retention
in the genus Bicyrtes. Perhaps when we know more about
the life-history and habits of this species it may be necessary
to make it the type of a new genus.

Selman angustus Parker.

Allotype (male).—Black: labrum; mandibles, except tips; clypeus; frons
below and between antennae; broad anterior orbits shortened above; scape,
except broad line on inner side; posterior orbits, narrowed above; broad
fascia on posterior border of prothorax, including tubercles and united with
broad lateral spot on either side; dorsal anterior median spot on prothorax;
pair of ovate discai spots on scutum; lateral lines on scutum; broad fascia
on scutellum; fascia on metanotum; curved fascia on dorsum of propodeum,
interrupted at midline on posterior surface; lateral angles of propodeum
and broad vertical line on anterior lateral surface; metapleura and meso-
pleura almost entirely; large lateral spots and pair of small, narrow, widely
separated discal spots on first tergite; fasciae, interrupted at midline dor-
sally on tergites 2-6, the more anterior ones narrowed toward the midline;
pair of apical spots on tergite 7; fasciae, narrowed at midline on sternites
2-5; legs, except more or less of coxae and trochanters, a black line above
on all femora, and black spot below on middle tibia, yellow.

The flagellum, of which the proximal segments and the tip of the terminal
segment are testaceous, is without spines or pits (Fig. 5) although segments
6-12 below show specialized areas. As in the female, the maxillary palpus
is composed of six segments and the labial of four. The middle femur
below at the distal end bears a circular notch and short spine (Fig. 6).
Wings are hyaline, narrow, and relatively short as on the type. The
second sternite along the median line is somewhat swollen and distinctly
carinate. The sixth sternite is plain. The seventh tergite is roundly
emarginate at the apex and bears a pair of lateral spines (Fig. 7). The
eighth sternite ends in a spear-pointed spine (Fig. 8). The pubescence is
very sparse, almost lacking. Length 18 mm.

Described from a single specimen bearing the label “Cordova
Argent. Davis.” Allotype in the Museum of Comparative
Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.

The genus Selman, for which the female of S. angustus
Parker, was designated as the type, is closely related to the

204 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 9, DEC., 1942

genus Stictia. It differs from Stictia in having the ocelli func-
tional, or at least without complete obliteration of the lenses;
in having the middle of the vertex elevated instead of de-
pressed; in having the wings relatively shorter; and in having
the body slender instead of robust. The male, like the male
of Stictia, has a notch and tooth at the distal end of the femur,
but it lacks the specialized area found on the sixth sternite of
the male of Stictia and the modification of the second sternite
is also different. Genital structures as in Figs 9-and 10.

Bembix insularis (Dahlbom).

The discussion of this species in my paper referred to above
was based wholly upon my study of specimens from Jamaica.
Since the publication of that paper I have had opportunity to
study specimens of Bembix from Cuba and Haiti. Dahlbom
described his species, which he placed in the genus Monedula,
from two females from the Virgin Islands. Cresson’s speci-
mens came from Cuba as did those studied by Handlirsch.
Handlirsch states, however, that he had access also to Dahl-
bom’s types. Since Dahlbom’s material did not include a
male it follows that Handlirsch based his figures and descrip-
tion of the male of this species on specimens from Cuba.

Now, the males before me from Cuba show the characters
ascribed to this species by Handlirsch in his figures of the anten-
nae and the male genitalia. ‘The stipites of males before me
from Cuba, as shown in figs. 11 and 12, closely resemble those
shown in Handlirsch’s illustration of the genitalia of this
species. The genitalia of males from Jamaica (Figs. 13, 14)
differ somewhat in form from those of Cuba while showing a
similar pattern. Since, however, all these specimensimare
quite similar in all other respects it seems best to regard them
as variants of a single species. ‘The fact that all these males
bear a pair of lateral processes on the sixth sternite, a character
that neither Handlirsch nor Cresson mentions in their discus-
sions of znsularis, indicates that these specimens belongs to a
single species and at the same time raises the question as to
whether we are here dealing with the insularis of Dahlbom.

Zyzzyx chilensis (Eschscholz).

In the same paper referred to above I erected a new genus,
Therapon, based upon the species, Stictia chilensis Eschscholz,
which was designated as the type of the genus. Unfortunately
the generic term, Therapon, was preoccupied in the field of
Ichthyology. In his paper entitled ““The Generic Names of
the Sphecoid Wasps and Their Type Species”, published in
the Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, No. 9,
1937, page 68, Pate corrects this error and proposes for
Therapon Parker the generic term Zyzzyx, sin

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 9, DEC., 1942 205

Bembix tenebrosa Parker and Bembix refuscata Parker.

In his paper, ‘““The Sphegidae of South Africa,” Part XV,
published in 1931 in the Annals of the Transvaal Museum,
Vol. XIV, Part II, Dr. George Arnold takes exception to the
validity of some of the new species described in my paper. On
page 214 of his paper Dr. Arnold reduces my species, Bembix
tenebrosa, to synonomy with Bembix diversipennis Smith and
on the following page he does the same thing for my Bembix
refuscata. Had Dr. Arnold been a bit more thorough in
examining my paper he would not have made this blunder.
For some unexplained reason the figures (figs. 201-203)
accompanying the description of tenebrosa were not cited in
connection with the text of the description of this species and,
I take it, Dr. Arnold failed to see them. Fig. 201 represents
the male genitalia of B. tenebrosa and fig. 170 those of B.
refuscata. If it is maintained that genitalia so widely diverg-
ent in form as are these, are nevertheless representative of a
single species, then the use of genital characters in the determi-
nation of species might as well be thrown overboard entirely.
That we have here two distinct species is beyond question.

From what Dr. Arnold states in his discussion of my tene-
brosa | am very much of the opinion that this form and his
diversipennis var. Johnstont ‘Turner are one and the same
species, and [I am further convinced that neither of them is
synonymous with B. diversipennis Smith. Dr. Arnold states
that in making his description of the male of diversipennts
Smith he ‘‘omitted to mention” the black spots on the under-
side of the anterior tibiae, which leads one to suspect that he
did not know they were there until he read my description of
tenebrosa. Smith in his description of diversipennis does not
mention these black spots and neither does Handlirsch. It
is quite possible that Smith might have overlooked them but
if these spots had been present on the specimens described
by Handlirsch as diverstpennis Smith, | am convinced that
he would have discovered them and reported their presence.
I have invariably found Handlirsch’s figures exact and reliable
and his figure of the flagellum of diversipennis Smith does not
fit the flagellum of my tenebrosa (fig. 202). Neither does the
figure of the male genitalia of diversipennis as given by Hand-
lirsch fit the male genitalia of tenebrosa. There is no doubt in
my mind whatsoever that the diversipennis of Handlirsch and
my tenebrosa are distinct species, and that my refuscata is
distinct from both of them. Furthermore it is my conviction
that Turner’s Bembix johnstont is a valid species and that
Arnold’s variety Johnstont and my tenebrosa must be reduced
to synonomy.

206 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 9, DEC., 1942

Bembix recurva Parker.

In commenting on my Bembix recurva Parker Dr. Arnold
says ‘‘it is probable that it is a synonym of ugandensis Turner.
Until the two types can be compared, it is perhaps best to
treat recurva Parker as a synonym.” Just why is it best to
do this? To reduce a newly described species to synonomy
on nothing better than an opinion based on a mere probability
is a procedure that has little to commend it.

Bembix opinabilis Parker.

Dr. Arnold’s sinking of my species B. opinabilis as a syno-
nym of B. stadelmanni Hdl. is wholly unwarranted. The
statement by Dr. Arnold that “the figures in Parker’s work of
the seventh tergite and genitalia agree very well with those in
Handlirsch’s monograph”’ warrants the assumption that Dr.
Arnold did not trouble himse f to make a careful comparison
of my figures with those given by Handlirsch. The genital
stipites of the two species are fundamentally different. The
inner border of the stipes of stadelmanni as shown by Hand-
lirsch is entire, without incision or emargination, whereas
that of opinabilis is strongly emarginate toward the apex.
On the lateral border of the seventh tergite of each species
there is a slight but distinct lateral ridge. On stadelmanni
this ridge is continuous with the apical portion of the lateral
margin of the tergite, whereas on opinabilis it is continuous
with the basal portion of the margin. Here we have a funda-
mental morphological difference, which Dr. Arnold either
overlooked or chose to disregard, a difference that cannot be
explained away on the ground of variation within a species.
Before describing opinabilis | spent hours in an endeavor to
make this form fit stadelmanni as described and figured by
Handlirsch, but the longer I pursued my study the firmer
became my conviction that I was here dealing with a different
species.

Bembix stevensoni Parker.

In his curt remarks concerning my species, B. stevensoni Dr.
Arnold makes it quite clear that he is a bit superficial in evalu-
ating characteristics. Along with these comments I am sub-
mitting a camera lucida illustration of the genital stipes of
B. fuscipennis Lep. (fig. 15) and of B. stevensoni Parker (fig.
16) drawn at the same angle and to the same scale of magnifi-
cation. The illustrations of the seventh tergites of the two
species (figs. 17, 18) were drawn under the same conditions
and from the same specimens. In the case of fuscipennis the
specimen used in making the illustration was identified by
R. H, R. Stevenson, and in the case of stevensont the specimen

PROC. ENT. SOC, WASH., VOL. 44 PLATE 18

208 .. PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 9, DEC., 1942

used was identified by Arnold himself as identical with my
species but referred by him to fuscipennis. ‘The illustration
of the stipes of fuscipennis is in all essentials identical with
that given for this species by Handlirsch, and the illustration
of the stipes of stevensoni is the same as that accompanying
my description of the species, save that in the present illus-
tration the view is latero-dorsal whereas in the original illus-
tration the view is strictly dorsal. The difference in the
pattern of the genital stipites of these two forms is too great
to be ignored orto be explained on the ground of variation within
a species. When we add to this the difference in the develop-
ment of the seventh tergites, and the difference of the infuma-
tion of the wings we have here a combination of characteristics
that warrant the separation of these two forms as distinct
species.
Bembix laeta Parker.

Whether my species, B. laeta, is synonymous with a pre-
viously described species narrows down to a matter of opinion.
Dr. Arnold insists that it 1s synonymous with B. intermedia
Dahlb. Handlirsch regards B. intermedia Dahlb. as synony-
mous with B. olivata Dahlb. In his discussion of B. olivata
Handlirsch remarks that this species (ol/ivata) is as much like
B. mediterranea as one egg is like another. Before making
my description of B. laeta I carefully compared my specimen
with a number of others in the collection of the’ U. S:°N:
Museum identified as B. olivata Dahlb. by other entomologists
and also with a number of others similarly identified as B.
mediterranea Hdl. I also checked against Handlirsch’s de-
scriptions, but I found myself unable to assign my specimen
with certainty to any of those species. In a situation such
as this I could follow any one of three courses: 1) I could send
the specimen back to Berlin unidentified; 2) I could assign it
to one of the above species with the serious risk of returning
to Berlin a misidentified specimen; 3) I could describe it as
new. Ichose the last course, realizing that when a new species
of Bembix is based upon a female, unless the specimen shows
some striking morphological character, there is always a risk
of adding to synonym. In Arnold’s opinion I have done so,
but he has not seen the specimen on which I based my descrip-
tion. I have; that is the difference.

EXPLANATION OF PuiaTEeE 18.

Fig. 1-2. Bicyrtes bradleyi Parker. Seventh tergite.
Fig. 3 Bicyrtes bradleyi Parker. Spatha.

Fig. 4 Bicyrtes bradleyi Parker. Stipes.

Fig. 5 Selman angustus Parker. Antenna.

Fig. 6 Selman angustus Parker. Femur of leg II.

Fig. 7 Selman angustus Parker. Seventh tergite.

he ee

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 9, DEC., 1942 209

Fig. 8 Selman angustus Parker. Eighth . sternite

Fig. 9 Selman angustus Parker. Stipes.

Fig. 10 Selman angustus Parker. Spatha.

Fig. 11 Bembix insularis (Dahlbom) Stipes (Cuban specimen).
Fig. 12 Bembix insularis (Bahlbom) 5 hae Cape ab )
Fig. 13 Bembix insularis (Bahlbom) ** (Jamaican specimen).
Fig. 14 Bembix insularis (Bahlbom) or ( €¢ << )

Fig. 15 Bembix fuscipennis Lep.
Fig. 16 Bembix stevensoni Parker
Fig. 17 Bembix stevensoni Parker Seventh tergite.
Fig. 18 Bembix fuscipennis Lep. ef es

A NEW NORTH AMERICAN SOLENOPSIS (DIPLORHOPTRUM)
(HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE).

By Marton R. Smiru,

U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology and Plant
Quarantine.

The ant here described is so distinct f-om the 14 previously
known forms of Solenopsis subgenus Diplorhoptrum (Mayr)
that it should be recognized immediately. Since the North
American ants belonging to this subgenus have not been
treated in a comprehensive review and since at least some of
them are exceedingly difficult to classify, a key for the identi-
fication of the workers of all the described species is presented.
No attempt has been made to treat the following subspecies
or varieties because types of none of them are available to
me: S. (D.) texana subsp. carolinensis Forel, texana subsp.
truncorum Forel, texana var. catalinae Wheeler, molesta var.
castanea Wheeler, molesta var. validiuscula Emery, and picta
var. moerens Wheeler. I have seen types of pilosula Wheeler,
krockowt Wheeler, and picta Emery, but I have not been able
to examine types or authentically determined specimens of
salina Wheeler, rosella Kennedy, and texana Emery. ‘The
characters used in placing salina and rosella in the key have
been taken from the original descriptions and those for texana
from Wheeler’s brief characterization (Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist. Bul. 24: 531, 1908). Wheeler was probably in aposition
to judge the distinction between texana and molesta since he
lived in Texas for many years and doubtless saw specimens of
texana On many occasions.

The species of Diplorhoptrum are of economic importance.
The common molesta (Say) is well known for its predacious
habits, which include the destruction of both beneficial and
injurious insects. ‘The workers of this species also attack the
seeds of certain germinating grains, infest houses, destroy
young birds at the time of hatching, and attend honeydew-

210 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 9, DEC., 1942

excreting, subterranean aphids and mealybugs. Their exact
relationship with the aphids and mealybugs is not fully known
and may be more important than is realized.

Solenopsis (Diplorhoptrum) longiceps, new species.

Worker.—Length 1.2-1.3 mm.

Head, not including mandibles, approximately one and one-third times
as long as broad, subrectangular, with very gently convex, subparallel sides,
and distinctly emarginate posterior border. Antennal scape, exclusive of
pedicel, approximately three-fifths as long as head. Antennal club remark-
ably large, at least one and one-third times as long as remainder of funi-
culus; first funicular segment at least as long as combined lengths of the
next four segments; last antennal segment three or more times as long as
the preceding segment. Clypeus strongly projecting, the anterior border
with two prominent teeth and two very much smaller and indistinct lateral
teeth. Mandible with four teeth. Eye very minute, with only one or
two distinct facets. Thorax, not including the pronotal collar, approxi-
mately as long as head, with rounded humeri, and a distinct mesoepinotal
constriction. Epinotum, in profile, rounded, the base and declivity merg-
ing into each other without any indication of an angle. Petiolar node, in
profile, larger and higher than node of postpetiole, with abruptly declivous
anterior surface and more convex posterior surface, peduncle with a very
small ventral tooth; summit of petiolar node approximately one and
one-half times as wide as long. Summit of postpetiolar node of about the
same width as that of petiolar node but differently shaped, appearing
subglobular, but distinctly broader than long and also broader posteriorly
than anteriorly. Gaster elongate, with weakly convex, subparallel sides
and rather distinct basal angles.

Head, except for the median longitudinal area between the clypeus and
the posterior border of the head, with distinct but well scattered piligerous
punctures.

Body, especially the head, and appendages with rather abundant, sub-
erect to erect hairs.

Color a sordid light brown or yellowish browh.

Type localitty—Hamilton County, Tenn., 4-24-39, W. Ey
Turner; Turner No. 13795.

The holotype and 33 paratype specimens have been placed
in the United States National Museum under U. S. N. M. No.
56344.

To this species I have also referred 16 specimens collected
in Lincoln County, Miss., on July 14, 1936, by W. F. Turner,
of the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine. ‘These
came from the soil of a peach orchard and bear Turner No. 351.

This minute ant is characterized by its remarkably long,
subparallel sided head; extraordinarily large antennal club;
minute eyes; short but rather abundant pilosity; and the
somewhat subglobular postpetiole, which is of approximately
the same width as the petiole.

PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 9, DEC., 1942

211

Key ror Spreciric IDENTIFICATION oF Norra AMERICAN SOLENOPSIS

(DipLorHoptRuM) (WorKeErRs ONLY).

1. Head remarkably slender, with subparallel sides; eyes minute,
with only 1 or 2 distinct facets; (antennal club unusually large,
at least one and one-third times as long as remainder of funi-
culus; length 1.2-1.3 mm.; post-petiole appearing subglobular
from above). Tennessee, Mississippi... .longiceps, new species.

Shape of head and size of eye not as described above

2. Postpetiole appearing subglobular from above.

Postpetiole not appearing subglobular from above. . Al se

3. Head robust, subquadrate, its dorsal surface with coarse, stil ee
ous punctures; color varying from whitish to a sordid pale
yellow, or yellow; length 1.8-2 mm. North Carolina, South
Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana......

pergandei Forel.

Head distinctly longer than broad, its dorsal surface without
such numerous or coarse punctures; color deep yellow; length

[k8—28mime southwesternelvexasa sees see ss. salina Wheeler.

4. Head and gaster deep brown and usually much darker than thorax;
~ (punctures on head sparse, inconspicuous; antennal club large,

at least one and one-third times as long as remainder of funicu-

lus; body slender and of a Monomorium appearance; length
1.55-1.66 mm.); petiole, from above, with a narrow, compressed
appearance, the sides of the node not noticeably extended

(laterally) over the peduncle. Florida............ picta Emery.

Color of body and shape of petiole not as above..................

5. Epinotum, in profile, with at least the basal half flattened; length
OTE AiO eee ee ae hea tore, OE ROS Gibio, Woe bd ee
Epinotum im protle, rounded: length I—IS mim.) 224... ......26e-

6. Punctures on head exceedingly coarse; body very robust; color

deep yellow; (basal surface of epinotum much flattened); length

2-2.7 mm. Southwestern Texas..............ptlosula Wheeler.

Punctures on head not exceedingly coarse; body less robust; color
yellow; (antennal club slender, as long as or longer than remain-
der of funiculus); length 2.25-2.5 mm. Southern New Mexico..

krockowt Wheeler.

7. Postpetiole, from above, noticeably wider than petiole; (the node
very distinctly wider anteriorly than posteriorly); length 1.5—
Ute gnaNiT Th chase dus gordon eee rh cect © Cugeek Or VOTO IGG a cae ee i

Postpetiole scarcely wider than petiole; (color pale yellow); length

Tez iemairaaps exais)) feet oavecaasieistae cus nate edahe ey ahs texana Kmery.

8. Funicular segments 2, 3, and 4 of approximately the same length;
body length 1.8 mm. Distributed over most of the United States
but especially common in the eastern half........ molesta (Say)

Funicular segment 2 approximately as long as the combined
length of segments 3 and 4; body length 1.75 mm. Ontario,
Ganadarte erie crat aie te ert cha ators Sie Ass i ah rosella Kennedy.

212 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH., VOL. 44, NO. 9, DEC., 1942

MINUTES OF THE 531ST REGULAR MEETING OF THE ENTO-
MOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, NOVEMBER 5, 1942.

The 53lst regular meeting of the Society was held at 8 p. m., Thursday,
Nov. 5, 1942, in Room 43 of the National Museum. President Cory presided
and 24 members and 20 visitors attended. In the absence of the Acting Record-
ing Secretary, Dr. Alan Stone ascted a Recording Secretary and the minutes
of the previous meeting were read and approved.

Mr. Reece I. Sailer, Associate Entomologist, Bureau of Entomology and
Plant Quarantine, Washington, D. C., was unamiously elected to membership
in the Society.

Mr. Charles C. Hill, Entomologist, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quaran-
tine, Beltsville, Md., was reinstated as a member of the Society by a unanimous
vote.

President Cory appointed a nominating committee, which consisted of
R. A. Cushman, Chairman, and H. H. Richardson.

The President spoke of the recent death of W. S. Abbott and appointed
I. H. Siegler and L. J. Bottimer as a committee to prepare an obituary.

The regular program consisted of two papers as follows:

1. Observations on Hawaiian Ecology, by Howard P. Barss, Office of Ex-
periment Stations.

Dr. Barss discussed the great concentration of diverse ecological factors in
the Hawaiian Islands. He showed, by means of maps, the topography of
Oahu, Maui and Hawaii and discussed the ecological factors that restricted
the growing of certain crops to limited areas. The amounts of rainfall and
sunlight show a great range over a comparatively small area; for instance on
the island of Maui the rainfall varies from 8 to 10 inches at one location to
300 inches at another. Dr. Barss made particular mention of the Mediter-
ranean fruit fly in coffee and star apples. (Secretary’s abstract)

This talk was commented on by E. N. Cory and F. L. Campbell.

2. ‘Ticks and Disease, by Major C. B. Philip, Sanitary Corps, United States
Army.

Major Philip discussed the important role that ticks have played in disease
transmission from early times and mentioned many of the diseases and the
species of ticks that carry them. He showed a series of kodachrome slides of
a number of species of ticks. (Secretary’s abstract)

Major Philip’s talk was commented on by F. C. Bishopp and M. D. Leonard.

The following visitors were introduced to the Society: C. C. Hill, Captain
C. E. Peres, Lt. Irving Rappaport, L. S. Henderson, W. T. Haude, B. K.
Pancoast, Max Day and M. D. Leonard.

Adjournment at 10:00 p. m.

W. H. AnpERson,
Acting Recording Secretary.

INDEX TO VOLUME 44

Aenictus mentu, n. sp. 40

Amphimallon majalis (Razoumowsky),
third stage larva, description of, 111

Anochetus sudanicus, n. sp. 47.

Anopheles clarki, n. sp. 196.

Ant, apparently new, 59,

Ants, new, from Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, 40.

Anopheles albitarsis, and A. darlingi,
Status of, 122.

Antillormenis, n. gen., 157; A. flaviclavata,
n. sp., 158; cachibonae, n. sp.; sancti-
vincenti, n. sp., 159; Ilesia, n. gen.,
160; I. anguillana, n. sp., 161; bene-
volens, n. sp., 161; Ormenis jamai-
censis, n. sp., 162.

Apterygota, origin and classification of, 75.

Bovine, Apam G., article by, 113.

Brachycistidinae, new genus and species
of, 65.

Bucuanan, L. L., article by, 50.

Causey, O. R.; Deane, L. M., and Sam-
patio, Macuapo, article by, 122.

Cerapachyine ants, males of 2 species, 62.

Cerapachys (Parasyscia) davisi, n. sp., 64s

Cerapachys (C:)) pigra, m. sp., 41; GC.
sudonensis, n. sp., 42.

Chrysops, from Panama, notes on, 1.

Colocistis, n. gen., 65; C. pilosa, n. sp., 66.

Corresponding Secretary, report of, 12.

CrawForbd, J. C., article by, 140; 150.

CusuHamn, R. A., article by, 54.

Davis, ALonzo CLayTon, obituary, 34.

Eppy, Gaines W., article by, 145.

Empoasca, trap-light studies of, 69.

Entomological Society of Washington,
Minutes of 523rd regular meeting, 14;
524th meeting, 54; 525th meeting, 57;
526th meeting, 74; 527th meeting, 127;
528th meeting, 129; 529th meetings
183; 530th meeting, 186; 531st meeting,
214.

Euponera (Mesoponera) dentis, n. sp., 43;

E. (M.) flavopilosa, n. sp., 43.

Ewing, H. E., article by, 75.
Farrcuitp, G. B., article by, 1.

Fennag, R. G., article by, 99; 155.

Flatidae, West Indian, new genera and
species, 155.

Fouts, Rospert M., article by, 168.

Gauan, A. B., article by, 8.

Goniozus, new species from Oregon, 168;
G. gallicola, n. sp., 168.

Goon, Newe tt E., article by, 131.

213

Haemaphysalis leporis-palustris (Packard),
seasonal history in Oklahoma, 145.
Harmiston, F. C., and KnowtrTon, G. F.,
article by, 22.

Hernricw, Cart, article by, 50; 189.

Heterothrips, new on oak, 140; H. querci-
cola, 140.

Hippodamia, new species from Mexico;
H. koebeiei, n. sp., 39.

Idiogramma Foerster, synonymy of, 54.

Ixodes dentatus Marx, gynandromorphism
hay SG

Kinnaridae, new or little
Indian, 99.

Komp, W. H. W., article by, 195.

KromBein, Kart V., article by, 65.

Leptogenys (L.) maxillosa (F. Smith), L.
sericeus, n. sp., 46; africanus, n. Sp.,
47.

Leptothorax minutissimus, n. sp., 59.

McGrecor, E. A., article by, 26.

Merothrips Hood, new species from South
America, 150; M. plaumanni, n. SDs
mirus, n. sp., 152.

Muscoid fly, parasitic, from Texas, 17.

Odontocolon, new 180; O. poly-
morphum n. sp., 180; O. canadensis
(Provancher), new combination 182;
albotibialis (Bradley), new combina-
tion 182; aciculatus, new name 182.

Opthalmopone berthoud; Forel, pubescens,
n. sp., 42.
Odontomerus Gravenhorst, new name for;
with new species and notes, 179,
Orasema sp., oviposition and early stages
of, 142.

Parker, H.L., article by, 142.

Parker, J. B., article by, 205.

Ponera ambigua, n. sp., 46.

Prosotropis trinervosa, n. sp: LOU (Ps
rubiginosa, n. sp.,
n. sp., 103.

Psychophora, new from Hudson Bay
Region, 50; P. suttoni, n. sp., 50.

Quilessa n. gen., 103; Q. lutea, n. sp., 104;
gladiolata, n. sp., 104;
n. sp. 105.

Red spider, common, taxonomic status of,
26.

RHEINHARD, H. L., article by, 17.

Sarcophaga austinana, n. sp., 17.

Scuaus, Wix.1aM, obituary, 189.

Smitru, Carrot N., article by, 52.

West

known

nhame

102; marmorata,

maculata,

214 PROC. ENT. SOC. WASH.,

Smitu, Marion R., articles by, 59; 62; 209.
Solenopsis (D.) longiceps, n. sp., 210
Stenistomera, revaluation of genus with
new subgenus and_ species 131;
Stenistomera (Miochaeta) macrodac-
tylayneesp. lo.
Syntormon, three new, from western U. S.
22; S. kennedyi, n. sp., 23; utahensis,
n. sp., 24; oregonensis, n. sp., 25.
Tetrastichus bruchivorus, n. sp., 9.
TimBERLAKE, P. H., article by, 39.
Treasurer, report of for 1941, 11.

VOL. 44, NO. 9, DEC., 1942

Twiningia, revision of in America north
of Mexico, 169; T. fasciata, n. sp.,
171;, permista, n. sp., 172; pulla, n.
sp., 174; albacosta, n. sp., 174; grandis,
n. sp., 175; acuta n. sp., 176; areolata,
n. sp. 176; peticulata, n. sp. 178;
rubrafusca, n. sp., 178.

Vetch bruchid, chalcidoid parasite of, 8.

Wess, Jessie Leg, obituary, 31.

Weser, Neat A., article by, 40.

Xylocomesus Thatcher a curculionid, 50

Actual date of publication, Fanuary 5, 1943.

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Full text of "Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington"

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