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SME SONEAN INSTITUTION:
UINIAMEID) Siw AANSS, IN AIPIO UN AIG IMO S12 OMe
PROCEEDINGS
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Wrolinane lOO
PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.
WASHINGTON:
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.
1900.
JAN 117901
:
ADVERTISEMENT.
The extension of the scope of the National Museum during recent
years and the activity of the collectors employed in its interest have
caused a great increase in the amount of material in its possession.
Many of the objects gathered are of a novel and important character,
and serve to throw a new light upon the study of nature and of man.
The importance to science of prompt publication of descriptions of
this material led to the establishment, in 1878, of the present series
of publications, entitled ‘* Proceedings of the United States National
Museum,” the distinguishing peculiarity of which is that the articles
are published in pamphlet form as fast as completed and in advance of
the bound volume. The present volume constitutes the twenty-second
of the series.
The articles in this series consist: First, of papers prepared by the
“scientific corps of the National Museum; secondly, of papers by others,
founded upon the collections in the National Museum; and, finally,
of facts and memoranda from the correspondence of the Smithsonian
Institution.
The Bulletin of the National Museum, the publication of which was
commenced in 1875, consists of elaborate papers based upon the col-
lections of the Museum, reports of expeditions, ete., while the Pro-
ceedings facilitate the prompt publication of freshly acquired facts
relating to biology, anthropology, and geology, descriptions of restricted
groups of animals and plants, the discussion of particular questions
relative to the synonomy of species, and the diaries of minor expe-
ditions. .
Other papers of more general popular interest are printed in the
Appendix to the Annual Report.
Papers intended for publication in the Proceedings and Bulletin of
the National Museum are referred to the Advisory Committee on Pub-
lications, composed as follows: Frederick W. True (chairman), Marcus
“Benjamin (editor), James KE. Benedict, Otis T. Mason, Leonhard
‘Stejneger, and Lester F. Ward.
S. P. LAneLey,
Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.
Til
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
ASHMEAD, WiunutAM H. On the Genera of the Chalcid-flies
belonging to the Subfamily Encyrtine.—No. 1202. June
New genera: Tetralophidea, Meromyzobia, Tineophoctonus, Henico-
pygus, Tetralophiellus, Tetracnemopsis, Habrolepopteryx, Parencyrtus,
Chestomorpha, Hemenasius, Hemencyrtus, Coccophoctonus, Rhytido-
thorax, Ocencyrtus, Psyllephagus, Coccidencyrtus, Holcencyrtus,
Pseudencyrtus, Epiencyrtus, Syrphophagus, Aphidencyrtus, Zoomma,
Adelencyrtus, Zarhopalus, Parencyrtus.
New species: Tetralophidea bakeri, Meromyzobia flava, M. unifasciata,
Anagyrus pallidipes, Anusia neomexicana, Henicopygus subapterus,
Tetralophiellus brevicollis, Liothoran melanocera, Berecyntus flori-
danus, Parencyrtus brasiliensis, Spheropisthus annulicornis, Sphe-
ropisthus auriceps, Chestomorpha biformis, Anasius chapade,
Hemenasius confusus, Hemencyrtus herbertii, Coccophoctonus dacty-
lopui, Rhytidothoran marlatti, Isodromus niger, Isodromus atriventris,
Cerchysius elasmoceri, C. hubbardii, Microterys cincticornis, M. mar-
ginatus, Chrysoplatycerus howardi, Zahropalus sheldoni, Coccobius
diaspidis, Signiphora nigra, S. australiensis, S. dactylopti, S. noacki,
S. unifasciata, S. bifasciata, S. flavopalliata, S. occidentalis, S.
mexicuna, S. rhizococci, S. aleyrodis, S. coquilletti, S. aspidioti, S.
townsend.
CoqguiLLEeTT, D. W. Report on a Collection of Dipterous
Insects from Puerto Rico.—No. 1198. May 12, 1900
New genera: Ptilomyia, Stenomicra, Cladocheta.
New species: Belvosia luteola, Sarcophaga diversipes, Coenosia vari-
cornis, Notiphila virgata, Psilopa mellipes, Hydrellia gilvipes, Ptilomyia
enigma, Stenomicra angustala, Cladochexta nebulosa, Drosophila fusca,
Anthomysa nigrimana, Gaurax lancifer, Hippelates tener, Oscinis
obscura, Desmometopa halteralis, Ophthalmomyia cinerea.
Currie, Rorta P. A New Bird of Paradise.—No. 1204.
July 7, 1900
New species: Cincinmirus lyogyrus.
Page.
325-412
\
Wat CONTENTS.
Dati, WittramM H. Synopsis of the Solenide of North
America and the Antilles.—No. 1185. October 9, 1899__-
New species: Solen mexicanus, Ensis californicus, Tagelus poeyi.
GaNnrE, Henry Stewart. Some Neocene Corals of the United
States.— No. 1193. April 2051900 S22 =s eee ee eee
Hay, O. P. Descriptions of Two New Species of Tortoises
from the Tertiary of the United States.—No. 1181. Oc-
tober 1, L899. i. 222 Pe ae eee ee ee ea
Hay, W. P. Description of Two New Species of Crayfish. —
Nos 118%. © October Ld, 1.89 Gx Wisi es eee epee te pe oe
Ketioee, Vernon L. A List of the Biting Lice (Mallo-
phaga) taken from Birds and Mammals of North America.—
No. 1183. October 9) 1899) coe ee ae ee
KisHinouryk, K. Contributions to the Natural History of
the Commander Islands. XIIIJ.—A New Species of Stalked
Meduse, Haliclystus stejnegeri.—No. 1188. December
staal Gol ty Me mraiein eat UC oe el bs SSeS be
New species: Haliclystus stejnegert.
Osrrnorsur, Harry C. A List of the Birds collected by
Mr. R. P. Currie in Liberia.—No. 1182. October 9, 1899_
New genera: Horizocerus, Stelgidillas.
New species: Anthreptes idius, Frasia prosphora.
New subspecies: Dendromus caroli arizelus, Dicrurus modestus atactus.
——. Catalogue of a Collection of Birds from Madagas-
car. No, 1197 Ajoril 24a 00 ees ee Sela ae
Notes on Birds collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott in
Central Asia.—No. 1195. Ajpril 23,.090022225 =
New subspecies: Totanus totanus eurhinus.
——~. Notes on Birds from the Cameroons District, West
Atrica.—No. 1180; .Octobers(qalis 9 Ome = anne se ie ee
New genus: Furillas.
—. Notes on Some Birds from Santa Barbara Islands,
Coton, TON NSIoS Norell QR. GOO...
Page.
107-112
121-123
39-100
25-37
935-948.
205-22
co
J1=19
CONTENTS.
Ratupun, Mary J. The Decapod Crustaceans of West
wien NOOO. May 12, 190085 v2 EL el :
New species: Clibanarius cooki.
RICHARDSON, Harriet. Description of a New Species of
_Idotea from Hakodate Bay, Japan.—No. 1189. February
New species: Jdotea japonica.
RicumMonp, CHARLES W. Description of a New Bird of the
GenusMendrormis:— No: 1200, May 12, 1900 --.-- 2 .-
New species: Dendrornis striatigularis.
Descriptions of Three New Birds from Lower
Site NOs LOI ee Mave TO. 1900 fs es Seek yeaa eS
New species: ithopyga anomala, Criniger sordidus, Turdinulus granti.
SCHUCHERT, CHARLES. On the Lower Silurian (Trenton)
Hauna-ot Battin Wand.—No; 1192.) April 9, 1900... -__- —_
New species: Plasmopora lambu, Porocrinus shawi, Cienodonta carpen-
deri, C. baffinensis, C. frobisherensis, Modiolodon arcticus, Whiteavesia
symmetricus, Cyrtodonta sillimanensis, Vanuxemia baffinensis, Whitella
arcticus, Seelya (?) ( Plethospira?) ulrichi, Holopea arctica, Orthoceras
porteri, Orthoceras scalariformis, Cyrtoceras cornulum, C. baffinensis,
Oncoceras arcticum, O. tumidwm, Dalmanites (Pterygometopus)
goodridgii.
New varieties: Orthis (Dinorthis) meedsi var. arctica, Orthoceras olorus
var. baffinensis.
Smpson, CHARLES TorREY. Synopsis of the Naiades, or
131-134
319-321
143-177
Pearly Fresh-water Mussels.—No. 1205. October 8, 1900_501-1044
New genera: Pseudospatha, Chamberlainia, Pilsbryoconcha, Dromus,
Pegias, Arcidens, Shistodesmus, Gibbosula, Cuneopsis, Physunio,
Dalliella, Ptychorhynchus, Virgus, Ctencdesma, Rectidens, Lamelli-
dens, Pseudavicula, Arcidopsis, Castaliella, Callonaia.
New subgenera: Pilea, Caudiculatus, Pletholophus, Crassitesta, Pseu-
doin, Ptychoderma, Pressodonta, Rugifera, Bullella, Lamprotula,
Discomya, Aurora, Pseudobaphia, Acuticosta, Lamellidens, Trape-
zoideus, Spathopsis, Triquetrana, Hyriana, Cyclomya, Levirostris,
Pseudomutela.
New species: Diplodon leai, Glabaris umbonatus, falsus.
New varieties: Truncilla sulcata var. delicata, Lampsilis ligamentinus
var. gibbus, Lampsilis texasensis var. compressus, Tritogonia tuber-
culata var. obesa, Unio gibbosus var. delicatus, Pleurobema fassinans
var. rhomboidea, Cyprogenia irrorata var. pusilla, Quadrula kirtlandi-
ana var. minor, Quadrula coccinea var. paupercula, Quadrula gran-
ifera var. pusilla.
VIII CONTENTS.
Srpson, CHarLES TorrEy—Continued.
New sections: Lapidosus, Micronaias, Plethobasus, Fusconaia, Cylin-
drica, Radiatula, Cafferia, Physunio, Lens, Suborbiculus, Bineurus,
Nasus, Obovalis, Cyclomya, Bulloideus, Virgulus.
New names: Lampsilis binominatus, Lampsilis lividus, Hyriopsis biala-
tus, Quadrula kowangensis, Quadrula similaris, Quadrula ovata,
Nodularia jickeli, Lamellidens canefrianus, Trapezoideus peninsularis,
Diplodon wagnerianum, Diplodon aureus, Diplodon cuprinus, Spatha
lacustris, Glabaris philippianus, Lamellidens marginalis var. hanley?.
Smitn, Joun B. New Species of Nocturnal Moths of the
Genus Campometra, and Notes.—No. 1184. October 9,
WSOO oe ee EE ol Sa rn
New species: Campometra bilineata, C. cinetipalpis, C. fraterna, C.
minor.
A Hundred New Moths of the Family Noctuidee.—
NO 120380 July 14 O00) 2 eae wl See
New genera: Copibryophila, Selicanis, Anepischetos, Diallagma, Narth-
ecophora, Palada, Parora.
New species: Arsilonche colorada, Chytonix semifascia, Copibryophila
angelica, Setagrotis quebecensis, Setagrotis radiatus, Carneades pug-
ionis, C. nevada, C. contagionis, C. loya, C. flaviscapula, C. excogita,
C. exvculta, C. nevulus, C. megastigma, C. stigmatalis, C. termessus,
C. enteridis, C. atropulverea, C. compressipennis, C. falverina, C.
vallus, C. sessile, C. relaxus, C. luteositus, C. tocoye, C. incubita,
C. terrenus, C. territorialis, C. fulda, C. itodes, C. laggane, C. ontario,
C. testula, C. difformis, C. dakota, C. holoberba, C. kerrvillei, C. terna-
rius, C. noctuiformis, C. imtrusa, C. neotelis, C. atrofusca, C. objurgata,
C. cariosus, C. malis, C. pindar, C. henrietta, C. vanidicus, C. feemi-
nalis, C. nordica, C. factoris, C. cxsius, C. acutifrons, C. selenis, C.
laminis, Anytus atristrigatus, Mamestra senatoria, M. rainierti, M.
bolteri, M. yakima, M. dilatata, M. florida, M. roseosuffusa, M.
griseata, Hadena tapeta, H. luteocinerea, H. mustelina, H. jocasta,
FT. tela, Polia extincta, P. acera, P. dispar, P. ochracea, Perigea
lucetta, P. cervina, P. texana, P. consors, Caradrina leucorena, Homo-
hodena candida, Oncocnemis ciliata, Trichopolia serrata, Leucania
velutina, Himella quadristigma, Selicanis cinereola, Anepischetos bipar-
lita, Diallagma lutea, Heliodes angelica, H. restrictalis, Narthecophora
pulverea, Palada scarletina, Schinia reniformis, S. oculata, S. ciliata,
Tripudia balieata, T. luxuriosa, Paroratecana, Synedoida subtermina,
Antiblemma minorata, A. fasciata, Bomolocha vega.
Srarks, Epwarp CHapin. The Osteological Characters of
the Fishes of the Suborder Percesoces.—No. 1179. Octo-
ber 7, 1899
The Osteology and Relationship of the Peorcidean
Page.
LOMSLOS
415-495
1-10
Fish, Dinolestes Lewini.—No. 1186. October 11, 1899__. 113-120
CONTENTS.
STEARNS, Ropert E. C. List of Shells collected by Vernon
Bailey in Heron and Eagle Lakes, Minnesota, with Notes.— ©
IN@. MOO, > Ay arerlisre a0 Oe ae cee a ne a
Description of a New Variety of Haliotis from Cal-
ifornia, with Faunal and Geographical Notes.—No. 1191.
AXTOPIL Go, WOOO sess eee eS SN ah aan ee ere ee
Vaueuan, T. Waytanp. A New Fossil Species of Caryo-
phyllia from California, and a New Genus and Species of
Turbinolid from Japan.—No. 1194. April 20, 1900_____-
New genus: Levipalifer.
New species: Caryophyllia arnoldi, Levipatifer orientalis.
OMS
39-142
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
TEXT FIGURES.
Page.
Carapace, antennal scale, and first abdominal appendages of male of Cambarus
[RUOBOS = 32: 4.clb BSG ES SOOO ACPI SEE SS ee een ae ee 121
Carapace, chela, and annulus ventralis of Cambarus clypeatus .........--------- 122
Rela iGh Sis Esta) NCOETI, DC WaSPCCleS. SIGE VICW ta s= 6.2 = sels ee eee cece eee eee 126
Haliclystus stejnegeri, new species. View from the oval side ..............--.--- ey
- SACIYSRIS: SCIMQU ibs 52S S RAR OO A ee A IS SEIS re aaa eg ee 128
LE OG: JORDOINUCUE 5B Ss pra Be BO casi RR Sieger Se et les a ge ee a ee 132
Idotea ochotensis .... - EEO LES TI SEE SES I a ar ee 132
Antenna of second pair of Jdotea japonica (a); CDSE of second pair of Jdotea
DEMOUOGID ((O)\ os al iene ah OE SONG sets SSN ete Aiea eed lee eine ee 132
Opercular valve of Idotea ochotensis (a); opercular valve of Idotea japonica (b) .. 132
Abdomen of Jdotea japonica (a); abdomen of Jdotea ochotensis (b); abdomen of
JV GRBG: POCIMEROTID CO) ies oA So fs is ONS AI SEI ee a a a 133
Leg of second pair of Idotea japonica (a); leg of second pair of Idotea ocho-
CUBS (O) cs cheb iS ee grees at eee gta ea Rene ene 133
Picnamiavicwrol Slllmans fossil mount < 2 5.260 eee eae eke 145
A near view of Sillimans fossil mount...--- ia HEE SNe ease ia Sep cea Bag 146
Clibanarius cooki. Front and cephalic appendages, dorsal view...--..--------.- 305
Ghbanorius cook, Lett leg of second pair, outer face. ....2-.+---2--2.2-25----- 305
PLATES.
J]
Facing page.
1. Superior views of crania of (1) Sphyrena argentea, (2) Atherinopsis californi-
CSS». DONS) MACE CTONHMS = tans Hoth ocase teks ada eee ae eae eerete 10
2. Lateral views of crania of (1) Sphyrena argentea, (2) Atherinopsis californien-
SIS, BING, (B) WONG GAONHMIS Ts cae eo dco dooS aod CoS we eee eae aaee a eyes 10
3. Posterior views of crania of (1) Sphyrena argentea, (2) Atherinopsis californi-
GNSS, (BS) MAGE CFOS BAe BE ANS Aer Ae cee WADE SG SRE AO anes 10
4, JElOchmGnnis. SORIONGHI es Ba eaeacucasac6 soso sb 2 bone ob aoe eee eee eee 24
G. AlGRGROMUCHODIS WAG NCH SS NS BE Geos ae a BBO e Se Ge aes Ae ee eee rer 24
PeNCOUUT A NOO-LOOm, binds (Centropus senegalensis) == 622 92.25. 522.22 2222.2 38
SUPE ulOcevilew OlacramiumuolMDinolestes lenin; 9.352282. 52 120
Omeateraleviewaor cramiumyoreMimolestes lewis. 8252282524522. oo ee 120
HieePosterion wwew ot cranium’ of Dinolestes lewint | .-2-..---22--5--2--5-5-65+ 120
WL, LD UCU ASIAS UCU SE Cs less ies es aS AE ae a ei en ne a 120
12, Fossils itzoan Swllbtaneing) mooi oss bau eecs ss bse ee tw eadooesaguseceedeusaeee 178
ibanelecypodsmrom sillimanc mountM ess sece 4. het ee 178
Ee Cepnalopods arom, silllmansmOUmt!sacssssei 2-6 see eel ee eee 178
ibmNCOceMe-condic or taenWimibedystabes= 9-40-2425 2e- seca le ace oes Sse se 198
GRIN wat um oimolidhcorall see iarytes n= ee eke a ee Stee icine ea 204
Pew Cy ndmolymaracisewee sts ee Bai sae e Y Ne Ss ere isl tc 500
18. Map showing the distribution of pearly fresh-water mussels -_......------ 504
ERRATA.
Page 509, line 21, for varicosa read cicatricosa.
Page 516, before Heterogenze insert Exobranchie.
Page 548, line 36, Unio striatus Sowerby should be preceded by a mark of
interrogation.
Page 559, line 6 from the bottom, for L. prevostianus read U. prevostianus.
Page 591, line 3, for Lampsilis read Medionidus.
Page 648, omit 8th and 9th lines from the bottom.
Page 719, Unio striatulus Lea and U. amabilis Lea should be placed in the Argenteus
group of Pleurobema.
Page 760, last line, for bigbyana read bigbyensis.
Page 766, line 6 om bottom, for poultice read heros.
Page 802, omit line 8.
Page 806, line 19, for eequitoria read eequatoria.
Page 823, lines 10 and 11, for equitoria read sequatoria.
Page 825, omit lines 8 and 9.
Page 851, line 27, for incertus read murinus.
Page 862, omit line 31.
Page 894, ont line 28.
Page 906, 13th and following lines, for Chelidoneura read Chelidonura.
Page 933, ont lines 16 and 17.
XII
THE OSTEOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF THE FISHES OF
THE SUBORDER PERCESOCES.
By EDWIN CHAPIN STARKS,
Assistant Professor in the Department of Biology and Curator of the Museum, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
A study of the skeletons of several representatives of the families
Atherinide, Mugilide, and Sphyrenidie, which are grouped together
under the suborder Percesoces, reveals the fact that they are not so
closely allied to each other as their external similarity would lead one
to suppose.
The specimens from which my observations were made are adult
examples of Atherinopsis califormensis, Menidia notata, Mugil cephalus,
and Sphyrena argentea.
In examining the crania of these species attention is attracted at
once to the fact that in all of them the epiotics are developed into long,
thin processes which divide into more or less bristlelike filaments.
There is little else in purely internal characters whereby to differen-
tiate these families as a group from other Acanthopteri. In order to
So differentiate them we must turn to the well-known external charac-
ters—a spinous dorsal in conjunction with the abdominal ventral fins,
high pectoral fins, and unarmed opercles.
If, however, we eliminate the Sphyrenide (which, on account of its
fanglike teeth, set in deep sockets, its separate superior pharyngeals
of third and fourth branchial arches, its lack of parapophyses on ante-
rior vertebrae, and other characters, we may well be justified in doing)
and place it in a separate superfamily coordinate with that in which
we place the Mugilide and Atherinids, we shall then have remaining
a more compact group, notwithstanding the great difference in number
of vertebre in the two tamilies of which it is composed.
In it we find the parapophyses developed on all the abdominal ver-
tebre, the anterior neural spines flattened, wide and thin, the supra-
clavicle very small, the superior pharyngeals of each side of the third
and fourth branchial arches anchylosed, and the teeth small, not fang-
like and set in sockets.
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. XXII—No. 1179.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 1 1
aD PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
DIAGNOSIS OF THE SUBORDER PERCESOCES.
&
Two dorsal fins, the first spinous and more or less remote from the
second; ventral fins abdominal, with 1 spine and 5 rays; third and
fourth superior pharyngeals of each side separate or anchylosed; lower —
pharyngeals separate; pectorals elevated, nearly on a level with upper
part of clavicle; epiotics of adult produced backward and more or
less divided into bristlelike filaments; myodome present, opened or
closed posteriorly; opercles unarmed; parietals separated by supra-
occipital; supraoccipital crest developed posteriorly, not extending
above level of balance of cranium; postclavicle of superior and inferior
parts; anterior interhemal not differentiated; epipleurals present;
coronoid bone present;' suborbital ring without suborbital shelf.
DIAGNOSIS OF THE SUPERFAMILY ATHERINOIDEA.
Cleft of mouth not wide; teeth, when present, small, not set in sock-
ets; maxillary without supplemental bone; third and fourth superior
pharyngeals of each side anchylosed; supraclavicle reduced in size;
lower limb of posttemporal attached to opisthotic by ligament or suture;
exoccipitals not meeting above basioccipital; alisphenoids not meet-
ing; ethmoid normal, not overlying prefrontals and vomer or extend-
ing to lateral edge of rostrum; anterior neural spines laterally tlattened ;
parapophyses developed on all abdominal vertebre.
DIAGNOSIS OF THE FAMILY ATHERINIDA.
Lower limb of post-temporal attached to opisthotic by ligament;
basisphenoid developed; myodome opening to exterior posteriorly;
region about foramen magnum not produced; superior pharyngeals
typical in shape, bearing teeth; vertebree numerous, from 45 to 52;
first dorsal with from 3 to 8 spines; anal with 1 spine.
DIAGNOSIS OF THE FAMILY MUGILIDZ.
Lower limb of post-temporal attached to cranium by dentate suture;
basisphenoid absent; myodome not opening to exterior posteriorly;
foramen magnum region produced; superior pharyngeals of complex
shape, not bearing teeth; vertebre few in number, about 24; first
dorsal with about 4 spines; anal with 2 or 3 spines.
‘This character seems to have been made too much of by the systematists and not
enough of by the anatomists. Whether it is homologous with the coronoid as it
occurs in some reptiles, or is one of the osteological peculiarities common to fishes,
or whether it is developed with age, being the ossified end of the ligament that is
attached to it, I will not attempt to say with the material at hand. The last sup-
position seems to be the least tenable, since the ossification is not a gradual transi-
tion from cartilage to bone, as we would expect in that case, but takes the form of a
distinct bone larger than the end of the ligament. I find it present in nearly every
species examined (my material being adult examples), among them the following
miscellaneous genera: Amiurus, Cyprinus, Lucius, Alosa, Holocentrus, Pomoxys, Lobotes,
Roccus, Caranx, Archosargus, Neomeanis, Tautoga, Pomatomus, Rachycentron, Scorpe-
nichthys, Lopholatilus, Melanogrammus, and Gadus.
NO. 1179. CHARACTERS OF PERCESOCES—STARKS. 3
DIAGNOSIS OF THE SUPERFAMILY SPHYRANOIDEA.
.Cleft of mouth wide; teeth fanglike, some of them set in deep sock-
ets, large teeth on palatines; maxillary with supplemental bone; third
and fourth superior pharyngeals separate; supraclavicle not reduced
in size; lower limb of post-temporal not attached to opisthotic by
suture; exoccipitals not meeting above basioccipital; alisphenoids
meeting; ethmoid a thin plate, entirely supeiior, extending to and
forming edge of rostrum; anterior neural spines normal; parapophyses
not developed on anterior vertebra.
The characters of the family Sphyrenide are included in the fore-
going diagnosis.
OSTEOLOGY OF ATHERINOPSIS CALIFORNIENSIS.
Exoccipitals not meeting above basioccipital, thus leaving the latter
to form floor of foramen magnum.
Basioccipital and exoccipitals not much produced posteriorly.
Supraoccipital crest not projecting above superior level of skull; its
posterior edge somewhat broken up and ragged.
Parietals widely separated by supraoccipital.
Epiotics produced backward, spreading out into thin, flat, horizontal
processes, which are much divided and ragged, though scarcely “ bristle-
like,” asin Mugil and Sphyrena. ~
Opisthotics with a projection to which lower limb of post-temporal is
attached by ligament. —
Pteroties extending back as thin horizontal shelves of bone.
Sphenotics weli developed, their front edge continuous with edge of
frontals.
Alisphenoids not meeting.
Anterior opening into brain case large.
Basisphenoid well developed, wholly in front of basis cranii and not
continuous with it. Supported directly by prootics and slightly by
alisphenoids. Its process strongly joined to parasphenoid, extending
posteriorly into myodome.
Myodome large, opening to the exterior at its posterior end through
a small foramen at end of parasphenoid.
Vomer convex on lower surface; its anterior edge produced at the
middle; trilobate in the young and pierced by a network of holes.
Hthmoid wholly superior, being a simple, flat, thin bone supported
at its anterior edge by vomer and sending some slender filaments of
bone under frontals. The large space beneath it is filled by cartilage.
Frontals extending well back over about half of superior portion of
supraoccipital.
Metapterygoid united to hyomandibular by a deeply dentate suture.
Pterygoid very much reduced in size—a mere splint of bone.
Bones of opercular apparatus large.
Opercular sending a spine forward in front of hyomandibular.
4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
Dentary without the typical cavity into which the meckelian cartilage
and end of articular runs anteriorly.
Angular present.
Coronoid bone present.
Post-temporal not especially firmly attached. Upper limb attached
to base of epiotic process, the outer side rather loosely to pterotic proc-
ess. The thin, flat lower limb attached to process from opisthotic by
a short ligament.
Supraclavicle very short, its upper end scarcely reaching above
upper end of clavicle.
Hypercoracoid placed high on clavicle. Its foramen as described
under Mugil.
Hypercoracoid at upper end more broadly joined to clavicle than that
of Mugil. Its lower end attached to a high median vertical wing
between inner and outer edge of clavicle.
Actinosts very short, two joined to each the hypocoracoid and hyper-
coracoid. Two or fines upper rays of pector al fin working directly on
hypercoracoid.
Postelavicle cousisting of a superior and inferior part.
Pelvic bones higher than wide. A’ spinelike process sent upward
from the outer edge of each of them.
Interneurals of spinous dorsal compressed into thin plates without
descending spines between the neural spines. First and second inter-
neurals not fused. eS
Interneurals of soft dorsal with spines between the neural spines as
usual. In front of them an auxiliary interneural is attached.
Front of anal fin free under abdominal cavity.
Interhemals subequal, growing slightly longer anteriorly. The first
not differentiated.
Three basibranchials present, united to each other by sutures.
Suspensory pharyngeal! of first branchial arch present.
Second arch? with a small toothed superior pharyngeal.
Superior pharyngealsof third and fourth arches fused into a large ellip-
tical bone. A transverse groove or suture is present, probably indicat-
ing separate pharyngeals of the third and fourth arches in the young.
Hyoid apparatus typical.
Branchiostegals six; all attached to outer surface of ivi
Nasals present; thin and short.
Suborbital ring apparently not complete, one bone besides preorbital
being at anterior end and one at posterior, while directly beneath eye
there are no, bones in evidence.
Premaxillary wide at its lower end, while maxillary is subequal
throughout its length, which is a transposition of the usnal condition.
Maxillary without supplemental bone.
ieee so called Necanee its Geinethon is peel that a suspending the iene
arches from the cranium. It is typically styloform and toothless.
2One side only of branchial arches considered in describing superior pharyngeals.
No. 1179. CHARACTERS OF PERCESOCES—STARKS. 5
Vertebre, in number, with hypural, 52. In another specimen, 50.
Impossible to draw a line between abdominal and caudal vertebre.
Twenty-fifth and succeeding posterior vertebrie with an arch between
each pair of parapophyses, behind which parapophyses gradually
become longer, thinner, and wider, till at the thirty-fourth their tips
approach each other and touch, forming a gradually decreasing tunnel
continued to the forty-first, where it becomes obsolete. This tunnel
is probably for reception of posterior end of air bladder. Only those
vertebre from the forty-first backward have typical hzmal spines.
Anterior neural spines, flattened into thin plates, much as in Mugil.
Parapophyses on all abdominal vertebre, including atlas. Subequal
in size and directed at about the same angle.
Superior anterior and posterior parapophyses normally developed;
not with spines, as in Mugil.
Inferior posterior zygapophyses developed on a few of the middle
vertebre.
Hypural assisted in supporting caudal fin by spines of next preced-
ing four or five vertebre.
Ribs transversely flattened.
Epipleurals present, typical.
OSTEOLOGY OF MUGIL CEPHALUS.
Cranium short and broad, its upper surface smooth and convex.
Exoccipitals not meeting above basioccipitals, thus leaving the latter
to form floor of foramen magnum.
Exoccipitals and basioccipitals produced backward, elongating the
foramen magnum tunnel-like.
Supraoccipital crest produced backward, somewhat broken up or
ragged posteriorly. Not extending above superior level of skull.
Parietals widely separated by supraoccipital.
Epiotics produced far backward, spreading out into thin, flat, hori-
zontal processes which divide into bristlelike filaments.
Opisthotics sending back a rod of boue to which lower limb of post-
temporal is united by suture.
Pterotics extending backward farther than usual as thin, fiat projec-
tions.
Sphenoties well developed, forming large lateral projections from side
of cranium. A short distance in front of them the frontals are later-
ally produced, leaving deep conspicuous notches over orbital region.
Alisphenoids not meeting.
Anterior opening into brain case large.
Basisphenoid absent.
Myodome present, not opening to exterior at its posterior end. The
anterior edge of basis cranii some distance back from mouth of anterior
opening into brain case.
Yomer divided anteriorly into two prominent horns by a deep
rounded notch.
6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
Ethmoid almost directly above vomer, similarly indented, but by a
shallower notch.
Frontals not extending very far back, exposing underlying supra-
occipital nearly to its anterior end, which reaches about middle of
cranium.
Pterygoid reduced in size. Suspensorium otherwise typical.
Bones of opercular apparatus all large.
Opercular rolled over toward cranium at upper edge.
Cavity in dentary for reception of articular not large.
Coronoid bone well developed.
Angular present.
Dentary becoming slender anteriorly.
Post-temporal very firmly attached. Its upper fork attached broadly
to a rough surface at base of epiotic process. Lower fork attached
to process of opisthotic by very deeply dentate suture, forming an
integral rod of nearly uniform size from opisthotic to distal end of
posttemporal. Suture at about middle of rod. At posterior end of
posttemporal at base of forks the long pterotic process is strongly
fastened, thus forming a tripod attachment for shoulder girdle, mak-
ing post-temporal wholly immovable.
Supraclavicle so small that it admits upper end of clavicle to nearly
reach to a level with lower end of posttemporal.
Clavicle with a downward-hooked process on inner anterior edge.
Hypercoracoid placed high on clavicle. Its foramen, though wholly
contained within hypercoracoid, is so near its forward edge that it
deeply notches edge of overlying clavicle.
Hypocoracoid falciform, Its inner upper corner but slightly touch-
ing clavicle, thence curving quickly away and only weakly attaching
to it at its long lower end.
Actinosts short; three joined to hypercoracoid, one to hypocoracoid.
Pectoral fin placed high on shoulder girdle, two or three of its upper
rays working directly on hypercoracoid.
Postelavicle of two pieces. The superior typically lamellate, the
inferior rodlike, large, and strongly curved inward.
From the under side of the pubic bones near their union each sends
a long slender bone forward, which tapers to a hairlike process.
First interneural of spinous dorsal enlarged and divided into two
spines, though supporting only one dorsal spine.
Interneurals of soft dorsal slender and subequal.
First interhzemal of anal enlarged very slightly, though not elon-
gated, and supporting two anal spines. Interhemals graduated from
behind forward.
Front of anal not free under abdomen.
In front of spinous dorsal are two peculiar supernumerary interneurals
composed of two long, slender, contiguous splints of bone placed hori-
zoutally. At the middle of each a fork is sent down between the
Second and third and fourth and fifth neural spines respectively.
No. 1179. CHARACTERS OF PERCESOCES—STARKS. ff
Apparently but two basi branchials ossified; both in front of third
areh, the hypobranchials of which meet on a median line.
Suspensory pharyngeal represented only by a nodule of cartilage.
First epibranchial typical. The three succeeding ones of complex
shape, somewhat turned back upon themselves with many curves and
processes.
To superior part of second epibranéhial a rather thick triangular
superior pharyngeal is attached.
Superior! to all else is a large pharyngobranchial of very complex
shape. Itis attached to and above the last three epibranchials and
even to and above pharyngobranchial of second arch. It is doubtless
the anchylosed pharyngobranchials of third and fourth arches. Tor
ease of describing, it may be said to consist of a superior and an
inferior part. The inferior, to which the epibranchials are attached,
runs straight back to last arch. Springing from its anterior end a thin,
imperforate, saucer-shaped superior bone arches widely over it, project-
ing both laterally and posteriorly. This upper part is further supported
at its middle, umbrellalike, by a ray of bone sent up from posterior
end of inferior part.
Hyoid apparatus typical in number and arrangement of elements.
Branchiostegals six, two attached to epihyal, four to ceratohyal; all
attached to outer surface of hyoid.
Maxillary and premaxillary rather narrow and slight. Premaxillary
widened at lower end, and without supplemental bone. Respective
sides of maxillary rather widely separated by unusually wide processes
of premaxillary sent backward at its symphysis.
Nasals short and quadrangular in shape.
Suborbitals forming a narrow ring, through which is the usual sensory
canal.
Preorbital triangular, its lower edge sharply dentate.
Vertebral formula: Abdominal 11, caudal 12, which, with the hypural,
number 24.
First five vertebre with neural spines flattened laterally and forming
a more or less continuous crest.
Parapophyses very large; wide and thin at the edges. Developed
on all abdominal vertebrae, growing gradually larger and more nearly
horizontal anteriorly, until the third is reached, thence scarcely dimin-
ishing in size to the atlas. :
A process developed from each anterior zygapophysis, which is anky-
losed with its fellow of the opposite side, forming an arch over neural
cord, and extending obliquely forward to neural spine.
A spine developed from each posterior zygapophysis pointing
obliquely backward and overlapping outer edge of that from anterior
zy gapophysis.
1The arches described as straightened out for examination, not as in natural posi-
tion with the supericr pharyngeals turned downward.
8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
Inferior zygapophyses developed as large spines, each anterior spine
the longer and pointing obliquely forward; each posterior pointing
obliquely backward at right angles, meeting it at its middle.
Hypural assisted in supporting caudal fin by spines of two preceding
vertebre and two auxiliary spines substituting neural spine of first
preceding vertebra.
First rib very small, placed’ on second vertebra. Second, two or
three times as long and abruptly widened at its upper end. Others
normal.
Four epipleurals only present. First placed on first vertebra, unac-
companied by arib. Other three on first three ribs.
OSTEOLOGY OF SPHYRAINA ARGENTEA.
Cranium elongate and narrow, forming a narrow isosceles triangle, as
viewed from above.
Supraoccipital scarcely interposed between exoccipitals. Its crest
extending far back as a thin plate of bone, dividing into numerous
bristle-like filaments.
Exoccipitals meeting above basioccipital, completely surrounding
foramen magnum.
Exoccipitals and basioccipital produced backward, elongating fora-
men magnum, which runs tunnel-like into brain cavity.
Parietals widely separated by supraoccipital, their posterior ends
overlapping epioties.
Epiotics extending backward in bristle-like filaments similar to
supraoccipital.
Upper limb of posttemporal firmly attached to upper part of epiotic
process rather than to main part of bone.
Opisthotics sending a spinelike process backward, to base of which
lower limb of post-temporal rather loosely attaches itself by ligament.
Prootics produced anteriorly in a spinelike process.
Sphenotics large, separated from frontal at middle portion by a large
foramen.
Alisphenoids meeting at their upper edges. They restrict the anterior
opening into brain case to a comparatively small foramen.
Basisphenoid present, a foramen between it and basis cranii, its
descending process reaching to and broadly attaching to parasphenoid.
Myodome present, not opening to exterior at posterior end.
Vrontals elongate, covering two-thirds of length of skull.
Prefrontals very elongate, the olfactory foramen within their poste-
rior fourth.
Ethmoid entirely superior in position, overlying anterior part of pre-
frontals and posterior part of vomer, forming edge of rostrum between
prefrontals and vomer.
Nasals long, channeled rods of bone fully one third length of cranium
firmly attached in a groove between frontals and prefrontals and con-
tinued along upper part of ethmoid and vomer.
No. 1178. CHARACTERS OF PERCESOCES—STALKS. 8)
Suborbital ring formed of a very large preorbital and the usual chain
of small suborbitals tunneled with sensory canal.
Bones of suspensorium and opercular apparatus typical in their rela-
tive positions.
Palatine process very strong and heavy, its lower edge sharp, sup-
porting a single row of teeth.
Metapterygoid rather thick, united by suture for whole length of its
attachment with hyomandibular. No foramen between.
Symplectic attached to metapterygoid at its upper end by subdentate
suture.
Angular present, rather small.
Coronoid bone well developed.
Maxillary and premaxillary so attached to each other as to allow
little play between them. Maxillary with a well developed supplemental
bone which bears a knob on its posterior edge.
Teeth of palatine and jaws, except anterior teeth of lower jaw and
premaxillary, set deep in grooves, which are subdivided for each tooth
forming semisockets.' The exceptions noted isolated and set in true
sockets. The rooted portion of each tooth as great or greater than the
exposed portion.
Clavicle turning forward at an angle slightly above pectoral fin.
Pectoral superior in position, its upper ray working directly npon
hypercoracoid.
Actinosts moderate in size, all attached to hypercoracoid except half
of lower one.
Hypercoracoid barely touching clavicle at its upper end, arching
widely away from it and strongly attaching to it at its lower end. At
its upper superior portion a process projects backward past end of
actinosts.
Postclavicle consisting of two parts.
Supraclavicle of moderate size.
Hypohyals united to ceratohyals by sutures.
Glossohyal rod-like, rather stout and elongate.
Urohyal divided into three long processes extending backward beyond
posterior ends of branchiostegals. These subdivided into bristle-like
filaments.
Branchiostegals seven in number.
Basibranchials three in number, the anterior one in front of that of
first arch, the posterior ones supporting both second and third arches.
Superior pharyngeals four, including the moderate suspensory
pharyngeal, the two posterior forming an elongate ovate patch, but not
anchylosed.
First two interneurals of spinous dorsal not anchylosed, as is com-
monly the case.
‘Somewhat similar to the posterior teeth in the jaws of a crocodile.
10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
Interhemals evenly graduated in length from behind forward, the
anterior one not differentiated.
Vertebral formula: Abdominal, 13; caudal, 11, which, with the hypu-
ral, are 24. ;
Atlas short, the succeeding vertebrie elongate and rather smooth,
without deep pits, and much constricted in the middle.
Anterior and posterior zygapophyses well developed.
Parapophyses not developed anterior to ninth vertebra.
Evidence apparent of hypural having been developed from two pos-
terior vertebre.
Hypural assisted in bearing caudal fin by spines from two preceding
vertebra and some detached auxiliary spines taking the place of neural
spine of first preceding vertebra. .
Lateral processes from hypural large and flat, forming a keel.
Last pair of ribs firmly anchylosed with last pair of parapophyses.
Epipleurals present.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
SIGNIFICANCE OF REFERENCE LETTERS USED ON PLATES.
[From drawings by Chloe Lesley Starks. }
als. Alisphenoid. pas. Parasphenoid.
bo. Basioccipital. p. Parietal.
bs. Basisphenoid. pro. Prootie.
epo. UEpiotie. pto. Pterotic.
e. Ethmoid. pf. Prefrontal.
eo. Exoccipital. spo. Sphenotic.
fr. Frontal. so. Supraoccipital.
na. Nasal. v. Vomer. ;
opo. Opisthotic.
PLATE I.
Superior views of the crania of Sphyrena argentea, Atherinopsis californiensis, and
Mugil cephalus.
PuatE II.
Lateral views of the crania of Sphyrewna argentea, Atherinopsis californiensis, and
Mugil cephalus.
Pirate III.
Posterior views of the crania of Sphyrena argentea, Atherinopsis californiensis, and
Mugil cephalus. :
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LATERAL VIEWS OF CRANIA OF (1) SPHYRAENA ARGENTEA, (2) ATHERINOPSIS
CALIFORNIENSIS, AND (3) MUGIL CEPHALUS.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 10.
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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXII PL. Ill
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POSTERIOR VIEWS OF CRANIA OF (1) SPHYRAENA ARGENTEA, (2) ATHERINOPSIS
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FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 10.
NOTES ON BIRDS FROM THE CAMEROONS DISTRICT,
WEST AFRICA.
By Harry C. OBERHOLSER,
Assistant Biologist, Department of Agriculture.
The U.S. National Museum has recently acquired a small collection
of birds made by Mr. G. L. Bates in the Cameroons District of West
Africa. At the request of the curator of the Division of Birds the
writer has prepared the following report upon this collection which,
though it contains no novelties, comprises several species of consider-
able interest; and the data from the labels has been supplemented by
such critical remarks upon the specimens as the circumstances appear
to make desirable, including the creation of a new genus for the recep-
tion of the species commonly known as Andropadus virens.
The 59 specimens are referable to 32 species, and are nearly all from
Efulen—or Ebfulla, as it is called on German maps—in the Njondo
River region, about 100 miles inland. Only two specimens, one each
of Ceratogymna atrata and Actitis hypoleuca, are from elsewhere, they
coming from Batanga on the coast. The dates of collecting range
from May 30 to August 3, but a large proportion of the specimens were
taken in June.
Family SCOLOPACID &.
ACTITIS HYPOLEUCA (Linnzus).
Tringa hypoleucos LINNEUS, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 149.
Actilis hypoleucos ILLIGER, Prodr., 1811, p. 262.
One specimen in worn plumage, taken at Batanga, August 3, 1895.
Family TRERONID&.
VINAGO CALVA (Temminck and Knip).
Columba calva TEMMINCK and KnipP, Pig., I, 1808, p. 35, pl. 7.
Vinago calva STEPHENS, Gen. Zool., XI, Pt. 1, 1819, p. 117.
One male, undoubtedly adult, although the gray collar on the hind
neck is rather indistinct, being strongly tinged with the olive green of
the upper surface.
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXII—No. 1180.
11
Ly PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII
Family ALCEDINID.
HALCYON MALIMBICUS (Shaw).
Alcedo malimbica SHAW, Gen. Zool., VIII, 1811, p. 66.
Halcyon malimbica Cassin, Cat. Haleyon. Phila. Mus., 1852, p. 8.
One adult male. Although Dr. Reichenow does not include’ this
form among the birds of the Cameroons District, there seems to be little
doubt of the correct identification of the present specimen, as it agrees
perfectly with the plate and description given by Dr. Sharpe.’ The
present locality must be quite or at least very near the northern limit
of the range of malimbicus, which probably passes thence into Halcyon
malimbicus forbesi, the latter occupying the region from at least the
Cameroons Mountains northward to Sierra Leone, and in turn replaced
in Senegambia by Haicyon malimbicus torquatus.
HALCYON SENEGALENSIS (Linnzus).
Alcedo senegalensis LINN&US, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 180.
Halcyon senegalensis SwAINson, Birds W. Afr., II, 1837, p. 97.
Two specimens, one of which, though nearly adult, still retains some
indications of immature plumage. The maxilla is red, save for a dusky
spot on each side at the base and a narrow blackish line along the
apical two-thirds of the culmen. The flanks are distinctly barred with
dusky; the sides of the head, including the superciliary region, together
with the nape and occiput, have a conspicuous wash of bluish, and the
whole upper surface, particularly the anterior portion, is darker and
duller than in the fully adult.
Family BUCEKROTID 48.
LOPHOCEROS FASCIATUS (Shaw).
Bueeros fasciatus SHAW, Gen. Zool., VIII, 1811, p. 34.
Lophoceros fasciatus CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., II, 1860, p. 168.
A pair of adult birds is in the collection. The greater size of the
male is very conspicuous in the bill.
CERATOGYMNA ATRATA (Temminck).
Buceros atratus TEMMINCK, PI. Col., II, 1834, p. 69, pl. 558.
Ceratogymna atrata SHELLEY, Ibis, 1888, p. 51.
One specimen, a fine adult male, with molt not quite completed.
This bird was shot in the forest 10 miles east of Batanga.
1 Journ. fiir Ornith., 1896, p. 55.
2Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVII, 1892, p. 247, pl. 6, fig. 3.
NO, 1180. BIRDS FROM WEST AFRICA—OBERHOLSER. 13
Family CAPITONID4.
GYMNOBUCCO CALVUS (Lafresnaye).
Bueco calvus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 1841, p. 241.
Gymnobucco calvus BONAPARTE, Consp. Avium, I, 1850, p. 141.
Two specimens, male and female, June 11, 1895. Both of these indi-
viduals are typical of the so-called Gymnobucco peli, and are undoubt-
edly adults. From examination of these and from comparison with an
adult specimen of true G. calvus from Fantee, the writer is very strongly
inclined to consider Dr. Sharpe correct in his opinion of the specific
distinctness of G. peli. That they are sexes of the same species seems
unlikely if any reliance is to be placed upon the sexing of collectors.
The examples at hand indicate that calvus is in all its dimensions a
decidedly larger bird than peli, this difference of dimensions conspicu-
ous in the bill. It lacks entirely the tufts of nasal bristles so conspicu-
ous in peli, and the scattered bristles on the top of the head are much
fewer in number. The number of specimens at present available is too
limited, however, to warrant a definite opinion, and final disposition of
the question must necessarily be deferred until a sufficient series prop-
erly sexed can be brought together.
TRICHOLAZMA GABONENSE Shelley.
Tricholema gabonense SHELLEY, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, XXIX, October, 1895, p. iii.
An adult female of this little known but very distinct species is con-
tained in the present collection. As no detailed description of the
species appears to have been published, the following, taken from this
example, is added:
Top of head black, thickly spotted with greenish yellow; remainder of upper
parts, including wings and tail, sepia brown; the back -and wing-coverts with
roundish markings of greenish yellow; wing-quills (excepting outer primaries), tail-
feathers, and upper tail-coverts margined externally with greenish yellow, this most
golden on the wings, most greenish on the tail-coverts; sides of head black mottled
with white; throat white, the feathers with shaft markings of brownish black;
rest of lower parts dull yellowish green, the feathers of the jugulum with narrow
black shaft lines and hair-like tips; the breast and abdomen with roundish spots of
dark brown, these expanding into bars posteriorly.
Family PICID AS.
MESOPICOS XANTHOLOPHUS Hargitt.
Dendropicus cantholophus HARGITT, Ibis, 1883, p. 173.
Mesopicus xantholophus HARGItTT, Ibis, 1883, p. 421.
One specimen of this rare species is contained in the collection.
Although sexed as a female, the yellow feathers on the occiput seem to
indicate its being a male. Otherwise it is apparently typical, though
its measurements are rather small.
14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou.xx |
DENDROMUS PERMISTUS (Reichenow).
Picus (Campothera) permistus REICHENOW, Journ. fiir Orn., 1876, p. 97.
Campethera permista SHARPE and BUVIER, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1876, p. 312.
The single example is an adult male. It differs from an Angola
female in the U. 8S. National Museum by reason of its brighter green
upper surface and deeper color below—the latter particularly noticeable
posteriorly—and by its somewhat smaller size. Should a satisfactory
series prove these differences to be sufficiently constant, the Cameroons
form, provisionally established on smaller .size by Dr. Sjostedt,' must
be known as Dendromus permistus pumilus.
The generic term Dendromus Swainson, 1837, pmirad nies by several
years Campethera Gray, 1841, and should be used for the group which
in current usage passes under the name Campothera. There is no more
reason for rejecting Dendromus on the ground of a former Dendromys?
than there would be to refuse Pica on account of a previous Prcus, for
Dendromus is derived from dévdpov and Spopos, while Dendromys
comes from dévdpor and js, the terminal elements involving more
than mere grammatical endings, although as latinized they differ only
in a single letter.
Family TKOGONID 4.
APALODERMA NARINA (Levaillant).
Couroucou narina LEVAILLANT, Ois. d’Afr., V, 1806, p. 73.
Apaloderma narina SWAINSON, Classif. Birds, II, 1837, p. 337.
The single specimen is an immature male, and differs from all the
other examples of this form with which it has been compared in the
color of the upper surface, which is clear grass-green, with scarcely a
trace of the bronzy tinge so evident in ordinary specimens. Otherwise
it is apparently typical, the wing-coverts being broadly edged with
green, thus showing no approach to constantia.
Family PYCNONOTID 4.’
BLEDA‘ ICTERINA (Bonaparte).
Trichophorus icterinus BONAPARTE, Consp. Avium, I, 1850, p. 262 (ex Temminck,
manuscript).
One aduit male, in breeding plumage. This species is commonly
placed in the genus Criniger, and by Captain Shelley® in Pyrrhurus,
but in pattern of coloration, as well as in structural characters, it is so
‘Ornith. Monatsberichte, II, 1894, p. 35.
2Smith, Zool. Journ., [V, 1829, p. 439.
5 Brachypodide is certainly untenable as a family name for this group if the genus
Brachypodius, upon which it is founded, be considered a synonym of Microtarsus.
Even if Brachypodius is distinct, the proper designation for the family is apparently
Pycnonotide, since it seems to have been the name first used.
4 For the use of this name, see Richmond, Auk., XVI, April, 1899, p. 183.
> Birds of Africa, 1, 1896, p. 64.
NO. 1180. BIRDS FROM WEST AFRICA—OBERHOLSER. 15
per fect | a miniature of Xenocichla (= Bleda) syndactyla that Cassin
apparently was quite right in calling it a Xenocichla (— Bleda). With
regard to the specific name, however, it seems to the present writer
unnecessary to reject icterina of Bonaparte for tricolor of Cassin solely
on account of a previous icterica in the same genus; for the two names
are sufficiently distinct, both actually and etymologically, not to cause
any serious confusion.
EURILLAS,! new genus.
Chars. gen.— Genus generi “Andropadus” dicto simile, a quo differt
rostro latiore et depressiore, naribus rotundatis.
Type.—Andropadus virens Cassin.
The type of the genus Andropadus is A. importunus (Vieillot), from
which A. virens differs so much in structural characters that its generic
separation seems necessary. The very much broader, more depressed
bill, oval instead of slit-like nostrils, are very distinctive. The tomia
are scarcely or not at all incurved, and the closed bill is thus without the
groove which is so conspicuous along the commissure of Andropadus
importunus. The outline of the culmen is nearly straight until near the
tip, while in Andropadus it is curved almost from the base. The rictal
bristles are also more strongly developed in Eurillas. From other
related genera, except Stelgidillas,’ Eurillas may easily be distinguished
by the serrations of the subterminal portion of the cutting edge of the
maxilla, and from Stelgidillas by the short, broad, and much-depressed
bill.
Of the other species commonly referred to Andropadus, only latiros-
tris has been examined, so that with this exception it has not been pos-
sible to determine where they should be placed.
EURILLAS VIRENS (Cassin).
Andropadus virens CASSIN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857, p. 34.
Two specimens. Although both are apparently adults, one is much
more brownish both above and below.
EURILLAS LATIROSTRIS (Strickland).
Andropadus latirostris STRICKLAND, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1844, p. 100.
One specimen. There may be some doubt about the advisability of
referring this species to Hurillas, for in some characters it is aberrant;
but it certainly is not an Andropadus, and, unless a separate genus be
created for its reception, is apparently best placed as above.
PYCNONOTUS BARBATUS GABONENSIS (Sharpe).
Pycnonotus gabonensis SHARPE, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, p. 132, pl. vu, fig. 1.
Three specimens, practically identical in plumage, except that one
has almost no tinge of yellow on the crissum. The much darker shade
of all brown portions of the plumage easily distinguishes this form from
| Evpvs, latus; 7AAds, turdus. 2 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXII, 1899, p. 130.
16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
true barbatus ; but intermediate specimens, from the region of the river
Niger,' make necessary its reduction to subspecific rank. An example
in the U. S. National Museum collection, from Fantee, is intermediate,
but apparently nearer gabonensis.
Family MUSCICAPID Ai.
STIZORHINA FRASERI (Strickland).
Muscicapa fraseri STRICKLAND, Proce. Zool. Soc., 1844, p. 101.
Stizorhina fraseri OBERHOLSER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., June, 1899, p. 213.
Two specimens. Both are sexed as males, but one is noticeably paler
both above and below, having also much less rusty on the superior
wing-coverts, is slightly smaller, and may possibly be a female.
TCHITREA VIRIDIS (Miiller).
Muscicapa viridis MULLER, Syst. Nat., Anhang, 1776, p. 171.
Muscicapa cristata GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 938.
One specimen of this puzzling species is in the collection. The head
is metallic greenish blue, as is also the throat, which shades off gradu-
ally into the bluish slate of the abdomen and crissum; the back and
well-developed tail are rufous. .
This is the species commonly called Terpsiphone cristata, but Miiller’s
name viridis has twelve years’ priority, and should not be ignored.
ARTOMYIAS FULIGINOSA J. and EK. Verreaux.
Artomyias fuliginosa J. and FE. VERREAUX, Journ. f. Orn., March, 1855, p. 104.
One specimen, in rather poor plumage, taken June 8, 1895. It is
marked female.
DIAPHOROPHYIA CASTANEA (Fraser).
Platysteira castanea FRASER, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1842, p. 141.
Diaphorophyia castanea SHARPE, Ibis, 1873, p. 172. ;
Three specimens. Two are adult males in breeding plumage; the
other is apparently a young female. It differs from the adult female in
being rather darker above, the head dull grayish brown instead of
bluish gray; the burnt-sienna brown of throat and jugulum much
mixed with whitish.
Family NECTARINIID 2.
ANTHREPTES FRASERI Jardine and Selby.
Anthreptes frasert JARDINE and SELBY, III. Orn., 1842, new ser., pl. 52.
One specimen, apparently an adult female, taken June 15, 1895.
This rare sunbird does not seem ever to have been recorded north of —
Gaboon, and thus is a very interesting addition, to the fauna of the
Cameroons District.
1} Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VI, 1881, p. 147.
NO. 1180. BIRDS FROM WEST AFRICA—OBERHOLSER. 17
CINNYRIS OBSCURA (Jardine).
Nectarinia obscurc, JARDINE, Monogr. Sunbirds, 1842, p. 253.
Cinnyris obscurus BONAPARTE, Consp. Avium, I, 1850, p. 407.
In the series of seven specimens there is comparatively little indi-
vidual color difference. ‘The upper parts in some are rather more tinged
with brownish; the under surface varies somewhat in the extent and
shade of the greenish wash; but otherwise they are alike. There is,
however, a considerable variation in measurements. A specimen in
the U.S. Museum collection, from Fantee, is noticeably more brownish
both above and below, and suggests the possibility of the existence of
a northern race.
Family PLOCEIDA.
MALIMBUS MALIMBICUS (Daudin).
Tanagra malimbica (male) DAuDIN, Ann. du Mus., I, 1802, p. 151, pl. 10, fig. 1.
Malimbus malimbicus SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIII, 1890, p. 480.
The single specimen is an adult male in perfect plumage. It is
apparently identical with an example from Fantee, and as compared
with this does not exhibit the restriction of black on the forehead which
is stated by Dr. Sharpe to characterize the Camerocns birds.
SPORAEGINTHUS MELPODUS (Vieillot).
Fringilla melpoda VIEILLOT, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., XII, 1817, p. 177.
Sporaeginthus melpodus SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIII, 1890, p. 325.
Two specimens, June 26, 1895,in immature plumage. As this con-
dition differs somewhat from that of the adult, and appears to be
unknown, the following description is offered: Above, including wing-
coverts, light chocolate brown, duller and rather darker on the head,
but without conspicuous contrast; upper tail-coverts dull red; wing:
quills fuscous, narrowly margined with paler; tail sepia, the outer
feathers tipped and broadly edged externally with brownish gray;
sides of head orange, this color deepest on the lores and paling to yel-
low on the posterior auriculars; throat and sides of neck light gray;
remainder of lower parts dull buff, palest anteriorly; lining ot wing buff.
PYRENESTES COCCINEUS Cassin.
Pyrenestes coccineus CASSIN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1848, p. 67.
Two adult males in the comparatively rare black plumage. One of
these, taken June 27, is in process of molt, this being most conspicuous
in the feathers of head and tail.
Hamily HIRUNDINID i.
PSALIDOPROCNE NITENS (Cassin),
Alticora nitens CASSIN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857, p. 38.
Psalidoprocne nitens SHARPE, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 291.
Two specimens. Both have the throat sooty brown, a character
mentioned by Dr. Sharpe! as peculiar to the birds from Gaboon and
'Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., X, 1885, p. 204.
Proc. N. M., vol. xxii 2
18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
the Cameroons. No other specimens are at present available for com-
parison, so that it is impossible to add anything to his remarks. One
of the present examples, probably an immature bird, has a conspicuous
brownish tinge to the entire plumage, this most noticeable below, the
abdomen being almost entirely devoid of any greenish shade.
Family DICRURIDZi.
DICRURUS MODESTUS Hartlaub.
Dicrurus modestus HARTLAUB, Rev. et Mag. de Zool., 1849, p. 495.
One adult male, June 5, 1895. In process of molt, this particularly
observable in the feathers of the wings, tail, throat, and sides of head.
This example is slightly less velvety above than others of the same
species, in this respect appearing to be somewhat intermediate between
true modestus of Gaboon and atactus! from Liberia and Fantee.
Family LANITD.4.
NICATOR CHLORIS (Lesson).
’ Tchagra chloris Lesson, Traité d@’Orn., 1831, p. 373.
Nicator chloris FINSCH AND HARTLAUB, V6g. Ostafr., 1870, p. 360.
One specimen, apparently identical with others from Fantee and
Gaboon
CHAUNONOTUS SABINEI Gray.
Thamnophilus sabinei J. E.GRAy, Zool. Misc., I, p. 6.
Chaunonotus sabinei J. E. GRAY, Mag. Nat. Hist., 1X, 1837, p. 487.
One specimen, July 15, 1895, with molt not quite completed. The
structural characters of this species seem quite sufficient to warrant its
generic separation from Dryoscopus.
DRYOSCOPUS LEUCORHYNCHUS Hartlaub.
Telephonus leucorhynchus HARTLAUB, Rev. Zool., 1848, p. 108.
Dryoscopus leucorhynchus HARTLAUB, Orn. W. Aff., 1857, p. 112.
One specimen, differing from a Gaboon example in having less of the
brownish tinge, this appreciable throughout the plumage, and in hav-
ing a shorter tail; but whether these differences are geographical or
merely individual is not possible to determine from the material at hand.
TELOPHONUS AUSTRALIS USSHERI (Sharpe).
Laniarius ussheri SHARPE, Layard’s Birds S. Africa, 1882, p. 397.
Telophonus ussheri GADow, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VIII, 1883, p. 124.
One male, June 14. The specific distinctness of Telophonus australis.
from Telophonus senegalus appears to be perfectly weil established on
2
the differences mentioned by Dr. Gadow;” and the latter is also darker,
'Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXII, 1899, p. 35.
?Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VIII, 1883, p. 124.
No. 1180. BIRDS FROM WEST AFRICA—OBERHOLSER. 19
duller below, with a much more deeply ochraceous superciliary stripe.
Telophonus australis usshert seems to be a very good race, and some
additional characters separating it from true australis are the darker
shade of the upper surface, the rather lighter, less ochraceous super-
ciliary stripe, and much paler auriculars. In the present specimen of
ussheri the dark bars on the two middle tail feathers are much more
indistinct than on any of the examples of australis available for com-
parison.
The specific name australis appears to be the correct one for the bird
commonly known as Telophonus trivirgatus, since Malaconotus australis
Smith! bas thirteen years priority over the same author’s trivirgatus.
Family ORIOLID.
ORIOLUS NIGRIPENNIS Verreaux.
Oriolus nigripennis VERREAUX, Journ. f. Orn., 1855, p. 105.
Two specimens in adult plumage. This species is, besides its other
points of difference, very much more yellowish green above than either
Oriolus larvatus or Oriolus larvatus brachyrhynchus.
Family PRIONOPID 4.
FRASERIA OCHREATA (Strickland).
Tephrodornis ochreatus STRICKLAND, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1844, p. 102.
Fraseria ochreata HARTLAUB, Orn. West Afr., 1857, p. 102.
Five specimens, two adults and three more or less immature. The
former are sexed as males, and are apparently typical. One of them
has a broad white tip to one of the right scapulars—evidently an
albinistic marking. The immature birds differ in being rather lighter
and browner above, with narrow fulvous tips to the greater wing-cov-
erts, and in being washed with ochraceous below, most conspicuously
on the breast and jugulum, though in one example quite strongly over
nearly all the lower surface. The squamations on the chest are much
less distinct than in the adult, being rather narrower, as well as paler
and more brownish,
Whether or not Fraseria should be included among the Prionopidse
may well be questioned, but its scutellated tarsus indicates that it is
not a thrush, although it has been placed in the family Turdide by
Captain Shelley.’
‘Rep. Expl. Exped. Cent. Afr., 1836, p. 44. 2 Birds of Africa, I, 1896, p. 83
vhs.
DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF TORTOISES
FROM THE TERTIARY OF THE UNITED STATES.
By O. P. Hay.
The species first to be described was collected by Mr. Charles Schu-
chert, assistant curator, division of stratigraphic paleontology, U.S.
National Museum. The specimen was found in the Zeuglodon beds of
the Jackson formation of the Eocene, in Choctaw County, Alabama,
near Cocoa post-office, on land belonging to Mr. James Brown. In the
immediate vicinity, Mr. Schuchert collected also a nearly complete
skeleton of Basilosaurus (Zeuglodon), some bones of Dorudon, and ver-
tebre of the snake which has been described and figured by Mr. F. A.
Lucas ! as Pterosphenus schucherti.
The turtle was found lying imbedded in the rock with the plastron
downward. The upper portion of the carapace had been planed off by
denudation down to the upper borders of the marginals. It is there-
fore impossible to determine the character of the neural and costal
bones and of the various superior epidermal scutes. The remainder of
the shell was intact, or nearly so, when excavated; but, in spite of
careful packing, it suffered much in shipment to the National Museum.
However, notwithstanding its broken condition, it has, under the intel-
ligent supervision of Mr. Lucas, the Curator of the Division of Com-
parative Anatomy, been so skillfully restored that little is left to be
desired, so far as the plastron and most of the marginals are con-
cerned. To Mr. Lucas I am indebted for the opportunity to study and
describe this interesting relic.
I have assigned this species provisionally to the genus Hadrianus of
Cope. It undoubtedly belongs there, or to Testudo, or to some closely
related genus. In order to determine this question definitely we need
to have the upper portion of the shell. An examination of the diagram
of the shell of Testudo ibera given by Boulenger? shows that the neurals
and costals of this genus have undergone peculiar modifications. The
neurals are alternately quadrate and octagonal, while the outer ends
1 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1898, X XI, p. 637.
2 Catalogue of Chelonians, p. 151.
PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXII—No. 1181.
22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
of the costals are alternately very wide and very narrow. In Hadri-
anus the elements of the carapace have not attained such differentiation.
The species here described is named in honor of its discoverer. It
will therefore be known as
HADRIANUS SCHUCHERTI.
The total length of the shell of this tortoise was originally close to
75 em. (30 inches); its width, 52.5 cm. (21 inches). As will be seen from
an inspection of Plate IV, the lateral borders of the shell are nearly
straight, and parallel with each other. In front of the forelegs the
margins round rapidly into the anterior border, so that in front the
carapace is quite truncate. The hinder border approaches a segment
of a circle. Neither the anterior nor the posterior margin is to any
degree serrated.
The marginals rise on the side of the carapace to a height of 10 em.
The passage from the lower surface of the shell to the upper is quite
abrupt; but this is due to a considerable extent, at least, to distortion
from pressure. In living forms of Testudo the upper portion of the
shell usually rounds gradually into the lower portion.
The borders of the carapace over the openings for the posterior limbs
are gently reverted; over the openings for the lower limbs the carapace
is somewhat more strongly reverted. The caudal marginal appears to
have descended without any upward flare.
The plastron is concave; it has a length of 67.5 em. On a line 25
mm. in front of the axillary notch the width of the anterior lobe of the
plastron is 28cm. The tip of the lobe is prolonged into an obtuse angle.
The tip is considerably thickened in front, but the borders are rather
acute. The tip of the lobe was not prolonged in front of the carapace.
In Hadrianus octonarius, the type of the genus, the plastron ends in
front in a very broad and truncate lip.
The width of the bridge is slightly more than one-third the length of
the plastron. Measured on a line 25 mm. behind the inguinal notches,
the width of the hinder lobe of the plastron is 30 em. This lobe is
deeply notched on its hinder border. The posterior angles may, how-
ever, have been somewhat more rounded than in the restoration.
The entoplastron has a width of 15 em. Its hinder border can not
be accurately traced, but its position was not greatly different from
that represented by the dotted line on Plate V. The other bony ele-
ments of the plastron have their boundaries shown on the same plate
by means of the continuous zigzag lines. ‘They present no essential
variations in form or position from those of modern species of Testudo.
The conformation of the epidermal scutes, whose sutures are shown
by the stippled lines in Plate V, is not, so far as can be determined with
certainty, essentially different from that of the shields of recent species
of Testudo. The gulars did not encroach on the territory of the ento-
plastron. The humero-pectoral suture runs straight across the plastron
until it approaches the axillary notch, when it turns abruptly forward.
No. 1181. NEW SPECIES OF TORTOISES—HAY. 93
The pectoral shields are extremely narrow in the middle line, but they
widen right and left. The suture between the right and the left abdom-
inal shields is very long, being contained in the length of the plastron
only two and one-half times. There is present on each side an evident
inguinal shield, and there were probably axillary shields, but they can
not be demonstrated. I am not able to determine with certainty the
position of the suture between the marginal shields and those of the
plastron. In Testudo and its immediate allies this suture is well up on
the marginal bones. In other genera, as Geomyda and Clemmys, it is
located near the outer border of the plastral bones. In H. schucherti
the suture between the pectorals and the abdominals gives off, near the
outer border of the hyoplastron, what seems plainly to be a branch
which is directed forward. This branch seems to me to be the anterior
end of the suture between the plastral and the marginal shields. Ifsuch
it is, it is quite different in position from that of species of Testudo. In
the type of Hadrianus, a large and quite perfect shell, the sutures
between the epidermal shields are very deep and distinet, but the
sutures between the bones are usually very obscure. Nevertheless, I
believe that here too the epidermal suture referred to lies on the plas-
tral bones. :
The second species of turtle to be described comes from coal-bearing
strata of Miocene age. The particular locality is mine No. 4, near
Roslyn, Washington. This town is located in Kittitass County, at the
eastern base of the Cascade range of mountains. The deposit in which
the turtle was found is known as the Roslyn sandstone. The preser-
vation of the fine specimen is due to the intelligent interest of Mr. P. Y.
Heckman, of Roslyn, from whom it was obtained for the U.S. National
Museum. The Museum is indebted to Dr. F. H. Knowlton for his
friendly offices in securing this species.
The specimen displays only the upper surface of the shell; but this
is almost entire and almost uninjured. Itis probable that the plastron
is also present, but the matrix is so refractory that it has been thought
best not to attempt to remove it. After a careful study of the carapace
I have been unable to assign it to any of the described genera of Testu-
dines. I therefore venture to propose a new genus for its reception.
The specific name I derive from the collector of the specimen. The
name of this new form is
ACHERONTEMYS HECKMANI.
Generic characters.—Carapace broad, rather depressed. Neural
bones about as broad as long; mostly hexagonal, with the antero-lateral
sides much shorter than the postero lateral. A single very broad pygal.
Marginals 23 in number, coinciding with the outer ends of the cos-
tals, instead of alternating with them. Vertebral shields very broad.
Name derived from Acheron, a river of the fabled lower world, and
emys, a turtle. ;
Specific characters.—Carapace broad, rounded in front and behind.
24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
No evidences of serrations on the border behind. Median line appar-
ently occupied by a keel of low bosses.
Surface of the carapace mostly smooth, with the impressions of the
shield sutures distinct; areas occupied by costal shields with some
longitudinal wrinkles. First neural nearly square; the eighth pentag-
onal, with the anterior side very short. The single pygal extremely
broad, extending across three marginals. The nuchal is considerably
broader than long. Marginals quadrate; the lateral ones each placed
opposite the end of a costal. The second and third vertebral shields
enormous, extending laterally beyond the middle of the costals, the
anterior border of the second vertebral occupying its usual position.
Its hinder border thrown back to the hinder border of the third neural.
The hinder border of the third vertebral not crossing the fifth neural,
the usual position, but thrown backward to near the hinder border of
the sixth neural. The fourth neural is thus made very concave in front.
Costal shie!ds narrow, not one-half as wide as the contiguous verte-
brals, alternate sutures between lateral marginal shields coinciding
with sutures of costal shields.
As to the relationships of this genus we can say nothing certain until
we have at least had an opportunity to study the plastron. Neverthe-
less its affinities appear to be with the Chelydridz, and we may place it
there provisionally. It is of interest to compare the figure on Plate VI
with the diagrams of the carapaces of Chelydra and Macroclemmys,
found in Boulengevr’s Catalogue of Chelonians.! The carapaces of all
three genera have the same general form; in all, the neural bones are
closely similar; in all, the marginals lie opposite the outer ends of the
costals, instead of alternating with the latter. In Cheiydra and Macro-
clemmys, however, there are more or less extensive fontanelles between
the costals and marginals. In both, the vertebral shields are of mod-
erate width; in both, the hinder border of the shellis serrated. Length
of the carapace, 181 mm; its width, 118 mm.
Certain described genera of fossil turtles display vertebral shields
as broad, perhaps, as those of the form here described. Among these
may be mentioned Hylwochelys, which is figured by Dr. Lydekker.2 In
this genus, however, the neural bones are long and narrow. Plesiochelys,
a figure of which may be found in Zittel’s Handbuch, page 545, also
has very broad vertebral shields; but here again the neurals are nar-
row. Platychelys* is also furnished with broad vertebrals, but it is in
many respects different from Acherontemys. The neurals are very irreg-
ular in form and size; the carapace has a different form and is covered
with large bosses.
It is to be hoped that Mr. Heckman will be able, through the miners —
in his employ, to secure other specimens of this species, so that the
structure of the plastron may be determined.
1 Pages 22, 25.
* Catalogue of the fossil Reptilia and Amphibia, Pt. 3, p. 188, fig. 43.
3’ Lydekker, Catalogue of the fossil Reptilia and Amphibia, Pt. 3, p. 217, fig. 48;
Zittel, Handbuch, III, p. 538, tig. 499.
IV
Rie
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIl
NATIONAL MUSEUM
U. S.
HADRIANUS SCHUCHERTI.
ae
Bae ea
ene
Pv en
suse
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIl
PEW.
HADRIANUS SCHUCHERTI.
me
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXII PL. Vi
ACHERONTEMYS HECKMANI.
x65.
Bin tn
ct
naly
A LIST OF THE BIRDS COLLECTED BY MR. R. P. CURRIE
IN LIBERIA.
By Harry C. OBERHOLSER,
Assistant Biologist, Department of Agriculture.
Although Mr. Currie’s trip to Liberia, under the auspices of the
United States National Museum, was largely devoted to the collecting
of insects, he nevertheless managed during his sojourn in that country,
trom February 1 until May 10, 1897, to obtain a small series of birds.
These specimens, 57 in number, were referred to the writer for deter-
mination and report. They prove to represent 39 forms, 4 of which
are here described as new, while another, Dryotriorchis spectabilis, is
sufficiently rare to be worthy of special mention. AJ] the matter
between quotation marks, together with the data relating to length,
extent, colors of the unfeathered parts, as well as the Liberian, or
English, and Golah, or native, names are from Mr. Currie’s notes. The
writer is also in debted to him for information respecting the locality at
which the birds were secured.
Mount Coffee, where Mr. Currie’s collecting was done, is one of the
numerous low hills along the St. Paul River, about 25 miles from
Monrovia. The land, which begins to rise near the coast, attains in
the vicinity of Mount Coffee an altitude of from 400 to 500 feet. The
greater portion of the region is covered with heavy tropical forest,
interrupted here and there by small clearings. The undergrowth in
the forest is not particularly heavy, but abandoned rice fields are,
under the influence of the hot, moist climate, rapidly converted into
impenetrable thickets. The river, here about 100 yards in width, flows
with considerable current over an exceedingly rocky bed and receives
the tribute of numerous minor streams. These latter, particularly
when they run through the forest, are, like the clearings, favorite
resorts for birds.
Family CURSORIID 44.
GALACHRYSIA MARCHEI (Oustalet).
Glareola marchei OUSTALET, Bull. Soc. Philom., I, 1877, p. 104.
Galactochrysea marchit SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, p. 726.
Two adult males and an immature female, all taken along the St.
Paul River. The two adults measure, respectively: Length, 180.6, 185.6
mm.; expanse, 450, 465.5 mm.
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXII-—No. 1182.
26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
Family RALLIDZ.
SAROTHRURA PULCHRA (Gray).
Crex pulchra J. E. GRAY, in Griffith’s ed. Cuvier, Anim. Kingd., Aves, pp. 410, 542.
Sarothrura pulchra STONE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1894, p. 148.
One adult male of this pretty rail is in the collection. Length, 177
mm.; expanse, 254.5 mm. ‘Bill dark horn or blackish, paler at base
beneath; feet black.”
Family PHASIANID.
FRANCOLINUS AHANTENSIS Temminck.
Francolinus ahantensis TEMMINCK, Bijdr. tot de Dierk., I, 1854, p. 49, pl. 14.
One adult female. Length, 353 mm.; expanse, 534mm. The Eng-
lish name of the species is ‘‘Guinea fowl” in Liberia; in the Golah
dialect it is ‘“‘Chine-chilo.”
Family FALCONID Zs.
DRYOTRIORCHIS SPECTABILIS (Schlegel).
Astur spectabilis SCHLEGEL, Nederl. Tijdschr., I, 1864, p. 13, pl. 6.
Dryotriorchis spectabilis SHARPE,' Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, p. 279.
One fine adult example of this rare hawk is in the collection. The
entire upper surface, excepting the tail and the wing quills, has a dis-
tinct slaty cast; otherwise this individual agrees perfectly with pub-
lished descriptions. Length, 546 mm.; expanse, 953 mm. It was shot
in the forest, and was in the act of swallowing a green snake, part of
which was subsequently found in its throat. Mr. Currie states that it
was very tame and unsuspicious. Golah name of the species, ‘See-
pwah.”
The specimen obtained by Mr. Currie is apparently the ninth of which
any record has been published. All of these have come from a
restricted area on the western coast of Africa extending only from
Liberia to Gaboon. A list of those previously recorded is here added:
1. One specimen from Elmina, Gold Coast. Schlegel, Nederl. Tijdschr., I, 1864, p. 13,
1. 6.
2. oe adult, from the interior of Fantee. Shelley, Ibis, 1874, p. 90.
3. One young, from Gaboon. Gurney, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1880, p. 621.
4. One adult female, from the Du Queah River, Liberia. Biittikofer, Notes Leyden
Mus., VIII, 1886, p. 246.
5. One adult male, from Schieffelinsville, Liberia. Biittikofer, Notes Leyden Mus.,
X, 1888, p. 65.
6. One specimen, from Barombi, Cameroons. Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 1895, p. 102.
7. One, from Sebbe, Togo, alive in the Berlin Zoological Garden. Ornith. Monats-
berichte, II, 1894, p. 128; Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 1895, p. 102.
8. One female, from Victoria, Cameroons. Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 1896, p. 7.
‘The authority for this combination is usually quoted as Shelley, Ibis, 1874, p. 90,
but Dr. Sharpe (Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, p. 279), seems to have been the first
actually to write Dryotriorchis spectabilis.
NO. 1182. BIRDS COLLECTED IN LIBERIA—OBERHOLSER. Del
Family MUSOPHAGID 4.
TURACUS MACRORHYNCHUS (Fraser).
Corythaix macrorhynchus FRASER, Proce. Zool. Soc., 1839, p. 34.
Turacus macrorhynchus GRAY, Gen. Birds, II, 1845, p. 395.
One adult male, taken April 22,1897. It is in fresh plumage with
indications of a not quite completed molt. ‘Feet black;” length, 439
mm.; expanse, 512mm. Called ‘‘Redwing” by English-speaking Li
berians.
Family CUCULID A.
CENTROPUS SENEGALENSIS (Linnzus).
Cuculus senegalensis LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 169.
Centropus senegalensis KUHL and SWINDEREN, Buff. and D’Aub. Nom. Syst.,
1820, p. 6.
A single specimen is in the collection, a young bird just acquiring its
first plumage, killed April 16,1897. Although many of the feathers
are still in their sheaths, and the wings and tail very imperfectly devel-
oped, a brief description of the plumage may be of interest. Head,
cervix, and tail dull black, the last with ill defined brown bars; back,
scapulars, and upper surface of wings bright chestnut, heavily barred
with black, these bars decreasing in width and regularity on the outer
feathers of the wings; under surface vinaceous cinnamon, much paler
on the middle of the posterior portion. This specimen is one of two
which Mr. Currie kept for some time alive. (See Plate VII.)
Family CORACIIDA.
EURYSTOMUS GULARIS Vieillot.
Eurystomus gularis VIEILLOT, Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., X XIX, 1819, p. 426.
One specimen, a male. Length, 263 mm.; alar expanse, 516 mm.
EURYSTOMUS AFER (Latham).
Coracias afra LATHAM, Ind. Orn., I, 1790, p. 172.
Eurystomus afra STEPHENS, in Shaw’s Gen. Zool., XIII, 1826, p. 97.
One male, taken in a clearing; the only one seen. Length, 260 mm.;
expanse, 533 mm. Golah name, ‘ Bah-yiddie.”
Family MEROPID i.
MEROPS ALBICOLLIS Vieillot.
Merops albicollis VIEILLOT, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., XIV, 1817, p. 15.
Three specimens, sex uncertain. The species is reported by Mr. Cur-
rietobecommon. “Bill black; feet olive-green; iris crimson.” Called
““Dry-time bird” in English; the Golah name is “‘ Way-dwa.” There
is very little individual difference observable in these specimens, even
in size. Two of them—one taken February 13, the other March 13—
are molting the tail feathers.
28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
MELITTOPHAGUS GULARIS (Shaw and Nodder).
Merops gularis SHaw and NoppER, Nat. Misc., IX, 1798, pl. 337.
Melittophagus gularis GRAY, Gen. Birds, I, 1846, p. 86, pl. 30.
Two specimens, male and female. “Bill and feet black; iris crim-
son.”
Male.—Length, 219.5 mm.; extent, 304 mm.
Female.—Length, 205 mm.; extent, 297 mm.
There seems to be no observable difference in color between the sexes.
Family BUCEROTID &.
ORTHOLOPHUS LEUCOLOPHUS (Sharpe).
Berenicornis leucolophus SHARPE, Zool. Rec. for 1871, 1873, p. 54.
Ortholophus leucolophus GRANT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVII, 1892, p. 426.
One female, taken April 30, 1897. Length, 684 mm.; extent, 650
mm. This is an immature specimen, with black throat, and agrees
with the description of the young of leucolophus given by Mr. Ogilvie-
Grant,! except for the presence of a conspicuous buffy white spot on
the outer webs of most of the primaries.
LOPHOCEROS SEMIFASCIATUS (Hartlaub).
Buceros semifasciatus HARTLAUB, Journ. fiir Orn., 1855, pp. 356, 361.
Lophoceros semifasciatus SHELLEY, Ibis, 1888, p. 59.
A pair of adult birds is in the collection. According to Mr. Currie’s
notes, both were shot in the forest near the clearing at Mount Coffee.
The English-speaking Liberians call this species ‘Palm bird,” while
the Golah name is ‘‘ Pwehah-pwehah.”
One of the specimens was taken February 23, the other March 19,
1897; both show indications of a molt not quite completed. The naked
skin on the sides of the throat is slate black, not blue, as given by Mr.
Ogilvie-Grant.? The feet and the bare skin encircling the eyes are also
black.
Male.—Length, 600 mm.; expanse, 800 mm.
Female.—Length, 570 mm.; expanse, 800 mm.
HORIZOCERUS, new genus.
Chars. gen.—Genus generi “Lophoceros” dicto affine, sed cauda
valde cuneata, rostro prope recto, hujus cornu minimo, acute carinato,
facile distinguendum.
Type.— Toccus hartlaubi Gould.
The strongly wedge-shaped tail, comparatively straight bill, with its
very small, sharply keeled casque, to say nothing of conspicuous color
differences, appear fully to justify the creation of a separate genus for
'Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVII, 1892, p. 426. 3 opife, limito; xépas, cornu.
?Idem., p. 401.
no. 1182. BIRDS COLLECTED IN LIBERIA—OBERHOLSER. 29
bond
the species commonly known as Lophoceros hartlaubi. In fact, it bears
less apparent relationship to the species with which it has usually been
associated than it does to Ortholophus leucolophus. From Ortholophus
the present genus may be satisfactorily distinguished by the absence
of a conspicuous crest, and particularly by the comparative length of
the tail, which is barely longer than the wing, instead of about twice
as long.
HORIZOCERUS HARTLAUBI (Gould).
Toccus hartlaubi GOULD, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 380.
One adult male, just completing the molt, taken February 19, 1897.
“Bill slate black, the tip dark red; feet slate color;” length, 406 mm.;
expanse, 445 mm. The Liberian English name of this species is
“‘Monkey-bird,” because of its alleged habit of following monkeys; in
the Golah language it is called ‘‘ Hin-gongeh.”
Family CAPITONID.
BARBATULA DUCHAILLUI Cassin.
Barbatula duchaillui Cassin, Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci. Phila., 1855, p. 324.
One adult male. Length, 177 mm.; extent, 266 mm. “ Bill black;
feet nearly so.”
Family PICID/.
DENDROMUS CAROLI ARIZELUS, new subspecies.
Campothera caroli BUTTIKOFER, Notes Leyden Mus., VII, 1885, p. 221 (nec Mal-
herbe).
Chars. subsp.—Similar to Dendromus caroli, but entire under surface,
including lower tail-coverts, clear uniform olive green, the spots appar-
ently smaller and less numerous; these, together with superciliary stripe,
lining of wing, light markings on outer webs of primaries, and inner
webs of secondaries, strongly tinged with greenish, not buffy; spots
on exterior webs of primaries much smaller; rufous area on side of head
lighter and more yellowish; crown distinctly more olive greenish.
Length, 178 mm.; expanse, 340 mm.; wing, 101 mm.; tail, 60 mm.;
exposed culmen, 24 mm.; tarsus, 19 mm.; middle toe, 17 mm.
Description.—Type, adult male; No. 161763, U.S.N.M.; Mount Coffee,
Liberia, February 19, 1897; R. P. Currie. Above golden olive green,
the head much duller, and its feathers tipped with dark red; a few
more or less concealed spots of pale greenish on the feathers of the
hind neck. Wings fuscous, the exposed surface when closed, in color
like the back; outer webs of primaries with small spots of greenish
yellow; inner webs of all the quills, at least basally, with wide inden-
tations of the same color. Tail brownish black, the outer feathers with
small lateral spots of greenish yellow. Under surface greenish olive,
heavily spotted with greenish yellow, these markings largest posteriorly ;
superciliary stripe greenish yellow; postocular region, including auric-
30 PROCKEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
ulars, reddish chestnut; under wing-coverts and axillars light greenish |
yellow with a decided buffy tinge. Bull in life slate color; tarsi dull
light green.
The single specimen obtained by Mr. Currie differs so much from a
Gaboon example, as above indicated, that it without doubt represents
an undescribed race, if, indeed, not a distinct species. It is evidently
the same as Dr. Biittikofer’s specimens from Liberia, exhibiting all the
differences from true caroli mentioned by him,! as well as others which
apparently escaped his notice. The specimen at hand from Gaboon,
the original locality of caroli, corresponds closely with published
deseriptions of this form, and is apparently a typical example. No
specimens from the territory intervening between Liberia and Gaboon
have been available in the present connection; but the differences
between carolt and arizelus are such as seem to indicate subspecific
relationship, and arizelus has, therefore, been given a trinomial desig-
nation.
Family MOTACILLID A.
MOTACILLA VIDUA Sundevall.
Motacilla vidua SUNDEVALL, Gifv. K. Vet. Akad. Forh. Stockh., 1850, p. 128.
One specimen, an adult male in breeding plumage.
Family PYCNONOTID 2.
STELGIDILLAS,? new genus.
Chars. gen.—Genus generi ‘“‘Chlorocichla” dicto simile, sed maxille
tcmii parte subterminali distincte serrata; nec corpore subtus clare
flavescente.
Type.—Andropadus gracilirostris Strickland. The uncertainty which
has attended the determination of the proper generic affinities of
Andropadus gracilirostris has led to the placing of this species in three
different genera, with the characters of none of which does it suffi-
ciently agree. From Criniger it may be at once distinguished by the
depressed and slender bill—the maxilla with serrations on the cutting
edge just posterior to the subterminal notch. The narrow, depressed
bill separates it easily from either Andropadus or Hurillas, while from
Chlorocichla, to which it seems to be most closely allied, it differs in
the presence of serrations on the distal portion of the maxillar tomium.
All the known species of Chlorocichla, moreover, are yellow or yellow-
ish olive below, and the genus, as restricted by Captain Shelley,’ is a
well-defined group. i
The species described by Cabanis as Andropadus gracilis + is not per-
fectly typical, but should apparently be associated generically with
gracilirostris. The genus will then include Stelgidillas gractlirostris
1 Notes Leyden Museum, VII, 1885, p. 221. 3 Birds of Africa, I, 1896, p. 63.
26redyis, strigilis; ZAAds, turdus. 4Orn. Centralbl., 1880, p. 174.
NO. 1182. BIRDS COLLECTED IN LIBERITA—OBERHOLSER. 31
(Strickland), Stelgidillas gracilirostris liberiensis (Reichenow), Stelgi-
dillas gracilis (Cabanis).
STELGIDILLAS GRACILIROSTRIS LIBERIENSIS (Reichenow).
Andropadus gracilirostris liberiensis REICHENOW, Novit. Zool., II, 1895, p. 160.
One specimen, April 1, with molt not yet entirely completed. It
agrees perfectly with Dr. Reichenow’s description of liberiensis which
seems to be a sufficiently well characterized subspecies of Stelgidillas
gractlirostris.
The measurements of this example are: Length, 199 mm.; extent,
262 mm. “Bill black, lower mandible slightly paler beneath; feet
black; iris crimson.”
BLEDA SYNDACTYLA (Swainson).
Dasycephala syndactyla SwAInson, Birds W. Af., I, 1837, p. 261.
Bleda syndactyla RICHMOND, Auk, XVI, April, 1899, p. 183.
One adult male, apparently typical. Length, 251 mm.; extent,
330.5 mm.; ‘iris deep red.”
EURILLAS VIRENS (Cassin).
Andropadus virens CASSIN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857, p. 34.
Eurillas virens OBERHOLSER, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXII, 1899, p. 15.
One specimen, taken April 1, an immature male, in the plumage
described by Dr. Hartlaub as Andropadus erythropterus. ‘‘ Bill black,
lighter apically; feet light horn brown.”
PYCNONOTUS BARBATUS (Desfontaine).
Turdus barbatus DESFONTAINE, Mém. Acad. Roy. de Sciences, p. 500, pl. X11.
Pycnonotus barbatus GRayY, Hand-list Birds, I, 1869, p. 268.
Two specimens, taken February 12 and April 28, respectively. Both
are in worn breeding plumage; and the latter has apparently just
begun to molt. One of them hasan appreciable wash of yellow on the
lower tail-coverts. ‘Bill and feet black; iris reddish brown. The
English-speaking Liberians know this species as the “Pepper bird;”
in the Golah dialect it is called ‘“‘ Bweh-lay.”
Family MUSCICAPIDZ.
TCHITREA NIGRICEPS Hartlaub.
Tchitrea nigriceps HARTLAUB, Journ. f. Orn., 1855, pp. 355, 361 (ex Temminck
manuscript).
Terpsiphone nigriceps SHARPE, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1874, p. 306.
Two adult specimens, male and female. The former is a very hand-
some bird in perfect plumage; the latter agrees with Dr. Sharpe’s
description of the supposed female,'! being very much duller colored.
The upper parts, excepting, of course, the head, are considerably darker
1 Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., IV, 1879, p. 360.
ae PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
than in the male, while the under surface, particularly the posterior
portion, is lighter.
Male.—Length, 190 mm.; extent, 203 mm.; “bill and feet bright blue
black.”
Female.—Length, 153 mm.; extent, 215 mm.; ‘bill dark horn, paler
at base; feet blue black.”
The Golah name of this bird is “‘ Wee-su-waw.”
ARTOMYIAS USSHERI Sharpe.
Artomyias ussh2ri SHARPE, Ibis, 1871, p. 416.
Two specimens, adult male and female. The male is slightly paler
and more grayish than the female, but otherwise identical. They agree
with Dr. Sharpe’s description! except for the lack of whitish tips to the
wing quills and greater coverts. These whitish tips are probably, as
suggested by Dr. Sharpe,’ evidences of immaturity.
These two individuals measure as follows: Male, length, 140 mm.;
extent, 254 mm.; female, length, 142 mm.; extent, 264mm. It is inter-
esting to notice the larger size of the female. The Golah name for the |
species is ‘“‘ Bweh-bweh-dee.”
Family NECTARINIID 4s.
ANTHREPTES RECTIROSTRIS (Shaw).
Certhia rectirostris SHaw, Gen. Zool., VIII, 1811, p. 246.
Anthothreptes rectirostris GADOW, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 1X, 1884, p. 119.
Four specimens. The two adult males appear not to differ from typ-
ical examples, though one is rather lighter below than the other, besides
being considerably smaller. Length, 99 mm.;? extent, 182 mm.;
length, 112.6 mm.; extent, 173 mm. “Bill and feet black; iris choco-
late brown.”
Another specimen is sexed female with a query, and may possibly be
an immature male. Length, 108 mm.; expanse, 167 mm. The upper
surface is dull greenish olive with a conspicuous mixture of bronzy
tipped feathers; the lesser wing-coverts are bronze green; the under
parts are yellow, clearest on the median portion of the abdomen, shaded
with olive green on the sides, paler on the throat and duller on the
breast, both of which are slightly tinged with ashy.
The fourth specimen is a young bird in first plumage, and is appar-
ently rectirostris, although so young that without more specimens for
examination it cannot be determined with absolute certainty. The
upper surface is dull olive washed with greenish; wings dark brown
with exterior edgings of golden olive; under parts pale dull yellow,
the throat only washed with this color, as it is so imperfectly feathered
that the slate gray bases of the feathers give their tint to the whole
area.
1Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., IV, 1879, p. 145. 2 Tail imperfect.
No. 1182. BIRDS COLLECTED IN LIBERIA—OBERHOLSER. 33
ANTHREPTES COLLARIS HYPODILUS (Jardine)
Nectarinia hypodilus JARDINE, Contr. Orn., 1851, p. 153.
Two specimens, male and female. ‘Bill and feet black, iris brown.”
Male.—Length, 109.2 mm.; extent, 148.5 mm.
Female.—Length, 102 mm.; extent, 144 mm. The latter shows indi-
cations of a molt not quite completed.
This species is apparently divisible into three well defined geograph-
_ical races. In southern Africa occurs Anthreptes collaris collaris; in
southeastern Africa Anthreptes collaris zambesianus, and in the western
part of the continent Anthreptes collaris hypodilus. True collaris dif-
fers from both of the other forms in having the secondaries, greater
and primary coverts edged externally with golden olive instead of
metallic green; the posterior lower parts are much darker and duller
yellow than in zambesiana; less orange yellow and more shaded with
olivaceous laterally than in hypodilus. From hypodilus, with which it
has usually been considered identical, zambesianus may be readily dis-
tinguished by the much paler, less orange tinted posterior under sur-
face, as well as by the paler shade of the exterior margins to second-
aries, primary and greater wing-coverts.
ANTHREPTES IDIUS, new species.
Chars. sp.—Similar to Anthreptes fraseri, but decidedly smaller; the
outermost primary scarcely more than half as long; rather darker, and
much less yellowish olive green throughout. This most noticeable on
wings and tail.
Description.—Type, male (immature?), No. 161807, U.S.N.M.; Mount
Coffee, Liberia, March 16, 1897; R. P. Currie. Upper parts dark olive
green, rather duller on the head; wings fuscous, the lesser coverts,
edgings of the others and of the quills, like the back; tail-feathers
greenish olive, with broad olive green exterior margins. Sides of head
and neck olive green; eye ring olive yellow; entire under surface deep
olive yeliow, almost uniform, but rather paler on chin, and shaded
with olive green on sides and flanks; lining of wing olive yellow.
‘Bill dark horn, paler beneath; feet olive green.” Length, 122 mm.;
extent, 178 mm.
In details of structure and in pattern of coloration this new species
is identical with Anthreptes fraseri, and does not need comparison with
any of the other species of the genus. There is a possibility that dius
may eventually turn out to be merely a geographical race of fraseri,
but until such shall be proved to be the case it may stand as a species.
The single specimen procured by Mr. Currie is sexed male, and if this
be correct the absence of pectoral tufts, notwithstanding the lack of
any other evidence, would seem to indicate immaturity; for it is quite
probable, though of course not certain, that the aduit male would, like
that of fraseri, possess these ornaments.
Proc. N, M. vol. xxii
9
oO
34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII,
The following table shows the comparative size of the two species:
Measurements.
| Name. Wing.| Tail. |Tarsus. aod
mm. mm. mm. mm. }
Anthreptes frasert, adult female ......---. 64 42 16 9.5 |
| Anthreptes idius, male [immature?]--.-.-.-- 54 38 14 9 |
}
t
Mr. Currie states that this species was not uncommon in the “bush”
about Mount Coffee, and that its Golah name is ‘‘ Zemeh.”
: CINNYRIS CYANOLAIMA (Jardine).
Nectarinia cyanolema JARDINE, Contr. Orn., 1851, p. 154.
Cinnyris cyanolemus SHARPE and BOUVIER, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, I, 1876, p. 41.
Three specimens—male, female, and young male. The two first are
apparently typical birds in, breeding plumage; ‘bill and feet black;”
length of female, 139 mm.; extent, 200mm. The immature male differs
from the adult female in being darker, more sooty above, including
wings and tail; the top of the head is sooty blackish instead of olive
brownish; the sides of head and neck blackish slate instead of light
brownish; the throat dull white, washed with olive yellow instead of
light brownish, and sharply defined from the surrounding darker areas;
breast and abdomen light olive green instead of brownish white; lining
of wing sooty grayish instead of whitish.
The Golah name of the adult male of this species is ‘‘ Zemeh-dee;”
the young male is called ‘“‘Zemeh,” thus not distinguished from
Anthreptes idius.
CINNYRIS JOHANNZ: Verreaux.
Cinnyris johanna J. and E, VERREAUX, Rev. et Mag. Zool., 1851, p. 314.
One adult male of this brilliantly plumaged sunbird is in the collec-
tion. ‘Bill and feet jet black;” length, 145.6 mm.; extent, 209 mm.
CINNYRIS CHLOROPYGIA (Jardine).
Nectarinia chloropygia JARDINE, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., X, 1842, p. 188.
Cinnyris chloropygius BONAPARTE, Consp. Avium, I, 1850, p. 407.
One adult male. “Bill and teet black;” length, 103 mm.; extent,
133 mm. Mr. Currie reports the species common in the vicinity of
Mount Coffee. In the Golah dialect it is called ‘‘Zemeh,” a name
apparently applied indiscriminately to a number of small birds.
Family PLOCEID A.
MALIMBUS SCUTATUS (Cassin).
Scobius! scutatus CASSIN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1849, p. 157.
Malimbus scutatus Gray, Hand-List Birds, II, 1870, p. 43.
Two adult specimens, male and female. ‘Bill and feet black; iris
crimson.” Length, male, 175 mm.; expanse, 282 mm. Length, female,
172 mm.; expanse, 266 mm.
1 Typographical error for Sycobius.
No. 1182. BIRDS COLLECTED IN LIBERIA—OBERHOLSER. 35
MALIMBUS RUBRICOLLIS BARTLETTI (Sharpe).
Malimbus bartletti SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIII, 1890, p. 479.
One adult male. ‘Bill black; feet purplish-black; iris chocolate
brown.” Length, 214 mm.; expanse, 337 mm. Golah name, “ Way-
see-eh.” This form undoubtedly intergrades with the more southern
Malimbus rubricollis, to which it is closely related; and its name should
thus be, as above given, a trinomial.
NIGRITA BICOLOR (Hartlaub).
Pytelia bicolor HARTLAUB, Syst. Verz. Bremen, 1844, p. 76.
Nigrita bicolor SCLATER, Contr. Orn., 1852, p. 83.
One specimen, apparently not different from a Fantee example.
‘Bill black; feet dark brown; iris crimson.” Length, 114 mm.; extent,
163.5 mm,
AMAURESTHES FRINGILLOIDES (Lafresnaye).
Ploceus fringilloides LAFRESNAYE, Mag. de Zool., 1835, pl. 48.
Amauresthes fringilloides REICHENBACH, Singv., 1861, p. 86, pl. 44, fig. 322.
One specimen, April 22, 1897, in fresh plumage, with molt not quite
completed. Length, 135 mm.; expanse, 195 mm.
Family HIRUNDINID&.
HIRUNDO NIGRITA Gray.
Hirundo nigrita GRAY, Gen. Birds, I, 1845, pl. 40.
Three specimens, two males and one female, April 13 and 28, 1897,
all showing some indication of incomplete molt. The latter seems to be
somewhat less purplish than the males, but there is no other apparent
difference. One of the males measures, length, 142 mm.; extent, 303
mm. ‘Bill and feet black.”
Family DICRURID %.
DICRURUS MODESTUS ATACTUS, new subspecies.
Chars. subsp.—Similar to Dicrurus modestus modestus, but plumage of
body, particularly above, much more glossy, the velvety appearance
almost entirely absent; no conspicuous contrast between the feathers
of head and back.
Wing, 118 mm.; tail, 104 mm.; exposed culmen, 22 mm.; tarsus, 20
mm.; middle toe, 15 mm.
Description.—Type, sex unknown, No. 147202, U.S.N.M.; Fantee,
West Africa. General color glossy black, with bluish metallic reflec-
tions, these most evident on the upper parts, nearly absent on the
throat; top of head almost uniform with the back, though slightly
greenish, as are the upper tail-coverts; wings brownish black, the lesser
coverts like the back, the remaining coverts and the quills glossed
eS
36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
externally with greenish blue; tail brownish black, glossed exteriorly
with greenish.
Comparison of specimens from Fantee and Liberia with an adult from
Gaboon seems to indicate the existence of two races of Dicrurus modes-
tus. True modestus comes from Prince’s Island, and according to Dr.
Sharpe! D. coracinus from Gaboon is identical with modestus, as it —
should be from a geographical standpoint, thus leaving the northern
form without a name. Dr. Sharpe also mentions! the more glossy
appearance of specimens from the Gold Coast, but without separating
them from modestus.
Mr. Currie obtained one specimen, an immature male, apparently
identical with examples from Fantee. Length, 225 mm.; expanse, 251
mm. It was shot in the forest, where the species is stated by Mr.
Currie to be not uncommon. Golah name, ‘ Zila-we.”
DICRURUS ATRIPENNIS Swainson.
Dicrurus atripennis SWAINSON, Birds W. Africa, I, 1837, p. 256.
One adult male, March 16, 1897. It is in process of molt, wings and
tail being imperfect. Taken in the forest; ‘not uncommon.” Length,
235 imm.; expanse, 321 mm.; ‘bill and feet black; iris crimson.” Golah
name, ‘ Zala-we.”
Family LANIID A.
LANIARIUS MULTICOLOR Gray.
Laniarius multicolor GRAY, Gen. Birds, I, 1845, p. 299, pl. 72.
The collection contains -one adult male of this brilliantly colored
shrike. Length, 230 mm.; expanse, 317 mm. Mr. Currie states that
no others were seen. Golah name, ‘Dah-zo.” Bill in life black; feet
drab; eyelid purplish.
Family STURNIDS.
PHOLIDAUGES LEUCOGASTER (Gmelin).
Turdus leucogaster GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 819.
Pholidauges leucogaster CABANIS, Mus. Hein., I, 1850, p. 198.
One specimen, an immature male in the plumage of the female.
‘‘Bill black, paler at base below; feet black; iris lemon.” Length,
184 mm.; extent, 306 mm.
Family PRIONOPID AQ.
SIGMODUS CANICEPS Bonaparte.
Sigmodus caniceps BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., I, 1850, p. 365.
One adult male, apparently a typical specimen. Length, 225 mm.;
extent 348 mm. ‘Tris bright yellow; bill deep crimson, lighter
‘ Cat, Birds Brit. Mus., III, 1877, p. 233,
No. 1182. BIRDS COLLECTED IN LIBERIA—OBERHOLSER. 37
toward the tip; feet vermilion; naked ring around eye orange red.”
Known to English-speaking Liberians as “‘ Baboon bird ;” Golah name,
“Way-ye.”
FRASERIA PROSPHORA, new species.
Chars. sp.—Similar to Fraseria ochreata; the crown, sides of head,
and neck not blackish, but uniform in color with the back; lower sur-
face not pure white, the markings not sharply defined.
Description.—Adult, sex undetermined, No. 161784, U.S.N.M.; Mount
Coffee, Liberia, February 19, 1897; R. P. Currie. Upper surface uni-
form slate color, slightly more bluish on lower back and rump; wing-
quills and tail-feathers dull brownish black, edged externally with
slate color; sides of head and neck like the crown. Lower parts
grayish white; the sides and flanks slate gray; the jugulum a lighter
Shade of same, spotted with darker; the feathers of breast and abdo-
men with narrow slate-gray tips, producing a slightly squamated
effect; lower tail-coverts each with a subbasal, V-shaped marking,
and a narrow terminal bar of slate color; inferior wing-coverts brown-
ish slate, the feathers broadly tipped with white; axillars white ter-
minally, slate gray basally; thighs slate gray, edged with white.
“Bill slate black; feet plumbeous.” Wing, 87.5 mm.; tail, 73 mm.;
exposed culmen, 14 mm.; tarsus, 21.5 mm.; middle toe, 14 mm.
This new form is distinguishable at sight from Fraseria ochreata by
the lighter and uniform shade ef the upper surface, including the sides
of head and neck; by the grayish instead of pure white under parts,
the markings of which are much paler and much less sharply defined,
giving a clouded and mottled appearance in place of a clear-cut
squamate effect, particularly on breast and jugulum. The crissum is
irregularly barred with slate color instead of being pure white. While
it is barely possible that prosphora is a race of ochreata, and thus its
representative in Liberia, yet the two birds are so different that until -
the connection be established it seems better to accord them both
specific rank.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM : PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXII PL. VII
YOUNG ‘‘T00-TOO” BIRDS (Centropus senegalensis)
Mount Coffee, Liberia.
From a photograph by Mr. G. N. Collins.
A LIST OF THE BITING LICE (MALLOPHAGA) TAKEN FROM
| BIRDS AND MAMMALS OF NORTH AMERICA.
By VERNON L. KELLOGG, M. S.,
Professor of Entomology, Leland Stanford Junior University.
Within the last few years a beginning in the systematic study of the
North American Mallophaga has been made. This study has pro-
gressed sufficiently to make it worth while to prepare a list of the Mal-
lophaga so far recorded as having been collected from birds and
mammals found in North America.’ By this is meant the record of col-.
lection actually made from American host specimens, and not from host
species common to both Europe and America, from which parasites are
as yet recorded only from European host specimens. Where Mal-
lophaga have been found common to American and European hosts, the
foreign as well as the native hosts are given. As the synonymy for
the species of Mallophaga found on American hosts has been given in
both Professor Osborn’s and my own papers (these papers including
practically all the American records), I have not repeated the synonymy
in the list. All the American records as originally published are
included in the list, no attempt having been made to correct the
synonymy. Probably not more than half « dozen species in the list are
liable to such correction. The American specimens referred to species
originally found on European hosts have been so referred on the
authority of the original descriptions and illustrations of European
authors. The great importance of the correctness of these determina-
tions, because of the interesting problems in distribution presented by
this specific identity of European and American specimens, led me to
take to Europe a large number of American specimens for the sake of
comparison with the Huropean types. This comparison revealed the
fact that these determinations of the identity of the American speci-
mens with European species can be relied on.
In addition to the list of parasites with hosts there is given also a
list of hosts with parasites, so that reference to the American records
can be readily made from either parasite or host. Students beginning
1Some birds from Panama are included in this list. ‘‘ North America,” according
to the American Ornithologists’ Union check list, ‘‘includes the continent of North
America north of the present United States and Mexican boundary, and Greenland
and the peninsula of Lower California, with the islands naturally belonging
thereto.”
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXII—No. 1183. 3g
40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
the study of the Mallophaga will soon discover the advantage of work-
ing from the basis of known host.
It is hoped that the list may serve as a convenient basis for the study
of the phenomena of the distribution of the Mallophaga, one of the
most interesting phases of the study of this group of insects.
Types and cotypes of my own and of Osborn’s are now deposited in
the U.S. National Museum.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
There are very few records in the European literature of the Mallo-
phaga of specimens taken from North American hosts. In very rare
instances specimens have been taken from the skin of some North
American bird in the collection of some European museum, or parasites
have been collected in zoological gardens from representatives of some
bird species peculiar to North America. For example, Piaget col-
lected two species of Mallophaga from specimens of the Bob White
(Colinus virginianus) and California Partridge (Callipepla californica)
in the zoological garden at Rotterdam. I have since found. both of
these species of Mallophaga on the same hosts in their native habitat.
All of these records are referred to in the list. The following are the
American papers containing the records upon which the list is based.
For an extended bibliography of the foreign and American literature
of the Mallophaga see Osborn' and Kellogg.’
Packard A.S. Certain Parasitic Insects, American Naturalist, 1870, IV, p. 83, ill.
Leidy, J. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1878, p. 100.
Osborn, Herbert. Notes on Mallophaga and Pediculidze, Canadian Entomologist,
1884, XII, p. 197.
The Pediculi and Mallophaga Infesting Man and the Lower Animals, Bull. No.
7, Div. of Ent., U.S. Dept. of Agric., 1891.
Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, Bull. No. 5 new ser., Div. of Ent., U.S.
Dept. of Agric., 1896.
Kellogg, V.L. New Mallophaca: I(Contributions to Biology from the Hopkins Sea-
side Laboratory, IV, 1896).
New Mallophaga, II (Contributions to Biology from the Hopkins Seaside Labo-
ratory, VII, 1896).
Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallo-
phaga, II (Contributions to Biology from the Hopkins Seaside Laboratory,
XIX, 1899).
Kellogg, V. L., and Chapman, B. L. Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New
Mallophaga, III (Contributions to Biology from the Hopkins Seaside Labora-
tory, XIX, 1899).
Chapman, Bertha L. Two New Species of Trichodectes (Mallophaga). Entomologi-
cal News, 1897, VIII, p. 185, pl. rx.
CLASSIFICATION AND KEYS.
The position of the Mallophaga among insects is discussed briefly in
my New Mallophaga.* The latest classification of insects assigns to the
Mallophaga the position of an independent order. ‘The affinities of the
1Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, Bull. No. 5, new ser., 1896, Div. of Ent., U.S.
Dept. of Agric., p. 292.
2New Mallophaga, I, 1896, pp. 35, 40. * Volume I, 1896, pp. 57-59.
NO. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. Algh
order are in general with the platypterous pseudo-neuropteroid group
comprising the Termites, Psocids, and Perlids, and are in particular
with the Psocide. In the New Mallophaga! I refer to the correspond-
ence between the peculiarly specialized mouth structure of the Mallo-
phaga and the Psocid, and the recent careful study by Mr. R. E. Snod-
grass” on the anatomy of the Mallophaga reveal other particulars of
essential structural agreement between the two groups.
As to the arrangement of the members of the order, I have proposed °
the adoption of a primary grouping into two suborders, corresponding
with Nitzsch’s original division of the group into two families. In each
of these suborders there are two families, one family of each suborder
infesting mammals exclusively and comprising but a single genus, the
other family of each suborder, comprising several genera, infesting
birds exclusively. Mr. Snodgrass’s anatomical studies present new and
‘important characters for the subdivision of the order which do not
modify the original classification, but strengthen it and put it on a
more thoroughly scientific basis. These new characters have been
introduced into the following keys. I have made some other changes
in the statement of the characters of the subordinate groups, based on
my general study ot the order and use of the keys as heretofore pub-
lished.
ANALYTICAL KEY TO SUBORDERS OF MALLOPHAGA.
With filiform, 3- or5-segmented, exposed antenne; no labial palpi; mandibles verti-
cal; cesophageal sclerite and accompanying glands usually present and normal;
meso- and metathoracic segments fused; crop a saclike diverticulum; ingluvial
glands present; testes, four; egg tubes, five........-.-..-2------- ISCHNOCERA.
With clavate or capitate, 4-segmented, concealed antenne; with 4 segmented labial
palpi; mandibles horizontal; cesophageal sclerite and accompanying glands
absent or modified; meso- and metathoracic segments with sutural line usually |
visible; crop, simple; ingluvial glands, absent; testes, six; egg tubes, three to
TINE) SESS SRSA ES StS OSS ae are aise Care e Une eteg ees arama yee ears a mn AMBLYCERA.
ANALYTICAL KEY TO GENERA OF THE SUBORDER ISCHNOCERA.
A, With 3-segmented antenne; tarsi with one claw; infesting mammals (family
MPriChoOdectides) wate ee ss eee eee eae Trichodectes Nitzsch.
AA. With 5-segmented antenne; tarsi with two claws; infesting birds (family
Philopteride).
B. Antenne similar in both sexes.
C. Front deeply angularly notched ..-----...-....----. Akidoproctus Piaget.
CC. Front convex, truncate, or rarely with a curving emargination, but
never angularly notched.
D. Species broad and short, with large, movable trabecule (at the ante-
rior angle of antennal fossa).
E. Forehead with a broad transverse membranous flap projecting
beyond lateral margins of the head in the male, barely pro-
jecting: in thefemale---..-..252--22.. 222. Giebelia Kellogg.
EE. Without such membranous flap- -.........-Docophorus Nitzsch.
DD. Species elongate, narrow, with very small or no trabecule.
Nirmus Nitzsch.
! Volume II, 1896, p. 468. 2 New Mallophaga, ITI, 1899.
° New Mallophaga, I, pp. 59-63.
42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
BB. Antenne differing in the two sexes.
C. Species wide, with body elongate-oval to suborbicular.
D. Temporal margins rounded; last segment of abdomen roundly emar-
ginated; antennz of male without appendage, third segment
VELYAlOM Oe ie Soe ee eae Hurymetopus Taschenberg.
DD. Temporal margins usually angulated ; last segment of abdomen
convex, rarely angularly emarginated, with two points.
K. First segment of antenna of male large, sometimes with an
appendage; third segment always with an appendage.
Goniodes Nitzsch.
EE. First segment of antenna of male enlarged, but always with-
out appendage; third segment without appendage; last
segment of abdomen always rounded behind.
Goniocotes Nitzsch.
CC. Species elongate, narrow, sides subparallel.
D. Third segment of antenna of male without an appendage.
Ornithobius Denny.
DD. Third segment of antenna of male with an appendage.
E. Front deeply angularly notched.... - Bothriometopus Taschenberg.
EE. Front not angularly notched.
F. Antenne and legs long; a semicircular oral fossa.
Lipeurus Nitzsch.
FF. Antenne and legs short; oral fossa narrow, elongate, extend-
ing as a furrow to the anterior margin of the head.
Oncophorus Rudow.
ANALYTICAL KEY TO GENERA OF THE SUBORDER AMBLYCERA.
A. Tarsi with one claw; infesting mammals (family Gyropidie) -..Gyropus Nitzsch.
AA. Tarsi with two claws; infesting birds (excepting Boopia?); (family Liotheidz).
B. Ocular emargination distinct, more or less deep.
C. Forehead rounded, without lateral swelling; antenne projecting beyond
border of the head._...-....-....--.---- Colpocephalum Nitzsch.
CC. Forehead without strong lateral swellings.
D. Antenne projecting beyond border of the head; temporal angles
projecting rectangularly; eye large and simple--. Boopia Piaget.
DD. Antennz concealed in groove on under side of the head; temporal
angles rounded or slightly angular; eye divided by an emargi-
nation and fleck.
E. Mesothorax separated from metathorax by a suture.
Trinoton Nitzsch.
EE. Meso- and metathorax fused; no suture.
Lemobothrium Nitzsch.
BB. Ocular emargination absent or very slight.
C. Sides of the head straight or slightly concave, with two small, laterally
projecting labral lobes.....-.-..-.....--. Physostomum Nitzsch.
CC. Sides of the head sinuous; forehead without labral lobes.
D. Ocular emargination filled by a strong swelling; sternal markings
forming a quadrilateral without median blotches.
Nitzschia Denny.
DD. Ocular emargination without swelling, hardly apparent or entirely
lacking; median blotches on sternum.
EK. Very large; with two 2-pointed appendages on ventral aspect of
hind head; anterior coxze with very long lobelike appendages.
Ancistrona Westwood.
EER. Small or medium; without bipartite appendages of hind head.
Menopon Nitzsch.
NO. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 43
Sale ORE MeATIE EO ee AGeAG
Order MALLOPHAGA Nitzseh.
Suborder ISCHNOCERA Kellogg.
Family PHILOPTERID Al Burmeister.
Genus DOCOPHORUS Nitzsch.
Docophorus NiTzscH, Germar’s Mag. f. Ent., 1818, III, p. 289.
Docophorus kansensis KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 91, pl. 111,
fig. 8.
From Colymbus nigricollis californicus (Lawrence, Kansas).
Docophorus graviceps KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 82, pl. 111,
fig. 3.
From Urinator pacificus (Bay of Monterey, California) and Fulica
americana (Pacific Grove, California). —
Docophorus colymbinus DENNY, Monograph. Anoplur. Brit., 1842, p. 80,
pl. vi11, fig. 8 —OsBorn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896,
p. 217.
Recorded by Osborn from Urinator lumme (Burnett collection) ;
taken by Kellogg from Urinator pacificus (Bay of Monterey, Cali-
fornia); this record not before published.
Recorded by European authors from Colymbus septentrionalis, C.
arcticus, CO. glacialis, and Tadorna cornuta.
Docophorus acutipectus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 84, pl. 111,
fig. 4,
From Cerorhinca monocerata (Bay of Monterey, California).
Docophorus insolitus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, 1, 1896, p. 94, pl. Iv,
fig. 5.
From Ptychoramphus aleuticus (Bay of Monterey, California).
Docophorus montereyi KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 87, pl. 111,
fig. 6.
From Ptychoramphus aleuticus, Synthliboramphus antiquus, and
Brachyramphus marmoratus (all from the Bay of Monterey, Cali-
fornia).
Docophorus atricolor KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 93, pl. II,
ile, Bh
From Synthliboramphus antiquus and Brachyramphus marmoratus
(Bay of Monterey, California).
Docophorus procax KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 54, pl. v, fig. 1.
From Cepphus columba (Bay of Monterey, California).
Docophorus calvus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 79, pl. 111, fig. 1.
From Uria troile californica (Bay of Monterey, California).
44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
Docophorus lari DENNY, Monograph. Anoplur. Brit., 1842, p. 89, pl. v, —
fig. 9. —KELLOGG, en Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. "98, pl. Iv, fig. 4,—
OsBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic iris 1896, p. 217.—
KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California,
and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 4. KELLOGG and
CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Malloph-
aga, III, 1899, p. 56.
Recorded by Kellogg from Larus argentatus smithsonianus, L.
canus, L. occidentalis, L. brachyrhynchus, L. glaucescens, L. heer-
manni, L. vege, L. delawarensis, L. glaucus, and Rissa tridactyla
pollicaris (all from Bay of Monterey, California); also from L.
delewarensis (Lawrence, Kansas); Larus sp. (Baja California), and
LT. glaucescens (North Pacific Ocean, off Alaska); also males,
females, and young, hence probably not stragglers, from Colymbus
nigricollis californicus and Urinator lumme (Bay of Monterey, Cali-
fornia). Recorded by Osborn from Larus philadelphia (Burnett
collection) and from “herring gull” (Cassino collection).
Recorded by European authors from a dozen or more species of
Larus (including some of the species listed above), and from Lest-
ris pomarinus and crespictatus, Sula alba, Tringa islandica (proba-
bly mistaken determination), and Brachyotus otus.
Docophorus melanocephalus BURMEISTER, Handb. d. Ent., II, 1839, p.
426.—KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 99, Bk IV, fig. Gas
OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 218.—
Kuroce and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in
New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 56.
Recorded by Kellogg from Sterna maxima (Bay of Monterey,
California); by Osborn from ‘great Cayenne tern” (Burnett col-
lection); by Kellogg and Chapman from Stercorarius pomarinus
(Bay of Monterey, California).
Recorded by European authors from Sterna caspia, S. cantiaca,
S. bergi, and Larus ridibundus and L. cirrocephalus (Paraguay).
Docophorus occidentalis KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 89, pl.
Ill, fig. 7.
From Fulmarus glacialis glupischa and F. g. rodgersii, and prob-
ably as a straggler, from Oidemia perspicillata (all hosts from Bay
of Monterey, California).
Docophorus validus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 56, pl. v, fig. 2.
From Puffinus gavia (Bay of Monterey, California).
Docophorus phaetonus OSBORN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, 1889, XII, p.
189.
From Phaeton aethereus (Lower California or Panama).
Docophorus bassanae DENNY, Monograph. Anoplur. Brit., 1842, p. 110,
pl. v1, fig. 3; pl. vir, fig. 3.—OsBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic
Animals, 1896, p. 217.
No. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 45
Recorded by Osborn; “host unknown, probably the gannett
(Burnett collection).”
Recorded by European authors from Sula bassana, Phalacrocoraz .
carbo, and Sterna hirundo.
Docophorus icterodes Nirzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p.
290.—KELLOGG, New Mallophaga I, 1896, p. 96, pl. Iv, fig. 1.—
OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 217.—
KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and
Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 4. KELLOGG and CHAP-
MAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga,
III, 1899, p. 58.
Recorded by Kellogg from Oidemia perspicillata, Hrismatura
rubida, and Merganser serrator (Bay of Monterey, California), and
from Anas boscas, Anas carolinensis, Aythya americana, Aythya
affinis, and Dafila acuta (Lawrence, Kansas), and from Merganser
serrator (Kadiak Island, Alaska). Recorded by Osborn as “a
very common species on many kinds of ducks. Specimens have
been noted in the Cassino, Burnett, and Stejneger collections,
and also taken at Ames, lowa.” Recorded by Kellogg and Chap-
man from Aythya marila nearctica and Aythya affinis (Palo Alto,
California).
Recorded by European writers from Mergus albellus, M. merganser,
Anas rufina, A. boscas, A. fuligula, A. glacialis, A. albifrons, A.
clypeata, A. crecca, A. stelleri, Fuliguia marila, F. ferina, and
Mareca penelope. Recorded by Piaget as “sur toute espece de
canards.” Piaget believes Docophorus natatorum Rudow,! from
Platypus glacialis, Bernicla torquata, Chenalopex aegypticus, and
Anas fusca, to be D.icterodes. He considers D. adustus Giebel,’
from a domestic duck, D. brevimaculatus Giebel,? from Anser albi-
frons, and D. brunneiceps Giebel,’ from Anser cygnoides as varieties
merely of D. icterodes. Piaget also refers to a Docophorus, from
Podiceps cristatus, as a variety of icterodes.
Docophorus cygni DENNY, Monograph. Anoplur. Brit., 1842, p. 95, pl. 1,
fig. 1—OsBoRN, Notes on Mallophaga and Pediculidze, Canad.
Ent., 1884, X VI, p. 197; Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896,
p. 217. S
Recorded by Osborn from Olor buccinator (?) (Ames, Iowa).
Recorded by European authors from Cygnus bewickii, CO. musi-
cus, Dendrocygna arborea, and the “bean goose” (Denny, Great
Britain).
Docophorus sphenophorus NiTzscu (ed. Giebel); Zeitschr. f. ges. Natur-
wiss., XX VIII, 1866, p. 310.—OsBoRrn, Insects Affecting Domestic
Animals, 1896, p. 217.
! Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., XX XV, 1870, p. 453.
*Insecta Epizoa, p. 113,
46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
Recorded by Osborn from Cassino collection, “‘ without indication
of host or locality, but it is doubtless American, probably from
spoonbill” (Ajaja ajaja).
Recorded by European authors from Platalea leucorordia and
Ibis religiosa.
Docophorus bisignatus NiTzscu (ed. Giebel), Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss.,
XXVIII, 1866, p. 362.—OsBOoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic
Animals, 1896, p. 217.
Recorded by Osborn from Ibis (Guara) alba (collection of C. B.
Cook). :
Recorded by Nitzsch-Giebel from Ibis faleinellus.
Docophorus quadraticeps KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 85, pl.
Int, fig. 5.
From Fulica americana (Bay of Monterey, California).
Docophorus minuto-trabeculatus OsBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic
Animals, 1896, p. 221.
From Fulica americana (‘collected from a stuffed bird in the
museum of the Iowa Agricultural College”).
Docophorus pertusus NirzscH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p.
290.—KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 97, pl. Iv, figs. 2, 3.
Recorded by Kellogg from Fulica americana (Lawrence, Kansas,
and Bay of Monterey, California); also from Hrismatura rubida
and Colymbus nigricollis californicus (Bay of Monterey, California).
Recorded by Nitzsch-Giebel from Fulica atra (probably Europe).
Docophorus fusiformis DENNY, Monograph. Anoplur. Brit., 1842, p. 84,
pl. 1, fig. 2.—OsBorn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1897,
p. 217.— KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of Cali-
fornia, in New Mallophaga, ITI, 1899, p. 58, pl. V, fig. 3.
Recorded by Osborn (a typographical error makes the species
read ‘ fissiformis”) from ‘‘ black-billed sandpiper” (Burnett collec-
tion). Recorded by Kellogg and Chapman from Tringa minutilla
(Palo Alto, California).
Recorded by European authors from Tringa minuta and T. sub-
arquata. Piaget believes D. variabilis Denny,! from Tringa varia-
bilis, and D. canuti Denny,” from Tringa canutus, to be merely varie-
ties of fusiformis.
Docophorus cordiceps GIEBEL, Insecta. Epizoa., 1874, p. 103.—KELLOGG,
Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska,
in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. Vv, pl. 1, fig. 2.
Recorded by Kellogg from Tringa macularia (Panama) and
Tringa sp. (Baja California).
Recorded by European authors from TYotanus glareola, T. macu-
latus, T. calidris, T. hypoleucos, T. fuscus, T. ochropus, Calidris aren-
1 Monograph. Anoplur. Brit., p. 71, pl. 111, fig. 4.
2Idem, p. 84, pl. 111, fig. 5.
NO. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. ALG
aria, Machetas pugnax, Strepsilas interpres, Charadrius hiaticula.
Denny also records it from Lestris parasiticus and L. pomarinus,
and Grube from Larus richardsoni and Larus fuscus. I suspect
that Denny and Grube have confounded cordiceps and lari here,
especially as Grube records lari from Tringa islandica.
Docophorus testudinarius DENNY, Monograph. Anoplur. Brit., 1842, p. 96,
pl. I, fig. 6. —-OSBORN, Notes on Mallophaga and Pediculide, Canad.
Ent., 1884, XVI, p. 197; Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896,
p- 217.
Recorded by Osborn from Numenius longirostris (Ames, lowa)
and from Bartramia longicauda (Burnett collection).
Recorded by European authors from Numenius arquatus.
Docophorus fuliginosus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 80, pl. 11,
fig. 2.—_ KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of Cali-
fornia, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 59.
Recorded by Kellogg from Charadrius squatarola (Lawrence,
Kansas, and Palo Alto, California); by Kellogg and Chapman from
Charadrius squatarola and Aegialitis semi-palmata (Pacific Grove,
California).
Docophorus platystomus Nirzscu, Burmeister, Handb. d. Ent., 1839, II,
p- 426.—OsBorN, Notes on Mallophaga and Pediculide, Canad.
Knt., 1884, X VI, p. 197; Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896,
p. 216.
Recorded by Osborn from Accipiter velox (Rhode Island), Buteo
Swainsont (lowa?), and Aquila imperialis (Burnett collection).
Recorded by European authors from Buteo vulgaris and from
‘‘rough-legged buzzard” (Denny, Great Pee ; also a variety by
Piaget from Haliastur indus.
Docophorus buteonis PACKARD, American Naturalist, 1870, IV, p. 93,
pl. 1, fig. 3.—OsBorn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896,
p. 218.
Recorded by Packard from Buteo lineatus (America); by Osborn
from same host (probably Hanover, New Hampshire), and from
Tryannus atra (Burnett collection).
Docophorus taurocephalus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 471,
pl. Lxy, fig. 1.
From Archibuteo lagopus sancti-johannis (Lawrence, Kansas).
Docophorus pictus GIEBEL, Insecta Epizoa, 1874, p. 74. KELLOGG and -
CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallo-
phaga, III, 1899, p. 59, pl. V, fig. 4.
Recorded by Kellogg and Chapman from Aquila chrysetos
(Palo Alto, California). Recorded by Nitzsch-Giebel from same
host.
48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
Decophorus halieti OsBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896,
p. 218.
From Halictus leucocephalus (Florida).
Docophorus rostratus NrrzscH, Burmeister, Handb. d. Ent., 1839, I, p.
4927,—KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 486, pl. LXxvI,
fig. 5.OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 218.
Recorded by Kellogg from Strix pratincola (Soquel, California) ;
by Osborn from same host, collection of Prof. Lawrence Bruner
(Nebraska).
Recorded by European authors from Strix flammea.
Docophorus cursor NITzscH, Burmeister, Handb. d. Ent., 1839, II, p. 426.—
OsBORN, Notes on Mallophaga and Pediculide, Canad. Ent., 1884,
XVI, p.197.—KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, IT, 1896, p. 484, pl. LX v1,
fig. 1.—OspBorn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p.216.—
KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in
New Mallophaga, ITI, 1899, p. 60.
Recorded by Osborn fon Otus vulgaris var wilsonii (Asio wil-
‘ sonianus) (Ames, Iowa, and Lincoln, Nebraska); by Kellogg from
Bubo virginianus (Lawrence, Kansas), and by Kellogg and Chap-
man from Asio wilsonianus (Ontario, California).
Recorded by European authors from Strix bubo, S. otus, and S.
brachyotus.
[Docophorus syrnii PACKARD, description?
In Gurlts “Neues Verzeichniss d. Thiere, auf welchen Schma-
rotzer-Insekten leben”, Archiv f. Naturgeschichte, XLIV, No. 1,
p. 185, ‘‘ Docophorus syrnii Packard” is recorded as parasite of Stria
nebulosa. Neither Osborn nor I have been able to find the original
record for this species. |
Docophorus speotyti OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896,
p- 222, fig. 144. KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds
of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 60.
Recorded by Osborn from Speotyto cunicularia hypogea (Lincoln,
Nebraska, and Fort Collins, Colorado); recorded by Kellogg and
Chapman from Syrnium nebulosum (La Honda, California).
Docophorus bubonis OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896,
p- 219.
From Bubo virginianus (Pennsylvania).
Docophorus ceblebrachys Nirzscu, ed. Giebel, Zeitsch. f. ges. Naturwiss.,
1861, X VII, p. 528.— KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 485,
pl. LXxvi, fig. 3.—OsBoRn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals,
1896, p. 216.— KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 61.
Recorded by Kellogg from Nyctea nyctea (Lawrence, Kansas);
by Osborn from same host (lowa and other localities in America) ;
by Kellogg and Chapman from same host (Pullman, Washington).
Recorded by European authors from same host,
¥
4
No. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 49
Docophorus coccygi OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896,
p. 222, fig. 143.
From ‘“yellow-billed cuckoo” (Coceyzus americanus) (Lincoln,
Nebraska).
Docophorus latifrons NitzscH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 290.—
KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California,
and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 5, pl.1, figs. 5 and 8.
From Coccyzus californicus occidentalis (Baja California).
Recorded by European authors from Cuculus canorus and in a
single instance from Yuna torquilla (Denny, England).
Docophorus evagans KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, IT, 1896, p. 480, pl. Lx v1,
fig. 2.
From Dryobates pubescens (Lawrence, Kansas).
Docophorus superciliosus Nirzscu, Burmeister, Handb. d. Ent., 1839, II,
p. 427.—OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 216.
Recorded by Osborn from Dryobates villosus (Cassino collection)
(North America).
Recorded by European authors from Picus major and P. viridis.
Docophorus singularis KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds
of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 61, pl. v, fig. 5.
From Dryobates nuttalli (lone, California).
Docophorus californiensis KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 483,
pl. LXvI, fig. 6—KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama,
Baja California and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 6.—
KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in
New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 63. .
Recorded by Kellogg from Melanerpes formicivorous bairdii (Palo
Alto, California) and from M. f. angustifrons (Baja California); by
Kellogg and Chapman from Sphyrapicus thyroideus (Kidorado
County, California) and from Xenopicus albolarvatus (Eldorado
County and Kings River Canyon, California).
Docophorus alienus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, IT, 1896, p. 473, pl. Lxv,
fig. 2.
From Colaptes auratus (Lawrence, Kansas).
Docophorus jungens KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 481, pl. Lx v1,
fig. 4.
From Oolaptes auratus (Lawrence, Kansas).
Docophorus rufus KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja
California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 7, pl. 1,
figs. 6 and 9.— KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 63.
Recorded by Kellogg from Myiarchus cinerascens nuttingi (Baja
California); by Kellogg and Chapman from Myiarchus cinerascens
(Ontario, and Alameda County, California).
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii—4
50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VO. XXII.
Docophorus fusco-ventralis OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals,
1896, p. 221.—KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 64.
Recorded by Osborn from Contopus virens (Cornell University
collection, also Burnett collection) (North America); by Kellogg
and Chapman from Myiarchus cinerascens (Palo Alto, California).
Docophorus distinctus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 477, pl.
LXV, fig. 9.
From Corvus corax sinuatus (Colorado).
Docophorus corvi OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896,
p. 220, fig. 142.
From Corvus americanus (Ames, Iowa). ‘Thisis probably Pack-
ard’s Lipeurus corvi, which was evidently described from an imma-
ture specimen” (Osborn). s
Docophocus transpositus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 478, pl.
LXV, fig. 6.
From Molothrus ater (Lawrence, Kansas).
Docophorus agelaii OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896,
p. 220.
From Agelaius pheniceus (North America).
Docophorus quiscali OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896,
p. 219, fig. 141.
From “crow blackbird” (Quiscalus quiscula ?) (Ames, lowa).
Docophorus compar PIAGET, Les Pediculines, 1880, p. 61, pl. vit, fig. 1.—
OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 217.
Recorded by Osborn from Lowxia curvirostra minor (Ames,
Jowa). °
Recorded by Piaget from Lowxia curvirostra (Museum of Leyden). .
Docophorus hamatus PACKARD, American Naturalist, 1870, IV, p. 94, pl.
Ly Ott.
From Hmberiza (Plectrophenax) nivalis (North America).
Docophorus mirinotatus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds
of California, in New Mallophaga, ITI, 1899, p. 65, pl. V, fig. 6.
From Junco hyemalis thurberi (Kings River Canyon, California).
Docophorus communis Nirzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 290.—
KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 486, pl. LxvI, fig. 7.—
OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1897, p. 216.—KEL-
LoGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and
Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 9—KELLOGG and CHAP-
MAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III,
1899, p. 64.
Recorded by Kellogg from Otocoris alpestris, Agelaius pheniceus,
Sturnella magna neglecta, Calcarius lapponicus, Junco hyemalis,
No. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 51
Cardinalis cardinalis, Ampelis garrulus, Lanius ludovicianus
excubitorides, Harporphynchus rufus, and Merula migratoria (all
from Lawrence, Kansas); Icterus bullocki, Oarpodacus purpureus
californicus, Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis, Spinus pinus, Spinus
psaltria, and Ammodramus sandvicensis (all from Palo Alto, Cali-
fornia); Cardinalis cardinalis igneus (Baja California). Recorded
by Osborn from Lantus borealis (Ames, lowa) and ‘shore lark”
(Otocoris sp.) (Burnett collection). Recorded by Kellogg and Chap-
man from the following birds taken in California (in addition to
specimens of several of the host species already listed): Mytarchus
cinerascens, Hmpidonax difficilis, Otocoris alpestris chrysolema,
Cyanocitta stellert frontalis, Aphelocoma californica, Scolecophagus
cyanocephalus, Chondestes grammacus strigatus, Zonotrichia leuco-
phrys intermedia, Zonotrichia l. gambeli, Zonotrichia coronata, Spizella
socialis arizone, Amphispiza belli, Melospiza fasciata samuclis, Pipilo
Juscus crissalis, Habia melanocephala, Guiraca coerulea eurhyncha,
Piranga ludoviciana, Ampelis cedrorum, Lanius borealis, Lantus
ludovicianus gambeli, Vireo solitarius cassini, Dendroica cestiva,
Thryothorus bewickivi spilurus, Parus inornatus, Turdus aonalaschke
auduboni, Sialia mexicana occidentalis.
Recorded by European authors from many species of passerine
birds.
Docophorus panamensis KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama,
Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 9, pl. 1.
fig. 1.
From Phenicothrampis fuscicauda (Panama).
Docophorus domesticus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, IT, 1896, p. 475, pl.
LXV, fig.4; Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California,
and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 10.
From Progne subis (Lawrence, Kansas) and Progne subis hesperus
(Baja California).
Docophorus excisus NiTzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 290;
var. major KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 489.
Variety major recorded by Kellogg from Petrochelidon lunifrons
and Tachycineta bicolor (Palo Alto, California, and Lawrence,
Kansas).
Recorded by European authors from Hirundo urbica, H. rustica,
HI, domestica, Cypselus apus, and Cotyle riparia.
Docophorus laticeps GIEBEL, Insecta Epizoa, 1874, p. 88.—KELLOGG,
Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska,
in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 11, pl. 1, figs. 4 and 7.
Variety americanus recorded by KELLOGG from Cinclus mexica-
nus (Kodiak Island, Alaska).
The species recorded by European authors from Cinelus aquaticus.
52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
Docophorus mirus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 67, pl. V, fig. 7.
From Thyrothorus bewickii spilurus (Palo Alto, California).
Docophorus rutteri KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja
California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 12, pl. 1.
fig. 3.
From Parus atricapillus occidentalis (Kadiak Island, Alaska).
Docophorus sialii OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896,
p. 220.
From Sialia sialis (Merriam, Colorado).
Docophorus incisus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, IT, 1896, p. 474, pl. Lxv,
fig. 3.
From Sialia sialis (Lawrence, Kansas) and Ampelis cedrorum
(Lawrence, Kansas).
Genus NIRMUS Nitzseh.
Nirmus Nitzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 291.
Nirmus fuscomarginatus DENNY, Monog. Anoplur. Brit., 1842, p. 136, pl.
X, fig. 1—_KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, var. americanus, Mallophaga
from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, ITI, 1899, p. 69, pl. Vv,
fig. 9.
Variety americanus recorded by Kellogg and Chapman from |
Colymbus nigricollis californicus, Cepphus columba, and Larus
argentatus smithsonianus (straggler?), all hosts from Bay of Monte-
rey, California.
The species is recorded by European authors from Podiceps
auritus and P. cristatus.
Nirmus pacificus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 70, pl. V, fig. 8.
From Lunda cirrhata, Cepphus columba, and Puffinus griseus
(Bay of Monterey, California).
Nirmus maritimus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 72, pl. v1, fig. 1.
From Cerorhinca monocerata, Ptychoramphus aleuticus, Synthli-
boramphus antiquus, and as straggler, probably, from Fulmarus
glacialis glupischa (all from Bay of Monterey, California).
Nirmus citrinus Nirzscu (ed. Giebel), Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss, 1866,
XXVIII, p. 378.—OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals,
1896, p. 224.
Recorded by Osborn from Synthliboramphus antiquus Simorhyn-
chus cristatellus, Sim. pygmeeus, Sim. pusillus (Stejneger collection),
and Alleus (Alle) alle (Cassino collection) (North America).
Recorded by European writers from Alea torda.
NO. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 53
Nirmus triangulatus Nirzscu (ed. Giebel), Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss,
1866, XXVIII, p. 378.—KELLOGG and CHAPMANN, Mallophaga
from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, ITI, 1897, p. 74, pl.
VI, fig. 2.
Recorded by Kellogg and Chapman from Stercorarius pomarinus
(Bay of Monterey, California).
Recorded by European authors from Lestris crespidata, L. rich-
ardsoni, Stercorarius pomarinus, and Larus canus.
Nirmus lineolatus Nirzscu (ed. Giebel), Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 1866,
XXVIII, p. 376.—K&ELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 113, pl.
Vi, figs. 7, 8, 9.—OSBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals,
1896, p. 224. KELLOGG and CHAPMAN (var. atrimarginatus), Mal-
lophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899,
p. 75.
Recorded by Kellogg from Larus argentatus smithsonianus, L.
brachyrhynchus, L. glauceseens, L. canus, L. vege, L. occidentalis,
LL, heermani, L. californicus, and L, delawarensis (all from Bay of
Monterey, California). Recorded by Osborn from ‘herring gull, in
collection of S. E. Cassino; Baker collection, Elkhart, Indiana.”
Recorded by European authors from Larus canus, L. argentatus,
LL. glaucus, and L. tridactylus.
Variety atrimarginatus Kellogg and Chapman, recorded by Kel-
logg and Chapman from Larus canus, L. vege, L. brachyrhynchus,
and Rissa tridactyla pollicaris.
Nirmus punctatus Nirzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 291.—
KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 109, pl. v1, figs. land 2; Mal-
lophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in
New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 13.— KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallo-
phaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, IIT, 1899, p. 75.
Recorded by Kellogg from Larus occidentalis (Bay of Monterey,
California) and Larus sp. (Baja California); by Kellogg and Chap-
man from Larus delawarensis (Bay of Monterey, California).
Recorded by European authors from Larus ridibundus, L. domin-
icanus (Chile), L. crassirostris (China), and L. ichthywtos (Valgas).
Nirmus felix GIEBEL, Insecta Epizoa, 1874, p. 175.—_KELLoGG, New
Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 110, pl. v1, figs. 3, 4.
Recorded by Kellogg from Larus heermani (Bay of Monterey,
California).
Recorded bp European authors from same host.
Nirmus prestans KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 99, pl. v, figs.
bs A
From Sterna maxima (Bay of Monterey, California).
Nirmus hebes KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 101, pl. v, fig. 3.
From Sterna maxima (Bay of Monterey, California).
54 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
Nirmus giganticola KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 105, pl. Vv, fig.
6.—KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California,
in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 75.
From Diomedea albatrus (Bay of Monterey, California).
Nirmus furvus NirzscuH (ed. Giebel), Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 1866,
XXVIII, p. 374.—OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals,
1896, p. 225.—KELLOGG (var. ravus Kellogg), Mallophaga from
Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga,
Tit, 1897, p. 14, pl. 1, fig. 1.
Recorded by Osborn from Phalaropus tricolor (Museum, lowa
Agricultural College).
Recorded by European authors from several species of Totanus
and from godwits and plovers. The species is not sufficiently
sharply defined to list accurately its hosts.
Var. ravus Kellogg from Actitis macularia (Panama).
Nirmus piceus Nitzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 291.
N.pileus N., KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 113, pl. v1, fig.
6.—OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 224.
Recorded by Kellogg from Recurvirostra americana (Lawrence,
Kansas); by Osborn from same host (Museum, Iowa Agricultural
College).
Recorded by European authors from Recurvirostra avocetta. The
specific name pileus has been used for this form ever since the first
reference after Nitzsch, evidently from mere carelessness.
Nirmus signatus PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 186, pl. Xv, fig. 8.—
KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p.112, pl. V1, fig. 5.—_OsBoRN,
Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 224.
Recorded by Kellogg from Recurvirostra americana (Lawrence,
Kansas); by OSBORN from same host, ‘collected from stuffed bird
in museum of Iowa Agricultural College.”
Recorded by European authors from Recurvirostra avocetta.
Nirmus fissus Nirzscu, Germar’s Mag. Ent., 1818, ITI, p.291.— KELLOGG,
var. major Kellogg, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja Cali-
fornia, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, IIT, 1899, p. 15, pl. 11, fig. 2.
Variety major Kellogg, from Tringa sp. (Baja California). The
species (under name bicuspis) is recorded by European authors from
Charadrius minor, Ch. hiaticula, Ch. morinellus, Totanus calidris,
Recurvirostra avocetta, and Vanellus cristatus.
Nirmus complexivus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds"
of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 75, pl. v1, fig. 3.
From Calidris arenaria (Pacific Grove, California) and Tringa
minutilla (Palo Alto, California).
Nirmus actophilus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 78, pl. v1, fig. 4.
From Calidris arenaria (Pacific Grove, California).
No. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 55
Nirmus cordatus OSBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p.
228, pl. 11, fig. aa —KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds
of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 80.
Recorded by Osborn from Limosa hemastica (Burnett collection)
(North America); by Kellogg and Chapman from Limosa fedoa
(Bay of Monterey, California).
Nirmus incoenis KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 81, pl. v1, fig. 5.
From Charadrius squatarola (Pacific Grove, California).
Nirmus orarius KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 104, pl. v,
fig. 5.
From Charadrius dominicus (Lawrence, Kansas).
Nirmus opacus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of Cali-
fornia, in New Mallophaga, IIT, 1899, p. 83, pl. v1, fig. 6.
From digialitis semipalmata (Pacific Grove, California).
Nirmus parallelus OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896,
p. 229, pl. 11, fig. d.
From digialitis vocifera (Burnett collection) (North America).
Nirmus boephilus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 107, pl. v,
ike
From digialitis vocifera (Lawrence, Kansas).
Nirmus abruptus OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p.
220° pl. ir, fie. c.
From Colinus virginianus (Burnett collection) (North America).
Nirmus fuscus NiTzscu (ed. Giebel), Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 1861,
XVII, pp.523-525.—OsBoRN, Notes on Mallophaga and Pediculide.
Canad. Ent., XVI, 1884, p. 197.—KELLoGG, New Mallophaga, II,
1896, p. 499, pl. Lx vil, fig. 7.—OsBoRN, Insects Affecting Domes-
tic Animals, 1896, p. 223.—KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of
Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III,
1899, p. 15.—KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 85.
Recorded by Osborn from Buteo swainsoni (Ames, Iowa), and
Accipiter velox **(Merriam)”. Recorded by Kellogg from Buteo
swainsom, Cireus hudsonius, and Archibuteo lagopus sancti-johannis
(all from Lawrence, Kansas); and from Falco sparverius peninsularis,
FE. peregrinus anatum, and. Buteo borealis lucusanus (all from Baja
California); also from Falco sparverius (Panama). Recorded by
Kellogg and Chapman from Falco sparverius deserticola, Buteo Lore-
alis calurus, and Hlanus leucurus (Palo Alto, California), and from
Accipiter atricapillus striatatus (Pullman, Washington).
Recorded by European authors from many species of hawks,
kites, and eagles (Milvus, Buteo, Falco, Circus, Aquila, and Archi-
buteo.
56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXI. i
Nirmus discocephalus Nirzscu, Germar’s Mag. Ent., 1818, III, p. 291.—
KELLOGG (var. amblys Kellogg) New Mallophaga, II, 1897, p. 498,
pl. Lxvil, fig. 6—OsBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals,
1896, p. 223.
Variety amblys Kellogg, from Haliwetus leucocephalus (Lawrence,
Kansas). Recorded by Osborn from same host (Burnett collection)
(North America).
Recorded by European authors from Halietus albicella.
Nirmus splendidus KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja
California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 16, pl. 11,
figs. 3 and 6,
From Polyborus cheriway (Baja California).
Nirmus fenestratus NirzscH (ed. Giebel), Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 1866,
XXVII, p. 117.—OsBorn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals,
1896, p. 224.
Recorded by Osborn from Coccyzus erythrophthalmus (Burnett col-
lection) (North America).
Recorded by European authors from Cuculus canorus.
Nirmus atopus KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja
California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, ITI, 1899, p. 18, pl. 11,
fig. 4.
From Piaya cayana thermophila (Panama).
Nirmus marginatus OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896,
p- 228, pl. u, fig. b.
From Ceophleus pileatus (Burnett collection) (North America).
Nirmus candidus Nirzscu (ed. Giebel), Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss.,
1866, XX VII, p. 117; XXVIII, p. 368.—OsBorn, Notes on Mal-
lophaga and Pediculide, Canad. Ent., 1884, XVI, p. 198; Insects
Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 224.
Recorded by Osborn from Melanerpes carolinus (Burnett col-
lection), Colaptes auratus, and Picus villosus (locality ?).
Recorded by European authors from Picus canus and P. viridis.
Nirmus eustigmus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 493, pl.
MVE, lig. -
Show Trochilus anne (Palo Alto, California).
Nirmus tyrannus OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896,
p. 228.
From Tyrannus sp. (Burnett collection).
Nirmus vulgatus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 496, pl.
LXVII, fig. 5 KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of
California, in New Mallophaga, IIT, 1899, p. 86.
Recorded by Kellogg from Carpodacus purpureus californicus,
C. mexicanus frontalis, Zonotrichia coronata, Z. gambeli, Pipilo
maculatus megalonyx, and Pipilo fuseus crissalis (all from Palo Alto,
California); and from Junco hyemalis and Merula migratoria (Law-
No. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAG A—KELLOGG. 5
rence, Kansas). Recorded by Kellogg and Chapman from (in addi-
tion to several hosts already listed) Guitraca cwrulea, Chondestes
grammacus strigatus, Passerina amena, Parus gambeli, Parus
rufescens neglectus, Sialia mexicanus occidentalis, Dendroica cestiva,
Helminthophila celata lutescens, Trochilus alexandri, Cyanocitta
stellert frontalis, Cinclus mexicanus, Empidonax difficilis, and
Myiarchus cinerascens (all from California).
Nirmus fedus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 87, pl. v1, fig. 7.
From Myiarchus cinerascens, Sayornis saya, Tyrannus verticalis,
Icteria virens longicauda, Lanius ludovicianus gambeli, and Phain-
opepla nitens (all from Ontario, California). .
Nirmus ductilis KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 89, pl. v1, fig. 8.
From Hmpidonax difficilis (Ontario, California).
Nirmus rotundatus OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896,
p. 226.
From Corvus americanus (Ames, Lowa.)
Nirmus secondarius OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896,
p. 227.
From Corvus americanus (Ames, Lowa).
Nirmus ornatissimus GIEBEL, Insecta Epizoa, 1874, p. 144.—OsBorn,
Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 224 (var. xantho-
cephali Osborn) (loc. eit.).
Recorded by Osborn from Agelaius phaniceus (Cassino collec-
tion); var. xanthocephali Osborn from Xanthocephalus xantho-
cephalus (Fairfax, lowa).
Recorded by European authors from Agelaius phenicurus.
Nirmus illustris KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 494, pl. Lx vu,
fig. 4.
From Agelaius pheniceus (Lawrence, Kansas).
Nirmus virgatus KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja
California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 19, pl. 1,
fig. 5.
From Amblycercus holosericeus (Panama).
Nirmus picturatus OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896,
p. 226.
From Sturnella magna (Ames, Iowa).
Nirmus cyclothorax Nirzscu (ed. Giebel), Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss.,
1866, XX VII, p. 117.—OsBorwn, Insects Affecting Domestic Ani-
mals, 1896, p. 224.
-From Passer domesticus (Laurent collection) and Acanthis lina-
ria (*) (C. B. Cook collection).
Nirmus thoracicus PACKARD, Amer. Naturalist, 1870, IV, p. 94, pl. 1, fig. 5.
From Plectrophenax nivalis (North America).
58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
Nirmus lautiusculus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds
of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 90, pl. v1, fig. 9.
From Amphispiza belli (Ontario, California).
Nirmus pallidus OsBorn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896,
p. 227.
From Habia ludoviciana (Ames, Iowa).
Nirmus gracilis Nirzscu, Germar’s Mag. Ent., 1818, III, p.291.—OsBorn,
Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 225.
Recorded by Osborn from Progne subis (Ames, Iowa).
Recorded by European authors from Hirundo urbica.
Nirmus longus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 490, pl. Lxvi1,
fig. 1.—K“LLOGG and CHAPMAN, var. domesticus Kellogg and
Chapman, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallo-
phaga, IIT, 1899, p. 92. —
Recorded by Kellogg from Petrochelidon lunifrons (Palo Alto,
California) and Tachycineta bicolor (Lawrence, Kansas). Variety,
domesticus Kellogg and Chapman from Chelidon erythrogaster (Palo
Alto, California).
Nirmus brachythorax GIEBEL, Insecta Epizoa, 1874, p. 134.—OSBORN,
Notes on Mallophaga and Pediculidze, Canad. Ent., 1884, X VI,
p. 198; Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 223.—KEL-
LOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New
Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 93.
Recorded by Osborn from Ampelis garrulus (locality?) and
Ampelis cedrorum (Ames, Lowa); by Kellogg and Chapman from
Ampelis cedrorum (Palo Alto, California).
Recorded by European authors from Ampelis garrulus and A.
carolinensis.
Nirmus peninsularis KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja
California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, IIT, 1899, p. 21, pl. m1,
fig. 9.
From Phainopepla nitens (Baja California).
Nirmus interpositus KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja
California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 23, pl. 11,
ee Te
From Dendroica cestiva (Panama).
Nirmus orpheus OsBorRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896,
p. 227.
From Galeoscoptes carolinensis (Burnett collection).
Nirmus audax KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja
California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 25, pl. 11,
fig. 8.
From Psaltriparus flaviceps (Baja California).
Nirmus simplex KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 492, pl. LXxv1t,
fig. 2.
From Merula migratoria (Lawrence, Kansas).
No. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 59
Genus LIPEURUS Nitzseh.
Lipeurus NiTzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent. 1818, III, p. 292.
Lipeurus laculatus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds
of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 93, pl. vir, fig. 1.
From Stercorius pomarinus and Puffinus creatopus (Bay of Mon-
terey, California).
Lipeurus ferox GIEBEL, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 1867, X XIX, p.
195.— KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 127, pl. 1x, figs. 1, 2.—
KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in
New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 97.
Lipeurus diomedea FI’. OSBORN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1880, XII, p. 189.
Recorded by Kellogg from Diomedea ulbatrie (Bay of Monterey,
- California). Recorded by Osborn from Diomedea brachyura (lo-
cality ?).
Recorded by European authors from Diomedea exulans, D. melano-
phrys, and D. brachyura.
Lipeurus densus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 114, pl. v1, figs. 1,
2; Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska,
in New Mallophaga, ITI, 1899, p. 28, pl. 11, fig. 2—KELLOGG and
CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallo-
phaga, ITI, 1899, p. 96.
Recorded by Kellogg from Diomedea albatrus (Bay of Monterey,
California)? and from D. nigripes (North Pacific Ocean, off Alaska).
Lipeurus confidens KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja
California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 26, pl. 111,
hol:
From Diomedea nigripes (North Pacific Ocean, off Alaska).
Lipeurus concinnus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 97, pl. v11, fig. 2.
From Diomedea albatrus (Bay of Monterey, California).
Lipeurus varius KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 116, pl. vit,
figs. 3, 4.
From Fulmarus glacialis glupischa and F. g. rodgersiit (Bay of
Monterey, California).
Lipeurus celer KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p.117, pl. vm, figs. 5,6.
From Fulmarus glacialus glupischa and F. g. rodgersii (Bay of
Monterey, California).
Lipeurus diversus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 123, pl. v1m1,
figs. 3, 4. KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 95.
Recorded by Kellogg from Puffinus gavia (Bay of Monterey, Cali-
fornia); by Kellogg and Chapman, from Puffinus gavia, P. griseus,
P. creatopus, P. bulleri, P. tenuirostris, and stragglers probably from
Diomeive avvatrue (all from Bay of Monterey, California).
60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
Lipeurus testaceus TASCHENBERG, Die Mallophagen, 1882, p. 135, pl. v,
fig. 3.—_KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 130, pl. x1, figs. 2, 4.—
KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in
New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 100.
Recorded by Kellogg from Puffinus gavia (Bay of Monterey, Cali-
fornia); by Kellogg and Chapman from P. creatopus.
Recorded by Taschenberg from Procellaria capensis.
Lipeurus limitatus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 124, pl. v1,
figs. 5, 6.—KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 100.
Recorded by Kellogg from Puffinus griseus (Bay of Monterey,
California); by Kellogg and Chapman from Puffinus gavia, P.
griseus, P. bulleri, and P. tenuirostris (Bay of Monterey, California).
Lipeurus fuliginosus ASCHENBERG, Die Mallophagen, 1882, p. 156, pl. rv,
fig. 3.— KELLOGG and CHAPMAN (var. major, Kellogg and Chap-
man), Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga,
ITT, 1897, p. 100, pl. v1, fig. 3.
Variety major Kellogg and Chapman from Puffinus gavia and
P. creatopus (Bay of Monterey, California). The species recorded
by Taschenberg from Diomedea exulans and D. chlororhyncha.
Lipeurus subangusticeps PIAGHT, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 308, pl. xxv,
fig. 5.—OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 235,
pl. 11, fig. g.
Recorded by Osborn from ‘“ Thalassidroma wilsoni” (Oceanites
oceanicus?) (Burnett collection).
Recorded by European authors from Thalassidroma leachi and
Th. pelagica.
Lipeurus pullatus Nirzscu (ed. Giebel), Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 1866,
XXVIII, p. 387.—OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896,
p. 234. a
Recorded by Osborn from Sula bassana and Sula alba (Burnett
collection).
Lipeurus faralloni KELLOGG (Nirmus), New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 103,
pl. v, fig. 4. KELLOGG and CHAPMAN (Lipeurus), Mallophaga
from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 101, pl.
VII, fig. 4.
Recorded by Kellogg from Phalacrocorax dilophus albociliatus,
and a straggler, probably, from Colymbus septentrionalis (Bay of
Monterey, California); by Kellogg and Chapman, from Phalacro-
corax penicillatus (Bay of Monterey, California).
Lipeurus longicornis PrAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 334, pl. xxvIt,
fig. 3.—OsBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 233.
Recorded by Osborn from Phalacrocorax dilophus (Ames, Iowa).
Recorded by European authors from Phalacrocorax carbo and Ph.
cristatus. A straggler, probably, recorded by Denny “v.41 Hema-
topus ostralegus.
No. 1183, NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 61
Lipeurus toxoceros NiTzscu (ed. Giebel), Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 1866,
XXVIII, p. 386.—KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 131, pl. x,
figs 3 and 5
Recorded by Kellogg from Phalacrocorax dilophus albociliatus,
and a straggler, probably, from Pelecanus californicus; both hosts
from Bay of Monterey, California.
Lipeurus forficulatus Nirzscu (ed. Giebel), Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss.,
1866, XXVIII, p. 386.—KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. (29,
pl. rx, figs. 3-6.—OsBorn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals,
1896, p. 233.—KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja
California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 30.—
KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in
New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 102.
Recorded by Kellogg from Pelecanus californicus (Bay of Monte-
rey, California, and Baja California) and from Pelecanus erythro-
rhynchus (Lawrence, Kansas); by Osborn from “pelican” (P. ery-
throrhynchus ?) (Ames, Iowa).
Recorded by European authors from P. onocrotalus.
Lipeurus bifasciatus PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 342, pl. xxv1it,
fig. 1—Osporn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 233.
Recorded by Osborn from Pelecanus erythrorhynchus (Davenport,
Nebraska). -
Recorded by Piaget from P. crispus. .
Lipeurus gracilicornis PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 309, pl. xxv,
fig. 6.—KELLOGG (var. major K.), Mallophaga from Birds of
Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in new Mallophaga, IIT, 1899,
p 30, pl. 111, fig. 3.
Variety major Kellogg from Fregata aquila. The species recorded
by Piaget from Fregata minor.
Lipeurus temporalis NirtzscH, Germar’s Mag. Ent., 1818, Lil, p. 292.—
KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 130, pl. x, fig. 1.
Recorded by Kellogg from Merganser serrator (Bay of Monterey,
California). ;
Recorded by European authors from Mergus merganser and M.
serrator.
Lipeurus squalidus NirzscH, Germar’s Mag. Ent., 1818, III, p. 292.—
OSBORN, Notes on Mallophaga and Pediculide, Canad. Ent., 1884,
XVI, p. 198.—OsporRn, The Pediculi and Mallophaga Affecting
Man and the Lower Animals, 1891, p. 39, fig. 27.—KELLOGG, New
‘Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 132, pl. x, figs. 6, 7.—OsBorN, Insects
Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 233.—KELLOGG and CHAP-
MAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga,
IT, 1899, p. 102.
Recorded by Osborn from Anas boschas (locality?), Merganser
serrator (Cassino collection), Hniconetta stelleri (Stejneger collec-
62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
tion); by Kellogg from Anas boschas, Charitonetta albeola, Hrisma-
tura rubida (all Lawrence, Kansas); by Kellogg and Chapman
from Spatula clypeata (Palo Alto, California).
Recorded by European authors from numerous species of Anas,
Fuligula, Oidemia, and (varieties) from Cygnus.
Lipeurus constrictus KeLLocG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 125, pl-
VALUE TSS. (Os
From Oidemia perspicillata (Bay of Monterey, California, and
Lawrence, Kansas) and O. deglandi (Bay of Monterey, Calton
Lipeurus jejunus NirzscH, Germar’s Mag. Ent., 1818, 120, p. 292,—
OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1396, p. 234,
Recorded by Osborn from Anser albifrons gambeli (Cook collec-
tion).
Recorded by European authors from several species of Anser.
Lipeurus leucopygus NirscH, Burmeister, Handb. d. Ent., 1839, II, p.
434,—Var. fasciata PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 320.—Var.
fasciatus PIAGET, OSBORN, Insects Affecting Monee sails,
1896, p. 234.
Variety fasciata PIAGET, recorded by Osborn from Botaurus sp.
(Burnett collection). This variety recorded by Piaget from Ardea
stellaris.
Lipeurus botauri Osborn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896,
p. 234,
From Botaurus lentiginosus (locality ?).
Lipeurus luridus Nirzscu, Germar’s Mag. Ent., 1818, III, p. 292.—
OsBorRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 232.
Recorded by Osborn from Fulica americana (locality ?).
Lipeurus longipilus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 119, pl. VI,
fig. 7 :
From Fulica americana (Pacific Grove, California).
Lipeurus picturatus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 121, pl. v1,
figs. 1, 2.
icin Fulica americana (iawrence, Kansas).
Lipeurus infuscatus OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896,
p. 234, pl. U, figs. e, f.
From Philohela minor and Bartramia longicauda (Burnett collec-
tion).
Lipeurus dissimilis PrAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 359, pl. Xx1Xx,.fig.
1.—KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 507, pl. Lxv11t, fig. 7.
Recorded by Kellogg from Colinus virginianus (Lawrence, Kan-
Sas).
Recorded by Piaget from same host (Zoological Garden of Rot-
terdam).
No. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 63
Lipeurus docophoroides PrAGHT, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 357, pl. xxvii,
fig. 9—_KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 508, pl. Lx v1, fig.
8.—Var. californicus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from
Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, IIT, 1899, p. 103.
Recorded by Kellogg from Callipepla californica (Mountain View,
California).
Recorded by Piaget from same host species (Zoological Garden
of Rotterdam). Variety californicus Kellogg and Chapman from
Oreortyx pictus plumifrons (Ki Dorado County, California).
Lipeuras perplexus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of
California, in New Mallophaga, IIT, 1899, p. 103, pl. vu, fig. 5.
From Dendragapus obscurus fuliginosus (Kings River Canyon,
California) and Pediocetes phasianellus colwnbianus (Pullman,
Washington).
Lipeurus protervus KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja
California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 31, pl. 111,
fig. 4.
From Lagopus lagopus (Kadiak Island, Alaska).
Lipeurus polytrapezius Nirzscu, Germar’s Mag. Ent., 1818, III, p. 293.—
OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 234.
Recorded by Osborn from Meleagris gallopavo.
Recorded by European authors from the same host.
Lipeurus introductus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 500, pl.
LXVIHII, figs. 1, 5.
From Phasianus nycthemerus (bird store, San Francisco, Cali-
fornia).
Lipeurus variabilis Nirzscu, Osborn, Insects Affecting Domestic Ani-
mals, 1896, p. 254.
“A common species on domestic fowls” (Osborn).
Lipeurus heterographus Nirzscu, Osborn, Insects Affecting Domestic
Animals, 1896, p. 251.
Goniocotes burnettti PACKARD, Amer. Nat., 1870, IV, p. 94, fig. 116.
Recorded by Packard from ‘‘common barnyard fowl;” by Osborn
from “domestic fowl” (Burnett collection, and Ames, Iowa); also
from ‘“‘young duck” (Lincoln, Nebraska (?) ).
Lipeurus baculus NirzscH, Germar’s Mag. Ent., 1818, Ill, p. 293.—
OSBORN, Notes on Mallophaga and Pendiculide, Canad. Ent., 1884,
XVI, p. 198.—KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 506, pl.
LXVIII, figs. 4, 6—OsBorn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals,
1896, p. 232.
Recorded by Osborn from domestic pigeons (several collections) ;
by Kellogg from same host (Columba livia), (Lawrence, Kansas).
[Lipeurus pustulatus? OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896,
p. 234,
From Halictus leucocephalus (Burnett collection). I can find no
64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL.
description of this species and no other reference to it. Osborn’s
brief reference does not give the name of the describer, nor any
reference to any previous record of the species; on the other hand,
he does not give a description of the form. Can it be that Osborn
has meant to refer to quadri-pustulatus Nitzsch recorded by Euro-
pean authors from Aquila chrysetos and A. albicilla ?|
Lipeurus macgregori KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama,
Baja California, and fot, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 33,
pl. 111, figs. 5, 6.
From Cr Boniage sulcirostris (Panama).
Lipeurus macrocephalus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, IT, 1896, p. 504, pl.
LXVIII, fig. 3.
From Chordeiles virginianus henryt (Palo Alto, California).
Lipeurus suodetaee) KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 502, pl.
LXVIII, fig. 2.
From Trochilus rufus (Palo Alto, California).
Lipeurus corvi PACKARD, Amer. Nat., 1870, IV, p. 99, pl. 1, fig. 2
From the crow (Corvus americanus ?) (locality ?).
Lipeurus gracilis PACKARD, Amer. Nat., 1870, IV, p. 95, pl. 1, fig. 6.
No host; no locality.
Lipeurus elongatus PACKARD, Amer. Nat., 1870, IV, p. 95, pl. 1, figs. 4, 4a.
No host; no locality.
Genus GIEBELIA Kellogg.
Giebelia KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 137.
Giebelia mirabilis KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 138, pl. x1,
figs. 7, 8.—-KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 105.
Recorded by Kellogg from Puffinus gavia (Bay of Monterey); by
Kellogg and Chapman from Puffinus griseus, P, creatopus, P. tenui-
rostris, P. bulleri, and probably a straggler, from Diomedea albatrus
(all from Bay of Monterey, California).
Genus EURYMETOPUS Taschenberg.
Hurymetonus TASCHENBERG, Die Mallophagen, 1882, p. 182.
Eurymetopus brevis DUFOUR, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1835, IV, p. 674, pl.
XXXI, fig. 3.—OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896,
p. 233.
- Lipeurus taurus Nrvzscu, OSBORN, Proe. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1889, p. 188.
Hurymetopus taurus NiTzscH, KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896,
p-. 135, pl. x1, figs. 3-6.—KELLOGG, Mallophaga frem Birds of
Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899,
p. 39..-KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of Cali-
fornia, in New Mallophaga, ITI, 1899, p. 109.
Recorded by Osborn from Diomedea exulans (Albatross expedi-
No. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 65
tion) ; by Kellogg from Diomedea albatrus (Bay of Monterey, Cali-
fornia), Diomedea nigripes (North Pacifie Ocean; off Alaska), and,
as a straggler, probably, from Fulmarus glacialis glupischa and F.
g. rodgersvi (Bay of Monterey, California); recorded by Kellogg
and Chapman, as a straggler, probably, from Puffinus gavia (Bay
of Monterey, California).
Recorded by European authors from Diomedea exulans, D.nigripes,
and D. brachyura.
Genus ORNITHOBIUS Denny.
Ornithobius DENNY, Monograph. Anoplur. Brit., 1842, p. 183.
Ornithobius goniopleurus DENNY, Monograph. Auoplur. Brit., 1842, p. 184,
pl. xx1, fig. 2.—OsBorn. Insects Affecting Domestic Animals,
1896, p. 236.
Recorded by Osborn from branta canadensis (Burnett collection).
Recorded by Denny from Cygnus canadensis and from Mergus
merganser (Great Britain).
Ornithobius cygni LINN ZUS (Pediculus), Syst. Nat., 1759, II, p. 1018.—
OsBorRN, The Pediculi and Mallophaga Affecting Man and the
Lower Animals, 1891, p. 42, fig. 30; Insects Affecting Domestic
Animals, 1896, p. 236.
Ornithobius bucephalus GIEBEL, OSBORN, Notes on Mallophaga and
Pediculidee, Canad. Ent., 1884, X VI, p. 198.
Recorded by Osborn from Olor buccinator (Ames, Iowa).
Recorded by European authors from Cygnus musicus and C. olor.
Genus ONCOPHORUS Rudow.
Oncophorus RuDow, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 1870, XXXV, p. 175.
Oncophorus bisetosus PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 217, pl. xv111,
fig. 4.—Var. californicus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from
Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 106, pl. vu,
fig. 6.
Variety caltifornicus Kellogg and Chapman, from Rallus obsoletus
and fk. virginianus (Palo Alto, California).
Variety porzane Piaget, from Porzana noveboracensis (specimen
from North America in Museum of Leyden).
The species is recorded by Piaget from Rallina plumbeiventris,
R. tricolor, and R. isabellina.
Oncophorus minutus Nirzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 291
(Philopterus).—OsBorRN, Notes on Mallophaga and Pediculide,
Canad. Ent., 1884, X VI, p. 198; Insects Atfecting Domestic Ani-
mals, 1896, p. 230.
Recorded by Osborn from Fulica americana (Ames, lowa).
Recorded by European authors from Fulica atra, Gallinula
chloropus, G. orientalis, and G. hematopus.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 5
66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
Oncophorus advena KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 133, pl. x1,
figs. 1, 2.
From Fulica americana, and Urinator pacificus (Bay of Monterey,
California).
Oncophorus remotus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 107, pl. V1, fig. 7.
From Scotiaptex cinerea (Pullman, Washington).
Genus GONIOCOTES Burmeister.
Goniocotes BURMEISTER, Handb. d. Entomologie, 1839, II, p. 431.
Goniocotes creber KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 510, pl. LXIx,
fig. 3.
From Phasianus nycthemerus (bird store, San Francisco, Cali-
fornia).
Goniocotes compar NITZSCH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 294.—
KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 512, pl. Lx1x, fig. 4.—
OsBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 230.
Recorded by Kellogg from Columba livia (Lawrence, Kansas); by
Osborn from same host (Burnett collection).
Genus GONIODES Nitzsch.
Goniodes NiTzscH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 293.
Goniodes ortygis PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 282, pl. xxtI, fig. 6.
From Ortyx virginianus (specimens from North Americ¢a, in the
Zoological Garden of Rotterdam).
Goniodes dispar Nirzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 294.—
OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 230.
Recorded by Osborn from quail (Ortyx virginianus ?) (Cassino
collection).
Recorded by European authors from Perdix cinerea.
Goniodes mammillatus Rubow, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 1870, XX XV,
p. 483.— KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 509, pl. Lxtx, fig. 2;
Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska,
in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 35.—KELLoGG and CHAPMAN,
Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899,
p. 109.
Recorded by Kellogg from Callipepla californica (Mountain View,
California), and from Lagopus lagopus (Kadiak Island, Alaska) by
Kellogg and Chapman from Pediocetes phasianellus columbianus
(Pullman, Washington). Described by Rudow from Pelecanus
ruficollis (must have been an instance of straggling) and recorded
by Taschenberg from Callipepla californica.
Goniodes cupido GIEBEL, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 1866, XX VIII,
p. 387.—OsBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p.231.
Recorded by Osborn from Tympanuchus americanus (C. B. Cook
collection).
Recorded by European authors from Tetrao cupido.
NO. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 67
Goniodes merriamanus PACKARD, Rept. U. 8S. Geol. and Geog. Survey,
1872, p. 731.
From Tetrao richardson (no locality).
Goniodes stylifer Nitzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 294.—
OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 231.
Recorded by Osborn from Meleagris gallopavo (Hassall, Balti-
more, Maryland).
Recorded by European authors from same host.
Goniodes cervinicornis GIEBEL, Insecta Epizoa, 1874, p. 199.— KELLOGG,
New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 509, pl. LXIXx, fig. 1.
Recorded by Kellogg from Phasianus nycthemerus (bird store,
San Francisco, California).
Recorded by European authors from same host and Tragopan
satyrus. :
Goniodes damicornis NiTzscH (ed. Giebel), Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss.,
1866, XX VII, p. 119.—OsBorn, Insects Affecting Domestic Ani-
mals, 1896, p. 231.
Recorded by Osborn from the “ pigeon” (Columba livia) (Cassino
collection).
Recorded by European authors from Columba palumbus.
Goniodes falcicornis N11zScH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 293.—
OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 231.
Recorded by Osborn as ‘‘ common on the pea-fowl.”
Recorded by European authors from Pavo cristatus. 3
|Goniodes mephitidis PACKARD, Kept. U.S. Geol. and Geog. Survey, 1872,
p. 732.
Taken from a skunk, Mephitis, but probably a straggler from
some gallinaceous bird which was the prey of the animal. |
Family TRICHODECTID 4% Burmeister.
Genus TRICHODECTES Nitzseh.
Trichodectes Nivzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 294.
Trichodectes scalaris Nrtzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 296.—
OSBORN, The Pediculi and Mallophaga Affecting Man and the Lower
Animals, Bull. 7, Div. of Ent., U. 8. Dept. Ag., 1891, p. 47, fig. 36;
Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 238.
From domestic cattle. :
Trichodectes parumpilosus PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 397, pl. XXx11,
fig. 5.—OSBORN, The Pediculi and Mallophaga, 1891, p. 46, fig. 35;
Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 258.
From the horse (Ames, Iowa).
Trichodectes climax Nitzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 296.—
OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 237.
From the domestic goat (Hassall collection, Baltimore).
68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
Trichodectes spherocephalus Nirzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, ITI, ©
p. 296.—OsBorv, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 237.
From domestic sheep (Canada and Iowa).
Trichodectes limbatus GERVAIS, Apteres, IIT, 1844, p. 313, pl. vu, fig. 1.—
OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 237.
From domestic goat (Hassall collection, Baltimore).
Trichodectes subrostratus NirzScH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III,
p. 296.—OsBorn, The Pediculi and Mallophaga, 1891, p. 42, fig. 31;
Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 237.
From domestic cat (‘‘ Fitch and other American collections”).
Trichodectes retusus NITZSCH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 296.—
OsBorNn, Notes on Mallophaga and Pediculide, Canad. Ent., 1884,
XVI, p. 98; Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 237.
From Putorius ermineus (locality?) and the weasel (Ames, Iowa.)
Trichodectes setosus GIEBEL, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 1861, X VII,
p. 86.—OsBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 239,
fig. 145.
From the porcupine Hrethizon dorsatum (Nebraska).
Trichodectes crassus NrrzscH, Germar’s Mag. d. Hnt., 1318, III, p. 295.—
OsBorRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 237.
From Procyon lotor (Burnett collection).
Trichodectes geomydis OSBORN, The Pediculi and Mallophaga, 1891, p. 54,
fig. 42; Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 239, fig. 146.
From Geomys bursarius (Ames, Iowa) and Thomomys botte (Cali-
fornia).
Trichodectes parallelus OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals,
1896, p. 240, fig. 148.
From the “deer” (species?) (Cornell collection).
Trichodectes tibialis OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896,
p. 240, fig. 147.
From black-tailed deer (Baker collection).
Trichodectes castoris OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896,
p. 241, fig. 149.
From the beaver (locality ?).
Trichodectes mephitidis OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals,
1896, p. 242, fig. 150.
From polecat, Spilogale interrupta (Tama County, lowa), and from
Mephitis mephitica (Nebraska and California).
Trichodectes quadraticeps CHAPMAN, Entomological News, 1897, VIII,
p. 185, pl. 1X.
From the fox, Urocyon virginianus (Palo Alto, California).
Trichodectes californicus CHAPMAN, Entomological News, 1897, VIII,
p. 186, pl. Ix.
From the pocket mouse, Peroynathus sp. (Baja California).
No. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 69
Suborder AMBLYCERA Kellogg.
Family LIOTHEIDA‘ Burmeister.
Genus LZ MOBOTHRIUM Nitzsch.
Lemobothrium Nirzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 301.
Lemobothrium similis KELLOGG, New Mallophaga I, 1896, p. 153, pl.
XIV, figs. 1, 2.
From Colymbus nigricollis californicus (Lawrence, Kansas),
Lemobothrium atrum NirzscH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p.302.—
KELLOGG, New Mallophaga I, 1896, p. 155, pl. XIV, fig. 3—OsBorRN,
Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 247.
Recorded by Kellogg from Fulica americana (Bay of Monterey,
California); by Osborn from unknown host.
Recorded by European authors from Fulica atra and Podiceps
rubricollis.
Lemobothrium hasticeps NirzscH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p.
302.—OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 247.
Osborn’s specimens (by typographical error referred to as hastipes)
were sent him by Dr. C. Hart Merriam; host and locality unin-
dicated by Osborn.
Recorded by European authors from Falco tinnunculus.
Lemobothrium giganteum NirzscH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III,
p. 301.—OsBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 247.
Recorded by Osborn from Thrysetos harpyia (Beutenmiiller).
Recorded by European authors from Buteo vulgaris.
Genus PHYSOSTOMUM Nitzseh.
Physostomum NiTzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 302.
Physostomum invadens KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama,
Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga III, 1899, p. 50.
From Melanerpes wagleri and Chiroxiphia lanceolata (Panama).
Physostomum lineatum OsBorn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals,
1896, p. 248.
From Trochilus colubris (Cornell University collection).
Physostomum prominens KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds
of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 137, pl. 1x, fig. 5.
From Colypte coste (Ontario, California).
Physostomum angulatum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 515,
pl. LxXx, fig. 5.
From Tyrannus tyrannus (Lawreuce, Kansas).
Physostomum sucinaceum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga II, 1896, p. 514,
pl. Lxx, fig. 2.— KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds
of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 137.
From Hmpidonax difficilis (Palo Alto, California).
TO _ PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXL
Physostomum diffusum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 518, pl.
LXX, fig. 3; var. pallidum KELLOGG, Idem, p. 519.— KELLOGG and
CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallo-
phaga ITI, 1899, p. 137.
Recorded by Kellogg from Zonotrichia coronata and Passerculus
sandvicensis (Paio Alto, California); by Kellogg and Chapman from
Junco hyemalis oregonus (Pullman, Washington). Variety pallidum
Kellogg, from Junco sp. (Lawrence, Kansas).
Physostomum microcephalum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, IT, 1896, p. 518,
le Teprexg, rier, IE,
From Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis (Palo Alto, California).
Physostomum australe KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 516, pl.
LXX, fig. 4.
From Passerina versicolor (Cameron County, Texas).
Physostomum pallens KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama,
Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 49,
[OM IA, 1iker: Ci
From Protonotaria citrea and Hlainea subpagana (Panama).
Physostomum frenatum NiTzscH, Burmeister, Handb. d. Ent., 1839, I,
p. 442.—OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 248.
Recorded by Osborn from “golden-crowned Kinglet” (Regulus
satrapa) (Laurent collection). ‘ Very similar forms from Passerella
iliaca (Cassino collection), and Pipilo erythrophthalmus, from Dr.
Merriam” (Osborn).
Recorded by Nitzsch from Regulus verus.
Genus TRINOTON Nitzseh.
Trinoton NitzscH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 300.
Trinoton luridum NitrzscuH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 300.—
OsBORN, Notes on Mallophaga and Pediculide, Canad. Ent., 1884,
XVI, p. 199.—KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 152, pl. x11,
fig. 4.—OsBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p.
248.—KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja Cali-
fornia, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, ITT, 1899, p.35.—KELLOGG
and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mal-
lophaga, III, 1899, p. 116.
Recorded by Osborn from Anas boschas; “have met with it a
number of times myself, and have noted it in collections of the
U. S. National Museum, the Cassino collection, from Mergus ser-
rator, Bruner collection, Kellogg collection, ete.” (Osborn).
recorded by Kellogg from Spatula clypeata, Merganser serrator,
Anas carolinensis, Dafila acuta, Anas boscas, and Anas americana
(Lawrence, Kansas); from Hrismatura rubida (Monterey, Califor-
nia), and from Anas carolinensis (Kadiak Island, Alaska).
Recorded by Kellogg and Chapman from Anas americana and
Aythya marila nearctica (Palo Alto, California), and from Spatula
clypeata (Mountain View, California).
NO. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. (Al
—
Recorded by European authors from numerous species of Anas
and from other ducks; and also from Branta rufina and Egretta
alba.
Trinoton lituratum Nirzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 300.—
KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 151, pl. xi, fig. 3—_OsBorn,
Insects Affecting Domestic Animais, 1896, p. 248.—KELLOGG and
CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Malloph-
aga, III, 1899, p. 116.
Recorded by Kellogg from Dafila acuta and Merganser serrator
(Lawrence, Kansas); by Osborn from ‘“blue-winged teal” (Cassino
collection); by Kellogg and Chapman from Spatula clypeata (Moun-
tain View, California).
Recorded by European authors from Mergus albellus, Anas clyp-
eata, Dendrocygna arborea, and Anser albifrons.
Trinoton minor OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p.
248.
From Oidemia sp. (Burnett collection).
Genus ANCISTRONA Westwood.
Ancistrona WESTWOOD, Thesaurus Entomologicus Oxoniensis, 1874, p. 197.
Ancistrona gigas PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, Supplement, 1885, p. 117, pl.
XI, fig. 8_KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 150, pl. x11,
figs. 1, 2.— KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 116.
Recorded by Kellogg from Fulmarus glacialis glupischa and F’. q.
rodgersii, and by Kellogg and Chapman from Puffinus gavia, and
P. griseus (all hosts from Bay of Monterey, California).
Recorded by Piaget from Procellaria glacialis.
Genus NITZSCHIA Denny.
Nitzschia DENNY, Monograph. Anoplur. Brit., 1842, p. 230.
Nitzschia pulicaris Nitzscu, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 1861, X VITI, p.
304.—OSBORN, Notes on Mallophaga and Pediculid, Canad. Ent.,
1884, XVI, p. 199; Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p.
247,
Recorded by Osborn from Cheetura pelasgica (Ames, Lowa).
Recorded by European authors from Cypselus apus.
Nitzschia dubius KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 540, pl. Lx x11,
fig. 6.
From OChetura pelasgica (Lawrence, Kansas).
Genus COLPOCEPHALUM Nitzsch.
Colpocephalum Nitzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 298.
Colpocephalum perplanus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from
Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, ILI, 1899, p. 109, pl. v1I,
fig. 8.
From Lunda cirrhata (Bay of Monterey, California).
72 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
Colpocephalum funebre KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 147, pl.
xu, fig. 7— KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1897, p. 111.
Recorded by Kellogg from Larus glaucescens (Bay of Monterey,
California); by Kellogg and Chapman from ZL. heermanni (Bay of
Monterey, California).
Colpocephalum lari PACKARD, American Naturalist, 1870, IV, p. 96, pl.
le talfe, I
From Larus marinus (locality ?).
Colpocephalum abbotti KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama,
Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, IIT, 1899, p. 36,
pl. Iv, fig. 9.
From Larus sp. (Baja California).
Colpocephalum fuscipes PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 567, pl. XLYVII,
fig. 7.—OsBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p.
246.
Recorded by Osborn from Larus sp. (Cassino collection).
Recorded by Piaget from Larus dominicanus.
Colpocephalum pingue KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 144, pl.
XH, fig. 5 KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 111.
From Diomedea albatrus (Bay of Monterey, California).
Colpocephalum unciferum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 140,
pl. xu, figs. 1-3.
From Pelecanus erythrorhynchus (Lawrence, Kansas) and P. cali-
Jornicus (Bay of Monterey, California).
Colpocephalum spineum KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama,
Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 38,
leas, filer ol
From Fregata aquila (Panama).
Colpocephalum laticeps KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, 1, 1896, p. 149, pl.
XII, fig. 8.
From Ardea egretta (Lawrence, Kansas).
Colpocephalum assimile PIAGET’, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 544.—OsBoRN,
Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 246.
Recorded by Osborn from Ames, Iowa (Osborn collection), host
not specifically given, but by implication Grus americana; also
from “whooping crane” (Grus americana) (Lamar, Colorado).
Recorded by Piaget from Grus americana (Zoological Garden of
Lotterdam).
Colpocephalum uniforme KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 142, pl.
xT, fio. 4.
From Recurvirostra americana (Lawrence, Kansas).
NO. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 13
Colpocephalum ochraceum NITZSCH, Germar’s Mag. d. [nt., 1818, iil, p.
299.—OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 246.
Recorded by Osborn from Tringa maculata (Burnett collection).
Recorded by European authors from Vanellus cristatus, V. varius,
Himantopus rufipes, Charadrius morinellus, Tringa variabilis, Li-
mosa rufa, Macrorhamphus griseus, Charadrius hiaticula, Totanus
hypoleucus, Heematopus ostralegus, and Sterna minuta.
Colpocephalum spinulosum PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 563, pl.
XLVU, fig. 3; var. minor KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga
from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, ITI, 1899, p. 112, pl.
vil, fig. 9.
Variety minor Kellogg and Chapman, from Calidris arenaria
(Pacific Grove, California).
The species recorded by Piaget from Limosa melanura.
Colpocephalum timidum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 145, pl.
XI, fig. 6 KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 112.
Recorded by Kellogg from Charadrius dominicus (Lawrence,
Kansas); by Kellogg and Chapman from C. squatarola (Pacifie
Grove, California).
Colpocephalum longicaudum PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 534, pl.
XLIV, fig. 6.—OsBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896,
p. 246.
Recorded by Osborn from ‘carrier pigeon” (Bur nett collection).
‘“ Also @ Specimen very similar on Gallus gallus (Burnett collec-
tion)” (Osborn).
Recorded by Piaget from Columba domestica and ‘*probablement
comme deserteur” from Phasianus reevesii.
Colpocephalum flavescens NiTzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, ILI, p.
298.—OsBORN, Notes on Mallophaga and Pediculid, Canad. Ent.,
1884, X VI, p. 198.—KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 525, pl.
LXXI, fig. 4.OsBorvy, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896,
p. 246.—KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 113.
Recorded by Osborn from Hlanoides forficatus (Ames, lowa); by
Kellogg from Archibuteo lagopus sancti-johannis and Halietus leu-
cocephalus (Lawrence, Kansas); by Kellogg and Chapman from
Aquila chrysetos (Palo Alto, California), and Haliwtus pelagicus
(brought to California from Arctic Ocean).
Recorded by European authors from Halictus albicilla, H. leuco-
gaster, Aquila nevia Gypetos barbatus, Harpyia destructor, Mil-
vus regalis, Astur palumbarius, Falco peregrinus, Pernis apivorus,
Buteo vulgaris, Circus cinereus, and Nyctea nivea.
Colpocephalum osborni KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 521, io
LXXI, figs. 2 and 3.
Reon Elanus leucurus (Palo Alto, California).
74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII
Colpocephalum maculatum PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 516, pl. XLT,
fig. 1—KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja Cal-
ifornia, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, 11, 1899, p. 40, pl. Iv,
fig. 2.
Recorded by Kellogg from Polyborus cheriway (Baja California).
Recorded by Piaget from Polyborus brasiliensis (Zoological Gar-
den of Rotterdam).
Colpocephalum subpachygaster PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 517, pl.
XLII, fig. 2.—OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896,
p. 246.
Recorded by Osborn from Bubo virginianus (Burnett collection).
Recorded by Piaget from Strix noctua, S. flammea, and 8.
passerind.
Colpocephalum pustolusum PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 559, pl. XLVI,
fig. 8.— OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 246.
Recorded by Osborn from Ceryle aleyon (Burnett collection).
Recorded by Piaget from Machetes pugnax.
Colpocephalum subeequale NITZScH, Germar’s Mag. d. Hnt., 1818, II, p.
299, KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 525, pl. Lx xi, fig. 1;
Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in
New Mallophaga, ILI, 1899, p. 40.
Recorded by Kellogg from Corvus americanus (Palo Alto, Cal-
ifornia) and Corvus corax sinuatus (Baja California).
Recorded by European authors from Corvus corax, C. frugilegus,
and C. corone.
Colpocephalum chrysopheum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p.
520, pl. LXX1, fig. 1.
From Melospiza fasciata samuelis (Palo Alto, California).
Colpocephalum grandiculum KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from
Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 113, pl. vi,
fig. 10.
From Pipilo fuscus crissalis (Palo Alto, California).
Colpocephalum diffusum KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama,
Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 40, pl.
IV, figs. 3, 4.
Recorded by Kellogg from Amblycercus holosericeus, Arremonops
striaticeps, Sultator albicollis, Phenicothraupis fuscicauda, Hlainea
subpagana, Dendroica vieilloti, Piaya cayana thermophila, Chiroxt-
phia lanceolata, and Butorides virescens.
Colpocephalum fumidum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, IT, 1896, p. 523, pl.
LXXI, fig. 5.
From Psaltriparus minimus (Palo Alto, California).
NO. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 15
Genus MENOPON Nitzseh.
Menepon Nitzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 299.
Menopon tridens Nirzscu, Burmeister, Handb. d. Ent., 1839, I, p. 440.—
KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896 (varieties pacificum Kellogg,
insolens Kellogg, and par Kellogg), p. 165, pl. xv, figs. 3, 4.—
OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 244.—KEL-
LOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New
Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 116.
Recorded by Kellogg, variety pacificum Kellogg, from Urinator
pacificus and Fulica americana (Monterey, California); variety inso-
lens Kellogg from Colymbus nigricollis californicus (Bay of Monte-
rey, California); and Sterna forstert (Lawrence, Kansas), variety par
Kellogg, from Achmophorus occidentalis (Lawrence, Kansas).
Recorded by Osborn from Fulica americana (Ames, Iowa).
Recorded by Kellogg and Chapman from Rallus obsoletus and R.
virgimianus (Palo Alto, California).
Menopon infrequens KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 161, pl. xv,
fig. 5. KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of Cali-
fornia, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 117.
Recorded by Kellogg from Larus glaucescens (Bay of Monterey,
California), by Kellogg and Chapman from L. delawarensis (same
locality).
Menopon navigans KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 156, pl. x1v,
figs. 4, 5.
From Diomedea albatrus (Bay of Monterey, California).
Menopon irrumpens KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 117, pl. vin, fig. 1.
From Diomedea albatrus (Bay of Monterey, California).
Menopon numerosum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 159, pl. xv,
fioael:
From Fulmarus glacialis glupischa and F. g. rodgersii (Bay of
Monterey, California).
Mencpon paululum KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of
California, in New Mallophaga, ITI, 1899, p. 119, pl. v111, fig. 2.
From Puffinus gavia, P. griseus, and P. creatopus (Bay of Monte-
rey, California).
Menopon petulans KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 121, pl. v111, fig. 3.
From Puffinus gavia and P. griseus (Bay of Monterey, California).
Menopon titan PrAGHT, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 503, pl. XL, fig. 7.—
KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896 (varieties impar Kellogg and
linearis Kellogg) p. 163, pl. xv, fig. 2,— KELLOGG, Mallophaga from
Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga,
III, 1899 (variety linearis Kellogg) p. 43.—KELLOGG and CHAP-
76 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XX.
MAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III,
1899 (varieties linearis Kellogg and incompositum Kellogg and
Chapman), p. 123.
Recorded by Kellogg, variety impar Kellogg from Pelecanus
erythrorhynchus (Lawrence, Kansas); variety linearis Kellogg from
Pelecanus californicus (Bay of Monterey, California, and Baja Cal-
ifornia); by Kellogg and Chapman, variety incompositum Kellogg
and Chapman from Phalacrocorax penicillatus (Bay of Monterey,
California).
Menopon consanguineum PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, Supplement, 1885,
p. 116, pl. x11, fig. 7— RILEY and HowARbD, Insect Life, 1893, V,
p. 284.—OsBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p.
243.
Recorded by Riley and Howard from “ white pelican” (River-
dale, California); by Osborn from “ pelican” (Pelecanus erythro-
rhynchus) (Ames, Iowa), and on “‘ specimens examined in collections
of United States National Museum, Kansas University, Boston
Society of Natural History, etc.”
Menopon aurifasciatum KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama,
Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 43,
pl. Iv, fig. 5.
From Fregata aquila (Panama).
Menopon loomisii KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 162, pl. xv,
fig. 6.
From Oidemia deglandi (Bay of Monterey, California).
Menopon indistinctum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 157, pl. xv,
figs. 6, 7.
From Recurvirostra americana (Lawrence, Kansas).
Menopon crocatum NiITzscu, ed. Giebel, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 1866,
XXVIII, p. 392.—OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals,
1896, p. 244.
Recorded by Osborn from Philohela minor and Limosa hemastica
(Burnett collection).
Recorded by Nitzsch from Numenius arquata.
Menopon pallescens Nrtzscu, ed. Giebel, Zeitschr.f. ges. Naturwiss., 1866,
XXVIII, p. 391.—OsBorn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals,
1896, p. 243.
Recorded by Osborn from Colinus virginianus (Burnett collec-
tion).
Recorded by European authors from Perdix cinerea.
Menopon striatum KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja
California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, ILI, 1899, p. 44, pl. Iv,
fig. 6.
From Lagopus lagopus (Kadiak Island, Alaska).
NO. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. all
Menopon monostechum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 530, pl.
LXXII, fig. 4.
From Phasianus nycthemerus (bird store, San Francisco, Cali-
fornia).
Menopon pallidum NitTzscH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 299.—
OsBORN, Notes on Mallophaga and Pediculide, Canad. Ent., 1884,
XVI, p. 198; Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 243.
Recorded by Osborn from the domestic fowl.
Recorded by European authors from the domestic fowl, pigeons,
and ducks.
Menopon biseriatim PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 469, pl. Xxxvit,
fig. 2,—_OsBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 243.
Recorded by Osborn from domestic fowl (Baltimore; Cornell Uni-
versity collection).
Recorded by Piaget from domestic fowl, Huplocamus cuvieri,
Phasianus colchicus, Pavo speciferus, aud Meleagris gallopavo.
Menopon longicephalum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 535,
pl. LXx1Ii, fig. 4.
From the pigeon, Columba livia (Lawrence, Kansas).
Menopon decoratum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p.526, pl. Lx x11,
fig. 2.
From Hlanus leucurus (Palo Alto, California).
Menopon fulvo-fasciatum PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 417, pl. xxxtiI,
fig. 3—OsBorv, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 244.
Recorded by Osborn from Milvus sp. incog. {Burnett collection).
Recorded by Piaget from Buteo vulgaris, and a variety, minor,
from Accipiter nisus.
Menopon funereum KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 124, pl. v111, fig. 6.
From Dryobates pubescens gairdnert and Coccothraustes vesper-
tinus montanus (California).
Menopon precursor KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja
California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 46, pl. 1v,
fig. 8.
From Melanerpes uropygialis (Baja California).
Menopon distinctum KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds
of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 126, pl. v111, fig. 7.
From Myiarchus cinerascens and Heleodytes brunneicapillus (Onta-
rio, California).
Menopon persignatum KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds
of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 128, pl. 1x, fig. 1.
From Aphelocoma californica (Mountain View, California).
Menopon interruptus OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896,
p. 245, pl. H, fig. h.
From Corvus americanus (Ames, lowa; also Burnett collection).
78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.. VOL. XX.
Menopon mesoleucum NiTzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, ITI, p. 300.—.
KELLOGG, var. americanum Kellogg, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p.
539, pl. LXXIII, fig. 3.
Variety americanum Kellogg from Corvus americanus (Lawrence,
Kansas, and Palo Alto, California).
The species recorded by European authors from Corvus cornia
and C. corone.
Menopon expansum OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896,
p. 245, pl. 01, fig. j.
From Dolichonyx oryzivorus (Burnett collection).
Menopon crassipes PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 450, pl. xxxv, fig.
7.—OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 244.
Recorded by Osborn from Jecterus galbula (Burnett collection).
Recorded by Piaget from Hpimachus magnificus.
Menopon carduelis DENNY, Monograph. Anoplur. Brit., 1842, p. 2 8, pl.
Xx, fig. 7.-OSBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p.
244,
Recorded by Osborn from Spinus tristis (Burnett collection).
Recorded by Denny from Fringilla cardueiis.
Menopon mestum KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of
California, in New Mallophaga, ITI, 1899, p. 130, pl. 1x, fig. 2.
From Zonotrichia coronata and Melospiza fasciata samuelis (Palo
Alto, California).
Menopon melanorum KELLOGG, New Maillophaga, II, 1896, p. 532, pl.
LXXti, tig. 1
From Pipilo erythrophthalmus (Lawrence, Kansas).
Menopon dissimile KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 536, pl.
LXXIUM, fig. 5.
From Progne subis (Lawrence, Kansas).
Menopon rusticum GIEBEL, Insecta Epizoa, 1874, p. 288._-OsBorN,
Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 243.
Recorded by Osborn from Progne subis (Ames, Lowa).
Recorded by Giebel from Hirundo rustica.
Menopon malleus Nirzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Hnt., 1818 (Hureum), ITT, p.
301.--KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of Califor-
nia, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 133, pl. rx, fig. 3.
Recorded by Kellogg and Chapman from Petrochelidon lunifrons
(Ontario, California).
Recorded by European authors from Hirundo rustica.
Menopon ridulosum KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 135, pl. 1x, fig. 4.
From Dendroica estiva (Palo Alto, California).
NO. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 719
Menopon robustum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 528, pl.
LXXxI, fig. 3.
From Psaltriparus minimus (Palo Alto, California).
Menopon incertum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 533, pl.
LXXIII, fig. 2—_ KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 130.
Recorded by Kellogg from Turdus ustulatus and Spinus tristis
(Palo Alto, California); by Kellogg and Chapman from Chondestes
grammacus strigatus (Ontario, California), and Thryothorus bewicki
spilurus (Palo Alto, California).
Menopon fusco-marginatus OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals,
1896, p. 245.
From Turdus minor (Burnett collection).
Geass GYRO WS INhiwaselag
Gyropus NITZscH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 302.
Gyropus ovalis Nirzscu, Germars Mag. f. Ent., 1818, III, p. 304.—
OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 216, and
p. 249, fig. 140.
Recorded by Osborn from guinea pig (Cavia sobaya) (Baltimore).
Recorded by European authors from same host, which is its only
one.
Gyropus gracilis NitzscH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 304.—
OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 215, and
p. 249, fig. 139.
Recorded by Osborn from guinea pig (Cavia sobaya) (Baltimore).
Reported by European authors from same host, which is its only
one.
SUMMARY.
So far 282 species of Mallophaga have been recorded from North
American hosts, of which 264 species are from birds and 18 from mam-
mals, These species of Mallophaga represent 18 out of the 21 recog-
nized genera. Ail of these genera except one (Giebelia) were estab-
lished for specimens taken from European hosts. Of the 264 species of
Mallophaga from North American birds, 107 are species originally
described from European hosts (in 11 cases the American specimens
being called varieties). The remaining 157 species were described from
American hosts.
ist On Osis: WirMel PAwky ASME is:
BIRDS.
The sequence and nomenclature of hosts is, where possible, that of
the American Ornithologists’ Union Check-list of North American
Birds, second edition, 1895; where the hosts have been recorded under
names not recognized by the Check-list I have, where the synonymy
80 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
could certainly be made out, used the Check-list name. In cases of
doubtful records or references to vernacular names only of host, I have
indicated the doubt by a preceding point of interrogation and have
given exact reference to the record in following parentheses:
ZEchmophorus occidentalis.
Menopon tridens Nitzsch, var. par Kellogg.
Colymbus nigricollis californicus.
Docophorus pertusus Nitzsch.
lari Denny.
kansensis Kellogg.
Nirmus fuscomarginatus Denny, var. americanus Kellogg and
Chapman.
Laemobothrium similis Kellogg.
Menopon tridens Nitzsch, var. insolens Kellogg.
Urinator pacificus.
Docophorus colymbinus Denny.
graviceps Kellogg.
Oncophorus advena Kellogg.
Menopon tridens Nitzsch, var. pacificum Kellogg.
Urinator lumme.
Docophorus colymbinus Denny.
lari Denny.
Tipeurus faralloni Kellogg. (Straggler ?)
Lunda cirrhata.
Nirmus pacificus Kellogg and Chapman.
Colpocephalum perplanum Kellogg and Chapman.
Cerorhinca monocerata.
Docophorus acutipectus Kellogg.
Nirmus maritimus Kellogg and Chapman.
Ptychoramphus aleuticus.
Docophorus insolitus Kellogg.
montereyt Kellogg.
Nirmus maritimus Kellogg and Chapman.
Simorhynchus cristatellus.
Nirmus citrinus Nitzseh.
Simorhynchus pygmeus.
Nirmus citrinus Nitzseh.
Simorhynchus pusillus.
Nirmus citrinus Nitzsch.
Synthliboramphus antiquus.
Docophorus atricolor Kellogg.
montereyt Kellogg.
Nirmus citrinus Nitzsch.
maritemus Kelle vg and Chapman.
No. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAG A—KELLOGG. Sl
Brachyramphus marmoratus.
Docophorus atricolor Kellogg.
montereyt Kellogg.
Cepphus columba.
Docophorus procax Kellogg.
Nirmus fuscomarginatus Denny, var. americanus Kellogg and
Chapman.
pacificus Kellogg and Chanman
Uria troile californica.
Docophorus calous Kellogg.
Alle alle.
Nirmus citrinus Nitzseh.
Stercorarius pomarinus.
Docophorus melanocephalus Burmeister.
Nirmus triangulatus Nitzsch.
Lipeurus laculatus Kellogg and Chapman.
Rissa tridactyla pollicaris.
Docophorus lari Denny.
Nirmus lineolatus Nitzsch, var. atrimarginatus Kellogg and Chap-
man.
Larus glaucus.
Docophorus lari Denny.
Larus glaucescens.
Docophorus lari Denny.
Nirmus lineolatus Nitzsch.
Colpocephalum funebre Kellogg
Menopon infrequens Kellogg.
Larus marinus.
Colpocephalum lari Packard.
uarus occidentalis.
Docophorus lari Denny.
Nirmus lineolatus Nitzsch.
punctatus Nitzsch.
Larus argentatus smithsonianus.
Docophorus lari Denny.
Nirmus fuscomarginatus Denny, var. americanus Kellogg and
Chapman.
lineolatus Nitzsch.
Larus vege.
Docophorus lari Denny.
Nirmus lineolatus Nitzsch.
lineolatus Nitzsch, var. atrimarginatus Kellogg aud Chap-
man.
Larus californicus.
Nirmus lineolatus Nitzsch.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii——6
82 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOu. XXII
Larus delawarensis.
Docophorus lari Denny.
Nirmus lineolatus Nitzsch.
punctatus Nitzsch.
Menopon infrequens Kellogg.
Larus brachyrhynchus.
Docophorus lari Denny.
Nirmus lineolatus Nitzsch.
lineolatus Nitzsch, var. atrimarginatus Kellogg and Chap-
man.
Larus canus.
Docophorus lari Denny.
Nirmus lineolatus Nitzsch.
linecolatus Nitzsch, var. atrimarginatus Kellogg and Chap-
man.
Larus heermanni.
Docophorus lari Denny.
Nirmus felix Giebel.
lineolatus Nitzsch.
Colpocephalum funebre Kellogg.
Larus philadelphia.
Docophorus lari Denny.
Larus sp.
Colpocephalum abbotti Kellogg.
Larus sp. (Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896, p. 246.)
Colpocephalum fuscipes Piaget.
Sterna maxima.
Docophorus melanocephalus Burmeister.
Nirmus hebes Kellogg.
prestans Kellogg.
Sterna forsteri.
Menopon tridens Nitzsch, var. insolens Kellogg.
Diomedea nigripes.
Tipeurus confidens Kellogg.
densus Kellogg.
Hurymetopus brevis Dutour.
Diomedea albatrus.
Nirmus giganticola Kellogg.
Iipeurus concinnus Kellogg aud Chapman.
diversus Kellogg (stragglers ?).
densus Kellogg.
ferox Giebel.
Giebelia mirabilis Kellogg. (Straggler?)
Hurymetopus brevis Dufour.
Colpocephalum pingue Kellogg.
Menopon irrumpens Kellogg and Chapman.
navigans Kellogg.
NO. 1185. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG.
83
Dicmedea exulans.
EHurymetopus brevis Dufour.
Diomedea brachyura.
LTipeurus ferox Giebel.
Fulmarus glacialis glupischa.
Docophorus occidentalis Kellogg.
Nirmus maritimus Kellogg and Chapman.
Tipeurus celer Kellogg.
varius Kellogg.
Hurymetopus brevis Dufour (straggler?).
Ancisirona gigas Piaget.
Menopon numerosum Kellogg.
Fulmarus glacialis rodgersi.
Docophorus occidentalis Kellogg.
Iipeurus celer Kellogg.
varius Kellogg.
Hurymetopus brevis Dufour.
Ancistrona gigas Piaget.
Menopon numerosum Kellogg.
Puffinus creatopus.
Tipeurus diversus Kellogg.
laculatus Kellogg and Chapman.
Juliginosus Taschenberg, var. major Kellogg and Chapman.
testaceus Taschenberg.
Giebelia mirabilis Kellogg.
Menopon paululum Kellogg and Chapman.
Puffinus gavia. :
Docophorus validus Kellogg and Chapman.
Tipeurus diversus Kellogg.
fuliginosus Taschenberg, var. major Kellogg and Chapman.
limitatus Kellogg.
testaceus Taschenberg.
Giebelia mirabilis Kellogg and Chapman.
Kurymetopus brevis Dufour (straggler?).
Ancistrona gigas Piaget.
Menopon paululum Kellogg and Chapmaia.
petulans Kellogg and Chapman.
Puffinus griseus.
Nirmus pacificus Kellogg and Chapman.
giganticola Kellogg.
Lipeurus diversus Kellogg.
limitatus Kellogg.
Giebelia mirabilis Kellogg.
Anecistrona gigas Piaget.
Menopon paululum Kellogg and Chapman.
petulans Kellogg and Chapman.
84 PROCKEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIi.
Puffinus teauiorosiris.
Lipeurus diversus Kellogg.
limitatus Kellogg.
Giebelia mirabilis Kellogg.
Puffinus bulleri.
Lipeurus diversus Kellogg.
limitatus Kellogg.
Giebelia mirabilis Kellogg.
(2) Oceanites oceanicus (‘' Thalassidroma wilsoni;” Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom.
An., 1896, p. 235).
Lipeurus subangusticeps Piaget.
Phaéthon ethereus.
Docophorus phactonus Osborn.
Sula alba.
LTipeurus pullatus Nitzsch.
Sula bassana.
Lipeurus pullatus Nitzseh.
(2) Sula sp. (Osborn; Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896, p. 217.)
Docophorus bassane Denny.
Phalacrocorax penicillatus.
Lipeurus farallon Kellogg.
Menopon titan Nitzsch var. incompositum Kellogg.
Phalacrocorax dilophus.
LTipeurus longicornis Piaget.
Phalacrocorax dilophus albociliatus.
Tipeurus faralloni Kellogg.
toxoceros Nitzsch.
Pelecanus erythrorhynchus.
LTipeurus forficulatus Nitzsch.
bifasciatus Piaget.
Colpocephalum unciferum Kellogg.
Menopon consanguneum Piaget.
titan Nitzsch var. impar Kellogg.
Pelecanus californicus.
Tipeurus for ficulatus Nitzsch.
toxoceros Nitzsch. (Straggler?)
Colpocephalum unciferum Kellogg.
Menopon titan Nitzsch var. linearis Kellogg.
Fregata aquila.
Tipeurus gracilicornis Piaget, var. major Kellogg.
Colpocephalum spineum Kellogg.
Menopon aurifasciatum Kellogg.
No. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG.
85
Merganser serrator.
Docophorus icterodes Nitzsch.
LTipeurus squalidus Nitzsch.
temporalis Nitzsch.
Trinoton lituratum Nitzsch.
luridum Nitzsch.
Anas boschas.
Docophorus icterodes Nitzsch.
LTipeurus squalidus Nitzsch.
Trinoton luridum Nitzsch.
Anas americana.
Trinoton luridum Nitzsch.
Anas carolinensis.
Docophorus icterodes Nitzseh.
Trinoton luridum Nitzsch.
Anas discors.
Trinoton lituratum Nitzsech.
Spatula clypeata.
Tipeurus squalidus Nitzsch.
Trinoton lituratum Nitzsch.
luridum Nitzsch.
Dafila acuta.
Docophorus icterodes Nitzsch.
Trinoton lituratwm Nitzsch.
luridum Nitzsch.
Aythya americana.
Docophorus icterodes Nitzsch.
_Aythya marila nearctica.
Docophorus icterodes Nitzsch.
Trinoton luridum Nitzsch.
Aythya affinis.
Docophorus icterodes Nitzsch.
Charitonetta albeola.
LTipeurus squalidus Nitzsch.
Eniconetta stelleri.
Tipeurus squalidus Nitzsch.
Oidemia deglandi.
TInpeurus constrictus Kellogg.
Menopon loomisi Kellogg.
Oidemia perspicillata.
Docophorus icterodes Nitzsch.
occidentalis Kellogg.
Lipeurus constrictus Kellogg.
86 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
Oidemia sp. (‘‘ Butter-bill Coot, Oidemia;” Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom, An.,
1896, p. 248.)
Trinoton minor Osborn.
Erismatura rubida.
Docophorus icterodes Nitzsch.
pertusus Nitzsch.
Lipeurus squalidus Nitzsch.
Trinoton luridum Nitzsch.
Anser albifrons.
LTipeurus jejunus Nitzsch.
Branta canadensis.
Ornithobius goniopleurus Denny.
(?) Olor buccinator. (Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896, pp. 217, 236.)
Docophorus cygnt Denny.
Ornithobius cygni Linneus.
(2) Ajaja ajaja. (Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896, p. 217.)
Docophorus sphenophorus Nitzsch.
Guara alba.
Docophorus bisignatus Nitzsch.
Botaurus lentiginosus.
Tipeurus botaurt Osborn.
Botaurus sp. (Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom An., 1896, p. 234.)
LTipeurus leucopygus fasciata Piaget.
Ardea egretta.
Colpocephalum laticeps Kellogg.
Ardea virescens.
Colpocephalum diffusum Kellogg.
Grus americana.
Colpocephalum assimile Piaget.
Rallus obsoletus.
Oncophorus bisetosus Piaget, var. californicus Kellogg and Chap-
man.
Menopon tridens Nitzsch.
Rallus virginianus.
Oncophorus bisetosus Piaget, var. californicus Kellogg and Chap-
man. :
Menopon tridens Nitzsch.
Porzana nove boracensis.
Oncophorus bisetosus Piaget, var. porzane Piaget.
NO. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG.
87
Fulica americana.
Docophorus graviceps Kellogg.
minutotrabeculatus Osborn.
quadraticeps Kellogg.
pertusus Nitzsch.
Tipeurus longipilus Kellogg.
luridus Nitzsch.
picturatus Kellogg.
Oncophorus advena Kellogg.
minutus Nitzsch.
Lemobothrium atrum Nitzsch.
Menopon tridens Nitzsch.
tridens Nitzsch, var. pacificum Kellogg.
Phalaropus tricolor.
Nirmus furvus Nitzsch.
Recurvirostra americana. (‘‘Avocet,” Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896,
p. 224.)
Nirmus signatus Piaget.
piceus Nitzsch.
Colpocephalum uniforme Kellogg.
Menopon indistinctum Kellogg.
Philohela minor.
Lipeurus infuscatus Osborn.
Menopon crocatum Nitzsch.
Tringa maculata.
Colpocephalum ochraceum Nitzsch.
Tringa minutilla.
Docophorus fusiformis Denny.
Nirmus complexivus Kellogg and Chapman.
Tringa sp.
~ Mrmus fissus Nitzsch, var. major Kellogg.
Tringa sp.
Docophorus cordiceps Giebel. ‘ Black-billed Sandpiper” (Osborn;
Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896, p. 217).
Docophorus fusiformis Denny.
Calidris arenaria.
Nirmus actophilus Kellogg and Chapman.
complexivus Kellogg and Chapman.
Colpocephalum spinulosum Piaget, var. minor Kellogg and Chap-
mal.
Limosa fedoa.
Nirmus cordatus Osborn.
Limosa hemastica.
Nirmus cordatus Osborn.
Menopon crocatum Nitzseh.
88 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
Bartramia longicauda.
Docophorus testudinarius Denny.
Lipeurus infuscatus Osborn.
Actitis macularia.
Docophorus cordiceps Giebel.
Nirmus furvus Nitzsch, var. ravus Kellogg.
Numenius longirostris.
Docophorus testudinarius Denny.
Charadrius squatarola.
Docophorus fuliginosus Kellogg.
Nirmus incenis Kellogg and Chapman.
Colpocephalum timidum Kellogg.
Charadrius dominicus.
Nirmus orarius Kellogg.
Colpocephalum timidum Kellogg.
AKgialitis vocifera. ;
Nirmus boephilus Kellogg.
parallelus Osborn.
ZEgialitis semipalmata.
Docophorus fuliginosus Kellogg.
Nirmus opacus Kellogg and Chapman.
Colinus virginianus.
Nirmus abruptus Osborn.
LTipeurus dissimilis Piaget.
Goniodes ortygis Piaget.
Menopon pallescens Nitzsch.
(2) Colinus virginianus. (‘ Quail;” Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896,
p. 230.)
Gontodes dispar Nitzsch.
Oreortyx pictus plumiferus. =
Lipeurus docophoroides Piaget, var. californicus Kellogg and Chap-
man.
Callipepla californica.
Lipeurus docophoroides Piaget.
Goniodes mammillatus Rudow.
Dendragopus obscurus fuliginosus.
LTipeurus perplexus Kellogg and Chapman.
(2) Dendragopus obscurus richardsoni. (Packard, Ann. Rept. U.S. Geol.
Survey, 1872, p. 731.) ©
Goniodes merriamanus Packard.
Lagopus lagopus.
LTipeurus protervus Kellogg.
Goniodes mammillatus Rudow.
Menopon striatum Kellogg.
No. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 89
Tympanuchus americanus.
Goniodes cupido Giebel.
Pedioceetes phasianellus columbianus.
Lipeurus perplexus Kellogg and Chapman.
Goniodes mammillatus Rudoay.
Gallus gallus.
(2) Colpocephalum longicaudum Piaget. (Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom.
An., 1896, p. 246.)
Gallus domesticus. (Domestic fowl.)
Lipeurus heterographus Nitzsch.
variabilis Nitzsch.
Menopon biseriatum Piaget.
pallidum Nitzsch.
Meleagris gallopavo. (Turkey.)
Tipeurus polytrapezius.
Goniodes stylifer Nitzsch.
Phasianus nycthemerus.
Lipeurus introductus Kellogg.
Goniocotes creber Kellogg.
Goniodes cervinicornis Giebel.
Menopon monostechum Kellogg.
Pavo cristatus. (Peacock.)
Goniodes falcicornis Nitzsch.
Columba livia. (Domestic pigeon.)
Lipeurus baculus Nitzsch.
Goniocotes compar Nitzsch.
Goniodes damicornis Nitzsch.
Colpocephalum longicaudum Piaget.
Menopon longicephalum Kellogg.
Elanoides forficatus. (‘‘Swallow-tailed kite;” Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom.
An., 1896, p. 246.)
Colpocephalum flavescens Nitzsch.
Elanus leucurus.
Nirmus fuscus Nitzsch.
Colpocephalum osborni Kellogg.
Menopon decoratum Kellogg.
Elanus sp. (‘4 Milvus sp.”; Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896, p. 244.)
Menopon fulvofasciatum Piaget.
Circus hudsonius.
Nirmus fuscus Nitzsch.
Accipiter velox.
Docophorus platystomus Nitzsch.
Nirmus fuscus Nitzsch.
90 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
Accipiter atricapillus striatulus.
Nirmus fuscus Nitzsch.
Buteo borealis calurus.
Nirmus fuscus Nitzsch.
Buteo borealis lucusanus.
Nirmus fuscus Nitzsch.
Buteo lineatus.
Docophorus buteonis Packard.
Buteo swainsoni.
Docophorus platystomus Nitzsch.
Nirmus fuscus Nitzsch.
Archibuteo lagopus sancti-johannis.
Docophorus taurocephalus Kellogg.
Nirmus fuscus Nitzsch.
Colpocephalum flavescens Nitzsch.
Aquila chrysaétos.
Docophorus pictus Giebel.
_ Colpocephalum flavescens Nitzsch.
Aquila imperialis.
Docophorus platystomus Nitzsch.
Thrasaétos harpyia (‘‘Harpy eagle”; Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896,
p. 247).
Lemobothrium giganteum Nitzseh.
Haliaétus leucocephalus.
Docophorus halieti Osborn.
Nirmus discocephalus amblys Kellogg.
LTipeurus pustulatus Osborn.
Colpocephalum flavescens Nitzsch.
Falco peregrinus anatum.
Nirmus fuscus Nitzsch.
Falco sparverius deserticola.
Nirmus fuscus Nitzsch.
Falco sparverius peninsularis.
Nirmus fuscus Nitzsch.
Polyborus cheriway.
Nirmus splendidus Kellogg.
Colpocephalum maculatum Piaget.
Strix pratincola.
Docophorus rostratus Nitzsch.
Asio wilsonianus.
Docophorus cursor Nitzsch.
Syrnium nebulosum.
Docophorus speotyti Osborn.
syrnvi Packard.
NO. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 91
Scotiaptex cinerea.
Oncophorus remotus Kellogg and Chapman.
Bubo virginianus.
Docophorus bubonis Osborn.
cursor Nitzsch.
Colpocephalum subpachygaster Piaget.
Nyctea nyctea.
Docophorus ceblebrachys Nitzsch.
Speotyto cunicularia hypogea.
Docophorus speotyti Osborn.
Crotophaga sulcirostris.
LTipeurus macgregori Kellogg.
Coccyzus americanus (‘‘ Yellow-billed cuckoo,” Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. An.,
1896, p. 222).
Docophorus coccygt Osborn.
Coccyzus americanus occidentalis.
Docophorus latifrons Nitzsch, var. occidentalis Kellogg.
Coccyzus erythrophthalmus.
Nirnus fenestratus Nitzseh.
Piaya cayana thermophila.
Nirmus atopus Kellogg.
Colpocephalum diffusum Kellogg.
Ceryle alcyon.
Colpocephalum pustulosum Piaget.
Dryobates villosus.
Docophorus superciliosus Nitzsch.
Nirmus candidus Nitzsch.
Dryobates pubescens.
Docophorus evagans Rudow.
Dryobates pubescens gairdneri.
Menopon funereum Kellogg and Chapman.
Dryobates nuttalli.
Docophorus singularis Kellogg and Chapman.
Xenopicus albolarvatus.
Docophorus californiensis Kellogg.
Sphyrapicus thyroideus.
Docophorus californiensis Kellogg.
Ceophleus pileatus.
Nirmus marginatus Osborn.
Melanerpes formicivorus bairdii.
Docophorus californiensis Kellogg.
Melaxerpes formicivorus angustifrons.
Docophorus californiensis Kellogg.
92 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
Melanerpes carolinus.
Nirmus candidus Nitzseh.
Melanerpes uropygialis.
Menopon precursor Kellogg.
Melanerpes wagleri.
Physostomum invadens Kellogg.
Colaptes auratus.
Docophorus jungens Kellogg.
alienus Kellogg.
Nirmus candidus Nitzsch.
Chordeiles virginianus henryi.
Lipeurus macrocephalus Kellogg.
Cheetura pelagica.
Niteschia pulicaris Nitzsch.
dubius Kellogg.
Trochilus colubris.
Physostomum lineatum Osborn.
Trochilus alexandri.
Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg.
Colypte coste.
Physostomum prominens Kellogg and Chapman.
Colypte anna.
Nirmus eustigmus Kellogg.
Selasphorus rufus.
Nirmus snodgrassi Kellogg.
Tyrannus tyrannus.
Physostomum angulatum Kellogg.
Tyrannus verticalis.
Nirmus fedus Kellogg and Chapman.
Tyrannus atra.
Docophorus buteonis Packard (probably a case of straggling; see
Buteo lineatus).
Tyrannus sp. (Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896, p. 228.)
Nirmus tyrannus Osborn.
Myiarchus cinerascens.
Docophorus communis Nitzseh.
Jusco-ventralis Osborn.
rufus Kellogg.
Nirmus foedus Kellogg and Chapman.
vulgatus Kellogg.
Physostomum sp.
Menopon distinctum Kellogg and Chapman.
Myiarchus cinerascens nuttingi.
Docophorus rufus Kellogg.
No. 1183. - NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 93
Sayornis saya.
Nirmus foedus Kellogg and Chapman.
Physostomum sp.
Contopus virens.
Docophorus fuscowentralis Osborn.
Contopus richardsonii.
Physostomum sp. =
Empidonax difficilis.
Docophorus communis Nitzsch.
Nirmus ductilis Kellogg and Chapman.
vulgatus Kellogg.
Physostomum sucinaceum Kellogg.
sp.?
Elainea subpagana.
Physostomum pallens Kellogg.
Colpocephalum diffusum Kellogg.
Otocoris alpestris.
Docophorus communis Nitzsch.
Otocoris alpestris chrysolema.
Docophorus communis Nitzsch.
Otocoris sp. (Osborn; ‘shore lark.” )
Docophorus communis Nitzsch.
Cyanocitta stelleri frontalis.
Docophorus communis Nitzseh.
Nirmus vulgatus Rudow.
Aphelocoma californica.
Docophorus communis Nitzseh.
Menopon persignatum Kellogg and Chapman.
Corvus corax sinuatus.
Docophorus distinctus Kellogg.
Colpocephalum subaequale Nitzsch.
Corvus americanus.
Docophorus corvi Osborn.
Nirmus secundarius Osborn.
rotundatus Osborn.
Colpocephalum subaequale Nitzsch.
Menopon mesoleucum Nitzsch, var. americanum Kellogg.
interruptus Osborn.
(2?) Corvus americanus.
Tipeurus corvi Packard. (Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. An., p. 221,
thinks this Lipeurus is an immature specimen of Docophorus
corvt Osborn. )
Dolichonyx oryzivorus.
Menopon expansum Osborn.
94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
VOL, XXII.
Molothrus ater.
Docophorus transpositus Kellogg.
Xauthocephalus xanthocephalus.
Nirmus ornatissimus Giebel, var. vanthocephali Osborn.
Agelaius phoeniceus.
Docophorus communis Nitzsch.
agelait Osborn.
Nirmus illustris Kellogg.
- ornatissimus Giebel.
Sturnella magna.
Nirmus picturatus Osborn.
Sturnella magna neglecta.
Docophorus communis Nitzseh.
Icterus galbula.
Menopon crassipes Piaget.
Icterus bullocki.
Docophorus communis Nitzsch.
Scolecophagus cyanocephalus.
Docophorus communis Nitzsch.
(?) Quiscalus quiscula. (‘¢ Crow-blackbird,” Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. An.,
1896, p. 219.)
Docophorus quiscalt Osborn.
Amblycercus holosericeus.
Nirmus virgatus Kellogg.
Colpocephalum diffusum Kellogg.
Coccothraustes vespertinus montanus.
Menopon funereum Kellogg and Chapman.
_Carpodacus purpureus californicus.
Docophorus communis Nitzseh.
Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg.
Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis.
Docophorus communis Nitzseh.
Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg.
Physostomum microcephalum Kellogg.
Loxia curvirostra minor.
Docophorus compar Piaget.
(?) Acanthis linaria (Osborn; Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896, p. 224).
Nirmus cyclothorax Nitzseh.
Spinus tristis,
Menopon carduelis Piaget.
incertum Kellogg.
Spinus psaltria.
Docophorus communis Nitzsch.
No. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG.
Spinus pinus.
Docophorus communis Nitzsch.
Piectrophenax nivalis.
Docophorus hamatus Packard.
Nirmus thoracicus Packard.
Calcarinus lapponicus.
Docophorus communis Nitzseh.
Ammodramus sandwichensis.
Docophorus communis Nitzsch.
Physostomum diffusum Kellogg.
Chondestes grammacus strigatus.
Docophorus communis Nitzseh.
Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg.
Menopon incertum Kellogg.
Zonotrichia leucophrys intermedia.
Docophorus communis Nitzsch.
Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii.
Docophorus communis Nitzsch.
Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg.
Zonotrichia coronata.
Docophorus communis Nitzsch.
Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg.
Physostomum diffusum Kellogg.
Menopon mestum Kellogg and Chapman.
Spizella socialis arizone.
Docophorus communis.
Junco hyemalis.
Docophorus communis Nitzsch.
Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg.
Junco hyemalis oregonus.
_ Physostomum diffusum Kellogg.
Junco hyemalis thurberi.
Docophorus mirinotatus Kellogg and Chapman.
Junco sp.
Physostomum diffusum Kellogg, var. pallidum Kellogg.
Amphispiza belli.
Docophorus communis Nitzsch.
Nirmus lautiusculus Kellogg and Chapman.
Melospiza fasciata samuelis,
Docophorus communis Nitzsch.
Colpocephalum chrysopheum Kellogg.
Menopon mestum Kellogg and Chapman
Physostomum sp.
Melospiza fasciata heermanii.
Colpocephalum grandiculum Kellogg and Chapman.
96 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL
Passerella iliaca.
Physostomum frenatum Nitzsch.
angulatum Kellogg.
Pipilo erythrophthalmus.
Physostomum frenatum Nitzsch.
Menopon melanorum Kellogg.
Pipilo maculatus megalonyx.
Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg.
Physostomum sp.
Pipilo fuscus crissalis.
Docophorus communis Nitzseh.
Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg.
Colpocephalum grandiculum Kellogg and Chapman.
Physostomum sp.
Cardinalis cardinalis.
Docophorus communis Nitzseh.
Cardinalis cardinalis igneus.
Docophorus communis Nitzsch.
Habia ludoviciana.
Nirmus pallidus Osborn.
Habia melanocephala.
Docophorus communis Nitzsch.
Guiraca czerulea eurhyncha.
Docophorus communis Nitzsch.
Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg.
Passerina ameena.
Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg.
, Passerina versicolor.
Physostomum australe Kellogg.
Piranga ludoviciana.
Docophorus communis Nitzsch.
Pheenicothraunis fuscicauda.
Docophorus panamensis Kellogg.
Colpocephalum diffusum Kellogg.
Passer domesticus.
Nirmus cyclothorax Nitzsch.
Progne subis.
Docophorus domesticus Kellogg.
Nirmus gracilis Nitzsch.
Menopon rusticum Giebel.
dissimile Kellogg.
Progne subis hesperus.
Docophorus domesticus Kellogg.
NO. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 97
Petrochelidon lunifrons.
Docophorus excisus Nitzsch, var. major Kellogg.
Nirmus longus Kellogg.
Menopon malleus Nitzsch.
Chelidon erythrogaster.
Nirmus longus Kellogg, var. domesticus Kellogg and Chapman.
Tachycineta bicolor.
Docophorus excisus Nitzsch, var. major Kellogg.
Nirmus longus Kellogg.
Ampelis garrulus.
Docophorus communis Nitzsch.
Nirmus brachythorax Giebel.
Ampelis cedrorum.
Docophorus communis Nitzsch.
incisus Kellogg.
Nirmus brachythorax Giebel.
Physostomum sp.
Phainopepla nitens.
Nirmus fedus Kellogg and Chapman.
peninsularis Kellogg.
Lanius borealis.
Docophorus communis Nitzseh.
Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides.
Docophorus communis Nitzseh.
Lanius ludovicianus gambeli.
Docophorus communis Nitzsch.
Nirmus fedus Kellogg and Chapman.
Vireo solitarius cassini (plumbeus?).
Docophorus communis Nitzsch.
Vireo bellii pusillus.
Physostomum sp.
Saltator albicollis.
Colpocephalum diffusum Kellogg.
Chiroxiphia lanceolata.
Physostomum invadens Kellogg.
Colpocephalum diffusum Kellogg.
Arremonops striaticeps.
Colpocephalum diffusum Kellogg.
Protonotaria citrea.
Physostomum pallens Kellogg.
Helminthophila celata lutescens.
Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg.
Proce. N. M. vol. xxii——7
98
Dendroica estiva,
Docophorus conmunis Nitzsch.
Nirmus interpositus Kellogg.
vulgatus Kellogg.
Menopon ridulosum Kellogg and Chapman.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
Dendroica vieilloti.
Nirmus interpositus Kellogg,
Colpocephalum diffusum Kellogg. ‘
Icteria virens longicauda.
Nirmus fedus Kellogg and Chapman.
Cinclus mexicanus.
Docophorus laticeps Giebel, var. americanus Kellogg.
Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg.
Galeoscoptes carolinensis.
Nirmus orpheus Osborn.
Harporhynchus rufus.
Docophorus communis Nitzsch.
Helodytes brunneicapillus.
Menopon distinctus Kellogg and Chapman.
malleus Nitzsch.
Thryothorus bewicki spilurus.
Docophorus communis Nitzsch.
mirus Kellogg and Chapman.
Menopon incertum Kellogg.
Parus inornatus.
Docophorus communis Nitzsch.
Parus atricapillus occidentalis.
Docophorus ruttert Kellogg,
Parus gambeli,
Nirmus vuigatus Kellogg.
Parus rufescens neglectus.
Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg.
Psaltriparus minimus.
Colpocephalum fumidum Kellogg.
Menopon robustum Kellogg.
Auriparus flaviceps.
Nirmus audax Kellogg.
Regulus satrapa. (‘‘Golden-crowned kinglet;” Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom.
An., 1896, p. 248.)
Physostomum frenatum Nitzsch.
Turdus ustulatus.
Menopon incertum Kellogg.
Turdus aonalaschke auduboni.
Docophorus communis Nitzsch.
No. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG.
ides)
ws)
Turdus minor.
Menopon fuscomarginatus Osborn.
Merula migratoria.
Docophorus communis Nitzsch
Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg.
simplex Kellogg.
Sialia sialis.
Docophorus incisus Kellogg.
stalit Osborn.
Sialia mexicanus occidentalis.
Docophorus communis Nitzsch.
Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg.
MAMMALS.
Cattle.
Trichodectes scalaris Nitzsch.
Horse.
Trichodectes parumpilosus Piaget.
Goat.
Trichodectes climax Nitzsch.
limbatus Gervais.
Sheep.
Trichodectes sperocephalus Nitzsch.
Cat.
Trichodectes subrostratus Nitzseh.
Putorius ermineus.
Trichodectes retusus Nitzsch.
(?) Putorius vulgaris (‘‘ Weasel”; Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896,
p. 237).
Trichodectes retusus Nitzsch.
Erethizon dorsatum.
Trichodectes setosus Giebel.
Procyon lotor.
Trichodectes crassus Nitzsch.
Geomys bursarius.
Trichodectes geomydis Osborn.
Thomomys botte.
Trichodectes geomydis Osborn.
(?) Cariacus virginianus (‘‘Deer”); Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896,
p. 241).
Trichodectes parallelus Osborn.
Cariacus columbianus.
Trichodectes tibialis Osborn.
Castor canadensis.
Trichodectes castoris Osborn.
100 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXU.
Spilogale interrupta.
Trichodectes mephitidis Osborn.
Mephites mephitica.
Trichodectes mephitidis Osborn.
Cavia sobaya.
Gyropus ovalis Nitzsch.
gracilis Nitzsch.
SUMMARY.
Genera of North American birds from which Mallophaga are
ECOL oii rcs aye weed Se, ona ge eet ee en
Species of North American birds from which Mallophaga are
ROO ROS 0 MRE oMee MMM raids HLM Be Ree a Dae oc
Species of North American mammals (including domestic ani-
mals) from which Mallophaga are recorded.........-.-..--.--
167
257
NEW SPECIES OF NOCTURNAL MOTHS OF THE GENUS
CAMPOMETRA, AND NOTES.
By Joun B. Sm1TH, Se. D.,
Rutgers College, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
The genus Campometra was described in 1852 by Guenee,! and the
sole species and therefore generic type, amella, was figured (Pl. X VIIT,
fig. 8). Mr. Grote never positively identified this species, although the
picture is good and the markings are characteristic. In the Neumoe-
gen collection he did note, however, to a specimen of Hubolina stylobata
a Suggestion that it might be C. amella, and that proves to be correct
without reasonable doubt. I have not seen the Guenée type, but both
description and picture apply to stylobata and to nothing else. The
type of stylobata I saw in the collection of the British Museum, and on
direct comparison with the type of Homoptera integerrima Walker
found the two identical.
The synonymy then seems to be fairly well established, as follows:
Campometra amella GUENEER, Sp. Gen. Noct., III, 1852, p. 25, pl. x vin, fig. 8.
Homoptera integerrima WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., Het., XIII, 1857, p. 1057.
Homoptera stylobata HARVEY, Can. Ent., VIII, 1876, p. 155.
EHubolina stylobata GROTE, New List, 1882, p. 42.
The genus Hubolina was described by Harvey? for his species impar-
tialis, described at the same time, and that is therefore the type of the
genus. In 1882 Mr. Henry Edwards described Hubolina mesket, and in
the same year Mr. Grote referred Homoptera mima Harvey to Hubolina
in his New List; the genns thus containing four species, two of which
its describer had not considered as referable to it when they were
characterized by him.
EH. impartialis differs in color and general appearance from the allied
forms, and on the female, which only I have at hand, the middle tibie
are lengthily spinulated, the clothing close, the armature in a single
series and very prominent.
Campometra amella has the legs all shorter and quite densely clothed
with hair and scales, the middle tibiz with apparently a few scattered
spinules. In the male there seem to be no sexual tuftings on this
member.
1Spec. Gen. Noct., III, p. 25.
? Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci., II, 1875, p. 281.
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXII—No. 1184. see
102 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. xxu.
Homoptera mima has the tibie moderately clothed, not at all spinu-
lated, in the male with distinct brush-like tufts of scales on the middle
pair.
HH. meskei is inaccessible to me at present writing, but its appearance
is such that I would expect to find it in accord with the generic type,
and to impartialis and mesket I would tentatively restrict the term
Bubolina.!
A close ally of C. amella in structure, size, and general type of macu-
lation is:
CAMPOMETRA BILINEATA, new species.
Ground color umber brown, a little dusted with reddish. Head im-
maculate. Collar a little paler at base, tipped with steely blackish.
Thoracic disk intermixed with similar deep blue-black scales, which
also sprinkle the patagiz and extend over the abdomen. Abdominal
tuftings brown, gray scales becoming dominant at the sides and beneath.
Primaries with clean, well-marked ornamentation. Basal line single,
black, broken, accompanied by a brownish shade which breaks the
otherwise solidly dark basal space, the tint being bluish black. Trans-
verse anterior line single, upright, with a small outward bend just
below the cell. Transverse posterior line single, red brown, irregu-
larly crenulated, outcurved over the reniform, with a deep acute inward
tooth in the submedian interspaces. Subterminal line incomplete,
vaguely defined, white, slender, denticulate in the costal region, lost
below that point except as it is marked by dusky clouds to vein 2,
below which it is brown and slender to the margin. A broken blackish
transverse line just before the margin. Just within the center of the
wing are two upright, slightly wavy, prominent black lines, just enough
sey arated to avoid a band. The inner is somewhat narrower, sharper,
and more intensely black, the outer broader and a little diffuse. Orbicu-
lar wanting in the specimen. Reniform large, irregularly oval, white,
with narrow brown central lines. Secondaries a little more powdery and
diffuse in ground color. A geminate black line at basal third, which
does not reach either margin. A broad, dusky, submarginal shade,
which is suffused with rusty reddish at its middle and terminates at
the anal angle in a steely black spot. A broken, narrow, black termi-
nal line and the fringes with a crenulated black interline. Beneath
whitish, powdery, wings darkening outwardly. Primaries with an inner
dusky band marked on the costa only, and an outer one which extends
nearly half across the wing. Secondaries with an inner dusky band,
which forms a lunule in the cell, a broken, diffuse, median shade and a
submarginal clouding which forms a marked dusky patch above the
anal angle.
Expands 1.75 inches=44 mm.
! Dr. Dyar informs me that the type of meskei is a male, has unarmed middle tibie,
and no sexual tuftings. On general color and wing form the two may yet be held
together until more material gives us better basis for other action.
}
NO. 1184. _ NEW NOCTURNAL MOTHS—SMITH. 103
Tyve.—No. 4316, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Brownsville, Texas; June 10; Townsend, No. 544.
A single female specimen from the U.S. National Museum. The
resembiance to amella in size, form, and general appearance is obvious;
but the distinctive feature, the parallel black lines near the center
of the wing, is equally prominent. A further difference is that in
amella the subterminal line is well defined, angulated and prominent,
while in the new species this line is practically obsolete. It should be
added to the description that an irregularly waved, somewhat diffuse
bluish black band runs through the subterminal space and crosses the
subterminal line at its inception on the costa.
CAMPOMETRA CINCTIPALPIS, new species.
Ground color a deep purplish red-brown, the primaries with elevated
black, squamose vestiture that gives a velvety appearance. Front
with a paie yellowish, transverse band, a pale tuft at base of each:
antenna, and the palpi pale banded. Thorax purplish without defined
markings, Primaries with an intermingling of pale and yellowish
seales that gives a somewhat mossy appearance and obscures the ordi-
nary maculation. Basal line faintly traceable by black scales. Trans-
verse anterior line upright, blackish, a little wavy, preceded by a
purplish shade which is itself limited by a darker brown, diffuse,
Shading; followed by a mossy brown shade line. A narrow, black,
irregular median line of elevated scales. ‘Transverse posterior line
narrow, black, irregularly waved and toothed, squarely exserted
over the reniform and almost as squarely inset beneath it; followed at
some distance by a broader, less defined, and more even brown shading.
Subterminal line distinet, pale, irregularly but not greatly sinuated.
Orbicular small, round, incompletely and obscurely brown ringed and
with a brown central dot. Reniform not defined, marked by a small
upper and larger lower white spot, the two connected by a narrow, white
line. Secondaries uniform smoky brown, the fringes with a pale inter-
line. Beneath, primaries smoky, powdery, with a partial extramedian
transverse line. Secondaries whitish, powdery at base, with a brown
diseal spot and a crenulated brown median line, beyond which the wing
is brown nearly to the margin, which is again whitish.
Expands 1.35 inches=34 mm.
Type.—No. 4315, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Cocoanut Grove, Florida; E. A. Schwarz.
A single defective female from the U.S. National Museum. ‘The
apices of both wings are rubbed and broken, but the specimen is other-
wise very fair, all the markings being discernible on one side or the
other. It is the darkest species of the genus and has no contrasts in
maculation. The immaculate secondaries will further serve to differen-
tiate it from the other described forms. The middle tibia seems to have
no obvious spinose armature, but has a central ring tuft of scales.
104 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
CAMPOMETRA MIMA Harvey.
The most common of the species, and as they run, very sharply defined.
The transverse anterior line is geminate, both defining lines black, rather
widely separated, the intervening space dusky so as to form an evenly
outcurved dusky band. The transverse posterior line is also black,
well marked, and squarely exserted beyond the reniform. A yellowish
or reddish brown shade lightens the wing and dominates the impression
gained by an ordinary examination of the species.
The middle tibiz are unarmed and in the male have a very heavy
scale tuft; but there are no hair pencils.
Tene specimens are under examination: San Diego, Texas, April
26, May 25; Bastrop County, and other Texan localities; Florence,
Tucson, Catalina Springs April 11, Oracle, July 21, and other locali-
ties in Arizona. The tendency in the variation is to a more indistinct
maculation.
CAMPOMETRA FRATERNA, new species.
Resembles mima in all essential characters and differs from that
species in the powdery, uniform ashen gray primaries lacking the
brownish shadings, and on which the maculation is only feebly writ-
ten. The transverse anterior line shows no tendency to band and,
while the other lines and shades of mina are all traceable, none are
well marked. In the structure of the middle tibie of the male the
species is like its ally.
Type.—No. 4313, U.S.N.M.
I have six specimens, five of them females, from Death Valley (April),
Oracle (July 7), and Catalina Springs (May 5), Arizona. All are from
the U.S. National Museum, collected by Messrs. Koebele or Hubbard
and Schwarz.
CAMPOMETRA MINOR, new species.
Smaller than mima throughout, few of the specimens exceeding and
some not reaching 26 mmn., or a trifle over 1 inch, the primaries even,
powdery gray, none of the markings well written, though so far as
traceable, similar to mima, It is a slighter, narrower winged form than
fraterna, which equals mima in average size and has the primaries
more squared. No male of this species has been available. Of the
five females four are from the Hulst collection, probably taken near
Tucson Arizona, and one is from Catalina Springs (April 11), taken by
Mr. Schwarz. The latter has a white shading over the reniform,
extending beyond the transverse posterior line almost to the subter-
minal line, the edges of this shade being indefined. The smoky margin
of the secondaries is narrower than in the allied forms and there is less
tendency to a banding.
Type.—No. 4314, U.S.N.M.
No. 1184. NEW NOCTURNAL MOTHS—SMITH. 105
Altogether the species are left in a somewhat unsatisfactory condi-
tion. Amella, bilineata, and cinctipalpis are probably congeneric and,
except for a doubt about the armature of cinctipalpis, are strictly
referable to Campometra.
Mima, fraterna, and minor are close allies, yet I think, distinct, and
they differ from Campometra in the totally unarmed middle tibia, which
in the male is very heavily clothed with long scales forming a real
tufting. I prefer leaving them with Campometra temporarily, until all
the allied genera can be carefully studied, but suggest the term Heter-
anassa in case generic separation seems desirable.
SYNOPSIS OF THE SOLENID® OF NORTH AMERICA AND
THE ANTILLES.
By WiLu1AmM H. DALL,
Curator, Division of Mollusks.
In revising the group for the purpose of monographing the fossil
species So many changes in nomenclature and distribution were found
to be involved that it was thought the following summary would prove
useful to students of the recent forms:
EAST AMERICAN SPECIES.
Genus S@LEIN (Linmcus, 1758) Scopolk 1777:
(Vagina Megerle, 1811; + Hypogwa and Hypogeoderma Poli, 1791-1795; + Listera,
Leach manuscript, Gray, 1852.) Type, Solen marginatus Pulteney.
1. Solen viridis Say, 1822; Rhode Island (Totten) to Georgia (Postell).
Section SOLENA Morch, 1852.
(Solena sp. Browne, nonbinomial, 1756; + Hypogella Gray, 1854.) Type, 8S.
obliqua Spengler = 8S. ambiguus Lamarck.
2. Solen (Solena) obliqua Spengler, 1793; Cuba, Porto Rico, St.
Thomas.
S. rudis Sowerby, 1874, not C. B. Adams, 1852; + philippinarwm
Sowerby, 1874, not Hanley, 1845, are synonymous.
Genus ENSIS Schumacher, 1817.
(Ensatella Swainson, 1840, -- Solen Leach, 1852.) Type, Ensismagnus Schumacher.
1. Ensis directus Conrad, 1843; Labrador to Indian Key, Florida.
Pliocene to recent.
i. ** americana Beck” of H. and A. Adams, 1856, is probably a manu-
script name. Solen stliqua Chickering, 1855, not Linnzeus, 1758, is a
synonym. This species was generally confounded with Solen magnus
of Schumacher, under the name of Solen ensis Linneeus, by the earlier
American authors.
PROCEEDINGS U. S, NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXII—No. 1185. 107
108 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
2. Ensis minor Dall; Cape May to Florida and Texas.
This is Solon ensis var. minor of some of the earlier writers, and bears
to E. directus the same relation that Mnsis ensis Linneeus of Kurope
does to the north European H. magnus Schumacher. It differs from
the young of H. directus in having the valves wider behind than in
front and relatively narrower as a whole.
Genus SILIQUA Megerle, 1811.
(Leguminaria Schumacher, 1817; + solecurtus A Blainville, 1825; + Aulus Oken,
1835, not Oken 1815; + Solecurtoides Desmoulins, 1832; + Solenocurtus
Sowerby, 1839; + Machewra Gould, 1841.) Type, Solen radiatus Linnzeus.
1. Siliqua squama Blainville, 1824; Grand Banks of Newfoundland
and Gulf of St. Lawrence.
This is Machera nitida Gould, 1841, and Cultellus medius Sowerby
nee Gray), Conch. Icon., 1874.
2. Siliqua costata Sm, 1822; Gulf of St. Lawrence south to Cape
Hatteras, North Carolina, in suitable localities.
The following are synonymous names: Solecurtoides nahantensis Des-
moulins, 1832; S. sayi Gray, 1833; S. radiatus Ravenel (not Linnzeus),
1834; Oultellus grayanus Sowerby (not Dunker?), 1874; Cultellus sub-
sulcatus Sowerby, 1874; Cuitellus belchert (as of Gray, manuscript)
Sowerby, 1874; not C. costatus Middendorf, 1847, nor Sowerby, 1874.
Genus PSAMMOSOLEN Risso, 1826.
(= Psammobia Risso, 1826, err. typ.; + Solecurtus B, Blainville, 1825; +- Macha
Oken, 1835; + Adasius Leach, 1852; not Macha Philippi, 1853, nor Psam-
mosolen Hupé, 1854.) Type, Solen strigilatus Linnzeus.
1. Psammosolen sancte-marthe (Chemnitz) Orbigny, 1853; North
Carolina, Bermuda, the Antilles, and south to Rio Janeiro (Dunlap).
2. Psammosolen cumingianus Dunker, 1861; North Carolina, to Texas
and Sao Paulo, Brazil.
WEST AMERICAN SPECIES.
Genus SOLEN (Linneeus) Seopoli.
1. Solen sicarius Gould, 1850; Vancouver Island to San Pedro, Cali-
fornia; Japan, A. Adams (?).
2. Solen rosaceus Carpenter, 1853; Santa Barbara, California, south
to the Gulf of California; La Paz.
3. Solen mexicanus Dall; west coast of Tehuantepec, Mexico.
4, Solen (Solena) rudis C. B. Adams, 1852; Panama.
Confounded with S. obliquus Spengler of the Antilles by Clee
and Sowerby.
Genus ENSIS Schumacher.
1. Ensis californicus Dall; Monterey, California, south to the Gulf of
California; La Paz.
No. 1185. SYNOPSIS OF THE SOLENIDA—DALL. 109
Genus SILIQUA Megerle.
1. Siliqua lucida Conrad, 1838; Monterey to San Diego, California.
Confounded with the young of S. nuttallii by Carpenter, 1863, and
Gabb, 1868; also, according to Conrad, with S. radiata Linneus.
2, Siliqua media Gray, 1839; Okhotsk and Bering seas and north-
ward to the Arctic Ocean at Cape Lisburne.
Machera costata Middendorf, 1851, not Say, 1822; + S. borealis Con-
rad, 1867, not Cultellus mediws Sowerby, Conch. Icon., 1874, = S. squama
Blainville.
3. Siliqua patula Dixon, 1788,-Okhotsk Sea; the southern border of
Bering Sea, and the Gulf of Alaska to Sitka.
Described from Cooks Inlet, Alaska. The following names are
synonyms: Solen maximus Wood, 1815, not Gmelin, 1792; S. gigas
Dillwyn, 1817; S. grandis (Hinds Manuscript as of Gmelin) Dunker,
1861, and Carpenter, 1863; S. splendens Chenu, 1845 and 1862. Large;
with submedian beaks and straight rib. The following are discrimina-
ble varieties, but apparently connected by gradations with the typical
S. patula.
4, Siliqua (patula var.) alta Broderip and Sowerby, 1829; Bering Sea
and Strait.
This is figured under the name of Culiellus costatus by Sowerby,
Conch. Icon., 1874, but is not the costatus of Say. It is short and broad
with very anterior beaks and straight rib.
5, Stiliqua (patula var.) nuttallic Conrad, 1838, Lituya Bay, Alaska,
south to Oregon, and California as far as Monterey.
S. americana Chenu, 1845, may be the same, but I do not know it;
S. californica Conrad, 1868, and 8S. nuttalt Sowerby, 1874, are synony-
mous. The shell is very straight, brilliantly polished, narrower than
the typical S. patula and with a much more oblique rib. The beaks
are less anterior than in S. alta.
NOTES.
Solen tenuis Broderip and Sowerby, 1829, is unidentifiable, from the
absence of a figure and the excessive brevity of the description. It is
not the S. tenuis Gray, in Griffith’s Cuvier, 1833. It was collected by
Belcher, whose shells came mostly from northwest America.
Solen “ lineatus Spengler,” appears in Moérch’s Catalogue of Poulsen’s
West India shells. It is probably intended for S. linearis Spengler (in
Chemnitz) and may have been based on a misidentified specimen of
Ensis nvinor.
Solen niveus Hanley is listed by Guppy in his Paria fauna, 1877, and
was perhaps based on a young specimen of WS. obliquus Spengler, or the
following species:
Solen lappeanus Dunker, Moll. Marina, 1858, is said to be from the
Antilles, but has not been reported from that region by anyone else.
Externally it is not unlike 8. viridis Say.
IK) PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSE UM. VOL. XXII.
Aulus (= Siliqua) rostratus Dunker, 1861, figured by Sowerby, Conch.
Icon., 1874, is said to be from the Arctic Ocean, but this is certainly
erroneous. Solen radiatus Linnzus, appears in Pfeiffer’s list of Cuban
sheils,! but the shell intended was very likely Tagelus divisus Spengler.
No species of Siliqua is known from Cuba.
Krebs cites Machera lucida “Gould,” from Morch’s Yoldi catalogue,
as Central American; but this is doubtless M. lucida of Conrad, from
the Pacific coast of Central America.
There is no large species of Hnsis on the west coast of America corre-
sponding to the H#. magnus and EH. directus of the northern Atlantic,
though the H. californicus is the exact analogue of the European L. ensis
and the east American H. minor. Among the Siliquas on the two sides
of the continent 8S. alta and S. squama, S. media and S. costata, are
respectively analogous, while S. lucida finds its counterpart in the
S. pulchra of Japan.
SOLEN MEXICANUS, new species.
Shell small, straight, parallel-sided, with anterior beaks, the anterior
end obliquely truncate; the posterior end squarely truncate with the
corners slightly rounded off; hinge with the teeth normal, the ligament
unusually long in a very narrow groove; shell white, covered with a
polished olivaceous epidermis, longitudinally striate near the ventral
edges of the valves. Length of shell, 60 mm.; of ligament, 11 mm.;
width of valves, 8.5 mm.; diameter, 5.5 mm.
Type.—No. 120634, U.S.N.M. Specimen from the Gulf of Tehuan-
tepec.
This species recalls the Solen linearis of Chemnitz, which, however,
is considerably longer in proportion to its width.
ENSIS CALIFORNICUS, new species.
Shell small, slender, arcuate, the sides nearly parallel, the valves being
Slightly attenuated toward the ends, beaks anterior, the anterior trun-
cation bluntly rounded, the posterior similar; color white with livid
pink streaks concentrically disposed; epidermis olivaceous brilliantly
polished; hinge with small and very delicate cardinals (usually broken
off), one in the right and two in the left valve, the dorsal ridge compara-
tively strong and elevated, shorter than the ligainent. Length of shell,
60 mm.; of dorsal tooth or ridge, 5.2 mm.; of ligament, 9 mm.; width
of shell, 7 mm.; perpendicular to the chord of the are formed by the
dorsal.margin of the valves, 2 mm.
Type.—No. 158891, U.S.N.M. Specimen from 14 fathoms sand, off the
island of San Pedro Martir, Gulf of California. Some specimens reach
a length of 85 mm.
This species recalls small specimens of the east American E. minor,
which, however, differs by being wider distally than in front, larger
when adult, with proportionately wider and more arcuate valves.
1 Archir fiir Naturgeschichte, 1840, p. 261.
NO. 1185. SYNOPSIS OF THE SOLENIDA—DALL. 111
In this connection I may add some supplementary data to my
“Synopsis of the Psammobiidz,”! which have come to hand since that -
article was printed.
Tagelus gibbus Spengler, as typically restricted, passes as far south
as St. Thomas, West Indies, and probably to the northeast shores of
Brazil. The variety called T. platensis by @Orbigny differs by being
shorter and more attenuated behind, and I have seen it only from the
southern coast of Brazil and Uruguay. Im all the typical species of
Tagelus the posterior end is shorter than the anterior, the pallial sinus
is deep, reaching to or forward of the perpendicular from the umbones,
and the posterior adductor scar is rounded. The teeth are simple,
erect, pedunculated, two in each valve. There is no central constric-
tion or internal rib. Curiously enough, the shell figured by H. and A.
Adams to illustrate Tagelus (or Siliquaria) gibbus is a Novaculina,
while they describe the teeth as 3:2 (which is the dentition of Novacu-
lina) and the sinus as deep beyond the umbones, which belongs to
Tagelus and is untrue of Novaculina.
Owing to the fact that a number of externally similar but really dif:
ferent shells have been confused, the diagnoses of these groups are
frequently inaccurate, and I have therefore reviewed the question in
the light afforded by the specimens. The following are the characters:
Genus NOVACULINA Benson, 1880.
Type.—N. gangetica Benson.
Beaks subanterior; teeth (when fully developed) three in the left and
two in the right valve; the anterior left tooth often obsolete or wanting,
the anterior right tooth bifid; there is no median constriction, the pal-
lial sinus is small, not reaching the beaks, the posterior adductor scar
rounded; the scar of the ventral side of the sinus not coalescent with
the pallial line below it; situs in fresh water.
Section CLUNACULUM Dall.
Type.—Solecurtus mollis (Gould) Sowerby, Conch. Icon. Solecurtus,
1874, pl. VI, fig. 26; coast of Brazil and Uruguay.
Valves obliquely constricted, the constriction reflected by an internal
thickened elevation (not a clavicle); beaks subanterior; teeth, two in
the left and two in the right valve, the posterior left tooth bifid, in
some of the species there is an obsolete tooth behind it; the pallial
sinus not reaching the beaks, the posterior adductor scar triangular,
the scar of the sinus coalescent ventrally with the pallial line; situs
marine.
Genus TAGELUS Gray, 1847.
Type.—Solen gibbus Spengler.
Valves not constricted and without a clavicle; beaks medium or sub-
posterior; teeth simple, pedunculate, two in each valve; pallial sinus
' Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1898, pp. 57-62.
112 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIL
deep, reaching to or beyond the beaks, posterior adductor scar rounded,
the scar of the sinus coalescent ventrally with the pallial line; situs
estuarine or marine.
Section MESOPLEURA Conrad, 1867.
Type.—NSolen divisus Spengler.
Valves arcuate, not constricted, but with a more or less perfectly
developed clavicular rib extending ventrally from the submedian beaks,
otherwise as in Tagelus.
Gray in 1854 included species of Clunaculum under Novaculina as well
as some species of true Tagelus like T. dombuji. I have not been able
to examine all the described species, but Solen constrictus Lamarck, cer-
tainly, and probably S. inequalis and S. complanatus Sowerby, belong
to Clunaculum.
TAGELUS POEYI, new species.
Shell resembling a young 7. gibbus, but with more equal and evenly
rounded ends, the beaks median, the teeth slender, long, but quite
small, the nymphs for the ligament shorter and more central, the whole
of the ventral side of the pallial sinus coalescent with the pallial line.
Shell white, covered with a pale ashy gray, dehiscent epidermis; the
anterior dorsal margin slightly decurrent. Length, 50 mm.; altitude,
18 mm.; diameter, 11.5 mm.
Types.—No. 27425, U.S.N.M., from Cuba (Poey); also from mouth
of Old River, Belize (Stanton); beach at Greytown, Nicaragua (Dall);
and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Ihering).
This species can be instantly distinguished from 7. gibbus by the dif-
ferent form of the pallial sinus and the different position of the beaks.
It does not appear to attain more than half the size of the full grown
T. gibbus.
Specimens of 7. gibbus collected at Matagorda Bay, Texas, by Sing-
ley, of a light but distinct yellow color, are in the national collection,
and more recently Hon. J. D. Mitchell has sent specimens, of which he
has several in his collection, of a decided pink color, from the same
vicinity. Both form a decided contrast to the white or slightly ferru-
ginous tint of the average specimens of this species.
4
THE OSTEOLOGY AND RELATIONSHIP OF THE PERCOI-
DEAN FISH, DINOLESTES LEWINI.
By EDWIN CHAPIN STARKS,
Assistant Professor in the Department of Biology and Curator of the Musewm, University
of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
As a preliminary to this paper I will quote a paragraph from a paper
by Dr. Theodore Gill, ““On the identity of Hsox lewint with the Dino-
lestes miillert of Klunzinger,” published about twenty-five years ago
in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History. In it he gives the
following concise history of Dinolestes:
In the tenth volume (‘‘the class Pisces”) of the ‘‘Animal Kingdom” of Cuvier,
edited by Edward Griffith (1834), are a figure (plate 60) and a brief notice (p. 465)
of a fish which has long been a puzzle to me. It is called Hsox lewini and only
noticed as follows: ‘‘Our figure of Esox lewini is from a drawing by Mr. Lewin, made
in New Holland, of a species not hitherto noticed.” It was evident that the species
thus named belonged neither to the genus Hsox nor anywhere near it; and (1) the
relations of the fins, (2) the position of the ventrals with a spine and five rays each,
(3) the form of the head, and (4) the teeth indicated for it affinity to Chilodipterus and
allied forms; but no first dorsal fin was represented. The question then arose
whether that fin had been atrophied (as in Aspidophoroides, Gobiopus, etc.) or (as was
more likely) had been overlooked. After nearly forty years the species has been
recovered, and singularly enough, after having escaped the observation of the num-
erous collectors in the Australian seas for so long a time,' has in the same year been
obtained and described by three different naturalists under as many names, viz, Dino-
lestes miilleri by Klunzinger, Neosphyrena multiradiata by Castelnau, and Lanioperca
mordax by Giinther. There can be no question about at least the generic identity of
the Hsox lewini with the fishes described by the three contemporaries; and it now
appears that the first dorsal fin exists, but is quite small, and sustained by only four
or five spines. Klunzinger and Castelnau refer the type to the family Sphyrenide,
and Giinther (with more justification I think) to the ‘‘Apogonina,” i. e., Chilodip-
teride.
This work was undertaken at Dr. Gill’s suggestion in the hope of
finding, in a comparative study of the skeleton of Dinolestes with those
of the Sphyrenide and the Cheilodipteride, some characters that
'It is said, however, by Castelnau to be common [at Melbourne] in the months of
May, June, and July; itattains 2 feet in length. The fishermen call it ‘‘ Ship Jack,”
but that name is more particularly applied to Temnodon saltator.
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXII—No. 1186.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 8 118
114 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX.
would decide the question on which the authorities disagreed, as shown
in the last sentence quoted from the above paper.
It would appear an easy matter to place this form under one or the
other of two families arranged in different suborders, as the Sphyrzn-
ide and Cheilodipteridz usually are: but the fact that two of the
authorities consider it under one family and two under the other, indi-
cates how close the resemblance must be to either.
Sphyrena argentea is the form chosen to represent the family Sphy-
renidz, while the only representative procurable of the Cheilodipter-
idz was Apogon maculatus.
The skeleton of Apogon was found to be of but little pasieienoe’ in this
comparison. Though being undoubtedly Percoid, it differs as much
from Dinolestes as they both differ from the more generalized Percoids,
such as the bass or perch. Considering the difference between Dino-
lestes and Apogon in external appearance, we have probably little reason
to expect the internal resemblance to be otherwise. Perhaps if one of
the Sphyrena-like Cheilodipteroids could be examined there would be
a closer resemblance.
To be sure Dinolestes differs from Apogon only in shape and compar-
ative size of elements (that is, comparative between corresponding
elements of each species), and not in arrangement, or lack or posses-
sion of elements; but it is so very different in shape of cranium, form
of body, and shape of fins that it would seem better to consider the
Cheilodipteroid side of the question partly by considering the Percoid
fishes more or less as a whole. Though, of course, if it is placed with
the Percoids it is only under the family Cheilodipteridz, as the Per-
coids are now arranged, that Dinolestes could be admitted.
Were it not that the ventrals of Dinolestes are apparently thoracie, it
might appear after a superficial external examination to be related to
Sphyrena. The long head, projecting lower jaw, fanglike teeth, and
elongate preorbital region are very Sphyrena-like. The shape of the
body and dorsal fins are also suggestive of that relationship.
In internal characters we find that the ethmoid is wide and flat, some-
what overlying the vomer and prefrontals instead of being interposed
between them. This is the condition found in Sphyrena. The nasals
are very much like those of Sphyrena, being long-and channeled and
attached by their sides to the ethmoid for nearly their whole length.
This, however, is probably caused by the elongate snout, and goes with
it as a part in keeping with the surrounding conditions. It disposes of
the characters by which an alliance with Sphyrena could be proved.
Though the shape of the body and head, the canine teeth, and dorsal
fins exhibit perhaps a closer superficial resemblance to the Sphyranidz
than to the Cheilodipteridz, there are forms to be found in the latter
family which approach this Sphyrena-like appearance also. These
characters therefore denote nothing in favor of either relationship.
The characters of the ethmoid and nasals are the only characters pos-
sessed by Sphyrena in common with Dinolestes that are not also slfared
NO. 1186. RELATIONSHIP OF DINOLESTES LEWINI—STARKS. 115
in by members of the family Cheilodipteride. They are of no great
importance.
_ his, as has been said, is without considering the position of the
ventrals. As the Percoid fishes have thoracic ventrals, and the mem-
bers of the suborder Percesoces, under which the Sphyrenid is
placed, have abdominal ventrals, it is difficult to see how Dinolestes
could have been thought to be related to Sphyrena unless the ventrals
were interpreted as being abnormally anterior abdominal ventrals.
The ventrals, however, prove to be typical thoracic ventrals with the
anterior point of the pelvic girdle interposed and attached between
the opposing clavicles near their lower end above their symphysis.
Anterior abdominal ventrals might have the point of the pelvic girdle
touching the clavicles or even extending slightly under them, but
never interposed between them.
Another character that refutes the Sphyrzenoid relationship of Dino-
lestes is the lack of the long processes developed backward from the
epiotics and supraoccipital crest, which are possessed in a greater or
less degree by all the Percesoces and reaches its greater development
in Sphyrena.
A more important difference is the structure of the teeth. Though
both Dinolestes and Sphyrena have large backward-directed canines,
they are entirely different in the way in which they are attached to
the bone of the jaw. The calcified tooth substance of the teeth of
Dinolestes reaches only to the bone, where it is anchylosed or so incor-
porated with the bone as to make it difficult to distinguish the line of
junction. This attachment is effected by what Tomes calls “bone of
attachment.” A substance resembling cement, but unlike true cement,
is developed from the periosteum rather than from the dental capsule.
Such teeth may be developed from sockets, but as the calcified tooth
substance 1s pushed out the cavity behind fills with the bone of attach-
ment and becomes obliterated. The dentine never extends into a
cavity of the bone in the mature tooth. This is a Percoid character.
The teeth of Sphyrena, on the other hand, are set in sockets. The
attachment of teeth in alveoli is of such rare occurrence among fishes
and must be so deep seated that we can hardly interpret it as less than
a family character. Mr. W. G. Ridewood, in a paper,' has this to say
in regard to this class of teeth:
The tooth and bone are in organic continuity by means of a periosteal layer com-
mon to the tooth and the jaw; and this layer may remain uncalecified so that the
teeth can be pulled out of their sockets, as in some Caracinoid fishes; or ‘‘ bone of
attachment” may, except in young teeth, anchylose the tooth to the wall of the
socket, e. g., Sphyrena.
But whether or not the tooth becomes cemented in, the enamel and
dentine extend into a cavity and do not become incorporated with the
bone.
‘Natural Science, VIII, June, 1896, p. 383.
116 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XU.
There is also a difference in the shape of the teeth of Sphyrena and
Dinolestes. Those of the former are lancelike—that is, compressed
laterally and with cutting edges. Those of the latter are round in
transverse section.
The vertebre of Dinolestes are typical, or in general resembling the
Percoids and most bony fishes in that they are of moderate length and
not much constricted in the middle. They have parapophyses devel-
oped behind the fourth vertebra, two pits on the side of each vertebra
separated by a longitudinal ridge, and the abdominal vertebre with a
pit on the ventral side with ridges on each side of it. The vertebre of
Sphyrena are long and smooth with scarcely any pits, much constricted
in the middle, making them hourglass shaped, and wel only one or
two pairs of parapophyses.
The shape of the cranium of Dinolestes is also more typically Percoid
in appearance than Sphyrenoid with the slightly rising supraoccipital
crest and more wedge-shaped lateral view.
A recapitulation with these points condensed will show at once the
affinity of Dinolestes to the Cheilodipteride.
1. The Percoid appearing cranium.
2. The thoracic ventrals.
3. The anchylosed teeth rather than teeth in sockets.
4, The character of the vertebrae, typical; not specialized as in ~
Sphyrena.
5. The lack of the long posterior processes from the epioties.
These conclusions are fortified by the following description.
DINOLESTES LEWINI.
Esox lewinit GRIFFITH (2), Cuvier’s Animal Kingdom, Griffith ed., X (1834),
p. 465, pl. 60.
Dinolestes miilleri KLUNZINGER, Archiy fiir Nat., 38. Jahrg. 1 (1872), p. 30; Hobson
Bay, South Australia.
Neosphyrana multiradiata CASTELNAU, Proc. Zool. and Acclim. Soe. Victoria, I
(1872), p. 96; Melbourne.
Lanioperca mordax GUNTHER, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 4th ser., X, (September,
1872), p. 183; Tasmania.
Dinolestes lewint Grtu, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 4th ser., XIV (1874), p. 160.
DIAGNOSIS.
Body rather elongate; preorbital region produced; mouth large, the
lower jaw projecting; canine teeth on lower jaw posteriorly and on
premaxillaries at their symphysis; sharp, cardiform teeth in a single
row on jaws, vomer and palatines; an inner row of villiform teeth on
premaxillaries; three toothed superior pharyngeals; lower pharyngeals
rather narrow, separate; gill rakers long and slender, about 4 + 13;
opercles without spines or ridges; branchiostegals 7; Suesilaes wai
supplemental bone; nasals elongate, attached by hele sides for nearly
their whole length; parietals separated; ethmoid somewhat overlying
prefrontals and vomer; posttemporal forked; postclavicle of two parts;
NO. 1186. RELATIONSHIP OF DINOLESTES LEWINI—STARKS. ilelay
basisphenoid with a descending process; myodome present with a |
small pore to the exterior posteriorly; no suborbital shelf; vertebrie
27; parapophyses present on ail abdominal vertebre except first 3;
seales cycloid; maxillaries, cheeks, opercles, and lower jaw with scales;
lateral line straight, running well out on base of caudal, scales along
its course systematically crowded; base of anal, soft dorsal, and caudal
with small scales; anal with 2 spines and about 26 rays; dorsals remote,
the first of about 5 slender spines, the second with 1 spine and about
18 rays; ventrals with 1 spine and 5 rays each; inters pinous bones not
extending between vertebral spines.
OSTEOLOGY.
Cranium, as viewed from above, rather elongate and narrow. Inter-
orbital region a flattish area with the sides nearly parallel the greater
part of its length, occupying at least a third of length of cranium.
Preorbital region elongate, not tapering till near end, occupying
another third of length of cranium. Region surrounding foramen
magnum slightly produced. Lateral view of cranium tapering rather
regularly to vomer.
Supraoccipital interposed between exoccipitals nearly to their poste-
rior ends; its crest developed superiorly and posteriorly, scarcely
extending past exoccipitals posteriorly.
Exoccipitals broadly meeting above basioccipital, entirely surround-
ing foramen magnum.
Parietals widely separated by supraoccipital, not extending over
epiotics. :
Epiotices with scarcely any process.
Prootics, opisthotics, sphenotics, and pterotics typical; that is,
Percoid-like. .
Alisphenoids widely separated. The anterior opening into brain
case large.
Basisphenoid present; a foramen between it and basis cranii. <A
slender process descending from it and attached to parasphenoid.
Myodome present; opening to the exterior at its posterior end
through an extremely small foramen.
Parasphenoid spreading out wide posteriorly.
Vomer bearing sharp short teeth in a single row around its anterior
edges. Teeth becoming smaller anteriorly.
Prefrontals large and rather elongate, the olfactory foramen scarcely
behind middle.
Ethmoid entirely superior to prefrontals and vomer, widely overly-
ing them and extending to edge of rostrum. A raised area along its
middle.
Nasals thin elongate rods of bone attached by their sides to ethmoid
for nearly their whole length; their length over a fourth that of
cranium.
Preorbital longer than wide; its outline triangular.
118 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
Suborbital ring of the usual number of five bones with a sensory
canal through them. No suborbital shelf.’
Opercle without ridges or spines on outer surface. On inner sur-
face a sharp horizontal ridge runs posteriorly from its condyle with
hyomandibular.
Subopercle extending around lower corner of opercle, upward and
backward, forming lower part of posterior opercular angle.
Interopercle very broadly attached to subopercle at its upper posterior
side.
Preopercle with ridge and sensory canal as usual.
Lower limb of hyomandibular rather long and rod-like. |
Palato-pterygoid process very long and stout. A single row of small
teeth along lower edge extending anteriorly upon a process beyond
main part of palatine somewhat similar to the usual process from upper
edge of that bone. Suspensorium otherwise typical.
Lower jaw heavy and long. The articular half as wide as long.
Teeth in a single row upon dentary, three or four canines present
posteriorly.
Angular present, rather small.
Maxillary with long supplemental bone along posterior edge.
Premaxillary rather slender, much widened at middle into a wide
process which extends behind maxillary; its lower end very slender.
A single row of elongate pointed or small canine teeth along its edge,
largest medially, growing gradually smaller toward each end. Inside
of this row a villiform band, widest medially. At upper end of each
maxillary are two large canines anchylosed immovably, the posterior
pair much hooked back. ;
Clavicle and hypercoracoid typical, or as in the Percoids.
Hypocoracoid as usual broadly joined at upper end to clavicle and
hypercoracoid, thence arching away and touching lower end of clavicle
again with a rather slender process. Besides this, from its middle, run-
ning through the usual interspace between it and clavicle, is another
process flat and thin, but strengthened through its middle, reaching to
and joined to clavicle.
Actinosts four, rather short.
Pectoral not nearer upper end of clavicle than is usual in the Percoids,
its upper ray working directly upon hypercoracoid.
Posteclavicle in two parts, the inferior very long.
Supraclavicle of moderate length.
Post-temporal widely forked; its articulation with skull typical.
Inferior hypohyal scarcely visible on outer surface of hyoid arch,
being covered by superior hypohyal, which forms the greater part of
front of arch. Hypohyals of about equal size on inner surface of arch.
Ceratohyals, Somes and pores Lypica!
1 Suborbital aieie: a ean shelf of bons ecioniline inward from the SHiyaniel
ring and conforming to the rotundity of the eyeball. Possessed by many of the
higher bony fishes.
No. 1186. RELATIONSHIP OF DINOLESTES LEWINI—STARKS. 119
Branchiostegals seven, four being borne by ceratohyal and three by
epihyal; the three anterior ones attached to inner surface of hyoid
arch.
Glossohyal wide, flat, or slightly concave above. -
Urohyal elongate, thin, without double heel below, except at extreme
anterior end.
Basibranchials three—the first not supporting any arch, the second
supporting the first arch, and to the third the second and third arches
are joined. No ossified basibranchial to fourth arch.
Epibranchials of third arch meet behind last basibranchial; epi-
‘branchials of fourth arch absent.
Suspensory pharyngeals present on first arch.
Superior pharyngeals three in number, that is, on second, third, and
fourth arches; the second largest, and with the third forming an elon-
gate patch.
First two interspinal rays of dorsal and of anal not coalesced. None
of the interspinals interposed between neural or hemal spines.
The interval between first and second dorsals occupied by two free
auxiliary interneural spines.
First interhemal spine not enlarged or in any way differentiated from
its fellows. Interhemals equally graduated from behind forward.
Ventral fins truly thoracic. The pelvic girdle long and tapering toa
slender point, which is interposed between the clavicles above their
union.
The vertebral column composed of 10 abdominal and 16 caudal,
which, with the usual hypural, number 27 vertebre.
Superior zygapophyses both posteriorly and anteriorly present, but
small, as is usual in the Percoid fishes.
Inferior zygapophyses well developed posteriorly near middle of col-
umn; anteriorly scarcely discernible.
Parapophyses developed on fourth and succeeding abdominal verte-
bre, growing larger posteriorly; the last pair connected near their
bases by a bridge of bone.
Hypural assisted in supporting caudal fin by spines from two preced-
ing vertebre.
Ribs and epipleurals typical.
120
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
[Drawn by Chloe Lesley Starks.]
Plates VIII, IX, and X, superior, lateral, and posterior views of the cranium of
Dinolestes lewini, skeleton No. 47877, U.S.N.M., from Port Jackson, Australia.
Plate XI, Dinolestes lewini, No. 47929, U.S.N.M., from Tasmania.
SIGNIFICANCE OF REFERENCE LETTERS USED ON PLATES.
als. Alisphenoid. p. Parietal.
bas. Basisphenoid. pas. Parasphenoid.
bo. Basioccipital. pf. Prefrontal.
e. Ethmoid. pro. Prootic. —
eo. Exoccipital. pto. Pterotic.
epo. Epiotic. so. Supraoccipital.
fr. Frontal. spo. Sphenotic.
opo. Opisthotic. v. Vomer.
PROCEEDINGS, VOL XXII PL. VII!
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
SUPERIOR VIEW OF CRANIUM OF DINOLESTES LEWINI.
120.
ayers
sa
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXII PL. IX
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
is
L
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 120.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXII PL. X
POSTERIOR VIEW OF CRANIUM OF DINOLESTES LEWINI.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 120.
MAR fey Shey
16
ay
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXII PL. X}
ee
rel
a
DINOLESTES LEWINI.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 120.
ie
DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF CRAYFISH.
By W. -. Hay, M. S.,
Central High School, Washington, D. C.
In working over the large collection of the Astacidze in the posses-
sion of the U. S. National Museum the following new species have come
to my notice:
CAMBARUS PILOSUS.
Type locality.—Beloit, Mitchell County, Kansas.
Type.—No. 19761, U.S.N.M.
Male, form I, not known.
Male, form II, rostrum of medium width, long, deeply excavated,
with sharp, raised, slightly converging margins; lateral teeth well
developed, acute; acumen long, slender, acute, nearly straight. Post-
orbital ridges grooved on their outer face; anterior spines small, acute.
Carapace smooth and lightly
punctate above, very finely
granulateon thesides; anterior
border not angulated and with
a well-developed fringe of cilia
extending along the lower side
of the rostrum and around
beyond the minute branchi-
ostegian spine; cervical groove
deep, sinuate, broken on the
sides above the small lateral
Spine; areola narrow. Abdo-
men longer than the cephalo-
thorax, telson rounded behind,
anterior segment with two spines on each side of the posterior border.
Second and third basal segments of the antenne with well-developed,
acute, external spines. Antennal scale a little longer than the rostrum,
outer margin slightly concave, apical spine acute and rather long; tip
concave, inner margin rounded. Epistoma subtriangular, the margins
convex. Third maxillipeds hairy on their inner and outer faces. Cheli-
peds short; chele of moderate width, punctate above, nearly smooth
Fic. 1.—Nos. 1, 2, CARAPACE; NO. 3, ANTENNAL SCALE;
No. 4, FIRST ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF MALE, FORM II.
PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. XXII—No. 1187.
121
122 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
and sparsely ciliate below; upper surface near the inner margin and
both fingers thickly ciliate; inner border of hand short, serrate, the
serrations hidden by the cilia; outer margin of hand ribbed; movable
finger serrate and ciliate on outer margin; both fingers ribbed on upper
surface and bearded at base on inner margins, the beard being most
dense on the outer finger. Carpus triangular, lightly grooved above,
ciliate along the distal margin; a small spine at the superior internal
angle and behind it a few very minute denticles, inner surface heavily
bearded along the distal margin; median spine large and curved strongly
forward; distal border beneath ciliate, and with three well-developed,
acute spines. Distal margin of meros bearded above and within, two
small spines above at the distal end; beneath, of the usual two rows of
spines, the outer row is represented by two or three strong spines, the
inner by a row of small teeth; between the rows there is, in some speci-
mens, a ciliated patch. Third pair of legs hooked. First pair of
abdominal appendages of medium, length, reaching forward to the
middle of the basal segments of the second pair of legs, very slender .
and bifid for only a short distance from the tip; inner branch con-
siderably shorter than the outer, the tip acute and turned slightly
backward and outward across the outer branch, the tip of which is com-
pressed and recurved.
Female.—Not known.
Seven specimens, the largest nearly 2 inches in length.
In some respects this species resembles quite closely Cambarus nais
Faxon, from the same region. I have not been able to compare Dr.
Faxon’s types with the species. here described, but as his description
makes no mention of the heavily ciliate chelipeds, a character which
could not have escaped his observation, and fails to agree in other
respects, I feel no hesitation in considering the specimens from Beloit
representatives of a new species.
CAMBARUS CLYPEATUS.
Type locality.—Bay St. Louis, Mississippi; U. S. Biological Survey,
collector, 1892.
Type.—No. 22778, U.S.N.M.
Male, form I, not known.
Male, form II, not known.
Female.—Rostrum long, very broad, flat, hardly at all excavated,
sides slightly raised, sharp, diverging slightly from the base to about
the middle, then converging to near the tip where they abruptly turn
in to the middle line; the tip of the rostrum is round, and the usual
lateral teeth are not represented, even by angles. Postorbital ridges
short, grooved on outer face, anterior spines wanting. Carapace
smooth and polished above, lightly punctate on the sides, anterior
margin hardly angulated; cervical groove sinuate, broken on the sides;
lateral spine wanting; branchiostegian spine minute; areola wide.
No. 1187. TWO NEW SPECIES OF CRAY FISH—HAY. 123
Abdomen longer than the cephalothorax; pleure punctate; telson
rounded behind, anterior segment with four or more spines on each
side of the posterior border. Antenne shorter than the cephalothorax;
antennal scale shorter than the rostrum, broadest near the middle, tip
convex, inner margin rounded. Epistoma broader than long, sides
convex, anterior angle denticulate. Third mavxillipeds hairy on their
inner faces. Chelipeds
moderately strong;
chele inflated, punctate
above and below; inner
margin of hand longer
than the fingers; outer
finger short, nearly
straight, inner finger
rather strongly in-
curved at tip; both fin-
gers strongly ribbed
above and provided on
their cutting edges with
two or three large teeth
Fic. 2.—Nos. 1, 2, CARAPACE; NO. 8, CHELA; NO. 4, ANNULUS
and numerous serra- ee eee
tions. Thoracic ster-
num hairy. Annulus ventralis prominent, subcircular, the wall bitu-
bereulate and thin in front, broad and low behind. The fissure is very
sharply bent to one side just within the anterior wall and is lost, but
an accessory branch, separated by a thin wall from the first, bends back
to the middle of the annulus and emerges at the posterior angle. The
appendages of the first abdominal somite are not developed.
A single specimen about 2 inches in length.
As no specimen of the male of this species has yet been collected, it
is impossible to say with certainty where this species belongs. In gen-
eral appearance it is very unlike any other North American species
yet discovered. In the rounded, toothless rostrum and the peculiarly
shaped chele it resembles somewhat some of the South American
Parastacine, but the resemblance stops there. The closest relatives
will probably be found to be some of the species of the second group of
Faxon, and of these Cambarus cubensis approaches it most closely in
appearance.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE
COMMANDER ISLANDS:!
No. XIII.—A NEW SPECIES OF STALKED MEDUSA, HALICLYSTUS
STEJNEGERI.
By K. KISHINOUYE,
Imperial Fisheries Bureau, Tokyo.
A large number of medusz, belonging to the very interesting family of
Stauromedus, were collected by Mr. Leonhard Stejneger at Nikolski,
Bering Island, one of the Commander Islands, during the summer of
1897. These medusze were preserved in formol and still remain in
excellent condition. They belong toa single species of the genus Hali-
clystus. So far as I am aware, there are only three known species of this
genus, and all of them are from the Atlantic coast. The species, how-
‘The following ‘‘ Contributions to the Natural History of the Commander Islands”
have been published in these Proceedings thus far: I. Leonhard Stejneger: Notes
on the natural history, including descriptions of new cetaceans, XI, 1883, pp.
58-89. II. Leonhard Stejneger: Investigations relating to the date of the exter-
mination of Steller’s Sea-Cow, VII, 1884, pp. 181-189.—III. W. H. Dall: Report on
the mollusca of the Commander Islands, Bering Sea, collected by Leonhard Stejneger
in 1882 and 1883, VII, 1884, pp. 340-349, pl. m. IV a. Asa Gray: Notes upon the
plants collected on the Commander Islands (Bering and Copper islands) by Leonhard
Stejneger, VII, 1885, pp. 527-529. IV s. Leonhard Stejneger: Additional notes on
the plants of the Commander Islands, VH, 1885, pp. 529-538. V. Frederick W.
True: Description of a new species of Mesoplodon, M. stejnegeri, obtained by Dr. Leon-
hard Stejneger, in Bering Island, VIII, pp. 584, 585, pl. xxy. Wil Wi EE. Dall:
Report on Bering Island mollusea collected by Mr. Nicolas Grebnitzki, IX, 1886, pp.
209-219. VII. Leonhard Stejneger: Revised and annotated catalogue of the birds
inhabiting the Commander Islands, X, 1887, pp. 117-145, pls. vu-rx. VIII. George
Vasey : Description of Alopecurus stejnegeri, a new species of grass from the Commander
Islands, X, 1887, p. 153. IX. W. Lilljeborg: On the Entomostraca collected by Mr.
Leonhard Stejneger on Bering Island, 1882-83, X, 1887, pp. 154-156. X A. Leon-
hard Stejneger: Contributions to the history of Pallas’s Cormorant, XII, 1889, pp.
83-88. XB. F. A. Lucas: Description of some bones of Pallas’s Cormorant (Phala-
crocorax perspicillatus), XII, 1889, pp. 88-94, pl. 11. XI. F. A. Lucas: The cranium
of Pallas’s Cormorant, XVIII, 1895, pp. 717-719, pls. XXXIV, Xxxv.——XII. Tarleton
H. Bean and Barton A. Bean: Fishes collected at Bering and Copper islands by Nik-
olai A. Grebnitzki and Leonhard Stejneger, XIX, 1896, pp. 237-251.
PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. XXII—No. 1188.
125
126 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOU. XXII.
ever, differs in many points from those already known, and it is so far
the only representative of the genus Haliclystus found on the Pacific
coast.
HALICLYSTUS STEJNEGERI, new species.
Type.—No. 18942, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.——Bering Island, North Pacific Ocean.
The medusa is funnel-shaped and has a rather short peduncle. The
largest specimen of the collectionis 18 mm.in height (including the pedun-
cle)and 18 mm.in diameter. The peduncle is 53mm.inheightand25mm.
in breadth. I shall give a short description of such larger specimens.
The preserved specimens are grayish or pale brown, semitransparent,
with a dark brown or nearly black streak at the umbrella margin and
Fig. 1.—HALICLYSTUS STEJNEGERI, NEW SPECIES. SIDE VIEW. *X 4.
Drawn by K. Kishinouye.
each perradial corner of the peduncle (figs. 1, 2). Besides these there
are 16 radial streaks of the same color (fig. 1). Each two of these 16.
streaks are paired along the adradii, and each two adradial pairs unite
together in turn at the perradii at the junction of the umbrella (some-
times called the calyx) and the peduncle. These dark streaks are found
in the exumbrella. In the subumbrella, too, a dark streak is found at
each perradial edge of the esophagus, and moreover there are pigment
cells around the genital sacs. In all these cases the pigment is found
in endoderm cells. zr
The umbrella, or the so-called calyx, is funnel-shaped or conical,
gradually increasing in breadth from the pedunele to the umbrella
margin. The breadth of the umbrella is one and one-third to one
and one-half times as long as its height.
no.1188. 4 NEW SPECIES OF STALKED MEDUS_E—KISHINOUYE. NG
The peduncle is nearly quadrate in cross section. It is about half
the length of the umbrella. It has four interradial longitudinal
grooves which are formed by the attachment of the teniola (fig. 1).
These teniola meet at the longitudinal axis and divide the internal
space of the peduncle into four chambers. The demarcation between
the umbrella and the pedunele is distinct.
The exumbrella is smooth, without prominent ridges or groups of
nematocysts. The gelatinous layer is equally thin everywhere and
firm in consistence. In the subumbrella we find a few small groups of
-nematocysts at the perradial sinuses of the umbrella margin only.
The muscle plates are as
in other species. The per-
radial muscles are more
weakly developed than the
interradial. The four in-
terradial infundibular deep-
eningsnearly reach the junc-
tion of the umbrella with the
peduneles.
The umbrella margin is
cut into eight adradial arms,
which are equal in size and
equally distant from each
other (fig. 2). The depth of
the incisions is about half
the length between a princi-
pal tentacle and the pedun- Fig. oe a ee ne SPECIES. VIEW
Alo. Woche acm bess. a FROM THE OVAL SIDE. X 34.
bunch of tentacles, 70 to 100
in number. Tentacles are of equal thickness, but they differ in length.
Their length decreases gradually as they approach the periphery of
the bunch. :
The eight principal tentacles are transformed into adhesive marginal
bodies (figs. 1, 2). They are large, sessile, egg-shaped, and about one-
half as long as the diameter of the peduncle.
The cesophagus or manubrium (fig. 2) is short, quadrangular, as in
other species of Haliclystus. Its wall has many longitudinal folds, and
its free margin is reflected outward. The eight rows of well-developed
gastral filaments extend from the+base of the cesophagus to the
proximal end of the genital glands.
Genital glands are eight in number, broad and leaf-shaped, tapering
at both ends. They extend almost along the entire length of the.
umbrella. As they are touching each other along the proximal half
their length (fig. 2), the subumbrella is almost entirely occupied by
them. Hach gland consists of 100 to 150 round saes. These sacs are
not arranged in rows. Those nearest to the perradii are larger than
the others. We find six to eight sacs abreast at the broadest part of
Drawn by K. Kishinovye.
128 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
each gland. Each gland is turned over at the perradial sides and forms
a part of the mesentery (fig. 2).
Small specimens (3 to 4 mm. in umbrella diameter) of the collection
differ more or less from larger specimens in the proportion of the parts
of the body, number of tentacles, and genital sacs, etc. Generally,
smaller specimens have the narrower umbrella, longer peduncle, shorter
arms shallower umbrella cavity, fewer and not much crowded genital
Fic. 3.— HALICLYSTUS STEJNEGERI. AN IMMATURE FORM, 3 MM. IN HEIGHT, DRAWN FROM A PREPARATION
IN TRANSMITTED LIGHT.
Drawn by J. Urata.
sacs, and a very little pigment in endoderm epithelium. Moreover, the
genital sacs vary in size much more greatly than in larger specimens.
The peduncle is not four-chambered. Such differences may be easily
understood by comparing figs. 1 and 2 with fig. 5.
Almost all the specimens of the collection were found to contain a
number of Gammarus in the stomach.
a
5 AOR OS SNARE
no.1188. 4 NEW SPECIES OF STALKED MEDUS#—KISHINOUYE. 129
Characteristics of different species of Haliclystus.
N Umbrella Peduncle Hight arms.~ | Hight marginal) soo nal gland
ame. mbrella. : g S. ae exual glands.
Haliclystus oc- | Conical, sur- | Cylindrical, al- | Equally dis- | Large, egg-|In each gland
toradiatus. face flat, 2 to most as long tant from shaped or 20 to 30 large
3 times as as the height each other. nearly club- sacs in two
broad as its’ of umbrella; Each arm shaped, one- longitudinal
height. no outward with 30 to 60 fourth as rows.
longitudinal tentacles. long as the
grooves. breadth of
the peduncle.
Haliclystus sal- | Pyramidal, oc- | Quadrangular | Equally dis- | Very large, as | In each gland
pink. tangular, prismatic, tant from long as arms, 40 to 50 sacs
much broad- considerably each other. obliquely in four longi-
er than its larger than Each arm trumpet- tudinal rows.
height. the height of with 60 to 70 shaped.
umbrella. tentacles.
Hatliclystusstej-| Conical, sur- | About half as | Equally dis- | Large, egg-| In each gland
negert. face flat, a long as_ the tant from shaped, half 100 to 150 sacs,
little broad- height of um- each other. as long as 6 to 8 sacs
er than its brella, with Each arm the breadth abreast in the
height. four longitu- with 70 to 100 of peduncle. broadest part.
dinal grooves. tentacles.
Halielystus au- | Pyramidal, oc- | Almost as long | Unitedinpairs.| Large, shaped | In each gland
ricula.
tangular, al-
mostas broad
as its height.
as the height
of umbrella,
with four
deep longitu-
dinal grooves.
Each arm
with 100 to
120 tentacles.
like coffee
beans, as
long as the
breadth of
the peduncle.
100 to 150 sacs
in 6 to 8 ra-
dial rows.
Tokyo, May 22, 1899.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii
9
f
s
wt é
~ DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF IDOTEA FROM
, HAKODATE BAY, JAPAN.
By HARRIET RICHARDSON.
Two distinct species were included by Miers! with Idotea ochotensis
Brandt. Ina former paper’? the author has endeavored to define the
limits of Idotea ochotensis on the one side by preserving the specitic
distinctions of Idotea rectilineata Lockington. It is the object of the
present paper to further define the limits of Idotea ochotensis on the
other side by showing the specific differences of another species, for-
merly included. Two specimens from Hakodate Bay, Japan, in the
collection in the U. S. National Museum, when compared with a large
series of f. ochotensis from various localities, extending all the way
from Kamchatka to Bering Sea and the Aleutian Islands, confirms the
impossibility of uniting them with I. ochotensis. The specimen which
Miers saw in the British Museum collection from Yeddo Island, and
which he figures, undoubtedly belongs to the same species as our two
specimens from Hakodate Bay. In regard to it Miers says:
It differs from Brandt’s figure of J. ochotensis only in its relatively longer and
slenderer body and somewhat shorter antenne, which when retracted would not
reach to the posterior margin of the fourth thoracic segment, but whose pedun-
cular joints are longer than in Brandt’s figure.
Further on he speaks of the tooth at the distal extremity of the
terminal segment as being very prominent in the specimen from
Japan. It is probable that Miers had specimens of all three species,
the one spoken of obtained at Vancouver Island being J. rectilineata
Lockington, the specimen from British Columbia being J. ochotensis
Brandt, and the Japanese specimen the one herein described.
In comparing the species, specimens have been selected which are of
nearly the same size, in order to better compare the corresponding
parts.
‘ Journal Linnzan Society of London, XVI, 1883, pp. 32-34, pl. 1, figs. 8-10.
2 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1899, p. 845.
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXII—No. 1189.
181
132 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
IDOTEA JAPONICA, new species.
Body slender, elongated, five times longer than broad, with sides
parallel. A dorsal median keel extends the entire length of the body.
Color, brownish
yellow.
Head with the
anterior margin
deeply and roundly
excavate and with
the antero-lateral
angles broadly
rounded. Eyes
situated on the ex-
treme lateral mar-
gin in the median
transverse line.
The first pair of
antenne reach only
Fie. 2.—IDOTEA OCHO- a little bey ond the
eae Oar a ee Behe TENSIS. X 2. second joint of the
peduncle of the sec-
ond pair of antenne. The second pair of antennz are half as long as
the body, and when retracted would extend to the middle of the fifth
thoracic segment; first joint of the pe-
duncle short and con cealed by the an-
tero-lateral angles in a dorsal view; sec-
ond and third joints nearly equal in
length; fourth and fifth joints equal in
length, and each equal to the second and
third taken together; flagellum com:
posed of 14 joints, and
shorter than the pe-
duncle.
Segments of the tho-
rax about equal in
length. Firstsegment
with a deep excavation
and with anterolateral
angles rounded. LEpi-
mera narrow; those of
the second, third, and a b
fourth segments oc- a b Fic. 4.—a, OPERCULAR
. Fic. 3.—-a, ANTENNA OF SECOND PAIR VALVE OF IDOTEA OCHO
cup vane only the an OF IDOTEA JAPONICA; 6, ANTENNA TENSIS; 6, OPERCULAR
terior half of the lat- OF SECOND PAIR OF IDOTEA OCHO- VALVE OF IDOTEA JAP”
eral margins; those of TENSIS. X 8. ONICA. xX 8.
the fifth and sixth segments, the anterior two-thirds, and of the seventh
segment, the entire margin.
No. 1189. A NEW SPECIES OF IDOTEA—RICHARDSON. 133
The abdomen (including the terminal segment) is composed of three
segments, with suture lines indicative of another partly coalesced seg-
ment. The terminal segment. with sides slightly converging, has the
~
Usis
a
Fig. Be —da, ABDOMEN OF IDOTEA JAPONICA; 0, ABDOMEN OF IDOTEA OCHOTENSIS; ¢, ABDOMEN OF
IDOTEA RECTILINEATA. X 8.
apex triangulate and produced much beyond the lateral angles, which
are roundly obtuse.
The legs are slender.
Two specimens come from Hakodate Bay, Japan; fap 8 fathoms in
gravel.
Type.—No. 9348, U.S.N.M.
This species differs from J. ochotensis Brandt in the following points:
1. The proportions of the body. J.
ochotensis is stouter and shorter, the
relative proportion of breadth and if
length being 2:7, while in J. japonica
the body is longer and narrower, the
relative proportion being 2:10.
2. The proportionately greater
length of the second pair of antenne.!
In J. ochotensis the joints of both
the peduncle and the flagellum are
stouter and shorter and the antennze
extend only to the posterior margin a b
of the third thoracic segment or the Fic. 6.—a, LEG OF SECOND PAIR OF IDOTEA
x : i JAPONICA; 0, LEG OF SECOND PAIR OF IDOTEA
middle of the fourth thoracic segment, — ocuorensis, X10.
while in I. japonica these joints are
longer and more slender, and the antenne reach the middle of the fifth
thoracic segment.
1 Although there is some variation in the length of the second pair of antenne of
Idotea ochotensis, nevertheless these antennz are always shorter than those of Idotea
japonica in specimens of the same size, and the peduncle of the antennz is also
shorter.
134 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXU.
3. The form of the antero-lateral angles of the first thoracic segment.
In I. ochotensis these angles are markedly truncate, while in the
present species they are rounded.
4, The narrower epimera in J. japonica.
5. The shape of the terminal segment.
In I. ochotensis the lateral margins of this segment are concave, the
lateral angles prominent and rectangular, the median posterior tooth
or apex not greatly produced, while in J. japonica the lateral margins
are straight, the lateral angles less prominent and obtuse, and the
median posterior tooth or apex greatly produced, being twice the length
of that in I. ochotensis.
6. The more slender and shorter legs of I. japonica.
7. The differently shaped opercular valves.
8. The more slender joints in the first pair of antenne of I. japonica.
LIST OF SHELLS COLLECTED BY VERNON BAILEY IN HERON
AND EAGLE LAKES, MINNESOTA, WITH NOTES.
By RoBERT EH. C, STEARNS, PH. D.,
Honorary Associate in. Zoology.
- The species listed below have been received at various times from
the United States Department of Agriculture. They forma part of the
collection of the United States National Museum, and were collected
by Mr. Vernon Bailey, an assistant in the Division of Biological
Exploration, in charge of Dr. C. Hart Merriam.
Heron Lake is in southwestern Minnesota, in Jackson County, near
the Iowa line. The material from this place was, to quote Mr. Bailey,
“scraped up on the beach,” in 1887.
Eagle Lake is in Sherburne County. This county is nearer the cen-
ter of the State, being rather south and east of the center. The collec-
tions from both places are small, so far as the number of species is
considered, but not without interest, as certain forms, which are com-
mented on at some length, indicate peculiar environmental conditions.
These conditions can only be surmised from the material itself, in the
place of personal investigation of the lakes and their waters as well
as the immediate region in which they are situated. Thetestimony of the
numerous examples.of Planorbis trivolvis from Heron Lake and Limnea
emarginata from Eagle Lake points to considerable fluctuation in the
volume of the water one season compared with another, and in the
more northerly Kagle Lake to the influence of extreme cold, or alterna-
tions of temperature conditions as related to volume of water in some
Seasons or years, as well as possible alkalinity or some chemical fluctu-
ation due to diminished volume of water at times, or, briefly, to fluctu-
ations in the quantity and temperature of the waters and the chemical
quality or proportions in the same.
The Eagle Lake shells were collected in 1891.
LIMN ZA PALUSTRIS Miller.
Heron Lake; a few examples.
LIMNZZEA CAPERATA Say.
Heron Lake; infrequent.
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXII—No. 1190.
136 ; PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.. VOL. XXII.
LIMN ZEA DESIDIOSA Say.
Bagle Lake; two living examples (Cat. No. 123895, U.S.N.M.).
LIMN ZEA EMARGINATA Say.
' Eagle Lake; abundant. Of the total number of shells from this lake,
nine-tenths belong to this species and its varieties, numbering, perfect
and imperfect being counted, probably four hundred examples.
A. Normal form (Cat. No. 123887, U.S.N.M.); smooth; spire modera-
tely elevated; rather solid and ventricose; columellar fold or twist,
rather strong.
B. Spire short (Cat. No. 123888, U.S.N.M.); rather thin and ventri-
cose, ranging from young to adult.
©. Body whorl shouldered above (Cat. No. 123889, U.S.N.M); spire
short to elevated; surface smooth to malleated ; alll
D. Deeply pied? spire rather high (Cat. ne 123890, U.S.N.M.);
surface smooth; some individuals marked by strong incremental lines;
others inconspicuously lirate; young to adult.
E. Malleated; obtusely irate (Cat. No. 123891, U.S.N.M); in some
examples partially obtusely lirate; others showing sharply developed
growth lines; spire moderate; shell rather solid; aperture effuse;
numerous examples.
F. Patulous; aperture more or less reflected (Cat. No. 123892, U.S.N.M);
surface smooth or malleated; obtusely lirate in some instances; spire
moderate; several examples.
G. Distorted, bulging (Cat. No, 123893, U.S.N.M); shells globose or
elongated; solid; smooth or malleated; suture deep; aperture in some
examples effuse; numerous specimens.
H. Immature (Cat. No. 123894, U.S.N.M.); this number and tube
includes juvenile examples of many of the foregoing, and other varietal
facies.
PLANORBIS TRIVOLVIS Say.
Heron Lake; abundant (Cat. No. 104462, U.S.N.M.). A dwarfed and
apparently arrested form of this widely distributed species was obtained
in great numbers by Mr. Bailey. The largest individual measured,
maximum, only 12.50 mm., while the average of numerous examples is
not over 9 mm.,maximum. There are two varietal forms, which point
to hybridization, suggesting campanulatus in one direction and bicari-
natus in the other. Among 143 perfect individuals, 6 exhibit the abrupt
varicose character of aperture so conspicuous in campanulatus, and there
are many examples that lean toward bicarinatus, with a pretty sharp
angle on the upper and an obtuse keel on the under side of the whorls.
These are registered in the United States National Museum, as follows:
P. trivolvis var. A (Cat. No. 104463, U.S.N.M.).
P. trivolvis var. B (Cat. No. 104464, U.S.N.M.).
No.1190. SHELLS OF HERON AND EAGLE LAKES—STEARNS. 137
PLANORBIS BICARINATUS Say.
Heron Lake (Cat. No. 104465, U.S.N.M.); Hagle Lake (Cat. No.
123897, U.S.N.M.). The 4 specimens from the first-named place are
distinetly characteristic; from the last numerous examples were
obtained.
PLANORBIS PARVUS Say.
Heron Lake (Cat. No. 104461, U.S.N.M.); Eagle Lake (Cat. No.
123899, U.S.N.M.). From each of the lakes, a few individuals were
found in the general mass of material; apparently less common than
the larger species.
PLANORBIS CAMPANULATUS Say.
Eagle Lake (Cat. No. 123898, U.S.N.M.); two examples.
PHYSA HETEROSTROPHA Say.
Heron Lake; Eagle Lake (Cat. No. 123896, U.S.N.M.). From the
former several examples; from the latter two rather undersized speci-
mens.
PHYSA GYRINA Say.
Heron Lake; a few specimens.
BYTHINELLA OBTUSA Lea.
Heron Lake (Cat. No. 104459, U.S.N.M.); Eagle Lake (Cat. No. 123902,
U.S.N.M.). Many examples from each of the lakes, but apparently
less frequent than the following:
AMNICOLA CINCINNATIENSIS Anthony.
Heron Lake (Cat. No. 104458, U.S.N.M.); Eagle Lake (Cat. No.
123901, U.S.N.M.). Abundant in Heron Lake, frequently of large size;
also common in Kagle Lake.
VALVATA TRICARINATA Say.
Heron Lake (Cat. No. 104460, U.S.N.M.); Eagle Lake (Cat. No.
123900, U.S.N.M.). Exceedingly common and of large size in Heron
Lake; the median keel sometimes obsolete. Hight examples from Eagle
Lake.
SUCCINEA OVALIS Gould.
Near Heron Lake (Cat. No. 104466, U.S.N.M.). A single example of
this terrestial form was detected near the margin of the lake.
SPHAZRIUM STRIATINUM Lamarck.
Heron Lake (Cat. No. 104467, U.S.N.M.); not uncommon.
SPF RIUM SOLIDULUM Prime.
Heron Lake; many dead valves.
138 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII
PISIDIUM COMPRESSUM Prime.
Heron Lake; a single dead valve.
PISIDIUM VARIABILE Prime.
BRagle Lake (Cat. No. 123903, U.S.N.M.); numerous odd valves.
It is presumable that these lakes contain many species not mentioned
above. It should be borne in mind that no attempt was made by Mr.
Bailey to make an exhaustive collection of the molluscan life in these
bodies of water; he simply collected such material as came readily to
his hand without interfering with his special work.
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW VARIETY OF HALIOTIS FROM
CALIFORNIA, WITH FAUNAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL
NOTES.
By RoBErRtT H. C. STEARNS, Ph. D.,
Honorary Associate in Zoology.
Of the littoral fauna of that long line of coast extending from Point
Bonita, on the north side of the entrance to San Francisco Bay, to Cape
Flattery, the southerly point of the entrance to the Strait of Juan de
Fuea, a stretch of nearly 700 nautical miles, but little is known. The
general aspect of the coast throughout most of its extent is broken,
jagged, and rocky, with bold abrupt bluffs, against which in ordinary
weather the ocean dashes with greater or less violence, and therefore
unfavorable to the field work of the naturalist.
There are, however, many reaches of a more inviting character, where
the rocky shore dips under the sea with so moderate a slope that the
zone uncovered at extreme low tides is of considerable width, often
seamed and cut up by narrow furrows and channels, with many shal-
low pools, and frequently clothed with a heavy growth of bladder weed,
altogether presenting a tempting challenge to the collector.
Then there are sandy flats of considerable area, as at Tomales and
Bodega, and gravelly beaches occur, of moderate extent, with occa-
sional, sometimes numerous, detached rock masses and bowlders.
While there are many so-called ports, embarcaderos, or landing
places between the points above named, especially along the California
coast, a large proportion, perhaps one-half or more of the coastwise
settlements indicated on the map, consist of small communities inci-
dental to the limited local business. At these places it is often the
case there is no harbor, merely a simple roadstead or anchorage, avail-
able only in good weather. For the purposes of the collector the
immediate neighborhood of many of these places is of trifling impor-
tance. The desirable portions of the coast are generally inaccessible by
sea and require an outfit for land service, with camp equipage and the
usual requisites, with ample appliances for shore work. The best time
of the year is the spring, the months of March, April, and May, before
the harsh westerly winds begin to sweep in from the sea—usually from
the first to the middle of June.
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. XXII—No. 1191.
139
140 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
Bolinas, Tomales, and Bodega bays, particularly the first and the
adjacent Duxbury reef, being near San Francisco, have been visited by
a few collectors, by Colonel Jewett and myself in 1866, and since by
Raymond, Hemphill, and Wood, and again by the author, but nothing
like thorough work has been done even at these places, the number
of species of mollusks usually obtained being from 90 to 100. At
Bodega, visited by Dr. Newcomb and myself in 1867, some 90 species
were collected. Mr. Hemphill has collected at Fort Bragg and Hum-
boldt Bay, at the latter place securing some interesting forms, including
Paludinella newcombiana, a new species. On the coast of Mendocino
County, nearly thirty years ago, Mr. Harford found near Big Spanish
Flat a new Fusus (fF. harfordii). His collection was exceedingly
meager, most of his time having been devoted to botany. A visit to
Crescent City made by the author in 1862 was a failure so far as shell
collecting was concerned, for the beaches and shores in every direction
were so piled up with driftwood and the refuse of the great flood of the
previous winter as to be absolutely inaccessible. Some little collecting —
has been done at Coos and Shoalwater ' bays and at Grays Harbor, on
the coast of Washington.
It will be seen from the foregoing that the totality of research
throughout this great stretch of coast is quite insignificant. The same
may be said in great measure of the biological investigation of the
uplands back from and bordering on the shore. —
The occurrence of Olivella intorta in quantity somewhere along the
coast in the neighborhood of Trinidad is implied by the large number
of this rare species contained in a necklace” obtained from the Hoopa
Indians by Lieutenant Ray.
Another peculiar form has recently been added to the few that have
been detected in the region herein reviewed.
HALIOTIS FULGENS Philippi var. WALALLENSIS Stearns.
On the coast of Mendocino County, California, in the extreme south-
west corner, close tothe northerly boundary line of Sonomo County, is an
embarcadero, or shipping point of the lumber interests of that neighbor-
hood. Here is situated a small settlement known as Gualala.? The
coast hereabout is broken and rocky, with bluffs 50 to 100 feet high.
In the immediate vicinity of this village Mr. J. J. Rivers some years
ago collected the form here described,* specimens of which are contained
1It may be well to recall what I have elsewhere mentioned, the planting of Mya
arenaria in Shoalwater Bay by Captain Simpson, of San Francisco. This was some
fifteen years ago.
2Cat. No. 77185, U.S.N.M., Ethnological department.
3Gualala, which is the official post-office name of the village, is a localized cor-
ruption of the Indian Walalla, which latter, I think, should be perpetuated.
4A preliminary description of this variety was published in The Nautilus, No. 9,
XII, January, 1899.
No. 1191. A NEW VARIETY OF HALIOTIS—STEARNS. 141
in the U.S. National Museum (Cat. No. 98327) and in the museum of
the University of California.
The examples in the U.S. National Museum collection were presented
to me by Mr. Rivers, and are a part of the original lot. The largest
adult is of much smaller size than average full-grown examples of the
ordinary form of H. fulgens. My examination of the entire series col-
lected by Mr. Rivers suggested the European H. tuberculata of the
Channel Islands. There is a Japanese species figured in Reeves’s
Conchologia Iconica, H. planata Sowerby, which it Somewhat resembles.
As my notes were unfortunately destroyed some years ago, Mr. Dall
has kindly furnished the following from the U. 8S. National Museum
examples:
Shell of an oval form, considerably flattened, and with about two and a half
whorls; color, dark brick red, with occasional mottlings of pale bluish green; holes,
four in the young to six in the adult; sculpture of fine, somewhat irregular spiral
threads, crossed by fine, close, slightly elevated, sharp concentric lamelle, and a
few small obscure wavelets which radiate obliquely from the apex; nacre rather
pale, with pink and pale-green reflections, but much less deep in color than the
typical fulgens.
This variety differs from the type in its more elongate and flattened form, its con-
stantly finer, spiral threading, and its paler nacre. The concentric lamellation is
sometimes undeveloped on the young shells. It has the same number of holes as
the type.
The above may be regarded as the extreme northerly expression of
H. fulgens, which has not heretofore been credited to any part of the
coast north of Point Concepcion. From that point to Gualalla is an
immense jimpe about 320 nautical miles,
Regarding the number of holes in certain species of Haliotis, I find
the following in my notes: H. fulgens, from Lower California, fifty-six
show a total of 326 complete and incomplete, an average of six and a
fraction; one example had 8 and five 7 holes. Of H. rufescens twenty-
four had 87 complete, fifteen showing 60, and nine 27 holes, an average
of 33. H.cracherodii, thirty-seven examples gave a total of 236 com-
plete holes, an average of about 65; one individual. had only 2, two
had 4, while five had 9, approaching the insular form known.as Cali-
forniensis Swainson. All of the foregoing were adult shells.
The “Abalone fishery” on the west coast has been pursued unceas-
ingly for about thirty-five years. My notebook shows that as long ago
as the year 1866 no less than 1,697 sacks, each containing from a bushel
to a bushel and a half, were exported to China. At that time, and for
many years after, the ‘‘dried meats” only were of commercial value,
there being but a very limited demand for tle shells. Later the shells
came into general use for a great variety of purposes, so the fishery has
been followed more energetically than ever, with the result that in many
places the supply has been nearly exhausted. In certain localities
where the principal species, Haliotis rufescens, H. cracherodii, and
H. fulgens, were abundant they are now comparatively scarce. Recently
142 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
the attention of the authorities of some of the seaboard counties having
been called to the matter, it is likely that before long the fishery will
be either prohibited for a term of years or in some way regulated by
law. From the little island of Anacapa in the Santa Barbara chan-
nel two persons obtained over 2 tons of shells and meats, being their
second catch within a few months. Fortunately there are numerous |
places along the coast that are inaccessible, so there is but little danger _
of any of the species becoming absolutely extinct.
ON THE LOWER SILURIAN (TRENTON) FAUNA OF
BAFFIN LAND.
By CHARLES SCHUCHERT,
Assistant Curator, Division of Stratigraphic Paleontology.
INTRODUCTION.
In the summer of 1897, a number of men took advantage of the Sev-
enth Peary Arctic Expedition to cruise in Arctic seas and to hunt and
fish in Baffin Land. The author had the pleasure of meeting these
men while on board the steamer Hope, and learned that they intended
to make a whale-boat trip to the head of Frobisher Bay. As many
Lower Silurian fossils had been seen by Hall during his exploration of
this bay, the author requested the Baftin Land party to search for fos-
sils. On the subsequent return of the steamer Hope from North Green-
land, it was a great surprise to find that Messrs. J. N. Carpender, R.
W. Porter, A. V. Shaw, A. H. White, and F. G. Goodridge, had made
splendid collections of fossils during their stay of but a few hours at
Silliman’s Fossil Mount, which is at the head of Frobisher Bay.
These fossils are well preserved, and here, as 1s so often the case in
Paleozoic faunas, the brachiopod specimens predominate. However,
unlike other Trenton faunas, the Arctic mollusca usually preserve the
shell, and this is the more remarkable because all the fossils weather
out of a bluish clay. The author’s interest in and admiration for these
well-preserved fossil forms from a rarely visited region was so great
that he could not resist asking the loan of the various collections for the
purpose of making them known to paleontologists. Mr. J. N.Carpen-
der, of New Brunswick, New Jersey, who had the most extensive col-
lection, with great liberality allowed the author to make a selection
from these fossils for the U.S. National Museum. From him, there-
fore, this Museum has received 54 species represented by 113 speci-
mens. The next largest lots were gathered by Messrs. A. H. White
and A. V. Shaw, and purchased for the Museum. Mr. F. G. Goodridge
presented one of the finest trilobites found. Mr. R. W. Porter also
made a good collection, which he deposited in the American Museum
———
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXII—No. 1192. 143
144 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
of Natural History, and these specimens were kindly placed at the
author’s disposal for study, by Prof. R. P. Whitfield. To these gentle-
men, therefore, paleontology is indebted for rendering it possible to
describe one of the best collections of fossils made in Arctic regions.
With the aid of a camera lucida, Mr. E. O. Ulrich, of Newport,
Kentucky, made the figures, which are accurate representations of the
species. The author is further indebted to him for paleontological
assistance, and his various notes are incorporated in this paper in
their proper places.
DESCRIPTION OF LOCALITIES.
Frobisher Bay.—Previous to 1897, all that was known of the geology
of Frobisher Bay was included in a few incidental notes by Charles
Francis Hall.' His collections were partly studied by Mr. R. P.
Stevens? and Prof. B. K. Emerson.’
During the months of August and September, 1861, Hall, in com-
pany with Innuit men, women, and children, explored, by means of
whale boats, the greater part of Frobisher Bay, which up to that time
was believed by civilized man to be astrait. On this trip he was also
greatly rejoiced to find unmistakable evidence of Frobisher’s visit of
1556-57. The book cited is interesting reading, and from it are taken
the following notes regarding the geology of this Bay.
Jones Cape.—Hall ‘“‘ascended a mountain in the rear of our encamp-
ment. * * * On my way I observed a considerable quantity of the
stone I had noticed upon Iron Island, and I also saw many small pieces
of limestone on the very summit about a thousand feet above the level
of the sea.” +
This may be the locality which furnished the fossils from the Utica
stage, described by Professor Emerson and listed beyond.
Cape Stevens.—This locality is nearly 100 miles farther inland than
Cape Jones, and here Hall on the top of a mountain “found numerous
shells and fossils, some of which |he] brought away.”
This may be the locality furnishing the Trenton fossils described by
Professor Emerson and listed beyond.
Sillimaw’s Fossil Mount.—At this place fossils were first brought to
Hall by the natives.
At my left, across the river, was aridge of white, which I afterward named Silli-
man’s Fossil Mount (thus named after Benjamin Silliman, jr., of New Haven, Con-
necticut. This fossil mount is on the west side of the termination of Frobisher Bay.
It is in latitude 63° 44’, longitude 68° 56’), and behind it the unbroken front of a line
1 Arctic Researches a ios Among the Esquimaux, New York, 1865.
2Amer. Journ. Sci., 2d ser., XXXV, 1863, p. 404.
3Narrative of the Second Kees Expedition made by Charles F. Hall, edited by
J. E. Nourse, Washington, 1879. Appendix III, On the Geology of Frobisher Bay,
and Field Bay, by B. K. Emerson.
4Tbidem, p. 373.
5Tbidem, p. 381.
No. 1192. - TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. 145
of mountains extending northwesterly to the opening which I have called the Great
Gateway.! * * *
I visited that phenomenon; I mounted it, and went around italso. Itis amount
of marine fossils in limestone, half a mile long, and over a hundred feet high [840
feet aneroid, according to Porter]. * * * The débris of the fossils begins at or
near the top of the mount, falling at such an angle as broken stone from a mountain
always make, an inclination of about 40°. Above the talus, or heap of broken stones,
is a mass of fossils in limestone, strata-like. A smaller mount of the same char-
acter is close by, but all
in débris. It seems to fe
have been divided from
the main mount by the
rushing down of waters :
from the mountains he- 2 oS
hind. A small stream
comes down the moun-
tains, passes along, and
finally makes its way out
between the two fossil
mounts. This is also in-
dicated in the course of
this stream, as an acre
or more of the plain is
covered several feet in
depth with the washed-
down débris of fossils.
ieee Ehe top.of Sil- Fig. 1.—A DISTANT VIEW OF SILLIMAN’s Fossit Mounr.
liman’s Fossil Mount is (Photograph by R. W. Porter.)
covered with boulders
and grass. Even when close to the small mouat it looks like sand, but on examina-
tion it is fine broken limestoné and fossils.”
Mr. R. W. Porter, who visited Silliman’s Fossil Mount in August,
1897, described it to the writer as follows:
ON BOARD 8. 8. HOPE,
September 18, 1897.
CHARLES SCHUCHERT, Esq.
My Dear Sir: In accordance with your request, I take pleasure in handing to
you the following notes on Silliman’s Fossil Mount (Hall’s) of Frobisher Bay, Baffin
Land. They are very meager—the results of only a few hours’ visit to this forma-
tion, as J had intended to give the place a more thorough search next year.
Silliman’s Fossil Mount lies at the head of Frobisher Bay, some 3 miles south of the
Jordan River and about 1 mile from tide water. It lies close against the mountains
of Meta Incognita [apparently unconformably], is about 1,000 yards long and 340 feet
high (aneroid; not 100 feet, as given by Hall), general (lirection northwest and south-
east. The fossils were taken from the talus slopes, the bed of the brook flowing
at the base of the mount, in the limestone near the summit, and on the top itself.
At its northern end there is a smaller mount of lesser height. The mount forms
a striking feature of the landscape, and is composed of limestone, disintegrated to
such an extent that the talus reaches nearly to the summit, which is very flat and
composed of the ledge itself. This limestone ledge of nearly horizontal beds out-
‘Narrative of the Second Arctic Expedition made by Charles F. Hall, edited by
J. E. Nourse, Washington, 1879. Appendix III, On the Geology of Frobisher Bay,
and Field Bay, by B. K. Emerson, p. 408.
2Tbidem, pp. 410-411.
Proce. N. M. vol. xxii 10
146 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
crops all around the summit with vertical sides 10 to 20 feet high. The summit or
table top is covered with moss and grass and several large bowlders of glacial origin.
At its southeastern extremity it is joined to the range of mountains running par-
allel to the mount and rising to altitudes of from 500 to 800 feet. Between the
mount and neighboring mountain side flows a good-sized brook, flowing northwardly
and out into the valley between the
greater and lesser mounts.
This brook has probably caused the
separation of these two elevations,
and has carried a quantity of clay
and limestone out into the valley for
several hundred yards.
A close scrutiny of the adjacent
mountain range revealed no limestone
formation on its side. The rock of this
range is a dark mica-schist, the dips
making an angle of about 30° with the
horizon. Its surface in many places
shows the marks of glaciation (one
moraine lying against the northern
side of the smaller mount), but for the
most part the parent ledge is hidden
under a quantity of its own rock
broken up by frost action.
‘I found a great number of limestone
bowlders, erratics, scattered through
the valley of the Jordan River and on
Se Sere the sides and summits of the moun-
Fic. 2.—A NEAR VIEW OF SILLIMAN’s Fossin Mount, tains which border it.
(Photograph by R. W. Porter.) Finally, it may be interesting to
know that the natives told me that
these same formations containing fossils existed in several localities in the lake
region of the interior.
Very truly, yours,
RUSSELL W. PORTER.
Region west and northwest of Frobisher Bay.—From Mr. Porter’s
account of Silliman’s Fossil Mount, it is evident that similar Lower
Silurian strata occur in the lake region of the interior of Baffin Land.
Mr. EK. M. Kindle! reports that Missionary Peck obtained from Lake
Kennedy, which lies northwest of the head of Cumberland Sound, the
following drift fossils:
Zaphrentis sp.? [probably Streptelasma corniculum|.
Halysites catenulatus |probably var. gracilis Hall].
Maclurea magna? [probably Maclurina manitobensis].
Endoceras proteiforme.
With the fauna of Silliman’s Fossil Mount as a guide, it is probable
that no horizon other than the Trenton is indicated by the species cited.
Dr. Robert Bell? reports that—
On ice pans farther up the coast [from Big Island in Hudson Strait], or to the
1 Amer. Journ. Sci., 4th ser., II, 1896, p. 456.
2 Observations on the Geology, etc., of Hudson Strait and Bay, made in 1885. Ann.
Rept. Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey of Canada, new ser., I, 1885, pp. DD. For a sum-
mary of North American Arctic geology see the report of the same Survey for 1886,
II, 1887, p. R.
NO. 1192. TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. 147
northwestward, I found fragments of shaly marl and of gray limestone with fossils,
among which Receptaculites Oweni was easily distinguished. Shells and bryozoa,
belonging to moderately deep-water species, were found on the same pans. The
limestone fragments, just mentioned, would point to the occurrence of Silurian rocks
on or near the great bays in the western part of the north shore of the straits, where
the land is said to be low [see also the description of Akpatok Island]. Dr. Franz
Boas of Berlin [now of New York] has recorded the existence of these rocks in the
interior of Baffin Land, about 2 degrees of latitude north of this region, He says:!
“Through the occurrence of the Silurian rocks in the Nettilling (Lake) (— Lake
Kennedy), the discovery of the same formation at the upper end of Frobisher Bay
increases in value. We must now suppose that the Silurian limestones, which appear
at Prince Ruperts Inlet, extend from there to Frobisher Bay, and overlie the granites
and gneisses of Baffins Bay aud Davis Strait. We will not be far astray if we con-
nect this extensive Silurian district with the limestones which occur to the south of
Igluling; and which form the flat eastern half of Melville Peninsula. Southward
from Nettilling, these rocks rise in low hill ranges.”
Farther to the north, great areas of Upper Silurian rocks occur,
yielding characteristic fossils of this age. In association with this
fauna also occur species of Lower Silurian age. Two of these are.
Receptaculites arcticus Etheridge, and R. occidentalis Salter. The latter
may be the same as R. oweni of this paper, a species closely related to
R. occidentalis. One or both of these species are found associated with
a typical Upper Silurian fauna at Cape Louis Napoleon (latitude 79°
38/ north), and Cape Frazer (latitude 79° 45/ north). Maclurea arctica
Haughton, WM. logani Salter, and M. magna Lesueur, are also identified
as occurring in this region in Upper Silurian faunas. Such localities
are Fury Point (latitude 72° 50’ north, longitude 92° west), Depot Bay
(latitude 72° north, longitude 94° west), Cape Hilgard (latitude 79°
41’ north), and Bessels Bay (latitude 81° 6’). Maclurea arctica with
Actinoceras crebriseptum Hall and Receptaculites neptunt Defrance (prob-
ably = R. oweni) are found with Upper Silurian fossils on the west
coast of King Williams Island. Maclurea, or Maclurina, is a genus
restricted to the Lower Silurian, and the same is true of Actinoceras
crebriseptum. On the other hand, Etheridge has described as Helico-
toma nuresii, a similar shell from the Upper Silurian of Offley Island
(latitude 81° 16’ north) and with this the author has identified a speci-
men in the U.S. National Museum collected by Dr. E. Bessels at Polaris
Bay (latitude 81° 38’ north). The preservation of these shells, however,
is such that any identification will have little value.
The foregoing facts can be interpreted in various ways:
First, Arctic collections of fossils are usually made by explorers who
pick up loose fossils, some of which may have been carried by the ice
considerable distances. In this way, specimens from several horizons
become mixed. The author, however, does not believe that this is gen-
erally the case here, since the apparant mixtures occur in seven local-
ities distributed between latitudes 72° to 81° 6’ north.
Secondly, the identifications are not uniform, and this is particularly
true of the specimens ot Maclurea. For the present, therefore, it will
' Petermann’s Mittheilungen, November, 1885.
148 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. I
be necessary to eliminate such identifications as horizon markers from ;
the Upper Silurian local faune.
Thirdly, Receptaculites arcticus,! R. occidentalis, and R. oweni are good
Lower Silurian horizon markers and are easily identified. Therefore
the writer accepts the presence of these forms as indicative of Lower
Silurian rocks. Such localities are Cape Louis Napoleon, Cape Frazer,
and the west coast of King Williams Island.
From this evidence, it appears that to the north of Baffin Land wher
areas of Trenton strata occur, and likewise that at Cape Louis Napoleon,
Cape Frazer, and on the west coast of King Williams Island, they
underlie the Upper Silurian beds. Probably, it is this occurrence
rather than the transportation by ice, which has led to the aes of
the faunas.
Akpatok Island.—The Trenton of Frobisher Bay and Lake Kennedy
apparently continues southward to Hudson Strait, where, in the vicinity
of Big Island, Receptaculites owent was found by Dr. Bell on pan ice, as
described above. Another Trenton limestone area occurs more to the
east, and near the south shore of Hudson Strait, on Akpatok Island, in
Ungava Bay. Here Dr. Bell? obtained 90 fossils of Trenton age. He
writes:
The portion of the island which I saw [northern end to middle of east side] con-
sists of unaltered gray limestone in horizontal beds, and it presents a perpendicular
wall 400 to 500 feet high all along. This sea wall is clear cut and the beds appear
thick and solid, but wherever their edges have been long exposed to the weather or
in the hillsides and ravines of the interior, they split up into thinner layers. Some
fragments observed in one place had the appearance of lithographic stone. * * *
This formation must here have a thickness of 900 feet above sea level, and there is
possibly a great additional thickness of Cambro-Silurian rocks beneath the sea level.
EXTENT OF THE ARCTIC TRENTON.
From the foregoing description of localities, it appears that Middle
Lower Silurian horizons are very extensive in eastern Arctic America.
Such are known in places on either side of Hudson Strait, Frobisher
Bay, the interior of Baffin Land, and to the north of this land at vari-
ous localities between latitudes 79° and 80° north. As far as known,
these strata unconformably overlie very ancient crystalline rocks and
are in turn overlain by Upper Silurian beds of Niagara or Wenlock age.
Lower Cambrian rocks are found in southern Labrador, but in the
region of Baftin Land such are not known to be present. Here, then,
there seems to be a complete break from the Laurentian to the Tren-
ton, followed by another break paleontogically, in the absence of the
Cincinnatian beds, and probably the lower horizons of the Upper
Silurian. The Lower Silurian fossils of this area indicate nothing older
than the por Trenton of New York and the Galena of Wisconsin and
iPhe fans of ani species are in adhe British Mnccnn and Dr. Hinde in his work
on the Receptaculitide (Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., London, November, 1884, p. 845)
gives the horizon as Lower Silurian.
2Summary Rept. of Geol. Surv. Dept. for the year 1897-98, pp. 82, 83
No. 1192. TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. 149
- Minnesota, and nothing younger than the Utica stage of the United
States. The thickness of these beds is not less than 900 feet and prob-
ably exceeds this.
This summary is based on information known to the author, and,
while the evidence is meager, the essential geological age and the
sequence of the rocks of Baftin Land seem to be established.
PALEONTOLOGY.
Hall's collections.—The few fossils collected at Silliman’s Fossil Mount
and brought to America by Mr. Hall were identified by R. P. Stevens!
for the New York Lyceum of Natural History, as follows:
Maclurea magna Leseuer [probably Maclurina manitobensis].
Endoceras proteiforme Hall? [—Cameroceras proteiforme].
Orthoceras (badly worn specimens).
Heliolites (new species).
Heliolites (new species).
Halysites catenulata. :
Receptaculites (new species) [=?R. oweni of this paper].
There is apparently nothing in this list but what was again discov-
ered in 1897. Mr. Stevens writes that ‘the fossils, without doubt, are
all Lower Silurian,” and on the basis of the Maclurea magna “would
place the limestone containing it on the horizon of the Chazy limestone
of New York.” However, it does not appear that this writer announced
any particular age beyond Lower Silurian for the rocks comprised in
‘Silliman’s Fossil Mount.?
_Another lot of fossils collected by Hall on his first expedition to
Frobisher Bay was given to Amherst College, and forms the basis of
Prof. B. K. Emerson’s report ‘‘On the Geology of Frobisher Bay and
Field Bay.” In this lot, there is apparently nothing from Silliman’s
Fossil Mount, but Utica and Trenton fossils are present from localities
more to the eastward and from the north shore of Frobisher Bay.
These are:
TRENTON SPECIES. UTICA SPECIES.
[‘‘ Gray argillaceous limestone.” ?Cape Stevens.] | [‘‘Flinty bituminous limestone.” ?Jones Cape. j
Buthotrephis cfr. gracilis Hall. Diplograptus dentatus(Brongniart).
Stictopora ramosa Hall? Lingula curta Conrad.
Rhynchonella. | Hndoceras proteiforme Hall.
Tellinomya levata Hall. Orthoceras laqueatum Hall?
Murchisonia gracilis? Triarthrus becki Green.
Conularia trentonensis Hall. Calymmene senaria Conrad.
1Amer. Journ. Sci., 2d ser., XXXV, 1863, pp. 293, 294.
2Prof. B. K. Emerson says: ‘‘We made inquiry, but can find no traces of this or
the other fossils reported upon in Mr. Stevens’s article quoted.” See ‘On the Geol-
ogy of Frobisher Bay and Field Bay.” Appendix III to ‘Narrative of the Second
Arctic Expedition made by Charles F. Hall,” edited by Prof. J. E. Nourse, Washing-
ton, 1879, p. 576.
150 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
y
TRENTON SPECIES—continued. UTICA SPECIES—continued.
[‘‘Gray argillaceous limestone.” ?Cape Stevens.] | [‘‘ Flinty bituminous limestone.” ?Jones Cape.]
Tentaculites. Cyphaspis frobishert Kmerson.
Leperditia alta Conrad. .
Leperditia canadensis Jones.
Primitia muta Jones.
Frimitia frobishert Emerson.
Beyrichia symmetricus Emerson.
Asaphus sp.
The Trenton horizon may be the same as that of Silliman’s Fossil
Mount. In any event, the foregoing lists indicate horizons intimately
connected, and it is probable that all the fossiliferous strata at the head
of Frobisher Bay are of Trenton and Utica age.
Akpatok Island.—The fossils collected by Dr. Bell on Akpatok Island
have been studied by Professor Whiteaves,' with the following results:
The species indicate the Trenton limestone, and ‘are remarkably
similar to the fossils of the Trenton formation of the Red River Valley
in Manitoba.” ‘Eleven had previously been found in the Manitoba
Trenton, and nine are species that are common at East Selkirk and
Lower Fort Garry.” This fauna also connects directly with that of
Silliman’s Fossil Mount.
The following is a list of the species:
Receptaculites owent Hall. .
Streptelasma robustum W hiteaves.
Calapecia canadensis Billings.
Rafinesquina lata Whiteaves.
Leptena unicostata (Meek and Worthen).
Plectambonites sericea (Sowerby).
Orthis tricenaria Conrad.
Orthis (Dinorthis) meedsi arctica Schuchert.
Orthis (Hebertella) bellirugosa (Conrad).
Orthis (Dalmanella) testudinaria (Dalman).
Platystrophia biforata (Schlotheim).
?Rhynchotrema inequivalvis (Castelnau).
Cyrtoceras manitobense Whiteaves.
1Amer. Journ. Sci., 4th ser., VII, 1899, pp. 433, 434.
No. 1192. TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN L4ND—SCHUCHERT.
151
List of fossils from Silliman’s Fossil Mount and their distribution.
Species.
or
Birdseye
Lowville.
Receptaculites oweni Hall....... Waaainta nace ce woe cect coe emirsomnile
HischMnitesvowmensisi( Owen) secceecioccecamnancenaccs ce caceieecsie
Halysites catenulatus gracilis (Hall) .........-------------------
Tyellia afinis (Billings) -~--- <2. .25-..-s2-ce eee e= -- == nee ee
Plasmopora lambw, new species ..-..------------------+--------
Calapevia canadensis Billings....--..--...----------------+-----
Streptelasma corniculum iE Lee eae es eR tere es oe
IPOKOCTUNUS SNA2Ut, DOW: SPCCICS) «1,-1.1 sine > <\-l- > i= =e le a
LEEK ROC DOS Ci fHHOS MDGS? SasacecoancadooncKcoS=cecoceqco9500008
Crepipora, species undetermined ..........------.--------------
OpinsiimicenarioCOnradeerece eee eeeeereonesce cease ero eee
Orthis (Dalmanella) testudinaria (Dalman)-..-......------------
Orthis (Plectorthis) plicatella Hall.........----..----------------
Orthis (Hebertetla) borealis (Billings) ......----.----------------
Orthis (Hebertella) bellirugosa (Conrad) ........-----------------
Orthis (Dinorthis) meedsi Winchell and Schuchert-..---.-.------
Orthis (Dinorthis) meedst arctica, new variety .-...--.----------
Platystrophia bifo: ata (Schlotheim)........--..-..--------------
Parastrophia hemiplicata Hall..-.-....-.-.- Raye fale Cas aiceteen yer mia
Rhynchotrema inequivalvis (Castelnau) ......-..---------------
GienodontarysubnasiutonWilrichytasssascsnee nec ceneec eae e eel
Ctenodonta frobisherensis, new species....-------.--------------
Ctenodonta carpenderi, new species.-.-..-.---------------------
Ctenodonta bajinensis, new species. ......---.------------------
Modiolodon arctica, new species .--..--..-....------------------
Whiteavesia symmetricus, hew species .....---.---- Se Ppecacroeae
Cyrtodonta sillimanensis, new species. .--...----------------
Cyrtodonta gibbera, Ulrich variety.....--.----.-----------------
WCRI CRD WNT BakossoocoscoacosancoasaebonbeSpeoDoE
Vanuxemia bafinensis, new species ....--..-.---------------+---
Whitella arcticus, new specieS....-....----------+----------eeeee
Sara WOCSGs USO eaoosocsngocbbooduocssasonceqoaqodsoce
Protowarthia pervolutus Ulrich and Scofield --.-.....--.--------
Tetranota obsoleta Ulrich and Scofield....-.---------------------
Kokenia costalis Ulrich and Scofield ...-.-....------------------
Bellerophon similis Ulrichand Scofield...--.--------------------
Lophospira spironema Ulrich and Scofield ..-..--..-------------
Liospira americana (Billings)...-.---..-.-----------------++----
Clathrospira conica Ulrich and Scofield.......-...---.-----------
Seely a(2)rulwicht NewiSpeCles-- cas -acceeneos esos ee anise ele
Je aanoTn@ (A) Uanrocna: SEMI BeagouconbauduUee csoduauadousoaouee
Maclurina manitobensis (Whiteaves) .....--------.-------------
Maclurina cuneata (Whittield) ............-.-----.-------------
Maclurea crassa Ulrich and Scofield .--.....----.-----.---------
Trochonema umbilicatum (Hall)........-------------------------
Trochonema (Eunema) robbinsi Ulrich and Scotield . ..----.-----
sHolopea arctica, New Species. -.+2--s-2+sne.0--+- 2-552 ees e-s 5
Trochus (?), species undetermined.......-..-..-..---------------
Fusispira inflata (Meek and Worthen) ...----.-----------------
Fusispira nobilis Ulrich and Schofield ........------------------
Camerocerasiproteuforme) (Hall) pteesee ee. asec eee a eee eee
Orthoceras olorus bafinensis, new variety...-.-------------------
Onihocerastbuliveatum ilalleeee sets eee eee oeiee cece
Orthoceras\portert, New. SPCCl@S.=..---02- s-<--22----+2-2252 ~~ -
Orthoceras scalariformis, new species ..-...---------------------
Cyrtoceras manitobense Whiteaves.......-------------.---------
Cyrtoceras cornulwm, new species..-----.--.------- bs Ree acantes
Cyrtoceras bafinensis, new species ...-.-------------------------
Clinoceras exiguum (Billings)......-....--------------+--+------
Oncoceras arcticum, New species .....---.-----------------------
Poterioceras, species undetermined....-.-----------------.------
Eurystomites plicatus Whiteaves -..-.----------- --------------
LEY OOGYIOROS GRO: ONTO 15 ooo acoooodoae bomouacacuneoaceooDe done
EZR UINUVUU Ca OLBIGUCE ENTE ee eco ene acetone Cine eee ae lo sieicein sais
Kn oUsella 2am CwaS POCLESe anc sen cose nes anew sabe ce ae clues eecaaee
Nileus vigilans (Meek and Worthen)...-......------------------
Illenus crassicauda americanus (Billings)
Isotelus gigas De Kay
Dalmanites (Pterygometopus) goodrigi, new species...----.-----
Ceraurus pleurexanthemus Green ....... Seesmic Sdoagsenoddooda
Total
Horizons.
I
elie
“E | Ba |
4 |
~) og
a 5 |
S| ae
Oo |e
conGad x
ddcona x
Sgenee x
Dm Vi Poegeiecs
revatarstss|| x
x x
x x
Saasde x
SAeeSE x
x xa
cacouc |
ay K
eeceee Xx
ecHaos x
eaten x
Bab aS x
x Xx
x x
Stein terete x
Seenicie x
> XS
xX | x
KEAN eV reve, See
ane sts x
Sete x
xX x
ursfalete x
Soaeas x
x x
wee eee ea sa
x x
|
wee eee |(atetate tates
bye aaers x
tere: |
ys Naodooe
. |
eed eesecs
Ne eee |aeeces
x x
bSegce x
| vy
eosecce | x
x
17 38
Regions.
. _ 7 -
oj ‘
SU Siu ish
3 Sof \)o8
sS 2S Ib 5
A | of | RE
| Sia cs
° =| | &
Bh ests a)
Sle 7
Mi Ne olata Xx Santee
SeBoso PS SSE See
esana6 x BABA
XY laseddolliséoase
ei ee ae
Ma \lpssocollsecnad
een xix
x x xX
x Dry Meee
p8beds x x
Speen Ge Gg eee
Seeger Pe Bee
x x x
acetal x x
sesehS x x
fos anes x DS
EEE a eke ie
SaaoaG DGien Norsemen
50806 Gelso ae
x x x
od0n06 x sarees
ee ae KSAleeeees
Sonece PONE SAa eee
assis x xX
x XG ibrew
Sa ehh (eases
eeterere x Sees
aettetere x SHOSeC
2 x x
oo00K0 x aererey=
so0000 x aeeejere
Binds Nc alee
candao x x
x all ia
wey are Pal oeamecs
x x x
panscaiedace: e=eg53
age ea ayy
152 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
Age of Silliman’s Fossil Mount.—From Mr. Porter’s description, it
will be seen that the fossils recently collected at Silliman’s Fossil
Mount are from various horizons, and yet there is nothing to indicate
the presence of more than one fauna. The foregoing list shows that at
present there are 72 species known from this locality, and of these 28
are restricted to it. There are, therefore, 54 species which are common
to other localities, a goodly number with which to make safe correla-
tions. Of these 54 species, 41, or 57 per cent of the known fauna, are
also found in the region of Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Iowa, while 17 —
are known to occur in New York and Ottawa.
On comparing the 54 widely distributed species with those from
definite stages in Minnesota, it is seen that 10 are also found in Birds-
eye (= Lowville), 17 in the Black River, 38, or about 70 per cent, in the
Galena, the direct equivalent of the New York Trenton, and 11 in the
Cincinnatian group.
From these figures it is evident that the stage of Silliman’s Fossil
Mount belongs in the Galena, and that the fauna is more intimately
related to that of the Minnesota region than to the Trenton of New
York. When the New York Trenton fauna is restudied in the light of
recent researches in Minnesota,' however, it will be shown that the
two faunas have more in common than now appears. On the other
hand, the lithological similarities of the Minnesota Galena and Silli-
man’s Fossil Mount—light-colored shales predominating in both areas—
may explain in large measure the close identity of these widely sepa-
rated faunas.
This little fauna likewise brings out the fact that the corals, brachi-
opods, gastropods, and the trilobites are slow in their evolutional
change, and the species can therefore spread over very great areas,
while the cephalopods, and particularly the pelecypods, are more sen-
sitive to change, and are thus restricted to localities.
DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES.
Uncertain Class.
Family RECEPTACULITID Roemer.
RECEPTACULITES OWENI Hall.
Receptaculites owent HALL, Geol. Rept. Wis., 1862, p. 46, fig. 2; p. 429. —WINCHELL
and SCHUCHERT, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 1, 1893, p. 57, pl. F, figs. 1-4.
In the present collection, this species is represented by a large disk-
Shaped specimen which measures 6 inches from the central apex to the
See the two magnificent volumes on the paleontology of the Lower Silurian fos-
sils of Minnesota, entitled Geology of Minnesota, III, Pts. 1, 2, published by the
Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota, N. H. Winchell, State
Geologist.
.
ao,
No. 1192, TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. 153
circumference, making the species originally not less than 12 inches
over all. This is about the usual size for the larger specimens of R.
oweni in Minnesota, although examples have been seen 20 inches in
diameter.
Etheridge has described FR. arcticus from Cape Frazer and Cape Louis
Napoleon in Grinnell Land. This is also a large disk-shaped species,
similar in growth to R. owent, but the walls are usually twice as thick,
and the transverse tubes are much larger and fewer in a given space
than in the species last named.
Collectors.—J. N. Carpender, A. H. White, and A. V. Shaw. Cat.
No. 28143, U.S.N.M.
ISCHADITES IOWAENSIS (Owen).
Selenoides iowensis OWEN, Geol. Surv. Wis., Iowa, Minn., 1852, p. 587, pl. 2B, fig. 13.
Ischadites iowensis WINCHELL and SCHUCHERT, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 1, 1893, p. 64,
pl. F, figs. 5, 6.
A well-preserved fragment of this species is identical with specimens
from Goodhue County, Minnesota.
- Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28144, U.S.N.M.
Class CCH LHNTHRATA.
Order ALCYONARIA Edwards and Haime.
Family HALYSITID.
HALYSITES CATENULATUS, var. GRACILIS Hall.
- Halysites catenularia var. gracilis LAMBE, Geol. Surv. Canada, Cont. to Canadian
Pal., *V, 1899, p. 69, pl. 11, figs. 5-7.
Of this widely distributed species, which begins in the Trenton and
dies out in the Lower Helderberg, there are several excellent specimens
present. These Arctic Trenton specimens are in harmony with the
variety gracilis, which is restricted to the Trenton and Lorraine stages.
Collectors.—J. N. Carpender, A. H. White, and A. V. Shaw. Cat.
No. 28138, U.S.N.M.
Family HELIOPORIDA‘ Moseley.
LYELLIA AFFINIS (Billings).
For synonymy see Lambe, Geol. Surv. Canada, Cont. to Canadian Pal., IV, 1899,
p. 84.
This species, of which there are in the present collection three well-
preserved examples, Mr. Lambe says occurs in the ‘“‘ Hudson River and
Niagara formations, in the four divisions of the Anticosti group, and
in the Lower Helderberg group.” To this range is now added the
Trenton stage.
Collectors.—J.N.Carpender and A.V. Shaw. Cat. No.28139, U.S.N.M.
154 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL.
a
PLASMOPORA LAMBII, new species.
This species begins growth on some small foreign object, and expands
to a diameter exceeding 12 em. by 7 em. in height. Beyond the place
of attachment the lower surface is irregularly concave and covered by
a thin epitheca. The upper surface is in form depressed hemispheric
to conical. Corallites from 1 to 1.75 mm. in diameter, commonly about
1.25 mm., circular, and separated from one another from 0.5 to 1.25 mm.
Septa not prominent, and where the original surface is well preserved
not easily distinguishable from the radial striations, or granular sur-
face, of the tubular area. Corallites with very closely adjoining tabulz,
which are generally decidedly vesicular, but in places they are flat. In
longitudinal sections there are from two to five tubules between neigh-
boring corallites; the tabulz are convex, generally giving the inter-cor-
allite space a decided vesicular structure.
The general vesicular condition of the tabule in both the tubules and
corallites distinguishes P. lambii. This feature was pointed out by Mr.
Lawrence M. Lambe of the Canadian Geological Survey, and the writer
takes pleasure in connecting his name with this new species in appre-
ciation of his excellent work on the corals of Canada.
Collectors.—J. N. Carpender, A. H. White, and A. V. Shaw. Cat.
No. 28140, U.S.N.M.
CALAPCCIA CANADENSIS Billings.
For synonymy see Lambe, Geol. Surv. Canada, Cont. to Canadian Pal., IV, 1859,
p. 43.
Of this species, there is a small, depressed, hemispheric specimen in
which the corallites are in contact, and therefore there is little inter-
zooecial vesicular tissue. The hexagonal, nearly uniform corallites are
from 3 to4 mm. in width, and each has from 18 to 20 septa.
The above identification is confirmed by Mr. Lawrence M. Lambe.
Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28142, U.S.N.M.
Order MADREPORARIA Edwards and Haime
Suborder TETRACORALLA Haeckel.
Family STREPTELASMID A‘ Nicholson.
STREPTELASMA CORNICULUM Hall.
Streptelasma corniculum HALu, Pal. N. Y., I, 1847, p. 69, pl. xxv, figs. la—le.—WInN-
CHELL and SCHUCHERT, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 1, 18935, p. 90, pl. G, figs. 20, 21.
This characteristic Trenton cup coral is common 1n the strata of Silli-
man’s Fossil Mount, and agrees well with specimens from the Galena
horizon of Minnesota.
Collectors.—J. N. Carpender, A. V. Shaw, and A. H. White. Cat.
No. 28141, U.S.N.M. The American Museum of Natural History has a
number of specimens collected by Mr. kh. W. Porter.
ae nase
GNCSINOs DI SyANG
No. 1192. TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. 155
}
| Family CRYPTOCRINID Zittel.
POROCRINUS SHAW/I, new species.
(Plate XII, figs. 1-3.)
This species is most nearly related to P. smitht Grant,! as far as the
shape of the dorsal cup, elevation of the costa, and form of the plates
are concerned. It differs, however, from all American species in that
the circular pore-rhomb spaces are larger. This is particularly true of
the lowest series, which occupy nearly the entire basal plates besides
portions of two adjoining subradials. The rhombs are also very large
in the interradial areas on each side of the arm bases.
The ambulacral grooves are narrow and short, and within the shallow
vestibule terminate abruptly below into the body cavity. The margin
bordering the large, central, circular opening is somewhat notched at
each ambulacral groove, giving the impression that there may have
been communication between the oral opening and each ambulacral
groove. The smaller ventral plates are not preserved in this specimen,
which is the only one known.
Named for Mr. A. V. Shaw, of Boston, Massachusetts, who was one
of the Frobisher Bay party of 1897. -
Collector.—A. H. White. Cat. No. 28145, U.S.N.M.
Family LICHENOCRINID A,
LICHENOCRINUS AFFINIS Miller.
Lichenocrinus affinis MILLER, Journ. Cinn. Soc. Nat. Hist., V, 1882, p. 229, pl. rx,
figs. 7, Ta.
But a single specimen of this species has been noted, and this was
attached to an Orthoceras. It has the general aspects of L. affinis in
the pentagonal column, form of body, slight convexity, number of plates,
and the general irregularity of these, both in form and arrangement.
The genus Lichenocrinus has not been previously recorded from rocks
below the Utica. In the Cincinnatian group specimens are often abun-
dant where L. affinis occurs in the upper third or Richmond stage.
Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28146, U.S.N.M.
1 Ottawa Field Nat. Club, Trans. No. 2, 1881, p. 42, plate, figs. 1-8.
156 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
BRYOZOA.
Family CERAMOPORIID) Ulrich.
CREPIPORA, species undetermined.
Specimens of this species were sent to Mr. EH. O. Ulrich, who identified
them as belonging to Crepipora. The minute structure, meat is
poorly preserved, and no thin sections were made.
Collectors.—A. H. White, J. N. Carpender, and A. V. shame Cat.
“No. 28147, U.S.N.M.
Class BRACHIOPODA.
Order PROTREMATA Beecher.
Family ORTHIDAL Woodward.
ORTHIS TRICENARIA Conrad.
Orthis tricenaria CONRAD, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1848, p. 333.—WINCHELL
and ScHUCHERT, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 1, 1893, p. 418, pl. xxxur, fig. 18-23.
This well-known and characteristic Trenton species is represented by
two specimens, which are small for this form, but otherwise closely re-
semble those from the Galena shale of Minnesota. On Akpatok Island
the species attained the largest growth known, being more than three
times as large as those found in Baffin Land.
Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28149, U.S.N.M. One speci-
men was also found by Mr. R. W. Porter and is now in the American
Museum of Natural History.
ORTHIS (DALMANELLA) TESTUDINARIA (Dalman).
Orthis (Dalmanella) testudinaria WINCHELL and SCHUCHERT, Geol. Minn., III,
Pt. 2, 1893, p. 441, pl. xxxiu, figs. 17-22.
This ubiquitous Lower Silurian species is very abundant at Silliman’s
Fossil Mount, and at this locality is quite constant in its characters.
_ The specimens belong to the variety with fine striz, in which the dorsal
valve is often slightly convex, recalling the subgenus Rhipidomella
rather than Dalmanella. However, other examples have the typical
flat dorsal valve, with a well-defined median sinus.
Collectors.—J. N. Carpender, A. H. White, and A. V. Shaw. Cat.
No. 28148, U.S.N.M. The American Museum of Natural History also
has a number of specimens collected by Mr. R. W. Porter.
ORTHIS (PLECTORTHIS) PLICATELLA Hall.
Orthis (Plectorthis) plicatella WINCHELL and SCHUCHERT, Geol. Minn., III,
Pt. 1, 1893, p. 436, pl. xx x11, figs. 5-7.
As arule, this species is not abundant in the Trenton either in New
York orin Minnesota, but at Silliman’s Fossil Mount itis a common shell.
No. 1192. TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCH UCHERT. 157
The Arctic examples are large and robust, and agree rather with speci-
mens from Watertown, New York, than with those from Minnesota,
which are somewhat smaller. The species is often confounded with
Orthis (Hebertella) borealis, but can be easily distinguished by the
almost entire absence of fold and sinus. When these are present, how-
ever, they are found to occupy a position the reverse of that seen in the
latter species.
Collectors.—J. N. Carpender, A. V. Shaw, and A. H. White. Cat.
No. 28150, U.S.N.M. A number of specimens collected by Mr. R. W.
Porter are in the American Museum of Natural History.
ORTHIS (HEBERTELLA) BOREALIS (Billings).
Orthis (Hebertella) borealis WINCHELL and SCHUCHERT, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 1,
1893, p. 433, figs. 33a-33¢. :
This well-developed species is represented by six typical specimens.
They much resemble O. (P.) plicatella externally except in the position
of the fold and sinus, which is the reverse of that seen in Hall’s
species.
Collector.—J. N. Carpender. In the American Museum of Natural
History there are three specimens collected by R. W. Porter. Cat.
No. 28151, U.S.N.M.
ORTHIS (HEBERTELLA?) BELLIRUGOSA (Conrad).
Orthis (Hebertella?) bellarugosa WINCHELL and SCHUCHERT, Geol. Minn., Ii,
Pt. 1, 1895, p. 454, pl. xxx111, figs. 1-4.
This species is never abundant in the Trenton, and the same is true
in Baffin Land. Mr. Russell W. Porter found a single specimen, which
is now in the American Museum of Natural History. This form also
occurs on Akpatok Island, Ungava Bay, Labrador.
ORTHIS (DINORTHIS) MEEDSI Winchell and Schuchert, var. ARCTICA,
. new variety.
(Plate XII, figs. 7, 8.)
Orthis (Dinorthis) meedsi WINCHELL and SCHUCHERT, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 1,
1893, p. 427, pl. xx11, figs. 39-45.
This species, which is common in the Galena or Trenton stage of
Minnesota, is also abundant at the Frobisher Bay locality. As in Min-
nesota, it is here also a very variable species. However, among the
Arctic specimens this variation tends toward the equalization and
increase of the number of plications, while in Minnesota, bundling of
the plications accompanied by the development of a conspicuous dorsal
sinus, is the chief trend of variation. The specimens having the last-
named characters were given the varietal name germana. On the same .
ground it may be advisable to name the Arctic variation—those with
the more numerous and equal plications, and an obsolete or nearly obso-
lete dorsal-sinus variety—arctica.
158 PROCEEDINGS OF THK NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
O. (D.) meedsi of Silliman’s Fossil Mount also recalls O. (D.) proavita
and O. (D.) subquadrata, showing that the three probably belong to
one stock.
Collectors.—J. N. Carpender and A. H. White. Cat. Nos. 28152,3,
U.S.N.M. A number of specimens are in the American ‘Museum of
Natural History, which were collected by Mr. R. W. Porter.
PLATYSTROPHIA BIFORATA (Schlotheim ).
Platystrophia biforata WINCHELL and SCHUCHERT, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 1, 1893,
p. 455, pl. xxx, figs. 51-54.
This ubiquitous Silurian species appears to be rare at the Frobisher
Bay locality, since but three specimens are present. These are small,
a condition in harmony with their Trenton age, and have short hinge
lines devoid of hinge extensions. The latter feature is best developed
in the upper or Richmond stage of the Cincinnatian group.
Collectors.—J. N. Carpender and A. H. White. Cat. No. 28154,
U.S.N.M. A single specimen is in the collection of the American
Museum of Natural History.
Family PORAMBONITID2 Davidson.
PARASTROPHIA HEMIPLICATA Hall.
Parastrophia hemiplicata SCHUCHERT, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 87, 1897, p.300.
These small early pentameroids are under size in the Arctic locality,
but otherwise are more in harmony with examples from New York than
with those from Minnesota.
Collector.—A. H. White. Cat. No. 28156, U.S.N.M.
Order TELOTREMATA Beecher.
Family RHYNCHONELLID A Gray.
RHYNCHOTREMA MINNESOTENSIS (Sardeson).
Rhynchotrema inequivalvis WINCHELL and SCHUCHERT (part), Geol. Minn., III,
Pt. 1, 1893, p. 459, pl. Xxx1v, figs. 9-11, 15-23 (not figs. 12-14, 24, 25).
Rhynchonella minnesotensis SARDESON, Bull. Minn. Acad. Nat. Sci., III, 1892, p. 333,
pl. rv, figs. 21-23; Amer. Geol., XVIII, 1896, p. 184.
The common Rhynchonella from the Birdseye or Lowville and Black
River stages, which is usually identified as RK. increbescens Hall, is
always devoid of the concentric lamell so characteristic of A. incre-
bescens= R. inequiralvis of the Trenton stage. Occasional specimens
occur with a few of the lamelle near the anterior margin, but gen-
erally the shell is devoid of these, their places being occupied by very
fine, wavy, concentric lines. In higher beds, these fine lines develop
into stronger and more extended lamelle, which find their greatest
development in Rhynchotrema perlamellosum of the upper or Richmond
stage of the Cincinnatian group.
No. 1192. TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. 159
The form of R.minnesotensis is quite variable and can not be of much
aid in distinguishing this shell from A. inequivalvis. The two are often
found associated in the same beds, and it is then difficult to identify
them correctly. This fact led Winchell and Schuchert, in 1893, to regard
both as belonging to one species, Rk. inequivalvis.
Locality and formation.—In the Lowville and particularly in the
Black River stages of the Trenton in Minnesota and Wisconsin, Lex-
ington, Kentucky, and in the Cincinnatian group at Savannah, Illinois.
This species and R. inwquivalvis subtrigonalis are unknown at Silli-
man’s Fossil Mount.
RHYNCHOTREMA INAQUIVALYVIS (Castelnau).
Spirifer inequivalvis CASTELNAU, Essai Systeme Sil. VAmérique Septentrionale,
1843, p. 40, pl. xiv, fig. 8.
Atrypa increbescens HALL, Pal. N. Y., I, 1847, p. 146, pl. xxxum1, figs. 13a-13h
(probably not p. 289, pl. LXXxIx, fig. 6).
Rhynchotrema inequivalvis WINCHELL and SCHUCHERT (part), Geol. Minn., III,
Pt. 1, 1893, p. 459, pl. xxxrv, figs. 12-14, 24, 25 (not figs. 9-11, 15-23—R.
minnesotensis ). :
This species was first described by Castelnau, who obtained his spec-
imens from the “magnesian limestone” of Drummonds Island. His
figures show the characteristic concentric lamellx which are almost
always present on these shells coming from the Trenton, and this
feature distinguishes them from those found in the Lowville and
Black River stages. Hall subsequently described this shell as Atrypa
increbescens, but it is now generally known as Rhynchonella increbescens.
The species is a characteristic form of the Trenton, while in the Cin-
cinnatian group its descendant FR. capax attains large size, often great
rotundity, with marked concentric lamelle. The lamellar develop-
ment finds its extreme in R. perlamellosum.
RK. inequivalvis is abundant at Silliman’s Fossil Mount, the concen-
tric lamellz being also strongly developed in the specimens found.
Collectors.—J. N. Carpender, A. H. White, and A. V. Shaw. Cat.
No. 28155, U.S.N.M. <A number of specimens collected by Mr. R. W.
Porter are in the American Museum of Natural History.
RHYNCHOTREMA INAZQUIVALVIS SUBTRIGONALIS (Hall).
Atrypa subtrigonalis HALL, Pal. N. Y., I, 1847, p. 145, pl. xxx, fig. 12.
This shell is only an elongate variety of Rk. inwquivalvis and appears
to be a rare form in the,Trenton of New York, yet at Curdsvilie, Ken-
tucky, it is abundant. As in &. inwquivalvis, the lamelle are well
developed,
160 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
-—
Class PHLHCY PODA.
Family NUCULIDA Gray.
CTENODONTA SUBNASUTA Ulrich ?
(Plate XIII, figs. 4-6.)
Ctenodonta subnasuta ULRICH, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1894, p. 585, pl. xi, figs.
34-36.
There are two examples of this species, and these appear to agree
best with Minnesota specimens of C. suwbnasuta. They were sent to
Mr. E. O. Ulrich for direct comparison with his types. He writes:
You can not be far wrong if you identify these specimens with C. subnasuta. Still, —
there is some doubt as to their identity. The Arctic specimens are larger than the
types, and relatively a little more elongate, while the basal outline is scarcely as
convex, and the umbones not so full and evenly rounded. Finally, the smaller end,
which I am now somewhat inclined to regard as the anterior, is relatively wider in
your shells. I may add that the larger specimen indicates a thinner hinge plate
than in the types, so that, after all, these specimens may belong to a distinct species.
Typical C. subnasuta occur in the Trenton of Manitoba.
Collectors.—J. N. Carpender and A. H. White. Cat. No. 28163,
U.S.N.M.
CTENODONTA CARPENDERI, new species.
(Plate XIII, figs. 1-3.)
This is the most abundant pelecypod from Silliman’s Fossil Mount
and appears to be closely related to C. cuneiformis Ulrich.' It dif-
fers, however, in various details, particularly in always being consid-
erably larger. C. carpenderi has also the general aspect of small
specimens of O. nasuta, but differs in the straight hinge line, especially
that of the posterior end, which terminates abruptly into the regularly
convex outline of this portion of the shell.
Mr. E. O. Ulrich, to whom several examples were sent, wrote as
follows:
These specimens are closely related to OC. cuneiformis Ulrich. The types of that
species are much smaller, with the narrower end relatively shorter and the constric-
tion more distinct. Good specific differences are found in the postcardinal region
(i. e., assuming that the wider end is posterior). Here the Arctic species is more
impressed, causing the umbonal ridge to be much more prominent, the postcardinal
slopes wider and concave instead of flat. Just behind the beaks there is a triangu-
lar shaped area (ligamental probably) which is wanting in C. cuneiformis.
Named after Mr. J. N. Carpender, of New Brunswick, New Jersey,
who made the most extensive collection of fossils at the head of Fro-
bisher Bay.
Collectors.—J. N. Carpender, A. H. White, and A. V. Shaw. Cat.
No. 28164, U.S.N.M. Other specimens collected by Mr. R. W. Porter
are now in the American Museum of Natural History. :
1Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1894, p. 597, pl. xu, figs. 31-33.
No. 1192. TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. 161
CTENODONTA BAFFINENSIS, new species (Ulrich).
(Plate XIII, figs. 7-10.)
There is but a single example of this species present, and this was
provisionally identified as C. scofieldi Ulrich.’ The author of the species
writes that, while it has the general aspect of C. scofieldi, it is neverthe-
less sufficiently distinct to be recognized as new. Mr. Ulrich has made
the following comparisons:
At first sight this is extremely like C. scofieldi, but on closer inspection, and par-
ticularly when compared with the types of that species, certain peculiarities become
so prominent that I wonder that they were not observed at once. The first of these
is a depression, or rather widening furrow, extending vertically from the beaks across
the valves. This is sufficient to cause a straightening, even a slight concavity, in
the ventral outline. The outline of the valves differs further in the postventral
(wider) region being more prominent and more narrowly rounded here. In a car-
dinal view the species agrees best with C. scofieldi, but in a lateral view the outline
corresponds better with C. medialis and C. nitida Ulrich. The contour of the valves,
however, shows it to be a distinct form, the mesial depression possibly indicating
relations to species of the type C. carinata Ulrich. C. scofieldi also has no radiating
lines; the concentric lines are equally as delicate. ;
Collector.—R. W. Porter. The type is in the American Museum of
Natural History.
CTENODONTA FROBISHERENSIS, new species.
(Plate XIII, figs. 11-14.)
Of this little shell there are two well-preserved specimens, which
appear to be distinct from all other Ordovician Ctenodontas. Probably
the species most nearly related is C. albertina Ulrich,’ from which it
differs in having the beaks more centrally situated, the valves shallower,
and in being less drawn out anteriorly. At first this form was thought
to be most closely related to C. oviformis Ulrich,® but the author of
the latter species writes that the Arctic shell ‘“‘has different propor-
tions” and that it represents a new species. C. oviformis is less high,
has narrowly rounded ends, and the beaks are situated nearer the mid-
length. Its rounded-ovate form distinguishes it from the other Fro-
bisher Bay species, all of which are nasute forms.
Collectors.—J. N. Carpender and A. V. Shaw. Cat. No. 28165,
U.S.N.M.
Family MODIOLOPSID4 Ulrich.
MODIOLODON ARCTICUS, new species.
(Plate XIII, figs. 18, 19.)
There is a good cast of the interior of the valves of this shell in the
present collection. The species is very much like M. patulus Ulrich,’
1Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1894, p. 593, pl. x1, figs. 53-58.
2Tbidem, p. 598, pl. xl, figs. 76-82.
5 Tbidem, p. 586, pl. xu, fig. 29.
1Tbidem, p. 521, pl. xxxvul, figs. 20-24.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii——11
162 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
and was at first regarded by the writer as a variety of that form. J.
arcticus is, however, nearer subquadrate than ovate, shorter and more
erect, the post-cardinal portion more alate, and the beaks smaller and
more pointed than in M. patulus Ulrich.
Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28166, U.S.N.M.
WHITEAVESIA SYMMETRICUS, new species (Ulrich).
(Plate XIII, figs. 15-17.)
This little shell was thought by the writer to be probably identical
with Crytodonta affinis var. fillmorensis Ulrich,' and for confirmation of
this opinion sent the specimen to Mr. Ulrich. He, however, refers it to
the genus Whiteavesia of the family Modiolopside. As his notes are
detailed, they are given at length.
Remains of the black ornament-bearing epidermis prove the specimen to belong
to the Modiolopsidx. It is a new species, with an anterior end reminding of Modio-
lopsis arguta, while the rest of the outline and general aspect is more nearly hke M/.
similis. It is also like MW. obsoleta, but it is too high posteriorly. It is, however,
not a true Modiolopsis, the umbones being too prominent and full, the ventral outline
convex, and the anterior muscular scars scarcely distinguishable in the cast. These~
characters make it a Whiteavesia, and it does not seem to be closely related to any of
the described species of that genus. The rather uniform convexity of the valves is
peculiar to this species.
Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28162, U.S.N.M.
Family CYRTODONTID Ulrich.
CYRTODONTA SILLIMANENSIS, new species (Ulrich).
(Plate XIII, figs. 31-33.)
Mr. Ulrich has kindly made the following notes on this species:
Have compared this with every Cyrtodonta known to me without finding one
with which it is identical. Ina general way it reminds of C. affinis, C. parva, and
C. halli,? but am satisfied it is not closely related with any of that group of species.
Its true affinities seem to be with C. subcarinata Billings, but is readily distinguished
by its shorter form and much broader posterior. From C. huronensis Billings,’ which
I regard as another close ally (also C. billingsi Ulrich ”), it differs not only in size but
in its greater convexity and much better defined antero-median suleus. The speci-
men is preserved in part as a cast of the interior, and I am therefore inclined to
doubt that the sulcus is as strongly defined on the exterior of the shell as shown on
the specimen.
Collector.—J.N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28159, U.S.N.M.
CYRTODONTA (?) GIBBERA Ulrich, variety.
(Plate XIII, figs. 34-36.)
Cyrtodonta gibbera UuRicH, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1894, p. 542, pl. xxxIx,
figs. 13-15.
The only example of this species was sent by the writer to Mr. Ulrich,
who made the following comparisons:
‘Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1894, p. 540, pl. xxx1x, fig. 23.
2 Tbidem.
>Canadian Nat. and Geol., III, 1858, p. 432.
i
i;
~ |
di
No. 1192. TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. ‘163
It aliens from my oes specimen, ecm is a cast “OE the exterior, in noone some-
what less gibbous, particularly in the umbones, the beaks also coming closer, i.e.,
they are almost in contact, while they are rather widely separated and less inourtved
in the type.
In the absence of evidence concerning the hinge, the generic position of the shell
is necessarily doubtful. Therefore, although admitting provisionally that it is
closely allied to Cyrtodonta gibbera, I am not at all satisfied that it will not turn out
to be a Vanuxemia near J’. abrupta.
Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28161, U.S.N.M
VANUXEMIA ABRUPTA Ulrich.
Vanuxemia abrupta ULRICH, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1894, p. 560, pl. Xxxvin,
figs. 39-44.
Of this species there are two examples, which Mr. Ulrich has com-
pared with the types. In Minnesota this form is found in the Middle
Galena of Fillmore and Goodhue counties.
Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. Nos. 28157, 8, U.S.N.M.
VANUXEMIA BAFFINENSIS, new species.
(Plate XIII, figs. 26-28.)
This species finds its nearest relatives in V. hayniana Safford and
V. niota (Whitfield'). It dffiers from these species in the greater
obliquity of the shell. The largest specimen figured (figs. 29 and 30)
is a worn example, and is provisionally referred to V. baffinensis as
a variety. When additional material is secured, it may prove to be a
distinct species. (Another specimen just received from Mr. A.V. Shaw
shows that the variety is probably a distinct species. )
Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28160, U.S.N.M.
WHITELLA ARCTICUS, new species.
(Plate XIII, figs. 23-25.)
Ulrich writes that this species of Whitella is nearest his W. rugatina,’
from which it differs in being much more erect. In fact, W. arcticus is
more erect than any other species of the genus. The escutcheon is very
narrow.
Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 33059, U.S.N.M.
Family GRAMMYSIID Hall.
SAFFORDIA MODESTA Ulrich.
=
Saffordia modesta ULRICH, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1894, p. 627, pl. x11, figs. 29-31.
Of this form there are two specimens in the American Museum of Nat-
ural History, collected by Mr. R. W. Porter. Externally they agree
with the Minnesota species.
1See Geol. Minn., IIT, Pt. 2, 1894, p. 560.
2Tbidem, p. 569, pl. xt, fig. 1.
164 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. '
Class GASTROPODA.
Family PROTOWARTHIID & Ulrich.
PROTOWARTHIA PERVOLUTA Ulrich and Scofield.
Protowarthia pervoluta ULRICH and SCOFIELD, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 871,
pl. Lxiu, figs. 21-27.
This species is fairly common at Silliman’s Fossil Mount, and in some
specimens the shell is preserved. Testiferous examples of P. pervoluta
are distinguished from other species of the genus by the columella-like
development of the inner lip. The specimens were sent to Mr. Ulrich,
who has compared them with his types. He writes that the Arctic
examples are somewhat more angular on the back of the volutions than
the type specimens.
Collectors.—J. N. Carpender and A. H. White. Cat. No. 28173,
U.S.N.M.
Family BUCANIID A Ulzich.
TETRANOTA OBSOLETA Ulrich and Scofield.
Tetranota obsoleta ULRICH and SCOFIELD, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 880, pl.
LXV, figs. 19-23.
Of this widely distributed shell there are eight examples in the
present collection. Three were sent’to Mr. Ulrich, who pronounced
them typical examples of his T. obsoleta.
In the United States, this shell ranges from the Lowville stage into
the Utica, and is found in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Kentucky, and at
Cincinnati, Ohio.
Collectors.—J. N. Carpender and A. H. White. Cat. No. 28175,
U.S.N.M. Three specimens collected by Mr. R. W. Porter are in the
American Museum of Natural History.
KOKENIA COSTALIS Ulrich and Scofield.
Kokenia costalis ULRICH and SCOFIELD, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 882, pl.
LXIV, figs. 46-49.
Two specimens of this interesting species, from the Galena shales of
Goodhue County, Minnesota, the type locality for this species, are in
the United States National Museum. The two specimens from F[ro-
bisher Bay agree with the present examples in every way excepting in
the number of revolving lines. Of these there are seven in the Minne-
sota specimens, while ingthe Arctic individuals there are from eleven
to twelve, of which the fourth, sixth, and eighth are the most prominent.
The first, second, fourth, sixth, and eighth revolving lines are continu-
ous into the aperture, the others being interpolated on the last volution.
Extremely fine transverse lines of growth and a few varices indicating
stages of growth are also present.
Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28176, U,S.N.M.
NO. 1192. TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. 165
Family BELLEROPHONTIID 44.
BELLEROPHON SIMILIS Ulrich and Scofield.
Bellerophon similis ULRICH and SCOFIELD, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 919,
pl. LXIv, figs. 31-39.
Of this species there are two examples, one of which is identical
with Ulrich’s figures thirty-two and thirty-three of the work cited. It
is one of the characteristic fossils of the Trenton or Galena stage of
Minnesota.
Collector.—A.H. White. Cat. No. 28174, U.S.N.M.
Family PLEUROTOMARIID 4 @Orbigny.
LOPHOSPIRA SPIRONEMA Ulrich and Scofield.
Lophospira spironema ULRICH and SCOFIELD, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 983,
pl. Lxxui, figs. 44-47.
This is the most abundant gastropod found at Silliman’s Fossil
Mount. The species was at. first thought by the writer to be L. /fill-
morensis Ulrich and Scofield, but Mr. Ulrich, to whom three examples
were sent, pronounced it L. spironema. The Arctic examples attained
a far larger size than the Black River specimens of Minnesota.
Collectors.—A. H. White and J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28177,
U.S.N.M. Other specimens collected by R. W. Porter are in the Ameri-
can Museum of Natural History.
LIOSPIRA AMERICANA (Billings).
Liospira cmericana ULRICH and SCOFIELD, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 996.
This very widely distributed and common species is abundant at
Silliman’s Fossil Mount. The large umbilicus is completely filled with
Shell matter, but above in the earlier whorls it is open.
Collectors.—A. H. White, A. V. Shaw, J. N. Carpender, and R. W.
Porter. Cat. No. 28180, U.S.N.M.
CLATHROSPIRA CONICA Ulrich and Scofield.
Clathrospira conica ULRICH and SCOFIELD, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 1008,
pl. LXx, figs. 1-4.
This is one of the abundant species at Silliman’s Fossil Mount, and in
the United States ranges from the Black River group into the middle
of the Cincinnatian group. The Arctic examples attained a larger
size than elsewhere, but otherwise are considered by Mr. Ulrich to be
in harmony with his species.
Collectors.—J. N. Carpender, A. V. Shaw, and A. H. White. Cat.
No. 28178, U.S.N.M. The American Museum of Natural History also
has specimens collected by Mr. R. W. Porter.
166 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. ;
SEELYA(?) (PLETHOSPIRA?) ULRICHI, new species.
(Plate XII, figs. 9, 10.)
This interesting little shell has many of the characteristics of S.
ventricosa Ulrich,! from the Calciferous (Beekmantown) stage. It is,
however, a much smaller shell, and differs from all known species of
Seelya in having the revolving bands nearly obsolete.
There are four of these shells, which were sent to Mr. Ulrich for iden-
tification. He writes:
The specimens are casts of the interior, and the revolving peripheral furrows
probably have nothing to do with the revolving sculpture of the true Seelya. Simi-
lar furrows occur in good casts of Lophospira bowdeni and other Pleurotomariide.
The band, I believe, was of the flat or concave type, as in Seelya, Plethospira, and
Hormotoma, but, as it was evidently close to the suture and partly covered by same,
it is too low on the whorls to be in strict accordance with these genera.
Oollector.—A. H. White. Cat. No. 28187, U.S.N.M. The American
Museum of Natural History has two specimens collected by Mr. R. W.
Porter. The species is named for Mr. E. O. Ulrich, who has accomplished -
much in bringing about a better understanding of the fossils of the
American Lower Silurian.
Family EUOMPHALID 2.
HELICOTOMA (?) (LIOSPIRA?) LARVATA Salter.
Helicotoma larvata BILLINGS, Canadian Organic Remains, Decade I, 1859, p. 15,
pl. u, figs. 11-14.
Of this species there is a single excellent specimen, which the writer
at first labeled Liospira angulata Ulrich, variety. However, when
Ulrich compared the Arctic example with the type species he con-
cluded it to be Helicotoma larvata Salter. He has kindly made the
following notes on this specimen:
This species resembles Liospira mundula, L. angulata, and other species of that
section of this genus very greatly, and it may be, as I once thought, truly referable to
Liospira. Excepting that the Arctic specimen is small, it is the best preserved yet
seen byme. Still I am unable to settle the difficulty. Whatever light it casts upon
the problem is in favor of retaining the species under Helicotoma.
In Canada this is a Black River species.
Collector.—A. H. White. Cat. No. 28179, U.S.N.M.
Family MACLURIIDA® Woodward.
MACLURINA MANITOBENSIS (Whiteaves).
Maclurina manitobensis ULRICH and SCOFIELD, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p.
1041, pl. LXXxv1, figs. 4,5; pl. Lxxxu, fig. 45.
This species is common at Silliman’s Fossil Mount and attains a
'Geol. Minn. III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 1009, figs. 7, b, c, d, in text.
NO. 1192. - TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. 167
Manitoba, it attains a diameter of 83 inches. It is a characteristic
species of the Trenton.
Collectors.—J. N. Carpender, A. V. Shaw, and A. H. White. Cat.
No. 28183, U.S.N.M.
MACLURINA CUNEATA (Whitfield) .
Maclurira cuneata ULRIcH and SCOFIELD, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 1042,
pl. LxxvI, figs. 1-3; pl. Lxxxu, fig. 46.
Of this species there are two typical specimens with the character-
istic, small umbilical perforation.
Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28184, U.S.N.M.
MACLUREA CRASSA Ulrich and Scofield.
Maclurea crassa ULRICH and SCOFIELD, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 1040,
pl. Lxxv, figs. 12-14.
One example of this species measures nearly 3 inches in diameter,
which is larger than the Minnesota specimens, but this is in keeping
with the greater size attained by the Maclureas and Maclurinas in the
far north.
Collectors._J. N. Carpender and A. V. Shaw. Cat. No. 28182,
U.S.N.M.
Family TROCHONEMATIDZ® Ulrich.
TROCHONEMA UMBILICATUM (Hall).
Trochonema umbilicatum ULRICH and SCOFIELD, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897,
p. 1047, pl. Lxxvu, figs. 1-3.
Of this widely distributed Lower Silurian shell, six specimens are
present. They preserve most of the shell, and show considerable sur-
face detail.
Collectors.—J. N. Carpender, A. V. Shaw, and A. H. White. Cat. No.
28186, U.S.N.M. Other specimens collected by Mr. Rk. W. Porter are
in the American Museum of Natural History.
TROCHONEMA (EUNEMA) ROBBINSI Ulrich and Scofield.
Trochonema (Eunema) robbinsi ULRICH and ScoriELD, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2,
1897, p. 1053, pl. LXxv1, figs. 11-15.
Three examples of this species are present, only one of which is well
preserved. These were sent to Mr. Ulrich for comparison with T. rob-
binst and T. saltert. He writes as follows:
These specimens possibly indicate a form intermediate between 7. (H.) similis and
T. (E.) robbinsi Ulrich and Scofield. The upper whorls of the best specimen agree
rather closely with the former, while the last whorl, with its relatively narrow
peripheral band, is more in accordance with the latter species. It is to be borne in
mind, however, that it is only the shell-less portion of the specimen that agree
with T. (£,) similis, the opposite side of the same whorls showing no trace of the
ridge near the suture, which is strongly developed and is characteristic of 7. similis.
168 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX.
Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28185, U.S.N.M. The best
Specimen was found by Mr. R. W. Porter, and is now in the American
Museum of Natural History.
HOLOPEA ARCTICA, new species.
(Plate XII, figs. 14-16.)
This little Holopea has its nearest relation in H. ampla and H. simi-
lis Ulrich and Scofield.’ It differs from the latter in having the
upper sides of the whorls less flat, the sutures deeper, and the lines of
growth more regular than in any other species of Holopea. From
H. ampla, the Arctic species differs in having the whorls expand less
rapidly.
Collector.—-A. H. White. Cat. No. 28190, U.S.N.M.
? Family TROCHID 4.
TROCHUS (?), species undetermined.
(Plate XII, figs. 11-13.)
Of this form there is only one good specimen, and this has none of
the ornamental surface preserved. The specimen was sent to Mr.
Ulrich, and he kindly made the following notes:
I regard it as related to some of the Gotland shells referred to Trochus by Lind-
strém, but as the specimen retains no trace of the sculpture-bearing layer of the shell
it can not be compared satisfactorily with described species. Lindstrém’s 7. den-
sistriatus, T. kolmodini, and T. wisbyensis seem not far removed.
The specimen is in the American Museum of Natural History.
Family SUBULITID A.
FUSISPIRA INFLATA Meek and Worthen.
Fusispira inflata ULRICH and SCOFIELD, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 1075,
pl. Lxxx, figs. 17, 18.
The only example of this species is an imperfect shell with most of
the smaller part of the spire missing. So far as comparison can be
made, the species is in harmony with F. inflata. Mr. Ulrich agrees that
the specimen belongs to this species.
Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28189, U.S.N.M.
FUSISPIRA NOBILIS Ulrich and Scofield.
Fusispira nobilis ULRICH and SCOFIELD, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 1078,
pl. Lxxx, figs. 2-4.
The two Arctic specimens of this form are imperfect, and the largest
fragment indicates that the species here attained as large a growth as
in Minnesota, being about 4 inches in length. Mr. Ulrich has seen
the faemicnrs and agrees that hey, OOS his SUeBIes:
1Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, pp. 1065, 1066.
No. 1192. TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. 169
Class CHPHALOPODA.
Order TETRABRANCHIATA.
Family ENDOCERATID@.
CAMEROCERAS PROTEIFORME (Hall).
Cameroceras proteiforme CLARKE, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 777, pls.
XLVIII-ULI, LIII.
Of this common species there is one small but well-preserved frag-
ment showing the submarginal siphon. In a length of 2 inches, there
are seven chambers and eight septa.
Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28191, U.S.N.M.
Family ORTHOCERATID 4.
ORTHOCERAS OLORUS Hall, var. BAFFINENSIS, new variety.
(Plate XII, figs. 19-22.)
Orthoceras vertebrale HaLu, Pal. N. Y., I, 1847, p. 201, pl. xxi, figs. 5-5e (not
Schlotheim, 1820).
Orthoceras olorus HALL, Miller’s Amer. Pal. Foss., Ist ed., 1877, p. 245.
The Arctic examples of this form, of which there are three, do not
appear to attain the large size of the New York specimens. Hall
describes the species with ‘“‘strong longitudinal striz,” while the Arctic
Specimens have very fine equidistant lines, between each of which are
from 3 to 6 exceedingly delicate ones. This difference in the ornamen-
tation, together with the smaller size, is regarded of sufficient impor-
tance for varietal distinction. There isno other American Lower Silurian
annulated species with which it can be compared.
Collectors.—J. N. Carpender and A. H. White. Cat. No. 28192,
U.S.N.M.
ORTHOCERAS BILINEATUM Hall.
Orthoceras bilineatum CLARKE, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 786, pl. xLvit,
figs. 20, 21; pl. LIV, figs. 6, 7.
Of this species there is one small specimen annulated throughout.
The characteristic, regularly alternating, larger and smaller lines of
ornamentation are preserved.
Collector.—A. H. White. Cat. No. 28193, U.S.N.M.
ORTHOCERAS PORTERI, new species.
(Plate XII, figs. 23-25.)
This annulated species of Orthoceras appears to be related to O. bilin-
eatum. The apical angle in both is about the same, but in O. porteri
the annulations and septa are farther apart, the siphuncle is more
eccentric, and the ornamentation is entirely different. The longitudinal
lines are double throughout, and consist of prominent primary ones,
170 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
between which there are always three equally strong secondary lines.
Transverse, or growth, lines are fine and numerous, and in crossing the
longitudinal lines they cause these to be slightly nodose.
Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28194, U.S.N.M.
This name is given aS a mark of appreciation to Mr. Russell W.
Porter, of Boston, Massachusetts, who, with his associates, made it pos-
sible to revisit Frobisher Bay and to make a most complete collection
of Arctic Trenton fossils.'
ORTHOCERAS SCALARIFORMIS, new species.
(Plate XII, figs. 17, 18.)
Shellsmall, notannulated, tapering slowly, withan apical angleofabout
7°, section originally circular, septa 9 in the length of 1 inch; siphuncle
large, and apparently in contact with the outer wall. Surface with
13 widely separated prominent longitudinal costz, which are crossed
somewhat irregularly by concentric lamelle, anteriorly directed, and 1
to each septum. Here and there two or three intermediate vertical
lines occur between the longitudinal costa.
Collector.cJ. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28195, U.S.N.M.
Family CYRTOCERATIDA.
CYRTOCERAS MANITOBENSE Whiteaves.
Cyrtoceras manitobense WHITEAVES, Trans. Royal Soc. of Canada, Sec. 4, VII,
1889, p. 80, pl. xu, figs. 3, 4; pl. xv, fig. 4; Geol. Surv., Canada, Pal.
Foss., III, 1897, p. 223.
Oncoceras manitobense CLARKE, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 799.
This species is the most abundant of the Cephalopoda at Silliman’s
Fossil Mount. The writer sent the specimens to Profe~sor Whiteaves,
who compared them with the types, and subsequently reported that they
are ‘“‘apparently exactly the same species as C. manitobense Whiteaves
from Lake Winnepeg, Manitoba. We have very similar specimens from
Akpatok Island, Hudson Strait.” The Baffin Land specimens are
smaller than those from Manitoba.
Collectors.—J. N. Carpender, A. V. Shaw, and A. H. White. Cat. No.
28119, U.S.N.M.
CYRTOCERAS CORNULUM, new species.
(Plate XIV, figs. 8-10.)
This little shell is clearly related to the previous species, having many
of its characters. It differs, however, in its smaller growth, greater
cenrvature, and most decidedly in the very rapid increase of the cone.
The greater curvature is due to the rapid increase in depth of the air
chamber toward the ventral side, where near the living chamber it is
1A description of this trip is given by Mr. Porter in Bull. Amer. Geog. Soc., XXX,
May, 1898, pp. 97-110, the paper being entitled ‘‘ Frobisher Bay Revisited.”
+
Se ee
NO. 1192. TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. IO
often three times the depth on the dorsal side. The siphuncle is very
small, almost in contact with the ventral wall, and swells but little
between the septa.
Professor Whiteaves, who saw the type, states that among the frag-
ments of Cyrtoceras from Manitoba “are some apparently like (@. cor-
nulum in section, curvature, and much in the position of siphuncle.”
Collectors.—A. V. Shaw and A. H. White. Cat. No. 28121, U.S.N.M.
CYRTOCERAS BAFFINENSIS, new species.
(Plate XIV, figs. 11-13.)
This small species of Cyrtoceras has the general aspect of C. manito-
bense, and for a time was regarded as the young of that species, yet a
comparison shows that C. baffinensis has a somewhat smaller apical
angle. The diagnostic feature, however, is in the depth of the air
chambers. These are much more shallow and do not increase in depth
with growth nearly as rapidly as in C. manitobense, there being twenty-
two of these in 25 mm., while in the latter species at a similar stage of
growth there are about sixteen.
Collector.—A. H. White. Cat. No. 28198, U.S.N.M.
Family ONCOCERATID 4.
CLINOCERAS EXIGUUM (Billings).
Cyrtoceras exiguum BILLINGS, Can. Nat. and Geol., V, 1860, p. 172, figs. 17, 18.
Oncoceras exiguum CLARKE, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 798, pl. Lvim,
figs. 10, 11.
In this collection there are five specimens of this species, three of
which preserve more or less of the body chamber, and permit a recon-
struction of the form of the shell. The body chamber was not less than
15 mm. in length and the entire shell not less than 58 mm. Billings gives
the probable length as about 50 mm., which is very close to the protrae-
tion based on Arctic material. Clarke writes that the Minnesota speci-
mens probably did not exceed 30 mm., but as his specimens are very
small fragments, this estimate is probably short of the actual length.
The first twelve septa back of the living chamber occupy 22 mm., and in
another specimen there are nine in 19 mm. The depth of the air
chambers decreases very little toward the apex, the average being a
little less than 2 mm. down to where the shell has a diameter of 3.5 mm.
Specimens from shale are usually compressed, and this is the condi-
tion of the Arctic material, but the shell was circular in outline, with
a very small central siphuncle.
This species is related to Oncoceras mumieformis Whitfield, which
Clarke referred to Clinoceras. The Arctic material shows the shell to
be gently arcuate and to possess the other generic characters of Clino-
ceras. Billings’s species should be referred to Maschke’s genus. ~*
Collectors.—J. N. Carpender and A. H. White. Cat. No. 28199,
U.S.N.M.
172 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. '
"
ONCOCERAS ARCTICUM, new species.
(Plate XIV, figs. 4-7.)
As shown by the figures, this species differs from all other American
Oncoceras in the great antero-posterior curvature of the ventral side of
the shell. This is caused by the rapidly increasing depth of the air
chambers toward the ventral side, where they are about twice the
depth of the dorsum. Siphuncle small, slightly constricted at each
septum, and closely adjoining the ventral wall except immediately
beneath the living chamber, where it is slightly deflected dorsally.
Venter more broadly rounded than the dorsum. Living chamber large,
with the sides slightly constricted, not less than 24 mm. deep, 33 mm.
dorso-ventrally, and 24 mm. transversely. The cast is smooth and pre-
serves no markings of the exterior.
Cyrtoceras cornulum was first thought to be the young stage of
Oncoceras arcticum, but its section is more elongate-oval, with the dorsal
side more rounded, the reverse being true in the latter species. The
chambers also are deeper on the ventral side, the ventral curvature is
less strong, and the shell thicker, with longitudinal plications.
Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28196, U.S.N.M.
ONCOCERAS TUMIDUM, new species.
(Plate XIV, figs. 1-3.)
This species is much larger than any other in the Trenton of the
United States, although much smaller than O. magnum, the giant of
the genus, which is found at East Selkirk, in Manitoba. The present
form seems to be most closely related to O. gibbosum Whiteaves!
(=0. whiteavesi Miller), but has not the numuloidal siphuncle of that
species, nor the sigmoid outline of the septa on the dorsum. The
living chamber, also, is shallower, being about 28 mm. deep. The con-
striction of O. tumidum recalls that seen in Poterioceras or Gomphoceras,
but unlike these shells is not bilaterally symmetrical. The specimen
preserves but 6 septa and the living chamber, and throughout all
there is a rapid regular convergence toward the anterior end. Dorsal
end of shell broadly rounded, with the ventral side somewhat acutely
rounded. The 5 air chambers are dorsally 13 mm. deep and ventrally
25 mm. The siphuncle is small and situated about 6 mm. inside the
ventral wall. Septa regularly but deeply concave.
The type specimen was sent to Professor Whiteaves for comparison
with O. whiteavest Miller. He reports that Oncoceras tumidum is “very
much like O. whiteavesi Miller (=O. gibbosum Whiteaves, not Hall)
in lateral contour, but in your specimen the body chamber does not
seem to narrow so abruptly as it always does in O. whiteavesi, and shows
no sign of any constriction at the aperture.”
Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28190, U.S.N.M.
‘Trans. Royal Soc. Canada, Sec. 4, IV, 1889, p. 80, pl. xv, fig. 43.
v
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ie PEP he a § So aReeee R
egw py Wars ee
Stes BAS
No. 1192. TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. is
POTERIOCERAS, species undetermined.
There is a poor specimen of this genus from the Frobisher Bay
locality. It was thought to be a small specimen of P. nobile, and was
therefore sent to Professor Whiteaves'! for comparison. He, however,
writes:
We have nothing exactly like this. It is very similar in shape to P. nobile, except
that the latter is somewhat compressed and yours is not. The difference in size
between your specimen and ours is, of course, enormous. Your shell also is not very
unlike the so-called Gomphoceras eximium Billings, but that species is ovate in trans-
verse section, possibly from lateral pressure. Your specimen is, I should think, most
likely a Poterioceras, but too imperfect to show its specific characters or affinities.
Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28122, U.S.N.M.
Family TARPHYCERATID Hyatt.
EURYSTOMITES PLICATUS Whiteaves ?
Eurystomites plicatus WHITEAVES, Can. Rec. Sci., VI, 1896, p. 395; Geol. Surv.
Canada, Pal. Foss., III, Pt. 3, 1897, p. 225, figs. 15, 16; pl. xxvu, fig. 2.
The only specimen of this species present is not well preserved, but
has parts of one and one-half whorls. Professor Whiteaves, who saw
the specimen, writes that it is ‘“‘probably Hurystomites plicatus White-
aves. At any rate, it has the same outline in transverse section, with
the dorsum impressed by a shallow and rather narrow furrow of contact,
and the same amount of involution.” The specimen, however, shows no
surface markings nor any siphuncle.
Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28123, U.S.N.M.
Class AR'THROPODA.
Subclass CRUSTACEA.
Order OSTRACODA.
Ostracoda are abundant at Silliman’s Fossil Mount, 10 specimens
having been found attached to the larger fossils. These were sent to
Mr. K. O. Ulrich for determination. He has identified them as follows:
Bythocypris grant Ulrich.’
Primitia or Kledenia.
Krausella, two new species.
Order TRILOBIFA.
NILEUS VIGILANS (Meek and Worthen).
Nileus vigilans CLARKE, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1894, p. 712, figs. 17-19.
Of this widely distributed species there is one very fine enrolled but
small specimen and fragments of three other individuals. These agree
exactly with Mr. Clarke’s description and figures.
'Trans. Royal Soc. Canada, Sec. 4, VII, 1889, p. 77, pl. x1v, fig. 1,
? Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1894, p. 689, pl. xiv, figs. 39-42,
174 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
Collectors.—J. N. Carpender, A. V. Shaw. and A. H. White. Cat.
No. 28168, U.S.N.M. The American Museum of Natural History has
two specimens collected by Mr. hk. W. Porter.
ILLAZZENUS CRASSICAUDA AMERICANUS (Billings).
Tllenus americanus CLARKE, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1894, p. 714, figs. 20-23.
One fine enrolled specimen of this well-known species was found by
Mr. F. G. Goodridge, of New York City, and was very kindly given
to the U.S. National Museum. Mr. R. W. Porter also collected two fine
specimens, which are now in the American Museum of Natural History.
These agree excellently with this species, the best examples of which
are from oa Falls, New York.
Vollectors.— I. G. Coniniles, J. N.Carpender, A. V. Shaw, and A. H.
White. Cat. a 28167, U.S.N.M.
ISOTELUS GIGAS De Kay.
Tsotelus gigas CLARKE, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1894, pp. 701-706, with text figures.
Of this species several fragments were found by J. N. Carpender
and A. V. Shaw. :
DALMANITES (PTERYGOMETOPUS) GOODRIDGII, new species.
(Plate XII, figs. 5, 6.)
The cephalon of this species recalls that of D.(P.)eboraceus Clarke
in the characters of the glabella and in the great prominence of the
eyes. However, in D.(P.) goodridgii, the eyes are even more elevated,
the cephalon is smooth and devoid of all granulation, while the most
marked difference is seen in the posterior outline of the head, which is
broadly rounded or subquadrate, with a centrai, short projection. The
occipital ring is also much wider, and is strongly elevated medio-
posteriorly into an obtuse apex. Of thoracic segments, nine are pre-
served in these specimens.
The pygidium is likewise less triangular than in D.(P.)eboraceus, and
while there are ten or eleven annulations on the axis, there are not
more than five pleure. These are well developed anteriorly, becoming
rapidly more and more obsolete.
Named for Mr. F. G. Goodridge, of New York City, one of the col-
_lectors cf fossils on the Peary expedition of 1897. ‘
Collectors.—J. N. Carpender and A. H.White. Cat. No. 28170,U.S.N.M.
CERAURUS PLEUREXANTHEMUS Green.
Ceraurus pleurexanthemus GREEN, Pal. N. Y., I, 1847, p. ae pl. LXV, figs. la-1n;
pl. Lxvi, figs. 1, le-1h.—CLARKE, Geol. sities III, bt. 2, 1894, p. 734.
There are three examples of this species in the collection, none of
which are entire, but all agree well with New York specimens. The
species did not here attain quite the large size of New York specimens,
but one glabella shows a growth about two-thirds of the largest from
the latter locality.
Collector.—A. H. White. Cat. No. 28169, U.S.N.M.
No. 1192. TRENTON FAUNA: OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. 175
SUMMARY.
The only Lower Silurian horizons known in northeastern Arctic
America are of Trenton and Utica age. The latter zone appears only
on the north shore of Frobisher Bay, but the Trenton is found in
various places from the north shore of Hudson Strait to latitude 81°
north. The Lower Silurian is thickest on Akpatok Island, where it is
from 400 to 500 feet in depth. Dr. Bell, however, estimates the entire
thickness of these strata in this region to be not less than 900 feet.
In Baffin Land, and apparently elsewhere in Arctic America, the
Lower Silurian strata rests unconformably on old erystalline rocks.
To the north of Baffin Land, the former are overlain by beds of Niag-
ara or Wenlock age.
The Trenton faunas, occurring in various places around the insular
Archean nucleus of North America, have much in common, and this
indicates that the conditions at that time were very similar, while the
sea was in communication throughout. As yet, however, the distri-
bution of the strata, together with their faunas, are well known only
to the south and southeast of the Archean nucleus, yet that of the
west (Manitoba) and of the northeast (Baffin Land) show direct com-
munication.
The Baffin Land ane had an early introduction of Upper Silurian
genera in the corals Halysites, Lyellia, and Plasmopora. Ii Manitoba
similar conditions occur in the presence of Halysites, Favosites, and
Diphyphyllum. Other Upper Silurian types do not appear to be
present.
The Trenton fauna of Silliman’s Fossil Mount, at the head of Fro-
bisher Bay, has seventy-two species, of which twenty-eight are
restricted to it. This fauna shows an intimate relationship with that
of the Galena of Minnesota, Iowa, and Wisconsin. Tifty-seven per cent
of the species of Baffin Land also occur in the Galena of the regions
just mentioned.
The Trenton fauna of Baffin Land shows that the corals, brachiopods,
gastropods, and trilobites have wide distribution, and are therefore
less sensitive to differing habitats apt to occur in widely separated
regions. On the other hand, the cephalopods, and particularly the
pelecy pods, indicate a shorter geographical range. The almost complete
absence of Bryozoa in the Baffin Land Trenton contrasts strongly with
the great development of these animals in Minnesota and elsewhere in
the United States.
176 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
[From drawings by Mr. E. O. ULRICH.]
PLATE XII.
Porocrinus shawi, p. 155.
. Posterior view of the calyx; enlarged.
. Anterior view; natural size.
. Ventral view; enlarged.
gw doe
Dalmanites (Pterygometopus) goodridgti, p. 174.
4. The pygidium supposed to be of this species.
5,6. Two views of the cephalon.
Orthis (Dinorthis) meedsi arctica, p. 157.
7,8. Dorsal and profile views.
Seelya (?) (Plethospira ?) ulrichi, p. 166.
9,10. Two views showing the nearly obsolete revolving bands.
Trochis ?, species undetermined, p. 168.
11-13. Three views of the only specimen of this genus.
Holopea arctica, p. 168.
14,15. Two views of the best specimen.
16. Surface ornamentation; X5.
Orthoceras scalariformis, p. 170.
17. The ornamentation.
18. Sectional view, with the position of the sipho.
Orthoceras olorus baffinensis, p. 169.
19, 21,22. Views of three specimens.
20. Surface ornamentation; x10,
Orthoceras porteri, p. 169.
23. View of the exterior.
94. Surface ornamentation; X5.
25. Sectional view, with the position of the sipho.
PLATE XIII.
Ctenodonta carpenderi, p. 160.
Fics. 1-3. Three views of the largest specimen.
Ctenodonta subnasuta Ulrich?, p. 160.
4-6. Three views of the best specimen.
lenodonta baffinensis, p. 161.
7-9. Three views of the type specimen.
10. Surface ornamentation; x10.
Ctenodonta frobisherensis, p. 161.
11-13. Three views of the best specimen.
14. Left valve of another specimen.
Whiteavesia symmetricus, p. 162.
15-17, Three views of the type specimen.
VOL. XXII.
NO. 1192. TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. 177
Modiolodon arcticus, p. 161.
_ 18,19. Views of the cast of the interior.
| Allodesma (?) species undetermined.
20-22. Three views of the only specimen. This species is for the present not
described.
Whitella arcticus, p. 163.
23-25. Three views of the type specimen.
Vanuxemia bafinensis, p. 163.
26-28. Three views of the type specimen.
29, 30. Two views of a large specimen which probably is a distinct form.
Cyrtodonta sillimanensis, p. 162.
31-33. Views of the type specimens,
Cyrtodonta (?) gibbera Ulrich, var., p. 162.
34-36. View of the only example.
PLATE XIV.
Oncoceras tumidum, p. 172.
Fig. 1. Ventral side.
2. Side view.
3. Sectional view of the larger end.
- Oncoceras arcticum, p. 172.
. View of the dorsum.
. Side view.
. Sectional view, with the position of the sipho.
. Ventral side.
ID owe
Cyrtoceras cornulum, p. 170.
. Side view, showing the radiating furrows of the inner side of the shell.
. Ventral view.
10. Outline of the shell transversely.
co CO
Cyrtoceras baffinensis, p. 171.
11. Side view.
12. Ventral view.
13. End view with about half the length of the shell drawn in.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 12
PL. Xil
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XxXIl
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
S MOUNT.
y
FOSSILS FROM SILLIMAN
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 176.
|
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXII PL. XIII
PELECYPODS FROM SILLIMAN’S MOUNT.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 176, 177.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXII PL. XIV
CEPHALOPODS FROM SILLIMAN’S MOUNT.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 177.
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SOME NEOCENE CORALS OF THE UNITED STATES.
By HENRY STEWART GANE, Ph. D.,
Fellow in Geology, Johns Hopkins University, 1894-95.
INTRODUCTION.
At the suggestion of Prof. William B. Clark, of the Johns Hopkins
University, the writer was encouraged to undertake the study and sys-
tematic description of the Neocene corals of the United States. Further-
more, the present paper has been constructed both as to method of
treatment and arrangement of subject-matter upon the general plan of
Professor Clark’s bulletin on the Mesozoic Echinodermata of this
country.
No attempt had been made hitherto to treat this subject from the
present standpoint, the few corals previously described being offered to
science either as possessing only zoological interest, or else to complete
a local fauna. :
The first mention of a Neocene coral from this country is found in the
Petrefacta Germaniz of Goldfuss (1829), where Madrepora palmata is
both described and figured. During the thirty years following this
first description there were at irregular intervals a number of scat-
tered contributions to the subject. The more important were those of
T. A. Conrad, W. Lonsdale from the collections made by Sir Charles
Lyell, and Milne-Edwards and Jules Haime. More recently there have
been but two papers worthy of notice, one in 1887 by Prof. P. M.
Dunean on the genus Septastrwa d’Orbigny, from the Miocene of
Maryland, and one in 1888 by Dr. G. J. Hinde as a criticism of Pro-
fessor Duncan’s article. It is of interest to note that the researches of
Dr. Hinde on this American species are almost unprecedented, no sim-
ilar coral having been treated in so exhaustive a manner. In consid-
ering all the referetices we notice the somewhat remarkable fact that
by far the most important writings have appeared both in foreign
journals and from the pens of foreign paleontologists.
The material treated has been loaned to the writer from the col-
lections of the U. S. National Museum, Wagner Free Institute of
PPOCEEDINGS OF U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXII—No. 1193. “te
(
180 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, ~ VOL, XXII.
Science, the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences, the private cabinet of
Mr. Joseph Willcox, of Philadelphia, and the Johns Hopkins University.
The state of preservation of the forms is as a rule excellent, with the
exception of the silicified corals from Florida. These latter are often
very difficult of determination, owing to prefossil wear and the minera-
logical change the specimens have since undergone. Frequently the
poorly preserved calices alone remain, the entire inside of the individ-
ual or the colony being dissolved away and represented by a cavity
with walls of botryoidal character. When the original substance of the
coral, with the exception of the outer surface, is thus replaced, it becomes
impossible, as an aid to identification, to cut sections showing the coral
structure below the calice. The cause and method of silification of
these corals has never been satisfactorily proven. Professor Heilprin,!
in discussing the phenomena in his treatise on the Explorations on
the West Coast of Florida, attributes the change to an infiltration of
silica in a heated condition, but adds that he can not even hazard a
guess, much less explain in what precise manner the peculiar method
of hollowing was brought about. Especially is this true of the colonial
types with botryoidal-shaped cavities. Furthermore, in the genera
possessed of very small calices, as in Porites and Stylophora, their deli-
cate structure is often so destroyed as to render a specific diagnosis
impossible.
The writer has also been at a great disadvantage from the fact that
a number of the species have been described from single specimens,
and until further collecting is done in the field it will be impossible to
give a more detailed specific description of these forms.
The fauna under discussion embraces in its geological distribution,
the Neocene and Oligocene epochs. On the other hand, geographically
the range of these forms is remarkably confined. With the single excep-
tion of a few casts from the Miocene of Griswoldville, Fresno County,
California, we find them limited to the Atlantic seaboard States, from
New Jersey to Florida, inclusive.
In considering this fauna as a unit, its most striking feature is the
great number and variety of the genera represented as compared with
the species, there being twenty-eight of the former to thirty-five of
the latter. This proportion of genera to species is quite unusual, the
number of species in any given fauna more often being far in excess
of the genera. As an instance, we may cite the present fauna of
Bermuda, with its twenty-eight species to only ten genera, or the
results reported by the Challenger, which during its entire cruise
obtained only sixty-nine genera of reef corals to two hundred and
ninety-three species, and many of these presenting considerable varia-
ation. We find, further, in taking account of the Neocene corals, that
the colonial far outnumbers the individual type.
In examining the bathymetric distribution of the species, it is doubt-
1Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci., I, p. 62.
NO. 1193. SOME NEOCENE CORALS—GANE. 181
ful whether any truly deep-sea forms are » represented. The few genera
that might be so classed are also frequently found living in shallow
depths. When we add to the above the fact that they occur in the
deposits side by side with true reef builders, we may consider that the
corals living in the Oligocene and Pliocene periods flourished as shallow-
water forms with preponderating reef-building tendencies.
Both from their kind and the relations which the coral genera and
species of a particular area bear to one another, it is possible to judge
of the similarity or of the variation of the physical conditions prevail-
ing in the region.
Regarding this hypothesis, Prof. P. M. Dunean,! in ine first: article
on the West Indian fossil corals, says:
The range, in strata, of the genera of corals is often so great, and the species of
remote formations are so frequently closely allied; that the Zoantharia form better
guides for estimating the external physical circumstances of the regions in which
they existed than for determining the age of the strata. There are few subjects
better understood than the relation between the presence of certain genera and
species of coral and certain definite, external physical conditions. Depth of sea,
purity of sea water, its intense aeration, force of wave, absence of fresh water, the
climate and nature of the coast line, with all their possible varieties, appear to
determine, according to their mutual reactions, the presence and persistence of spe-
cies and genera. Indeed, very slight variations from the general rule of the external
circumstances in a coral sea would appear to prevent the development of certain
genera. It is a reasonable induction that, if a species be found in strata of any
age and distant in space, the two sets of strata were formed under the same external
physical circumstances.
If this be true, then the conditions prevailing upon the Atlantic
coast during Neocene time were most varied, both from a geological
and a geographical standpoint; for we find that in the fauna under dis-
cussion the genera of the corals are quite varied, and that the indi-
vidual species are very limited, both vertically and horizontally, in their
stratigraphic distribution. In this distribution the Pliocene species
are perhaps more liable to be limited in their geographical range than
in their geological, since a number of the forms are either found as
recent or having closely related living allies, whereas the Miocene
_ Species appear to be about equally confined both from a geographical
and a geological aspect.
A majority of the corals represented belong to extinct species. A
few are now found living in the Caribbean Sea, and some belong to
closely allied fossil forms from Santo Domingo and other West Indian
islands.
We should expect that the Neocene corel of the United States would
have close kinship with those of like age in the West Indies, but such
does not seem to be generally the case. On the other hand, according
to Professor Duncan the fossil Oligocene corals of the West Indies are
closely related to those of the Miocene of Europe ai.d the recent faunas
of the Pacific and Indian oceans. Regarding the affinities of. the Neo-
1Quart. Jour Geol. Soc., XIX, p. 453.
182 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
cene fauna of the United States as a whole, we come to the conclusion
that it has more of a likeness to that at present living in the Caribbean
Sea and Atlantic Ocean than to the fauna, recent or fossil, of any other
region. f
The descriptions of families and genera will not be repeated in the
present work, as they are to be found in the paper of Prof. P. Martin
Dunean on “A Revision of the Families and Genera of the Scleroder-
mic Zoantharia, Hdwards and Haime, or Madreporaria (M. rugosa
excepted),” which also contains the system of classification employed
in the present memoir.
The author wishes to express his thanks, through Mr. William H.
Dall and Mr. Joseph Willcox, to the Wagner Free Institute of Science
tor the loan of many of the specimens herein described; also to Mr. T.
Wayland Vaughan for much kindly assistance and advice. Mr.
Vaughan has looked over the paper after it was written and has
attended to having the figures drawn.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
1826-1833. GoLpruss, A. Petrefacta Germanic.
1834. EHRENBERG, C.G. Beitriige zur physiologischen Kenntniss der Corallenthiere
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physiologischen Systematik derselben. Abhand. Akad, Wiss. Berlin, pp.
225-380.
1834. DE BLAINVLLE, H. M. D. Manuel d’actinologie ou de zoophytologie.
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1837. Rogers, W. B. and H. D. Contributions to the geology of the Tertiary
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Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, I, pp. 28-33.
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1845. LYELL, C. On the Miocene Tertiary strata of Maryland, Virginia, and of
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LONSDALE, W. Account of ten species of Polyparia obtained from the Miocene
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article see] Note; being remarks on Lonsdale’s species. Am. Jour. Sci., 2d
ser., I, pp. 209-221.
Dana, J.D. Remarks on Corals (appendix to an article on Eocene fossils of
United States, by T. A.Conrad). Am. Jour. Sci., 2d ser., 1, pp. 220, 221
Dana, J.D. U.S. Exploring Expedition. Zoophytes.
1847. LONSDALE, W. Remarks on the Character of several Species of Tertiary Cor-
als from the United States, in reply to Mr. Dana. (Extracted from a letter
from W. Lonsdale to C. Lyell, esy.) Am. Jour. Sei., 2d ser., IV, p. 357.
No.1193. | SOME NEOCENE CORALS—GANE. 183
1847. Dana, J.D. Observations in reply to Mr. Lonsdale’s Remarks. Am. Jour.
Sci., 2d ser., IV, pp. 359-362.
1818. TuomEy, M. Report on the Geology of South Carolina.
Bronn, H.G. Index Paleontologicus.
1849. D’ORBIGNY, A. Note sur les Polypiers fossiles.
MILNE-EDWARDS, H., and JuLES Haimr. Recherches sur les Polypiers. Ann.
des Sci. Nat., 3d ser., XLI, pp. 95-197.
MILNE-EDWwarbs, H., and JULES Haime. Mémoire sur les Polypiers apparte-
nants & la famille des Oculindes, an groupe intermédiaire des Pseudastréides
et a la famille des Fongides. Comptes Rendus, XXIX, pp. 67-73.
1850. MILNE-EDwarps, H., and JULES HAIiME. Recherches sur les Polypiers. Ann.
des Sci. Nat., 3d ser., XIII, pp. 63-110.
MILNE-Epwarbs, H.,.and JuLES HaimeE. British Fossil Corals, Paleonto-
graphical Society.
1851. MILNE-EDWarbDs, H., and JULES HAIME. Monographie des Polypiers Fossils
des Terrains Palzeozoiques, precedée d’un_ Tableau General de la Classifica-
tion des Polypes. Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat., V.
1850-1852. D’OrBIGNy, A. Prodrome de Paleontologie stratigraphique universelle
des Animaux Mollusques et Rayonnés.
1853-1856. BRoNN, H. G. Lethea Geognostica.
TuOMEY, M., and Hotmgs, F. 8S. Plieocene Fossils of South Carolina.
1857. MILNE-EDWARDS, H., and JULES HAIME. Histoire Naturelle des Coralliaires.
1858. Emmons, E. Report on North Carolina Geological Survey, Agriculture of the
Eastern Counties, and Description of Fossils of the Marl Beds.
1860. HOLMES, F.S. Post Pliocene Fossils of South Carolina.
1861. FROMENTEL, E. D. Introduction a l’etude des polypiers fossiles.
1864. Meek, F. B. Check List of Invertebrate Fossils of North American Miocene.
1868. VERRILL,A. E. Review of the Corals and Polypsof the West Coast of America.
Trans. Conn. Ac. Art. Sci., I, Pt. 2, p. 377.
1884. RocErS, W. B. and H. D. Contributions to the Geology of the Tertiary For-
mations of Virginia in a ‘Reprint of Annual Reports and other papers on
the Geology of the Virginias.” New York.
1886. DuNcAN, P. M. (Abstract of paper) On a new Genus of Madreporaria
Glyphastrea, with remarks on the Glyphastrea Forbesi, Edwards and
Haime, sp. from the Tertiaries of Maryland, U.S. Abstract Proc. Geol. Soc.
London, No. 495.
1887. DuNcAN, P. M. On anew Genus of Madreporaria-Glyphastrea, with remarks
on the Glyphastra Forbesi, Edwards and Haime, sp. from the Tertiaries
of Maryland, U. 8. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, XLIII, p. 24, pl. 1.
_ 1887. HEILpRIN, A. The Miocene Mollusca of the State of New Jersey. Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, XXXIX, pp. 397-405.
1888. HINDE, G. J. On the History and Characters of the Genus Septastrexa,
D’Orbigny (1849), and the Identity ot its Type Species with that of Glyphas-
trea, Duncan (1887). Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, XLIV, p. 200, pl. rx.
1895. GANE, H. 8. A contribution to the Neocene Corals of the United States.
Johns Hopkins Univ. Circulars, XV, No. 121, October, pp. 8-10.
184 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXII.
Class IN IEOVAOU.
Suborder ZOANTHARIA SCLERODERMATA (or MADREPORARIA).
Section MADREPORARIA APOROSA.
Family TURBINOLID# (part) Edwards and Haime.
Genus DESMOPHYLLUM Ehrenberg.
DESMOPHYLLUM WILLCOXI Gane.
(Plate XV, figs. 1-3.)
1895. Desmophyllum willcoxi GANE, Johns Hopkins Univ. Cire., XV, No. 12, October,
1895, p. 9.
Corallum quite variable in shape, more or less compressed, conical,
attached at base by a moderately long pedicle, which may be either
broad or narrow. Surface of the wall and costal ridges smooth, at times
showing the development of an epitheca. Cost well developed, cor-
responding to all septa, more prominent near the calicular margin,
margins not acute, some granulations over the surface. The summits
of the calice in the shorter diameter are higher than in the longer.
The margin of the calice is irregularly dentate. The interior of the wall
coarsely pitted here and there between the septa. There are six sys-
tems of septa with four well-developed cycles, and a fifth rudimentary.
The septa are exsert, rather stout, thicker near the wall and in the
vicinity of the base of the calicular fossa; they are generally straight
but often curved, with granulated sides, and the surface often shows
quite distinct striations. In well-preserved specimens the fossa is deep
and narrow, and the free margins of the septa at the base of the fossa
often form by means of small rod-like projections a sort of columella as
in Flabellum.
Such a pseudocolumella similar to that found in the present species
is described by Mr. H. N. Mosely ' in his report on the “‘ Deep Sea Madre-
poraria” as occurring in the Desmophyllum ingens from the fjords of
western Patagonia.
This species is respectfully dedicated to Mr. Joseph Willcox, of Phila-
delphia.
Dimensions.—The dimensions of the largest specimen are: Height, 28
mm.; greatest length and least width of calice, respectively, 32 and
25mm. The calices of the majority of the specimens are, however,
more compressed than in this one.
Geological horizon.—Upper Oligocene.
Locality. Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida.
Collections.—Wagner Free Institute of Science, and in the private
cabinet of Mr. Joseph Willcox, of. Philadelphia.
‘Challenger Expedition, Zoology, II, Pt. 7. Report on certain Hydroid, Alcyo-
narian, and Madreporarian corals procured during the voyage of H. M.S. Challenger,
in the years 1873-1876, p. 161.
No. 1193. SOME NEOCENE CORALS—GANE. 185
Genus PARACYATHUS Edwards and Haime.
PARACYATHUS VAUGHANI Gane.
(Plate XV, figs. 4-6.)
1895. Paracyathus vaughani GANE, Johns Hopkins Univ. Cire., XV, No. 121, October,
1895, p. 9.
Corallum small, broad and iow, with the calice about the same diam-
eter as the base, above which the wall is somewhat constricted. Wall
thin, costulate to its base. Cost« low, unequal, finely granular, more
prominent near the calicular margin where they are considerably
thicker than their corresponding septa. Calice circular in the young,
slightly oval in the adult individual; fossa broad, moderately deep.
Septa in six systems of five cycles lacking part of the sixth order of
the last cycle; in forms of medium size, only four cycles are present.
Primaries and secondaries subequal, thick and stout, with summits
more broadly rounded and more strongly exsert than those of the
remaining thin and slender septa; sides coarsely granulated, edges of
the higher cycles regularly crenately dentate. Pali granular, present
before all the septa but those of the last cycle, excepting in the most
mature forms, where they may be lacking before a part of the fourth as
well as before all of the fifth cycle of septa. Columella papillose, well
developed.
In polishing down the base of the coral, the rings marking the ex-
istence of previous outer walls are clearly seen. In one specimen no
less than eight appear, showing the growth of the coral and its rela-
tion to the development of its septa.
The individuals of this form generally occur alone attached to some
shell, but occasionally they are found in clusters, being in close contact
with one another at their sides or the outer edge of their bases.
Dimensions.—Height of largest specimen, 4 mm.; breadth of calice,
11 mm.
Geological horizon—Miocene, Chesapeake formation.
Locality.—Carters Landing, James River, and Yorktown, Virginia.
Collections.—U. S. National Museum (type); Wagner Free Institute
of Science; Johns Hopkins University.
Family OCULINID 4 (part) Edwards and Haime.
Genus ASTROHELIA Edwards and Haime.
ASTROHELIA PALMATA (Goldfuss).
1826-1833. Madrepora palmata GoLpFuss, Petrefacta Germaniz, Pt. 1, p. 23, pl. xxx,
figs. 6, a, b.
1834. Oculina palmata EHRENBERG, Abhand. Berlin, Ak. Wiss. for 1832, pp. 305, 344.
1834. Madrepora palmata BLAINVILLE, Man. Act. ou Zooph., p. 390.
1836. Madrepora palmata LAMARCK, Hist. Nat. Animaux sans Vert., 2d ed., II, p. 450.
1848. Oculina palmata BRONN, Index Palontologicus, I, p. 835.
1849. Astrhelia palmata Epwarvs and Hatmer, Compte Rendus Ac. Sci., XXIX, p. 68.
186 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
1850. Astrhelia palmata Epwarps and Harn, British Fossil Corals, Introd., p. 20.
1850. Astrhelia palmata EDWARDS and HAIME, Ann. des Nat., 3d ser., XIIII, p. 74.
1851. Astrhelia palmata EDWARDS and HAIMRE, Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, V, p. 37.
1853-1856. Asirhelia palmata BRONN, Lethaze Geognostica, Pt. 6, p. 307.
1857. Astrohelia palmata EDWARDS and HAIME, Hist. Nat. des Corall., II, p. 111.
1864. Astrohelia palmata MEEK, Check-list Invert. Foss. N. Am. Miocene, p. 1.
1895. Astrohelia palmata GANE, Johns Hopkins Univ. Cire., XV, No. 121, p. 9.
Colony forming a palmate mass with more or less coalescing branches.
In specimens which are not water worn the cost are quite distinct at
the calicular edge and bent, passing at times into slight flattened ridges
on the surface of the coenenchyma. Calices slightly unequal and
separated by irregular distances from one another, moderately deep,
and projecting somewhat above the coenenchyma. Septa in two cycles
of about equal size, with a third cycle, generally rudimentary, at times,
however, fully developed; narrow, coarsely toothed with granular sides.
The septa often unite in the center forming a small somewhat spongy
columella.
This coral is of interest as being the first described from the Neocene
of this country.
Dimensions.—Breadth of calice from 2 to 3 mm.
Geological horizon.—Miocene, Chesapeake formation.
Localityx—Shiloh, New Jersey, and common at many localities in
Maryland.
Collections.-U. S. National Museum; Philadelphia Academy of
Natural Sciences; Wagner f'ree Institute of Science; Johns Hop-
kins University.
Family ASTRAIDA Edwards and Haime, amended.
Genus CIRCOPHYLLIA Edwards and Haime.
Subgenus ANTILLIA Duncan.
ANTILLIA GUESDESI (Duchassaing and Michelotti).
1850. Turbinolia biloba DUCHASSAING, Anim. Rad. des Antilles, p. 14 (not Michelin).
1854. (?) Circophyllia, species 3, LONSDALE, manuscript.
1861. Montlivaultia guesdesii DUCHASSAING and MICHELOTTI, Mem. Acad. Sci. Torino,
XIX, p. 345, pl. v, fig. 13.
1864. Antillia bilobata DUNCAN, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., XX, p. 31, pl. 11, fig. 3.
1866. Antillia guesdesii DUCHASSAING and MICHELOTTI, Mem. Acad. Sci. Torino,
XXIII, p. 172.
1868. Antillia bilobata DUNCAN, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., XXIV, p. 23.
1870. Antillia guesdesii DUCHASSAING, Revue des Zooph. et des Spong. des Antilles,
De 22
1875. Antillia bilobata POURTALES, Geol. Mag., new ser., 2d Dec., II.
1895. Antillia biloba GANE, Johns Hopkins Univ. Circ., XV, No. 121, p. 9.
Corallum simple, nearly straight, conical, at times constricted verti-
cally so as to appear more or less bilobate, pedicellate. Epitheea well
developed and membraniform. Cost large above, projecting outward
2.5 mm. from the calicular margins; edges rounded and marked by
tubercles; sides granulated at their upper extremites in radiating rows
extending over from the septa. Exotheca frequently present between
NO. 1193. SOME NEOCENE CORALS—GANE. 187
the costz, inclined, and forming cells. In the largest specimens the
calicular area is somewhat less than that of a transverse section of the
coral about 15 mm. below the margins. Calice variable in shape from
quite oval tocompressed, sometimes constricted centrally, approximating
in shape the figure eight; itis shallow and presents a wavy margin ona
nearly even plane in the adult, uneven in the young. The fossa is deep
and narrow. ‘There are six systems with five complete cycles of septa,
and in the adult individuals sometimes several orders of a sixth. The
septa are crowded, often curved, a little thicker at the wall than else-
where, marked on their upper edges with a very slight serration of
small papillz; the sides have radiating rows of granules which merge
with those on the cost; this regularity of granular arrangement is not
so marked in the vicinity of the lower part of the fossa. Columella
long, dense, and spongy.* Endotheca abundant.
When comparing the coral at different stages in its growth, this
species is very variable in shape. In the young forms, we find the
corallum more conical than turbinate, more strongly attached, and
its calice much more oval and not at all resembling the figure eight in
outline. The margin of the calice is more sinuous, with the longer axis
more depressed than the shorter. Epitheca less prominent. Septa in
only four cycles, straighter and less crowded. Fossa deeper than in the
adult form.
The number of specimens examined by the writer is numerous, rep-
resenting quite a series of individuals of most varied size and shape.
Had either of several extreme types occurred alone without the con-
necting forms it might well be considered as a distinct species.
The young are but slightly, if at all, bilobed, the most matured indi-
viduals alone being turbinate and vertically constricted with a figure
eight shaped calice, the latter characteristics being described by Pro-
fessor Duncan as typical of the West Indian forms.
Dimensions.—The dimensions of the largest specimens are: Height, 50
mm.; greatest length and least width of calice, respectively, 59 and 25
mm. When comparing the above measurements with those of the
largest specimens from Santo Domingo, the latter are found to be far
larger in size than the forms occurring in Florida.
Geological horizon.—Upper Oligocene, Chipola formation.
Locality.—Bailey’s Ferry, Chipola River, Calhoun County, Florida;
Santo Domingo, Guadeloupe (horizon not given), West Indies.
Collection. U. S. National Museum.
Genus ASTRANGIA Edwards and Haime.
ASTRANGIA LINEATA (Conrad).
1835. Lithodendron lineatus CONRAD, Trans. Geol. Soc. Pa., I, Pt. 2, p. 340, pl. x11,
fig. 4.
1845. Anthophyllum lineatum LYELL, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., I, p. 424.
1845. Anthophyllum lineatum LONSDALE, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., I, p. 495, fig. a.
1845. Caryophyllia lineata CONRAD (Manuscript label), Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., I,
p. 495.
188 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
1846. Lithodendrum lineatum CONRAD, Am. Jour. Sci., 2d ser., I, p. 220.
1848. Anthophyllum lineatum BRONN, Index Palzeontologicus, I, p. 83.
1864. Cladocora? lineata MEEK, Check-list Invert. Foss. N. Am. Miocene, p. I. -
1895. Astrangia lineata GANE, Johns Hopkins Univ. Cire., XV, No. 121, p. 9.
Colony encrusting, consisting of conical or cylindrical corallites, the
largest sometimes rising a centimeter above the surface of the bas.
expansion. Individual corallites divergent, but usually touching at
their bases. Walls very thin at their calicular edge, thicker below.
Hpitheca extremely thin, finely granulated and in some forms sl.owing
parallel, somewhat sinuous, flat and broad strive extending to the base.
True costz of unequal size are at times present in the vicinity of the
ealicular edge. Calice as a rule circular, at times considerably
compressed, deep. Septa much narrowed at the top, in mature forms in
four complete cycles; septa of the last cycle much thinner and narrower
than those of the preceding, often merely rudimentary; in the younger
individuals septa but thirty-six; there is a tendency for the younger
septa to turn toward and unite with the older; inner edges strongly
dentate, teeth slightly coarser nearthe columella; sides granulated,
though not stoutly so. Columella small and formed of a net-work
of trabicule with additions from the septal ends. Multiplication by
budding chiefly from basal expansions, although it may take place well
up on the side of a parent corallite.
The writer refers this species to the genus Astrangia, although there
is more of an epitheca present than has been hitherto considered as
characteristic of the genus. In all other respects this species seems
to be typical. Lonsdale, in his description of the coral, states that it
closely resembles the Lithodendron flecuosum described by Michelin in
his Iconographie Zoolphytogique, from the faluns of Touraine, but
Edwards and Haime have since pronounced the species of Michelin to
be a Cladocora. As this American species lacks pali and possesses
neither a shallow calice nor septa quite exsert, it can not belong to the
genus Cladocora.
Dimensions.—Breadth of calice, from 4 to 8 mm.
Geological horizon.—Miocene, Chesapeake formation.
Locality.—Bellefield, Yorktown, Carters Landing, and City Poiné,
Virginia.
Collections.—_U. S. National Museum; Philadelphia Academy cf
Natural Sciences; Wagner Free Institute of Science; Johns Hopkins
University.
ASTRANGIA ASTRAZIFORMIS Edwards and Haime.
1850. dAstrangia astreiformis EDWARDS and Haims, Ann. des Se. Nat., 3d ser., XII,
p. 181.
1857. Astrangia astreiformis EDWARDS and HaArIME, Hist. Nat. des Coralliaries, II,
p. 614.
1863. Astrangia astreiformis VRRRILL, Mem. Boston, Soc. Nat. Hist., I, p. 39.
1871. Astrangia astretiformis POURTALES, Ill. Cat. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard Coll.,
No. IV, p. 80.
1895. Astrangia astreiformis GANE, Johns Hopkins Univ. Cire., XV, No. 121, p. 9.
NO. 1193. SOME NEOCENE CORALS—GANE. 189
Colony encrusting, of closely ‘united corallites often free at their
summit. Walls minutely granulated on the exterior surface. Coste
present, most distinct near the calicular edge. Cailices open, deep and
circular except when crowded. Septa very slightly exsert, narrowed
at top, in six systems of three complete cycles with part of a fourth;
those of the third cycle a little narrower than the preceding, uniting
with them inferiorly and near the columella; edges sharply and some-
what coarsely dentate; sides granulated. Columella well developed,
papillary, the outer part resembling the inner teeth of the septa.
Gemmation both from marginal buds on the basal expansion and from
the sides of the coral between the parent corallites.
This species is found recent on the shores of the Atlantic from
North Carolina to Florida. It is very nearly related to Astrangia dane
Agassiz, occurring on the coast of this country from New Jersey to
Massachusetts. It also in many respects resembles the fossil Astrangia
lineata from the Virginia Miocene.
Dimensions.—Breadth of calice, from 2 to 4 mm.
Geological horizon.—Miocene.
Localityx—Cain Hoy, South Carolina.
Collections.—U. S. National Museum.
Genus ASTRANGIA Edwards and Haime.
Subgenus COENANGIA Verrill.
CCGENANGIA BELLA (Conrad).
1841. Astre bella ConrRaD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., I, p. 33.
1842. Astrw bella CONRAD, Jour. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VIII, Pt. 2, p. 189.
1857. Astrangia? bella EDWARDS and HaIME, Hist. Nat. des Corall., II, p. 615.
1857. Astrea bella TuoMEY and Ho.tmes, Pleiocene Foss. South Carolina, p. 1, pl.
: I, figs. 1, la.
1860. Astrea bella HOLMES, Pleiocene Foss. South Carolina, p. 1, pl. 1, fig. 2.
1861. Asirangia? bella DE FROMENTEL, Introduct. Polyp. Foss., p. 237.
1864. Astrwa bella MEEK, Check-list Invert. Foss. N. Am. Miocene, p. 1.
1868. Astrangia (Cenangia) bella VERRILL, Trans. Conn. Ac. Art. Sci., I, Pt. 2, p. 530.
1895. Cenangia bella GANE, Johns Hopkins Univ. Cire., XV, No. 121, p. 9.
Colony incrusting, rising at times into lobate extensions. Corallites
thin walled, closely united. Calices irregularly prismatic, quite deep,
with their fosse narrow at the bottom. Septain three complete cycles,
the third less stout and usually curved toward and united, near the
columella, to those of the preceding cycle; occasionally part of a
fourth cycle is developed. Septa thin, with free edges sharply and
roughly denticulated throughout; sides somewhat coarsely granulated,
frequently the granules being also present on the inside wall of the
calice. Columella moderately developed, spongy, composed of con-
torted processes originating from the inner margins of the septa.
Gemmation takes place in the interspaces between the corallites.
This species is closely related to the living Cwnangia conferta of
the Pacific, and Astrangia dane Agassiz and Astrangia astreiformis
of the Atlantic.
190 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
Dimensions.—Breadth of calice, from 3 to 6 mm.
Geological horizon.—Miocene, Chesapeake formation; and (Pleiocene?
of Tuomey and Holmes).
Locality.—Darlington, South Carolina; Newbern, North Carolina;
Prince George County, Virginia.
Collections._-U. 8. National Museum.
CG@ENANGIA MARYLANDICA (Conrad).
1841. Astrwa marylandica CONRAD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., I, p. 33.
1842. Astrwa marylandica Conrap, Jour. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., ViII, Pt. 2, p. 189.
1845. Astrwa hirtolamellata? LYELL, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., I, p. 424.
1845. Astrea hirtolamellata LONSDALE, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., I, p..500, fig. 1.
1846. Astrea marylandica Conrad, Am. Jour. Sci., 2d ser., I, p. 220.
1846. Astroitis or Pleiadia marylandica Dana, Am. Jour. Sci., 2d ser., I, p. 221.
1847. Astrea marylandica LONSDALE, Am. Jour. Sci., 2d ser., IV, p. 359.
1847. (Allied to Caryophyllia family) Dana, Am. Jour. Sci., 2d ser., IV, p. 361.
1848. Astrea marylandica TUOMEY, Report Geol. South Carolina, pp. 182, 208.
1848. Dipsastraea hirtolamellata BRONN, Index Palxontologicus, I, p. 126.
1857. Astrea marylandica TUOMEY and HoLMEs, Pleiocene Foss. South Carolina,
p. 2; pl. 1, figs. 2, 2a.
1857. Astrangia? marylandica Epwarps and HaiME, Hist. Nat. des Corall., II, p. 615.
1864. Astrwa marylandica MEEK, Check-list Invert. Foss. N. Am. Miocene, p. 1.
1868. Astrangia (Cenangia) marylandica VERRILL, Trans. Conn. Ac. Art. Sci., I, Pt.
2, p. 550.
1895. Cenangia marylandica GANE, Johns Hopkins Univ. Cire., XV, No. 121, p. 9.
Colony incrusting, at times rising into lobes in the middle. Corai-
lites in close contact but the individual walls distinct. Calices crowded,
irregular in size and shape, oval, circular, and polygonal, the latter pre-
dominating, moderately deep, with perpendicular walls. Interseptal
chambers very wide. Septa subequal in two cycles, thin, the free edge
subentire and concave; uniting at their inner margins to form a pseudo-
columella. Walls and septa of the calices completely covered with
minute tubercles. Dissepiments scarce. Growth of corallum by bud-
ding of young corallites from between the angles of the older cells.
This species is common in the Miocene bluffs of the James River,
Virginia, where it is generally found incrusting the surface of the
Pecten jeffersonius.
In the opinion of the writer this apparently distantly related coral
will, upon further study, prove to have close affinities with the Septas-_
trea sexradiata of Lonsdale.
The nearest living ally to this form, according to Professor Verrill, is
the Cenangia conferta of the Pacific Ocean. The latter, however, differs
from the fossil coral in possessing usually 24 septa and only moderately
wide interseptal chambers; the walls are thinner; the septa have
larger lateral granules, and the columella is more strongly developed.
Professor Verrill further adds! “‘that the close relation of this living
(Pacific Ocean) species to the fossil and recent species (Astrangia dane
and Astrangia astreiformis) of the temperate coasts on the Atlantic
‘Notes on Radiata, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., I, Pt. 2, p. 531.
NO. 1193. SOME NEOCENE CORALS—GANE. 191
side, together with the occurrence of certain shells that are apparently
identical in the two regions, but found neither in the arctic nor in the
tropical regions, is very suggestive of a former connection, perhaps in
early tertiary times, between the two oceans, through the temperate
‘parts of North America.”
Dimensions.—Breadth of calice, from 2 to 4 mm.
Geological horizon.—Miocene, Chesapeake formation and (Pleiocene ?
of Tuomey and Holmes).
Locality.— Virginia and South Carolina.
Collections.—U. S. National Museum; Philadelphia Academy of
Natural Sciences; Wagner Free Institute of Science; Johns Hop-
kins University.
Subgenus PHYLLANGIA Edwards and Haime.
PHYLLANGIA FLORIDANA Gane.
(Plate XV, figs. 7-9.)
1895. Phyllangia floridana GANE, Johns Hopkins Univ. Circ., XV, No. 121, p. 9.
Colony encrusting, consisting of subturbinate corallites arising from
the basal expansion. Individuals generally free above but somewhat
closely united at their base. Walls thin at the calicular edge, thicker
below. Coste low, subequal, minutely granulated, reaching to the base,
but more prominent at the calicular margin and at the swellings just
beneath the constrictions in the walls of the corallites. About on a
level with the bottom of the fossa, the diameter of the corallite is least,
the walls being here somewhat constricted, beneath which constriction
they are again frequently swelled to a diameter equal to that at the
calicular margin. Calices somewhat expanded, widely open, deep,
narrow at the bottom. Septa crowded, in six systems of four complete
cycles, lacking a few septa of the fifth order; primaries and secondaries
more exsert, thicker and broader than the septa of the following cycles,
quarternaries least exsert, thinnest and narrowest; sides of the septa
sharply granulated and the edges of all but the fourth cycle rounded
superiorly and subentire in their upper parts, the lower two-thirds of
the septal edges being strongly lobate or dentate, the uppermost tooth
being the most prominent and similar in shape to a true paliform lobe.
Columella papillary occupying a very limited area; the line of separa-
tion between the papille of the columella and the lowest teeth of the
septa being indistinguishable. Gemmation by budding from the basal
expansion of the wall of a parent corallite.
This form in its general size and mode of growth very much resem-
bles the Astrangia lineata (Conrad) of the Virginia Miocene deposits.
Dimensions.—Breadth of calice, from 4 to 6 mm.
Geological horizon.— Pliocene, Caloosahatchie beds.
Locality—Alligator Creek, Monroe County, Florida.
Collections.— U.S. National Musenm. The type specimen was col-
lected by Mr. Joseph Willcox, of Philadelphia.
192 PROCHEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
Genus CLADOCORA Edwards and Haime.
CLADOCORA JOHNSONI Gane.
(Plate XV, figs. 10-12.)
1895. Cladocora johnsoni GANE, Johns Hopkins Univ. Cire., XV, No. 121, p. 10.
Corallites slender, somewhat flexuous, and cylindrical. When found
fossil they are detached from the parent colony. Walls of moderate
thickness. Cost granular, well developed, and close set; those corre-
sponding in position to the septa of the first and second cycles of the
same size, and larger than those corresponding the members of the
third and fourth cycles. With the exception of a few cost of the
fourth cycle, all reach to the base of the corallite. Calices circular
with a shallow fossa. There are six systems of three complete cycies,
with occasionally a few rudimentary. septa of an incompleted order of
a fourth cycle. Septa exsert, the primaries more prominently so,
rounded and very finely granulated laterally, giving the lamine a
slightly striated appearance; primaries thicker and broader than
secondaries, which, in turn, have a similar relation to the tertiaries.
In sections of a corallite below the ecalice, the septa of the third cycle
approach and midway between the theca and columella unite with
those of the preceding cycle. Either true pali or paliform lobes are
present before all but the last cycle of septa. Columella coarsely
papillary but rather narrow. Gemmation lateral and often in pairs at
the same height on the stem.
The nearest related form to this Pliocene coral seems to be the
Cladocora debilis Edwards and Haime, recent at Maderia, but owing
to its meager descriptions the writer can not speak definitely on this
point, as he has not had an opportunity of examining specimens of the
species.
The present form is named after Mr. Charles W. Johnson, of Phila-
delphia, who has added so much to our knowledge of the Neocene
paleontology of the South.
Dimensions.—Height of the largest specimen, 12 mm.; breadth of
calice, from 2 to 2.8. :
Geological horizon.—Pliocene.
Locality— Waccamaw River, South Carolina.
Collections.—Wagaer Free Institute of Science (type), Johns Hop-
kins University. The type specimens were collected by Mr. C. W.
Johnson.
Genus MANICINA Ehrenberg.
MANICINA PLIOCENICA Gane.
1895. Manicina pliocenica GANE, Johns Hopkins Univ. Cire., XY, No. 121, p. 10.
Colony very variable in shape, with a sinuous outline, from compressed
conical to subhemispherical; attached by a slender pedicle, the lower
part of the base curved in the direction of the greater axis of the
‘NO. 1193. SOME NEOCENE CORALS—GANE. 193
colony. Valleys rather wide, long and deep, having perfect communi-
cation between them. Corallines broad and furrowed. Wall thin.
Epitheca well developed, pellicular; its lines of growth in wavy ridges
of varied thickness, the thinnest of which are pierced by the granules
of the costz; im some cases it is limited to the lower part of the base,
in others it reaches to the summit of the outer wall of the colony.
Coste of nearly equal size, the oldest only reaching the pedicle; con-
siderably exsert, being a continuation of the septa at their upper
edges; finely toothed on the free edge, rows of granules on the sides.
Exotheca abundant. Septa quite exsert, slightly thicker at the wall,
granulated laterally in radiating rows, with free edge regularly toothed,
the teeth being somewhat larger near the paliform lobe, which is some-
what thicker, at least near the columella, than the principal septum to
which it belongs. Columella well developed, narrow, of a coarse
spongy nature, especially when seen in vertical section. Endotheca
abundant, with dissepiments of unequal length inclined toward the
inner and lower edges of the septa.
Pourtales' considered that all the living West Indian types of this
genus represented one species, the Manicina areolata (Linneus).
Whether this be true or not, the species under discussion differs from
all recorded living forms. More especially it varies from Manicina
areolata in the following particulars: Its collines are generally broader;
the septo-cost of adjoining individuals are rarely united, the walls of
the individuals being distinct; septa somewhat stouter and less crowded
together, in very rare cases only exceeding eleven in number to the
centimeter; the teeth on the inner edge of the septa are more regular
in size and shape. On the other hand, in Manicina areolata the col-
lines are narrow, with many of the septo-coste of neighboring indi-
viduals united. The septa are thinner and more crowded, from fifteen
to twenty (Quelch) to the centimeter. The teeth on the inner edge
vary more in different parts of the same septum. This differentiation
of the teeth on different parts of the edge of the septum and paliform
lobe, as shown by the living types, is well illustrated in the “Report on
the Florida Reefs” by Agassiz.’
Dimensions.—This species is very variable in size and shape. The
greatest width of one corallum measured is 100 mm.; length, 150 mm.
(estimated); height, 80 mm.; of another, width, 55 mm.; length, 135
mm.; height, 55 mm.
Geological horizon.—Pliocene.
Locality.—Caloosahatchie River, Florida.
Collections —U.S. National Museum (type), collected by Mr. W. H.
Dall; Wagner Free Institute of Science, collected by Messrs. Heilprin
and Willcox.
17. Cat. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard Coll., No. IV, pp. 72, 73.
Memoir Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard Coll., VII, No. 1, pl. vt, fig. 6.
Proce. N. M. vol. xxii——138
194 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
-Genus SEPTASTRAA dOrbigny (1849), emend. Hinde.
SEPTASTRAIA SEXRADIATA (Lonsdale).
1837. Astrea sp. W. B. and H. D. RoGeErs, Trans. Am. Phila. Soc., new ser., V, p. 338.
1845. Columnaria ? secradiata LONSDALE, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., I, p. 497, figs. a, b.
1845. Columnaria ? sexradiata LYELL, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., I, p. 416.
1846. Astroitis sexradiata DANA, Am. Jour. Sci., 2d ser., I, p. 221.
1846. Astroitis sexradiata DANA, U. S. Exploring Expedition, Zoophytes, p. 722.
1848. Columnaria ? sexradiata BRONN, Index Paleontologicus, I, p. 321.
1849. Septastrea forbesi EDwARDs and Haime, Ann. des Sci. Nat., 3d ser., XII, p. 64.
1849. Septastrea subramosa D’ORBIGNY (nominal), Note sur les Polyp. foss., p. 9.
1852. Septastrea subramosa D’ORBIGNY, Prodr. de Pal., III, p. 146.
1857. Septastrea forbesi Epwarps and HaimR, Hist. Nat. des Corall., I, p. 450.
1857. Astrangia ? bella Epwanrvs and Haime, Hist. Nat. des Corall., II, p. 615.
1861. Astrangia? bella DK FROMENTEL, Introduction Polyp. foss., p. 237.
1861. Septastrwa forbesi DE FROMENTEL, Introduction Polyp. foss., p. 174.
1851. Septastrea forbesi KDWARDS and Haime, Archiv. Mus. Nat. Hist., V, p. 115.
1864. Septastrwa ? sexradiata MEEK, Check-list Invert. Foss., N. Am. Miocene, p. 1.
1864. Septastrwa forbesi MEEK, Check-list Invert Foss. N. Am. Miocene, p. 1.
1884. Astrea sp. W. B. and H. D. RocErs, Reprint of Ann. Reports and other Papers
on Geology of the Virginias, p. 667.
1886. Glyphastrwa forbesi DUNCAN, Abstract. Proc. Geol. Soc. London, No. 495, p. 18.
1887. Glyphastrwa sexradiata DUNCAN, Quart, Jour. Geol. Soc., XLII, p. 30.
1887. Glyphastrea forbesi DUNCAN, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., XLIII, p. 29, pl. mt.
1888. Septasirea sexradiata HINDE, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., XLIV, p. 219, pl. 1x,
figs. 6-16.
1888. Septastrea forbesi HINDE, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., XLIV, p. sy pl. 1x, figs.
1-5, 7-15, 17.
1895. Septastrwa sexradiata GANE, Johns Hopkins Univ. Cire., XV, No. 421, p. 10.
Colony incrusting at base, rising into cylindrical compressed stems
with short, rounded branches or of large flattened masses with lobate
and digitiform expansions. Corallites with walls in close contact but
distinct one from another, subeylindrical in the interior, although pris-
matic at the surface of the corallum. The matured calices are shallow
with thickened margins, an impressed line generally marking the
division between the individuals; the floors of the calices, which have a
dome-shaped elevation in the center are entirely closed with stereo-
plasm, the upper edges of the septa alone shghtly projecting. When
the calices are immature or much crowded the walls are thin and the
floor near its periphery is incomplete. The entire calice when per-
fectly preserved is covered with minute tubercles, although the surface
of the septa in the interior of the corallites is smooth. Septa usually
12 in the lower portion of the corallite; in the calice a rudimentary
third cycle is often added. Abnormally the calice may possess from 0
to 36 septa. The inner septal ends are often intertwisted to form a
pseudocolumella. Dissepiments very thin, irregularly developed, fre-
quently at the same level in the different interseptal loculi, usually
from 1 to 2 mm. apart, the uppermost dissepiment of the corallite form-
ing the base to the infilling stereoplasm. Increase by gemmation from
buds formed at the interspaces between the walls of adjacent mature
corallites.
NO. 1193. SOME NEOCENE CORALS—GANE. 195
For a further detailed and most elaborate description of this coral
consult the paper by Dr. G. J. Hinde on the genus Septastrwa in gen-
eral, and the present species in particular. Nothing but the mode of
attachment is now added to the characteristics of the form as so clearly
determined by Dr. Hinde.
The present writer, however, considers the Septastrea forbesi Kd-
wards and Haime, as a synonym of the S. sexradiata Lonsdale. In
discussing the similiarity of the two species Dr. Hinde! aptly sum-
marizes the subject in the following words. He says that—
It is very evident that in form, mode of growth, and in every other feature but
one, this species (S. sexradiata) is closely similar to Septastrwa forbesi. The one fea-
ture in which it differs is the greater development of the third cycle of septa within
the calices. This feature, curiously enough, is limited to the calices, for in the lower
part of the corallites only the 12 septa of the first and second. cycles are devel-
oped, as in S. forbesi, so that specimeus in which the surface features are partially
obliterated can not be distinguished from this latter species. I have serious doubts
whether this one feature may not, after all, be due to a more favorable condition of
growth or environment to which this particular specimen has been exposed. It is
somewhat remarkable that of the thirteen specimens of Septastrwa which have come
under my notice this is the only one which exhibits such a development of the third
eycle of septa in the calices; in all others this cycle is only indicated by marginal
ridges. There is a considerable amount of variation in this respect in the specimens
referred to Septastrea forbesi, for in some only 6 septa are developed in the calices,
in others 12, and yet no specific distinction can be made, since in certain specimens
both conditions are present. It might therefore be urged that, as Lonsdale’s speci-
men is undistinguishable in every other respect from Septastrwa forbesi, the difference
in this variable feature does not possess specific value. While admitting the force
of the argument, I think it is preferable provisionally to allow the difference to be
specific, and if further evidence should show that it must be regarded as merely
due to external conditions, and that there is only one species, then this species
must bear Lonsdale’s name of sexradiata, since this has the priority of Edwards avd
Haime’s name, forbesi.
As the fori under discussion is the most common coral occurring in
the beds of the Virginia Miocene, the writer has had an opportunity of
studying a large series of specimens, and has reached the conclusion
as stated above that all belong to the same species, although in the
superficial calices there is often a remarkable divergence in the rela-
tive development of the septa and the pseudocolumella. Were the
Septastrea forbesi allowed of specific value, then a number of new spe-
cific names should be employed for these forms with calices, either con-
taining but 6 or less septa, or with the septa of the latter cycles united
with those of the preceding, or with the other similar modifications in
the calice.
That both Mr. Lonsdale and Sir Charles Lyell considered these Sep-
tastrea as of one species, the S. sexradiata is evinced by the fact that
the former, who described the forms, gave but one specific name to them,
and the latter, who collected the specimens, stated? that lying on the
beach of the James River were masses of the S. sexradiata upward of
2Tdem., I, 1845 p. 416.
196 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
2 feet in width, which had been washed out of the shell marl. The
above would show that both Lonsdale and Lyell regarded the coral
described as representing the specimens collected rather than of:a
peculiar variety as has been since considered by later writers, with the
possible exception of Dr. Hinde, who desired further information on
the subject before finally committing himself.
The first reference to this coral is found in 1837 as a footnote to an
article! on the gevlogy of the Tertiary formations of Virginia by W. B.
and H. D. Rogers. They remark that an Astrea of immense magnitude
was lying at that time half buried in sand on the beach of Tarbay, James
River, having fallen to its present position from an overhanging cliff.
They add further that it was much reduced in size since its fall, but had
then an approximate weight of 700 pounds and a diameter in its greatest
length of 4§ feet. Mr. Arthur Bibbins has recently secured this his-
toric specimen for the Geological Museum of the Woman’s College of
Baltimore where it is now preserved.
Dimensions.—The largest specimen is about 1.5 meters in its greatest
diameter; breadth of calices from 3 to 8.5 mm. with an average width
of 4.6 mm.
Geological horizon.—Miocene, Chesapeake formation.
Locality.—Bellefield and Yorktown on the York River, and at many
points on the James River, Virginia. In some of the previous papers
on the subject this coral is frequently mentioned as coming from Mary-
land, but none of the specimens in the collections examined by the
writer came from that State.
Collections.—U.S. National Museum; Philadelphia Academy of Natu-
ral Sciences; Wagner Free Institute of Science; Johns Hopkins Uni-
versity; Woman’s College of Baltimore.
CATALOGUE OF SPECIFIC NAMES EMPLOYED BY WRITERS UPON THE
NEOCENE CORALS OF THE UNITED STATES.
Page
Anthophyllum lineatum Lonsdale, 1845, Astrangia lineata (Conrad) .......-.. 187
lineatum Lyell, 1845, Astrangia lineata (Conrad).----..----.---- 187
lineatum Bronn, 1848, Astrangia lineata (Conrad).----.....----- 188
Antillia biloba (Duchassaing) Gane 1895. .....---- We SL ee ee 186
bilobata Duncan, 1864, Antillia biloba (Duchassaing) -....-...----.---- 186
bilobata Duncan, 1868, Antillia biloba (Duchassaing)-.--..--.---------- 186
bilobata Pourtales, 1875, Antillia biloba (Duchassaing)....-.---.------ 186
quesdesii Duchassaing and Michelotti, 1866, Antillia biloba (Duchas-
BALMS) 0 oe SS ars a ai elnyeie nisin stale re ereticterere (ote slei See eter eee enone 186
Astrea bella Tuomey, 1857, Cenangia bella (Conrad) .-...-..---.---..-------- 189
bella Holmes, 1860, Cenangia bella (Conrad) ......---..---------.----- 189
marylandica Conrad, 1846, Cenangia marylandica (Conrad) ---.--..---- 190
marylandica Lonsdale, 1847, Cenangia marylandica (Conrad) -.-...----- 190
marylandica Tuomey and Holmes, 1857, Cwnangia marylandica (Con-
TNO een ae ee cS Ie ENE ena MAO AES aS Coan Snes GOOG 190
marylandica Meek, 1864, Cenangia marylandica (Conrad) .-...-.--.---- 190
1 Trans. Am. Phil; Soc., new ser., V, p. 338, orin the Reprint of the Geology of the
Virginias, p. 667.
NO. 1193. SOME NEOCENE CORALS—GANE.
Astrangia astrwiformis Edwards and Haime, 1850, Gane, 1895. ...--.---------.
astreiformis Edwards and Haime, 1857 - ......-.-- See aaee
astreiformis Verrill, 1863, Astrangia astre@iformis Sse) ana Haime.
astreiformis Pourtalés, 1871, Astrangia astrwiformis Edwards and
? bella Edwards and Haime, 1857, Caenangia bella (Conrad) .....--..
? bella Edwards and Haime, 1857, Septastrwa. sexradiata (Lonsdale) -
? bella de Fromentel, 1861, Cenangia bella (Conrad) .....-----.-----
? bella de Fromentel, 1861, Septastrwa sexradiata (Lonsdale)-....-.-.
linenia (Commech) Carne, W8.5556 6560 vosedo cos5 cese Seo vuoobacoes ET
? marylandica Edwards and Haime, Canangia marylandica (Conrad) .
Astrea sp. Rogers, W. B. and H. D., 1837, Septastrwa sexradiata (Lonsdale)...
sp. Rogers, W. B. and H. D., 1884, Septastrwa sexradiata (Lonsdale). --
Astrea bella Conrad, 1841, Canangia bella (Conrad) .....--..---.-------------
bella Conrad, 1842, Cenangia bella (Conrad) ...-......-------.---- <---
bella Meek, 1864, Coenangia hella (Conrad) ......-...-.-.----.---------
hirtolamellata? Lyell, 1845, Cenangia marylandica (Conrad) ----..------
hirtolamellata Lonsdale, 1845, Cenangia marylandica (Conrad) .--..----
marylandica Conrad, 1841, Cenangia marylandica (Conrad) ....-.---- --
marylandica Conrad, 1842, Canangia marylandica (Conrad) ....---- ----
marylandica Tuomey, 1848, Cenangia marylandica (Conrad) ...--------
Astrhelia palmata Edwards and Haime, 1849, Astrohelia palmata (Goldfuss). --
palmata Edwards and Haime, 1850, Astrohelia palmata (Goldfuss). - - -
palmata Edwards and Haime, 1851, Astrohclia palmata (Goldfuss) -- --
palmata Bronn, 1853-56, Astrohelia palmata (Goldfuss) --.-------.----
Astrohelia palmata, Edwards and Haime, 1857, Astrohelia palmata (Goldfuss). -
palmata Meek, 1864, Astrohelia palmata (Goldfuss)..--.....--.------
pola (Cochin) Cee, Weis s66s5oqcace0 ceo sanicss ous coocoucedoss
Astroitis sexradiata Dana, 1846, Septastrea sexradiata (Lonsdale) .....---------
or Pleiadia marylandica Dana, 1846, Cenangia marylandica (Conrad).
Caryophyllia lineata Conrad (manuscriptlabel), 1845, Astrangia lineata (Conrad)
(allied to family of ) Dana, 1847, Canangia marylandica (Conrad)
Circophyllia species 3, Lonsdale, manuscript, 1854, Aniillia (TEESE DONE SSCS
BMG! WHENONOBA). coossosdeccousboedsos nba 6a0Go6 Gadd 5555 codeuu GoobED conSIoDad
Clagacore polbinecnt: Caine, Ns a4 sedans Sson Sab ssnceoodde G65b nnoCbo UaScueseaod
? lineata Meek, 1864, Astrangia lineata (Conrad).-.....--...----------
Cenangia bella Verrill, 1868, Cenanyia bella (Conrad) ....-....---.----------
aula, (Conmmeyel)) Ceyngy, shkey se oboe bs sesu eden secoeso sae obaEns GaboSE boUe
marylandica Verrill, 1868, Cenangia marylandica (Conrad) ...--.----
moampjanaica (Conrad) Gane yl Sob aacsencen oo enie cis ccis= = eee
Columnaria? sexradiata Lonsdale, 1845, Septastrwa sexradiata (Lonsdale)... ---
sexradiata Lyell, 1845, Septastrwa sexradiata (Lonsdale) ....-.- ----
sexradiata Bronn, 1848, Septasirwa sexradiaia (Lonsdale)..------.--
iDesmapibg lon: woallioorse Cannes saa eGo c665.G080 cobs Conbeo Sodas HooeoBbEsues
Dipsastrea hirtolamellata Bronn, 1848, Cenangia marylandica (Conrad) .-..-----
Glyphastrea forbesi Duncan, 1886, Septastrwa sexradiata (Lonsdale) ..------.. --
sexradiata Duncan, 1887, Septastrwa sexradiata (Lonsdale) ......--
forbesi Duncan, 1887, Septastrewa searadiata (Lonsdale) ...-..-----
Lithodendron lineatus Conrad, 1835, Astrangia lineata (Conrad)....------------
lineatum Conrad, 1846, Astrangia lineata (Conrad).-.-..-..-.-----
Madrepora palmata Goldfuss, 1826-33, Astrohelia palmata (Goldfuss)....-. ----
palmata Blainville, 1834, Astrohelia palmata (Goldfuss) ..----.-----
palmata Lamarck, 1836, Astrohelia palmata (Goldfuss) ...---..-----
ORIGRE jolwocennea, Caine, IOs co5cdeseeo obbba0 5566 aa 0005 S5eE Boob beCoDdeSeaSe
Montlivaultia guesdesii Duchassaing and Michelotti, 1861, Antilla guesdesi
(Duchassainc’ and Michelotti):---=. --c25- 22-2. 2. -- 22 scene sevcen ne 50006
189
194
187
190
194
194
189
189
189
190
190
190
190
190
185
186
186
186
186
186
186
194
190
187
190
186
192
188
189
189
190
190
194
194
194
184
190
194
194
194
187
188
185
185
185
192
186
198 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL
Page
Oculina palmata Ehrenberg, 1834, Astrohelia palmata (Goldfuss} »224- 5s 185
palmata Bronn, 1848, Astrohelia palmata (Goldfuss).......--..-------- 185
IEG ROKCTORAN OS OCUUGOGH OO, (CANT) Wee ea5e GaSe boGK45 6550 5565605455 boos Goon cea = ses- - 185
PhyllangiajlonidanaGaney'S95ese= sees es eee eee ete esse ee ee eee 191
Pleiadia or Astroitis marylandica Dane, 1846, Canangia marylandica (Conrad)-.- 190
Septastrwa forbesi Edwards and Haime, 1849, Septastrwa sexradiata (Lonsdale). 194
forbesi Edwards and Haime, 1851, Septastrwasexradiata (Lonsdale)... 194
forbesi Edwards and Haime, 1857, Septastrea sexradiata(Lonsdale)... 194
forbesi de Fromental, 1861, Septastrwa sexradiata (Lonsdale)..---.-. 194
forbesi Meek, 1864, Septastrwa sexradiata (Lonsdale).........-----.. 194
forbesi Hinde, 1888, Septastrwa sexradiata (Lonsdale) .....-....----- 194
? sexradiata Meek, 1864, Septastrwa sexradiata (Lonsdale) -..--..-.---- 194
secradiata Hinde, 1888, Septastrwa sexradiata (Lonsdale) .--.-.-.--- 1943
sexradiata (uonsdale) Gane 189o sess pease ee eee 194
subramosa d’Orbigny,-1849, Septastrwa sexradiata (Lonsdale) ...--.. 194
subramosa d’Orbigny, 1852, Septastrwa sexradiata (Lonsdale). --.-.--. 194
Turbinolia biloba Duchassaing, 1850, Antillia guesdesi (Duchassaing and Miche-
lott) acs ssees eee as Sie ek SaaS SSS AS Ly iS eee fo eye 186
EXPLANATION OF PLATE.
PLATE XV.
Bigs, 1-3. Desmophiyllam nvillcoxt Gane conser = eee ia aaa 184
Fig. 1, view of a specimen from the side; altitude of specimen,
28 mm.; fig. 2. calice of the same, greater diameter, 32 mm.;
fig. 3, view of another specimen, looking at end of longer trans-
verse axis, altitude of specimen, 30 mm.
A-6. Ranacyathusivaughant Gane) = ee) oes ea ieee eee eee 185
Fig. 4, view of a specimen from the side, altitude, 6mm.; fig. 5,
calice of the same, greater diameter, 8 mm.; fig. 6, cost of
another specimen enlarged.
=O. RAY LlAngiaaflontd ana) Gane) aes vases selec oes ee ae eer ee eee 191
Fig. 7, general view, natural size; fig. 8, coste enlarged; fig. 9,
a calice, greater diameter, 6.5 mm. :
10-12. Cladocora johnsoni Gane. --..--.----2--. «+--+ --+- --- 2 -- ---- == -- 192
Fig. 10, view of a specimen, 11 mm. long; fig. 11, view of another
specimen, 7.5 mm. long; fig. 12, calice of the latter, diameter,
3mm,
U, S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXII PL. XV
NEOCENE CORALS OF THE UNITED STATES.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 198.
(ae
Tene
Exit
.
4
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iat
ey,
A NEW FOSSIL SPECIES OF CARYOPHYLLIA FROM CALI-
FORNIA, AND A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF TURBI-
NOLID CORAL FROM JAPAN.
By T. WAYLAND VAUGHAN, A. M.,
Assistant Geologist, U. S. Geological Survey.
iN NEW FOSSIL SPECIES OF CARYOPHYLLIA FROM CAL-
IFORNIA.
The coral described below was in some material sent by Mr. Ralph
Arnold, of Leland Stanford Junior University, to the U.S. National
Museum to be named. Mr. W. H. Dall kindly placed the specimen in
my hands for determination. As it proved to be undescribed, the
following diagnosis has been prepared.
CARYOPHYLLIA ARNOLDI, new species,
(Plate XVI, figs. 1, 2.)
Form of corallum slightly deformed inverted cone-shaped. A basal
scar present, but the coral in its later stages was evidently unattached.
Base subacute, calice nearly circular in transverse outline.
Dimensions.—Greater diameter of calice, 16 mm.; lesser diameter of
calice, 15.3 mm.; height of corallum, 16.5 mm.; depth of fossa, about
6.5 mm.
Coste very distinct, low, broad, rounded, or flattish, show no orna-
mentation, but the specimen is worn and they were probably minutely
granulated. There is a tendency to alternation in size, which is pro-
nounced near the base. There is no observable epitheca. The wall is
stout, solid, a distinct pseudotheca. The cost are wide and the inter-
costal spaces very narrow, simply furrows, and the septa are thickened
at the wall. The upper margins of the septa project very slightly above
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. XXII—No. 1194.
199
200 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
the upper limit of the corallum wall. There are four complete cycles
of septa (forty-eight in all), arranged as follows: Twelve large thick
septa, joined to the columella by very thick pali. The width of each
palus is equal to the width of its corresponding septum; the upper
margins of the palus stands about 2 mm. above the upper surface of
the columella, and fully 1 mm. above the notch dividing the palus from
the septal lamina. The width of the paliis about 2.5mm. From the
upper margin of the septum to the notch between septum and palus is
about 4.5 mm., may be slightly greater. Theinner ends of the pali are
fused solidly around the columella and to it. On the septal faces are
small granulations arranged in curves parallel to the upper septal mar-
gins. On the faces of the paliare granulated or serrated crests arranged
in curves parallel to the upper margins of the pali. Between each pair
of these larger septa are three smaller (one of the third cycle and two
of the fourth). The members of the third cycle are narrow above the
level of the upper termination of the columella; below this they widen,
but do not seem ever to reach the columella. The members of the fourth
cycle are narrow, and thin except where they arch over the walls. The
columella is essential, is composed of several pieces, trabeculze, which
are firmly soldered one to another and to the inner terminations of the
pali by solid basal calcareous deposit. From the upper margins of the
septa to the upper termination of the columella is about 6.5 mm.; that
is, the calicular fossa is about 6.5 mm. deep. The greater diameter of
the upper termination is 5 mm., the lesser 3.5 mm., above whose level,
as may be gathered from what preceded, the pali form a regular crown.
Locality—San Pedro Hill, San Pedro, California.
Geological horizon.—Pleistocene.
Type.—Cat. No. 157509, U.S.N.M.
A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF TURBINOLID CORAL
FROM JAPAN.
The specimen upon which the subsequent descriptions are based was
sent to the U. S. National Museum by Rev. H. Loomis, Yokohama,
Japan. Mr.W.H. Dall asked me to determine it, and as it proves to
belong to both a new genus and species, the following generic and
specific diagnoses have been prepared:
LEVIPALIFER, new genus.
Salient generic features.—Simple Turbinolid; corallum very short,
inversely conical in shape, almost discoid; no sign of attachment, living
free. Wall naked. Septa within the wall possess entire or faintly
crenate margins; external to the wall beset with rounded dentations.
Coste dentate, the dentations with blunt or rounded ends. Four com-
plete cycles of septa; palit are before all septa and have entire margins.
Columella essential, trabecular.
NO. 1194. TWO NEW TURBINOLID CORALS—VAUGHAN. 201
LEVIPALIFER ORIENTALIS, new species.
(Plate XVI, figs. 3-7.)
Corallum, without any sign of attachment, subdiscoid in form, the
base pointed. Transverse outline of the calice circular.
Dimensions.— Diameter, 20 mm.; altitude, 9 mm.
Cost well developed, thin, distant, correspond to all septa; those of
the first and second cycles of the same size; those of the third slightly
sinaller, and those of the fourth still smaller. They are rather tall at
the calicular edge of the wall, becoming lower as the base is approached.
Two cycles are continued to the apex of the base. The costal margins
are beset with rather tall, rounded or blunt dentations. In some
instances the ends of the dentations are swollen. Each dentation
marks the emergence on the surface of a small ridge (or stria) along
which are arranged rather tall but not very sharp pointed granulations.
The lateral faces of the cost are perpendicular to the corallum wall;
that is, the costz show no, or almost no, thickening at the wall.
There are four complete cycles of septa, arranged in six definite sys-
tems. Six of the septa stand isolated from the other septa and extend
directly to the columella. Between each pair of these six is a definite
group of septa belonging to higher cycles. Those of the third cycle
bend toward those of the second, and the members of the fourth bend
toward those of the third. Quite frequently the members of the fourth
cycle are longer than the inclosed members of the third. The longer
member of the fourth cycle for any given half system is the one stand-
ing next to the septum of the first cycle. This arrangement is the
common one in the Kupsammide. The fusion of the septa into the
groups above indicated is affected by the pali. The lateral ornamenta-
tion of the septa consists of ridges or strive, which possess a line of
_ divergence slightly interior to the wall and parallel to it, and granula-
tions placed along the striz. Within the line of divergence the striz
bend toward the interior of the corallum, and exterior to it they bend
outward, ultimately downward. On the inner side of the line of diver-
gence the septal margin is entire or shows very faint crenations.
Exterior to it each ridge is terminated by a dentation, not very
long just at the line of divergence, but quite soon the dentations are
larger. The dentations on the peripheral ends of the septa, that is,
the cost, have already been described. When one looks directly at
the edge of a septum the strizw are seen to alternate in position, and
the septum is usually faintly undulate in a direction parallel to the
long axis of the strie. The granulations are placed along the strize
and are arranged in curves parallel to the septal margin. The granu-
lations are rather tall, but are not sharp-pointed; their tips are blunt
or rounded. The septal margins project considerably above the upper
edge of the wall; the members of the first and second cycles are equally
prominent, and are more exsert than those of the third and fourth
202 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. - VOL, XXII.
cycles, which are equal in prominence. The septa are distant, thin,
weak, and show no marked thickening at the wall.
Pali are before every cycle of septa. Those before the first cycle
are the broadest. The pali belonging to each septal group included
between the members of the first cycle are deltoid in arrangement.
The arrangement is well shown in Plate XVI, fig. 6. The pali are
broad and are simple lobes, excepting usually there is an inner tooth
before the delta composed of the pali of each group of septa of the
third and fourth cycles. The margins of the pali are entire. The trabec-
ular make-up of the pali is the same as that of the septa; each palus
has its own line of divergence, etc. The fusion of the septa into deltas
through the pali is effected usually by synapticula. Excepting these
synapticula the interseptal loculi are entirely vacant.
Some hints have already been thrown out as to the make-up of the
wall. It is entirely naked, imperforate, and rather thin, thickening
very little from internal calcareous deposit; no processes extending
inward from it between the septa (such as are quite common in some
Turbinolid genera) were seen. As the septa and cost do not thicken
in crossing the wall, this coral would be said to possess a eutheca. In
my mind the point to be emphasized is that the septa are distant and —
thin, and the connecting wall is also thin. The wall between the cost
possesses no ornamentation.
The columella is large, well-developed, trabecular, and spongy.
Locality.—Boshiu (Awa), eastern coast of Japan.
Type.—Cat. No. 19391, U.S.N.M.
Bathymetric distribution not known.
Remarks.—The natural group to which this coral belongs is very
evident. It is very closely related to Trochocyathus and Deltocyathus.
It is separated from the latter genus solely by possessing one more
crown of pali. The genus Leptocyathus Milne-Edwards and Haime,
was founded to receive the coral from the London Clay, designated by
them Leptocyathus elegans,' which, according to them, possesses dentic-
ulate pali before all cycles of the septa. The pali of Leptocyathus,
according to the figure (Plate III, fig. 6c), are small, and do not exhibit
a noticeably deltoid arrangement. There are other differences; the
septa are much thickened at the wall, and the cost possess very broad
bases. Pourtales? has described a species, found off Conch Reef and
Tennessee Reef, Florida waters, as Leptocyathus stimpsoni. I doubt if
this coral is really a Leptocyathus. It possesses many points of differ-
ence from the type species L. elegans, and certainly is not closely related
to the species here described.
It may be repeated that Levipalifer is most closely related to
Deltocyathus.
‘Monograph Brit. Foss. Corals, Paleontograph. Soc., 1850, pp. xiv, 21, 22, pl. 111.
figs. 6, 6a-c.
2T1l. Cat. Mus. Comp. Zool., No. LV (Deep Sea Corals), 1871, p. 12, pl. 11, figs.
1-3.
No. 1194.
TWO NEW TURBINOLID CORALS—VAUGHAN. 203
EXPLANATION OF PLATE.
[All drawings made by Dr. J. C. McConnell. |
PLATE XVI.
Figs. 1,2. Caryophyllia arnoldi, new species. Cat. No. 157509, U.S.N.M.
3=
Fig. 1, upright view; height of corallum, 16.5 mm.; fig. 2, view of calice
from above; greater diameter of calice, 16 mm.
7. Levipalifer orientalis, new genus and new species. Cat. No. 19391, U.S.N.M.
Fig. 3,view of base; diameter of base, 20 mm.; fig.4, upright view; alti-
tude, 9mm.; fig. 5, portion of costa and exsert portion of septum, looking
at edge, enlarged, shows character of granulations on the septal faces;
fig. 6, one complete system of septa, enlarged, shows the arrangement of
the pali; fig.7, view of the sides of a septum of the fourth cycle, and
one of the first cycle, showing } ali in profile, the septal granulations,
ete. Thenotch behind the pali is usually deeper than in the case of the
palus in the foreground.
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXII PL. XVI
NEW TURBINOLID CORALS.
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 203.
NOTES ON BIRDS COLLECTED BY DOCTOR W. L. ABBOTT
IN CENTRAL ASIA.
By HARRY C. OBERHOLSER,
Assistant Biologist, Department of Agriculture.
‘Dr. Abbott’s earliest collections of birds from Cashmere and Ladak
have already been fully treated by Dr. C. W. Richmond.’ Upon leav-
ing Madagascar, in 1895, Dr. Abbott proceeded again to Cashmere,
where he spent the remainder of the year—some four months—mostly
in places previously visited. Again, in 1897, he was there for a month
or So from about the middle of October, having come from Ladak, in
which latter region, at various localities, he had been collecting since
the middle of June.
As the ornithological results of these later visits to Central Asia, the
United States National Museum has duly received two consignments
of specimens; and at the request of the curator of the division of birds
a list of them is here presented. Although these collections number
together only 142 specimens, representing 62 species, they comprise
several birds of considerable interest and a number not previously
obtained by Dr. Abbott. All matter within quotation marks is to be
credited to the collector.
The writer is under obligation to Dr. Richmond for his uniform
courtesy during the preparation of this paper, as well as for permission
to make use of his notes upon several of the larger species.
Family LARID J.
LARUS BRUNNEICEPHALUS Jerdon.
Larus brunneicephalus JERDON, Madras Journ., XII, 1840, p. 25.
Two adult females in somewhat worn breeding plumage, from Tsokr
Chumo Lake, Ladak, at 15,000 feet altitude, July 13,1897. ‘Tris pale
greenish; orbital skin red; feet red; billdark red. Length, 163 inches.
A colony of 15 or 20 individuals at this lake. Nests not found.”
'Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1896, pp. 451-503.
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXII—No. 1195.
206 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
LARUS RIDIBUNDUS Linneus.
Larus ridibundus LINN2US, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 225.
One specimen, from the Valley of Cashmere. This is an adult male
in winter plumage, with no brown hood, and with dusky only ou aurie-
ulars; the black and white areas on primaries are very sharply defined.
“Trides blackish brown; feet red; claws black; bill red, the tip black.
Length, 16 inches.”
STERNA HIRUNDO TIBETANA (Saunders).
Sterna tibetana SAUNDERS, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1876, p. 649.
Two adult males: one from the Indus River at Mya, Ladak, 13,000
feet, September 11,1897; the other from Tsomoriri Lake, Ladak, 15,000
feet, July 29,1897. ‘‘ Length, 134 and 142 inches, respectively. Iris
dark brown; bill red, the tip black; feet red; claws black.”
Careful comparison with a large series of American and European
specimens indicates that the bird from Thibet, though not specifically
distinct from S. hirundo, is yet well worthy of separation as a geograph-
ical race, to which the name tibetana is applicable. This central Asian
form is much darker on the mantle and much less whitish on the nape;
the lower parts also are of a deeper gray, particularly on the flanks.
Family CHARADRITDAE.
OCHTHODROMUS INCONSPICUUS (Wagler).
Charadrius inconspicuus WAGLER, Isis, 1829, p. 651.
Charadrius pyrrhothoras GOULD, Birds Europe, IV, 1837, pl. 299.
Agialitis pamirensis RICHMOND, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X VIII, 1896, p. 589.
Six specimens (four adult males, one female, and one immature male)
from various localities in Ladak, at from 14,000 to 15,000 feet; taken
July 7 to 20, and September 8, 1597. Among the males the amount and
shade of the ochraceous on the crown varies considerably, and on the
upper tail-coverts of one specimen there is very little brown; otherwise
all are very similar. There are a few small flecks of white in the black
of the forehead and lores, particularly the latter, but this effect is due
to the wearing off of the black tips of the feathers, with its consequent
exposure of the white basal portions, and would probably not be notice-
able in fresh plumage. “Length, 74 to 74 inches. Iris dark brown;
bill, feet, and claws black.”
Dr. Sharpe dismisses the female of this species with the remark that
it is “similar to the male;”! but as a matter of fact it differs very notice-
ably in having the black of the forehead and lores replaced by pale
ochraceous brown mixed with white, that of the subocular and auricu-
lar regions by dull brown. The crown is also duller, the breastband
' Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, p. 228.
NO. 1195. BIRDS FROM CENTRAL ASIA—OBERHOLSER. 207
paler, the collar on hind neck narrower and less well defined. The
young bird resembles the adult female, but is darker brown above, with
buffy ochraceous margins to all the feathers; there is also more buffy
on the sides of the head, the breastband is paler, and the entire lower
surface, with the exception of the crissum, is more or less tinged with
buffy. .
Careful comparisons with the type of Dr. Richmond’s Wgialitis
pamirensis prove beyond a doubt that it is the same as the bird Dr.
Sharpe identifies! as pyrrhothorax of Gould. When Dr. Richmond
described his pamirensis he had not access to the volume of the British
Museum Catalogue containing the Limicole; and the species is synon-
ymized with mongolus in Seebohm’s Geographical Distribution of Plo-
vers, Sandpipers, and Snipes. Since no specimens of pyrrhothorax at
that time existed in the United States National Museum collection,
the mistake was of course a very natural one. The correct specific
name of this species seems to be inconspicuus Wagler,’ the description
and probable locality pointing to this identification, and this name
antedating pyrrhothorax Gould by eight years.
Family SCOLOPACID..
GALLINAGO SOLITARIA Hodgson.
Gallinago solitaria HopGson, Gleanings in Science, ITI, 1831, p. 238.
One male of this handsome snipe was taken on December 10, 1895,
in the Valley of Cashmere. “Iris dark brown; bill plumbeous, tip
black; feet and legs pale yellowish green; toes black. Length, 124
inches.”
HELODROMAS OCHROPUS (Linnzus).
Tringa.ocrophus (err. typ.) LINN&%US, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 149.
Totanus ochropus TEMMINCK, Man. d’Orn., 1815, p. 420.
One specimen in winter plumage, from the Valley of Cashmere.
“Tris dark brown; feet and legs olive plumbeous; claws black; bill
black, olive at base. Length, 94 inches.”
TOTANUS TOTANUS EURHINUS, new subspecies.
Chars. subsp.—Like true Totanus totanus, but very much larger.
Description.—Type, male, adult, Cat. No. 162823, U.S.N.M.; Lake
Tsomoriri, Ladak, 15,000 feet, July 29, 1897; Dr. W. L. Abbott. Above
rufescent broccoli brown, the feathers everywhere with dark brown
centers, the back more or less irregularly barred with the same; rump
pure white, sparingly marked with brownish; tail and upper tail-
coverts dull white, heavily barred with sepia brown, the terminal
1 Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, p. 226. 2 Isis, 1829, p. 651.
208
portion of central tail-feathers buffy; wings fuscous, the innermost
secondaries like the back and barred on exposed portions with dark
brown; remainder of secondaries white, but pale brown on concealed
bases; greater coverts white or grayish distally, brownish gray basally,
and barred with sepia; median coverts brownish gray, barred with
sepia; lesser coverts almost plain; lower surface white, more or less
heavily marked throughout with sepia, these markings taking on throat
and breast the form of broad streaks, on flanks, sides, and crissum of
bars, and elsewhere of more or less irregular spots; lining of wing white,
varied with brownish, except on axillars.
The form of Totanus totanus' inhabiting Central and Eastern Asia,
although seemingly identical with the European bird in color and mark-
ings, is yet so much larger, particularly in length of wing, tail, and eul-
men, that its separation as a subspecies appears to be warranted. All
of the many names which the species possesses are without doubt exelu-
sively applicable to the European bird, thus leaving the Eastern form
without a name. The following table of millimeter measurements
presents the difference between the two races:
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
Totanus totanus totanis.
ess sy one . Exposed Middle.
Sex. | Locality. Wing. Tail. einen Tarsus. a
Female ........ lelEMMEey IMEC) Soconcaaoaaooesene 156 62 46 50 30
WMscccopasn|lsecas (Mime caomocsconsuueradsouaesade 158 64 39 44 28
Maller. ea saercal teres (OSB sas soscBarenpouEoanrans 152 65 41 45 30
Does esre sae COM RSA ee econ eects 151 62 40 41 29
AD Sosnoecay MMW) sosasdosoueDEuscodeoneEoss 150 G4 41 47 30
Average (5 specimens) -...-.----.----------.| 153.4 63.4 41.4 45.4 29.4
Totanus totanus eurhinus.
Q : 5 ; Ex Chios Middl
Sex Locality. Wing. Tail ee Tarsus. he ©
Female .-....--.. Kashgar, Turkestan ...-.......-- 160 69 44 44 28
ORGS ee Lake Tsomoriri, Ladak .....----- 170 67 51 51 32
Mia esses owe | ate COR sees ee ease ae omeaaee 160 65 44 47 30
DOE eae ealiaees a Oe SARS eI aps soma 163 | 67 47 45 31
Wosseanesn? HanléSWatlakesssseese eee eeeeeae 162 66 47 49 30
AV erase) (O) SPECIMENS) ) ss -(e)-ceeaee see eseeee 163 | 66.8 46.6 47.2 30. 2
|
Four specimens of Totanus t. eurhinus, including the type, are in the
present collection; three of these are from Lake Tsomoriri, Ladak, at
15,000 feet; the other from Hanlé, Rupshu, Ladak, 14,000 feet; and all
are summer birds. ‘ Length of male, 114 inches; of female, 113 inches;
bill black, orange brown at base beneath; iris dark brown; feet
orange red; claws black.”
Le
1 Scolopac totanus Linnzus, Syst. Nat., LOth ed., I, 1758, p. 145 (—Totanus calidris
auct.).
No. 1195. . BIRDS FROM CENTRAL ASIA—OBGERHOLSER. 209
Family ANATID A,
QUERQUEDULA QUERQUEDULA (Linnzus)
Anas querquedula LINN.£US, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 126.
Querquedula querquedula Batrp, Am. Journ. Sci. and Arts, XLI, 1866, p. 339,
One apparently adult female, from Rupshu, Ladak, at 13,000 feet,
September 9, 1897. ‘ Length, 16 inches.” The white of the throat is
quite pure, but that of the posterior lower surface is decidedly grayish,
as the bases of the feathers show through the overlaid white tips.
CASARCA CASARCA (Linnzus).
Anas casarca LINNEUS, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., III, App., 1768, p. 224.
Casarca casarca ALLEN, Auk, XIII, 1896, p. 164.
One adult female, from Tsokr Chumo Lake, Ladak, taken July 11,
1897. The plumage of this example is much worn, and the colors of
back and head much bleached. ‘“ Bill and feet black. Length, 24
inches.”
Family PHASIANID 4.
PUCRASIA MACROLOPHA BIDDULPHI (Marshall),
Pucrasia biddulphi MARSHALL, Ibis, 1879, p. 461.
One example, from the Pir Panjal Range, Cashmere, at an altitude of
8,00) feet. This is an immature male, and is molting about the head.
“Tris dark brown; feet leaden; claws dark leaden. Length, 184 inches.”
LOPHOPHORUS REFULGENS Temminck.
Lophophorus refulgens TEMMINCK, Pig. et Gall., II, 1813, p. 355.
One adult male from near Bandipoor, Cashmere, October 6, 1895.
“Length, 294 inches; weight, 65 pounds.”
TETRAOGALLUS TIBETANUS Gould.
Tetraogallus tibetanus GOULD, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1853, p. 47.
One adult male, from Takalungla, Ladak, at the remarkable altitude
of 17,000 feet. ‘Feet brick red; claws dark horn brown; orbital skin
dull orange; iris dark brown; bill horny orange.”
Family COLUMBID.
COLUMBA RUPESTRIS PALLIDA Rothschild and Hartert.
Columba rupestris pallida ROTHSCHILD and HARTERT, Ornith. Monatsber., I, 1893,
p. 4.
Three specimens from Ladak: two of these are from Gya, at 14,000
feet, the other from Hanlé Goupa. “Bill black; cere powdery white;
feet red, claws blackish horny; iris, male. orange red; female, brick red.
Prov. N. M. vol. xxii——14
2910 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
Common about villages and cultivation [Gya]; common throughout
Rupshu up to 16,000 and 17,000 feet. It comes picking around the
camps and sheepfolds of the Champas.” These examples are identical
with others from Cashmere and the Thian Shan Mountains previously
obtained by Dr. Abbott, and recorded by Dr. Richmond as true
rupestris.' They are, however, undoubtedly referable to Columba r.
pallida, exhibiting all the characteristics of that race.
TURTUR SURATENSIS (Gmelin).
Columba suratensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 778.
Turtur suratensis STRICKLAND, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1842, p. 168.
One adult male, from the Valley of Cashmere. ‘Iris dull red; bill
black; feet livid purple; length, 113 inches.”
Family VULTURID.
GYPS HIMALAYENSIS Hume
Gyps himalayensis HUME, Rough Notes, I, 1869, p. 14.
Two specimens accompanied by the following data.
‘Male, Lolab, Cashmere, November 3, 1895; 8,000 feet. Iris mottled
brownish gray; bill pale greenish horn; cere dark gray horn; bare skin
on throat pale blue; feet pale greenish; claws blackish. Length, 463
inches; extent, 110 inches; weight, 21 pounds.”
‘‘ Female, Sind Valley, Cashmere, December 13, 1895; 6,000 feet. Iris
dark brown; bill pale greenish horny (like jade); cere horny blachish
brown; bare skin of head pale blue; feet pale greenish slate color;
claws black. Length, 46 inches; extent, 107 inches; weight, 19
pounds.”
The male seems to be adult, although the crop patch is quite dark
brown instead of whitish fawn color; the female, judging from the
darker colors on the upper parts, appears to be more or less immature.
Family FALCONID A.
CERCHNEIS TINNUNCULA INTERSTINCTA (McClelland).
Falco interstinctus MCCLELLAND, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1839, p. 154.
Two adult males of this handsome falcon: one from Zogila Pass,
Cashmere, at 10,500 feet; the other from Machalung, Indus Valley,
Ladak. The latter specimen is a bird in process of molt (September
17). ‘Its stomach contained lizards.”
Specimens of the kestrel from Cashmere and Ladak are much darker,
particularly above, than those from Europe, and should apparently bear
the subspecific name interstincta McClelland. This race was originally
described from specimens obtained in Assam, and it undoubtedly occu-
‘Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1896, p. 587.
No. 1195. BIRDS FROM CENTRAL ASIA—OBERHOLSER. 911
pies at least the whole of the Himalaya region, with very probably a
large part of India. Birds from the Thian Shan Mountains and east-
ern Turkestan are, however, paler, and apparently must be referred to
the European form.
FALCO PEREGRINUS Tunstall.
Faleo peregrinus TUNSTALL, Orn. Brit., 1771, p. 1.
Three specimens, all from the Valley of Cashmere. “Iris dark
brown; bill horny blue, black at tip, greenish yellow at base; cere and
eyelids yellow; feet yellow; claws black. Length of male, 16} inches;
of female, 184 inches; weight of female, 25 pounds. Crop and stomach
of latter contained the remains of a teal.”
One of these examples, which is apparently not quite adult, is
darker above than the others, with the markings below larger as well
as more numerous, and with a conspicuous tinge of ochraceous on the
abdomen. There seems to be little or no difference between similar
plumages of the birds from Asia and Europe. Our limited materia
indicates that European specimens are less bluish above and darker on
the head; but this distinction very possibly would not prove constant
in a larger series.
The Falco peregrinus of Tunstall, as above quoted, is apparently the
earliest available name for the peregrine falecn, being 17 years prior
to Gmelin’s names. Most of the new specific designations in Tunstall’s
Ornithologica Britannica are mere nomina nuda, but some, among
them Falco peregrinus, have references to Pennant’s British Zoology,
and are thus rendered tenable.
MILVUS GOVINDA Sykes.
Milvus govinda SyKEs, Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1832, p. 81.
One adult male from the Valley of Cashmere, December 4, 1895.
“Iris brown; bill black, horny blue at base; cere pale horny; feet
dirty white; claws black. Length, 244 inches.”
HALIAZETUS LEUCORYPHUS (Pallas).
Aquila leucorypha PALLAS, Reis. Russ. Reichs, J, 1771, p. 454.
Haliaetos leucorypha KEYSERLING and Buiastus, Wirb. Eur., 1840, p. xxx.
Two specimens; one of them a male from the Hanlé River, Rupshu,
Ladak, taken September 2, 1897. ‘‘Length,505 inches. Poisoned while
feeding on the dead careass of a wild ass (Kiang).” The other example
is a female from Woolar Lake, Vale of Cashmere, September 16, 1895.
“Tris brownish gray; bill dull black; cere and base of bill grayish
white; feet dirty white; claws black. Length, 314 inches. Feeds on
dead fish and carrion; foully dirty.”
The plumage of the female has much ochraceous, the tips and edges
of the feathers everywhere being more or less tinged with either this
BMP PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
color or fulvous, darkest on the head and neck. The breast and abdo-
men are quite uniform ochraceous, the throat darker, more fulvous, the
erissum more brownish; the tail is almost plain blackish brown, mot-
tled somewhat with grayish near its base. The male is far from being
so deeply ochraceous above, the edgings on the feathers of back and
wings being whitish or buffy, producing a curiously mottled appear-
ance, and forming thus a conspicuous contrast to the plumage of the
female. Below the color is pale dull brownish, lighter and more ochra-
ceous on the abdomen and foreneck, darkest on the throat; tail black,
slightly tipped with whitish, and with a broad ill- defined nee of rife
gray and dull white across Hg middle portion.
HALIZZETUS ALBICILLUS (Linnzus).
Falco albicilla Linnaus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 89.
Haliwetus albicilla LEacu, Syst. Cat. M. B. Brit. Mus., 1816, p.9.
‘Iwo specimens, both taken in the Vailey of Cashmere, on December
19, 1895. ‘Male: Iris straw color; feet yellow; claws black. Length,
324 inches; weight, 8 pounds. Stomach contained remains of a green
woodpecker (Gecinus squamatus). Female: Iris straw color; bill and
‘cere horny yellow; feet yellow; claws black. Length, 343 inches;
weight, 10 pounds. Crop contained a thrush (Jerula); stomach con-
tained remains of thrushes and rats.”
Both of these specimens seem to be fully adult, their tails white ds.
tally, except for small dusky markings near ake ends of the feathers.
The many light tips, and some altogether paler feathers on both upper
and lower parts, give to the plumage in places a conspicuously mottled
appearance. These individuals appear to be perfectly identical with
one from Korea.
AQUILA BIFASCIATA J, E. Gray.
Aquila bifasciata J. E. Gray, Hus. Ind. Zool., I, 1832, pl. x v1.
Three specimens, all females, taken in the Valley of Cashmere,
December 20 and 22, 1895. “Iris dark brown; bill horny blue, tip
black; gape, cere, and feet yellow; claws black. Length, 31-32 inches;
weight, 74 pounds. This species is very common in the valley at this
season, and is very tame, sitting on the trees in the villages, probably
because rats are plentiful near the houses. The stomachs of two of
the birds taken contained remains of Mus rattus.”
Two of the present examples are apparently typical adults, one of
them evidently in process of molt both above and below. The remain-
ing specimen is seemingly immature, being darker than the others,
particularly on scapulars, wing-coverts, head, and under surface, while
the primary-coverts as well as the greater series lack any indication of
the paler tips characteristic of the adult. In this condition Aquila
bifasciata superficially much resembles A. chrysaétos, but is everywhere
paler; has fewer light fulvous feathers on occiput and nape; and the
No. 1195. BIRDS FROM CENTRAL ASTA—OBERHOLSER. 213
light ashy bars on the tail extend throughout, not leaving a broad
band of black at the tip.
The present writer is quite inclined to agree with Dr. Sharpe in his
identification ' of the present species with the Aquila mogilnik of S. G.
Gmelin;? but it is perhaps better, particularly in view of the confusion
existing through diversity of opinion, to abandon entirely the use of
Gmelin’s name, simply considering it unrecognizable—the course so
strongly urged by Mr. Blanford.? The proper name for the steppe
eagle will, of course, in such event be Aquila bifasciata Gray.
AQUILA HELIACA Savigny.
Aquila heliaca SAvIGNyY, Descr. de ’ Egypte, 1809, p. 459, pl. x1.
> Four specimens, all from the Valley of Cashmere, and taken in De-
cember, 1895.
‘““Nemale adult: Iris gray, mottled with brown spots; bill horny blue
with black tip; cere dull horny yellowish white; feet yellow; claws
black. Length, 32 inches; weight, 8} pounds. Crop and stomach filled
with the remains of Mus rattus.
‘Female adult: Iris gray, mottled with brown; bill horny blue, tip
black; cere dull horny yellow; feet pale dirty yellow; claws black.
Length, 324 inches; weight, 94 pounds. Stomach contained remains of
mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus).
“Immature [sex not given, but probably male]: Iris straw color,
mottled with brown on lower half; bill horny blue, black at the tips;
cere horny white, with a greenish tinge; toes pale yellow; claws black.
Length, 31 inches; weight, 54 pounds.
‘‘Kemale immature: Iris brownish gray; bill horny blue, the tip
black; cere horny yellow; feet yellow; claws black. Length, 31? inches;
weight, 7 pounds. Stomach contained remains of a grebe (Podiceps).”
In the two immature birds the dark streaking below is confined to
the jugulum, breast, and upper abdomen; in the supposed male it is
quite narrow, but in the female is so broad as to be in many places
confluent.
BUTEO FEROX (Gmelin).
Accipiter feroz 8. G. GMELIN, Nov. Comm. Ac. Sci. Imp. Petrop., XV, 1771, p. 442,
Dex
Buteo ferox CABANIS, Journ. f. Ornith., 1854, p. 260.
Highteen specimens of this very interesting bird were secured by Dr.
Abbott, all but one of them in the Vale of Cashmere. The series con-
tains no two individuals exactly alike, and represents apparently almost
if not quite all the principal variations of plumage to which the species
‘Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, p. 240.
2Noy. Comm. Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop., XV, 1771, p. 445, pl. x1 b
3 Ibis, 1894, pp. 283-286.
914 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
is subject. In view of this, it seems well to present a brief description
of each example, to ation are also added, as of interest, the original
label notes of the collector.
a. Male adult, December 4,1895. Very dark above and below; no
light spots on abdomen or thighs; some rufous streaks on throat, also
on nape; tail very dark, with no broad subterminal bar, the light inter-
spaces on central feathers so dark that the bars are but slightly indi-
cated. “Bill black, bluish at base; cere yellowish green; gape yellow;
}
|
eireilalt
irides pale brownish gray ; feet yellow; claws black. Length, 234inches; —
weight, 30 ounces. Stomach full of small frogs and grasshoppers; crop
contained 17 small frogs and 1 grasshopper. Thin and in poor con-
dition.”
b. Male adult, December 7, 1895. Very dark, with no spots on abdo-
men or thighs, but rich rufous edgings on the feathers of breast, lower
abdomen, and under tail-coverts; nape black and white with rufous
Streaks on sides; tail with very light gray, almost white, interspaces.
‘ Bill black, pale horny at base; gape yellow; cere orange yellow; feet
yellow; claws black; irides dark brown. Length, 214 inches. Exces-
sively fat.”
ce. Male adult, December 22, 1895. Somewhat like Jb, but much
lighter below, with buffy streaks on throat and breast; light interspaces
of central rectrices dirty gray. ‘Bill black, base horny blue; cere yel-
lowish green; feet yellow; claws black; irides brown. Length, 22
inches; weight 32 ounces. Stomach contained frogs.” Very fat.
d. Male adult, December 23, 1895. Very dark above and below, like
a, but abdomen relieved by a few whitish spots on the sides of the
feathers; some whitish mottlings on back and scapulars; a little more
rufous on head and nape, some also on throat and breast;: light inter-
spaces on tail feathers paler and grayer; tail with a broad blackish
subterminal band. ‘Bill black at tip, base horny blue; cere greenish
yellow; gape and feet yellow; claws black; irides dark brown. Length,
22 inches.” :
e. Male adult, December 27, 1895. Much like c, but rufous on throat
and breast decidedly darker; more of rufous on crown and a wash of
the same color on upper tail-coverts; gray interspaces of tail light, and
the black bars broken. ‘‘ Bill black, its base horny blue; feet yellow;
claws black; cere horny yellow; irides dark brown. Length, 21 inches;
weight, 34 ounces.”
f. Female adult, December 3, 1895. Throat, breast and nape rufous,
the throat variously mottled; feathers of thighs, abdomen and lower
breast with large whitish spots on each side of shafts; upper tail-
coverts blackish, with two to three rows of whitish gray bars; tail dirty
gray, with transverse markings of black. ‘“ Bill horny black, horny
blue beneath; cere yellowish green; feet dull yellow; claws black;
irides hair brown. Length, 232 inches: weight. 2? pounds. Excess-
ively fat.”
No. 1195. BIRDS FROM CENTRAL ASTA—OBERHOLSER. 215
g. Female adult, December 19, 1895. Almost like /, but having con-
siderable rufous mixed with the gray of the tail, and the interrupted
bars on upper tail-coverts pale rufous instead of grayish white. “Bill
black, base horny blue; gape yellow; cere horny yellow; irides dark
brown. Stomach contained frogs. Length. 2345 inches.”
h. Female adult, December 19, 1895. Very dark, like b, but with less
rufous on lower parts; under tail-coverts broadiy tipped with ochra-
ceous; tail much darker gray on light interspaces, with here and there
some tinge of rufous. ‘ Bill black, base horny blue; gape yellow; cere
horny yellow; irides dark brown. Length, 234 inches. Stomach con-
tained remains of frogs.”
a. Female adult, December 19, 1895. Similar to b, but lighter rufous
on throat, breast, and abdomen, mottled by lighter tips to the feathers;
tail with a rufous tinge in places, the dark bars on central feathers
almost V-shaped. ‘Bill black, the base horny blue; feet yellow; claws
black. Length, 23 inches. Stomach contained frogs.”
j. Female adult, December 24, 1895. Resembling c, but with more
rufous in the markings of the throat, breast, head, and nape; light
interspaces of tail paler and more grayish, with a considerable admix-
ture of rufous, the blackish bars much broken, the subterminal bar nar-
row, the light terminal one very broad. ‘Bill black, the base horny
blue; feet yellow; claws black; irides dark brown. Length, 24 inches,
weight, 24 pounds.”
k. Female adult, December 25, 1895. Almost like j, but with fewer
spots on abdomen; dark tail bars not broken, and terminal light bar not
very broad. ‘Bill black, the base horny greenish; cere dull horny
green; feet yellow; claws black; irides dark brown. Length, 24 inches;
weight, 3 pounds.”
l. Male immature, December 3, 1895. Throat and breast mingled
rufous and buff, but darker than in f/; abdomen and thighs with light
Spots; nape mixed dark brown and buff; tail gray and rufous, with the
black bars, excepting the subterminal one, much broken or obsolete, the
two central feathers with blackish streaks on sides of shafts and broken
crossbars on their outer borders. ‘Bill black, horny blue at base; gape
yellow; cere greenish; feet yellow; claws black; irides hair brown.
Length, 214 inches; weight, 2 pounds.”
m. Male immature, Sind Valley, Cashmere, at 6,000 feet, December
12,1895. Light below, but with a motted band of dark rufous across
the middle of under surface, the brown and rufous markings darker and
heavier than in 0; thighs very deeply colored, the feathers with rufous
margins; inferior tail-coverts buffy, with some rufous markings; cen-
ter of nape with a patch of black, encircled by buff-bordered brown
feathers; rump, black and upper tail-coverts blackish, the two last with
light rufous tips to the feathers; scapulars dark, with buffy and rufous
edgings; tail with some rufous touches on all the feathers, the dark
bars wavy and irregular. ‘Bill black, horny blue at base; cere yel-
216 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
lowish green; gape yellow; feet yellow; claws black; irides dark
brown. Length, 213 inches.”
n. Male immature, December 25, 1895. Almost exactly like p, but
forehead very dark; under tail-coverts nearly all rufous; gray of tail
replaced wholly by rufous; black tail bars very much broken, and to
some extent obsolete, the subterminal black bar narrow. “Bill black,
bluish horny at base; cere dull horny green; feet yellow; claws black;
irides dark brown. Length, 202 inches; weight, 34 ounces. Crop full
of frogs.”
o. Female immature December 8, 1895. Very pale buff below, with
hair-like shaft lines on throat, wider streaks on breast, and still broader
markings of brown on sides of abdomen; much reddish brown on
thighs; under tail-coverts buffy white; upper parts light sandy brown,
the feathers with dark centers and yet darker shaft lines; superior tail-
coverts with a slight tinge of rufous; tail dusky gray, with lighter
interspaces and no broad subterminal dark bar. “ Bill black, blue at
base; cere and gape pale yellowish green; feet yellow; claws black;
irides pale straw color. Length, 23%inches. Stomach contained remains
of a large rat (Neosocia bengalensis).”
p. Female immature, December 18, 1895. Under parts with a strong
wash of rusty; throat and breast with narrow streaks of dark brown,
and larger markings on abdomen; thighs and sides of body very dark
brown, the feathers bordered with rufous; nape with a black and
rusty spot; back and head deep brown, most of the feathers with broad
margins and tips of buffy, though some with rufous edgings; upper
tail-coverts dark brown, the feathers with ochraceous tips; tail with
a considerable rufous wash, the dark bars nearly obliterated on the
central and on some of the lateral rectrices. ‘ Bill black, base horny
blue; cere greenish; feet yellow; claws black; irides brown. Length,
24 inches. Stomach contained remains of mice.”
q. Female immature, December 22, 1895. Very light below, like a,
but brown spots on abdomen heavier and more numerous; tail much
lighter, with its dark bars narrower and with no broad subterminal
bar. ‘ Bill black, base horny blue; cere pale yellowish green; gape
dull yellow; feet yellow; claws black; irides grayish white. Length,
24 inches; weight, 34 ounces. Stomach contained remains of frogs
and mice.”
ry. Female immature, December 24, 1895. Rufescent below, as in p,
but streaks on throat broader; breast and abdomen with conspicuous
dark spots; thighs very dark; top of head deep brown, but nape light;
upper tail-coverts with broad rufous tips, as in p; light interspaces on
tail grayish white with very little rufous, the dark bars almost
V-shaped. ‘ Bill black, base horny blue; cere dull horny green; feet
yellow; claws black; irides pale mottled brown. Length, 26 inches;
weight, 3 pounds. Stomach contained a mouse.”
The changes of plumage in this species are not a little puzzling.
No. 1195. BIRDS FROM CENTRAL ASTA—OBERHOLSER. Dalek
There seem to be, however, four principal phases: One in which the
lower parts are very light colored, with little or no rufous, and with
comparatively inconspicuous streaking; another, in which the under
surface has more rufous, is much streaked anteriorly and barred or
mottled posteriorly; a third, in which the entire lower surface is almost
without obvious streakings, being rufous on throat and breast and dull
brown on the hinder portions; and a fourth, in which the whole plumage
above and below is almost uniform sooty brown. Connecting these sev-
eral places there exists an almost unbroken series of intermediates.
Doctor Sharpe considers that the last-mentioned condition is the very
old bird,! and that each individual is very light when young, gradually
darkening with advancing years. The present series of specimens
offers much to corroborate this theory, and very little, if indeed any-
thing, tooppose. The birds in the first of the above-mentioned phases,
are without any doubt very young, and those of the last two are just
as unquestionably adults. Those uf the second phase are not so satis-
factorily determinable, but they seem to be in a transition state, although
how many years are required to assume this plumage must still, of
course, be a matter of conjecture. Were any of the darkest specimens
young birds they would easily establish a case of dimorphism very
similar to that of the American Buteo swainsoni, to which, in its various
phases of plumage, the present species bears no slight resemblance.
Without such examples, however, it seems premature to advance this
hypothesis as more than a suggestion, and in the light of our present
knowledge we must regard the various differences of plumage as the
result of age. Only one individual of this series has a completely red
tail, though several have a greater or less tinge of rufous. The old
adults, as also the very young birds, appear not to have a rufous tail;
so that unless we are in error as to the sequence of plumage, the rufous
tail belongs, rather curiously, to a transition stage.
In some conditions of plumage the present species is very difficult
to distinguish from Buteo desertorum, but the larger size of the former
will usually serve for identification.
ACCIPITER NISUS (Linnzus).
Falco nisus LINN US, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 92.
Accipiter nisus PALLAS, Zoogr. Rosso-As., I, 1826, p. 370.
Two examples. One is an adult male from Sind Valley, Cashmere,
at 6,000 feet altitude, taken December 14, 1895: ‘Iris and feet yellow;
claws black; bill black, the base horny blue. Length, 134 inches.” The
other is an immature female from Srinagar, Cashmere, December 30,
1895: “Tris yellow; bill black, horny blue at base; cere yellowish green;
feet yellow with a tinge of green on tarsus; claws black. Length, 153
inches. Stomach contained the remains of small birds. This hawk was
pursuing a jackdaw when shot.”
‘Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, p. 177.
218 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
The male is in fully adult plumage, and the rufous bars on the breast
are so broad as to be in places confluent. It is darker above than a
specimen from Egypt, but the present series indicates this difference
to be individual rather than geographical.
CIRCUS CYANEUS (Linnzus).
Falco cyaneus LINNZUS, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 126.
Circus cyaneus BOIL, Isis, 1822, p. 549.
One fine adult male of this pretty hawk was secured by Dr. Abbott
in the Sind Valley, Cashmere, December 11, 1895. “Iris golden yellow;
bill black, lower mandible horny blue at base; cere yellowish green;
lees bright yellow; claws black. Length, 183 inches. Stomach and
crop contained the remains of a thrush.” .
Family BUBONIDA.
SYRNIUM ALUCO BIDDULPHI (Scully).
» Syrnium biddulphi SCULLY, Ibis, 1881, p. 423.
Syrnium aluco biddulpht RicHMOND, Proce. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1896, p. 456.
One adult female, from “north of the Vale of Cashmere,” at 7,060
feet altitude, October 26, 1895. ‘Claws dull black; bill pale waxy
ereen, the cere slightly darker. Length, 183 inches. Crop contained
remains of a species of thrush (Jerula) and of some mice.”
BUBO BUBO TURCOMANUS (Eversmann).
Strix turcomana EVERSMANN, Add. Pall. Zoogr. Rosso-As., I,-1835, p. 3.
Bubo bubo turcomanus RICHMOND, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1896, p. 455.
One adult male from the Valley of Cashmere, December 27, 1895.
‘Iris golden yellow; bill black; cere dull blackish horny; claws horny
black. Length, 224 inches; weight, 3$ pounds. Stomach contained
some mouse hair.”
Family ALCEDINID Zi.
ALCEDO ISPIDA Linneus.
Alcedo ispida LINNEUS, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 115.
An immature male from the Valley of Cashmere. ‘Bill black; iris
dark brown; tarsi and soles of feet dull red; upper surface of toes
brown. Length, 6Z inches.” There seem to be absolutely no characters
even subspecifically to distinguish Alcedo bengalensis from A. ispida.
Family PICID 4.
GECINUS SQUAMATUS (Vigors).
Picus squamatus ViGorRS, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1830, p. 8.
Gecinus squamatus GRAY, Genera Birds, II, 1846, p. 438.
Two adult specimens in perfect plumage: one from the Valley of
Cashmere, the other from The Lolab, Cashmere, at 8,000 feet. ‘‘ Upper
No. 1195. BIRDS FROM CENTRAL ASIA—OBERHOLSER. 219
mandible horny brown at base, tip yellow; lower mandible yeilow; feet
dull olive; iris in two zones, inner zone red, outer pinkish white.
Length of male. 134 inches; female, 14 inches.”
Family ALAUDID 2.
CALANDRELLA ACUTIROSTRIS Hume.
Calandrella acutirostris HUME, Lahore to Yarkand, 1873, p. 265.
Two specimens, from Bazgo plain, Ladak, 11,000 feet. “Tris dark
brown; bill dark horn-brown above, yellowish at base beneath; feet
brownish fleshy; claws pale horn-brown. Common on this plain, in
pairs.” These examples are identical with those previously collected
by Dr. Abbott in Ladak and Tagdumbash Pamir but recorded by Dr.
Richmond as tibetana.'
From Calandrella brachydactyla and dukhunensis both acutirostris and
tibetana may readily be distinguished by the absence of deep buffy
tinge in the edgings of the exterior webs of the outermost tail-feathers.
Aside from the shape of the bill, a differential character apparently
quite unreliable by reason of the great range of individual variation,
tibetana may be separated from acutirostris by the pattern of the outer
pair of tail-feathers. In the former species the whole feather is white
excepting the basal third of the inner web and the extreme base of the
outer, which are obliquely blackish; in acutirostris the inner web of
the outer tail-feathers is largely blackish, the white occupying a diago-
nally terminal area equal to only about a fourth of the inner vane
and one-half the outer. Dr. Richmond’s inability satisfactorily to dis-
tinguish from tibetana the specimens he records as acutirostris® is
explained by the fact that he had no examples of tibetana, those with
which he made his comparison as such being all acutirostris.
ALAUDA ARVENSIS LEIOPUS (Hume).
Alauda leiopus HUME, Stray Feathers, I, November, 1872, p. 40.
Two breeding males from Shooshot, Indus Valley, Ladak, at 10,000
feet. Dr. Abbott reports them as “very common in the cultivated
fields.” These specimens do not differ from those obtained by Dr.
Abbott in Cashmere.
Owing to the unfortunate confusion which at present exists among
the races of Alauda arvensis, any determination must of necessity be
largely tentative; but so far as our series is indicative, the birds from
eastern Asia are larger and have more slender bills than those from
Cashmere and Ladak, the difference being apparently sufficient to war-
rant subspecific separation. Dr. Richmond used the name Alauda
'Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1896, pp. 467, 579.
2Tdem., p. 579.
2?) PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
arvensis intermedia (Swinhoe)' for this race, considering it not to differ
from the bird of eastern Asia, but stating that in the event of their sep-
aration the name guttata of Brooks would be the proper one for the
Cashmere form, since Alauda leiopus of Hodgson’? is a nomen nudum.
Mr. Hume, however, in an article on the skylarks of India differenti-
ates “the Leiopus type from Ladak, Thibet, and the higher Himalayan
plateau generally ;”* giving a diagnosis, and identifying his bird—which
he regards as the breeding form of the region mentioned—with leiopus
of Hodgson. As Hume’s name antedates A. guttata of Brooks, and
since it is a perfectly tenable one, notwithstanding the unavailability
of A. letopus Hodgson, the skylark of Cashmere and Ladak should be
called Alauda arvensis leiopus (Hume).
OTOCORIS LONGIROSTRIS Moore.
Otocorys longirostris Moors, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, p. 215, pl. cx1 (from the
Gould manuscript).
Three breeding birds from Ladak, taken, respectively, at Fotu-la Pass,
13,000 feet; Debring, Rupshu, 16,000 feet, and Tsokr Chumo Lake.
Male: “Bill black, leaden beneath at base.” Female: ‘ Feet black, soles
pale; bill dark horny, pale bluish horny beneath at base.”
Family ENICURID 2s.
ENICURUS MACULATUS Vigors.
Enicurus maculatus ViGORS, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1830, p. 9.
One handsome adult male, from Sind Valley, Cashmere, taken Decem-
ber 17, 1895, at 6,000 feet altitude. ‘Iris dark brown; feet and claws
white; bill black; length, 10% inches.”
Family CRATEROPID AE.
TROCHALOPTERON VARIEGATUM SIMILE (Hume).
Trochalopteron simile HUME, Ibis, 1871, p. 408.
Six specimens, from The Lolab and Lolab Valley, Cashmere, all taken
at an altitude of 8,000 feet. They are exceedingly uniform in color,
and present very strongly the subspecific characters of simile, the outer
portions of the wing-quills and tail-feathers being clear gray with
scarcely a suggestion of olive. ‘In length they range from 10 to 103
inches. Iris green; feet pale fleshy brown, or [in some] pale orange-
brown; bill black.”
'Proc. Zool Soc. Lond., 1863, p. 89.
2JTcon. ined. in Brit. Mus., Passeres, pl. 293 (No. 728).
’Stray Feathers, I, November, 1872, p. 40.
‘No. 1195. BIRDS FROM CENTRAL ASTA—OBERHOLSER. 291
Family ACCENTORID A.
ACCENTOR HIMALAYANUS Blyth.
Accentor himalayanus BLYTH, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., XI, 1842, p. 187.
Accentor altaicus BRANDT, Bull. Acad. St. Pétersb., I, 1843, p. 365.
One young male, from Mya, on the Indus River, Ladak, at 13,000
feet.
This bird is in first plumage, though wings and tail are full grown,
and may be described as follows: Upper surface dull buffy ochraceous,
rather more ashy on nape, darker on back; everywhere, except on
upper tail-coverts, mottled with darker, these markings largest on
back, duller and smaller on head and hind neck; tail fuscous, edged
externally with chestnut; wings fuscous, with broad margins of chest-
nut, the wing-coverts tipped with ochraceous; sides of head and neck
dull brown mixed with ochraceous; a poorly indicated superciliary
stripe of butty; chin buff, speckled with dusky; throat pale dull buff,
thickly marked with blackish; breast and jugulum deep ochraceous,
streaked with blackish; remainder of under surface plain buffy.
* Length, 64 inches.”
Though commonly known as Accentor altaicus, there seems to be no
reason why the earliest name for this bird, Accentor himalayanus Blyth,
should not be employed, since the original description is clearly perti-
nent enough to be tenable.
Family TURDID &.
SAXICOLA PICATA CAPISTRATA (Gould).
Saxicola capistrata GOULD, Birds Asia, 1865, Pt. 17.
Saxicola picata capistrata RICHMOND, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X VIII, 1896, p. 480.
One adult male from Kargil, Ladak, taken June 23, 1897, at 8,000 feet,
altitude. ‘Bill and feet black.” This bird is in rather worn plumage,
particularly on the head, but is apparently quite a typical specimen.
Intergradation with true picata makes necessary the trinomial desig-
nation here employed.
SAXICOLA OREOPHILA, new name.
Saxicola montana GOULD, Birds Asia, 1865, Pt.17 (nec Koch).
Seven specimens, all from localities in Ladak. Two of the three
breeding males are from Gya, at 15,000 feet; the other is from Debring,
Rupshu, at 16,000 feet, and all are in worn condition. An October male
from Nurla, in the Indus Valley, at 10,000 feet, is in freshly molted
plumage, and, besides having the black areas obscured by light tips to
the feathers, is elsewhere on the body strongly tinged with isabella
color, this particularly evident on the lower back, upper tail-coverts,
222 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX.
and under surface. Two of the three breeding females are from Gya, at
13,000 and 15,000 feet, respectively, and though in every other respect
typical, have the throat and sides of the neck, not including the chin,
dull brownish black, somewhat mixed with buffy, instead of the ordi-
nary dull buffy. The third female is from Tsokr Chumo Lake, at 15,000
feet altitude; the collector’s note on the label, “bill, feet, and claws
black,” is applicable to both males and females.
The name Savicola montana Gould, currently used for this stone chat,
is preoccupied by Saxicola montana Koch,' which is Monticola saxratilis
Linnzeus; and as there are no synonyms, the new name above given
becomes necessary.
PHGNICURUS ERYTHRONOTUS (Eversmann).
Sylvia erythronota EVERSMANN, Add. Pallas’ Zoogr. Rosso-As., II, 1841, p. 11.
Phonicurus erythronotus RICHMOND, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X VIII, 1896, p. 482.
One female in perfect fall plumage, from the Valley of Cashmere.
“Bill and feet black.”
PETROPHILA CYANA (Linnzus).
Turdus cyanus LINN.XUS, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 296.
-One adult male, in every respect apparently typical of this form,
from Saspul, Indus Valley, Ladak, at 10,000 feet. ‘Bill, feet, and
claws black; inside of mouth yellow.” The specimens recorded by Dr.
Richmond in his paper on Cashmere birds’? were, by inadvertence,
entered as Petrophila solitaria.
The very long wings appear sufficiently to distinguish the genus
Petrophila from Monticola.
MOTACILLA ALBOIDES Hodgson.
Motacilla alboides HODGSON, Asiat. Researches, XIX, 1836, p. 191.
Motacilla hodysoni HODGSON, in Gray’s Zool. Misc., 1844, p. 83 (from the Blyth
manuscript).
Three specimens. ‘Two of these, an adult male and female in breed-
ing plumage, are from Saspul, Indus Valley, Ladak, at 10,000 feet.
Dr. Abbott’s notes are: “Iris dark brown; bill and feet black. The
commonest wagtail hereabouts. In pairs; often on stony hillsides quite
a distance from water.” The third example is a winter male, with
white chin, taken in the Valley of Cashmere. ‘ Length, 72 inches.”
Mr. Hodgson’s Motacilla aiboides has priority over the same author’s
M., hodgsoni, and as his original description of alboides without doubt
2 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X VIII, 1896, p. 488.
No. 1195. BIRDS FROM CENTRAL ASIA—OBERHOLSER. 223
Family SYLVIID 4.
PHYLLOPSEUSTES HUMEI (Brooks).
Reguloides humet BRooks, Stray Feathers, VII, 1878, p. 131.
Phyllopseustes humii RICHMOND, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1896, p. 476.
One specimen from Leh, Ladak, 11,000 feet. ‘‘ Length, 48 inches.”
This is a fall bird, differing from a similar example from the Thian
Shan Mountains in being more brownish on the head, rump, and under
parts, this probably an indication of immaturity.
PHYLLOPSEUSTES AFFINIS (Tickell).
Motacilla ofinis (err. typ.) TICKELL, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., IT, 1833, p. 576.
Phyllopseustes affinis RICHMOND, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X VIL, 1896, p. 475.
One example, September 11, 1897, from Mya, Indus River, at 12,500
feet, is probably a bird of the year. The entire body plumage is
noticably paler than in two breeding birds from Cashmere.
PHYLLOPSEUSTES TRISTIS (Blyth).
Phylloscopus tristis BhyTH, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., XII, 1843, p. 966.
Phyllopseustes tristis MEVES, Journ. fiir Orn., 1875, p. 430.
Two perfectly typical breeding males; from Nimu, Indus Valley, and
Shergol, Ladak, respectively, both taken at an altitude of 10,000 feet.
“Feet brownish black; bill black, fleshy horn brown at base beneath.”
Family CINCLID.
CINCLUS ASIATICUS Swainson.
Cinclus asiaticus Swainson, Faun. Bor.-Amer., IT, 1831, p. 174.
One example, from the Sind River, Cashmere, taken at 6,000 feet.
“Length, 83 inches.” Not in any way different from Ladak specimens.
The name Cinclus asiaticus Swainson, as above cited, is a nomen
nudum; but as there remains some doubt about the proper designation
of the species, no change is here made.
CINCLUS CINCLUS CASHMERIENSIS (Gould).
Cinclus cashmeriensis GOULD, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, p. 474.
Cinclus cinclus cashmeriensis RICHMOND, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X VIII, 1896, p. 488.
One specimen, from Gya, Ladak, at 13,000 feet. ‘Front of tarsi and
top of toes lead color, rest of feet dull black; bill black. Length, 8
inches.” The head and cervix are of a warmer brown than in winter
Specimens, and the feathers of the flanks and sides lack entirely the
whitish edgings of the latter season.
224 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXI.
Family FRINGILLIDA.
EMBERIZA CIA Linnzus.
Timberiza cia LiNNALUS, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p.510.
Two specimens from Lamayuru, Ladak, taken June 26, 1897, at 12,060
feet altitude. ‘‘ Bill black, leaden beneath at base; feet pale fleshy
brown, with a reddish tinge; claws dark horn brown.—Common on the
bare stony hillsides and about villages up to 13,000 feet; always in pairs
at this season.”
These birds are typical cia, not stracheyi, which Dr. Richmond sur-
mised! to be the breeding form of the region.
EMBERIZA LEUCOCEPHALA Gmelin.
Emberiza leucocephalos GMELIN, Nov. Comm. Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop., XV, 1771,
p. 480, pl. xxi, fig. 3.
A pair of winter birds from the Valley of Cashmere. ‘ Upper man-
dible dark horny brown, lower mandible horny blue; feet pale fleshy
brown. Length of male, 74 inches; female, 62 inches.”
CARPODACUS SEVERTZOVI Sharpe.
Carpodacus severtzovi SHARPE, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1886, p. 354.
Two breeding specimens from Upshi, Valley of the Indus, Ladak, at
11,000 feet. “Iris brown; bill pale brownish horny above, whitish
horny beneath; feet in male black, in female dark fleshy brown.” Dr.
Abbott notes that he found the species “in pairs on the stony hillsides.”
CARPODACUS ERYTHRINUS (Pallas).
Loxia erythrina PALLAS, Nov. Comm. Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop., XIV, Pt. 1, 1770,
p. 587, pl. xxi, fig. 1.
Carpodacus erythrinus GRAY, Gen. Birds, II, 1844, p. 384.
One male from Tashgam, Ladak. “Iris brown; upper mandible
horny brown, lower mandible dull yellowish horny; feet fleshy brown;
claws horn brown.”
From the specimens available it is indicated that the birds of this
region are entitled to subspecific recognition by reason of their decidedly
brighter colors; but this material is too - meager to justify a formal
separation.
SERINUS PUSILLUS (Pallas).
Passer pusillus PALLAS, Zoogr. Russo-Asiat., II, 1826, No. xliii, p. 28.
Serinus pusillus BRANDT, Bull. Sci. Acad. St. Pétersb., I, 1843, p. 366.
Two examples, from Shooshot and from Shergol, Indus Valley,
Ladak, respectively, both taken at an altitude of 10,000 feet. ‘Iris
‘Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1896, p. 465.
No. 1195. BIRDS FROM CENTRAL ASIA—OBERHOLSER. 225
dark brown; bill brownish black; feet dull blackish. In flocks of 10
or 12, feeding on ground on bare, stony hillsides.”
These specimens agree perfectly with other adults, except that the
bright patch on the forehead is orange instead of scarlet, a condition
very probably due to the abrasion incident to the breeding season.
PASSER DOMESTICUS INDICUS (Jardine and Selby).
Passer indicus JARDINE and SELBY, II]. Orn., III, October, 1831, pl. 118.
Passer domesticus indicus SEEBOHM, Ibis, 1883, p. 8.
Two breeding specimens from Fotu-la Pass, Ladak, at an altitude of
12,000 feet.
LEUCOSTICTE BRANDTI Bonaparte.
Leucosticte brandti BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., I, 1850, p. 537.
Three summer specimers from Ladak: two of these are from below
the Kazuri-la, Ladak, at 16,000 feet, where Dr. Abbott reports the spe-
cies aS occurring in small flocks on grassy areas; the third individual
is from Gya, Ladak, at 14,000 feet. ‘Bill and feet black; iris dark
brown.”
MONTIFRINGILLA ALTAICA (Eversmann).
Fringilla altaica EVERSMANN, Bull. Naturforsch. Gesellsch. Moscau, XXI, 1848,
e219:
nla sordida STOLICZKA, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., XX XVII, 1868, p. 63.
One specimen from The Lolab, Cashmere. ‘Feet brownish black;
iris pale brown.”
An examination of the original description of Eversmann’s Fringilla
altaica, which Dr. Sharpe stated! that he was unable to discover, proves
beyond a doubt what was long ago affirmed by Severtzoff *— the priority
of the name altaica for the species commonly called Montifringilla sor-
dida (Stoliczka). Eversmann gives the southern Altai Mountains,
“ Umgegend des Dorfes Uimon” as the locality; and his diagnosis is as
follows: ‘ . rostro crasso conico; gastrwo fusco-cinereo, concolore; notco
fusco-liturato, capite ferruginoso; rectricibus nigricantibus concoloribus.
tectricibus caude superioribus apice lato albo.” Mention also is made of
affinity to Leucosticte arctoa and Fringilla montifringilla.
MONTIFRINGILLA ADAMSI Adams.
Montifringilla adamsi ADAMS, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, p. 482 (from the Moore
manuscript).
Three examples from Ladak: Fotu-la Pass, 12,000 feet; Upshi, Indus
Valley, 11,000 feet; and Phyang, Indus Valley, 11,000 feet. ‘Iris yel-
lowish brown; bill, feet, and claws black.”
1Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XII, 1888, p. 266 (footnote).
2Stray Feathers, I1I, 1875, p. 424: Ibis, 1883, p. 60.
Proc. N. M, vol. xxii 15
JAG PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
LINARIA BREVIROSTRIS PYGMEA (Stoliczka).
Linota pygmea STOLICZKA, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, XX XVII, Pt. 2, 1868, p. 62.
Five summer birds from Gya, Ladak, at from 13,000 to 14,000 feet.
According to Dr. Abbott’s notes the color of the feet ranges from
‘dark fleshy brown” to black; and the bill is variously “ pale brown-
ish fleshy,” ‘dull leaden,” or ‘“‘horny white,” always “ dark brown at
tip.” “Length, male, 53 inches.” With regard to their habits he states:
“In small flocks about the patches of cultivation and picking among
the horse.droppings in the road.”
These five specimens are exceedingly interesting, since they estab-
lish beyond a doubt the validity of Linota pygmca Stoliczka, a form
which has heretofore always been synonymized with JL. brevirostris..
Even casual comparison is sufficient to show that the two are at least
subspecifically distinct. The original specimens of pygmea came from
Chini and Padam, so that this form seems to be confined chiefly to
Ladak; L. brevirostris apparently occupying the region extending from
Asia Minor to Turkestan. The original wing measurement is smaller
than that of the present examples, but, excepting this and a few other
unimportant discrepancies, the original description of Linota pygmcea is
perfectly applicable.
From Turkestan and Tagdumbash Pamir specimens, which are
assumed to be nearly or quite typical brevirostris, pygmea differs in
being much darker, more fulvous throughout, this being most evident
on jugulum, breast, and back. One individual is rather paler than the
others, thus in a measure verging toward brevirostris and indicating
its subspecific relationship, but is without difficulty distinguishable.
The proper generic name for the linnets is apparently Linaria Bech- |
stein,! this being almost thirty years prior to to Linota Bonaparte? which
has been in frequent use for the group. Dr. Sclater, after showing
Linaria to be the earliest name,* rejects it on account of previous
employment in botany,* a course not in accord with current usage.
CALLACANTHIS BURTONI (Gould).
Carduelis burtont GOULD, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1837, p. 90.
Callacanthis burtont BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., I, 1850, p. 507.
One adult male, December 16, 1895, from Sind Valley, Cashmere, at
6,000 feet, differs from breeding males in the duller, more rosaceous
tinge of the lower surface. ‘Bill horny yellow, brown at tip; feet
pale brownish flesh color. Length, 74 inches.”
1Ornith. Taschenb., I, 1802, p. 121.
2Saggio Distr. Met. Anim., 1831, p. 141.
3 This, 1892, pp. 555 et seq.
4Tdem., p. 557.
No, 1195. BIRDS FROM CENTRAL ASITA—OBERHOLSER. MAT
PERISSOSPIZA'! ICTERIOIDES (Vigors).
Coccothraustes icterioides ViGORS, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1830, p. 8.
Pycnorhamphus icteroides HUME, Nests and Eggs Indian Birds, 1874, p. 469.
One adult male in perfect plumage, from Sind Valley, Cashmere, at
6,000 feet. ‘Iris hair brown; feet fleshy pink; claws horny brown;
bill green, slightly yellowish. Length, 9 inches.”
The generic term Pycnorhamphus Hume,’ commonly applied to this
and two allied species, is preoccupied by Picnoramphus Rosenberg,* a
synomym of Sphecothera Vieillot, the difference in the spelling of the
two names being simply one of transliteration. Since for Pycnorham-
phus there is no other name available, it may be called as above—Peris-
sospiza, from zepiooos, mirabilis, and ozita, fringilla. The remaining
species of this genus will consequently stand as Perissospiza affinis
(Blyth) and Perissospiza carneipes (Hodgson).
Family HIRUNDINIDA.
PTYONOPROGNE RUPESTRIS (Scopoli).
Hirundo rupestris Scopout, Ann. I. Hist. Nat., 1769, p. 167.
Ptyonoprogne rupestris REICHENBACH, Syst. Av., 1850, pl. LXXxviil, fig. 6.
One specimen, June 29, 1897, from Spittak, Indus Valley, Ladak, at
10,000 feet. ‘‘Feet pale brownish fleshy; iris blackish brown; claws
horn brown; bill dull black.” With a fair series of both Asiatic and
European specimens at hand, no difference worthy of subspecific recog-
nition is apparent.
The generic term Biblis,’ commonly applied to the crag martins when
they are distinguished from Riparia (=Cotile), is ineligible for use in
this connection, being preoccupied in Lepidoptera by Biblis Fabricius.®
The next available name is Ptyonoprogne Reichenbach,’ which should
therefore stand as the proper designation of the group.
DELICHON CASHMERIENSIS (Gould).
Chelidon cashmeriensis GOULD, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, p. 356.
Two specimens, taken July 4, 1897, at Upshi, Indus Valley, Ladak,
11,000 feet. ‘Iris dark brown; claws horn brown; bill black.” Dr.
Abbott notes that one of these examples belonged to a large colony
which was nesting in a bluff of conglomerate on the banks of the Indus.
As Dr. Reichenow has already demonstrated,’ the generic term Cheli-
!New name for Pycnorhamphus.
2Nests and Eggs of Indian Birds, 1874, p. 469.
3 Batavia Natur. Tijdschr. Neder]. Ind., X XIX, 1866, p. 143.
4Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., XXXII, 1819, p. 5.
5 Lesson, Compl. Buff., VIII, 1837, p. 495.
6 Tlliger’s Mag., VII, 1807, p. 281.
7 Syst. Av., 1850, pl. Lxxxvui, fig. 6.
8 Journ. f. Orn., 1889, p. 187.
228 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
don,' commonly employed for this and allied species, is clearly untena-
ble, being preoccupied by Chelidon Forster,? which is a synonym of
Hirundo Linneus. Delichon Moore® was proposed for the bird now
known as Chelidon nipalensis, but as this species appears to be not
generically distinct from C. urbica and its allies, the generic name
Delichon must be used for all. The only alternative is to restrict Deli-
chon to nepalensis and use Chelidonaria Reichenow* for the wurbica
group.”
Family PARIDA4.
ZEGITHALISCUS NIVEOGULARIS (Moore).
Orites (2?) niveogularis Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1854, p. 140 (from the
Gould manuscript).
Aigithaliscus niveogularis JERDON, Birds Ind., II, 1863, p. 272.
Four specimens of this handsome species, from the Sind Valley, Cash-
mere, at 6,000 feet. ‘Length, from 44 to 43 inches,” the female being
slightly smaller. ‘Iris dark brown; feet orange brown; bill black.”
Family STURNID 2.
STURNUS VULGARIS MENZBIERI (Sharpe).
Sturnus menzbieri SHARPE, Ibis, 1888, p. 438.
Sturnus vulgaris menzbiert RICHMOND, Proce. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1896, p. 573.
Two specimens from the Valley of Cashmere. ‘Iris blackish brown;
feet dark purplish brown; bill black. Length of male, 9 inches; of
female, 83 inches.” This is apparently an easily distinguishable race.
Family CORVIDA.
TRYPANOCORAX FRUGILEGUS (Linnzus).
Corvus frugilegus LINNEUS, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 105.
Trypanocorax frugilegus LocuE, Explor. Sci. Algér., Ois., I, 1858, p. 118.
Two adult males from the Valley of Cashmere, taken respectively on
December 24 and 27, 1895.
CORVUS CORAX Linnzus.
Corvus corax LINNEUS, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 105.
One male, from the Hanlé River, Rupshu, Ladak, at 15,000 feet.
‘‘Leneth, 264 inches.”
1 Boie, Isis, 1822, p. 550.
2 Synop. Cat. Brit. Birds, 1817, p. 17.
3 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1854, p. 104.
4 Journ. f. Orn., 1889, p. 187.
5 Reichenow, Ornith. Monatsb., 1899, p. 81.
NOTES ON SOME BIRDS FROM SANTA BARBARA ISLANDS,
CALIFORNIA.
By HARRY C. OBERHOLSER,
Assistant Biologist, Department of Agriculture.
During the spring and summer of 1892, Mr. Clark P. Streator, under
the auspices of the Biological Survey of the Department of Agricul-
ture, made a small collection of birds upon the Santa Barbara Islands,
California. Of these specimens, which are now in the United States
National Museum as part of the Biological Survey collection, the
writer has been able, through the kindness of Dr. C. Hart Merriam,
to prepare the subjoined list. The new forms obtained by Mr. Streator
have already been described; so it remains only to record the species
collected, with the addition of various critical notes upon those of
special interest.
The islands visited by Mr. Streator, with inclusive dates of his col-
lecting, are as follows:
Santa Catalina Island, April 9 to 29.
San Miguel Island, June 24 to 29.
Santa Rosa Island, July 1 to 3.
Santa Cruz Island, July 9 to 20.
PUFFINUS GRISEUS (Gmelin).
A single specimen, taken July 3, in the Santa Barbara Channel, is
in the collection.
LOPHORTYX CALIFORNICUS VALLICOLA (Ridgway).
One male and one female from Santa Catalina Island. They seem
rather darker and more ochraceous than extreme examples of vallicola,
but are identical with birds from the San Joaquin Valley. The species
has probably been introduced from the mainland.
COLAPTES CAFER (Gmelin).
An immature specimen from Santa Cruz Island apparently does not
differ from birds of the adjacent mainland, though the material at hand
for comparison is not entirely satisfactory.
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXII—No. 1196.
229
230 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
——-— er
SIBILANSIE IS IQS OS ALLENI Henshaw.
Two adult males in perfect plumage, from Santa Catalina Island are
identical with Nicasio birds.
SAYORNIS NIGRICANS (Swainson).
Three birds from Santa Cruz Island are all immature, with rufous
edgings to the feathers of lower back, under wing-coverts and all the
upper series; the innermost secondaries are also margined with a paler
shade of the same. Two adults taken on Santa THOSE Island add the
species to the fauna of this island.
EMPIDONAX INSULICOLA Oberholser.
Five specimens; from Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz, and Santa Catalina
islands; all mentioned in the original description of the species.! Since
that was published, the writer, through the courtesy of Mr. Joseph
_ Grinnell, has examined specimens from San Clemente Island, which are
substantially identical with those from the other islands.
OTOCORIS ALPESTRIS INSULARIS Townsend.
Twelve examples from San Miguel Island and one from Santa Rosa
are all in more or less worn plumage, but even in this condition exhibit
the distinctive characteristics of this insular race.
APHELOCOMA INSULARIS Henshaw.
A fine series of twelve adults and five immature specimens serves
very strongly to emphasize the distinctness of this species from both
of its mainland relatives. Not only areits characters very pronounced,
but among perfectly comparable examples there is relatively little
individual difference either in size or color. Many of the adults are
strongly tinged with brownish below, but this is undoubtedly an
adventitious stain, as it is absent on feathers of the fresh plumage.
All the adults are in process of molt and exhibit almost every stage
of feather renewal. The immature birds are all in “ first” plumage,
just beginning to change into perfect dress, and differ little from each
other. The plumage of the young, which seems never to have been
described, is as follows:
Above chocolate brown, shading into dull dark blue on crown and
upper tail-coverts, the transition on latter rather abrupt; wings and
tail as in the adult; sides of head and neck blackish brown; a short
' whitish line over each eye, the only indication of a superciliary; chin,
throat, and center of jugulum brownish white, the sides of jugulum
and an almost complete collar on breast dull blackish brown; remainder
of breast and abdomen smoke gray; crissum dark slate gray; thighs
light brown.
1 Auk, XIV, 1897, p. 300.
no.1196. BIRDS FROM SANTA BARBARA ISLANDS—OBERHOLSER. 231
CORVUS CORAX SINUATUS (Wagler).
One individual from Santa Catalina Island appears to be indistin-
guishable from typical specimens.
STURNELLA NEGLECTA Audubon.
Two specimens from San Miguel Island, one of them a female in the
spotted and mottled plumage of the young. The other, an adult male in
rather worn condition, seems not to differ from neglecta of the mainland.
It seems remarkable that anyone who has ever heard the striking
vocal performances of the western meadowlark should consider it a
subspecies of the eastern bird. And when there is taken into account
the fact that over a large area the breeding ranges of the two overlap,
the birds there remaining as distinct as elsewhere, and that the sup-
posed intermediate specimens ultimately resolve themselves into sea-
sonal or some other equally nonpertinent variation, the rational course
would appear to be the recognition of Sturnella neglecta as a full species.
CARPODACUS MEXICANUS CLEMENTIS (Mearns).
Fourteen specimens, from Santa Catalina, San Miguel, and Santa
Cruz islands, are referable to this new race. The males differ much
among themselves in the shade of the red on throat and breast, as well
as in the extent and intensity of the red suffusion on the anterior upper
surface, in some individuals this color being confined almost entirely to
the crown. There is also a considerable range of variation in dimen-
sions, inclusive of the bill, size being but an average subspecific dis-
eae The specimens examined are darker above than obscurus
= frontalis),' a SINE OEE not mentioned by Dr. Mearns in his original
ae 2
Birds in the juvenal eannace. are much more ochraceous, particularly
above, than adult females, and seem to be rather darker than the young
of obscurus. This plumage of clementis appears not to have been
described, and the following is therefore added, from a male shot on
Santa Ona Island, July 18:
Above dull brown, rather darker on the back, all the feathers with
ochraceous margins, these imparting a somewhat streaked appearance;
rump and upper tail-coverts almost plain deep ochraceous; wings and
tail fuscous, edged with buffy, the wing-coverts and innermost second-
aries margined with ochraceous; lores and subocular region buffy
whitish; sides of head and neck ochraceous, streaked with dull brown;
under surface dull white, washed with ochraceous and everywhere
streaked with dull brown; crissum buffy ochraceous, with narrow shaft
markings of brown.
1 See Oberholser, Auk, XVI, 1899, p. 186.
2 Auk, XV, 1898, p. 259.
9392 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
ZONOTRICHIA LEUCOPHRYS GAMBELI (Nuttall).
A paie of adults from Santa Catalina Island. This is the race for-
merly known as intermedia."
SPIZELLA SOCIALIS ARIZONZ® Coues.
Three specimens. Two of these are adults from Santa Catalina
Island, and are in color and in most of their measurements apparently
like the mainland form. The wings are, however, somewhat shorter,
but the difference seems too slight to warrant the separation of the
island bird. The third specimen, which is in the spotted plumage of
the young, is from Santa Rosa, and appears to be the first record of the
species for this island.
MELOSPIZA MELODIA CLEMENT (Townsend).
Kighteen specimens, including both adults and young, from the
islands of San Miguel and Santa Rosa. The adults are in worn pluin-—
age, but agree with examples from San Clemente Island, the type
locality of this race. The young exbibit much more individual varia-
tion than the adults, but on the whole present quite as good characters
for subspecific distinction. This juvenal stage, as is usual among the
song sparrows, is quite different in appearance from the adult, and may
be described as follows:
Above brownish gray, somewhat rufescent on the rump, the feathers
with deep brown or blackish centers, these broadest on back, where
they are margined conspicuously with pale grayish; head with no
evident median stripe; wings and tail about as in the adult; sides of
head and neck dull buffy white, considerably mixed with brown;
lower parts dull buffy white; jugulum, sides of throat and body, with
short streaks of brownish gray, less evident on the last.
The species appears not to have been previously recorded from San
Miguel Island.
MELOSPIZA LINCOLNII (Audubon).
A single adult female from Santa Catalina Island. The upper sur-
face is rather more than usually tinged with ochraceous, as are also
the posterior lower parts, thus almost obliterating the definition of the
pectoral band.
PASSERELLA ILIACA INSULARIS Ridgway.
One adult from Santa Cataiina Island.
PASSERELLA ILIACA MEGARHYNCHA (Baird).
Three typical examples from Santa Catalina Island.
peneesee —<
1 For change of name, see Ridgway, Auk, XVI, 1899, p. 36.
no.1196. BIRDS FROM SANTA BARBARA ISLANDS—OBERHOLSER. 233
PASSERELLA ILIACA STEPHENSI Anthony.
Although not recorded from any of the islands of the Santa Barbara
group, three specimens from Santa Catalina Island are undoubtedly
referable to this race, being of course migrants from the mainland, as
all the other forms of Passerella seem to be. Two of these individuals
are quite typical, the other verging somewhat toward megarhyncha.
All have a considerable tinge of brown over the entire upper surface.
PIPILO MACULATUS CLEMENT 4 (Grinnell).
Three examples from Santa Cruz Island, with one from Santa Rosa,
are in color like clementce, but differ in their somewhat smaller size. A
single bird in juvenal plumage is very little different from the similar
stage of megalonyx. Seven adults from Santa Catalina Island are
intermediate between clemente and the mainland coast form (P. m.
atratus) recently described by Mr. Ridgway, but seem to be nearer the
former.
LANIUS LUDOVICIANUS ANTHONYI Mearns.
A single specimen in juvenal plumage is darker above than even
ludovicianus of similar age.
HELMINTHOPHILA CELATA SORDIDA Townsend.
Hight males and two females were collected, all on Santa Catalina
Island. This fine series bears out the characters assigned by Mr.
Townsend, but shows also that these differences are not entirely con-
stant. The olivaceous wash on the flanks is one of the best distine-
tions.
MIMUS POLYGLOTTOS (Linnzus).
Three exainples from Santa Catalina Island show considerable indi-
vidual variation in the shade of the upper surface, but appear to be
absolutely indistinguishable from birds of the extreme eastern United
States. They are quite brownish both above and below, but this is
evidently due to wear or stain, perhaps to both.
SALPINCTES OBSOLETUS (Say).
The single specimen is from San Miguel Island and is not satisfac-
torily distinguishable from mainland specimens.
THRYOMANES BEWICKII CHARIENTURUS Oberholser.
Five examples from Santa Catalina Island. The slight and very
inconstant differences presented by the birds from this island as com-
pared with typical charienturus have been already fully set forth in a
previous paper,' and therefore need not be repeated here.
1 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1898, p. 436.
234 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXL.
THRYOMANES BEWICKII NESOPHILUS Oberholser
Ten specimens, from Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa islands. Al! tnese
were recorded in the writer’s recent paper on the genus.' Since the
appearance of that article additional material from Santa Cruz Island
has been examined, substantiating former conclusions with regard to
the validity of this form. It is certainly different enough from both
charienturus and drymecus to warrant recognition as a subspecies.
Two young birds from Santa Rosa are somewhat paler above than the
young from Santa Cruz Island.
HYLOCICHLA AONALASCHK (Gmelin).
One perfectly typical female from Santa Catalina Island.
1 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X XI, 1898, p. 448.
CATALOGUE OF A COLLECTION OF BIRDS FROM MADA-
GASCAR.
By HARRY C. OBERHOLSER,
Assistant Biologist, Department of Agriculture.
During a period of some eighteen months, extending from July, 1894,
to February, 1896, the Rev. James Wills formed a small collection of
birds in Madagascar. He worked chiefly in Imerina, in the east central
part of that island, most of the specimens coming from the various
forests in the more or less immediate vicinity of that locality. These
birds, numbering 110 and referable to 57 species, were eventually
purchased by the United States National Museum. In the list which
follows, the presence of the rare Lophotibis cristata and the little known
Ardeola xanthopoda seems worthy of note. Pertinent remarks on the
colors of the soft parts, which, whenever available, are added from the
labels of the specimens, will be found between quotation marks
Family COLYMBID 2.
COLYMBUS PELZELNII (Hartlaub).
Podiceps velzelniti HARTLAUB, Faun. Madagasc., 1861, p. 83.
One adult, apparently in breeding plumage, from East Imerina,
December, 1894.
The specimen collected by Dr. Abbott on the River Mangoro, Mada-
gascar, and recorded by Dr. Richmond! as Colymbus pelzelnii, proves
to be not this species at all, but Colymbus capensis (Lichtenstein
Family SCOLOPACID A.
ACTITIS HYPOLEUCA (Linnzus).
Tringa hypoleucos LINNZUS, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 149.
Actitis hypoleucos ILLIGER, Prodr., 1811, p. 262.
One apparently immature bird from East Imerina, taken in Feb-
ruary, 1896.
'Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIX, 1897, p. 677.
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXII—No. 1197.
235
7
es
236 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
Family RALLID&.
GALLINULA CHLOROPUS PYRRHORRHOA (Newton).
Gallinula pyrrhorrhoa A. NEWTON, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861, p. 19.
Gallinula chloropus pyrrhorrhoa SIBREF, Ibis, 1892, p. 114.
One specimen, April, 1895, from ‘‘ between the two forests,” East
Madagascar.
The ochraceous crissum seems to warrant at least the subspecific
separation of the Madagascan form of Gallinula chloropus, although the
occasional presence of this character in the typical bird indicates the
inadvisability of according pyrrhorrhoa specific rank.
Family ANATID i.
NETTION PUNCTATUM (Burchell).
Anas punctata BURCHELL, Travels S. Africa, I, 1822, p. 283 (note).
Nettion punctatum SALVADORI, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XX VII, 1895, p. 265.
Two specimens, seemingly male and female, though unsexed. The
supposed female is of generally duller plumage than the male; the spots
on neck, throat, jugulum, breast, flanks, and sides are larger and less
sharply defined; the sides, together with the upper and lower tail
coverts, lack almost entirely the wavy cross lines; and the inner sec-
ondaries are only very slightly glossed with greenish. _
SAROTHRURA INSULARIS (Sharpe).
Corethrura insularis SHARPE, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 400.
Sarothrura insularis STONE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1894, p. 148.
Two examples from Kast Imerina. One is apparently an immature
male, differing from the adult of the same sex in the presence of much
brownish olivaceous admixture on the posterior portion of the lower
surface.
DRYOLIMNAS CUVIERI (Pucheran).
Rallus cuvieri PUCHERAN, Rev. et Mag. de Zool., 1845, p. 279.
Dryolimnas cuvieri SHARPE, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, I, January, 1893, p. xxviii.
One male, apparently adult, from the Mampidongy Forest, East
Imerina, February, 1896. “Native name, Tsikia. Iris reddish brown.”
Family IBIDID 4.
LOPHOTIBIS CRISTATA (Boddaert).
Tantalus cristatus BODDAERT, Tabl. Pl. Enlum., 1783, p. 51.
Lophotibis cristatus BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., II, 1855, p. 154.
Two examples from the East Imerina Forest. One of these is an
immature bird, differing from the adult in rufous edgings to the wing-
coverts, and in the paler color of all the chestnut areas. The following
data refer to the adult: “Iris reddish; skin around eye bright red;
beak greenish; feet dark red.”
No. 1197. BIRDS FROM MADAGASCAR—OBERHOLSER. Dore
Family PLATALEID 4.
PLATALEA ALBA Scopoli.
Platalea alba Scopout, Del. Flor. et Faun. Insubr., II, 1786, p. 92.
One adult from “between the two forests,” East Madagascar.
Family ARDEID A.
ARDETTA PODICEPS (Bonaparte).
Ardeola podiceps BONAPARTE, Consp. Avium, II, 1855, p. 134.
Ardetta podiceps GURNEY, Ibis, 1863, p. 330.
One specimen from “between the two forests,” East Madagascar,
taken in September, 1895. It is apparently an immature male, for the
lower parts are rufous, sparsely streaked with dark brown, the wings
and scapulars much mixed with rufous and chestnut.
ARDEOLA XANTHOPODA (Hartlaub).
Ardea xanthopoda HARTLAUB, Journ. f. Orn., 1860, p. 166 (from the Pelzeln man-
uscript).
One adult specimen in breeding plumage, from ‘between the two
forests,” East Madagascar, taken in September, 1894.
Whether or not the present individual is identical with that men-
tioned by Dr. Sharpe! as being different from Ardeola ide, but proba-
bly the same as Garzetta garzetta, it is certainly not true Ardeola ide,
nor can it by any means be referred to Garzetta garzetta, but it agrees
perfectly with Hartlaub’s original description of Ardea xanthopoda.?
It differs from Ardeola ide, with which it has heretofore generally been
confounded, chiefly in being almost pure white; from Garzetta garzetta
it may be distinguished by the following characters, several of which,
it will be noticed, may be regarded as generic: Bill shorter and pro-
portionately stouter, the black tip sharply defined from the light base;
whole foot very much shorter, and yellowish, not black; plumes of
breast entirely decomposed, not lanceolate; head and hind neck
strongly suffused with ochraceous, not pure white. It is therefore
evident that Dr. Sharpe has insufficient grounds for synonymizing
Ardea xanthopoda with Garzetta garzetta,? Captain Shelley being con-
sequently right in his opinion of its distinctness.*
A description of this specimen is as follows: Entirely pure white, the
head and cervix washed with ochraceous, this deepest on the forehead,
gradually disappearing posteriorly; two of the innermost secondaries
dull brown, their broad shaft stripes pale yellowish; a few black
streaks on the sides of the occiput; ornamental plumes of wholly decom-
1Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XX VI, 1898, p. 207.
2Tdem., p. 207.
3Idem., p. 272.
4 List Birds Africa, I, 1896, p. 157.
238 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
posed feathers adorn the fore and hind neck and the back, most con-
spicuously developed on the last; feet in skin dull yellowish; bill at
tip black, sharply and almost vertically defined from the brownish base >
of maxilla and the yellowish base of mandible.
Length of wing, 250 mm.; tail, 94 mm.; exposed culmen, 61 mm.;
tarsus, 58 mm.; middle toe and claw, 59 mm.
BUTORIDES ATRICAPILLUS (Afzelius).
Ardea atricapilla AFZELIUS, Vet. Acad. Handl., XXV, 1804, p. 264.
Butorides atricapilla BONAPARTE, Consp. Avium, II, 1855, p. 129.
One adult from ‘between the two forests,” Hast Madagascar.
Family ANHINGID A.
ANHINGA RUFA (Lacépéde and Daudin).
Plotus rufus LACEPEDE and DAUDIN, in Buffon’s Hist. Nat. Quadr., XIV, 1799, p.
319; Ois., XVII, p. 81.
One specimen, evidently an immature female, from ‘‘between the two
forests,” East Madagascar, taken in February, 1895. The under parts
of this individual vary from deep ochraceous to dull dark brown, but
are without black. The white band below the eye is wanting; the light
areas on the secondary coverts are large and nearly white; the scapu-
lars are but slightly developed. |
Family PHASIANID 4.
MARGAROPERDIX MADAGARENSIS (Scopoli).
Tetrao madagarensis SCOPOLI, Del. Flor. et Faun. Insubr., Pt. 2, 1786, p. 93.
Margaroperdix madagascariensis HARTERT, Kat. Mus. Senckenb., 1891, p. 195.
One specimen from Imerina, July, 1894.
Family COLUMBIDAs.
TURTUR PICTURATUS (Temminck).
Columba picturata TEMMINCK, Pig. et Gallin., I, 1813, pp. 315, 480.
Turtur picturatus BLyTH, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. B., 1849, p. 236.
Three specimens from East Imerina. “Iris brown; beak red-brown;
feet reddish.” These individuals, as is frequently the case in this
species, have the slate color of the rump more or less mixed with brown.
Family FALCONID Ai.
FALCO ZONIVENTRIS (Peters).
Hypotriorchis zoniventris PETERS, Sitz. k. Pr. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1853, p. 7.
Falco zoniventris SCHLEGEL and POLLEN, Faun. Madagascar, Ois., 1868, p. 165.
One male, apparently adult, from the Kast Imerina Forest, March,
1895. By reason of heavy streaking the jugulum is almost uniform
blackish. The specimen appears to have been in process of molt when
taken, as among the fresh feathers there are remains of the old plumage.
NO. 1197. BIRDS FROM MADAGASCAR—OBERHOLSER. 239
FALCO MINOR Bonaparte.
Falco minor BONAPARTE, Rey. et Mag. de Zool., 1850, p. 484.
One specimen from the Ambohitritrimo Forest, East Imerina, Decem-
ber, 1894. This bird is an immature female, with dark brown upper
parts and streaked lower surface. The ground color of the hind neck is
buffy ochraceous, not deep rufous, as given by Sharpe.'
BUTEO BRACHYPTERUS Hartlaub.
Buteo brachypterus HARTLAUB, Journ. f. Orn., 1860, p.11 (from the Pelzeln man-
uscript).
One adult male taken from the East Imerina Forest, taken in Octo-
ber, 1895.
ACCIPITER MADAGASCARIENSIS Verreaux.
Accipiter madagascariensis J. VERREAUX, S. Afr. Quar. Journ., IT, 1833, p. 80.
Two immature females from East Imerina, February, 1895.
ACCIPITER FRANCESII Smith.
Accipiter francesii SmiruH, 8. Afr. Quar. Journ., IT, 1834, p. 280.
Five specimens, from the East Imerina and Ambohitritrimo forests.
All seem to be more or less immature, most of them with the bars on
the middle tail-feathers not distinctly indicated. The different indi-
viduals vary somewhat in the width of the barring below.
CIRCUS MAILLARDI Verreaux.
Circus maillardi VERREAUX, in Maillard VIle de la Réun., II, 1863, p. 12.
One handsome adult male from the East Imerina Forest, taken in
October, 1895.
POLYBOROIDES RADIATUS (Scopoli).
Vvultur radiatus Scopouti, Del. Flor. et Faun., Insubr., II, 1786, p. 85.
Polyboroides radiatus GRAY, List Gen. Birds, 1840, p. 5.
One adult female from the Mampidongy Forest, East Imerina, Feb-
ruary, 1896. ‘Iris dark brown, feet yellowish.”
Family BUBONIDA.
PISORHINA MENADENSIS RUTILA (Pucheran).
Scops rutilus PUCHERAN, Rey. et Mag. de Zool., 1849, p. 29.
Three specimens. Two of these, respectively from the Ambohitri-
trimo and Vorwate forests, East Imerina, are immature birds in the
rufous phase, with the adult plumage not yet fully acquired, the old
feathers still persisting on the nape. The remaining example is an
adult in the brown phase, and is quite dark.
! Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, p. 383.
240 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
All the subspecies of Pisorhina magica should be ranked as forms of
Pisorhina menadensis; for the original description of the latter! appeared
several years in advance of the former.’
These various races are as follows:
Pisorhina menadensis menadensis (Quoy and Gaimard).
Pisorhina menadensis magica (Miiller).
Pisorhina menadensis leucospila (Gray).
Pisorhina menadensis bouruensis (Sharpe).
Pisorhina menadensis morotensis (Sharpe).
Pisorhina menadensis siaoensis (Schlegel).
Pisorhina menadensis albiventris (Sharpe).
Pisorhina menadensis rutila (Pucheran).
Pisorhina menadensis brookit (Sharpe).
Pisorhina menadensis sulaensis (Hartert).
Family PSITTACID.
CORACOPSIS NIGRA (Linnzus).
Psittacus niger LINN&HUS, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 99.
Coracopsis nigra WAGLER, Mon. Psitt., 1832, p. 680.
A pair of adults from the forest of East Imerina. The female is
similar to the male, but in size is rather less, and in color throughout
not so deep.
Family CUCULID A.
COUA REYNAUDII Pucheran.
Coua reynauditi PUCHERAN, Rey. Zool., 1845, p. 51.
Three specimens from the forest of East Imerina. Two of these are
immature birds, having the rufous of crown and forehead much
obscured by dull olive, the greater and median wing-eoverts tipped
with chestnut, the lower surface much mixed with the same color.
The adult is noticeably paler below than a specimen collected by Dr.
Abbott 80 miles northwest of Mahanoro.
COUA CZERULEA (Linnezus).
Cuculus ceruleus LINN&US, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 171.
Coua cerulea GRAY, in Griffith’s An. Kingdom, VII, 1829, p. 458.
Three specimens from the forest of East Imerina. ‘The flesh round
the eves a most brilliant lightish blue.” These individuals are some-
what paler, both above and below, than most of the others at present
available, but this difference does not seem to be correlated with local-
ity. Two of them, taken early in February, are in process of molt,
this observable chiefly in the wings and tail.
'Quoy and Gaimard, Voyage de 1’Astrolabe, I, 1826-34, p. 170, pl. ny, fig. 2,
2Miiller, Verhandl, Natuurl. Gesch. Nederl., Zool., 1840-1844, p. 110.
NO. 1197. BIRDS FROM MANDAGASCAR—OBERHOLSER. 2A
CUCULUS POLIOCEPHALUS ROCHII (Hartlaub).
Cuculus rochit HARTLAUB, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1862, p. 224.
Cuculus poliocephalus var. rochitti MILNE-EDWARDS and GRANDIDIER, Hist. Madag.,
Ois., I, 1879, p. 176.
Two specimens from the forest of East Imerina. ‘Iris clear brown;
eyelid yellow; feet yellow.” One of these is a young bird, with brown
and rufous barred upper surface; the other is an adult. Judging from
the small series at hand, the Madagascar form of Cuculus poliocephalus
differs from that of Central Asia in the conspicuously darker color of
the upper parts, as well asin the somewhat narrower barring below,
and forms apparently a well-marked geographical race, to which is
applicable the name rochit Hartlaub, as above given.
Family CAPRIMULGID 2.
CAPRIMULGUS ENARRATUS Gray.
Caprimulgus enarratus Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1871, p. 428.
One adult female from the forest of East Imerina, February, 1896.
‘Hye yellowish brown.” The tail-feathers are in process of molt.
Family CORACIID 4.
EURYSTOMUS GLAUCURUS (Miiller).
Coracias glaucurus MULLER, Syst. Nat., Anhang., 1776, p. 86.
Eurystomus giaucurus GRAY, Hand-list Birds, I, 1869, p. 76.
Five specimens. One of the three adults is very deeply colored,
particularly above; its throat and breast are brilliant violet instead of
the usual rose purple. Of the two immature birds one is still greenish
blue below; the other has much brownish and some purplish admixture.
In these last the feathers of the upper surface have more or less dark
brown centrally, imparting a mottled appearance that is absent in the
adults.
ATELORNIS CROSSLEYI (Sharpe).
Atelornis crossleyi SHARPE, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1875, p. 74, pl. X1v.
Two specimens from the forest of East Imerina. ‘Iris light brown.”
The bird marked male has the crissum blue; the one sexed female has
the same part bluish green.
ATELORNIS PITTOIDES (Lafresnaye).
Brachypteracias pittoides LAFRESNAYE, Mag. de Zool., 1834, pl. XXXII.
Atelornis pittoides PUCHERAN, Rey. Zool., 1846, p. 200.
Two specimens from the forest of East Imerina. “Iris dark brown.”
One of these is an immature bird, differing from the adult in the par-
ticulars mentioned by Dr. Sharpe,' also in the conspicuous chestnut
margins of the wing-coverts and the superior tail-coverts.
! Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVII, 1892, p. 8.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii——16
242 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL
BRACHYPTERACIAS LEPTOSOMUS (Lesson).
Colaris leptosomus LESSON, Illustr. Zool., 1832, pl. xx.
Brachypteracias leptosomus LAFRESNAYE, Mag. de Zool., 1834, Ois., pl. XXXI.
One specimen, from the forest of Hast Imerina, February, 1876.
“Tris light yellow; feet grayish.” This bird is immature, in which
stage the colors of the head and lower surface are rather paler than in
adults.
Family ALCEDINID 4.
CORYTHORNIS CRISTATUS (Linnzus).
Alcedo cristata LINNZEUS, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 178.
Corythornis cristata Kaur, Fam. Alced., 1848, p. 13.
Five specimens of this pretty little kingfisher are in the collection—
all from Imerina. ‘Iris dark brown; feet coral red.” There seems to
be but little individual variation among the adults of this species.
Family PHILEPITTID A.
PHILEPITTA CASTANEA (Miller).
Turdus castaneus MULLER, Syst. Nat., Anhang., 1776, p. 1438.
Philepitta castanea GRAY, Hand-list Birds, I, 1869, p. 297.
Five immature specimens, from the forest of Kast Imerina. Two of
these, taken in February, are molting into the black and yellow plumage
of the adult. ‘Kye light brown.”
Dr. Richmond is apparently quite right in his view! that the yellow
tips to the black feathers are not an evidence of immaturity, but simply
the usual accompaniment of the fresh molt, wearing off by abrasion
until the bird assumes a jet black appearance.
The earliest name for the present species is Turdus castaneus Miller,
which antedates Turdus jala Boddaert by five years; and there seems
to be no reason why it should not be adopted, as has already been done
by Dr. Richmond.’
Family ALAUDIDA.
MIRAFRA HOVA Hartlaub.
Miraffra hova HARTLAUB, Journ. f. Orn., 1860, p. 106.
One specimen, from Imerina.
-1 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIX, 1897, p. 688.
2Tdem.
No. 1197. BIRDS FROM MADAGASCAR—OBERHOLSER. 243
Family MOTACILLID.
MOTACILLA FLAVIVENTRIS Hartlaub.
Motacilla flaviventris HARTLAUB, Journ. f. Orn., 1860, p. 94 (from Verreaux).
Two specimens in rather worn plumage.
The specific name flaviventris in this connection is commonly credited
to Verreaux;' but the first description of the species seems to have
been published by Hartlaub, who, therefore, rather than Verreaux,
should, as above given, be cited as the proper authority. ”
Family PYCNONOTIDA.
TYLAS EDUARDI Hartlaub.
Tylas eduardi HARTLAUB, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1862, p. 152, pi. xviit.
One specimen, from the forest of East Imerina. This is an imma-
ture bird, and differs from the adult in that the forehead and throat
are much mixed with white, the greater and median coverts tipped with
ochraceous. ‘Iris brown.”
HYPSIPETES MADAGASCARIENSIS (Miiller).
Turdus madagascariensis MULLER, Syst. Nat., Anhang, 1776, p. 139.
Hypsipetes madagascariensis SCHLEGEL, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1866, p. 422.
Four specimens from East Imerina. “Iris brown; feet reddish
yellow.”
The only character adduced by Dr. Sharpe? for the differentiation of
Ixocincla from Hypsipetes is the tarsal scutellation, a distinction which
examination of a series of perfect specimens does not sustain, in so far
at least as is concerned comparison of the present species with psaroides,
the type of Hypsipetes. Whatever may be the affinities of the other
forms, with which we at present have nothing to do, psaroides and
madagascariensis are strictly congeneric.
Family TIMELIID 2.
BERNIERIA MADAGASCARIENSIS (Gmelin).
Muscicapa madagascariensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 940.
Bernieria madagascariensis HARTLAUB, Journ. fiir Orn., 1860, p. 90.
One specimen from the forest of East imerina. This is a young
bird in first plumage, and differs from the adult in the very dingy, less
greenish color of the upper parts, particularly the back, and in the
duller, more buffy color of the lower surface.
‘Cat. Rivoli Coll., 1846, p. 9.
2 See also Richmond, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIX, 1897, p. 688.
° Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VII, 1881, p. 45.
D244 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII
hed
OXYLABES MADAGASCARIENSIS (Gmelin).
Motacilla madagascariensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 952.
Oxylabes madagascarensis SHARPE, Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 386.
The single specimen referred to this species agrees in most respects
with Dr. Sharpe’s description of the very young bird,' except that the
breast has no admixture of rufous feathers. The shade of the entire
upper parts, including wings and tail, is a much less rufescent olive
than in the adult. Judging from the texture of the plumage, however,
this individual does not seem to be a very young bird.
CROSSLEYIA XANTHOPHRYS (Sharpe).
Oxylabes xanthophrys SHARPE, Proc. Zool. Soc.-Lond., 1875, p. 76.
Crossleyia xanthophrys HARTLAUB, V6g. Madag., 1877, p. 168.
One adult specimen. ‘Che tail and upper tail-coverts lack the brown
transverse markings; otherwise it seems to be typical. The structure
of the nostrils and the much obliterated scutellation of the tarsus suffi-
ciently distinguish Crossleyia from Oxylabes, with which it has been
recently united by Captain Shelley.”
Family TURDID J.
PSEUDOCOSSYPHUS SHARPEI (Gray).
Cossypha sharpei GRAY, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1871, p. 429.
Pseudocossyphus sharpit SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VII, 1883, p. 22.
Two specimens from the forest of East Imerina, taken in February,
1896. One of these is in the spotted first plumage; the other is just
emerging from this condition, having still some buffy markings on
wing-coverts, head, and neck.
Family SYLVIIDAi.
NESILLAS TYPICA (Hartlaub).
Ellisia typica HARTLAUB, Journ. f. Orn., 1860, p. 92.
Nesillas typica OBERHOLSER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 211.
Four specimens from the forest of East Imerina. In the color of the
upper parts there is considerable individual difference, some of which
is undoubtedly due to wear. Immature birds are more rufescent above
than adults.
DROMAZOCERCUS BRUNNEUS Sharpe.
Dromeocercus brunneus SHARPE, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1877, p. 23 pl. 1, fig. 2.
One specimen from the forest of East Imerina.
'Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VII, 1883, p. 572.
2 Birds of Africa, I, 1896, p. 65.
No. 1197. BIRDS FROM MADAGASCAR—OBERHOLSER. QAdD
CISTICOLA CHERINA (Smith).
Drymoica cherina SMITH, Ill. Zool. 8. Afr., Aves, 1843, pl. LXxvuJ, fig. 2.
Cisticola cherina SHARPE, Layard’s Birds S. Afr., 1876, p. 278.
One example from Imerina. It is apparently an adult, and isin the
plase having a uniform crown; the lower surface is almost without
yellow tinge.
Family MUSCICAPIDA.
TCHITREA MUTATA (Linnzus).
Muscicapa mutata LINNZUS, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 325.
Tehitrea mutata GRAY, Genera Birds, I, 1846, p. 259.
Three specimens from East Imerina. One of these is a male just
assuming the plumage of the adult, the tail being white and black, the
lower parts mixed white and rufous. The two other individuals are
young males, one in the rufous plumage of the female, the second in the
dark, rich chestnut garb.
The generic name Terpsiphone, currently employed for the group of
flycatchers to which the present species belongs, was originally pro-
posed by Gloger' as a substitute for Muscipeta Cuvier,’ because Musci-
peta was considered “zu iihnlich und ganz gleich bedeutend mit
Muscicapa;” and since the type of Muscipeta is the South American
Todus regius Gmelin (= Muscivora regia auct.), it follows that the same
Species must be regarded as the type of Terpsiphone. This being the
case, Terpsiphone can of course not be used to designate the Old World
genus, for which the name Tchitrea Lesson * then becomes available.
PRATINCOLA SIBILLA (Linnzus).
Motacilla sibilla LiInN2ZUS, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 337.
Pratincola sybilla BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., I, 1850, p. 304.
Two specimens—an adult male, somewhat worn, and a young bird in
the spotted plumage.
“NEWTONIA AMPHICHROA Reichenow.
Newtonia amphichroa REICHENOW, Journ. f. Orn., 1891, p. 210.
Two examples of this rare species are in the collection. The points
of difference from Newtonia brunneicauda given by Dr. Reichenow are
fully sustained by the two adult specimens in the National Museum;
and, in addition, amphichroa seems to have a somewhat larger bill.
One of the present examples is in first plumage, and may be described
as follows: Crown, nape, and rump chestnut; back olive brown, tinged
'Troriep’s Notizen, XVI, No. 18, March, 1827, p. 278.
?Regne Anim., I, 1817, p. 344.
’Traité @Orn., 1831, p. 386.
2AG PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
with reddish; tail and wings fuscous, margined exteriorly with oliva-
ceous; wing-coverts olivaceous, broadly tipped with chestnut; entire
lower surface dark fulvous, slightly paler on the posterior portion.
Family NECTARINIID.
CINNYRIS SOVIMANGA (Gmelin).
Certhia sovimanga GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 471.
Cinnyris soui-manga BONAPARTE, Consp. Avium, I, 1850, p. 407.
Two individuals from the forest of East Imerina. One of these is an
adult; the other a young male, which differs from the adult of the same
sex in being nearly uniform grayish olive green above, with only a few
scattered metallic feathers; sides of head and neck dull olive grayish,
mixed with pale yellowish; throat dull black; crissum yellowish white;
remainder of lower parts bright yellow, the sides washed with olive.
NEODREPANIS CORUSCANS Sharpe.
Neodrepanis coruscans SHARPE, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1875, p. 76.
A single adult male from East Imerina. The forehead is olive green
without metallic luster, and the crown and cervix have many plain
olive green feathers intermingled with the metallic ones.
Family MELIPHAGID 4%.
ZOSTEROPS MADERASPATANA (Linneus).
Motacilla maderaspatana LINNEZUS, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 334.
Zosterops maderaspatana RICHMOND, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIX, 1897, p. 693.
Two specimens from the forest of East Imerina are identical with
those collected by Dr. Abbott. The earliest name for the present spe-
cies, which is commonly known as Zosterops madagascariensis, seems to
be Motacilla maderaspatana Linneeus, as already pointed out by Dr.
Richmond. !
Family PLOCEID 2.
NELICURVIUS NELICOURVI (Scopoli).
Parvus nelicourvi SCOPOLI, Del. Flor. et Faun. Insubr., 1786, p. 96.
Nelicurvius nelicourvi BARTLETT, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 771.
One specimen, from the forest of East Imerina. The loose texture of
the plumage and the lack of yellow on the forehead indicate immaturity.
“Tris brown; feet maroon.”
FOUDIA MADAGASCARIENSIS (Linnzus).
Loxia madagascariensis LINNZUS, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 300.
Foudia madagascariensis BONAPARTE, Consp. Avium, I, 1850, p. 445.
Four examples from Imerina. One of these is a young male in tran-
sition plumage, the back being olive green and black, the posterior
lower parts dull olive grayish; but the head and throat are bright scarlet
as in the adult. “Iris [of adult male] brown.”
1 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIX, 1897, p. 693.
as st
No. 1197. BIRDS FROM MADAGASCAR—OBERHOLSER. QAT
Family CAMPEPHAGID i.
GRAUCALUS CINEREUS (Muller).
Muscicapa cinerea MULLER, Syst. Nat., Anhang, 1776, p. 171.
Graucalus cinereus SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., IV, 1879, p. 28.
Two specimens from the forest of Kast Imerina. These appear to be
immature birds just completing the plumage of the adult. The chin is
strongly washed with brownish, the remaining lower parts slightly so;
the innermost secondaries are conspicuously tipped with white; the
primaries and secondaries are distally margined on exterior webs with
buffy. One of these birds differs from the other in having an almost
black nuchal collar, and, though in other respects resembling the
female, is apparently a male. This individual has the greater wing-
coverts tipped and exteriorly edged with buffy white. ‘Iris dark
brown.”
Family DICRURIDE.
EDOLIUS FORFICATUS (Linnzus).
Lanius forficatus LINNZUS, Svst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 154.
Edolius forficatus CUv1ER, Régne Animal, I, 1817, p. 350.
One example, an adult male, from the forest of East Imerina. ‘Tris
red.”
Family LANIID!.
CALICALICUS MADAGASCARIENSIS (Linnzus).
Lanius madagascariensis LINNZUS, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 137.
Calicalicus madagascariensis BONAPARTE, Compt. Rend., XX XVIII, 1854, p.535.
One adult female from the forest of East Imerina.
VANGA CURVIROSTRIS (Gmelin).
Lanius curvirostris LINNZUS, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 135.
Vanga curvirostris CUVIER, Regne Anim., I, 1817, p. 339.
Three specimens, from the forest of Kast Imerina. They are appar-
ently immature, having the forehead, nuchal collar, and lower surface
pale gray instead of white. One of them has all the light portions of
the plumage strongly tinged with brownish, evidently an adventitious
stain. ‘Iris brown; beak black; feet pearly gray.”
Family STURNIDZ.
HARTLAUBIUS AURATUS (Miiller).
Turdus auratus MULLER, Syst. Nat., Anhang, 1776, p. 140.
Hartlaubius auratus RICHMOND, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIX, 1897, p. 693.
One individual, a female, from the forest of East Imerina, is appre-
ciably smaller than males inthe National Museum. “ Iris dark brown.”
QAS PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. r
a
In the female of this species the brilliant metallic blue of the exterior
webs of the wing-quills is replaced on the primaries by green, on the
secondaries by brown with a marginal and distal greenish gloss; and
the white of the wing is very much reduced in extent.
The specific term auratus of Miiller seems to be the earliest one for
the species, having seven years priority over madagascariensis Bod-
daert'; and, since it seems to be eligible, should be given the preference,
as has already been done by Dr. Richmond in the article previously
cited.
_' Tabi. Pl. Enlum., 1783, p. 32
REPORT ON A COLLECTION OF DIPTEROUS INSECTS
; FROM PUERTO RICO.
By D. W. CoQuiLLEtTt,
Custodian of the Diptera in the U. S. National Museum.
During the months of January and February, 1899, Mr. August
Busck, of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, through the courtesy
‘of the U.S. Fish Commission, visited various portions of Puerto Rico,
and among other things collected quite a large series of dipterous
insects, which were later deposited in the U. S. National Museum.
This series comprises 864 specimens, representing 117 species, distrib-
uted in 79 genera and 31 families. ‘Three of the genera and sixteen of
the species appear to be new to science, and are duly characterized in
the following pages. Fifty-one of the species, nearly one-half of the
whole number, also occur in the United States proper, several of them
ranging as far northward as the State of New Hampshire. Twenty of
the others have not as yet been reported as occurring outside of Puerto
Rico, while the remaining forty-six species have also been obtained in
some other island of the West Indies or in Central or South America.
Only a very few species of Diptera were described from Puerto Rico
by the older authors, and it was not until the year 1885 that any con-
siderable number of species were reported from that island. In that
year Herr Victor von Roeder, of Hoym, Germany, pubJished a list, with
descriptions of new forms, of a series of these insects collected by Con-
sul Krug.! This list numbers 111 species, of which 76 are different
from those obtained by Mr. Busck; adding these to the 117 species
obtained by the latter gives a total of 193 species now known to occur
in Puerto Rico.
The report in detail is as follows:
Family CECIDOMYIID 4%.
DIPLOSIS COCCIDARUM Cockerell.
Twenty specimens bred from larve associated with Dactylopius citri,
and nine specimens bred from Lecanium hemisphaericum; also a single
Specimen captured at Mayaguezin January. This species was origi-
'Entomologische Zeitung zu Stettin, 1885, pp. 337-349. Republished, with notes,
by Senor Juan Gundlach in the Anales de la Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural,
1887, pp. 177-199.
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXII—No. 1198. we
250 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
nally described from specimens bred from larvee associated with various
Coccids and Aleurodes at Kingston, Jamacia. The Puerto Rican speci-
mens do not differ appreciably from a series of six specimens from the |
former locality received from Professor Cockerell and by him bred from
larvee associated with Pulvinaria urbicola.
Family CULICID A.
CULEX PERTURBANS Walker.
Two specimens captured at Bayamon in January. This species also
occurs in this country, extending from Maryland southward to Florida
and Texas.
Family CHIRONOMID 4.
CHIRONOMUS REDUENS Walker.
A single specimen captured at Aguadilla in January. This species
is also known to occur in Mississippi.
CERATOPOGON SEQUAX Williston.
Seventeen specimens captured in January at Utuado, Aguadilla,
Bayamon, and Mayaguez. It was originally described from St. Vin-
cent, West Indies.
CERATOPOGON PUNCTIPENNIS Williston.
A single specimen from Aguadillain January. This species was also
originally described from St. Vincent.
Family BIBIONID4.
SCATOPSE PYGMEA Loew.
Two specimens captured at Mayaguez in January. The species was
originally described from the District of Columbia, but has also been
reported from St. Vincent, West Indies.
Family TIPULID A.
GERANOMYIA RUFESCENS Loew.
A single specimen collected at Aguadilla in January. Originally
described from Puerto Rico.
- ATARBA PLEURALIS Williston.
A single specimen captured at Aguadilla in January. The type
locality of this species is St. Vincent, West Indies.
Family STRATIOMYITID 8.
HERMETIA ILLUCENS Linnezus.
Two specimens collected at Utuado and Aguadilla in January. The
species has a wide distribution, extending from the southern portion
of the United States, through Mexico, Central America, and the West
Indies, into South America at least as far as Brazil.
NO. 1198. DIPTERA FROM PUERTO RICO—COQUILLETT. 251
ODONTOMYIA DORSALIS Fabricius.
A single specimen from Fajardo in February. It has previously
been reported from Santo Domingo, West Indies, and South America.
Family ASILID4.
PROCTACANTHUS RUFIVENTRIS Macquart.
A female specimen captured at Arroyo in February. The species
was originally described from Santo Domingo, and has already been
reported from Puerto Rico by Mr. V. von Roeder.
Family BOMBYLIID.
HYPERALONIA SERVILLEI Macquart.
Eleven specimens, Mayaguez and Aguadilla in January, and Fajardo,
Arroyo, and Vieques Island in February. Specimens are also in the
U.S. National Museum from Nassau, Bahama Islands, collected by Dr.
H. G. Dyar. :
ANTHRAX GORGON Fabricius.
Seven specimens, captured at Mayaguez and Aguadilla in January,
and Vieques Island and Fajardo in February. The species was origi-
nally described from the West Indies, and has been reported from
Puerto Rico by Mr. von Roeder.
Family EMPID 4.
EUHYBUS SUBJECTUS Walker.
A single specimen, collected at Utuado in January. This species is
also found in the eastern portion of the United States, ranging from
the White Mountains, New Hampshire, to the southern part of Florida.
TACHYDROMIA FLAVIDA Williston.
Three specimens, captured at Aguadilla in January, and Fajardo in
February. The species was originally described from St. Vincent,
West Indies, and was placed by Dr. Williston in the genus Drapetis.
It is, however, a true Tachydromia, having the front femora consid-
erably thickened, as stated in the original description.'
Family DOLICHOPODID A.
PARACLIUS FILIFERUS Aldrich.
Three specimens, captured on Vieques Island in February. The spe-
cies was originally described from St. Vincent, West Indies.
PELASTONEURUS FASCIATUS Roeder.
Five specimens, from Arroyo, Vieques Island, and Fajardo in Feb-
ruary. The type locality of this species is Puerto Rico.
'In Williston’s table of the species of Drapetis collected in St. Vincent two serious
errors occur. For xanthopoda read flavidus, and for flavipes read xanthopodus. The
table is published in Trans. Ent. Soc. London for 1896, p. 441.
252 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. |
PSILOPUS LONGICORNIS Fabricius.
A single specimen, collected at Fajardo in February. The species |
was originally described from the West Indies.
PSILOPUS PORTORICENSIS? Macquart.
Five specimens, from Mayaguez and Aguadilla in January, and
Arroyo and Vieques Island in February. They agree very well with
the short description, which was based on a specimen from Puerto
Rico, except that the antennal arista is wholly bare. :
SYNTORMON BARBATUS Loew.
Utuado, in January. -A single specimen of this species, originally
deseribed from the Middle States.
CHRYSOTUS PALLIPES Loew.
Thirty-two specimens, from Utuado, Aguadilla, Bayamon, and May-
aguez in January, and Arroyo, Fajardo, Vieques Island, and Culebra
Island in February. Originally described from the Middle States, Dr.
Schiner has recorded it from South America, and it is among the
species reported by von Roeder from Puerto Rico.
Family SYRPHID A.
BACCHA CLAVATA Fabricius.
Four specimens, collected at Aguadilla and Mayaguez in January,
and Fajardo and Arroyo in February. Originally described from South
America, this species is at present known to have a very wide range,
extending from Nebraska on the north to Buenos Ayres, Argentina, on
tbe south, and including the West Indian and neighboring islands.
Von Roeder has already reported it from Puerto Rico.
BACCHA species.
Two specimens were bred from larve feeding upon Dactylopius citri
on Culebra Island in February; they represent a species distinct
from the above, but are too immature to admit of a positive identi-
fication.
OCYPTAMUS LATIUSCULA Loew.
A single specimen, collected at Fajardo in February. This species
was originally described from Cuba, and has also been reported from
Jamaica and Santo Domingo. Von Roeder has already recorded it
from Puerto Rico.
ERISTALIS VINETORUM Fabricius.
Seven specimens, collected at Mayaguez and Aguadilla in January,
and Arroyo in February. This species was originally described from
Brazil, and is now reported as occurring over nearly the entire eastern
NO. 1198. DIPTERA FROM PUERTO RICO—COQUILLETT. 253
half of the United States, the whole of Mexico, Central and ; South
America, and the West Indies. It was previously reported from Puerto
Rico by von Roeder.
ERISTALIS ALBIFRONS Wiedemann.
A single specimen, collected at Arroyo in February. This species
was also originally described from Brazil, and has practically the same
distribution as the preceding species.
MESOGRAMMA LACINIOSA Loew.
A single specimen from Utuado in January. The type locality of
this species is Cuba, but it is aiso reported from St. Vincent, West
Indies, and von Roeder has recorded its occurrence in Puerto Rico.
MESOGRAMMA ARCIFERA Loew.
Twelve specimens collected at Mayaguez and Aguadilla in January,
and Vieques Island, Culebra Island, Arroyo, and Fajardo in February.
This species was also originally described from Cuba, and has been
reported by Mr. C. W. Johnson as occurring in Jamaica.
MESOGRAMMA SUBANNULATA Loew.
Eighteen specimens from Utuado and Aguadilla in January, and
Vieques Island, Fajardo, and Arroyoin February. Originally described
from Cuba, and Mr. Johnson has reported it from Jamaica. Mesograpta?
cuprina Bigot, also described from Cuba, is a synonym.
Family PHORID J.
PHORA AUREA Aldrich.
Five specimens, taken at Mayaguez and Bayamon in January, and
Arroyo in February. This species was originally reported from St.
Vincent, West Indies.
Family TACHINID 2.
ARCHYTAS BASIFULVA Walker.
A single specimen captured on Vieques Island in February. The
type locality of this species is Jamaica, West Indies.
EUPHOROCERA CLARIPENNIS Macquart.
Three specimens, bred February 10, from cocoons of Megalopyge krugit
Dewitz, collected at San Juan. This Tachinid is found in all parts of
the United States, but has not heretofore been reported as occurring
outside of this country.
BELVOSIA LUTEOLA, new species.
Female: Head yellow, the occiput, except the lower portion and a
semicircular spot in the middle of the upper edge, black, gray pruinose;
254 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
frontal vitta opaque, orange yellow; sides of front polished, except the
lower outer angles, which are golden yellow pruinose; frontal bristles
descending slightly below the arista; face and cheeks silvery white
pruinose; sides of face bearing a triangular patch of short white bristly
hairs, extending nearly one-third of distance from the lowest frontal
bristle to the oral margin; antenne reaching six-sevenths of distance
to the oral margin, black, the first two joints reddish yellow, the third
about five times as long as the second, arista thickened almost to its
apex, the penultimate joint slightly longer than broad; palpi yellow,
proboscis brownish black. Thorax black, gray pruinose, marked with
four black vittz, bearing four pairs of postsutural dorso-central macro-
cheetz and four sternopleural; scutellum brown, the margin yellowish.
Abdomen yellow, the base of the first segment, a dorsal vitta, and the
posterior margin of the third segment black; the fourth segment and
bases of the two preceding yellowish pruinose, the macrocheetz only
marginal. Legs black. Wings blackish, the anterior basal portion
subhyaline, tinged in places with yellowish, the third vein bearing two
or three bristles near the base; calypteres white. Length,11mm. A
single specimen taken on Vieques Island in February.
Type.—Cat. No. 4373, U.S.N.M.
HYPOSTENA VANDERWULPII Townsend.
A single specimen captured on Vieques Island in February. The
species was originally reported from Florida, but also occurs in southern
California.
Family DEXID.
MYOCERA RUFIANALIS van der Wulp.
- A single specimen, from Culebra Island in February. The species
was originally described from Mexico, but also occurs in Jamaica, West
Indies.
Family SARCOPHAGID 4.
SARCOPHAGA OCCIDUA Fabricius.
Fifty-five specimens, collected at Mayaguez, Bayamon, Utuado, and
Aguadilla in January; aud Vieques Island, Arroyo, and Fajardo in
February. The species was originally described from the West Indies.
SARCOPHAGA PLINTHOPYGA Wiedemann.
Twenty-eight specimens, from Aguadilla, Utuado, and Mayaguez in
January,and Vieques Island, Culebra Island, and Fajardo in February.
This species was originally described from St. Thomas, West Indies,
and has been reported from Jamaica by Mr. Johnson and from Puerto
Rico by von Roeder.
SARCOPHAGA LAMBENS Wiedemann.
Five specimens, from Vieques Island and Culebra Island in Feb-
ruary. Originally described from St. Paul, Brazil, and the West Indies,
it has already been reported from Puerto Rico by Mr. von Roeder.
NO. 1198. DIPTERA FROM PUERTO RICO—COQUILLETT. 255
SARCOPHAGA DIVERSIPES, new species.
Female: Black, the first two antennal joints, palpi, trochanters, broad
apices of the femora, and the genitalia yellow; frontal vitta dark brown,
sides of front golden yellow pruinose, changing to gray at the vertex,
one pair of orbital bristles, no ocellar bristles, frontals descending
almost to apex of the first antennal joint, middle of face gray pruinose,
the sides and upper part of the cheeks golden yellow, remaining portion
of the cheeks brownish, sides of face each bearing a row of short,
scarcely perceptible, bristly hairs, antenne nearly reaching the oral
margin, the third joint slightly over twice as long as the second, arista
long-plumose on the basal three-fourths; thorax gray pruinose, marked
with three broad black vitta, a black streak in front of the insertion of
each wing and a second near the center of the pleura; three pairs of
large postsutural dorso-central macrochete, one pair of acrestichals,
and two sterno-pleurals; scutellum gray pruinose, the middle third
black; abdomen opaque, gray pruinose, three vitte and the hind margin
of each of the first four segments black, the two outermost vittz being
composed of triangular black spots; wings hyaline, the third vein
bristly about one-third of distance from its base to the small crossvein;
calypteres white. Length,6 mm. Fajardo,in February. Two speci-
mens.
Type.—Cat. No. 4374, U.S.N.M.
HELICOBIA HELICIS Townsend.
Seven specimens, collected at Bayamon in January, and Fajardo,
Arroyo, and Vieques Island in February. This species is distributed
over nearly the whole of the United States.
HELICOBIA species.
A single specimen, from Culebra Island in February.
Family CALLIPHORIDA.
CHRYSOMYIA MACELLARIA Fabricius.
Two specimens, taken at Mayaguez in January, and Culebra Island
in February. The known range of this species is from Ohio south-
ward through Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and over the
greater portion of South America.
LUCILIA CA®SAR Linnezus.
One specimen, collected at Fajardo in February. A European spe-
cies, which is now distributed over the greater portion of the warmer
part of this globe.
256 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. “VOL. XXII.
a
Family MUSCID ©.
MUSCA DOMESTICA Linnzus.
A single specimen of this cosmopolitan species was captured on
Culebra Island in February.
STOMOXYS CALCITRANS Linnzus.
A single specimen, captured on Vieques Island in February. This
species has nearly the same distribution as L. cwsar.
PYRELLIA OCHRICORNIS Wiedemann. |
Nine specimens, taken on Culebra Island in February. The species
was originally described from Brazil, but has also been reported from
Cuba and Puerto Rico.
MUSCINA TRIPUNCTATA van der Wulbp.
A single specimen from Culebra Island in February. The species
was originally described from Mexico.
LIMNOPHORA ARCUATA Stein.
Three specimens, captured at Mayaguez in January, and Culebra Island
and Arroyo in February. The type locality of this species is Georgia,
and I have seen specimens collected in the District of Columbia.
LISPA RUFITIBIALIS Macquart.
Three specimens, taken at Fajardo and Vieques island in February.
The species was originally described from South America.
CCENOSIA VARICORNIS, new species.
Male and female: Black, the third antennal joint of the male, except
its base, the extreme apices of the femora, whole of tibie, base of
tarsi and halteres, yellow; an elongate triangular spot below the ocelli,
dark-gray pruinose, sides of front gray pruinose, the face, cheeks,
third joint of antennez, except its base, and the upper edge of the sec-
ond joint, whitish pruinose; antenne two-thirds as long as the face,
the third joint one and one-third times as long as the second, its lower
front corner produced in the form of a sharp tooth; arista short plu-
mose, the longest hairs only slightly longer than its greatest diameter;
thorax gray pruinose, marked with five blackish-brown vittz, the
medio-dorsal and lateral ones broad, the former almost crossing the
scutellum, the remaining pair narrow and interrupted, rarely wanting;
two pairs of postsutural dorsocentral macrochetz, the bristly hairs
between them arranged in two rows; abdomen gray pruinose, a pair of
suborbicular blackish spots on the posterior part of the first three seg-
ments, those on the second and third the most distinct and each bear-
ing a macrocheta on its anterior part; a blackish-brown interrupted
No. 1198. DIPTERA FROM PUERTO RICO—COQUILLETT. 257
medio-dorsal vitta, reduced in the female to a dot on the second and
third segments; fourth segment bearing a discal and a marginal row
of macrochetz; front tibize each bearing a single macrocheta, situated
near the middle of the posterior side, middle tibiw each with a pair
near the middle; hind tibiz each with a circle of four near the middle,
besides those at the apices; wings hyaline, unmarked; calypteres
white. Length,4to5mm. Bayamon, Aguadilla, and Utuado in Janu-
ary, and Vieques Island, Fajardo, and Arroyo in February. Ten
males and two females.
Type.—Cat. No. 4375, U.S.N.M.
Family SCATOPHAGID 4.
SCATOPHAGA EXOTICA Wiedemann.
Four specimens, collected on Culebra Island in February. This
species was originally described from New Orleans, Louisiana.
Family MICROPEZID A.
CALOBATA FASCIATA Fabricius.
Hight specimens, captured with the preceding. It has been reported
from Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Florida.
CALOBATA LASCIVA Fabricius.
Six specimens, from Mayaguez in January, and Fajardo and Vieques
Island in February. This species was originally described from
Cayenne, French Guiana, and has been reported from Puerto Rico,
Cuba, Jamaica, Florida, New York, and Mexico, while the U. S.
National Museum contains specimens from Georgia, South Carolina,
Louisiana, California, and Brazil. Macquart has also recorded it from
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Java, and Australia, but it is very doubt-
ful that this species occurs in either of the two last-named localities.
Calobata lunulata of van der Wulp! is a synonym, as that author sus-
pected it might be.
MICROPEZA LIMBATA Roeder.
A single specimen collected at Mayaguez in January. The species
was originally described from Puerto Rico.
Family ORTALID ®.
EUXESTA THOM Loew.
Fifteen specimens, collected at Bayamon, Mayaguez, and Aguadilla
in January, and Arroyo and Vieques Island in February. The type
locality is St. Thomas, West Indies.
! Biol. Cent.-Am., II, p. 372.
Proce. N. M. vol. xxii——17
258 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
EUXESTA STIGMATIAS Loew.
Three specimens, from Mayaguez and Aguadilla in January, and
Vieques Island in February. This species was originally described
from specimens collected in Cuba and Brazil, and has been reported
from Puerto Rico and St. Vincent Island.
EUXESTA SPOLIATA Loew.
Two specimens, from Aguadilla in January, and Fajardo in Febru-
ary. It was originally described from Cuba, and von Roeder has
already reported its occurrence in Puerto Rico.
EUXESTA APICALIS Williston.
A single specimen, captured at Utuado in January. The type loeal-
ity is St. Vincent, West Indies.
Family TRY PETID 44.
ACIURA INSECTA Loew.
Twenty-one specimens, from Aguadilla, Mayaguez, and Utuado in
January, and Fajardo in February. Originally described from Cuba,
this species has been reported from Puerto Rico, Haiti, Jamaica, Florida,
Colombia, and Brazil.
TEPHRITIS PEREGRINA Loew.
Thirteen specimens, collected at Aguadilla and Mayaguez in Jan-
uary, and Vieques Island in February. Originally described from Brazil,
it has also been reported from St. Vincent, West Indies.
>
Family SAPROMYZID AK.
PHYSEGENUA OBSCURIPENNIS Bigot.
Thirteen specimens, from Utuado, Mayaguez, and Aguadilla in Jan-
uary. Originally described from Cuba, it has been reported from
Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and South America. Von Roeder has already
published the fact that Lauxania variegata Loew, also described from
Cuba, is a synonym of the present species.
SAPROMYZA SORDIDA Wiedemann.
A single specimen, collected at Aguadillain January. This species
was originally described from the West Indies, and the U. 8. National
Museum contains specimens which were collected in Florida and
Georgia.
LONCHZA LONGICORNIS Williston.
A single specimen, captured at Utnado in January. Originally
described from St. Vincent, West Indies.
NO. 1198. DIPTERA FROM PUERTO RICO—COQUILLETT. 259
Family SHPSIDA.
SEPSIS INSULARIS Williston.
Twenty-eight specimens, collected at Aguadilla, Mayaguez, Bayamon,
and Utuado in January and Fajardo and Vieques Island in February.
The species was originally described from St. Vincent, West Indies.
Family EPHYDRID4.
NOTIPHILA VIRGATA, new species.
Male: Black, the greater part of the antenne, palpi, apex of probos-
cis, halteres, and middle and hind tibiz and their tarsi, yellow, the front
tibiz and tarsi, brown, their bases sometimes yellowish, the other tibize
changing into brownish toward their apices; front opaque, yellowish
gray pruinose, a black spot between the ocelli, extending downward
about halfway to lower edge of the front, and a short distance on either
side of this spot is a black vitta which extends across the front and is
greatly dilated at its lower end; face yellow pruinose, bearing one or
two lateral pairs of macrochetz on the lower part; thorax opaque, gray
pruinose, mesonotum marked with five black vitte, all, with the excep-
tion of the outer pair, extending entirely across it, the median one
posteriorly forked, each fork uniting with the adjacent vitta, the outer
pair of vittze considerably abbreviated anteriorly; a brown vitta on the
upper part of the pleura and two converging ones almost crossing the
scutellum; abdomen opaque, gray pruinose, a pair of large black spots
on the front part of segments 2, 3, and 5, each spot at its inner side cross-
ing the segment, the pair on segment 5 slightly polished; the gray
portions are marked with several black dots; fourth segment marked
with a transverse row of four black, triangular spots besides several
black dots; wings grayish hyaline. Length, 3.5mm. Six male speci-
mens, taken at Utuado and Bayamon in January, and Arroyo and
Vieques Island in February.
Type.—Cat. No. 4376, U.S.N.M.
PARALIMNA DECIPIENS Loew.
Three specimens, collected at Utuado and Mayaguez in January.
This species was originally described from Texas, and it also occurs in
Georgia and Florida.
PARALIMNA OBSCURA Williston.
Two specimens, taken at Bayamon in January and Fajardo in Feb-
ruary. Originally described from St. Vincent, West Indies, it has also
been reported from Brazil.
260 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
ILYTHEA OSCITANS Walker.
A. single specimen, captured at Utuado in January. This species
was originally described from the United States, without any mention
of the exact locality. I have examined a specimen captured in Massa-
chusetts, forming a part of Dr. Garry de N. Hough’s collection.
ILYTHEA FLAVIPES Williston.
Four specimens, captured at Utuado and Bayamon in January. It
was originally described from St. Vincent, West Indies, and has also
been reported from Rio Janeiro, Brazil.
ATHYROGLOSSA NITIDA Williston.
Three specimens, taken at Fajardo and Vieques Island in February.
This species was also originally described from St. Vincent.
PSILOPA ACICULATA Loew.
Forty-seven specimens, collected at Utuado, Mayaguez, Bayamon,
and Aguadilla in January, and Arroyo, Fajardo, and Vieques Island
in February. Originally described from Cuba, it has also been reported
from St. Vincent and Grenada islands, and from Rio Janeiro, Brazil.
I have studied specimens collected in Georgia and Louisiana, forming
part of the collection of Dr. Hough.
PSILOPA NIGRIMANA Williston.
Four specimens, collected at Utuado and Bayamon in January. Orig-
inally described from St. Vincent, West Indies, it has also been reported
from Brazil.
PSILOPA MELLIPES, new species.
Male and female: Body and head polished, black or bronze green; in
the latter case usually with a strong violaceous tinge; antenne brown,
elongated, the third joint from two to almost three times as long as
wide; a single macrocheta near each lower corner of the face; probos-
cis brown, the apex yellow, palpi brown; thorax bearing a single pair of
dorso-central macrochete; fourth segment of abdomen the longest—
about twice as long as the fifth in the male, but only one and one-fourth
times in the female; halteres and legs, including the coxa, yellow;
wings hyaline; apex of second vein midway between apices of the first
and third veins. Length, 1 to 1.5 mm. Four specimens. collected at
Utuado in January and Arroyo in February.
Type.—Cat. No. 4377, U.S.N.M.
ALLOTRICHOMA ABDOMINALIS Williston.
A single specimen, taken at Utuado in January. It was originally
described from St. Vincent, West Indies, and has also been reported
from Brazil.
No. 1198. DIPTERA FROM PUERTO RICO—COQUILLETT. 261
onl
DISCOCERINA PARVA Loew.
Six specimens, taken at Aguadilla in January and Arroyo and Vie-
ques Island in February. This species was originally described from
the District of Columbia, and the U. 8S. National Museum contains a
specimen captured at Lake Worth, Florida, by Mrs. A. T. Slosson.
DISCOCERINA LEUCOPROCTA Loew.
Eleven specimens, from Utuado, Mayaguez, and Aguadilla in Janu-
ary and Arroyo, Fajardo, and Vieques Island in February. It was
originally described from Maryland.
HYDRELLIA GILVIPES, new species.
Male: Black, the greater part of the antenne, median vitta on the
face, the cheeks, palpi, and legs, including the front tarsi, yellow, knob
of the halteres whitish; front opaque, dark gray pruinose, the lower
corners brown; face and cheeks yellowish-gray pruinose; a row of
about seven short bristles extending from the lower part of the face to
the occiput, crossing the cheek near the eye; third joint of antennz
oval, only slightly longer than broad; thorax and scutellum opaque,
grayish-brown pruinose, that on the pleura light gray; two pairs of
dorso-central macrochet, no bristly hairs between them; abdomen
polished, the center of the second segment and posterior margin of the
third yellowish gray pruinose; fourth segment longer than any of the
others, about one and one-third times as long as the fifth; wings yel-
lowish hyaline, the apex of the second vein nearly midway between
the apices of the first and third veins. Length, 1.2 mm. A single
specimen, collected at Bayamon in January.
Type.—Cat. No. 4378, U.S.N.M.
PTILOMYIA, new genus.
Second joint of antenne bearing a short, forwardly directed macro-
cheta at its anterior upper angle, the third joint shorter than broad,
rounded at the apex, arista bearing about six long bristles on the upper
side and with about three shorter ones on the lower side; front slightly
contracted at the lower end, two pairs of vertical bristles and two
fronto-orbitals, the upper pair of the latter directed backward, the lower
one forward, ocellar bristles located higher than the lowest ocellus; no
postvertical bristles, front destitute of bristles other than those above
mentioned; head in profile forming nearly an equilateral, acute-angled
triangle, face convex, not retreating at the orai margin, bearing a
transverse row of about six macrochetz a short distance above the
oral margin and with two on each side of the face near the middle;
cheeks about one-tenth as wide as the eyeheight, each bearing a stout
macrocheta near its center, clypeus hidden, mouth opening very large,
proboscis excessively large, enlarging outwardly, palpi slender and
nearly linear; eyes bare; auxiliary vein obsolete apically, second basal
262 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL.
cell united with the discal, anal cell wanting, costal vein extending
beyond the apex of the fourth vein; legs destitute of stout macrochete.
Type, the following species:
PTILOMYIA ENIGMA, new species.
Female: Black, the lower side of the third antennal joint and bases of
tarsi yellow, halteres yellowish white; head, thorax, and scutellum
opaque, dark-gray pruinose, abdomen slightly polished, very thinly
brownish pruinose, ovate, composed of six segments, the first and sixth
very short, the others subequal in length, each about three times as
long as the sixth; wings whitish hyaline, first vein extending slightly
beyond the small crossvein, apex of second vein slightly nearer to apex
of first than to tip of third vein, first posterior cell slightly widening
toward its apex, last section of the fourth vein nearly one and one-half
times as long as the penultimate section, hind crossvein slightly shorter
than the last section of the fifth vein. Length, 0.9 mm. A single
specimen, collected at Bayamon in January.
Type.—Cat. No. 4379, U.S.N.M.
Family DROSOPHILID.
STENOMICRA, new genus.
Wings narrow. oblanceolate, the alulee wanting, the posterior margiu
of the wing convex from base to apex, first vein reaching only to the
branching of the second and third veins, small crossvein midway
between this branching and the hind crossvein, the latter about eight
times its own length from the apex of the fifth vein, penultimate section
of the fourth vein about one-eighth as long as the last section, first
posterior cell narrowed at its apex, second basal cell united with the
discal, anal cell present, tip of second vein nearly midway between
the apices of the first and third veins, costal vein prolonged beyond
the apex of the fourth vein; ocelli situated near the center of the front,
two pairs of vertical bristles and one fronto-orbital, the latter situated
below the middle of the orbits, no ocellar nor postvertical bristles;
second joint of antenn bearing a short, forwardly directed macrocheta
near the upper outer corner, the third joint broader than long, rounded
at the apex, arista bearing several long bristles on the upper side and
with a few shorter ones on the lower side; face in profile slightly concave,
projecting forward at the oral margin, vibriss distinct; mesonotum
destitute of short bristly hairs, bearing two pairs of dorsocentral
macrochetze, scutellum with a single pair; tibiz destitute of a pre-
apical bristle. Type, the following species:
STENOMICRA ANGUSTATA, new species.
Head and its members yellow, the front and occiput opaque, thinly
whitish pruinose, an ocellar dot black; mesonotum and scutellum
NO. 1198. DIPTERA FROM PUERTO RICO—COQUILLETT. 263
brown, opaque, densely whitish pruinose; pleura, halteres, legs, and
abdomen yellow, the latter in the female brownish at each end, in the
male brown on the third and fourth segments; wings hyaline. Length,
1mm. Two specimens, collected at Bayamon and Utuado in January.
Type.—Cat. No. 4380, U.S.N.M.
CLADOCHA®TA, new genus.
Antenne projecting obliquely forward and downward, nearly perpen-
dicular, almost as long as the face, the second joint bearing a nearly
erect macrocheta at the middle of the upper side and with a smaller,
forwardly directed one at the anterior upper angle; third joint scarcely
longer than the second, as wide as long, the arista inserted near its
base, bare, near the base of the upper side bearing a single bristle
which is almost half as long as the arista proper; front bearing two
pairs of vertical bristles, one pair of postvertical and one of ocellar,
two pairs of orbital bristles, placed one behind the other, the lower
pair only slightly below the middle of the front and directed forward,
the other pair directed outward and backward, a very small back-
wardly directed one between the lower one and the eye; on each side of
the middle of the lower half of the front are four or five pairs of short
bristles directed inward; head at lower part longer than at insertion of
antenne; face in profile strongly concave, vibrisse well developed;
eyes nearly bare, slightly higher than long; cheeks about one-ninth
as wide as height of eye, proboscis short, very robust, palpi clavate;
legs rather short and slender, nearly bare, each tibia bearing an erect
preapical bristle on the outer side, front femora bearing a row of bristles
on the upper and under sides; auxiliary vein becoming obsolete beyond
its middle, first vein scarcely reaching beyond the first fifth of the
length of the wing, apex of second vein over twice as far from the apex
of the first vein as from the tip of the third, the latter at the extreme
wing-tip, fourth vein outwardly diverging from the third, hind cross-
vein slightly more than its own length from the apex of the fifth vein,
small crossvein slightly before the middle of the discal cell and far
beyond the apex of the first vein, penultimate section of the fourth vein
only slightly more than half as long as the last section, second basal
cell united with the discal, anal cell present, the sixth vein not pro-
longed beyond the apex of the latter. Type, the following species:
CLADOCHAETA NEBULOSA, new species.
Male and female: Head opaque, yellow, the front, except the orbits,
brownish yellow, ocellar dot brown, eyes brownish red, antennz brown,
the first two joints yellow, palpi and proboscis yellow; thorax dark
yellow, subopaque, thinly gray pruinose, two pairs of dorsocentral
macrochete, the bristly hairs between them numerous and not dis-
tinetly arranged in rows; three pairs of supra-alar bristles, one priesu-
tural, two posthumeral, one humeral, and two sternoplural; scutellum
dark yellow, the margin lighter, bare except for the four marginal
264 PROCEEDINGS. OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
macrochete; abdomen reddish brown, somewhat polished; wings gray-
ish, the costal margin to a little beyond the third vein smoky brown,
darkest in apex of the marginal cell, both crossveins clouded with
brown; the costal vein extends to the apex of the fourth vein; legs and
halteres pale yellow. Length,1to1.2mm. One male and four females
collected at Bayamon, Mayaguez, and A guadilla in January, and Arroyo
and Vieques Island in February. Also, a single specimen collected at
Motzorongo, Mexico, in January, 1892, by Prof. Herbert Osborn.
Type.—Cat. No. 4381, U.S.N.M.
DROSOPHILA FUNEBRIS Fallen.
Eleven specimens, captured at Bayamon, Mayaguez, and Utuado in
January. A Huropean species, which also occurs over the greater
portion of the United States.
DROSOPHILA VITTATA Coquillett.
A single specimen, captured at Arroyo in February. The type
locality of this species is Charlotte Harbor, Florida.
DROSOPHILA FUSCA, new species.
Brown, the halteres and legs, including the coxe, yellow; front
slightly polished, destitute of short hairs, not pruinose, two pairs of
orbital bristles, one placed in front of the other; body noticeably
polished, not pruinose, two pairs of dorsocentral macrochetz, the short
bristly hairs between them not disposed in rows; wings hyaline, apex
of second vein nearly twice as far from the apex of the first as from
that of the third vein; last section of the fourth vein almost twice as
long as the preceding section; last section of fifth vein two-thirds as
long as the penultimate section of the fourth; costal vein prolonged to
the apex of the fourth vein. Length,1 mm. A single specimen, col-
lected at Utuado in January.
Type.—Cat. No. 4382, U.S.N.M.
-
Family GEOMYZIDA.
ANTHOMYZA NIGRIMANA, new species.
Frontal triangle polished black, reaching almost to the lower end of
the front and filling the space between the frontal orbits, the latter, on
the upper portion to the single pair of fronto-orbital bristles, polished
black, remainder of front opaque, brown, the lower corners yellow; face
less than one-fourth as broad as the front at its middle, yellow; first
two joints of antenne brownish yellow, the third yellowish white, arista
brown, greatly thickened at the base, rather densely and long plumose;
proboscis yellow, palpi brown, occiput and body polished black; legs,
including the coxe, yellow, the front tibix and first three joints of their
NO, 1198. DIPTERA FROM PUERTO RICO—COQUILLETT. 265
tarsi black; wings hyaline, halteres whitish, the knobs longer than the
stems. Length, 1.2 mm. Three specimens, collected at Utuado and
Mayaguez in January.
Type.—Cat. No. 4383, U.S.N.M.
Family OSCINID 4.
GAURAX LANCIFER, new species.
Yellow, the antennal arista, an ocellar dot, a somewhat lanceolate
spot on the posterior half of the mesonotum, an oval spot on the pos-
terior lower corner of the mesopleura, usually one on the lower part of
the pteropleura, and the dorsum of the abdomen except at its base,
black; mesonotum polished, marked with three reddish-yellow vittz,
scutellum in outline nearly triangular; wings hyaline. Length, 1.5 to 2
mm. Hight specimens were bred in February from larve infesting the
egg-sacs of a spider at San Juan. Also, five specimens, bred by Mr.
H. G. Hubbard, March 16, 1894, from larve infesting the egg-sacs of
a Spider at Montserrat, West Indies.
Type.—Cat. No. 4384, U.S.N.M.
HIPPELATES CONVEXUS Loew.
Thirty-four specimens, collected at Mayaguez, Bayamon, Utuado, and
Aguadilla in January, and Fajardo, Arroyo, and Vieques Island in
February. The species was originally described from Cuba, but also
occurs in the southern portion of the United States and in Mexico.
Three specimens from the last-named country were collected April 10,
1898, by Dr. L. O. Howard, at San Jose de Guaymas.
HIPPELATES PUSIO Loew.
Eighteen specimens, from Mayaguez, Bayamon, and Aguadilla in
January, and Fajardo and Arroyo in February. It was originally
described from Texas, but ranges as far northward as New Bedford,
Massachusetts.
HIPPELATES FLAVIPES Loew.
Five specimens, from Fajardo and Vieques Island in February. The
species was originally described from Cuba, but occurs in this country
as far northward as Franconia, New Hampshire; this appears to be the
most northern limit of any species belonging to the present genus. The
specimens from St. Vincent, West Indies, which Dr. Williston refers
to H. flavipes, evidently belong to some other species, since flavipes
belongs to his own subgenus Siphomyia, whereas he referred his speci-
mens to Hippelates as restricted.
HIPPELATES TENER, new species.
Head reddish yellow, the sides of the vertex brown, the occiput, except
the lower portion, black; frontal triangle polished dark brown, widely
266 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
separated from the eyes and reaching about to the middle of the front,
rounded below, front outside of the triangle sparsely covered with
bristly hairs; antenne yellow, upper edge and apex of the third joint
black, arista dark brown; palpi and proboscis yellow, apical portion of
the latter black, labella slender, folded back; mesonotum dark brown,
somewhat polished, but sparsely covered with an appressed yellowish
tomentum, one pair of small dorsocentral macrochete, the bristly hairs
not arranged in rows; pleura reddish yellow, a brown spot on the sterno-
pleura and another above the hind cox; scutellum yellow, metanotum
and abdomen polished brown; legs yellow and brownish, bases of tarsi
yellow; wings hyaline; halteres yellowish white. Length,1.5mm. Six
specimens, collected at Utuado in January, and Fajardo in February.
Type.—Cat. No. 4385, U.S.N.M.
OSCINIS ANONYMA Williston.
Forty-nine specimens, collected at Mayaguez, Bayamon, Utuado, and
Aguadilla in January, and Fajardo, Arroyo, and Vieques Island in
February. Originally described from St. Vincent, West Indies.
OSCINIS VIRGATA Coquillett.
Seven specimens, from Bayamon, Utuado, and Aguadilla in January,
and Vieques Island in February. The species was originally described
from Colorado.
OSCINIS QUADRILINEATA Williston.
Three specimens, taken at Bayamon and Mayaguez in January, and
Fajardo in February. Originally described from St. Vincent, West
Indies.
OSCINIS OBSCURA, new species.
Black, the labella, halteres, under side of the abdomen, apices of
femora, front and middle tibix, both ends of the hind ones, and the
tarsi except at their apices, yellow; base of abdomen sometimes yellow-
ish; frontal triangle polished, almost touching the eyes at the vertex,
reaching the lowest third of the front; labella slender, pointed. folded
back; mesonotum and scutellum somewhat opaque, thinly brownish
pruinose, no dorsocentral macrochete, pleura and abdomen polished ;
wings hyaline, apex of the second vein midway between the apices of
the first and third. Length, 1 to 1.5mm. Seventeen specimens, col-
lected at Mayaguez, Bayamon, and Utuado in January, and Vieques
Island in February.
Type.—Cat. No. 4386, U.S.N.M.
OSCINIS COXENDIX Fitch.
Ten specimens, from Mayaguez, Bayamon, and Utuado in January,
and Fajardo in February. This species also occurs from New Hamp-
shire to Florida, and westward to Colorado.
NO. 1198. DIPTERA FROM PUERTO RICO—COQUILLETT. 267
OSCINIS NANA Williston.
Nine specimens, collected at Mayaguez, Utuado, and Aguadilla in
January, and Arroyo and Vieques Island in February. Originally
described from St. Vincent, West Indies. *
OSCINIS UMBROSA Loew.
Nine specimens, taken at Mayaguez, Bayamon, Utuado, and Agua-
dillain January. This species was originally described from Pennsyl-
vania, and the U. S. National Museum contains specimens collected in
the District of Columbia and Indiana.
CHLOROPS TRIVITTATA Williston.
A single specimen, captured at Arroyo in February. The species
was originally reported from St. Vincent, West Indies.
SIGALOESSA BICOLOR Loew.
One specimen, taken at Fajardo in February. The type locality of
this species is Cuba.
Family AGROMYZID.
DESMOMETOPA HALTERALIS, new species.
Black, the bases of the tarsi yellow, a yellow spot between the anten-
ne and a densely gray pruinose one on the lower edge of the face; front
wholly polished, proboscis slender, horny, the labella nearly as long as
the proboscis proper and folded back; thorax and scutellum polished,
two pairs of dorsocentral macrochete; abdomen subopaque, the sides
and the fifth and following segments polished; wings white, costal and
first veins yellow, the others white, first posterior cell narrowed at
its apex. Length, 2 to2.5mm. A single specimen captured at Utuado
in January; also seven specimens, collected at New Bedtord, Massa-
chusetts (Dr. Garry de N. Hough), Lake Worth, Florida (Mrs. A. T.
Slosson), New Mexico (Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell), and Colorado (Mr.
Carl F. Baker).
Type.—Cat. No. 4387, U.S.N.M.
AGROMYZA ANEIVENTRIS Fallen.
Nine specimens, collected at Utuado, Bayamon, Aguadilla, and
Mayaguez in January, and Fajardo in February. This is a European
species which also occurs over the greater portion of the United States.
AGROMYZA NEPTIS Loew.
Two specimens, from Aguadilla and Mayaguez in January. This
species was originally described from Nebraska; the U. S. National
Museum contains specimens from several other localities, ranging from
Massachusetts to Florida and Texas.
268 PROCKEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOU. xx.
AGROMYZA SETOSA Loew.
A single specimen, captured at Utuado in January. This species
was originally reported from the District of Columbia, mG 2 occurs over
the greater portion of the United States.
AGROMYZA JUCUNDA van der Wulp.
Two specimens, collected at Utuado and Mayaguez in January.
Originally reported from Wisconsin, but now found in nearly every State
in this country, and Williston reports it from St. Vincent, West Indies,
describing it as a supposed new species under the name of Agromyza
lateralis, new species. The latter name was used by Macquart for a
European species as long ago as the year 1835.!
AGROMYZA DIMINUTA Walker.
A single specimen, captured at Fajardo in February. ‘This species
was originally reported from the United States without mention of any
more definite locality. It is found over the greater portion of our
country.
LOBIOPTERA INDECORA Loew.
A single specimen, collected on Vieques Island in February. Origi-
nally reported from Nebraska, it also occurs in the eastern part of this
country, ranging from New Hampshire to Georgia.
OPHTHALMOMYIA LACTEIPENNIS Loew.
One specimen, collected at Bayamon in January. The type locality
of this species is Cuba, but specimens are in the U.S. National Museum
which were collected at different points in this country, ranging from
the District of Columbia to Florida, and westward to New Mexico; it
has also been reported from St. Vincent, West Indies.
OPHTHALMOMYIA CINEREA, new species.
Head black, opaque, gray pruinose, antenne black, the lower por-
tion of the base of the third joint yellowish, palpi yellow, proboscis
black, the labella yellowish, rather robust, and only slightly prolonged;
thorax and scutellum black, opaque, gray pruinose, mesonotum marked
with five black vitte, of which the median one is prolonged almost
across the scutellum, bristly hairs of mesonotum arising from minute
black dots, front end and lower portion of the pleura almost destitute
of the gray pruinosity; abdomen subopaque, brownish black; legs
brownish black, halteres light yellow, wings whitish, the costal and first
veins yellowish, the others white. Length,1.5mm. A single specimen,
collected at Bayamon in January. Although aberrant in its markings,
this species possesses all of the important structural characters of the
preceding.
ToD —Cat. No. 4388, U.S.N.M.
nose Nat. a5 Tae ae, II, p. 609.
No. 1198. ' DIPTERA FROM PUERTO RICO—COQUILLETT. 269
CERATOMYZA DORSALIS Loew.
Two specimens, collected at Arroyo and Vieques Island in February.
This species was originally reported from the District of Columbia,
but occurs over the greater portion of this country, extending as far
westward as Colorado.
LEUCOPIS BELLA Loew.
Three specimens, bred February 2, from larve preying upon Dactyl-
opius citrt on Culebra Island. Originally described from Cuba, but
having a wide distribution, extending from Nova Scotia to California
and Mexico. .
Family BORBORID.
LIMOSINA FONTINALIS Fallen.
Nineteen specimens, from Bayamon, Utuado, and Mayaguez in Jan-
uary, and Arroyo and Fajardo in February. A European species, which
also occurs in the District of Columbia and has been reported from
Florida by Mr. C. W. Johnson.
LIMOSINA VENALICIUS Osten Sacken.
Two specimens, collected at Utuado in January. This species was
originally described from Cuba, but also occurs at Biscayne Bay, Flor-
ida, and has been reported from St. Vincent, West Indies, Brazil, and
Africa. Osten Sacken referred it to the genus Borborus, in which
genus it is retained by Williston, but it is a typical Limosina, as is also
the Borborus illotus of Williston.
LIMOSINA LUGUBRIS Williston.
Two specimens, taken at Aguadilla and Utuado in January. This
species was originally reported from St. Vincent, West Indies.
LIMOSINA PERPARVA Williston.
Three specimens, collected at Mayaguez and Utuado in January and
Culebra Island in February. This species was also originally reported
from St. Vincent.
Family HIPPOBOSCID.
ORNITHOMYIA ERYTHROCEPHALA Leach.
Hight specimens, captured on a sparrow hawk at Adjunctos in Jan-
uary; also a Single specimen, collected at Culebra Island in February.
This species was originally described from Brazil, but occurs over a
large portion of the Western Continent, having been reported by Osten
Sacken as occurring as far northward as Quebec, Canada.
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TRICHOBIUS DUGESII Townsend.
Sixty-two specimens, collected on bats in a cave near Bayamon in
January. The species was originally described from Mexico, and the
U.S. National Museum contains specimens collected by Mr. H. F.
Wickham at Tucson, Arizona, and by Mr. H. G. Hubbard near
Kingston, Jamaica.
ASPIDOPTERA BUSCKII Coquillett.
A single specimen representing this genus and species was collected
with the preceding specimens.
PTERELLIPSIS ARANEA Cogquillett.
Twenty-three specimens, collected with the preceding. This species
was originally reported from Jamaica and Montserrat, West Indies.
THE DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AFRICA.
By Mary J. RATHBUN,
Second Assistant Curator, Division of Marine Invertebrates.
This paper was prepared.at the request of Prof. O. F. Cook, for the
help of collectors and students on the west coast of Africa, and it was
his intention to publish it as an appendix to his report of work done
for the New York State Colonization Society. The preparation of that
report having been unavoidably delayed, it was thought best to publish
this portion while it is complete. The region covered extends on the
continent from Senegal to Portuguese West Africa, inclusive, or from
the River Senegal at about 16° north latitude to the River Kunene at
17° south latitude. It includes the fresh waters tributary to this coast
and the islands in the Gulf of Guinea, namely, Princes Island, St.
Thomas, and Rolas.
A comparison of the ranges of the species found in this area empha-
sizes the relation of the fauna to those of America and Europe rather
-than to the fauna of South and East Africa. Of the 152 species enumer-
ated, 40 occur also in some of the islands west and northwest of Africa—
the Azores, Madeiras, Canaries, Cape Verde Islands, Ascension Island,
or St. Helena—24 species have been recorded from the Atlantic coast
of America, 25 from Europe or the Mediterranean, 8 are South African,
5 East African, 6 extend to the west coast of America, while 15 occur
in the oriental region. The widespread species, Planes minutus,
Grapsus grapsus, and Pachygrapsus transversus are excluded from the
foregoing count.
More than half the species of the list are known to the writer only
from descriptions. Professor Cook and his colleagues have extended
the range of several species, and have added one, Clibanarius cooki, to
those hitherto known
The classification used in this paper is chiefly, but not wholly, that
of Claus in the Grundziige der Zoologie. The key to families is made
up partly from definitions in that work, and largely from those in
Stebbing’s History of Crustacea.
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXII—No. 1199.
bo
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272 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII,
KEY TO THE SUBORDERS, TRIBES, AND FAMILIES OF THE ORDER DECAPODA,
F REPRESENTED ON THE WEST COAST OF AFRICA.
A. Body short, with the carapace usually wide and triangular, rounded or quadrate,
and the sternal surface excavated and covered by the abdomen,
which is folded forward and narrow in the males, but wide in
the sftemiales sae eee eee eee ee ae Suborder BRACHYURA.
B. Branchizw not more than nine.
C. Buceal frame quadrate; efferent branchial channels opening at sides of
endostome.
D. Carapace quadrilateral. Frontal region curved downward. Verges of
male inserted either in sternal plastron or in basal joints of
fifth pair of legs, thence passing through channels in sternum
ibeneathvabdomeneese sees are eras eee Tribe CATOMETOPA.
E. Carapace hard and firm. Front, orbits, and eyestalks not very small.
Buccal frame quadrate anteriorly.
F. Carapace moderately convex or depressed; branchial regions not
greatly dilated. ;
G. Third maxillipeds with fifth joint articulated at the front inner
angle usually. Front of moderate width or very narrow. EHye-
stalks often greatly elongate...........--- Family OCYPODID.
G’. Third maxillipeds with fifth joint articulated at apex or front outer
angle of fourth. Front usually broad. Eye-stalks of moderate
BEZen A? oh Chum aM nynaRh tcc ie eatin Soh OR In eRe Family GRAPSIDA.
}’. Carapace very convex, especially dilated over and in front of the
branchial regions; antero-lateral margins entire and strongly
arcuate. Seventh joint of walking legs often armed with longi-
tudinal rows of spines. Land crabs..... Family GECARCINIDA.
E’. Carapace more or less membranaceous. Front, orbits, and eyestalks
very small. Buccal frame arcuate anteriorly. Species of small
size, and may be found in shells of bivalve mollusks, tests of sea-
urchins, and tubes of annelids~.-_-...--- Family PINNOTHERID®.
D’. Carapace not quadrilateral. Male genital openings on the basal joint of
the fifth pair of legs.
E. Carapace broad, short, rounded anteriorly, without projecting frontal
POSURE Se Use ean See ey tarets re eee ee ttre Tribe CYCLOMETOPA.
F. Buccal cavity well defined. Antennule folded transversely or ob-
liquely transversely.
G. Carapace convex. Terminal joint of last pair of legs not fiatly
expanded.
H. Terminal joint of the last pair of legs usually spinuliferous. Species
fluviatile or living in damp earth away from the sea.
Family POTAMONID®.
H’. Terminal joint of last pair of legs usually unarmed. Species
MUM DTN © sss ee Sk A SN a ah ee ee Family PILUMNID#.
G’. Carapace depressed, widest at the last antero-lateral marginal
spine. Usually from 5 to 9 antero-lateral teeth or spines. _ Ter-
minal joint of last pair of legs usually flatly expanded.
Family PORTUNID.
F’. Buccal cavity not sharply defined, the third maxillipeds usually
extending over its anterior margin. Antennule folded longi-
buvdinalliliy pps Seer Amey ee ees Se eee cena Family CANCRIDA.
E’. Carapace usually triangular, with projecting pointed rostrum.
Tribe OXYRHYNCHA.
F. Basal joint of antennz well developed, inserted beneath the eves and
usually forming a great part of the infra-ocular space.
Family MAILDa.
NO. 1199. CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AFRICA—RATHBUN. oS
F’. Basal joint of antenne very small, and with the next joint embedded
in the narrow gap between the front and the inner orbital
AMO Cee er cesieesm epsom eee se ae Family PARTHENOPID &.
C’. Buccal frame usually triangular, narrowed forward. Efferent channels
opening at middle of endostome. Male genital openings on the
basal joint of the last pair of legs....-.--. Tribe OXYSTOMATA.
D. Last one or two pairs of feet not articulated higher up than the preceding
pairs.
E. Afferent channels to the branchiz opening behind the pterygostomian
regions and in front of the chelipeds.
F. Fifth and following joints of the third maxillipeds not wholly con-
cealed by the fourth joint..--...-.-....... Family CALAPPIDA.
F’. Fitth and following joints of the third maxillipeds concealed behind
the triangular acute fourth joint.......-_-- Family.MATUTID&.
E’. Afferent channels to the branchi not in front of bases of chelipeds, but
at the antero-lateral angles of the endostome.
Family LEUCOSIIDA.
D’. Last one or two pairs of feet articulated higher up than the preceding
pairs.
K. Afferent channels to the branchiz in front of bases of chelipeds.
Family DORIPPIDA.
HK’. Afferent channels to the branchiz not in front of bases of chelipeds.
Pleon short, not folded under the carapace.
Family RANINID A.
B’. Branchiew more than nine.----- a possi aE Yate Ws Sil nna as eae ae Tribe ANOMALA.
C. Last one or two pairs of feet subdorsal, often prehensile, for carrying a shell,
sponge, or leaf over the body as a means of concealment.
Family DROMID&.
A’. Body elongate, with the abdomen or pleon usually well developed, longer than
the carapace, and extended, or partially so, never closely reflexed
against phesbermuny jess ssa! sop seen Suborder MACRURA,.
B. Body not compressed. Rostrum depressed, often wanting. First abdominal
segment shorter and narrower than the following. Abdominal
appendages not oar-shaped. The articulation between the car-
pus and propodus at two fixed points.
C. Abdomen with hard integument, tapering, and recurved from the middle, and
without a swimming fan. Second to fifth pairs of legs short
and wide, with terminal joint wide, curved outwardly for swim-
ming and digging in the sand...--........---- Tribe HIPPIDEA.
Family HIPPID 2.
C’. Abdomen sometimes sott; when hard it is usually provided with a swimming
fan. Second to fifth pairs of legs not wide nor with terminal
joint flattened and curved for swimming and digging.
D. Abdomen or pleon usually soft and membranaceous and spirally twisted.
Carapace weak or membranaceous behind the cervical groove.
Chelipeds and two following pairs of legs well developed, the
last two pairs small, one or both being usually chelate.
Tribe PAGURIDEA.
K. First antennze with peduncle elongate, first joint as long as eyestalks.
Second antennze with peduncle compressed. Hermit crabs
HANI SH eres es We aay a ee Naa eC Re a ea Family Ca:NOBITID.
KE’. First antenn with peduncle of moderate size, first joint short and stout.
Second antenne with peduncle subcylindrical. Hermit crabs.
Family PAGURIDZ.
_D’. Abdomen or pleon with firm integument. Carapace not weak behind the
- cervical groove.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii
18
Ze PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
E. Pleon with segments not overlapping. Rostrum minute orabsent. Car-
apace short. First pair of legs chelate. Eyes small. Burrow-
DIVO STAND Sine es ale eee ese eer rer eee Tribe THALASSINIDEA.
Family CALLIANASSID.
kK’. Pleon with segments overlapping.
F’. First pair of legs simple or only subchelate. Carapace with yery thick
INGE SUITS TILER Ne ean Ae MEL shih dee. ARAN Tribe LoricaTa.
G. Carapace subcylindrical; external antenne very long and rigid.
CA Syomony NOSE 4.5506 so5d55 bobece os oaee Family PALINURID&.
- G’. Carapace flattened; external antenne flat, short, squamiform.
Family SCYLLARID A,
E’. First pair of legs chelate. Carapace with moderately firm integument.
Tribe PORCELLANIDEA.
Family PORCELLANID 2.
B’. Body more or less compressed. Rostrum usually compressed. Pleon elongate,
not inflexed; appendages oar-shaped. Articulation between
the carpus ‘and propodus at only one fixed point.
Tribe CARIDEA.
Cc. First three pairs of legs chelate; rostrum laterally compressed.
Family PENZIDA.
C’. First three pairs of legs not all chelate. ©
D. Rostrum long; first and second pairs of legs chelate; last three pairs
simple.
EK. Second pair of legs with carpal joint undivided. Sometimes fluviatile.
Family PALZMONIDA.
K’. Second pair of legs with carpal joint divided into segments.
Family HIPPOLYTIDA.
D’. Rostrum very small] or absent.
EK. Eyestalks short, more or less covered by the projection of the front
margin of the carapace; first pair of legs robustly chelate,
sometimes unsymmetrical; second pair long and_ slender,
MMR! OMENS caccaccesoaacoosedede sco5ée Family ALPHEIDA.
kK’. Eyestalks not covered by the front margin of the carapace.
I. First and second pairs of legs distinctly chelate, with spoon-shaped
inoexenes. | Shp NaleNAls\. se oboe csan dose coSuns ocaeds Family aryIpé.
I’. First and second pairs of legs more or less chelate. Fingers not spoon-
shaped=) Manin esisetce sacs een nee: Family CRANGONID.
Suborder BRACHYURA.
Tribe CATOMETOPA.
Family OCYPODID A.
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN GENERA OF THE FAMILY OCYPODIDA.
A. Carapace quadrate; sides entire; front narrow; orbits occupying nearly the
whole width of the carapace.
B. Eye peduncles large; chelee in male somewhat unequal_.......-_.. Ocypode.
B’. Eve peduncles slender; chele in male extremely unequal...._......--. Uca.
A’. Carapace with arcuate anterior margins; front and orbits of moderate width.
B. Antero-lateral margins distinctly dentate..........-..-......-- Pilumnoplax.
B’. Antero-lateral margins obscurely lobate...._...-...-....--.- Typhlocarcinus.
No, 1199. CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AFRICA—RATHBUN. 275
Genus OCYPODE Fabricius.
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS OCYPODE.
Pree ENessLerminabed: byea SOT Sbyle ener erie = (a\alar= Sen ele teai eens eas ippeus.
Ne wesmwiin out mbermimalystylececsarns tsetse cen seie orseceia eee ee eo oa africana.
OCYPODE IPPEUS Olivier.
Ocypode ippeus OLIVIER, Voy. Empire Ottoman, IV, 1804, p. 52; Atlas, Pt. 2, pl.
XONONG ET Orage
Ocypode cursor MILNE-EDWARDSs, Ann. Sci. Nat. (3), Zool., XVIII, 1852, p. 142
(= ? Cancer cursor Linneus).
Range.—Greece (Guérin); Syria (Olivier); Egypt (Lamarck); African
coast of the Mediterranean (Desmarest); West African coast.
West African localities.—Cape Verde Islands (Stimpson, Miers, Stu-
der); Cape Verde (Milne-Edwards); Senegal (Kingsley); Rufisque,
Senegal (Hilgendorf); Dakar, Senegal (O. F. Cook); Mouth of Mesu-
rado River, Monrovia (O. F. Cook); Liberia (Studer); Acra d’Elmina
(de Man); St. Thomas, at Iogo-Ilogo, Diogo Nunes, Praia das Conchas,
Praia Almoxarife (Osorio); St. Thomas (Vieira, teste Osorio); Ile du
Prince (Osorio); Kongo coast (de Man, Studer); St. Paul de Loanda
(Studer, Benedict); Angola, at Benguella, Novo Redondo and Lobito
(Osorio).
OCYPODE AFRICANA de Man.
Ocypode africana DE MAN, Notes Leyden Mus., III, 1881, p. 253.
Ocypode hexagonura HILGENDORE, SB. Ges. Natur. Freunde Berlin, 1882, p. 23.
Ocypode edwardst Osorio, Jor. Sci. Lisboa (2), IT, 1890, p. 48.
West African localities.—Rufisque, Senegal (Hilgendorf); Mouth of
Mesurado River, Monrovia (O. I’. Cook); Liberia (Hilgendorf); Grand
Cape Mount, Liberia (de Man); [le du Prince (Osorio); Kongo coast
(de Man); Loango (Hilgendorf); Muserra (de Man).
Genus PILUMNOPLAX Stimpson.
PILUMNOPLAX SULCATIFRONS ATLANTICA Miers.
Pilumnoplax sulcatifrons var. atlantica Mrers, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), VIII, 1881,
p. 259.
West African locality—Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms
(Miers).
Genus TYPHLOCARCINUS Stimpson.
TYPHLOCARCINUS INTEGRIFRONS Miers.
Typhlocarcinus integrifrons MiERS, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 260,
pl. xiv, fig. 1.
West African localityx—Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms
(Miers).
Genus UCA Leach.
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS UCA.
MwOarapace buberculaterpiromtmarrow 2:22 0220. 2.022 2222) 0225 2s ee tangert.
AVM OArA pace smooth front DrOadiece “oe o.5- 22 leeds eee ace ee eee sees mordax.
276 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
UCA TANGERI (Eydoux).
Gelasimus tangeri EyYDOUX, Mag. de Zool., 1835, Cl. VII, pl. xiv.
Gelasimus perlatus HERKLOoTS, Addit. Fauna Afr. Occ., 1851, p. 6, pl. 1, fig. 3.
Gelasimus cimatodus ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soe. Philom. Paris (7), VU, 1883, p. 171.
Uca tangieri ORTMANN, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., X, 1897, p. 356.
The perlatus form of this species differs from typical tangert only in
the great reduction of the larger cheliped of the male and its compara-
tive smoothness, there being no tubercular ridges on the inner side of
the palm. The single male of perlatus in the U.S. National Museum
collection, from St. Paul de Loanda, appears to be an aborted tangert.
Range.—From Portugal (Capello, Osorio), to north and west coasts
of Africa, as far as Algiers and Angola; West Indies (Miers); ? Bahia
(Kingsley). ;
West African localities.—Rutisque, Senegal (Hilgendorf); Dakar,
(O. F. Cook); Goree Bay, 9 to 15 fathoms (Miers); Sierra Leone (Miers) ;
Rock Spring, Monrovia (O. F. Cook); mouth of Mesurado River (O. F.
Cook); Liberia (Hilgendorf); Grand Bassam (Studer); Guinea (Kings-
ley); Beyah River, Ashantee (Benedict); near Boutry, Guinea (Herk-
lots); Lagos (Studer); Bibundi, Kamerun (Aurivillius); St. Thomas,
at Iogo-Iogo, and Praia Almoxarife (Osorio); Ogove (Thallwitz);
Chinchoxo (Hilgendorf, Studer); mouth of the Kwilu River (Berlin
Mus.); mouth of the Kongo (Studer); Loanda (Hilgendorf, Studer);
St. Paul de Loanda (Benedict); Barre du Dande, Benguella and Lobito
(Osorio); ‘ Les deux Mamelles” and “Coté des Maringouins pointe des
Chameaux” (Rochebrune).
UCA MORDAX (Smith)?
Gelasimus mordax SMITH, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci., 11, 1870, p. 135, pl. 11, fig. 3; pl.
IV, figs. 4, 4a.
Range.—Bahamas to Rio de Janeiro. West Africa?
West African locality—Liberia (O. F. Cook, collector); one small
but mature female.
This single specimen is very like females of Uca mordax from
America. Its identity can not be determined with certainty until the
male is discovered.
Dimensions.—Length, 8.6 mm.; width, 12.6 mm.
Family GECARCINID 4s.
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN GENERA OF THE FAMILY GECARCINID.
A. Palpus of the outer maxillipeds inserted on the inner face of the third joint near
its summit and concealed under the joint. ..-.--. SUN CLS ayes Ses Gecarcinus.
A’. Palpus of the outer maxillipeds inserted at the external angle of the third joint
andiexposed: tonvde Wiens eee ee seen ere ae secrete sisi ciai eleereeieeets Cardisoma.
NO. 1199. CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AFRICA—RATHBUN. DUT
Genus GECARCINUS Leach.
GECARCINUS LAGOSTOMA Milne-Edwards.
2 Or
Gecarcinus lagostoma MILNE-EDWARDS, Hist. Nat. Crust., I, 1837, p. 27.
Range.—Australasia (Milne-Edwards, Miers); South and West
Africa; Bermuda? (Miers).
African localities.—West Atrica (Miers); St. Thomas and Rolas
(Greeff, as ruricola; Osorio, as ruricola); Benguella, Angola (Osorio) ;
Cape of Good Hope (Miers); Ascension Island (Drew, Miers, Benedict,
Ortmann).
Genus CARDISOMA Latreille.
CARDISOMA ARMATUM Herklots.
Cardisoma armatum HERKLOTS, Addit. Fauna Afr. Occ., 1851, p. 7, pl. 1, figs. 4, 5.
West African localities.—St. Jago, Cape Verde Islands (Stimpson,
as U. gquanhumt), Cat. No. 2037, U.S.N.M.; Porto Praya, St. Jago, Cape
Verde Islands (Miers); Rufisque, Senegal (Hilgendorf); Dakar, Senegal
(O. F. Cook); St. George del Mina, and near Boutry, Guinea (Herklots);
Lagos (Ortmann, as C. guanhumi), Bibundi, Kamerun (Aurivillius); St.
Thomas and Rolas (Greeff, as C. guanhumt); Ribeira Peixe, St. Thomas
(Osorio); Ogove (Thallwitz); Benguella, Novo Redondo, Lobito, and
Koroka River (Osorio).
Family GRAPSID.
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN GENERA AND SUBGENERA OF THE FAMILY GRAPSID&.
A. Antenne covered by the front.
B. External maxillipeds without a piliferous ridge.
C. Antenne excluded from the orbit.
D. Merus of maxillipeds as long as ischium ..---.-.----.-----:.-.- Goniopsis.
D’. Merus of maxillipeds shorter than ischium ..---.--..------1 Metopograpsus.
C’. Antenne entering the orbit.
Dy Merus of maxillipeds longer than’ broad 2255.--22. 5-2 -2-2-- 22. Grapsus.
D’. Merus of maxillipeds as broad as long.
Ei. Outer surface of palm of large chela quite flat, and prolonged proximally
Ibe yon dathes wet ste ees ee eee nee Platychirograpsus.
Kk’. Outer surface of palm not flattened and prolonged.
Hea Carapacesloncersthanebroadges=-ese ae aeee eae meee ee Planes.
10M, CARRE ORCS) THELEN GIRYS Gacaas Googe aooo eoed coecad Sccea GGSe Pachygrapsus.
B’. External maxillipeds with a piliferous ridge...-....---.-.----.----.- Sesarma.
Oo ISIUOS CHOW TIO aceasta aa as Cane ee rE ane eee Subgenus Sarmatiwm.
C’. Sides straight.
D. Sides with a tooth behind orbital tooth. Manus with pectinated ridges
DOVE See aye a eR a ee aa eR Subgenus Perisesarma.
D’. Sides entire. f
E. Manus without pectinated ridges above .-.......Subgenus Holometopus.
kK’. Manus with pectinated ridges above ...-...----. Subgenus Parasesarma.
A’. Antenne visible from above.
B. Merus of maxillipeds large, as broad as ischium ..._.---..----.------ Plagusia.
B’. Merus of maxillipeds small, much narrower than ischium ...--.-.----- Percnon.
273 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXU.
Genus GONIOPSIS de Haan.
GONIOPSIS CRUENTATA (Latreiile).
Grapsus cruentatus LATREILLE, Hist. Nat. Crust., VI, 1803, p. 70.
Grapsus (Goniopsis) cruentatus DE Haan, Fauna Japon., 1835, p. 33.
Grapsus pelii HERKLOTS, Addit. Fauna Afr. Occ., 1851, p. 8, pl. 1, figs. 6, 7.
Range.—Bahamas and Florida Keys to Rio de Janeiro; Bermudas;
West Africa; west coast of Nicaragua (Kingsley).
West African localities.—Dakar (O. F. Cook, collector); Rock Spring,
Monrovia (O. F. Cook, collector); mouth of Mesurado River (O. F. Cook,
collector); Liberia (von Martens); Ashantee (Benedict); Boutry, Guinea
(Herklots); Princes Island (Osorio); St. Thomas, at logo-logo, Praia
das Conchas, and Binda (Osorio); Gabun (Kingsley); Ogove (Thall-
witz); Angola and Lobito (Osorio).
Genus METOPOGRAPSUS Milne-Edweards
METOPOGRAPSUS MESSOR (Forskal).
Cancer messor FORSKAL, Desc. Anim. Itin. Or., 1775, p. 88.
Metopograpsus messor MILNE-EDWARDS, Ann. Sci. Nat. (3), XX, 1853, p. 165.
Range.—Oriental region; West Africa.
West African localities.—Canaries (Brullé); St. Thomas (Osorio);
Angola (Osorio).
Genus GRAPSUS Lamarck.
GRAPSUS GRAPSUS (Linnzus).
Cancer grapsus LINN/ZUS, Sys. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 630.
Cancer (Grapsus) grapsus LATREILLE, Regne Anim. Cuvier, III, 1817, p. 16.
Grapsus grapsus IVES, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1891, p. 190.
Range.—Throughout the Tropics.
West African localities.—Madeira (Dana, Stimpson); Canary Islands
(Milne-Edwards); Cape Verde Islands (Dana, Stimpson, Miers, Bene-
dict); Ascension Island (Miers, Benedict, Ortmann); Rufisque, Senegal
(Hilgendorf); Liberia (de Man); St. Thomas Island, at Ribeira Peixe,
Praia Almoxarife, Praia das Conchas, and Angolares (Osorio); Angola,
at Benguella and Koroka River (Osorio).
Genus PACH YGRAPSUS Randall.
PACHYGRAPSUS TRANSVERSUS Gibbes.
Pachygrapsus transversus GIBBES, Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., III, 1850, p. 181.
Leptograpsus rugulosus MILNE-EDWARDS, Ann. Sci. Nat. (8), XX, 1853, p. 172 [138].
Range-—Bahamas and Florida Keys to Rio Janeiro; Bermudas;
West Africa; Oriental region (Australia, New Zealand, Singapore,
Tahiti); California; Gulf of California; Gulf of Fonseca; west coast
of Central America; Peru; Galapagos Islands. :
West African localities—Madeira (Stimpson, Miers); Cape Verde
Islands (Miers, Benedict); Loanda (Hilgendorf ).
This species is quite distinct from P. maurus Lucas (= Goniograpsus
No. 1198. CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AFRICA—RATHBUN. 279
simplex Dana), which can be told most readily by its narrower cara-
pace, with sides slightly converging posteriorly, and by the entire lower
extremity of the meri of the last pair of feet. There is a specimen of
P. maurus in the U.S. National Museum from Terceira, Azores, col-
lected by William Trelease. It is also known from Algiers (type
locality); Oran (Milne-Edwards); Madeira (Stimpson); Rio Janeiro
(Dana, Heller).
It is possible that Grapsus simplex Herklots, from Boutry, Guinea,
is a synonym of Pachygrapsus maurus Lucas.
Genus PLANES Leaeh.
PLANES MINUTUS (Linnzus).
Cancer minutus LINNZUS, Sys. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 625.
Planes clypeatus BowpDicH, Excursions in Madeira and Porto Santo, 1825, p. 15,
pl. xu, figs. 2a, 2b.
Planes minutus WHITE, List Crust. Brit. Mus., 1847, p. 42.
Range.—In all tropical and temperate seas.
West African localities—Canary Islands (Miers); Rio Gambia
(Kingsley ).
Genus PLATYCHIROGRAPSUS de Man.
PLATYCHIROGRAPSUS SPECTABILIS de Man.
Platychirograpsus spectabilis DE MAN, Zool. Anz., No. 506, 1896, p. 292; Jahrb.
Hamburg. Wissen. Anst., XII, 1896, p. 97, pl. u1, figs. 4, 4a, b, d; pl. 1m, fig. 4c.
Aspidograpsus typicus KROYER, manuscript (Copenhagen Museum).
Range.—Mexico; West Africa. One specimen was received from the
Mexican Commission at the World’s Columbian Exposition, 1893
(U.S.N.M.). Bay of Mexico, one male (Copenhagen Mus.). A claw of
this rare species was discovered by the writer among a collection of
deformed lobster claws in the museum at Halifax, Nova Scotia; its
origin is unknown.
West African locality.—Gabun (de Man).
Genus SESARMA Say.
Subgenus HOLOMETOPUS Milne-Edwards.
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS HOLOMETOPUS.
A. Upper margin of front concave and deeply four-lobed ......-.----------- robertt.
A’. Upper margin of front straight and nearly undivided ....-_..---..------ elegans.
SESARMA (HOLOMETOPUS) ROBERTI Milne-Edwards.
Sesarma roberti MILNE-EDWARDS, Ann. Sci. Nat. (3), XX, 1853, p. 182 [148].
Sesarma americana Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), III, 1889, p. 7. Not 8.
americana Saussure.
Sesarma bromeliarum RATHBUN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIX, 1896, p. 143.
Range.—West Indies: Haiti; Jamaica; Puerto Rico (Cat. No. 4801,
Berlin Mus.); Laiou, Dominica (Pocock); Martinique (Paris Mus.); St.
Lucia. West Africa.
West African locality.—Goree, Senegal (Milne-dwards)
280 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXII.
SESARMA (HOLOMETOPUS) ELEGANS Herklots.
Sesarma elegans HERKLOTS, Addit. Fauna Afr. Occ., 1851, p. 10, pl.1, fig. 10. —DE
Man, Notes Leyden Mus., I, 1879, p. 69.
West African localities—Near Boutry, Guinea (Herklots); Ogove
(Thallwitz).
Subgenus PARASESARMA de Man.
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS PARASESARMA.
A. Outer surface of hand perfectly flat and smooth......---...---.------ biittikoferi.
A’. Outer surface of hand not perfectly flat and smooth .----.--..-.----- angolensis.
SESARMA (PARASESARMA) BUTTIKOFERI de Man.
Sesarma biittikoferi DE Man, Notes Leyden Mus., V, 1883, p. 163.
West African localities.—Rock Spring, Monrovia (O. F. Cook, .
collector); Fisherman Lake, Liberia (de Man); Gunk River, Liberia
(U.S.N.M.); Bibundi, Kamerun, in brackish water at the mouth of
the river Bekongolo (Aurivillius); river N’Dian, Kamerun, brackish
water (Aurivillius); Ogove (Thallwitz).
SESARMA (PARASESARMA) ANGOLENSIS Capello.
Sesarma angolensis CAPELLO, Desc. tres esp. nov. Crust. Afr. Occ., Lisboa, 1864,
p.4, fig.2; Mem. Acad. R. Sci. Lisboa, Cl. Sci. Nat., Nova Ser., II, 1865 Pt. 2.
West African localities.—Grand Cape Mount, Liberia (de Man);
Kamerun, at Bibundi on land, and river N’Dian, brackish water (Auri-
villius); Ponte da Leuha, Kongo (Studer); Sea of Angola (Capello);
Angola (Osorio).
Subgenus PERISESARMA de Man.
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS PERISESARMA.
A. External surface of palm rising to an acute tubercle, situated near the external
Inferior angle eee eS sae os ae ae eee eee kamermani.
A’. External surface of palm regularly convexly arched...---..--..----- africanum.
SESARMA (PERISESARMA) KAMERMANI de Man.
Sesarma kamermant DE MAN, Notes Leyden Mus., V, 1883, p. 165.
West African locality—Muserra, Kongo (de Man).
SESARMA (PERISESARMA) AFRICANUM Milne-Edwards.
Sesarma africana M1LNE- EpwWarbs, Hist. Nat. Crust., II, 1837, p.73; Ann. Sci. Nat.
(3), XX, 1853, p. 185 [151].
Range.—Barbados (Paris Mus.); West Africa.
West African localities—Senegal (Milne-Edwards); Rock Spring,
Monrovia (O. F. Cook, collector); Liberia (de Man); Beyah River,
Ashantee (Benedict); near Boutry, Guinea (Herklots); Ekundu and
Bibundi, Kamerun (Aurivillius); Gabun (Paris Mus.); Ogove (Thall-
witz); Benguella (Osorio).
NO. 1199. CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AFRICA—RATHBUN. 281
Subgenus SARMATIUM Dana.
SESARMA (SARMATIUM) CURVATUM Milne-Edwards.
Sesarma curvata MILNE-EDWARDsS, Hist. Nat. Crust., II, 1837, p. 75.
Sesarma violacea HERKLOTs, Addit. Fauna Afr. Occ., 1851, p. 10, pl. 1, fig. 9.—pE
Man, Notes Leyden Mus., II, 1880, p. 31.
Metagrapsus curvatus MILNE-EDWARDS, Ann. Sci. Nat. (3), XX, 1853, p. 189 [155].
Sarmatium curvatum KINGSLEY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila , 1880, p. 212.
West African localities—Senegal (Milne-Edwards); near Boutry,
Guinea (Herklots); Boutry and Saccondi (de Man); Ogove (Thallwitz) ;
Lobito (Osorio); West Africa (Kingsley).
Genus PLAGUSIA Latreille.
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS PLAGUSIA.
A. Carejpeee umlsronileW 322s ae aS ese Se celes sees nes Se aeess cease e eee Caesar depressa.
ANY, (Canny neies iinOKon NES SAE tee ee ee el ele eee Ones ne ae Atte Bae a eee delaunayi.
PLAGUSIA DEPRESSA (Fabricius).
Cancer depressus FABRICIUS, Sys. Ent., 1775, p. 406.
Plagusia depressus Say, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I, 1817, p. 100.
Range.—From Charleston, South Carolina, to Brazil; from the Med-
iterranean to St. Helena and South Africa.
African localities—Madeira (Osorio); Cape Verde Isiands (Osorio) ;
St. Vincent, Cape Verde Islands (Miers); Rufisque, Senegal (Hilgen-
dort); Senegambia (Herklots, as P. squamosa); Liberia, Saccondi and
Acra d’Elmina (de Man); Beyah River, Ashantee (Benedict); near
Boutry, Guinea (Herklots, as P. sywamosa); St. Thomas Island (Osorio) ;
Angola (Osorio); Natal (Herklots, as P. squamosa).
PLAGUSIA DELAUNAYI Rochebrune.
Plagusia delaunayi ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Philom., Paris (7), VII, 1883, No. 4,
p. 172.
West African localities.—lIle aux Chiens, Albreda; Gambia (Roche-
brune).
Genus PERCNON Gistel.!
PERCNON PLANISSIMUM (Herbst).
Cancer planissimus HERBST, Natur. Krabben u. Krebse, III, 1804, Pt. 4, p.3, pl.
LIX, fig. 3.
Leiolophus planissimus M1ERS, Cat. Crust. New Zealand, 1876, p. 46.
Range.—West Indian region; Oriental region to Japan and Sand-
wich Islands; Clarion Island; Cape St. Lucas; Chile; Azores; West
coast of Spain and Portugal; West and South Africa.
African localities.—Madeira (Brullé, Dana, Miers); Canaries (Brulleé) ;
Praia das Conchas, St. Thomas Island (Osorio); Ascension Island
(Miers); Cape of Good Hope (Ortmann).
' Percnon Gistel, Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs, Stuttgart, 1848, p. vill, substi-
tuted for Acanthopus de Haan, preoccupied.
282 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Veuineue
Family PINNOTHERID4.
Genus THAUMASTOPLAX Miers.
THAUMASTOPLAX ANOMALIPES Miers.
Thaumastoplax anomalipes Miers, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 261, pl. xiv.
fig. 2
West African locality.—Goree Bay, Soneeumnbie! 9 to 15 fathoms
(Miers).
Tribe CYCLOMETOPA.
Family POTAMONID&.
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN GENERA AND SUBGENERA OF THE FAMILY POTAMONIDA.
A. Ambulatory legs with anterior margin of carpal and propodal joints unarmed.
B. Lateral margin of carapace armed with large and sharp teeth or spines.
os Genus Parathelphusa.
B’. Lateral margin of carapace entire, toothed or granulate... -.-.. Genus Potamon.
C. Postfrontal crest present and uninterrupted ----.- Subgenus Potamonautes.
C2) Rostirontalcrestiabsentisese sere ree ee ee eee eee eee Subgenus Cale pnsa
A’. Ambulatory legs armed with numerous spines on the anterior margin.
Genus Hrimetopus.
Genus POTAMON Savigny. |
Subgenus POTAMONAUTES MacLeay.
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS POTAMONAUTES.
A. Lateral margin of carapace with a tooth between the outer orbital tooth and
the postfrontal crest.
B. Postfrontal crest terminating in a well-marked tooth ......-..-----. africanus.
B’. Tooth rudimentary or wanting.
C. A groove separates the postfrontal crest from the lateral margin of the cara-
EI eee Aaa EON Se Me Kee an Ao HAM Sar MEMES cahotS 6 Se 3 aubrut.
C’. Postfrontal crest and lateral margin continuous. .-.....--.-----.---- decazet.
A’. Lateral margin of carapace without a tooth between the outer orbital tooth and
the postfrontal crest.
B. Epibranchial tooth strong, produced.
C. Postfrontal crest arcuate, more advanced at its middle than the epibranchial
tooth.
DE Carapace) very thick: asiwolllemma: = soe) ne aren terete eae bayonianus
D’. Carapace less thick, swollen; front narrower: a deeper sinus between the
postfrontal crest and the epibranchial tooth ...-..-...--...----- dubius.
C’. Postfrontal crest sinuous, its middle portion about equally advanced with
thejepibramch valet ooh sys Sp ea ee eee ae se eee ballayi.!
B’. Epibranchial tooth nearly obsolete, not produced.
C. Carapace flattened; postfrontal crest not prominent.-----.--- margaritarius.
C’. Carapace very convex.
D. Postfrontal crest sloping backward from the middle to the lateral mar-
fn) ONS eee eee ee SS) eeu ey epee ON Ree A ecm ea SEIS aiuto pS eens perlatus.
IDS IROsnaronaUrAl CMTE OMMOUI ss 34 2 ee Seb b6 Sos5 Ssedco cStocs scecee anchiete.
Oro aine 2p le ere of this species, the postfrontal crest is SraAinemaoredl.
No. 1199. CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AFRICA—RATHBUN. 283
POTAMON (POTAMONAUTES) AFRICANUS (A. Milne-Edwards)
Thelphusa africana A. MILNE- EDWARDS, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., V, 1869, p.
186, pl. x1, figs. 2, 2a; Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (7), IV, 1887, p. 124, fig. 8.
Potamon (Potamonautes) aubryi ORTMANN (part), Zool. Jahrb., Syst., X, 1897, p.
309.
West African localities.—Rivers of Liberia (de Man); Mount Coffee,
Liberia (O. F. Cook; U.S.N.M.); Kamerun (Aurivillius); Gabun (A.
Milne-Edwards); the San Benito, the Ogove, the Alima, the Kongo (A.
Milne-Edwards).
POTAMON (POTAMONAUTES) DECAZEI (A. Milne-Edwards) .
Thelphusa decazei A. MILNE-EDWARDS, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7), X, 1886, p. 150; Ann.
Sci. Nat., Zool., (7), IV, 1887, p. 127, fig. 7.
Potamon (Potamonautes) decazei ORTMANN, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., X, 1897, p. 309.
West African localities—The San Benito, Franceville on the Alima
(A. Milne- Edwards).
POTAMON (POTAMONAUTES) AUBRYI (Milne-Edwards).
Thelphusa aubryi MILNE-EDWARDS, Ann. Sci. Nat. (3), XX, 1853, p. 210.—A. MILNE-
EDWARDS (part), Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (7), IV, 1887, p. 122.
Thelphusa aurantia HERKLOTS, Addit. Faun. Afr. Occ., 1851, p. 5, pl. 1, fig. 2.
(Not Cancer aurantius Herbst. )
Thelphusa peliti HERKLOTS, Symb. Carc., Leyden, 1861, p. 13.
Thelphusa emarginata KINGSLEY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1880, p. 36.
Potamon (Potamonautes) aubryi ORTMANN (part), Zool. Jahrb., Syst., X, 1897,
p. 309. ‘
Potamon (Potamonautes) emarginatum ORTMANN, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., X, 1897,
p. 309.
African localities—St. George-del-Mina, Guinea (Herklots); Kam-
erun (Aurivillius); Gabun (Milne-Edwards); West Africa (Kingsley) ;
Port Natal (Kingsley).
POTAMON (POTAMONAUTES) MARGARITARIUS (A. Milne-Edwards).
Thelphusa margaritaria A. MILNE-EDWaARDs, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., V, 1869,
p. 185, pl. 1x, figs. 4, 4a, 40; Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (7), IV, 1887, p. 130.
Potamon (Potamonautes) margaritarium ORTMANN, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., X, 1897, p.
308.
Habitat.—St. Thomas, off west coast of Africa (A. Milne-Edwards).
The following localities on the island have been noted: Ribeira Peixe;
Portinho, 400 meters altitude; Binda; Batepa; Saudade, 750 meters
altitude; River Agua Grande (Osorio); Rio de Mello, 300 meters
(Greeff).
POTAMON (POTAMONAUTES) ANCHIET 4 (Capello).
Thelphusa anchietw CAPELLO, Jor. Sci. Lisboa, III, 1870, p. 132, pl. ta, fig. 11.—A.
MILNE-EDWARDS, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (7), IV, 1887, p. 128.
Potamon (Potamonautes) perlatum ORTMANN (part), Zool. Jahrb., Syst., X, 1897,
p. 307.
West African localities.—Braganeca; Ambaka; Pungo-Ndongo; Dondo
(allin Angola). Luebo, Kongo; D. W. Snyder (U.S.N.M.). Quilengues
and Quando (Osorio).
284 ' PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII,
POTAMON (POTAMONAUTES) DUBIUS (Capello).
Thelphusa dubia CAPELLO, Jor. Sci. Lisboa, IV, 1873, p. 254, pl. 1, figs. la, 2a.—A.
MILNE-EDwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (7), IV, 1887, p. 129.
Potamon (Potamonautes) dubium ORTMANN, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., X, 1897, p. 307.
African localities.—St. Thomas (Osorio); Kunene River, Mossamedes
(Capello); Angola, Humbe, and Kunene River (Osorio); Kazungula,
Zambesi (U.S.N.M.).
POTAMON (POTAMONAUTES) BAYONIANUS (Capello).
Thelphusa bayoniana CAPELLO, Desc. tres esp. nov. Crust. Afr. occ., Lisboa, 1864,
p. 2, pl. 1, fig.3; Mem. Acad. R. Sci. Lisboa, Cl. Sci., Nova Ser., Il, 1865, Pt. 2;
Jor. Sci. Lisboa, III, 1870, p. 131, pl. 2a, fig. 10.—A. MILNE-EDWARDS, Ann.
Sci. Nat., Zool. (7), IV, 1887, p. 128.
Potamon (Potamonautes) bayonianum ORTMANN, Zool. Jabhrb., Syst., X, 1897, p. 306.
African localities—Angola: To the north of Quibula; Duque de
Braganea; Kakonda; Huilla; Kunene River (Osorio).
POTAMON (POTAMONAUTES) BALLAYI (A. Milne-Edwards) .
Thelphusa ballayt A. MILNE-EDwarps, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7), X, 1886, p. 149;
Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (7), IV, 1887, p. 182, figs. 2, 2a, 20.
African locality.x—N gancin on the Kongo (A. Milne-Edwards).
POTAMON (POTAMONAUTES) PERLATUS (Milne-Edwards).
Thelphusa perlata MILNE-EDWARDS, Hist. Nat. Crust., II, 1837, p. 13.
Potamon (Potamonautes) perlatum ORTMANN (part), Zool. Jahrb., Syst., X, 1897,
p. 307.
African localities—Zanzibar and Zanzibar coast (Pfeffer); Natal
(Krauss, Ortmann); Cape Colony (Milne-Edwards, Krauss, Heller);
Constantia (Stimpson); Cape Town (Miers); Wellington (Miers); Chalk
Bay (Studer); Biballa and Caconda (Osorio); 400 miles inland from
Loanda in River Cuiji—H. Chatelain, collector (U.S.N.M.). ‘Found in
ponds and swamps; eaten by the natives; called ‘ Hala.’”
Subgenus GEOTHELPHUSA Stimpson.
POTAMON (GEOTHELPHUSA) MACROPUS Rathbun.
Potamon (Geothelphusa) macropus RATHBUN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XII,
1898, p. 29, pl. u, figs. 1-4.
African locality—Mouth of Mesurado River, Monrovia; O. F. Cook,
collector. ;
Genus PARATHELPHUSA Milne-Edwards.
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS PARATHELPHUSA.
A. Lateral margin with only one tooth behind the post-frontal crest... --- chavanesi.
A’. Lateral margin with more than one tooth behind the post-frontal crest.
B. Lateral margin with more than three teeth behind the post-frontal crest.
C. Carapace narrow; post-frontal crest feeble..-.....-..-..---..--.---. brazze.
C’. Carapace broad; post-frontal crest distinct. -.........-..--..-.-.----chaperi.
B’. Lateral margin with only three teeth behind the post-frontal crest.
C. Post-frontal crest uninterrupted, nearly straight. ....-.....-.-.-.---- pecilei.
C’. Post-frontal crest arcuate, uneven, interrupted -...-..-..-.-.--.-.---- campi.
wo. 1199. CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AFRICA—RATHBUN. 285
PARATHELPHUSA BRAZZ£ A. Milne-Edwards.
Parathelphusa brazz@ A. MILNE-EDWARDS, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7), X, 1886, p. 148;
Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (7), IV, 1887, p. 142, fig. 6.
Potamon (Acanthothelphusa) brazzw@ ORTMANN, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., X, 1897, p. 300.
West African locality.—N gancin, Kongo (A. Milne-Edwards).
PARATHELPHUSA CHAPERI A. Milne-Edwards.
Parathelphusa chaperi A. MILNE-EDwarpbs, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (7), IV, 1887,
p. 144, fig. 4.
West African locality.—Assini (A. Milne-Edwards).
PARATHELPHUSA PAECILEI A. Milne-Edwards.
Thelphusa pecilei A. MILNE-EDWARDS, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7), X, 1886, p. 149.
Parathelphusa pecilei A. MILNE-Epwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (7), IV, 1887,
p. 148, fig. 1.
Potamon (Acanthothelphusa) pecilei ORTMANN, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., X, 1897, p. 300.
West African locality—Alima River, Bateke, French Kongo (A.
Milne-Edwards).
PARATHELPHUSA CAMPI Rathbun.
Parathelphusa campi RATHBUN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XVII, 1894, p. 25.
Potamon (Acanthothelphusa) campi ORTMANN, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., X, 1897, p. 300.
West African locality.a—Stanley Pool, Kongo.
~PARATHELPHUSA CHAVANESI A. Milne-Edwards.
Thelphusa chavanesi A. MILNE-EDWARDS, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7), X, 1886, p. 150.
Parathelphusa chavanesi A. MILNE-EDWARDS, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (7), IV, 1887,
p. 145, fig. 3.
Potamon (Potamonautes) chavanesi ORTMANN, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., X, 1897, p. 309.
West African locality.—Environs of Franceville on the Alima, French
Kongo (A. Milne-Edwards).
Genus ERIMETOPUS Rathbun. =
ERIMETOPUS SPINOSUS Rathbun.
Erimetopus spinosus RATHBUN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVII, 1894, p. 26.
West African locality —Stanley Pool, Kongo; under boards and tim-
bers, in mud.
Family PILUMNIDA.
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN GENERA OF THE FAMILY PILUMNIDZA.
A. The ridges that define the efferent branchial channels, if present, are low and
are confined to the posterior part of the endostome, never reach-
ing to the anterior boundary of the buccal cavern.
B. Fronto-orbital border hardly ever (in adults) more than half, most usually
much less than half, the greatest width of the carapace.
C. Antero-lateral margin continued to the angle of the buccal cavity; carapace
CLOG COR ae a eA A acct aii Slava) aieies Sis Glyptoxanthus
286 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII
C’. Antero-lateral margin ending at the orbit.
De Amibullatonyelersicristateseees sees eerie eee eee Lophopanopeus.
D’. Ambulatory legs not cristate.
HeiCarapacerdeeplyslobuilate mess eae sean mee eee ae ees eee Actea.
E’. Carapace not deeply lobulate.
F. Fingers sharp-pointed; carapace subhexagonal --..----..----- Xantho.
F’. Fingers blunt-pointed, hollowed at the tip.
G. Carapace very broad, oval; antero-lateral margin thickened.
Xanthodius.
G’. Carapace of moderate width, suboval; front and antero-lateral mar-
gins not thickened sjem eo. ee sere eee eee eee Leptodius.
B’. Fronto-orbital border much more than half the greatest width of the carapace.
C. Fingers pointed at tips. Q
D. Carapace and legs granulate or tuberculate ........---..-.------ Xanthias.
D’. Carapace almost smooth, except for short transverse lines. Legs smooth.
EKupanopeus.
C/Hingersvhollowedtatitipy S255 4440 ee eee eee e eee ee aeeeeeee Chlorodiella.
A’. The ridges that define the efferent branchial channels extend to the anterior
boundary of the buccal cavern, and are often very strong.
B. Fronto-orbital borders half or less than half the greatest breadth of the cara-
pace, which is broad and transversely oval....--..- Epixanthus.
B’. Fronto-orbital border just about two-thirds the greatest breadth of the cara-
pace. Antero-lateral borders almost always shorter than the
posterolateral pes eas. cee ee tee croc erceeeer Pilumnus.
Genus ACT A“A de Haan.
ACTZAZA MARGARITARIA A. Milne-Edwards.
Actewa margaritaria A. MILNE-EDWARDS, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, IV,
1868, p. 62, pl. xvH, figs. 9-12.
West African localities.—Cape Verde Islands (A. Milne-Edwards);
Iogo-logo, St. Thomas (Osorio).
Genus XANTHO Leach.
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS XANTHO.
A. Carapace wide; width more than 14 its length...--..........---..----- rivulosus.
A’. Carapace narrow; width less than 1} its length ........-.. Sout cue See eee pilipes.
XANTHO RIVULOSUS (Risso).
Cancer rivulosus Risso, Crust. Nice, 1816, p. 14.
Xantho rivulosus MILNE-EDwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., I, 1834, p. 394.
Range.—Great Britain; Atlantic coast of Europe; Black Sea; Medi-
terranean Sea; West coast of Africa.
West African locality.—Angeola (Osorio).
XANTHO PILIPES A. Milne-Edwards.
Xantho pilipes A. MILNE-EDwarps, Ann. Soc. Entom. France, VII, 1867, p. 268.
Xartho pilipes? Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 213.
West African localities.—Senegal (A. Milne-Edwards); Goree Bay,
Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms (Miers); Senegambia (Ortmann).
No, 1199. CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AFRICA—RATHBUN. 287
Genus XANTHODIUS Stimpson.
XANTHODIUS PUNCTATUS (Miers).
Leptodius punctatus Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 214, pl. x1,
fig. 3.
West African locality—Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms
(Miers). :
Genus LEPTODIUS A. Milne-Edwards.
LEPTODIUS CONVEXUS (A. Milne-Edwards).
Chlorodius (Leptodius) converus A. MILNE-EDWARDS, Rev. Mag. Zool. (2), XXI,
1869, p. 410.
West African locaiities—Cape Verde Islands, at St. Vincent, St.
Lucia, Mayo, and Santiago (A. Milne-Edwards); logo-logo, St. Thomas
Island (Osorio); Isla das Rolas (Osorio).
Genus XANTHIAS Rathbun.
XANTHIAS MELANODACTYLUS (A. Milne-Edwards).
Xanthodes melanodactylus A. MILNE-EDWARDS, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris,
IV, 1868, p. 60, pl. x vil, figs. 1-3.—M1kErs, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), VIII, 1881,
p. 212.
Range.—Fayal, Azores, 50 to 90 fathoms (Miers); West Africa.
West African localities.—Madeira islands (Miers); off Gomera, Canary
Islands, 75 fathoms (Miers); Cape St. Vincent, Cape Verde Islands (A.
Milne-Edwards, Miers); Harbor of Porto Praya, Cape Verde Islands,
10 fathoms (Studer); Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms (Miers);
Senegambia (Ortmann); St. Thomas Island, at Praia Almoxarife and
Praia des Conchas (Osorio); Ascension Island (Miers); Ascension
Island, 20 to 30 fathoms, March 25, 1890, U.S. Eclipse Expedition to
West Africa, William Harvey Brown, Naturalist (U.S.N.M.).
Genus LOPHOPANOPEUS Rathbun.
LOPHOPANOPEUS SEXDENTATUS (Miers).
Lophozozymus (Lophoxanthus) secdentatus Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), VIII,
1881, p. 211, pl. x11, fig. 2.
West African locality—Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms
(Miers).
Genus EUPANOPEUS Rathbun.
EUPANOPEUS AFRICANUS (A. Milne-Edwards).
Panopeus africanus A. MILNE-EDWaRDs, Ann. Soc. Entom. France (4), VII, 1867,
. 276.
ee africanus RATHBUN, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, IV, 1898,
p. 273.
West African localities—Rock Spring, Monrovia (O. F. Cook;
U.S.N.M.); Gabun and Angola (A. Milne-Edwards).
This may be the “ Panopeus herbstii” recorded from Angola and
Loanda,' and from logo-Iogo, St. Thomas Island, by Osorio.’
1 Jor. Sci. Lisboa, XI, 1887, p. 224. 2Tdem. (2), II, 1890, p. 45.
288 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. xxu.
Genus CHLORODIELLA Rathbun.
CHLORODIELLA LONGIMANA (Milne-Edwards).
Chlorodius longimanus MILNE-EDWARDs, Hist. Nat. Crust., I, 1834, p. 401.
Chlorodiella longimanus RATHBUN, Ann. Inst. Jamaica, I, 1897, p. 14.
Range.—F lorida Reefs; West Indies; Curacao; West Africa.
West African locality.—St. Thomas Island (Osorio).
Genus GLYPTOXANTHUS A. Milne-Edwards.
GLYPTOXANTHUS VERMICULATUS (Lamarck).
Cancer vermiculatus LAMARCK, Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert., V, 1818, p. 271.
Xantho vermiculatus MILNE- EDWARDS, Hist. Nat. Crust., I, 1834, p. 391.
Actewa angolensis CAPELLO, Desc. aly. esp. nov. Crust. e Arach. Portugal e poss.
Port. do ultramar, 1866, p. 4, pl I, fig. 3; Mem. Acad. R. Sci. Lisboa, Cl. de
Sci. Nat., Nova Ser., IV, 1867, Pt. 1.
Glyptoxanthus vermiculatus A. MILNE-EDWARDS, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 255,
pl. xin, fig. 2.
West African locality. Angola (Capello, Osorio).
In 1868,1 A. Milne-Edwards said “Le Xantho vermiculatus des
Antilles a été signalé 4 Angola par M. Capello.” Later, in 1879,? he
said “La patrie des deux exemplaires qui ont servi aux descriptions
de Lamarck et de M. Milne-Edwards, et qui appartiennent aux collec-
tions du Muséum, est inconnue; mais il est tres probable que c’est
VPAmérique.”
Genus PILUMNUS Leach.
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS PILUMNUS.
A. Outer surface of the larger hand granulate except toward the lower margin.
verr ucosipes.
A’. Outer surface of larger hand armed with strong spines ...---.....--.. africanus.
PILUMNUS VERRUCOSIPES Stimpson.
Pilumnus verrucosipes SvIMPSON, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., X, 1858, p. 36.—
Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 216, pl. x11, fig. 5.
African localities: —Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms (Miers) ;
Simons Bay, Cape of Good Hope, 11 fathoms (Stimpson).
PILUMNUS AFRICANUS A. Milne-Edwards.
Pilumnus africanus A. MILNE-EDWARDS, Ann. Soc. Entom. France (4), VII, 1867,
p. 280.
West African localities—Goree, Senegambia (A. Milne-Edwards);
Angola (A. Milne-Edwards); Loanda (Osorio).
Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, IV, p. 149. 2Crust. Rég. Mex., p. 255.
No. 1199. CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AFRICA—RATHBUN. 289
Genus EPIXANTHUS Heller.
EPIXANTHUS HELLERII A. Milne-Edwards.
Epixanthus hellerit A. MILNE-EDWarpDs, Ann. Soc. Entom. France (4), VII, 1867,
p. 278.
Ozius corrugatus OSORIO, Jor. Sci. Lisboa, XI, 1887, p. 224; (2). I, 1889, p. 131.
West African localities—Senegal (A. Milne-Edwards); Gabun (A.
Milne-Edwards); St. Thomas Island, at logo-logo, S. Joao dos Angu-
lares and Praia das Conchas (Osorio); Angola (Osorio).
Family PORTUNID.
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN GENERA OF THE FAMILY PORTUNIDA.
A. Antero-lateral teeth nine.
B. Flagellum of antenna entering orbit.
CaeAbdomentofemalestrian og ular sem sects eee ease eens oes Portunus.
Cr 7Abdomensofomalejan inverted Wisse. .2esctssss2 5222 eee eee oe Callinectes.
B’. Basal joint of antenna enlarged and almost excluding the antenna from the
OUD fay se satey ayes ein nina tee oleyeiapere te selaxetayerecleiereeialeveyaiara tate Charybdella.
A’. Antero-lateral teeth less than nine.
B. Carapace wide, subquadrilateral. Front and orbits occupying almost entire
ai UbhvOt CarapaCe) acess coo ctcle elses seco ci eienie See omiaine siaeiae Thalamita.
B’. Carapace narrow; frontal and antero-lateral borders forming a regular curve.
WMeateralsteethyiivest a. asec aistesis eee SOE SHA Oo Ree HE Sera Liocarcinus.
Genus PORDUNUS Fabricius:
= Neptunus De Haan.
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS PORTUNUS.
A. Posterior border of the arm with two spines near the wrist..-.-....---- validus.
A’. Posterior border of the arm with one spine at the wrist.
B. Carapace rough with series of granulations. Hand with three spines--hastatus.
B’. Carapace almost smooth.
Cretan dewithet wos pines... eas tee ee ee eee mle yars mene sicele wed edwardsi.
CeeiHandswithionelspineses <2 soso so oe oe mo enee osc eeisee ee seee pallidus.
PORTUNUS VALIDUS Herklots.
Portunus (Posidon) validus HERKLOTS, Addit. Faun. Africe Occ., 1851, p. 4, pl. 1,
fig. 1.
Neptunus validus A. MILNE-EDWaARDs, Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., X, 1861, p. 321, pl.
XXIX, fig. 1.
West African localities—St. George del Mina, Guinea (Herklots);
Benguela (Osorio).
1“Tupa spinimosa Learn.” is known to me only by the entry of Osorio in Jor. Sci.
Lisboa (2), I, 1890, p. 129.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii——19
290 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL
PORTUNUS HASTATUS (Linnzus).
Cancer hastatus LINNZUS, Sys. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1767, Pt. 2, p. 1046.
Lupa hastata MILNE-EDWARDS, Hist. Nat. Crist., I, 1834, p. 455.
Neptunus (Amphitrite) inequalis M1ERS, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 217,
pl. x11, fig 6.
Range.—West coast of Spain and Portugal; Azores; Mediterranean
Sea; West Africa.
West African localities.—Canaries; Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15
fathoms (Miers); St. Thomas Island, at Praia das Conchas and Baie
d’Anna Chaves (Osorio).
PORTUNUS EDWARDSI (Rochebrune).
Neptunus edwardsi ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris (7), VII, 1883, p. 169.
West African localities—Gambia and Casamance Rivers (Roche-
brune).
PORTUNUS PALLIDUS Rochebrune.
Neptunus pallidus ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris (7), VII, 1883, P- 170.
West African locality. —Lac de N’Guer, Marigots de M’Bao, Thionk,
Leybar (Rochebrune).
Genus CALLINECTES Stimpson.
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS CALLINECTES.
A. Length of lateral spine less than twice that of preceding tooth .....--. bocourti.
‘A’. Length of lateral spine more than twice that of preceding tooth.
B. Appendages of first abdominal segment of male mucb shorter than the abdomen.
C. Lateral spine long and slender, about three times length of preceding tooth.
gladiator.
C’. Lateral spine shorter and stout, Betneon two. and two and a half times
length of preceding tooth eae eae sors eersciee Celene ormeanes ..-.marginatus.
B’. Appendages as long as the abdomen.....-....---.--------0see cceees latimanus.
CALLINECTES BOCOURTI A. Milne-Edwards.
Callinectes bocourti A. MILNE-EDWARDS, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 226 (variety
of _C. diacanthus).—RATHBUN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XI, 1897, p.151, and
synonymy.
? Neptunus amnicola ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris (7), VII, 1883, p. 168.
Range.—Honduras to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; West Africa.
West African localities—Senegal; Liberia; Chinchoxo. Neptunus —
amnicola Rochebrune 1s described from Sénégal, Falémé, Bakoy, Bafing,
‘‘et tous les Marigots tributaires,”
Osorio records “ Neptunus diacanthus” from Angola, Benguella,
Loanda, Lobito,' from Praia das Conchas, St. Thomas,’ and from Logo-
logo, St. Thomas.? De Man reports N. diacanthus from Liberia, St.
George del Mina, and one. Thallwitz also records a Callinectes
io Sei. eben ‘XI, 13887, p. 295, Biden (2), II, 1890, Dp. 199.
2Tdem. (2), I, 1889, p. 131. 4 Notes Leyden Mus., V, 1883, p. 150.
No. 1199. CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AFRICA—RATHBUN. 291
(* Neptunus diacanthus”) from Ogowé, West Africa, and Bahia, Brazil.
It is impossible to tell without examination of specimens whether these
so-called “ N. diacanthus” are synonymous with C. bocourti or with other
species of Callinectes.
Rochebrune says of Neptunus amnicola, which I think may be identi-
eal with Callinectes bocourti, that it is found only in the fresh waters of
rivers and is much sought after for food, the meat being exceptionally
good. The negroes fish for them to eat and to sell to the Europeans.
The Ouolofs eall it ‘‘koti.” ,
CALLINECTES MARGINATUS (A. Milne-Edwards).
Neptunus marginatus A. MILNE-EDwarpbs, Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, X, 1861,
p. 318, pl. xxx, fig. 2.
Callinectes marginatus RATHBUN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XI, 1897, p. 149, and
synonymy.
Range.—Bahamas and Florida Keys to Bahia, Brazil; West Africa.
West African localities—Cape Verde Islands; Bissau (Osorio);
Liberia; Beyah River, Elmina, Ashantee; Gabun; St. Paul de Loanda.
CALLINECTES GLADIATOR (Benedict).
Callinectes tumidus var. gladiator BENEDICT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893,
p. 537.
Callinectes tumidus gladiator RATHBUN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1896, p. 360.
Callinectes gladiator RATHBUN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XI, 1897, p. 150.
West African localities.—Liberia; mouth of Mesurado River, Mon-
rovia (O. F. Cook); Dakar (O. F. Cook); Beyah River, Elmina, Ash-
antee; Chinchoxo; Kongo Expedition (Brit. Mus.).
CALLINECTES LATIMANUS (Rathbun).
Callinectes latimanus RATHBUN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XI, 1897, p. 151, text
figs. 6-8.
? Neptunus marginatus var. truncata AURIVILLIUS, K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XXIV,
1898, Pt. 4, No.1, p. [5], pl. 1, figs. 1-4.
West African localities.—Lagos, Bight of Benin, Guinea; Kamerun
(Aurivillius).
Genus CHARYBDELLA Rathbun.
CHARYBDELLA RUBRA (Lamarck).
Portunus ruber LAMARCK, Hist. Anim. sans Vert., V, 1818, p. 260.
Cronius ruber Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hi&t. N. Y., VII, 1860, p. 225.
Goniosoma millerti A. MILNE-EDWARDS, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., IV, 1869,
p. 54, pl. xvui, figs. 1-3.—Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 218.
Cronius millertti A. MILNE-EDWARDS, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 232.
Range.—Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, to Brazil; Panama;
Acapulco (Faxon in litt.); West Africa.
1 Abh. Ber. K. Zool. Mus. Dresden, No. 3, 1891, p. 53.
202 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
West African localities—Cape St. Vincent, Cape Verde Islands (A.
Milne-Edwards); Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms (Miers); St.
Thomas (Osorio); Loanda (Osorio).
Genus LIOCARCINUS Stimpson.
= Portunus Leach.
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS LIOCARCINUS.
A. Carapace and chelipeds covered with numerous transverse lines of granules
bordered swith hair’ 533. Se5s ess ace eee eee eee corrugatus
A’. Carapace and chelipeds not covered with numerous transverse lines of granules
bordéred with hainifcee a So Ree See ey ee nee si eteneose eee eeecr pusillus
LIOCARCINUS CORRUGATUS (Pennant).
Cancer corrugatus PENNANT, Brit. Zool., IV, 1777, p.5.
Portunus corrugatus Bosc, Hist. Nat. Crust., I, 1802, p. 217.—Mixrs, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 219.
Portunus strigilis Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., X, 1858, p. 38.
Range.—Europe; West Africa; Japan (Stimpson, Miers); Australia
(Miers).
West African localities—Oft Fayal, Azores, 50 to 90 fathoms (Miers) ;
Canaries (Brullé); St. Vincent, Cape Verde Islands (Miers); Goree Bay,
Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms (Miers).
LIOCARCINUS PUSILLUS (Leach).
Portunus pusillus LEAcH, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, XI, 1815, p. 318.
Range.—EKurope (in the Mediterranean to 450 meters); Azores (Bar-
rois); West Africa, including islands.
West African localities.—Canaries (Miers); Goree Bay, Senegambia,
9 to 15 fathoms (Miers).
Genus THALAMITA Latreille.
THALAMITA INTEGRA AFRICANA Miers.
Thalamita integra var. africana Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 218.
West African localities—Canary Islands; Goree Bay, Senegambia,
9 to 15 fathoms (Miers); Saudade, St. Thomas, 750 meters altitude
(Osorio).
Family CANCRID.
Genus ATELECYCLUS Leach.
ATELECYCLUS ROTUNDATUS (Olivi).
Cancer rotundatus OLIVI, Zool. Adriat., 1792, p. 47, pl. u, fig. 2.
Atelecyclus rotundatus Mirrs, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 220.
Range.—Mediterranean; West coast of France; West Africa.
West African locality.—Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms
(Miers).
NO. 1199. CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AFRICA—RATHBUN. 293
Tribe OX YRHYNCHA.
Family MAIID 4.
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN GENERA OF THE FAMILY MATID#,
A. Eyes without defined orbits.
1B, ROSEN) Sibi NIG) Sen een oea case Bees Saec coo mess Bese aes > Beene eee Stenorynchus.
1B, IR@SHRILN WyyO= DUNO Sb ce5 5 Sao6 code oobosd.csaSo5 boa coe ee eueed ~sae! Macropodia.
A’. Eyes with defined orbits.
B. Orbits incomplete, with open fissures.
C. Carapace triangulate; preorbital spines acute, well developed, directed
CRUEL CHEE br SS oy eee es OTe Gd Sue ea ee ea eR ac Pisa.
C’. Carapace suboval; branchial regions swollen; preorbital teeth short,
Wit RS Saad sass Coad Ceo Se Rama O anor Seer Seas Comoe See aes ies Micropisa.
13’, Oman: Gomnjolloue 235 ssssde6 5 SSccsuds bobs sos sues cobadéas saco5e onde cooU! LOUK NICIs
Genus STEHENORYNCHUS Lamarck.
STENORYNCHUS SAGITTARIUS (Fabricius).
Cancer sagittarius FABRICIUS (part), Ent. Sys. emend. et aucta, II, 1793, p. 442.
Leptopodia sagittaria LEACH, Zool. Misc., II, 1815, p. 16, pl. 67.
Stenorynchus sagittarius RATHBUN, Ann. Inst. Jamaica, I, 1897, p. 4.
Range.—Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
West Africa.
West African localities—Madeira Islands; Canary Islands; Cape
Verde Islands; Senegambia (Herklots); St. Thomas (Osorio).
Genus MACROPODIA Leach.
MACROPODIA ROSTRATA (Linnzus).
Cancer rostratus LINN&ZUS, Fauna Suecica, 1761, p. 492.
Cancer phalangium PENNANT, Brit. Zool., IV, 1777, p. 8, pl. 1x, fig. 17.
Stenorynchus phalangium MILNE-EDWaARDS, Hist. Nat. Crust., I, 1834, p. 279.—
BELL, Brit. Stalk-eyed Crust., 1853, p. 2, figures.
Macropodia rostratus STEBBING, Hist. Recent Crust., 1893, p. 105.
Range.—Kurope; West Africa.
West African localities—Azores Islands; Madeira Islands; Cape
Verde Islands; Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms (Miers).
MACROPODIA ROSTRATA SPINULOSA (Miers).
Stenorhynchus rostratus var. spinulosus Miers, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), VIII, 1881,
p. 206.
Range.—Belfast Bay, Ireland (Miers); Vigo Bay, Spain (Miers);
West Africa.
West African locality—Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms
(Miers).
Anterior legs armed with numerous spinules on the upper and lower
edges of the arms, wrists, and hands; the fingers, which are dilated
and laterally compressed, are smooth, and when closed have between
them, near the base, a wide hiatus.
294 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
Genus PISA Leaeh.
PISA CARINIMANA Miers.
Pisa carinimana Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), [V, 1879, p. 11, pl. 1v, fig.6; Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 207.
West African localities.—Canary Islands (type locality); Goree Bay,
Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms (Miers).
Genus MICROPISA Stimpson.
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS MICROPISA.
A. Four tubercles in a transverse line on the gastric region. Branchial spines
pointed.
B. Carapace considerably longer than wide..........-....---.-----.---- violacea.
Be Carapace about as; lone ashwide ee y=) seen e eee ee eee eeeee bocagei.
A’. Three tubercles in a transverse line on the gastric region. Branchial spines
terminatine inlay butlOness sss see eee aCe Sets eer Eee eee eryophora.
MICROPISA VIOLACEA A. Milne-Edwards.
Micropisa violacea A. MILNE-EDWARDsS, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., IV, 1868,
p. 50, pl. xvi, figs. 3-6.
Herbstia violacea Miers, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 206.
West African localities.—Cape St. Vincent, Cape Verde Islands (A.
Milne-Edwards); Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms (Miers); St.
Thomas (Osorio); Loanda (Osorio); Angola (A. Milne-EKdwards).
MICROPISA BOCAGEI Osorio.
Micropisa bocagei OSORIO, Jor. Sci. Lisboa, XI, 1887, p. 223.
West African locality.—Benguela, Angola (Osorio).
MICROPISA ERYOPHORA Rochebrune.
Micropisa eryophora ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris (7), VII, 1883, p. 167.
Herbstia eryophora RATHBUN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, p. 93.
West African localities—Mouth of the Gambia and of the Casa-
mance (Rochebrune).
Genus LIBINIA Leach.
LIBINIA DUBIA Milne-Edwards.
Libinia dubia MILNE-EDWARDS, Hist. Nat. Crust., I, 1834, p. 300, pl. x1v bis, fig.
2.—STREETS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1870, p. 104. ~
Range.—Massachusetts to Texas; West Africa (Streets).
I have recently come to the conclusion that certain forms usually
considered varieties of L. dubia are distinct. These are L. distincta
Guérin, Capello (not von Martens) and L. rhomboidea Streets = L. inflata
Streets = UL. distincta von Martens (type examined). A specimen of
the former is in the United States National Museum from Charlotte
Harbor, Florida (Cat. No. 15203, U.S.N.M.), and of the latter from
Merida, Yucatan (Cat. No. 2169, U.S.N.M.).
No. 1199. CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AFRICA—RATHBUN. 295
Family PARTHENOPID.
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN GENERA OF THE FAMILY PARTHENOPIDA.,
A. Carapace not laterally expanded so as to conceal the ambulatory legs-.Zambrus.
A’. Carapace more or less expanded to form a vault in which the ambulatory legs
GR COMCECHIC occ tes eodb aa eeusss eoceesdoode oper es Cp acoGsEeces Heterocrypta. *
Genus LAMBRUS Leach.
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS LAMBRUS.
Ae Oarapacemuchy widersbhan Lome sere tssmseiesiaisisis ereisieicies/=\-leis cs e)ei-ie)6 macrochelos.
A’. Carapace nearly as long as wide.
B. Carapace very convex and tuberculated.......-. Dae pare eee ers Massend.
B’. Carapace more depressed and sparingly granulated...--.....-----. bicarinatus.
LAMBRUS MACROCHELOS (Herbst).
Cancer macrochelos HERBST, Natur. Krabben u. Krebse, {, 1790, p. 254, pl. x1x,
fig. 107.
Lambrus mediterraneus Roux, Crust. Médit., 1828, p. (20), pl. 1.
Lambrus macrocheles ORTMANN, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., VII, 1893, p. 414.
Range.—Mediterranean Sea; West Africa.
West African locality.—Liberia, 49 fathoms (Studer).
LAMBRUS MASSENA Roux.
Lambrus massena Roux, Crust. Médit., 1828, p. (25), pl. x x111, figs. 7-12.
Lambrus (Parthenopoides) massena Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), VIII, 1881,
p. 207.
Lambrus (Parthenolambrus) massena MIERs, Challenger Rept., Zool., XVII, 1886,
p- 100.
Range.—Mediterranean; West Coast of France; Azores (Barrois);
Azores, off Fayal, 50 to 90 fathoms (Miers); West Africa.
West African localities.—Canaries; St. Vincent, Cape Verde Islands
(Miers); Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms (Miers).
Variety GOREENSIS Miers.
Lambrus massena var. goreensis MIERS, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), VIII, 1881, p.
374= Variety Spinifer, idem., p. 208.
Differs from typical massena in having the prominent tubercles of the
gastric, cardiac, and branchial regions developed into blunt spines. A
Similar spine exists near the distal end of the upper surface of the arm,
and the upper surface of the palms is strongly granulated and tuber-
culated (Miers).
West African locality. Goree Island, Senegambia (Miers).
Variety ATLANTICA Miers.
Lambrus massena var. atlanticus Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), VIII, 1881, p.
208; Challenger Rept., Zool., XVII, 1886, p. 100.
Front much less prominent than in typical forms, more deflexed and
rounded at its distal end; the regions of the carapace less convex and
296 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vor. XXIL
less prominently granulated, with the interspaces and the sides
toward the lateral margins also more or less granulated; arm gen-
erally shorter (Miers).
West African localities.—St. Vincent, Cape Verde Islands (Miers);
Goree Island, Senegambia (Miers).
LAMBRUS BICARINATUS Miers.
Lambrus (Parthenopoides) bicarinatus M1iERs, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), VIII, 1881,
p- 208.
Lambrus (Parthenolambrus) bicarinatus Mirrs, Challenger Rept., Zool., XVII,
1886, p. 99.
West African localities.—Canary Islands (Miers); Goree Island, Sene-
gambia, 9 to 15 fathoms (Miers).
Genus HETEROCRYPTA Stimpson.
HETEROCRYPTA MALTZANI Miers.
Heterocrypta maltzami M1ERs, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 209, pl. xii,
fig. 1.
Heterocrypta maltzani MieRS, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 374; Chal-
lenger Rept., Zool., XVII, 1886, p. 103.
Range.—Bay of Toulon, 455 meters (A. Milne-Edwards); Fayal,
Azores, 50 to 90 fathoms; Azores, 450 fathoms; West Africa.
West African locality.—Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms
(Miers).
Tribe OX YSTOMA TA:
Family CALAPPID®.
Genus CALAPPA Fabricius.
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS CALAPPA.
A. Carapace with a deep hollow on either side of the gastric region. Posterior
teeth of clypeiform expansion broad and shallow ...--..-.----..----- gallus.
A’. Carapace without a deep hollow on either side of the gastric region. Posterior
teeth of clypeiform expansion elongate, spiniform.
B. Lateral teeth of clypeiform expansion three. Carapace marked with patches
of blood red.
C. Lateral and postero-lateral teeth of clypeiform expansion longer than broad.
rubroguttata.
C’. Lateral and postero-lateral teeth of clypeiform expansion broader than long.
granulata.
B’. Lateral teeth of clypeiform expansion four. Carapace narrower than the pre-
Ceding a Loci Bee etcetera ce er ote es Dg ee es ares ee pelti.
No. 1199. CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AFRICA—RATHBUN. 297
CALAPPA GALLUS (Herbst).
Cancer gallus HERBST, Natur. Krabben u. Krebse, III, 1803, Pt. 3, pp. 18, 46,
pl. Lv, fig. 1.
Cancer (Calappa) gallus LATREILLE, Regne Anim. Cuvier, III, 1817, p. 24.
Calappa galloides Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., VII, 1859, p. 71.
Range.—Islands of the Pacific and Indian oceans; Red Sea; West
Africa; Florida Keys; Jamaica; Curacao; Bahia, Brazil.
West African localities—Cape Verde Islands (Paris Mus.), Guinea
(Copenhagen Museum), St. Thomas (Osorio), Benguela (Osorio).
CALAPPA GRANULATA (Linnzus).
Cancer granulatus LINN&US, Sys. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 627; 12th ed., I, Pt. 2,
1767, p. 1043 (type).
Cancer (Calappa) granulatus CUVIER, Hist. Nat. Anim., 1798, p. 459.
Calappa granulata CAPELLO, Jor. Sci. Lisboa, III, 1870, p. 130.
Range.—Mediterranean; Portugal; Azores; West Africa; Japan,
(Barrois).
West African localities.—Canaries (Brullé); Angola (Capello); Ben-
guela (Osorio).
CALAPPA RUBROGUTTATA Herklots.
Calappa rubroguttata HERKLOTS, Addit. Fauna Afr. Occ., 1851, p. 11.
Calappa bocagei CAPELLO, Jor. Sci. Lisboa, ITI, 1870, p. 130, pl. 11, fig. 3.
West African localities.—Near Boutry, Guinea (Herklots); Princes
Island (Osorio); St. Thomas Island (Osorio); Gabun (Paris Mus.);
Angola (Capello); Benguela and Bay of Mossamedes (Osorio).
CALAPPA PELII Herklots.
Calappa pelii HERKLOTS, Addit. Fauna Afr. Occ., 1851, p. 12.
West African locality—Near Boutry, Guinea (Herklots).
Family MA’TUTIDA.
Genus HEPATUS Latreille.
HEPATUS PRINCEPS (Herbst).
Cancer princeps HERBST, Natur. Krabben u. Krebse, II, 1794, p. 154, pl. xxxvIII,
fig 2.
Calappa angustata FABRICIUS, Entom. Syst., Suppl., 1798, p. 347.
Hepatus fasciatus LATREILLE, Hist. Nat. Crust., V, 1803, p. 388.
Range.—F rom Georgia to Brazil; West Africa; Cape of Good Hope
(Herklots); East Indies (Herbst).
West African locality.—Guinea (Copenhagen Museum).
298 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII
Family LEUCOSIID2?.
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN GENERA OF THE FAMILY LEUCOSIID.
A. Merus of external maxillipeds more than half the length of the ischium measured
along the inner border; fingers stout, gradually narrowing from base to tip.
B. Carapace subglobular, convex, the regions usually not distinctly delimited,
but merged into the general convexity....-...--.------------------ Philyra.
B’. Carapace polygonal; surface broken or nodular; regions delimited by grooves
Oe macebRaes Ge ly oo6 so. Ses co soosse coseco ec saos se oees os bodses = Ebalia.
A’. Merus of external maxillipeds half or less than half the length of the ischium
measured along the inner border; fingers slender, almost of same diameter
THeONEN LISS). WO WYO cacGas ecdahe coodoe ba90de b65550 ou So0 douche coueSS So Leucosia.
Genus PHILYRA Leaeh.
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS PHILYRA.
A. Carapace with a lateral dorsal crest .-----.-----.----.---+-. ------------ cristata
A’. Carapace without a lateral dorsal crest ...-..-..---.----.---------- levidorsalis.
PHILYRA CRISTATA Miers.
Philyra cristata Miers, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 263, pl. xv, fig 1.
West African locality.—Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms
(Miers).
PHILYRA LAVIDORSALIS Miers.
Philyra levidorsalis Mrmrs, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 264, pl. xv, fig. 2.
West African locality.—Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms
(Miers).
Genus EBALIA Leach.
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS EBALIA.
A. Exognath of outer maxilliped reaching the distal end of the merus of the
endognath .. 0.2 <2 orn oe ie ele arias ie minim wm am am aleinie) aal afinis.
A’. Exognath of outer maxilliped not reaching the distal end of the merus of the
GiGloyaneily 2h o5 Seo5su 66 Geauesooab descue pagoon cecanocd ceases ocgccuc tuberculata.
EBALIA TUBERCULATA Miers.
Ebalia tuberculata Miers, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 266, pl. xv, fig. 3.
West African locality.—Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms
(Miers).
EBALIA AFFINIS Miers.
Ebalia afinis Mrers, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 268, pl. xtv, fig. 4.
West African locality—Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms
(Miers).
No. 1199. CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AHRICA—RATHBUON. 299
Genus LEUCOSIA Fabricius.
LEUCOSIA SPINOSA (Miers).
Ilia spinosa Miers, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 265, pl. xv, fig. 3.
West African localities.—Canary Islands; Goree Bay, Senegambia,
9 to 15 fathoms (Miers).
Family DORIPPID®.
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN GENERA OF THE FAMILY DORIPPID2.
A. The anterior extremity of the buccal cavern passes between the antennules to or
even beyond the tip of the front; the afferent branchial apertures are
situated in front of the bases of the chelipeds, a bridge of the carapace
TUDNICIAYEND Sc oece csoaa5 6565e5 a Soess Sonees Ga a50—0 boo5es sodene Soacdeesee Dorippe.
A’. The anterior extremity of the buccal cavern either stops at, or does not reach as
far as the basal joint of the antennules; the afferent branchial openings are
situated immediately in front of the bases of the chelipeds ........... Hthusa.
Genus DORIPPE Fabricius.
DORIPPE ARMATA Miers.
Dorippe armata WHITE, Manuscript, MIERS, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), VIII, 1881, p.
269, pl. xv, fig. 4.
West African localities—Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms
(Miers); Island of St. Thomas (Osorio); Kongo Expedition (White’s
type); Benguela (Osorio). |
Genus ETHUSA Roux.
ETHUSA MASCARONE (Herbst).
Cancer mascarone HERBST, Natur. Krabben u. Krebse, I, 1785, p. 191, pl. Xt,
fig. 69.
Ethusa mascarone Roux, Crust. Médit.,; 1828 [p. 83], pl. x vit.
Range of typical form.—Mediterranean; West Africa.
West African localities.—Canary Islands (Miers); Goree Bay, Sene-
gambia, 9 to 15 fathoms (Miers).
Family RANINID As.
Genus RANINA Lamarek.
RANINA RANINA (Linnzus).
Cancer raninus LINN2ZUS, Sys. Nat., 10th ed., 1758, p. 625.
Ranina serrata LAMARCK, DESMAREST.
Ranina dentata LATREILLE, MILNE-EDWARDS.
Range.—Oriental region; West Africa (Osorio).
West African locality.—Island of St. Thomas (Osorio, 1887).
In 1889 Osorio expresses doubt as to the correctness of the label ‘St.
Thomas.”
300 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII
Tribe ANOMALA.
Family DROMID Zé.
Genus DROMIA Fabricius.
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS DROMIA.
A. Front simple.
Be -Antero-lateralimaroinjenbtine seeeae senate see ee eee eee eae eee Sulvohispida.
B’. Antero-lateral margin four-toothed ..-......--...--.- .----..--------- vulgaris.
ACE Eom tb bwWiO-S pin Ode S27 se Sete aes Ne ees es rene eras een ss valerie aust spinirostris.
DROMIA VULGARIS Milne-Edwards.
Dromia vulgaris MILNE-EDWaRrDS, Hist. Nat. Crust., II, 1837, p. 173, pl. xx1,
figs. 5-8.
Range.—Mediterranean; Atlantic coast of Europe; West African
islands.
West African islands.—Canaries (Brullé); Princes Island, and St.
Thomas Island (Osorio); St. Helena (Bate).
DROMIA FULVOHISPIDA Miers.
Dromia fulvohispida Miers, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 270, pl. xv1, fig. 1.
West African locality—Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms
(Miers).
DROMIA SPINIROSTRIS Miers.
Dromia spinirostris Miers, Ann, Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 271, pl. xv1,
fig. 2.
West African localities.—Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms
(Miers); Princes Island and St. Thomas Island (with a piece of wood
on its back) (Osorio).
Suborder MACRURA.
Tribe HIPPIDA.
Family HIPPIDA.
Genus HIPPA Fabricius.
HIPPA CUBENSIS (Saussure).
Remipes cubensis SAUSSURE, Rev. Mag. Zool. (2), IX, 1857, p. 503.
Remipes scutellatus Mimrs, Jour. Linn. Soc. London, XIV, 1879, p. 319. (Not
Hippa scutellata Fabricius, 1793.)
Range.—Florida Keys to Brazil; Bermuda (Henderson); West Africa
and adjacent islands.
West African localities—Cape Verde Islands (Studer, Miers, Cun-
ningham, Henderson); Dahomey (Osorio); St. Thomas (Osorio); Isla
das Rolas (Osorio); Quinchoxo (Studer); Ascension Island (Miers,
Benedict).
No. 1199. CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AFRICA—RATHBUN. 301
The generic name Hippa has here a different signification from that
commonly indicated. Hippa was established by Fabricius in 1787.!
Five species were assigned to it, one of which should still remain in the
genus. Of these five species four were removed in 1798 by Fabricius
himself to other genera, namely, the species symnista, dorsipes, and
scabra to Albunea, and the species variolosa to Symethis=Zanclifer
Henderson, 1888. The single original species, adactyla, left by Fabri-
cius in the genus Hippa, should be regarded as the type of the genus.
This species was later made the type of the genus Remipes by Latreille,
1806, under the name Remipes testudinarius. Remipes, therefore,
becomes a synonym of Hippa.
Tribe PAGURIDEA.
Family CQANOBITID 4.
Genus CC NOBITA Latreille.
CG! NOBITA RUBESCENS Greeff.
Cenobita rugosus GREEFF, SB. Ges. Beford. Naturw. Marburg, 1882, No. 2, ». 28
(not Milne-Edwards).
Cenobita rubescens GREEFF, SB. Ges. Beférd. Naturw. Marburg, 1884, No. 2, p.53.—
Osorio, Jor. Sci. Lisboa, XI, 1887, p. 222.
West African islands.—St. Thomas Island (Greeff, Osorio); Rolas
(Greeff, Osorio). Apparently one species only inhabits these islands,
and was designated first by Greeff as C. rugosus Milne-Edwards, and
later as a distinct species, C. rubescens Greeff. Osorio records it under
both names.
According to Greeff, these hermits on the island of St. Thomas
inhabit many different kinds of shells as well as the tests of the sea
urchins, Hchinometra subangularis and Hipponoe esculenta. They are
numerous near the beaches, but migrate into the interior, distributing
and misplacing their marine shells over the whole island, as the growth
of the inhabitant or the injury to the shell requires its abandonment.
In such cases they often take refuge in land shells, and returning sea-
ward scatter these again far from the place where they have arisen and
properly occur. For example, hermits were found on the beach at the
mouth of a river in land shells, which naturally do not occur on the
island at less than 800 meters altitude.
Osorio found some examples living in the grains of a palm, Hlais
guineensis.
Family PAGURID 2.
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN GENERA OF THE FAMILY PAGURIDX.
A. Pleon soft and membranaceous, imperfectly segmented.
B. First and second abdominal segments without genital appendages.
C. Fifth leg of male on left side without an appendage at base.
D. No movable rostriform process.
' Mantissa Insectorum, pp. 329, 330.
302 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXI.
E. Chelipeds very unequal and dissimilar.
F, Left cheliped the larger. Third maxillipeds approximate at base.
Petrochirus.
F’. Right cheliped the larger. Third maxillipeds distant at base.. Pagurus.
Ki’. Chelipeds equal or subequal, and similar.
F. Dactyli of second and third pairs of feet not twisted - ..--. Clibanarius.
F’. Dactyli of second and third pairs of feet twisted..-.-.------ Isocheles.
D’. A movable rostriform process between the eye stalks. Left cheliped the
IEWRGR Whee Shades ond a55 Seb Soobos pao meo Load unaboueoSooS oa0oOs Diogenes.
C.’ Fifth leg of male on left side with an appendage at base.
D. Appendage more or less spirally twisted ...----.-.---..----- Spiropagurus.
1D’. Appendage short and curved.-.......-..-.-----.-----.-------- Anapagurus.
B’. First and second abdominal segments provided with genital appendages.
Paguristes.
A’. Pleon composed of seven distinct segments -......-.-.Glaucothoe, a larval form.
Genus PETROCHIRUS Stimpson.
(Includes Pagurus Stimpson. )
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS PETROCHIRUS.
A. Hands with an oval cavity on the upper surface near the inner margin. - cavitarius.
A’. Hands without an oval cavity on the upper surface near the inner margin.
B. Upper surface of propodus of large cheliped more or less spinous.
C. Upper surface of propodus of large cheliped crossed obliquely by rough striz.
D. Strie spinous only toward their inner side --...-...-..-......----arrosor.
D’. Strie spinous throughout their length -..-.......-..... arrosor pectinatus.
C.’ Upper surface of propodus of large cheliped with spines arranged partly in
lo oeatiqnclbneE Os) Sok ose obblego cou coegdccdox onlesiggcans coos: pustulatus.
B’ Upper surface of propodus of large cheliped covered with small irregular
plates overlapping like tiles -.......-....--..--.----....-granulimanus.
PETROCHIRUS ARROSOR (Herbst).
Cancer arrosor HERBsT, Natur. Krabben u. Krebse, II, 1796, p. 170, pl. XLItI, fig. 1.
Pagurus strigosus Bosc, Hist. Nat. Crust., II, 1802, p. 77, pl. x1, fig. 3.
Pagurus striatus LATREILLE, Hist. Nat. Crust., VI, 1803, p. 163.
The type of this species is preserved in the Berlin Museum.
Range.—Mediterranean; Portugal; West Africa, including islands;
Japan (de Haan); Zebu, Philippines (Henderson); off Tablas Island,
100 to 115 fathoms (Henderson).
West African localities.—Madeira (Stimpson, Miers, Studer); Cape
Verde Islands, 47 fathoms (Studer); Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15
fathoms (Miers); Dakar to 8 meters, Goree, 15 meters, and Rufisque, 6
meters (Chevreux and Bouvier).
PETROCHIRUS ARROSOR PECTINATUS Ortmann.
Pagurus striatus var. pectinata ORTMANN, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., VI, 1892, p. 284,
pl. x11, fig. 10.
Range.—Brazil (Ortmann) ; Dakar, Senegal (O. F. Cook, collector).
In this form, which may prove to be a distinct species, the last two
joints of the third foot of the left side have a longitudinal median sulcus
on the outer surface much deeper than in any specimens of typical P.
arrosor.
NO. 1199. CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AFRICA—RATHBUN. 303
PETROCHIRUS GRANULIMANUS (Miers).
Pagurus granulimanus Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 276, pl. xv1,
fig. 3.—CHEVREUX and BouvikR, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, XVI, 1891, p. 254;
Mém. Soc. Zool. France, V, 1892, p. 116, pl. 111, figs. 11-15.
West African localities.—Cape Verde Islands (Milne-Edwards and
Bouvier); Dakar, Goree, and Rufisque (Chevreux and Bouvier); Goree
Bay, 9 to 15 fathoms (Miers); Dakar (O. F. Cook, collector); Sene-
gambia (Ortmann).
PETROCHIRUS CAVITARIUS Osorio.
Petrochirus ? cavitarius OSORIO, Jor. Sci. Lisboa, XI, 1887, p. 228.
Petrochirus cavitarius Osorio, Jor. Sci. Lisboa (2), I, 1889, p. 139.
West African localities—Cape Verde Islands; Princes Island;
Loanda; Angola (Osorio).
PETROCHIRUS PUSTULATUS (Milne-Edwards).
Pagurus pustulatus MILNE-EDWARDs, Ann. Sci. Nat. (3), X, 1848, p. 60.
Eupagurus ? pustulatus STIMPSON, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., X, 1858, p. 238.
Petrochirus pustulatus CHEVREUX and BOUVIER, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, XVI,
1891, p. 254; Mém. Soc. Zool. France, V, 1892, p. 112, pl. 10, figs. 6-10.
West African localities.—Goree (Milne-Edwards); Dakar (Chevreux
and Bouvier),
Genus PAGURUS Fabricius.
= EKupagurus Brandt,
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS PAGURUS.
A. Upper surface of right cheliped with a median longitudinal ridge.
B. Ridge prominent; depressions deep and relatively smooth .---...-.. excavatus.
B’. Ridge low; depressions shallow and granulate ..--...----..---.. sculptimanus.
g' , dep s I
A’. Upper surface of right cheliped without ridges.
Be Hand much longer than wide \22224--5--2..-s25+ 22-2. 2-2-2 hss eee ee: inermis.
‘3B’. Hand as wide as long (in the palmar portion) .--.-....----...---- triangularis.
PAGURUS EXCAVATUS (Herbst).
Cancer excavatus HERBST, Natur. Krabben u. Krebse, II, 1791, p. 31, pl. x x11, fig. 8.
Pagurus angulatus Risso, Crust. Nice, 1816, p. 58, pl. 1, fig. 8.
Pagurus excavatus WHITE, List Crust. Brit. Mus., 1847, p. 59.
Eupagurus angulatus STIMPSON, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., X, 1858, p. 237.
Range.—Mediterranean; Bay of Biscay; Goree Bay, Senegal, 9 to
15 fathoms (Miers).
I have not attempted to give the complete synonymy of this species.
From the series of specimens in the U. 8S. National Museum, I judge
that P. meticulosus Roux is distinct from P. excavatus (Herbst). It is
probable that this last should be called P. alatus Fabricius, described
from Iceland, in 1775; type not extant.
304 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
PAGURUS SCULPTIMANUS (Lucas).
Lupagurus sculplimanus Lucas, Expl. Sci. Algérie, Zool., I, Crust., 1846, p.32, pl.11,
fig. 6. -CHEVREUX and Bouvier, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, XVI, 1891, p. 253;
Mém. Soe. Zool. France, V, 1892, p. 104, pl. 11, figs. 18-20.
Range.—Mediterranean; West Africa.
West African localities. alyeadeie and Canaries (Milne- Edwards and
Bouvier); Bay of Goree, 15 meters (Chevreux and Bouvier).
PAGURUS TRIANGULARIS (Chevreux and Bouvier).
Eupagurus triangularis CHEVREUX and BOUVIER, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, XVI
1891, p. 253; Mém. Soc. Zool. France, V, 1892, p. 93, pl. 1, figs. 9-15.
West African localities—Cape Verde Islands (Milne-Edwards and
Bouvier); Bay of Dakar, 8 meters (Chevreux and Bouvier).
PAGURUS? INERMIS (Chevreux and Bouvier).
EHupagurus? inermis CHEVREUX and BOUVIER, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, V, 1892
p. 109, pl. 111, figs. 1-5.
West African locality—Bay of Dakar, 8 meters (Chevreux and
Bouvier).
Genus CLIBANARIUS Dana.
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS CLIBANARIUS.
A. Dactyli of second and third pairs of feet shorter than propodi.
B. Claws covered with short conical spines or tubercles.
C7 Ambulatory feet pune tate-2 see ses se eee eee eisai ee eeeiecer senegalensis.
C’. Ambulatory feet not punctate....-...----.------------.---------- equabilis.
B’. Claws covered with flat granulated scales.....-...-..----.--..-------- melitat.
A’. Dactyli of second and third pairs of feet longer than propodi.
B. Second and third pairs of feet diagonally banded.
C. Propodi of second and third pairs of feet short, less than tives times as loug
AS W1de sso US aus VISAS Seen see Sep se eee ere ers) sirens emer ers africanus.
C’. Propodi long and slender, more than three times as long as wide... virescens.
B’. Second and third pairs of feet not banded nor striped.
C. Movable finger of cheliped the length of the palm ...---. clibanarius, variety ~
C’. Movable finger longer than the palm (measured along inner margin) -.- cooki.
CLIBANARIUS AEQUABILIS Dana.
Clibanarius equabilis Dana, Crust. U.S. Expl. Exped., I, 1852, p. 464; 1855, pl.
XxXIx, fig. 4.—AuRIviuLius, K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XXIV, 1898, p. 12,
pl. rv, fig. 8.
Range.—Tahiti (Dana); West Africa and islands.
West African localities—Madeira (Dana, Stimpson); Porto Praya,
Cape Verde Islands(Dana); Princes Island (Osorio; identification doubt-
ful); Kamerun, not far from Bibundi, in the sea (Aurivillius).
CLIBANARIUS SENEGALENSIS Chevreux and Bouvier.
Clibanarius senegalensis CHEVREUX and BouvisER, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, XVI,
1891, p. 256; Mém. Soc. Zool. France, V, 1892, p. 131, pl. rv, figs. 7-11.
West Africa.—Dakar, Senegal (Chevreux and Bouvier).
NO. 1199. CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AFRICA—RATHBUN. 305
CLIBANARIUS MELITAI Chevreux and Bouvier.
Clibanarius melitat CHEVREUX and BouvikEr, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, XVI, 1891,
p. 255; Mém. Soc. Zool. France, V, 1892, p. 135, pl. 1v, figs. 1-6.
West Africa.—Dakar, Senegal (Chevreux and Bouvier).
CLIBANARIUS COOKI, new species.
Allied to C. cubensis (Saussure) = C. sclopetarius Stimpson, not Herbst.
Eyes long and slender; second and third pairs of feet not striped.
In most of its characters this species resembles C. cubensis of the
eastern coast of America. The anterior part of the carapace is pro-
portionally shorter than in that species. The eyes,
though longer and slenderer than in other West
African species, are shorter than in cubensis; they
reach slightly beyond the peduncles of the antenne
and antennule. Peduncles of antennule very lit-
tle longer than those of the an-
tenn. Lastsegment of peduncle
of antenne more slender than in
cubensis.
Chelipeds, as in cubensis, equal. fern rane
The penultimate segments of the — Puaric appeNDAGEs,Dor-
ainpulatonys lees, are) Marrower sets =.
than in cubensis. These legs are
without stripes or bands of color; otherwise they re-
semble those of cubensis. The dactylus of the second
leg is about as long as its propodus and one-third its
Fic. 2.—Ciipanakius carpus; that of the third leg as long as its propodus
COOKI. LEFT LEG ° F
or seconp parr, 0d two-thirds its carpus.
OUTER FACE. Two- Color in alcohol.—Carapace yellowish; legs yellow-
ae NATURAL ish red.
Dimensions.—Male: Length of anterior portion of
carapace, 13.8 mm.; width of same, 11.5 mm.; length of eyestalk, 11
mm.; length of dactylus of first ambulatory, 20.5 mm.
Type locality.—Mouth of Mesurado River, Monrovia; O. F. Cook,
collector; one male (Cat. No. 22156, U.S.N.M.).
CLIBANARIUS AFRICANUS Aurivillius.
Clitanarius africanus AURIVILLIUS, K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XXIV, 1898, p. 12,
pl. Iv, fig. 7.
West African locality—Kamerun; in river at Bibundi, in shells of
brackish-water snails; Kitta. (Aurivillius.)
CLIBANARIUS VIRESCENS (Krauss).
Pagurus virescens KRAUSS, Die Sudafr. Crust., 1843, p. 56, pl. rv, fig. 3.
Clibanarius virescens DANA, Crust. U.S. Expl. Exped., I, 1852, p. 466.
Range.—Natal coast (Krauss); the Zaire or Kongo (Osorio); Fijis,
Balabac Passage and Sooloo Sea (Dana; identification doubtful).
roe: NaMe vole xxit 20
306 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII
CLIBANARIUS CLIBANARIUS (Herbst).
Cancer clibanarius Hersst, Natur. Krabben u. Krebse, II, 1791, p.20, pl. xxi,
fig. 1.
Clibanarius vulgaris Dana, Crust. U.S. Expl. Exped., I, 1852, p. 462.
“Clibaunarius vulgaris (HERBST) var.?,” THALLWITZ, Abh. u. Ber. K. Zool. Mus.,
Dresden, 1890-91 [1891] No. 3, p. 33.
Range.—Oriental region; Africa.
African localities. —Ogove (Thallwitz); Angola or the Kongo (Osorio) ;
South Africa (Krauss).
Genus ISOCHELES Stimpson. —
ISOCHELES ? GRACILIS Miers.
Tsocheles ? gracilis Mirrs, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 277, pl. xvt, fig. 4.
West African locality.—Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms
(Miers).
Genus DIOGENES Dana.
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS DIOGENES.
A. Carpus and palm of left cheliped oblong, much longer than wide.
B. Large hand with an oblique spinulous crest on its outer face ...... brevirostris.
B’. Large hand without an oblique spinulous crest on its outer face... pugilator.
A’. Carpus and palm broad, the carpus subtriangular, the palm broader than
aos ayaa eatin 3 eRe este Cec el SA cae ot ad meta ae RR ib AES Of denticulatus.
DIOGENES PUGILATOR (Roux).
Pagurus pugilator Roux, Crust. Médit., 1828, pl. x1v, figs. 3, 4.
Diogenes varians Miers, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 272.
Diogenes pugilator BOUVIER, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, 1V, 1891, p. 396.
Range-—From England to Kotonou, on the coast of Gabun; Medi-
terranean; Black Sea.
West African localities—Senegal: Goree Bay, 9 to 15 fathoms
(Miers); Bay of Dakar (Chevreux and Bouvier); Rufisque (Bouvier).
Monrovia and Liberia (Bouvier). Kotonou, Gabun (Chevreux and
Bouvier).
Variety OVATA Miers.
Diogenes varians var. ovata Mizrs, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 274.
West Africa.—Goree Bay, 9 to 15 fathoms (Miers); Bay of Dakar,
5 and 8 meters (Chevreux and Bouvier); Senegambia (Ortmann).
Variety GRACILIMANA Miers.
Diogenes varians var. gracilimana Miers, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 274.
West Africa.—Goree Bay, 9 to 15 fathoms (Miers); Kotonou, Gabun
(Milne-Edwards and Bouvier).
NO. 1199. CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AFRICA—RATHBUN. 307
Variety INTERMEDIA Bouvier.
Diogenes pugilator var. intermedia BOUVIER, in Chevreux and Bouvier, Mém,
Soc. Zool. France, V, 1892, p. 122.
West Africaa—Bay of Dakar, 8 meters (Chevreux and Bouvier);
Monrovia (Milne-Edwards and Bouvier); Liberia (Bouvier); Kotonou,
Gabun (Bouvier).
_ DIOGENES BREVIROSTRIS Stimpson.
Diogenes brevirostris STIMPSON, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., X, 1858, p. 245.
African localities—Porto Praya, Cape Verde Islands (Studer);
Monrovia (Studer); Simons Bay, 12 fathoms (Stimpson); Simons Bay,
10 to 20 fathoms (Henderson); Cape of Good Hope (Ortmann).
DIOGENES DENTICULATUS Chevreux and Bouvier.
Diogenes denticulatus CHEVREUX and Bouvier, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, XVI,
1891, p. 254; Mém. Soc. Zool. France, V, 1892, p.122, pl. 111, figs. 16-20.
West African localities.—Rufisque, Senegal (Chevrenx and Bouvier);
mouth of Mesurado River, Monrovia (O. I’. Cook, collector).
Genus SPIROPAGURUS Stimpson.
SPIROPAGURUS ELEGANS Miers.
Spiropagurus elegans Miers, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 278, pl. xv1, fig. 5.
West African localities.—Off Gomera, Canaries, 78 fathoms (Hender-
son); Goree Bay, 9 to 15 fathoms (Miers); Goree, 15 meters (Chevreux
and Bouvier).
Genus ANAPAGURUS Henderson.
ANAPAGURUS CURVIDACTYLUS Chevreux and Bouvier.
Anapagurus curvidactylus CHEVREUX and BOUVIER, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, XVI,
1891, p. 253; Mém. Soc. Zool. France, V, 1892, p.91, pl. 11, figs. 2-8.
West African localities —Bay of Dakar, 8 meters; west of Goree, 15
meters (Chevreux and Bouvier).
Genus PAGURISTES Dana.
PAGURISTES HISPIDUS Milne-Edwards and Bouvier.
Paguristes hispidus MILNE-EDWARDS and BOuvVIER, Ann. Sci. Nat. (7), Zool., XIII,
1892, p. 208.
West Africa.—Liberia (Milne-Edwards and Bouvier).
Genus GLAUCOTHOE Milne-Edwards.
GLAUCOTHOE CARINATA Henderson.
Glaucothoe carinata HENDERSON, Challenger Rept., XX VII, 1888, p. 84, pl. 1x, fig.
1.—CHEVREUX and BouviER, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, XVI, 1891, p. 256;
Mém. Soc. Zool. France, V, 1892, p. 138, pl.1v, figs. 12-24.
West African localities.—Coast of Sahara, 80 meters; Goree, 15 meters;
Rufisque, 6 meters (Chevreux and Bouvier); Arguin Bank (Milne-
Edwards and Bouvier).
308 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
Tribe PORCELLANIDEA.
Family PORCELLANID 2A.
Genus PORCELLANA Lamarck.
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS PORCELLANA.
A. Carapace Smoothie. 2 x25 sans e eos See er eee ee eee ec eee speciosa.
A’. Carapace marked with prominent lines.
B. Front little inclined and with straight border -.....-..--..--.------.- mattost.
B’. Front inflected. Hands covered above with small granules disposed in
STOUPS. 2.5 See LEDS Salas Se i nee ee NE rep he etee emer eerae bella.
PORCELLANA SPECIOSA Dana.
Porcellana speciosa DaNa, Crust. U. 8S. Expl. Exped., I, 1852, p. 417; 1855, pl.
XXVI, fig. 8.
Range.—Pacific Ocean: Drummond Island, Kingsmills Group;
Wakes Island; Mangsi Islands, Balabac Straits; Raraka, Paumotu
Archipelago. West Africa.
West African localities.—Princes Island (Osorio); St. Thomas Island
(Osorio).
PORCELLANA MATTOSI Osorio.
Porcellana mattosi OSORIO, Jor. Sci. Lisboa, XI, 1887, p. 229.
West African locality.x—Loanda (Osorio).
PORCELLANA BELLA Osorio.
Porcellana bella Osorio, Jor. Sci. Lisboa, XI, 1887, p. 229.
West African locality—Loanda (Osorio).
deribe: BE AIZAS SEND EASE
Family CALLIANASSID 2.
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN GENERA OF THE FAMILY CALLIANASSIDA.
A. Second pair of feet minutely chelate........-.-.-.--..-.---.---.---+ Callianassa.
A’, Second pair of feet not chelate.........-...-...-..------------------- Upogebia.
Genus CALLIANASSA Leach.
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS CALLIANASSA.
Me Rostrumiplree-splme dese ates sa esse eer ene sie seer tera eee eereets turnerana.
A’. Rostrum five-spined.....-..---.---.---- SS cas BS fe oee ceretee cease areas diademata.
CALLIANASSA TURNERANA White.
Callianassa turnerana WHITE, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1861, p. 42, pl. VI.—
A. M1ILnE-Epwarbs, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, VI, 1870, p. 89.
West Africa.—Kamerun (White, A. Milne-Edwards).
No. 1199. CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AFRICA—RATHBUN. 309
cc]
CALLIANASSA DIADEMATA Ortmann.
Callianassa diademata ORTMANN, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., VI, 1891, p. 56, pl. 1, fig. 11.
Range.—Africa, probably West Africa (Ortmann).
Genus UPOGEBIA Leach.
UPOGEBIA FURCATA (Aurivillius).
Gebia furcata AURIVILLIUS, K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XXIV, 1898, p. 13, pl. 1,
figs. 5-7.
West African locality.—In decaying fragments of wood, rivers of
Bibundi, Kamerun (Aurivillius).
Tribe LORICATA.
Family SCYLLARID 4.
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN GENERA OF THE FAMILY SCYLLARIDA.
A. Exognath of external maxillipeds with a flagellum; rostrum prominent.
Scyllarides.
A’. Exognath of external maxillipeds without a flagellum; rostrum very short,
TRUM CA Sodson causes eaSase osesan Ga vooo Senco coc oed Hope sccsooeeuosss Scyllarus.
Genus SCYLLARUS Fabricius.
SCYLLARUS ARCTUS PARADOXUS Miers.
Scyllarus (Arctus) arctus var. paradoxus Miers, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), VIII, 1881,
p. 364.
West African localities.—Goree Bay, Senegal, 9 to 15 fathoms (Miers).
The typical form of this species is found not only in western and
southern Europe, and at Madeira, the Canaries, and Azores (Mus.
Comp. Zool.), but there are specimens in the U.S. National Museum
from off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, 49 fathoms (Albatross station
2596), from Pensacola, Florida, and from Mazatlan, Pacific coast of
Mexico. It is quite distinct from S. americanus (Smith) = S. gundlachi
von Martens, of the West Indian region.
Genus SCYLLARIDES Gill.
SCYLLARIDES LATUS (Latreille).
Scyllarus latus LATREILLE, Hist. Nat. Crust., VI, 1803, p. 182.
Scyllarus herklotsii PEL, in Herklots, Addit. Fauna Afr. Oce., 1851, p. 14, pl. 1,
figs. 14, 15.
Scyllarus dehaanit HERKLOTs, Addit. Fauna Afr. Oce., 1851, p. 14, pl. u, figs. 12, 13.
Range.—Mediterranean ; Portugal; Azores (U.S.N.M.); West Africa,
including islands; Cuba (von Martens).
West African localities.—Canaries (Milne-Edwards); near Boutry,
Guinea (Herklots); St. Helena (Bate).
eS
310 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
Family PALINURID &.
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN GENERA OF THE FAMILY PALINURIDA,
A. Upper part of antennular segment almost horizontal, broad, so that the bases of
the outer antenne are distant from each other .....-...---.----..--- Panulirus.
A’. Upper part of antennular segment oblique, rather narrow, so that the bases of the
outer antenne are near together -......--..-..2--..--..---.---.---- Palinostus.
Genus PANULIRUS White.
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS PANULIRUS.
A. Exognath of outer maxillipeds without palpus and reaching to the middle of the
RAGOMG ONG co secs shoe so bsee Sogo ceccoo bccesd pasos seEsaD sessed sata Dee regius.
A’. Exognath of outer maxillipeds wanting...-.--.---.-------------------- ornatus,
PANULIRUS REGIUS Capello.
Panulirus regius CAPELLO, Desc. tres esp. nov. Crust. Afr. Occ., Lisboa, 1864, p. 5,
fig. 1; Mem. Acad. R. Sci. Lisboa, Cl. Sci. Nat., new ser., II, 1865, Pt. 2.
2 Senex longipes PFEFFER, Verh. Nat. Ver. Hamb.-Altona (2), V, 1881, p. 41.
West African localities.—Cape Verde Islands (Capello); Liberia (Mus.
Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci.); Monrovia and St. Thomas Island (Pfeffer); St.
Thomas Island (Osorio); Benguela (Osorio).
PANULIRUS ORNATUS (Fabricius?, Herklots).
Palinurus ornatus HERKLOTS, Addit. Fauna Afr. Occ., 1851, p. 15.
West Africa.—St. George-del-Mina, Guinea (Herklots).
Genus PALINOSTUS Bate.
PALINOSTUS PHOBERUS Rochebrune.
Palinustus phoberus ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris (7), VII, 1883, p, 173.
West African localities.—Mouth of the Gambia and of the Casamance
(Rochebrune).
Tribe CARIDEA.
Family PEN AIDS.
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN GENERA OF THE FAMILY PENZIDZ,
A. First three pairs of trunk-legs with exopods.......-.---..------------- Peneus.
A’. Trunk-legs without exopods.......--..----..-----0--- --+--+++-------- Sicyonia.
Genus PENAUS Fabricius.
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS PENZUS.
A. Carapace without a median groove running from the rostrum to the posterior
NMP AINE e Eee nas Goes Go eauGKs GoeoaR soauas descouluccgadod booed velutinus.
A’, Carapace with a median groove behind the rostrum.
B. Base of feet of third pair armed with strong spines...-..---...----- caramote.
B.’ Base of feet of third pair without spines.
Ci Lelson;wathjlateralespineses esse ese eee asaser emia canaliculatus.
C/* Telson without lateral’spines 2% e-csse an. soe eae ee eer brasiliensis.
NO. 1199. CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AFRICA—RATHBUN. 311
PENAUS CARAMOTE (Risso).
Alpheus caramote Risso, Crust. Nice, 1816, p. 90.
Peneus caramote DESMAREST, Dict. Sci. Nat., XXVIII, 1823, p. 320.
Range.—Mediterranean, Atlantic coast of Spain and Portugal, West
Africa.
West African locality.—Benguela (Osorio).
PENAZUS CANALICULATUS (Olivier).
Palemon canaliculatus OLIVIER, Eneye. Méth., Hist. Nat., Entom., VIII, 1811,
p. 660.
Peneus canaliculatus MILNE-EDWARDS, Hist. Nat. Crust., II, 1837, p. 414.
Range.—Indo-Pacifie region; West Africa.
West African locality.—Benguela (Osorio).
PENZUS BRASILIENSIS Latreille.
Peneus brasiliensis LATREILLE, Nouy. Dict. Hist. Nat., XXV, 1817, p. 156.
Range.—Hudson River at Sing Sing, New York (Stimpson), to Rio
Grande do Sul, Brazil (Ortmann); West Africa.
West African localities.—Rufisque, Senegal (Miers); Elmina, Ashantee
(Benedict); Whydah (Miers); St. Thomas Island (Osorio).
PENAUS VELUTINUS Dana.
Peneus velutinus Dana, Crust. U.S. Expl. Exped., I, 1852, p. 604; 1855, pl. x1, fig. 4.
Range.—Lahaina, Sandwich Islands (Dana); Oriental region, from
Japan to Gulf of Suez; West Australia; West Africa.
West African localities.—Goree Bay, Senegal, 9 to 15 fathoms (Miers);
St. Thomas Island (Osorio).
Genus SICYONIA Milne-Edwards.
SICYONIA SCULPTA Milne-Edwards.
Sicyonia sculpta MILNE-EDWaRDS, Ann. Sci. Nat. (1), XIX, 1830, p. 840, pl. 1x,
figs. 1-8.
ftange.—Mediterranean; West Africa.
West African localities.—St. Vincent, Cape Verde Islands (Bate);
Goree Bay, Senegal, 9 to 15 fathoms (Miers).
Family CRANGONID i.
Genus PONTOPHILUS Leaeh.
PONTOPHILUS CATAPHRACTUS (Olivi).
Cancer cataphractus OLIv1, Zool. Adriat., 1792, p. 50, pl. 111, fig. 1 (teste Ortmann).
Pontophilus cataphractus ORTMANN, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1895, p. 183.
Range.—Mediterranean; Goree Bay, Senegal, 9 to 15 fathoms ( Miers).
312 PRUCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIL
———
Family ALPHEID 2.
Genus ALPHEUS Fabricius.
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS ALPHEUS.
A. A deep fissure the length of the orbital lobes separating them from the
TROP os soo cusocdon Sono doSSue So0S cous cob5 SU eco Hoss. 5eue S500 intrinsecus.
A’. No deep fissure between rostrum and orbital lobes.
B. Orbital arches armed with a spine.
C. Hands tuberculate on inner face...........--.-. tae Boek on At een tuberculosus.
C’. Hands not tuberculate on inner face -..---..--...---.---------- macrocheles.
B’. Orbital arches entire.
C. Rostrum carinated. Merus of large claw without a spine .-.-..---- bouviert.
C’. Rostrum not carinated. Merus of large claw with a spine at distal end of
Tower Maron ce ke wire rete ace eeee sit oreie rece ieee notre paracrinitus.
ALPHEUS BOUVIERI A. Milne-Edwards.
Alpheus edwardsit Dana, Crust. U.S. Expl. Exped., I, 1852, p. 542; 1855, pl. xxx1v,
fig.2. Not 4. edwardsit Audouin.
Alpheus bouvieri A. MILNE-Epwarpbs, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris (7), II, 1878,
p. 231.
West African localities.—St. Jago, Cape Verde Islands (Dana); off
St. Vincent, Cape Verde Islands (Bate, as ediwardsii); Cape Verde
Islands (A. Milne-Edwards); Bibundi, Kamerun (Aurivillius, as
edwardst).
ALPHEUS MACROCHELES (Hailstone).
Hippolyte macrocheles HAILSTONE, Mag. Nat. Hist., VIII, 1835, pp. 395, 549,
552, 553. :
Alpheus megacheles NORMAN, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), II, 1868, p. 175.
Alpheus pontederie ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris (7), VII, No. 4, 1883,
p. 174.
Range.—Europe; West Africa.
West African locality—Senegambia (Rochebrune), in Pontederia
natans, rivers of Leybar, Thiank, and Dakar-Bango, where they empty
into the sea. |
Coutiere' says that Hailstone uses the specific name “ megacheles”
on the figure, ‘ macrocheles” in the text.” Norman also? refers to
““‘Hippolyte megacheles Hailstone.”* In the copies of the eighth volume
of the Magazine of Natural History, to which I have access, the name
‘¢ megacheles” is not given. On page 395 the name “macrocheles” is
used, and there is no figure on that page. ‘ Macrocheles” is used
again on pages 549, 552, and 553. Figure 49, on page 553, has no name
beneath it, but in the list of engravings on page vii is given as
“¢ macrocheles.”
‘Ann. Sci. Nat. (8), IX, 1899, p. 10. 3 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), II, 1868, p. 175.
2Mag. Nat. Hist., VIII, 1885, p. 395. 4Mag. Nat. Hist., VIII, p. 395.
No. 1199. CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AFRICA—RATHBUN. 313
ALPHEUS PARACRINITUS Miers.
Alpheus paracrinitus Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 365, pl. xvt,
fig. 6.
Range.—Djibouti (Coutiére); West Africa.
West African localities.—Goree Bay, Senegal, 9 to 15 fathoms (Miers);
Praia das Conchas, St. Thomas Island (Osorio); Loanda (Osorio).
ALPHEUS TUBERCULOSUS Osorio.
Alpheus tuberculosus OSORIO, Jor. Sci. Lisboa (2), II, 1890, p. 201.
West African locality.—Iogo-logo, St. Thomas Island (Osorio).
ALPHEUS INTRINSECUS Bate.
Kee,
Alpheus intrinsecus BATE, Challenger Rept., Zool., XXIV, 1888, p. 557, pl. ©, fig. 1.
Range.—Off Bahia, Brazil, 7 to 20 fathoms (Bate); Iogo-Iogo, St.
Thomas Island, West Africa (Osorio).
Family HIPPOLYTID A.
Genus Hi PPOLYyiLE Leach:
HIPPOLYTE species (not described).
Hippolyte species Osorio, Jor. Sci. Lisboa (2), I, 1889, p. 137.
West African locality—Praia das Conchas, St. Thomas Island
(Osorio).
Family ATYID 5.
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN GENERA OF THE FAMILY ATYIDZ,
A. Carpal joint of second pair of feet distally excavated........---..-..----. Atya.
A’, Carpal joint of second pair of feet normal, not distally excavated ---.. Caridina.
Genus ATYA Leach.
ATYA SCABRA Leach.
Atys scaber LEACH, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, XI, 1815, p. 345.
Atya gabonensis GIEBEL, Zeitschr. f. d. gesammt. Naturwiss., Berlin (2), XII,
1875, p. 52.
Atya scabra and gabonensis ORTMANN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1894, pp.
409, 410.
Atya margaritacea var. claviger AURIVILLIUS, K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XXIV,
1898, p. [14], pl. m1, figs. 5-8.
Range.—Mexico; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Orinoco; West Indies;
West Africa, and islands.
West African localities.—St. Paul’s River, Mount Coffee (O. F. Cook,
collector); Beulah and Muhlenburg Mission (O. F. Cook, collector);
SB lAt PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX.
Etome, Kamerun, in brooks ‘Aurivillius); Rio Papagaio, Princes Is-
land (Osorio); St. Thomas Island (Greeff, Osorio); Rolas (Greeff);
Gabun (Giebel); Duque de Bragan¢a (Osorio), Known in Africa as
“¢Sutt-feelee” or ‘“‘ Bitter crayfish.”
Genus CARIDINA Milne-Edwards.
CARIDINA TOGOENSIS Hilgendorf.
Caridina togoensis HILGENDORF, SB. Ges. Naturf. Fr., Berlin, 1893, p. 156.
West African localities—Bismarckburg and A deli, Togoland (Hilgen-
dorf).
Family PALASMONID &.
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN GENERA OF THE FAMILY PALHZMONID.
A. Mandibles with a palpus. ;
B. Frontal margin of carapace with one tooth on each side; a second on the
hepatic region nearly in the same horizontal line.....-......-.---- Bithynis.
B’. Frontal margin of carapace with two antennal teeth, one above the other.
Palemon.
ING Wiehe atnnOUis & TORMOUR. s6h6 s6666n be5S56 Gand boon gdduud done G506 Palemonetes.
Genus PALAMON Fabricius.
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS PALAMON.
A. Rostrum with seven teeth above and three below....---...---.------ maculatus.
A’. Rostrum with eight teeth above and four or five below.
B. Fingers of second pair of feet much longer than palm; carpus much shorter
LINENa) WM a oes cogocuendaso sondcudoose ones sooapUesoo67 SoGGOSGa0C hastatus.
B’. Fingers of second pair of feet much shorter than palm; carpus longer than
MINOW) cagucd casos paaaue sobsao CUNa DODO aad maDSuS Sa5Cb0.COb0KE Ueooce edwardsit.
PALZMON EDWARDSII Heller.
Palemon longirostris MILNE-EDWARDS, Hist. Nat. Crust., II, 1837, p. 392; not P.
longirostris Say, nor P. longirostris Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., I, 1837,
p. 394,
Palemon edwardsii HELLER, Crust. siidl. Europa, 1863, p. 265.—Carus, Fauna
Medit., I, 1885, p. 473.
Leander edwardsii ORTMANN, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., V, 1891, p.515.
Range.—Bay of Biscay; Mediterranean; West Africa.
West African localities.—Monrovia and Mount Coffee, Liberia (O. F.
Cook and G. M. Collins, collectors). ‘The African specimens are appar-
ently the same species that exists in the Mediterranean and the Bay of
Biscay. I have, however, no specimens for comparison.
NO. 1199. CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AFRICA—RATHBUN, 315
PALAZEMON HASTATUS Aurivillius.
Palemon (Leander) hastatus AURIVILLIUS, K. Sv. Vet.—~Akad. Handi., XXIV, 1898,
p. 27, pl.iv, figs. 3-6.
West African locality.— Kamerun, in the sea at Beticka ba Mallale
(Aurivillius).
PALAMON MACULATUS (Thallwitz).
Leander maculatus THALLWItTZ, Abh. Ber. K. Zool. Mus. Dresden, 1890-91 (1891),
No. 3, p. 19.
Locality.—West Africa (Thallwitz).
Genus BLETAYGNIS Philippi:
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS BITHYNIS.
A. Large chelipeds with palm cylindrical or nearly so.
B. Rostrum with more than two teeth on lower margin.
C. Carpus of large chelipeds regularly cylindrical ........-...----. acanthurus.
C’. Carpus of large chelipeds thickened in the distal portion.
Jamaicensis vollenhovenii.
B’. Rostrum with one or two teeth on lower margin.....--------.-.----. paucidens.
A’, Largechelipeds with palmswollen and compressed, wider than the carpus. -olfersii.
BITHYNIS JAMAICENSIS VOLLENHOVENI!I (Herklois).
Palemon vollenhoventti HERKLOTS, Tijdschr. v. Entom., Nederl. Entomol. Vereen.,
I, 1858, p. 96. .
West African localities.—Mouth of Mesurado River, Monrovia (O. F.
Cook, collector); St. Paui’s River, Mount Coffee (O. F. Cook, collector);
Guinea (Herklots); Lagos (Ortmann); Fluss Meme, Kamerun (Auri-
villius); St. Thomas Island, in Rio Quija and Rio Gamoela, 200 meters
altitude (Osorio); Kongo coast (de Man); Upper Kongo (J. H. Camp,
collector); Kuanza River at Cunga(Benedict, as jamaicensis?); Benguela,
Catumbella, Biballa, (Osorio, as jamaicensis).
BITHYNIS ACANTHURUS (Wiegmann).
Palemon acanthurus WIEGMANN, Arch. f. Nat., II, Pt. 1, 1836, p. 150.
Palemon macrobrachion HERKLOTS, Addit. Faun. Afr. Occe., 1851, p. 15.
Palemon africanus KINGSLEY, Bull. Essex Inst., XIV, 1882, p. 107.
ftange.—Mouth of Rio Grande, Texas; Antilles; Escondido River,
Nicaragua; Brazil; Ecuador (von Martens); West Africa.
West African localities.—Sierra Leone (von Martens); near Boutry,
Guinea (Herklots); Kamerun (Aurivillius): Fluss Meme, Bibundi and
Ekundu; St. Helena (Bate). -
BITHYNIS PAUCIDENS (Hilgendorf).
Palemon (Eupalemon?) paucidens HILGENDORF, SB. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin,
1893, p. 155.
West African locality.—Adeli, near Bismarckburg, Togoland (Hil-
gendorf).
316 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
BITHYNIS OLFERSII (Wiegmann).
Palemon olfersii W1EGMANN, Arch. f. Nat., II, Pt. 1, 1836, p. 150.
Palemon spinimanus MILNE-EDWARDS, Hist. Nat. Crust., II, 1837, p. 399.
Range.—Auntilles; Brazil; Gulf of Dolce, Costa Rica; La Paz, Lower
California; Cape St. Lueas; West Africa.
West African localities—Etome, Kamerun, in streams (Aurivillius);
Rio Papagaio, Princes Island (Osorio); St. Thomas Island (Greeff,
Osorio); Rolas (Greeff).
Genus PALA MONETES Heller.
PALAZEMONETES TRISPINOSUS Aurivillius.
Palemonetes trispinosus AURIVILLIUS, K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XXIV, 1898,
p. 29, pl. 1v, figs. 1, 2.
West African locality.—Kitta, Kamerun, in a brook (Aurivillius).
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW BIRD OF THE GENUS
DENDRORNIS.
By CHARLES W. Ricumonp, M. D.,
Assistant Curator, Division of Birds.
The specimen here described was sent to the U. 8. National Museum
several years ago by Mr. Frank b. Armstrong, who collected it at
Alta Mira, Mexico. Over twenty skins of Dendrornis flavigaster,
obtained at the same place, were also received, but none of them shows
any approach to this apparently new species. It is in general similar
to D. flavigaster, but differs in having the throat and malar patch
streaked instead of uniform buff, these markings, as well as those of
the remainder of the underparts, being for the most part dentate, rather
than oblong; the under wing coverts are variegated, not uniform. That
these characters are not those of an immature stage of D. flavigaster is
shown by several young examples of the latter collected in Mexico by
Mr. EK. W. Nelson (Biological Survey collection), in which the pattern
of coloration is similar to that of the adults.
The new species may be described as
DENDRORNIS STRIATIGULARIS, new species.
Type.—Cat. No. 1385157, U.S.N.M.; female adult, Alta Mira, Tamau-
lipas, Mexico, November 18, 1894; Frank B. Armstrong, collector.
Top of head and nape dull black, each feather with a prominent
elongated buff shaft spot; lores buff; sides of head dusky, streaked
with buff; chin buff; rest of under parts, including under tail-coverts,
hair-brown, the feathers with long (mainly dentate) buff shaft-mark-
ings, bordered with dusky black, most numerous on the throat and
breast, and almost obsolete on the flanks and abdomen. Back bistre,
broadly streaked with buff, the markings edged with dusky black;
rump russet; upper tail-coverts burnt umber, the lateral feathers with
buffy shaft-lines. Tail burnt umber; wings burnt umber, paler on the
under surface, and terminal portion of inner webs of first five primaries
dusky. Lesser wing-coverts russet, with narrow paler shaft-lines;
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXII—No. 1200.
318 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
_ middle coverts bistre, with black-bordered buffy shaft-markings;
greater coverts exteriorly bistre, becoming burnt umber over the terti-
aries, with more or less concealed buffy shaft-lines, bordered on the —
outer webs with blackish; primary coverts bistre; edge of wing nar-
rowly marked with buff and black; under wing-coverts (exteriorly)
bistre, varied with buff and dusky black; inwardly russet.
Dimensions.— Wing, 4.15 inches; tail, 3.41 inches; tarsus, 0.90 inches;
culmen, 1.50 inches. :
DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW BIRDS FROM LOWER
SIAM.
By CHARLES W. RICHMOND, M. D.,
Assistant Curator, Division of Birds.
The birds here described as new were contained in a large collection
made by Dr. W. L. Abbott in the province of Trong, Lower Siam. The
collection, which was made during several trips to this locality, embraces
about 1300 skins, including many not before recorded from the region,
and some, like Mthopyga temminckii, Geocichla horsfieldi, and G.
interpres, not previously known from the mainland. A very fine speci-
men of the rare Thaumatibis gigantea is also contained in the collection,
which, with Dr. Abbott’s customary liberality, has been sent to the
U.S. National Museum.
ZETHOPYGA ANOMALA, new species.
Type.—Cat. No. 160366, U.S.N.M.; male adult, slopes of the Khaw
Song, Trong, Lower Siam, at about 2500 feet, March 2, 1897; Dr. W. L.
Abbott, collector.
This species is readily distinguished from 1. saturata, its nearest
ally, and does not require a full description. It differs from 1. saturata
in smaller size, deeper red on mantle; the dark red wash on sides ot
breast is more pronounced; the rump lacks the yellow band character-
istic of other species of the genus, and in this respect it is unique,
although in 4. saturata the yellow of the rump is considerably
restricted. In two males of Dr. Abbott’s series of fifteen skins there
is a slight edging of greenish olive on the rump of the same color as
the abdomen, very different, however, from the bright, clear yellow of
saturata and other members of the genus.
In the female of anomala the yellow rump band is, strange to say,
very prominent. Unfortunately, I have no females of saturat« for com-
parison, but those ef anomala are darker and less yellow beiow than
the figure of the female of satwrata in Shelley’s monograph.
The adult male measures: Wing, 2 inches; tail, 2.53 inches; culmen.
0.61 inch; tarsus, 0.57 inch.
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXII—No. 1201.
; 319
320 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL.
CRINIGER SORDIDUS, new species.
Type.—Cat. No. 169893, U.S.N.M.; male adult, Khow Sai Dow,
Trong, Lower Siam, 2500 feet, February 14, 1899; Dr. W. L. Abbott,
collector.
Upper surface of head bistre, somewhat darker on crest; lores, a
narrow orbital ring, and a small spot above and posterior to eye, pale
smoke gray; cheeks and ear-coverts brownish gray, the latter with
lighter shaft-streaks; throat pure white; breast and abdomen deep
yellowish buff, washed with smoke gray on the former; under tail-
coverts brownish buff, the feathers with paler tips; sides of body pale
olive; sides of neck, back, scupulars, rump, and wing-coverts, olive,
with a brownish wash on the latter, darkest on the primary coverts.
Upper tail-coverts, tail, and wings, deep bistre, lighter on the first —
named; inner webs of wing-feathers blackish brown, with a narrow
edging of pale wood-brown on under surface; under wing-coverts yel-
lowish buff. ‘ Length, 94 inches.”
Dimensions.—Wing, 4.30 inches; tail, 4 inches; tarsus, 0.83 inch;
culmen, from base, 0.82 inch. A series of nine skins, all of which differ
from C. gutturalis in their greater dimensions, proportionally longer crest
and tail; the crest is paler; the back, rump, and sides of chest have
less greenish olive; there is practically no yellow on the under parts
and under wing-coverts; the tips of rectrices and borders of inner webs
of same are not of a pale shade as in C. gutturalis. The nearest rela-
tive of CO. sordidus is probably C. ruficrissus Sharpe, of Borneo, but of
this form I have no specimens for comparison.
TURDINULUS GRANTI, new species.
Type.—Cat. No. 169874, U.S.N.M.; male adult, Khow Sai Dow,
Trong, Lower Siam, 1000 feet, February 11, 1899; Dr. W. L. Abbott,
collector.
General color above hair brown, becoming mummy-brown on the
rump and upper tail-coverts, the feathers of the forehead, crown, nape,
mantle, and back edged with blackish brown; feathers of the mantle
with whitish shaft streaks. Wings and tail chestnut, the wing-coverts
like the wing, but lesser coverts with pale shaft streaks; middle and
greater coverts, secondaries, and tertiaries with small, triangular, apical
white spots. Sides of head and neck, including lores, a superciliary
stripe extending to the nape, cheeks, and ear-coverts butfy white, each
feather tipped with brownish black; a spot before eye and a line behind
eye extending over the ear-coverts, brownish black. Chin, throat, and
upper abdomen white, becoming ochraceous buff on the lower abdo-
men; breast buff, the feathers with almost obsolete dusky edges, the
feathers on sides of breast with more prominent dusky brown borders.
Sides of body, thighs, flanks, and under tail-coverts, mummy-brown,
paler than on the rump; under wing-coverts, edge of wing, and axillars
No. 1201. NEW BIRDS FROM LOWER SIAM—RICHMOND. 321
buff, darker on the outer part of the coverts. “Iris dark brown; feet
fleshy brown; bill dark horny brown above, dull leaden beneath.”
Dimensions.— Wing, 2.10 inches; tail, 0.96 inch; tarsus, 0.88 inch;
culmen, 0.57 inch.
Five specimens from Trong appear to be similar to the Klang exam-
ple mentioned by Mr. Grant! and it is owing to his careful exposition
of the genus that I have been able to make a Satisfactory determina-
tion of the species. i
This species resembles 7. exsul (of which we have one specimen, from
Mount Poeh, Borneo), but differs in being smaller, mainly buffy white
below, a little deeper on the lower abdomen, with the breast buffy white,
the feathers with indistinct dusky edges; the feathers of sides of breast
with more prominent dusky borders, but without shaft-streaks; under
wing-coverts and edge of wing are buff, brownish on the outer edge of
the former. The sides of body, flanks, thighs, and under tail-coverts
are lighter than in T. ersul.
The young bird is somewhat similar to the adult, but is more fulvous
below; the black edges of feathers on head and back are hardly appar- -
ent, and the superciliary stripe and spots on wings are fulvous instead
of white.
'Tbis, 1896, p. 60.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 21
ed
v.
Sy
RY
ON THE GENERA OF THE CHALCID-FLIES BELONGING TO
THE SUBFAMILY ENCYRTIN 2.
By WiLLIAM H. ASHMEAD,
Assistant Curator, Division of Insects. —
Among the many thousands of minute Hymenopterous insects exist-
ing in the world and to which have been given the popular name
Chalcid flies, there is probably no single family that is of more interest
or of greater economic importance than the family Encyrtide.
The species in this family, like the vast majority of other Chalcid-flies,
live parasitically in the eggs, larvie, or pupe of other insects, and hardly
_asingle order of Hexapodous insects is wholly free from their attacks;
but in this family, and more especially in the subfamily Encyrtini, the
Species are of more than ordinary interest and importance, since so
many of them are found attacking and destroying the scale- and bark-
lice (Coccide and Aleyrodide) and the plant-lice (Aphidide and Psyl-
lide), containing some of the most destructive and troublesome pests
with which fruit-growers, agriculturists and florists have to contend.
The subfamilies Eupelmine, Encyrtine, and Signiphorine, the latter
based upon my genus Signiphora, established in 1880, as I have already
_ published elsewhere, constitute a distinct family in the subfamily Chal-
cidoidea, to which the family name Encyrtide should be applied.
The subfamily Eupelminz was subjected to a generic revision nearly
three years ago by the present author, and was published in the Pro-
ceedings of the Washington Entomological Society for 1898. He now
presents a similar work on the subfamily Eneyrtinze
The manuscript, as originally written, with the above title, was read
before the Washington Entomological Society, May 13, 1897. Since
that time, however, Dr. L. O. Howard ' has characterized a number of
new genera in the group, and the paper has been withheld from publi-
cation, in order to incorporate the new genera and to make certain
necessary changes in nomenclature. °
The family Encyrtidz is readily distinguished from all others in the
1Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1898, p. 231.
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXII—No. 1202.
: 323
324 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
Chaleidoidea by the large, non-impressed mesopleura, the large triangu-
lar mesepisternum, which does not extend to the front coxe, and by the large
saltatorial spur of the middle tibiw, which is most frequently long and
stout, or dilated at base, and usually armed with a double row of black
teeth or stiff bristles. No other family possesses this large saltatorial
middle tibial spur, and only a few species, in one or two of the other
families, possess the non-impressed mesopleura.
Family LX VII. ENCYRTID A!
The three subfamilies mentioned above, into which this family is
divided, may be separated upon tie following characters:
Mesonotum not entire, most frequently depressed or concave on disk, rarely convex,
the parapsidal furrows distinct, or at least more or less present; marginal vein
WISE VU AOE MEM ease eGing MADEN eS CoS adGce aaebocause. Subfamily I. EUPELMIN Zz.
Mesonotum entire, convex or subconvex, the parapsidal furrows always entirely
wanting.
Marginal vein rarely very long, often punctiform, and always very much shorter
than the subcostal vein; stigmal vein usually short but distinct, rarely very
long; scutellum normal, the axille never closely united to form a transverse
linear sclerite at base of scutellum; middle tibiz without lateral spurs.
Subfamily Il. ENcyrRTIN«.
Marginal vein long, as long or nearly as long as the subcostal vein; scutellum
abnormal, the axillce closely united without suture between, forming a trans-
verse linear sclerite at base of scutellum proper; middle tibice with lateral spurs,
the lateral apical spur lobed .......-----.--2.. Subfamily IIL. SIGNIPHORINA.
Subfamily Il FHNCY RTIN 4.
This subfamily, as here defined, is identical with Forster’s family
Encyrtoide or Mayr’s Encyrtiden, and is based upon Latreille’s genus
Encyrtus, established in 1809,
The genus was very imperfectly characterized by Latreille, who
indicated as types two species, namely, Chrysis ? infidus Rossi (Iliger)
and Mira macrocera Schellenberg. The latter is now manifestly not
applicable; since it itself is the type of a well-characterized genus.
Chrysis infidus Rossi, therefore, becomes the type of Latreille’s genus
Encyrtus.
Chrysis infidus Rossi was very imperfectly described and has long
remained unknown, but I have identified it as the Coccid parasite
known to us to-day under the name Comys scutellata Swederus. In the
original description nothing was said of the characteristic tuft of hairs
on the scutellum, and it has thus been overlooked by writers on these
insects.
In 1820, Dalman, a Swede, redescribed the genus Hncyrtus and de-
scribed many hew species. His diagnosis, however, was necessarily a
broad one, and in reality represented the family rather than the genus,
‘For characters of the other families see Classification of the old family Chal-
cidide by W. H. Ashmead, Proc. Wash. Ent. Soe., IV, 1898-99, pp. 242-249.
‘No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINE—ASHMEAD. Bae
and in it he included many species that are now relegated to many of
our more modern genera.
From the publication of Dalman’s paper down to the year 1856 several
new genera were erected by Dahlbom, Nees, Westwood, Haliday,
Walker, and hKatzeburg, either upon some of the Dalmanian species, or
upon new discoveries.
In 1856 a great advance was made in our knowledge of the group
by Dr. Arnold Forster, in his well known publication Hymenoptero-
logische Studien, Heft II, in which he for the first time properly defined
the group as a family under the name Encyrtoidex, brings together the
known genera in tabular form, and describes no less than twelve new
genera.
A year later, or in 1857, Dahlbom established four new genera, namely,
Ageniaspis, Huscapus, Lonchocerus, and Trimorphocerus. The second is
identical with Dinocarsis Forster, the third with Mira Schellenberg,
while the fourth and last seems to have been based upon a male Both-
riothorax.
The Russian General Motschulsky, in 1863, erected his genus Cal-
lipteroma' from Ceylon; while a few years later an Italian, Camillo
Rondani, described in the group three additional genera, wretchedly
characterized, namely, Tineophaga, 1868, Tineomyza, 1872, and Selitre-
chus, 1877. None of them, however, belong here, but all belong to the
family Eulophide. Tineophaga equals Hulophus Geoffroy; Tineomyza
is apparently identical with Tetrastichus Haliday; while Selitrechus, as
I have identified it, is a good genus in the subfamily Entedonine.
In 1876 the European genera and species of the Encyrtinze were sub-
jected to a thorough revision, by Dr. Gustav Mayr, of Vienna, Austria,
in a work entitled Die Europiiischen Encyrtiden, biologisch und sys-
tematisch bearbeitet.
In this most valuable contribution Dr, Mayr has shown that several
of the previously described genera were synonyms, being based prin-
cipally upon the opposite sex or upon apterous or subapterous forms of
other genera. Dr. Mayr in his work, however, established 8 new genera,
gave full descriptions of all the known genera and species, except
some of Walker’s, besides characterizing 25 species as new to science.
About the time of the appearance of Dr. Mayr’s excellent work on
the group, the well-known Swedish entomologist, Dr. C. G. Thomson,
was also engaged in a systematic study of the Encyrtine, and the result
of his labors appeared shortly afterwards.’
The title-page of this work antedates that of Dr. Mayr’s, and I was
at first inclined to give Thomson priority for certain genera which
prove to be synonymous with those of Dr. Mayr’s. _Since my paper
was read, however, Dr. L. O. Howard has most conclusively shown,
‘Von Dalla Torre records this in his Catalogus Hymenopterorum under the family
Braconid.
? Skandinaviens Hymenoptera, IV, pp. 112-183.
326 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
from a letter from Dr. Christopher Aurivillius, of the Stockholm
Museum, the incorrectness of this title-page, and proves without the
shadow of a doubt the priority in publication of Dr. Mayr’s work.
The group was called by Thomson a tribe—Encyrtina—and he divided
it into three sections, based principally upon mandibular characters,
besides giving an excellent table for distinguishing the genera. Hight
new genera and 26 new species were described. Three of these genera
are, however, Synonyms: Liocarus equals Prionomastix Mayr; Nob-
rimus equals Homalotylus Mayr; while Trechnites equals Metallon
Walker.
Thomson designates as the type of Encyrtus, E. scutellaris Dalman,
a species evidently synonymous with Hneyrtus (Chrysis) infidus Rossi.
The work of Thomson is unquestionably of great value, and he has
drawn attention to several important structural characters not pre-
viously or subsequently noticed. In my own work I have made use of
some of these characters, one of which—the shape and dentition of the
mandibles—although not easily seen, I consider of tribal value.
In 1888 Christopher Aurivillius discovered and described his genus ©
Arrhenophagus, a remarkable form in the group.
A year later, 1889, De Stefani, an Italian, established his genus
Hoplopsis, a genus still unknowa to me in nature, but which, judging
from the description, does not belong to this subfamily, but to the sub-
family Eupelmine, “‘ Thorax foveolatus” being a character found only
in the Eupelminze. ©
In the United States until within comparatively recent years very
little original work was done in the family.
The first American who described a species in the group was Thomas
Say, whose Serlion terminalis, described in 1828 and placed by Cresson
in the genus NScelio, in the family Proctotrypide, is an encyrtine
belonging to Mayr’s genus Homalotylus.
It has been since redescribed twice: Once by Dr. Shimer as Hutelus
scymne, and again by Dr. Howard as Homalotylus obscurus.
Since Say’s time, besides myself, the only one in this country who
has given special attention to these inseets is Dr. L. O. Howard, whose
valuable contributions toward elucidating the habits, genera, and spe-
cies of this difficult group, found in America, are known to all working
entomologists. He has characterized many new genera and many new
species—many beautifully figared—and it is through his kindness and
liberality in placing at my disposal all his material in the group that I
am able to incorporate all of these genera in my tables.
I desire here also to express my thanks and obligations to the well-
known hymenopterologist, Dr. Gustay Mayr, of Vienna, Austria, the
leading HKuropean authority on the group, for sending me during our
correspondence, extending over an interval of nearly twenty years,
Specimens of most of the European genera.
With these preliminary remarks I shall now proceed tbh the classi-
fication of the eel
" No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINZ—ASHMEAD. + 327
CLASSIFICATION.
The subfamily Encyrtine, for convenience and the ready recognition
of the genera, if upon no other grounds, may be divided into four tribes,
as follows:
TABLE OF TRIBES.
Mandnblessedentater acute abape Xeni selene seu eeismcle asin sieeciace = ses nese selene 4
Mandibles bi- or tri-dentate, or broadly truncate at apex, never acute; tarsi always
HONG S 56 bocacs GoSeS0uedG bond Ho Sc oSobon cassos Doedad pdadccccsusssece 2
2. Mandibles stout, 3-dentate at apex, although the teeth are sometimes very
minute, the labrum usually conspicuous...--.......-.------.---..------- 3
Mandibles not stout, or only moderately so, rather Jong and always bi-dentate
at apex, the labrum free; abdomen in female with the hypopygium large,
lanceolate or plowshare shaped, inclosing the ovipositor and extending
beyond the anus; second abdominal segment most frequently large; anten-
nee usually inserted just above the clypeus, rarely just below the middle
Olf IN 1NCOsboads Gacsco suosed Geog ssuascoe Coon eoan Elser Tribe I. ECTROMINI.
Mandibles stout, but short and polished, the apex broadly truncate, unarmed
or nearly so; labrum conspicuous; abdomen with the hypopygium less evi-
dently prominent, not projecting; body usually stout, not metallic; anten-
ne inserted below the middle of the face; hind tibize with two spurs......
Tribe Il. ENCYRTINI.
3. Hypopygium not prominent; hind tibiz with only one spur; body most fre-
quently, but not always, metallic; antenne variable..... Tribe III. Mrrint.
4. Tarsi 4- or 5-jointed; marginal vein punctiform or subobsolete .-..........-.-.--
Tribe TV. ARRHENOPHAGINI.
Tribe 1. ECTROMINI.
The species falling in this tribe are, as a rule, more elongate and
narrower, the marginal vein proportionately longer, the stigmal vein
shorter, while the mandibles are longer, narrower, and always bidentate
atapex. This last character, together with the prominent hypopygium,
in the female, may always be depended upon to distinguish a species
falling in this group.
The genera may be recognized by the use of the following table:
TABLE OF GENERA.
WIG is aS Sees Ses I RN a ee Ee i a aS ren Wa 12
Females:
Face with a distinct carina between the basés of antennxz ....-.-.--..---..---- 8
Face without such a carina, rarely with a rounded ridge.
Antenne inserted just above the clypeus or below the middle of the face.
Speciesinyjine lessor subbapterouse.. see. emcee eases scone ee =e 6
SPSclesmwpinige diene ne eee Men NeCN SE wars d aloe co eaie 2s eae te 2
2. Front wings with the marginal vein rather long, at least twice as long as the
stigmal vein or even longer, the stigmal and postmarginal
veins short; scape slender, cylindrical.
Wings fuscous, marked with white bands or.rays; frons broad, the lat-
eral ocelli nearer to the eye margin than to the front
Oce ls ae enya eee eer ae aire oie (1) Calocerinus Howard.
Wings hyaline; frons not so broad, the lateral ocelli not nearer to the
eye margin than to the front ocellus.
(2) Tetralophidea Ashmead, new genus.
328 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
Front wings with the marginal vein short, the postmarginal vein very short. 5 -
Front wings with the marginal vein long, linear, longer than the stigmal
vein, the stigmal and postmarginal veins not short, or very
rarely short, the postmarginal most frequently longer than
the stigmal. :
Funicle 6-jointed without ring-joints .......-...---.----.-.----- voto caer 3
Funicle 4-jointed with two ring-joints.
Frons minutely shagreened, with minute punctures scattered over
the surface; scape slender, cylindrical, the flagellum at the
most subclavate; stigmal vein very oblique, subelavate.
(3) Meromyzobia Ashmead, new genus.
3. Stigmal and postmarginal veins not short, usually long, the latter the longer,
sometimes as long as the marginal; front wings without a
discoidal blotch ys 22 es a aes ya a ie Re ie Nea ee 4
Stigmal and postmarginal veins short, the latter sometimes hardly developed;
front wings with a discoidal blotch.
Frons very minutely shagreened, with minute punctures scattered over
the surface, or almost smooth.
Head viewed from in front longer than wide; scutellum with a tuft
of long hairs; abdomen scarcely longer than the head and
thorax united, the ovipositor not or scarcely exserted;
flagellum gradually broadened toward apex, compressed,
the pedicel hardly as long as the first joint of funicle; the
joints after the third broader than long.
(4) Chrysopophagus Ashmead.
Head viewed from in front not longer than wide, if anything a little
wider than long; scutellum without a tuft of long hairs; abdo-
men distinctly longer than the head and thorax united, with
a prominent ovipositor which is longer than half the length
of the abdomen; flagellum subclavate, not compressed, the
funicle joints longer than thick.
(5) Tineophoctonus Ashmead, new genus.
4, Frons minutely shagreened, with minute punctures scattered over the surface;
scape not compressedly dilated beneath, cylindrical or sub-
cylindrical.
Antenne not longer than the body, usually somewhat shorter, the first
joint of the flagellum rarely more than twice as long as thick;
stigmal vein not curved; axilla just meet at inner basal
WOOO sae era ae on Oe Se Re ral arses (6) Lricydnus Walker.
Antenne longer than the body, the first joint of the flagellum about five
times as long as thick; stigmal vein gently curved; axillie
unite and form a slight ridge at base of scutellum.
(7) Leptomastix Forster.
Frons regularly punctate; scape beneath broad, compressedly dilated, the fla-
gellum long, filiform, cylindrical; scutellum triangular, acute
at apex, the axille somewhat widely separated.
(8) Dinocarsis Forster.
Frons not regularly punctate, broad and smooth, margaritaceously shining, or
at the most feebly shagreened; scape long, slender, the fla-
gellum long, subcylindrical, feebly compressed, the first joint
the longest, somewhat more than twice as long as thick;
scutellum with two deep fovee at base.
(9) Ectroma Westwood.
5. Frons finely shagreened or alutaceous, subopaque; lateral ocelli close to the
eye margin; scape usually broadly compressedly dilated be-
neath, the flagellum slender, cylindrical; axille not quite meet-
No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINA—ASHMEAD. 329
ing at inner basal angles; front wings with a hairless line
extending obliquely inward from the stigmal vein.
: (10) Anagyrus Howard.
Frons narrow, almost smooth; lateral ocelli close to the eye margin; scape
broadly dilated beneath, the flagellum compressed, fusiform,
as seen from the side; axillee meeting at inner basal angle.
(11) Anusia Forster,
6. Frons smooth, margaritaceously shining, or at the most microscopically sha-
ANNALS CoS soa SSeS SAS SU SO eee us GOO Sia eee ae aiente etna r
Frons regularly punctate or coriaceous or shagreened with distinct scattered
punctures over the surface.
Scutellum subtriangular, rounded, not acute at apex; scape slender, cylin-
drical, or at most subclavate.
Flagellum filiform or subclavate, not compressed; axilla touching each
other at base of scutellum. 5
Funicle 4-jointed, with 2 minute ring-joints; ocelli normal, the
lateral close to the eye margin but not touching it.
(3) Meromyzobia Ashmead.
Funicle 6-jointed, with no ring-joints; ocelli very minute, the
lateral lying close to the eye margin.......Hricydnus Walker.
Flagellum compressed; axille separated not touching each other at base
of scutellum ; lateral ocelli not close to eye margin; ovipositor
exserted, the hypopvgium very prominent lanceolate.
(12) Henicopygus Ashmead, new genus.
Seutellum triangular, acute at apex; scape dilated and compressed beneath.
: (8) Dinocarsis Forster.
7. Scutellum subtriangular; head transverse.
Scutellum with two fovee at base; scape and flagellum not at all compressed,
Cylindricale ese (9) Ectroma Westwood = Sphenolepis Nees.
Seutellum without fovex at base; scape broadly dilated beneath, the flagel-
lum compressed, fusiform......--........ (11) Anusia Forster.
Scutellum lunate; head seen from above subquadrate, wider than the thorax,
the lateral ocelli rather close to the eye margin; thorax with
a silvery pubescence ........-......-.-.(13) Beocharis Mayr.
SE MONS EMO LMM O AO eerers eaeteiats <a ay sibel Nu Alan Che en sree eae espa ee el ns 9
Frons broad, sublenticular, the occipital margin acute.
Front wings with the postmargina] and stigmal veins rather long, equal,
not or scarcely shorter than the marginal; clypeus excised at
apex; antenne long, filiform, somewhat distant at base, the
pedicel shorter than the first joint of funicle.
(14) Stenoterys Thomson.
Front wings with the marginal and postmarginal veins very short, the
latter scarcely developed, the marginal vein nearly puncti-
form; clypeus normal; antenne long, cylindrical, subclavate,
the scape slender, the pedicel twice as long as the first joint
Ofshtuni Clee snes eee et ae eee (15) Tetracnemoidea Howard.
9. Axille widely separated at inner basal angle; postmarginal vein not developed.
Eyes rounded; antenne inserted far anteriorly below an imaginary line
drawn from the base of the eyes .(16) Tetracnemus Westwood.
Axille united at inner basal angle, or at least touching each other.
TSAYOS DENI A caGns Sancunoeee SOON acc. cco Ae eies Sieie ees a A set se ete ree cee a ee 10
Eyes pubescent.
Marginal vein a little shorter than the stigmal, the postmarginal vein
at least as long as the stigmal; flagellum clavate, the funicle
joints short, wider than long..---.. (17) Habrolepoidea Howard.
330h om PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII
10. Wings fuscous, with white rays or bamds -.---.----2 2-22 2-8 eee nee 11
Wings hyaline. ,
Marginal vein about three times as long as the stigmal, the postmarginal not
longer than the shaft of the stigmal, the latter short, perpen-
dicular; axilJee just meet at inner basal angle; pronotum very
short, scarcely visible from above; mesonotum scaly punctate
or reticulate.
(18) Tetralophiellus Ashmead new genus (Type T. brevicollis
Ashmead).
Marginal vein only a little longer than the stigmal, the postmarginal vein very
short, hardly developed; axille meeting at inner basal angle;
pronotum not short, conical; mesonotum smooth; antenneze
not short, subclavate.............-.. (19) Tetracladia Howard
Marginal vein fully twice as long as thick, or about half the length of the
: stigmal, the postmarginal only slightly developed; antennze
clavate, the club ovate, 3-jointed, much stouter than the funi-
cle, the scape more than twice as long as thick at apex; funicle
joints one-fourth longer than thick; pronotum very short,
transverse linear; mesonotum microscopically reticulate;
hypopygium very prominent, plowshare shaped.
(20) Tetracnemopsis Ashmead, new genus (Type 7. westwoodit
Cockerell),
Marginal vein punctiform, not longer than thick, the postmarginal vein not
ceveloped; antenne subclavate, the pedicel hardly longer
than thick at apex, but longer than the first joint of funicle;
funicle joints submoniliform; pronotum very short; mesono-
tum shagreened or scaly punctate. .(21) Pentacnemus Howard.
11. Marginal vein about twice as long as thick, not longer than the stigmal, the
postmarginal vein hardly solong; axille not quite meeting at
inner basal angles; antennw subclavate, inserted close to the
mouth, the scape long, slender, only slightly thickened toward
apex; funicle joints 1-2 subequal, scarcely longer than
thick, the following gradually increasing in thickness; eyes
very large; frons narrow; mesonotum smooth, metallic, a
little shorter than the scutellum, the latter opaque, sha-
greened; abdomen ovate, shorter than the thorax, depressed.
(22) Habrolepopteryx Ashmead, new genus (Type Psilophrys
pulchripennis Ashmead).
12. Males.
HMpistoma-carimateis: ) ee iss SSeS se ete eee ahs ore ee Pea esbrl
Epistoma not carinate.
Antenne simple without branches, the scape and tlagellum sometimes
dilatedkorscompresse dees ass. eae eee eee eee aee 13
Antenne ramose, with 4 branches.
Marginal vein rather long, the stigmal and postmarginal veins
short.
Wings with fuscous rays; lateral] ocelli nearer to the eye margin
than to the front ocellus; axillee meeting at base of scutellum.
(1) Calocerinus Howard.
Wings hyaline; lateral ocelli not nearer to the eye margin than
to the front ocellus; axille not quite meeting at base of the
scutelluimee sees (2) Tetralophidea Ashmead, new genus.
13; Wingless orsubapterous=forms).s5 oi seeee nee eae heen ee eer nee eee 16
Winged.
Front wings with the marginal vein usually shorter, the stigmal and post-
marginal veins short, or the stigmal vein is longer than the
short marginal and postmarginal veins united..-.......-.. 15
x0.102. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINE—ASHMEAD. 331
Front wings with the marginal vein long or somewhat long, the stigmal and
Hostmarcinalvems noOSWOM sss ee eee 2 so ee 14
Front wings with the marginal vein linear, longer than the stigmal, the
postmarginal vein rather short, hardly so long as the stigmal
or clearly shorter, the stigmal vein bent so as to be nearly
parallel with it.
Frons and scutellum finely coriaceous, the thorax metallic or subme-
tallic, with silvery hairs; tlagellum filiform, the joints sub-
equal, at least three times as long as thick, with long, sparse
I gE pe eae ea eae aa (4) Chrysopophagus Ashmead.
14. Frons minutely shagreened, with some minute punctures scattered over the
surface.
Antcnne 9-pointed, with a 4-jointed funicle.
(3) Meromyzobia Ashmead, new genus
Antenne 11-jointed, with a 6-jointed funicle.
Antenne not longer than the body, the flagellum with the joints
closely united and clothed with a short, dense pubescence.
(6) Hricydnus Walker.
Antenne much longer than the body, the flagellum with subpe-
dunculated joints and each joint furnished with two whorls of
lonpshairsestes san seers sees se ee (7) Leptomastix Forster.
Frons broad, smooth, margaritaceously shining, impunctate.
Antenne long, filiform, 9-jointed, feebly compressed.
(9) Ectroma Westwood.
15. Marginal vein rather short and stout, the stigmal and postmarginal veins very
3 short. ie
- Scape usually broadly dilated below, the flagellum slender, cylindrical.
(10) Anagyrus Howard.
Marginal vein normal, not stout.
Stigmal vein long; scape long, dilated and compressed beneatn, the flagel-
lum filiform, clethed with a short dense pile; scutellum trian-
_ gular, acute at apex; body shagreened.
(8) Dinocarsis Forster=LHuscapus Dahlbom.
Stigmal vein short; scape broadly compressedly dilated beneath, the flagel-
lum compressed, fusiform, broadest toward the middle, and
gradually tapering off toward apex. -...-.(11) Anusia Forster.
16. Scutellum triangular or subtriangular, never lunate.
Scutellum triangular, acute at tip.....--- Le nie ees (8) Dinocarsis Forster.
Scutellum subtriangular, rounded off at tip, not acute.
Froas shagreened or feebly punctate; scape and flagellum normal, the
latter clothed with a short dense pile. .(6) Hricydnus Walker.
Frons smooth, shining, somewhat iridescent.
Scutellum with two fovee at base; scape and fiagellum not at all
compressed ey lindricala 52222 ses. (9) Ectroma Westwood.
Scutellum without fovee at base; scape broadly dilated beneath, the
flagellum compressed, fusiform.......---. (11) Anusia Forster.
Scutellum lunate.
Frons convex, finely coriaceous; scape rather short, clavate, the pedicel
twice as long as thick at tip, longer than the first funicle
ICON AT las Soe eaten a RS ULC ee (18) Baeocharis Mayr.
17. Frons broad.
Axille united at inner basal angles.
Antenne long, fusiform, without branches inserted rather high up on the
face, the flagellum clothed with sparse black pile.
(14) Stenoterys Thomson.
Antenne with four branches, a branch on flagellar joints 1-4.
(15) Tetracnemoidea Howard.
De PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
Frons not broad. a
Axillee widely separated; antennz with four branches.
(16) Tetracnemus Westwood.
Axille united or touching each other at their inner basal angles; antenne
simple, or ramose.
JDHVGIS) WENKSeAS onbEdo Sako ooo ESoKcoUceuco Dbbo boScon cScoE5 SoSe0N Cosson 18
Eyes pubescent.
Marginal vein a little shorter than the stigmal, the postmarginal
at least as long as' the stigmal; flagellum hairy without
TAN CHESS He eee eee ee eee (17) Habrolepoidea Howard.
18. Antenne with four long branches.
Marginal vein about three times as long as the stigmal, the postmarginal
very short; pronotum short, scarcely visible from above.
(18) Tetralophiellus Ashmead, new genus.
Marginal vein only a little longer than the stigmal, the postmarginal very
short; pronotum noé short, conical, at least the length of the
mesonotum, or a little longer ....... (19) Tetracladia Howard.
Marginal vein only twice as long as thick, about half the length of the
stigmal, the postmarginal hardly developed; pronotum very
short, transverse linear.
(20) Tetracnemopsis Ashmead, new genus.
Antenne with five long branches.
Marginal vein punctiform, not half the length of the stigmal, the postmar-
SAMA AEN ENDS Sky boc5 onosKc (21) Pentacnemus Howard.
ADs Mey. JAINKOSCIRCIEIUIN IL.
- The species belonging in this tribe are broad and robust, with broad,
stout mandibles which are broadly truncate at apex and edentate or very
nearly; the labrum is conspicuous; the antenne similar in both sexes,
the marginal vein in the front wings short, the stigmal and postmar-
ginal veins usually long; in the hind wings the marginal cell is long,
broad, and distinet, while the hind tibiz have two apical spurs.
Only three genera are known, separated as follows:
TABLE OF GENERA.
Metathorax with the lateral ridge, or at least the metapleura, clothed with a
silvery white pubescence; spurs of the hind tibiz unequal, the outer one
beime very Smalbs foe Pee ee RNG Ne he (Ey ae ela ee een 4
Metathorax with the lateral ridge bare; spurs of the hind tibiw nearly equal.
Frons broad, with sparse, thimble-like punctures, thicker toward the scrohes;
front wings with the stigmal and postmarginal veins long, nearly equal
in length and three or more times longer than the marginal; apical half
or more of the wings usually infumated.
Scutellum with a bunch of hairs at apex above; first joint of flagellum
scarcely so long as the second.
(23) Eneyrtus Latreille = Comys Férster— Eucomys Forster.
(Type Chrysis infidus Rossi Comys scutellata Swederus. )
Scutellum without a bunch of hairs at apex above; first joint of flagellum a
little longer than the second.
(24) Howardiella Dalla Torre = Howardia Dalla Torre.
NO. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTIN.E—ASHMEAD. Bae
2. Frons not broad, almost smooth, opaque, or minutely shagreened, at the most
with a few minute punctures scattered over the surface; front wings with
the stigmal and postmarginal veins unequal, the latter only partially
developed, the marginal vein very short, hardly developed; front wings
hyaline, but with a discoidal cloud.
(25) Prionomastix Mayr= Liocarus Thomson.
(Type Encyrtus morio Daliman. )
Wiewoe JOU, = IMOUEMUN Ie
To this tribe belong the vast majority of the known Eneyrtine. Itis
distinguished from the other tribes principally by the mandibles, which
are somewhat differently shaped, and always tridentate at apex. In
most of the genera these have three small equal, or very nearly equal,
teeth, while in others the outer tooth is the longest and most acute.
One or two genera, however, have the two outer teeth longer than the
inner. The marginal cell in the hind wings is usually long and narrow,
nearly obsolete, but never very broad, as in the Encyrtini; while the
hind tibie have only one apical spur.
It may be well here to call attention to two tribes founded provision-
ally, in 1892 and 1895, by Dr. L. O. Howard, since all of one and part
of the other belong here, namely, the Tetracnemini,' and the Bothrio-
thoracini,? which Dr. von Dalla Torre, in the fifth volume of his Cata-
logus, has elevated to subfamily rank.
The first is an unnatural assemblage of genera, as Dr. Howard has
already pointed out, based upon the fact that certain genera have been
discovered having ramoseantenne in the males, which in itself, although
interesting, is of no tribal significance, since there is scarcely a family
in the Order Hymenoptera, from the most specialized to the more gen-
eralized, that does not possess one or more genera with this character-
istic feature.
The second, or the tribe Bothriothoracini, too, seems to have scarcely
any more reason for its existence, being based principally upon the
thimble-like punctuation possessed by certain genera, all the other
characters mentioned by Dr. Howard, in his diagnosis of the tribe,
being common to many other genera. The thimble-like punctuation of
certain genera, as well as other styles of punctuation, is a valuable
diagnostic character, but of no other value, since I find all intermediate
grades, from the strong, thimble-like punctuation possessed by Both-
riothorax, of varying shades and degrees, down to a perfectly smooth
impunctate surface. I consider, therefore, that both tribes are unnat-
ural and not tenable.
The genera of this tribe are exceedingly numerous, about 59 having
_been recognized. It is believed, however, that all can be easily dis-
tinguished by the use of the following table.
1Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 361. 2Tdem., XVII, 1895, p. 605,
334 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOu.XXtL |
TABLE OF GENERA.
Females.
Mandibles shorter, with less acute, equal or nearly equal teeth; labrum not con-
spicuous; frons frequently, but not always, with a series
z of large, thimble-like punctures; wings frequently ornate
or dusky, although often hyaline; scrobes usually semi-
eireular oe se Sena eee Oa en ee Se ie ee ee 5
Mandibles rather long, with acute teeth, the apical tooth usually the longest
Z and more acute than the two inner (rarely with the two
outer longer than the inner); labrum conspicuous; frons
very closely punctate or finely coriaceous, the thimble-
like punctures absent, or the punctures smaller and
sparsely scattered over the surface; wings not ornate, and
usually with a very short or punctiform marginal vein,
the hind wings usually with a long costal cell extending
to the hooklets; abdomen usually more or less compressed
toward apex, the ventral valve extending as far as the
anus but not plowshare shaped; head as viewed from in
front usually somewhat long, often much longer than
wide, or subtriangular, the scrobes forming a triangle.
Marginal vein distinct, at least twice as long as thick, but usually longer, the
postmarginal vein longer than the stigmal......... .. 4
Marginal vein punctiform, not or scarcely longer than thick (very rarely
twice as long as thick), the postmarginal vein not at all
or only slightly developed, rarely as long as the stigmal;
the stigmal vein comparatively long, always more than
twice as long as the marginal, or much longer; body
metallic onlustrous| seca aqeee eee eee eae eee 2
. Head, viewed froin in front, not longer than wide, the cheeks, or malar Bpace,
notrespecialliyslon gee tee ss aos e ee eee 3
Head, viewed from in front, long, subtriangular, much longer than wide, the
cheeks or malar space long.
Front wings not ciliate; antennz very long and slender, the flagellar joints
all very long and cylindrical, the sixth being at least four
times as long as thick, the preceding still longer.
(26) Psilophrys Mayr.
‘Front wings ciliate.
Pedicel fully three times or more longer than thick at apex.
Antenne like Psilophrys, very long and slender, the scape very long,
slender; cheeks not quite the length of the eyes; oviposi-
OW Nib NOME; Se coos Soke Saa'e (27) Parapsilophrys Howard.
Flagellum long and slender, fully or about twice as long as the
scape, the funicle joints all long and cylindrical, the club
not or hardly thicker than the last joint of the funicle.
(28) Liothorax Mayr.
Flagellum searcely one and a half times as long as the scape, the
funicle joints gradually decreasing in length, but all not
or very little longer than thick, usually transverse; head
and mesonotum finely closely punctate or shagreened;
frons not especially broad, club much thickened, Suligeels
truncate from beneath; eyes bare.
(29) Litomastix Thomson.
Flagellum not long, not much longer than the scape, the funicle
joints, except the first, not longer than thick, the club
No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINE—ASHMEAD. 335
distinctly thickened, broader than the funicle; frons
broad; eyes faintly hairy. .......(30) Berecyntus Howard.
Pedicel not three ne as long as thick; cheeks the length of eyes or
nearly; antenne rather lone! the funicle joints rarely
more than twice as long as thick, gradually thickening
apically, the sixth joint, however, never much longer
than wide, sometimes wider than long.
(381) Copidosoma Ratzeburg.
3. Cheeks more than half the length of the eyes; pedicel scarcely twice as long as
thick, the flagellum not long, the joints of the funicle all
small except the first, not longer than wide, submonilie
form, gradually increasing in size.
(32) Prionomitus Mayr.
Cheeks very short, almost obsolete; pedicel three times as long as thick, the
flagellum very short, clavate, the joints of the funicle
annular, wider than long, the club greatly enlarged,
longer than the funicle; mesonotum short, twice as wide
as long, the pronotum not visible from above; frous very
narrow, the lateral ocelli close to eye margin, the cyes
large, rounded, pubescent. ......-. (33) Archinus Howard.
4, Mesonotum smooth, impunctate, blue or metallic; pedicel about thrice as long
as thick, the flagellum long, the joints of funicle much
longer than thick, the club somewhat stouter than the
funicle; eyes pubescent; scutellum, but not the aviile,
shagreened........ (34) Parencyrtus Ashmead, new genus.
Mesonotum feebly sparsely punctate, metallic blue-green; pedicel not twice as
long as thick, the flagellum long and slender, joints 4-5
twice longer than thick, cylindrical, the club 3-jointed,
not thicker than the funicle; eyes large, glabrous; scu-
tellum as well as the axille sculptured.
(53) Cerchysius Westwood (part).
5. Abdomen with the dorsum flat or concave, not rigidly pubescent........---- 6
Abdomen globose or subovate, much shorter than the thorax, compressed,
clothed with a rigid white pubescence, the second seg-
ment usually large, smooth medially: species sometimes
apterous.
Pronotum large, conical, longer than the mesovotum; antennie with the
scape and flagellum strongly compressed, broad, leaf-like;
abdomen globose.
(35) Mira Schellenberg—Encyrtus Latreille (part)—Lon-
chocerus Dahlbom= Euryscapus Forster= Dicellocerus
Mengel.
Pronotum not large; antenne simple, the flagellum usually long, subclavate,
not broad, compressed.
Head above rounded, seen from in front much longer than wide; frons
narrow; scape long and slender; scutellum not longer than
the mesonotum, coriaceous; abdomen ovate, as long as the
thorax:.---.22-2252..---. .--. (36) Spheropisthus Thomson.
Head, seen from in front, not longer than wide; frons broad, antenne not
long, inserted on a line with the base of the eyes, the
flagellum subclavate, the funicle joints, or at least 3-6,
wider than long; scutellum large, longer than the meso-
notum; front wings in female with a substigmal cloud;
postmarginal and stigmal veins long, the latter ane
parallel with costal margin; abdomen shorter than the
thorax, compressed.
(37) Chestomorpha Ashmead, new genus.
336 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. |
3 t
6. Head not or less distinctly lenticular, smooth, shagreened or finely closely |
punctate, rarely with a few large punctures scattered over
the surface; if with large, coarse, thimble-like punctures, __
the antennz are inserted on the middle of the face.
Head always distinctly lenticular, the scrobes short, the punctures frequently __
large, thimble-like; hind wings with the costal cell usually
extending to the hooklets.
Marginal vein at least twice as long as thick, usually much longer; mesono-
tam smooth, impunctate, or finely rugulose_.--....--. 10
Marginal very short, or wanting, punctiform, not or scarcely longer than
thick; mesonotum punctate.
Mesonotum with the punctuation unlike that of the head, the punctures
less dense and the surface coriaceous -...-.---.-.------ 8
Mesonotum with the punctuation similar to that of the head.._..._.. i
7. Scape strongly dilated beneath or with a leaf-like expansion, the club much
enlarged, as long or longer than the funicle.
(38) Afnasius Walker.
Scape not dilated, normal, never with a leaf-like expansion, at most clavate.
Punctures on head and thorax coarse and dense.
Mesonotum very short, only half the length of the scutellum; club of
antenne as long.as all the funicle joints united; postmar-
ginal vein as long as the stigmal. - (39) Chalcaspis Howard.
Mesonotum at least as long as the scutellum; club of antennz shorter
than the funicle; postmarginal vein much shorter than
Glveysitalomal eee eee ae (40) Bothriothorax Ratzeburg.
Punctures on head and thorax smaller and less dense; mesonotum a little
longer than the scutellum; funicle joints longer than
(UDG ey ES aie cee ram er rece ia (41) Aratus Howard.
8. Vertex very narrow or not very broad, sparsely or very feebly punctate, never
closely punctate: 5.225225 oss 2s eee eee 9
Vertex broad, with a distinct thimble-like punctuation.
Club of antenne shorter than the funicle; postmarginal and stigmal veins
short ysulbequialys ses teeeeeersees (42) Pentelicus Howard.
Club of antenne very large, longer than the funicle and pedicel united;
postmarginal and stigmal veins very long, the latter the
SHOE tere aN eNO eae yee lee (43) Blepyrus Howard.
9. Vertex not very narrow, very sparsely and feebly punctate; eyes not especially
large, nor nearly occupying the whole sides of the head;
scropes rather deep; scape slightly dilated beneath toward
apex, the flagellum subclavate ringed with white, the
club scarcely thicker than the funicle; ocelli in an obtuse
triangle, the lateral farther apart than to middle or front
ocellus; wings hyaline, subfuliginous toward base, the mar-
ginal vein punctiform, the stigmal longer than the short
postmarginal and marginal united.
(44) Hemenasius Ashmead, new genus.
Vertex and face very narrow, feebly punctate; eyes very large, occupying nearly
the whole sides of the head and almost meeting on vertex ;
front ocellus placed far in advance of the lateral ocelli, the
latter close upon the eye margin; flagellum short, clavate,
the pedicel large, obconic; first joint of funicle as well as
the following transverse; wings with a large discal cloud
beneath stigmal and marginal veins, the postmarginal and
stigmal veins very long ..-.--.-. (45) Euryrhopalus Howard.
bass.
No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINA—ASHMEAD. Jot
10. Marginal vein rather long, rarely shorter than the stigmal..........-....__. 11
Marginal vein short, rarely much more than twice longer than thick.
Head with some sparse thimble-like or umbilicate punctures; scutellum a
little longer than the mesonotum; eyes pubescent.
Club of antenne not longer than joints 1 and 2 of funicle united, the
funicle joints all longer than wide; marginal vein scarcely
so long as the stigmal, the postmarginal longer than the
stigmal; abdomen conic-ovate, a little longer than the
head and thorax united, with the ovipositor subexserted,
dorsum subconcave; mandibles with the two outer teeth
longer and more acute than the inner.
(46) Hemencyrtus Ashmead, new genus.
Club of antennex very large and distinctly longer than the funicle, the
funicle joints all very short, wider than long; abdomen
depressed, oval, shorter than the thorax; mandibles with
small, subequal teeth.
(47) Coccophoctonus Ashmead, new genus.
11. Wings embrowned, the costal cell in hind wings narrow and short; mesonotum
scarcely as long as the scutellum, finely shagreened, with
sparse punctures; eyes large, bare; flagellum ringed with
white; pedicel obconical, only a little longer than thick,
the following joints gradually shortening, the last three
s funiclar joints being not longer than wide.
(48) Phenodiscus Forster.
Wings hyaline, the costal cell in hind wings long and narrow; mesonotum
much shorter than the scutellum, finely transversely regu-
lose or shagreened, especially anteriorly; eyes pubescent;
flagellum subclavate, not ringed with white; pedicel very
long, three times as long as thick, the funiclar joints,
except the first, wider than long.
(49) Khytidothorax Ashmead, new genus.
12. Antenne inserted near the mouth border or very far below the middle of the
BIOS ey ea esc Oy SS re ee ea a et 13
Antenne inserted on or a little above the middle of the face.
Frons convex, somewhat coarsely and closely punctured; scape not extend-
ing beyondocelli; mesothorax rather coarsely shagreened ;
front wings with the marginal, stigmal, and postmarginal
veins long, subequal..-.-.-.... - (50) Tanaoneura Howard.
Frons highly conyex but smooth; scape very long, extending far beyond
the ocelli; mesonotum smooth, polished; front wings
fasciate or maculate, the marginal vein short, the post-
marginal and stigmal veins much longer.
(51) Hexacladia Ashmead.
ieeAntenn ce with the fumicley 34 oro) joumbediss seca ie see oscil cee eee oe 29
Antenne with the funicle 6-jointed.
Metathorax bare or with the lateral ridges superiorly alone pilose..---. 16
Metathorax with the pleura and the lateral ridges always clothed with a
dense silvery-white pubescence; body rather robust.
Antenne ip sexes dissimilar, the club not thicker than the funicle _.. 14
Antenne in sexes similar, the club strongly obliquely acuminate, conical,
often white; front wings most frequently with a fuscous
cloud or macula; seape cylindrical, not at all dilated.
Marginal vein not punctiform, the stigmal and postmarginal veins
rather long, at least twice longer than the marginal.
(52) Homalotylus Mayr.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii
22
338 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
Marginal vein punctiform, the stigmal vein long, curved, the post-
marginal vein entirely wanting or punctiform.
(53) Isodromus Howard.
14. Marginal and postmarginal veins not very short, the former usually but not
always a little longer than the stigmal.
Thorax without a white lunula before the tegulie; ovipositor not exserted, or
if exserted very slender, the sheaths never broad. ---- 15
Thorax with a white lunula before the tegule, rarely without; ovipositor
strongly exserted, thick and compressed, the sheaths
broad; abdomen rather long, as seen from above conic-
OViaTeR AAs Sees eae eee (54) Cerchysius Westwood.
15. Frons rather narrow, the eyes large, converging above, the lateral ocelli lying
close to the eye margin; abdomen oval or ovate, the ovi-
positor not exserted; thorax not closely or deeply punc-
tate; hind wings with the costal cell short and narrow.
(55) Sceptrophorus Forster.
Frons not narrow, the eyes smalier-and only slightly converging above, the
lateral ocelli not close to eye border, distant; scrobes
semicircular; abdomen oval, rotund, the ovipositor exser-
ted but very slender; thorax short, closely punctured or
with large, deep punctures; hind wings with the costal
cell broad and extending to the hooklets.
(56) Echthroplexis Forster.
16. Head with the frons prominent, the face inflexed; antennz frequently strongly
compressed, dilated; front wings usually fuscous or with
fuscous rays, the marginal vein somewhat thick, obiong,
very rarely much shorter or much longer than the stigmal,
the postmarginal usually wanting; ovipositor not or
scarcely, exsertediit Son yoh2 SaaS yeaa a ee 23
Head as viewed from the side, with the frons not prominent; antennze normal
or at the most with the scape compressed; wings hyaline,
rarely fuscous or subfuscous, with whitish transverse or
hyaline bands, the marginal vein rarely punctiform, but
rarely longer than the stigmal vein, the postmarginal vein
most frequently developed, rarely wanting or shorter than
the marginal or stigmal veins.
Marginal vein not short, punctiform but rarely longer than the stigmal, the
postmarginal vein most frequently well developed, rarely
somewhat shorter than the marginal or stigmal veins - 17
Marginal vein very short, punctiform, rarely longer than thick, the stigmal
vein from 24 to 3 times longer than the marginal, the
postmarginal vein wanting, or short, only slightly de-
veloped, rarely well developed; scape slender or at most
subclavate; body metallic.
Pedicel obconical, much stouter and longer than the first joint of funicle;
sometimes as long as 1-2 united; frons rather narrow, the
eyes as seen from in front somewhat convergent above;
club of antenne not especially large, shorter than the
funicle.
Lateral ocelli close to or touching the eye margin; postmarginal
vein not or only slightly developed.
Eyes bare; postmarginal vein not developed.
(57) Ooencyrtus Ashmead, new genus.
Eyes pubescent; postmarginal vein as long as marginal.
(60) Ageniaspis Dahlbom (part).
ot et hts-<i BOC aa eee eR i aie se
NO. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTIN4—ASHMEAD. 339
Toten al ocelli oor alone to eon eye margin, Miron one and a half to
twice their width from it; saatamectinel vein somewhat
developed ..------ (58) Psyllephagus Ashmead, new genus.
Pedicel short, scarcely longer than thick; frons moderate, the ocelli about
their width from eye margin; club of antenne large, the
length of funicle or nearly; funicle joints short, submo-
niliform, the three or four terminal joints wider than long.
(59) Coccidencyrtus Ashmead, new genus.
Wespeciesmmetallic or Sulbrme ua lhiC sas pps separa sale 9 le) arses eicieticies re eje = 18
Species not metallic; head and thorax opaque or subopaque, alutaceous, or
closely microscopically punctate or shagreened and pubes-
cent.
Postmarginal vein present.
First joint of the funicle shorter than the pedicel, all the funicle joints
being short; marginal vein punctiform. (60) Aphycus Mayr.
First joint of the funicle much longer than the pedicel, cylindrical, the
following gradually shortening but the last is stilla little
longer than thick ...........(61) Heterarthrellus Howard.
Postmarginal vein wanting; joints of funicle increasing in width but not
longer than wide..-......--.- . (62) Astymachus Howard.
18. Thorax without ascaly pubescence and without white lunule before tke tegule 19
Thorax with a scaly pubescence and with white lunule before the tegule.
Scape more or Jess dilated beneath, especially toward apex, rarely simple,
the flagellum ringed with white; wings hyaline, the stig-
mal and postmarginal veins subequal, longer than the
MAT alle ee ee een a (Oo) me aLastovuix Manas
19. Scape normal, not expanded or dilated eneat hy at it fence ate wines hya-
BIST @ fey arse ree eee es ee eerepslape ae ene a Delle i ho dates oe 20
Scape dilated or expanded beneath, the club not especially enlarged, shorter
than the funicle, the latter usually ringed with white, the
first four joints of same longer than wide; front wings
usually with fuscous bands or fuscous with hyaline bands
OG dnan kines ese se eae ean (64) Microterys Thomson.
20. Thorax smooth, impunctate, or at the most microscopically reticulate, or with
fine longitudinal striz on the mesonotum...-....----- 21
Thorax finely coriaceous, subopaque, without punctures scattered over the sur-
face; frons punctured; postmarginal vein longer than the
stigmal.
Scape subclavate, the funicle 6-jointed, the joints wider than long, the club
not thicker than the funicle; front wings hyaline with an
oblique hairless line from the marginal vein; stigmal and
postmarginal veins longer than the marginal; scutellum
with a delicate median grooved line at base; stigmal
vein as long as the marginal and postmarginal veins
united.
(65) Holcencyrtus Ashmead, new genus.
21. Mesonotum with fine longitudinal strizx.
Stigmal vein scarcely longer than the marginal, the postmarginal longer
than the marginal and stigmal veins united; eyes pubes-
cent; funicle joints 2-4 not longer than wide.
(66) Ageniaspis Dahlbom.
Mesonotum smooth, impunctate, or at the most microscopically reticulate.
Stigmal vein very short, not or scarcely so long as the marginal and the
postmarginal veins. united; axille meet at their inner
basal aneles or are separated. _.-.----.--.22----+-+--- 22
340 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
22.
Sime vein vad Tomer than the marginal, as long or longer than the
marginal and postmarginal veins united; axillie do not
meet at their inner basal angle; club of antennx not -
much enlarged, only about half as long as the funicle, the
joints of the funicle cylindrical, much longer than wide,
never moniliform; abdomen conic-ovate, usually a little
longer than the head and thorax united.
(67) Pseudencyrtus Ashmead, new genus.
Stigmal vein not longer than the marginal and postmarginal veins united, usu-
ally distinctly shorter, the postmarginal vein very short
or shorter than the stigmal.
Club of antenne much enlarged, usually as long, longer, or nearly as long
as the funicle, and obliquely-truncate from beneath, the
joints of the funicle, or at least the first three or four
joints, moniliform, or not longer than thick, the others
transverse, broader than long; abdomen ovate, rarely
longer than the head and thorax united, most frequently
the length of the thorax or a little longer.
(68) Hpiencyrtus Ashmead, new genus.
Club of puree not much enlarged, nor obliquely truncate from beneath,
fusiform, and less than half the length of the funicle, none
of the funicle joints wider than long; abdomen short
ovate, hardly as long as the thorax.
(69) Syrphophagus Ashmead, new genus.
Stigmal vein very short, scarcely so long as the marginal and postmarginal
veins united, the former being not more than or hardly
twice as long as thick, the postmarginal never well devel-
oped, although acuminate and longer than the short mar-
ginal; club of antenn oblong, stouter, and a little more
than half the length of the funicle, the first two or three
joints of the tunicle short or moniliform, the following
usually a little longer than thick, or, at most, with only
the last two joints a little wider than long; abdomen
broadly oval and considerably shorter than the thorax;
scntellum variable, subopaquely sculptured or polished,
impunctate, the axille not quite meeting at their inner
basal angles...... (70) Aphidencyrtus Ashmead, new genus.
A ANAT GL NCE Geseconcseod0 soUSco CoS0o0.o50u Gogeco. bane 169600 c95G05 Sond coce 24
Wingless.
Scutellum triangular, acute at apex, not declivous, antennxw simple, the
Scrobes dee peesteeese saree ene (71) Choreia Westwood.
. Head with the face much inflexed, the scrobes deep, semicircular, the frons
, 1) 2.
most frequently regularly punctate. ...-.....-...-..-- 25
Head always semiglobose, the face less distinctly inflexed, the scrobes, however,
always forming a semicircle; antenne simple or at least
never much compressed nor very broad, subcylindrical;
wings not fusco-radiate; scutellum with a clump of hairs
ab apPeR. = ue ee a erst: (72) Cheiloneurus Westwood.
. Wings fuscous, usually with the extreme tips white or hyaline............. Ti
WANES AHN IN OOUI MEY) Caoe ShdooseeSusoesacHeoges cudocS cocSou sob des cecocd 26
Wings hyaline, or at most with a discal cloud; antenn short.
Eyes large, rounded, strongly converging above, and leaving a very narrow
or linear vertex; antenne very short, the club enormously
enlarged, longer than the funicle and several times thicker,
the joints of the funicle transverse.
(73) Zaomma Ashmead, new genus.
ponte
NO. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINZ—ASHMEAD. 341
Eyes not unusually large, only slightly converging above, the vertex not
especially narrow ; club of antenn not unusually enlarged
and about the length of the funicle, the joints of the
funicle transverse, the first two or three submoniliform.
(74) Adelencyrtus Ashmead, new genus.
Wings with leopard-like spots; antenn very long and slender, longer than the
body, the club not enlarged.
(75) Callipteroma Motschulsky.
26. Head oblong; antennz strongly compressed, broad; occipital margin and scu-
tellum normal..-.----.-.--..(76) Cerapterocerus Westwood.
Head not oblong; antennz neither strongly compressed nor broad; occipital
margin medially and superiorly with two strong clavate
hairs; scutellum at apex with one or two clumps of stiff,
broad bristles or clavate hairs; marginal vein more than
twice as long as thick.
Funicle 6-jointed, the joints wider than long, the club not especially large.
(77) Habrolenis Forster.
Funicle 4-jointed, the joints fully twice as long as thick, or a little longer,
the club very large, fusiform, nearly as long as the funicle
andemuchistouterses-4-e 4-4-2 (78) Homalopoda Howard.!
27. Marginal vein shorter than the stigmal or no longer...-.. .._.....---..----. 28
Marginal vein longer than the stigmal; facial impression not bounded by a dis-
tinct arched carina superiorly.
Head with aseries of moderately large punctures; axill very narrow, trans-
versely wedge-shaped, with their points just meeting at
base of scutellum; scutellum with a tuft of bristles at
CUD os, tershy Sie Sade eeae sey (79) Eusemion Dabhlbom.
Head smooth, shining, with very fine, sparse punctures; ocelli in an acute
triangle; axille united at base of scutellum; scutellum
without a tuft of bristles ...... -_-. (80) Atropates Howard.
28. Facial impression and scrobes deep, bounded by a distinct arched carina
superiorly.
Scutellum with a tuft of bristles; stigmal and postmarginal veins very
TONG ae Nor een sae ey (81) Chrysoplaiyeerus Ashmead.
Scutellum without a tuft of bristles; marginal and postmarginal veins sub-
equal, the stigmal a little the longer: eyes naked; ocelli
in an acute triangle; funicle not longer than the first joint
ofstibnerclulbp ree sseeeeciee eee eisees (82) Asteropeus Howard.
Scutellum without a tuft of bristles; stigmal and postmarginal veins not
long; eyes pubescent; joints of the funicle all short and
rapidly widening from the narrow pedicel, the club longer
than the funicle, obliquely trancate from beneath toward
apex; tarsi short‘and somewhat thickened.
(83) Anicetus Howard.
Facial impression not bounded by an arched carina superiorly; scutellum nor-
mal; eyes pubescent; antenne short, the scape somewhat
broadly dilated toward apex; the flagellum strongly incras-
sated, scarcely longer than the scape, the very large club
longer than the funicle, the joints of funicle annular;
1T am satisfied this is the genus Dr. Howard intended to name Habrolepoidea, and
not the one which now bears the name, and threugh some clerical error the names
were transposed. This resembles and has an affinity with Habrolepis, while the
other has not a particle of resemblance or relationship. The name Homalopoda also
fittingly describes the structural characteristics of the genus now bearing the name
Habrolepoidea.
342 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
marginal vein punctiform, the stigmal and postmarginal
veins very long, as in Hncyrtus (Comys) sens. str.
(84) Zarhopalus Ashmead, new genus.
29. Antenne 10-jointed, the funicle 5-jointed.
Scape linear, wholly received in the scrobes; marginal vein punctiform.
(85) Metallon Walker.
Antenne 9-jointed, the funicle 4-jointed.............--. (86) Cercobelus Walker.
Antenne 6-jointed, the funicle 3-jointed .._....... ---- (87) Coccobius Ratzebure.
30. Males.
Mandibles with the teeth shorter, less acute; labrum not conspicuous; frons
punctate and frequently with a series of large, thimble-
like punctures; wings often ornate, wanting or much
abbreviated sete sce vee ee ere, cata See 34 |
Mandibles rather long, with acute teeth, the apical one usually larger and
more acute than the other two; labrum conspicuous; frons
very closely punctate or shagreened, the large punctures |
wanting; front wings not ornate, usually with a puncti-
form or very short marginal vein, the hind wings usually
with a long costal cell, which extends to the hooklets;
head rather narrow, as viewed from in front, somewhat
long, subtriangular, the scrobes forming a triangle.
Postmarginal vein distinctly longer than the stigmal ..-..---:...__-. 33
Postmarginal vein wanting or hardly developed, the marginal vein-very
SOKO PUNE LTO yes payee re ene 31
31. Head, viewed from in front, not longer than wide, the cheeks not long. ---_. 32
Head, viewed from in front, much longer than wide, the cheeks long.
Front wings without marginal cilia; antenne very long and slender, the fla-
gellar joints all very long, the sixth the shortest, but five
times as long as wide. ..._.._-_-__--- (26) Psilophrys Mayr.
Front wings with marginal cilia.
Pedicel three or more times longer than thick at apex, the flagellum
with long hairs.
Funicle joints about four times as long as thick, cylindrical; meso-
notum and scutellum shagreened. 2
(27) Parapsilophrys Howard.
Funicle less than thrice as long as thick; mesonotum reticulate.
(28) Liothorax Mayr.
Pedicel not three times as long as thick, the flagellum clothed with long
TAIT ye eit ey reyes ese eee (31) Copidosoma Ratzeburg.
32. Cheeks about half the length of the eyes; funiclar joints 1-5 triangulariy
toothed, with long hairs........-. (32) Prionomitus Mayr.
Cheeks very short; eyes large, rounded; pubescent; pedicel thrice as long as
thick: 2h ese ee eee ee See ee (33) Archinus Howard.
33. Mesonotum lustrous, smooth, blue or metallic.
Pedicel about thrice as long as thick, the flagellum filiform or subfiliform,
with short, sparse pubescence, the funicle joints from two
and a half to three times as long as thick; the first very
long, four or more times longer than thick; eyes pubes-
cent; postmarginal vein very long.
(34) Parencyrtus Ashmead, new genus.
34. Abdomen with the dorsum flat or concave, not rigidly pubescent ___....-_-. 35
Abdomen subglobose or subovate, clothed with a rigid white pubescence.
Pronotum large, conical ; antenn:e strongly compressed, broad ; wings
poorly developed or wanting, not extending to middle of
abdomen. (Fully developed wings probably occur.)
(35) Mira Schellenberg.
No, 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTIN.E—ASHMEAD. 343
Pronotum not large; antennee simple, neither compressed nor broad.
Head, seen from in front, much longer than wide; marginal vein not
short ; antennz long, the flagellum subclavate, clothed
with a short, dense pubescence.
(36) Spheropisthus Thomson.
Head, seen from in front, not longer than wide; marginal vein very short,
the postmarginal vein longer than the stigimal; flagellum
filiform, the joints nearly thrice as long as thick.
(387) Chestomorpha Ashmead, new genus.
35. Head not or less distinctly lenticular, opaque, minutely, closely punctate, sha-
greened, or smooth and shining, at the most with only a
fo walaLeeppuMeLUreSraco=4)- 2 senose see) sas neal oa, 39
Head transversely broad, always lenticular, the scrobes short, the punctures
large, thimble-like; hind wings with the costal cell usually
extending to the hooklets.
Marginal vein rarely short, at least longer than thick, and usually much
longer; mesonotum smooth, impunctate, or at most sha-
{Ld SYS OVELG LS ess Es Se mae eas eee ee 37
Marginal vein very short, punctiform, not or scarcely longer than thick;
mesonotum punctate.
Mesonotum with the punctuation unlike that of the head, the punctures
less dense and the surface finely coriaceous; postmarginal
and stigmal veins short, subequal --..--..-........_.. 36
Mesonotum with the punctuation similar to that of the head; postmar-
ginal vein very short or subobsolete (rarely long), the
stigmal vein long.
Scape normal, without a leaf-like expansion beneath.
Punctures on head and thorax cearse and dense.
Mesonotum very short, only about half the length of the
scutellum; postmarginal vein usually as long as the
stigmal; flagellum long, with long sparse hairs, not ar-
ranged in half whorls. .---.-----. (39) Chalcaspis Howard.
Mesonotum at least-as long as the scutellum or very nearly;
postmarginal vein much shorter than the stigmal; fla-
gellum with funicle joints subexcised at apex, with half
whorls of long hairs.....--. (40) Bothriothorae Ratzeburg.
Punctures on head and thorax smaller and less dense; mesono-
tum a little longer than the scutellum.
(41) Aratus Howard.
36. Vertex and face broad, finely shagreened, and sparsely punctate; scrobes deep
; semicircular.
2 Pedicel obconical, longer than thick at apex, the flagellum subclavate, the
joints, after the first, wider than long.
(42) Pentelicus Howard.
Pedicel very minute, the flagellum filiform, pilose, the joints subequal,
about two and one-half times as long as thick.
(48) Blepyrus Howard.
Vertex and face very narrow, or not broad.
Head with coarse thimble-like punctures, the thorax smooth, impunctate;
flagellum short, thick, filiform, clothed witl a dense
short pubescence, the joints wider than long.
(38) Aenasius Walker.
Head smooth without coarse thimble-like punctures, at the most with some
‘ sparse punctures on the vertex; flagellum long, sub-
clavate, not thick and only sparsely pubescent.
(45) Euryrhopalus Howard.
o44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
37. Marginal vein rather long, rarely shorter than the stigmal ....--........--- 38
Marginal vein rarely more than twice as long as thick, head with rather sparse,
scattered, umbilicate punctures, the scutellum a little
longer than the mesonotum.
Head not wider than the thorax between the wings; flagellum not short,
filiform, and clothed with rather short sparse hairs, the
funicle joints longer than wide, the first a little the
longest .-.-.----.-(46) Hemencyrtus Ashmead, new genus.
Head wider than the thorax between the wings; flagellum short, strongly
clavate, as in the female; the club large and longer than
the funicle, the joints of the latter minute annular.
(47) Coccophoctonus Ashmead, new genus.
38. Mesonotum as long as the scutellum or nearly, rarely somewhat shorter, the
surface finely shagreened, at most with some feebly
defined sparse punctures ; Sao cna vein shorter than the
stigmal, the latter not very short; flagellum filiform,
pilose, the funicle joints about twice as long as thick;
eyes babevtoosa See gen seer ee (48) Phenodiscus Forster.
Mesonotum much shorter than the scutellum, finely delicately shagreened or
rugulose especially anteriorly; marginal vein a little
longer than the stigmal; flagellum subclavate, densely
pubescent, the funicle joints 2-6 not longer than thick,
if anything a little wider than long; eyes pubescent.
(49) Rhytidothorax Ashmead, new genus.
. Antenne inserted near the mouth border or far below the middle of the
IEC eer en Ree Me ee RP ER Bate Sooodc Goo 40
Antenne inserted on or a little above the middle of the face.
Frons subconvex, somewhat coarsely and closely punctate; thorax rather
coarsely shagreened or finely regulose; scape not extend-
ing beyond ocelli; front wings with the marginal, post-
marginal and stigmal veins long, subequal.
(50) Tanaoneura Howard.
Frons highly convex, smooth and polished, as is also the thorax; scape long,
extending far beyond the ocelli; front wings with the
marginal, postmarginal, and stigmal veins rather short,
the marginal thickened with a fuscous cloud or band
beneath; flagellum with 6 long branches.
: (51) Hexacladia Ashmead.
40. Antenne with the funicle 2, 3, 4, or 5-jointed .......----..--.------ ------- 57
Sy)
ite)
Antenne with the funicle 6-jointed (in a single case 2-jointed).
Metathorax bare, or with the lateral ridges superiorly alone pilose -.---- 44
Metathorax with the pleura and the lateral ridges always clothed with a
dense silvery pubescence; body rather robust .....--. 41
41. Antenne unlike those of the female, filiform, pilose, or with whorls of hairs, or
the funicle joints dentate or subpedunculate, with whorls
or fasciclessotuhainrs)<2 ose eee seers EN ere 42
Antenne similar to those of the female, filiform or at most subclavate, the club
conical, strongly obliquely truncate from beneath, often
white, the scape cylindrical, not at all dilated; front wings
usually with a discoidal fuscous cloud or macula.
Marginal vein not punctiform, although short, the stigmal and postmarginal
veins long, very much longer than the marginal.
(52) Homalotylus Mayr.
Marginal vein punctiform, the stigmal vein long, the postmarginaél vein not
developed or wanting..-.-...---. (53) Isodromus Howard.
NO. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTIN4—ASHMEAD. 345
42. Marginal and postmarginal veins not very short, the former usually a little
longer than the stigmal, rarely somewhat shorter.
Thorax without white lunule before the tegulie
- Thorax, with white lunule, or at least a dot, before the tegule
(54) Cerchysius Westwood.
43, Hind wings, with the costal cell short and narrow.
Antenne long; the flagellum long, cylindrical, clothed with long, sparse
hairs; the funicle joints long.
(55) Sceptrophorus Forster = Trichomasthus Thomson.
Hind wings with the costal cell broad and extending as far as the hooklets.
(56) Hehthroplexis Forster.
44. Head with the frons prominent, the face inflexed; antennze frequently com-
pressed, dilated, broad; front wings usually with fuscous
rays or fuscous with white tips, more rarely hyaline,
apterous or subapterous; marginal vein usually some-
what thickened, oblong, very rarely much longer or much
shorter than the stigmal, the postmarginal frequently
WING LINO ered ie er ery aeen Sein Seen PARIS cdc ts see es Sd 51
Head, as seen from the side, with the frons not prominent; wings most fre-
quently hyaline, although sometimes with transverse fus-
cous bands or fuscous with white bands.
Marginal vein notshort, punctiform, butrarely longerthan thestigmal, always
more than twice longer than thick, the postmarginal most
frequently well developed, rarely somewhat shorter than
ihe gmian cima lee ae eee ean eee cin Bo eal 45
Marginal vein very short, punctiform, rarely longer than thick, the stigmal
from two and a half to three times or more longer than the
marginal; the postmarginal wanting or very short, not
well developed; scape slender or at most subclavate, never
dilated; frons usually rather narrow, the eyes, as seen from
in front, slightly converging above.
Flagellum with the hairs on the funicle joints not arranged in half
whorls.
Lateral ocelli touching the eye margin; flagellum with long hairs.
Eyes bare; postmarginal vein not developed or so slightly devel-
oped as not to be considered.
(57) Ooencyrtus Ashmead, new genus.
Eyes pubescent; postmarginal vein as long as the marginal.
(66) Ageniaspis Dahlbom (part).
Lateral ocelli not close to the eye margin; postmarginal vein some-
what developed; flagellum filiform, with a short pubes-
cence.
(58) Psyllephaqus Ashmead.
Flagellum with the hairs on the funicle joints arranged in half whorls.
(59) Coccidencyrtus Ashmead, new genus.
JS, SPScles WiCuENUNG Oe SMM MUIG: 55 — soacos s556ue saben couase cdo5 cae osOedoeeT 46
Species not metallic; head and thorax opaque or subopaque, alutaceous, closely
microscopically punctate or shagreened, and pubescent.
Postmarginal vein present.
_ Pedicc? longer than the first joint of funicle; flagellum clothed with
hairs, the funicle joints, except its first two or three, not
or scarcely longer than thick ....-..-.(60) Aphycus Mayr.
Pedicel very short; flagellum elongate, the club only slightly enlarged,
the funicle joints elongate, cylindrical, ana clothed with
sparse, long hairs..-.-.-----. (61) Heterarthrellus Howard.
Postmarginal vein wanting.
346 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
Pedicel as long as the first funicle joint; flagellum subclavate, the club
not quite so long as funicle joints 4-6 united, first joint of
funicle the longest, the following gradually shortening,
clothed with a short, rather dense pubescence.
(62) Astymachus Howard.
46. Thorax without a scaly pubescence and without white lunule before the tegule. 47
Thorax with a scaly pubescence and with white lunule before the tegule.
Flagellum elongate, the funicle joints long, excised or subexcised at apex
with whorls of long hairs ...-...--- (63) Blastothrix Mayr.
47. Scape normal, not expanded or dilated beneath, at the most subclavate; wings
hyaline. Jo. 5 2h SMU Se ie es a a ee 48
Scape usually dilated or expanded beneath, or at least with a carina, rarely
simple, unlike the female; wings fuscous or subfuscous,
with transverse hyaline bands, rarely hyaline.
Thorax smooth but microscopically coriaceous, with sparse punctures seat-
tered over the surface; frons with a series of punctures,
especially on the orbits ....-..-.(64) Microterys Thomson.
48. Thorax finely coriaceous, subopaque, without punctures scattered over the sur-
face; frons punctate; scutelinm with a delicate impressed
median line; wings pubescenct, with an oblique hairless
line from base of stigmal vein; flagellum subfiliform,
clothed with a short, dense pubescence, the funicle joints
a little wider than long.
(65) Holcencyrtus Ashmead, new genus.
Thorax smooth, impunctate, or at the most microscopically reticulate, or with
fine longitudinal striz on the mesonotum.
Mesonotum smooth, impunctate, or at the most MUETOScOpicallly) reticulate. 49
Mesonotum with ane longitudinal striz.
Stigmal vein scarcely longer than the marginal, the postmarginal vein
longer than the marginal and stigmal veins united; eyes
pubescent -....-...--...-.-----.(66) Ageniaspis Dahlbom.
49. Stigmal vein very short, not or scarcely so long as the marginal and postmarginal
veins united; axille meet at their inner basal angles . 50
Stigmal vein much longer than the marginal, as long or longer than the margiual
and postmarginal veins united; axille do not quite meet
at their inner basal angles.
Antenne with the scape rather short and stout, not reaching to the front
ocelli, the flagellum elongate filiform, clothed with sparse
moderately long hairs, the funicle joints about thrice as
long as thick, or nearly.
(67) Pseudencyrius Ashmead, new genus.
Antenne with the scape long, slender, reaching to or beyond the front ocelli,
the flagellum elongate, filiform, the funicle joints more
than twice longer than wide, with long sparse hairs;
scutellum shagreened or striate.
(64) Microterys Thomson (part).
50. Stigmal vein not longer than the marginal and postmarginal veins united, usually
distinctly shorter, the postmarginal very short, or shorter
than the stigmal.. .(68) Mpiencyrtus Ashmead, new genus.
Antenne with the scape short, not extending beyond the middle of the face,
the flagellum filiform, sparsely pilose, the funicle joints
about two and a half times as long as thick; lateral ocelli
about or nearly twice their width from eye margin.
(69) Syrphophagus Ashmead, new genus.
Stigmal vein very short, scarcely so long as the marginal and postmarginal
united, the former being not more than or hardly twice as
No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTIN H—ASHMEAD. 347
long as thick, the postmarginal never well developed,
although acuminate and longer than the short marginal.
Flagellum filiform, pilose, the joints of funicle about twice as long as thick;
lateral ocelli at least their width from eye margin.
(70) Aphidencyrtus Ashmead, new genus.
51. Scutellum neither triangular nor acute at apex ..-....-.---.--------...---- 51
Seutellum triangular, acute at apex.
Antenne simple, subfiliform, pubescent ..--...----- (71) Choreia Westwood.
ALIN CERO ONGC ears eet aaey 7 Veet ace eon eR eon ee oh Soe 53
Funicle 2-jointed, the club unusually long and cylindrical (teste Mayr).
(77) Habrolepis Forster.
53. Head with vertex antero-posteriorly broad, the face much inflexed, the frons
regularly punctate; antenne with the scape and flagellum
usually strongly compressed, broad; wings fuscous or
WAL OIUS CONS PPA Sieaeara yas Be eee ee oe a an 54.
Head always semiglobose, the face less distinctly inflexed, the scrobes always
forming a semicircle; antenn simple, filiform, the joints
long, cylindrical, distinctly separated and hairy, rarely
slightly compressed; wings usually fusco-radiate or partly
fuscous, rarely entirely hyaline.
Scape elongate, extending to or beyond the middie ocellus, the flagellum
very long, clothed with rather long hairs.
(72) Cheiloneurus Westwood = Sterrhocoma Forster, male.
LT SSPISCOUS, wilh MALTON) Wilve bips)-= S22 2 oops see ee lee Sai 55
Wings hyaline, the marginal vein rather long, stout, as long as the stigmal vein,
the latter not short, the postmarginal not developed;
antennie long, filiform, the flagellum with sparse moder-
ately long hairs; funicle joints 1-6 constricted at apex or
subpedunculate, somewhat similar to the male in Lury-
LOMG eee ee aes Ciera (76) Cerapterocerus Westwood.
Pe Mancimalaveimishorter than the stigmal <9. - io 222 7. o5 2-2 sce ae 56
Marginal vein longer than the stigmal.
Facial impression not bounded by a distinct carina superiorly.
(79) Eusemion Dahlbom.
56. Facial impression and scrobes deep, bounded by a high carina superiorly.
Scutellum with a tuft of bristles; stigmal and postmarginal veins very long.
(80) Chrysonlatycerus Ashmead.
Secutellum without a tuft of bristles; stigmal and postmarginal veins not
OT Oe Ss scnpene splice ceee eens (83) Anicetus Howard.
Facial impression not bounded by a carina superiorly.
(84) Zarhopalus Ashmead, new genus.
57. Antenne 10-jointed, with a 5-jointed funicle........---.- (85) Metallon Walker.
Antenne 9-jointed, the funicle 4-jointed .-......-..--.. (86) Cercobelus Walker.
Antenne 6-jointed, the funicle 5-jointed.......-. -.-- (87) Coccobius Ratzeburg.
Antenne 5-jointed, the funicle 2-jointed, the club unusually long and cylin-
Giricalte estes womsite eee snare ik (77) Habrolepis Forster.
meiloe, LVe VNR EE INOm EA GUN TT:
This tribe is proposed for two genera differing decidedly from the
other tribes in mandibular characters, as well as in general habitus.
The mandibles are acutely pointed or conical, and edentate: the tarsi
4 or 5 jointed; while the marginal vein is wanting or punctiform, the
postmarginal vein wanting, the stigmal vein sometimes present.
TABLE OF GENERA.
Parsi 4-jOrmmbed. 225 Vos. sss se ae back ee Se ee ea a ce a 2
Tarsi 5-jointed.
Front wings with the marginal vein punctiform, the postmarginal wanting,
the stigmal rather short and curved; female with 10-jointed antennx, the
funicle 5-jointed, joints 1-3 small, wider than long; ovipositor exserted.
(88) Rhopoideus Howard.
2. Front wings with the marginal and stigmal veins wanting, the subcostal vein
not quite attaining the costal edge and terminating in a stigma, female with
3-jointed, male with 9-jointed antenna. .-.-(89) Arrhenophagus Aurivillius.
Subfamily Il HNCY RITIN 2.
Tribe I. ECTROMINI.
1. CALOCERINUS Howard.
1892. Calocerinus Howarb, Proc. U.S, Nat. Mus., XV, p. 269.
1. CALOCERINUS FLORIDANUS Ashmead.
(Type, Tetracnemus floridanus Ashmead.)
Tetracnemus floridanus ASHMEAD, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., XVII, 1885, Proc., p. xviii,
male.
Calocerinus floridanus HowaRD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 368,
Type.—Cat. No. 4718, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.— Florida: Jacksonville.
2. TETRALOPHIDEA Ashmead, new genus.
(Type, Tetralophidea bakeri Ashmead.)
This genus comes nearest to Calocerinus Howard, but the head is not
quite so large nor so broad proportionately; the lateral ocelli are more
distant from the eye margin, being about three times as far from the
eye margin as their diameter; the pronotum is shorter; the mesonotum
and scutellum are less convex; the wings are clear hyaline, not fuscous
with white bands, as in Calocerinus; while the abdomen is proportion-
ately longer.
The genus is readily separated from Calocerinus, the only one with
which it shows any affinity, by the hyaline wings and the position of the ©
ocelli.
1. TETRALOPHIDEA BAKERI Ashmead, new species.
Male.—Length, 1.5 to nearly 2 mm. Head and thorax aeneous black,
the mesopleura blue; mandibles dark rufous or ferruginous, bidentate;
legs aeneous with all the tarsi brown-black or dark fuscous. Head
and thorax above with a distinct metallic luster, and microscopically
reticulate or shagreened, the face with some scattered punctures.
Antenne 11-jointed, inserted below the middle of the face, the flagellum
with four long pilose branches, a branch on joints 1-4; pedicel obconieal,
searcely longer than thick at apex, funicle6-jointed, the first joint annular,
the fourth elongate, more than twice longer than the three preceding, the
348 PROCKHEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINA—ASHMEAD. 349
fifth and sixth also elongate, but shorter. than the fourth; club fusi-
form, indistinctly 3-jointed. Mesonotum subdepressed in front of the
scutellum; axillz not quite meeting at base of scutellum; metathorax
short, with the hind angles smooth, bare. Wings hyaline, the venation
mostly dark-brown or piceous, the submarginal vein, except at apex,
pale yellowish; marginal vein about thrice as long as the stigmal, the
postmarginal short, not longer than the stigmal, the latter being short,
subpetiolate and ending in a knob. Legs aeneous black, the hind
coxe metallic green, the tarsi brown-black or fuscous, the anterior and
middle tarsi basally and the middle tibial spur, yellowish.
Types._-Cat. Nos. 5082-5085, U.S.N.M. (Carl F’. Baker collection.)
Habitat.—Colorado.
3. MEROMYZOBIA Ashmead, new genus.
(Type, Hricydnus maculipennis Ashmead. )
Stature and general appearance of Hricydnus Walker, but readily
distinguished from it and allied genera by its antennal characters, the
funicle being only 4-jointed, with two small ring-joints. It is the only
genus in the tribe Hctromini with two ring-joints, aud includes wingless
or subapterous forms, as well as those with wings fully developed.
Head transverse, viewed from in front rounded, the frons subconvex,
finely shagreened or coriaceous, with a few minute punctures scattered
over the surface. Mandibles bidentate. Antenne 11-jointed—scape,
pedicel, two ring-joints, a 4-jointed funicle, and a 3-jointed club. Prono-
tum conical, the hind margin obtusely triangularly emarginate; meso-
notum smooth, a little wider than long; scutellum about two-thirds the
length of the mesonotum, with the axillxe touching each other at their
inner basal angles; metathorax short, about one-third the length of the
seutellum, smooth. Winged form with the wings hyaline, but banded,
or at least maculate with fuscous; the marginal vein is somewhat long,
linear; the stigmal is always shorter than the marginal and issues
obliquely at an angle of less than 30 degrees; the postmarginal vein is
a little longer than the stigmal, but shorter than the marginal. Abdo-
men conic-ovate, and usually a little longer than the thorax.
The species in this genus, whose parasitism is known, destroy Dip-
terous Jarvee belonging to the genus Meromyza. The following are the
Species of our fauna:
I. MEROMYZOBIA AMERICANA Ashmead.
Prionomastix americana ASHMEAD, Ent. Amer., IV, 1888, p. 16, male.-—DaLLa
TORRE Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 265.
Type.—Cat. No. 4719, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.—Florida.
2. MEROMYZOBIA BIFASCIATA Ashmead.
Homalotylus bifasciatus ASHMEAD, Bull. No. 1, Colo. Biol. Assoc., 1890, p. 28, fe-
male.—DaLLa TORRE Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 246.
850 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
(o4
Type.—Cat. No. 4720, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.—Colorado.
3. MEROMYZOBIA FLAVICINCTA Ashmead.
Choreia flavicincta ASHMEAD, Ent. Amer., IV, 1888, p. 17, female.—DALLA TORRE
Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 248. ,
Type.— Cat. No. 4721, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.—Florida.
4. MEROMYZOBIA MACULIPENNIS Ashmead.
Bricydnus maculipennis ASHMEAD, Bull. Ohio Exper. Sta., I, 1893, p. 162, female. —
DaLua TorRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p.249.
Type.—Cat. No. 4722, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.—Ohio.
Host.—Dipt.: Meromyza americana Fitch; ?Chlorops ingrata Williston.
5. MEROMYZOBIA FLAVA Ashmead, new species.
Male.—Length, 1.6 mm. Brownish-yellow; the trochanters, base of
hind tibiz, tibial spurs and tarsi, except terminal joints, yellowish white;
eyes purplish brown; flagellum brown; wings hyaline, the marginal and
stigmal veins brown. Abdomen short oval.
Antenne 9-jointed (scape, pedicel, 4 funicle joints and an indistinetly
5-jointed club); the flagellum is subcompressed, the joints of the funicle
about thrice as long as wide or the fourth is somewhat shorter; the
club is longer than the slender scape, 3-jointed, but the sutures sepa-
rating the joints are made out with difficulty; the pedicel is very small,
hardly longer than thick.
Type.—Cat. No. 4723, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.—District of Columbia.
6. MEROMYZOBIA UNIFASCIATA Ashmead, new species.
Female.—Length, 2mm. Brownish-yellow; the middle lobe of scutel-
lum, the metanotum, and the middle tibix, except distal ends, obfur-
cated; hind femora, their tibiz, except basal two-thirds, which is
white, and their tarsi, fuscous. Abdomen black, with the basal seg-
ment yellowish. Wings, hyaline, with a large discoidal fuscous cloud
beneath the marginal and stigmal veins.
Type.—Cat. No. 4724, U.S N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.— Mississippi: Utiea.
4. CHRYSOPOPHAGUS Ashmead.
1894. Chrysopophagus ASHMEAD, Ins. Life, VII, p. 246.
(Type, Chrysopophagus compressicornis Ashmead. )
1. CHRYSOPOPHAGUS BANKSI Howard.
Chrysopophagus banksi HowaRD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X XI, 1898, p. 247, female.
Type.—Cat. No. 3851, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Texas: College Station; New Mexico: Mesilla Park.
No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTIN.E—ASHMEAD. 301
_ 2. CHRYSOPOPHAGUS COMPRESSICORNIS Ashmead.
Chrysopephagus compressicornis ASHMEAD, Ins. Life, VII, 1894, p. 246, female and
male.—DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 267.
Type.—Cat. No. 1465, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Mississippi: Utiea.
Host.—Neurop.: Chrysopa attenuata Walker.
5. TINEOPHOCTONUS Ashmead, new genus.
(Type, Phanodiscus armatus Ashmead.)
This genus also resembles Hricydnus Walker, but the abdomen is
longer, more compressed, and terminates in a long, prominent oviposi-
tor, while the venation of the front wings is different, the marginal vein
being long, linear, while the stigmal and nasinremen rel veins are very
short.
Two species belong here, Phwenodiscus armatus Ashmead, and Lepto-
mastix tineevora Ashmead, the latter being based upon a specimen
that had the ovipositor broken off.
1. TINEOPHOCTONUS ARMATUS Ashmead.
Phenodiscus armatus ASHMEAD, Ent. Amer., IV, 1888, p. 17, female.—DaLLa
Torre, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 229.
Type.—Cat. No. 4725, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.—F lorida.
2. TINEOPHOCTONUS TINEA!VORA Ashmead.
Leptomastix tineewvora ASHMEAD, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., XIV, 1887, p. 191, female;
Ent. Amer., IV, 1888, p. 16, female.—DaLia TorRE, Cat. Hym., V, p. 253.
Type.—Cat. No. 4726, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.—Florida: Jacksonville.
Host.—_Lepid.: Tineid sp. living in galls of Andricus pattoni Bassett.
GRC Y4MIN- US Vall kei:
1837. EHricydnus WALKER, Ent. Mag., IV, p. 363.
1860. Pezobius FOrstER, Verh. d.naturh. Ver. pr. Rheinl., XVII, p. 129 (wingless
form).
(Type, Encyrtus longicornis Dalman.)
1. ERICYDNUS 42NEIVENTRIS Walker.
Encyrtus eneiventris WALKER, Ent. Mag., IV, 1837, p. 447, female.
Pezobius polychromus FORSTER, Verh. naturh. Ver. pr. Rheinl., XVII, 1860, p. 130,
female.
Pricydnus eneiventris MAyR, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, pp. 764,
765, female.—DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 249,
Habitat.—Burope.
352 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. al
2. ERICYDNUS CHRYSCUS Walker.
Pteromalus? chryscus WALKER, Monogr. Chalcid., II, 1839, p.34, female. |
Ericydnus chryscus WALKER, List Hym. w.it. Mus hele, I, 1846, p.58.—DaLia |
TorRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 249.
Habitat.—Australia.
3. ERICYDNUS LATIUSCULUS Thomson.
Ericydnus latiusculus THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 125, female and male.—
DaLua TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 249.
Habitat.—Europe: Sweden.
4. ERICYDNUS LONGICORNIS Dalman.
Encyrtus longicornis DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, p. 165, male.
Encyrtus strigosus NeES, Hym. Ichn. Affin. Monogr., II, 1834, p. 227, female.—
WALKER, Ent. Mag., IV, 1837, p. 364.
Encyrtus longicornis NEES, Hym. Ichn. Affin. Monogr., II, p. 251, male.
Encyrtus baleus WALKER, The Entomologist, 1841, pl. H. fig. 1, female.
Encyrtus longicornis RATZEBURG, Ichn. d. Forstins., I, 1844, p. 192, female.
Ericydnus wmnestus WALKER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (2),V, 1850, p. 133, female.
Ericydnus strigosus WALKER, Notes on Chalcid., Pt. 5, 1872, p. 72, fig.; The
Entomologist, VI, 1872, p. 113, fig.
Ericydnus longicornis Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, pp. 763, 764,
ftemale.—THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 124, female and male. Wake
ToRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 249,
Habitat.—Europe.
5. ERICYDNUS MEGALARUS Walker.
Eulophus megalarus WALKER, Ent. Mag., V, 1838, p. 477, female.
Ericydnus megalarus WALKER, List Hym. Brit. Mus. Chalcid., I, 1846, p. 54.—
DaLLa TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, ae p. 249.
Habitat.—Austraha
6. ERICYDNUS REINHARDII Mayr.
Ericydnus reinhardii Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XX V, 1875, pp. 764, 765.—
DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 249.
Habitat.—Europe: Austria.
7. ERICYDNUS VENTRALIS Dalman.
Encyrtus longicornis var. ventralis DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI,
1820, p. 166.
Ericydnus paladatus WALKER, Ent. Mag., IV, 1837, p. 363, female and male.—
BLANCHARD, Hist. nat. d. Ins., III, 1840, p. 276.—WrEstwoop, Intr. Mod.
Class. Ins., II, 1840, Synop., p. 72.—Srx, Tijdschr. v. Entom., 1876, p. 134,
female; pl. 6, fig. 1.
Ericydnus ventralis Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, pp. 764, 765,
female and male.—TuHomson, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 125.—DALLa TORRE,
Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 250.
Habitat.—Europe.
Host.—Rhynch.: Pulvinaria vitis Linneus.
No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINA—ASHMEAD. 353
7. LEPTOMASTIX Forster.
1856. Leptomastic FORSTER, Hym. Stud., II, p. 34.
(Type, Leptomastix histrio Mayr.)
1. LEPTOMASTIX DACTYLOPII Howard.
Leptomastix dactylopii HOWARD, Bull. No. 5, U. 8. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., 1885,
p. 36, female and male. Creo Syn. By th N. A., 1887, p. 239. Syrian
TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 253.
Type.—Cat. No. 2649, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—District of Columbia; West Indies; Gionsda:
Host.—Rhynch.: Dactylopius destructor Comstock.
2. LEPTOMASTIX HISTRIO Mayr.
Leptomasiix histrio Mayr, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, X XV, 1875, p. 730, female
and male.—DALuLa TorRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 253.
Habitat.—Europe.
8. DINOCARSIS Forster.
1856. Dinocarsis FORSTER, Hym. Stud., II, p. 33.
1857. Euscapus DAHLBOM, Ofvers. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Férh., XIV, p. 292.
(Type, Encyrtus hemipterus Dahlbom.)
1. DINOCARSIS THYRIDOPTERYGIS Ashmead.
Dinocarsis thyridopterygis ASHMEAD, Can. Ent., XVIII, 1886, p. 97, female.
CRESSON, Syn. Hym.N.A., p. 240.—DaLua Torre, Cat. Hym., V, p. 248.
Type.—Cat. No. 4727, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.—Florida: i acksonville.
Host.—Lepid.: Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis este,
9. ECTROMA Westwood.
1833. Ectroma WEstTWoop, Phil. Mag. (3), III, p. 344.
1834. Sphenolepis NrES, Ichn. Hym. Affin. Monogr., II, 1834, p. 256.
1856. dAglyptus FORSTER, Hym. Stud., II, p. 33.
(Type, Lupelmus rufus Dalman. )
1. ECTROMA AMERICANUM Howard.
Ectroma americanum Howard, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1898, p. 248, female.
Type.—Cat. No. 3852, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—New Mexico: Mesilla.
2. ECTROMA DUNENSE Six.
Etroma dunense Six, Tijdschr. v. Ent., XIX, 1876, p. 134, pl. v1, fig. 2—DaLLa
ToRR#, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 238.
Habitat.—Kurope: Bavaria.
3. ECTROMA MADERENSE Walker.
Ectroma maderense WALKER, Notes on Chalcid., Pt. 7, p. 116, female.—DaLLa
TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 238.
Habitat.—Africa: Madeira.
354 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII,
4. ECTROMA PYGMAUM Nees.
Sphenolepis pygmea NEES, Ichn, Hym. affin. Monogr., II, 1834, p. 256, female.— 3
DaLLa TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 249.
Habitat.—Kurope.
5. ECTROMA REATE Walker.
Encyrtus reate WALKER, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., XX, 1847, p. 22, male.—
CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p 239.—DaLia ToRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, —
p. 262.
Habitat.— Florida.
6. ECTROMA RUFUM Dalman.
Eupelmus? rufus DALMAN, Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, p. 383, female.
? Hupelmus rufescens Nees, Hym. Ichn. affin. Monogr., II, 1834, p. 80.
? Ectroma rufescens NEES, Hym. Ichn. affin. Monogr., II, 1834, p. 420, male.
Encyrtus lindus WALKER, Ent. Mag., IV, 1837, p. 451, female. -
Ectroma rufus WESTWOOD, Intrs. Mod. Class. Ins., II, 1840, Syn., p. 72, male.
Aglyptus lindus FORSTER, Hym. Stud., IT, 1856, p. 36.
Dicelloceras rufescens S1x, Tijdschr. v. Ent., X, 1867, p. 221, pl. 10, fig. K.
? Ectroma rufescens WALKER, Notes on Chalc., Pt. 5, 1872, pp. 74, 78, fig.; The
Entomologist, VI, 1872, p. 131, fig.
Ectroma rufa THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 126.
Ectroma rufum Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges., XXV, 1875, p. 767, female. —DaLLa
TorRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 258.
Habitat.—EKurope.
10. ANAGYRUS Howard. ~
1896. Anagyrus HowaRp, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X VIII, p. 638.
(Type, Anagyrus greenii Howard.)
1. ANAGYRUS GREENII Howard.
Anagyrus greenii Howarp, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X VIII, 1896, p. 639, female and
male.—DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 266.
Type.—Cat. No. 3257, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Ceylon.
Host.—Rhynch.: Maskellia zonata Green.
2. ANAGYRUS PALLIDIPES Ashmead, new species.
Male.—Length, 1.8 mm. Black, with some sparse silvery hairs on
thorax above and on metapleura; antenne black but the club is wholly
white and there is a white annulus at apex of the scape; the latter has
a very broad leaf-like expansion beneath; legs, except the hind coxe,
brownish-yellow; wings hyaline, the venation brown.
Type.—Cat. No, 4728, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.—District of Columbia.
3. ANAGYRUS PULCHER Ashmead.
Dinocarsis pulcher ASHMEAD, Ent. Amer., IV, 1888, p. 17, female.—DALLA TORRE,
Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 248. :
Type.—Cat. No. 4729, U.S.N.M. (Ashinead collection.)
Habitat.—Florida.
No. 1202, GENERA OF THE ENCYRTIN/—ASHMEAD. 355
4. ANAGYRUS PULCHRICORNIS Howard.
Cerchysius pulchricornis HowarRD, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., XXV, p. 87, fe-
male.—DaALLa TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 244.
Type in British Museum.
Habitat—West Indies: St. Vincent.
5: ANAGYRUS TEREBRATUS Howard.
Cerchysius terebratus HOWARD, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., XXV, 1894, p. 87,
female and male.—DALLa TorRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 244.
Type in British Museum.
Habitat.—West Indies: St. Vincent.
11. ANUSIA Forster.
1856. Anusia FORSTER, Hym. Stud., II, p. 32.
(Type, Ectroma fulvescens Westwood. )
1. ANUSIA FULVESCENS Westwood.
Ectroma fulvescens WESTWOOD, Phil. Mag. (3), IIL, 1838, p. 344.
Anusia nasicornis FORSTER, Verh. naturh. Ver. pr. Rheinl., XVIII, 1860, p. 183,
female.
Anusia austriaca FORSTER, Verh. naturh. Ver. Rheinl., XVIII, 1860, p. 133, female.
Anusia fulvescens Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, p. 769, female.
Habitat.—EKurope.
2. ANUSIA HEYDENII Mayr.
Anusia heydeniti Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, p. 770, female.—
Daya ToRRE Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 237.
Habitat.—Kurope.
3. ANUSIA NEOMEXICANA Ashmead, new species.
Female.—Length, 1.65mm. Ferruginous, with metallic or violaceous
reflections, and clothed with a silvery pubescence; scutellum croceous;
mesopleura posteriorly golden, the metapleura clothed with a dense sil-
very pile; hind legs brown, the cox violaceous. Flagellum compressed
fusiform, not longer than the large foliaceously dilated scape, black; all
the funicle joints are wider than long. Seape and pedicel reddish-
brown.
Type.—Cat. No. 4730, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat——_New Mexico: Las Cruces.
Described from a single specimen taken by Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell.
12. HENICOPYGUS Ashmead, new genus.
(Type, Henicopygus subapterus. )
Allied to Meromyzobia and EHricydnus, but differs decidedly in the
much larger, broader head, in having the lateral ocelli much farther
away from the eye margin, the flagellum broader, strongly compressed,
356 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX.
the axille separated, not meeting at base of the scutellum, while the
abdomen is strongly compressed, a little longer than the tend and tho-
rax united, with a prominent, exserted ovipositor and a large, promi-
nent lanceolate hypopygium, which projects far beyond the tip of the
abdomen. Wings much abbreviated, hardly developed.
1. HENICOPYGUS SUBAPTERUS Ashmead, new species.
Female.—Length, 2-2.5 mm.; to tip of ovipositor, about 3 mm.
Ground color of head, thorax, and legs is ferruginous, but the head
above the antenne, including the vertex, and the thorax above are
bronzed or metallic brown; the mesopleura superiorly show a decided
violaceous tinge, while the abdomen is black above, blue-black beneath;
the ovipositor black at apex, whitish on basal two-thirds.
The small joints, upon which the antenne are inserted, are unusually
long, well developed, black; scape brownish-yellow, the pedicel and
flagellum black. Wings very short, scarcely developed, and not extend-
ing to the apex of the first abdominal segment, brown, but with a white
transverse band near the middle.
Type.—Cat. No. 5083, U.S.N.M. (Carl I’. Baker collection.)
Habitat.--Colorado.
13. BEHOCHARIS Mayr.
1875. Beocharis Mayr, Verh, Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XV, p. 767.
(Type, Bwocharis pascuorum Mayr. )
1. BHXOCHARIS PASCUORUM Mayr.
Baocharis pascuorum (FORSTER) Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875,
p. 768, female and male.—VOLLENHOVEN, Pinacogr., 1878, p. 55, pl. 35, fig.
9.—WACHTL, Wien. ent. Zeitg., I, 1882, p. 298.—DaLLa TorRE, Cat. Hym.,
V,. 1898, p. 239.
Habitat.—EKurope.
The species Bwocharis marlatti Ashmead, is an Aphelinine and does
not belong here.
°
14. STENOTERYS Thomson.
1875. Stenoterys THOMSON, Hym. Skanu., IV, pp. 115, 128.
(Type, Stenoterys orbitalis Thomson.)
This genus is unknown to mein nature, and is included in my table
from Thomson’s description alone. It seems to come very close to
Leptomastix Forster.
1. STENOTERYS ORBITALIS Thomson.
Stenoterys orbitalis THoMson, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 129, female and male.—
DaLua TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 238
Habitat.—Europe.
‘
;
NO. 1262. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINA—ASHMEAD. 357
15. TETRACNEMOIDEA Howard.
1898. Tetracnemoidea HOWARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXI, p. 232.
(Type, Tetracnemoidea australiensis Howard. )
1. TETRACNEMOIDEA AUSTRALIENENSIS Howard.
Tetracnemoidea australiensis HOwARD, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXI, p. 232, female
and male.
Type.—Cat. No. 5022, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Australia: Sidney.
Host.—Rhynch.: Dactylopius sp. on Pittsporum.
16. TETRACNEMUS Westwood.
1837. Tetracnemus WESTWOOD, Mag. Nat. Hist., I, p. 258.
(Type, Tetracnemus diversicornis Westwood. )
1. TETRACNEMUS DIVERSICORNIS Westwood.
Tetracnemus diversicornis WESTWOOD, Mag. Nat. Hist., I, 1857, p. 258, male, fig. 25,—
WESTWOOD, Intro. Mod.Class. Ins., IJ, 1840, synop., p.73.—HOWaARD, Ins. Life,
III, 1890, p. 149, fig. 21.—HowarbD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 363.—
DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 230.
Habitat.--EKurope: England, Germany (Ashmead).
17. HABROLEPOIDEA Howard.
1894. Habrolepoidea Howarp, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., XXV, p. 89.
(Type, Habrolepoidea glauca Howard.)
1. HABROLEPOIDEA GLAUCA Howard.
Habrolepoidea glauca HOWARD, Journ. Linn. Soc, Lond Zool., XXV, p. 90, female.—
DaLua TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 240.
Type.—Cat. No. 2717, U.S.N.M.; also in British Museum.
Habitat.—West Indies: St. Vincent.
18. TETRALOPHIELLUS Ashmead, new genus.
(Type, Tetralophiellus brevicollis. )
This genus is allied to Tetracladia Howard, but may be easily sepa-
rated by the longer marginal vein, which is about three times as long
as the stigmal, by the axille, which meet at their inner basal angles,
and by the much shorter pronotum, which is scarcely visible from above.
1. TETRALOPHIELLUS BREVICOLLIS Ashmead, new species.
Male.—Length, 1.2 mm. Bronzed green, the mesopleura bluish or
purplish; legs brown-black, all tibise with a white annulus at base,
the tips of anterior and middle tibiz and all tarsi, except the last joint,
whitish. The antennie are black, with funicle joints 1-4 each, fur-
nished with a long, hairy branch. Head shagreened, the mesonotum
scaly-punctate, the scutellim smoother but with delicate reticulate
lines. Wings hyaline, the veins brown.
Type.—Cat. No. 4731, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.—Florida: Jacksonville.
358 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, X81,
19.. TETRACLADIA Howard.
Raden, Sila ? és
1892. Tetracladia HowARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, p. 367.
(Type, Tetracladia terana Howard.)
1. TETRACLADIA GRACILIS Howard.
Tetracladia gracilis HOWARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 368, male.—DALLA
TorRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 230.
Type.—Cat. No. 1486, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.—Florida.
2. TETRACLADIA TEXANA Howard.
Tetracladia tecanad HOWARD, Prac. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 367, male.—DALLA
ToRRE, Cat. Hym., V, p. 280.
Type.—Cat. No. 1485, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Texas.
20. TETRACNEMOPSIS Ashmead, new genus.
(Type, Tetracnemus westwoodii Cockerell. )
Differs from Tetracnemus Westwood in having the marginal vein fully
twice as long as thick, about half the length of the stigmal, the post-
marginal vein developed, the pronotum transverse linear, the scutellum
longer than the mesonotum, while the axille meet just in front of the
seutellum.
The female, which was unknown to Cockerell, has the head, seen from
in front, longer than wide, the eyes large, the face and forehead nar-
rowed; the antenn are 11-jointed, inserted close to the clypeus with a
distinet carina between, the scape obclavate, the flagellum clavate, the
club enlarged, ovate, thrice as thick as the funicle; while the hypopyg-
ium is prominent, plowshare shaped, and projects considerably beyond
the tip of abdomen. ;
The pedicel and first four joints of funicle are white, the scape, last
two joints of funicle and the club, dark brown.
1. TETRACNEMOPSIS WESTWOODII Cockerell.
Tetracnemus westwooditi COCKERELL, Can. Ent., XXX, 1898, p. 224, male.
Cotype (nale).—Cat. No. 4847, U.S.N.M.
Type (female).—Cat. No. 4732, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Colorado: Fort Collins. (C. P. Giilette.) ,
21. PENTACNEMUS Howard.
1892. Pentacnemus HOWARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, p. 366.
(Type, Pentacnemus bucculatricis Howard.)
1. PENTACNEMUS BUCCULATRICIS Howard.
Pentacnemus bucculatricis HOWARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 366.—DaLLa
TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 230.
No, 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINEA—ASHMEAD. 859
Type.—Cat. No. 1488, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Missouri.
Host.—Lepid.: Bucculatrix thuiella Packard.
22. HABROLEPOPTERYX Ashmead, new genus.
(Type, Psilophrys pulchripennis Ashmead. )
The colorational pattern of the front wings in this genus is similar
to that in Habrolepis Forster, but otherwise there is not a particle of
affinity between the two genera, since structurally they are widely
separated.
The species was originally described in the genus Psilophrys on
account of the long head. It has, however, no relation whatever with
.that genus, not even belonging to the same tribe.
The rather full structural characters given in my table render a fuller
description here unnecessary, since no one could go astray in placing
so characteristic a genus.
1. HABROLEPOPTERYX PULCHRIPENNIS Ashmead.
Psilophrys pulchripennis ASHMEAD, Ent. Amer., IV, 1888, p. 16, female.—DALLA
TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 253.
Type.—Cat. No. 4733, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.—Florida: Jacksonville.
tribe Le EN CYR IN Tt.
23. ENCYRTUS Latreille.
1809. Encyrtus LATREILLE, Gen. Crust. et Ins., IV, p. 31.
1856. Hucomys FORSTER, Hym. Stud., II, p. 32.
1856. Comys FORSTER, Hym. Stud., p. 144.
1898. Hucomys DALLA ToRRE, Cat. Hym., V, p. 239.
(Type, Chrysis infidus Rossi=Comys scutellata Swederus. )
1. ENCYRTUS ALBICOXA Ashmead.
Comys albicora ASHMEAD, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., XII, 1885, Proc., p. xvi, female and
male.—CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 239.
Eucomys albicora DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 239.
Type.—Cat. No. 4734, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.—Florida: Jacksonville.
Host.—Rhynech.: Dactylopius adonidum Linneus.
2. ENCYRTUS ALBITARSIS Zetterstedt.
Encyrtus albitarsis ZETTERSTEDT, Ins. Lappon., I, 1838, p. 482, female.
Comys albitarsis MAYR, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, p. 741, female.—
VOLLENHOVEN, Pinacogr., 1879, p.55, female; pl. xxxv, fig. 3.
Eucomys albitarsis DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 239.
Habitat.— Europe.
Host.—Kthynech.: Lecanium sp.
360 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX11
3. ENCYRTUS BICOLOR Howard.
Comys bicolor HOWARD, Rep. U.S. Dept. Agric., 1880-81, p. 362, female and male;
pl. xx1u, fig. 3.—CREsson, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 239.—DaLLa Torre,
Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 239.
Type.—Cat. No. 2606, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.— United States: Canada; West Indies (prenada).
Host.—Rhyneh.: Lecanium henpenrdan Linneeus.
4. ENCYRTUS FUSCA Howard.
Comys fusca HOWARD, Rep. U. 8. Dept. Agric., 1880-81, p. 363, female and male.—
CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 239.—DaLLa ToRRE, Cat. Hym.,V, 1898,
p. 239.
Chiloneurus maculatipennis PROVANCHER, Add. Fn. Can. Hym., 1887, p. 208,
female.—DALLa TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 242.
Type.—-Cat. No. 2607, U.S.N.M.
Habitat._United States; Canada.
Host.--Rhynch.: Lecaniwm sp.
5. ENCYRTUS INFIDUS Rossi.
Chrysis infidus Rossi, Fauna Etrusca, II, 1790, p. 80.
Chrysis? infida ILLIGER, Fauna Etrusca, 2d ed., II, 1807, p. 128.
Encyrtus infidus LATREILLE, Gen. Crus. and Ins., IV, 1809, p.31.—SpPinowa, Ann.
Mus. Hist. Nat., XVII, 1811, p. 149.
Cynipsillum Anson, Lamarck, Hist. Nat. Anim. s. Vertr., IV, 1817, p. 157.
Encyrtus infidus LEPELETIER, Encycl. Mith. Ins., X, 1825, p. 66.
Cynipsillum infidum LAMARCK, Encycl. Mith. Ins., 2 ed., IV, 1835, p. 368.
Encyrtus infidus BLANCHARD, Hist. Nat. Ins., IIT, 1840, p. 275.—DaLia Torre, Cat.
Hym., V, 1898, p. 259.
Pteromalus scutellatus SWEDERUS, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XVI, 1895, p. 218.
Encyrtus scutellaris DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, pp. 150, 370,
pl. xx, figs. 57, 58.—CurtIs, Brit. Ent., [X, 1832, p. 895.—Nures, Hym. Ichn.
Affin. Monog., II, 1834, p. 221.—WaALKER, Ent. Mag., V, 1857, p. 104, female.—
ZETTERSTEDT, Ins. Lappon, I, 1838, p. 432.—WeEsTWoobD, Intro. Mod. Class.
Ins., 1840, Synop., p. 73.—RATZEBURG, Ichn. d. Forstins., I, 1844, p. 212.—
KAWALL, Stettin. Ent. Zeitg., XVI, 1855, p. 231. = Tromson, Hym. Skand.,
IV, 1875, p. 119, female and male.
Comys scutellata Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XX V, 1875, pp. 741, 742.
Eucomys scutellata DALLA-TOoRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 240.
Habitat.—Europe; North America.
Host.—Rhynch.: Lecanium aceris Bouché, L. coryli Geoffroy.
In my collection are several varieties, or what I take to be varieties,
of this species, as well as the typical form of Hncyrtus scutellatus Swe
derus taken in various parts of the United States.
6. ENCYRTUS LECANIORUM Mayr.
Eucomys lecaniorum (KOLLAR) FORSTER, Hym. Stud., II, 1856, pp. 6-34 [s. deser. ].
Comys lecaniorum Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, pp. 740, 741,
female.
Eucomys lecaniorum DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 239.
Habitat.—Europe; North America.
Host.—Rhynch.: Lecanium sp.
NO. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINAI—ASHMEAD. 361
7. ENCYRTUS OBSCURA Dalman.
Encyrtus obscura DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, p. 164, male.
Encyrtus scutellaris FONSCOLOMBE, Ann. Se. Nat., XX VI, 1832, p. 304.
Encyrtus longicornis FONSCOLOMBE, Ann. Sc. Nat., XX VI, 1832, p. 305.
Encyrtus obscurus NEES, Hym. Ichn. Affin. Monogr., IT, 1854, pp. 223, 434.
Encyrtus scutellaris NEES, Hym. Ichn. Affin. Monogr., IT, 1834, p. 433.
Encyrtus obscurus WALKER, Ent. Mag., V, 1837, p. 105, male.
Eucomys obscurus FORSTER, Hym. Stud., II, 1856, p. 34.
Comys obscrura Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, pp. 741, 742, female
and male.
Encyrtus obscura THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 120, female and male.
Eucomys obscura DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 239.
Habitat.—Kurope.
Host.—Rhynch.: Pulvinaria carpini Linnzeus.
8. ENCYRTUS SWEDERI Dalman.
Encyrtus swederi DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, pp. 152, 370,
female.
Encyrtus lunatus DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, p. 156, female.
Encyrtus hirticornis DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, p. 162.
Choreia vitis CURTIS, Guide, Arrange. Brit. Ins., 1829, p. 138.
Encyrtus vitis CURTIS, Brit. Ent., [X, 1832, p. 395, pl. cccoxcv.—HERRICH-SCHAEr-
FER, Faun. Ins. Germ., 1844, p. 184, pls. v, vi.
Encyrtus lunatus NEES, Hym. Ichn. Affin. Monoer., II, 1854, p. 203.—ZETTERSTEDT,
Ins. Lappon, J, 1838, p. 432, female.
Encyrtus hirticornis NEES, Hym. Ichn. Affin. Monogr., II,1834, p. 228.—BLANCHARD,
Hist. Nat. Ins., III, 1840, p. 275.
Encyrtus swederi RATZEBURG, Ichn. d. Forstins., III, 1852, p. 190,female.—GOUREAU, |
Ann. Soc. Ent. France (4), III, i863, Buil., p. iv.
Eucomys swederi FORSTER, Hym. Stud., II, 1856, p. 34.
Encyrtus swederi THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 121, female and male.
Comys swederi Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, pp. 741, 742, female
and male.—VALLENHOVEN, Pinacogr., 1879, p. 55, female and male; pl. xxxv,
tH IG he
Eucomys swederi DALLA ToRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 240.
Habitat.—EKurope.
Host.—Rhynch.: Pulvinaria vitis Linneus.
24. HOWARDIELLA Dalla Torre.
1897. Howardia DALLA ToRRE, Wien. Ent. Zeitg., XVI, p.86 (nec Targ-Tozg).
1898. Howardiella DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, p. 228.
(Type, Bothriothorax peckhami Ashmead. )
1. HOWARDIELLA PECKHAMI Ashmead.
Bothriothorax peckhami ASHMEAD, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., XIII, 1886, p. 132, female and
male.—CRESSON., Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 240.
Comys peckhami HowaRD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVII, 1895, p. 611.
Howardia peckhami DALLA TORRE, Wien. Ent. Zeitg., X VI, 1897, p. 86.
Howardiella peckhami DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, p. 228.
Type.—Cat. No. 4735, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.— Wisconsin.
362 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. '
25. PRIONOMASTIX Mayr.
1875. Prionomastiz Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XXV, p. 725.
1875. Liocarus THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, pp. 115, 121.
(Type, Hneyrtus morio Dalman.)
1. PRIONOMASTIX MORIO Dalman.
Encyrtus morio DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, p. 164, male.—
Negs, Ichn. Affin. Monogr., II, 1834, p. 229, male.
Prionomastix morio MAyYR, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, X XV, 1875, p. 726, male.
Liocarus morio THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 122, male.
Prionomastix morio DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 266.
Habitat.—Europe.
Tribe III. MIRINI.
26. PSILOPHRYS Mayr.
1875. Psilophrys Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XXV, p. 727.
(Type, Lncyrtus longicornis Walker. )
1. PSILOPHRYS LONGICORNIS Walker.
Encyrtus longicornis WALKER, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., XIX, 1847, p. 229, female.
Psilophrys longicornis Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, X XV, 1875, p. 728, female
and male.—DaLLa TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 253.
Habitat.— Europe.
Host.—Rhynch.: Lecanium sp.
2. PSILOPHRYS ARMATA Ashmead.
Psilophrys armatus ASHMEAD, Ent. Am., IV, 1888, p. 16, female and male.
Psilophrys armata DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 253.
Type.—Cat. No. 4736, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.—F lorida; Colorado.
3. PSILOPHRYS PALLIDIPES Ashmead.
Psilophrys pallipes ASHMEAD, Bull. No. 3, Kans. Exp. Sta., 1888, Append.,V, p. 1,
female.
Type.—Cat. No. 4737, U.S.N.M, (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.—Kansas: Manhattan.
27. PARA PSILOPHRYS Hovwjaird:
1898. Parapsilophrys HOWARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXI, p. 232.
(Type, Parapsilophrys gelechie Howard.)
1. PARAPSILOPHRYS GELECHIZ Howard.
Parapsilophrys gelechie Howard, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1898, p. 232, femal
and male.
Type.——Cat. No. 5023, U.S.N.M.
Habitat—_Wyoming: Jetsam.
Host.—Lepid.: Gelechia, sp. on cottonwood.
No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINA—ASHMEAD. 363
28. LIOTHORAX Mayr.
1875. Liothorax Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, p. 728.
(Type, Encyrtus glaphyra Walker.)
1. LIOTHORAX GLAPHYRA Walker.
Encyrtus glaphyra WALKER, Ent. Mag., IV, 1837, p. 454, male.
Liothorax glaphyra Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1895, p. 729, female
and male. —DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 54.
Habitat.—Hurope.
2. LIOTHORAX MELANOCERA Ashmead, new species.
Female.—Length, 1.66 mm. Head, thorax, except above, and the
mesopleura and abdomon eneous black; mesopleura bluish; mesonotum
and scutellum metallic green or cuperous, recticulates; head anteriorly
and on cheeks metallic; antenne long black; the scape long and slender,
the pedicel fully thrice as long as thick, obconical, flagelium subela-
vate, but slender, gently thickening toward club. Wings hyaline. Ovi-
positor slender, exserted fully one-half the length of abdomen. Legs
vary from an neous black to a metallic brown-black, with the knees
and the anterior and middle tarsi pale yellowish.
Type.—Cat. No. 4738, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.—District of Columbia.
29. LITOMASTIX Thomson.
1875. Litomastix THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, p. 171.
(Type, Encyrtus chalconotus Dalman.)
1. LITOMASTIX ANNELLUS Thomson.
Litomastix annellus THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 181, female.—DaLiLa
TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 244.
Habitat.-_-Europe: Sweden.
2. LITOMASTIX AURICOLLIS Thomson.
Litomastix auricollis THomson, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p.175, female and male.—
DALLA ToRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 245.
Habitat.—Europe: Sweden.
3. LITOMASTIX CHALCONOTUS Dalman.
Encyrtus chalconotus DALMAN, Svensk. Vet. -Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, p. 169, pl.
VIII, fig. 61.—NEEs, Hym. Ichn. Affin. Monog., IT, 1834, pp. 232, 434.
Encyrtus serriconis DALMAN, Hym. Ichn. Affin. Menog., II, 1820, p. 360, male.—
Nees, Hym. Ichn. Affin. Menog., II, 1834, p. 244.—WaLkkER, Ent. Mag., IV,
1857, p. 26, male.
Encyrtus mitreus WALKER, Ent. Mag., IV, 1839, p. 35, female.
Copidosoma chalconotus MAyYR, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, pp. 734, 735,
739.
Litomastix chaleonotus THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 173, female and male.—
DaLia TorRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 245.
364 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. [vou. xxm.
Habitat._Europe.
Host.—Lepid.: Depressaria nervosa Haworth, Hupithecia succenturiata
Linneeus, L. pimpinellata Hiibner, LH. oblongata Thunburg, L. lariciata
Freyer, Geometra galiaria Hiibner, G. rubidaria Fabricius, G. sinuaria
Hiibner, and Yortrix sp.
4. LITOMASTIX DIVERSICORNIS Howard.
Copidosoma diversicornis HowarD, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., X XV, 1894, p. 92,
female.—DaALua TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 243.
Type.—-Cat. No. 2719, U.S.N.M.; also in British Museum.
Habitat._West Indies: St. Vincent.
5. LITOMASTIX FILICORNIS Dalman.
Eneyritus filicornis DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, p. 351, female.—
NEES, Hym. Ichn. Affin. Monog., II, 1834, p. 241, female.
Eneyrtus didius WALKER, Ent. Mag., IV, 1837, p. 452, female.
Copidosoma ? filicornis FORSTER, Hym. Stud., II, 1856, p. 38.
Copidosoma filicorne Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, pp. 734, 735,
737, female and male.
Litomastix jfilicornis THOMSON, Hym. Skand., LV, 1875, p. 180, female and male.—
Data TorRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 245.
Habitat. Europe.
Host.—_Lepid.: Lita alsinella Zeller.
6. LITOMASTIX FLAGELLARIS Dalman.
Encyrtus flagellaris DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, p. 350,
female.—NirES, Hym. Ichn. Affin. Monogr., II, 1834, p. 240, female.
Eineyrtus anceus WALKER, Ent. Mag., IV, 1837, p. 452.
Eneyrtus tegularis RATZEBURG, Ichn. d. Forstins., III, 1852, p. 190.
Copidosoma flagellaris Forster, Hym. Stud., I, 1856, p. 38.
Copidosoma ? anceus FORSTER, Hym. Stud., II, 1856, p. 38.
Copidosoma flagellare MAyR, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XX V, 1875, pp. 734, 737.—
WacHTL, Wien. Ent. Zeit., I, 1882, p. 297, female.
Litomastix flagellaris THOMSON, rien m. Skand., lv, 1875, p. 179, female and male.—
DaLua TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 245.
Habitat.—Europe.
Host.—Lepid.: Cerostoma radiatella Donovan.
7. LITOMASTIX FUSCISQUAMA Thomson.
Litomastix fuscisquama THomMson, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 177, female and
male.—DaLLa TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 245.
Habitat.—KEurope: Sweden.
8. LITOMASTIX GENALIS Thomson.
Litomastix genalis THoMsON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 178, female and male. —
Darya TorRE, Cat. Hym., IV, 1898, p. 245.
Habitat.—Europe: Sweden.
9g. LITOMASTIX LATIFRONS Thomson.
Titomastix latifrons THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 175, female and male.—
DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 245.
Habitat.—Kurope: Sweden. oe
NO. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINE—ASHMEAD. 365
10. LITOMASTIX PHALAENARUM Thomson,
Litomastix phalaenarwnm Titomson, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 175, female and
male.— DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 245. °
Habitat.—Kurope: Sweden.
11. LITOMASTIX STYLATA Thomson.
Litomastia stylata THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 180, male.--DaLLa ToRRE,
Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 245.
Habitat.——Kurope: Sweden.
12. LITOMASTIX TRIANGULARIS Thomson.
Litomastix triangularis THoMson, Hym. Skand., IVY, 1875, p. 177, female and
male.—DaLiLa ToRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 246.
Habitat.—Kurope: Sweden.
13. LITOMASTIX TRUNCATULA Thomson.
Litomastix truncatula THOMSON, Hym. Skand., LV, 1875, p. 173, female and male.—
DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 246.
Habitat.—Europe: Sweden.
14. LITOMASTIX UNGULARIS Thomson.
Litomastix ungularis THomson, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 176, female.—Da Lua
TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 246.
Habitat.—Europe: Sweden.
30. BERECYNTUS Howard.
1898. Berecyntus HowarbD, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXI, p. 238.
(Type, Berecyntus bakeri Howard.)
1. BERECYNTUS BAKERI Howard.
Berecyntus bekeri HOwARD, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1898, p. 238, female.
Type.—Cat. No. 5030, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—-Colorado.
2. BERECYNTUS FLORIDANUS Ashmead, new species.
Female.__Length, 0.08 mm. Head and thorax above metallic or
bronzy green, the thorax on sides and beneath dark blue-black, the
head above more or less purplish, legs black or brown-black, the
knees, tips of tibize, and tarsi, except terminal joint, honey-yellow,
the middle tibial spur and middle tarsi whitish. Antenne brown-
black, its pedicel at tip piceous; flagellum clavate, sparsely hairy, not
longer than the scape; the funicle joints all short,wider than long, and
gradually widening to the ciub, the latter rather large half the length
of the funicle. Wings hyaline, the veins blackish, the marginal vein a
little longer than thick, the stigmal vein scarcely longer but. much
slenderer, the postmarginal vein wanting or only slightly developed.
Type.—Cat. No. 4850, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.—Florida: Biscayne Bay. Mrs. Annie T. Slosson.
366 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XU.
31. COPIDOSOMA Ratzeburg.
1844. Copidosoma RATZEBURG, Ichn. d. Forstins., I, p. 157.
(Type, Copidosoma boucheanum Ratzeburg.,
1. COPIDOSOMA CELAEN Howard.
Copidosoma celaenw HowARrD, Bull. No. 5, U.S. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., 1885, p. iil,
female and male.—CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p.239.—DaLLa TORRE,
Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 242.
Type.—Cat. No. 2630, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Missouri; Ohio.
Host.—Lepid.: Celaena renigera.
2. COPIDOSOMA GELECHIZ Howard.
Copidosoma gelechivw HowARD, Bull. No.5, U.S. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., 1885, p. 10,
female and male.—CRESSON, Syn. Hym.N. A., 1887, p. 239.—DaLLA TORRE,
Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 243.
Type.—Cat. No. 2628, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—District of Columbia.
Host.—Lepid.: Gelechia galle-solidaginis Riley.
3. COPIDOSOMA INTERMEDIUM Howard.
Copidosoma intermedium HOwaARD, Bull. No. 5, U. S. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., 1885,
p. 12, female and male.—CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 239.—DaLLa
TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 243.
Type.—Cat. No. 2631, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—New Jersey; Missouri.
Host.—Lepid.: Gelechia galle-asterella Kellicott.
4. COPIDOSOMA PYRALIDIS Ashmead.
Encyrtus pyralidis ASHMEAD, Ent. Amer., IV, 1888, p. 15, female.—DALLA TORRE,
Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 262.
Coptdosoma variegatum HOWARD, Ins. Life, I, 1888, p. 197, female. —DaLua TORRE,
Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 243.
Type.—Cat. No. 1478, U.S.N.M. (variegatum Howard).
Type.—Cat. No. 4739, U.S.N.M. (pyralidis Ashmead). (Ashmead col-
lection.)
Habitat.—Maryland; District of Columbia.
Host.—Lepid.: Anarsia lineatella Zeller.
5. COPIDOSOMA TRUNCATELLUM Dalman.
Encyrtus truncatellum DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, p. 168.
Cynips agrotis FONSCOLOMBE, Sun. Sc. Nat., XX VI, 1832, p. 295.
Encyrtus iruncatellis NEES, Hym. Ichn. Affin. Monogr., II, 1834, p. 232.
Eneyrtus atheas WALKER, Ent. Mag., V, 1837, p.37, female.
Eneyrtus truncatellus WALKER, Ent. Mag., p. 38.—RATZEBURG, Ichn. d. Forstins.,
~ J, 1844, p. 213; LIT, 1852, p. 190.
Copidosoma truncatellum Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XXV, pp. 734,
739, female.—F1Tcu, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, Proc., p. xxi.—RILEY, Rep.
U.S. Entom. Com., 1883, p. 131, pl. x1, fig. 4.
x 3
NO. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINA—ASHMEAD. 367
(?) Litomastix truncatellus THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 174, female and
male.—DaALLA TorRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 246.
Habitat.—Europe; North America.
Host.—Lepid.: Zeuzera aesculi Linneus, Thera variata Schiff, Agro-
tis fumosa Hiibner, Hadena polyodon Linneus, Leucania albipuncta
Fabricius, Plusia concha Fabricius, P. deawrata Esper, P. moneta Fab-
ricius, P. festuce Linneus, P. jota Linneus, Catocala electa Borkhausen,
Hupithecia absynthiata Clerck.
6. COPIDOSOMA TURNI Packard.
Encyrtus turnt PACKARD, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XXI, 1881, p. 32, female
and male.—CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1857, p. 239.
Copidosoma turni HowARD, Scudders’ Butterflies, East. U. 8., 1889, p. 1888,
female and male; pl. LXxxIXx, fig.5.—DaLua TorRE, Cat. Hym., V, p. 243.
Habitat.—New Hampshire.
Host.—Lepid.: Papilio turnus Linneus, Jasoniades glaucus Linnzeus.
7. COPIDOSOMA VAGUM Howard.
Copidosoma vagum HowarbD, Bull. No.5, U.S. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., 1885, p. 11,
female and male.—CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p.239.—DALLA TORRE,
Cat. Hym.,V, 1898, p. 243.
Type.—Cat. No. 2629, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Missouri.
Host.—Lepid.: Gelechia pseudacaciella Chambers.
382. PRIONOMITUS Mayr.
1875. Prionomitus Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, p. 701.
(Type, Encyrtus mitratus Dalman.)
1. PRIONOMITUS MITRATUS Dalman.
Encyrtus mitratus DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, p. 352, female.
Encyrtus chlorinus DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Hand]., XLI, 1820, p
Encyrtus mitratus Nexs, Ichn. affin. Monoer., II, 1834, p. 242.
Encyrtus chlorinus NEES, Ichn. affin. Monogr., IT, 1834, p. 248.
Encyrtus mitratus Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, pp. 710, 721,
female.
Prionomitus chlorinus MAyYR, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, p. 701, maie.
Microterys mitratus THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 162, female and male.—
DALLA ToRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 235.
Habitat.—EKurope.
2. PRIONOMITUS TILIARIS Dalman.
Encyrtus tiliaris DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, p. 171.—NEEs,
Hym. affin. Monoer., II, 1834, p. 235.
Encyrtus conifere WALKER, Ent. Mag., IV, 1837, p. 461, female and male.
Encyrtus liliaris Mayk, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, X XV, 1875, pp. 711, 722, female.
Microterys tiliaris THomson, Hym. Skand., 1V, 1875, p. 163.—DALLA TorRE, Cat.
Hym., V, 1898, p. 236.
Habitat.—Europe; North America.
368 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXU. H
33. ARCHINUS Howard.
1896. Archinus Howarp, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., XX VI, p. 155.
(Type, Archinus occupatus Howard.)
1. ARCHINUS OCCUPATUS Howard.
Archinus occupatus Howarp, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., XX VI, 1896, p. 155,
female.
Type in British Museum.
Habitat.—West Indies: Grenada.
34. PARENCYRTUS Ashmead, new genus.
(Type, Parencyrtus brasiliensis Ashmead. )
Allied to Epiencyrtus (Hneyrtus Mayr and others), but the outer tooth
of the mandibles is long, acute; the eyes large, oval, and very hairy;
the flagellum long, pilose, the pedicel being fully three times as long
as thick, subeylindrical, the first joint of the funicle very long, longer
than the pedicel; the marginal vein is as long or almost as long as the
stigmal, while the postmarginal vein is much longer than the marginal.
1. PARENCYRTUS BRASILIENSIS Ashmead, new species.
Female.-—Length, 1.6 mm.; to tip of wings, 2 mm. Blue; meso-
pleura and coxe wneous black; scutellum and ridge of the metapleura
with a strong metallic tinge; abdomen neous; scape, club of antennie,
and legs, brownish yellow; the pedicel and funicle brown; the extreme
base of anterior and middle femora blackish or dusky; wings sub-
fuscous. |
The head has a few sparse punctures on the forehead and a row along
the inner margin of the eyes. The antenne are inserted rather close
to the mouth border and widely apart, with a prominent ridge between.
The mesonotum is smooth impunctured, as long as the scutellum. The
latter, except the axilla, being shagreened, strongly metallic, and con-
trasts greatly with the smooth, blue surface of the mesonotum. Meta-
notum very short, the pleura bare, bronzed green. Abdomen sub-
triangular, depressed, shorter than the thorax.
Habitat.—Brazil: Chapada. September. (H. H. Smith collection.)
35. MIRA Schellenberg.
1803. Mira SCHELLENBERG, Genres des mouch. Dipt., p. 68.
1809. Hneyrtus LATREILLE (part), Gen. Crus. et Ins., IV, p. 31.
1855. Dicellocerus MENZEL, Stettin. Ent. Zeitg., XVI, p. 270.
1856. Huryscapus FORSTER, Hym. Stud., II, p. 32.
1857. Lonchocerus DAHLBOM, Ofvers. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Forh., XIV, p. 293.
(Type, Mira macrocera Schellenberg.)
1. MIRA MACROCERA Schellenberg.
Mira macrecera SCHELLENBERG, Genres des mouch. Dipt., 1803, pp. 68, 69.
Mira mucora SCHELLENBERG, Genres des mouch. Dipt., pl. x1v.
Eneyrtus macrocera LATREILLE, Gen. Crus. et Ins., IV, 1809, p. 31.
No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTIN £A—ASHMEAD. 369
Encyrtus platycerus DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., X LI, 1820, p. 566.—NXEES,
Ichn. affin. Monogr., I, 1854, p. 254.
Dicellocerus vibrans MENZEL, Stettin. Ent. Zeitg., XVI, 1855, pp. 270-274, pl. 1.
Euryscapus platycerus FORSTER, Hym. Stud., IT, 1856, p. 35.
Encyrtus vibrans RurTHE, Stettin. Ent. Zeitg., X VII, 1856, p. 46.
Mira macrocera FOrsTER, Verh. d. naturh. Ver. pr. Rheinl., XVII, 1860, p. 135,
female and male.
Lonchocerus platycerus THOMSON, Hym. Skand., 1V, 1875, p. 130, female.
Mira macrocera Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, p. 771, female.—
DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 237.
Habitat.—Kurope.
2. MIRA SALTATOR Lindeman.
Euryscapus saltator LINDEMAN, Bull. Soc. Natural. Moscou (2), I, 1887, p. 190,
female and male.
Mira saltatoy DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 238.
Habitat.—Europe: Russia.
386. SPHAZAROPISTHUS Thomson.
1875. Sphwropisthus THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, pp. 116, 131.
(Type, Spharopisthus pascuoru nm Thomson. )
1. SPHAROPISTHUS PASCUORUM Thomson.
Spheropisthus pascuorum THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 152, female and
male.—DALLA ToRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 238.
Habitat.—Hurope: Sweden.
2. SPHAZROPISTHUS ANNULICORNIS Ashmead, new species.
Male.—Length, 1.6 mm. Head and thorax a¥ove. aeneous green;
scutellum orange-red; prothorax at sides and beneath, mesopleura,
pectus and legs, ferruginous; abdomen aeneous black, with rigid hairs
especially toward apex; antenne long, the scape long, slender, sub-
clavate, with the pedicel pale ferruginous; flagellum subclavate, gradu-
ally thickened toward apex, subcompressed, clothed with a short dense
pubescence, black, with joints 4, 5, and 6 snow white. Head pune-
tate, as seen from in front elongate, about twice as long as wide, as
seen from above semiglobose, the eyes slightly convergent above, the
vertex narrower than the face anteriorly; hind ocelli rather close
together, the front ocellus being more than twice as far from the hind
ocelli than the space between them. Metapleura clothed with a rather
dense silvery pubescence. Wings hyaline, with a discal cloud beneath
the marginal vein and an acuate band just before the apex.
Type.—Cat. No. 4848, U.S.N.M. (Ashimead collection.)
Habitat.—F lorida: Jacksonville.
3. SPHAZROPISTHUS AURICEPS Ashmead, new species.
Female.—Length, 1.3mm. Ground color pale ferruginous, the head
on vertex and anteriorly to scrobes gold-green, mesonotum and scutel-
lum green with a bluish sheen; legs ferruginous, the middle tibie
Proce, N. M. vol. xxii—— 24
370 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXI |
dark fuseous, their tarsi white; wings hyaline with a large fuscous |
cloud beneath the marginal vein; abdomen yellowish at basal third,
aeneous black beyond and ending in a slender ovipositor which is about
one-half the length of the abdomen. (Autenne broken off.)
Type.—Cat. No. 4849, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.—Florida: Fort George Island.
37. CHESTOMORPHA Ashmead, new genus.
(Type, Chestomorpha biformis Ashmead. )
Head and thorax similar to Aphycus, the frons broad, convex, the
ocelli arranged in a triangle, the lateral ocelli as far from the eye mar-
gin as to the front ocellus. Hyes oval, bare, a little longer than the
malar space. Mandibles tridentate. Seutellum much longer than the
pronotum, the latter short, abrupt anteriorly. Front wings in male
clear hyaline, in female with a substigmal blotch or fascia; the mar-
ginal vein is very short, the stigmal vein fully twice as long as the
marginal or longer, while the postmarginal is well developed, consider-
ably longer than the stigmal. Antenne 11-jointed, the flagellum in
female subclavate, the funicle joints, or at least joints 3 to. 6, wider than
long; in male the flagellum is filiform, stout, the joints nearly thrice as
long as thick.
1. CHESTOMORPHA BIFORMIS Ashmead, new species.
Female.—Length, 1.8 mm. TFerruginous; eyes, ocelli, flagellum,
metanotum more or less, a large spot on dorsum of abdomen, and the
middle and hind tarsi, black. Wings hyaline, the front pair with a
fuscous discoidal blotch or band beneath the marginal and stigmal
veins. :
The male differs from the female in being much more robust and
almost entirely black; scape brown; front legs with apices of their
femora, tibie and tarsi, honey-yeilow; middle tibial spurs and first joint
of tarsi, white; tegule, pale. Wings hyaline, without a discoidal |
blotch, the marginal and stigmal veins brown.
Type.—Cat. No. 4740, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.—New Mexico: Las Cruces. (T. D. A. Cockerell.)
388. FNASIUS Walker.
1846. dAinasius WALKER, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., XVII, p. 180.
(Type, Anasius hyettus Walker.)
1. ZHNASIUS HYETTUS Walker.
Encyrtus (Ainasius) hyettus WALKER, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., XVII, 1846, p.
181, female.
dinasius hyettus HOwARD, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., XXV, 1894, p. 89, female
and male.—DaLuLa TorRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 229.
Habitat.— West Indies: Grenada, St. Vincent.
No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINA—ASHMEAD. 371
2. AANASIUS CHAPAD Ashmead, new species.
-Female.—Length, 1 mm. Robust, short and broad, very little longer
than wide. Head blue, thorax above blue-black, beneath ceneous black;
abdomen metallic eneous; scape within and at tip, and the funicle pale
brown, rest of scape and the club brown-black; legs dark brown, the
tarsi light brown or yellowish; wings subfuscous.
The head is covered with a close, thimble-like punctuation, ciear to
the scrobes, which are short; the eyes are large, long-oval, and pubes-
cent; the scape has the characteristic leaf-like expansion beneath; the
funicle is short, the joints, except possibly the first, which is small and
moniliform, are wider than long and increase in width to the club, the
latter being very large and as long as the funicle and very much
thicker. The thorax is similar to that in A. hyettus Walker, except
that mesonotum has the thimble-like punctuation similar to that of the
head, only less distinctly impressed; the scutellum is large, about twice
as long as the mesonotum, with the punctuation almost obsolete.
Habitat.—Brazil: Chapada. (H. H. Smith collection.)
389. CHALCASPIS Howard.
1895. Chalcaspis HOWARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X VII, p. 606.
(Type, Chalcaspis pergandei Howard. )
1. CHALCASPIS PERGANDEI Howard.
Chalcaspis pergandei HOwARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVII, 1895, p. 605.—DaLua
ToRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 227.
Type.—Cat. No. 2692, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—District of Columbia.
40. BOTHRIOTHORAX Ratzeburg.
1844. Bothriothoraz RATZEBURG, Ichn. d. Forstins., I, p. 209.
1856. Sceptrophorus FORSTER (part), Hym. Stud., II, p. 34, male.
1857. Trimorphocerus DAHLBOM, Ofvers. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Férh., XIV, p. 292.
(Type, Eneyrtus clavicornis Dalman. )
1. BOTHRIOTHORAX CALIFORNICUS Howard.
Bothriothorax californicus HOWARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVII, 1895, p. 609,
female.—DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 227.
Type.—Cat. No. 2694, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.— California.
Host.—Dipt.: Catabomba pyrastri Linneus.
2. BOTHRICTHORAX INSULARIS Howard.
Bothriothorax insularis HOWARD, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., XX VI, 1896, p. 147,
female and male.—DatLua Torre, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 228.
Type in British Museum.
Halitat.—West Indies: Grenada.
BT2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. Xxt i
3. BOTHRIOTHORAX MACROGLENES Ashmead.
Bothriothorax macroglenes ASUMEAD, Bull. No. 3, Kans. Exp. Sta., 1888, App., p. vy.
Type in Kansas State Agricultural College.
Habitat.—Kansas: Riley County.
4. BOTHRIOTHORAX NIGRIPES Howard.
Bothriothorax nigripes HOWARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X VII, 1895, p. 610, female.—
DaLLa TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 228.
Type.—Cat. No. 2695, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Calitornia; New Mexico.
5. BOTHRIOTHORAX NOVEBORACENSIS Howard.
Bothriothorax noveboracensis HOWARD, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus.. XVII, 1895, p. 609,
female.—DaLuLa TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 228.
Type.—Cat. No, 2693, U.S.N.M.
Habitat—New York; New Hampshire.
6. BOTHRIOTHORAX PECULIARIS Howard.
Bothriothorax peculiaris Howarp, Bull. No. 5, U. S. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., 1885,
p- 20, female and male.—CreEsson, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p.240.—Howakrp,
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVII, 1895, p. 608.—DaALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym.,V, 1898,
p. 228.
Type.—Cat. No. 2646, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Virginia.
Host.—Dipt.: Syrphid larva.
7. BOTHRIOTHORAX PLANIFRONS Howard.
Bothriothorax planifrons HowaRb, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XVII, 1895, p. 611,
female.—Da Lua TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 228.
Type.—Cat. No. 2697, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—California.
8. BOTHRIOTHORAX ROTUNDIFORMIS Howard.
Bothriothorax rotundiformis HowaRpb, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XVII, 1895, p. 610,
female.— DaLLa Torre, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 228.
Type.—Cat. No. 2696, U.S.N.M.
Habitat—California.
9. BOTHRIOTHORAX VIRGINIENSIS Howard.
Bothriothorax virginiensis Howarp, Bull. No. 5, U. 8. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent.,
1885, p. 20, female.—Cresson, Syn. Hym.N. A., 1887, p. 240.—Howanrb, Proc.
U.S. Nat. Mus., XVII, 1895, p.608, female.—DaLLa TORRE, Cat. Hym., V,
1898, p. 228.
Type.—Cat. No. 2645, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.— Virginia.
so. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINS—ASEMEAD. 373
41. ARATUS Howard.
1896. Aratus IlowaRb, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., XX VI, p. 155.
(Type, Aratus scutellatus Howard. )
1. ARATUS SCUTELLATUS Howard.
Aratus scutellatus Howarpb, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., XX VI, 1896, p. 639,
female and male.—DaLiLa TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 266.
Type.— Cat. No. 3257, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—West Indies: Grenada.
42. PENTELICUS Howard.
1895. Pentelicus HOwarRD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVII, p. 611.
(Type, Pentelicus aldrichii Howard.)
1. PENTELICUS ALDRICHII Howard.
Pentelicus aldrichit HOWARD, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVII, 1895, p. 612, female.—
DALLA TorRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 227.
Type —Cat. No. 2698, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Dakota.
43. BLEPYRUS Howard.
1898. Blepyrus HowARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXI, p. 234,
(Type, Blepyrus mexicanus Howard.)
1. BLEPYRUS MEXICANUS Howard.
Blepyrus mexicanus HOwARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X XI, 1898, p. 234, female and
male.
Type.—Cat. No. 5021, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Mexico: Monterey.
Host.—Rhyneh.: Pseudococcus yucee Coquillett.
2. BLEPYRUS MARSDENI Howard.
Blepyrus marsdenti HowARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1898, p. 234, female.
Type.—Cat, No. 5025, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Hawatian Isiands: Honolulu.
3. BLEPYRUS TEXANUS Howard.
Blepyrus tecanus HOWARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1898, p. 255, female.
Type.—Cat. No. 5026, U.S.N.M. .
Habitat —Texas: Brownsville.
Host.—Rhynueh.: Dactylopius virgatus Cockerell.
374 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOU. XXII.
44. HEMANASIUS Ashmead, new genus.
(Type, Hemenasius confusus Ashmead. )
Aspect of Mnasius Walker and Huryrhopalus Howard, but quite dis-
tinct from both in sculpture and in following characters: I’rom Mnasius
it differs in punctuation, in the much longer scape and flagellum, the
former being only slightly dilated, the longer mesonotum and in vena-
tion; from Huryrhopalus in the broader vertex, antennal characters,
and in the quite different venation, brought out in my table.
1. HEMANASIUS CONFUSUS Ashmead, new species.
Female.-—Length, i mm. Robust, black, the head anteriorly from the
front ocellus blue; ‘flagellum brown-black, the scape at base and apex
yellowish; funicle joints 4 and 6 whitish; tips of tibia and tarsi,
except last joint, honey-yellow; wings hyaline, dusky or fuliginous at
base only, the marginal vein punctiform, the postmarginal vein devel-
oped but slender, about two-thirds the length of the sigmal; all veins
brown. The head on vertex has some small scattered punctures but
anteriorly it is perfectly smooth and polished; the thorax is almost
smooth, but with a strong lens one can detect some delicate transverse
strie and a few microscopic punctures; abdomen short, broadly oval,
smooth and shining.
Type.—Cat. No. 4851, U.'S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.—District of Columbia: Washington.
45. EURYRHOPALUUS Howard.
1898. Huryrhopalus Howarp, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X XI, p. 237.
(Type, Luryrhopalus schwarzi Howard.)
1. KFURYRHOPALUS SCHWARZI Howard.
Luryrhopalus schwarzi HOWARD, Proce. U.S. Nat. Mus., X XI, 1898, p. 237, female.
Type.—Cat. No. 5029, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Florida: Biscayne Bay.
46. HEMENCYRTUS Ashmead, new genus.
(Type, Hemencyrtus herbertiit Ashmead.)
Stature and general appearance of Hncyrtus cecidomyie Howard, but
quite different in sculpture and in venational and antennal characteris
tics. The head is scarcely as wide as the thorax between the wings,
lenticular, shagreened, but with sparse, distinet, umbilicate punctures
on the forehead. The antenne are 11-jointed, filiform or nearly, and
clothed with short, sparse hairs, the joints of the funicle all being alittle
longer than wide; the club is rather short, scarcely as long as the
pedicel and first joint of fanicle united, the pedicel being obeonical and
hardly twice as long as thick.
No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTIND—ASHMEAD.- 375
The pronotum is distinct, not short, about two-thirds the length of
the mesonotum, the latter being twice as wide as long and somewhat
shorter than the sentellum. The front wings have a short marginal
vein which is only about twice as long as thick, or a little longer; the
stigmal vein is nearly twice as long as the marginal, while the post-
marginal vein is very much longer than the stigmal. Abdomen in
female conically pointed, somewhat longer than the head and thorax
united, with the ovipositor exserted, the sheaths being very broad.
1. HEMENCYRTUS HERBERTII Ashmead, new species.
Female.—Length, 2.8mm. Dark blue; collar, scutellum toward apex,
metapleura, and abdomen aeneous black; antenne, except three or
four apical joints, and the legs, except the cox, brownish-yellow. Head
with sparse but distinct thimble-like punctures on forehead and along
the inner orbits; the scrobes form a distinct semicircular depression.
The mesonotum is smooth apparently, but with a strong lens one can
detect a vaguely defined or indistinctly impressed thimble-like punctua-
tion. Wings subhyaline; tegul piceous, the subcostal vein yellowish,
while the marginal, stigmal, and postmarginal veins are brown. Abdo-
men a little longer than the head and thorax united, depressed or concave
above, carinate beneath; the ovipositor exserted to nearly one-third its
length, with very broad, compressed sheaths.
Habitat.—Brazil: Chapada. (Herbert H. Smith collection.)
47. COCCOPHOCTONUS Ashmead, new genus.
(Type, Coccophoctonus dactylopti Ashmead.)
Form very broad and. robust, resembling somewhat the genus Phe-
nodiscus Forster. The head is lenticular, wider than the thorax, with
very large oblong-oval eyes, the frons in consequence being rather
narrow but still with the thimble-like punctuation. The antenne are
very short, the flagellum being scarcely longer than the slender scape,
the club very large and distinctly longer than the short funicle, the
joints of the latter being very small, transverse or annular. The pro-
notum is short; the mesonotum fully twice as wide as long, shorter than
the scutellum and smooth or very indistinctly punctate. The wings,
unlike those in Phenodiscus, are hyaline, the marginal vein being
scarcely three times as long as thick, the stigmal vein longer than the
marginal, while the postmarginal vein is fully as long as the marginal
and stigmal veins united. The abdomen in outline is triangular, broadly
sessile, depressed, and much shorter than the thorax.
The male resembles the female, but is much smaller, narrower, less
robust, with the head smaller and not broader than the thorax; other-
wise in antennal and venational characters it agrees with the female.
r. COCCOPHOCTONUS DACTYLOPII Ashmead, new species.
Female.—Length, 1.4mm. Robust. blue-black, the abdomen aeneous;
Scape pale yellowish; all tibive and tarsi, apical third of middle tibiz,
376 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. XXM.
and the apical half, or a little more, of the hind femora, honey-yellow.
The middle tibize are sometimes dusky toward base. Frons with a
rather close thimble-like punctuation; mesonotum nearly smooth, but
with a sparsely, vaguely defined punctuation; scutellum shagreened.
Male.—Length, 0.9 mm. Differs from female in being much smaller,
narrower, and Jess robust; the legs are brown-black, with tips of femora
and the tibiz and tarsi honey-yellow, while the anterior and middle
tibize are more or less dusky or fuscous basally.
Type.—Cat. No. 5081, U.S.N.M.
Habitat. Australia.
Host.—Rhynch.: Dactylopius sp.
Described from 11 specimens, bred from a Coccid, Dactylopius sp.,
September, 1894, by Albert Koebele.
48. PHAZNODISCUS Forster.
1856. Phenodiscus FORSTER, Hym. Stud., II, p. 144.
1856. Discodes FORSTER, Hym. Stud., II, p. 32.
Type, Lncyrtus aneus Dalman.
ype, y
1. PHAZNODISCUS ARIZONENSIS Howard.
Phenodiscus arizonensis HOWARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus,, XXJ, 1898, p. 248, female.
Type.—Cat. No. 3853, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Avrizona: Chiricahua Mountains; Colorado (Gillette); New
Mexico (Cockerell).
2. PHZENODISCUS CONFORMIS Howard.
Encyrtus conformis HOWARD, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., XX VI, 1896, p. 152,
female and male.—DALua TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 256.
Type.—Cat. No. 4852, U.S.N.M.; also in British Museum.
Habitat.—West Indies: Grenada.
3. PHZENODISCUS UNICOLOR Ashmead.
Aphycus unicolor ASHMEAD, Ent. Amer., IV, 1898, p. 15, female.—DALLA Torre,
Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 252.
Femate.—Length, 1.2 mm. Uniformly pale ferruginous, the tarsi yel-
lowish, the funicle joints 4, 5, and 6 snow white, the club black, wings
somewhat abbreviated, brownish. The head has the coarse, character-
istic thimble-like punctuation, while the mesonotum and scutellum are
smooth, impunctate.
Type.—Cat. No. 4741, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.—Vlorida: Jacksonville.
Allied to P. arizonensis Howard, but smaller, paler, and readily dis-
tinguished by the color of the cox and the abbreviated wings.
No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTIN 4F—ASHMEAD.
| o9
~]
) A
49. RHYTIDOTHORAX Ashmead, new genus.
(Type, Rhytidothorax marlatti Ashmead.)
Allie l to Phenodiscus Forster, but much less robust and with the
following structural differences: The wings are hyaline, the marginal
vein being longer than the stigmal, while the costal cell in the hind
wings is long and narrow. The head is scarcely as wide as the thorax;
eyes pubescent; antenne rather long; the flagellum subclavate, not
ringed with white; the funicle joints 2-6 transverse, the pedicel obconi-
eal, three times as long as thick, or longer than the first joint of the
funicle. The head has the usual thimble-like punctuation, but the
mesonotum is shagreened or rugulose, especially anteriorly, while the
scutellum is more distinctly, although somewhat finely, shagreened.
1. RHYTIDOTHORAX MARLATTI Ashmead, new species.
Female.—Length, 1.65 mm. Black; seatellum and abdomen ‘eneous;
seape, the apical half of femora and all tibie and tarsi honey-yellow.
Type.—Cat. No. 4742, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.— Kansas: Riley County.
This interesting species was received many years ago from Mr. ©. L.
Marlatt.
BO. TANAONEURA Howard.
1896. Tanaoneura Howarpd, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., XX VI, p. 146.
(Type, Tanaoneura ashmeadii Howard.)
1. TANAONEURA ASHMEADII Howard.
Tanaoneura ashmeadii Howarpn, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., XX VI, 1896, p.
147, female.—DaLia Torre, Cat. Hym., V, p. 230.
Type in British Museum.
Habitat.—West Indies: Grenada.
51. HEXACLADIA Ashmead.
1891. Hexacladia ASHMEAD, Ins. Life, III, p. 456.
(Type, Hexacladia smithii Ashmead.)
1. HEXACLADIA SMITHII Ashmead.
Hexacladia smithitti ASHMEAD, Ins. Life, IIT, 1891, p. 456, female and male.—DALLA
TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, p. 230.
Type.—Cat. No. 4743, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection); also H. H.
Smith collection.
Habitat.—South America.
52. HOMALOTYLUS Mayr.
1875. Homalotylus Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, p. 752.
1875. Nobrimus THomson, Hym. Skand., IV, pp. 116, 137.
(Type, Lnecyrtus flaminius Dalman.)
378 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXU.
1. HOMALOTYLUS LACHNI Ashmead.
Homalotylus lachni ASHMEAD, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., XIII, 1886, p. 132, female.—
Cresson, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 240.—Datia Torre, Cat. Hym., V, 1898,
p. 247.
Type.—Cat. No. 4744, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.—Florida: Jacksonville.
Host.—Rhyneh.: Lachnus australis Ashmead. (?)
2, HOMALOTYLUS SIMILIS Ashmead.
Homalotylus similis ASHMEAD, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., XIV, 1887, p. 190, female.—
DALLA ToRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 247.
Type.—Cat. No. 4745, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.—F lorida.
3. HOMALOTYLUS TERMINALIS Say.
Serlion terminalis Say, Maclur. Lyc. Phil., IT, 1828, p. 80; Le Conte’s ed. Say’s
Works, I, 1859, p. 383.
Scelio terminalis CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 248.— DaLLa TORRE, Cat.
Hym., V, 1898, p. 496.
Eutelus seymne SHIMER, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., II, 1869, p. 885.—CREsson, Syn. Hym.
N.A., p.242.—Datia Torre, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 93.
Homalotylus obscurus Howard, Bull. No. 5, U. 8. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., 1885, p.
- 22, female.— HUBBARD, Orange Ins., 1886, p. 74, fig. 35.—HowakpD, Ins. Life,
IV, 1891, p. 192, fig. 17.—Datxa Torre, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 247.
Homalotylus terminalis ASHMEAD, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., ITV, 1898, p. 149.
Type.—Cat. No. 2648, U.S.N.M. (Howard’s obscurus.)
Habitat.—North America.
Host.—Coleop.: Scymnus sp., Cycloneda sanguinea Linneeus, Cocei-
nella 9-notata Herbst, Psyllobora 20-maculata Say, Mysia pullata Say,
Hippodamia convergens Guerin.
53. ISODROMUS Howard.
1886. Lsodromus HOWARD, Rep. U.S. Dept. Agric., p. 488.
(Type, Jsodromus icerye Howard.)
1. ISODROMUS CHRYSOP Ashmead.
Aphycus chrysope ASHMBAD, Ent. ‘Amer., IV, 1888, p. 15, female.—DaLLa TORRE,
Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 251.
Type.—Cat. No. 4746, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.—Florida: Jacksonville; and District of Columbia.
Host.—Neurop.: Chrysopa sp.
2. ISODROMUS ICERY Howard.
Tsodromus icerye HOWARD, Rep. U.S. Dept. Agric., 1886, p. 488, female.—CRESSON,
Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 312, pl. m1, fig. 1.—DaLLa Torre, Cat. Hym., V,
1898, p. 267.
Type.—Cat. No. 1491, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—California.
Host.—Neurop.: Chrysopa sp. (not Icerya purchasi, as resorded),.
ues
No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCVYRTIN 2—ASHMEAD.
379
3. ISODROMOS NIGER Ashmead, new species.
Female.—Length, 2 mm. Robust, black; the scape and flagellum
beneath are brownish; the prothoracie scale margined with white; the
tegulz white at base; the front legs and the middle femora and tarsi,
except the basal joint, honey-yellow; middle tibize and the hind legs,
except the tarsi, brown-black; hind tarsi, basal joint of middle tarsi,
and the tibial spurs, white. Wings clear hyaline.
Type —Cat. No. 4747, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.—District of Columbia. Captured while ovipositing in an
immature Chrysopid larva.
4. ISODROMUS ATRIVENTRIS Ashmead, new species.
Female.—Length, 2 mm. Ferruginous; the hind tibie and tarsi,
the last four joints of the middle tarsi, and the flagellum are brown or
fuscous; the disk of mesonotum is obfuscated; the metanotum and the
abdomen are black; the tegule at base white, while the metapleura
are clothed with a silvery pubescence. Front wings hyaline, with a
large discoidal cloud beneath, and inclosing the stigmal vein.
Type.—Cat. No. 4748, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.—Canada: Ottawa. (W. H. Harrington.)
5. ISODROMUS PUNCTICEPS Howard.
Encyrtus puncticeps HOwARD, Bull. No. 5, U. 8. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., 1885, p.
14.—CRESSON, Syn. Hym.N. A., 1887, p. 239.—DaLLa TORRE, Cat. Hym., V,
1898, p. 262.
Type.—Cat. No. 2635, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.— Virginia.
54. CERCHYSIUS Westwood.
1832. Cerchysius WESTWOOD, Phil. Mag. (3), I, p. 128.
1884. Aseirba CAMERON, Biol. Centr.-Am. Hym.., I, p. 127 (teste Howard).
(Type, Encyrtus subplanus Dalman.)
1. CERCHYSIUS CAUDATA Cameron.
Aseirba caudata CAMERON, Biol. Centr.-Am. Hym., I, 1889, p. 127, female, pl. v1,
fig. 13.
Cerchysius caudata HOwARD, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., XXV, 1894, p. 87.
Aseirba caudata DALLA ToRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 244.
Habitat.—Guatemala.
2. CERCHYSIUS ELASMOCERI Ashmead, new species.
Female.—Length, 1.6 mm.; to tip of ovipositor,2 mm. Robust, black
with a faint bluish tinge, smooth impunctate except the frons, which
is faintly shagreened. Antenne black, the flagellum subfiliform, only
Slightly thickened toward apex, very little more than twice the length
of the scape; funicle joints cylindrical, more than thrice longer than
thick; pedicel obconical, shorter than the first funicle joint, with a
380 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
rufous tinge at apex. Mandibles rufo-piceous, 3-dentate. Thorax with
a sparse pubescence, the netapleura with a silvery-white pubescence;
the lunate mark before tegule wanting; scutellum finely, feebly sha-
ereened; metathorax very short, polished. Legs ferruginous, the cox
black, the femora brownish or obfuscated, excepting toward tips, the
middle and hind tibize at base also obfuscated. Wings hyaline, the
venation pale brownish, the stigmal vein oblique, about as long as
the marginal and postmarginal veins united. Abdomen conico-ovate, as
long as the head and thorax united, ending in a broadly compressed
ovipositor which is longer than half the length of the abdomen.
Type.—Cat. No. 4749, U.S.N.M. —
Habitat.—Virginia and District of Columbia.
Host.—Coleop.: Hlasmocerus terminatus Say. Bred by Frank H.
Chittenden.
3. CERCHYSIUS FLACCUS Walker.
Encyrtus (Cerchysius) flaccus WALKER, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., XX, 1847, p. 21,
female.—CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 2.
Cerchysius flaccus DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 244.
Habitat.—Vlorida.
4. CERCHYSIUS HUBBARDII Ashmead, new species.
Female.—Length, 2.6 mm. Blue; head on vertex and the mesonotum
metallic blue-green, the basal abdominal segments laterally blue-green ;
scape honey-yellow, the pedicel and the flagellum brown-black; legs,
except coxie, the base of anterior femora, and the basal two-thirds of
hind femora pale ferruginous or brownish-yellow; sheaths of ovipositor
very broad, testaceous. Wings hyaline, the tegule brown-black, the
venation testaceous.
Type.—Cat. No. 5080, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—California: Salton.
Bred by HE. A. Schwarz from a beetle, Vrelleta hubbardi Schwarz
manuscript, infesting the stems of Alleuroffia occidentalis, collected at
Salton, California, by H.G. Hubbard, in March, 1897.
5. CERCHYSIUS (?) ICERYA Howard.
Cerchysius icerye Howarn, Ins. Life, IV, 1892, p. 379, female.
Type.—Cat. No. 1490, U.S.N.M.
Habitat—West Indies: Jamaica.
Host.—Whyneh.: Leerya rose Riley and Howard. This may not be a
Cerchysius sens. str.
6. CERCHYSIUS PALLIDIPES Provancher.
Copidosoma pallipes PROVANCHER, Add. Fn. duCan. Hym., 1887, p. 205.—CrEsson,
Syn. Hym., 1887, p. 239.—DaLLa TorRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 243.
Habitat.—Canada: Ottawa. (W. H. Harrington.)
No, 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTIN.E—ASHMEAD. 381
55. SCEPTROPHORUS Forster.
1856. Sceptrophorus FORSTER, Hym. Stud., II, p. 34.
1875. Trichomasthus THOMSON, Hym. Skand., LV, p. 142.
(Type, Sceptrophorus sceptriger Forster. )
1. SCEPTROPHORUS HYALINIPENNIS Howard.
Psilophrys hyalinipennis Howard, Bull. No.5, U.S. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., 1885, p.
21, female.—CRrEssoN, Syn. Hym., 1887, p.239.—DaLia TORRE, Cat. Hym., V,
1898.
Type.—Cat. No. 2647, U.S.N.M.
Halbitat.—District of Columbia.
2. SCEPTROPHORUS CONVEXUS Howard.
Encyrtus convexus HOWARD, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., XX VI, 1896, p. 153,
inale.—DaLia Torre, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 257.
Type in British Museum.
Habitat.—West Indies: Grenada.
3. SCEPTROPHORUS SOLUS Howard.
Encyrtus solus Howarb, Bull. No. 5, U. 8S. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., 1885, p. 15,
female.—CreEsson, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 239.—DaLua TorRRE, Cat. Hym.,
V, 1898, p. 263.
Type.—Cat. No. 2637, U.S.N.M.
Hatbitat.—tlorida.
Host.—KRhyuch.: Trioza magnolic Ashmead.
56. ECHTHROPLEXIS Forster.
1856. Hehthroplexis FORSTER, Hym. Stud., II, p. 33.
1875. Canocercus THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, p. 145.
(Type, Caneocercus puncticollis Vhomson. )
1. ECHTHROPLEXIS PUNCTICOLLIS Thomson.
Cenocercus puncticollis THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 145, female.—DawiLa
TORRE, Cat. Hym.,.V, 1898, p. 229.
Halbitat.—Kurope.
2. ECHTHROPLEXIS HIRTUS Howard.
Eneyrtus hirtus Howarbd, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., XX V, 1894, p.95.—DaLLa
Torre, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 259.
Habitat.—West Indies: St. Vincent.
87. OOENCYRTUS Ashmead, new genus.
(Type, Hneyrtus clisiocampe Ashmead. )
This genus is proposed for certain species described under the genus
Encyrtus (sens. lat.), bred from the eggs of different insects, since they
can be no longer retained in that geuus as now restricted.
382 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL
It is at once distinguished by the very minute, short, usually puncti-
form marginal vein, which is not or scarcely longer than thick, and the
non-developed or extremely short post marginal vein, similar to Copido-
soma Katzeburg.
Its other characters, however, are quite different from that genus,
the face being short, the antennal characters and punctuation being
characteristic. It comes closest to Prionomastix Mayr, but its cephalic
and antennal peculiarities, made use of in my table, readily separate it
from this and allied genera.
Judging from their hosts, the European species Encyrtus notodonte,
E. tardus Ratzeburg (= HL. ovulorum Forscolomb) and EH. embryophagus
Hartig, probably belong here.
Our species are are as follows:
1. OOENCYRTUS ANAS Ashmead.
Encyrtus anase ASHMEAD, Bull. No. 14, U.S. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., 1887, p. 23,
female.—CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., p. 812.—DatLua Torre, Cat. Hym., V,
1898, p. 254.
Type.—Cat. No. 2853, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Florida.
Host.—Rhynch.: Eges Anasa tristis De Geer.
2. OOENCYRTUS CLISIOCAMPZE Ashmead.
Encyrtus clisiocampe ASHMEAD, Bull. Ohio Exp. Sta., I, 1893, p. 163, female and
male.—DaLLa TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 256.
Type.—Cat. No. 4750, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.—Ohio.
Host.—Lepid.: Eggs Clistocampa disstria Hiibner.
3. OOENCYRTUS GARGARIS Walker.
Encyrtus gargaris WALKER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., XII, 1843, p. 47, male.—DALiLa
TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 259.
Habitat.—West Indies: St. Vincent.
4. OOENCYRTUS JOHNSONI Howard.
Encyrtus johnsont HowarD, Can. Ent., XXX, 1899, p. 18.
Type.—Cat. No. 1424, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Maryland.
Host.—RBhyuch.: Eggs Murgantia histrionica Hahn.
58. PSYLLAZPHAGUS Ashmead, new genus.
(Type, Lneyrtus pachypsylle Howard.)
This genus comes closest to Ooencyrtus, but is at once distinguished
by the broader vertex, the position of the lateral ocelli, and the distinct
but short postmarginal vein, as pointed out in my table.
The species belonging to it seem to confine their attacks to nymphs
in the Homopterous family Psyllide.
The following are the known species in North America:
No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTIN B—ASHMEAD. 383
1. PSYLLAZPHAGUS PACHYPSYLL Howard.
Encyrtus pachypsylle Howarp, Bull. No. 5, U. 8. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., 1885,
p. 15, female and male.—CRrESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A.. 1887, p. 239.—DaALLa
TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 262.
Type.—Cat. No. 2638, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Maryland.
Host.—Rhyneh.: Pachypsylla c.-gemma ailey
2. PSYLLAZPHAGUS TRIOZIPHAGUS Howard.
Encyrtus trioziphagus HOWARD, Bull. No. 5, U.S. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., 1885,
p. 14, female Cresson, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p.239.—DaLia
TorRE, Cat. Hymv., V, 1898, p. 265.
Type.—Cat. No. 2636, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.— District of Columbia.
Host._-Khynuch.: Trioza diospyri Ashmead.
59. COCCIDENCYRTUS Ashmead, new genus.
(Type, Encyrtus ensifer Howard.)
Comes nearest to Ooencyrtus and Psyllephagus, but easily separated
by the longer or distinct postmarginal vein, and by the differences in
the antennz, the club in female being much longer than in those two
genera, the pedicel shorter, and the funicle joints smaller, submonili-
form. In the male the flagellum is much longer, ending in a distinct
club, the funicle joints about twice as long as thick, subnodose above
and with half whorls of long hairs. The head is transverse, as wide
as the thorax, with a vertex of moderate width, not narrow, the ocelli
triangularly arranged, the lateral ocelli not lying close to the eye mar-
gin—at least their width, or a little more, from it. Abdomen short,
triangular, as viewed from above, with the ovipositor subexserted, the
sheath projecting somewhat beyond the top of abdomen.
1. COCCIDENCYRTUS ENSIFER Howard.
Encyrtus ensifer HOWARD, Bull. No. 5, U.S. Dept. Agric., 1885, p. 13, female and
male.—CRESSON, Syn. Hym.N. A., 1887, p. 239.—DaLLa Torre, Cat. Hym., V,
1898, p. 257.
Type.——Cat. No. 2633, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Florida.
Host._Rhynch.: Aspidiotus corticalis Riley manuscript.
60. APHYCUS Mayr.
1875. Aphycus Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, p. 695.
1875. Microterys THOMSON (part), Hym. Skand., IV, p. 155 [sec. ee, p. 168].
(Type, Eneyrtus apicalis Dalman.)
An excellent table by Dr. Howard for distinguishing the females of
all the described species in this genus has been published.' The known
species are as follows:
ierecrediies of the ms S. National Museum, XXI, 1899, p. 240,
384 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXiI.
1. APHYCUS AMCENUS Howard.
Aphycus amenus HOwarp, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., XX VI, 1896, p. 150,
male.—DaLLa TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, p. 251.
Type in British Museum.
Habitat.—West Indies: Grenada.
2. APHYCUS ANNULIPES Ashmead.
Coccophagus annulipes ASUMEAD, Can. Ent., XIV, 1882, p. 37, female.
Aphycus annulipes HOwARD, Bull. No.5, U.S. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., 1885, p. 19.—
CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 238. , 1898,
p. 251.—Howarb, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X XI, p. 241.
Type.—Cat. No. 4751, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.—Florida: Jacksonville.
Host.—Rhynch.: Lecaniwn sp. on oak.
3. APHYCUS APICALIS Dalman.
Encyrtus apicalis DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, p. 153, female. —
Ness, Ichn. affin. Monoger., II, 1854, p. 220.—WaLkrnr, Ent. Mag, V, 1837,
p. 110, female.—-RaTZEBURG, Ichn. d. Forstins., IT, 1848, p. 145.
Aphycus apicalis Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, pp. 6957696,
female.—DaLLa TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 251.—HOwarpD, Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus., XXI, 1898, p. 241.
Microterys apicalis THomson, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 153.—DaLia Torre, Cat.
Hym., V, 1898, p. 233.
Haditat.—Europe and North America.
Host.—Rhynch.: Pulvinaria carpini Linneeus.
4. APHYCUS ANGELICUS Howard.
Aphycus angelicus HOWARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1898, pp. 241, 245.
Type.—Cat. No. 5044, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—California: Los Angeles.
Host.—Rhynch.: Dactylopius sp. on passion flower.
5. APHYCUS AUSTRALIENSIS Howard.
Aphycus australiensis HOWARD, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1898, pp. 241, 245,
female.
Type.—Cat. No. 5045, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Australia: Victoria, Melbourne.
Host.—Rhynch.: Dactylopius sp. on eucalyptus.
6. APHYCUS ALBERTI Howard.
Aphycus alverti HowARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXI, pp. 241, 247, female and
male.
Type.—Cat. No. 5051, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—New South Wales: Sydney.
Lecanium hespertdum Linnzeus.
NO. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINA—ASHMEAD. 38
Rn?
7. APHYCUS BRUNNEUS Howard.
Aphycus brunneus Howard, Bull. No.5, U. S. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., 1885, p. 17,
female.—CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 238.—DaLia Torre, Cat. Hym.,
V, 1898, p. 25.—HOWARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXI, p. 241.
Type.—Cat. No. 2642, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.-_New York; New Jersey.
Host.—Rhynch.: Diaspis rose Bouché.
8. APHYCUS CALIFORNICUS Howard.
Aphycus californicus HOWARD, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1898, pp. 241, 245,
female.
Type.—Cat. No. 5043, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—California: Alameda.
Host.—Rhyneh.: Lecanium sp. on Adenostoma fasciculatum.
9. APHYCUS CEROPLASTIS Howard.
Aphycus ceroplastis HOWARD, Bull. No. 5, U.S. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent.,1885, p. 18,
female and male.—CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 238.—Datia Torre,
Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 241.—Howarp, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1898, p. 241.
Type.—Cat. No. 2643, U.S.N.M.
Halbitat.—New Mexico.
Host.—Rhynch.: Ceroplastes artemisie Riley.
10. APHYCUS COCKERELLI Howard.
Ayhycus cockerelli HowaARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1898, pp. 240, 243, female.
Type.—Cat. No. 5038, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—New Mexico: Las Cruces.
Host.—Rhynch.: Lecanium sp. on osage orange.
11. APHYCUS COQUILLETTI Howard.
Aphycus coquilletti HowaRD, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XI, 1898, pp. 241, 244.
Type.—Cat. No. 5041, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—California: Los Angeles.
12, APHYCUS DACTYLOPII Howard.
Aphycus dactyloptti HoOwARD, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXJ, 1898, pp. 240, 242.
Type.—Cat. No. 5056, U.S.N.M.
HMabitat.—China: Hongkong.
Most.—-Rhynch.: Dactylopius vastator Maskell.
13. APHYCUS ERUPTOR Howard.
Aphycus erupior HOwARD, Rep. U.S. Dept. Agric., 1880-81, p. 364, pl. XXIII, fig. 5,
female and male.—CreEsson, Syn. Hym.N. A., 1887, p. 238.--DALLA TORRE, Cat.
Hym., V, 1898, p. 251.—Howarp, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1898, p. 241.
Type.—Cat. No. 2609, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Florida.
Host.—Rhyneh.: Lecanium sp.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 25
386 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII
14. APHYCUS FLAVICEPS Howard.
Aphycus flaviceps Howanrb, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXT, 1898, pp. 241, 246, female.
Type.—Cat. No. 5049, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Illinois: Champaign.
Host.—Rhynch.: Lecaniwm sp.
15. APHYCUS FLAVUS Howard.
Aphycus flavus Howard, Rep. U.S. Dept. Agric., 1880-81, p. 19, female.—CRESSON,
Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 228.—DaLia Torre, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 251.—
Howakb, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1898, p. 241.
Type.—Cat. No. 2610, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Florida; West Indies: Grenada.
Host.—Rhyneh.: Mytilaspis citricola Packard.
16. APHYCUS FUSCIPENNIS Howard.
Aphycus fuscipennis Howard, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXT, 1898, pp. 240, 241.
Type.—Cat. No. 5033, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—California: Sonoma County.
Host.—Rhynch.: Lecanium sp. on Arctostaphylos pungens.
17, APHYCUS HEDERACEUS Westwood:
EB neyrtus hederacews WESTWOOD, Phil. Mag. (3), X, 1837, p. 441.—WaLkur, Ent.
Mag., V, 1837, p. 107, female.
Encyrtus fulvifrons WALKER, Ent. Mag., V, 1837, p. 109, female.
Aphycus hederaceus Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, pp. 695, 696,
female.—DauuLa Torre, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 251.—Howarpb, Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus., XXTI, 1898, p. 241.
Habitat.—Kurope.
FTost. —Rhyneh.: Lecaniwm pila dis.
18. APHYCUS IMMACULATUS Howard.
Aphycus immaculatus Howarp, Ins. Life, VI, 1894, p. 236, fig. 1, male.—DaALua
TorRE, Cat. Hym., V, p. 251. ;
Type.—Cat. No. 1474, U.S.N.M.
Halitat.—California.
Host.—Rhynch.: Aspidiotus aurantii Maskell.
19. APHYCUS JOHNSONI Howard.
- Aphycus johnsoni Howarp, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X XI, 1898, pp. 241, 244, female.
Type.—Cat. No. 5040, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Mlinois: Champaign.
Host.—Rhynch.: Lecanium sp. on elm.
20. APHYCUS LECANII Howard.
Aphycus lecaniti HOWARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X XI, 1898, pp. 240-242, female and
male.
Type.—Cat. No. 5034, U.S.N.M
Halitat.—California: Alameda and Los Angeles counties.
Host.—Rhynch.: Lecaniwm sp.on Pinus cnrsignis, Lecanium sp. on
Heteromeles arbutifolia, and a Lecanium sp. on Quercus agrifolia.
NO. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINA—ASHMEAD. 387
21. APHYCUS LICHTENSIZ® Howard.
Aphycus lichlensie HOWARD, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1896, p. 640, female.—
DaLLa TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 251.—Howakrb, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus.,
XXI, 1898, p. 240.
Type.—Cat. No. 3259, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Ceylon.
Host.—Rhynceh.: Lichtensia koebelei Maskell.
22. APHYCUS LOUNSBURYI Howard.
Aphycus lounsburyi HowaRD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X XT, 1898, pp. 241, 244, female.
Type.—Cat. No. 5042, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—South Africa: Cape Town.
Host.—Rhyneh.: Lecanium olee Bernard.
e
23. APHYCUS MACULIPES Howard.
Aphycus maculipes Howakp, Bull. No. 5, U.S. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., 1885, p. 18,
female and male.—Cresson, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 238.--DaLLa Torre,
Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 252.—HowarbD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1898, p. 241.
Type.—Cat. No. 2644, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—South Carolina.
Host.—Whyneh.: Lecanium sp. on water oak.
24. APHYCUS MEXICANUS Howard.
Aphycus mexicanus HOWARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXJ, 1898, pp. 241, 247, female.
Type.—Cat. No. 5050, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Louisiana: Baton Rouge; Mexico: City of Mexico.
Host.—Rhynch.: Ceroplastes cerripediformis Comstock and Cero-
plastes sp.
25. APHYCUS NIGRITUS Howard.
Aphycus nigritus HOWARD, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1898, pp. 241, 245.
Type.—Cat. No. 5039, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Cahfornia: Los Angeles.
Host.—Rhynch.: Dactylopius sp. on Artemisia.
26. APHYCUS OAXACZE Howard.
Aphycus oaxacw HOWARD, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1898, pp. 241, 246, female.
Type.— Cat. No. 5047, U.S.N.M.
Habitat—Mexico: Oaxaca.
27. APHYCUS OREGONENSIS Howard.
Aphycus oregonensis HOwaARD, Proc. U.S. Nat Mus., X XI, 1898, pp. 241, 246, female.
Type.—Cat. No. 5048, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Oregonu: Aumsville, Marion County.
Host—Rhyneh.: Pulvinaria sp. on Oregon flowering currant.
388 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII
28. APHYCUS PULCHELLUS Howard.
_Aphycus pulchellus HowARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXT, 1898, pp. 241, 242, female.
Type.—Cat. No. 5035, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—New York: Ithaca.
Host.—Rhyuch.: Kermes sp. on oak, Quercus tinctoria.
29. APHYCUS PUNCTIPES Dalman.
Encyrtus punctipes DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, pp. 30, 370,
pl. vu, fig. 60.—NreEs, Hym. Ichn. affin. Monogr., Ti, 1834, p. 201.—WALKER,
int. Mag., V, 1837, p. 108, female and male.—STEPHENS, Illustr. Brit. Ent.
Suppl., 1846, p. 9, pl. XLv1, fig. 4.—RaTZEBURG, Ichn. d. Forstins., II, 1848,
p. 146, female and male; III, 1852, p. 189, pl. 11, fig. 14.—VOLLENHOVEN,
Pinacogr., 1879, p. 55, pl. Xxxv, fig. 7.
Aphycus punctipes MAYR, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, pp. 696, 697, female
and male-—DaLLa TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 252.—HowarbD, Proc. U.S.
Nat. Mus., XXI, 1898, p. 240, female.
Microterys punctipes THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 168, female and male.—
DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 238.
Habitat.—Europe; North America.
Host.—Rhyneh.: Pulvinaria vitis Linneus.
30. APHYCUS PULVINARIZ Howard.
Aphycus pulvinarie HowarD, Rep. U. 8. Dept. Agric., 1880-81, p. 18, female and
male.—CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 238.
Type.——Cat. No. 2611, U.S.N.M.
Habitat._-Iowa.
Host.—Rhynch.: Pulvinaria sp.
31. APHYCUS TEXANUS Howard.
Aphycus teranus HOWARD, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XX1, 1898, pp. 241, 245, female.
Type.—Cat. No. 5046, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Texas: Brownsville.
Host.—Whynch.: Dactylopius virgatus Cockerell.
32. APHYCUS TOWNSENDI Howard.
Aphycus townsendi HowaARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X XI, 1898, pp. 240, 243, female.
Type.--Cat. No. 5037, U.S.N.M.
Habitat._New Mexico: Mesilla Park.
Host.--Rhyneh.: Phenacoccus sp. on cotton.
61. HETERARTHRELLUS Howard.
1898. Heterarthrellus HOWARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXI, p. 239.
(Type, Heterarthrellus australiensis Howard.)
NO. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTIN£2—ASHMEAD. 389
1. HETERARTHRELLUS AUSTRALIENSIS Howard.
Heterarthrellus australiensis HowarpD, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXT, 1898, p. 239,
female and male.
Type.—Cat. No. 5032, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—New Sovth Wales: Parametta.
Host.—Coleop.: Scymnus flavifrons Blackburn; Ehizobius debilis
Blackburn.
62. ASTYMACHUS Howard.
1898. Astymachus HowaARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXT, p. 238.
(Type, Astymachus japonicus Howard.)
1. ASTYMACHUS JAPONICUS Howard.
Astymachus japonicus HOwARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X XI, 1898, p. 239.
Type.--Cat. No. 5031, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—_Japan: Gifu.
Host._-Rhyneh.: Lecanium-like coccid on Bambusa.
63. BLASTOTHRIX Mayr.
1875. Blastothrix Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, X XV, p. 697.
1875. Microterys THOMSON (part), Hym. Skand., 1V, p. 155 [See. A, p. 155].
(Type, Encrytus sericeus Dalman.)
x 1. BLASTOTHRIX ADJUTABILIS Howard.
Blastothriz adjutabilis Howarp, Rep. U.S. Dept. Agric., 1880-81, p. 365, female;
pl xx1I1, fig. 6.—CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 239.—DaLLa Torre, Cat.
Hym.. V, 1898, p. 252.
Type.——Cat. No. 2612, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Florida; Virginia.
Host.--Khyneh.: Lecanium sp.
2. BLASTOTHRIX INCERTA Howard.
Blastothrix incerta HOwarRpD, Rep. U. S. Dept. Agric., 1880-81, p. 366, male.—
CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 239.—DaLLa TorRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p.
252.
Type.—Cat. No, 2613, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Florida.
Host.—Lecanium sp.
3. BLASTCTHRIX INSOLITA Howard.
Blastothrix insolita Howard, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., XX VI, 1896, p. 150,
female.—DaLia Torrg, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 252.
Type in British Museum.
Hlabitat.—West Indies: Grenada.
4. BLASTOTHRIX SERICEA Dalman.
Encrytus sericeus DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, p. 357, female.
Enecrytus sericans DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, p. 363, male.
Encrytus sericeus NEES, Hym. Ichn. Affin. Monogr., II, 1834, p. 217, female.
390 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX.
Encrytus sericans NEES, Ichn. Affin. Monogr., II, p. 247, male.
Enerytus sericeus WALKER, Ent. Mag., V, 1837, p. 72, female and male.—RatzE-
BURG, Ichn. d. Forstins., III, 1852, p. 189, female.
Encrytus sericans RATZEBURG, Ichn. d. Forstins., III, p. 193, male.
Microterys sericeus THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 156, female and male.
Blastothria sericeus MAyR, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, X XY, 1875, pp. 698-700,
female and male.—Wacutt, Wien. Ent. Zeite., I, 1882, p. 296.—DALLA. TORRE,
Nat. Hym., IV, p. 253.
Blastothrix longipennis HOwarb, Rep. U.S. Dept. Agric., 1880-81, p. 566, female.—
CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 239.—DaLia Torre, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p.
252.
Type.—-Cat. No. 2614, U.S.N.M. (longipennis Howard). —
Habitat.—KEurope; North America.
Hosts.—Rhyuch.: Pulvinaria vitis Linneus; Lecaniwm esculi Kollar.
A common and widely distributed species.
5. BLASTOTHRIX YUCC Coquillett.
Blastothrix yuceew COQUILLETT, West Am. Scient., VII, 1890, p. 44.—DaALLa
Torre, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 253.
Type.—Cat. No. 1476, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—California.
Host.-_Rhynch.: Pseudococcus yuece Coquillett.
64. MICROTERYS Thomson.
1875. Microterys THOMSON (part), Hym. Skand., IV, p. 155 (See. B, p. 157].
(Type, Eneyrtus sylvius Dalman. )
1. MICROTERYS CHALCOSTOMUS Dalman.
Encyrtus chalcostomus DaALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Hlandl., XLI, 1820, p. 342,
female.—NEES, Hym. Ichn. Affin. Monoer., II, 1854, p. 207. °
? Encyrtus cstivus DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, p. 365, male.—
Nees, Hym. Ichn. Affin. Monogr., I, p. 250.
Eneyrtus chaleostomus Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, pp. 706,
719, female. :
Microterys chalcostomus THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 159.—DaLua Torre,
Cat, Hym., V, 1898, p. 234.
Habitat.__Europe.
Host.—KRhyneh.: Lecanium esculi Kollar, L. quercus Linneeus.
2. MICROTERYS CINCTICORNIS Ashmead, new species.
This species probably represents a variety of the Kuropean MM. tes-
sellatus Dalman. It agrees with it in stature and in wing markings,
except that the triangular white marginal spots are connected so as to
form an additional band, while the head and thorax at sides, too, are
quite differently colored. The head, the pronotum, except above, the
sides of the thorax, and the legs, are brownish-yellow, while the
mesonotum is metallic blue.
Type.—Cat. No. 4769, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.—New Hampshire: Mount Washington. (Mrs. A.T. Slosson.)
No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTIN“#—ASHMEAD. 391
3. MICROTERYS CYANOCEPHALUS Daiman.
Encyrtus cyanocephalus DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad Handl., XLI, 1820, p. 344,
female.—NEES, Hym. Ichn. Affin. Monoer., II, 1834, p. 211.—Mayr, Verh.
Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, pp. 709, 714, 720, female and male.
Microterys cyanocephalus THoMson, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 159.—Dauua
TorRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 234.
Habitat.—Kurope.
Host.__Rhyneh.: Pulvinaria carpini Linneeus.
4. MICROTERYS FASCIPENNIS Dalman.
Encyrtus fascipennis DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, p. 354,
female.—NrErs, Hym. Ichn. Affin. Monogr., II, 1834, p. 243.—Maynr, Verh.
Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, pp. 709, 721.
Microterys fascipennis THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 161, female.—DALia
Torre, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 234.
Habitat.—Europe.
Host.—Rhynch.: Lecaniwm racemosum Ratzeburg, Physokermes abietis
Modeer.
5. MICROTERYS FLAVUS Howard.
Eneurtus flavus HOwaARD, Rep. U.S. Dept. Agric., 1880-81, p. 367, female and male,
pls. 236-233.—Cresson, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 239.—DALLA TORRE, Cat.
Hym., V, 1898, p. 258.
Type.—-Cat. No. 2615, U.S.N.M.
Habitat California.
Host.—iKhynch.: Lecanium hesperidum Linnzeus, L. piperis Green.
6. MICROTERYS GASTRON Walker.
Encyrtus gastron WALKER, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., XX, 1847, p. 21, female.—
Dauua TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 259.
Habitat.-—Florida.
7. MICROTERYS INTERPUNCTUS Dalman.
Eneyrtus iuterpunctus DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, p. 157,
female.—NEES, Hym. Ichn. Affin. Monogr., II, 1834, p. 209.—Mayn, Verh. Zool.-
bot. Ges. Wien, 1875, pp. 708, 720.
Microtcrys interpunctus THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 160.—DALLA TORRE,
Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 234.
Habitat.-Burope; North America.
8. MICROTERYS IMBRASUS Walker.
TEneyrtus umbrasus WALKER, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., XX, 1847, p. 23.—CRESSON,
Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 239.—DALLA ToRRkE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 259.
Habitat.—-North America.
399 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX.
9. MICROTERYS LICHTENSIZ Howard.
Encyrius lichtensie Howard, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1896, p. 63°, female.—
DALLA ‘TorRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 620.
Type.—Cat. No. 8252, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Ceylon.
Host.-Rhyneh.: Lichtensia koebelei Maskell.
10. MICROTERYS LUNATUS Dalman.
Encyrtus lunatus DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Aka‘i. Hanll., XLI, 1820, p. 156, female.
(2) Encyrtus aestivus Nuns, Hyin. Ichn. Affin. Monogr., II, 1834, p. 250, male; Hym.
Ichn. Affin. Monogr., II, 1834, p. 250.
Encyrtus cedrenus WALKER, Ent. Mag., V, 1837, p. 112, female.
Encyrtus lunatus ZETTERSTEDT, Ins. Lappon., I, 1838, p. 431.
Eneyrtus cleone WALKER, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., XIV, 1844, p. 407, female.
Encyrtus lunatus Mayr, Vehr. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, pp. 706, 715, 719,
female.—V OLLENHOVEN, Pinacogt., 1879, p, 55, pl. Xxxv, fig. 8.
Microterys lunatus THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 161, female and male.—
DaLLa TorRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 255.
Habitat.—Europe; North America.
11. MICROTERYS MARGINATUS Ashmead, new species.
Female.—Length, 1.5 mm. Ferruginous; the mesonotum and the
scutellum with a brownish metallic tinge; abdomen aeneous black;
joints 3-6 of funicle white; club black; wings dark fuscous with the
extreme apical margins white.
Type.—Cat. No. 4770, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.—New Mexico.
Described from specimen received some years ago from Prof. T. D. A.
Cockerell.
12, MICROTERYS MONTiNUS Packard.
Encyrlas montinus PACKARD, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XXI, 1881, p. 31, female.—
CRreESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 239.—Howarpb, Proc. Wasb. nt. Soc., I,
1888, p. 91; in Seudder’s Butterflies, East U. S., 1889, p. 1887, female; pl.
LXXXIX, fig.4.—DaALLa TorRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 261.
Typein Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Habitat.—New Hampshire.
Host.—Lepid.: Chionobas semidea Say.
13. MICROTERYS SUBCUPRATUS Dalman.
Eneyrtus subcupratus DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, p. 346,
female.—NEEs, Hym. Ichn. Affin. Monoer., II, 1834, p. 215, female.-—WALKER,
Ent. Mag., LV, 1837, p. 460, female and male.
Microterys subcupratus THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 161, female.
Torre, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 235.
DALLA
Hiabitat.—Europe.
No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINA—ASHMEAD. 393
14. MICROTERYS SUBLESTUS Howard.
Encyrtus sublestus HOWARD, Bull. No.5, U. S. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., 1885, p. 12,
male.—CRrESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 239.—DaLia Torre, Cat. Hym.,V,
1898, p. 264.
Type.—Cat. No. 2632, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Florida.
Host.—Rhynch.: Lecanium sp.
15. MICROTERYS SYLVIUS Dalman.
I'riscH, Beschr. Ins. Teutschl., 1X, 1750, p. 38, pJ. 111, fig. 22.
Encyrtus sylvius DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, p. 154, female.
Eneyrtus zephyrinus DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, p. 167, male.
Encyrtus sylvius NEES, Hym. Ichn. Affin. Monogr., IT, 1854, p. 205.
Encyrtus zephyrinus NEES, Ichn. Affin. Monogr., II, p. 245.
Encyrtus sylvius WALKER, Ent. Mag., V, 1837, p. 103, female.—RATZEBURG, Ichn.
d. Forstins., I, 1844, p. 214.
Eneyrtus zephyrinus RATZEBURG, Ichn. d. Forstins., I, p. 214.
Encyrtus sylvius Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XX V, pp. 706, 714, 719, female
and male.
Microterys sylvius THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, p. 157.—DaLuia TORRE, Cat. Hym.,
V, p. 235.
Habitat.—KEurope; North America; Canada.
Hosts.—Rhynch.: Palvinaria betule Linneus, Lecanium pruni, L.coryli
Linneus, L. wsculi Kollar.
16. MICROTERYS TACHARDIA Howard.
Eneyrtus tachardie Howarp, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X VIII, 1896, p. 637, male. —
DaLLA TorRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 264.
Type.—Cat. No. 3253, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Ceylon.
Host.—Rhynch.: Tachardia albizziv Green.
17. MICROTERYS TESSELLATUS Dalman.
Encyrtus tessellatus DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad.Handl., XLI, 1820, p.342, female.—
Nees, Hym. Ichn. aftin. Monogr., II, 1834, p. 209.—WaLkER, Ent. Mag., V,
1837, p. 55, female.—Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, p. 708,
720, temale.
Microterys tessellatus THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1898, p. 160, female.—DALLa
TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 236.
Habitat.—Kurope.
18. (?) MICROTERYS BOLUS Walker.
Encyrtus bolus WALKER, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., XIV, 1844, p. 17, female.—CrEs-
SON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 239.—DaLLta Torre, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 256.
Habitat.—Hudson Bay.
Host.—Rhyneh.: Coceid on willows.
394 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX.
1g. (?) MICROTERYS DUBIUS Howard.
Encyrtus dubius HOWARD, Ins. Life, I, 1880, p. 270, fig. 66, male.
Encyrtus dubiosus DALLA ToRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 257.
Type.—Cat. No. 2704, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—California.
Host.—Rhynch.: Icerya purchasi Maskell.
20. MICROTERYS FUSCICORNIS Howard.
Encyrtus fuscicornis HowarD, Bull. No.5, U. 8. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., 1885, p. 13,
female.—CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 259.—DaLia Torre, Cat. Hym.,
V, 1898, p. 258. ,
Type.— Cat. No. 2634, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Maryland.
65. HOLCENCYRTUS Ashmead, new genus.
(Type, Aphycus niger Ashmead.)
tesembles both Aphycus and Blastothrix. The front wings have a
hairless oblique line, extending from base of stigmal vein to the hind
margin as in Aphycus, but the venation is quite different: The marginal
vein is distinct, not punctiform, although shorter than the stigmal vein;
the postmarginal vein is long, well developed, and a little longer than
the marginal and stigmal veins united. The antennz are subclavate,
the scape only slightly thickened towards tip, and not at all dilated
beneath, asin Aphycus and Blastothrix, while all the joints of the funicle,
in the male, are wider than long, neither subdentate, nor with half
whorls of hairs, as in blastothrix. The body, at the most, is clothed
with a fine, sparse pubescence; the head and thorax are subopaque,
finely coriaceous; the frons broad; the ocelli arranged in a triangle,
the lateral far from the eye margin; scrobes distinct; scutellum a little
longer than the mesonotum, with a delicate grooved line at the basal
half; metathorax very short, abrupt; abdomen small, oval, depressed,
scarcely two-thirds the length of the thorax.
1. HOLCENCYRTUS NIGER Ashmead.
Aphycus niger ASHMEAD, Ent. Amer., IV, 1888, p. 15, male.—DaLLaA Torre, Cat.
Hym., V, 1898, p. 252.
Type.—Cat. No. 4752, ULS.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.—Florida: Jacksonville.
66. AGENIASPIS Dahlbom.
Ageniaspis DAHLBOM, Ofvers. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Férh., XIV, p. 297.
1857.
75. Holcothorax MAyR, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XX V, p. 69.
18
(Type, Lncyrtus fuscicollis Dalman. )
1. AGENIASPIS ATRICOLLIS Dalman.
Eneyrtus atricollis DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Hand1., XLI, 1820, p. 358, female.—
NEEs, Hym., Ichn. affin. Monoer., I, 1834, p. 237, female.
e*
¥
No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTIN &E—ASHMEAD. 395
= -
Ichneumon (Encyrtus) atricollis RATZEBURG, Ichn. d. Forstins., 1844, p. 29, pl. vir,
fig. 13.
Eneyrtus atricotlis RATZEBURG, Ichn. d. Forstins., I, 1844, p. 215, female and male;
II, 1848, p. 146, pl. vi, fig. 18; ILI, 1852, p. 190.
Holcothorax atricollis Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, pp. 693, 694,
female.
Ageniaspis atricollis THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 182, female and male.—
DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1998, p. 250.
Habitat.—urope.
Host.—Lepid.: Tinea evonymella Linnzeus, T. padella Linneus.
2. AGENIASPIS FUSCICOLLIS Daiman.
Encyrtus fuscicollis DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., X LI, 1820, p. 359, female
anil maie.
Pteromalus cyanocephalus BouCHE, Naturg. d. Ins., 1834, p. 167.
Eneyrtus fuscicollis NEres, Hym. Ichn. affin. Monogr., II, 1834, p. 286; Hym.
Ichn. affin. Monogr., II, p. 434.—WatkkEr, Ent. Mag., V, 1838, p. 420,
female and male.
Encyrtus cyanocephalus WALKER, Ent. Mag., VI, p. 421.—GourR«au, Ann. Soe. Ent.
Irranee (2), V, 1847, p. 244.
Holcothorax fuscicollis Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, X XV, 1875, p. 693, female
and male.
Ageniaspis fuscicollis THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 82, female.
Encyrtus fuscicollis BUGNION, Rec. Zool. Suisse, V, 1890, p. 485; types 20 to 22.
Ageniaspis fuscicollis DaLLA ToRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 250.—MaRcHAL,
Compt. rend. Soc. Biol., July 22, 1899.
Habitat.—Europe.
Host.—Lepid.: Hyponomeuta evonymella Linnieus, and H. cognatella
Treitsche and H. padella Linnaeus.
2 3. AGENIASPIS NEPTICULZ Mayr.
Holcothorax nepticule Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1895, pp. 692, 693,
female.
Ageniaspis nepticule DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 250.
Habitat.—Europe.
Host.—Lepid.: Nepticulw splendidissimella Herrich-Schaeffer.
4. AGENIASPIS TESTACEIPES Ratzeburg.
Eneyrtus testaceipes RATZEBURG, Ichn. d. Forstins., IT, 1848, p. 148, pl. 111, fig. 5.
Holecthorax testaceipes Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, pp. 692, 693,
female and male. ;
Ageniaspis testaceipes DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 198, p. 250.
Habitat.—Europe.
Host.—Lepid.: Lithocolletis quercifoliella Zeller, L. cramerella Fabri-
cius, L. complanella Hiibner, L. populifoliella Treitsche, and L. alniella
Zeller.
5. AGENIASPIS BUCCULATRICIS Howard.
_ Eneyrtus bucculatricis HowaRrp, in Lintner’s First Ann. Rep. N. Y.. 1882, p. 160,
fig. 43.—CREsson, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 239.—DaLLa TorRE, Cat.
Hym., V, 1898, p. 256.
Type.—Cat. No. 4768, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—New York.
Host.—Lepid.: Bucculatrix pomifoliella Clemens.
396 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
67. PSEUDENCYRTUS Ashmead, new genus.
(Type, Encyrtus cecidomyie Howard.)
To this genus belong several species placed by writers in Hneyrtus
(sens. lat.). It is founded upon Hneyrtus cecidomyiw Howard, and to it
belongs also the European species Encyrtus clavellatus Dalman.
The species are strongly metallic and live parasitically in the Dip-
terous larvee belonging to the family Cecidomyide.
The thorax is smooth, impunctate, or at most with a delicate, micro-
scopically reticulate punctuation; the stigmal vein is rather long,
oblique, and usually a little longer than the marginal and postmarginal
veins united; the axilla do not quite meet at their inner basal angles;
the antenne are moderately long, subclavate, the 3-jointed club not
much enlarged, only about half the length of the funicle or less, and
not much thicker than the terminal joint of the funicle; the funicle
6-jointed, subeylindrical, the joints all longer than wide, never monili-
form, while the abdomen in female, in outline, is conic-ovate, depressed
above and usually somewhat longer than the head and thorax united,
‘or at least as long, the ovipositor always slightly exserted.
1. PSEUDENCYRTUS CECIDOMYIZ Howard.
Encyrtus cecidomyie HOWARD, Bull. No.5, U.S. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., 1885, p.16,
female and male.—CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 239.—DaLua TORRE,
Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 256.
Type.—Cat. No. 2639, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Virginia; New York.
Host.—Dipt.: Cecidomyia salicis-siliqua Walsh.
2. PSEUDENCYRTUS NITIDUS Howard.
Encyrtus nitidus Howard, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., XXV, 1894, p. 94,
female.—DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 261.
Type.—Cat. No. 2722, U.S.N.M.; also in British Museum.
Habitat.—West Indies: St. Vincent.
3. PSEUDENCYRTUS ROTUNDIFORMIS Howard.
Encyrtus rotundiformis HOWARD, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., XX VI, 1896, p. 154,
femaie.—DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 263.
Type.—Cat. No. 4852, U.S.N.M.; also in British Museum.
Habitat.——West Indies: Grenada.
To this genus also probably belong the European species Microterys
barbarus Dalman, and M. brevicornis Dalman. °
68. EPIENCYRTUS Ashmead, new genus.
(Type, Lncyrtus thyreodontis Ashmead.)
This genus represents part of a group to which European writers
have applied the generic term Hncyrtus Dalman. The types of the
genus are Lncyrtus thyreodontis Ashmead and Ene. melanacis Daiman.
No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINE—ASHMEAD. 397
It comprises a group which appears to be hyperparasitic on Iehneumon
flies belonging to the subfamily Ophionine; at least such appears to
be the case with two of the North American species, and I should not
be surprised to find all the species, failing in the genus, hyperparasitic.
The stigmal vein is never longer than the marginal and postmarginal
united, most frequently distinctly shorter; the axille usually meet at
their inner basal angle; the antenne are rather short, the club much
enlarged, as long, longer, or nearly as long as the funicle, and from two
to three or more times wider than the last joint of the funicle; the
funicle is 6-jointed, short, the joints transverse wider than long, or at
least the 3 or 4 terminal joints, or the first 3 or 4 joints are moniliform,
while the abdomen is ovate or pointed ovate, but not longer than the
head and thorax united, usually somewhat shorter, the ovipositor not
or only slightly extending beyond the tip of the abdomen.
1. EPIENCYRTUS ARTACEZ Howard.
Encyrtus artucee Howard, Rep. U. S. Dept. Agric., 1880-81, p. 252, female and
male.—CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 239.—DALLa Torre», Cat. Hyin.,
V, 1898, p. 255.
Type.—Cat. No. 1469, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—F lorida.
Host.—Lepid.: Artace punctistriga Walker, affected by an Ophionid.
2. EPIENCYRTUS THYREODONTIS Ashmead.
Encyrtus thyreodontis ASHMEAD, Proc. Wash. Ent. Soc., IV, 1898, p. 156, female
and male.
Type.—Cat. No. 4753, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection. )
Habitat.——Massachusetts: Cambridge.
Host.—Hymen.: Thyreodon morio Fabricius,
3. EPIENCYRTUS MELANACIS Dalman.
Encyrtus melanacis DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, p. 345,
female.—NEEs, Ichn. Affin. Monogr., II, 1834, p. 213, female.-—Mayr, Verh.
Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, p. 701, female.
Microterys melanacis THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 167, female and male.—
DaLLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 285.
Habitat.—Europe.
4. EPIENCYRTUS SORDIDUS Howard.
Encyrtus sordidus Howard, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool., XX VI, 1896, p. 153.
female.—DaLLa TorRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 263.
Habitat.— West Indies: Grenada.
69. SYRPHOPHAGUS Ashmead, new genus.
(Type, Lncyrtus mesograpte Ashmead. )
In wing venation this genus comes nearest to Mpiencyrtus, but is
easily separated, in the female sex, by the marked difference in the
antennee brought out in ny table.
398 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XH,
1. (?) SYRPHOPHAGUS FLAVICLAVUS Howard.
Eneyrtus flaviclavus Howard, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool., XXV, 1896, female.—:
DaLLaA TorRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 258.
Habitat.—West Indies: St. Vineent.
2. SYRPHOPHAGUS MESOGRAPT2 Ashmead.
Encyrtus mesograpte ASHMEAD, Tr, Am. Ent. Soc., XXIII, 1896, p. 232, female and
muale.—DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 261.
Type.—Cat. No. 4754, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.—F lorida.
Host.—Dipt.: Mesograpta polita Say.
3. SYRPHOPHAGUS QUADRIMACULAT Ashmead.
Pteromalus 4-maculate ASHMEAD (part), Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., XIV, 1887, p. 191.
Type.—Cat. No. 4755, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.—¥F lorida.
Host.—Dipt.: Syrphus ribesii Linneus.
4. SYRPHOPHAGUS MODERATUS Howard.
Encyrtus moderatus HOwaARD, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool., XX VI, 1896, p. 152,
femate.—DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 261.
Type.—Cat. No. 4756, U.S.N.M.; also in British Museum.
Habitat.—West Indies: Grenada.
5. SYRPHOPHAGUS SUBMETALLICUS Howard.
Eneyrtus submetallicus Howard, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool., XX VI, 1896, p. 157,
female.—DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, p. 264.
Type.—Cat. No. 4757, U.S.N.M.; also in British Museum.
Habitat.—West Indies: Grenada.
6. SYRPHOPHAGUS VECTIUS Walker.
Encyrtus vectius WALKER, Ann. and Mag. N. Hist., XX, 1847, p. 21, male-—Crrsson,
Syn. Hym.N. A., 1887, p. 239.—DaLLa Torre, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 265.
Habitat.—Florida.
7O. APHIDENCYRTUS Ashmead, new genus.
(Type, Eneyrtus aphidiphagus Ashmead. )
The characters used in my table of genera readily separate this genus —
from Pseudencyrtus and Epiencyrtus, the only genera, except possibly
Ooencyrtus, with which it could be confused. Its resemblance to the
last-mentioned genus, lies only in venational characteristics, since the
marginal vein is also short, nearly punctiform; the other characters
mentioned may, however, be depended upon to distinguish it.
All of the species falling in this genus, known to me, are parasitic on
Homoypterous insects belonging to the family Aphidide. It is also prob-
No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINA—ASHMEAD. B)$)
able, judging from the host, that the European Hneyrtus aphidivorus
Mayr (= H. athaas Girard), a species I have not seen, belongs here.
The North American species are:
1. APHIDENCYRTUS APHIDIPHAGUS Ashmead.
Eneyrtus aphidiphagus ASHMEAD, Bull. No. 14, U.S. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., 1887,
p. 14, female.—CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 312.—DaL_a TorrRE, Cat.
Hym., V, p. 255.
Type.—Cat. Nos. 2846, female, 4758, male, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead
collection.)
Habitat.—Florida: Jacksonville.
Host.—Rhynech.: Aphis brassice Linneus.
2. APHIDENCYRTUS LACHNI Ashmead.
Encyrtus lachnt ASHMEAD, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., XII, 1885, Proc., p. xvi, female.—
CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 239.—Daxua Torre, Cat. Hym., V, p. 260.
Type.—Cat. No. 4759, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.—Florida.
Host.—Rhynch.: Lachnus australis Ashmead.
3. APHIDENCYRTUS MEGOURZ Ashmead.
Eneyrtus megoure ASUMEAD, Bull. No. 14, U. 8. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., 1887, p.
19, female and male.—CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 312.—DALLA TorRRE,
Cat. Hym., V, p. 260.
Type.—Cat. No. 2851, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.—Vlorida: Jacksonville.
Host.—Rhynch.: Megoura solani Thomas.
4. APHIDENCYRTUS ROS Ashmead.
Slastothrix rose ASHMEAD, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., XIII, 1886, p. 130, female.—CreEs-
SON, Syn. Hym.N. A., 1887, p. 239.—DaLuia TORRE, Cat. Hyi., V, 1898, p. 253.
Type.—Cat. No. 4760, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.— Florida.
Host.—Rhynch.: Siphonophora rose var. floride Ashmead.
5. APHIDENCYRTUS SCHIZONEUR4: Ashmead.
Encyrtus schizoneurw ASHMEAD, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., XII, 1885, Proc., p. xvi, female
and male.—CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 239.—DaALLa TORRE, Cat.
Ifym., V, p. 263.
Type.—Cat. No. 4761, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.—Florida: Jacksonville.
Host.—Rhynch.: Schizoneura aquatica Ashmead.
6. APHIDENCYRTUS SIPHONOPHORZ Ashmead.
Encyrtus siphonophore ASHMEAD, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., XIf, 1886, p. 131, female.—
CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 289.—DALLA ToRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898,
p. 263.
Type.—Cat. No. 4761, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Halitat.—Florida: Jacksonville.
Host.-—RKhynech.: Siphonophora citrifolii Ashmead.
400 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOU. XxI |
7. APHIDENCYRTUS WEBSTERI Howard.
Encyrtus websteri HowaRrpD, Ins. Life, II, 1890, p, 247, female and male; fig. 14,
male.—DaLLa TORRE, Cat. Ilym., V, 1898, p. 265.
Type.—Cat. No. 1483, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Indiana.
Host.—Rhynch.: Siphonophora avene Fabricius.
71. CHOREIA Westwood.
1833. Choreia WESTWOOD, Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 122.
1871. Choria VOLLENHOVEN, Schets. Tab. 7.
(Type, Lncyrtus ineptus Dalman.)
Dalla Torre! has placed as a synonym of this genus Crantor Hali-
day.? Haliday’s brief description applies, however, to a wingless form
of an Aphelinus, and not to this genus.
72. CHEILONEURUS Westwood.
1833. Cheiloneurus Wrstwoop, Phil. Mag. (3), III, p. 343.
1856. Chiloneurus FORSTER, Hym. Stud., II, p. 32.
1856. Sterrhocoma FORSTER, Hym. Stud., II, p. 37, female.
(Type, Cheiloneurus formosus Westwood.)
1. CHEILONEURUS ALBICORNIS Howard.
Chilonewrus albicornis Howarp, Rep. U. 8. Dept. Agric., 1880, p. 363, pl. 1, fig. 4,
female; Bull. No. 5, U. 8. Dept. Agric., 1885, p. 16, female.—CrEssON, Syn.
Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 240.—DaLLa TorRE, Cat. Hym., V, p. 241.
Type.—Cat. No. 2608, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Washington.
Host.—Rhynch.: Lecanium sp.
2. CHEILONEURUS CUPREICOLLIS Ashmead.
Chiloneurus cupreicollis ASHMEAD, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., XIII, 1886, p. 131, female.—
CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 240.—DaLuLa Torre, Cat. Hym., V, p. 241.
Type.—Cat. No. 4762, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.—Florida: Jacksonville.
3. CHEILONEURUS DACTYLOPII Howard.
Chiloneurus dactylopii Howard, Bull. No. 5, U.S. Dept. Agric., 1885, p. 17, female
and male.—CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 240.—DaLia Torks, Cat.
Hym., V, p. 241.
Type.—Cat. No. 2641, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Washington.
No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINA—ASHMEAD. AOL
4. CHEILONEURUS DIASPIDINARUM Howard.
Chiloneurus diaspidinarum HOWARD, Ins, Life, VII, 1894, p. 256, female.—DALLA
TorReE, Cat. Hym., V, p. 241.
Type.—Cat. No. 1489, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—South Carolina: Liberty County.
Host.—Rhynch.: Mytilaspis pomorum Bouche.
5. CHEILONEURUS DUBIUS Howard.
Chiloneurus dubius HOWARD, Bull. No. 5, U. 8. Dept. Agric., 1885, p. 17, maie.—
CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 240.—DaLuLa ToRRE, Cat, Hym., V, p. 241.
Type.—Cat. No. 2640, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Wisconsin.
Host.—Rhynch.: Lecanium sp.
6. CHEILONEURUS FUNICULUS Howard.
Chiloneurus funiculus HowarD, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool., XXVI, p. 148,
female.—DaLLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, p. 242.
Type in British Museum.
Habitat.—West Indies: Grenada.
7. CHEILONEURUS NIGRESCENS Howard.
Chiloneurus nigrescens HOWARD, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool., XXVI, p. 148,
female.—DALLA TorRRE, Cat. Hym., V, p. 242.
Type in British Museum.
Habitat.—West Indies: Grenada.
73. ZAOMMA Ashmead, new genus.
(Type, Encyrtus argentipes Howard.)
This genus may be at once recognized by the very large rounded
eyes, which converge above and leave a very narrow linear vertex; by
the very short antennz which have the club enormously enlarged, longer
-, than the funicle and many times thicker, the joints of the funicle being
transverse; and by the clear hyaline wings.
1. ZAOMMA ARGENTIPES Howard.
Encyrtus argentipes Howard, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., XXV, 1894, p. 95, female.—
Daa TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, p. 255.
Type.—Cat. No. 2723, U.S.N.M.; British Museum.
Habitat.—West Indies: St. Vincent.
74. ADELENCYRTUS Ashmead, new genus.
(Type, Encyrtus chionaspidis Howard.)
Comes nearest to Zaomma Ashmead. Head in female viewed from
in front wider than long with the scrobes deep, semicircular. Antenne
short, the flagellum clavate, the club enlarged, but not enormously so,
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 26
402 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXI.
as in Zaomma, only about twice as broad as the funicle, but as long or
nearly; funicle joints transverse, the first two or three smaller than
the others, submoniliform; pedicel rather large; scape short, subclav-
ate or slightly thickened toward apex. Wings hyaline, but with the
venation quite different from that of Zaomma, the postmarginal and
stigmal veins being much shorter than in that genus.
The male, or what I take to be the male, has the flagellum filiform,
tapering off at tip, with the joints a little longer than thick, and
clothed with a very short, fine pubescence.
1. ADELENCYRTUS CHIONASPIDIS Howard.
Encyrtus chionaspidis HOoOwarp, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1896, p. 637,
female.—DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 256.
Type.——Cat. No. 3253, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Ceylon.
Host.—Rhynch.: Chionaspis graminis Green.
2. ADELENCYRTUS PLANCHONIZ Howard.
Encyrtus planchonie HOWARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1896, p. 637, female.-—
Daua ToRRE, Cat. Hym.,V, 1898, p. 262.
Type.—Cat. No. 3253, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Ceylon.
Host.—Bhynch.: Planchonia delicata Green.
3. ADELENCYRTUS SOLIDUS Howard.
Encyrtus solidus HOWARD, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1896, p. 638, male.—
DaLua TorRE, Cat. Hym.,V, 1898, p. 263.
Type.—Cat. No. 3256, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Ceylon. :
Host.—Rhynch.: Eriococcus rhodomyrti Green.
75. CALLIPTEROMA Motschulsky.
1863. Callipteroma MOTSCHULSKY, Bull. Soc. Natur. Moscow, XXXVI (2), p. 35.
1898. Calliopteroma DaLLa ToRRE, Cat. Hym., IV, p. 307.
(Type, Callipteroma 5-guttata Motschulsky. )
1. CALLIPTEROMA QUINQUEGUTTATA Motschulsky.
Callipteroma 5-guttata MOTSCHULSKY, Bull. Soc. Natur. Moscow, XXXVI, 1863, p.
36, pl. 11, fig. 5.
Calliopteroma 5-guttata, DALLA ToRRE, Cat. Hym., IV, p. 307.
Habitat.—-Ceylon.
a
2. CALLIPTEROMA SEXGUTATA Motschulsky.
Callipteroma sexguitata MOTSCHULSKY, Bull. Soc..Natur. Moscow, XXXVI, 1863,
p. 37.
Calliopteroma sexguttata DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., IV, p. 307.
Habitat.—Ceylon.
~ No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTIN—ASHMEAD. 403
3. CALLIPTEROMA TESTACEA Motschulsky.
Callipteroma testacea MOTSCHULSKY, Bull. Soc. Natur. Moscow, XXXVI, 1863, p. 37.
Calliopteroma testacea DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., IV, p. 307.
- Habitat.—Ceylon.
76. CERAPTEROCERUS Westwood.
1833. Cerapterocerus WESTWOOD, Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 495.
1848. Telegraphus RATZEBURG, Ichn. d. Forstins., II, p. 153.
(Type, Cerapterocerus mirabilis Westwood. )
1. CERAPTEROCERUS FLORIDANUS Ashmead.
_ Cerapterocerus floridanus ASHMEAD, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., XIV, 1887, p.190.—DaLLa
TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, p. 256.
Type.—Cat. No. 1472, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collevtion.)
Habitat.—Florida: Jacksonville.
2. CERAPTROCERUS LATEVITTATUS Costa.
Ceraptrocerus latevittatus Costa, Atti accad. sc. Napoli, IX, 1882, p. 38.—DALLA
ToRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 236.
Habitat.—Europe: Sardinia.
3. CERAPTROCERUS MIRABILIS Westwood.
Ceraptrocerus mirabilis WESTWOOD, Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, 1833, p. 495 (part).—
WALKER, Ent. Mag., V, 1837, p. 114.—WeEstTwoop, Intro., II, 1840, Synop.,
p. 73. :
Encyrtus mirabilicornis FORSTER, Beitr. Monogr. Pteromal., 1841, p. 45.
Telegraphus mirabilicornis RATZEBURG, Ichn. d. Forstins., II, 1848, pp. 152, 153;
Borg, Stettin entom. Zeitg.; IT, 1857, p. 194.
Ceraptrocerus mirabilis REINHARD, Berlin, entom. Zeitschr., II, 1858, p. 12.—
WALKER, Notes on Chalcid., Pt. 7, 1872, p. 73; Entomologist, VI, 1872, p. 131,
fig —THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 151.—Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot.
Ges. Wien, XXV, 1876, p. 748.—VOLLENHOVEN, Pinacogr., 1879, p. 55; pl.
XXXV, figs. 4,5.—DaLLa TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 236.
Habitat.—Kurope: England; Germany; Austria; Sweden.
4. CERAPTROCERUS PILICORNIS Thomson.
Ceraptrocerus mirabilis WESTWOOD, Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, 1833, p. 495 (part).
Ceraptrocerus pilicornis THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 152, female.
Habitat.—Europe: Sweden.
1 BROW EP iS Horster:
1856. Habrolepis FORSTER, Hym. Stud., II, p. 34.
(Type, Encyrtus dalmani Westwood. )
1. HABROLEPIS DALMANI Westwood.
Encyrtus dalmani WESTWOOD, Phil. Mag. (3), X, 1837, p. 440.
Encyrtus nubilipennis (CURTIS) WALKER, Ent. Mag., V, 1837, p. 113, female.
Habrolepis nubilipennis FORSTER, Hym. Stud., II, 1856, p. 38.
Encyrtus nubilipennis Six, Tjidschr. v. Ent., X, 1867, p. 221, pl. x, fig. h.
404 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. t
Habrolepis dalmani Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XXV, 1875, p. 751.—
WaACHTL, Wien. Ent. Zeitg., I, 1882, p. 298.—DaLua ToRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898,
p. 232.
Habitat.—Europe; North America; Asia.
Host.—Rhynch.: Asterodiaspis quercicola Bouché.
2. HABROLEPIS CYANEA Ashmead.
Comys cyanea ASHMEAD, Ent. Amer., IV, 1888, p. 17, female.—DaLua TORRE, Cat.
Hym., V, 1898, p. 239. :
Type.—Cat. No. 4763, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.—Florida: Jacksonville.
3. HABROLEPIS ZETTERSTEDII Westwood.
Encyrtus zetterstediti WESTWOOD, Phil. Mag. (3), X, 1837, p. 440.—WaLkER, Ent.
Mag., V, 1837, p. 113, female.
Encyrtus dendripennis RATZEBURG, Ichn. d. Forstins., III, 1852, p. 189, female.
Encyrtus zetterstedii REINHARD, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., II, 1858, p. 19.
Habrolepis zetterstediti Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XX V, 1875, p. 752,
female.—THOMSON, Hym. Scand., IV, 1875, p. 153, female and male.
Habitat.—Europe; North America.
Host.—Rhynch.: Aspidiotus tilie Signoret.
78. HOMALOPODA Howard.
1894. Homalopoda Howarp, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool., XXV, p. 90.
(Type, Homalopoda cristata Howard.)
1. HOMALOPODA CRISTATA Howard.
Homalopoda cristata HowarpD, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool., XX V, 1894, p. 91,
female.—DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, p. 240.
Type.—Cat. No. 2718, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—West Indies: St. Vincent.
Host.—trhynch.: Aspidiotus secretus Cockerell.
79. EUSEMION Dahlbom.
1857. Husemion DAHLBoM, Ofvers. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Férh., XIV, p. 293.
(Type, Encyrtus corniger Haliday.)
1. EUSEMION LONGIPENNIS Ashmead.
Mira longipennis ASHMEAD, Ent. Amer., IV, 1888, p. 17, female.—DALLA TORRE,
Cat. Hym., V, p. 237.
Type.—Cat: No. 4764, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.—Florida: Jacksonville.
Host.—Rhynch.: Lecaniwm sp. on oak.
80: ATROPATES Howard:
1898. Airopates HOWARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXI, p. 236.
(Type, Atropates collinsi Howard.)
No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENOCYRTINA—ASHMEAD. A405
1. ATROPATES COLLINSI Howard.
Atropates collinsi HowaRD, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1898, p. 236, female and
male.
Type.—Cat. No. 5028, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—New York: Brooklyn, Roslyn.
Host.—Rhynch.: Pulvinaria innumerabilis Rathvon.
Si. CH RYSOPLATYCERUS Ashmead.
1888. Rileya HOWARD, Can. Ent., XX, p. 148 (nec Ashmead).
1889. Chrysoplatycerus ASHMEAD, Can. Ent., XXI, p. 38.
(Type, Rileya splendens Howard.)
1. CHRYSOPLATYCERUS.SPLENDENS Howard.
Rileya splendens (HOWARD) SMITH, Ent. Amer., 1888, p. 80 [notice of species].
Rileya splendens Howarp, Can. Ent., XX, 1888, pp. 191-194, female, fig.—AsH-
MEAD, Can. Ent., XX, 1888, p. 229; XXI, 1889, p. 13.
Chrysoplatycerus splendens ASHMEAD, Can. Ent., X XI, 1889, p.38.—DALLA TORRE,
Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 266.
Type.—Cat. No. 1492, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—California.
Host.—Rhynch.: Dactylopius sp.
2. CHRYSOPLATYCERUS HOWARDII Ashmead, new species.
Female.—Length, 1-6 mm. Ferruginous; the broadly dilated scape
above and the broad, compressed flagellum brown-black or dark fuscous;
abdomen blue-black, with an aeneous tinge; hind legs brown, the tibiz
fuscous, with the tarsi, except basal and last joints, white or whitish;
wings with the apical three-fifths embrowned, the basal two-fifths clear
hyaline; hair tuft on scutellum long, black.
Type.—Cat. No. 4764, U.S.N.M.; also in collection of the American
Entomological Society.
Habitat.—Mexico.
Described from two female specimens received from the American
Entomological Society of Philadelphia, labeled 461 and 435, and sup-
posed to have been received from Mexico.
82. ASTEROPAUS Howard.
1898. Asteropeus HOWARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXI, p. 232.
(Type, Asteropeus primus Howard.)
1. ASTEROPAZUS PRIMUS Howard.
Asteropeus primus HOWARD, Proce. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXI, p. 231, female.
Type.—Cat. No. 5021, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Mexico: Guaymas.
Host.—Rhynch.: Ceroplastes sp.
83. ANICETUS Howard.
1896. Anicetus Howard, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, p. 639.
(Type, Anicetus ceylonensis Howard.)
406 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
1. ANICETUS CEYLONENSIS Howard.
Anicetus ceylonensis HOWARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1896, p. 639, female.
Type.—Cat. No. 3258, U.S.N.M.
_ Habitat.—Ceylon.
Host.—Rhynch.: Vinsonia stellifera Westwood.
84. ZARHOPALUS Ashmead, new genus.
(Type, Zarhopalus sheldoni Ashmead. )
Head antero-posteriorly thick, with some sparse punctures above,
the scrobes deep semicircular, but not bounded by a carina superiorly.
Ocelli arranged in a triangle, the lateral ocelli touching the eye margin.
Eyes large oval, sparsely hairy. Antenne short, stout, the scape dilated
beneath toward apex, the flagelluin strongly incrassated, subcom-
pressed, and hardly longer than the scape; the pedicel is long, longer:
than the first 3 joints of funicle united, the latter being annular. Front
wings fuliginous, the marginal vein punctiform, the stigmal and post-
marginal veins very long, as in Hneyrtus (Comys).
1. ZARHOPALUS SHELDONI Ashmead, new species.
Female.—Length, 1.2 mm. Black, submetallic, and highly polished;
tarsi, except last joint, white or pale yellowish white.
The mesonotum is a little shorter than the scutellum, and with the
latter highly polished and impunctate; the wings are fuliginous, but
paler at basal third, the veins black; while the abdomen is oval, not
longer than the thorax.
Type.—Cat. No. 4766, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.—Lake Placid, New York (Charles Sheldon); Bladensburg,
Maryland (E. A. Schwarz).
2. ZARHOPALUS INQUISITOR Howard.
Encyrtus inquisitor HOWARD, Rep. U. 8. Dept. Agric., 1880-81, p. 367, female.—
Cresson, Syn. Hym. N. A., p. 239.—DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 260.
Type.—Cat. No. 2616, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Florida.
Host.—Rhynch.: Dactylopius destructor Comstock.
3. ZARHOPALUS CRASSUS Howard.
Encyrtus crassus HowarD, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool., XX VI, 1894, p. 93,
female.—DALLa TorRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 257.
Type in British Museum.
Habitat.—W est Indies: St. Vincent.
4. (?) ZARHOPALUS QUADRICOLOR Howard.
Encyrtus quadricolor HowaRD, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool., XXV, 1894, p. 93,
male,—DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 262.
Habitat.—West Indies: St. Vincent.
~ yo. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINE—ASHMEAD. Alia:
85. METALLON Walker.
1848. Metallon WALKER, List Chale. Brit. Mus., II, p. 219.
1856. Rhopus FORSTER, Hym. Stud , II, p. 34.
1875. Technites THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, p. 118.
1880. Acerophagus SMITH (EMILY), N. Am. Entom., I, p. 83 (teste Howard).
(Type, Metallon acacallis Walker. )
1. METALLON ACACALLIS Walker.
Metallon acacallis WALKER, List Chale. Brit. Mus., II, 1848, p. 220, female.—
DaLua TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 236.
Habitat.—England.
2. METALLON ATRICEPS Walker.
Metallon atriceps WALKER, Notes on Chale., Pt. 7) 1872, p. 115, male.—DaLia
ToRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 236.
Habitat.—Africa: Madeira.
3. METALLON COCCOIS Smith (Emily).
Acerophagus coccois SMITH (EMILY), N. A. Entom., I, 1880, p. 83, pl. V1, figs. 20-23.
Rhopus coccois HOWARD, Rep. U. 8. Dept. Agric., 1880-81, p. 361, pl. xxrv, fig.
2.—CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 238. —DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V,
1898, p. 232. ;
Cotype.—Cat. No. 1470, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Illinois; Pennsylvania.
Host.—Khyuch.: Pseudococcus aceris Signoret.
4. METALLON DEBILIS Forster.
Rhopus debilis FORSTER, Progr. Realsch. Aachen, 1861, p. xxxiii, male.—
DALLA TorRRE, Jahresber. naturf. Ges. Graubunden, XXVIII, 1885, p. 61;
Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 282.
Habitat.—Europe: Switzerland.
5. METALLON FUSCITARSIS Thomson.
Metallon fuscitarsis THoMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 169, female:-—DaLLa
TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 236.
Habitat.—Europe: Sweden.
6. METALLON INFUSCATUS Forster.
Rhopus infusvatus FORSTER, Progr. Realsch. Aachen, 1861, p. xxxiii, male.—
Data ToRRE, Jabresber. naturf. Ges. Graubunden, XXVIII, 1885, p. 61;
Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 232.
Habitat.—Europe: Switzerland.
7. METALLON TESTACEOUS Ratzeburg.
?Encyrtus piso WALKER, Ent. Mag., V, 1838, p. 423, male.
Eneyrtus testaceus RATZEBURG, Ichn. d. Forstins., IT, 1848, p. 146; IIT, 1852, p. 190.
Rhopus piso FORSTER, Hym. Stud., I, 1856, p. 37.
Rhopus testaceus Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, p. 691, female and
male.—DaLuLa TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 232.
Habitat.—Europe.
Host.—Rhynch.: Physokermes abietis Modeer.
408 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXUL
86. CERCOBELUS Walker.
1837. Cercobelus WALKER, Ent. Mag., V, p. 48.
(Type, Cercobelus jugeus Walker.)
1. CERCOBELUS JUGAZUS Walker.
Encyrtus (Cercobelus) jugeus WALKER, Ent. Mag., V, 1837, p.48, female; Ento-
mologist, 1841, pl. N, fig. 1.
Cercobelus jugeus FORSTER, Hym. Stud., II, 1856, p. 36.—Wa.LkeErR, Notes on
Chalcid, Pt. 5, 1872, p. 73, fig —THomson, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 171,
female.—DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 231.
Habitat.—Kurope.
87. COCCOBIUS Ratzeburg.
1852. Coccobius RATZEBURG (part), Ichn. d. Forstins., III, p. 195.
(Type?)
Ratzeburg, in his original description of this genus, as has been
shown by Dr. Howard, confused with it a number of species belonging
to Aphelimus or allied genera; but, nevertheless, he must have had before
him at least one genuine Encyrtine, as his figure, both of venation and
antenna, clearly shows; and I here restore the name for a species
agreeing in all particulars with his brief diagnosis and his figure. No
Aphelinine has a wing-venation as figured by Ratzeburg. .
1. COCCOBIUS DIASPIDIS Ashmead, new species.
Female.—Length, 0.3mm. Polished black; scape and legs pale yel-
low, the clavate 5-jointed flagellum, light brown; wings hyaline, the
marginal vein punctiform, the post-marginal vein entirely wanting, the
stigmal vein very minute, represented by a subpetiolated dot.
Type.—Cat. No. 5084, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—W ashington.
fost.—Rhynch.: Diaspis rose Bouché.
Described from two specimens reared at the Department of Agricul-
ture May 18, 1895, from Diaspis rose Bouché.
Tribe IV. ARREVENOPHAGINE.
8S. RH OPOIDEUS Hoyvjrard:
1898. Rhopoideus HowarD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXI, p. 235.
(Type, Rhopoideus citrinus Howard.)
1. RHOPOIDEUS CITRINUS Howard. :
Rhopoideus citrinus Howarp, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1898, p. 235, female.
Type.—Cat. No. 5027, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—California: Truckee.
Host.—? Lepid.: Tortricid; Rhynch.: Aspidiotus perniciosus Com-
stock.
89. ARRHENOPHAGUS Aurivillius.
1888. Arrhenophagus AURIVILLIUS, Ent. Tidskr., IX, p. 144.
(Type, Arrhenophagus chionaspidis Aurivillius. )
NO. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINA—ASHMEAD. 409
1. ARRHENOPHAGUS CHIONASPIDIS Aurivillius.
Arrhenophagus chionaspidis AURIVILLIUS, Ent. Tidskr., IX, 1888, p. 146, pl. 1,
figs. 1-9.—DaALLA TorkzE, Cat. Hym.,V, 1898, p. 266.—Howarp, Proc. Ent. Soe.
Wash., IV, 1898, p. 135, fig. 9, male and female antennez.
Co-type.—Cat. No. 4854, U.S.N.M. (Chris. Aurivillius collection.)
Habitat.—EKurope; North America; Asia; Ceylon; Australia.
Host.—Rhynch.: Chionaspis salicis Signoret, C. eugenie Maskell,
Diaspis rose Bouché, D. ostreeformis Signoret, Fiorinia saprosme Green,
Aspidiotus nerti Bouché.
Subfamily Ill. SIGNIPHORIN 2.
90. SIGNIPHORA Ashmead.
1880. Signiphora ASHMEAD, Orange Insects, 1880, p. 30.
1894. Signiphora Howarp, Insect Life, VI, p. 233.
(Type, Signiphora flavopalliata Ashmead.)
TABLE OF SPECIES.
Bothy Mo0 ANON by EVES 65634 See Boe eB SeGoe GABSoG COoD oh Ss eOS does Goan see se Hue eAnis be 2
Body wholly black or blue-black.
Wings fuliginous on basal half; all tarsi white, the middle and anterior tibiew
brown, rest of lees blacks son s5—- ae o5 (1) S. nigra Ashmead, new species.
Wings fuscous with a hyaline band across the middle; legs black, a dot on
knees and the tarsi whitish..-_..- (2) S. australiensis Ashmead, new species.
Wings hyaline, with a fuscous band across the middle; tarsi alone white.
(3) S. dactylopit Ashmead, new species.
Wings entirely hyaline; all tarsi white...(4) S. noacki Ashmead, new species.
2. Head, thorax, and most of the abdomen yellow.-..---.-....----.2--+-----:-: 4
Head anteriorly and a broad band between the wings ivory white........-.. 3
Thorax black, with a single narrow yellowish-white band across the base of the
scutellum and continued at sides along the posterior margin of the meso-
pleura and the mesosternal suture; wings hyaline.
(5) S. wnifasciata Ashmead, new species.
Thorax black, with two transverse narrow bands between the tegule; wings
hiypalliiim @yetiaess Sissies uence eee ts (6) S. bifasciata Ashmead, new species.
Head and abdomen blue-black; thorax, except the pronotum, bright yellow;
wings hyaline with a dusky band beneath the marginal vein.
(7) S. flavopalliata Ashmead.
Head and thorax mostly brown.
Mesonotum lemon-yellow; abdomen brown-black; wings hyaline, with a broad
fuscous band beneath the marginal vein....-....-(8) S. occidentalis Howard.
Mesonotum brown, the lateral margins narrowly yellow; abdomen seneous
black; wings clear hyaline..---.-.---- (9) S. mexicana Ashmead, new species.
8. Head anteriorly, a broad band between wings including the metathorax, and
sutures between abdominal segments, ivory white; wings hyaline with a
discoidal cloud beneath the marginal vein.
(10) S. rhizococcti Ashmead, new species.
4. Body mostly yellow; thorax at anterior apex, band across base of abdomen,
ovipositor, and band across middle of front wings dark brown.
Band at base of abdomen narrower, including hardly one-third of its length;
club of antennz entirely yellow.--...(11) S. aleyrodis Ashmead, new species.
Band at base of abdomen including more than one-third of its length; club
wholly yellow; no distinct band between the eyes.
(12) S. coquilletti Ashmead, new species.
410 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXU.
Club of antennz with its apical half brown.
(18) S. aspidioti Ashmead, new species.
Band at base of abdomen including more than one-half of the abdomen, some-
times with only the tip yellow; club of antennz shorter and wholly yellow.
(14) S. townsendi Ashmead, new species.
1. SIGNIPHORA NIGRA Ashmead, new species.
Female.—Length, about 0.55 mm. Polished black impunctate, but
with a decided aeneous tinge in certain lights. Flagellum brown-black,
Legs black, the anterior and middle tibiae brownish, their tips and all
tarsi white. Wings with the basal half or more fuliginous, the apical
half or less hyaline.
Type.—Cat. No. 4767, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.—District of Columbia: Washington.
2. SIGNIPHORA AUSTRALIENSIS Ashmead, new species.
Female.—Length, 0.60 mm. <Aeneous black, the mesonotum with a
bronzy tinge, the scutellum with a slight bluish tinge; legs black, a spot
on knees and tarsi white or yellowish-white, the anterior tibiz yellow-
ish beneath; wings fuscous with a hyaline band across the disk from
apex of the marginal vein.
Type._-Cat. No. 4771, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Australia. (Albert Koebele, collector.)
Host.—Rhynch.: Sp. not identified.
3. SIGNIPHORA DACTYLOPII Ashmead, new species.
Female.—Length, 0.58 mm. Blue-black, the mesonotum with an aene-
ous tinge anteriorly; legs concolorous with the body, except the tarsi,
which are white; wings hyaline, with a fuscous band across the middle
from beneath marginal vein to the hind margin.
Type.—Cat. No. 4772, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—District of Columbia.
Host.--Rhynch.: Dactylopius ephedre Coquillett. Bred at Depart-
ment of Agriculture.
4. SIGNIPHORA NOACKI Ashmead, new species.
Female.—Length, 0.50 mm. Coal-black, except a whitish line on the
hind margin of the mesopleura, along the suture separating it from the
metapleura and the tarsi, which are white; wings wholly hyaline.
Type.—Cat. No. 4773, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Brazil: San Paulo. (F. Noack.)
Host.—Rhyneh.: Psylla sp. on a wild shrub. Bred October, 1897, by
F. Noack.
5. SIGNIPHORA UNIFASCIATA Ashmead, new species.
Female.—Length, about 0.70 mm. Black, with a narrow yellowish-
white band across base of scutellum and continued “below on the hind
margin of the mesopleura and along the mesosternal suture; tarsi white;
wings hyaline.
Type.—Cat. No. 4774, U.S.N.M.
ae nit
no. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINZ—ASHMEAD. All
Habitat.—Florida: Georgiana. (Dr. Wittfield.)
Host.—Rhynch.: Ceropsylla sideroxyli Riley.
6. SIGNIPHORA BIFASCIATA Ashmead, new species.
_ Female.—Length, about 0.60 mm. Black, with two transverse yellow
bands on thorax above between the tegulie, or on the hind border of the
mesonotum, the other at the base of the scutellum, the latter also con-
tinued along the mesopleural suture; legs black or blackish, the knees
yellowish, the tarsi whitish; wings hyaline.
Type.—Cat. No. 4775, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.— West Indies: St. Vincent. (H.H. Smith.)
7. SIGNIPHORA FLAVOPALLIATA Ashmead.
Signiphora flavopalliata ASHMEAD, Orange Insects, 1880, p. 30.—HowarpD, Rep.
U.S. Dept. Agric., 1880-81, p. 371; Ins. Life, VI, 1894, p.235.—DaLLa ToRRE,
Cat. Hym.. V, 1898, p. 217.
Type.—Cat. No. 2801, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.)
Habitat.— Florida.
Host.—Rhynch.: Aspidiotus citricola Packard, A. cydonic: Comstock,
Mytilaspis glovertti Packard, Aleyrodes sp.
8. SIGNIPHORA OCCIDENTALIS Howard.
Signiphora occidentalis HOWARD, Ins. Life, VI, 1894, p. 233, fig. 12, female and
male.—DaLua TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 217.
Type.—Cat. No. 1473, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—California: San Gabriel.
Host.—Rhynch.: Aspidiotus aurantii var. citrinus Coquillett.
9. SIGNIPHORA MEXICANA Ashmead, new species.
Female.—Length, about 0.45 mm. Head, thorax, antenne, and legs,
except tarsi, brownish-yellow; abdomen neous black; tarsi white;
mesonotum margined with yellow at sides; wings hyaline.
Type.—Cat. No. 4776, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Mexico: San Luis.
Host.—Rhynch.: Aspidiotus nertt Bouché. (Tyler Townsend.)
10. SIGNIPHORA RHIZOCOCCI Ashmead, new species.
Female.—Length, about 0.50 mm. Head anteriorly, a broad band on
thorax between the wings and the sutures between abdominal segments,
more or less, ivory white; club of antenne and vertex faintly dusky;
anterior orbits narrowly, rest of body and a broad band on middle of
front wings, dark brown.
Type.—Cat. No. 4858, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Brazil: Minas Geras.
Host.—Rhynch.: Rhizococcus sp. on a composite plant. Bred by F.
Noack, July, 1897. One specimen.
412 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL
11. SIGNIPHORA ALEYRODIS Ashmead, new species.
Female.—Length, about 0.50 mm. Body mostly golden-yellow; ver-
tex of head faintly dusky; thorax anteriorly and very narrowly, and a
band across base of abdomen including hardly one-third its length,
dark brown; wings hyaline, with a dusky band across the middle just
beneath the marginal vein, which is a little narrower at the hind mar-
gin than at its origin; antenne and legs entirely pale yellowish white.
Type.—Cat. No. 4855, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—West Indies: Trinidad.
Host.—Rhynch.: Aleyrodes sp.on orange. Two specimens, Acc. No.
6162, Department of Agriculture.
12, SIGNIPHORA COQUILLETTI Ashmead, new species.
Female.—Length, hardly 0.50 mm. Bright golden-yellow; vertex of
head fuscous; thorax entirely, and abdomen, except a dark brown
band at base which occupies fully one-third or more of its length,
yellow; otherwise as in Aleyrodis.
Type.—Cat. No. 4857, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Rhynch.: Aleyrodes sp. on Quercus agrifolia.
Easily distinguished from S. aleyrodis by the fuscous vertex and the
absence of the brown blotch on the anterior part of the thorax.
13. SIGNIPHORA ASPIDIOTI Ashmead, new species.
Female.—Length, about 0.50 mm. Lemon or golden-yellow; head
faintly dusky above; apical half of antennal club, anterior half of the
mesonotum, and a broad transverse band at base of abdomen, includ-
ing nearly half its length, dark brown; wings with a broad fuscous
band, as in previous species.
Type.—Cat. No. 4859, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.——Mexico: San Louis.
Host.—Rhynch.: Aspidiotus nerti Bouché. Bred November, 1894, by
Tyler Townsend.
14.4 SIGNIPHORA TOWNSENDI Ashmead, new species.
Female.—Length, about 0.45 mm. Mostly dark-brown; a broad
band between the wings including the hind margin of the mesonotum,
scutellums, and metathorax, and the apical third of abdomen, or less,
lemon-yellow. Wings hyaline, as in previous species, but the fuscous
band has a deep median hyaline emargination on its basal margin.
Antenne and legs pale yellowish, the club rather short, about one-third
shorter than in the other species.
Type.—Cat. No. 4856, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.—Mexico: Tabasco.
Host.—Rhynch.: Aleyrodes sp.onacoarse grass. Bred by Tyler Town-
send, June 19, 1897. Four specimens.
A HUNDRED NEW MOTHS OF FHE FAMILY NOCTUIDA.
By Joun B. SMITH, Se. D.,
Rutgers College, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
Among the specimens sent me by correspondents for determination
from time to time there is always a little residue that can not be cer-
tainly named. The material is for some reason or other not sufficient,
or not satisfactory enough to make it safe to say that a new species is
at hand, and the specimens are placed with their nearest allies,
awaiting mates. The mere description of species is not to me an
agreeable task, and so, gradually, specimens have accumulated until
it seems necessary to put them into their proper places to facilitate
future recognition. In the descriptions presented herewith the source
of the specimens is acknowledged in almost every instance. Where
it is not done, it is because accurate data no longer exist. With few
exceptions, the types of the species are now or will be deposited in the
U.S. National Museum. The exceptions are principally of specimens
belonging to other institutions, or where I could not dispose of the
specimens according to my own inclinations. ‘There are a few notes on
other species; but the paper, as a whole, is intended to be descriptive.
LIST OF SPECIES DESCRIBED.
1. Arsilonche colorada. 19. Carneades compressipennis.
2. Chytonix semifascia. 20. Carneades falerina.
3. Copibryophila angelica. 21. Carneades vallus.
4. Setagrotis quebecensis. 22. Carneades sessile.
5. Setagrotis radiatus. 23. Carneades relaxus.
6. Carneades pugionis. 24. Carneades luteositus.
7. Carneades nevada. 25. Carneades tocoye.
8. Carneades contagionis. 26. Carneades incubita.
9. Carneades loya. 27. Carneades terrenus.
10. Carneades flaviscapula. 28. Carneades territorialis.
11. Carneades excogita. 29. Carneades fulda.
12. Carneades exculta. 30. Carneades itodes.
13. Carneades nevulus. 31. Carneades laggane.
14. Carneades megastigma. 32. Carneades ontario.
15. Carneades stigmatalis. 33. Carneades testula.
16. Carneades termessus. 34. Carneades difformis.
17. Carneades enteridis. 35. Carneades dakota.
18. Carneades atropulverea. 36. Carneades holoberba.
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXII—No. 1208.
413
414 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
37. Carneades kerrvillei. 69. Hadena tela.
38. Carneades ternarius. 70. Polia extincta.
39. Carneades noctuiformis. 71. Polia acera.
40. Carneades intrusa. 72. Polia dispar.
41. Carneades neotelis. 73. Polia ochracea.
42. Carneades atrofusca. 74. Perigea lucetta.
43. Carneades objurgata. 75. Perigea cervina.
44. Carneades cariosus. 76. Perigea texana.
45. Carneades malis. 77. Perigea consors.
46. Carneades pindar. 78. Caradrina leucorena.
47. Carneades henrietta. 79. Homohadena candid.
48. Carneades vanidicus. 80. Oncocnemis ciliata.
49. Carneades faminalis. 81. Trichopolia serrata. .
50. Carneades nordica. 82. Leucania velutina. -
51. Carneades factoris. 83. Himella quadristigma.
52. Carneades cesius. 84. Selicanis cinereola.
53. Carneades acutifrons. 85. Anepischetos bipartita.
54. Carneades selenis. 86. Diallagma lutea.
55. Carneades laminis. 87. Heliodes angelica.
56. Anytus atristrigatus. 88. Heliodes restrictalis.
57. Mamestra senatoria. 89. Narthecophora pulverea.
58. Mamestra rainierii. 90. Palada scarletina.
59. Mamestra bolteri. 91. Schinia reniformis.
60. Mamestra yakima. 92. Schinia oculata.
61. Mamestra dilatata. 93. Schinia ciliata.
62. Mamestra florida. 94. Tripudia balteata.
63. Mamestra roseosuffusa. 95. Tripudia luxuriosa.
64. Mamestra griseata. 96. Parora texana.
65. Hadena tapeta. 97. Synedoida subtermina.
66. Hadena luteocinerea. 98. Antiblemma minorata.
67. Hadena mustelina. 99. Antiblemma fasciata.
68. Hadena jocasta. 100. Bomolocha vega.
1. ARSILONCHE COLORADA, new species.
Ground color a rather pale reddish luteous, somewhat sparsely pow-
dered with black scales. On the thorax these scales tend to form.a
submarginal line. On the primaries they form a very obscure little dot
at the lower angle of the cell and vague streaks in the interspaces, the
veins being narrowly white marked. The indication is that the streaks
in the interspaces of the median and submedian series may become
well marked, but in the two examples before me there are no contrasts.
Secondaries more whitish, a vague marginal shading, else immaculate.
Beneath somewhat paler, disk of primaries somewhat smoky, else
immaculate.
Expanse, 31 to 33 mm. = 1.24 to 1.32 inches.
Habitat.—Glenwood Springs, Colorado; September, Dr. Barnes.
Two females, who have for some years been awaiting a mate. The
Species is now described because it is not easy to mistake it, and it
differs obviously from our eastern form in the smaller size and more
dull, reddish luteous coloring.
Incidentally, it may be said that it is probable that Mr. Grote’s name
/ NO.1208. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 415
_ henrict may have to be reinstated for the eastern form usually named
albovenosa. It seems that there is a small, though constant, difference
in the male sexual parts, which is not accompanied by any noticeable
superficial differences and seems not to be accompanied by any larval
differences obvious to Dr. Dyar.
2. CHYTONIX SEMIFASCIA, new species.
Ground color a somewhat smoky brown, variously powdered. Head
without obvious markings, collar with a black tip, disk of the thorax
pure white, in strong contrast with the rest of the markings. Edge of
the patagia blackish; the scales of the posterior tuft brown tipped.
Primaries with the upper half of the wings smoky brown, the lower
half blackish brown, the shades merging gradually. The markings are
all obscure and are traceable with difficulty. The basal line is marked
on the costa only and never distinctly. The transverse anterior line is
geminate, but the outer line only is obvious. In course it is usually
oblique, with the usual outcurve below the median vein. Transverse
posterior line geminate, both parts of it almost equally indistinct, the
inner perhaps a little the better marked. The defining lines are very
even, but the line as a whole is almost rectangularly bent over the cell
and then incurved below. The subterminal line is scarcely marked
above the middle except by a blackish dash near the apex. Below the
middle it is traceable as a gray or whitish shading through the dusky
part of the wing. There is a smoky terminal line, beyond which there
is a pale line at the base of the fringes, which are interlined with black-
ish and cut with brown on the veins. The ordinary spots are vaguely
indicated, outlined by very slightly darker brown shadings. There is
a distinct black basal dash, which reaches the transverse anterior line,
and beyond it is the small, loop-like claviform, which is defined in a
pure white patch which fills the median space between the median
lines and extends upward to the median vein. Through this white
patch some specimens show the remnant of a median shade. Beyond
the transverse posterior line a blackish shade forms the continuation
of the basal line and reaches the subterminal line. Above this there
is a little black sagittate mark. Toward the apex there is a brown
shading which is broad on the margin and narrows toward the subter- ~
minal line. Secondaries yellowish white, a little silky in appearance,
with a blackish line at the base of the fringes as well as a vague small
discal lunule. Beneath powdery, yellowish white, both wings with a
discal lunule.
Expanse, 25 to 29 mm. = 1 to 1.15 inches.
Habitat.—Glenwood Springs, Colorado, in July; Garfield County,
Colorado, 6,000 feet.
Type.—Cat. No. 4147, U.S.N.M.
This pretty little species has been taken by Mr. Bruce and also by
Dr. Barnes; both sexes being before me. It is a sharply marked form,
416 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
easily distinguished by the white thoracic disk and the prominent
white spots on the inner margin, filling the median space at that point.
It forms almost a half band of white, but does not quite reach the
middle of the wing. When the specimen is spread the three white
spots centering in the thorax give the creature a very characteristic
appearance. Perhaps the insect would be a little better referred to
Bryophila; but it is nearer in general appearance to the species of Chy-
tonix, while not so broad winged.
COPIBRYOPHILA, new genus.
Hyes naked, large, hemispherical. Head moderate in size, distinct,
not at all retracted, front conical and produced into a flat, wedge-
shaped process which terminates in a broad, chisel-like tip. Vestiture
sealy, forming no obvious tuftings. Palpi slender, cylindrical, reach-
ing to or projecting a little beyond the frontal process. Antenne sim-
ple in both sexes. Thorax rather short, subglobular, vestiture scaly,
forming no obvious tufts, though there is a posterior bunching; pata-
gia evident, though not uplifted. Abdomen reaching to or a little
exceeding the anal angle of secondaries; slender, smoothly scaled.
Legs well developed, tibiz: not spinose, the anterior not armed at tip,
spurs of the middle and posterior tibiz long and prominent. Vestiture
of under side scaly. Wings large; primaries long and proportionately
somewhat narrow, the venation apparently normal; secondaries large
and broad, veins 3 and 4, separating unusually close to the tip, vein 5
scarcely even traceable.
This is a curious genus for the Bryophilid series to which I feel com-
pelled to refer it. Its narrow primaries and ample secondaries remind
one of Hadenella, while the conic, armed front suggests the Acontiid
series. The smooth scaly vestiture and the almost complete loss of
vein 5 of the secondaries are considered Bryophilid, and as determining
the location of the genus.
3. COPIBRYOPHILA ANGELICA, new species.
Ground color a smooth glistening gray brown, more or less mingled
with whitish scales. Head and thorax without obvious markings.
Primaries with all the markings fairly well defined. The median space
darker than the rest of the wing, so that it seems a little contrasting.
Basal line geminate, black marked on the costa only, within it the
base brown. From that point to the transverse anterior line the basal
space becomes paler and whitish at the transverse anterior line. This
latter line is geminate, the outer portion blackish, oblique, rather feebly
sinuate, the inner line indicated by a few brown scales. ‘Transverse
posterior line geminate, not very well defined, irregular over the cell,
where it is well curved outwardly, incurved beneath that point and a
little better marked by the greater contrast between the median and
subterminal spaces. Subterminal line irregular, whitish, without defi-
No. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 417
nite margins, variably emphasized by preceding and following dusky
shades. The terminal space is almost all dusky. The smoky shades
in the subterminal spaces are broken and become lost toward the base
of the wing. There is a Series of blackish terminal dots in the inter-
spaces. The fringes are a little mottled with gray. The median shade
line is distinct on the costa, darkens the space between the ordinary
spots to almost blackish and becomes lost below that point. The clavi-
form is of moderate size, outlined by black scales and filled with black-
ish. Orbicular round, rather small, not very well defined; its outline
formed by white scales. Ieniform kidney-shaped, of moderate size,
outlined and partly followed by white scales, center with a dusky
lunule which varies in size. Beyond the reniform the median space is
paler and of the same shade as most of the subterminal space. Sec-
ondaries even, smoky, fuscous a little glistening. Beneath smoky,
more or less powdery, particularly on the secondaries on which there
is a more or less distinct extra median line and a discal spot. In some
cases similar spots are found on the primaries as well.
Expanse, 20 to 23 mm. = 0.80 to 0.90 inches.
Habitat.—Los Angeles, California, in October.
Seven examples collected by Mr. Coquillett are under examination.
There is not much difference in the specimens, except that some may
be a little more contrasting than others. In some cases the median
space is quite sharply defined and evenly brown, while in other cases
the smoky powdering extends into the paler parts of the wing and
lessens the contrast perceptibly.
Type.—Cat. No. 4813, U.S.N.M.
4. SETAGROTIS QUEBECENSIS, new species.
Ground color pale, dirty, fuscous gray, powdery. Head and thorax
concolorous, vestiture mixed scales and hair, tuftings not evident,
patagia not marked. Primaries with the markings so obscure as to be
traceable only with some difficulty, the lines only a little darker than
ground. Basal line marked only on costa and below median vein.
Transverse anterior line almost upright, single, a little outcurved in
the interspaces. Transverse posterior line single, crenulate, the venu-
lar points long; moderately curved over the cell, distinctly drawn in
below. Subterminal line marked by a white powdering which is fairly
well limited inwardly but extends irregularly into the terminal space.
A very faint trace of a median shade which darkens the outer portion
of the median space a mere trifle. Orbicular moderate, oval, decum-
bent, a trifle paler than the ground and not otherwise defined. eni-
form large, kidney-shaped, a trifle darker in shade, edged with a few
gray scales. Secondaries smoky, paler, with a faint yellowish tint at
base, fringes white. Beneath gray, powdery, primaries darker with a
somewhat obscure discal spot and outer line; secondaries paler, with
line and spot both prominent.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii
27
al
418 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII,
Expanse, 33 mm. = 1.32 inches.
Habitat.—Quebec, Canada.
A single female, very like Carneades dissona in uneasicl appearance,
and mistaken for it when first received. The generic reference in the
absence of a male is not certain; but it is not likely that the discovery
of that sex will necessitate a change.
5. SETAGROTIS RADIATUS, new species.
Ground color smoky gray, marked and irrorate with white, smoky
brown and black. Head inferiorly yellowish, interantennal tuft also
pale inferiorly. Palpi dusky at the sides. Collar inferiorly luteous,
tipped with white and black scales. Thoracic tuftings well marked,
tipped with white. Patagia white edged and with a black submar-
ginal line. Primaries with the median lines obsolete, the subterminal
line indicated by the darker terminal space and by a series of inter-
spaceal black spots which show it to be very irregular. The veins are
dusky, margined on each side by white scales, and the interspaces are
dusky, the cell being darkest. There is a slender black basal streak
which reaches nearly to the middle of the wing. The median vein is
most prominently white marked and after this 3, 4, 6 and 7, which
strongly indent the terminal space. The orbicular is obsolete. The
reniform is a small, white lunule at the end of the cell. Secondaries
white, with a smoky terminal line. Beneath white, powdery, else
immaculate, the secondaries a little darker.
Expanse, 35 to 36 mm, = 1.40 to 1.44 inches.
Habitat._Nevada.
Two males, very much alike, from Mrs. F. O. Herring, in only fair
condition. The species is allied to vernilis and infimatis in type of
maculation, but is not in the least like them in detail. It has so close
a habital resemblance to Carneades nevada, however, that I had asso-
ciated the two until a critical examination was made preparatory to
description.
Type.—Cat. No. 4787, U.S.N.M.
CARNEADES Grote.
In my Revision of the Agrotids! I recognized 108 species as referable
to Carneades. Three years later, after having compared the British
Museum collections, I catalogued? 109 names under that heading. - Since
that time between fifteen and twenty new forms have been described,
chiefly by myself, making about 125 nominal species of Carneades. The
genus is one of the most difficult and unsatisfactory in the Noctuide
because of the extent of the variation in certain species, and of the
tendency to develop local types. In other words, species are forming
1 Bulletin No. 38, U.S. Nat. Mus., 1890.
2 Bulletin No. 44, U.S. Nat. Mus., 1893.
NO. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 419
in a genus which seems peculiarly well adapted to the present con-
ditions, and therefore dominant. Superficial differences are small at
best, and, with only a small number of examples at hand, it is often
simply impossible to say whether we have a mere variation or a distinct
type.
Gradually my collection has become filled with doubtful forms, each
lot received yielding some specimen a little unlike any other in my
possession. Of recent years Prof. C. V. Piper, of Pullman, Washington,
has sent me long series of the common types in his region; Dr. William
Barnes, of Decatur, Illinois, has sent me series taken at Glenwood
Springs, Colorado; Mr. A. W. Hanham, of Winnipeg, Manitoba, has
sent me material from that section, and Mr. F. H. Wolley Dod has sent
me many examples from Calgary. Other collectors have contributed
to a less extent, and I have rearranged the species, recognizing no less
than 50 as worthy of new names. This brings the number of known
forms to 175, and the end is not yet. I have yet more than a dozen
uniques, different from each other and apparently from any of the old
or newly described species; but because they are defective or are
females, I have not felt justified in giving them names at present.
6. CARNEADES PUGIONIS, new species.
Ground color luteous, shaded with yellow and smoky fuscous. Head
smoky, palpi yellow in front, and sometimes the head immediately
behind them is of the same tint. Collar bright yellow at base, smoky
fuscous above, the two shades divided by a narrow black line. Thorax
squared, patagia relieved, margined with gray or yellowish, submargin
blackish, disc gray, tuftings evident and gray or yellow tipped. Pri-
maries contrastingly marked with yellow, gray, and smoky brown or
blackish. Costal region bright yellow at base, gradually becoming
more whitish toward the transverse posterior line. Inner margin below
vein 1 yellow, shading to gray. A yellow shade begins above the clav-
iform in the submedian interspace, and extends through it into the
subterminal space. The subterminal space is gray or yellow beyond
the transverse posterior line, sending rays or daggers through the
terminal space to the outer margin on veins 3 and 4, and almost to the
margin on veins 6 and 7. The terminal space, except as interrupted,
is evenly dark or smoky, as is the cell, except the ordinary spots and
such portions of the median and basal space as are not contrastingly
yellow. Basal line wanting. Transverse anterior line evident as a
black oblique mark in the median cell, as an outwardly curved line in
the submedian interspace, and occasionally marked by a few scales
below vein 1. Transverse posterior line broken, a little lunulate, chiefly
marked by the difference in shade between median and subterminal
Spaces, interrupted on the costa and in the submedian interspace.
Subterminal line pale, preceded by a series of interspaceal black, sagit-
tate spots and forming strong dents, cutting the terminal space on
4?() PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
=)
veins 3, 4,6, and 7. The median vein is white, and below it, in the
basal space, is a black shading which becomes diffuse inferiorly. Clav-
iform black ringed, of good size, concolorous. Orbicular oblique, oval,
often irregular, varying in size, complete if small, open to the costa if
larger, outlined in black, narrowly annulate with white, center yellow-
ish or gray. Reniform upright, rather narrow, filling the end of the
cell completely, incomplete above and below, narrow kidney-shaped,
defined by black scales and a narrow white annulus, centered with yel-
low. Secondaries white, with a smoky terminal line from which a faint
dusky shade may extend a short distance inward. Beneath, primaries
smoky with a dark discal spot and white veins; secondaries white, only
a little powdery, with a smoky outer line and a small discal spot.
Expanse, 27 to 33 mm.=1.08 to 1.32 inches. ,
Habitat.—Denver, Colorado; Foothills (Bruce); Calgary, Canada,
July 23, August 29 (Dod).
Seven specimens, all males. The three Denver specimens are from as
many different collectors, and Mr. Bruce probably collected his example
near Golden.
The species resembles my flavidens, and I had associated the two,
until the occurrence of females of the older species caused a reexamina-
tion of the series. In the new form the general color is lighter, the
contrasts are much greater, and the secondaries are pure white.
Type.—Cat. No. 4791, U.S.N.M.
7, CARNEADES NEVADA, new species.
Ground color ashen gray over fuscous. Head with an indefinite
dusky frontal line, palpi brown at the sides. Collar gray tipped, with
a black transverse line above the middle and below which there is a
paler fuscous shading. Thorax squared, large, vestiture dense, mostly
flattened hair, tuftings not well marked, partagia defined. The pri-
maries appear somewhat strigate, owing to the absence of distinct
transverse maculation, the paler median vein, and the tendency to
define the other veins. Basal line marked only by a pale interruption
of a black basal shade, which is not prominent and does not cross the
basal space. Median lines marked on the costa only, though the loca-
tion of the transverse anterior line is marked by the inception of the
claviform, and the transverse posterior line may be found by careful
search; but practically both are obsolete. Subterminal line obsolete.
There is a series of black terminal spots from which blackish rays
extend into the interspaces. A pale line at the base of the fringes.
Claviform moderate in size, concolorous, outlined in black, pointed at
the tip. Orbicular oval, elongate, decumbent, narrowly white-ringed,
tending to an outward extension toward the reniform. Reniform small,
broadly lunate, outlined by black scales, annulate with whitish. A
somewhat paler shading extends obliquely from beyond the reniform to
the apex, and a more indefinite lighter shade extends through the sub-
NO. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 421
median interspace. Secondaries white, with a distinct, somewhat lunate
blackish terminal line, and a dusky interline in the unusually long white
fringes. Beneath white, gray powdered, both wings with small discal
spots, and a series of distinct terminal lunules; primaries also with a
partial exterior line.
Expanse, 35 to 37 mm.=1.40 to 1.48 inches.
Habitat.—Nevada.
Three male specimens from Mrs. F. O. Herring, all of them a little
rubbed, but very much alike so that all the details could be easily
determined. The species belongs with hollemani in the pitychrous
series, but differs obviously in the heavy quadrate thorax, the separate
ordinary spots, and the pure-white secondaries.
Type.—Cat. No. 4788, U.S.N.M.
8. CARNEADES CONTAGIONIS, new species.
Ground color a very pale yellowish or creamy gray, powdered with
black scales. Head and thorax without ornamentation. Primaries
with the median lines marked by black spots on the costa, and beyond
that vaguely indicated. In the best-marked examples the basal line is
black on the costa and has a short mark below the median vein. The
transverse anterior line has a black costal dot and below the median
vein there is a powdered single line, outwardly oblique and reaching the
inner margin at nearly the middle of the wing. The transverse posterior
line is marked by a black spot above the reniform on the costa, and then
by short black marks on the veins, which give a course outwardly bent
over the cell and then almost evenly oblique below. The terminal space
is a little black powdered and in a vague way defines an irregular sub-
terminal line. Where the powdering is slight there is no trace of the
line apparent. Where the powdering is well marked the course of the
imaginary line can be made out. There is a series of black terminal
Junules. The fringes are concolorous with the rest of the wing. Orbic-
ular an irregular black spot without defined margins, which is some-
times covered by scales of the ground color. Reniform an indefined
lunule, also without distinct margin, and occasionally more or less obso-
lete. Secondaries in the males pure silky white, the veins a little darker
marked in some specimens and with a distinct trace of a smoky shade
at the base of the fringes. In the female they are somewhat smoky.
Beneath white, a little black powdered with a more or less obvious discal
spot on both wings—most obvious on the primaries—and sometimes
with a broken exterior line.
Expanse, 32 to 35 mm.= 1.28 to 1.40 inches.
Habitat.—Glenwood Springs, Colorado, August 7, September 10,
October 21 (Dr. Barnes); Garfield County, Colorado, 6,000 feet (Mr.
Bruce); Verdi, Nevada.
Twelve specimens are under examination and they resemble each
other strongly. The ground color varies a little in shading, depending
422, _ PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
upon the amount of yellow mixed with the gray. The amount of pow-
dering on the surface is also a variable quantity, and sometimes it may
be fairly weil covered with black atoms. Of the maculation, the costal
dots, representing the beginning of the ordinary lines, are the most con-
stant, and the dusky reniform comes next. The blackish orbicular may
be added in better-marked specimens, and finally the lines may become
fairly well indicated in the manner already described. The species
belongs to the pitychrous section of the genus and is somewhat related
to citricolor. The vestiture does not form evident tufts in any of the
specimens before me, and in that particular there is a resemblance to
some of the species allied to bostoniensis.
Type.—Cat. No. 4146, U.S.N.M.
9. CARNEADES LOYA, new species.
Ground color an even dark mouse gray. Collar with a broad, con-
trasting, transverse band. Thoracic vestiture mixed scales and hair,
patagia marked, tuftings evident. Primaries with the ordinary lines
traceable only by black scales after close search, and they offer nothing
distinctive as far as can be seen. Subterminal line marked by yellow
scales forming irregular dots; preceded and followed by an irregular
dusky shading. Orbicular moderate in size, ringed with yellowish,
concolorous. Reniform elongate kidney shaped, narrow, ringed with
pale yellow, centered with blackish. Claviform wanting. Secondaries
yellowish smoky at base, smoky blackish at margins; veins and adiscal
lunule blackish, fringes yellow at base, smoky centrally and whitish at
tip. Beneath, sng? fuscous, powdery, both wings with a discal spot
and a partly complete outer line. .
Expanse, 36 mm. = 1.44 inches.
Habitat.—High Sierras, California (Dr. Dyar).
One female, a little crippled, but so obviously unlike all the known
forms that I do not hesitate to describe it. It may be associated with
bicollaris, from which, however, it differs obviously. There is a possi-
bility that this may be the female of tocoyw (No. 25), but that would
indicate a range of variation that I am not ready to admit without fur-
ther evidence. Joya is the Indian name for the Sentinel, Dr. Dyar says,
and the specimen bears his No. 11278.
10. CARNEADES FLAVISCAPULA, new species.
Ground color dull fuscous brown, with small gray powderings. Collar
with a black line surmounted by gray scales, inferiorly with a reddish
shade which, at the base of the wings, forms a rusty red tuft. Prima-
ries very evenly dusty, the maculation not relieved, and traceable only
by careful observation; yet it is all present. The course of the median
lines is as usual, and too faintly marked to show characteristic features.
Claviform indicated by dusky scales. Orbicular subquadrate, concol-.
orous, defined by a few black scales and a narrow gray ring. Reniform
No. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 423
moderate in size, kidney-shaped, traceable by black and gray scales,
its outer middle invaded by a yellowish shading, which is the only
obvious bit of color in the wing. Subterminal line fairly indicated by
yellowish scales. Thoracic vestiture mixed flattened hair and scales,
patagie and tuftings very fairly marked.
Expanse, 32 to 33 mm. = 1.28 to 1.32 inches.
Habitat.—New Mexico.
Two males from the Hulst collection, in fair condition. This is an
obscure form which from its lack of maculation should be referred to
the pitychrous series, where it has no close allies. It is probably really
nearer to the tessellata type, but with all the contrasts faded out. Per-
haps its best place for ready recognition is with atomaris.
Type.—Cat. No. 4810, U.S.N.M.
11. CARNEADES EXCOGITA, new species.
Ground color varying from mouse gray to fawn; that is, a soft, red-
dish gray, in which the gray scales vary the tint. Head and thorax
concolorous. Palpi black at sides. Collar with a distinct, black,
median transverse line, narrowly edged above with paler. Vestiture
consists of flattened hair, patagia evident, the divided crest and
posterior tufts well marked in good examples. Primaries with all the
markings obscure; the lines barely traceable and the ordinary spots
hardly defined. Basal line indicated by geminate, dusky spots on the
costa. Transverse anterior line geminate, in the best marked exam-
ples the included space a little paler, outer defining line oblique, out-
curved or angulated in the interspaces. Transverse posterior line
barely traceable; apparently of the usual type. Subterminal line yel-
lowish, irregular, more or less broken; sometimes marked by a slightly
darker preceding shade; sometimes relieved by a dusky tint on both
sides of it. Claviform indicated by scattered black scales in some
specimens. Orbicular round or nearly so, moderate in size, incom-
pletely outlined by black scales. Reniform concolorous or a trifle
dusky, large, kidney-shaped, extending well below the cell, outlined
by scattered dark scales and sometimes relieved by a few yellow
scales. Secondaries smoky, paler in the male, a little lighter basally,
fringes whitish, with dusky interline. Beneath whitish, powdery, disc
of primaries smoky, a mére or less obvious common line and discal spot.
Expanse, 32 to 37 mm. = 1.28 to 1.50 inches.
Habitat.—Glenwood Springs, Colorado, July 3-29 (Dr. Barnes).
Ten examples, evenly divided as to sex, varying only in tint and in
the relative distinctness of the markings. In no case is it more than
easily traceable, and sometimes the wings are practically immaculate.
The species belongs to the velleripennis series and should be readily
placed there. It has a vague superficial resemblance to Noctua pisci-
_ pellis without the longitudinal markings.
Type.—Cat. No. 4799, U.S.N.M.
AQ4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL XXII.
12, CARNEADES EXCULTA, new species.
Ground color a soft, dark, red-brown, overlaid by gray. Head and
thorax immaculate; collar without a transverse line. Vestiture,
slightly flattened hair, the tuftings indistinct. Primaries, at first
sight immacnlate. The median lines indicated on costa by dusky
spots and, under a lens, the transverse anterior line can be traced
across the wing by a series of golden brown scales. Terminal space
slightly darker, thus feebly indicating an irregular subterminal line.
Ordinary spots marked by somewhat darker, lead-colored scales and,
under the lens, outlined by golden brown scales. Secondaries paie,
smoky yellow, darkening to smoky outwardly, fringes whitish yellow.
Beneath whitish, powdery costal and outer margins darker, smoky.
- Expanse, 33 mm.=1.32 inches.
Habitat.—Northwest British Columbia.
A single male, received from Mr. B. Neumoegen some years ego and
never satisfactorily placed. It resembles excogita at first sight, but is
more stumpy winged, lacks the prominent black line on the collar, and
has the maculation much more completely obsolete.
13. CARNEADES NAVULUS, new species.
Ground color dull, powdery, ashen gray. Head and thorax immacu-
late, collar with a dusky line just below tip; but this is obscure in most
examples. Vestiture composed of long, flattened hair, anterior crest
not obvious, posterior tufting fairly well defined, patagia not marked.
Primaries with a rough, powdery appearance, none of the maculation
well defined. Basal line geminate, smoky, interrupted. Transverse
anterior line geminate, smoky, the two parts about equally obscure,
outwardly oblique and rather evenly outcurved in the interspaces.
Transverse posterior line obscure, fuscous, geminate on the costa,
rather squarely bent over the cell, inwardly oblique and very even
below this point. Subtermina] line irregular, punctiform, pale, some-
times defined by a vague preceding shade, or a slight deepening of the
terminal space, and sometimes wanting altogether. A series of black-
ish terminal lunules, followed by a yellowish line at the base of the
fringes. No obvious median shade or line. Claviform very small, and
never completely outlined by blackish scales. Orbicular variable in
size and shape, concolorous, outlined by black scales, complete only
when it is smalland round. Reniform large, kidney-shaped, extending |
below the cell, concolorous, incompletely black ringed. Secondaries
dirty white in the male, with a somewhat defined, smoky, powdery
outer porder, a smoky terminal line, and a discal lunule, the veins being
alsosmoky; in the female they are smoky throughout, but become more
whitish and transparent basally; discal lunule evident. Beneath,
primaries gray, powdery, secondaries white, powdery along costa, all
wings with a discal spot; no evident outer line.
No. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. AP5
Expanse, 35 to 40 mm.=1.40 to 1.60 inches.
Habitat.—Placer County, California, in September.
Nine males and three females from the U.S. National Museum, col-
lected by Mr. A. Koebele. There is very little variation in the series,
save such as is caused by a staining in either a moist cyanide bottle,
or a softening jar containing too much carbolie acid.
The form of the orbicular is the only changeable feature, and this is
not alike in any two specimens. The species belongs to the pitychrous
series and has some resemblance to cogitans, lacking, however, the
black basal streak of the latter species.
Tupe.—Cat. No. 4797, U.S.N.M.
14. CARNEADES MEGASTIGMA, new species.
Ground color dull luteous gray. Head, collar, and thorax immacu-
late. Thoracic vestiture thin and slightly flattened hair, neither pata-
gia nor tuftings well marked. Primaries rough with black powder-
ings, the maculation obscure. Basal line geminate, marked by
scattered scales only or obsolete. Transverse anterior line upright or
nearly so, outcurved in the interspaces, geminate, but the inner element
barely traceable. Tranverse posterior line geminate on the costa and
to the angle opposite middle of cell, thence single, broken, hardly lunu-
late, smoky, almost rigidly oblique to the margin. Subterminal line a
little paler, powdery, somewhat defined by a preceding powdery shade,
which may be absent. A very narrow, broken terminal line, followed
by a yellow line at the base of the fringes. No obvious median shade;
but in one specimen there is an indication that it might be expected
in a large series. Claviform indicated by smoky scales. Orbicular
very large, oblique, of the palest ground, defined at the sides only.
Reniform large, broad, almost oblong or only feebly kidney-shaped,
space between the spots forming a smoky V. Secondaries smoky,
whitish toward base, with a discal lunule and veins dusky, fringes
white. Beneath, primaries even, dull gray, secondaries more whitish,
both with a vague discal spot.
Expanse, 33 to 38 mm. = 1.32 to 1.52 inches.
Habitat.—Kdge Calgary, August 24; Calgary, September 15, Can-
ada (Dod). |
Two females; one, the smaller, in good condition, the other lacking
one primary and an abdomen, lost in the mail, but otherwise good.
The smaller specimen is the more evidently marked and is quite pow-
dery; the other is more even and, the powdering being absent, the
markings are much less distinct. The species has the color of acornis,
and may for the present be p!aced in that series.
Type.—Cat. No. 4811, U.S.N.M.
15. CARNEADES STIGMATALIS, new species.
Ground color a somewhat light reddish brown, shaded with blackish
scales along the veins and sometimes over the entire surface, so as to
42.6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
give a dull, dark, smoky brown appearance. Head and thorax immac-
ulate. Vestiture, mixed with scales and flattened hair, the thoracic
divided crest and posterior tuftings distinct, patagia relieved. Pri-
maries with transverse maculation obsolete or barely traceabie. Basal
line marked by smoky spots on the costa only. ‘Transverse anterior
line, when traceable, almost upright, outcurved in the interspaces,
irregularly so in the submedian interspace. Transverse posterior line,
when traceable, bent over and close to the reniform, then oblique to
the margin, even and inwardly diffuse. Subterminal line irregular,
usually marked by yellowish scales and the somewhat darker terminal
space; oczasionally also by preceding darker scales; rarely it is entirely
wanting. A series of small terminal lunules, followed by a yellow line at
the base of the fringes. Claviform small, narrow, pointed, usually well
and completely defined; sometimes with a filling of yellow seales. Reni-
form irregular, varying from almost round to obliquely oval, and in size
from very small to quite large. It is defined by black scales, within
which is a yellow annulus and the center is also a little powdered; in
the smallest spot the center is entirely yellow, simply because the
annulus takes up all the space inside the black ring. Reniform mod-
erate in size, kidney-shaped, sometimes a little enlarged inferiorly, and
extending below the cell. It is defined by black scales, within which
is an annulus of yellow scales. The center of the spot is lightened
superiorly by yellow scales and darkened inferiorly by leaden gray or
blackish. Secondaries whitish, in the male with a narrow soiled outer
border which is inwardly diffuse; in the female with a decided, smoky-
yellow tinge, the dusky outer border broader. The veins are dusky
marked, and there is a narrow, smoky, discal lunule. Beneath whitish,
powdery, with a more or less indefinite common outer line and a discal
spot on all wings.
Expanse, 37 to 40 mm.=1.48 to 1.60 inches.
Habitat.—Glenwood Springs, Colorado, August (Br. Barnes).
One male and 5 females, all in fair condition. The species differs
from its nearest allies in the somewhat well-marked veins and the
obscurity of its ground color. There are several other points of differ-
ence, making up altogether the sum of a good species belonging to the
pitychrous series.
Type.—Cat. No. 4805, U.S.N.M.
16. CARNEADES TERMESSUS, new species.
Ground color luteous gray, with a very even powdering of fine black
scales that gives the insects a dusty or ashen appearance. Head and-
thorax immaculate, palpi rusty yellowish in front. Thoracic vestiture
consists of only slightly flattened hair, patagia not relieved, anterior
crest feebly, posterior tuft distinctly evident. Primaries with the
markings scarcely darker than the ground color, so that at a little dis-
tance the wing seems immaculate. Basal line geminate, broken,
No. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. AVI NT
marked on the costa oniy. Transverse anterior line geminate, upright,
the two parts more widely separated than usual, a rather sharp out-
ward bend in the cell, another below the internal vein, and a feeble
outcurve in the submedian interspace, giving it a Somewhat more than
usual characteristic appearance. Transverse posterior line geminate,
the inner line best marked and a little diffuse, as a whole evenly out-
curved over the cell, and scarcely drawn in below. No median shade
or line. Subterminal line practically obsolete, though its location
can be discerned by slight differences in shading, notably on the costa,
where a dusky subterminal shading a very little relieves the apex. A
series of very small black terminal lunules. Claviform small, but as
well indicated as any other feature. Orbicular moderate, oval, out-
lined by smoky scales and a very little paler than the ground. Reni-
form large, kidney-shaped, extending below the cell, concolorous,
imperfectly outlined. Secondaries soiled whitish, with a narrow
smoky outer border, a distinct terminal line and an evident, blackish
discal spot. Beneath, primaries gray, secondaries white, both powdery
and with an unusually distinct black discal spot on all wings.
Expanse, 37 to 38 mm.—1.48 to 1.52 inches.
Habitat.— Yellowstone Park, Wyoming, in August (Dr. Barnes).
Two males, very much alike, and in good condition. The species
belongs to the pitychrous series and is allied to mitis, than which it is
larger, darker, without the reddish cast and with soiled instead of
snowy secondaries.
17,5 CARNEADES ENTERIDIS, new species.
Ground color a very pale grayish yellow. Collar with a narrow black
line, edged above with white scales. Thoracic vestiture scaly hair, the
tufts and patagia fairly marked, a rosy flush on the disk. Primaries
with the cell and terminal space, except apex, smoky; the markings
smoky brown, all more or less broken. Basal line geminate, broken
in the cell. Transverse anterior line geminate, prominently marked on
the costa, obscure to the median vein, where it sends in a long inward
tooth, then outwardly oblique and outcurved in the interspaces to the
margin, the inner portion very feebly marked. Transverse posterior
line geminate, abruptly bent on the costa over the reniform, thence
very evenly parallel to the outer margin; inner part crenulated, send-
ing out long teeth on the veins terminating in the venular dots of
which the outer element of the line is composed. Subterminal bisin-
uate, marked by a dusky preceding shade on the costa and below the
pale apex, by the dark terminal space. A series of small terminal
lunules is followed by a creamy yellow line at base of the fringes,which
have double, gray interlines. A median shade crosses between the
ordinary spots and a little outcurved below them, the space to the
transverse posterior line being somewhat darker than the ground.
Orbicular oblong, oblique, creamy gray, with a narrow white annulus
428 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
and a ring of black scales which is not complete superiorly. Reniform
large, kidney-shaped, outlined by blackish scales which do not form a
continuous line, an inner ring of smoky brown, leaving an annulus and
central lunule of the paler ground color. Claviform pointed, moderate
in size, outline smoky and broken. Secondaries white, with a smoky
outer margin, which starts as a line at the anal angle and broadens to
a band at the apex; veins and a small discal lunule also smoky. Be-
neath white, powdery, both wings with a blackish discal spot, primaries
with an outer line through the costal region.
Expanse, 37 mm. = 1.48 inches.
Habitat—Pullman, Washington (Piper).
One male in fair condition. The species belongs probably to the
pitychrous series, though the median shade is traceable. There is noth-
ing sufficiently near to it to cause confusion, while the sharply defined
dusky terminal space indicates the ochrogaster type of maculation.
18. CARNEADES ATROPULVEREA, new species.
Ground color dull smoky brown, densely and quite evenly powdered
with black scales. Head and thorax immaculate, collar with a faint,
darker, central line. Thoracic vestiture mixed scales and hair, patagia
not relieved, tuftings feebly marked, thoughevident. |’ rimaries with all
the markings obscure and no contrasts of any kind. Basal line gemi-
nate, best marked by the yellowish scales in the included space. Trans-
verse anterior line geminate, blackish, and with four small outcurves.
Transverse posterior line geminate, evenly and not greatly outcurved
over the cell, inner part crenulate, outer even and very feebly marked.
Subterminal line scarcely paler, marked by the slightly darker terminal
space, and an irregular, somewhat broken, dusky subterminal shading.
A series of small terminal lunules, followed by a yellowish line at the
base of the fringes. Median shade broad, blackish, diffuse, angulated
below the reniform and making the most obvious bit of ornamentation
onthe wing. Claviform barely indicated. Orbicular obsolete, or barely
traceable by a few lighter scales. Reniform moderate in size, upright,
kidney-shaped, vaguely defined by an incomplete yellowish annulus.
Secondaries even, smoky fuscous, with paler fringes and a feebly defined
smoky lunule. Beneath, primaries smoky, a little gray powdered,
secondaries gray, powdered with smoky, with a broad, smoky outer band
and discal lunule.
Expanse, 37 mm. = 1.50 inches.
Habitat.—Denver, Colorado, October 10; Fort Collins, Colorado
(Gillette). :
Three females, one of them rubbed and otherwise imperfect. Larger
and narrower winged than intrita, with all the maculation obscured
and the median shade unusually evident. The orbicular is almost
entirely obsolete and the reniform is very incompletely outlined. It is
to be regretted that no male was received.
Seam
NO. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 429
19. CARNEADES COMPRESSIPENNIS, new species.
Ground color dull smoky red brown, roughly powdered. Front
brown. Collar with a black median line, below which it is brown.
Thoracic vestiture flattened hair, some of it tipped with gray, patagia
and tuftings fairly marked. Primaries with the vestiture rough and
powdery in appearance, all the markings fragmentary, cell filled with
richer brown around the ordinary spots, costa at base, gray powdered.
Basal line geminate, broken, black, included space gray. Transverse
anterior line geminate, black, inner portion less evident, included space
paler, inwardly bent on the median vein, outwardly oblique and out-
curved in the interspaces below. A black shading below the median
vein connects the inward tooth of transverse anterior line with the
outward bend of basal. Median vein obscurely pale powdered. Trans-
verse posterior line geminate, inner portion lunulate, outer even,
included lunules reddish. Subterminal line yellowish powdery, a little
irregular, marked by a preceding brown shade, the powdering out-
wardly diffuse, lightening the apex and sometimes the terminal space.
A series of small terminal lunules, followed by a yellowish line at the
base of the fringes. No obvious median shade. Claviform moderate
in size, outlined by black scales. Orbicular irregular, subquadrate,
oblique, narrowly pale ringed, center pale powdered. Reniform moder-
ate in size, rather narrow, kidney-shaped, annulate with yellowish
gray, the center pale powdered. Secondaries evenly smoky in both
sexes, fringes with a yellow line at base. Beneath dull gray, powdery,
with very faint ordinary spots and only a trace of an outer line.
Expanse, 33 mm. = 1.32 inches.
Habitat.—Yosemite, California, male, Dr. Dyar, No. 9617; female,
special locality and source not marked.
One male and one female only, very much alike and in fair condition.
The species is allied to intrita Morrison, but is much more powdery as
well as somewhat broader winged.
20. CARNEADES FALERINA, new species.
Ground color pale, whitish luteous with deeper luteous shadings and
smoky powderings. Head and thorax concolorous; palpi dusky at the
sides, color with rather an indefinite smoky median line, best marked
in the female. Thoracic vestiture mixed with scales and flattened hair,
patagia marked, tuftings evident though not prominent. Primaries
with the markings all present and recognizable, but not strongly
marked or contrasting, the lines luteous or smoky. Basal lines gemi-
nate, marked by smoky spots on the costa and below the median vein.
Transverse anterior line geminate, inner portion less marked, upright
or a little oblique outwardly, interrupted in the costal space, with smail
outcurves in the interspaces. Transverse posterior line geminate on
the costa, the outer portion lost below the costal space, inner part
430) PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
crenulate, evenly outcurved over the cell and just a little drawn in
below. Subterminal line of the ground color, irregular, almost angu-
late, marked by the darker terminal space and by a preceding dusky
shade, which is always distinct on the costa, but broken or even
obsolete below that point. A series of small, brown terminal lunules.
Claviform feebly indicated by darker scales, variable in size. Orbicu-
lar round, oval, or elongate, variably evident, outlined by black or
dusky scales, and in the female with a dusky central shading. Reni-
form upright, moderate in size, kidney-shaped, incompletely and imper-
fectly outlined, the center dusky. There is also a diffuse, darker, lute-
ous median shade, which darkens a trifle the outer portion of the
median space and may be scarcely noticeable. In one specimen the
ordinary spots are normally separated, in another the orbicular almost
touches the reniform, in the third the spots join and seem almost con-
fluent. Secondaries white in both sexes, the veins a little yellowish, a
broken, smoky, terminal line and a vague dusky outer shading.
Beneath white, a little powdery, with a dusky discal spot and an incom-
plete, powdery outer line on all wings. The fringes, especially on
secondaries, are unusually long.
Expanse, 37 to 40 mm. =1.48 to 1.60 inches.
Habitat—Glenwood Springs, Colorado, August and October (Dr.
Barnes); Nevada (Mrs. Herring).
Two males and one female, all different, yet I believe representing
one species only. The long fringes to the secondaries, the plump,
heavy body, and the rather lengthily serrated male antenne suggest a
Porosagrotis, but the genitalia agree with the Carneades type. In the
male type the smoky powdering is quite evenly distributed, except in
the subterminal space, and all the maculation is obscure. The male
cotype is less powdery and all the markings are in consequence better
defined. The female type while less powdery is quite as obscurely
marked as the first-mentioned male. More material would be very
desirable to fix the range of variation in this species.
Type.—Cat. No. 4785, U.S.N.M.
21. CARNEADES VALLUS, new species.
Ground color very pale gray, over a pale luteous base. Palpi yellow
in front, dusky at the sides. Beneath dusky. Vestiture, thin, hairy,
somewhat divergent. Top of head and base of collar whitish, the lat-
ter tipped with yellowish hairs. Thoracic vestiture forming no obvi-
ous tufts; but posteriorly the hair is tipped with yellowish. Primaries
quite densely black powdered, darkening the wing beyond the trans-
verse anterior line. All the lines single. Basal line blackish, distinct,
reaching the submedian vein, bent on the median. Transverse anterior
line smoky, a little outcurved, with three interspaceal outcurves, of
which that in the submedian interspace is the longest. Transverse
posterior line obscure, crenulated, unusually close to the outer margin,
No. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH, A431
broadly outcurved over the cell, then parallel with the outer margin.
Subterminal line barely indicated by a series of dusky spots. Median
shade broad, diffuse, vague, a little outwardly bent at its middle.
Orbicular round, moderate in size, a little paler than the ground, but
not otherwise defined. Reniform moderate in size, indefined and incom-
plete, a little paler than ground, but with a central dusky crescent,
which is diffuse and leaves the lower part of the spot scarcely separ-
able from the ground. No trace of claviform. Secondaries smoky,
pale gray, scarcely darker outwardly, veins marked, and end of cell
indicated by a narrow lunule. Beneath, pale yellowish gray, silky,
both wings with an obscure outer shade line and a vague discal spot,
secondaries with a blackish line through the cell from base almost to
the lunule.
Expanse, 40 mm.=—1.60 inches.
Habitat. Laggan, British Columbia, 5,000 feet, September 9 (Bean).
A single female only, in fair condition. The species is allied to
bostoniensis, but is much more obscure and powdery. It has that
peculiar pallid, washed-out appearance that is characteristic of northern
mountain forms, as well as the loose, woolly vestiture. I know of noth-
ing with which this might conflict.
22. CARNEADES SESSILE, new species.
Ground color an even, dull, smoky gray, without marxed contrasts
of any kind. Head and thorax concolorous, the palpi tipped with yel-
low. Vestiture hairy; but somewhat flattened, not loose or diverging.
Collar well relieved, patagia not differentiated, tuftings barely indi-
cated in the female, fairly suggested in the male. Primaries with a
faint reddish shading, best marked in the male, very evenly and not
densely black powdered. Basal line geminate, broken, blackish, not
well marked. Transverse anterior line smoky, geminate, the two parts
almost equally well defined, almost upright to the median vein, a little
outcurved below, and a longer, outward loop below the internal vein.
Transverse posterior line geminate, inner portion evenly outcurved over
the cell, lunulate and a little incurved below; outer part obscure, smoky,
even. Subterminal line vaguely traceable, really visible only near the
costa, where it is marked by the contrast between the apex and a
Slightly darker subterminal shading. Median shade diffuse, rather
broad, slightly darker than the ground color and a little darkening the
cell between the ordinary spots. Claviform small, concolorous, com-
pletely outlined in smoky. Orbicular irregularly oval, decumbent, out-
lined in black, of the ground color or avery little paler. Reniform large, .
broad, irregular, extending below the median vein, outlined by black
scales, concolorous or a very littie paler. There is a narrow, black, bro-
ken, terminal line, followed by a yellowish line at the base of the fringes.
Secondaries smoky yellowish, paler at the base, in the male rather
whitish, with a smoky discal lunule and a white fringe which, in the
432 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
female, is somewhat contrasting. Beneath whitish, powdery, disk of
primaries smoky, darker in the female; no outer line; but a discal spot
on all wings.
Expanse, 40 mm. (male) to 42 mm. (female) = 1.60 to 1.68 inches.
Habitat.—Colorado (Bruce); Hall Valley, August (Barnes).
One male (Bruce) has been in my collection for years; the female has
been recently received from Dr. Barnes. The species is much more
obscure throughout than messoria, and the hairy vestiture throws it
rather to the bostoniensis series, where it does not conflict with any
described species.
A third specimen, also from Colorado, near Denver, I refer doubtfully
to this species. It expands only 35 mm., is more sharply marked
throughout, and the subterminal space is uniformly darker, relieving a
subterminal line which is distinetly toothed on veins 3 and 4. Thesec-
ondaries are also more whitish and the smoky outer border is better
defined.
23. CARNEADES RELAXUS, new species.
Ground color pale, smoky fuscous, with a slightly reddish tint.
Head and thorax concolorous. Palpi tipped with yellowish, dusky at
the sides. Collar with an incomplete brown line near the tip. Tho-
racic vestiture of flattened hair, patagia hardly relieved, tuftings just
indicated. Primaries without contrasts, the lines smoky rather than
blackish. Basa] line geminate, indicated on the costa and submedian
interspace only. Transverse anterior line geminate, inner line marked
on costa only, outer a little oblique and feebly outcurved in the inter-
spaces. ‘Transverse posterior line geminate, outer line lost below the
cell, inner crenulated, as a whole outeurved over cell, and then almost
parallel with the outer margin. Subterminal line pale, irregular, with
small teeth on veins 3 and 4, relieved by a continuous, dusky, preced-
ing shade, the terminal space being also more or less dusky. <A series
of brown, terminal lunules. Median shade vague, diffuse, barely
traceable. Claviform absent in the specimens before me, but I should
expect to find indications of it in the species. Orbicular round or oval,
outlined by black or smoky scales, concolorous, center with or without
dusky powderings. Reniform large, kidney-shaped, extending a little
below the cell, outlined by black scales, center more or less dusky
inferiorly. Secondaries very pale yellowish, becoming smoky out-
wardly; fringes whitish, discal lunule present. Beneath whitish,
powdery, a more or less obvious common outer line, and all wings with
discal spots.
Expanse, 38 mm. (male) to 39 mm. (female)— 1.52 to 1.56 inches.
Habitat.—San Francisco and Sierra Nevada, California.
One male and one female, and there is just a little doubt as to their
really being sexes of the same species; line for line they are the same,
and such little differences as occur are well within the range of varia-
No. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 433
tion in allied species. Nevertheless there is a vague dissimilarity
which prevents my marking the female as a type, though it is the
better example of the two.
At first sight this closely resembles sessile and is, indeed, its near
ally; but it is paler, with a more yellowish tint throughout; there is no
obvious claviform, the subterminal line is entirely obvious, and the
transverse posterior line is crenulated and practically single below the
cell.
Type.—Cat. No. 4800, U.S.N.M.
24. CARNEADES LUTEOSITUS, new species.
Ground color dull luteous, with rusty shadings on thorax and prima-
ries. Head and thorax else immaculate. Vestiture hairy, patagia
marked, tuftings obscurely indicated; thorax as a whole small in com-
parison with the long abdomen, which considerably exceeds the hind
angle of the secondaries in both sexes. Primaries with ornamentation
well defined. Transverse lines all single, broad, a little diffuse. Basal
line distinct. Transverse anterior line upright, a little outcurved in
the submedian interspace. Transverse posterior line with a broad,
even outcurve over the cell, oblique or a little incurved below, with
little, sharp points on the veins. Subterminal line marked by a dusky
preceding shade, very even, the subterminal space sometimes with pale
scales, lightening it perceptibly. A series of narrow, dusky, terminal
lunules. Median shade not obvious in the male, in the female dusky,
diffuse; oblique between the ordinary spots and parallel with transverse
posterior line below. Orbicular large, round, without defining line,
save the contrast between its paler shade and the surrounding ground.
Reniform marked chiefly by a smoky lunule with irregular paler edges.
Claviform wanting. As a whole the basal space is a little paler, some-
what gray powdered; the median space is somewhat the darkest and
shaded with rusty and blackish. Secondaries dark smoky, paler at
base, with a blackish lunule and yellow fringes. Beneath paler red-
dish luteous; all wings with a discal lunule and an incomplete outer
line.
Expanse, 35 to 36 mm. = 1.40 to 1.44 inches.
Habitat.—Hall Valley, Colorado, July 24 to 30 (Dr. Barnes).
One male and one female, both in good condition. In maculation the
species resembles bifasciata, but in color it is totally different, and,
indeed, also in the course of the lines. The male is somewhat aberrant
for a Carneades in having the antennal joints only a little marked and
the lateral tuftings short and feeble.
25. CARNEADES TOCOYZ, new species.
Ground color a dull, pale, brick red, overlaying a yellowish base.
Collar with a feebly marked central line. Thoracic vestiture flattened
hair, tufts obvious. Primaries with the marking only a little darker,
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 25
4st PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEU... VOL. XX1L.
not contrasting, the included space in the geminate median lines
lightened by yellow. Basal line brown, geminate, best marked by the
included yellow shade. Transverse anterior line almost upright,
broadly outcurved in the interspaces. Transverse posterior line
geminate, outer part faint, even; inner crenulate, brown, as a whole |
evenly and not greatly outcurved over the reniform, evenly oblique
below. Subterminal line irregular, broken, paler, marked by a slightly
darker preceding shade, the terminal space marked with dusky in the
veins. Median shade line narrow, blackish, a little irregular, as a
whole a little outeurved. A series of black terminal lunules, beyond
which is a yellow line at the base of the fringes. Claviform barely
indicated. Orbicular small, round, outlined in yellow. Reniform
moderate in size, kidney-shaped, rather narrow, outlined in yellow,
filled with blackish. Secondaries yellowish at base, becoming smoky
outwardly, veins and a discal lunule also smoky. I ringes yellow at
base, whitish at tip, with a smoky centralline. Beneath dull yellowish, —
powdery, primaries with a diffuse blackish oval, representing the pale
outline of the reniform above; secondaries with a small black discal
lunule. .
Expanse, 37 mm.= 1.48 inches.
Habitat.——High Sierras, California (Dr. Dyar).
A single male in fair condition, No. 11277. The species has no very
close allies, but may come at the end of the bostoniensis, or at the head
of the messoria series. In either case it is readily distinct.
Tocoya, according to Dr. Dyar, is the Indian name for the north dome,
near where this insect was taken.
CARNEADES MESSORIA Harris.
In this species all the normal maculation is well written, and all the
usual spots are evident. Basal, transverse anterior and transverse
posterior lines are obviously geminate, and while the inner part of the
transverse anterior and outer part of the transverse posterior line are
less obvious, and may be even somewhat obscure, there is never any
doubt of their actual presence. The median shade is equally obvious
in most cases, and is sometimes as well marked as the median lines,
though always a little diffuse. It is sometimes almost upright, but as
a rule is a little outwardly oblique from the costa to the inferior margin
of the reniform, and from that point is nearly upright to the inner mar-
gin, which it reaches close to the transverse posterior line. The
transverse anterior line is a little oblique outwardly, with three main
interspaceal outcurves, of which that in the submedian interspace 1s
broadest, but as a rale not quite so much exserted; that below the
submedian vein is always most bent outwardly. The transverse pos-
terior line is very evenly bent over the cell, and is then oblique below,
hardly incurved in any case, unless exceptionally. The inner part of
the line is crenulate, and the outer portion crosses the tips of the
points, leaving inclosed a series of lunules of the ground color ora
NO. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 435
little paler. The subterminal line is always obvious and usually a
little paler; but it may be concolorous and only defined by the some-
what darker terminal space. There may be a preceding dark or dusky
shade and this may be broken; but it never forms sagittate spots or
dashes, and it is never prominent. In no ease is the terminal space
paler than the subterminal, or as pale as the lighter parts of the wing.
There is no basal dash or longitudinal mark of any kind. The claviform
is narrow, concolorous, very rarely completely outlined, sometimes a
mere blackish lunule indicating its tip; sometimes very short, some-
times extending to the middle of the median space; often very obscure,
but always traceable in good specimens. The orbicular is of good size,
black ringed, varying in shape from round to irregularly oval, ofttimes
oblique. There is often a paler annulus within the black ring, and the
entire spot is usually even and a trifle paler than the ground color of
the wing; rarely it is just a little powdery, but is never dark centered.
The reniform is always large, kidney-shaped, usually a little oblique,
outlined by blackish seales, and within this a paler annulus which is
only a slighter paler tinge of the ground and never prominent. The
interior is also a little pale, but with a dusky powdering which yet
leaves the spot as a whole paler than its immediate surroundings. The
ground color of the primaries is a graying luteous with blackish pow-
derings and little if any trace of red or brown. The cell between and
beyond the ordinary spots is always a little the darkest portion of the
wing, and sometimes the space between the median shade and trans-
verse posterior line is also involved; but there are never any strong
contrasts. The secondaries are whitish, with a faint yellow tinge,
Somewhat more pronounced in the female, and there is a smoky outer
border, varying in width, always undefined, very narrow i the male,
sometimes darkening almost half the wing in the female, especially
along the inner margin.
The collar has always a black or blackish transverse median line.
The expanse varies from 32 to 42 mm., but the great majority of
examples will be from 35 to 37 mm., without much difference in favor of
the female.
The 25 males and 14 females under observation are distributed as to
locality from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and there is no geographic
variation observable.
The species has been thus carefully described as to its essential char-
acters that others allied to it, actually or superficially, might be differ-
entiated comparatively; and it is especially useful for this purpose
because it is at once the most abundant and the most widely distributed
of the forms, so that all collectors are most likely to possess examples.
26. CARNEADES INCUBITA, new species.
Is a close ally of messoria, from which it differs at first sight in the
darker, blackish gray, ground color. In the female there is hardly
a trace of the pale luteous ground, which is, however, easily seen in the
A386 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XXI,
male. The general type of maculation is the same; but in the new
species it is darker, more clearly written, while a white powdering on
the costal cell and along the median vein gives a somewhat character-
istic appearance. The cell around the ordinary spots is evidently
darker and the centers of the spots themselves are dusky. This, in the
case of the orbicular, serves as an easy method for ready differentia-
tion, for in messoria this spot is never darkened; in the new form it is
obviously dusky in every case, leaving a pale annulus inside the black
defining ring. The transverse line in the collar is much more feebly
marked than in messoria and the secondaries have the dusky shading
blackish, rather than yellow tinged.
Altogether, while the individual differences are slight, the sum of
the characters and their uniformity in the series before me indicates a
good species.
Expanse, 35 to 42 mm.= 1.40 to 1.68 inches.
Habitat.—Pullman, Washington, in August (Piper); Santa Cruz
Mountains, California (Hhrhorn).
Five males and six females.
Type.—Cat. No. 4803, U.S.N.M.
27. CARNEADES TERRENUS, new species.
Ground color a dull, luteous, gray brown, irrorate with coarse black
scales. Collar with a blackish transverse line. Primaries with all the
markings present and of the messoria type. ‘Transverse anterior line
more nearly upright and the outcurves less marked. Transverse pos-
terior line practically as in messoria. Subterminal line vague, broken,
preceded by a more or less evident broken, blackish shade, which is
never contrasting. Terminal space not darker than the ground.
Median shade very vague and diffuse, sometimes scarcely traceable.
Claviform never complete, usually marked by a few scales only, often
obsolete. The ordinary spots much as in messoria, save that they are
less relieved and the reniform is smaller, without central powderings.
The cell between the ordinary spots is dusky; but this shade rarely
extends beyond the reniform or into the median space. Secondaries
even, smoky fuscous in both sexes, a little darker in the female.
[Eixpanse, 35 to 40 mm.= 1.40 to 1.60 inches.
Habitat.—Pullman, Washington, June and July (C. V. Piper).
A series of 12 males and 5 females is quite uniform in general
appearance, obviously distinct from messoria by the darker, coarsely
powdered primaries, on which the usual maculation is obscure, and by
the uniformly dusky secondaries. The new species also averages
larger than its ally, the majority of the examples attaining 38 mm.
Type.—Cat. No. 4802, U.S.N.M.
28. CARNEADES TERRITORIALIS, new species.
Ground color a very light reddish gray, tending to mouse gray, even,
hardly powdery. Head and thorax immaculate, collar with a dusky
=
“No.1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. A437
central line. Vestiture mixed seales and hair, patagia evident, anterior
crest and posterior tuft distinct. Primaries with all the normal messoria
markings present, very neatly and finely written. Basal line geminate,
black, very distinct. Transverse anterior line geminate, inner part tend-
ing to become lost, outer fine, blackish, as a whole outwardly oblique,
with strong outcurves in the interspaces, the one below vein 1 being
the longest. Transverse posterior line geminate, outer portion even
and tending to become lost, inner slender, crenulate, blackish; as a
whole the line is abruptly bent on the costa and after a gentle curve
over the cell it is almost straight to the hind margin. Subterminal
line pale, a little irregular, broken, with somewhat longer dents on veins
3 and 4, marked on the costa by a dusky subterminal shade and below
the clear apex by the dusky terminal space. There is a distinct though
narrow black terminal line, somewhat thickened in the interspaces and
followed by a narrow yellow line at the base of the fringes. Median
shade smoky or blackish, rather narrow, margins a little diffuse, form-
ing an obtuse angle against the reniform. Orbicuiar always traceable,
concolorous, never completely outlined, rather small. Orbicular mod-
erate or small, round or a little ovai, narrowly black ringed, concolor-
ous or a little paler. Reniform large, kidney-shaped, rather narrow,
extending a little below the cell, not well defined except at the sides,
incompletely pale ringed, center somewhat dusky. Secondaries in the
male white, with an iridescent smoky tinge, especially toward the edges;
veins, very small discal spot and outer margin narrowly smoky; in the
female, transparently smoky, whitish toward base, else as in the male.
Beneath white, disc of primaries smoky, a smali, common discal dot,
primaries often with an incomplete exterior line which is sometimes also
begun on the secondaries.
Expanse, 32 to 36 mm. = 1.28 to 1.44 inches.
Habitat.—Denver, October 12; Salida, August 10 (Oslar); Glenwood
Springs, October 1-7 (Barnes), all in Colorado; Pullman, Washington,
September 24 (Piper).
Two males and three females are before me. The species resembles
and is no doubt confused with messoria, but it is much more neatly
marked, more even in ground color, with smaller ordinary spots and
altogether paler secondaries. The species varies in ground color and
in the relative distinctness of its ornamentation, but can always be
separated from messoria by the characters given, when the two are side
by side.
Type.—Cat. No. 4793, U.S.N.M.
29. CARNEADES FULDA, new species.
Ground color pale reddish brown, washed with gray, very even. Col-
lar with a faint transverse line. Thoracic vestiture mixed scales and
hair; patagia marked, a few black scales indicating a submargin, tuft-
ings obvious. Primaries with all the markings faint, slender, not at all
438 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
contrasting, more or less broken and incomplete. Basal line geminate,
. blackish, marked only on the costa and submedian interspace. Trans-
verse anterior line geminate, broken, brown, inner part of line tending
to become lost; outwardly oblique, outeurved in the interspaces, a long
bend below the submedian reaching nearly to the middle of the margin.
Transverse posterior line geminate, fine, brown, inner part crenulate,
outer even and scarcely marked; as a whole very evenly outcurved over
- the cell and evenly obliquebelow. Subterminal linemarked by the some-
what more dusky terminal space except at apex, where a dusky shade
precedes it, the contrasts being very feeble. Terminal line fine, black,
continuous, followed by a yellow line at the base of the fringes, which
areinterlined with brown. Median shade feebly marked, almost upright,
slightly darkening the space between the ordinary spots. Claviform
indicated by a few scattered, blackish scales. Orbicular rather large,
oval, decumbent, concolorous, outlined at sides by black scales. Heni-
form moderate in size, kidney-shaped, extending a little below the cell,
incompletely outlined in black scales, with an incomplete pale annulus,
the center dusted with lead-colored scales. Secondaries smoky whitish,
paler at the base, veins dusky, discal lunule small, terminal line brown,
fringes whitish. Beneath, whitish, powdery, disc darker, secondaries
with a feeble discal lunule.
Expanse, 34 to 36 mm.—1.36 to 1.44 inches.
Habitat.—Alameda County, California, September.
Two female specimens from the U. S. National Museum, collected by
Mr. A. Koebele. The species is of the messoria type, but very obscure,
the markings not relieved against the reddish-gray backing. In the
slender median lines it resembles territorialis, than which it is more
red and decidedly more obscure.
Type.—Cat, No. 4792, U.S.N.M.
30. CARNEADES ITODES, new species.
Ground color a very pale luteous, washed with light reddish. Head
and thorax concolorous, palpi smoky at the sides, collar with a smoky
transverse median line. Thoracic vestiture nixed scales and flattened
hair, patagia marked, anterior crest and posterior tufting well defined.
Primaries very even in tint, all the markings smoky brown, quite evi-
dent; but not contrasting. Basal line geminate, complete, included
space alittle paler. Transverse anterior line geminate, inner portion not
so well marked, oblique, with 4 subequal and not strongly marked out-
curves. Transverse posterior line geminate, outer line vague, even,
inner crenulate, included space a little paler. Asa wholeitis abruptly
bent over the cell and a little incurved below. Subterminal line of the
ground color, defined by the slightly darker terminal space and a dusky
preceding shade, which is irregular, but continuous and best marked on
the costa. A series of distinct, dusky, narrow, terminal lunules.
Median shade rather narrow, diffuse, outwardly oblique and darkening
No. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 439
the space between the ordinary spots, evenly oblique inward and well
removed from the transverse posterior line trom the lower angle of the
reniform. Claviform wanting, but there is a narrow and_ scarcely
defined yellowish mark occupying its place and extending to the median
shade. Orbicular round or nearly so, moderate or small, annulate with
yellowish, centered with the ground color, darkened by a few dusky
scales. Reniform moderate in size, kidney-shaped, extending a little
below the cell, outlined in yellowish, filled with leaden: gray or smoky.
Secondaries yellowish white, darkening a little at the outer border to a
distinct dusky terminal line; veins and a narrow lunule also a little
darker. Beneath white, with a glistening yellowish tint, more or less
powdery, primaries with anu obvious discal lunule, secondaries with a
small dusky spot.
Expanse, 37 to 40 mm. = 1.48 to 1.60 inches.
Habitat.—Arizona (Dr. Barnes).
Three good females, with no more definite locality than above given.
The species is easily different from any heretofore described, though
resembling at first a reddish canis. The vestiture here is scaly rather
than hairy, however, and the very evenly marked ornamentation is
characteristic rather of messoria, near which the new form must be
_ placed.
31. CARNEADES LAGGANZE, new species.
Ground color dull, dark, ashen gray, with fuscous powderings.
Collar gray and dark powdery, with a black, median, transverse line.
Thoracic vestiture mixed seales and flattened hair, somewhat loose,
patagia well marked, margins edged with black scales, tuftings dis-
tinct. Primaries with the markings well written, blackish, not
strongly contrasting. Basal line geminate, distinct, dentate. Trans-
verse anterior line geminate, outer portion broad and black, inner nar-
row and smoky, outwardly oblique, irregularly outcurved in the inter-
spaces, the longest curve below vein |. Transverse posterior line
geminate on the costa, below which the outer portion is lost, the inner
smoky, lunulate, with long outward venular points, only a little out-
curved over cell, parallel with outer margin. Subterminal line indi-
cated by irregularly placed paler scales, relieved by darker preceding
scales. A series of blackish terminal lunules, followed by a pale line
at base of fringes. Median shade line oblique between the ordinary
spots and somewhat darkening the cell, thence, from the inferior angie
of the reniform, close to and parallel to transverse posterior line, the
intervening space becoming slightly dusky and giving the effect of a
narrow darker band. Claviform small, very narrowly outlined by
black scales. Orbicular a little paler than ground color, without pow-
derings, of good size, narrowly black ringed. WReniform kidney-shaped,
rather narrow, not powdery, not extending below cell, very narrowly
black ringed. Secondaries even smoky gray, the veins hardly darker,
440) PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
fringes paler with a yellow line at base. Beneath, dull gray, with a
small dusky discal spot and a broad, diffuse, darker outer band, which
is complete on both wings.
Expanse, 33 mm.=1.32 inches.
Habitat.—Laggan, British Columbia (Bean).
A single perfect male. The species is evidently allied to the messoria
series, but has broader, more pointed primaries than usual, and the
antennal processes are very small, the tufts of soft hair rather than
bristles. These characters, as well as the dentate basal, and unusually
irregular transverse anterior lines, will serve to characterize the
species.
32. CARNEADES ONTARIO, new species. .
Ground color dull, smoky fuscous. Head with a brown transverse
line. Collar with a dusky transverse shade. Thoracic vestiture scaly
hair, rather loose, neither tufts nor patagia well marked. Primaries
rather powdery, median space a little darker, transverse lines blackish,
not contrasting. Basal line geminate, broken in the cell. Transverse
anterior line geminate, almost upright, irregular in the interspaces,
inner part much less distinct than outer. Transverse posterior line
geminate to the outcurve, then single, crenulate, alittle drawnin. Sub-
terminal line indicated by a few pale scales and a vague preceding shade
which is fairly obvious in the costal region. A series of brown termi-
nal lunules, followed by a very narrow pale line at base of fringes.
Median shade line vaguely indicated. Claviform absent in the speci-
men. Orbicular indicated by a diffuse, undefined, pale blotch. Reni-
form marked by a blackish, oblong blotch, partly bounded by paler
scales. Secondaries smoky, with a yellow tinge basally, veins and a
discal lunule blackish. Fringes whitish. Beneath, primaries smoky,
secondaries gray, both powdery, with a discal blotch and a broad diffuse
outer shading.
Expanse, 33 mm. = 1.32 inches.
Habitat.—Sudbury, Ontario.
A single male, source not noted on the specimen. It is an ally of
laggane, with similar wing form and general habitus, but much darker ~
throughout, the antenne having the joints much better marked. In
fact, while at first sight the species are obviously similar, careful com-
parison shows numerous other distinctive points.
33. CARNEADES TESTULA, new species.
Ground color creamy gray, powdered with black. Collar with a faint,
smoky, transverse line. Thoracic vestiture long flattened hair, patagia
and tuftings only fairly evident. Primaries with all the markings
powdery, obscured. Basal line geminate, broken, blackish, not well
marked, Transverse anterior line geminate, rather diffusely marked
on the costa, thence slender, the two parts equally evident, almost
NO. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH., 441
upright, outwardly bent in the interspaces. Transverse posterior line
geminate, blackish, evenly outcurved over the cell, a little incurved
below, inner line best marked and lunulate, outer more diffuse and more
faint, but also lunulate. Subterminal line irregular, broken, pale,
marked on the costa by a preceding dusky shade, leaving the apex
clear, and below this by blackish preceding or following powderings.
A series of small, dusky, terminal lunules, followed by a yellowish line
at the base of the fringes. <A faintly marked, diffuse, dusky median
shade darkens the space between the ordinary spots and crosses thence
obliquely and evenly inward to the margin. Claviform small, the out-
line traceable by a few black scales only. Orbicular round or nearly
so, concolorous, outlined by black scales. Keniform large, broad, kidney-
shaped, concolorous, narrowly outlined by black scales. Secondaries
dull grayish white, with a rather broad smoky outer border, the fringes
whitish with a yellowish line at base; veins and a discal lunule smoky.
Beneath gray, powdery, primaries darker, both wings with a discal spot.
Expanse, 36 mm.= 1.44 inches.
Habitat.—Calgary, Canada (Dod).
A single male, in good condition. This is an obscure powdery form
allied to laggane, but with whitish secondaries and better-marked
antennal joints. A distinctive character is the doubly lunate trans-
verse posterior line, which is not shared with any of its allies.
34. CARNEADES DIFFORMIS, new species.
Ground color dull gray or smoky, powdery. Collar with a smoky
median line. Thoracic vestiture hairy with some flattened hair inter-
mixed, loose, patagia and tuftings well indicated. Primaries with the
markings all coarsely written though not always distinct. Basal line
geminate, black, slender, very close to base. Transverse anterior line
outwardly oblique, outcurved between the veins and broken on them,
geminate, inner part narrow, brown, rather even, outer black, broad,
seeming rather a series of heavy black or brown curved marks than a
line. Transverse posterior line geminate, evenly outcurved over cell
and drawn in below, the outer line even, brown, the inner composed of
thick black or smoky lunules separated by the gray veins. Subtermi-
nal line irregularly sinuate, gray, narrow, marked by a broad, irregular,
smoky preceding shade, which may or may not be cut with gray on
the veins, the terminal space more or less dusky powdered. A series
of black or brown terminal lunules, fringes luteofuscous. An upright
or slightly curved median shade crosses the wing between the ordinary
spots and may darken the outer portion of median space. Claviform
Small, barely indicated or fairly evident. Orbicular moderate or rather
small, round or nearly so, gray filled, outlined by black scales. Reniform
moderate in size or rather small, kidney-shaped or tending to become a
little constricted centrally, narrowly outlined by black scales, more or
less smoky filled. Secondaries white with a yellowish tinge in the male,
44? PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX.
smoky with a yellowish tinge in the female, veins and a discal lunule
darker. In the male there is an evident exterior dusky line, more or
less broken, beyond which the wing is somewhat smoky to the smoky
terininal line. Fringes white in both sexes and in the male unusually
long. Beneath whitish gray, rather even, with a distinct discal spot
and «a broad, blackish outer line nearly complete on all wings.
Expanse, 30 to 33 mm.= 1.20 to 1.32 inches.
Habitat.—Oregon (Schaus).
Two males and one female, all different. The female is best marked
and the main points in the description are from that specimen. One of
the males is similar but much more obscure, all the black being changed
to smoky brown, and in neither of these is the median shade anything
more than a vague suggestion. The second male is intermediate in dis-
tinctness of maculation save that the shadings to the subterminal line
are obscured by a universal dusky shading, and here the median shade
is present without doubt and darkens the space between the ordinary
spots. These latter are large also in this last specimen, and I was at
first strongly inclined to reject it as a member of this species. It agrees,
however, in all other features, and particularly in the outer line of the
secondaries above, which is not usual, and in the broad outer line of
the under side.
The antennal processes in the male are unusually long, so that the
brush-like structure is prominent.
35- CARNEADES DAKOTA, new species.
Ground color a sordid clay yellow, powdered with smoky. Head and
thorax concolorous. Vestiture hairy, but coarse and somewhat flat-
tened; the tuftings not obvious in the specimens. Primaries without
contrasts, the ordinary maculation written in blackish. Basal line
unusually distinct, geminate, the two portions well separated. Trans-
verse anterior line upright or a little oblique outwardly, marked by gemi-
nate black spots on the costa, beiow which the inner line is lost, and
the outer is made up of three interspaceal lunules preceded by a some-
what paler shade. Transverse posterior line geminate on the costa, the
outer line becoming lost in the outcurve over cell, inner line slender,
crenulate, very oblique inwardly below the cell and a little incurved.
Subterminal line vaguely marked by a slightly darker subterminal
shade. <A series of smoky, interspaceal terminal lunules. Median
shade broad, diffuse, smoky, almost upright, and crossing just inside the
reniform. Claviform absent. Orbicular absent or marked by a dusky
central dot. Reniform marked by a blackish or smoky kidney-shaped
spot. Secondaries dirty-gray at base, smoky fuscous outwardly, fringes
nearly white. Beneath whitish, powdery, both wings with outer lines
and discal lunules.
Expanse, 32 to 34 mm.—1.28 to 1.35 inches.
Habitat.—Dakota: No definite locality.
No. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 443
form the species suggests audentis, which is a bright-colored form.
The dusky reniform and obsolete or punctiform orbicular, combined
with the other characters noted, should make this an easily recogniz-
- able form, though sordidly obscure in appearance.
Type.—Cat. No. 4790, U.S.N.M.
36. CARNEADES HOLOBERBA, new species.
Ground color dull smoky brown with a purplish shade. Head con-
eolorous. Collar with a distinct black median transverse line sur-
mounted by purplish gray. Vestiture of thorax mixed scales and flat-
tened hair, patagia slightly relieved, anterior divided crest and posterior
tufting distinct. Primaries with all the markings distinct, the lines
black or blackish, but not contrasting against the dark ground, the
included spaces a little paler and serving to relieve the defining por-
tions. Basal line geminate, evenly outcurved, distinct throughout.
Transverse anterior line upright or a little oblique outwardly, somewhat
irregular, the inner line hardly darker than the ground, outer black.
‘Transverse posterior line sharply bent on the costal vein, then parallel
with the outer margin. Outer line even, hardly darker; inner black,
Junulate, the points much more extended on the veins. Subterminal
line distinct, paler, more or less broken, forming a feeble W on veins 3
and 4, marked by the slightly darker terminal space and a distinct,
blackish brown preceding shade, which tends to break up into sagittate
spots. A series of small, black, terminal lunules. Fringes concolorous.
Median shade vaguely marked in one specimen. Claviform small, more
or less completely detined by black scales, lightened .by a few paler
scales. Orbicular round or a little oval, small or moderate in. size,
paler in color and with a few darker, central scales. Reniform moderate,
kidney-shaped, upright, incomplete above and below, black-margined
within, outwardly with brown scales, a narrow, incomplete pale annu-
lus relieving the spot from the slightly darker cell. Secondaries dull,
smoky brown, fringes a little paler. Beneath smoky, powdery, with an
outer line and discal spot, nuch better marked on the secondaries.
Expanse, 38 mm. = 1.52 inches.
Habitat.—Calgary, Canada, July 4 and 6 (Dod).
Two female specimens in good condition. The species resembles
brunneigera, but is much darker brown, with a purplish tinge, and the
lines are obviously geminate and even in general appearance.
a7. CARNEADES KERRVILLEI, new species.
Ground color very pale, creamy gray, powdery. Head with a trans-
verse blackish line across the middle, palpi blackish at sides. Collar
yellow tipped, else blueish powdered. Thoracic vestiture mixed scales
and hair, tuftings indefinite, yellow tipped, patagia gray powdered,
somewhat relieved. A tutt of long white hair at base of abdomen.
444 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
Primaries with all the lines smoky, not ‘contrasting. Basal line appar-
ently single, interrupted, very close to base. Transverse anterior line
upright or even a little inwardly oblique, inner line best marked, a little
outcurved in the submedian interspace, outer line powdery, diffuse,
leaving a rather wide included space. Transverse posterior line single,
blackish, very even, only a little outecurved over the cell and rigidly
oblique below it. Beyond this line the wing is a little darker pow-
dered. Median line smoky, fairly defined, almost midway between the
median lines and, as nearly as possible, parallel to them in course.
Subterminal line blackish, broken into irregular spots, of which the
largest is on the costa, in course only a little uneven. Terminal dusky
lunules very small. Claviform wanting. Orbicular large, round, not
defined, marked by a gray central powdering. Reniform of good size,
kidney-shaped, somewhat faintly outlined by dusky scales, gray-filled
inferiorly. Secondaries white, with a small discal lunule, and a nar-
row, smoky, powdery outer border. Fringes white. Beneath white,
powdery, primaries a little darker, with a discal spot and a vague
subterminal line; secondaries with a small diseal Iunule only.
Expanse, 36 mm.= 1.44 inches.
Habitat.—Kerrville, Texas (Dr. Barnes).
A single male, in good condition. The species is allied to lineifrons
and the series related to it, but is not to be confused with either. The
transverse lines divide the wing into five spaces which narrow regu-
larly from the base outward, and all the lines are essentially parallel
to each other. The ordinary spots are so obscured that they require
a second look to be recognized, and this, with the peculiar mottling of
creamy yellow and bluish gray scales, is distinctive. The anterior
tarsi—all that remain—are annulate with black and the antenne have
the serrations not very much marked.
38. CARNEADES TERNARIUS, new species.
Ground color smoky fuscous, obscure, varying to red brown. Head
with a brown or blackish frontal line. Collar with a feebly marked,
dusky, transverse line. Thoracic vestiture mostly flattened hair with
finer hair intermixed, patagia feebly marked, tufts obscure. Prima-
ries with all the markings obscure, the blackish diffuse median shade
being the most obvious feature. Basal line geminate, blackish, broken.
Transverse anterior line geminate, upright, a little outcurved in the
interspaces, blackish, broken, inner portion tending to become obsolete
or entirely so. ‘Transverse posterior line geminate, evenly outeurved
over the cell, a little incurved below, outer portion even, sometimes
obsolete, inner slender, crenulate, blackish. Median shade, broad,
blackish, diffuse, crossing the middle of the wing and only a little
curved outwardly. Subterminal line irregular, marked by a blackish
subterminal shade which varies in distinctness, and is in one ease alto-
gether absent, the line itself being also lost in consequence. A black-
NO. 1208. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 445
ish terminal line, tending to become lunulate, followed by a yellow line
at base of fringes. The ordinary spots are practically obsolete, though
the reniform may be traced by a vaguely paler shading and an equally
vague, darker lunate mark. Secondaries smoky, a little paler at base,
veins and a discal lunule smoky. Beneath gray to smoky, powdery,
with or without a discal spot and outer line.
Expanse, 33 to 37 mm.=1.32 to 1.48 inches.
Habitat.— Denver, Colorado, October 9; Salida, July 10 (Oslar); Fort
Collins, Colorado (Gillette); Colorado (Bruce).
Four specimens, all females and no two alike. It is indeed with
some hesitation that I have associated them all under one name, but
all agree in the practical absence of the ordinary spots, the dominant
median shade, and the generally sordid, obscure coloring. The differ-
ence lies in the range between a distinct blackish shade defining the
subterminal line, and its entire absence, the former being the type of
the species. The shading of the secondaries in one specimen is dis-
tinctly darker. It will require a series containing males to settle the
matter fully.
Type.—Cat. No. 4808, U.S.N.M.
39. CARNEADES NOCTUIFORMIS, new species.
Ground color a pale mouse gray, powdered with brown and blackish
scales. Head with a broad brown transverse line. Collar inferiorly
brown, surmounted by a black middle line, upper portion of the ground
color. Thoracic vestiture mixed scales and flattened hair, patagia
a little relieved, tuftings evident though not prominent. Basal line
geminate, brown, outwardly margined by a brown shading in the sub-
median interspace. Transverse anterior line geminate, lines almost
equally well defined, inwardly bent from costa to median vein and
touching the orbicular, outcurved in the submedian interspace and with
a long outcurve below vein 1 so that the margin is reached very close to
its middle. Transverse posterior iine not very well defined, geminate on
the costa, but beyond that not well marked, even, outcurved over the
cell, very close to the reniform and a little drawn in below. Subterminal
line pale, irregular, not well marked, defined by a darkening of the ter-
minal space which leaves the apex free, and by a dusky preceding shade
which is best marked on the costa. A narrow, black, terminal line, fol-
lowed by a yellow line at the base of the fringes. Median shade darkens
the cell between the ordinary spots, then runs parallel with and rather
close to the transverse posterior line, the space between becoming
brown shaded and darker than the rest of the wing. Claviform evident,
brown ringed, concolorous, moderate in size. Orbicular large, irregu-
larly oval, oblique, open to the costa, outlined by black scales, annulate
by a slightly paler ring, the center concolorous. Reniform large, broad,
kidney-shaped, extending well below the median vein, black ringed,
annulate by paler scales, center brown, with a yellowish median line.
446 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSE uM. VOL. XXII.
The wilt as a whole 1S dusky around. the ordinary spots. Secondaries
smoky, with a yellowish tinge, darker outwardly, discal lunule pres-
ent, fringes whitish. Beneath gray, powdery, discal lunule and outer
line indicated on primaries only.
Expanse, 35 to 36 mm. = 1.40 to 1.44 inches.
Habitat.—Siskiyou, California, September 11 (Henry Eelwende)s east
Washington (Piper).
Two males. The type was received from Mr. Edwards several years
ago and is in fair condition; the second example, from Washington, is
rubbed and imperfect. It is darker throughout, the reniform has the
inner margin drawn in so as to constrict it centrally and give it a flask
shape, and the median shade line is not weli marked. Otherwise I see
no essential differences, and the examples agree in somewhat unusually
long antenne and in the shape of the primaries, which recalls Noctua
rather than the more typical Carneades.
40. CARNEADES INTRUSA, new species.
In Bulletin No. 38, U.S. National Museum,' I called attention to what
I then considered a variety of tessellata, and for which the term intrusa
was suggested. With the material now at hand I have no hesitation
in declaring the form entitled to specific rank. It resembles tessellata
in general scheme of ornamentation, but the transverse anterior line
is more upright, and the transverse posterior more evenly oblique below
the middle of the cell. It is irregularly white powdered, and in each
specimen the powdering is more prominent in a different space. In
one it brightens the subterminal space, in another the costal region, in
a third the basal space, and in the fourth the lower half of the median
space. The powderings are coarse and not very close. The ordinary
spots are more or less filled with these coarse white scales, and the reni-
form is outwardly shaded with yellow.
Expanse, 30 to 33 mm. = 1.20 to 1.33 inches.
Habitat.—Sierra Nevada, California.
Specimens labeled as above are in the U.S. National Museum collec-
tion, the Edwards collection, and the Rutgers College collection.
Type.—-Cat. No. 4717, U.S.N.M.
41. CARNEADES NEOTELIS, new species.
Ground color red-brown, more or less shaded with ash-gray. Head
with a black or brown line across the middle of the front. Antenne
with a discolored red, yellow, or gray tuft at base. Collar with a deep-
brown median line, gray margined above, tending to become diffuse
inferiorly; the base of the primaries usually marked by a discolored
yellow or gray tuft. Thoracic vestiture mixed scales and flattened hair,
EEE evident, tuftings distinct and pone to become discolored.
| Bane 192.
No. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. ALT
Primaries very uniform in general tint, no strong contrasts, markings
all present, but tending to become broken. Basal line geminate, black,
with yellow included scales, broken in the cell. Transverse anterior line
geminate, brown ov black, outwardly oblique and outcurved in the inter-
spaces; outer portion distinct, inner portion much less marked, included
space gray. Transverse posterior line geminate, blackish or brown,
evenly curved over cell and a little drawn in below; outer portion even,
tending to become lost, inner more or less evidently lunulate and not
prominent. Subterminal line yellowish, irregular, broken, sometimes
consisting of scattered yellow scales only, usually marked by preceding
darker or blackish spots tending to unite, and by a preceding shade on
eosta. The terminal space, save at apex, is a trifle darker. <A black
terminal line, tending to become lunulate, is followed by a narrow yel-
Jow line at the base of the fringes. A feebly marked median shade is
evident in most specimens, outwardly oblique between the ordinary
spots and a little irregular, but close to aud parallel with transverse
posterior line below that point. Cell between the ordinary spots a little
darker. Orbicular large, gray, oval, oblique, outlined by black scales.
Reniform large, broad, upright, kidney-shaped, extending below the
cell, outlined by black and annulate by pale scales, invaded by a yel-
low shade at the middle of the outer margin, else a trifle darker
than the ground, a leaden shade becoming marked inferiorly. Clavi-
form small or moderate, incompletely outlined, never prominent. Sec-
ondaries, smoky white in the male; darker, with a yellow shade in
the female; darkening outwardly, veins and a narrow diseal lunule also
darker. [Fringe whitish, with a yellow line at base and a smoky inter-
line. Beneath, ranging from dirty white to smoky gray, powdery,
discal spot and outer dusky line more or less obvious or complete on
all wings. ;
Expanse, 36 mm. = 1.44 inches.
Habitat—Pullman, Washington, July (Piper); Colorado (Bruce).
Two males and two females, remarkably similar in size and not much
different in other respects. There is a little variation in the shade of
brown and a little in the shade of the ornamental lines, but otherwise
nothing. The species is perhaps near to insulsa, but lacks the strong
contrasts and prominent claviform. It has the reniform of tessellata
and becomes confusing by the presence of a fairly obvious median
shade, combining thus the characters of two series.
Type.—Cat. No. 4796, U.S.N.M.
42. CARNEADES ATROFUSCA, new species.
Ground color mouse gray, varying to brown, always even. Ilead
and thorax concolorous, vestiture an admixture of flattened hair and
scales, the tuftings evident on well-preserved specimens. Collar with
arusty transverse shading, which is sometimes relieved by black scales,
forming an apparent black line, Where this shade reaches the base of
448 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
not always present. Primaries with the median lines obscured and no
strong contrasts. Basal line geminate, sometimes marked on the costa
only, but often complete and relieved by yellow, included scales. Trans-
verse anterior line geminate, usually traceable by black or smoky scales -
across the wing; in course a little outwardly oblique, and slightly out-
curved in the interspaces. Transverse posterior line geminate, trace-
able with difficulty in some examples, obsolete in others. Subterminal
line pale, irregular, always broken, usually only scattered yellow scales,
which are often altogether absent. Sometimes the yellow scales are
emphasized by preceding black atoms, and in one case the line is marked
by a somewhat deeper preceding shade. Terminal line narrow, black,
relieving a yellow line at the base of the fringes. Claviform small,
traceable in all the specimens, not complete in any. Orbicular large,
oval, irregular, oblique, concolorous, more or less completely outlined
by black seales, within which, in some specimens, yellow scales tend to
bring it into relief. KReniform large, kidney shaped, extending below
the cell, more or less imperfectly outlined by black scales, and usually
better defined by an inner ring of yellow or whitish scales, which may
invade the spot centrally. Usually the center is concolorous, but it
may be slightly darker. Secondaries dirty yellowish white, outwardly .
smoky, the female more yellowish, with a broader soiled margin, discal
lunule evident, fringes white, with a yellow line at base and a smoky
line beyond this. Beneath gray, powdery, with the usual tendency to
an outer line and a discal spot on all wings.
Expanse, 32 to 35 mm. = 1.28 to 1.40 inches.
Habitat.—Glenwood Springs, Colorado, August, September, October
(Barnes); Colorado (Bruce); Pullman, Washington, July (Piper).
Six males and four females are at hand. They vary from a mouse
gray to a red brown in ground color, and from almost immaculate to a
type in which all the markings can be traced by darker or paler scales.
The best-marked ‘specimen resembles a normal tessellata without the
black, and in fact this species resembles the common form when all its
characteristic markings have been washed out. It is perhaps even
closer to satis, which is larger, better marked, has a black line across
the collar, and a broken, black, longitudinal line at base.
Type.—Cat. No. 4798, U.S.N.M.
43. CARNEADES OBJURGATA, new species.
Ground color red brown, more or less overlaid by violet scales, less
marked in the male, which tends to rusty shadings. Head violet in the
female, often rusty in the male, palpi dusky at the sides. Collar with
a brown or blackish median line, which is margined above by violet
scales, inferiorly a little paler or even rusty yellow, in which case there
is a patch of rusty scales at the base of the primaries. Primaries with
all the markings present, the surface powdery and mottled with black,
~ No. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 449
gray, brown, and yellow scales. Basal line geminate, black, both por-
tions equally distinct, usually pale filled, outwardly angulated on the
median vein, beneath which a line of black séales may connect this
angulation with the transverse anterior line. Transverse anterior line
geminate, diffuse on the costa, outer part broad, black; inner narrower
and blackish; included line always paler and sometimes yellowish; in
course outwardly oblique, with outcurves in the interspaces. Trans-
verse posterior line geminate, inner blackish, lunulate rather than
crenulate, the outer smoky, even; its course is a rectangular bend over
the cell, and then parallel with the outer margin or a little incurved to
the inner margin. Subterminal line always evident, pale, sometimes
punctiform, usually marked by the darker terminal space, and some-
times by a preceding broken or continuous shade as well, forming a
small W on veins 3 and 4 when best marked. Median shade quite dis-
tinct, oblique between the ordinary spots, then rather close to and
parallel with the transverse posterior line to the margin. Claviform
moderate or small, concolorous, often incomplete, but always at least
partly outlined in black. Orbicular moderate or large, oblique, oval or
irregular, more or less completely black ringed, annulate with violet or
yellowish, the center paler than the ground, so that the spot is relieved
without being really contrasting. Orbicular large, kidney-shaped,
extending well below the median vein, laterally outlined by black
scales, incomplete above and below. An annulus of yellow or violet
scales lies within the black margin, and these scales encroach from the
concave outer border and sometimes nearly divide the spot. The center
is of the ground color, but darkens inferiorly, and it may be relieved
by a pale central lunule. There is a series of black terminal lunules,
and a pale line at the base of the fringes. Secondaries soiled whitish,
with a smoky outer margin, broader and darker in the female, the
yellowish tinge very faint, yet perceptible. Beneath gray, powdery,
with the usual outer line and discal spots all more or less evident.
Thoracic vestiture an admixture of scales and flattened hair, patagize
relieved, tuftings well marked.
Expanse, 32 to 386 mm.= 1.28 to 1.44 inches.
Habitat.—Pullman, Washington, July and August (Piper); Dakota.
Size and general habitus of tesseilata without the black filling, and
much mottled and powdered; more like friabilis, but smaller and some-
what shorter winged, not so evenly gray. The male seems to resemble
tessellata most nearly in habitus, whereas the female tends rather to —
messoria in the better-defined median shade. Ten specimens, equally
divided as to sex, are under examination.
Type.—Cat. No. 4804, U.S.N.M.
44. CARNEADES CARIOSUS, new species.
Ground color rather dull, smoky brown, shading to gray. Head alittle
paler inferiorly, palpi dusky at the sides. Collar paler below, a more
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 29
450 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
or less obvious plackish Tine above the middle; the point where the |
base of the primary joins the thorax marked be yellow scales. The
anterior divided crest and posterior tufting evident. Primaries a little
powdery, markings all present, but diffuse and not clearly written.
Basal line geminate, black, inner complete, bent on the median vein and
running in on the submedian so as almost to reach the base. Transverse
anterior line geminate, outer portion black, distinct, inner smoky,
scarcely evident, both portions broken in the costal space. Asa whole
the line is a little oblique outwardly, and is outcurved in the interspaces.
Transverse posterior line geminate, inner part black and lunulate, outer
smoky and even. As a whole the line is well removed outwardly,
leaving a wide median space; is very slightly outcurved over the cell
and is almost evenly oblique or a very little incurved below. Subter-
minal line pale, irregular, marked chiefly by a preceding dusky shade
in the subterminal space, and by the slightly darker terminal space
below the apex. There is also a somewhat dusky, indefined, preceding
shade, which may be broken into irregular blotches; but is never
contrasting. Terminal line narrow, black, broken, the base of the
fringes a little yellowish. Median shade quite well defined, smoky,
darkening the cell somewhat between the ordinary spots, and running
parallel to and well removed from transverse posterior line below the
reniform. Claviform concolorous, moderate in size, narrow, incompletely
black margined. Orbicular of good size, oblique, irregular, oblong
rather than oval, black ringed except on costal vein, a white inner
annulus relieving the concolorous center. Reniform large, kidney-
shaped, extending below the median vein, outlined by black scales
except above and below, better defined by a whitish annulus, which is
somewhat emphasized by yellowish scales exteriorly; center dusky,
with a powdering of yellow scales toward the middle. Secondaries
pale, smoky yellowish, more whitish toward the base, fringes white
tipped, yellowish at base, smoky interlined, cell closed by a smoky
lunule. Beneath whitish, with black powderings, a more or less evident
common outer line and a discal lunule.
Expanse, 32 to 34 mm. = 1.28 to 1.36 inches.
Habitat.—Pullman, Washington, July 18 to 24 (Piper).
Two males and one female; the latter the largest and with a grayish
shading. The species is somewhat stumpy winged in appearance, and
resembles what I have determined as /friabilis, save that it is smaller
and not ash gray in ground color. =
Type.—Cat. No. 4801, U.S.N.M.
45. CARNEADES MALIS, new species.
Ground color a bright bluish gray, through which a faint reddish
shade is noticed in the center of primaries. Head brown. Thoracic
vestiture mostly flattened hair, tuftings feebly indicated, patagia not
marked. Primaries with the maculation generally obscured, except for
NO. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 451
the contrasting black filling of the cell about the ordinary spots.
Basal line black, geminate, distinct. Transverse anterior line marked
by geminate brown costal spots; below this it is single, slender, brown,
scarcely contrasting, outwardly oblique and outcurved in the inter-
spaces. Transverse posterior line marked by geminate brown spots on
the costa, else obsolete. Subterminal line marked by a preceding cos-
tal shade and by the slightly dusky terminal space, the apex being
clear. -A slender brown terminal line is followed by a yellowish line at
the base of the fringes. Claviform wanting. Orbicular large, oblique,
incomplete above, annulate with pale, else concolorous. Reniform
large, kidney-shaped, extending well below the cell and seemingly
much too large for uhe insect; not outlined except by the black filling
of the cell and the blackish filling of the spot which defines it against’
the ground color. Secondaries white, veins yellowish, marginal line
smoky. Beneath, primaries gray, secondaries white, both powdery
with a discal spot and with a punctiform outer line.
Expanse, 29 mm. = 1.16 inches.
Habitat.—Brandon, Manitoba, October 27, 1898 (Hanham),
A single male only, under No. 426, of this pretty little species which
recalls the Texas Noctua pellucidalis. In Carneades its nearest ally is
albipennis Grote.
46. CARNEADES PINDAR, new species.
Ground color an even brownish gray. Head somewhat paler, more
fawn gray, palpi blackish at sides. Collar fawn gray inferiorly, brown-
ish above, with a contrasting black line between the shades. Thoracic
vestiture mostly flattened hair, patagia hardly relieved, tuftings indis-
tinct, no markings. Primaries with the costal region a little paler, ter-
minal space smoky brown, cell before and between the ordinary spots
black or blackish, basal space with a black streak below the median
vein, becoming diffuse outwardly, else very smooth, not at all powdery.
Basal line marked by geminate smoky dots on costa and by a pale shade
interrupting the basal streak below the cell. Transverse anterior line’
geminate, very feebly defined, almost upright to vein 1, below which
it makes a long outcurve. Transverse posterior line geminate, very
slightly darker, inner portion lunulate, outer even, as a whole almost
parallel with the outer margin. Subterminal line concolorous, marked
by the dark terminal space, which leaves the apex pale, and a preced-
ing shade which is best marked on the costa and then breaks up into
black or blackish sagittate interspaceal marks. A series of small, black,
terminal lunules, from which blackish rays are sent inward to oppose
the sagittate preceding marks. Claviform of good size, concolorous,
narrowly black-ringed. Orbicular oblong, oblique, large in size, open
to the costa, else black-ringed, concolorous. Reniform of good size,
kidney-shaped, black-ringed, concolorous. Secondaries whitish with a
faint luteous tinge, outer margin narrowly smoky, the border becoming
452 . PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
diffuse inwardly. Beneath whitish, powdery, both wings with a smoky
discal spot.
xpanse, 34 to 36- mm. = 1.36 to 1.44 inches.
Habitat.—Bluff, Utah (Mrs. H. M. Peabody).
Two males from the U. 8S. National Museum, in not the best of con-
dition. The species is-allied to obeliscoides in type of maculation, but
has no contrasts and does have a well marked subterminal line pre-
ceded by sagittate black marks. From the protean forms of perexcel-
lens I believe it to be safely distinguished by the form of the ordinary
spots and their uniformity with the ground color.
Type.—Cat. No. 4789, U.S.N.M.
47. CARNEADES HENRIETTA, new species.
Ground color red brown, more or less evidently overlaid by gray
scales. Head variable, but usually of the color of the inferior portion
of collar. Collar with a distinct, black, median transverse line, above
which is the ground color of the wing and below which the color is
usually contrasting gray, yellow, or brown; but it may be concolorous
with the ground. Primaries may be entirely uniform in color or the
costal region may be contrastingly yellowish or rusty luteous to the
transverse posterior line. All the lines incomplete and sometimes
barely traceable. Basal line usually marked by geminate dusky spots
on the costa, and by black spots in the submedian interspace; a black
longitudinal mark extending from this point to the transverse anterior
line. Transverse anterior line geminate, outwardly oblique and well
outcurved in the interspaces, so that it reaches the inner margin not
much within its middle, interrupted in the costal region. The inner
part of line is scarcely defined, the outer is black, included space
usually a little paler. Transverse posterior line geminate on the costa,
thence single, fine, crenulated, rarely complete, sometimes marked only
by the contrast between subterminal and median spaces, sometimes
scarcely more than indicated. Subterminal line pale, slender, more or
less broken, a little toothed on veins 4 and 5, sometimes marked by
the darker terminal space, sometimes by a few preceding scales, and
sometimes not at all. A series of interspaceal terminal points, send.
ing brown rays across the terminal space which, when darker, leaves
the apex pale. Subterminal space usually a little paler and sometimes
obviously contrasting. Veins dusky. Median cell more or less black
powdered before and between the ordinary spots. Claviform variable in
size, outlined in black, sending from its tip a narrow black line through
the submedian interspace and above this a paler ray to the transverse
posterior line. Orbicular oval, moderate or large, incomplete above,
else black ringed, inwardly relieved by a pale annulus, the center con-
colorous or paler. Reniform large, kidney-shaped, oblique, black
ringed, annulate with yellowish, the center a mixture of yellowish and
blackish scales in varying proportions. Secondaries whitish, with a
No. 1203 NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. AD3
faint yellowish tinge in the male, more @ smoky in the female, with a
dusky outer line, from which a very narrow shade may or may not
extend irregularly inward. Discal lunule faintly marked. Beneath
gray, powdery, secondaries more whitish, all wings with an incomplete
outer line and a discal spot.
Expanse, 30 to 34 mm.=1.20 to 1.36 inches.
Habitat.— Alameda County, California, September (U.S.N.M.); Santa
Cruz Mountains (Ehrhorn); Senator, Arizona, June 25 (Dr. Barnes).
Five males and two females, no two alike. This species has approxi-
- mately the same range of variation as perexcellens Grote=infeliv Smith,
but it is decidedly smaller, the wings are broader, more stumpy, there
are no sagittate spots preceding the subterminal line in the contrast-
ing individuals, and, altogether, the species differs so conse in habi-
tus that there seems little danger of confusion.
Type.—Cat. No. 4806, U.S.N.M.
[Larva.—Head bilobed, broad, clypeus broadly triangular, rather
high, the paraclypeal pieces nearly attaining the vertex; pale brown,
speckled with darker over the sides and at the top of each lobe; labrum
pale, jaws dark at tip, ocelli in a brown patch; width, 3.5mm. Body
somewhat flattened, robust, feet normal, but all small and short;
tubercle iv of joints 9 and 10 at the upper corner of the spiracle. Thin
skinned, translucent whitish, the dorsum faintly shaded with reddish.
Cervical shield distinct, brown, with brown impressed strigz, cut by
three white bands; anal plate obscure, brown dotted. Spiracles black.
Tubercles moderately large, brown, obscure. No marks in the blown
example.
‘On roots of various plants” (Koebele, No. 94).—Harrison G. Dyar.|
48. CARNEADES VANIDICUS, new species.
Ground color luteous with a slight reddish tinge, in the female so
heavily shaded with gray as to seem smoky or ashen. Head of the
palest ground color, the tip of the frontal vestiture sometimes a little
darker. Collar with arather narrow black median transverse line, below
- which it is paler and, usually, contrastingly discolored. Thoracic vesti-
ture mixed scales and flattened hair, patagia relieved, dorsal crest and
tuftings distinct, and in the male a little discolored. Primaries with the
costal region pale, discolored, gray (female) to yellow (male), a pale streak
through the submedian interspace and another from the middle of the
reniform outward and curved upward to the apex. Basal line marked
only by the pale included space below the median vein, where it breaks
the longitudinal black shading, which extends to the transverse anterior
line. Transverse anterior line geminate, marked by smoky spots on the
costa and by an obliquely outward curve in the submedian interspace.
Transverse posterior line practically obsolete in most cases or only
marked opposite the cell by the somewhat darker median space, in one
female traceable for its full course, and there a little incurved. Veins
4. 8 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOU. X XU.
more or less marked by dusky scales, the median alls accompanied by a
series of pale scales. Subterminal line pale, defined by the uniformly .
dusky terminal space and by a series of variably evident sagittate black
spots or dashes. A series of brown or blackish lunules, beyond which
the fringes are pale, with a narrow, dusky, interline. Olaviform dis-
tinct, pointed, usually reaching the center of the wing in the femaie, a
little shorter in the male, and sending off a slender black line from its
tip through the submedian interspace. Orbicular oblique, oval or
oblong, moderate in size, usually incomplete above, defined by a narrow
black ring, within which is a paler annulus, the center of the ground
color or paler. Reniform large, kidney-shaped, scarcely extending
below the median vein, black ringed, annulate with pale, with a dusky
center, which may be encroached upon by pale scales; there is a tend-
ency to a little backward spur along the median vein from the lower
margin of the spot. Cell, except for the ordinary spots, filled with
smoky or black. Secondaries whitish in the male, with a narrow,
smoky, outer border; smoky gray and almost uniform in the female;
fringes white in both cases. Beneath whitish, powdery, disk of pri-
maries smoky and with a distinct discal spot and incomplete outer line.
Secondaries paler, with a small discal spot only.
Expanse, 31 to 35 mm. = 1.24 to 1.40 inches.
Habitat.—Pheenix, Arizona, November 4 to 11 (Griffith); Pullman,
Washington, September 27 (Piper).
Seven specimens, of which half are male and half are female, one
example being the most complete possible example of a union of both
sexes. The left side from the median line of the body 1s. completely
male, the right side is as completely female. Ovipositor and claspers
are both present and the differences in antennal structure is marked.
The two pairs of wings afford a perfect illustration of the sexual color
differences and make it certain that the two are correctly associated.
So far as the material indicates, the variation is mostly sexual, the
male being in all respects the brighter, with greater contrasts and a
predominating yellow shade. The female is more uniformly gray, and
the contrasts are not nearly so great, the costal region seeming whitish
rather than yellow.
The species is allied to perexcellens; but is smaller, with differently
shaped ordinary spots and much whiter secondaries. From henrietta
it is distinguished by more pointed primaries, much stronger color con-
trasts, the sagittate spots before the subterminal line, and the form of
the ordinary spots.
Type.—Cat. No. 4807, U.S.N.M.
49. CARNEADES FCEMINALIS, new species.
Ground color ashen gray, shaded with smoky or blackish. Head
gray inferiorly, vertex smoky brown. Collar with a broad, black median
band which is tipped with gray and below which there is a reddish
on
No. 1203. NEW NOCTULID MOTHS—SMITH. 45!
tinge. Thoracic vestiture mostly flattened hair, patagia marked and
edged with gray scales, tuftings obvious. Primaries with costal region
contrastingly gray or whitish, this shade invading the orbicular and,
to some degree, the reniform as well as, occasionally, the inner margin.
Basal line marked by a smoky costal spot only. Transverse anterior
line geminate, marked on the costa, obsolete through the cell, then very
obliquely outcurved in the interspaces; outer portion blackish, evident,
inner smoky, obscure, defined chiefly by the somewhat paler included
space. A black or blackish shade defines the pale costal space from
the base to the transverse anterior line and this shade continues so as
to fill the cell around the ordinary spots and the median space above
vein 2. Transverse posterior line geminate on the costa, thence single,
very slightly crenulate, broadly curved over the cell, well incurved
below. Subterminal line gray or whitish, irregular, broken, terminal
space clarker except at apex, preceded by a dusky subterminal shade,
which is best marked on the costa and tends to break up into somewhat
triangular spots. There is a faint, terminal, blackish line. Claviform
moderate, black ringed, sometimes concolorous, sometimes gray, and
Sometimes the margins almost join to make it solidly black. Orbicular
narrow, oblique, oblong rather than oval, varying in size, gray-filled.
Reniform moderate in size, kidney-shaped, not extending below the
median vein, black margined, then annulate with white, the center con-
colorous and variably gray powdered. Secondaries white with a smoky
tinge in the male, darker and with a more yellowish shade in the female;
fringes white, veins and a discal lunule dusky.
Expanse, 31 to 37 mm.—1.24 to 1.48 inches.
Habitat.—Garfield County, Colorado, 6,000 feet (Bruce).
Two males and two females; one of the latter apparently a little
dwarfed and crippled, which accounts for the range of size variation;
the other examples are 35, 36, and 37 mm., respectively. The species is
allied to furtivus or idahoensis, but has none of the red or brown shad-
ing, and the transverse posterior line is complete. Aside from this the
form of the ordinary spots differs, and this new species has the markings
much more obvious and is less even in appearance.
Type.—Cat. No. 4784, U.S.N.M.
50. CARNEADES NORDICA, new species.
Ground color smoky brown, with a more or less obvious red shading,
the female with a gray shading over all. Head with a dusky frontal
line across the middle. Collar with a distinct black median line, which
is tipped with gray; in the male a reddish or rusty shade predominates
below this line and leaves a rusty patch at the base of the primaries;
in the female a gray shade replaces the red. Thoracic vestiture mixed,
patagia defined, tuftings distinct and a little gray tipped. Primaries
with the costal region gray to the transverse posterior line, this shade
invading the orbicular and to some extent the subterminal space. The
AD56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXU.
cell is black filled around the ordinary spots, and a blackish shading
is in the basal space below the median vein, shading to the ground
color inferiorly, sharply limited above. Basal line marked by geminate —
black spots on the costa, and by a gray line interrupting the black below
the median vein. Transverse anterior line geminate, interrupted by
the pale costal shade, outwardly oblique and outeurved in the inter-
spaces below that point. Transverse posterior line geminate, the inner
line crenulate, outer even and not so well marked; as a whole, evenly
curved over the cell and a little drawn in below. Subterminal line
pale, irregular, a little dentate on veins 3 and 4, defined by the dusky
terminal space which leaves the apex of the ground color, and a dusky
preceding shade which is best marked on the costa and is more or less
broken into undefined spots elsewhere in its course. A broken blackish
terminal line, followed by a yellow line at the base of the fringes.
Claviform black ringed, variable in size, though never very large; a
fine black line from its tip through the submedian interspace and a
slightly paler shading above it. Orbicular oblique, oval or oblong,
open to the costa superiorly in the female, incompletely closed in the
male. Reniform upright, kidney-shaped, of good size, hardly extending
below the cell, defined by a gray annulus and the center more or less
gray powdered. The median vein is gray to the reniform, and a powder-
ing of gray scales is variably evident along the inner margin. Sec-
ondaries smoky, more yellowish at the base, darker in the female,
fringes whitish. Beneath, primaries smoky, secondaries gray, pow-
dery; all with an incomplete outer line and a discal lunule, the latter
usually obsolete on the primaries and sometimes so on the secondaries.
Expanse, 35 to 38 mm.=1.40 to 1.52 inches.
Habitat.—Calgary, Canada, July 16, 19, August 3 (Dod); Olds,
British Columbia (Fletcher).
Two males and two females. Is an ally of divergens and has the pale
median vein; but the ordinary spots are not outlined in pale and are
_ different in shape, opening on the pallid costa. This is also a much
grayer species and the contrast are more sharply marked. It has a
little the appearance of furtivus, but the powdery markings and com-
plete median lines easily distinguish it.
Type.—Cat. No. 4786, U.S.N.M.
51. CARNEADES FACTORIS, new species.
Ground color fawn gray, more or less brown shaded. Collar with a
transverse black median band which is diffuse inferiorly, and tends to
darken the lower portion centrally. Thoracic vestiture mixed scales
and flattened hair, patagia fairly defined, tuftings obscure. Primaries
with all the markings somewhat broken, median space a little darker
red brown, costa a little more shaded with gray, cell yet darker or
blackish before and between the ordinary spots. Basal line geminate,
marked by black spots on the costa and by the paler included shade
NO.1203. ” NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. ABT
which cuts the black or brown basal shade. This black or brown shade
extends below the median vein from base to transverse anterior line
_ and is diffuse inferiorly. Transverse anterior line geminate, outer por-
tion black, lost in the costal region; inner brown, not much contrasting,
included space gray; in course it makes an inward bend from costa to
median vein, then outcurved to vein 1, below which it has another,
longer, outcurve. Transverse posterior line geminate, outer lire even,
hardly darker, tending to become lost, the inner lunulate, black or
brown, included space a little brighter red, as a whole quite evenly »
outcurved over the cell and a little drawn in below. Subterminal line
narrow, yellowish, more or less broken, only a little irregular in course,
defined by the paler apical space and marked by small, irregular and
somewhat diffuse brown spots. Terminal line very narrow, brown,
followed by a yellow line at the base of the fringes. Claviform rather
short and broad, black ringed, usually a little incomplete, tending to
become brown filled. Median vein gray marked. Orbicular irregular,
oblong, oblique, open superiorly, but not merged into the costal shade;
narrowly annulate in pale gray, as a whole lighter than ground. Ren-
iform moderate, rather narrow, irregularly kidney-shaped, scarcely
extending below the cell, defined by black scales within which is an
imperfect ring of pale scales; evenly filled with lighter gray. Second-
aries an even, smoky yellowish, veins and discal lunule darker, fringes
pale, with a yellow line at base. Beneath, ranging from whitish to
smoky gray, powdery, with or without discal spots and outer lines on _
all wings; no two specimens being alike.
Eixpanse, 33 to 40 mm. = 1.52 to 1.60 inches.
Habitat.—Glenwood Springs, Colorado, June, July, and August (Dr.
Barnes). p
Five females in fair condition only. The range of variation is chiefly
in size and in the amount of contrast between the ground color and the
dark shadings in the median space and cell.
The species is allied to divergens but is more even in color, with less
contrast on the median vein and pale rings surrounding the ordinary
spots, and with quite different transverse anterior line and orbicular.
Type.—Cat. No. 4795, U.S.N.M.
52. CARNEADES CAZESIUS, new species.
Ground color reddish brown, washed with blue gray. Head rich red-
brown, verging tocarmine. Collar blue gray, with a carmine transverse
line above the middle. Thorax very robust, mixed thin and flattened
hair, patagia well marked and brown, tuftings prominent, blue gray.
Primaries nrostly blue gray. The inferior half of basal space, the clavi-
form, and the filling of the ordinary spots is brown. The terminal
Space save apex and the subterminal shading are smoky. Basal line
indicated only below the cell, where it cuts the black shade which
extends to transverse anterior line, but is not prominent. Trans-
A58 PROCEEDINGS OF THK NATIONAL MUSEUM. “VOL. XXII.
verse anterior line marked as a gray line through the submedian
interspace only. ‘Transverse posterior line marked on the costa and
traceable over the cell by the contrasts between the brown and gray,
lost below that point. Subterminal line distinct, gray, marked by a
preceding smoky costal shade, and thereatter by the smoky terminal
space and a preceding, continuous, smoky shade. A narrow, lunulate,
black terminal line, followed by a yellow line at base of fringes. Clavi-
form very large and broad, reaching to the middle of the wing.
Orbicular round, of good size, broadly ringed with blue gray. Reniform
large, broad, kidney-shaped, broadly ringed with gray. The median
vein is prominently gray. Before the orbicular is a triangular black
spot, and the space between the ordinary spots is black. Secondaries
dirty yellowish at base, becoming smoky outwardly, veins and a discal
lunule smoky. Fringes yellow at base, smoky at middle, white at tips,
dise with a discal spot and a subterminal dusky line. Secondaries with
a dusky Junule and a dusky costal and outer border.
Expanse, 34 mm.= 1.36 inches.
Habitat.—Middle California (Dr. Barnes).
A single female of this bright little species. The body is unusually
robust and the wings are in consequence actually and proportionally
small or ‘‘stumpy.” It should be associated with redimicula, where it
will be easily separated froin the described species.
53. CARNEADES ACUTIFRONS, new species.
Ground color dark red brown, shaded with black and pale gray.
Head brown with a black transverse line, the frontal protuberance
being more acute than usual in the genus. Collar with a black central
line, below which it is very pale gray, tinted with yellowish, and above
which it may be reddish or of the ground color. Thoracic vestiture
with long flattened hair and scales intermixed, tuftings distinct and a
little reddish anteriorly, patagia defined, disk blackish, margin indi-
cated by reddish scales, Primaries well marked with strong contrasts;
costal region gray or whitish to the transverse posterior line, apex paler,
cell, except for the pale ordinary spots, black filled. Basal line gemi-
nate, black, narked on the costa and again in the submedian interspace
where the whitish included shade cuts the biack shade which extends
to the transverse anterior line. Transverse anterior line geminate,
black, broken, inner line not well marked, included space pale, out-
wardly oblique, and outcurved in theinterspaces. Transverse posterior
line geminate on the costa, inner line slender, black, a little lunulate,
tending to become lost, squarely exserted over the reniform, very oblique
and a little incurved below. Subterminal line slender, whitish out-
wardly, dentate on veins 3 and 4, preceded by a dusky shading, partly
broken into black dots or spots, and by a broader costal shading.
Terminal space save apex darker. A slender black terminal line, fol-
lowed by a pale line at the base of the fringes. Claviform prominent,
NO. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. A459
moderate or large, so broadly outlined in black that it is almost black
filled. Orbicular ovate, irregular, oblique, small, outlined in black
filled with whitish or gray scales which may be brown centered. Reni-
form large, kidney-shaped, extending well below the cell, more or less
discolored by white, gray, or yellow scales. As a whole the lower half
of the wing is the lighter and it may be quite contrastingly gray. The
subterminal space is on the whole a little lighter than either median or
terminal spaces. Secondaries pale, soiled yellowish at base, darker,
smoky, outwardly, veins and a narrow discal lunule also smoky.
Beneath smoky, powdery, with common discal spot and outer band.
Expanse, 33 mm.=1.32 inches.
Habitat.—California; Oregon.
One male and one female for which I have no more definitive locality
than above given. The specimens are old, but in good condition.
The species stands by ttself by the unusually narrow primaries and
very oblique outer margin. Though of almost average expanse it seems
like a very small species and indeed is the smallest of those with con-
trasting costa, discolored spots, and basal black markings.
Type.—Cat. No. 4794, U.S.N.M.
54- CARNEADES SELENIS, new species.
Ashen gray over a somewhat luteous base. Head and collar infe-
_ riorly with a luteous shade. Collar with a distinct black line at middle,
above which itis gray. Thoracic vestiture mixed scales and hair, tuft-
ings evident, patagia marked and with a narrow, black submargin.
Primaries with the median lines not relieved, barely traceable; terminal
space and a prominent shade preceding subterminal line smoky, black-
ish. Basal line geminate, barely traceable to the slender, black, basal
line which is with difficulty traceable to the transverse anterior line.
The latter is geminate, outwardly oblique and outeurved in the inter-
spaces. ‘Transverse posterior line evident on costa and through the
abrupt outward bend over the cell; below that point it is just trace-
able as being parallel with the outer margin. Subterminal line very
distinct, broad, yellowish, preceded by a blackish, smoky shade, which
tends to break up into triangular spots. <A series of small terminal
lunules, beyond which there is a narrow pale line at base of fringes; a
median dusky line, being narrowly cut with white. Median shade
vaguely diffuse below the reniform. Claviform long, slender, a little
paler, outlined in blackish scales which do not form a continuous line.
Cell smoky before and between the ordinary spots. Orbicular small,
oval, ringed with black scales, annulate with pale, center of the ground
color. Reniform small, kidney shaped. Center and interior portion
filled with blackish, elsewhere narrow black margined and with a yel-
lowish annulus. Secondaries white, with a rather broad, smoky margin.
Beneath whitish, powdery, primaries with a discal spot and the outer
margin somewhat dusky, secondaries powdery along the costa only.
A60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX.
Expanse, 31 mm. = 1.25 inches.
Habitat.—Los Angeles County, California (Coquillett).
A single female, from the collection in the U.S. National Museum.
It is an ally of stilens, but much smaller, with small ordinary spots and
very sharply marked subterminal line. It recalls atrifera in size and
habitus, but is quite distinct.
55. CARNEADES LAMINIS, new species.
Ground color dull fuscous, primaries washed with ashen gray. Head
brown. Collar with a rusty shade at base, reaching the insertion of
the wings, margined above with a broad, black central line. Thoracic
vestiture mostly flattened hairs, patagia and tuftings obvious. Pri-
maries gray along the costal region halfway across subterminal space,
the cell smoky, darker than any other part of the wing. A thread-like
black line extends from base to the transverse anterior line, shaded a
little with smoky. Basal line geminate, blackish, broken in the cell.
Transverse anterior line geminate, smoky, obscure, outwardly oblique,
outeurved in the interspaces, lost in the cell, and feebly marked below
internal vein. Transverse posterior line geminate on the costa, single
below the cell, fine, crenulate, sinuate, not relieved. Subterminal line
gray, irregular, dentate on veins 3 and 4, defined by the dark terminal
space except at apex, which is clear, and by a preceding shade which
fills the subterminal space on costa and is broken and more or less
punctiform below the middle of the cell. A series of small black ter-
minal lunules, followed by a yellow line at base of fringes. No median
line. Olaviform barely indicated. Orbicular small, irregular, oblique,
gray, centered with smoky, partly outlined by black seales. Reniform
moderate, kidney-shaped, gray, powdered with smoky, inwardly
defined by black scales, outwardly by the dusky space beyond it;
above and below not defined. Secondaries dirty yellowish white, with
a smoky outer border; veins and a narrow discal lunule, smoky.
Fringes yellow at base, with a brown central line, white at tip.
Expanse, 3£ mm. = 1.36 inches.
Habitat.—Middle California (Dr. Barnes).
A single male in good condition. The species resembles a small
tesselloides, but is not nearly so well defined and has a dull smoky
brown tinge not found in the older species. The ordinary spots are
also different and the collar in tesselloides is bright ashen gray infe-
riorly, notrusty. Altogether this is a darker species and more sordid.
56. ANYTUS ATRISTRIGATUS, new species.
Ground color gray with a variable smoky tinge. Head with smoky
frontal and interantennal lines. Collar black tipped. A blackish
band from the eyes to the base of the primaries. Patagia margined
with blackish. Primaries with all the markings defined, a peculiar
and prominent feature being a black streak, which extends from base
NO. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. AG61
to the outer margin through the submedian interspace, the line set in
a blackish shading, which extends on each side and is diffuse at the
edges. Basal line blackish, geminate, toothed on the veins. Trans-
verse anterior line geminate, black, the two parts equally distinct,
widely separated on costa, gradually becoming approximate toward
inner margin. In course it is irregular, the long inner tooth on sub-
median vein being best marked. Transverse posterior line unusually
near outer margin, leaving a very wide median space, geminate, outer
line best defined, narrow, black, inner smoky, included space white,
irregularly angulate and dentate, squarely exserted over the reniform,
drawn in below, a prominent outward tooth in the submedian inter-
space. Subterminal line whitish, irregular, incomplete. A series of
black terminal spots, forming the tips of sagittate blackish marks
which cut the fringes. A blackish irregular bar fills the subterminal
Space opposite the cell. Median shade black on the costa, oblique
through the reniform, becoming smoky, then irregular and close to the
transverse posterior line. No obvious claviform. Orbicular round or
oval, then annulate with whitish, center concolorous. Reniform large,
broad, irregularly kidney-shaped, larger superiorly, ringed with black,
filed with smoky or blackish. Secondaries almost white, with a
smoky, punctiform, exterior line and a series of smoky terminal lunules.
Beneath white, powdery, both wings with a more or less complete,
. Sinuate, outer line and good-sized discal spot.
Eixpanse, 37 to 41 mm. =1.48 to 1.64 inches.
Habitat.—Texas.
Two males and one female, the latter greasy and a little defective.
The species is altogether different from the other described species,
‘and the black-shaded streak through the submedian interspace of
primaries will distinguish it at a glance.
_ Lype.—Cat. No. 4812, U.S.N.M.
57. MAMESTRA SENATORIA, new species.
Ground color very deep purplish brown, overlaid and powdered with
black scales, orbicular, reniform and terminal space more or less yel-
lowish, contrasting. Head and thorax without obvious maculation.
Primaries with the lines lost in the black powdering, marked on the
costa by geminate black spots inclosing a yellowish mark, and by yel-
lowish scales which represent the space included between the geminate
lines. Basal line thus marked for its full course. Transverse anterior
line apparently upright or nearly so. Transverse posterior line lunu-
late, apparently of the usual form, fairly evident over the cell. A
vague, curved, diffuse, median shade. Subterminal line dull yellow,
distinct, continuous, a little irregular, preceded by black blotches in
the interspaces; that opposite hind angle being largest and most
obvious. Terminal space mottled with yellow scales. Fringes long,
feebly scalloped, cut and festooned with dull yellow and with a blackish
A462 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XXI,
interline. Claviform small, concolorous, black ringed. Orbicular rather
small, round or nearly so, black ringed, more or less yellow powdered. _
Reniform narrow, upright, a little constricted centrally, outlined in
black, more or less completely yellow filled and contrasting. Second-
aries smoky or blackish brown, paler, more yellowish at base, darkest
in the female, fringes yellowish, with a brown interline.
Expanse, 31 to 33 mm. = 1.24 to 1.32 inches.
Habitat.—Senator, Arizona, April 24 (female), July 16 (male) (Dr.
Barnes).
One pair in only fair condition, the male the larger and best marked,
the female so dark and powdery that the contrasts in the male are the
more striking. The antennz in the male have the joints well marked
and laterally tufted. The species thus belongs in division A,! of the
genus, and its broad primaries ally it to detracta; but the apices in the
new form are well marked, the outer margin is more oblique, and the
wing as a whole is more triangular, resembling rather obscwra and
quadrata.
The under side is smoky, powdery, with a continuous, black, extra-
median line, fringes yellowish, a yellowish discal lunule on primaries
and a blaclish spot on secondaries.
58. MAMESTRA RAINIERII, new species.
Re
Ground color ash gray with a smoky tinge, head and collar concolor- —
ous. Thorax with black tipped scales darkening the disc, patagia
with a black submargin. Primaries with all the maculation broken;
the upper portion of basal space and the large ordinary spots are
whitish gray, and contrast enough to form the most prominent orna-
mental features. Basal line black, geminate, upright. Transverse
anterior line geminate, outer part black, inner smoky, included space
whitish gray, broken, outwardly oblique, with small outcurves in the
interspaces. Subterminal line geminate, the defining lines obscure,
the included whitish space only being traceable across the wing,
abruptly bent over the cell and a little incurved below; median space
as a whole a little the darkest portion of the wing. Subterminal line
made up of white scales, emphasized by a series of black spots in the
interspaces, in course only a little irregular. A dusky median shade
is marked on the costa. Claviform large, black ringed, powdered with
white. Orbicular large, oval, incompletely black ringed, white
powdered. Reniform very large, broad, kidney-shaped, outlined in
black, white powdered. Secondaries uniformly dull smoky, very
powdery. Beneath, uniformly smoky, roughly powdered, secondaries
with a prominent black discal spot.
Expanse, 35 mm.=1.40 inches.
Habitat.—Mount Rainier, Washington (C. V. Piper).
1 Proc, U.S. Nat, Mus., XIV, 1891, p. 201,
NO, 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 463
This species, represented by a single, somewhat rubbed male, offers a
number of characters that make its removal from Mamestra probable
when better examples of both sexes are available. <As it stands now
it belongs next to gnata, because the antenna has the joints distinct
and laterally with small tufts. The head is retracted though broad,
front very flat, palpi small. Thorax quadrate, vestiture loose, diverg-
ent. Collar and patagie well marked, but dorsal tuftings obscure.
Primaries abruptly widened at transverse anterior line, thence nearly
parallel to the rounded hind angle, outer margin very oblique, making
a long drawn out though rounded apex. The fringes are wanting in
the specimen. This wing form is not paralleled elsewhere in the genus;
but I have been unable to find any better place for it and prefer not to
make a generic type of a defective specimen.
59. MAMESTRA BOLTERI, new species.
Ground color a dull, reddish luteous, shaded with smoky. Head yel-
low, with a smoky interantennal shade. Collar yellow at tip. Tho-
racic tuftings yellow tipped, disk of patagia smoky. Primaries with-
out contrasts, the median lines diffuse, smoky and broken, the sub-
terminal line pale and forming the most obvious feature in the macula-
tion. Basal line smoky, marked chiefly by the ineluded space, which
is of the ground color and breaks the dusky shading in the upper half
of the basal space. Transverse anterior line smoky, geminate, broken,
diffuse, a little oblique outwardly and irregular in the interspaces.
Transverse posterior line geminate, smoky, diffuse, broken, included
space of the ground color, rather abruptly bent below the subcostal
over cell and incurved below that point. Subterminal line pale, dis-
tinct, relieved and made prominent by continuous dusky shadings on
each side, only a little irregular in course. A series of small, black,
terminal lunules. Fringes long, yellowish at base, with a diffuse, dusky
interline, reddish at tip. Median shade diffuse, darkening the space
between the ordinary spots, then rather close to and parallel with the
transverse posterior line. Claviform very small, vaguely outlined,
relieved by a few yellow scales. Orbicular small, round, a little paler
than ground color, and so defined by the contrast with the surround-
ing shade. Reniform moderate, upright, only a little constricted, outer
and upper portion a little yellowish, inner and lower portion smoky.
Secondaries uniformly smoky, with a yellowish, somewhat glistening
shade, fringes long, yellow at base, more whitish at tip, with an inter-
mediate smoky line. Beneath, primaries smoky, a little paler along
costa, where an extra-median line is indicated, and on the fringes.
Secondaries more reddish, powdery, with a small discal lunule and a
somewhat diffuse, extra median line.
Expanse, 37 mm. = 1.48 inches.
Habitat.—Las Vegas, New Mexico (A. Bolter).
A single female, in excellent condition as to wings, but thorax com-
464 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.xx,
pressed and vestiture disarranged. This species is unlike any of the
species heretofore described and is without close allies. It belongs to
the vindemialis series on superficial characters, but has a closer resem-
blance to Agrotid forms like Noctua pyrophiloides, the normal mark-
ings of the messoria group of Carneades being combined with the dif-
fuse shadings of the first-mentioned form.
60. MAMESTRA YAKIMA, new species.
Ground color ashen gray, powdery. Head darker, with a more or
less obvious dusky interantennal line. Collar with a series of darker
scales forming a vague median line. Patagia with a blackish submar-
gin. Primaries with all the markings obscured, tending to but not
really strigate, paler rays on veins 3, 4, 6, and 7 cutting into the darker
terminal space. Claviform vaguely marked and extending to the mid-
dle of the wing. Orbicular round or oval, small or moderate, concolor-
ous, marked by a slightly paler ring. Reniform large, broad, kidney-
shaped, but larger inferiorly and there filled with leaden gray which
makes it fairly obvious. A series of small black terminal lunules.
Secondaries white, with a blackish outer border, which shades into the
white well before the middle, veins blackish, fringes white. Beneath
white, a little powdery toward the margins, primaries with a dusky
discal lunule.
Expanse, 30 to 36 mm. —1.20 to 1.44 inches.
Habitat.—Yakima, Washington (C. V. Piper).
One male and two females, in only fair condition. On very close
examination the maculation seems to be of the trifolit type, though so
nearly obsolete that this is difficult to recognize; at all events the den-
tations of the subterminal line refer it to that series. The male antennz
are ciliate and the species is peculiar in having a little pointed frontal
protuberance, so small as to be easily overlooked, yet actually existent.
This, so far as I am aware, is unique in the genus.
Type.—Cat. No. 4836, U.S.N.M.
61. MAMESTRA DILATATA, new species.
Ground cclor white, overlaid by smoky, luteous, olivaceous, and black
scales, so as to leave the white base visible only in the lines, ordinary
spots, and basal space of primaries. Head yellow, with a gray interan-
tennal tuft. Collar white, tipped with smoky, with a broad, black
median line. Patagia white, margined with black, the disk mottled
with white, black, and olivaceous scales. Primaries with basal space
superiorly white, inferiorly gray. Basal line geminate, black, marked
on the costa, the inner portion normal, the outer dislocated and form-
ing an oblique blackish mark in the submedian interspace, separating
the white and the gray shading. Transverse anterior line geminate,
black, included space white, oblique to the submedian interspace,
inwardly angulate on vein 1,outcurved below. Transverse posterior
“NO, 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 465
line geminate, black, narrowly lunulate, included space white, its course
irregular, outward bend over cell large, so that the line is well removed
outwardly and the median space is wide. Subterminal line white,
broken, irregular, marked by preceding black spots and following
_ Shades, obscured by the white mottling in the subterminal space
and the gray apical region. Median shade indicated on the costa, lost
in the dark space below until it reappears in the gray shade which
extends along the entire inner margin. Fringes whitish, with a series
of black lunules at base, and a series of olivaceous lunules at tip.
Claviform small, black margined, white centered. Orbicular small,
round, black ringed, white centered. Reniform moderate, upright,
dilated superiorly, a little constricted in the center, lower half much
narrower, black margined, white filled, with a central olivaceous shade.
Secondaries smoky brown, a little paler at base, fringes white, a smoky
interline extending from the apex half way to the anal angle. Beneath
smoky, primaries powdery along the costa, fringes white, marked as on
the upper side: secondaries whitish basally, a broad extra median
shade line limiting the smoky outer margin; costa powdery, a discal
spot smoky.
Expanse, 30 mm. = 1.20 inches.
Habitat.—New Mexico.
One female from the collection of the United States National Museum. -
This is one of the mottled species not easily describable, resembling
variolata in general appearance and referable to the adjuncta group.
It differs in the much darker shadings, in the form and course of the
lines, and, most obviously, in the form of the reniform. In fact, on close
comparison the resemblances to other species turn out to be casual
only.
Type.—Cat. No. 4827, U.S.N.M.
62. MAMESTRA FLORIDA, new species.
Ground color white, powdered with dull luteous and black scales,
which gives a very pale gray cast. Head and thorax without mark-
ings. Primaries with the maculation rather well written, the large
blackish reniform being the most prominent feature, a black costal sub-
terminal blotch, a smaller blotch on the subterminal line opposite the
cell, and the dark claviform being the other distinctive features. Basal
line geminate, black, included space white, distinct, broken on the
median space. Transverse anterior line geminate, black, outwardly
angulated in the submedian interspace, and outcurved below vein 1.
_ Transverse posterior line geminate, outer portion even, smoky, inner
narrow, linear, denticulate, black, as a whole nearly parallel with the
outer margin. Subterminal line white, marked by a preceding dusky
Shade, irregularly sinuate. A series of blackish terminal lunules.
Median shade oblique from costa to reniform, which is completely
darkened by it, then vague, diffuse, smoky, parallel with aud close to
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii——30
466 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 4
a
transverse posterior line. Claviform a small black loop at the angle of
the transverse anterior line. Orbicular very small, blackish ringed,
white centered, round. Reniform a large black blotch without definite
outline. Secondaries white; veins, a punctiform median line, a sub-
marginal indefined band and a narrow terminal line blackish. Beneath
white; primaries with a black discal blotch fading out gradually in
all directions, and a blackish venular line. Secondaries with a frag-
mentary dusky submarginal line.
Expanse, 32 mm.=1.28 inches.
Habitat.—Biscayne Bay, Florida (Mrs. Slosson).
A single male specimen, in good condition. The species is obviously |
related to chartaria, and has the same general type of maculation; but
it is much paler, smaller in size, and has white instead of smoky sec-
ondaries. There are a number of other minor differences in the macu-
lation, which put the distinctness of this species beyond reasonable
question. The genitalia have not been examined.
Type.—Cat. No. 4837, U.S.N.M.
63. MAMESTRA ROSEOSUFFUSA, new species.
Ground color dull whitish, mottled with smoky gray, which in turn
is washed with a rosy or pink tinge or shading. Head and collar
creamy, palpi brown at the sides. Thorax with a pink tinge over the
creamy ground. Abdomen smoky luteous. Primaries with the dark,
smoky overlay predominating to the outer portion of median space,
then evenly defined against the whitish ground that prevails to
the subterminal line, broken only by three dusky clouds in the sub-
terminal space. Terminal space dusky, except at apex. Basal line
geminate, outeurved in the interspaces, included space broad, whitish.
Transverse anterior line geminate, outwardly oblique, irregularly out-
curved in the interspaces, hardly defined, included space broad, whitish
mottled. Transverse posterior line narrow, brown, crenulate, single,
best marked on the veins. Subterminal line whitish marked by the
dusky terminal space, and by three dusky preceding clouds. A series
of terminal smoky dots on the veins, fringes with a series of triangular
pale spots at base, from which pale lines extend to the tip. Orbicular
small, round, very obscure, with a whitish annulus. Reniform not
defined, forming a little darker shading. Claviform vaguely marked.
A smoky median shade lies just within the dark area of the wing and
practically bounds it. Secondaries yellowish, smoky. Beneath very
pale, with a yellowish tinge. Primaries with a partial outer line and
a smoky subterminal line. Secondaries whitish, creamy and powdery
along the costa, with a small discal spot and half a row of extra median
spots.
Expanse, 28 mm. = 1.12 inches.
Habitat.—Arizona.
A single good male, which has been in my collection for some years,
No. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 467
It has the wing form of and belongs with renigera and its allies. The
peculiar rosy shading and the evenly marked contrast between the light
and dark shading in the outer portion of median space should distinguish
this species.
64. MAMESTRA GRISEATA, new species.
Ground color dark, powdery, ash-gray, without marked contrasts.
Head with a smoky interantennal tuft. Collar with a blackish median
line. Patagia blackish margined at base of wings. Primaries witha
smoky, upright shading through the median space, and a similar shade
in outer portion of subterminal and terminal space, leaving the apex
free. Basal line geminate, blackish, broken. A small, black, basal
streak terminates at the end of this line and the part of the basal space
so inclosed is white-powdered. Transverse anterior line well removed
from base, consisting only of a gray scale line without darker defining
portions ; in course slightly and evenly outeurved. Transverse pos-
terior line geminate, smoky, included space gray, somewhat acutely
outeurved over the cell and distinetly incurved below. Subterminal
line white, slender, irregular, somewhat broader and prominent oppo-
site the anal angle, relieved by the dark shading on both sides of it.
A narrow black lne at base of fringes which are gray, cut with
smoky. Claviform rather short and broad, pointed, black margined,
concolorous. Orbicular oval, oblique, moderate in size, outlined by
black seales, then annulate with whitish gray, the center concolorous.
Reniform outlined and ringed in the same way, rather small, upright,
a little drawn in from the outside, but scarcely kidney-shaped. Sec-
ondaries smoky, paler at base, fringes whitish. Beneath paler gray,
powdery; primaries with an outer band marked in the costal region
only; secondaries with extra median smoky band complete, and a dark
discal spot.
Expanse,-23 to 30 nm.=0.92 to 1.20 inches.
Habitat.—Hall Valley, Colorado (Dr. Barnes).
One male (the larger) and one female, in fair condition. This species
has the antennal joints of the male very distinctly produced, laterally,
and furnished with bristle tufts so as to be entitled to the term brush-
like. It is therefore allied to gnata and should come near to it in the
arrangement. In wing-form it is like vicina.
The most remarkable thing in the specimens before me is the dispro-
portionately small size of the female, which is perhaps not the rule.
The ovipositor, it may be noted, is exserted in the specimen under exami-
nation. It may be that, with further material at hand, Ulolonche will
prove a better genus for the species; but it may require an examina-
tion of the male genitalia to determine the matter finally.
65. HADENA TAPETA, new species.
Head and collar deep, dark, red brown, the collar tipped with yellow.
Patagia red brown with a submarginal line of yellow scales. Thoracic
468 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXiL.
disk and posterior tuftings luteous yellow. Primaries with a luteous
base, overlaid with bright red brown. Basal line single, angulate, black.
Transverse anterior line nearly upright, single, black, with a triangular
spot on costa and inner margin, else narrow, irregular. Basal space
mottled, yellow and brown. ‘Transverse posterior line black, broken,
followed by a yellow shade line, outcurved over the reniform. Median
space mainly brown, lighter below the submedian, with a smoky blotch
on the inner margin. Subterminal line yellow, narrow, with irregular
outeurves and inward teeth. Subterminal space brown, the yellow
more obvious toward inner margin along transverse posterior line.
Terminal space brown, some of the veins marked with yellow. A series
of small, black, terminal lunules, beyond which is a series of yellow
spots at the base of the fringes. Ciaviform not traceable in the
specimen. Orbicular small, white, punctiform. Reniform creamy, with
a brown central line, moderate in size, lunate in form. Secondaries
whitish at base, darkening to smoky outwardly, the veins smoky,
fringe more yellowish. Beneath whitish, reddish powdered along the
costal region. Extra median dusky line and discal dots on both wings,
and on primaries the terminal space is paler. f
Expanse, 25 mm.=1 inch.
Habitat.—Cocoanut Grove, Florida (KE. A. Schwarz).
A single good male from the U. 8S. National Museum. This is a
small, narrow, and blunt winged form like egens Walker, or more
like the small species of Mamestra. The bright, deep rusty brown,
which is the predominating shade, is altogether different from any
other described species known to me. The tarsi are brown, narrowly
ringed with yellow.
Type.—Cat. No. 4822, U.S.N.M.
66. HADENA LUTEOCINEREA, new species
Color a mottling of luteous and cinereous. Front and collar whitish,
patagia with black submargin, thoracic disk luteous, posterior tufts
gray; abdominal tufts blackish, abdomen pale luteous. Primaries
shaded with white along the costal vein and a little powdered in the
costal region. Basal line barely indicated on the costa. Transverse
anterior line marked by an oblique smoky shade on the costa, and
beyond that only by the difference between the yellowish base and
smoky median space; its course a rather small, even outeurve. Trans-
verse posterior line geminate on the costa, then outcurved over the cell
and deeply incurved below, greatly narrowing the median space in the
submedian interspace; defined only by the contrast between smoky
median and yellowish subterminal space. Subterminal line yellow,
irregularly angulate and sinuate, defined by the dark terminal space
and a preceding gray shade which fills the subterminal space at costa
and in the middle, leaving two yellowish blotches. A series of small,
black terminal lunules. A small black line or streak at base. Orbic-
NO. 1208. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 469
ular oblique, white. Reniform upright, kidney-shaped, moderate in
size, marked by black scales, inwardly annulate with white. Clavi-
form broad, pointed at the tip, extending across the median space,
black lined, concolorous. Secondaries whitish, with a narrow smoky
margin and a discal lunule. Beneath whitish, powdery, primaries
smoky along costal region, secondaries with a discal lunule.
Expanse, 33 mm.=1.32 inches.
Habitat.—Montana.
A single male in fair condition. The species is related to characta
in wing form and general pattern of maculation, but differs in the yel-
low shadings and generally paler colorings.
67. HADENA MUSTELINA, new species.
Ground color bluish gray, with brown shadings. Head and collar
chocolate brown, patagia edged with brown scales posteriorly. Abdom-
inal vestiture defective. Primaries with the ornamentation obvious
along the costal region only. Basal line geminate, inner line deep
brown, outer faint. Transverse anterior line geminate, inner line faint,
brown, outer black on the costa, then dislocated, broken, and marked
only by a few black scales across the wing; as a whole the line is a lit-
tle outeurved, and outwardly oblique. Transverse posterior line gemi-
nate, marked by black spots on the costa, then brownish, obscurely
lunulate, widely outcurved and, as a whole, nearly parallel with the
outer margin. Subterminal line pale, irregular, preceded by scattered
black scales and by a brown costal shade. Terminal space, except
apex, a little darker. A brown, crenulated, terminal line. Ordinary
spots proportionately very large, concolorous. Orbicular oblique, oval,
open above, preceded by a black patch on the median vein, which
seems continuous with the black inception of the transverse anterior
line. Reniform kidney-shaped, defined by slightly darker scales,
except that the narrow space between it and the orbicular is blackish
brown. Claviform marked through the basal space by a whitish shade,
margined above by black scales, and beyond the transverse anterior
line by a margin of black, inferiorly edged by white scales, outline not
complete inferiorly; in form it is short and broad. Secondaries smoky,
even, fringes white, based by a darker line. Beneath, primaries smoky,
with a scarlet tinge along costa and toward apex, an incomplete outer
line and a discal lunule. Secondaries whitish, with a vinous red shade
along costa and a blackish discal spot.
Expanse, 29 mm.=1.16 inches.
Habitat.—Santa Cruz Mountains, California.
One male, evidently bred, numbered, in red, No.536, by Mr. A. Koebele.
The specimen is evidently a little crippled, but the maculation is per-
fect and only the vestiture ot the abdomen is defective. I cannot say,
therefore, just how it is tufted. In a general way the species is allied
to the modica series, but not closely to anyone in particular.
A470 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. SXIl.
Type.—Cat. No. 4828, U.S.N.M.
[Larva.—Head rounded, scarcely bilobed, clypeus broadly triangular,
moderate, paraclypeal pieces narrowly nearly attaining the vertex;
brown, reticulate mottled, clypeus whitish, edged below with brown
and with three brown specks in its lower part, the central one lowest;
tubercles brown, ocelli black, mouth rather pale; width, 3mm. Body
cylindrical, normal, feet equal, tubercle iv of joints 9 and 10 above the
center of the spiracle; shields obsolete. NKeddish brown, darker
dotted, a very broad, sharply-edged, white substigmatal band reaching
joint 2 and extending narrowly on anal foot; a narrow greenish white
dorsal line on joints 3 to 12. Spiracles small, black rimmed. Feet
pale.—Harrison G. Dyar. |
68. HADENA JOCASTA, new species.
Ground color, dull fuscous gray. Head and thorax not maculate,
patagia obscurely submargined with black. Vrimaries with the mark-
ings well written, median lines connected by a prominent black bar
through the submedian interspace; a white shade filling the subter-
minal space beyond it tothe anal angle. Basal line geminate, blackish,
marked on costa only. A short black basal streak, reaching less than
half way across the basal space. Transverse anterior line geminate,
outer portion of line black, inner obscure, intervening space a little
whitish powdered, as a whole a little outeurved. Transverse posterior
line single, slender, blackish, crenulate and outcurved over the cell,
even and incurved below. Subterminal line paler, a little sinuate, pre-
ceded by a darker shade; the terminal space also a little darker except
at apex. A series of blackish terminal lunules, beyond which the
fringes are cut with black. A median shade line is indicated between
the ordinary spots and below the transverse bar. Claviform forms part
of the bar connecting the median lines. Orbicular large, oblique, oval
paler than ground, partly outlined by black scales. NReniform large,
concolorous, kidney-shaped, the inner edge black margined, outer not
defined. Secondaries even, smoky. Beneath smoky, with a vague
outer line on all wings.
Expanse, 30 mm.=1.20 inches.
Habitat.—South Dakota; Chicago, Llinois.
One female in fair condition is before me from South Dakota, and
Dr. Strecker has a duplicate from Chicago, Illinois. The species is
allied to diversicolor in wing form and general habitus.
69. HADENA TELA, new species.
Ground color fuscous brown, overlaid by smoky. Patagia with a
darker margin, else head and thorax concolorous. Primaries with the -
markings fairly evident, not contrasting. Basal line obscurely marked
on the costa only. Transverse anterior line geminate, outer line black,
inner obscure, included space a little paler, outwardly bent in the
interspaces, oblique. Transverse posterior line geminate, widely out-
noes abe
NO. 1203. NEW NOCTULD MOTHS—SMITH. A771
curved over the cell, almost evenly oblique below, inner line black,
slender; outer line brown, indefinite, included space a little paler.
Subterminal line pale, broken, a little irregular, preceded by black or
brown marks in the interspaces. A series of small, black, terminal
lunules. Orbicular round or oval, center concolorous, annulate with
paler, narrowly outlined by black scales. Reniform upright, broad,
almost oval, the sides a little flattened, large, incompletely outlined
and with a paler annulus relieving the concolorous center. Claviform
concolorous, outlined in black, extending halfway across median
space, a black line from lower margin continuing to the transverse
posterior line. There is a black streak along the inner margin near
the base, and a black line from the lower part of reniform to the sub-
terminal line. The tendency is to a darkening of the interspaces in
terminal and subterminal spaces, taking the form of brown or blackish
lines or spots. Secondaries whitish, with a narrow smoky margin in
the male; smoky, paler at base, in the female. Beneath, varying from
whitish to smoky, more or less powdery, with an incomplete outer line
and a discal spot on all wings.
Expanse, 26 to 30 mm.=1.04 to 1.20 inches.
Habitat.—Rio Verde. Mountains, Phoenix, Arizona, August and
September (Dr. Barnes).
Two males and two females; none of them first class. The species
is not really referable to Hadena, having an untufted abdomen; but it
resembles the mactata series in markings and the lewcoscelis series in
wing form, hence I place it here tentatively.
Type.—Cat. No. 4823, U.S.N.M.
70. POLIA EXTINCTA, new species.
Bluish gray over smoky, appearing powdery. Head and thorax
irrorate, patagia with a submarginal blackish line. Primaries with
the markings fairly evident, not greatly contrasting. Basal line
blackish, broken, single. Tranverse anterior line well removed from
base, outwardly oblique, moderately outcurved in the interspaces,
single, blackish, preceded by whitish gray scales. Transverse posterior
line single, blackish evenly outcurved over the cell, thence parallel
with the outer margin, denticulate, followed by a narrow pale shading.
A series of sagittate blackish marks, in two series of three each, indi.
cates. the subterminal line and reduces the subterminal space to -a
narrow gray band except on costa. A short, thick, black bar crosses
this narrow subterminal space, just below vein 2. There is a series
of small, biack, terminal lunules. Median shade smoky, obscure, oblique
from costa to middle of reniform, bent at the lower margin of this spot,
thence close to and parallel with transverse posterior line. Claviform
- concolorous, black margined, of moderate size, extending halfway
across median space, pointed at tip. Orbicular oval, black ringed,
concolorous. eniform large, broad, kidney-shaped, inner margin
472 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
black, outer defined by pale scales. Secondaries smoky, powdery,
with white fringes, a large discal lunule, an extra median line, and a
series of terminal lunules, darker. Beneath, powdery, primaries smoky,
with an extra median line; secondaries gray, with an extra median line
and discal spot.
Expanse, 47 mm.=1.85 inches.
Habitat.—Twin Mountain, New Hampshire, August 3 (Edward W.
Cross). :
One female in good condition. The species belongs to the series
with aedon and pulverulenta, differing from each in the ground color
and details of maculation. I am quite certain that I have seen this
species in collections with a name to which it is not entitled. The
species of this genus do not seem to be common and of some of them
I have seen only the types.
71. POLIA ACERA, new species.
Ground color an even purplish gray with a reddish shading through
the median space of primaries. Head with a brown frontal line. Col-
lar more whitish inferiorly to a sharply defined black, transverse line.
Patagia well marked, with a vague submarginal darker shading.
Primaries with a sharply defined, slender, black streak from base
through the submedian interspace, nearly to the transverse anterior
line. Another less distinct black streak along inner margin, reaching
somewhat nearer to the center of the wing. Basal line not traceable
in the specimens before me. Transverse anterior line obsolete or very
feebly traceable; geminate, with long outcurves in the submedian
interspace and below the submedian vein. ‘Transverse posterior line
almost obsolete or imperfectly marked, geminate over the cell, then
the inner line narrow, black, dentate on the veins. Subterminal line
wanting or indicated by brown interspaceal streaks which are best
marked opposite the cell and above the anal angle. Fringes reddish
gray. The veins are marked with black scales. There is a brown,
median shade line which is incomplete, marked between the ordinary
spots and from the tip of the claviform to the inner margin. Clavi-
form black ringed, concolorous, extends halfway across the median
space, a slender black or brown streak connecting it with the trans-
verse posterior line. Orbicular oblong, oblique, nearly or quite reach-
ing the reniform, and probably in soine instances confluent with it; a
little paler than ground, incompletely outlined by black and brown
scales. Reniform large, upright, kidney-shaped, somewhat irregular,
open above and tending to enlarge, else narrowly outlined by brown
seales, a little yellowish centrally. Secondaries smoky yellowish, paler
at base, fringes whitish. Beneath, whitish or smoky, a little powdery,
without obvious lines or spots.
Expanse, 42 (male) to 52 (female) mm.=1.68 to 2.08 inches.
Hebitat.—Pullman, Washington (C. V. Piper); Seattle, Washington.
No. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. AG3
One pair only, the male in good condition save that itlacks anten-
ne; the female, which is much older, somewhat defective. The species
has the wing form of theodori, but differs utterly in maculation from
all others of the genus.
Type.—Cat. No. 4826, U.S.N.M
72. POLIA DISPAR, new species.
Ground color very pale luteous gray, almost white. Collar with a
faint, smoky line below the tip. Patagia with a submarginal, diftuse,
black line. Primaries with smoky powderings which obscure the ordi-
nary maculation. Basal line vaguely indicated by smoky marks on
the costa. Transverse anterior line hardly more obvious, but by patch-
ing together the scattered black scales, it is seen that the line is strongly
angulate in the interspaces, the tooth below the submedian vein almost
meeting one from the transverse posterior line. The tooth in the cell
takes the form of a black, angulate mark before the orbicular. A
short, slender, blackish streak from base to basal line in the cell and a
similar, more obscure streak along the inner margin into the tooth of
the transverse anterior line. Transverse posterior line somewhat better
marked but obscure, incomplete, with long, irregular outward teeth on
the veins, and long inward dentations in the interspaces; that in the
submedian being best marked. Median shade smoky, somewhat dif-
fuse, oblique from costa between the ordinary spots, then inwardly
bent from the lower angle of reniform. It is a little the best marked
feature of the wing. Subterminal line concolorous, marked by a series
of preceding, sagittate, smoky marks. A series of distinct, black,
interspaceal, terminal lunules, beyond which the fringes are cut with
smoky. Fringes a little dentate. Orbicular small, round, concolorous,
incompletely and very narrowly outlined by black scales. Reniform
large, upright, a little kidney-shaped, obscurely annulate with yel-
lowish, a little darkened by the median shade inferiorly. Secondaries
in the male white, immaculate; in the female with smoky veins, a smoky
terminal line and smoky powderings toward anal angle where an
extra median dusky line is well indicated. Beneath white or nearly
so with small discal spots, much less obvious in the male.
Expanse, 42 (male) to 45 (female) mm. = 1.68 to 1.80 inches.
Habitat.—Glenwood Springs, Colorado, October 1-10 (Dr. Barnes).
One pair, both fairly good examples. The male has the antenne ser-
rated and bristle tufted. The primaries are a little broader and more
pointed than usual in the genus, and the species is much more obscurely
marked. Yet, so far as the maculation is traceable, its dentate char-
acter fits well into the series in which I have placed it. The very light
color separates it from all save ochracea, and from that species, the
white secondaries of the male and the totally different ordinary spots
will distinguish it.
474 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
73. POLIA OCHRACEA, new species.
Ground color a dirty pale gray, with smoky powderings and yel-
low ocherous shadings. Collar, thoracic disk, and patagia with ocher-
ous shading. Primaries with the ordinary lines all present, smoky,
not prominent. Basal line geminate, smoky, broken, the included
space broad and whitish on costa. Costal region and cell shaded
with blackish before the transverse anterior line, which is unusually
well removed from base. Transverse anterior line single, out-
wardly oblique, smoky, outcurved below median and outwardly toothed
below submedian vein. Transverse posterior line single, smoky,
irregularly dentate or zigzag, well outcurved over the reniform and
well bent inward below, so that the median space is much narrowed.
The two lines are connected by a smoky bar in the submedian inter-
space. Median shade smoky, diffuse, obscure, broken, the median
space being so much powdered that the shade line is only locally defin-
able. Subterminal line composed of ocher yellow, somewhat lunate
marks preceded by smoky shadings. A narrow, blackish, interrupted
terminal line. Fringes a little dentate. Orbicular large, broad, sides
outlined in ocher yellow, open above and below. Reniform very large,
broad, a little constricted centrally, more so from the outside, sides
marked with ocher yellow scales, above and below indefined. Ocher
yellow scales are scattered over the wing, but are more obvious in the
basal and subterminal spaces. Secondaries whitish, with a smoky
tinge, with a blackish extra-median line, a smoky, diffuse, subterminal
shading, a blackish, lJunulate terminal line and a smoky discal lunule.
Beneath with a yellowish tinge; primaries smoky on disk, both with
an extra-median dusky band and a dusky lunule.
Expanse, 43 nm. = 1.72 inches.
Habitat.—lowa.
A single, rather defective male, received years ago from Henry
Edwards. The antenne are serrated aud bristle tufted. The species
should be recognizable from its ocherous mottlings, which are different
from any congeneric form, The wings are rather broad and pointed,
as in dispar, which this species most resembles.
74. PERIGEA LUCETTA, new species.
Ground color glistening fawn brown, with a tendency to yellow
shadings. Head yellow in front, with a narrow black line, a velvety
brown interantennal line and a velvety brown neck. Palpi yellow in
front, brown at the sides. Collar with a yellowish shade toward base,
above margined by a black transverse line. Patagia marked, with a
yellowish shade at costal base of primaries. Primaries with the ordi-
nary lines obscure. Basal line marked by scattered yellow and black
scales. Transverse anterior line with difficulty traceable, partly gem-
inate, a little outeurved. Transverse posterior line a series of inter-
spaceal blackish lunules; abruptly bent on the costa, else nearly parallel
NO. 1203. / NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. AG5
with the outer margin. It is followed by a broad, vague yellowish
shading, merging gradually into the ground. Subterminal line unusu-
ally close to outer margin, irregular, consisting of silver gray scales
placed in groups. A seriesof black interspaceal terminal spots, edged
with gray scales and fringes cut with gray. Claviform indicated by
smoky scales, very small. Orbicular small, broadly oblong, upright,
edged by whitish or gray scales. Reniform moderate, outlined by a
narrow gray line, with a figure-8 shape, a little paler centrally, almost
whitish below. Space between the ordinary spots more blackish and a
similar shade obtains beyond the reniform. Secondaries smoky, darker
outwardly, glistening, the fringes whitish. Beneath, primaries smoky,
reddish powdery along costa, whitish along internal margin, terminal
space gray. An extra-median smoky line. Secondaries gray, reddish
powdery along the costal region. An extra median brown line, which
does not reach the inner margin. ‘Terminal space narrowly gray, mar-
gined by a brown band, which almost fills the space to the extra median
line on the costa, but narrows toward and barely reaches the internal
angle.
Expanse, 41 mm.=1.64 inches.
Habitat.—Colorado (Barnes).
A single, good male. This is a large form and quite different in
appearance from our other species. It has somewhat the shading of
fabrefacta, but is very differently marked.
75. PERIGEA CERVINA, new species.
Ground color a somewhat glistening, soft fawn brown with scattered
black powderings, some of the scales tipped with white. Head and
thorax without obvious markings. Primaries without contrasts, all
lines obscured. Transverse anterior line marked by obscure blackish
shadings, which indicate that it is upright, outwardly angulated in the
interspaces. Transverse posterior line marked by a series of small,
obscure, blackish venular dots, outcurved over the cell. Subterminal
line composed of a series of irregular, interspaceal, blackish marks. A
series of rather obvious white dots terminates the veins, and a very
obscure series of dusky spots marks the interspaces. Orbicular irreg-
ular, oval, concolorous, obscurely and incompletely outlined by blackish
scales. Reniform large, broad, incompletely outlined by black scales,
among which a few white ones are interspersed: concolorous except for
an oblique whitish streak through the lower half. Claviform a small
blackish spot below the orbicular in the submedian interspace. Sec-
ondaries evenly smoky, a trifle paler at base, fringes more whitish.
Beneath gray, powdery, reddish tinted outwardly and along the costal
mergin, a dusky outer line and a discal mark on all wings.
Expanse, 38 mm. = 1.52 inches.
Habitat. Florida;” Mrs. Slosson.
The species resembles vecors and albolabes in wing form and habitus,
476 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
and is somewhat like punctifera in color, but it is larger than the latter
and much more obscurely marked. It may be described from a more
southern locality, but I have failed to recognize it. {f have only one
good female example.
76. PERIGEA TEXANA, new species.
Ground color dirty fuscous brown, more or less black powdered.
Head and thorax without definite markings. Primaries with all the
normal maculation present; no prominent contrasts. Basal line single,
black, followed by a somewhat paler shading, outwardly angulate on
the median vein. Transverse anterior line black, single, generally bro-
ken, usually preceded by a paler shading, outwardly oblique, broadly
toothed. Transverse poster.or line single, black, slender, continuous,
followed by a paler shade, irregular in course, but almost upright and
only alittle bent over the cell. Subterminal line pale, broken, preceded
by a blackish shading which becomes developed into a large triangular
patch opposite the cell and forms the most prominent feature of the
wing. Terminal space usually a little darker, as is also the median
space, leaving the subterminal space the palest portion of the wimg.
A series of narrow, dusky terminal lunules, cut by whitish dots on the
veins. A narrow, dusky median shade extends from costa obliquely
to the lower margin of the reniform, then parallel with the transverse
posterior line to the margin; usually only the part below the reniform
is obvious, but in some examples it can be traced its full course. Orbic-
war variable in size and form, from triangular to round, always of the
lighter ground color, narrowly outiined in black. Reniform upright,
always of good size, somewhat variable, usually wide, a little con-
stricted centrally, lower portion larger than the upper, a few white
scales marking the lower angles. The space between these ordinary |
spots is often darker and sometimes partly black. Claviform a little
black loop at the end of an outward angulation of the transverse ante-
rior line. Secondaries smoky, with a yellowish tinge, much paler at the
base, fringes yellowish. Beneath pale, powdery, with a discal dot and
narrow extra median line black; all well marked in some examples but
almost completely absent in others.
Expanse, 27 to 30 mm. = 1.03 to 1.20 inches.
Habitat—Round Mountain (Schaupp); Shovel Mountain, Texas
(Barnes).
Kight males and one female, mostly in good condition, There is little
real variation, though no two examples are alike. The ordinary spots
differ in size and a little in shape; but the species remains obviously the
same. It belongs to the series with rather short wings and stout body,
like loculosa Grote, and really resembles a reduced Luperina rather
than normal Perigeda.
Type.—Cat, No. 4833, U.S.N.M.
NO. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. AT]
77. PERIGEA CONSORS, new species.
Ground color a dull luteo-fuscous, more or less black powdered.
Head and thorax immaculate. Primaries with cell before and between
the ordinary spots more or less completely black filled. Basal line
marked by black scales on the costa and vaguely traceable to the
median vein. Transverse anterior line marked on the costa and by
black scales which emphasize a difference in shade between basal and
median space. In course it is a little oblique, strongly angulate or
broadly toothed. Transverse posterior line narrow, blackish, irregular,
followed by a paler shading. Subterminal line pale, preceded by a
dusky shade which is broader opposite the cell. A broken dusky ter-
minal line, veins pale tipped. A vague, narrow, median shade,
marked on the costa and again below the reniform. Orbicular small
in the specimens, irregular, tending to open to the costa. Reniform
rather large, a little constricted centrally, larger below. Claviform
small, outlined by blackish scales. Secondaries whitish, with a yellow
tinge at base, with a broad smoky border and a sinall discal spot.
Beneath pale, powdery, with a broken outer line and discal spots.
-Expanse, 25 to 27 mm. = 1.00 to 1.08 inches.
Habitat.—Pheenix, Arizona (Dr. Barnes).
Two males and one female, all of them poor and at first sight resem-
bling small, rubbed examples of P. texana. Vhey are, however,
smaller throughout, and the black-filled cell is a conspicuous difference.
78. CARADRINA LEUCORENA, new species.
Ground color pale luteous, with a reddish tint. Head and thorax
immaculate. Primaries with the reniform white marked, a dusky
shading along median vein, sometimes to the base, giving a little the
appearance of a Leucania. Transverse anterior line irregular, gemi-
nate, broken, marked only by blackish scales, sometimes scarcely
traceable. Transverse posterior line geminate, smoky, with the usual
outcurve over the cell, thence rather evenly oblique, or only a little
incurved. Outer line composed of small venular dots. Inner line may
be continuous, slender, and crenulated, a series of interspaceal lunules,
or a series of venular marks. Sometimes the line is scarcely traceable
and it is never prominent. Subterminal line is an irregular, vague,
paler shading, which may or may not be edged by darker scales.
Fringes a little darker, sometimes obscurely cut with smoky, sometimes
based by a series of small, blackish, interspaceal lunules, sometimes
by white dots terminating the veins. Orbicular a round dot of the
darker powdering, surrounded by a.ring of the even ground color; but
it is always obscure and as often wanting. Reniform upright, narrow,
centrally constricted, very obscure, except that the outer edge is partly
white and the inferior portion is also white. Secondaries even, dull,
pale smoky, with a yellowish tinge, lighter basally. Beneath paie,
478 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIi. i
creamy gray, with a reddish tinge, with or without an outer smoky line ~
and discal spot on one or both wings.
Expanse, 28 to 38 mm.=1.12 to 1.52 inches.
Habitat.—Los Angeles County, California, in September (U.S.N.M.);
southern California (Barnes); Phoenix, Arizona, March 11 (Dr. Grif-
fiths).
Hight specimens, seven of them females, are before me, most of them
in good condition. ‘The species is smoothly scaled and has somewhat:
the appearance of the Eastern Platysenta vtdens, but it 1s much paler,
much larger, broader winged, and with none of the sharp contrasts.
Everything is vague, and even the white-marked reniform is not
ageressively conspicuous. It has no very close allies in the genus to
which I have referred it.
Type.—Cat. No. 4832, U.S.N.M.
79. HOMOHADENA CANDIDA, new species.
Ground color white, more or less overlaid and mixed with smoky and
black scales. Head with a broad, black stripe across the front. Col-
lar, with a transverse line of black scales near base, then yellowish,
smoky, white and smoky shades in succession. Disk powdered with
smoky and blackish scales. Primaries with the ordinary maculation
lost or changed to a strigate type. A black streak runs through the
middle of the wing from base to outer margin. All the usual lines are
indicated by oblique black lines across the costal region. Transverse
anterior line marked on inner margin by an oblique blackish streak.
Transverse posterior line indicated by black, venular, somewhat elon-
gate dots. The outer portion of the wing is smoky, much darker
toward the internal angle, and through this darker shading a paler
subterminal line is vaguely traceable. There is a series of short, inter-
spaceal black lives in the terminal region. Fringes very broad, inter-
lined, cut with smoky. Ordinary spots not traceable. Secondaries
white, semitransparent; a blackish terminal band, broadest at the
apex, narrowing rapidly and lost a little beyond the middle. Beneath
white, iridescent, primaries smoky along the costa and forming a broad
outer band, secondaries with a smoky apex and a narrow terminal line.
Expanse, 26 mm.~1.04 inches.
Habitat.—Beeville, Texas, May 15 (i. A. Schwarz).
A single female, which may not have its best place as a Homohadena.
It resembles most nearly Oncocenmis atricollaris, but has unarmed fore-
tibie. The specimen is in fair condition, but the thorax has been
compressed, causing the collar to project hocd-like.
Type.—Cat. No. 4814, U.S.N.M.
80. GNCOCNEMIS CILIATA, new species.
Ashen gray, with smoky streaks, shades, and powderings. Head
black powdered in frout and on the vertex. Collar with a smoky and
NO. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 479
a blackish transverse line. Thorax irregularly powdered with gray,
smoky and black scales. Primaries streaked with blackish, smoky and
white, darkest through the upper half of the median space, with a
dusky oblique shade at the apex and another at the internal angle.
Median lines lost. Subterminal line indicated by a series of black and
erdy streaks, disconnected centrally. A broken black terminal line
at the base of the very long, even fringes, which are interlined with
smoky, and cut with smoky and black. Claviform a long, broken black
streak from base to the middle of the wing, margined on both sides
with white scales. Orbicular oval, elongate, pointed basally, ringed
with white, with smoky center. Reniform small, lunate, ringed with
white and with a pale, central powdering. Secondaries smoky, with a
vague reddish shading, paler at base. Beneath gray, powdery, with
small discal spots, but without lines in the example before me.
Expanse, 22 to 25 mm.=0.88 to 1.00 inch.
Hatitat.—Colorado desert.
Two females, neither of them in good condition, but with the macula-
tion perfectly detined. This is the smallest of the stout species and
belongs to the strigate series. I have had it for some years awaiting
additional material, but have received none, and conelude that the
species is very local.
81. TRICHOPOLIA SERRATA, new species.
Ground color a dull, dark, smoky brown, overlaying a luteous ground.
Head and thorax dark brown, with a few luteous scales intermingled.
Abdomen dull gray. Primaries with the maculation fairly evident, not
contrasting. Basal line pale, the margins marked by scattered black
scales, not well defined. Transverse anterior line geminate, nearly
upright, ineluded space pale, outer line broken, black, slender, preced-
ing line hardly darker than the ground. Transverse josterior line
narrow and black, outer line smoky; in course, outcurved over the
reniform and almost touching it, only a little drawn in, below. Sub-
terminal line pale, irregular, broken, without obvious defining shades,
the veins a little darker through subterminal and terminal spaces.
Below vein 5a black bar crosses the subterminal space and is con-
tinued, less obviously, to the outer margin beyond subterminal line. A
series of black terminal lunules. Orbicular large, round or nearly so,
of the paler ground color, black ringed. Reniform large, nearly round,
of the pale ground color, black ringed. Claviform broad, pointed,
extending nearly across the median space; of the darker, overlaying
shade, black ringed. Secondaries white, with a narrow, smoky, ter-
minal line. Beneath white, powdery along the costa, primary with a
partial outer line; all wings with a blackish discal spot.
Expanse, 25 to 28 mm. = 1.00 to 1.12 inches.
Habitat.—Texas, without definite locality. Two males, of which one
is in very good condition. The antenne are a little serrated, the pro-
A480 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
jections tipped with bunches of bristly hair, front rugose, but hardly
protuberant. We have now three species in this genus, one with pecti-
nated, one with serrated, and one with simple male antenne.
Type.—Cat. No. 4821, U.S.N.M.
82. LEUCANIA VELUTINA, new species.
Ground color reddish luteous, washed with red brown, especially
beyond the middle of primaries. Thorax with a narrow, sharp crest;
disk carneous. Palpi reddish gray above, deep velvety brown at the
sides. Abdomen washed with carmine red. Primaries with an irreg-
war, diffuse purplish shade along the submedian vein. Basal line
vaguely indicated. Transverse anterior line narrow, single, yellowish,
a little oblique outwardly to the middle, and then with a small angle
a little oblique inwardly. Transverse posterior line forming an acute
angle just below the costa, then evenly oblique to the hind margin;
narrow, pale, margined on each side by darker red brown. Subter-
minal line narrow, yellowish, irregular, preceded by a few small,
obscure dark spots, the terminal space a little paler than the rest of
the wing. Fringes rust red. A vague dusky median shade line is
marked below the cell. Orbicular moderate in size, a little irregular,
annulate with yellow. Keniform of good size, oblique, oblong, sides
ais
outlined in yellow, upper and lower margins obscure. Secondaries —
semitransparent at base, blackish outwardly, with carmine, interlined
fringes and a carmine wash on the disk. Under side of body velvety
dark brown. Primaries brown with a carmine wash, with a blackish
discal spot and a blackish outer line. Secondaries with a carmine
powdering along costal margin, apex, and half of outer margin, with
a broken, dusky outer line and a narrow discal spot.
[ixpanse, 39 mm.=1.56 inches.
Habitat.—Biscayne Bay, Florida (Mrs. Slosson).
The species has the wing form of wnipuncta and its general build.
The markings are all very narrow, thread-like, perfectly distinct, and
yet not contrasting. In color and general appearance it is entirely
unlike any of our described forms, though like some of the southern
species, from which it seems to be also sufficiently distinet.
The type and only specimen is a female, lacking antenna but other-
wise in good condition.
83. HIMELLA QUADRISTIGMA, new species.
Ground color fawn gray, varying to reddish or darker according to
the amount of dusky powdering. Head and thorax immaculate. Pri-
maries with the ordinary spots black or blackish, contrasting, median
lines simple, even, narrow, black, with or without an accompanying pale
shade. Basai line simple, broken, blackish, with or without a following
paler shade. Transverse anterior line outwardly oblique, a little out-
curved, and a trifle drawn in on the subcostal and submedian veins,
a
1
No. 1203, NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 48]
with or without a preceding paler shading. Transverse posterior line
outcurved over the cell, evenly oblique below, with or without a follow-
- ing paler shade line. _ A series of black, terminal lunules, followed by
a pale line at the base of the fringes. In the darker specimens a paler
shade extends from the apex through the subterminal space, making a
vague subterminal line by contrasting with the darker terminal region.
Orbicular moderate in size, a little irregular, with or without a paler
annulus, Reniform ale re, centrally constricted and larger below,
with or without a pale annulus. Secondaries whitish, with a yellow
tinge and a smoky terminal line. Beneath whitish, powdery, with a
broken line and black diseal spot on all wings.
Hxpanse, 27 to 30 mm.=1.08 to 1.20 inches.
Habitat.—Blutt, Utah, May 30 (Mrs. H. M. Peabody); Santa Rita
Mountains, Arizona, June 19 (HK. A. Schwarz).
One male, three females, all from the U.S. National Museum. Like
contrahens in type of maculation, but the lines are more even and the
contrasting ordinary spots are characteristic. The variation is in the
amount of dark overlaying scales which, when most abundant, leave
a paler border to all the dark markings.
Type.—Cat. No. 4781, U.S.N.M.
SELICANIS, new genus.
Head small, retracted; front smooth, flat, or with a blunt point.
Tongue weak and short. Palpismall,not reaching the middle of the
front, terminal joint small. Antenne of the male with joints marked
with small tufts of cilia or single, longer, lateral bristles. Eyes naked.
Thorax short, convex, subquadrate, with a small tuft behind the collar
and a somewhat indefinite bunch at the base. Abdomen proportion-
ately very long, exceeding the secondaries by one-third to one-half its
length; without obvious tuftings. Legs short and stout in the male,
clothed with dense bunches of hair and scales; in the female more
sparsely clothed, without spinules or other horny armature. Thoracic
vestiture consists of long, flattened, scale-like hairs. Wings propor-
tionately short and narrow, with well-marked apices and obliquely
arcuate outer margin.
The genus seems to belong with the Orthosiids. Its type is cinereola,
which is herewith described, and probably the species described as
Anchocelis digitalis by Grote will also find a place here. Anchocelis
has a cylindrical frontal protuberance and a spiral, functional tongue,
which the new genus does not have.
84. SELICANIS CINEREOLA, new species.
Mouse gray to fawn brown, powdery, scales of thoracic vestiture
often white tipped. Head and thorax without markings. Primaries
with the median lines whitish, the median space obviously darker than
the rest of the wing; narrow, unusually even and like a broad, dark,
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii——31
482 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
central band. Basal line not obvious. Transverse anterior line well —
removed from base, a little outeurved, even, margined on each side by —
a narrow smoky line. Transverse posterior line makes a little outward —
bend below the costa and runs thence evenly and only a little oblique,
margined on both sides with a narrow smoky line. Subterminal line,
when best marked, whitish, a little diffuse, somewhat irregular, dis-
located a short distance from costa, preceded by asmoky shading. From
this to entire absence, all intergrades occur. Of the ordinary spots,
the reniform is usually traceable by a line of whitish scales, but some-
times all are absent. Secondaries varying from reddish to smoky gray,
uniform, or only a little paler at the base. Beneath reddish to smoky
gray, powdery, without markings in the examples before me.
Expanse, 30 to 40 mm. = 1.20 to 1.60 inches.
Habitat.—Denver, Colorado, October 12 (Oslar); Glenwood Springs,
Colorado, October (Dr. Barnes).
Three males and three females in fair condition. The species some-
what resembles an exaggerated Telesilla, or a narrow-winged Plagio-
mimicus; but the structural characters are, of course, distinctive. The
variation is in size, in ground color, and in the degree of development
of the subterminal line; and yet withal the species holds its char-
acteristic appearance.
Type.—Cat. No. 4831, U.S.N.M.
ANE PISCHE@ZOS, new genus:
Head moderate in size, hardly prominent. Eyes naked, large, hemi-
spherical, prominent. Tongue normal. Palpi very long, exceeding the
front by nearly the length of the thorax, transversely flattened, vesti-
ture scaly and directed toward both edges, middle joint much the
longest, projecting straight forward or a little oblique, terminal joint
less than one-half as long as the second, clothed in the same way,
directed obliquely upward. Front with a long pointed tuft, extending
forward over the base of the palpi. Antenne of the male with long
lateral bristles. Thorax and abdomen untufted, the former with
smooth, scaly vestiture. Legs rather long, closely scaled, unarmed
except for the usual spurs on the tibie. Primaries triangular, short,
broad, with acute apex and arcuate, oblique, outer border.
At first sight this seems a Deltoid genus, but the venation of the
secondaries is strictly 3-1id, though vein 5 is fairly developed. The
palpi have the scales projecting beyond the edges both above and below,
forming a two-edged member and thus differing in a second essential.
We have no previously described genera with which this might be best
allied, and, pending further discoveries, this might be associated with
Doryodes, ete.
85. ANEPISCHETOS BIPARTITA, new species.
Ground color a pale, inuteous brown. Head and thorax with an
admixture of gray. Primaries with an even, oblique white line, start-
No. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. A83
ing from the costa about three-fourths from base and ending at about
the middle of the inner margin. Within this, the wing is uniform,
yellow brown. Beyond the white line is a pale shade which merges
gradually into an obscure dusky or smoky shading. A subterminal
line of brown spots is traceable through this shading, in most speci-
mens. The orbicular is indicated by a black dot. There is a brown
line at the base of the fringes. Secondaries, uniform smoky brown.
Beneath, smoky, immaculate.
Expanse, 17 to 19 mm.=0.68 to 0.76 inch.
Habitat.—Key West, Florida.
Four males are before me and I haveseen others. The species seems
to be not uncommon, and may have been described as a Deltoid, which
it resembles as well in the simple maculation as in the wing form and
abnormally developed palpi.
Type.—Cat. No. 4815, U.S.N.M.
DIALLAGMA, new genus.
Head moderate in size, front broad, littie convex, not tufted. An-
tenn in the male well ciliated, with longer, bristle-like hair on each
side of each joint; in the female simple. Tongue normal. Eyes
naked, moderate in size, not prominent. Palpi disproportionately
stout and long, straight or somewhat oblique, exceeding the head by
its own length; second joint longest, a little arcuate above, clothed
with scales directed downward and longer at the tip, so that this is
very broad when viewed from the side. As the joint is also thickened
laterally, the palpi diverge and do not form a snout. Terminal joint
short, stout, subequal, straight or a little oblique upwardly. Thorax
small, convex, vestiture scaly,.close, forming no tufts. Abdomen well
exceeding anal angle of secondaries, untufted. Legs unarmed except
for the usual spurs, which are long and stout, vestiture scaly and,
though close, quite thick, so that the tibize especially seem heavy.
Primaries rather long, moderate in width, widening rather evenly from
base, apex rectangular, outer margin even, fringes long. Venation
normal. Secondaries proportionate. Vein 5 well marked though
weaker than the others, from the cross vein rather close to 4, but not
forming a branch of the median.
As a whole the moths are somewhat slender and narrow-winged
closely sealed, and most marked by the heavy palpi. The genus seems
best related to the Eucalypterid series at present.
86. DIALLAGMA LUTEA, new species.
Ground color clay yellow, smooth, with rough black powderings from
which the markings are formed. Head a little more yellow on the ver-
tex, palpi chocolate brown at the sides, collar and disk of thorax irro-
rate with brown; but not otherwise ornamented. Primaries with all
the lines blackish and more or less broken, a large quadrate blackish
patch in the middle of the wing, just beyond the transverse anterior
A84 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX.
line, forming the most prominent feature. Basal line forming trian-
gular blackish brown costal spot. Transverse anterior line upright
or nearly so, blackish, broken, diffuse. Transverse posterior line black-
ish, broken, single, abruptly and somewhat squarely exserted oyer the
cell, followed by a slightly paler shade. Subterminal space darkening
to a blackish shade, which marks the subterminal line by the contrast
with the paler terminal space; this line only a little irregular. The
terminal space itself becomes somewhat darker to the margin, on which
is a series of black, interspaceal dots, the fringes marked by dusky
cloudings opposite the veins. Orbicular a distinct, round, black dot.
Reniform very obscure, and indicated only by a variable number of
black scales. Secondaries smoky, immaculate. Beneath variable; pri-
maries blackish, with a pale subterminal shading, and this varies to an
almost even, smoky gray; secondaries whitish, with a discal spot, a
median, an extra-median, and a terminal band smoky brown or blackish,
the fringes cut with dirty white and smoky.
Expanse, 19 to 21 mm.—0.76 to 0.84 inch.
Habitat.—Charlotte Harbor (Mrs. Slosson); Archer, Florida, July 3
(Koebele); September (U.S.N.M.).
Several specimens, representing both sexes, are before me, and I have
seen others. The species seems to be rather common in some portions
of Florida, and is not subject to variation except in the relative distinet-
ness of the black markings. The quadrate dusky patch in the middle
of the basal third of the primary is characteristic.
Type.—Cat. No, 4834, U.S.N.M.
cd
HELIODES Guenée.
Thus far no representatives of this genus have been described from
our fauna; but I have now before me two species that seem to fit per-
fectly to Lederer’s characterization. The moths are small, plump, with
fine, loose vestiture, and short, trigonate primaries. Head with a pro-
tuberant, bulging front, with a naval-shaped depression in which is a
short pointed process. Palpi reaching this process, the terminal joint
a little oblique, with rough, hairy vestiture. yes narrow, small, naked.
Tongue normal. Antennz in both sexes simple. Tibize without spinu-
lation or other armature, save the usual spurs; legs short, stout, with
heavy clothing of scales and hair, not tufted. In habitus the species
resemble Melicleptria.
87. HELIODES ANGELICA, new species.
Ground color of head and thorax black, the fluffy vestiture yellowish
and sometimes with a carmine shading. Abdomen black, terminal seg-
ment yellow. Primaries with a blackish ground, over which there is a
more or less obvious carmine shading, sometimes making the wing abso-
lutely carmine and sometimes leaving it almost black. An oblique
yellow band, made up of two contiguous spots, crosses the primaries
-
No. 1208. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. A85
beyond the middle. These spots are usually joined, but they may be
entirely separated and even reduced to smail dots. In some specimens
a yellowish subterminal line is traceable, and in one example it is com-
plete; in another there is no sign of it. There may be a yellow or gray
shading on the costa in the basal space, and there is usually one on the
costa just before the apex. Secondaries black, fringes yellowish, with
two oblong, yellow spots, which may be united so as to form an incom-
plete median band, may be reduced to mere dots, or may be entirely
absent. Beneath black, the spots of the upper side reproduced in
white.
Expanse, 14 to 16 mm. = 0.56 to 0.64 inch.
Habitat.—Los Angeles County, California, in May.
Three males and three females, all from the U.S. National Museum
collection. The line of variation has been indicated in the description,
and itis not improbable the altogether immaculate examples may occur.
Type.—Cat. No. 4818, U.S.N.M.
88. HELIODES RESTRICTALIS, new species.
Ground color of head and thorax black, more or less overlaid by
white or yellow scales and by yellow fluffy hair. Abdomen with a ecar-
mine tinge, which is most obvious laterally, terminal segment yellowish
brown. Primaries black, overlaid by carmine, with a tendency to a
covering of whitish scales in the basal space. Median space yellowish
or whitish, broken by the large reniform, which is of the ground color.
Fringes blackish, smoky. Secondaries black, immaculate in one exam-
ple, with a white spot, a little above the middle, in the other. Beneath
black, primaries with two, secondaries with one white spot.
Expanse, 13 to 14 mm. = 0.52 to 0.56 inch.
Habitat.—Butte County, California (Coquillett).
One male and one female, in fair condition only, from the U. 8.
National Museum. It is impossible to say just what is the range of
variation in this species, but it does not tend in the direction of angelica.
It will probably tend to a broader, pale median space, in which the
reniform may be completely surrounded. The body beneath is brightly
clothed with yellow on the breast, while the venter is carmine except
at the base.
Type.—Cat. No. 4817, U.S.N.M.
NARTHECOPHORA, new genus.
Eyes naked, hemispherical, large, somewhat prominent. Antenne
in both sexes simple, feebly ciliated. Tongue weak and soft, but of
moderate length. Palpi very small, drooping, almost aborted. Head
with clypeus turned up to form a projecting rim, front produced into
an oblique plate, the lateral corners of which are drawn out into points;
the vertex continued forward into a keel, surmounting the frontal plate
and projecting in a point some distance beyond it. Seen when the vesti-
sa
A86 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, _ VOL. XXII.
ture is complete, it seems like three corneous points, the central longer
and a little above the others. Thorax rather small, oval, convex, the
vestiture thin, mostly hairy, forming no definite tuftings. Abdo-
men conic, well exceeding the anal angle of secondaries, smoothly
sealed. Legs moderate in length, proportionate, smoothly scaled,
tibie not spinulated, anterior with a slender curved claw at tip. Wings
moderate, seeming rather frail, because their peculiar maculation gives
them a thinly scaled appearance. Primaries long, the costa scarcely
convex, apex somewhat drawn out, outer margin oblique and arcuate.
Secondaries proportionate, vein 5 a very strong fold, almost midway
between 4 and 6.
The genus resembles Acopa in habitus and general appearance, and —
belongs with it. In frontal structure it resembles Tristyla; but the
vestiture is not scaly and the tibial armature and weak tongue will
separate it.
89. NARTHECOPHORA PULVEREA, new species.
Ground color a somewhat reddish luteous, evenly powdered with
blackish scales, so separated that the ground color showing through,
makes the wing seem semitransparent. Head and thorax immaculate.
Primaries with a broad, somewhat diffuse band, even or toothed at the
middle, representing the transverse anterior line. A similar, more dif-
fuse, narrower, bisinuate band represents the transverse posterior line.
Reniform a white crescent at the end of the discal cell. Secondaries,
more whitish, somewhat silky, immaculate, a little more dusky out-
wardly. Beneath, silky reddish-gray, immaculate, save that on the
primaries the white reniform shows through from the upper side.
_Expanse, 21 to 23 mm. = 0.84 to 0.92 inch.
Habitat.—Tueson, Arizona, July 19, 20, 21.
Two males and two females, very much alike, save that the females
are a trifle darker and better marked. The species is so simply orna-
mented that it should be easily recognizable, even aside from the strong
generic characters. The examples were taken by Mr. H. A. Schwarz,
and are from the collection of the United States National Museum.
Type.—Cat. No. 4783, U.S.N.M.
PALADA, new genus.
Head small, closely applied to thorax, though hardly sunken. Front
rough and protuberant, clothed with short, stiff vestiture. Tongue
normal. Eyes naked, reniform. Palpi reaching to the middle of front,
second joint densely clothed, terminal joint short, oblique, obtuse.
Thorax plump, with a layer of close scales, over which is a fluffy, thin,
hairy vestiture. Abdomen conic, reaching to the anal angle of the
hind wings. Legs short, stout, clothed with scales and long hair, tibice
not spinulated, anterior short and broad; at the tip the inner angle is
prolonged into a horny, claw-like process; the outer into a short, blunt
No. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. A87
spur. Wingsshort and stiff; primaries with the costal margin sinuate,
distinctly depressed at its middle, apex acute, drawn out, outer mar-
gin evenly oblique, fringes long, margins even; secondaries, rounded,
proportionate.
This little genus of Heliothids is allied to Melicleptria, from which it
differs by the lack of tibial spinules. The short, broad fore-tibia, the
protuberant rough front, and the sinuate costa of the primaries form a
combination that separates it from the other allied forms.
go. PALADA SCARLETINA, new species.
Head and thorax black, clothed with fluffy light-yellowish hair that
gives a hoary effect on a good specimen. Abdomen black, terminal
segmentluteous. Primaries with basal and subterminal spaces tawny
to deep smoky brown, median and terminal spaces luteous, the latter
very narrow, the former superiorly shaded with tawny or smoky. The
lines are marked by the contrasts in the shading of the spaces. Trans-
verse anterior outcurved, the edges a little irregular; transverse pos-
terior evenly bisinuate; subterminal irregular and very close to outer
margin. Fringes purplish to smoky. MReniform vaguely indicated by
a somewhat darker shade. Secondaries, evenly black. Beneath, pri-
maries scarlet, verging to purple, black at base, yellow at the apex;
secondaries black, with a brown tinge. Breast yellowish, venter red
brown, the apex yellow.
Expanse, 17 to 20 mm. = 0.68 to 0.80 inch.
Habitat.—California; San Diego County, California; Utah.
Two males and one female, only the latter in really good condition;
the examples received at long intervals. The two males are the smaller
and darker, one of them having been in my old collection twelve years
ago. The species is so strongly marked that it does not seem possible
to mistake it.
Type.—Cat. No. 4816, U.S.N.M.
sot. SCHINIA RENIFORMIS, new species.
Head and thorax white, vestiture hairy over a scaly base. Primaries
white at base, merging gradually into a broad transverse anterior band
of a greenish-gray color, which forms an outward acute angle below the
median vein. Median space white. Subterminal space greenish gray
or olivaceous, the margins even, broadest on costa, outwardly curved
over the cell and then very even to the inner margin. Subterminal
line broad, white, very even. Terminal space greenish gray, even.
Fringes white, cut at the tips with greenish gray. Reniform large,
greenish gray, oblique, centrally constricted. Secondaries white, with
a variably wide smoky outer band, through which there may be a
white shade line. Sometimes there is a smoky discal spot. Beneath,
with the maculation of the upper side reproduced except for the basal
band of the primaries.
488 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSECM. VOL, XXIL.
Expanse, 20 to 25 mm. = 0.80 to 1.00 inch.
Habitat.—Colorado (Bruce); Denver, June 20 (Oslar).
Six specimens, evenly divided as to sex, and I have seen others. The
species is allied to cumati/is in appearance and has been confused with
it; but it is obviously distinet by the large, prominent reniform and
the very even margins of all the maculation. The gray color has the
appearance of being veiled by a faint wash of white.
Type.—Cat. No. 4824, U.S.N.M.
92. SCHINIA OCULATA, new species.
Head and collar yellowish, the latter with brown powderings. Disk of
thorax white, with yellow mottlings. Primaries at base creamy, with
ocherous mottlings. The broad median space silvery white, without
band, but with a large kidney-shaped reniform, which is ocherous and
emphasized with black scales. Subterminal and terminal spaces creamy,
the subterminal a trifle more gray, at and below the apex a brownish
patch. A series of small, brown, terminal lunules, becoming lost toward
the hinder angle. Costa over the reniform, creamy. Secondaries with
a yellowish tint, with a broad, smoky, outer margin. Beneath, primaries
with the disk blackish, inner and costal margins yellowish, a yellowish
subterminal line, and a large blackish diseal spot. Secondaries white
with a yellow tinge.
Expanse, 23 mm. ==0.92 inch.
Habitat.—Rio Verde Mountains, Pheenix, Arizona, August, Dr. Barnes.
One defective male and one good female. Differs obviously and at
once from the other silvered species by the absence of a median band.
93. SCHINIA CILIATA, new species.
Head yellow in front. Vertex and thorax a mixture of creamy and
tusty brown scales, vestiture somewhat loose. Primaries ocherous,
mixed with deep rust brown at base. Then silvery white to a broad
median band which is similarly ocherous and brown, outwardly a little
bent on the cell, and separated by a narrow silver line from a broadly
oval, brown reniform. Beyond this band and reniform spot the wing
is again Silvery to the powdery, rusty brown, broken, subterminal line,
beyond which it is creamy white. There is a rusty brown spot on the
margin below the apex, and a series of brown terminal marks extends
halfway to the hind angle. Secondaries white, with a narrow, slightly
dusky outer margin. Beneath, primaries blackish, except along inner
margin and at apex. Secondaries white, with a blackish spot at the
inner third of outer margin.
Expanse, 22 mm. = 1 inch.
Habitat—Hot Springs, New Mexico, 7,000 feet altitude, August.
Collection of George D. Hulst.
One female in excellent condition. This specimen has been in my
hands nearly ten years awaiting a mate. As none has arrived, it may
No, 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 489
be fairly considered as rather rare or at least local. It has a median
band like conchula, but has also a separate reniform and evident sub-
terminal line.
We have now four species referred to Schinia which are largely sil-
vered on the primaries and would be classed as Tricopis if Grote’s
generic term could beused. These are conchula Felder anit Rogenhofer
(chrysellus Grote), aleucis Harvey, oculata Smith, and ciliata Smith.
The two former are narrower winged and the primaries are more
pointed than in the latter. In conchula there is no reniform and the
median band is angulated so as to inelude the space that should be
occupied by it. In ciliata there is a similar band, but outside of, and
separated from it, is a large reniform. In alewcis the median band is
upright, the reniform is entirely separated, the terminal and part of the
subterminal spaces are dusky, and there is a triangular, silver, ante-
apical spot on the costa. Finally, the reniform is very large and prom-
inently contrasting. No effort has been made to ascertain what differ-
ences there may be in tibial armature. The fact that the term chry-
sellus Grote must yield to conchula Felder and Rogenhofer has been
recently pointed out by Mr. Strecker.
TRIPUDIA LUDA Druce.
Agrophila luda Druck#, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Heterocera, IT, 1898, p. 491, pl. xcrv, fig. 25.
Five specimens of this species are before me; two of them from
Sonora, Mexico, 40 niles from the Arizona line; two marked “ Ariz.,”
without other information, and one, taken by Mr. E. A. Schwarz, marked
Tucson, Arizona, May 18, 1898. It seems probable that this will prove
not uncommon on both sides of the border.
The original reference to Agriphila can hardly be sustained if Leder-
er’s limitation of the genus is correct. The genera of this series need
further study; but for the present I prefer to change the reference
originally made by Mr. Druce te Tripudia, because the species seems
congeneric with our species, and because I have two others which I
prefer to describe under that head.
94. TRIPUDIA BALTEATA, new species.
Head and thorax ashen gray, the disk and posterior tuft of scales a
little darker. Abdomen with rather a prominent dark scale tuft on the
third segment, yellowish at base. Primaries ash gray at base, followed
by a broad, oblique, bright luteous band which extends to the middle
of the wing. This is followed by ashen gray, with a brownish overlay
to the paler gray fringes. The outer edge of the yellow band is mar-
gined by a black line which, on the cell, forms an outward loop to
include the reniform shading and merges with the transverse posterior
line. The latter is single, black, and below its merger with the line
previously described is irregularly angulate. The subterminal space is
shaded with brown, the subterminal line being indicated by pale, rather
490 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
pinkish shadings which are irregular and disconnected. The terminal
space is gray, with a broken black line at the base of the gray and brown
mottled fringes. Secondaries smoky brown, paler at base. Beneath pale
reddish luteous, secondaries more whitish, both powdery and darker
shaded along the costal margin.
Expanse, 14 to 15 mm. = 0.56 to 0.60 inch.
Habitat.—Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona, May 29 and June 16, Mr.
KE. A. Schwarz.
Two females in good condition. The species is very characteristic
and should be recognizable. It resembles the 7. flavofasciata of Grote.
Type.—Cat. No. 4780, U.S.N.M.
95. TRIPUDIA LUXURIOSA, new species.
Head and thorax silver gray, with darker, reddish brown scales
intermixed, disk and posterior bunch of scales on thorax, brown;
abdomen gray with yellow tinge. Primaries silver gray at base to the
transverse anterior line, which is single, brown, broken and irregular,
the basal line being traceable over the costal region by pinkish seales.
From the transverse anterior line to the inner edge of. the brown median
shade the space is whitish, shaded with pink, basally. The median
band is brown, edged with black scales, twice dentate on each side, the
teeth being opposite, so that we have two constrictions and three
expansions. Silvery scales edge this band outwardly and lighter scales
extend to the deeply sinuate transverse posterior line, which is brown,
incomplete, and single. Subterminal line silvery white or creamy,
irregular, with two square insets, which are silvery, and three blocks of
blackish scales above, between and below these insets. Apex brick
red, rest of terminal space reddish brown. The long fringes are irregu-
larly mottled and marbled with black, gray, and brown. Orbicular
barely indicated by dusky scales before a constriction of the median
band; the reniform better marked by an indefined dusky spot beyond
it. Secondaries smoky brown, the fringes more gray. Beneath yellow-
ish, mottled with black.
Expanse, 11 to 13 mm. = 0.44 to 0.52 inch.
Habitat.—Arizona; Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona, June 14, 1898
(BH. A. Schwarz). ick
Two females; one of them, taken by Mr. Schwarz, very fresh, the
other, an old example, a little faded and without definite locality. The
description is from the fresh example, which is really very handsome
and richly colored. This species should also extend into Mexico, but
has not been recognized as described.
Type.—Cat. No. 4779, U.S.N.M.
THALPOCHARES DARIA Druce.
T alpochares daria Druck, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Heterocera, IT, 1898, p. 497, pl. xcv,fig.29.
This seems to be rather a common species in the southwestern United
States. I have it from several points in Texas, from as many collectors;
No. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. AQ]
from Hot Springs, New Mexico, 7,000 feet altitude (Hulst collection);
Oracle, Arizona, July 7(H. A. Schwarz), and some point in Southern Cal-
ifornia, from Dr, H. H. Behr. The type lecality is Jalapa, Mexico. The
specimens vary somewhat in the amount of contrast and in the ground
color; but in general they are lighter or darker ashen gray, the reniform
ereamy or whitish, the light shade extending to the costa and forming
a triangular contrasting blotch which will call attention to the species.
The generic reference is questionable if our own species of Thalpo-
chares are correctly referred.
PARORA, new genus.
Head rather small, well applied to the head, though hardly retracted.
Byes naked, hemispherical, not prominent. Palpi long, obliquely pro-
jecting beyond the head by more than its own length; second joint
longest and evenly thickened; third slender, cylindrical, rounded at
the tip. Front only a little convex, with a short, pointed, hairy tuft.
Tongue strong, normally developed. Thorax rather short, quadrate,
only a little convex, with close scaly vestiture. All the tibiz unarmed,
except for the usual spurs. Abdomen cylindric, smoothly scaled, a
little exceeding the anal angle. Primaries broad, costa and inner
margin arched, apex rectangular, the outer margin a trifle excavated
below it and a little produced at the middle. Secondaries proportion-
ate, vein 5 as strong as any other, but from the cross vein and well
removed from 4, not really forming part of the median series.
The genus at first sight tends to the Erebiid or Poaphilid series, but
the moderate discal cell and the location of vein 5 of the secondaries
indicates its place to be a little higher in the series.
96. PARORA TEXANA, new species.
Ground color a very pale luteous. Head and collar chocolate brown,
thorax with a somewhat paler brown discal stripe, which may become
partly lost. Primaries without strong contrasts, the most prominent
mark being a smoky cloud which extends from the reniform to the
transverse posterior line or a little beyond it. Transverse anterior line
narrow, brown, upright or a little oblique, with three almost even sin-
uations. Median shade line a little broader, but more diffuse at the
edges, darker, parallel with the transverse anterior line and a little
within the middle of the wing. Transverse posterior line slender,
blackish, followed by a paler shade, defined outwardly by a few dark
scales, so that the line seems geminate. In course it is broadly outcurved
over the cell, and only a little drawn in, in the submedian interspace.
Subterminal line lunulate, slender, dark, preceded by a pale yellow
liiie at the base of the fringes. Orbicular a small blackish dot. Reni-
form moderate in size, upright, a little constricted in the middle,
yellow. Secondaries smoky with a reddish shading, a little paler at
base. Beneath more yellow, practically immaculate.
492, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
Expanse, 26.to 27 mm.=1.48 to 1.52 inches.
Habitat.—Brownsville, Texas, June 11 (Townsend); San Diego,
Texas, June 12 (Schwarz); Corpus Christi, Texas (Dr. Barnes).
Three females, two of them from the U.S. National Museum. None
of the examples are perfect, but on all of them the characters are well
recognizable. The markings are not well written and the only notable
feature is the dark shading of the primaries just beyond the reniform,
which in one example extends almost to the apex.
Type.—Cat. No. 4777, U.S.N.M.
97. SYNEDOIDA SUBTERMINA, new species.
Ground color pale luteous, varying to grayish. Head and thorax
immaculate. Palpi with second joint black at base. Antenna with a
rosy flush outwardly. Primaries with costa a little reddish, vestiture
smooth and even. Basal line single, black, broken on the cell, con-
trasting. Transverse anterior line marked by a black or blackish cos-
tal spot, and beyond that reduced to scattered black powderings.
Transverse anterior line geminate on the costa, smoky, traceabie as a
very narrow thread over the cell and then Jost. Subterminal line dis-
tinct, broad, yellow, a little sinuate, marked by preceding black points
and scales. A dusky oblique shade from vein 6 to the apex. A series
of more or less obvious terminal dots on the veins. Orbicular wanting.
Reniform blackish, upright, narrow, inner margin straight, outer a
little incurved, forming the most prominent feature of the wing. Sec-
ondaries whitish at base, darkening to a blackish outer border, the
fringes smoky. Beneath pale, reddish powdery, all wings with a discal
spot.
Expanse, 35 to 37 mm.=1.40 to 1.48 inches.
Habitat.—San Diego County, California.
Two females in good condition, one of them with a grayish bloom
over the luteous ground. The species somewhat resembles Tenio-
campa at first sight, and is most nearly allied to the Taniocampa vegeta
of Morrison, which is the Cissusa spadix of Cramer. The obvious sub-
terminal line, contrasting reniform, and otherwise lost maculation will
serve to distinguish this species.
Type.—Cat. No. 4830, U.S.N.M.
ANTIBLEMMA Hibner.
Two species referred to this genus are in our lists: ineracta Walker=
canalis Grote, which ranges from New York into the West Indies, and
guttula Henry Edwards, so far only recorded from Georgia. The two
species are similar, guttula having a very large bluish reniform which
gives it at first glance a strikingly different appearance from ineracta;
yet the resemblance in other directions is close. Among the specimens
- that I have been placing with inexacta, I find aseries of four examples,
male and female, which are uniformly smaller, much darker in ground
No. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH 493
color, and with the primaries much less excavated below the apex.
These I am unable to identify with any other described form and have
named minorata. Allare from Florida. Another specimen, from Ari-
zona, is yet different, the ground color becoming bluish gray, while a
darkening of the space between the median shade and the transverse
posterior line forms a broad smoky band which crosses both wings;
this I have called fasciata. The secondary sexual characters are the
same in each instance so far as appears by a superficial examination.
98. ANTIBLEMMA MINORATA, new species.
Ground color a somewhat dull fawn brown, more or less black pow-
dered. Head and collar chocolate brown or darker, thorax and abdo-
men concolorous. Primaries sometimes quite even, sometimes strongly
powdered, the maculation variably evident. Transverse anterior line
slender, blackish, inwardly oblique, outcurved in the interspaces,
rarely complete. Transverse postérior line nusty yellow, preceded and
sometimes followed by a blackish line or shade, with a long, acute
angle between veins 6 and 7, inwardly oblique and a little incurved to
the inner margin, one-third from the inner angle. Subterminal line a
series of more or less diffuse, interspaceal spots in a bisinuate course;
sometimes connected by a dusky shade which may fill the space between
transverse posterior and subterminal lines to the angle in the former.
The shade may then be continued from this angle to the apex, making
an apparently straight line from apex to the hind margin. Median
shade blackish, diffuse, a little irregular, angulated on the cell, more
or less broken. Orbicular a small black dot, more or less completely
margined by white scales. Reniform moderate in size, irregular, some-
times scarcely defined, sometimes black and contrasting. Secondaries
with a median line which is a continuation of the transverse posterior
line of the primaries. The median shade of primaries crosses the sec-
ondaries at basal third and is broken or obscure; in one case only an
elongate spot near the inner margin. Subterminal line similar to that
of primaries and as variable, but a little farther from the margin.
Here also the subterminal space is sometimes dark filled, so as to form
a broad band. ‘There is a small, black, discal dot. Beneath paler,
more irrorate and powdery, with a scalloped, irregular, outer line, a
black dot representing the orbicular, and discal spots on both wings,
and a white, linear spot representing the reniform on primaries.
Expanse, 28 to 29 im.=1.12 to 1.16 inches.
Habitat.—Florida, April and June 15 (Hulst); Glenwood, Florida
(Barnes).
Two males and two females; none of them in good condition and no
two alike. In one ease the powdering is almost wanting and the reni-
form is contrasting. In another the maculation is almost all wanting;
a third has the subterminal space on both wings dark filled, while the
fourth has this shading broken into spots.
Type.—Cat. No. 4838, U.S.N.M.
494 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
99. ANTIBLEMMA FASCIATA, new species.
Ground color, mouse gray with a bluish tinge. Head and collar
defective in the specimen before me, but apparently not red brown.
Thorax and abdomen concolorous. Transverse anterior line red brown,
slender, single, very evenly zigzaged, inwardly oblique. Transverse pos-
terior line very narrowly yellow, margined on each side with chocolate
brown for its entire course, which is asin minorata. Median shade broad,
blackish, a little diffuse, as a whole parallel with the transverse poste-
rior line, the intervening space between the two brown filled; lightly
so on costa, densely so toward the inner margin. A brown shade
extends from the angle of the transverse posterior line to the apex.
Subterminal line an irregular series of interspaceal blackish marks,
varying in size and shape, forming a dusky shading opposite the anal
angle and another opposite the cell. Orbicular a blackish dot. Reni-
form obscured in the median shade’ band. Secondaries with the trans-
verse posterior line of primaries continued across at the middle, the
median shade crossing at one-third from base, the interval brown filled
and with a central discal black dot. Subterminal line crossing as an
irregular, dark, broken, diffuse shade, best marked just above the anal
angle. Beneath, reddish gray, powdery, disk of primaries darker, more
powdery, with a white discal spot on all wings.
Expanse, 29 mm.=1.16 inches.
Habitat.—Arizona; Hulst collection.
The type, belonging to the Rutgers College collection, is a male in
rather poor condition, but so obviously distinct that description seems
warranted.
100. BOMOLOCHA VEGA, new species.
Ground color smoky brown, powdery. Head and thorax unicolored
darker brown. Palpi oblique, a little curved in all my specimens.
Abdomen pale, smoky. Primaries as a whole darker to the median
shade, thence with a somewhat more luteous, paler shade; interrupted
in some examples by a darker subterminal shade. Transverse anterior
line upright, irregular, broad, diffuse, only a little darker, preceded by
a paler shade. Transverse posterior line irregular, indistinct, smoky,
outcurved over the cell, with a small inward sinuation below. Median
shade somewhat irregularly sinuate, best marked by the difference in
color between it and the paler following shade. Subterminal line very
irregular, toothed, angulated and sinuate, black, broken, preceded by
black scale shadings varying in extent, but never great. A series of
pale, terminal, interspaceal somewhat lunate spots. Fringes with a
pale interline, beyond which they are cut with light and darker shades.
Orbicular small, round, dusky, not defined and hardly contrasting.
Reniform is an indefined, pale oval, at the end of the cell. Secondaries
even, smoky. Beneath, even, rather pale smoky, all wings with a dis-
cal spot.
No. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH, A95
Expanse, 30 to 33 mm.=1.20 to 1.32 inches.
Habitat—Las Vegas, New Mexico (Bolter); Lower California
(Barnes).
Four males in good or fair condition and much alike, save for the
difference in the amount of contrast between the shadings. The
species belongs to the series with complete median lines. but has no
close allies in the described forms.
Type.—Cat. No. 4820, U.S.N.M.
A NEW BIRD OF PARADISE,
IBAY JRO lob, Net (Oiuneyrda = 1Bs5\ ale
In looking over the Museum series of Paradiseidze, Mr. J. H. Fleming,
of Toronto, who has made a study of this family, noticed a specimen of
Cicinnurus which, as he pointed out, differs from the King Bird of
Paradise, Cicinnurus regius (Linneus), in several important partic-
ulars. Through the kindness of Mr. Robert Ridgway, Curator of the
Division of Birds, Iam enabled to present a description of this beautiful
species, which I propose to call the Crimson Bird of Paradise.
CICINNURUS LYOGYRUS,!' new species.
Specific characters.—Differs from C. regius (Linnzeus) in having the
pectoral shield nearly four times as long as in the latter, almost as long
as broad; frontal plumes shorter, not projecting forward beyond
middle of bill and not obscuring contour of skull; tail emarginate
instead of rounded; outer web at end of central tail-shafts only two-
thirds as wide near base, the width uniform for the greater portion of
its length, instead of narrowing rapidly to tip, much more loosely
coiled, the apical portion of naked, crossed tail-shafts divergent instead
of convergent. The crimson of back is darker, crown and forehead
orange-vermilion instead of orange-chrome; pectoral tufts darker and
subterminal buff line on each plume much narrower, darker, and less
conspicuous; pectoral shield, except a narrow edging on lower border,
and tips of central tail-feathers grass-green instead of emerald-green,
and tips of pectoral plumes yellowish emerald-green instead of gold-
green. The primaries are also a duller orange-rufous.
Description.—Above glossy crimson, darker than in C. regius, the
head pale orange-vermilion; feathers of the crown and forehead short,
not obscuring the contour of the skull, the frontal feathers not extend-
ing forward beyond middle of bill; a dark green, almost black, spot
above and bordering the eye. Throat, and sides of head and neck,
dull crimson with purplish reflections, the feathers on lower border of
throat narrowly tipped with buff, forming a convex line; fore neck and
upper breast with a broad shield of metallic grass-green 65 millimeters
in length, the feathers of lower border narrowly tipped with metallic
‘Ave, Lloose; ytpos, whorl, referring to the tips of central tail-shafts.
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXII, No. 1204.
Proce. N. M. vol. xxii 32 497
A98 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NA TIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXL.
emerald-green; on each side of upper breast is a tuft of long, apiecally-
rounded, broccoli brown plumes, most of which are tipped with brilliant
metallic yellowish emerald-green, each feather with a very narrow,
inconspicuous buff line and a second, still narrower, coppery-brown
one just before the green tip; outer webs of some of these plumes slightly
washed with orange-rufous near base; lower breast, belly, and under tail-
coverts white; under wing-coverts white. Scapulars crimson. Wings
orange-rufous, the outer webs of primaries and outer secondaries edged
with orange-vermilion, the inner secondaries and secondary coverts
heavily washed with that color, primary coverts less heavily so. Upper
tail coverts extending almost to tip of rectrices, orange-rufous, washed
with orange-vermilion; tail emarginate, broccoli brown, the outer webs
of feathers bordered with orange-rufous. Central pair of tail-feathers
with their shafts crossed near base, greatly elongated, the webs very
narrow basally, and entirely wanting beyond tips of other rectrices,
except on the apical 70 millimeters of shaft, where there is a loosely-
coiled, metallic grass-green outer web, whose greatest width is 8 milli-
meters; width of this web uniform for the greater portion of its extent;
apical portion of naked, crossed shafts divergent. The green of these
outer webs, as also that of pectoral tufts and shield, appears violet
when held in Gadow’s ‘‘ Position C.”' Wing, 200 mm.; tail (exclusive
of central shaft-wires), 78 mm.; central pair of tail-feathers (straightened
to extreme tips), 330 mm.; culmen,42 mm.; tarsus, 50 mm.; middle toe,
o7 mm.
Type.—No. 124628, U.S.N.M.; ‘“‘New Guinea,” received from A.
Boueard.
The following table will serve to show the important structural differ-
ences between the two species:
Comparison of Cicinnurus lyogyrus with C. regius.
C. regius. C. lyogyrus.
|
Pectoral shield__....-.- One-fourth as long as broad........-..| Nearly as long as broad.
Frontal plumes .....-.-- Long, obscuring contour of head, | Short, not obscuring contour of
reaching forward beyond middle of head, not reaching beyond mid-
bill. dle of bill.
ABanilecs rene cesta eaprscorers TROUT cosggcocoguscqocueoscoebaosue Emarginate.
Central tail-shatts.....| Crossed near base, converging before | Crossed near base, diverging before
tips. tips.
Outer web at tips of | Tightly coiled, discoid; greatest | Loosely coiled; greatest width, 8
central tail-shafts. width, 12 mm., rapidly narrowing | mm., uniform for greater portion
to tip. | of length.
It is unfortunate that the specimen is not accompanied by a more
definite locality, so that some hght might be thrown upon the habitat
of the species. It would appear that it is either very rare or that it
inhabits some little-explored portion of New Guinea proper or, possibly,
some other island of the Papuan group.
The Hon. Walter Rothschild has recently ? separated specimens of C.
'In this position the bird is held on nearly the same level with, and between, the
eye and the light. The other metallic colors given in this description appear when
the bird is held in “ Position B,” the eye being between the light and the bird, and
the parts described placed vertically to the light.
?Novitates Zoologice, III, 1896, p. 10.
No. 1204. A NEW BIRD OF PARADISE—CURRIE. 499
regius from Jobi Island under the subspecific name coccineifrons. This
form is said to differ from true regius *‘in having the short feathers on
the bill produced farther towards the tip, thus leaving a smaller piece of
the bill unfeathered; in having these feathers a little longer, much
darker, and of the same colour as the back.” There are about thirty
specimens of regius in the National Museum; all of these, however,
seem to be typical, consequently I have had no opportunity of examin-
ing the subspecies.
The figures of the old pre-Linnzean authors, though very poor, un-
doubtedly refer to C. regius.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVII.
Fig. 1. Pectoral shield, head, and tail of Cicinnurus regius.
2. Pectoral shield, head, and tail of Cicinnurus luogyrus
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXII PL. XVII
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM
vg
\ X
\ y
V AY y,
YL\ Z
WAN Ze
SNON Zz
REN \ Z
NaN EZ
SSN ZZ
2~Q_. ZZ
= SSS AA
SN Z
SS A
NIN Zz
= Bz
So a3
RS ia 2
= 4
ee 4
i ie
2
A NEW BIRD OF PARADISE.
FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 499.
SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES, OR PEARLY FRESH-WATER
MUSSELS.
By CHARLES TORREY SIMPSON.
Aid, Division of Mollusks.
In 1836 Dr. Isaac Lea published a Synopsis of the Family of Nai-
ades, which was followed by a second edition in 1838, a third in 1852,
and a fourth in 1870. In this work Dr. Lea did not attempt to make
any systematic classification, but divided the species into two great
genera, Margaron and Platiris, and subdivided these genera into sub-
genera, and finally into smaller groups founded on the presence or
absence of a dorsal wing, and on the form and sculpture of the shell.
This arrangement was regarded by Dr. Lea as merely a temporary one,
to be used until a knowledge of the soft parts could be obtained, on
which to base a permanent classification.
Several other attempts at a classification of the Naiades have been
made, and among these is that of Swainson in 1840, who believed that
the whole family formed a circular group, that by beginning at a cer-
tain point in it the species or genera would be found closely related to
others, and these to others still, and that by following up the chain of
relationships one would be brought back to the place of starting. My
studies have not borne out Swainson’s conclusions, but I have adopted
two of his divisions of the Unionide, the subfamilies Unionine and
Hyriane. His subfamilies Anodontine and Alasmodontine have no
value, and the subfamily Iridinz belongs in the family Mutelidie.
In 1847 Gray gave a classification of the Naiades in his List of Recent
Genera, in which he divided them into three families: Unionide, with
the genera Anodonta, Margaritana, Monocondylea, Unio, Barbala, Lam-
proscapha, Anodonta, Byssanodonta, and Glabaris; Mutelidse with
Mutela, Leila, Pleiodon, Paxyodonand Prisodon, and Mycetopodide, with
the genus JJycetopus.
Troschel, in 1847, proposed a classification in which the genera were
founded on anatomical characters, and though for lack of knowledge
PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXII, No. 1205. eat
OU
502 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
he was led into several serious errors, his work has proved an important
aid in classification.
H.and A. Adams followed with a classification in 1857, in which they
recognized the families Unionide and Mutelide, dividing the former into
two subfamilies, Unionine and Mycetopine, and giving a list of the
then known species.
Agassiz, in 1852, published a classification of the North American
Unionid, based more especially on the anatomy, but much of his
work was hasty and careless, and as a result his groups are, for the
most part, heterogeneous assemblages of unrelated species.
Tn 1893, von Ihering published his Najaden von San Paulo, in which
he showed that while certain of the Naiades began their existence on
hatching from the egg as a glochidium, with a bivalve shell capable of
containing the soft parts, others developed into a lasidium, with three
segments, the middle one alone having a single shell. He showed that
the presence or absence of siphons by which the Mutelide had been
separated from the Unionide was not a constant character, even in indi-
vidual species, and placed the genera which he believed to have glo-
chidia in the family Unionidze, and those with lasidia in the Mutelide.
I consider this the most important discovery that has yet been made in
the study of the Naiades.
In 1896 the writer published a classification of the Naiades, based
largely on his studies of shell characters. In that it was shown that
throughout one great group all the genera had shells with schizodont
hinge teeth or vestiges of them, and in the rest, a smaller group, they
all had taxodont teeth, or vestiges of them. As all the genera whose
shells have schizodont teeth were believed by von Ihering to possess a
glochidium, and those with taxodont teeth have a lasidiwm, it seemed
as though there was a natural division of the Navades into two families
Unionide and Mutelidee.
Some years ago the Rey. and Mrs. L. T. Chamberlain, son-in-law and
daughter of Dr. Lea, suggested to Mr. Dall that a new edition of the
Synopsis, or if necessary a new work, should be prepared, and for this
purpose they generously offered to contribute such sums as might be
needed for the purchase of material to add to the great collection left
by Dr. Lea to the U.S. National Museum at his death, and for li: erature
that might be required in preparing the work. As the writer had made
a special study of the Naiades, the task of preparing the new Synopsis
fell to him. Since then Mrs. Chamberlain has been called away by
death, greatly regretted, but her husband has continued to cheerfully
furnish all the needed funds for carrying on the work to completion.
While the labor of preparing the synopsis has been arduous, and
while it has been impossible to obtain material needed in many iImpor-
tant groups, or all the necessary literature, I feel that my opportuni-
ties for study have been exceptionally good. I have had constant
access to. the great collection of Dr. Lea, the finest, no doubt, ever
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAILADES—SIMPSON. 50
| 9
made of the Unionide, and containing more types than any other in
existence. In addition to this the U.S. National Museum possesses a
large collection, including many types, and for the most part carefully
determined by that able student Dr. James Lewis, as well as the entire
Jeffreys collection. A great amount of valuable material has been
lately added to it, including the Morelet collection of Naiades, a set of
Burmese shells from Fea, a series of New Zealand forms from Suter, a
large number of species from von Ihering, from South and Central
America and Mexico, the entire series of types of Mr. S. H. and B. H.
Wright, and types from many other sources. The writer has personally
examined the collections of Say, Conrad, and Rafinesque, in the Acad-
emy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia, as well as the excellent alco-
holic series which was the basis of all of Dr. Lea’s studies. Through
the courtesy of the officers of the New York State Museum of Natural
History the entire collection of Naiades of Dr. Gould was loaned to the
U.S. National Museum, in order that he might study it. Besides this
he has examined the fine collections of Mr. Bryant Walker, Mrs. George
Andrews, Prof. A. G. Wetherby, and a great amount of material
belonging to Mr. William A. Marsh, Mr. B. H. Wright, and many
others. He has made critical examinations of the soft parts of more
than four hundred species, American and foreign.
Aside from the careful work of Lea, Troschel, and Pelseneer, little
has been done in the way of studying the anatomy of the Naiades. The
soft parts of a good many foreign species have been examined, and
descriptions published which do not describe. Authors have gone into
details of the color of the organs and of insignificant characters, but
have paid no attention to really important points.
In my paper on The Classitication and Geographical Distribution
of the Pearly Fresh-water Mussels,' I placed a great variety of forms
under the generic name Unio. Since that time additional knowledge,
gained largely from a study of the soft parts, has led me to the belief
that it would be best to dismember this genus somewhat as the old
group Helix has been dismembered by Pilsbry. Ordinarily the soft
parts of most of the Unionide show but slight differential characters,
but at the time when the ovules pass down into the gills a most remark-
able change in those organs generally takes place. In the Anodonta
edentula of Say, short, horizontal ovisacs are developed, which run
directly across the animal, and which at maturity break through the
outer walls of the outer gills and pass with their young eutire into the
water. In the forms typitied by Unio anodontoides the young are con-
tained only in very distinct vertical or oblique ovisacs in the hinder
part of the outer gills; in Unio crassidens, pictorum, and the like, the
embryos fill the entire outer gills, forming thick, smooth pads; in Unio
metanevrus, trigonus, multiplicatus, and allied forms, they occupy all
four of the branchie throughout. In Unio phaseolus the smooth outer
1Proe. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1896, pp. 295-343.
504 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. xx.
gills begin to be crimped as they are being filled with embryos, until
when full, they become a series of marvelous folds. In U. irroratus
several ovisacs in the center of the outer gills grow out to a great
length, become filled with young, and are closely coiled. In U. cor-
nutus a few central ovisacs develop so as to project below in a long,
straight flap. In all the South American and Australian Unios, so far
as is known, the inner gills alone, as a rule, are filled with young, and
this is probably the case with the species of the Ethiopian region and
most of those of southeastern Asia. After the young have passed out
into the water the gills of all the species change back into their ordi-
nary condition, and when not gravid there is great similarity in those
of most of the species formerly classed as Unios.
These peculiar evanescent characters, assumed when the gills are
transformed into marsupia, seem to be quite constant, and I believe
they can be used as a basis for the foundation of genera. When these
are once discovered and understood it will be found, on careful exami-
nation, that there are minor shell characters that correspond with those
of the marsupia, and which help us in placing certain forms of whose
anatomy we know but little. Thus the principal shell characters of
such species as Unio trigonus, metanevrus, and plicatus are much like
those of U. gibbosus, crassidens, and buckleyi. But in the former set
all four gills will be found to be filled with young in the gravid female,
while in the latter only the outer ones are full. And the former have
generally shorter, solider, more inflated shells and deep beak cavittes,
while the latter have longer, lighter shells, which have shallow beak
cavities. In Anodonta edentula the ovisacs are short and run across
the gills; in the very similar looking A. /erwssaciana the outer gills are
filled with oblique ovisacs, and the inner have (at least in some cases)
more or less ovules. The beak sculpture of these two species is very
different.
From the earliest period in which the Naiades have been studied to
the present time it has been claimed by some that the sexes were sepa-
rate, by others that the animais were hermaphroditic. Recent careful
studies by such men as Sterki, Taylor, Kelly, and others appear to
demonstrate that in the more highly organized Unionidée (those which
have two forms of shells, and have the ovisaes in the hinder part of
the outer gills) the sexes are always separate. In the more simply
organized Unionide (those with but one form of shell and with the
embryos occupying the entire gill) the sexes may or may not be
separate.
Further study has shown me that the provinces established in
the paper I have quoted hold good as there laid down. There is evi-
dently a very close relationship between many of the unionoid forms of
southeastern Asia and tropical Africa. So close is this relation that —
the two regions might be united if it were not for the fact that a large
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moses, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON, 505
number of forms are found in each of them that are not at all closely
related to any of those of the other.
These regions may be tabulated as follows:
AREAS OF THE NAIAD REGIONS.!
Hurope.
: Northern and Western Asia.
PLGeIReUIG sesaee North Africa to the Desert.
Pacific drainage of North America.
Ethiopian ....... Africa, south of the Sahara.
Oriental ........./ASia, south of the Himalayas.
\East Indies to the Solomon Islands.
Australia.
Australian ..-_... \ Tasmania. .
lNew Zealand. Part of New Guinea.
Neotropical .- -.-- South America.
(Cental America.
Central American, Mexico, east of the Cordillera.
lictribes
Entire Mississippi Valley and the Guif drainage from west Florida
to the Rio Grande.
Mississippian ----; Mackenzie River system.
[zea River of the North.
Great Lakes. 5
GER coe jLower St. Lawrence and rivers of eastern Canada.
Atlantic drainage of the United States.
I have hesitated long before placing a considerable number of the
species of Southeastern Asia in and near North American genera. I had
hoped to be able to examine the soft parts of a number of these Oriental
forms, but have been disappointed, and as nothing is known of the
anatomy of most of them I have been compelled to classify by shell
characters alone. It is certain that the beak sculpture of a large num-
ber of Naiades of this area is essentially concentric, and not zigzag
radial, as it is in most of the furms of the Oriental region. The shell
characters of the ponderous Chinese Uniones are certainly much like
those of Quadrula in the form, the teeth, the beak sculpture, and
especially the deep, compressed beak cavities. A great number of fossil
forms from the Tertiary strata of Asia and Hastern Europe seem to
show the closest relationship to the American Quadrulas. Hyriopsis,
~Cristaria, Chamberlainia, and Pilsbryoconcha seem to be related by
shell characters to the alate forms of Lampsilis, and even the strange
Pseudospatha of Africa would appear to belong here.
I recognize about one thousand species and 82 varieties of Unionide,
having reduced tothe synonymy a great many names that most authors
have believed to stand for valid species. Of these, 533 species and 55
varieties belong in North America and 101 in South America. The
list contains 117 species of Mutelide and 11 varieties, and of these 80
‘For map of Naiad Regions see plate.
506
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
VOL. XXII.
species are South American.
The following list shows the number of —
species in each genus and the distribution of the genera:
19
ice.)
bo
THe
UNIONIDZ’
Truncilla, United States.
3 varieties.
Micromya, United States.
|
8 varieties.
Lampsilis, North America.
Pseudospatha, Tropical Africa.
Hyriopsis, Eastern Asia.
Chamberlainia, Southeastern Asia.
Cristaria, Eastern Asia.
Lepidodesma, Eastern Asia.
Pilsbryoconcha, Southeastern Asia.
Medionidus, United States.
Nephronaias, Mexico, Central Amer-
ica, Cuba.
Glebula, United States.
Obovaria, United States.
1 variety.
Plagiola, North America.
Tritogonia, United States.
1 variety.
Cyprogeniay United States.
1 variety.
Obliquaria, United States.
Ptychobranchus, United States.
Strophitus, North America.
1 variety.
Anodonta, North America, Eastern |
Asia, Palearctic. |
8 varieties.
Colletopterum, Southeastern Europe. Is
Gabillotia, Asia Minor.
1 variety. |
Leguminaia, Southern Europe, Asia
Minor.
1 variety. |
Lastena, United States.
Solenaia, Eastern Asia.
Gonidea, United States.
Anodontoides, North America.
2 varieties.
Pegias, United States.
Arcidens, United States.
Symphynota, North America.
1 variety.
Alasmidonta, North America.
Hemilastena, United States. |
6
| 145
Ol RH bo
Ot
bo Ot bo YO
—
ol
CO ee
Margaritana, Circumboreal.
Unio, North America, Palearctic.
13 varieties.
Pleurobema, United States.
1 variety.
Quadrula, North America, Hastern
Asia.
12 varieties.
Schistodesma, Eastern Asia.
Gibbosula, Eastern Asia.
Cuneopsis, Eastern Asia.
Nodularia, Eastern Asia, Asia Minor,
Tropical Africa.
6 varieties. :
Harmandia, Southeastern Asia.
Physunio, Southeastern Asia.
Dalliella, Southeastern Asia.
Grandidieria, Tropical Africa.
Pseudodon, Eastern Asia.
1 variety.
Parreysia, Southeastern Asia, Tropi-
cal Africa.
8 varieties.
Ptychorhynchus, Eastern Asia.
1 variety.
Virgus, Southeastern Asia.
Ctenodesma, Southeastern Asia.
Rectidens, Southeastern Asia.
Lamellidens, Southeastern
Tropical Africa.
5 varieties.
Trapezoideus, Southeastern Asia.
1 variety.
Arconaia, Eastern Asia.
Pseudavicula, Tropical Africa.
Arcidopsis, Southeastern Asia.
Tetraplodon, South America.
1 variety.
Castalina, South America.
Callonaia, South America.
Hyria, South America.
Prisodon, South America.
Diplodon, South America, Austral-
asia, South Africa,
6 varieties.
Asia,
MUTELID.
Spatha, Tropical Africa.
3 varieties.
Mutela, Tropical Africa.
OU bo
4
Chelidonopsis, Tropical Africa.
Brazzea, Tropical Africa.
Pleiodon, Tropical A frica.
Bro. 20s. _ SYNOPSIS OF THE NAITADES—SIMPSON. 507
_ 10 Monocondylea, South America. 53 Glabaris, South America.
_ 4 Stheringella, South America. 8 varieties.
_. 2 Fossula, South America. 8 Mycetopoda, South Ameriea.
3 Leila, South America.
Total: 61 genera of Unionide; 11 genera of Mutelidie.
I am inclined to believe with von Ihering that the primitive beak
sculpture of the Unionid was radial, and in two species of Unios from
what are believed to be Triassic or Permian strata of the Staked Plains
of Texas,' which are probably the oldest forms known, the beaks clearly
show strictly radial sculpture. Four other species trom the same lot
are not in condition to exhibit this character.
Now I take this to belong to the simplest, earliest, and most lowly
organized form of unionoid life. I believe that the earlier Unios had
the young contained in the inner branchiv alone, that there has been
a gradual development from these primitive forms with simple, dull-
colored, smooth shells, those of the male and female being alike, with
radially sculptured beaks, the Hndobranchs, up to the highest forms of
to-day, with concentric, doubly looped beak sculpture, with highly
painted shells, in which those of the male and female are very different,
with the young contained in distinctly marked ovisaes in the hinder
part of the outer gills alone, the Hxvobranchs.
The data for following these developments and the migrations of the
Naiades are meager so far as fossil materiai is concerned. But, fortu-
nately, while among the higher orders of life genera and even families
appear, develop, grow old, and become extinct in a single geological
age, the Unionide have held on unbroken from the Triassic or prob-
ably an earlier geological age until now, and while there has been slow
progress in the development of higher characters the primitive forms
have not died out. I know of no important type of the family among
the fossil species that may not be found somewhere to-day among the
living ones. They seem to have migrated to a certain region, made a
slight advance over the characters of their predecessors, aud to have
continued down with but little change until to-day. When a new
mInigration was made the same thing was enacted again.
If the Unionide originated in North America during the Triassic or
Some earlier period we may suppose that some members of the family
mInigrated into South America during that or at a later period. All the
species of that family in South America have radial beak sculpture
(except Callonaia and Prisodon, in which the beaks seem to be smooth),
and the young are contained in the inner gills alone, so far as we know.
In some cases this sculpture is strictly radial; more often we find the
central or all the bars curving a little toward each other below, and
one or two of the middle pairs coalescing, the first move toward concen-
tric beak sculpture. By an old,now partly submerged land bridge in the
Antarctic region it is probable that a migration took place from South
1Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X VIII, 1896, pp. 381-385.
508 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
America to New Zealand and Australia, and slight changes in the way of
progress are shown there. The beak sculpture is still radial, but the bars
are decidedly curved toward each other below; they become slightly
broken or nodulous, and each set is generally removed from the other a
little, so that a space in the middle of the young shell issmooth. The
young are contained in the inner gills, though Suter reports a few in
the outer gills of one or two species and in all these Southern Hemi-
sphere forms the shell has a dull color, and is nearly or quite rayless.
Another migration took place to Southeastern Asia, and from there
there was another to tropical Africa, possibly from Southern India
over an old but now lost landway. In the forms of this region the
beak sculpture becomes irregularly and variously zigzag radial, the
surface is nodulous in many cases, and the shell is often bright colored
and painted. Some of the recent species, such as Unio crispisulcatus,
show nearly strict radial sculpture all over the shells; others which
I have placed in the genus Lamellidens have almost such sculpture as
is seen in the beaks of the Australian forms. In others the sculpture
becomes slightly nodulous. Reasoning from analogy, and the few
gravid specimens I have examined of these forms with the zigzagged
beak sculpture, I presume that they all carry the young in the inner
gills, though it is quite probable that some of them may have them in
all four gills, and this would be a step in an upward direction. Some
of these Asiatic and African forms with zigzag sculpture are quite
short, inflated, and solid, and, in general, show characters strongly
allied to those of our heavy Mississippi Valley forms (the latter of
which I placein Quadrula), the various members of the genus Parreysia,
for example. ;
It is quite probable that from such forms the genus Quadrula sprung;
that it developed in Asiatic streams, where it still seems to be repre-
sented. In the Tertiary strata of eastern Europe and in parts of
Asia this genus seems to be abundantly represented. It is a little dif-
ficult to say from some of the living Asiatic forms whether the beak
sculpture should be called sharply, doubly looped, or zigzag radial,
and the same thing may almost be said of some of our North American
forms. There probably existed at that period an old land way across
from northeastern Asia to northwestern North America, and one which
lasted a long time, or it may have been submerged and then reappeared
again, for through long ages this has apparently been a highway for
migrating Unionide. I think it not unlikely that the immediate progeni-
tors of the magnificent and diversified series of Uniones found fossil in
the Laramie beds came over from Asia among the earlier migrations;
for it is a significant fact that among the Uniones of the Laramie for-
mation in the United States we have a number of species which in general
form closely resemble these recent Asiatic Parreysias, and that their
beak sculpture is decidedly zigzag radial, just as it 1s to-day in these
oriental forms. Associated with these Laramie species are others in
No. 1205, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAITADES—SIMPSON. 509
which the beak seulpture is somewhat concentric and of a peculiar
pattern seldom found among living Uniones, the ridges being nearly
straight below and sharply pointed behind in a chevron-shaped pattern.
I take it that the next step of progress was the development of the
genus Pleurobema, or forms which are nearly allied to it; though the
strange, smooth, elongated, wedge-shaped Cuneopsis, with its remarka-
bly deep beak cavities and often distorted shells, and the eurious
Gibbosula seem like Quadrulas making an effort to shape their shells
something like those of Unio. In Plewrobema the shell is solid and
rather triangular, the beaks are high and typically well forward, the
beak sculpture is broken, but most nearly concentric, the beak cavities .
are shallow, and the young occupy only the outer branchie. There are
great numbers of species I should refer to this or closely allied genera
in the oriental tertiaries, and many of them are knobbed. To-day the
genus is confined to the Mississippi Valley and the northern drainage
of the Gulf of Mexico, and all the species are smooth except P. wsopus
and P. varicosa, which I place in the genus with some hesitation.
This genus has an immense development in the waters of the Ten-
nessee drainage, becoming less abundant as we advance northward,
until in the Ohio River and its tributaries only three species are found,
Pleurobema clava Lamarck, P. varicosa Lea, and P. wsopus Green. In
the Tennessee and Cumberland systems all the species except the two
last mentioned belong to the group typified by P. clava. In the Ala-
bama River drainage and a few adjacent streams emptying into the
Gulf there is a great development of this genus, but none of the species
belong to the clava group. Now, if the genus migrated into the Ten-
nessee system from the northwest, and it seems quite probable that it
did, its presence in the Alabama River system would seem to prove the
theory entertained by some geologists that the Tennessee formerly
emptied into the Gulf, flowing down into what is now the Coosa River
and into the Alabama. Additional proof of this is found in the fact
that quite a number of the common Mississippi Valley species, such as
Unio tuberculatus Barnes, U. rectus Lamarck, U. trigonus Lea, U.
anodontoides Lea, U. ebenus Lea, and others are met with in the
Tennessee, the Coosa, and the Alabama River systems, and Unio con-
radicus and U. cumberlandianus, Tennessee River forms, occur in the
Alabama system. That this southern outflow of the Tennessee ceased
a long time ago is shown by the fact that in the Alabama drainage all
the northern species of Uniones have a peculiar aspect, and several
entire groups of Pleurobema have developed, which are distinet from
anything found in the Tennessee.
It is probable that the true Unios and their allies were next developed,
with simple oval to elongated shells, and moderate beaks showing
quite a variety of sculpture. It is generally concentric, being inclined
to follow the growth lines, but sometimes the ridges are broken, and
again they are somewhat doubly looped. The young occupy the outer
510 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII
gills only, forming a pad-like marsupium. The genus is now found
throughout a large part of the Palearctic region and North America
generally, excepting the Pacific drainage. The Unios of what seems to
bethe Gibbosus group are abundant in the Tertiary of eastern Europe.
Unio davilai from Roumania is almost exactly like U. gibbosus, a recent
species of the Mississippi Valley, and there were species no doubt closely
allied in the Tertiary of the western United States. There were forms
in Eastern Europe which seemed to connect Unio and Pleuwrobema, some
of which were like P. clava and formed a connecting link with Quadrula.
There were Quadrulas showing relationship with our Q. trigona, rubi-
ginosa, pustulosa, pyramidata, and other forms. Psilunio craviovensis
looks much like our Plewrobema wsopus and there are other striking
examples of old forms resembling recent ones.
Now, in Quadrula, Unio, Alasmidonta, and some of the other allied
genera we not unfrequently see species or specimens which have the
ordinary concentric or doubly looped beak sculpture, and in addition to
this a number of fine, regularly radiating ridges in front or behind, or
sometimes at each end of the ordinary sculpture, an atavistic develop-
ment, probably. In some groups this character is quite constant; in
others it is only occasionally seen. I have never noticed it in any of the
higher genera in which the male and female shells are different.
Up to this point the male and female shells had been essentially alike,
and the ovisacks were not distinctly outlined, but formed smooth pads,
the marsupium occupying practically the whole gill. In the American
waters probably, a great change now began to take place in some of the
Unionide. The ovisacs of many forms became distinctly marked out
by a deep sulcus; a constriction developed in some instances around
near the base of the marsupium, inside and out, so that the lower end
of the ovisacs resembled little bulbs, and these were often filled with
pigment of a different color from the rest of the ovisac. Ptychobran-
chus, with its folded marsupium, may have developed from Unio;
Cyprogenia and Obliquaria, with their narroy, central marsupia, and
Dromus, in which it is hung all around the outer gills in short, distinet
ovisacs, would seem to have descended from Quadrula by their shell
characters. Inallof these the shells of males and females are essentially
alike. In Medionidus there is sometimes quite a well-marked swelling
at the central or post-basal part of the female shell which is absent in
the male, but sometimes it is impossible to separate the shells of the
two sexes. The marsupium consists of irregular ovisacs just behind
or almost at the center of the outer gills. Inthe strange Tritogonia the
female shell differs remarkably from that of the male, having developed
a broad, posterior wing, filled with a flap of the mantle, while that of
the male is swollen, and truneate behind. Of the marsupia of this
strange form I know nothing. Oboraria, with short, solid, full shells,
sometimes having a slight post-basal inflation in those of the female,
and Plagiola, with triangular shells, often showing the distinction
between male and female, recall to some extent Quadrula in shell ehar-
acters, but have the marsupia in the hinder part of the outer gills
alone. The ovisacs are distinct, and there is a sulcus below, and this
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 511
is the highest type of a branchial uterus. Lampsilis is a step farther
on, with oval to elongated shells, generally highly colored, with, as a
rule, a decided post-basal swelling of that of the female, without (in
most cases) a strong post ridge, and the beak sculpture consists of
rather numerous, delicate bars, Seed in two distinct (anterior and
posterior) loops.
Throughout the entire Mississippi Valley, a portion of the Atlantic
drainage, in most of the streams flowing into the Gulf of Mexico, in east-
ern Mexico, and Central America there is found an extensive group of
Uniones for which I have used the name Proptera of Rafinesque. Nearly
all the shells are more or less dorsally winged, the beak sculpture is
feeble, the epidermis is dull, the teeth are often imperfect, and they have
a row of dorsal scars running obliquely downward and forward. The
nacre generally is some shade of purple, and though the female shell
may Show a decided post inflation,it may be wanting. The ovisacs
are usually fine and numerous, and are placed in the posterior ends of
the outer gills. I have given this group subgeneric rank under Lamp-
silis. Now,it would seem probable that North America was the field
in which these remarkable developments in the character of the Union-
ide had taken place, for I know of no fossil species elsewhere showing
any of these higher characters. If, as I have elsewhere suggested,
there is a relationship between Proptera and the Cristarias, Hyriopsis,
Pilsbryoconcha, Chamberlainia, and Pseudospatha of the Old World,
then I should think it likely they, or their progenitors, had migrated
thence from North America some time during the early or middle ter-
tiaries. It is possible that the Cristarias, Hyriopsis, and the like, or
closely related but now extinct groups, may have originated in ori-
ental waters, and that the Propteras, and the typical Lampsilis, may be
their offspring.
Truncilla marks the highest development of Naiad life, and may
be taken to be the latest. Its shells are smooth and generally highly
painted, the beak sculpture is fine and doubly looped, the hinge teeth
are well developed. The post-basal area is very distinctly marked out
and developed in the female. In most cases the shell of this part in
the female is thin, of a different texture from the rest, often radially
ridged, and decidedly toothed on its edge. There is usually a surpris-
ing difference in the shape of the shells of male and female aside from
this, so much so that one would never suppose that they belonged to
the same species, unless he traced the growth back to the young shells,
_which are quite alike in the different sexes. The marsupium is like a
large kidney, very full, and totally different in appearance when
gravid from the rest of the gill. It appears to be protected by a great
flap which grows out from the mantle covering it, which is here double.
The genus exhibits a great variety of form, so much so that several
good subgeneric groups seem well marked out, and we must believe it
has been in existence for some time.
Much of the foregoing may be mere conjecture; much is undoubt-
edly founded on fact. I believe that the living forms of the Unionide
show a gradual development from the simplest, lowest, and earliest
512 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
types up to the highest, most recent, and most complicated, and stand
as a sort of index to the progress of the family in the past.
LT have not been able to study the Mutelide as carefully as I have the
Unionide. All the species are foreign, and while I have seen the soft
parts of a few South American forms, I have never had the opportunity
to examine the anatomy of a single African species. I Lave not been
able, from what knowledge I have obtained, to discover any consider-
able anatomical or conchological differences between the Mutelid genera
of Africa and South America which might be used to separate the
family into subfamilies.
- [ have treated the families of the Unionidee and Mutelidee together in.
this work because they bave both been classed as Naiades. But the
remarkable differences in the embryos, that of the former family being
a glochidium with a bivalve shell inclosing the soft parts, and that of
the latter a lasidium divided into three segments with a single shell
on its middle section, and the shells of the one family having schizo-
dont teeth, while those of the other have taxodont teeth, seem to show
that the two great groups are not very nearly related.
Instudying the Naiades I have been greatly perplexed on accountof the
unsatisfactory and confused condition of much of the literature. Harlyin
this century Rafinesque collected the Unionide extensively in Kentucky
and published a large number of genera, minor groups, and species.
It is probable that there will always be differences of opinion with
regard to his work, just as there have been in the past. His figures are
more like those made by children, or the caricatures drawn by aboriginal
tribes, than the creations of an intelligent naturalist, and the deserip-
tions are too brief in many cases to give any clear idea of the species.
The work in the continuation of his monograph is even worse than that
in the body of the paper, and tribes, genera, and subgenera are mingled
in bewildering confusion, and all these are placed under two great genera,
It is impossible in many cases to tell what his meaning is. I have care-
fully gone over his so-called types in the Academy of Natural Sciences
in Philadelphia, making notes and sketches, and stating the names
by which they are commonly known. Four times, separated by long
intervals, I have studied his original descriptions, with specimens of
the same species as these so-called types, in an attempt to determine
his species, each time writing down my conclusions, and I believe that
quite a number of his species will have to stand. There can be no doubt
whatever that many of his so-called types are not types at all, as they
do not fit the descriptions by any stretch of imagination.
In applying generic, subgeneric, and sectional names | have used
those which have been previously applied wherever it has been possible
to do so by the process of elimination, in order that no claim of priority
might be urged for them.
A most unfortunate dispute arose among our earlier conchologists in
regard to priority of names, one in which a great deal of ill feeling
was displayed. I have endeavored wherever it was possible to ascer-
tain the exact date of publication of these disputed names and to
credit the species to the earliest described. In some cases it has been
~ No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 513
impossible to tell which of two names appeared first, and in such cases
I haveused that which seemed to be best known.
Many of the species of Lamarck stand on about the same foundation
as those of Rafinesque, having only a brief description and no fig-
ures. Dr. Lea on at least two occasions went over the types of most
of Lamarck’s species and has published his conclusions in the Obser-
vations, and I am obliged to abide by his decisions, never having seen
the types myself.
One of the most perplexing problems has been the work done by
European conchologists, and especially by the so-called new school of
France. Previous to 1870, the date of issuance of Lea’s last edition of
the synopsis, thousands of names had been applied to the few species
of Europe. But this work was conservative and reasonable compared
with that of the new school since then. I have devoted much time
and study to this fauna and its literature. To me it seems that
there are not more than eighteen or twenty species of Unionidie found
in Europe, judging by the same standards I have applied to species
elsewhere. Nearly all the authors seem to be more or less at sea as to
certain forms of this area, and the reasons for this are probably their
want of striking characters and their extreme variability. Unio picto-
rum, tumidus, elongatulus, and platyrhynchoideus have been often taken
for each other. Margaritana margaritifera has repeatedly been mis-
taken for the very similar looking M. crassa, and each of these has been
hopelessly confused with Unio batavus.
I have endeavored to consider names applied before 1870 in my
synonymy. I have made no effort to do this with those applied by
authors to the forms of Europe since that time, as I do not believe that
any new species of Unio, Margaritana, Anodonta, or Leguminaia have
been found there in the last thirty years. The genus Colletopterwm (1881)
is a doubtful one and is very likely only an mutation of the excessively
variable Anodonta cygnea. In 1892 Arnould Locard, one of the great
lights of the new school, stated that there were 208 species of Unios
and 250 Anodontas in France alone.!
Life is too short and valuable to be wasted in any attempt at
deciphering such nonsense, and I have not even cumbered the pages
of this work with a list of these new species. Those interested can find
them in the works of Westerlund and Kobelt.
In cases where the new school has worked on the fauna of Africa or
_ Asia, I have done the best I could to straighten out the synonymy.
I have not attempted to make any analytical key to genera and other
groups, because [ do not believe that it is possible to construct a key
that will be of any real service to the student. At least four-fifths of
the shells of the Naiades have the beaks so eroded that it is impossible
to form any idea of what their sculpture is like, and the soft parts are
inaccessible to the average student and collector. These are both vital
characters that must be used in classification. The general arrange-
ment of the groups down to genera is shown in the following table:
‘Aun. Soc. Ag. Hist. Nat. Lyon, 1892, p. 55.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 3d
Hinge with schizodont teeth; embryo a glochidium.
uv
Family Unionide.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
Beak sculpture concentric; embryos in outer or all four of the gills.
(Exobranchiw.)
a
Subfamily Unionine.
a
Ovisacs distinetly marked out by a sulcus.
———————— Olle SS ——>—__-_ -_- __ —_
Ovisacs not separated by a sulcus.
Male and female shells alike.
a ee et eee!
’ Male and female shells different.
SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA OF NAIADES.
Truncilla Rafinesque.
_Micromya Agassiz.
Lampsilis Rafinesque.
| Pseudospatha Simpson.
Hyriopsis Conrad.
Chamberlainia Simpson,
Female shell inflated at base in¢ Cristaria Schumacher.
front of posteriorridge; marsupium Lepidodesma Simpson.
| (Heterogene. ) é
| in hinder part of outer gills. Pilsbryoconcha Simpson.
|
(
Medionidus Simpson.
Nephronaias Crosse and Fischer,
Glebula Conrad.
Obovaria Rafinesque.
Plagiola Rafinesque,
(Digene.)
Female shell inflated behind,
; 4 Tritogonia Agassiz.
above posterior ridge.
(Mesogene.) (
el Cyprogenia Agassiz.
Marsupium a few ovisacs in they Obliquaria Rafinesque.
center of outer gills. L
(Ptychogene.)
Marsupium occupying the whole Ptychobranchus Simpson.
outer gills in a series of folds. ;
(Eschatigene. )
Marsupium occupying the outer Dromus Simpson.
border of outer gills.
(Diagene.)
Ovisaes filling the outer gills, Strophitus Rafinesque.
running crosswise.
Colletopterum Bourguignat.
Gabillotia Servain.
Leguminaia Conrad.
Lastena Rafinesque.
Solenaia Conrad.
Gonidea Conrad.
Anodontoides Simpson.
Marsupium filling the entire | ?egias Simpson.
outer gills and forming smooth | 4”cidens Simpson.
pads. | Symphynota Lea.
A | Alasmidonta Say.
Hemilastena Agassiz.
Margaritana Schumacher.
Unio Retzius.
| Pleurobema Rafinesque.
| Anodonta Bruguiere.
(Homogene. ) |
(LOG aes) Quadrula Rafinesque.
Marsupium filling al) four gills, } Schistodesma Simpson.
forming smooth pads; beak cavi- | Gibbosula Simpson.
(ties deep. Cuneopsis Simpson.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 515
Nodularia Conrad.
Harmandia Rochebrune.
Grandidieria Bourguignat.
Physunio Simpson.
| Dalliella Simpson.
| Pseudodon Gould.
(Rosanorhamphus. ) Parreysia Conrad.
Ptychorhynchus Simpson.
Virgus Simpson.
Ctenodesma Simpson.
Rectidens Simpson.
Lamellidens Simpson.
Trapezoideus Simpson.
Arconaia Conrad.
Pseudavicula Simpson.
| Arcidopsis Simpson,
—
; embryo a
Beak sculpture generally zigzag-¢
| radial; epidermis often bright.
family Hyrian. Beak sculpture radial; male and female
shells alike; marsupium filling the inner gills. (Zndobranchiw.)
ae
glochidiwm.
nol
{ Tetraplodon Spix.
| Castalina von Thering.
| Castaliella Simpson.
Beak sculpture radial, often curved; } Callonaia Simpson.
shell dull colored. Hyria Lamarck.
Prisodon Schumacher.
Diplodon Spix.
(Lamphorhamphus. )
Family Unionide. Hinge with schizodont teeth
—————
Sub
——
{ Spatha Lea.
Mutela Scopoli.
1 Chelidonopsis Ancey.
Brazzea Bourguignat.
Pleiodon Conrad.
Monocondylwa @Orbigny.
Theringella Pilsbry.
| Fossula Lea.
Glabaris Gray.
Leila Gray.
| Mycetopoda @Orbigny.
Hinge teeth taxodont; male and female shells /
alike; embryo a rages.
Penny Mutelide.
In the preparation of this work I have received uniform courtesy and
kindness from students and collectors generally. I am under especial
obligations to Mr. Edgar A. Smith, of the British Museum, for exam-
ining and reporting on the original manuscript of Solander, and to Mr.
H. A. Pilsbry, of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia;
Mr. A. G. Wetherby, of Magnetic City, North Carolina; Dr. H. von
Ihering, Museo Paulista, San Paulo, Brazil; and Mr. H. Suter, Christ
Church, New Zealand, for repeated assistance and advice. Mr. L. E.
Daniels, of La Porte, Indiana; Mrs. George Andrews, of Knoxville,
Tennessee; Hon. J. D. Mitchell, of Victoria, Texas; Mr. Berlin H.
Wright, of Penn Yan, New York; Mr. Bryant Walker, of Detroit,
Michigan; Dr. W.S. Strode, of Lewistown, Illinois; Mr. H. M. Kelly, of
Mount Vernon, Iowa; Mr. William Moss, of Ashton-under-Lyne, Eng-
land; and many others have contributed valuable material for study.
SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT OF THE NAIADES,
Family UNIONID 2.
Shell nacreous, with a thick epidermis; beaks usually sculptured,
often showing the remains of the nuclear shell; ligament opisthodetic;
hinge with or without teeth, though with vestiges of them in every
genus; when present schizodont and arranged as pseudocardinals and
laterals; palleal line usually simple; prismatic border ordinarily narrow.
Animal with labial palpi almost always wider than long; anal opening
usually separated from the superanal; embryo a glochidium, the soft
parts being inclosed in a bivalve shell, and borne in the inner or outer
or all four leaves of the branchie.
Subfamily UNIONIN A, Swainson, 184.0. (Hixobranchiz.)
Shell having essentially concentric beak sculpture.
Animal with labial palpi somewhat drawn out, projecting posteriorly ;
embryos borne in the outer or in all four gills.
HETERO GE WN A=:
Male and female shells different, the latter inflated in the post-basal
region; beak sculpture usually doubly looped; embryos contained in
ovisacs separated by a sulcus and occupying the hinder part of the
outer gills.
Genus TRUNCILLA Rafinesque, 1819.
(Type, Truncilla triqueter Ratinesque. )
Truncilla RAFINESQUE, J. de Phys., Chimie, Hist. Nat., LX XXVIII, 1819, p. 427.
Shell rounded or oval, solid, inflated, generally smooth and rayed,
with delicate beak sculpture which has a tendency to be doubly looped,
that of the female having a very decided inflation in the post-basal
region, which is thinner than the rest of the shell, of different texture,
often toothed, and usually radiately sculptured; laterals double in
each valve, the inner in the right valve smaller. Animal generally
having the inner gills united to the abdominal sac; female with a
heavy flap of the mantle which fills the post-basal swelling of the
shell, and which has an inner ridge inside at some distance above
the edge; marsupium very distinct, occupying the swollen part of the
shell.
516
:
)
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON, Duleg
Subgenus TRUNCILLA Rafinesque, 1819.
Shell covered with broken rays, somewhat triangular, and without a
wide, radiate, posterior furrow.
(Group of Truncilla triquetra.)
Shell greatly inflated, sharply truncate posteriorly; inflation of the
female shell at extreme post-basal point.
't TRUNCILLA TRIQUETRA Rafinesque.
2* Truncilla triqueter RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. Brux., XIII, 1820, p. 300, pl.
LXXXI, figs. 1-4.—*CuHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., III, 1845, p. 15, pl. 11, tig.
1.—*Aq@assiz, Arch. fiir. Naturg., I, 1852, p. 44.
Unio triqueter SHoRT and Earon, Transylvania J1.,.1831, p. 79.—*Say, Am.
Conch., VI, 1834.—* ConraD, New F.W. Shells, 1834, p.72.—* Fprussac, Guer.
Mag., 1835, p. 27.—*Say, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 259.—* H. and A.
ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,
p. 170.
* Unio triangularis BARNES, Am. Jl. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 272, pl. xu, fig. 17.—* H1L-
DRETH, Am. Jl. Sci., X, 1828, p. 287, fig. —*Say, Am. Conch., No. 1, 1830, pl.
Iv.—SHORT and EATON, Transylvania J1., 1831, p. 78.—* DESHAYES, An. sans
Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p.554; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 674.—* REEVE, Conch. Syst., I,
1841, p. 118, pl. Lx xxx, fig. 9.—*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 183; *Biv. Shells,
1845, p. 183.—* CarLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64.—* CuENU, Bib.
Conch., Ist ser., III, 1845, p. 10, pl. 1, figs. 4, 4b; *Man., IT, 1859, p. 137, fig.
662.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxvu, fig. 340.—* CaLkIns, Pr.
Ottawa Acad.. Nat. Sci., 1874, p. 45.
*Mya triangularis Haton, Zool. Text Book, 1826, p. 221.
*Margarita (Unio) triangularis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 18; 1838, p. 16.
*Margaron (Unio) triangularis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 23; 1870, p. 36.
*Unio cuneatus SwWAINSON, Phil. Mag., 1823, p. 112.
*Unioformosus LEA, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1834, p. 111, pl. xvi, fig. 41; *Obs. I,
1834, p. 121, pl. xv1, fig. 41.—*CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, pl. v111, figs. 12, 12a, -
12b; *Man., 1859, II, p. 188, fig. 664.
Ohio River drainage; western New York to southern Michigan;
Iowa; eastern Nebraska to Indian Territory.
(Group of Truncilla brevidens.)
Shell somewhat quadrate, not sharply truncate behind; post-basal
swelling of female in front of post-basal point and rounded below.
} TRUNCILLA BREVIDENS Lea.
Unio brevidens Lua, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1834, p. 75, pl. 1v, fig. 6; *Obs. I,
1834, p. 85, pl. v1, fig.6.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 198; * Biv. Shells, 1843,
p. 198, pl. xx, fig. 41.—* CatTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 56.—
*“H. and A. ADAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—* CuEnvw. II11., Conch.,
1858, pl. vill, figs, 6, 6a, 6b.—* PasTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 146.
*Margarita (Unio) brevidens LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 29; 1838, p. 21.
*Margaron (Unio) brevidens LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p. 50.
‘A ¢ placed before a species indicates that the type, or what are believed to be
authentic specimens have been examined by the writer.
2An * in front of a reference indicates that it has been verified.
518 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
*Unio interruptus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p.69.—* Say, Am. Conch., VI,
1834.—* ConrabD, Monog., X, 1838, p. 88, pl. xtvur; *Pr. Ac. N. Sei., Phila.,
VI, 1853, p. 250.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 182, pl. tvn, fig.3;
pl. Lx, fig. 2.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. x1v, fig. 56.
*Truncilla interrupta AGAssiZ, Arch. fiir Naturg., I, 1852, p. 44.
Tennessee drainage.
+TRUNCILLA PENITA Conrad.
“Unio penitus CONRAD, New F.W. Shells, 1834, pp. 33, 70, pl. v, fig. 1.—* FeRussac,
Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* M6LLER, Syn. Noy. Gen., 1836, p. 203.—* HANLEY,
Test. Moll., 1842, p. 183; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 183.—*CaTLow and REEVE,
Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 62.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., IIT, 1845, p. 18, p]. 11,
fig. 9.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., VI, 1853, p. 254.—* H. and A. Apams,
Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* RrEEve, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xrv,
fig. 55.—* PZ TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 162.
*Margarita (Unio) penitus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 19; 1838, p. 16.
*Margaron ( Unio) penitus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 36.
“Unio compactus LEA, Proc.Ac. N. Sei. Phila., II, 1859, p. 154; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1859, p.218, pl. xx vin, fig. 98; *Obs. VII, 1859, p. 36, pl. xx vu, fig. 98.
*“Margaron (Unio) compactus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 36.
Alabama and Tombigbee river drainage.
+ TRUNCILLA MODICELLA Lea.
*Unio modicellus Lea, Pr. Ac. Phila., III, 1859, p. 171; *J1. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., IV,
1860, p. 347, pl. Lvu, fig.172; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 29, pl. Lvu, fig. 172.—* B. H.
Wricut, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) modicellus' Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 41.
Connasaugua and Chattanooga rivers, northwest Georgia.
The following species? are unfigured and indeterminate:
Truncilla (Unio) perplecus Rafinesque.
Truncilla granulatus Rafinesque.
Unio (Truncilla) metaplata Rafinesque.
tTRUNCILLA LENIOR Lea.
*Unio lenis Lua, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 286.?
*Unio lenior Lea., Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIL, 18438, p. 204, pl. x11, fig. 18; *Obs., II,
1842, p. 42, pl. xu, fig. 18.—*Conrab, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251.—
*CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xxvui, figs. 4, 4a, 4b.—*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen.
Rec. Moil., II, 1857, p. 492.—*REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xvi, fig.
75.—*P&TEL, Conch. Sam., ILI, 1890, p. 157.
*Margaron (Unio) lenior La, Syn., 1852, p. 39; 1870, p. 62.
Stone River, Tennessee; near Woodville, Alabama.
‘Four specimens of this species are in the U. 8. National Museum collection, from
the Connasauga River, Georgia, three of which are males, with a form something
like that of 7. penita; the fourth is a young female, which distinctly shows a
vadiately ridged post-basal swelling.
?These are in continuation of Monography, 1831, p. 4.
3Lea changed his name lenis to lenior, probably because Conrad had previously
used the former for a species of Unio, which is no doubt a young ventricosus.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON, 519
+TRUNCILLA METASTRIATA Conrad.
* Unio metastriatus CONRAD, Mon., XII, 1840, p. 104, pl. Lvu, fig. 2.
Black Warrior River and Woodville, Alabama.
(Group of Trunecilla arceformis.)
Shell greatly inflated, with a sharp posterior ridge, and two lesser
ridges above it; inflation of the female flattened on its base.
t+TRUNCILLA ARCAEFORMIS Lea.
*Unio arceformis LEA, ‘Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1851, p. 116, pl. xvun, fig. 44; *Obs., I,
1834, p. 126, pl. xv, fig. 44.—* ANTON, Verz. der Conch., 1839, p. 14.:—
DEsHAYES, Tr. Element, Conch., 1839, p. 18, pl. xxIx, fig. 6.—*HANLEY, Test.
Moll., 1842, p. 182; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 182, pl. xx11, fig. 40.—*CatTLow and
REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.55.—*DESHAYES, Traité Element., II, 1853, pl.
XXIV, fig 6.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—*CuENuv,
Ill. Coneh., 1858, pl. x11, figs. 3, 3a, 3b.—*REEVE, Conch. Jcon., XVI, 1864, pl.
XIV, fig. 57.
*Margarita (Unio) arceformis LBA, Syn., 1836, p. 18; 1838, p. 16.
Margaron (Unio) arceformis Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 23; 1870, p. 36.
*Truncilla arceformis AGassiz, Arch. fiir Naturg, I, 1852, p. 44.
Unio nexus Say, Transylvania Jl., 1V, 1831, p. 527; *Say, Am. Conch., Pt. 6, 1834,
pl. 11.2—*ConraD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70.—*FERussAc, Guer. Mag.,
1835, p. 28.—*ConraD, Monog., VIII, 1837, p. 68, pl. xxx vill, fig. 1.—*KUSTER,
Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p. 69, pl. xvu, fig. 2.—*ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VI, 1853, p. 252.—*Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 60.
Tennessee and Cumberland river systems.
Subgenus SCALENARIA (Rafinesque, 1820) Agassiz.
(Type, Unio sulcatus Lea. )
Male shell having a wide, radiating, shallow depression in front of
the posterior ridge; that of the female having a small, rounded, well-
defined, radial post-basal swelling. Animal with marsupium occupy-
ing the greater part of the outer branchie; mantle enlarged below;
branchial opening, with few papille.
(Group of Truncilla sulcata.)
Shell elliptical, beaks high and well forward, male shell not radiately
striated posteriorly.
1This may be 7. triquetra.
2 According to Binney, Unio nexus was first published in December, 1831, (Bib. N.
Am. Conch., I, p. 266), and Scudder states that the fourth volume of the Transac-
tions, containing Lea’s description of Unis arceformis, was published at the latter
end of 1831, and acknowledged by correspondents as received that year (Bib. of pub-
lications of Lea, 1885, p.3). As I am not able to say which has precedence, I prefer
retaining the well-known name of Lea rather than that of Say, which is less known.
520 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
tTRUNCILLA SULCATA Lea.
* Unio sulcatus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., III, 1830, p, 430, pl. vii, fig. 2.—*Say,
Am. Conch., No. 1, 1830, pl. v.—SuHorr and Eavron, Transylvania J1., 1831,
p. 75.—*LEA Obs., I, 1834, p. 44, pl. vu, fig. 12.—*Hanurey, Test. Moll., 1842,
p. 188; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 188.—*CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III, 1845, p.
11, pl.1, figs. 5, 5a.—*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.64.—*CHENU,
Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. x11, figs. 3, 3a, 3).—*H. and A. ApDams, Gen. Rec. Moll.,
II, 1857, p. "196. —*REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. x1v, fig. 60. Beam,
Gonek: Sam., ILi, 1890, p. 169.
* Margarita (Unio) sulcatus LHA, Syn., 1836, p. 22; 1838, p. 18.
* Margaron (Unio) sulcatus Lua, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 40.
*Unio sulcata DESHAYES, An. sans Vert, 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 548; 3d ed., II, 1839,
p. 672. :
Unio ridibundus Say, New Harm. Diss., II, 1829, p.308; *Am. Conch., I, 1830, pl.
v.—SHortT and Eaton, Transylvania Jl., 1851, p. 75.—*Conrap, New
F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 71.—*CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III, 1845, p. 11, pl.1,
fig. 6.—*KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 276, pl. xctl, fig. 2.—* REEVE,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl xv, fig. 63.
*Unio obliquatus Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—*Conrab, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p.
70.—*KustTER, Conch. Cab., 1862, p. 274, pl. xem, fig. 3.—*AGassiz, Arch. fiir
Naturg., I, 1852, p. 43.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 253.
*Unio gibbosus var. perobliquus CONRAD, Monog., VI, 1836, p. 50, pl. xxvil, fig. 2.
Unio perobliquus CONRAD, Cover of Monog., VIII, 1837.
*Unio pectitus CoNnRaD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 255; Jl. Ac. N. Sei.
Phila., 1854, p. 297, pl. xxvu1, fig. 4.
TRUNCILLA SULCATA var. DELICATA Simpson.!
Ohio River drainage; the variety in the Detroit River and southern
- Michigan.
(Group of Truncilla haysiana.)
Shell shining, round-oval; posterior part of both male and female
distinctly radially sculptured.
+TRUNCILLA HAYSIANA Lea.
*Unio haysianus Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1833, p. 35, pl. m1, fig. 7; *Obs., I, 1834,
p. 147, pl. 111, fig. 7.—*HANLEY Test. Moll., 1842, p. 188; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p.
188.—*CaTLOW and REEVE, Concent None ‘1845, p.59.—*ConrabD, Pr. Ac. N.
Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250.—*KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 209, pl. Lx1x,
fig. 4.—*H.and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moli., II, 1857, p. 495. —*REEVE, Conch.
Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xv, fig. 62.—*P#TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 154.
*Margarita (Unio) haysianus Lra, Syn. 1836, p. 22; 1838, p. 18.
*Margaron (Unio) haysianus Lua, Syn. 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 41.
*“Scalenaria haysiana AGassiz, Arch. fiir Naturg. I, 1852, p. 48.
* Unio sowerbyanus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1839, p. 68, pl. x, fig. 28;2 *Obs. I,
1834, p. 180, pl. x, fig. 28.—* FERussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p..29.—* ConkaD,
'Mr. Bryant Walker has sent me specimens of a form which I refer to this species
that are smaller and in every way more delicate. I propose the above varietal
name for it.
*Male of T. haysiana. Unio haysianus and U. sowerbyanus were published in the
same paper, the former having precedence.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 521
Monog., VIII, 1837, p. 66, pl. xxxvu1, fig. 1.—* HANEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.
185; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 185.—* Cartow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.
64.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p.62, pl. x1v, fig. 3.—* Conran, Pr,
Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257.—* H. and A. ADaMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II,
_ 1857, p.496.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xIv, fig. 58.—* PaTEL,
Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 168.
*Margarita (Unio) sowerbyanus LEA, Syn. 1836, p. 20; 1838, p.17.
*Margaron (Unio) sowerbyanus Lra, Syn. 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 38.
Tennessee and Cumberland river systems.
+TRUNCILLA OTHCALOOGENSIS Lea.
“Unio othcaloogensis Lua, Proc. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 32; Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., LV, 1858, p. 74, pl. xiv, fig. 54; Obs. VI, 1858, p. 75, pl. xiv, fig. 54.
*Margaron (Unio) othealoogensis LEA, Syn. 1870, p. 38.
Othcalooga Creek, Gordon County, Georgia.
Subgenus DYSNOMIA Agassiz. 1852.
(Type, Unio foliatus Hildreth.)
Shell of the male with a posterior and central radiating ridge, with
a wide, flattened space between; that of the female with a greatly pro-
duced inflation, which is but little behind the center of the base, it
being a continuation of the central ridge. Animal with mantle beauti-
fully maculate on its border; female animal unknown.
+t TRUNCILLA FOLIATA Hildreth.
*Unio foliatus HILDRETH, Am. Jl. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 284, fig. 16.—* Conrap, New
IF. W. Shells, 1834, p. 69.—* Frrussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27.—* HANLEY,
Test. Moll., 1842, p. 176; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 176.—* CatLow and REEVE,
Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 59.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.
497.—* CHENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 143, fig. 705.—* HARPER, L. and F. W. Shells
of Cinti., p. 4.
*Margarita (Unio) foliatus Lea, Syn. 1836, p. 13; 1838, p. 14.
*Margaron (Unio) foliatus Lea, Syn. 1852, p. 20; 1870, p. 30.
* Unio flecuosus CONRAD, Monog. I, 1835, p. 8, pl. rv, fig. 2.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab.
Unio, 1852, pp. 46, 211, pl. 1x, fig. 2; Lxx, fig. 1.—*Conrap, Pr. Ac. N.
Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 249.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. v1, fig. 22;
Xa ML On Oo.
*Dysnomia flecuosa AGASSIZ, Arch. fiir Naturg. I, 1852, p. 43.
Ohio River drainage.
+TRUNCILLA STEWARDSONI Lea.
“Unio stewardsoni Lra, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 278, pl. xx111, fig. 36; * Obs.
V, 1852, p. 34, pl. xxim, fig. 36.—*Conrap, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI,
1853, p. 258.—* H. and A. ADams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 498.—* REEVE,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xv, fig. 66.—* Pa&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,
p. 168. ;
*Margaron (Unio) stewardsoni Lea, Syn. 1852, p. 20; 1870, p. 38.
Tennessee River.
'T have seen only the type of this species, apparently a young female, which is a
reddish buff-colored, shining shell, somewhat more elongated than 7. haysiana, but
which probably groups with it.
522 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XX.
Subgenus PILEA Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Unio personatus Say.)
Male shell with a wide, shallow, radiating depression in front of
the posterior ridge, that of the female with a rounded, foliaceous
swelling at the posterior base. Animal with post basal flap of mantle of
female very heavy; ovisacs not extending to the top of the marsupium.
(Group of Truncilla personata.)
Shell inflated, rather solid, nearly as high as long; female not having
a central depression, post basal swelling smail.
+ TRUNCILLA PERSONATA Say.
Unio personatus Say, New Harm. Diss. IT, No. 20, 1829, p. 309.—* Ferussac,
Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28.—* CONRAD, Monee V, 1836, p. 47, pl. xx1v.—* Han-
LEY, Test. iron 1842, p. 202; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 262.—* CaTLow and
REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 62.— * KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 48,
pl. x, fig. 1.—* Conran, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 254.—* H. and A.
ApAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—* REEVk, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864,
pl. xv, fig. 64.—* P@TeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 116.
* Margarita (Unio) personatus Lra, Syn. 1836, p. 33; 1838, p. 23.
* Margaron (Unio) personatus LEA, Syn. 1852, p. 85; 1870, p. 38.
*Scalenaria personata AGASSIZ, feon fiir Naturg. I, 1852, p. 43.
*Unio pileus Lea, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1834, p. 119, pl. xvii, fig. 47.—* Con-
RAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 71.—* Lea, Obs. I, 1834, p. 129, pl. x vu, fig.
47.—* Frrussac,- Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28,—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.
185; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 185.—*CatTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.
62.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xv, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.— HL, and A. oat Gen.
Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xv, fig. 64.—
* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 163.
*Margarita (Unio) pileus Lea, Syn. 1836, p. 20; 1838, p. 17.
*Margaron (Unio) pileus Lua, Syn. 1852, p. 24.
*Unio capillaris Lea, Tran, Am. Phil. Soce., V, 1834, p. 29, pl. uy, fig. 2; * Obs. I, 1834,
p. 141, pl. 11, fig. 2.—* FERUSSAC, Gnen. Mag., 1835, p. 29.
Ohio River drainage. Fare.
(Group of Truncilla perpiexa.)
Shell of the male with median and posterior radiating ridges, both of
which are usually somewhat nodose; postbasal expansion of the female
rounded, large, thin, placed far back.
t TRUNCILLA PERPLEXA Lea.!
*Unio perplexcus Lea, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 112, pl. xv, fig. 42; * Obs.
T, 1834, p. 122, pl. xvi, fig. 42.—* HANLrEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 181; * Biv.
Shells, 1843, p. 181, pl. x x11, fig. 39.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845,
p. 62.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496.—* CHENU, III.
Conch., 1858, pl. XVIII, figs. 5, 5a, 5d.
* Margarita (Unio) perplexus LEA, Syn. 1836, p.17; 18388, p. 16.
1Lea’s species was published, according to Scudder (Bibliography of Isaac Lea,
p. 3), in the latter part of 1831. Rafinesque published a species, “Truncilla, Unio
perplexus,” in the Continuation of a Monograph in October, 1831, which I can not
identify. I do not know which name appeared first, but I think it best to retain
the well-known and properly described name of Dr. Lea.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 523
* Margaron (Unio) Pas LEa, aon, 1852 2, p. 1.23: 1870, p. BL,
* Unio gibbosus FERUSSAC, Guer. ae 1835, p. 27.—ConraD, Monog. VI, 1836, p.
50, pl. xxvui, fig.1.—REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. x1, fig. 41, 41a, 41d.
*Dysnomia gibbosa AGassiz, Arch. fiir Nat., I, 1852, p. 43.
*Unio gibbosus, Raf. v. perplecus P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 153.
*Unio torulosus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 72; * Proc. Acad. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 259. -
*Unio obliquus Porimz and MIcHauD, Gall. Moll., 1844, p. 153, pl. Lv, figs. 3, 4.
+TRUNCILLA PERPLEXA var. RANGIANA Lea.
*Unio rangianus Lea, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1839, p. 95, pl. xvitt, fig. 563}
* Obs., II, 1838, p. 95, pl. XVI, fig. 56.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839,
p. 237.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 187; ~ Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 187, pl. xx1,
fig. 48.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 63.—* Conrap, Pr. Ac.
Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 256.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., JI, 1857,
-p. 495.—* CHENU., Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. XXIV, figs. 5, 54, 5b.—* KuUSTER, Conch.
Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 257, p]. LXxxxvui, fig. 1; LXXXIX, fig. 1.—* REEVE, Conch.
Teon., XVI, 1864, pl. xiv, fig. 54.—* P&TeEL, Conon: Sam., III, 1890, p. 164.
* Margar ita (Unio) rangianus LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 18.
* Margaron (Unio) rangianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 40.
* Unio gubernaculum REEVE, Goueln Teon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxvin, fig. 146.—P TEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 154.
+TRUNCILLA PERPLEXA var. CINCINNATIENSIS Lea.
*Unio cincinnatiensis LEA, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 285; *Tr. Am. Phil.
Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 194, pl. vir, fig. 4; *Obs., IIT, 1842, p. 32, pl. vim, fig. 4.—
*CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 246.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen.
Rec. Moll., IJ, 1857, p. 497.—* CHENU., Il].Conch., 1858, pl. xxx, figs. 3, 3a, 3b.—
* PATEL Gana Sam., III, 1890, p. 148.
* Margaron ( ™nio) cincinnatiensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 33.
*Unio phillipsii REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. rv, fig. 15.
Ohio River drainage; southern Michigan? The variety rangianus
to south Michigan.
t+TRUNCILLA SAMPSONII Lea.
*Unio sampsoniti Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1861, p. 392; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., V, 1862, p. 192, pl. xxv, fig. 261; *Obs., IX, 1863, p. 14, pl. xxv, fig.
261; Syn., 1870, p. 40.
Wabash River; Tennessee?
+t TRUNCILLA PROPINQUA Lea.
*Onio propinquus Lr, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p. 83; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
V, 1862, p. 63, pl. v, fig. 212; *~Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 67, pl. v, fig. 212.—* Sow-
ERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXXIXx, fig. 417.—* P#1TEL, Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 164.
*Margaron ( Unio.) propinquus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 54.
Tennessee and Cumberland river drainage.
1Dr. Lea claims that the animal of this form is lighter colored than that of per-
plexus, and quotes Mr. Clark, of Cincinnati, who states that this is known there as
the White Mouth. The shells seem to absolutely biend together, and I have
observed a wide range of color in the animals of a number of species of the genus.
524 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
tTRUNCILLA BIEMARGINATA Lea.
* Unio biemarginatus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p.83; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VI, 1866, p. 47, pl. xvi, fig. 45; *Obs., XI, 1867, p.51, pl. xvi, fig. 45.
*Margaron (Unio) biemarginatus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 38.
Tennessee River drainage.
+ TRUNCILLA CAPSA2FORMIS Lea.
* Unio capseformis Lra, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1834, p.31, pl. 11, fig. 4; *Obs., I, p.
143, pl. 1, fig. 4.—* ConraD, Monog., VIII, 1837, p. 72, pl. XL, fig. 2.—* FrRus-
Sac, Guer. Mag., 1839, p. 29.—* Haney, Test. Moll., 1842, p.191, *Biv. Shells,
1843, p. 19, pl. XxJ, fig. 5.—* CarLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.57.—
*ICusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 42, pl. vi, fig. 5.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac.
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 246.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857,
p. 493.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xvu, figs. 79, 79a, 79).—
*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 190, p. 147.
*Margarita (Unio) capseformis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 24; 1838, p. 19.
*Margaron (Unio) capseformis Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 42.
Tennessee River drainage.
+ TRUNCILLA FLORENTINA Lea.
* Unio florentinus Lwa, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1857, p.83; *J1l. Ac. N. Sei. Phila.,
V, 1862, p. 64, pl. v, fig. 213; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 68, pl. v, fig. 213.—* B. H.
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) florentinus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 42.
* Unio turgidulus La, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IL, 1858, p.40; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
V, 1862, p. 62, pl. v, fig. 211; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 66, pl. v, fig. 211.—* RERVE,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xvu, fig. 80.—* PasrEex, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p.
170.
* Margaron (Unio) turgidulus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 42.
* Unio nua KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 218, pl. Lx xi, fig. 2.
* Unio sacculus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xv, fig. 67.—* ANTHONY, Am.
Je Conch. 1) 1865; pp. ToT pla xan, tio. 3"
* Unio saccatus KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 263, pl. LXXxIX, fig. 2.—* P&HTEL,
Conch. Sai., III, 1890, p. 166.
Tennessee River drainage; Cumberland River.
+ TRUNCILLA DEVIATA Reeve.
* Unio deviatus' REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xv, fig. 61.—*ANTHONY, Am.
Jl. Conch., 1, 1865, p. 156, pl. x1, fig. 2.—* B. H. WrieHr, Check List, 1888,—
P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 150.
* Margaron (Unio) deviatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 42.
Cumberland and Tennessee rivers.
Genus MICROMYA (Agassiz, 1852) Simpson.
(Type, Unio fabalis Lea.)
Micromya AGassiz, Arch. fiir Nat., 1852, p. 57.
Shell triangular oval, solid, dark, feebly rayed with undulating lines;
beak sculpture almost wanting, consisting of a few feeble, doubly-looped
‘Reeve credits this name to Anthony’s manuscript in Museum Cuming.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 525
ridges; hinge teeth heavy, laterals club-shaped and truncated poste-
riorly; post-basal swelling of the female distinct and often rather
abrupt, sometimes somewhat irregularly radially ridged, the shell of
this part being rather thin.
Animal with mantle fringed below, maculate on the border, which is
greatly thickened at the post-basal part in the female and developed
into a flap, with a distinct, toothed ridge inside; marsupium occupying
the posterior part of the outer branchiz in numerous distinctly marked
ovisacs; inner gills free from abdominal sac in part.
(Group of Micromya fabalis.)
Shell small, with faint undulate rays, inflated area of female scarcely
radiately striated.
+t MICROMYA FABALIS Lea.
* Unio fabalis,! La, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 86, pl. x, fig.6; *Obs., I, 1834, p.
96, pl. x, fig. 16.—* FeRussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll.,
1842, p. 196; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 196.—* CaTLowand REEVE, Conch. Nom.,
1845, p. 59; *H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—* CHENu,
Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. v1, figs. 1, la, 1b.—* SoweERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866,
Jol Soro yay ner, WEI.
* Margarita (Unio) fabalis LEA, Syn., 1886, p. 28; 1858, p. 20.
* Margaron (Unio) fabalis Lma, Syn., 1852, p.31; 1870, p. 49.
Unio capillus Say, Transylvania Journ., IV, 1831, p. 528. ZA
*Unio lapillus Say, Am. Conch., V, 1832, pl. xr; VI, 1834, No. 49.—*Conrap, New,
EF. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70.; *~ Monog., VI, 1836, p. 54, pl. xxx, fig. 12.—* CHENU,
Bib. Conch., Ist ser. III, 1845, p.52, pl. xiv, figs. 1, la, 1b.—* Kuster, Conch.
Cab., 1848, p. 53, pl. x1, fig.3.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p.
251.—* B. H. WricutT, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p.
156.
Ohio River drainage; Rouge River, near Detroit, Michigan; New York.
(Group of Micromya celata.)
Shell triangular ovate, with alow, rounded posterior ridge; male and
female shells distinctly wrinkled behind.
tMICROMYA CZ®LATA Conrad.
*Unio celatus CONRAD, Am. Jl. Sci. and Arts, XXV, 1834, p. 338, pl. 1, fig. 1;
New, F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 29, pl. 111, fig. 4, p. 68.—* FERussac, Guer. Mag.,
1835, p. 29.—* MGLLER, Syn. Noy. Gen., 1836, p. 199.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll.,
1842, p.175; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 175.—* CuENv, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III,
1845, p. 16, pl. 111, fig. 3.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 56.—
*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.—* REEVE, Conch.
‘According to Scudder the volume of the Transactions containing this species
appeared in the latter part of 1831, and was acknowedged by correspondents as
- received that year. Say published his U. capillus in the Transylvania Journal for
December, 1831, and in the American Conchlogy changed it to lapillus. It is proba-
ble that Lea’s name was published first.
526 PROCHEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. ©
Icon., XVI, 164, pl. 11, fig. 7.—*B H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—~ P2TEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 147.
* Margarita (Unio) celatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 12; 1838, p. 14.
* Margaron (Unio) celatus L¥A, Syn., 1852, p. 20; 1870, p. 20.
Tennessee River drainage; cited from Michigan by Sager and Miles,
certainly in error. They might have mistaken for this a rather high
specimen of fabalis.
Genus LAMPSILIS Rafinesque, 1820.
(Type, Unio ovatus Say.)
Lampsilis RAFINESQUE, Aun. Gen. Sci. Phys. Brux., 1820, p. 298.
Shell oval to elliptical, smooth or slightly concentrically sculptured,
usually without a posterior ridge; epidermis generally smooth and shin-
ing, often brilliantly rayed; beak sculpture, for the most part, consist-
ing of fine, parallel ridges, which show a tendency to fall into an ante-
rior and posterior loop; hinge with one or two pseudocardinals and
one lateral in the right valve, and two pseudocardinals and two lat-
erals in the left; female shell having a moderate and gradual inflation
in the post-ventral region opposite the marsupium. Animal with the
inner gills usually attached nearly or quite their entire length to the
abdominal sac; marsupium occupying the hinder part of the outer gills;
ovisacs distinct, separated by sulci, rounded below, having a fold near
their bases, the whole projecting below the inner gills; mantle edge
double and thickened, often swollen behind into a sort of flap in the
female.
Section LAMPSILIS Rafinesque.
(Type, Unio ovatus Say.)
Shell inflated, rather thin, shining, sometimes having a posterior
ridge; beak sculpture coarse, consisting of a few, more or less, parallel
ridges, which scarcely fallinto loops. Animal having the mantle of the
female usually toothed and thickened on the post-basal portion, which
develops into a large, curious flap when the gills are filled with ova.
-+LAMPSILIS VENTRICOSUS Barnes.
* Unio ventricosus BARNES, Am. Jl. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 267, pl. x1, fig. 14 (outline).—
*Say, Am. Conch., No. IV, 1832, pl. xxx11.—* FERuSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p.
26.—*C. B. Apams, Thompson’s History of Vermont, 1842, p. 167; F. W.
and L. S. of Vermont, 1842, p. 17.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 189; * Biv.
Shells, 1843, p. 189, pl. xx1v, fig. 8.—* DE Kay, Zool. of N. Y., Pt. 6, 1843, p.
190.—* CHENu, Bib. Conch., 1st ser. III, 1845, p. 45, pl. xu, figs. 1, 2.—* H.
and A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll., IT, 1857, pp. 492, 495.—* SowErRBY, Conch. Icon.,
XVI, 1866, pl. x11, fig. 235.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.
* Mya ventricosus EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 221.
* Margarita (Unio) ventricosus LBA, Syn., 1836, p. 23; 1838, p. 18.
* Margaron (Unio) ventricosus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 41.
* Lampsilis ventricosus BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 94, pl. X11, figs. 3-5.—
*Smiru, Bull, U.S. Fish Com., 1899, p. 291, pl. LXXXIM.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAITADES—SIMPSON. 527
* Lampsilis ventricosa STIMPSON, Shells of N. Eng., 1851, p. 14.
* Unio radiatus HILDRETH, Am. J1. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 286.
Unio occidens Lra, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., III, 1829, p. 435, pl. x, fig. 16.—Snorv and
EaToNn, Transylvania J1., 1831, p.78.—* Lea, Obs., I, 1834, p. 49, pl. x, fig. 16.—
*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.189; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 189.—* CarLow and
RrxEvk, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 62.—* Kustmr, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 170,
pl. 11, figs. 1, 2.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xm, figs. 5, 5a,5b.—*H. and
: A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—* CaLkins, Pr. Ottawa Acad. Sci.,
1874, p. 44.—* LATCHFORD, Tr. Ottawa Field. Nat. Club, 1882, p.51.—* B. H.
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. ;
* Margarita (Unio) occidens LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 23; 1838, p. 18.
- * Margaron (Unio) oecidens Lma, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 41.1
* Unio subovatus Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 118, pl. xvu, fig. 46;2
* Obs., I, 1834, p. 128, pl. xvi, fig. 46.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 184;
* Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 184, pl. xx, fig. 43.—*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch.
Nom., 1845, p. 64." CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. x11, figs. 6, 6a, 6b.—* H.
and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496.—* SowerBy, Conch. Ieon.,
XVI, 1866, pl. Xxx1I, fig. 163; 1868, pl. Lxxxv, fig. 456.—*B. H. Wriaut,
Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 168.
_* Margarita ( Unio) subovatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 19; 1838, p.17.
* Margaron (Unio)subovatus Lra, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 37.
*Unio cardium CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 68.2—Say. Am. Conch., VI,
1834.—ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 246.—KusrrEr, Conch. Cab.
Unio, 1856, p. 169, pl. L, figs. 1-4.
* Unio cardium Raf. v. occidens PHTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 174.
* Unio cardium Raf. v. ventricosus P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 147.
* Unio fasciolus, FERusSAC, Guer. Mag. 1835, p. 26.
* Unio ovata, DESHAYES, An. sans. Vert., 3d ed. 1839, p. 669.
*Unio ovatus KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 55, pl. x11, fig. 1.
*Unio lenis CONRAD, Monog., XII, 1840, p. 106, pl. Lv, fig. 2.4
*Unio canadensis Lea, Proc. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p.85;° *Jl. Ac. Nat. Sci.
Phila., LV, 1860, p. 268, pl. xiv, fig. 148; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 86, pl. xxtv, fig.
148.—B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) canadensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 37.
*Unio dolabreformis SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pl. LIx, p. 298.
*Unio latissimus SOWERBY ?, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXV1, fig. 337.
TLAMPSILIS VENTRICOSUS var. SATUR Lea.
“Unio satur LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc.,V., 1852, p. 25256 Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852,
p. 205, pl. x vil, fig. 19; *Obs., V, 1852, p. 21, pl. xvit, fig. 19.—*ConraD, Pr. Ac.
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p.257.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857,
‘Lea says this is so close to U. ventricosus that it would be well to unite them.
Foot note in Synopsis, 1870, p. 41.
>This is, | am sure, a fine male U. ventricosus Barnes. Dr. Lea is inclined to this
opinion in a footnote on p. 118 of the Transactions.
‘Conrad refers this species to Rafinesque. From the latter author’s figure and
description of Lampsilis cardium it is evident that it is a member of the ventricosus
group, but whether it is the U. ventricosus of Barnes, the U. capax of Green, or some
other species, [am unable to determine. Conrad and some other authors believe it to
be Barnes’s species.
4 The type in the Philadelphia Academy is a young U. ventricosus.
° The type is a diseased individual, and is probably a compressed male ventricosus.
° J believe this to be merely a rather delicate, dark-colored variety of ventricosus,
which inhabits the southwestern part of the Mississippi drainage.
528 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
p. 496.—* CuENu, Man., 1859, II, p. 138, fig. 666.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon.,
XVI, 1868, pl. xcu, fig. 501.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEt,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 166.
* Margaron (Unio) satur Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 37.
Entire Mississippi drainage; St. Lawrence system; Nelson River and
tributaries; the variety satur in the Southwest to the Sabine River,
Texas.
+LAMPSILIS EXCAVATUS Lea.
* Unio excavatus Lma, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p.32; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1858, p. 71, pl. x11, fig. 52; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 71, pl. x11, fig. 52.—*CHENU,
Man., 1859, II, p. 138, fig. 665.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxx,
VII, p. 403.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., ITI,
1890, p. 152.
*Margaron (Unio) excavatus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 37.
*? Unio ovatus SAY var. ornatus CONRAD, Monog., I, 1835, p. 4.!
*Unio ornatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. Xxx1, fig. 162.—*B. H.
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.
Tombigbee and Alabama river drainage.
+ LAMPSILIS BINOMINATUS Simpson.?
* Unio lineatus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 287; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soe.,VIIT, |
1842, p. 206, pl. x11, fig. 20; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 44, pl. xu, fig. 20.—* Conran,
Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll.
II, 1857, p. 497.—* CuENnu, Il]. Conch., 1858, pl. xxviut, figs. 1, la, 16.—
* KuSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 278, pl. xcrv, fig. 1.—* SOWERBY, Conch.
Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lx1, fig. 309.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888,—
* PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 157.
* Margaron (Unio) lineatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 41.
Chattahoochee and Flint rivers, Georgia.
t LAMPSILIS CARIOSUS Say.
Unio cariosus Say, Nich. Encye., II, 1816, pl. 111, fig. 2.2—SnHorr and Eaton
Transylvania Jl. 1831, p.70.—* Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—*Conrab, New
F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 68.—* FERussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26.—* CONRAD,
Monog. IV, 1836. p. 40, pl. x1x.—* GOULD, Inv. of Mass., 1841, p. 111, fig. 72.—
* BINNEY, Inv. of Mass., 1870, p. 172, fig. 475.—* REEVE, Conch. Syst., I, 1841, p.
119, pl. LXXXxIx, fig. 10.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 190.—* DE Kay, Zool.
of N. Y., Pt.5, 1843, p. 193, pl. Xx1, figs. 243, 244.4—* HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1843,
p. 190, pl. xx, fig. 22.—*CaTLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 57.—
*KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 24, pl. 1, figs. 2, 3.—*~ ConraD, Pr. Ac.
N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1835, p.246.—* DEwny, Ninth Rep. N. Y. State Cab., 1856,
p.35.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—* SowERBy,
1Tt is hard to tell just what this is, as Conrad does not figure or describe it. He
states that while it is probably excavatus it is not certainly so, and he does not think
it wise to displace Lea’s properly described and figured species for it.
2 Lea’s name was preoccupied by Valenciennes (Encyc. Meth., II, 1827, p. 151, pl.
COXLVIU, fig. 5) for what is probably U.radiatus. I change it to binominatus.
3 The first edition of Nicholson’s Encyclopedia is dated 1816, fide W. G. Binney,
Bib. N. Am.Conch., I, 1863, p. 25, and by Lea, Synopsis, 4th ed., pp. 154, 159.
4The figures are very probably taken from U. ventricosus.
NO, 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAL ADE Ss SIMPSON. 529
Gonche ‘Teas, XVI, 1867, val LVIIl, Be ORO VAL a Hn and MICHENER,
Conch. Cest., 187 74, p. 38, fig. 1838.—* LaTrcurorD, Tr. Ottawa Field Nat. Club,
1882, p. 51.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 147.—* Simpson, Nautilus VITI, 1895, p. 122, 2 figures.!
*Margarita (Unio) cariosus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 23; 1838, p. 18.
Margaron (Unio) cariosus LEA, Syn., 1852, p.27; 1870, p. 42.
* Unio cariosa LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 80.—* DEsHayns, An. sars
Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 545; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 671.
* Mya cariosa EATON, Zool. Text Book, 1826, p. 218.
* Lampsilis cariosa STIMPSON, Shells of N. Eng., 1851, p. 14.
* Unio ovatus var. b. LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 75.
* Unio ovata VALENCIENNES, Rec. Obs. Zool. Anat., II, 1833, p. 226, pl. 1, figs. 1,
Gi, ID, Ike;
* Unio viridis FERUsSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27.
* Unio oratus CONRAD, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1V, 1849, p. 301; * Pr. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., IV, 1849, p. 153; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1850, p. 276, pl.xxxvui; fig.
6; Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 254.
Atlantic drainage from Georgia to the lower St. Lawrence.’
+LAMPSILIS ALTILIS Conrad.
*Unio altilis CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 43, pl. 1, fig. 1, and p. 68.—
*FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p.
207.—* HaNLeEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 190; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 190.—* CaTtLow
and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 55.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III, 1845,
p. 21, pl. 1, fig. 1.—*ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 244.—* H.
and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List,
1888.—* P@& TEL, Conch. Sam., TH, 1890, p. 144.
ienGeERe (Unio) altilis LEa, ca 1836, p. 24; 1838, p. 19.
*Margaron ( Unio) altilis LEA., Sone 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 42.
Alabama River drainage; Little Red River, Clinton, Arkansas?
tLAMPSILIS DOLABRA=FORMIS Lea.
*Unio dolabreformis Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 103, pl. xxrv, fig. 113;
*Obs., II, 1838, p. 103, pl. xx1v, fig. 113.—* TRoscHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V,
1839, II, p. 237.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 189; * Biv. Shells., 1843, p.
189, pl. xxi, fig. 47.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58.—
* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248.—* CuHENu, Il. Conch., 1858,
pl. Xx1ul, figs. 6, 6a, 6b.—* H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—
* KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 170, pl. Lu, figs. 1, 2.—* B. H.Wrieut, Check
List, 1888.—* Pate, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 151.
*Margarita (Unio) dolabreformis Lia, Syn., 1838, p. 18.
*Margaron (Unio) dolabrwformis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 41.
Savannah, Ogeechee, and Altamaha rivers, Georgia.
+ LAMPSILIS CAPAX Green.
*Unio capax GREEN, Cab. Nat. Hist., II, 1832, p. 290.—*Conrap, New F. W.
Shells, 1834, p. 68.—* FERussaAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26.—* ConRAD, Monog.,
IX, 1837, p. 75, pl. xiir.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, pp. 21, 65, pl.
Xv, fig. 3.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245.—* H. and A.
- By an error the Reine ai hes species and U, eelna aceus were changed.
?Thespecimens referred to this species that are often reported from the Mississippi
drainage are no doubt L. ventricosus.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 34
530 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—* SowErRBy, Conch. Icon., XVI,
1866, pl. Lu, fig. 274.—* CALKINS, Pr. Ottawa Ac. Nat. Sci., 1874, p. 41.—* B. H.
WriGHT, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 147.
* Ma,sgaron (Unio) capax LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 42.
* Lampsilis capax Smiru, Bull. U.S. Fish Com., 1899, p. 291, pl. LXxxty.
* Symphynota globosa LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1832, p. 41, pl. Iv, fig. 12; *Obs.,
I, 1834, p. 153, pl. Iv, fig. 12.—* Frrussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25.
* Margarita ( Unio) globosa Lra, Syn., 1836, p. 23.
* Unio globosus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 188; “Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 189.—
*CaTLOw and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 59. ;
* Margarita (Unio) globosus LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 18.
Lower Ohio River drainage; southwest to St. Francis River, Arkan-
sas; north to eastern Iowa; Elkhorn and Blue rivers, Nebraska?
(Aughey). Abundant locally.
+LAMPSILIS OVATUS Say.!
Unio ovatus Say, Nich. Encye., II, 1816, pl. 11, fig. 7.—* Lamarck, An. sans
Vert., VI, 1819, p. 75.—* HILDRETH, Am. Jl. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 287.—SHORT
and EaTon Trans. J1., 1831, p. 78.—* Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—* Conran,
New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70; *Monog. I, 1835, p. 4, pl. 11.—* FERussac, Guer.
Mag., 1835, p. 26. —* HANLEy, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 184; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p.
184.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.62.—* KusTmrR, Conch. Cab.
Unio, 1852, p. 22, pl. m1, fig. 2.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p.
254.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* SowERBY, Conch.
Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. Xxx1, fig. 164.—* B. H. Wrient, Check List, 1888,—
* PamtTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 162.
* Margarita (Unio) ovatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p.19; 1838, p. 17.
*Margaron (Unio) ovatus, LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 37.
* Unio ovata LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p.75.—* Stark, Nat. Hist., II, 1828,
p. 90.—?* VALENCIENNES, Coq. Marines, Biv.,!1833, pl. L, figs. 1, la, 1b, 1le.—
*DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 538; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 669.
*Lampsilis ovata RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. Brux., V, 1820, p. 298.
*Mya ovata EaTON, Zool. Text Book, 1826, p. 218.
* Aglia ovata SWAINSON, Treat. on, Mal., 1840, p. 266, fig. 49.
Ohio River drainage.
+LAMPSILIS OCHRACEUS Say.
Unio ochraceus Say, Nich. Encye., 1816, pl. 11, fig. 8.—* CONRAD, New F. W. Shells,
1834, p. 70.—* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25.—* Conrab, Monog., IV, 1836,
p. 37, pl. Xvi1l, fig. 2.—* GOULD, Inv. Mass., 1841, p. 112, fig. 74; 1870, p. 173, fig.
476.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 190; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 190, pl. xx, fig.
48?—* DE Kay, Zool. of N. Y., Pt. 5, 1843, p. 193, pl. Lx1x, figs. 237, 238.—
*CaTLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.62.—*Conrap, Pr. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 254.—* KustTEr, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 163, pl. xLvm,
fig. 1.—* H. and A. ApDams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—* Sowmrsy,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lx111, fig. 317.—* HARTMAN and MICHENER, Conch.
Cest., 1874, p. 39, fig. 184.—* B. H.WriGutT, Check List, 1888.— PaTEL, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 161.—* Simpson, Nautilus, VIII, 1895, p. 122, fig.2
*Margaron ( Unio) ochraceus LEA, Syn., 1852, p.27; 1870, p. 42.
*Mya ochracea EATON, Zool. Text Book, 1826, p. 218.
1The name ovatus was used for Unio tumidus Retz, by Lister, Donovan, and others,
but as it was called a Mya and the generic name Unio was never used with it, Say’s
name can stand for this species.
2 The figure given for this species, by an error of the printer, is a female cariosus.
Fen ect,
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 531
* Symphynota ochracea LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., II], 1830, p. 455; “Obs. I, 1834, p. 69.
* Margarita (Unio) ochracea LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 23; 1838, p. 18.
*Lampsilis ochracea STIMPSON, Shells of N. Eng., 1851, p. 14.
*Unio crocatus LrA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., II, 1841, p. 31; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII,
1842, p. 238, pl. xxuJ, fig. 52; * Obs., ILI, 1842, p. 76, pl. x x11, fig. 52.—* Conran,
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 247.—* CHENU, Il. Conch., 1858, pl. xx x11,
figs. 1, la, 1b.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—* B. H.
Wariagut, Check List, 1888.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 149.
* Margaron (Unio) crocatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 42.
*Unio rosaceus CONRAD, Pr. Acad. N. Sci., Phila., IV, 1849, p. 153; *Ann. and
Mag. Nat. Hist., IV, 1849, p. 303; *J1l. Acad. N. Sci., Phila., I, 1850, p. 275,
pl. Xxxvil, fig. 5.
* Unio troostensis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxvu1, fig. 210.
* Unio afinis SowERBY? Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lx1tr, fig. 318.
Atlantic drainage, from New England to the Ogeechee River,
Georgia.
tLAMPSILIS SPLENDIDUS Lea.
*Unio splendidus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 70, pl. x1x, fig.61; * Obs., IT,
1838, p. 70, pl. x1x, fig. 61.—* TROsSCHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg.,V, 1839, Pt. 2, p.
237.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 190; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 190.—* CaTLow
and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64..—* KusreEr, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p.
55, pl. x1, fig. 2.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257.—--* H. and A.
ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* CuENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xvi,
figs. 7, 7a, 7b.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VI, 1866, pl. xx x1, fig. 161.—* B. H.
WriGut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 168.
* Margarita ( Unio) splendidus Lra, Syn., 1836, p. 23; 1838, p. 18.
* Margaron (Unio) splendidus La, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 42.
*Unio regularis SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xxxIv, fig. 181.
Altamaha and Ogeechee rivers, Georgia.
LAMPSILIS DELUMBIS Conrad.!
* Unio delumbis CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 35, pl.v, fig. 3; p. 69.—* FERUS-
sac, Guerin Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 204.—
*CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., III, 1845, p. 18, pl. 1, fig. 10.—* Conrap, Pr.
Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1857, p. 248.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888,—
* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 150.
Small streams near Cooper River, South Carolina.
+LAMPSILIS PEROVALIS Conrad.
*Unio perovalis CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 43, pl. u, fig. 2, p. 71.—
* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 207.—
*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.191; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 191.—* CatLow and
REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 62.—*CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III, 1845, p.
21, pl. 1, fig. 2.—* ConrapD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 254.—* H.and A.
ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., Il, 1857, p. 494.—* KusTErR, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861,
p. 257, pl. LXXxvu, fig. 2.—*B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL,
Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 163.
* Margarita ( Unio) perovalis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 24; 1838, p. 19.
* Margaron (Unio) perovalis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 42.
Alabama and Black. Warrior rivers.
Doe PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. X11.
,LAMPSILIS PERPASTUS Lea.
“Unio perpastus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p..60; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., V, 1862, p. 69, pl. vu, fig. 219; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 73, pl. vii. fig. 219.—
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. ’
*Margaron (Unio) perpastus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 43.
Swamp Creek, Georgia; Coosa River, Alabama.
+ LAMPSILIS CLARKIANUS Lea.
*Unio clarkianus Lua, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1852, p. 251; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X,
1852, p. 273, pl. xx1, fig. 30; *Obs., V, 1852, p. 29, pl. xx1, fig. 30.—* CONRAD,
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 246.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll.,
II, 1857, p. 493.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa:rEL, Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 148.
* Margaron ( Unio) clarkianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 42.
*t Unio spillmanii LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XIII,1861, p. 39; *J1l. Acad. N. Sci.
Phila., V, 1862, p. 98, pl. xv, fig. 246; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 102, pl. xv, fig. 246.—
*B. H. WriecutT, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) spillmanii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 42.
Williamsport, Tennessee; near Columbus, Mississippi; Cahawba and
Black Warrior rivers, Alabama.
+LAMPSILIS GERHARDTII Lea.
“Unio gerhardtii Lea, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1862, p.168; *J1l. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., V, 1862, p. 208, pl. xxxzJ, fig. 277; * Obs., IX, 1863, p. 30, pl. xxx1, fig.
277.—* B. H. WricutT, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron ( Unio) gerhardtii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 35.
Chattanooga (river?), Georgia; Shorter, Alabama.
+ LAMPSILIS MULTIRADIATUS Lea.
*Unio multiradiatus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., III, 1829, p. 434, pl. rx, fig. 15; * Obs. I,
1834, p. 48, pl. rx, fig. 15.—* CoNnRAD, N. F.W. Shells, 1834, p. 70.—* DESHAYES,
An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 549; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 673.—* Haney, Test.
Moll., 1842, p.190; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 190, pl. xxi, fig. 10.—* CaTLow and
REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 61.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll, II, 1857,
p. 494.—* CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, pl. xu, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.—* SOWERBY, Conch.
Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxx, fig. 506a.—* B. H. WricuT, Check List, 1888.—
* PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 160.
* Margarita (Unio) multiradiatus Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 24; 1838, p. 19.
* Margaron (Unio) multiradiatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p.31; 1870, p. 42.
* Unio fasciolus Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—* ConrabD, Monograpby, III, 1836, p.
26, pl. x1, fig. 2.—* KusrER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 82, pl. v, fig. 4.
*t Unio perradiatus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p.40; *J1. Ac. N. Sei. Phila.,
V, 1862, p. 66, pl. vi, fig. 215; Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 70, pl. vi, fig. 215.—* B. H.
Wricut, Check List, 1888.. ;
* Margaron (Unio) perradiatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 37.
* Unio altilis, REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xx111, fig. 109.
* Unio perovalis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. Xxxxv111, fig. 209.
Entire Ohio River drainage; Southern Michigan; New York? (Mar-
shall).
A:
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 533
+LAMPSILIS DOLIARIS Lea.
Unio doliaris Lna, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., X VII, 1865, p.88; *J!. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VI, 1868, p.260, pl. xxxuI, tig. 75; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 20, pl. xx xu, fig. 75.—
*B. H. WriGuT, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) doliaris LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 42.
Alabama and Tombigbee drainage.
7,LAMPSILIS BREVICULUS Call.
* Unio breviculus CALL, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., X, 1887, p. 499, pl. xxvitt; * Tr. Ac.
Sci. St. Louis, VII, 1895, p. 6, pl. xv.
tLAMPSILIS BREVICULUS var. BRITTSI Simpson.
*Lampsilis brittsi Simpson, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 76, pl. v, figs. 1, 2.!
White and Current rivers, Arkansas; Texas County, Missouri.
tLAMPSILIS BIANGULATUS Lea.’
* Unio biangulatus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 288; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII,
1843, p. 197, pl. 1x, fig. 8; * Obs., ILI, 1842, p.35, pl. rx, fig. 8.—* Conran, Pr.
Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1853, p. 245.—*CuHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xxx, figs.
7, Ta, 7b.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec, Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—* KustrEr,
Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 189, pl. Lx, fig. 1; pl. Lx1, fg. 1.—*SoweErsy,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxx, fig. 421.—*B. H. Wrieut, Check List,
1888.—* PaTeEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 146.
Margaron (Unio) biangulatus LEA Syn., 1852, p. 38, 1870, p. 61.
Tennessee drainage.
LAMPSILIS SUBVEXA Conrad.?
* Anodonta subveca CONRAD, Am. J1. Sci., XXV, 1834, p. 341, pl.1, fig.1; *New F.W.
Shells, 1834, p. 73.—* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag. 1835, p.25.—* MOLLER, Syn. Nov.
Gen., 1836, p. 194.—* Conrab, Pr. Acad. N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264.—
“H.and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check
List, 1888.—* PTre., Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 185.
1At the time I published the L. brittsi I believed it to be a valid species. Since
then I have seen additional material which seems to be a connecting link between
it and L. breviculus. JI can not be certain as to the relationships of this form, which
seems on the one hand to have characters belonging to the typical section of Lamp-
silis and on the other to be related to L. spatulatus and L. pleasi.
2The systematic position of this species is a little uncertain. In the form of the
shell and the teeth it seems to belong in the Ventricosus group, but the texture and
broken rays apparently ally it to the Ligamentinus group. The soft parts agree best
with those of members of the former assemblage, so I place it here.
31 do not know what this is, nor where it belongs, but it is certainly not a true
Anodonta. The shell, according to Conrad’s figure, is rayed throughout, and iooks
very much like a young U. ventricosus. He says that it has a callus resembling an
incipient tooth; that it inhabits the Black Warrior River, and that it is very rare.
It is just possible that it is related to some of the so-called Margaritanas of the
Southern States, such as W. spillmani, but I think it more likely some young form of
the Ventricosus group in which the hinge has been injured. I place it here with the
greatest hesitation.
534 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XX.
* Margarita (Anodonta) subvexa LEA, Syn., 1836, p.52; 1838, p. 31.
*Anodon subvexa CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p, 68.
*Margaron (Anodonta) subvexa LEA, Syn., 1852, p.50; 1870, p. 81.
Black Warrior River, Alabama.
Section EURYNIA Rafinesque, 1820,
(Type, Unio recta Lamarck.)
Shell oval to oblong; beak sculpture delicate, doubly looped; mantle
double edged and often toothed below; that of the female sometimes
developed into a thickened flap at the post base.!
(Group of Lampsilis luteolus.)
Shell shining, generally rayed; beak sculpture often broken, with
the posterior loop open behind; pseudocardinals rather small, com-
pressed, smooth inside, and often curved slightly upward.
+LAMPSILIS LUTEOLUS Lamarck.
* Unio luteola LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 79.—*DESHAYES, An. sans Vert.,
2d ed. VI, 1835, p. 544; 3d ed. II, 1839, p. 671.
* Unio luteolus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 192.—* DE Kay, Zool. of New York, Pt.
5, 1843, p. 190, pl. xx, fig. 241.—* Haney, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 192, pl. xx111,
fig. 16.—* CaTLOow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 60.—*CoNnrRaD, Pr. Ac.
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857,
p. 494.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pl. Lvul, fig. 293, 293a, 293b.—
* LATCHFORD, Tr. Ottawa F. Nat. Club, 1882, p. 51.—* B. H. Wriegut, Check
List, 1888.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 158.—* CauL, Tr. Acad. Sci. St.
Louis, VII, 1895, p. 25, pl. m1.
* Margarita (Unio) luteolus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 25; 1838, p. 19.
* Margaron (Unio) luteolus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 28; 1870, p. 44.
* Lampsilis luteolus BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 103, pls. XI, XXXvII, fig. 12.
* Unio inflatus BARNES, Am. J1. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 266.—* CONRAD, New F.W. Shells,
1834, p. 69.
* Mya inflata EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 221.
* Unio siliquoideus BARNES, Am. Jl. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 269, pl. x1, fig. 150 (ont-
line).—* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p.27.—* CONRAD, Monog., IT, 1836, p. 22,
pl. x, fig. 1.—*C. B. ApAmMs, Thompson’s Hist. of Vermont, 1842, p. 167;
F.W.and L.S. of Vermont, p. 17, 1842.
* Unio siliquoides KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 30, pl. v, fig. 2.
* Mya siliquoidea, EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 221.
* Lampsilis siliquoidea STIMPSON, Shells of New Eng., 1851, p. 14.
* Unio childreni HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 193, pl. xx111, fig. 57.
* Unio hydianus KUSTER, part, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 201, pl. Lx vi, fig. 1. ?
* Unio distans ANTHONY, Am. Jl. Conch., I, 1865, p. 156, pl. x11, fig. 2.—* B. H.
Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 151.
* Unio multiradiatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LX1, fig. 306. *
* Unio afinis SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1858, pl. LX1, fig. 307.
‘Lea has figured a female animal of LZ. radiatus in Observations II, pl. xv, which
has a curious, winglike projection on the mantle at its posterior base.
2 There are two figures; the first is luteolus, the second is hydianus.
*Changed in errata to luteolus. The figure 306qa, pl. LXx, is a genuine multiradiatus.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 535
+LAMPSILIS LUTEOLUS var. ROSACEUS De Kay.
* Unio rosaceus Db Kay, Zool. of New York, V, 1843, p. 192, pl. XX XIX, figs. 355, 356;
pl. xt, fig. 357..—ConrabD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257.—B. H.
WriGut, Check List, 1888.
' Hntire Mississippi drainage, southwest to the Brazos River, Texas;
St. Lawrence drainage; entire Dominion of Canada east of the Rocky
Mountains; the variety rosaceus in the St. Lawrence area.
+ LAMPSILIS SUPERIORENSIS Marsh.?
* Unio superiorensis Marsu, Naut., X, 1897, p. 103, pl. 1, figs. 1, 2, 5.
Upper Great Lakes region.
+ LAMPSILIS BOREALIS A. F. Gray.’
* Unio borealis A. F. Gray, Tr. Ottawa Field Nat. Club, 1882, p. 53, pl., 3
figures.—* B. H. WricuT, Check List, 1888.
Lower St. Lawrence drainage, to Lake Michigan; Lake of the
Woods.
tLAMPSILIS RADIATUS Gmelin.
* Mya radiata GMELIN, Syst. Nat., 13th ed., 1792, p. 3220.—* Woop, Gen. Conch., I,
1815, p. 109.—* DinLwyn, Cat. I, 1817, p. 51.—* Woop, Index Test. 2d ed.,
1825, p. 12, pl. u, fig. 2.—* Eaton, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 220.—* HANLEy,
Index Test., 3d ed., 1856, p. 16, pl. 11, fig. 32. 5
* Unio radiata LAMARCK, An. sans. Vert., VI, 1819, p.73.—* DESHAYEs, Hist. Nat.
des Vers., II, 1830, p. 581; *An. sans. Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 535; 3d ed.,
1839, p. 668.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 212.
* Lampsilis radiata Stimpson, N. Eng. Shells, 1851, p. 13.
~ Unio radiatus SPENGLER, Skriv. Nat. Selsk., V, 1792, p.3; III, 1793, p. 62.—* Con-
RAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 71.—* FERussAc, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27.—
* ConraD, Monog., IT, 1836, p. 24, pl. x, fig. 2.—* SOWERBY, Rich. Faun. Bore-
ali Am., III, 1836, p. 316.—*GouLp, Iny. of Mass., 1841, p. 110, fig. 73.;
1870, p. 170, fig. 474.—* Haney, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 193; * Biv. Shells, 1843,
p. 193.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 63.—* CONRAD, Pr. Ac.
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 256.—* KusTEer, Conch. Cab. Unio., 1852, p. 29, pl.
vy, fig. 1.—* H. and A. ApAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—* REEVE,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, p. 27, pl. xxvu, fig. 139.—* HARTMAN and MICHE-
NER, Conch. Cest., 1874, p. 87, fig. 182.—* LatcuFrorD, Tr. Ottawa F. Nat.
Club, 1882, p. 50.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—*H. CARPENTER,
Naut., IV, 1890, p. 22.—* PasTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 165.
* Margarita (Unio) radiatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 25; 1838, p. 19.
* Margaron (Unio) radiatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 44.
* Unio pictorum tenuis Indiv, etc.—CHEMNITZ, Conch. Cab., 1788, p. 23, pl. II,
florets
'The type of De Kay’s variety is a delicate shell with peculiarly pallid brown
epidermis, slightly rayed, and having a rose-colored nacre. This form is often desti-
tute of the fine tinting of the nacre, and sometimes becomes quite dark, even bronzy
or brownish black. It is common in the lakes of the St. Lawrence drainage.
2This and L. borealis A. F. Gray are doubtful species which seem to stand between
L. luteolus and radiatus. ‘This form is nearer luteolus, while Gray’s species approaches _
more nearly to radiatus.
3In Latchford’s Notes on Ottawa: Unionida.
536 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
* Unio virginiana LAMARCK, An. sans. Vert., VI, 1819, p. 79.—* DELESSERT, Rec.
Coq. Lam., 1841, pl. x11, fig.
* Unio lineata VALENCIENNES, Enc. Meth., II, 1827, p. 151, pl. ccxLviu, fig. 5.
* Unio elongata GOODRICH, Ill. Nat. Hist., II, 1829, p. 523, fig.
* Unio tenebrosus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 42, pl. vit, fig. 1; p. 72.—
*FERuUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen. 1836, p. 207.—
*CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III, 1845, pl. u, fig. 5.—* B. H. Wricut,
Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 169.
* Unio melinus CONRAD, Monog. XI, 1838, p. 101, pl. LV, fig. 1.—SowkERBy, Conch.
Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxxvut, fig. 467.
* Unio mellinus Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 159.
* Unio boydianus LBA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 286; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII,
1843, p. 216, pl. xv1, fig. 32; * Obs., III, 1842, p. 54, pl. x v1, fig. 22.—* DE Kay,
Zool. of New York, Pt. 5, 1843, p. 189.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI,
1858, p. 245.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—* CHENU,
Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xxxu, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List,
1888.—* PaTEeL, Conch. Sam., II, 1890, p. 146.
* Margaron (Unio) boydianus Lma, Syn., 1852, p. 38; 1870, p. 62.
* Unio crassus KustER, Conch. Cab. Unio., 1854, p. 113, pl. XxN1J, fig. 5.
* Mya oblongata, Woop, Index Test., 1856, p. 199, pl. 1; Supplement, fig. 2.
* Unio obliquiradiatus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. XxIx, fig. 151.—* Pa-
TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 161.
+LAMPSILIS RADIATUS var. CONSPICUUS Lea.
* Unio conspicuus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1872, p. 156; *Jl. Ac. N. Sei.
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 34, pl. x1, fig. 31; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 38, pl. x1, fig.
31.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.
St. Lawrence drainage; Manitoba; Atlantic region south to North
Carolina (var. conspicuus in North Carolina and southern Virginia).
Gould! reports L. radiatus from the north shore of Lake Superior,
and there is a shell in the U. S. National Museum from the northwest
boundary of Wisconsin which is probably this species.
+LAMPSILIS HYDIANUS Lea.
* Unio hydianus Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 14, pl. VI, fig. 14; ~ Obs.,
II, 1838, p. 14, pl. vi, fig. 14.—* TroscHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., VII, 1839, p.
234.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 192; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 192, pl. xxim1,
fig. 6.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 60.—” KusTER, Conch. |
Cab. Unio., 1861, p. 201, pl. Lxvun, fig. 2.—* CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, pl. xvu,
fig. 3, 3a, 3b; pl. xxiv, figs. 7, 7a, 7).—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., I,
1857, p.494.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxvit, fig. 203.—* B.
H. WriGHt, Check List, 1888.—* PacTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155.
* Margarita (Unio) hydianus Lra, Syn., 1836, p. 25; 1838, p. 19.
* Margaron (Unio) hydianus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 28; 1870, p. 44.
* Unio placitus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1852, p. 252;? *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 1852.
p. 279, pl. xxiu1, fig. 38; * Obs.,V, 1852, p. 35, pl. xx1n, fig. 38.—* Conran,
Pr. Ac..N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1838, p. 255.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll.,
II, 1857, p. 494.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio., 1861, p. 262, pl. LXXxviMI, fig.
2.—*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., 1890, p. 163.
* Margaron (Unio) placitus LEA, Syn., 1852, p.29; 1870, p. 46.
Eastern half of Texas; Indian Territory; Arkansas; east to Ala-
bama.
1 Agassiz, Lake Superior, p. 245, 2Merely a young hydianus.
Nee
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 537
+LAMPSILIS APPROXIMUS Lea.|!
* Unio approximus LBA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 164; ~ Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X,
1848, p.74, pl. v, fig. 13; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 48, pl. v, fig. 13.—* Conrap, Pr.
Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II,
1857, p. 493.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* PmTeL, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 144.
* Wargaron ( Unio) approximus Lra, Syn., 1852, p. 28; 1870, p. 44.
Southern Louisiana; southern Alabama.
+ LAMPSILIS AFFINIS Lea.?
* Unio afinis LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1852, p. 251; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soe., 1855, p.
271, pl. X1x, fig. 26; * Obs., V, 1852, p. 27, pl. xrx, fig. 26.—*ConraD, Pr. Ac.
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 244.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p.
493.—* B. H. Wriacut, Check List, 1888.—* Pret, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p.
144.
Margaron (Unio) afinis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 42.
Louisiana.
LAMPSILIS CONTRARIUS Conrad.
*Unio contrarius CONRAD, Jl. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. I, 1850, p. 276, pl. xuxvuil, fig. 7.
Ogeechee River, Georgia. (Locality doubtful.)
t+LAMPSILIS CLAIBORNENSIS Lea.
Unio claibornensis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 105, pl. XxIv, fig. 115; *Obs.,
II, 1838, p. 105, pl. xx1v, fig. 115.—* TRoscHEL, Arch. fiir. Naturg., V, 1839, pl.
II, p. 237.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 192, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 192, pl. x x1,
fig. 26.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.57.—* Conrap, Pr. Ac.
N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 246.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857,
p. 493.—*CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xxu11, figs.3, 3a, 3b.—* SOWERBY,
Conch. Icon., X VI, 1868, pl. LXXx, fig. 357.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—
* PETEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148.
* Margarita ( Unio) claibornensis LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 19.
*Margaron (Unio) claibornensis Lua, Syn., 1852, p. 28; 1870, p. 44.
t* Unio obtusus Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 287; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII,
1843, p. 201, pl. x1, fig. 13; *Obs., IIT, 1842; p. 39, pl. x1., fig. 13.—* Con-
RAD, Pr. Ac. N.Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 253.—* H.and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec.
Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch. 1258, pl. xxx1, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.—
* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxv1, fig. 129.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam.,
ITI, 1890, p. 161.
*Margaron (Unio) obtusus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 39; 1870, p. 62.
*Unio pallescens LEA,* Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 164; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X,
1848, p. 79, pl. vit, fig. 20; * Obs., IV, 1848, p. 79, pl. VII, fig. 20.—* Conrab,
Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 254.—*H. and A. ADaMs, Gen. Rec. Moll.,
'Probably only a thin, slightly rayed or rayless variety of L. hydianus.
2T doubt if this is distinct from Approximus.
3Dr. Lea places this in the synonymy of Unio lecontianus Lea. I have never seen
an authentic shell, but the figure given by Conrad in the Journal seems to me more
like Lampsilis obtusus, and I am inclined to think it is a small male specimen of this
species having reversed laterals.
4There is only a single specimen in the Lea collection, the type, an old, rather
thin, eroded, large shell, in bad condition, but which, I feel sure, is claibornensis.
538 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATI ONA L MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
II, 1857, p. 494.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* PTE, Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 162.
Margaron (Unio) pallescens LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 43.
Gulf drainage of the United States, from the Flint to.the Pearl River.
t LAMPSILIS PORPHYREUS Lea.!
* Unio porphyreus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p.60; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
V, 1862, p. 80, pl. x, fig. 228; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 34, pl. x, fig. 228.—B. H.
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.
Margaron (Unio) porphyreus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 41.
Cahawba and Coosa rivers, Alabama.
t LAMPSILIS STRAMINEUS Conrad.
* Unio stramineus CONRAD, Am. J1.Sci., XXV, 1834, p. 339, pl. 1, fig. 6; * New F.
W. Shells, 1834, p. 71.—* FreRussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* MOLLER, Syn.
Noy. Gen., 1836, p. 198.—* Conrab, Monog., X, 1838, p. 91, pl.L, fig. 1.
—*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 209; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 209, pl. xx111,
fig. 45.—*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64.—* Conran, Pr.
Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll.,
II, 1857, p. 495.—* SowrRBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxrx, fig. 217,
1868, pl. Lxxx, fig. 422.—*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa&TEL
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 168.
* Margaritu (Unio) stramineus Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 39; 1838, p. 25.
* Margaron ( Unio) stramineus LEA, Syn , 1852, p. 28; 1870, p. 35.
Southern Alabama, southern Mississippi.
t LAMPSILIS REEVIANUS Lea.
* Unio reevianus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 272, pl. xx, fig. 28; *Obs., V,
1852, p. 28, pl. xx, fig. 28.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 256. —
*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll1., II, 1857, p. 494.—* KusrER, Conch. Cab.
Unio., 1861, p. 247, pl. LXxx111, fig. 2.—* B. H. WricutT, Check List, 1888.
—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 165.
*Margaron (Unio) reevianus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 28; 1870, p. 44.
Louisiana; Texas; Arkansas.
+ LAMPSILIS POWELLII Lea.
*Unio powellit Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1852, p. 252; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1853,
p. 270, pl. x1x, fig. 25; *Obs., V, 1852, p. 26, pl. x1x, fig. 25..—* CONRAD, Pr.
Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p.255.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll.,
II, 1857, p. 494.—*MusGrave, Phot. Conch., 1863, pl. u, fig. 8.—*Sow-
ERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxx, fig. 359.—* B. H. WriGuT, Check List,
1888.—* PaTeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 164.
*Margaron (Unio) powelliti Lua, Syn., 1852, p. 28; 1870, p. 44.
Salina and Clinton, Arkansas; Guadalupe River, Texas; Spring
River, Kansas (Cragin).
‘Tam a little uncertain as to where this species should be placed, as I have only
seen the two specimens in the Lea collection, which are very poor and distorted.
The nacre is purple.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 539
(Group of Lampsilis igamentinus.)
Shell solid, evenly elliptical, not greatly inflated, with a yellowish
green epidermis, with broad, usually broken, dark-green rays; beaks
not prominent, sculpture fine, restricted in area, pseudocardinals rather
small, stumpy; nacre silvery or rarely pinkish. The female shell is not
greatly swollen in the post basal region.
+LAMPSILIS LIGAMENTINUS Lamarck.!
Unio crassus Say, Nich. Encyc., Il, 1816, pl. 1, fig. 8.—* RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen.
Sci. Brux., V, 1820, p. 293.—* HitpRETH, Am. JI. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 278, fig. 1.
—*FerErRussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 192;
* Biv. Shells, 1848, p. 192.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58.
—*SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. XL, fig. 220.—* PaTreL, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 149.
* Margarita (Unio) crassus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 24; 1838, p. 19.
* Mya crassa EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 217.
*Unio ligamentina LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 72.—* FERuSSAC, Guer.
Mag., 1835, p. 27.—* DesHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d. ed., VI, 1835, p. 533; 3d ed.,
II, 1839, p. 668.
* Unio ligamentinus KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 23, pl. 101, fig. 3. —* CONRAD,
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251.—* H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II,
1857, p. 494.—* CaLkins, Pr. Ottawa Ac, Sci., 1874, p. 43.—* B. H. WRIGHT,
Check List, 1888.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 157.—* Catt, Tr. Ac.
Sci. St. Louis, VII, p. 22, pl. xx1.
* Margaron (Unio) ligamentinus LEA, Syn., 1852, p.28; 1870, p 43.
* Lampsilis ligamentinus BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 108, pl. xv1.—* Smrru,
Bull. U.S. Fish Com., 1899, p. 291, pl. Lx xix.
*Unio ellipticus BARNES, Am. JI. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 259, pl. x11, fig. 19 (outline).—
* HILDRETH, Am. J]. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 278.
*Mya elliptica EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 219.
*Unio carinatus BARNES, Am. JI. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 259, pl. x1, fig. 10.
*Mya carinata EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 220.
* Unio ellipsarius Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.
*Unio fasciatus Say, Am. Conch., VI. 1834.—*Conrab, Monog., 1835, p. 3, pl. 1.—
* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27.—* PoTiEz and MICHAUD, Gall. Moll., 1844,
153, pl. Lv1ul, fig. 5.—* KusTEerR, Conch. Cab., 1852, p. 31, pl. v, fig. 3.
*Mya gravis Woop, Ind. Test. (Hanley ) 1856, p. 199, pl. 1, fig. 6.
*Unio gravis P#®TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 154.
* Unio luteolus SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pl. Lviut, fig. 293a,
*Unio delodontus SOwERBY, Conch. Ieon., X VI, 1867, pl. LVII, fig. 288.
“Unio crassidens SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lx11, fig. 312.
*Unio pictus SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., X VI, 1868, pl. LXU, fig. 3138.
*Unio venustus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXIv, fig. 326.
*Unio upsoni Marsu, Conch., Ex. 1, 1887, p.51.2—B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.
1Say’s name crassus applied to this before that of Lamarck was used by Retzius
previously for a European Unio.
2The description was read before the Mercer County, Illinois, Scientific and His-
torical Society March 2, 1880. Mr. Marsh had copies of the description published
and thinks that the species was described on the records. It was not figured.
540° PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII
+LAMPSILIS LIGAMENTINUS var. GIBBUS Simpson. !
* Unio crassus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xcv, fig. 520.
Mississippi River drainage generally; southern Michigan; western
New York; Manitoba; Ontario; the variety from the Ohio River
southward.
+LAMPSILIS ORBICULATUS Hildreth.
* Unioorbiculatus HILDRETH, Am. Jl. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 284.—*HANLEY, Test. Moll.,
1842, p. 192; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 192, pl. xx1, fig. 2.—*CaTLow and REEVE,
Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 62.—*ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., VI, 1853, p. 254.—
*H.and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab.,
1861, p. 216, pl. Lxx1, figs. 3, 4.—*SowrErBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi.
XLIV, fig. 239.—*CaALKINS, Pr. Ottawa Ac. Sci., 1874, p. 44.—* B. H. WRIGHT,
Check List, 1888.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 162.
* Margarita (Unio) orbiculatus Lna, Syn., 1836, p. 25; 1838, p. 19.
* Margaron ( Unio) orbiculatus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 28; 1870, p. 43.
* Unio abruptus Say, Am. Conch., No. II, 1831, pl. xvur.—*ConraD, New F. W.
Shells, 1834, p. 67.—*CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III, 1845, p. 24, pl. v1, figs.
1, la, 1b.—* DESHAYEsS, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 555;* 3d ed., II,
1839, p. 674.
“ Unio cyclips FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28.
* Unio crassus CONRAD, Monog., IV, 1836, p. 34, pl. x v1.
Ohio and Cumberland rivers; west to the Mississippi River; north
to Minnesota. Some specimens can hardly be separated from JL.
higgins.
‘ +LAMPSILIS HIGGINSII Lea.?
* Unio higginstt Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 84; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
V, 1862, p. 188, pl. xxiv, fig. 258; *Obs., IX, 1863, p. 10, pl. xxiv, fig. 258.—
* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxxu,, fig. 431.—* B. H. WREGHT,
Check List, 1888.—* PaTeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155.
* Margaron (Unio) higginsti LEA, Syn., !870, p. 41.
Ohio River, west to Iowa, and southwest to Kansas.
+LAMPSILIS PINGUIS Lea.’
Unio pinguis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p. 84; *J]. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV,
1858, p. 78, pl. xv, fig. 58; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 78, pl. xv, fig. 58.—*B. H.
WriGutT, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron ( Unio) pinguis Lra, Syn., 1870, p. 44.
St. Peters River, Minnesota. Doubtful.
1A peculiarly humped form of ligamentinus, common throughout the southern
range of the species, may bear the above name. y
2A somewhat puzzling species, of which male specimens often approach closely to
Obovaria ellipsis in form, but the pseudo cardinals are always stumpy and never longi-
tudinal, as they generally are in that genus. It is probably an aberrant form,
closely related to L. orbiculatus. The females are more inflated in the postbasal region
than in any other member of the group.
31 have seen only one specimen of this, the type, which is an exceedingly puzzling
form. The hinge line is injured and curves in strongly in front of the beaks, where
there is a large, irregular lunnle. and the pseudocardinals are compressed. It may
be a young, diseased orbiculatus.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAJADES—SIMPSON. 5A
+LAMPSILIS TAENIATUS Conrad.
* Unio teniatus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, pp. 26, 72, pl. Iv, fig. 2..—*Frrus-
sac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—MOLLER, Syn. Nov.Gen., 1836, p. 201.—* HaNLEy,
Test. Moll., 1842, p.191; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 191.—*CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist
ser., III, 1845, p. 15.—*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64.—*Con-
RAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862,
p. 271, pl. xct, fig. 4.—* B. H. Wriecut, Check List, 1888.
*Margarita (Unio) teniatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 24; 1838, p. 19.
*Unio taniatus PTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 169.
*Unio menkianus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1836, p. 76, pl. x1x, fig.59; *Obs., II,
1838, p. 76, pl. x1x, fig. 59.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p.
237.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 191; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 191, pl. x x11,
fig. 4.—*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.61.—*Conrap, Pr. Ac. N.
Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 252.—* CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, pl. xx, figs. 4, 4a,
4b.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—* Kuster, Conch.
Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 245, pl. Lxxxu, fig. 3.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, pl.
XXVIII, fig. 140.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam.,
IT, 1890, p. 159.
* Margarita (Unio) menkianus LEA, Syn., 1858, p. 19.
*Margaron ( Unio) menkianus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 43.
*Unio pulcher Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 6, pl. 11, fig. 6; *Obs., II, 1838,
p. 6, pl. 11, fig. 6.—*TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 234.—* Han-
LEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 193; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 193, pl. xxi, fig. 7.—*CatT-
LOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, ‘:p. 63.—*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec.
Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—* CHENU, Il]. Conch., 1858, pl. xvil, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.—
*KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 193, pl. LXI, fig. 5.—-*P. H. WRIGHT,
Check List, 1888.—* Pa: TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 164.
* Margarita (Unio) pulcher LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 25; 1838, p. 19.
*Margaron (Unio) pulcher LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 28; 1870, p. 44.
*Unio interruptus Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 15, pl. v1, fig. 15; *Obs., II,
1838, p. 15, pl. v1, fig. 15.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 191; * Biv. Shells, 1843,
p. 191, pl. xx1, fig. 28.—* CaTLOow and REEVE», Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 60.—* H.
and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—* CHENU, II. Conch, 1858, pl.
XVII, figs. 4, 4a, 4b.—* B. H. WriGut, Check List, 1888.
* Margarita (Unio) interruptus LEA, Syn., 1856, p. 24; 1838, p. 19.
*Margaron (Unio) interruptus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 48.
*Unio latiradiatus CONRAD, Monog., XI, 1838, p. 96, pl. Lur; Pr. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 208, pl. Lxrx,
fig. 3.—P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 151.
*Unio tennesseensis Lka,? Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 288; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.,
VIII, 1843, p. 199, pl. x, fig. 115° *Obs., III, 1842, p. 37, pl. x, fig. 11.—*Conrab,
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.—* H. and A. ADams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II,
1857, p. 495.—*CuHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xxvu1, figs. 1, la, 1b.—*B. H.
Waricut, Check List, 1888.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 169.
*Margaron (Unio) tennesseensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 43.
*Unio perdix REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. x v1tI, fig. 82.
Tennessee and Cumberland river systems.
1 Lea places this species in the synonymy of his Unio interruptus, in the Synopsis.
The latter was not published until 1838.
2The type is an old female teniatus, very solid, and but slightly rayed.
3Lea states in the above citation that this species has radial beak sculpture. The
beaks ot his type are slightly eroded, having the appearance of somewhat rayed ridges,
and I have seen the same thing in the eroded beaks of Unio rotundatus Lamarck,
bnt it is not true beak sculpture. Many Unios when decomposing exhibit throughout
their shells a somewhat radial structure, and that is what is shown in this case.
5A2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. ot en
+ LAMPSILIS PICTUS Lea.
*Unio pictus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V., 1834, p. 73, pl. x1, fig. 36; * Obs., I,
1834, p. 185, pl. x1, fig. 52.—* FERussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* HANLEY,
Test. Moll., 1842, p. 191; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 191, pl. xxin, fig. 35.—
*CaTLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 62.—* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 255.—*H. and A. ApAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.
494.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 249, pl. Lxxxiu, fig. 5.—* B. H.
WriGut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 163.
*Murgarita (Unio) pictus Lua, Syn., 1836, p. 24; 1838, p. 19.
*Margaron (Unio) pictus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 43.
t *Unio lindsleyi Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 306; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., 1860, p. 351, pl. Lv, fig. 176; * Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 33, pl. Lvmit, fig.
176.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. XLII, fig. 233b.—* B. H. WRIGHT,
Check List, 1888.—* ParrL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 157.
*Margaron (Unio) lindsleyi Lua, Syn., 1870, p. 43.
*Unio camelopardalis SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xu, fig. 233a.
Harpeth River, Tennessee.
t* LAMPSILIS CAMELOPARDILIS Lea.!
*Unio camelopardilis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 92; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 355, pl. LIx, fig. 180; * Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 37, pl. Lrx, fig. 180.
—*B. H. Wrieat, Check List, 1888.—-* PasrEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 147.
* Margaron (Unio) camelopardilis, Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 53.
t* Unio fucatus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 92; Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1860, p. 353, pl. Lrx, fig. 178; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p.35, pl. L1x, fig. 178.—
*B.H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) fucatus, LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 438.
Tennessee and Cumberland river systems.
+LAMPSILIS PUNCTATUS Lea.
*Unio punctatus Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1865, p. 89; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1868, p. 261, pl. xxx, fig. 76; * Obs., XII, 1869, p. 21, pl. xxxu1, fig.
76.—* B. H.WriGut, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron ( Unio) punctatus Lna, Syn., 1870, p. 43.
Tennessee River drainage.
tLAMPSILIS PERDIX Lea.
*Unio perdix Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1827, p. 72, pl. x1, fig. 31; *Obs., I, 1834,
p. 184, pl. x1, fig. 31.—* FErRussac Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* HaNLEy, Test.
Moll., 1842, p. 189; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 188, pl. xx, fig. 20.—* CaTLow and
REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 62.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll. I,
1857, p. 494.—* SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lx1x, fig. 82.—*B. H.
Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 163.
* Margarita (Unio) perdix LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 23; 1838, p. 18.
*Margaron (Unio) perdix Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 41. ’
*Unio pectorosus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 37, pl. vi, fig. 1, p. 71.—
* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—*CoNRAD, Monog. III, 1836, p. 25, pl.
XI, fig. 1.—* MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 205.—* HaNnLEyY, Test. Moll.,
1842, p. 189; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 189, pl. x x1, fig. 22.—* CuENU, Bib. Conch.,
Ist ser., HII, 1845, p. 19, pl. 11, fig.8.—*CatTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom.,
1845, p. 62.—KusTeER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 26, pl. 1v, fig. 2.—* Conrap,
‘It is quite probable that this and the preceding species are merely varieties of the
same thing.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 543
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 254.—* B. H. Wriegar, Check List, 1888.—
*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 162.
“Margarita (Unio) pectorosus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 25, 1838, p. 18.
Tennessee and Cumberland river systems.
t LAMPSILIS BRACTEATUS Gould.
“Unio bracteatus GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. Hist., V, 1855, p. 228; *Otia Conch.,
1862, p. 217.—* B. H. Wrient, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) bracteatus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 43.
Llanos, Guadalupe, and Colorado rivers, Texas.
+LAMPSILIS VENUSTUS Lea.
- *Unio venustus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 4, pl. m1, fig. 4; *Obs., II
1838, p. 4, pl. 1, fig. 4. —* TroscuEtL, Arch. fiir. Naturg., V, 1839, II, p. 233.—
* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 192; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 192, pl. xx111, fig. 5.—
*CaTLOw and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 65.—* Conrab, Pr. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.—* CuENu, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xx, figs. 1, La,
1b.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* B. H. Wriaur,
Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 171.—* CaLL, Tr.
Acad. Sci. St. Louis, 1895, p. 57.
*Margarita (Unio) venustus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 24; 1838, p. 19.
*Margaron (Unio) venustus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 43.
Potosi, Missouri.
(Group of Lampsilis anodontoides.)
Shell elongated, inflated, moderately solid, sharply pointed behind;
that of the female much produced at the posterior base, behind which
it is diagonally truncate; epidermis very bright, smooth and shining,
but feebly rayed; beaks not prominent, marked with very delicate
regular sculpture, the posterior loop often open behind; pseudocardi-
nals smooth, generally compressed; nacre shining, white or purplish.
Animal with the marsupium very distinct and well rounded below; inner
edge of the mantle usually beautifully and evenly toothed behind.
tLAMPSILIS ANODONTOIDES Lea.
t* Unio anodontoides Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1834, p. 81, pl. vin, fig. 11;
* Obs., 1, 1834, p. 91, pl. vii, fig. 11.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 204.—
*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.55.—* CHENU, IIL. Conch., 1858, pl.
XIV, figs. 3, 3a, 3b.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. XIx, fig. 87.—* B. H.
WriGut, Check List, 1888.—* Simpson, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p.
430, pl. LXXI, fig. 7; LXXx1I, figs. 1,2, 4.
*Margarita (Unio) anodontoides LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 35; 1838, p. 24.
*Maryaron (Unio) anodontoides LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 86; 1870, p. 58.
“Lampsilis anodontoides BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 100, pl. x, figs. 1,
2.—* SMITH, Bull. U.S. Fish Com. 1899, p. 290, pl. LXxvitt.
*? Unio teres Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.'\—* Conrab, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 72;
Monog. VI, 1836, p. 52, pl. xxvill.—* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27.—
*ConrRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 259.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab.
Unio, 1854, p. 68, pl. xvit,figs. 1, 4.
1 Said to be of Rafinesque, 1820. I can not be positive whether Rafinesque’s descrip-
tion is of a young shell of this species or the fallaciosus. He gives its length as 3
inches. I therefore use the name applied by Lea, his shell being properly described
and figured.
544 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, ~~ [vou. xxi
+LAMPSILIS ANODONTOIDES var. FLORIDENSIS Lea.
*Unio floridensis Lka,! Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 274, pl. Xx1, fig. 31; ~ Obs.,
V, 1852, p. 30, pl. xxi, fig. 31.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., VI, 1853,
p. 249.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492._*B. H.
Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* Parer, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 152.
*Margaron (Unio) floridensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 39; 1870, p. 62.
Entire Mississippi River drainage except (probably) the upper Mis-
souri. All the Gulf drainage from the Withlacoochee River, Florida,
to the Rio Grande, and into Mexico.
+ LAMPSILIS FALLACIOSUS (Smith) Simpson.
*Unio anodontoides REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xx1, fig. 97.—* CALKINS,
Pr. Ottawa Acad., 1874, p. 41.
*Lampsilis anodontoides BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, pl. x, fig. 3.°
*Unio oriens SOowERBY, Conch. Icon., 1868, pl. LXIH, fig. 314.
* Lampsilis fallaciosus SmirH, Bull. U. 8S. Fish Com., 1899, p. 291, pl. LXx1x.—
_*§mreson, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., 1900, p. 74, pl. u1, fig. 5.
Upper Mississippi drainage; south to the Cumberland River, Ten
nessee, and to Arkansas; Red River of the North?
+LAMPSILIS VIRESCENS Lea.*
* Unio virescens Lra, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., II, 1858, p. 40; * Jl. Ac. N. Sei., Phila.,
IV, 1860, p. 341, pl. LV, fig. 166; * Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 23, pl. Lv, fig. 166.—* B.
H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) virescens LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 42.
Tennessee River in northern Alabama.
+LAMPSILIS AUSTRALIS Simpson.
* Lampsilis australis Simpson,® Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., 1900, p. 75, pl. 11, fig. 2.
Little Patsaliga Creek, southeastern Alabama.
+LAMPSILIS RECTUS Lamarck.
* Unio recta LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 74.—* VALENCIENNES, Rec. Obs.
Zool., II, 1833, p. 234, pl. Lrv, fig. 1.—* DESHAYEs, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VII,
1835, p. 537; 3d ed., II, 1889, p. 669.
—— —
1 Lampsilis anodontoides becomes thinner and more delicate in the waters of the
eastern Gulf drainage, and in Florida assumes the form called by Lea Unio floridensis.
The type of the latter is not in the Lea collection.
2¥Figured and the name (supplied by the writer) given by Smith in Bull. U.S. Fish
Commission, but not described.
3As this species has generally been confounded with the very closely allied L. ano-
dontoides of Lea, it is a little difficult to be certain in all cases which form authors
have referred to.
4A species which seems to combine some of the characters of L. anodontoides and
cariosus, but which probably shonl| e placed here.
> This species seems to stand partly between L. rectus and L. anodontoides. In the
character of color both of nacre and epidermis the former is quite widely separated
from the latter, though specimens of rectus from Michigan and other northern local-
ities sometimes have a tawny epidermis. In L. australis the nacre is silvery, and
the color of the epidermis approaches to some extent that of anodontoides.
eee,
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NALADES—SIMPSON. 5A5
“Unio (Ligumia) recta SWAINSON, Treat. on Mal., 1840, pp. 267, 274, fig. Ly.
Unio rectus SHORT and Eaton, Transylvania J1., 1831, p.77.—* Conran, New F.
W. Shells, 1834, p. 71.—*Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—* FrERussac, Guer. Mag.,
1835, p. 27.—*ConraD, Monog., ITI, 1836, p. 33, pl. xv.—* Han Ey, Test. Moll.,
1842, p. 204.—* C. B. ADams, Thompson’s Hist. of Vt., 1842, p.167; *F.W.
and L. Sh. of Vermont, 1842, p. 17.—* HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 204.—
*Dr Kay, Zool. of N. Y., Pt. 5, 1843, p. 195.—* Porirez and MicHaup, Gall.
Moll., 1844, II, p. 149, pl. tv, figs. 8, 4.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom.,
1845, p. 63.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab, Unio, 1852, p. 35, pl. vi, fig. 1; vu, fig.
1.—*ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., VI, 1853, p. 256.—* H. and A. ADAMs,
Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.—* CuENu, Man., 1859, II, p. 189, fig. 675.—
REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. X1x, fig. 86.—* CALKINS, Pr. Ottawa Ac.,
1874, p. 44.—* LaTcurorn, Tr. Ottawa F. N. Club, 1882, p. 50.—* B. H.
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* Pa:TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 165.—* Ca,
Tr. Ac. Sci., St. Louis, VII, 1895, p. 43, pl. vir.
* Margarita (Unio) rectus LBA, Syn., 1836, p. 34; 1838, p. 23.
*Margaron ( Unio) rectus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 35; 1870, p. 57.
*Lampsilis rectus SM1rH, Bull. U.S. Fish Com., 1899, p. 290, pl. LXxvilt.
t* Unio latissimna RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. Brux., Pt. 13, V, 1820, p. 297,
pl. Lxxx, figs. 14, 15.
*?2Unio prelongus BARNES,’ Am. Jl. of Sci., VI, 1823, p. 261, pl. x11, fig. 11.—
* HILDRETH, Am. JI. of Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 286, fig. 18.
* Mya prelonga Karon, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 220.—Woop, Ind. Test (Han-
ley), 1856, p. 200, pl. 1, Supp., fig. 11.
* Hurynea prelonga STIMPSON, Shells of N. Eng., 1851, p. 13.
t* Unio sageri CONRAD, Monog., VI, 1836, p. 53, pl. XXIX, fig. 1.
* 2Unio arquatus? CoNnRaD, J]. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1854, p. 297, pl. xxv1, fig. 8.—
B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.
Entire Mississippi drainage; Alabama River drainage; Red River of
the North; St. Lawrence system. DeCamp’s Unio anodontoides, reported
from Michigan, is a tawny colored variety of this species according’ to
Walker.
(Group of Lampsilis nasutus.)
Shell elongated, thin, compressed, with a distinct posterior ridge, and
drawn out to a long, pointed beak behind; epidermis rather dull, olive
green, and feebly rayed; beaks low, sculptured with fine, close-set
ridges, which are slightly looped in front and are parallel with the axis
of the shell behind; hinge teeth delicate and compressed; nacre bluish;
female shell not greatly produced in the post-basal region. Animal
with the marsupium often occupying the greater part of the length
of the outer gills posteriorly; inner gills free or united to the, abdomi-
nal sac.
+LAMPSILIS NASUTUS Say.
Unio nasutus Say, Nich. Encyc., 1st ed., 1816, pl. rv, fig. 1.—* Swainson, Zool. IIl.,
Istser., 1,1821, pl. Lvir.—*CoNnRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70.—*FERUSSAC,
Guerin Mag., 1835, p. 26.—* ConraD, Monog., IV, 1836, p. 38, pl. xvim, fig. 1,
1Barnes only gives an outline of his shell, which appears to me more like his U.
gibbosus than rectus. However in deference to the opinions of Hildreth, Lea, and
others, I place it in the synonymy of L. rectus. Hildreth’s description answers fairly
well to rectus, and it was submitted to Barnes for his inspection.
2Lea believes this to be a distorted rectus. I am not quite certain of it.
Proce. N. M. vol. xxii 3D
546 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
1870, p. 169, fig. 473.—-* HanLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 206.—* Dr Kay, Zool. of
N. Y., Pt. 5, 1843, p. 191, pl. xx, fig. 239.—* HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 206.—
CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 61.—*Conrap, Pr. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 252.—* H. and A. ApAms, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.—
*KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 223, pl. Lxxy, fig. 4.—* REEVE, Conch.
Icon., X VI, 1865, pl. xx1, fig. 94.—* HarTMAN and MICHENER, Conch. Cest.,
1874, p. 70, fig. 186.—*B. H. Wrieur, Check List, 1888.—*H. CARPENTER,
Naut., III, 1889, p. 94.—* PasTEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 160.
* Margarita (Unio) nasutus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 37; 1838, p. 24.
* Margaron (Unio) nasutus LEA, Syn., 1852, p.37; 1870, p. 60.
*Unio nasuta LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 75.—* DesHayes, An. sans
Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p.538; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 669.—* Hanury, Test. Moll.,
1842, p. 208; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 208.
*Mya nasuta EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 218.—* Woop, Index Test.(Hanley),
1856, p. 199, pl. 1, Supp., fig. 4.
*Eurynea nasuta AGASSIZ, Shells of New Eng., 1851, p. 13; Arch. fiir Naturg., I,
1852, p. 45.
* Unio rostrata VALENCIENNES, Rec. Obs. Zool., II, 1833, p. 233, pl. Lil, fig. 3.
* Unio vaughanianus SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXI, fig. 508.
St. Lawrence drainage; streams flowing into the Atlantic south to
North Carolina.
(Group of Lampsilis subrostratus.)
Shell elliptical to elongate, distinctly pointed behind, the point well
above the middle of the height, that of the female conspicuously
swollen at the posterior base and obliquely truncated behind; epider-
mis varying from olive to brown, generally more or less rayed and
slightly roughened; beaks not prominent, sculptured with fine, deli-
cate, parallel bars, which are somewhat looped in front and generally
descend obliquely behind; pseudocardinals usually compressed; nacre
bluish to purple. Animal with inner gills often more or less free from the
abdominal sac; posterior base of mantle of female generally toothed.
+LAMPSILIS SUBROSTRATUS Say.
Unio subrostratus Say, N. Harmony Diss., Jan. 15,1831; “Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—
*ConraD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 72.—* FeRussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p.
26.—* L. W. Say, Terr. and Fluv, Sheils, 1840, p.7.—* CoNRaD, Pr. Ac. N.
Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.—Kusrer, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 203, pl. LX viI.—
*LEwis, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1878, p. 273.—* Cau, Am. Nat., XIII, p.
392.—* B. H. Wrieur, Check List, 1888.—* ParEL, Conch., Sam., III, 1890,
p. 168. -
* Unio nashvillianus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 100, pl. xtv, fig. 43;
*Obs., I, 1834, p. 212, pl. xiv, fig. 43.—* FrrRussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—
*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.193; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 193, pl. x x11, fig. 31.—
*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 61.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 252.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 224, pl. Lxxv1,
figs. 1, 2.—SowrErpv, Conch. Icon., X VI, 1866, pl. Xxx, fig. 158.—* H. and A.
Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—* B. H. Wrient, Check List,
1888.--* PH#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 160.
' Conrad gives three figures under fig. 1. The first and second are U. fisherianus; the
third is a female nasutus.
On
—
=]
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON,
*Margarita (Unio) nashvillianus Lua, Syn., 1856, p. 26; 1838, p. 20.
*Margaron ( Unio) nashvilianus LKa, Syn., 1852, p. 29.
*Margaron (Unio) nashvilliensis LEA, Syu., 1870, p. 45.
t* Unio mississippiensis CONRAD, Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1850, p. 277, pl. xxxvu,
fig. 11.—*Conrap, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 252.—*H. and A.
ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll, II, 1857, p. 494.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861,
p. 245, pl. LXXXII, fig. 3.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. x1x, fig. 85.—
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PareL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 159.
*Margaron ( Unio) mississippiensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 60.
*Unio rutersvillensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p.155; “Jl. Ac. N. Sei.
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 355, pl. Lx, fig. 181; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 38, pl. Lx, fig.
181.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) rutersvillensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 43.
t* Unio topekaensis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 144; *JI. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1869, p. 313, pl. xxix, fig. 126; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 73, pl. xurx,
fig. 126.—* B. H.Wricut, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron ( Unio) topekaensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 43.
* Unio cocoduensis REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. 24, fig. 117.
Entire Mississippi drainage north to about latitude 41°. Eastern
half of Texas.
+* LAMPSILIS LIENOSUS Conrad.
*Unio lienosus CONRAD, Am. Jl. Sci., XXV, 1834, p. 339, pl. 1, fig. 4; *New
F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70.—* FERuUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25.—* ConrRaD,
Monog. VII, 1836, p. 60, pl. Xxxt1v, fig. 2.—* MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p.
197.—*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.194; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 194, pl. xx1, fig.
32.—*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 60.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab.
Unio, 1852, p. 67, pl. xvi, fig. 3.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853,
p. 251.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—* SowErsy,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxu1, fig. 166; 1868, pl. Lxxv, fig. 388.—* B. H.
Wriacut, Check List, 1888.—* Paret, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 157.
* Margarita (Unio) lienosus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 26; 1838, p. 20.
*Margaron (Unio) lienosus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 45.
*Unio saxeus CONRAD, Monog., XII, 1840, p. 109, -pl. Lx, fig. 1; Pr. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257.—* H. and A. ADamMs, Gen. Ree. Moll., I, 1857, p. 494.—
*B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa:TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 166.
*Margaron ( Unio) saxeus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 42.
“Unio caliginosus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 165; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X,
1848, p. 79, pl. vu, fig. 21; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 53, pl. v1, fig. 21.—* ConraD,
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 246.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll.,
II, 1857, p. 493.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 180, pl. Lv1, fig. 7.—
*B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* PasrEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 147.
*Margaron ( Unio) caliginosus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 45.
*Unio fontanus CONRAD,' Am. Jl. Sei., Il, 1866, p. 279, pl. xv, fig. 13.—* B. H.
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.
LAMPSILIS LIENOSUS var. UNICOSTATUS B. H. Wright.
*Unio unicostatus B. H. WRIGHT, Naut., XIII, 1899, p. 69.
Lower Mississippi River drainage north to the lower Ohio; east to
southwest Georgia.
1'The characters are poor in the indifferent type in the Academy of Natural
Sciences in Philadelphia, but I believe that it is a Lampsilis lienosus.
548 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXII.
+LAMPSILIS CONCESTATOR Lea.
*Unio concestator Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 31; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., [V, 1858, p. 66, pl. xu, fig. 48; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 66, pl. xu, fig. 48.—
*KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 178, pl. Lvt, fig. 3.—* REEVE, Conch.
Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxvi, fig. 128.—*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—
*PmeTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148.—*Srmpson, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
XVI, 1892, p. 416, pl. Lvi0, figs. 2-4.
“* Margaron (Unio) concestator LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 45.
t* Unio intercedens LA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p.32; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1858, p. 77, pl. xv, fig. 57; * Obs., VI, 1858, p. 77, pl. xv, fig. 57.—* B. H.
Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PTE, Conch. Sam., ITT, 1890, p. 155.
* Margaron (Unio) intercedens Lua, Syn., 1870, p. 45.
t* Unio fallax Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1X, 1857, p. 32; “Jl. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., IV,
1858, p. 79, pl. Xv, fig. 59; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 79, pl. xv, fig.59.—* KUSTER,
Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 206, pl. Lx vin, fig. 7.—* SowERBy, Conch, Icon.,
XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxx, fig. 418.—* B. H. WricHT, Check List, 1888.—* Pa7TEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 152.
* Margaron (Unio) fallax L¥A Syn., 1870, p. 45.
+* Unio contiguus LEa,' Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1861, p. 392; * JI. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., V, 1862, p. 199, pl. xxv1i, fig. 268; Obs., IX, 1863, p. 21, pl. xxvin, fig.
268.—B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—P TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148.
* Margaron (Unio) contiguus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 45.
*Unio bi-caelatus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxv1, fig. 130.—* P&TEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 146.
t* Unio genuinus Lama, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XX, 1868, p. 161; *J1. Ac. N. Sei. Phil.,
VI, 1868, p. 305, pl. xivi, fig. 117; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 64, pl. xLv1, fig. 117.—
*B. H. Wrieuat, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) genuinus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 45.
North Carolina. in streams flowing into the sea, to Louisiana, and
possibly to Texas. Some specimens are very close to lienosus.
LAMPSILIS PROPRIUS Lea.?
* Unio proprius Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1865, p. 89; *Jl. Ac. N. Sei. Phila.,
VI, 1869, p. 256, pl. xxx1, fig. 70; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 16, pl. xxx1, fig. 70.—
*B. WH. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) proprius LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 45.
* Unio striatus SowERBY, Conch. Icon., X VI, 1868, pl. Lxxvui, fig. 407.
Walker County, Georgia; Clinch River, Virginia.
LAMPSILIS PUNICEUS Haldeman.
*Unio puniceus HALDEMAN,® Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1842, p. 201.—Conrap,
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 255.—B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) puniceus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 46.
Holston River, Tennessee.
1A large rather thin L. concestator, I think.
2Possibly distinct, but more likely a mere light-colored variety of L. Vanuxemensis.
31 believe that this species has never been figured. From the description I should
judge that it belonged in this group, and it may be synonymous with some one of
its species.
pes!
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 549
+ LAMPSILIS VANUXEMENSIS Lea.
“Unio vanuxemensis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 36, pl. x1, fig. 31; *Obs.,
II, 1838, p. 36, pl. x1, fig. 31.—* TRoscuHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg, V, 1839, Pt. 2,
p. 436.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.193; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 193, pl. xx11,
fig. 56.—* CarLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 65.— * CHENU, Ill. Conch.,
1858, pl. XIX, figs. 3, 3a, 3b.—*H. and A. ADAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.
495.—*~ KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 272, pl. xct, fig. 6.—* P&TEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 171.
*Margarita (Unio) vanuxemensis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 26; 1838, p. 19.
*Margaron (Unio) vanuxemensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29.
*Unio vanuxemensis CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1853, p. 259.
*Margaron (Unio) vanuxemii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 46.
*Unio vanuxemit B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.
t* Unio nitens La, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 288; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII,
1843, p. 205, pl. xu, fig. 19; *Obs., ITI, 1842, p. 43, pl. xu, fig. 19.—* Conran,
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 253.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab., 1856, p. 163, pl.
XLVU, fig. 1.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 498.—* CHENU,
Ml. Conch., 1858, pl. xxviu, figs. 5, 5a, 5b.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon. XVI, 1865,
pl. xxvil, fig. 144.—*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Pare, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 161. ;
*Margaron (Unio) nitens Lira, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 45.
t* Unio umbrans LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p.104; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
V, 1858, p. 72, pl. x11, fig.53; *Obs., VI, 1858, pl. xm, fig. 53.—*SowERBy,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxrv, fig. 179.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List,
1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 171.
* Margaron (Unio) wmbrans LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 45.
t Unio tenebricus Lra, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., EX, 1857, p. 171; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
TV, 1858, p. 83, pl. xvu, fig. 63; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 83, pl. xvi, fig. 63.—* B. H.
Wriacut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) tenebricus Lr, Syn., 1870, p. 45.
t * Unio pybastt Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 40; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V,
1862, p. 67, pl. v1, fig. 216; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 71, pl. v1, fig. 216.—*B. H.
Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 164.
* Margaron (Unio) pybasit Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 45.
t* Unio fabaceus LEA,! Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 38; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., V, 1862, p. 90, pl. x11, fig. 238; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 94, pl. xm, fig.
238.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) fabaceus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 46.
t* Unio copet LEA,” Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 144; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VI, 1869, p. 307, pl. xLvu, fig. 120; * Obs., XII, 1869, p. 67, pl. xLvu, fig. 120.—
*B. H. WriGcut, Check List, 1888.
“ Margaron (Unio) copet LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 45.
t * Unio dispansus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p.191; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VIII, 1874, p. 19, pl. vi, fig. 16; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 23, pl. vi, fig. 16.—* B. H.
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.
Cumberland and Tennessee river systems; headwaters of the Coosa.
+LAMPSILIS OBSCURUS Lea.
“Unio obscurus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1839, p. 7, pl. 111, fig. 7, *Obs., II, 1838,
p. 7, pl. u1, fig. 7.—* TRoscHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 234.—
* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 194; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 194, pl. xx11, fig. 58.—
1A small, rather short form of vanuxremensis.
> The type is rather thin and high, but is no doubt a mere variation of the above
species.
550 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 61.—* CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858,
pl. Xvu, figs. 1, la, 16.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—
*KustTer, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 220, pl. Lxxtv, fig. 3.—* PATEL, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 161.
*Margarita (Unio) obscurus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 26; 1838, p. 20.
*Margaron (Unio) obscurus LE, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 45.
* Margarita (Unio) zeiglerianus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 26; 1838, p. 20.
* Unio zeiglerianus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 32, pl. x, fig. 27; * Obs., I],
1838, p. 32, pl. x, fig. 27.—~* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 235.—
*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 193, * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 193, pl. xx, fig. 57.—
*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 65.—*H. and A. ADAMs, Gen.
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* CuENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xxiv, figs. 2, 2a,
2b.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxv1, fig. 19.—* B. H. Wri1GuT,
Check List, 1888.—P TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 172.
* Margaron ( Unio) zeiglerianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 45.1
Tennessee and Cumberland river systems; Lower Ohio and its tribu-
taries.
+LAMPSILIS PRATTII Lea.
*Unio prattii Lna, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 166; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1859, p. 206, pl. xxIv, figs. 88, 88a; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 24, pl. XxIv, fig.
88.—* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) prattii Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 45.
Chattahoochee River, Georgia.
+LAMPSILIS VAUGHANIANUS Lea.
* Margarita (Unio) vaughanianus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 39;° 1838, p. 25.
*Unio vaughanianus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 5, pl. 11, fig. 5; *Obs.,
II, 1838, p. 5, pl. 111, fig. 5.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2. p.
234.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 208; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 208, pl. xx, — .
fig. 48.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 65.—*ConraD, Pr. Ac.
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 259.—* CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, pl. xx1, figs. 11a,
11b.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.—* B. H. WRIGHT,
Check List, 1888.—*P TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 171.
* Margaron (Unio) vaughanianus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 38; 1870, p. 61.
Near Camden, South Carolina.
+LAMPSILIS OGEECHEENSIS Conrad.
* Unio ogeecheensis CONRAD, Ann. and Mag. N. Hist., IV, 1849, p. 300; Jl. Ac. N. Sei.
Phila., I, 1850, p. 275, pl. XxX vi, figs. 3,4; *Pr. Ac. N.Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p.
254.
* Unio prevostianus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 269, pl. XIX, fig. 24; *Obs., V,
1852, p. 25, pl. xrx, fig. 24.—*ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 255.—
*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., IT, 1857, p.494.—*MusGRAVE, Phot. Conch.,
1863, pl. 1, fig. 10.—*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 164.
*Margaron ( Unio) prevostianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 44.
* Unio proximus La, Pr. Am. Phil. Soe., V, 1852, p. 252; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852,
1 T believe that the L. obscurus is only the fully adult form of U. zeiglerianus, which
when quite young shows very delicate and beautiful rays.
2In this case, owing to delay in the publication of the transactions, the name
appeared in the Synopsis first, and under the generic name Margarita.
ees eet en wel
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIA DES—SIMPSON. 551
p: 271, pl. Xx, fig. 27; *Obs., V, 1852,-p. 27, pl. XX, tig. 27.—*Conrap, Pr. Ac. N.
Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 255.—*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.
494.—*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—P®TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p.
164.
*Margaron (Unio) proximus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 45.
Unio tenerus SIMPSON, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 416, pl. Lviil, figs. 5 and 8.!
Neuse River, North Carolina; south to north Florida; west to the
Etowah River, Georgia; Duck River, Tennessee.
+ LAMPSILIS CONSTRICTUS Conrad.
*Unio lienosus var. constrictus CONRAD, Monog. X, 1838, p. 91, pl. XLIX, fig. 4.
*Unio constrictus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 247.—*H. and A.
ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll. II, 1857, p. 493.—*SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868,
pl. LXxxvui, fig. 464.—*B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—*PaTEL, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 148.
*Margaron (Unio) constrictus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 46.
*Unio genthii Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p. 85; *Jl. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., 1862,
p. 57, pl. u, fig. 204; *Obs. VIII, 1862, p. 61, pl. 1, fig. 204.—*B. H. WrRiGuHtT,
Check List, 1888.—*P a TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 153.
*Margaron (Unio) genthiti Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 41.
James River, Virginia; south to South Carolina; Floyd County,
northwest Georgia; northern Alabama; Tennessee.
+t LAMPSILIS APICINUS Lea.
*Unio apicinus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p.32; “Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1858, p. 76, pl. xiv, fig. 56; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 76, pl. xIv, fig. 56.—*B. H.
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.
*Margaren (Unio) apicinus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 44.
Othcalooga Creek, Gordon County, Georgia.
+t LAMPSILIS OCCIDENTALIS Conrad.
*Unio occidentalis CONRAD, Monog., VII, 1836, p. 64, pl. xxxvI, fig.1; *Pr. Ac. N.
Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 253.—*H. and A. ADAmMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.
492.—*B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,
p. 161.
* Margaron ( Unio) occidentalis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 53.
Current and Little Red rivers, Arkansas.
tLAMPSILIS NIGERRIMUS Lea.
* Unio nigerrimus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 268, pl. xvull, fig. 23; *Obs.,V,
1852, p. 24, pl. x vin, fig. 23.—*ConraD, Pr. Ac. N.Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 253.—
*H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—*B. H. Wricut, Check
List, 1888.—*PamTrEeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 161.
*Margaron (Unio) nigerrimus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 31; 1870, p. 49.
*Unio fuligo REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1856, pl. xxx, fig. 159.—*Pa&TEL, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 153.
Alexandria, Louisiana, to eastern Texas; Indiana?
(Group of Lampsilis iris.)
Shell rather small, elliptical, moderately solid in front, thinner
behind; epidermis covered with dark green, broken rays, beak sculp-
! As of Ravenel, who, however, never described the species.
552 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
ture consisting of irregular ridges and corrugations that have a ten-
dency to fall into two loops, which are sometimes slightly nodulous
below; nacre bluish, becoming beautifully iridescent posteriorly.
Animal having the inner branchiz free or united to the abdominal sac;
mantle border often maculated and generally, in the female, having
papilla below the marsupium; marsupium having a strong, deep sulcus
parallel with and near to the base.
tLAMPSILIS IRIS Lea.
*Unioiris Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., ITI, 1830, p. 439. pl. 1x, fig. 18; *Obs., I, 1834, p. 53,
pl. x1, fig. 18.—*Conrap, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 69.—*FERussac, Guer.
Mag., 1835, p. 26.—* DEsHAyYES. An. sansVert, 2ded., VI, 1835, p. 550; 3d. ed., LI,
1839, p. 673.—*HANLEY, Test. Moll. 1842, p. 206; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 206, pl.
XXI, fig. 87.—*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 60.—*H. and A.
ADAMS,Gen. Rec. Moll., I, 1857, p. 491.—*CuHENU, I11.Conch., 1858, pl.vin, figs.
7, Ta, 7b.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. XXIx, fig. 148.—*CALKINS. Pr.
Ottawa Ac. Sci., 1874, p.42.—*B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.
* Margarita (Unio) tris LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 37; 1838, p. 25.
* Margaron (Unio) iris La, Syn., 1852, p.38; 1870, p. 60.!
*Lampsilis iris BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 105, pl. xin, fig. 1; x1v,
fig. 2. oa
* Unio creperus Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 33, pl. x, fig. 28; *Obs., II, 1838, p.
33, pl. X, fig. 28.—*TRoscHEL, Arch, fiir Naturg., V, 1859, Pt. 2, p. 235.—*Con-
RAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 247.—*CuHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl.
XXII, figs. 5, 5a, 5b.—*H. and A. ApaMs, Gen. Ree. Moll., Il, 1857, p. 493.—
; *B. H. WriGut, Check List, 1888.
* Margarita (Unio) creperus Lma, Syn. 1836, p. 28; 1838, p. 20.
* Margaron (Unio) creperus La, Syn. 1852, p. 31; 1870, p. 48.
* Unio cresserus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 196.—*CarTLow and REEV#, Conch.
Tcon., 1845, p. 58.
t* Unio novi-eboracit La, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 104, pl. xxiv, fig. 114;
*Obs., IT, 1838, p. 104, pl. xx1v, fig. 114.—*TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839,
Pt. 2, p. 237.—*HANnLeEy, Test. Moll., 1842, p.190; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 190.—
*DE Kay, Zool. of N. Y., Pt.5, 1845, pl. xx, fig. 240.—*CaTLow and REEVE,
Conch. Nom, 1845, p. 61.—-*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., IT, 1857, p. 491.—
*CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xix, figs. 5, 5a, 5b.—* KuUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio.
1861, p. 221, pl. LXxIv, fig. 4.—*SowrErRby, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxviu,
fig. 206.—*CaLkIns, Pr. Ottawa Ac. Sci. 1874, p.43.—*B. H. Wricut, Check
List, 1888.—*PasTEL, Conch. Sam. ITI, 1890, p. 161.
* Margarita (Unio) novi-eboraci LEA Syn., 1838, p. 19.
*Margaron ( Unio) novi-eboracit LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 60.
“Unio radiatus DE Kay, Zool. of N. Y., Pt. 5, 1848, p. 189, pl. x vit, fig. 236.
“Unio subrostratus KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio. 1861, p. 203, pl. Lxvn, fig. 3.—
“REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xvn, fig. 78.
St. Lawrence drainage; west to southern Michigan; Ohio River sys-
tem; Illinois and Wisconsin.’
' Dr. Lea states in the Synopsis in the above reference that Say’s U. subrostratus is
identical with his iris. He is certainly mistaken.
> Lea places Unio opalinus Anthony (Am. J1. Conch. II, 1866, p. 146, pl.vt, fig. 2) in the
synonymy of the above species. It is an oval, compressed, greenish-yellow shell
according to the figure and description, and seems to have been injured anteriorly.
I can not tell what itis. It is credited by Anthony to Michigan.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 553
tLAMPSILIS FATUUS Lea.!
* Unio fatuus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 287; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842,
pe2Ol ply xx, fig. 14; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 39, pl. x1, fig. 14.—*Conrab, Pr. Ac.
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 249.—* H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857,
p. 491.—* CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, pl. xxx1, figs. 4, 4a, 4b. —* KustrerR, Conch.
Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 287, pl. xcvi, fig. 5.—* B. H. Wrient, Check List, 1888,—
*PHTEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 152.
* Margaron (Unio) fatuus La, Syn., 1852, p. 38; 1870, p. 61.
* Unio dactylus Lra, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 287; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII,
1842, p. 196, pl. rx, fig.7; * Obs., HI, 1842, p. 34, pl. 1x, fig. 7.—* Conran, Pr.
Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248.—* CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, pl. xxx, figs.
5, da, 5b.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.—* B. H.Wriaut,
Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) dactylus Lea, Syn., 1852, p.36; 1870, p.57.
Tennessee River system. One shell from Beaver River, Pennsyl-
vania seems to be this.
LAMPSILIS PLANICOSTATUS ea
Unio planicostatus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., [V, 1860, p. 92; AC INES Cie
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 354, pl. Lx, fig. 179; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. e pl. ix, fig.
179.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) planicostatus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 43.
Warren County, Kentucky; Clinch River, Tennessee; Tuscumbia,
Alabama.
tLAMPSILIS NEBULOSUS Conrad.?
*Unionebulosus CONRAD, New F'.W. Shells, 1834, p. 28, pl. 111, fig.7; p.70.—* FERUS-
sac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—*MOLLER, Syn. Noy. Gen., 1836, p. 202.—
*CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist. ser., III, 1845, p. 16, pl.1, fig. 4.—* Conrap, Pr. Ac.
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 252.—* B. H. Wrient, Check List, 1888.—* P#TEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 160.
* Margarita Unio) cumberlandianus LEA, Syun., 1836, p. 27; 1838, p. 20.
* Margaron (Unio) cumberlandianus LEa, Syn., 1852, p. 30.
t* Unio eumberlandicus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 25, pl. vit, fig. 19; *Obs.,
IT, 1858, p. 25, pl. vit, fig. 19.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p.
235.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842,p. 191; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 195, pl. xx11, fig.
59.—* CATLOW and REE ve, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58.—*CONRAD, Pr. Kes ING
1Tt is doubtful whether ang: is more than a variety of the preceding. In AOE.
it has a rather more cylindrical shell, less rayed, and more decidedly and suddenly
thickened in front than iris, but there are intermediate forms.
*After carefully comparing again and again large series of specimens, I confess
that I can not possibly separate the large number of so-called species I have united
under this, the oldest name. It may seem a little strange that a species should be
found in the Ohio River area and Gulf drainage, but recent research has proven
that a large number of our common Upper Mississippi Valley and Ohio River forms
are found in the Coosa, Alabama, Black Warrior, and adjoining streams. There is
some variation in the brightness of the painting of a number of these so-called
species, and in the form of different specimens, but no more than is found in many
other abundant, widely-distributed forms, and the figure on pl. m1 of the New
Fresh-water Shells fairly well represents the general manifestation of the males of
this species.
HDA PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 247.—* H. and A. ADams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857,
p. 493.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xxiv, figs. 1, la, 1b.—* SowERBy,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxv1, fig. 197.—* B. H. Wricut, Check IS,
1888. _*Pxtan, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 149.
* Margaron (Unio) cumberlandicus TL, Syn., 1870, p. 48.
+* Unio notatus Lna,Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 28, pl. v1, fig.22; * Obs., II, 1838,
p. 28, pl. vi, fig. 22.—* TRoscHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 235.—
*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 193; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 193, pl. x x11, fig. 9.—
*CarLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 61.—* H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Ree.
Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—*CuENUu, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xx1, figs. 3, 3a, 3b.—
*B.H. Wriaat, Check. List, 1888.—* P#Ter, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 161.
* Vargarita (Unio) notatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 26; 1838, p. 19.
* Margaron (Unio) notatus Lea, Syn., 1852, p.29; 1870, p.45.
+* Unio glaber Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 34, pl. x, fig. 29; *Obs., II,
1838, p. 34, pl. x, fig. 29.—* TrRoscHEL, Arch. fiir. Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p.
236.—" HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 196; * Biv. Moll., 1843, p. 196, pl. xxi,
fig. 2.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 59.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac.
N. Sei., Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857,
p. 494.—* Cumunu, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xxiv, figs. 3, 3a, 3b.—* SOWERBY,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxxv, fig. 452.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List,
1888.—*P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 153.
* Margarita (Unio) glaber Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 28; 1838, p. 20.
* Margaron (Unio) glaber L¥a, Syn., 1852, p. 31; 1870, p. 48.
*Unio radians Lma, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 82; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
1V, 1859, p. 201, pl. xx, fig. 84; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 19, pl. xxm1, fig. 84.—
*B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) radians LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 46.
t* Unio jonesii Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 171; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1860, p. 339, pl. rv, fig. 164; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 21, pl. Liv, fig. 164,—
*B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch., Sam., III, 1890, p. 156.
* Margaron ( Unio) jonesii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 48.
t * Unio discrepans LEA, Pr. Ac. N.Sci. Phila., TV, 1860, p. 92; *Jl. Ac. N. Sei.
Phila., 1V, 1860,p. 340, pl. Lv, fig. 165; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 22, pl. Lv, fig.
165.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxtv, fig. 176.—*B. H.
Wriacut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 151. .
* Margaron (Unio) discrepans LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 48.
+ * Unio scitulus Lia, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 98; *J1. Ac. N. Sei. Phila.,
IV, 1860, p. 342, pl. Lv, fig. 167; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 24, pl. Lv, fig. 167.—* B.
H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
* Vargaron (Unio) scitulus Lwa, Syn., 1870, p. 45.
+ * Unio lingueformis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 305; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 345, pl. Lv, fig. 170; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 27, pl. Lv1,
fig. 170.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) lingueformis Lra, Syn., 1870, p. 48.
+t * Unio perpictus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 306; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 350, pl. Lv, fig. 175; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 32, pl.
Lvl, fig. 175; *B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888. *
* Margaron (Unio) perpictus Lua, Syn., 1870, p. 44.
t*Unio difficilis Lwa,! Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 144; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1869, p. 311, pl. xix, fig. 124; * Obs., XII, 1869, p. 71, pl. xurx,
fig. 124.—* B. H. WricuT, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron ( Unio) difficilis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 46.
''Two shells are in the Lea collection; one adult and badly worn, the other young, :
I believe it to be only a form of nebulosus.
De at)
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 555
+* Unio sparus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XX, 1868, p. 143; *J1. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1868, p. 306, pl. xLvu, fig.119; *Obs., XII, p. 66, pl. xLvu, fig.
119.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1838.
* Margaron (Unio) sparus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 45.
Cumberland and Tennessee rivers systems, Green River, Kentucky;
Tombigbee and Alabama rivers drainage; Columbus, Georgia; Wolfs-
ville, North Carolina.
+ LAMPSILIS MUHLFELDIANUS Lea.!
*Unio mihlfeldianus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 41, pl. xu, fig. 36; *Obs.,
TI, 1838, p. 41, pl. x11, fig. 36.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p.
236.—*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.195; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 196., pl. x x11,
fig. 60.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.61.—*ConrabD, Pr. Ac.
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 252.—* CuENw, Il]. Conch., 1858, pl. xvu, figs. 5,
5a, 5b.—* H. and A. ADAmMs, Gen. -Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—* SowxERBy,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxviul, fig. 211.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List,
1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 160.
*Margarita (Unio) miihlfeldianus Lua, Syn., 1856, p. 27; 1838, p. 20.
*Margaron (Unio) miihlfeldianus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 50; 1870, p. 48.
Cumberland River; Watauga River near Johnson City, 'Tennessee.
+LAMPSILIS AMCENUS Lea.?
*Unio amenus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 286; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soe., VIII,
1842, p. 200, pl. x, fig. 12; * Obs., III, 1842, p. 200, pl. x, fig. 12.—* ConraD,
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 244.—* HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1856, p. 386,
pl. xxrv, fig. 9.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xxx, figs. 5, 5a, 56.—* H.
and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon.,
XVI, 1868, pl. LXxrx, fig. 416.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 144.
*Margaron (Unio) amenus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 45.
Holston River, Tennessee.
+LAMPSILIS TENER Lea.’
* Unio tener LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 286; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1840,
p. 198, pl. x, fig. 10; *Obs., ITI, 1842, p. 36, pl. x, fig. 10.—*CaTLow and REEVE,
Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64.—* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.—
*H. and A. ApaMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch.,
1858, pl. xxxI, figs. 1, la, 1b.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* PHTEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 169.
Margaron (Unio) tener Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 28; 1870, p. 44.
t* Unio regularis Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., II, 1841, p.82; * Tr. Am. Phil Soc., VIII,
1842, p. 243, pl. xxv, fig.59; * Obs., III, 1842, p. 81, pl. xxv, fig. 59.—* CONRAD,
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 256.—* CHENU, III. Conch., 1858, p]. xx xu,
fig. 3, 3a, 3b.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. —* SOwERBY,
1 Lea has only a single specimen in his collection. -I consider it a species of doubt-
ful validity.
2Doubtfully valid. More regularly elliptical than nebulosus, and the dorsal and
basal lines are more nearly paraliel.
*1 have only seen the type, a miserably eroded, broken shell, part of which is
missing, but I have no doubt that it is the same thing as regularis.
556 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. YOU. XXI. |
Conch. Icon.. XVI, 1868, pl. Lx vin, fig. 351.—* B. H. WrieH?, Check List,
1888.—P TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 161.
* Margaron ( Unio) reqularis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 45.
Big Pigeon and French Broad rivers, Tennessee; near Bowling Green,
Kentucky.
+ LAMPSILIS SIMUS Lea.
* Margarita (Unio) simus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 29; 1838, p. 21.
* Unio simus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 26, pl. vu, fig. 20; * Obs., II, 1838,
p. 26, pl. vim, fig. 20.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 235.—
* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 197; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 197.— * CatLow
and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64.—* ConrabD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI,
1853, p. 257.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494; * CHENU,
Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xx1, figs. 4, 4a, 4b.—* KuSTER, Conch., Cab. Unio, 1861,
p. 248, pl. LXxxu1I, fig. 4, p. 262, pl. LXxxxvitl, fig. 3.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check
List, 1888.—* PTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 167.!
*Margaron (Unio) simus LE, Syn., 1852, p. 31; 1870, p. 50.
*Unio notatus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 253.
*Unio spatulatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxv, fig. 328.
*? Unio proximus KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 248, pl. Lxxx1n, fig. 4.
Cumberland and Tennessee river systems; Othcalooga Creek, north-
west Georgia.
+ LAMPSILIS PLANCUS Lea.’
“Unio plancus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., IV, 1860, p. 307; ~ Jl. Ac. N. Sei.
Phila., V, 1862, p. 81, pl. x, fig. 229; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 85, pl. x, fig. 229.—
*B. H.Wriaut, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) plancus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 50.
Coosa River at Wetumpka, Alabama.
(Group of Lampsilis subangulatus.)
Shell elliptical, inflated, subsolid, drawn to a point behind; that of
the female only slightly swollen just behind the central base; bars of
the beak sculpture somewhat coarse, feebly double looped; epidermis
very smooth, shining, brightly rayed; teeth rather smooth, subcom-
pressed; nacre bluish or purplish. Animal having the marsupium very
large; ovisacs numerous; gills large, nearly semicircular.
LAMPSILIS SUBANGULATUS Lea.
*Unio subangulatus Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p.287; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.,
VIII, 1842, p. 29, pl. xii, fig. 235 * Obs., III, 1842, p. 47, pl. xm, fig. 23.—* H.
and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858,
pl. XxIx, figs. 2, 2a, 2b6.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 278, pl. xcrv,
fig. 2.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,
p. 168.—* Simpson, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1892, p. 415, pl. Lv, fig. 1.
*Margaron (Unio) subangulatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 45.
* Unio fasciolus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 249.
Appalachicola River system, Georgia and Florida.
'Spelled sinus, but no doubt intended for simus.
2 Doubtfully distinct from simus. Ihave seen only the type.
Cn
On
~l
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIA DIES—SIMPSON.
+LAMPSILIS KIRKLANDIANUS S. H. Wright.!
*Unio kirklandianus 8S. H. Wricur, Nautilus, X, 1897, p. 136.
~ Lampsilis kirklandianus Simpson, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., 1900, p. 76, pl. 1, fig. 7.
Ocklocknee river, Leon County, Florida.
(Group of Lampsilis ellipsiformis.)
Shell elliptical, subinflated, pointed behind, that of the female but
slightly swollen at the post base; behind this inflation there is a slight
sinus; beak sculpture doubly looped, the hinder loop sometimes open
behind; epidermis dull, rayed with wavy lines, generally arranged in
bands; nacre white.
Animal with the marsupium colored below; gills large, inner wholly
united to or only free from the abdominal sack a short distance.
+ LAMPSILIS ELLIPSIFORMIS Conrad.
* Unio ellipsiformis CONRAD, Monog., VIII, 1836, p. 60, pl. xxx1v, fig. 1.—* B. H.
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.
* Unio spatulatus Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 164; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.,
X, 1848, p. 80, pl. vin, fig. 22; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 54, pl. vim, fig. 22; Pr. Ac.
5
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857,
p. 495.—* KustTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 261, pl. Lxxxvil, fig. 7.—
* CALKINS, Pr. Ottawa, Ac. Sci., 1874, p. 45.—* B. H. Wriacut, Cheek List,
1888.—* Pa TEL Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 168.
* Margaron (Unio) spatulatus LEA.
* Lampsilis spatulatus BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 106, pl. x, fig.5; x11,
fig. 2.
Upper Mississippi Valley generally; south to about latitude 38°;
western New York; southern Michigan; southern Canada; Red River
of the North.
+LAMPSILIS PLEASII Marsh.
* Unio pleasiti Marsu, the Observer (a newspaper), II, May, 1891; Nautilus, V,
1891, p. 2.
Little Red River, Arkansas; Morrisville, Polk County, Missouri.
+ LAMPSILIS ARKANSASENSIS Lea.
“Unio arkansasensis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1862, p. 169; *Jl. Ac. N. Sei.
Phila., V, 1862, p. 206, pl. Xxx, fig. 275; *Obs., IX, 1863, p. 28, pl. xxx, fig. 275.—
“B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
Hot Springs, Arkansas; Saline River near Benton, Arkansas. (Call.)
+LAMPSILIS OZARKENSIS Call.
*Unio ozarkensis CALL, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., X, 1887, p. 498, pl. xxv11.—*B. H.
Wricut, Check List, 1888.—*CaLt, Tr. Ac. Sci., St. Louis, VII, 1895, p. 33, pl.
XVIII.
Jack’s Ford of Current River, Missouri; White River, Arkansas.
1A lovely, brilliant little species, nearly allied to subangulatus, but probably
distinct.
558 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
(Group of Lampsilis trabalis.)
Shell solid, that of the male sinuate at post base, and sometimes pro-
‘duced posteriorly, female shell wider, only slightly sinuous; beak seulp-
ture rather coarse, feebly doubly looped; epidermis dark, with wavy,
capillary rays; hinge heavy; nacre bluish-white or purple; animal
unknown. !
+ LAMPSILIS TRABALIS Conrad.
*Unio trabalis CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, May 3, 1834, p. 27, pl. m1, fig.5; p.
72.—*FERuSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—*MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p.
201.—*CONRAD, Monog. ., XII, 1840, p. 110, pl. Lx, fig. 2.—*CHENU, Bib. Conch.,
Ist ser., IIT, 1845, p. 15, pl. 1, fig. 3.—* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N.Sci. Phila., VI, 1853,
p. 259.—* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.
t Unio troostensis Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834 (August or September), p. 71, pl.
x, fig. 80; *Obs., 1, 1834, p. 183, pl. x, fig. 30.—* FrERussac, Guer. Mag., 1835,
p. 29.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.186; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 186, pl. xx,
fig. 24.—CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.64.—* H. and A. ADAMs,
Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1858, p. 496.—* KusrreR, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 193, pl.
LXI, fig. 4.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. rxxvin, fig. 406,.—
*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 170.
*Margarita (Unio) troostensis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 21; 1838, p. 18.
*Margaron (Unio) troostensis Lra, Syu., 1852, p. 25.
*Margaron (Unio) troostii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 39.
“Unio troostii B. HW. WriGuT, Check List, 1888.
“Unio vanuxemensis SOwWERBY, Conch. Icon., 1866, pl. XXxIx, fig. 216.
Kentucky and streams of Tennessee; Clinch River, Virginia.
+} LAMPSILIS PERPURPUREUS Lea.
“Unio perpurpureus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 41; ~Jl. Ac. N. Sei.
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 46, pl. xvi, fig. 44; “Obs., XI, 1867, p. 50, pl. xv1u, fig. 44.—
*B. H. WrRieutT, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) perpurpureus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 48.
*Unio troostensis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXXIX, fig. 415.
Tennessee River, drainage, extending into Virginia in the Clinch.
(Group of Lampsilis modioliformis. )
Shell elliptical, thin, quite evenly rounded before and behind, some.
what inflated; beak sculpture consisting of a few parallel bars, looped
in front, and generally open; epidermis with beautiful, rather broad,
generally unbroken, sometimes slightly wavy rays; nacre brilliantly
iridescent eOstenlonly, teeth compressed. The female shell is greatly
1 Certain ale Syste of it, eae differ so remar ae from foes of the females
and from any other known Naiades that it might be supposed that they belonged to
an isolated group. Other male shells, however, differ but little from the females,
and in L. perpurpureus, a species so close to L. trabalis that it is often difficult to
separate them, the male shells differ but slightly from those of the females.
Through this former species the group seems very closely related to that of ellipst-
formis, and so on to the assemblage typified by L. iris.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 559
expanded posteriorly, the outline sometimes being almost arcuate on the
middle base, and sweeping around in a regular curve to the ligament.
Animal with mantle border often spotted, and in the female furnished
-with fine, well-developed papillz on the post-ventral region; branchial
opening large, with many strong papille; marsupium projecting greatly
below the rest of the gills, rounded below; ovisacs large and distinct.
+ LAMPSILIS MODIOLIFORMIS Lea.
* Unio modioliformis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p.97, pl. x11, fig. 40; *Obs., I,
1834, p. 209, pl. xu, fig. 40.—* Frrussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* HANLEy,
Test. Moll., 1842, p. 209; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 209, pl. xx111, fig. 37.—* CaTLOW
and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.61.—*H. and A. ApaAms, Gen. Ree. Moll., IT,
1857, p. 492.—* CHENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 139, fig. 678.—*B. H. Wricut, Check
List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 159.—* Simpson, Pr. U.S. Nat.
Mus., XV, 1892, p. 414, pl. LVI, figs. 2, 3, 6.
*Margarita (Unio) modioliformis LEA, Syn., 1856, p. 39; 1838, p. 25.
*Margaron (Unio) modioliformis Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 39; 1870, p. 44.
* Unio tenerus RAVENEL, Cat., 1834, p. 58.!—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 209;
* Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 209.—* Conrap, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p.
258.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.
* Margarita (Unio) tenerus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 39; 1838, p. 25.
*Margaron (Unio) tenerus LEA, Syn., 1852, p.39; 1870, p. 44.
*Unio delumbis KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 207, pl. LXIX, fig. 1.
Santee Canal, South Carolina, south to north Florida; probably west
to Mississippi.
tLAMPSILIS GRACILIOR Lea.
*Unio gracilior LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 262; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., IV, p. 56, pl. viii, fig. 38; *Obs., VI, p. 56, pl. vii, fig. 38.—* B. H.
Wricat, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) gracilior LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 45.
t* Unio obfuscus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p.172; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1859, p. 197, pl. x x11, fig. 80; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 15, pl. xxu1, fig. 80.—*B. H.
Wricnt, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) obfuscus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 45.
Near Macon, Georgia.
+ LAMPSILIS VIBEX Conrad.
* Unio vibex Conrad, New L. and F.W. Shells, 1834, p. 31, pl. 1v, fig. 3, p. 72.2—
FERUSSAC, Guerin Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 203.—
*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 198; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 195.—* CHENU,
1T am not aware that any description of Ravenel’s species has ever been published.
In his catalogue, he gives it this name, and refers to his manuscripts only. Speci-
mens that he gave Dr. Lea, which are credited to him from the Santee canal in pencil
on the shells, are undoubtedly modioliformis. Other specimeus from another locality,
which Lea has put with these, and has called Unio tenerus Ravenel, are undoubtedly
L. prevostianus Lea. It was these latter specimens which caused me to be mistaken
in the identity of Unio tenerus in my paper in Proceedings of the United States
National Museum, XV, p. 416.
2One lot in the Academy of Sciences is the same as the exiguus of Lea, another is
the same as Lea’s nashvillianus. Conrad’s figure, which is not very good, agrees
fairly well with the former, but is certainly not the latter.
960 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX.
Bib. Gamat, 1st ser., III, 1816, Do IT, Til, wor, Ae 6.— © CATL Ow anal REEVE,
Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 65.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.
495.—* B. H. Wrient, Check List, 1888.—* PasTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p.
171.
*Margarita (Unio) vibex Lr, Syn., 1836, p. 27; 1838, p. 20.
* Margaron (Unio) vibex Lua, Syn., 1852, p.30; 1870, p. 48.
t* Unio eriguus LHA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 287.—* Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII,
1842, p.191, pl. vu, fig. 1; * Obs., IIT, 1842, p. 29, pl. v1, fig. 1.—* Conran, Pr.
Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248.—* H. and A. ApDams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II,
1857, p. 494.—* CHENU, II]., Conch., 1858, pl. xxx, figs, 1, 1a, 1b.'—* SOWERBY,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, p. 38, fig. 208.—* B. H. Wrient, Check List, 1888.—
* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 152.
* Margaron (Unio) exiguus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 43.
+t* Unio stagnalis CONRAD, Ann. and Mag. N. Hist., IV, 1849, p. 300; *Pr. Ac. N.
Sci. Phila., IV, 1849, p. 1535? J]. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1850, p. 275, pl. xxxvu,
fig.2; Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree.
MollL., II, 1857, p. 495.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* ParEL, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 168.
* Margaron (Unio) stagnalis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 42.
+ *Unio rutilans LBA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 262; * Jl. Ac. N. Sei.
Phila., IV, 1858, p. 59, pl. 1x, fig. 41; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 59, pl. 1x, fig. 41.—
* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 258, pl. LXxxvu, fig. 3.— *B. H.
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.— * ParEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 166.
* Margaron (Unio) rutilans Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 45.
t* Unio subellipsis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 262; *J1. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., IV, 1858, p. 62, pl. x, fig. 44; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 62, pl. x, fig. 44.—*B.
H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) subellipsis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 45.
* Unio prevostianus SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXIII, fig. 315.
*Onio subangulatus SOwERBY,® Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxv, fig. 327.
+t LAMPSILIS VIBEX var. NIGRINUS Lea.‘
*Unio nigrinus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 284, pl. xxiv, fig. 44; *Obs.,
V, 1852, p. 40, pl. xxiv, fig. 44.—* ConrapD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p.
253. +H, and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., IJ, 1857, p. 492.—* B. H. Wrient,
Check List, 1888.—* PawtTreL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 161.
*Margaron ( Unio) nigrinus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 39; 1870, p. 62.
t * Unio floridensis S. H. WRIGHT, Conch. Exchange, II, 1888, p. 105.
t*Unio averilliti B. H. Wriagut, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XXIII, 1888, p. 115, pl. 11,
fig. 2.—B. H. WrieutT, Check List, 1888.
Ogeechee River, Georgia, west to Jackson, Mississippi; the variety
in aE lonida, 6 south to the Hillsborough River.
l eso figures, re all ReGen.
2This seems to be equivalent to a male subellipsis of Lea, of a little more solid,
evenly oval or elliptical form than the type. I do not think it worthy of a varietal
name, as there is every possible gradation between these shells. I formerly placed
exiguus, rutilans, and subellipsis in the synonymy of modioliformis (Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus., XV, 1892, p. 414), and in a young state they seem to be exactly alike, as a geu-
eral thing; but the examination of a large amount of additional material since
wien has led me to believe that the latter may perhaps be distinct.
5 Probably a young specimen, rather wide at the posterior end.
4A smaller, shorter, fragile form, generally having a rather dark epidermis, and
purplish nacre. It is a southern variety, and gradually merges into the type in the
Chattahoochee region.
NO, 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 561
+LAMPSILIS DISPAR Lea.
“Unio dispar Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 3805; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1860, p.327, pl. x1, fig. 153; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 9, pl. u1, fig. 153.—*B,
H. WriGut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) dispar LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 45.
Southwest Georgia.
(Group of Lampsilis amygdalum.)
Shell rather small, obovate, inflated, epidermis varying from smooth
and shining to somewhat cloth-like, ashy green to blackish, but always
showing green tints when seen through transmitted light, indistinctly
rayed; beaks rather high, sculptured with fine, parallel bars, arranged
in a double loop, that in front being large and rounded, that behind
small and rather pointed below; hinge teeth compressed; nacre irides-
cent behind. The greatest height of the shell is just behind the center;
its greatest diameter is just in front of it, or at a point just behind the
beaks; the posterior end is often pointed and somewhat raised. Animal
with the marsupium large, reaching far below the inner gills, and having
a black border; inner gills united to the abdominal sac throughout;
anal opening smooth or only slightly crenulate.
tLAMPSILIS AMYGDALUM Lea.
Unio amygdalum LEA, Desc. of 12 sp. Uniones, Aug. 19, 1843; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.,
IX, 1846. p. 275, pl. xxx1x, fig. 1; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 33, pl. xxx1x, fig. 1.—
* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 244.—* H. and A, ApAms, Gen.,
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—*B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa&rst,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 144.—* Simpson, Pr. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p.
426, pl. Lx vil, fig. 8.—* CALL, Pr. Ind. Ac. Sci., 1896, p. 115.
*Margaron (Unio) amygdalum Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 39; 1870, p. 62.
t* Unio lepidus GOULD,!' Pr. Bost. Soc. N. Hist., VI, 1856, p. 15; Otia Conch., 1862, p.
222.—B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* Srmpson, Pr. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XV,
1892, p. 426, pl. LXv11l, fig. 1; LXIx, fig. 3.
* Margaron (Unio) lepidus Lua, Syn., 1870, p. 39.
Florida.
tLAMPSILIS SUDUS Lea.?
*Unio concavus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852,. p. 260, pl. xv, fig. 11; *Obs., V,
1852, p. 16, pl. xv, fig. 11.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p.247.—
*H, and A. ADAmMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—* SowErRBy, Conch.
Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xcmr, fig. 504.—*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—
* PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148.
* Margaron (Unio) concavus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 46.
t* Unio sudus LEa, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., [X, p.170; *Jl. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., IV,
1859, p. 194, pl. xxi, fig. 77; *Obs., VII, 1895, p.12, pl. xx1, fig. 77.—*B. H.
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) sudus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 46.
Abbeville, South Carolina.
1 Having carefully compared the type of this, a large specimen, with amygdalum,
I have no doubt that both are the same species.
2'The name concavus applied by Lea was, I believe, used previously by Zelebor for
what seems to be U. tumidus.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 36
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIT.
+LAMPSILIS VESICULARIS Lea.!
*Tnio vesicularis Lra, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., II, 1872, p. 156; *J1. Ac. N. Sei.
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 37, pl. xu, fig. 34; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 41, pl. x11, fig.
34.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Srupson, Pr. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XV,
1892, p. 425, pl. LX vil, fig. 4.
Florida; Flint River, Georgia?
+LAMPSILIS VILLOSUS B. H. Wright.
“Unio villosus B. H. Wricut, Naut., XII, 1898, p. 32.
Lampsilis villosus SIMPSON, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., 1900, p. 77, pl. 1, fig. 1.
Suwanee and Hseambia rivers, Florida.
+LAMPSILIS TROSSULUS Lea.
Unio trossulus Lea, Desc. 12 sp. Uniones, 1845; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IX, 1846,
p. 278, pl. x1, fig. 6; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 36, pl. x1, fig. 6.—*B. H. Wriaut, Pr. Ac.
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 259.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.
496.—*B.H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—*P«TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p.
170.—*Simpson, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 427, pl. Lxvitl, fig. 3.
*Margaron ( Unio) trossulus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 39.
Lake Monroe, Florida.
+LAMPSILIS PELLUCIDUS Lea.
“Unio pellucidus Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Sci., 1V, 1845, p. 163.—*Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X,
1845, p. 70, pl. 1, fig.6; Obs., IV, 1848, p. 44, pl. 11, fig. 6.—CoNnraD, Pr. Ac. N.
Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 254.—H. and A. ADAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.
492.-—B. H. WriGut, Check List, 1888.—P TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 162.
*Margaron (Unio) pellucidus Lea, Syn., 1852, p.39; 1870, p. 62.
Flint and Chattahoochee rivers, Georgia.
+LAMPSILIS MINOR Lea.
Unio minor LEA, Desc. 12 sp. Uniones, 1843; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IX, 1846, p. 276,
pl. XXXIX, fig.3; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 34, pl. xxxIX, fig. 3.—*CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N.
Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 252.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p.
494.—*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—*Simpson, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV,
1892, p. 425, pl. LX VII, fig. 2.
*Margaron (Unio) minor LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 31; 1870, p. 49.
*Unio stearnsit B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
Florida and southwestern Georgia.
+LAMPSILIS PAPYRACEUS Gould.
“Unio papyraceus GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. Hist., I, 1845, p.53.—*ConraD, Pr. Ac.
~N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 254.—*H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857,
1 Dr. Lea has only two specimens of this shell, both in very bad condition—dead
and eroded. I have been much inclined to believe that it was a form of L. amyg-
dalum, but recently a specimen in better condition submitted for my inspection by
Mr. B. H. Wright would seem to show that the two are distinct.
2A doubtful species. The type is the only specimen I have ever seen which I can
refer with any certainty to this species. It is a smali, rather solid shell, and may be
an unusually heavy L. amygdalum.
isin
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NALIDES—SIMPSON. 563
p. 492. S Gon, Otia. Giandie 1862, 310s 197. cy ie Gwacan Giieas Thige 1888.—
*PHTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 162.—* Simpson, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV,
1892, ». 427, pl. Lx vill, fig. 2.
Margaron (Unio) papyraceus LEA, Syn. 1852, p. 38; 1870, p. 62.
Everglades, Florida.
tLAMPSILIS SINGLEYANUS Marsh.!
~Unio singleyanus MARSH, Joliet Weekly News (a newspaper), May 1, 1891; *Nau-
tilus, V, 1891, p. 29.—* Simpson, Pr. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 426, pl.
LX VIII, figs. 4, 5.
Putnam and Sumpter counties, Florida.
Subgenus CARUNCULINA Simpson in Baker, 1898,”
(Type, Unio texasensis Lea.)
Shell small, inflated, obovate, rather solid, covered with a thick, dark,
often cloth-like epidermis, which is rayless or only feebly rayed; beak
sculpture consisting of rather strong, concentric ridges, which form, as
a general thing, only a single, rounded loop in front, and are strongly
curved upward behind.*? Pseudocardinals compressed, smooth on the
inside, generally reflexed upward, somewhat torn on the edges. Shell
quite commonly pointed posteriorly, that of the female truncated
obliquely on post base. Animal with the marsupium consisting of a
few large ovisacs (8 to 13); inner gills wholly or in part free from the
abdominal sac; female often having «a well-developed caruncle on the
mantle below the branchial opening.
+LAMPSILIS TEXASENSIS Lea.
* Unio parvus CONRAD, Monog., II, 1836, p. 20, pl. 1x, fig. 1.—*HANLEY, Biv. Shells,
1843, p. 196, pl. xxu1, fig.3.—*SowERBY, Conch. Icon., X VI, 1866, pl. xxxv, fig.
186.
* Unio texasensis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1857, p.84; “Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1860, p. 359, pl. Lx1, fig. 184; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 41, pl. LXI, fig. 184.—
* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., X VI, 1866, pl. x, fig. 218.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check
List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 161.—* Cai, Pr. Ind. Acad.
Sci., 1896, p. III, pl. v, figs. 38-40.
*Margaron (Unio) texasensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 49.
t* Unio batrdianus LEaA,* Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p. 102; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1860, p. 361, pl. Lx1, fig. 186; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 48, pl. Lxy, fig. 186.—
*B. H. Wriacut, Check List, 1888.
erga on (Unio) bairdianus LEA, Syn., HOU, p. 49.
This may inelowe to ho parvus group. The beaks af specimens I have examined
were badly eroded.
* Krroneously spelled Corunculina.
> Occasionally there is a vestige of a posterior loop, and I have seen it perfectly
developed, especially in specimens of L. haleianus. The beak sculpture of this group
is remarkably like that of the Tetralasmus group of eee though the two assem-
blages are not at all closely related.
+A rather delicate variety, but I hardly think -worthy of a varietal name. The
species varies from being quite slender to short, wide, and inflated.
564 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
+* Unio Baaites Lea, Pr. Ke N. Sik ene ar 1862, p. 169; “31, Ae. iN, Sci. Phila. YY,
1862, p. 204, pl. XXX, fig. 273; *Obs., IX, 1863, p. 26, pl. xxx, fig. 273.—*B. H.
WriGut, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) bealei LEA, Syn. 1870, p. 49.
e
+ LAMPSILIS TEXASENSIS var. COMPRESSUS Simpson!
Texas, north to Kansas; Missouri; southern Illinois and Indiana;
south through Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana; the
variety in southwest Texas.
tLAMPSILIS MEARNSI Simpson.
*Lampsilis mearnsi Simpson, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 75, p1. 1, fig. 4.
Vicinity of Fort Clarke, Kinney County, Texas.
+ LAMPSILIS PARVUS Barnes.
* Unio parvus BARNES, Am. J]. Sci., VI, 1823, pl. x11, fig. 18 (outline).2—SHORT and
Eaton, Transylvania Journal, 1831, p. 78.—*CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834,
p. 70.—*Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—FERussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26.—
*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 196.—* Puitippi, Abbild, I, 1845, p. 19, pl. 1,
fig. 4.—*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 62.—*KUsTER, Conch. Cab.
Unio, 1852, p. 33, pl. v, fig. 5.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p.
25.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—*B. H. WriGut,
Check List, 1888.—*P TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 162.
* Margarita (Unio) parvus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 28; 1838, p. 21.
*Margaron (Unio) parvus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 31; 1870, p. 49.
*Lampsilis parvus BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 109, pl. x1, fig. 3.
*Mya parva Eaton, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 222
Mississippi River drainage generally; southwest to central Texas;
western New York; southern Canada; and Michigan doubtfully.
+ LAMPSILIS HALEIANUS Lea.’
*Unio haleianus Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., II, 1842, p. 224; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII,
1842, p. 247, pl. xxvil, fig. 63; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 85, pl. xx vit, fig. 63.— Con-
RAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250.—*H. and A. ADAMs, Gen., Rec.
Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xxv1, figs. 6, 6a, 6b.—
* ? REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xx1v, fig. 116.—* B. H. WRIGHT, Check
List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 154.
*Margaron ( Unio) haleianus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 31; 1870, p. 49.
Alexandria, Louisiana; eastern Texas.
1A nie ered sour form from southwest Texas may bear this name.
2Barnes’s outline shows a small shell, evenly rounded posteriorly. I believe that
this character of being rounded behind is constant, and is the only one by which it
always differs from its near ally, L. terasensis, which is more sharp behind and usually
obliquely truncate at the post-base. The two species have been continually con-
founded, and even Dr. Lea has placed in his collection under the name parvus a
number of specimens which I am sure are his texasensis. The former is generally the
smaller of the two, though not always, as in northern Illinois it sometimes reaches
alength of 2 inches. L. texasensis undoubtedly ranges north into northern Missouri,
southern Illinois and Indiana, and the true parvus is occasionally found well down
into Texas.
’ This is often confounded with ZL. texasensis. It is a larger, thinner-shelled form,
and is not so decidedly truncate at the post-basal region.
se
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAITADES—SIMPSON. 565
+LAMPSILIS GLANS Lea.
*Unio glans Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 1834, p. 82, pl. vin, fig. 12; *Obs., I, 1834, p. 92,
pl. vu, fig. 12.—* Conrab, New I. W. Shelis, 1834, p. 69.—* FreRussac, Guerin
Mag., 1835, p. 26.—* ConraD, Monog., II, 1836, p. 21, pl. 1x, fig. 2—* HanLzy,
Test. Moll., 1842, p. 196; Biv. Shells, 1848, p. 196, pl. xxu, fig. 33.—* CaTLow
and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 59.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p.
37, pl. vi, fig.3.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250.—* CuEnu,
Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. v111, figs. 9, 9a, 9b.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll.,
II, 1857, p. 494.—*SowrrsBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxv1, fig. 190.—
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PasTeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 154.
* Margarita ( Unio) glans L&a, Syn., 1836, p. 28; 1838, p. 21.
*Margaron (Unio) glans LEA, Syn., 1852, p.31; 1870, p. 49.
Ohio River drainage; Warsaw, Indiana; (probably St. Lawrence
drainage) southern Michigan; White River, Carroll County, Arkansas
(Call).
+LAMPSILIS GERMANUS Lea.
“Unio germanus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 40; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VI, 1866, p. 49, pl. xrx, fig. 54; *Obs., XI, 1867, p.53, pl. x1x, fig.54.—* B. H.
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) germanus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 49.
t * Unio granulatus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p.60; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Pkila.,
VI, 1866, p. 48, pl. xvi, fig.46; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 52, pl. xvi, fig. 46.—* B. H.
Wrigeat, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) granulatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 49.
Coosa River, and Big Prairie Creek, Alabama.
tLAMPSILIS CYLINDRELLUS Lea.
*Unio cylindrellus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p.144; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VIII, 1869, p.308, pl. xLv111, fig. 121.—* Obs., XII, 1869, p. 68, pl. xLvim1,
fig. 121.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, i888.
* Margaron ( Unio) ceylindrellusgLva, Syn., 1870, p. 49.
Tennessee River drainage.
tLAMPSILIS MCESTUS Lea.!
*Unio mestus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., II, 1841, p. 82; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842,
p. 244, pl. xxv, fig. 60; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 82, pl. xxv, fig. 60.—* ConraD, Pr.
_ Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 252.—* CHENU, III. Conch., 1858, pl. xx v1, figs.
3, 3a, 3b.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., I, 1857, p. 494.—* KusTER,
Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 226, pl. Lx xvI, fig.5.—* B. H. WricutT, Check List,
1888.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 159.
*Margaron (Unio) mestus LEA, Syn., 1852, p.31; 1870, p. 49.
French Broad River, Tennessee.
+ LAMPSILIS CROMWELLII Lea.
“Unio Cromwellit Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1X, 1865, p.89; Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VI, 1869, p. 258, pl. xxx1, fig. 73; Obs., XII, 1869, p. 19, pl. xxx1, fig. 73.—B. H.
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.
1The only shells I have seen of this are two in the Lea collection, having quite
solid, stumpy teeth. They are old, dead, and a little worn, and in such a condition
that it is hard to tell much about them. ‘The species may be a large cylindrellus, but
I can not be sure that they are.
566 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
* Margaron ( (Oana) cr sonnets Lea, Som. 1870, p. 49.
t Unio marginis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila.. 1865, p.89; * JJ. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VI,
1869, p. 225, pl. xxx1, fig. 69; *~Obs., XII, 1869, p. 15, pl. xx x1, fig. 69.—* B. Hi.
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron ( Onio) marginis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 49.
Western Georgia and southeastern Alabama.
+ LAMPSILIS CORVUNCULUS Lea.
*Unio corvunculus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 144; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1869, p. 314, pl. L, fig. 127; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 74, pl. u, fig. 127.—* B.
H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) corvunculus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 49.
_ Western Georgia; Village Creek, Jefferson County, Alabama; Lake
Ashby, Florida.
2
+LAMPSILIS PAULUS Lea.
*Unio paulus Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., 1840, p. 287; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII,
1842, p. 213, pl. xv, fig. 29; * Obs., III, 1842, p. 51, pl. Xv, fig. 29.—* ConRapD,
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 254.—* H. and A. ADAmMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., U,
1857, p. 494.—* CHENU, I]. Conch., 1858, pl. Xx vil, figs. 5, 5a, 5b.—* KUSTER,
Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 260, pl. LXxxvu, fig. 6.—* B. H. Wrient, Check
List, 1888.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 162.
*Margaron (Unio) paulus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 31; 1870, p. 49.
+* Unio corvinus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 144; *Jl. Ac. N. Sei.
Phila., VI, 1869, p. 310, pl. xLviml, fig. 123; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 70, pl. xLvu1,
fig. 123.—* B. H.Wricut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron ( Unio) corvinus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 49.
Flint and Chattahoochee rivers, Georgia.
LAMPSILIS PULLUS Conrad.!
*Unio pullus CONRAD, Monog., XI, 1838, p. 100, pl. Liv, fig. 2; * Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. PhiJa., VI, 1853, p. 255.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.
494.—* KusTER,Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 270, pl. xc1, fig. 2.—* B. H. WRIGHT,
Check List, 1888.—* P#Trex, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 164.
*Margaron (Unio) pullus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 31; 1870, p. 49.
Warm Springs, North Carolina.
Subgenus PROPTERA Rafinesque, 1819.
(Type, Unio alatus Say.)
Shell usually large, gaping at the anterior base and edge of dorsal
slope, winged along the dorsal region when young and often when adult;
beak sculpture feeble, consisting, when developed, of an anterior and
posterior loop, the former often wanting; the latter sometimes becomes
slightly nodulous; epidermis generally brown, often cloth-like when
fresh, rayless or feeble EN teeth rather COMET PSETCOGE NET HES
1Conrad’s an | is a poor one, and I can moh be positive just ahene the species
should be placed, but incline to think it a member of the Texasensis group. Lea has
a shell which he calls the pullus of Conrad, which came from Ravenel, labeled “‘S.
Carolina,” but which, I think, is not this, but some species of the subrostratus group.
It is quite probable that pullus is the same as Lea’s corvunculus.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 567
frequently imperfect or nearly wanting; laterals remote; anterior muscle
sears often complicated; dorsal scars consisting of a row of from four
to thirty distinct, often deep impressions, running from the cavity of
the beak obliquely downward anteriorly; nacre purplish. Animal
with large branchiw; marsupium consisting of numerous, generally
tine ovisaes, which are often somewhat radial: mantle thickened and
distinctly double on the border, often papillose behind where the outer
told develops into a thickened flap; branchial opening with irregular
teeth; anal opening smooth or only slightly crenulate.
(Group of Lampsilis alatus.)
Shell obovate, strongly winged, subsolid, with a slight posterior and
superposterior ridge; epidermis thick, dark, showing irregular growth
lines; hinge teeth generally well developed; nacre dark purple, female
shell greatly developed in post-basal region. Animal with very numer-
ous and fine ovisacs; marsupium large; inner gills united to abdominal
sac throughout.
+LAMPSILIS ALATUS Say.
Unio alatus Say, Nich. Encyc., II, 1816, pl. 1v, fig. 2.—* Hitpreta, Am. Jl. Sci.,
XIV, 1828, p. 285, fig. 17.—*Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—* Conrab, New F. W.
Shells, 1834, p. 67; Monog., VII, 1836, p. 57, pl. xxx1.—* SowERBy, Conch.
Man., 1839, fig. 147.—*ANTON, Verz. der Conch., 1839, p. 14.—* REEVE,
Conch. Syst., I, 1841, p. 118, pl. Lxxxrx, fig. 8.—*C. B. ADAMs, Thompson’s
History of Vermont, 1842, p. 166, fig.; *L. and F. W. Shells of Vermont, 1842, p.
16, fig.—* HaNnLEy, Test. Moll., 1842, p.174; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 174.—* Dr
Kay, Zool. of N. Y., Pt. 5, 1848, p. 195.—* PoTirz and MicHaupD, Gall. Moll.,
1844, p. 146, pl. Lv1, fig. 2.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 55.—
*KusTER, Conch. Cab., 1852, p. 15, pl. 1, fig. 1.—* DEwery, Ninth Rep. N. Y.
Cab. Nat. Hist., 1856, p. 32.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857,
p. 498.—* CHENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 148, fig. 708.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon.,
XVI, 1866, pl. xLiv, fig. 242.—* CALKINS, Pr. Ottawa Ac. N. Sci., 1874, p. 41.—
* LATCHFORD, Tr. Ottawa F. N. Club, 1882, p. 52.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check
List, 1888.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 144. 2
* Margarita (Unio) alatus Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 11; 1835, p. 13.
* Margaron ( Unio) alatus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 19; 1870, p. 28.
* Lampsilis alatus BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 97, pl. xvi.
*Unio alata LAMARCK, An.sans Vert., V1, 1819, p. 76.—* DESHAYES, Encyc. Meth.,
II, 1830, p. 583; *An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 539; 3d ed., II, 1839,
p. 669. :
* Mya alata, EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 219.—* Woop, Index Test. (Rev.),
1856, p. 199, pl.1, supp. fig. 3.
“Symphynota alata Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., III, 1830, p. 448; *Obs., 1834, I, p.
62.—SHORT and EATON, Transylvania J1., 1831, p. 80.—* FERUssAc, Guer,
Mag., 1835, p. 25.
*Lymnadia alata SWAINSON, Treat. on Mal., 1840, p. 265, fig. 48; * Exotic Conch.,
2d ed., 1841, p. 38, pl. vi.
* Mysca alata SWAINSON, Exotic Conch., 2d ed., 1841, p. 28, pl. vu.
* Metaptera alata STIMPSON, Shells of N. Eng., 1851, p. 14.—* Conrap, Pr. Ac.N.
Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 260.
*? Metaptera metaptera RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci., Brux, V, 1820, p. 300, pl.
LXXxX, figs. 20-22.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III, 1845, p. 15, pl. 1,
figs. 20-22.
568 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXU.
tLAMPSILIS ALATUS var. POULSONI Conrad.
* Unio poulsont CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 25, pl. 1, p. 71.—* MOLLER,
Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 200.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., III, 1845, p. 15,
pl. 1, fig. 7.—*B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 164.
* Symphynota poulsoni FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25.
* Unio inflatus CONRAD, Monog., VII, 1836, p.57, pl. xxx11.!
Entire Mississippi drainage as far south as Arkansas; St. Lawrence
drainage; Red River of the North; the variety in the Alabama and
Tombigbee systems.
+LAMPSILIS COLORADOENSIS Lea.
* Unio coloradoensis Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 103; *J1. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., ITI, 1858, p. 314, pl. xxx1, fig. 29; *Obs., VI, 1857, p. 34, pl. xxXx1, fig.
29.—* B. H. WriGHT, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) coloradoensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 41.
Eastern Texas.
+ LAMPSILIS ROVIROSAI Pilsbry.
“ Unio (Lampsilis) rovirosai PILSBRY, Nautilus, XIII, 1900, p. 140.
Laguna de Atasta, near San Juan Bautista, Mexico.
+LAMPSILIS PURPURATUS Lamarck.
*Unio purpurata LAMARCK, An.sans Vert., VI, 1819, p.71.—* STaRK, Nat. Hist.,
II, 1828, p. 90.—* DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p.533; 3d ed., IT,
1839, p. 667.
* Unio purpuratus LEA, Obs., I, 1834, p. 199.—* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835,'p. 26.—
* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 208; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 208, pl. x x11, fig. 5.—
*CaTLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 63.—* ConrRaD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 255.—* KusTEeR, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 185, pl. Lrx,
fig. 1.—* RrEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxiv, fig. 115.—* B. H. WRIGHT,
Check List, 1888.—* P4@TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 164.—* PinsBry, Nau-
tilus, V, 1891, p. 76.—* CALL, Tr. Ac. Sci. St. Louis, VII, No. 1, 1895, p. 38, pl. v.
* Margarita (Unio) purpuratus LEA, 1836, p. 39; 1838, p. 25.
* Margaron (Unio) purpuratus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 38; 1870, p. 61.
t Unio ater Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., III, 1830, p. 426, pl. vit, fig. 9; *Obs., I, 1834,
p- 40, pl. vir, fig. 9.—*Conrab, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 67.—* CHENU, III.
Conch., 1858, pl. x, figs. la, 1b.
Unio atra DESHAYES, Enc. Meth., IT, 1830, p..582.
* Unio lugubris Say, Am. Conch., V, 1832, pl. xtim; VI, 1834.
*Unio poulsoni SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., X VI, 1865, pl. 1, fig. 270. _
* Unio dolosus LEA,? Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 307; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., |
point than the type, and this form is common in the streams that drain into the Gulf
east of the Mississippi, but it seems to connect with typical alatus in Tennessee.
2A miserable, worn, young specimen of what I am quite sure is L. purpuratus. Lea
states that the embryos of this are pouch-shaped, while those of purpuratus are wedge-
shaped, but the form of embryos in a given species is often not constant.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NALADES—SIMPSON. 569
ERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. XLI, fig. 228.—*B. H. Wrieut, Check
List, 1888.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 151.
* Margaron (Unio) dolosus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 61.
Eastern Texas, north to Kansas, through southern Missouri, western
Tennessee, to the Alabama River drainage.
+LAMPSILIS PERMISCENS Lea|!
* Unio permiscens LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.. III, 1859, p. 112; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., V, 1862, p. 102, pl. xvi, fig. 251; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 106, pl. xvi1, fig.
251 —*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) permiscens LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 61.
Tombigbee River, Columbus, Mississippi.
+LAMPSILIS GOULDII Lea.?
* Unio gouldit Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 165; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1848,
p. 76, pl. vi, fig. 16; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 50, pl. v1, fig. 16.—* Conran, Pr. Ac. N.
Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.
494.—* B. H. WricutT, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,
p. 153.
* Margaron ( Unio) gouldit LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 46.
Tuscaloosa, Alabama.
(Group of Lampsilis saladoensis.)
Shell smooth, obovate, inflated, inequilateral, rounded behind, thin,
slightly thicker in front; beaks somewhat prominent, nearly smooth;
epidermis yellowish olive, shining, rayed; there is a slight carina high
up on the posterior slope; pseudocardinals small, lamellar, and oblique;
laterals lamellar and curved; anterior cicatrices distinct and well
impressed; posterior cicatrices confluent; dorsal cicatrices under the
plate, between the pseudocardinals and laterals; nacre bluish white
and iridescent.’ Animal unknown.
LAMPSILIS SALADOENSIS Lea.
* Unio saladoensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., LV, 1860, p. 305; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., LV, 1860, p.370, pl. uxv, fig. 195; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 52, pl. rxv,
fig. 195.—B. H.Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* FiscHER and CRossk, Miss. Sci.,
Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 586.
* Margaron (Unio) saladoensis La, Syn., 1870, p. 62.
Rio Salado, New Leon, Mexico. 5
1 There is only a single, young, poor specimen in the Lea collection, which may be
a valid species, but is quite likely a L. purpuratus.
2Only a single, dead, badly worn shell is in Lea’s collection. It is something like
a young umbrosus, butif it really came from Tuscaloosa, Alabama, it probably belongs
to the dlatus group. I can not decide certainly as to its affinities.
3Mr. Lea states that a single specimen of U. saladoensis was collected by Dr. Ber-
landier and presented to the Smithsonian Institution by Lieutenant Couch (Obs.
VIII, p. 53). I have never found this shell, and have not seen the species, and am
somewhat at a loss as to where to place it, but the figure and description would
indicate that it 1s a young shell of a form related to purpuratus; its rays, which
Dr. Lea says are nearest to U. amygdalum, being different from those of any related
forms.
570 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL
(Group of Lampsilis wumbrosus.)
Shell solid, inflated, short-elliptical, covered with a shining, rather
smooth brownish epidermis which often has microscopic, radiating
folds; beak sculpture excessively faint, being the merest hint at a
double loop; anterior end of the shell suddenly thickened, that of
the male scarcely differing from the female; hinge teeth well devel-
oped; pseudocardinals strong; laterals large, straight, and club-
shaped, naere whitish or purplish. Animal with the inner gills united
to the abdominal sac; branchie large; marsupium occupying the whole
outer gills posteriorly, not projecting much below; palpi large, consid-
erably united behind.
+LAMPSILIS UMBROSUS Lea.
* Unio umbrosus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila, VIII, 1856, p. 95; *J1. Ac. N. Sci.
Pal, JONG Is Os sul pil sorox, iw, Bos Obs., VI, 1857, p. 31, pl. XXX, fig. 26.—
* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxu1I, fig. 170.—* B. H. WRIGHT,
Check List, 1888.—* Patri, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 171.—* FiscHErR and
Crosse, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 587, pl. Lx vu, figs. 1, la, 1b.
* Margaron (Unio) umbrosus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 41.
t Unio veracruzensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p.150; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1869, p. 320, pl. Lil, fig. 183; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 80, pl. Lu, fig.
133.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—-* FiscHer and Crosss, Miss. Sci.,
Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 605.
*Margaron (Unio) veracruzensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p..45.'
Vera Cruz, Mexico.
+LAMPSILIS BERLANDIERI Lea.?
* Unio berlandierii Lea, Pr. Ac. Phila., I, 1857, p. 101; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV,
1860, p. 369, pl. LXV, fig. 194; *Obs. VIII, 1860, p. 51, pl. Lxv, fig. 194.—
“REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxi, fig. 108.—* B. H. Wriagut, Check
List, 1888.—* P.ZTEL, Conch Sam. ITI, 1890, p. 146.—* Pitssry, Naut. V, 1891,
p. 76.—* FISCHER ana Crossk, Miss. Sei., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 584.
* Margaron ( Unio) berlandierti Iba Syn., 1870, p. 36.
Northeastern Mexico; southwestern Texas.
+LAMPSILIS TAMPECOENSIS Lea.
* Unio tampecoensis Lna, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 24, pl. vil, fig. 18; *Obs., II,
1838, IDs 24) pl. vil, fig-3.—" TRORCIIN, con fiir Naturg., V, 1339, Pt. 2, p.
235.— > TELNSIOD y, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 188; * Biv. Shells, 1243, p. 188, —*CATLOW
and REEVE, Conch. Nene 1845, Ey 64.—*Conrap, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VI,
1The type of veracruzensis is in the Sana ean collection: and is undoubtedly a
very young wmbrosus.
2This species is extremely close to L. tampecoensis, and at one time I believed the
two to be mere forms of the same thing. The present species is typically heavier
and more inflated, as well as lighter colored, and has higher beaks than the latter.
According to Hon. J. D. Mitchell, of Victoria, Texas, who has carefully studied these
forms when living, berlandieri is more active, and while spawning it only buries
itself sufficiently to he steady and give the post-ventral portion an elevation, while
tampecoensis is sedentary in its habits, and buries itself entirely, excepting the
extreme posterior point. Letter of Septemb.r 25, 1895.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 571
1853, p. 258.—* CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, pl. xX1, figs. 5, 5a, 5b.—* H.and A.
ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., IT, 1857, p. 495.—*? Kustrr, Conch. Cab. Unio., 1862,
p. 275, pl. xcuu, fig. 1.—*? SowErRBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pl. Lvut, fig.
291.—*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,
p. 169.—* FiscHER and Crossk, Miss. Sci. Pt. 7, II, 1894, p.586.!
* Margarita (Unio) tampecoensis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 22; 1838, p. 18.
* Margaron ( Unio) tampecoensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 41.
* Unio heermannit Lma, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XIII, 1861, p.392; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., V, 1862, p. 194, pl. xxvJ, fig. 263; “Obs. IX, 1863, p. 16, pl. xx v1, fig.
263.—*? SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxxiu, fig. 441.—*B. H.
WriGuHtT, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 154.
* Margaron (Unio) heermannii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 28.”
Northeastern Mexico; southeastern Texas; Honduras.
+LAMPSILIS TECOMATENSIS Lea.
* Unio tecomatensis Lma, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., II, 1841, p. 30; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII,
1842, p. 234, pl. x x1, fig. 48; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 72, pl. x x1, fig. 48.—ConRaD, Pr.
Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II,
1857, p. 495.—* CHENU, Il]. Conch., 1858, pl. Xxx1, figs. 6, 6a, 6b.—* B. H.
Wricnt, Check List, 1888.—* FISCHER and Crossg, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894,
p. 589, pl. LXV, fig. 6; LXvVI, figs. 4, 4a.
* Margaron ( Unio) tecomatensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 50.
Tecomata River, Mexico.
LAMPSILIS LIVIDUS Simpson.’
*Unio testudineus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. x x11, fig. 101.
“Unio explicatus FISCHER and Crossk, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 594.
Rio Usumasinto, Portugal, according to Reeve, who no doubt intended
this for Rio Usumasinta, Mexico, and Guatemala.
+ LAMPSILIS EXPLICATUS Morelet.
“Unio explicatus MORELET, Test. Noviss, Pt. 1, 1849, p. 28.4—FISCHER and CROSSE,
Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p.594, pl. Lx1, fig. 1.
*Margaron ( Unio) semigranosus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 34.
Gentral America.
1 Fischer and Crosse (see above citation) doubt whether Sowerby’s figures in Conch.
Icon. and Kuster’s in Conch. Cab. are tampecoensis. ‘Though not very accurate figures,
I can not refer them equally well to any other species.
*Lea has two specimens of heermannii in his collection; the type, which is a young,
slightly injured shell, and a very young one. Iam certain it is only tampecoensis.
°Reeve described and figured this form in the Conchologia, supposing it to be the
testudineus of Morelet, which is a very different thing. Fischer and Crosse in Mission
Scientifique, believing it to be equal to Morelet’s erplicatus, placed it in the syn-
onymy of that species. I have never seen an absolutely authentic specimen of expli-
catus, but if Fischer and Crosse have accurately figured and described it, I am sure
it is different from Reeve’s species, the latter being evidently more inflated, smoother,
differently shaped, and having a great deal higher beaks. This being the case, it
becomes necessary to give Reeve’s shell anew name. Fischer and Crosse credit the
species to Sowerby, but the Plate xx11, in the Conchologia, is credited to Reeve.
4A single valve of what is probably this species was received by the United
States National Museum from Dr. H. von Ihering, under the name of Unio explicatus
Morelet.
Di2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
LAMPSILIS ALIENIGENUS Crosse and Fischer.
* Unio alienigenus CRosspand FiscHER, Jl. de Conch., X LI, 1893, p. 294. —* FIscHER
and Crosse, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 590, pl. 1XvV, figs. 5, 5a; LXVI, fig. 3.
Goatzalcoaleos, Vera Cruz, Mexico.'
(Group of Lampsilis aztecorwm.)
Shell elliptical, oblong, rounded in front and behind, the posterior
part being slightly compressed, the whole rather thin; umbonal region
inflated; beak sculpture unknown; epidermis brown and rather smooth;
pseudocardinals small, laterals curved; nacre purple and shining;
female shell (the specimen figured) somewhat swollen in post basal
region, so that the basal line is slightly incurved.
Animal unknown.
LAMPSILIS AZTECORUM Philippi.
*Unio aztecorum PHILIPPI, Zeits. fiir Mal., [V, 1847, p. 95; “Abbild., III, 1849, p.
109, pl. v1, fig. 2.—* KustER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, pp. 2, 84, pl. xcv, fig.
6.—* B. H. Wrigut, Check List, 1888.—* PareL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p.
145.—* FISCHER and CrossB, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 607.
*Margaron (Unio) aztecorum Lra, Syn., 1870, p. 44.
(Group of Lampsilis metallicus.)
Shell rather small, obovate-rhomboid, inflated, much narrowed and
rounded in front, the form approaching that of a Modiolus; epider-
mis a rich coppery bronze, shining; beak sculpture consisting of two
faint, rounded loops, the bars of which are inclined to be nodulous;
pseudocardinals compressed, not well developed, and sometimes more
or less broken into denticles; laterals distinct; pits in the beak cavity
humerous and very irregular; nacre dark, coppery to purple, with
metallic tints, iridescent behind. Animal unknown.
+ LAMPSILIS METALLICUS Say.
Unio metallicus Say, N. Harin., Disseminator (newspaper form), January 15, 1831;
*Am. Conch., VI, 18384.—* CONRAD, New F’. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70.—* FERUSSAC,
Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* L. Say, New Terr. and Fluv. Shells, 1840, p. 6.—
* ConraAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 252.—* PTE, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 159.
t* Unio cuprinus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 94, pl. xu, fig. 24;? *Obs., I,
1834, pl. x11, fig 24.—* Haney, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 208; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p.
208, pl. xxu1, fig. 7.—*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.58.—*CHENU,
Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. x1, figs. 3, 3a, 3).—* H. and A. ADAms, Gen. Rec. Moll.,
1T am considerably in doubt as to the relationship of the last two species. Fischer
and Crosse are sure that alienigenus is close to wnbrosus, and their figure and descrip-
tion seem to show that erplicatus is near to alienigenus.
2The Transactions of the Philosophical Society, IV, in which Mr. Lea published
his Unio cuprinus, which is identical with Mr. Say’s species, was issued, according to
Scudder, in the latter end of 1831.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NALADES—SIMPSON. 573
II, 1857, p. 492.—* SowErBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXv1, fig. 336.—
*B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. —* Part, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 149.—
* FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, IT, 1894, p. 615.
* Margarita (Unio) cuprinus LEA, Syn., 1856, p. 39; 1838, p. 25.
*Margaron (Unio) cuprinus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 38; 1870, p. 61.
*Unio aereus REEVE, Conch. Icon., X VI, 1856, pl. xxx, fig. 160.'\—* PastEL, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 144.
Mexico.
(Group of Lampsilis gracilis.)
Shell large, thin, elliptical or slightiy obovate, with a high posterior
and an anterior wing, not greatly inflated; beaks low; epidermis rather
smooth, often feebly rayed, dull colored, but usually glossy; hinge line
slightly and rather regularly curved; teeth compressed, pseadocardinals
but feebly and often imperfectly developed; nacre purplish tinted,
rather dull. Shell of the male and female nearly alike, the latter
-searcely swollen at post basal region. Animal with the mantle greatly
thickened at posterior end, and double and thickened at post base,
where it is often crenulate or toothed on its inner border, and has the
outer developed into a flap; inner gill united to the abdominal sac
throughout; marsupium enormous, composed of a great number of
delicate semiradiating ovisacs, projecting far below the inner gills in a
semicircle.
tLAMPSILIS GRACILIS Barnes.
*Unio gracilis BARNES, Am. JI. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 274.—* HitpreETH, Am. JI. Sci.,
XIV, 1828, p. 288.—* DEsHAYES, An. sans Vert, 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 559; 3d
ed., II, 1839, p. 676; Tr. Element. Conch, 1839, p. 18, pl. xxx, figs. 2, 3.—
* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842., p. 174.—*C. B. Apams, Thompson’s Hist. Ver-
mont, 1842, p. 166; * F. W. and L. Shells of Vermont, 1842, p. 16.—* HaNnLEy,
Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 174, pl. xx, fig. 37.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom.,
1845, p. 59.—* DESHAYES, Tr. Elem., II, 1853, p. 217, pl. xxx, figs. 2, 3.—* H.
and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 498.—* SowErBy, Conch. Icon.,
XVI, 1866, pl. xxxIx, fig. 215.—* CaLkins, Pr. Ottawa Ac. Sci., 1874, p. 42.—
* LATCHFORD, Tr. Ottawa F. Nat. Club., 1882, p. 52.—*B. H. WriGuHrt,
Check List, 1888.
* Mya gracilis EATON, Zool. Text Book, 1826, p. 222.
* Symphynota gracilis Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., III, 1830, p. 452.—SHorr and
EaTON, Transylvania J1., 1831, p. 80.—* LEa, Obs., I, 1854, p. 66.
*Margarita (Unio) gracilis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 11; 1858, p. 15.
* Metaptera gracilis STIMPSON, Shells of N. Eng., 1851, p. 14.
* Margaron ( Unio) gracilis LEA, Syn. 1852, p. 19; 1870, p. 28.
* ? Anodon gracilis SOwERBY, Genera, No. XVII, 1823, fig.
* Lampsilis gracilis BakuR, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 99, pl. x1x, fig. 1.
* Unio fragilis SWAINSON, Zool. Ill., 1st ser., III, pl. cLxx1, 1823.2—* DESHAYES,
Encye. Meth., II, 1830, p.587.—*Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—* Conrab, New
F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 69; *Monog., VI, 1836, p. 55, pl. xxx.—* CHENU, Bib.
1The description of the plate is dated 1856, and in the contents it is credited to
Reeve, although the previous plates bear date of 1865, and those following 1866.
2Swainson’s Unio fragilis was published about the same time as Barues’s gracilis,
and as it is impossible for me to say which has priority, I agree with Lea that it is
better to adopt Barnes’s well-known name.
574 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL
Conan 1st ser., III, 1845, p p- ie —* Ger, oun Cab. int, 1852 2, p. 19,
pl. 111, ae ike
* Symphynota fragilis FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25.
* Metaptera fragilis CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 260.
* Unio fragilis var. gracilis PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 153.
* Mya plana EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 221.
* Unio planus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 71.
* Unio (Nida) atrata SWAINSON, Zool. Il., 1841, pl. cLxx1.
* Unio atratus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 199; * Biv. Shells, 1848, p. 199, pl. x x1,
fig. 29.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—* Para,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 145.
Entire Mississippi River drainage, St. Lawrence system; Red River
of the North; Hudson River; eastern Texas. :
+LAMPSILIS LAVISSIMUS Lea.
* Symphynota levissima, Lua, Tr. Am, Phil. Soc., III, 1830, p.444, pl. x11, fig. 235
* Obs., I, 1834, p. 58, pl. x11, fig. 23.—SuHorr and Earon, Transylvania Jl.,
1831, p. 80.
* Unio levissima, DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 558; 3d ed., II,
1839, p. 675
* Unio levissimus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70. a HANLEY, Test. Moll.,
1842, p.174; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 174, pl. x x1, fig. 41.—* CaTLow and Tyo,
Conch. Nom., 1845, p.60.—* H. and A. ApAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 498.—
* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. XLVI, fig. 250.—* B. H. WRIGHT, Check
List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 156.
* Margarita (Unio) levissimus Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 11; 1838, p. 13.
* Margaron (Unio) levissimus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 19; 1870, p. 28.
*Unio ohioensis Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—KusrEer, Conch. Cab., 1866, p. 20, pl.
LXIX, fig. 5.
* Symphynota ohioensis FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1838, p. 25.
* Metaptera ohioiensis CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 260.
* Unio discoideus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VI, 1866, pl. L111, fig. 275.
Mississippi drainage generally; eastern Texas; southern Michigan;
western New York.
+LAMPSILIS ALABAMENSIS Conrad.
* Symphynota inflata Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 99, pl. xiv, fig. 28;
Obs., I, 1834, p. 109, pl. xiv, fig. 28.—FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25.
* Metaptera inflata CoNRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 260.
* Margarita ( Unio) inflatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 11, 1838, p. 13.
* Unio inflatus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 174; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 174, pl. xx1,
fig. 45.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 60.—* KusTER, Conch.
Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 17, pl. u, fig. 1.—* H. and A. ApDams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II,
1857, p. 498.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. XLV, fig. 246.—* B. H.
Wriauat, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155.
* Margaron (Unio) inflatus Lea, Syn., 1862, p. 28; 1870, p. 28.
* Unio alabamensis CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 67.!
Alabama and Tombigbee River areas.
iow name given Be Conrad for Unio inflatus Thies, itsowerrated by Barnes.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON,. 515
(Group of Lampsilis amphichenus.)
Shell rather thin, elongate, elliptical, rounded before, pointed behind,
compressed, with a smooth, shining, black, rayless epidermis; beaks not
prominent, their sculpture unknown; there is a conspicuous gap at the
anterior base, and another very distinctly outlined at the upper part of
the posterior end like that of Schizotherus; hinge line slightly curved;
pseudocardinals imperfect; laterals compressed; nacre purplish; female
shell inflated at posterior base.
Animal with large, elliptical palpi; mantle slightly thickened at the
edge; anal opening widely separated from the superanal, the latter large;
foot large, hatchet-shaped. Several animals were examined, but all
were so much decayed that most of the characters could not be made out.
+LAMPSILIS AMPHICHAENUS Frierson.
*Ucxvio (Lampsilis) amphichenus FRIERSON, Nautilus, XI, 1898, p. 10, pl. 1.
(Group of Lampsilis leptodon.)
Shell rather thin, elongate, elliptical, compressed, decidedly pointed
behind, the point raised above the center of the shell; beaks low, their
sculpture very feeble; there is a conspicuous post-dorsal wing in young
shells, and sometimes vestiges of an anterior wing; young shell rather
dull and faintly rayed; there is a decided anterior basal and posterior
gap; hinge teeth very imperfect; )»seudocardinals often almost want-
ing, even in young shells; laterals faint, sometimes wanting in the adult
Shell; nacre coppery to purplish; female shell not inflated at post base.
Animal with large, very thin, light brown branchie, free nearly the
whole length of the abdominal sac; palpi large, thin, nearly semi-
circular; mantle thin, with a wide crenulate border; marsupium
projecting slightly below the inner gills.
tLAMPSILIS LEPTODON Rafinesque.!
*Unio (Leptodea) leptodon RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. Brux., 1820, p.
295, pl. LXXX, figs. 5-7.
*Unio leptodon Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—* CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p.
70; Monog., VII, 1836, p.58, pl. xxx111.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III,
1845, p. 12, pl. 1, figs. 5-7.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 197, pl. Lxiv,
figs. 1,2.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VI, 1866, pl. xiv, fig. 257.—* PHTEL,
Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 157.
* Symphynota leptodon FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25.
~ Leptodea leptodon CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 262.
* Anodon purpurascens SWAINSON, Zool. I11., Ist ser., III, pl. cLx, 1823.—* CaTLOW
and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67.
* Unio velum Say, New Harm. Disseminator, II, September 23, 1829, p. 293; Jan-
uary 15, 1831 (newspaper form).—* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28.—* L. W.
Say, Terr. & Fluy. Shells, 1840, p. 5.
'This is one of the few species which its author has described so distinctly that I
feel sure there can be no doubt about it. Besides, his figure, such as it is, is some-
thing like the tenwisstmus of Lea. |
’
576 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL
* Symphynota tenuissima Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., III, 1829, p. 453, pl. x1, fig.
21; *Obs. 1, 1834, p. 67, pl. x1, fig. 21.
Symphynota tenuissima SHORT and EaTon, Transylvania Jl., 1831, p. 80.»
* Margarita (Unio) tenwissimus Lma, Syn., 1836, p. 38; 1838, p. 25.
* Unio tenwissimus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 206; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 206,
pl. xx, fig. 42.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64.—~H. and A.
ApAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866,
pl. xiv, fig. 240.—* B. H. WrieutT, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) tenuissimus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 38; 1870, p. 61.
Upper Mississippi River drainage, south to the Tennessee River;
Buffalo, New York; southern Michigan; Souris River, Manitoba.
(Group of Lampsilis scutulatus.) :
Shell rhombic elliptical, compressed, rather thin, with a high posterior
and a low anterior wing, with two posterior ridges; the valves often
exhibiting fine radiating plications on the posterior part; beaks com-
pressed, sometimes showing the nepionic shell, almost destitute of
sculpture, which, when present, consists of faint indications of two
rounded loops; epidermis rather dull, sometimes indistinctly rayed;
left valve with two pseudocardinals, the anterior a sharp, straight
ridge sloping obliquely downward and forward from a point just in
front of the beaks, the hinder curiously compressed and showing a
tendency to break into denticles; right valve with two sharp, ridge-like,
sloping pseudocardinals; laterals slender, compressed, straight or
wavy; nacre bluish white to pale violet; dorsal scars few; female shell
apparently slightly swollen at the posterior base; animal unknown.
t
LAMPSILIS SCUTULATUS Morelet.
* Unio scutulatus MORELBT, Test. Noviss., I, 1849, p. 80.—* FIscHER and CROSSE,
Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 561, pl. rx, fig.5; Lxvil, fig. 6.
Yucatan.
LAMPSILIS PALUDOSUS Morelet.
* Unio paludosus MORELET, Test. Noviss., I, 1849, p. 30 —* FISCHER and CROSSE,
Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1849, p. 559, pl. Lx, fig. 3.
Yucatan.
LAMPSILIS PLANIVALVIS Morelet.
* Unio planivalvis MORELET, Test Noviss., II, 1851, p. 24.—* 'IscHER and CROSSE,
Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, Ii, 1894, p. 560, pl. 1x, fig. 2.!
Usumasinta River, Guatemala.
+LAMPSILIS DELPHINULUS Morelet.
* Unio delphinulus MORELET, Test. Noviss., I, 1849, p. 31.—* HANLEY, Biv. Shells,
1856, p. 381, pl. xxiu, fig. 60.—* SowErRBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxiII,
fig, 237.—* B. H. Wriant, Check List, 1888.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 150.—* Fischer and Crosse, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 557, pl.
LXIII, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.
* Margaron (Unio) delphinulus LEA, Syn. 1870, p. 28.
Guatemala.
1These three may be mere variations of one thing.
sada
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 577
LAMPSILIS LARGILLIERTI Philippi.
* Unio largillierti PH1Lippi, Zeits. fiir Mal., IV, 1847, p. 94.!
Yueatan.
The following are unfigured and unknown to me:.
* Lampsilis fasciola RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Brux., V, 1820, p. 299.
* Lampsilis fulgens RAFINESQUE, Cont. Monog., 1831, p. 7.
* Lampsilis argyratus RAFINESQUE, Cont. Monog., 1831, p. 7.
Genus PSEUDOSPATHA Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Spatha tanganyicensis Smith. )?
Burtonia BouRGINGUAT, Moll. Fluv. Nyanza, 1883, p. 20.9
Shell compressed, thin, oblique, inequilateral, with a straight dorsal
line which ends in a small wing in front and behind, rounded and cut
away at the anterior base, produced in the post-basal region, gaping in
front and behind, slightly twisted on its axis and usually bent poste-
riorly to the right or left; a low, often double posterior ridge ends in
a biangulate point behind; beaks compressed, the sculpture faint, irregu-
lar, concentric ridges which continue over the shell, and at the beaks
sometimes become rather sharply pustulous, the glochidium often
remaining; epidermis yellowish brown, sometimes delicately rayed;
teeth rudimentary, one or more faint compressed pseudocardinals and a
single lateral in each valve; muscle scars irregular; nacre coppery or
purple, often rayed. Animal unknown.
*PSEUDOSPATHA TANGANYICENSIS Smith.
* Spatha tanganyicensis SMitTH, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1880, p. 350, pl. xxx1, fig. 8.
* Burtonia tanganyicinsis PHTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 187.—von MarTENs,
Beschalte, 1897, p. 257.
* Burtonia moinelt BOURGUIGNAT, Un. and Ir. Tan., 1886, p.33; Icon. Mal. Tan.,
1888, pl. xxv, fig. 1.
* Burtonia lavigerina BouRGuUIGNAT, Un. and Ir. Tan., 1886. p. 36; Icon., Mal. Tan.,
1888, pl. XXIV, figs. 1-4.
~ Burtonia magnifica BOURGUIGNAT, Un. and Ir. Tan., 1886, p.41; Icon. Mal. Tan.,
18x8, pl. XXVI, figs. 1-2.
Lakes Tanganyika and Nyanza, Africa.
PSEUDOSPATHA LEOPOLDVILLENSIS Putzeys.
Burtonia leopoldvillensis PUTZEYS, Proc. Verb. Soc. Mal. Belg., 1898, pl. xxXvIIt.,
fig. 16.
Leopoldville, Congo.
1 Unfignred and unknown to me. From the description I should think likely it
belonged here, but it may not.
?The shells of this group bear a striking likeness to that of Unio tenuissimus Lea,
in form, texture, color, teeth, and in gaping in front and behind, and I am inclined
to believe that they are related to it, and the Unio myersianus of Southeastern Asia,
to Unio alatus, and U. delphinulus of Central America.
3Naime preoccupied in birds, 1850.
Proce, N. M. vol. xxii ——37
578 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX11.
+ PSEUDOSPATHA LIVINGSTONENSIS Bourguignat.
* Spatha tanganyicensis SMITH (part), Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1880, pl. xxx1, fig. 8a;
1881, p. 296, pl. XxxIV, fig. 32.
* Burtonia livingstonensis BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Fluv. Nyanz., 1883, p. 20.
* Burtonia elongata BOURGUIGNAT, Un. and Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 34; Icon. Mal. Tan.,
1888, pl. XxV, fig. 3.
* Burtonia contorta BOURGUIGNAT, Un. and Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 39; Icon. Mal. Tan.,
1888, pl. Xxv1, figs. 3-5.
Lake Tanganyika.
PSEUDOSPATHA SUBTRIANGULARIS Bourguignat.
* Burtonia subtriangularis BOURGUIGNAT, Un. and Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 35; Icon. Mal.
Tan., 1888, pl. xxv, fig. 2.
* Burtonia grandidieriana BOURGUIGNAT, Un. and Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 42; Icon. Mal.
Tan., 1888, pl. Xx vil, figs. 1-3.
Lake Tanganyika.
PSEUDOSPATHA BOURGUIGNATI Bourguignat.!
* Burtonia bourguignati BOURGUIGNAT, Un. and Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 38; Icon. Mal.
Tan., 1888, pl. xx vil, figs. 4-5.
Lake Tanganyika.
The following species are unfigured and unknown to me.
* Burtonia jouberti BOURGUIGNAT, Un. and Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 40.
* Burtonia bridouxi, BOURGUIGNAT, Un. and Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 40.
All from Lake Tanganyika.
Genus HYRIOPSIS Conrad, 1853.
(Type, Unio delphinus Gruner.”)
Hyriopsis CONRAD. Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., 1853, p. 269.
Shell large, compressed, rhomboid-eiliptical, dorsally winged and gen-
erally biangulate behind, sometimes produced in the post-basal region;
beaks low, mostly compressed, the sculpture consisting of numerous
concentric ridges nearly parallel with the growth lines, generally
extending well on to the disk of the shell, the earlier ones fine, often
slightly nodulous or doubly looped; epidermis olive to brown, some-
times faintly rayed; pseudocardinals two or three in the left valve, one
to three in the right, when young compressed, but often breaking into
irregular denticles when old; laterals long, compressed, two in the left
valve and one in the right, sometimes vertically striate, the left valve
often having a sort of raised lamellar tooth at or just behind the-beak.
' Said to be of Jonbertin the literature.
2The general make-up of the shells of this genus, Cyclomya, and Cristaria seems to
indicate close relationship to each other, and a not distant one to the subgenus
Proptera of Lampsilis, and | should not be surprised to learn that the marsupium
occupies the posterior part of the outer gills in distinctly marked ovisacs,
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 579
Beak cavities shallow; dorsal scars numerous, extending from the cav-
ity downward and forward. Anterior muscle scars three, distinct, pos-
terior large, indistinct; front end of the sheli usually thickened; a row
of plications often occurring just below the laterals, as in Cristaria.
Animal unknown.
(Group of Hyriopsis bialatus.)
Shell somewhat trapezoidal, with a posterior ridge, biangulate behind,
with a very high, pointed, triangular, posterior wing, and a smaller,
pointed one in front, which projects forward; beaks low, sculpture not
seen; epidermis brown; pseudocardinals broken up into denticles;
hinge line slightly curved; the three anterior muscle scars separate and
deep; dorsal scars not extending greatly downward in front; nacre
bluish white.
tHYRIOPSIS BIALATUS Simpson|!
*Unio delphinus GRUNER Arch. fiir Naturg, I, 1841, p. 276, pl. 1x, figs. 1, la-c.—
* DELESSERT, Rec. Coq. Lam., 1841, pl. x1x, fig. 3, 3a, 3b.—* Lea, Tr. Am. Phil.
Soc., VIII, 1843, p. 218, pl. xvi, fig. 35; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 56, pl. xvu,
fig. 35.2—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 18, pl. 11, figs. 2-4.—* HanLey,
Biv. Shells, 1856, p. 381, pl. xx, fig. 44.—~ H. and A. ApaMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., IJ,
1857, p. 498.—* CHENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 143, fig. 707.—SowrErBy, Conch. Icon.,
XVI, 1866, pl. xii, fig. 238.—* MORELET, Series Conch., IV, 1875, p. 345.—
“PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 150.
*“Margaron (Unio) delphinus Lea, Syn. 1852, p. 19; 1870, p. 28.
“Unio megapterus MORELET, J. de Conch., XII, 1863, p. 159.—* PaTeL, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 158.
Southeastern Asia, including Cambodia, Siam, and the Malay Penin-
sula.
(Group of Hyriopsis cumingii.)
Shell rather thin, with a high wing posteriorly, and a smaller one in
front; beaks greatly compressed, their sculpture at first consisting of
fine and later of coarse coucentric ridges, extending well on to the
disk; corrugations on the posterior slope distinct.
HYRIOPSIS CUMINGII Lea.
“Unio cumingiti La, Pr. Ac., N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1852, p. 54.—*Lxa, Jl. Ac.
N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 240, pl. xxxv, fig. 120; * Obs., VII, 1860, p.58, pl.
XXXvV, fig. 120.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 498.—
*“SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xiix, fig. 264.—* HEupDr, Conch.
Pluv. Nank., VIII, pl. rxiv.
*“Margaron (Unio) cumingii LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 19; 1870, p. 28. -
China.
by Spengler, and the term megapterus of Morelet was applied by Rafinesque to a
Metaptera (Unio) and used by Chenu under the generic name Unio before 1863. It
will therefore have to have a new name.
*Lea described this species under the above name, not knowing that it had been
already applied to the same species by Gruner.
5st) PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
tHYRIOPSIS DELAPORTEI Crosse and Fischer.
“Unio (Arconaia) delaportei CROSSE and FISCHER, J. de Conch., XXVI, 1876, p.
327, pl. xX, fig. 1; X1, fig. 5.!
Cambodia; Siam.
(Group of Hyriopsis myersianus.)
Shell rather solid, thickened in front; posterior ridge rather low;
beaks compressed, the sculpture consisting, apparently, of a few rather
faint, irregular ridges, sometimes slightly nodulous.
tHYRIOPSIS MYERSIANUS Lea.
*Unio myersianus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 92; *J1. Ac. N. Sei.
Phila., III, 1857, p. 290, pl. x x11, fig. 2; *Obs., VI, 1857, p. 10, pl. xxu1, fig. 2.—
“SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. L, fig. 265.—* MoRELET, Ser. Conch.,
IV, 1875, p. 344.—* PTE, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 160.
*Margaron (Unio) myersianus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 28.
* + Unio housei Lma, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VIII, 1856, p.92; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., )
III, 1858, p. 291, pl. xxi, fig. 3; *Obs., VI, 1857, p. 11, pl. xxl, fig. 3.—
“VON Martens, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, p. 14.—*SowxErBy, Conch.
Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xLvilt, fig. 260.— * PasTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155.
*Margaron ( Unio) housei LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 28.
Siam; Cambodia.
HYRIOPSIS SUTRANGENSIS L. Morlet.
*Unio sutrangensis L. MORLET, Jl. de Conch., XX XVII, 1889, p. 195, pl. 1x, fig. 3.
Sutrang River, Siam.
HYRIOPSIS PINCHONIANUS Heude.
*Unio pinchonianus HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank, VIII, 1883, pl. Lx, fig. 12.—
P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 163.
China.
(Group of Hyriopsis vagulus.)
Shell elliptical, with a rather high, posterior wing, moderately solid,
with two slight posterior ridges and a sulcus above them at the junc-
ture of the wing.
HYRIOPSIS VAGULUS Fischer.?
*Unio subtrigonus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pl. Lv iit, fig. 292.—* PaTEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 169
*“Margaron (Unio) subtrigonus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 28.
'The ventral line of this shell is crooked, having a couple of curves in it, but it is
not twisted. Its authors believed Arconaia to be only a section of Unio, and that
the animal was essentially like that of that genus.
2>Sowerby published this species as Unio subtrigonus in the Conchologia, the name
being preoccupied by Deshayes. In the errata he changed it to Unio (Monocondy-
lea) cambojensis, believing it to be the same as Petit’s Psewdodon cambojensis. It
certainly is not that shell, and I agree with Fischer that it is near to the Unio myer-
sianus, and accept his name for it,
=a
ROK
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 5Sli
*Unio (Monocondylaa) cambojensis SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., X VI, errata.
*Pseudodon cambojensis MORELET, Ser. Conch., LV, 1875, p. 336.
*Unio lamellatus HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p.5, pl. 1X, fig. 6.
*Unio vagulus FISCHER, Bull. Soc. Autun., IV, 1891, p. 223.
Siam.
(Group of Hyriopsis velthuzent.)
Shell somewhat inflated, rather thin, rounded behind, winged; epi-
dermis dark brown with numerous green rays; nacre iridescent, bluish
white; anterior scars irregular, rather small; posterior scars rounded ;
pseudoeardinals elongated, one in each valve, in the right valve there
is a secondary :udimental one; laterals elongate, arcuate, one ia the
right valve and two in the left.
tHYRIOPSIS VELTHUZENI Schepman.
* Unio velthuzent SCHEPMAN, Notes from Leyden Mus., XVII, 1895, p. 160, pl. 1v,
figs. 1, la—! DroUET, J1. de Conch., XLV, 1897, p. 124.
Mandai River, Borneo.
(Group of Hyriopsis schlegeli.)
Shell rather thin, slightly winged behind, narrowly rounded betore
and angled at umbonial slope; posterior ridge high and rounded, beaks
rather low; epidermis rough, blackish; hinge line curved in front,
straight behind; pseudocardinals generally entire; plications below the
laterals faint; nacre dull, lurid purplish or lead color.
tHYRIOPSIS SCHLEGELI von Martens.
* Unio schlegeli VON MARTENS, Mal. Blatt., VII, 1861, p. 55.—* KoBrext, Abh.
Senck, Nat. Ges., XI, 1879, p. 421, pl. xtv.—* voN MARTENS, Noy. Conch., V,
1879, p. 192, pl. cLvutt, figs. 4, 5.—* von InerRING, Abh. Senck, Nat. Ges.,
XVIII, 1893, p. 156. ;
* Barbala schlegeli PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 175.
Japan.
Subgenus CAUDICULATUS Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Unio caudiculatus von Martens.)
Shell oval, inflated, slightly posteriorly winged, with a well-developed
posterior ridge, and above it a deep, wide furrow ending in a broad,
well-defined notch on the posterior slope; one pseudocardinal in the
right valve and two in the left; two laterals in the left valve and one
in the right. Animal unknown.’
HYRIOPSIS CAUDICULATUS Von Martens.
“Unio caudiculatus VON MARTENS, Mal. Bl., XIV, 1866, p. 16.—* ScuEpmMaNn, Notes
Leyd. Mus., XVIII, 1896, p. 140.—* Drougrt, J.de Conch., XLV, 1897, p. 126.
“Unio infrarostratus SCHEPMAN, Notes Leyd. Mus., XVII, 1895, p. 161, pl. rv, fig. 2.
Borneo.
‘According to the photographic figure this shell very closely resembles Unio ala-
tus Say.
?J am in doubt as to the relationship of this species.
582 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XT.
Genus CHAMBERLAINIA Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Unio hainesianus Lea. )
Shell large, very solid in front, thinner behind, round or round obo-
vate, without posterior ridge, alate on the post dorsal part when young ;
beaks full, sculpture not seen; surface without sculpture excepting a
few slightly pustulous corrugations on the posterior siope; epidermis
dull, not rayed; hinge curved; pseudocardinals rather small, stumpy,
two in the left valve and one in the right; laterals short, remote, the
intervening hinge plate rounded, one lateral in the right valve and two
in the left, the upper the smaller, and all curved upward along their
inner edges; beak cavities not deep; dorsal muscle scars numerous,
deep, extending from the cavity downward and forward; area outside
the palleal line very wide; nacre lurid bronzy. Animal unknown.
+t CHAMBERLAINIA HAINESIANA Lea.
*Unio hainesianus Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 92; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phil., Ill, 1857, p. 289, pl. xx1, fig.1; “Obs. VI, 1857, p. 9, pl. xxi, fig. 1-—
“von MARTENS, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, Pt.1, p.15.—* SowERBY, Conch.
Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xLvii, fig. 254.2—* MoRELET, Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p.
312.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 154.
*Margaron (Univ) hainesianus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 28.
* Unio imperialis MORELET, Rey. et Mag. Zool., XIV, 1862, p. 480.
Siam.
CHAMBERLAINIA PAVIEI Morelet.
* Unio paviei MORELFT, J. de Conch., XX XIX, 1891, p. 241, pl. vn, fig. 3.3
Siam.
+t CHAMBERLAINIA DUCLERCI Rochebrune.!
“Unio duclerci ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Phil., VII, 1882, p. 27, pl. 1, fig. 2 (in
extract).
to its author attuins a size of 142 mm. in height, 192 mm. in length, and 77 mm. in
diameter. I have seen a very fine specimen in the Frederick Stearns collection 6
inches high and 8 in length. It is one of the most magnificent Naiades in the world.
“Credited by Sowerby to the Little Arkansas River.
° Very close to C. housei, but more rounded, and having a higher wing. I do not
think this can be the same as Morelet’s Unio pairanus, described in Latin in the
Journal in 1865, p. 227, and unidentifiable.
4It is quite probable that this should form the type of a separate group, but the
only specimens I have seen, two badly eroded valves, hardly justify me in separat-
ing it.
..- :
NO, 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON, 583
Genus CRISTARIA Schumacher, 1817.
(Type, Dipsas plicatus Leach. )
Barbala HUMPHREYS, Mus. Col., 1797.
Dipsas LEACH, Zool. Miscellany I, 1814, p. 119.
Cristaria SCHUMACHER, Essai Nouy. Syst., 1817, p. 107.
Appius (LEACH), Menke. Syn., 2d ed., 1828,? p. 106.
Symphynota LEA (part), Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 1830, p. 445.—Swarnson, Mal., 1840,
p. 288.
Dianisotis RAFINESQUE, Cont. Monog., 1831, p.7.
Dipsax V oct, Cuvier, Thierreich, III, 1834, p. 493.
Barbata, SOwERBY, Conch. Man., 1842, p. 81.
Clione GISTEL, Nat. Sur. Hoh. Schule Bearb., 1848.
Shell generally thin, elliptical, more or less winged posteriorly; beaks
rather low, sculptured with fine, somewhat doubly-looped ridges at
first, and later with coarse, low, concentric bars, which are nearly par-
allel with the growth lines; epidermis smooth, often somewhat rayed;
hinge teeth imperfect; pseudocardinals feeble or wanting—when pres-
ent consisting of a single compressed tooth in each valve; laterals
single, remote, compressed, sometimes wanting in adult shells.'
Subgenus CRISTARIA, Schumacher, 1817.
(Type, Dipsas plicatus Leach.)
Shell large, thicker in front, strongly alate posteriorly, with two or
more slightly developed radial ridges on the posterior slope and a row
of plications above them; hinge line regularly curved; dorsal scars
forming a row running obliquely downward and forward: anterior
sears often blurred, posterior faint.
tCRISTARIA PLICATA Leach.
* Dipsas plicatus LEACH, Zool. Miscellany, I, 1815, p. 120, pl. Lim.2—* SOWERBY,
Conch. Man., 1839, fig. 142.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch, Ist ser., III, 1845, p. 15, pl.
VI, fig. 1.—* MORELET, Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p. 332.—* HEUDE, Conch. Fluy.
Nank., 1879, pls. XXXII, XXXIV, LI, fig. 94.
Mytilus plicatus SOLANDER, in Gray, Ann. of Phil., IX, 1825, p. 27.
Appius plicatus GRAY, in Menke, Syn. Meth. Moll., 1850, p. 106.
* Margarita (Dipsas) plicatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 47; 1838, p. 28.
* Margaron ( Dipsas) plicatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 46; 1870, p. 74.
* Unio plicatus SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1868, pl. Liv., fig. 280.
* Dipsas plicata TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., XITI, 1874, p. 272.—* KoBE Lt, Abh.
Senck. Nat. Ges., XI, 1879, p. 429, pls. xv-XvII, xvill, fig. 1.
* Barbala plicata H. and A. ADAmMs, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 501, pl. cxvu,
figs. 4, 4a.
* Anodonta plicata SCHRENCK, Reis. und F. Am. Lande, II, 1867, p. 704, pl.
XXVu, fig. 4.
1The animal has been described in Japanese, but the paper containing the descrip-
tion is inaccessible to me.
2This seems to be the first authentic description of this species. It has heen
claimed that the Mytilus dubius of Gmelin is this, but he refers to figures 733, pl. 82,
in the eighth volume of Chemnitz, which, I am quite certain, is not the species in
question.
584 PROCEEDINGS OF TH H NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
* Anodonta (Dipsas) plicata CLEssIN, Couch. Cab. Anodonta, 1876, p. 240, pl. x x1,
figs. 1, 2.
* Cristaria plicata VON IneRING, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., X VIII, 1893, p. 147.
* Oristaria tuberculata SCHUMACHER, Ess. Nouv. Syst., 1817, p. 140, pl. xx, fig. 2.
* Anodonta dipsas BLAINVILLE, Man. Mal., 1825, p. 538, pl. LXv1, fig. 2.
* Symphynota bialata Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 1830, p. 445, pl. xiv, fig. 24; * Obs.,
I, 1831, p.59, pl. xrv, fig. 24.
* Unio bialata HANLEY, Test. Moll. 1842, p. 219; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 214, pl.
XXII, fig. 4.
* Barbala bialata CHENU, Man. 1859, p. 145, fig. 717.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 175.
_* Unio bialatus DESHAYES, Tr. Elem. Conch., 1839, p. 19, pl. xxx1, fig. 3.—* CaT-
LOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 56.—* DesHayEs, Tr. Elem., II, 1853,
p. 218, pl. Xxx1, fig. 3.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. XLv1, fig. 247.
* Anodonta magnifica CLESsIN, Conch. Cab. Anodonta, 1873, p. 123, pl. Xxxv,
fig. 1.
* Dipsas occidentalis HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., IX, 1885, pl. XLvt.
* Barbala occidentalis P&1VEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 175.
* Barbala plicatula P# TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 175.
China; Japan; Amurland, south probably to Cambodia. The form
from Cambodia, which is referred to C. plicata, is believed by Fischer
to be different, and it may be C. bellua.
+ CRISTARIA BELLUA Morelet.
* Anodonta bellua MORELET, Rev. et Mag. Zool., XVIII, 1866, p. 167; Ser. Conch.,
DV, 1875, p. 331.
Cambodia.
+ CRISTARIA HERCULEA Middendorff.
Anodonta herculea MiIDDENDORFY, Bull. Phys. Math. Ac. St. Pet., VI, 1848, p. 303;
Sib: Reise, II, 1851, p. 278, pl. xxi, fig. 5; xxi, figs. 1, 2; xxv, figs. 1, 2.'—
*DesuayeEs, Bull. Nouv. Arch. Mus., IX, 1873, p. 1, pl. 1, fig. 1.—* WESTER-
LUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 294.
*Anodonta (Dipsas) herculea CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 175, pl. LIx, figs.
iL, G): 2
*Cristaria herculea VON IHERING, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., X VIII, 1893, p. 146.
*Barbala herculea Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 175.
*Dipsas plicata var. clessini KOBELT, part. Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XI, 1879, p. 429,
2
pl. xv.?
East Siberia; Amurland; North China.?
+CRISTARIA SPATIOSA Clessin.
“Anodon herculeus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. 111, fig. 7.
“Anodonta (Dipsas) spatiosa CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Anodonta, 1875, p. 173, pl. Lv,
fig. 2.
'Plate xxvi, fig. 2, an interior view, is probably Anodonta beringiana Middendorft.
2Craspedodonta smaragdina ANTON, Verz. der Conch., 1839, p. 16, No. 592; Clessin,
Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 93, pl. xx VII, fig. 2, a badly figured little shell, said to come
from North America, may be a young C. herculea.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 585
*Cristaria spatiosa VON IHERING, Abh. Senek. Nat. Ges., XVIII, 1893, p. 145.
*Barbala spatiosa PTEL, Conch. Sam., III], 1890, p. 175.
*Dipsas plicata var. japonica Kosert, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XI, 1879, p. 429, pl.
xeTVALilis
Japan.
Subgenus PLETHOLOPHUS Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Symphynota discoidea Lea. )
Shell short-elliptical, lenticular, scarcely thickened in front, with
compressed beaks which are sculptured with low, wide, concentrie
ridges, scarcely winged in front or behind, pointed posteriorly; epider-
mis smooth, somewhat rayed; hinge teeth very feeble, often nearly
wanting; dorsal scars few; muscle scars faint. Animal unknown.
+ CRISTARIA DISCOIDEA Lea.
*Symphynota discoidea LuA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 75, pl. x1, fig. 33; * Obs.
I, 1834, p. 187, pl. x1, fig. 33.
*“Barbala discoidea H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p.501.—* CHEnu,
Man., 1859, II, p. 145, fig. 716.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., 1890, p. 175.
*Dipsas discoidea KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 306, pl. c, fig. 1.
*Margarita (Unio) discoideus LEA, Syn., 1836, p.47; 1838, p. 28.
*Unio discoideus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 214; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 214, pl.
XXI, fig. 57.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58.
*Margaron ( Unio) discoideus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 46; 1870, p. 74.
*Unio tenuis GRAY, Griffith’s Cuv., XII, 1834, p. 601 (index), pl. xxrv, fig. 2.!
* Anodonta chinensis KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 51, pl. XII, fig. 3.
*Unio magnificus SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pl. LVI, fig. 289.
* Anodonta gruneriana CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 172, pl. Lv1, figs. 3, 4.
China.
CRISTARIA PARVULA Heude.?
*Dipsas parvulus HEUDE (part), Conch. Fluy. Nank., IV, 1878, pl. xxxu1, fig. 65.
*“Barbala parvula P#TEL, Couch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 175.
China.
CRISTARIA REINIANA von Martens.
“Cristaria reiniana VON MARTENS, Jahrb. Mal. Ges., II, 1875, p. 136, pl. m1, fig. 4.
*? Dipsas reiniana Koper, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XI, 1879, p. 432, pl. xu, fig. 4;
XXI, fig. 2.
* Anodonta reiniana VON IHERING, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XVIII, 1893, p. 147.°
*Barbata reiniana P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 175. -
Japan.
‘A brief description is given in the index only. Gray’s and Lea’s names seem to
have been published the same year, and I do not know which appeared first. I use
Lea’s because it is the one generally known.
“Iam doubtful whether this is more than a variety of C. discoidea. Heude’s figure
on plate Lu is a very different thing, which I have called C. radiata.
3 Martens says it has distinct cardinals and laterals.
586 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
CRISTARIA GENTILIANA Heude.
“Oristaria gentilianus HEupE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., VII, 1881, pl. Lut, fig. 98.
*Barbala gentiliana P@TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 175.
China.
+CRISTARIA SWINHOEI H. Adams.
~ Unio swinhoei H. ADAMS, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 319.'\—SowERBy, Conch.
Icon , XVI, 1868, pl. XLtI, fig. 232.—P TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 169.
* Anodonta swinhoet H. ADAMS, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 446.—* CLESSIN,
Conch. Cab. Anodonta, 1876, p. 125, pl. Lxxv, fig. 6.—* P#TEL, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 185.
* Anodon swinhoet SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xxvu, fig. 108.
* Margaron (Unio) swinhoei LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 45.
Formosa; Tonkin; Cambodia.
Subgenus CRASSITESTA Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Cristaria radiata Simpson. )
Shell rather solid, elliptic-rhomboid, with a rounded posterior ridge,
scarcely winged; beaks full, sculpture not seen; epidermis bright,
strongly rayed, with two conspicuous light and three dark rays on the
posterior slope; hinge line curved; pseudocardinals and laterals
reduced to the merest vestiges; dorsal scars only one or two in the
cavity of the beaks; adductor scars faint; nacre lurid.
+CRISTARIA RADIATA Simpson.?
* Dipsas parvulus HEUDE (part), Conch. Fluv. Nank., VII, 1881, pl. Lm, fig. 96.
China.
Genus LEPIDODESMA Simpson, 1896.
(Type, Unio langwilati Heude. )
Lepidodesma SIMPSON, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1896, p. 311.
Shell large, thin, inflated, with a high, sharp, posterior ridge and a
second fainter one above, making the hinder part widely biangulate;
beaks very high and full, their sculpture, which extends over the whole
shell, consisting of ridges that follow the growth lines; there are two
rows of radiating nodules, one on the middle of the disk, and a stronger
one on the post ridge; ligament very large, wide, covered with con-
centric scales; hinge line arched; two pseudocardinals in the left valve,
the anterior elongated, running inwardly across the hinge plate, and
ending abruptly, with a shorter, fainter one behind it; with two strong
laterals, the inner the higher, its edge reflexed upward, and suddenly
better developed than is common among Cristarias, but are still quite faint.
2>Heude has figured two different species under the name of Dipsas parrulus, on
plate xxxu. Ihave therefore given the last-described form the name radiata.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 587
and one lateral, which is reflexed upward; epidermis folded into the
hinge, and scaly; a single dorsal scar on the inner side of each hinge
plate; muscle scars united; palleal line distinct; beak cavities large and
wide; nacre very dull. Animal unknown.
+LEPIDODISMA LANGUILATI Heude.
~ Unio languilati HEUDE, J. de Conch., XXII, 1874, p. 116; *Conch. Fluy. Nank.,
I, 1875, pl. vit.—P2TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 156.
~ Lepidodesma languilati Simpson, Pr. U. 8. Nat. Mus., \ VIII, 1896, p. 311.
* Cristaria megadesma VON MARTENS, 8. B. Nat. Fr., 1875, p. 3; * Mal. B1., XXII,
1875, p. 187; * Nov. Conch., IV, 1876, p. 152, pl. cxxxv, fig. 1.
* Barbula megadesma P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, -p. 175.
China.
LEPIDODESMA ALIGERA Heude.
* Unio languilatus var. aligerus HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., III, 1877, pl. xvu,
fig. 37.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 156.
~ Lepidodesma aligera Simpson, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1896, p. 311.
China.
Genus PILSBRYOCONCHA Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Anodonta erilis Lea.)
Shell elongated, elliptical, compressed, thin, with a !ow, posterior
wing, narrow and rounded in front, nearly straight below, expanded at
the post-basal region, pointed behind. Beaks compressed, sculptured
with several coarse, low, irregularly concentric undulations, often
slightly doubly looped; surface nearly smooth, shining, yellowish to
ashy brownish, sometimes showing very faint rays; hinge straight or
slightly curved, reduced to a mere line, often showing a faint, com-
pressed, smooth tooth in front of the beaks, otherwise edentulous;
nacre brilliant, silvery and iridescent; muscle scars faint. Animal
pure milky white; lobes of the mantle united behind into two short
siphons. !
+ PILSBRYOCONCHA LINGUAFORMIS Morelet.
* Anodonta lingueformis MORELET, Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p. 329, pl. xiv, fig. 5.—
* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 181.
* Margaron ( Unio) lingueformis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 48.
Siam; Cambodia.
+PILSBRYOCONCHA EXILIS Lea.
* Anodonta exilis Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1839, p.81, pl. xx, fig.68; *Obs.,
II, 1838, p. 81, pl. xx11, fig. 68.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2,
p. 239.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 224; *~ Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 224.—
~H.and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.—* MorELET, Ser. Conch.,
IV, 1875, p. 327.—* CLEssin, Conch. Cab. Ano., .1875, p. 171, pl. Lv1, figs.
6-8.—* PZTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 179.
‘According to Deshayes, Jl. de Conch., 1875, pp. 81-85. He does not give any other
characters of the soft parts.
5&8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX.
* Margarita Bie ta) exilis LEA, Syn., 1888, p. 32.
* Anodon exilis CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 66.
* Margaron (Anodonta) exilis Lua, Syn., 1852, p. 51; 1870, p. 82.
* Monocondylea exilis PATEL, Conch! Sam., III, 1890, p. 174.
* Anodonta siliqua KuSTER? Conch. Cab. Ano., 1852, p. 57, pl. xiv, r, fig. 5.
* Anodonta polita Mousson, L. and Suss. Moll. Java, 1849, p. 98, pl. x1x, figs. 2, 3.—
*“Mousson, Zeits. fiir Mal., VII, 1851, p. 46.—* H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec.
Moll., I], 1857, p.504.—* Pasrer, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 183.
* Margaron (Anodonta) polita LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 53.
* Anodon politus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. x11, fig. 36.
~ + Monocondylaa compressa Lra, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863,p.190; * Jl. Ac.
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 30, pl. x1, fig: 29; * Obs., XI, 1867, p. 34, pl. x1, fig:
29.—* CLESSIN, Gonent Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 258, pl. LxXxx, figs. 3, 4.
* Pseudodon compressa CONRAD, Am. J1. Conch., I, 1865, p. 233. —
* Margaron (Monocondylea) compressa Lua, Syn., 1870, p. 73.
* Spatha compressa Pa&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 188.
* Anodon javana SOWERBY, Conch. Teo XVII, 1867, pl. x1, fig. 33.
* Anodon gracilis SOWIE Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. xrv, fig. 45.
* Anodon kelletti SowERBY? Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. xrx, fig. 71.
*+ Anodonta sempervivens DrEsHaAyYEs, Nouv. Arch. de Mus., X, 1874, p. 120, pl. v,
figs. 4, 5.—* Parser, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 184.
Southeastern Asia, Sumatra, Java.
+PILSBRYOCONCHA CARINIFERA Conrad.
* Anodonta carinifera CONRAD, Cover of Monography, No. 9, 1837.!:—TROSCHEL,
Arch. fiir Naturg., 1V, 1838, Pt. 2, p. 288.—B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.
Southeastern Asia, probably.
PILSBRYOCONCHA LEMSLEYI Morelet.
* Anodonta lemsleyi MORELET,? Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p. 328, pl. xiv, fig. 1.—P@TEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 181.
Cambodia, Siam.
PILSBRYOCONCHA SCHOMBURGKI von Martens.
* Anodonta schomburgki VON MARTENS, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, p. 15.—
*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 184.
Siam.
Genus MEDIONIDUS Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Unio conradicus Lea. )
Medionidus Stmpson, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 77.
Shell elongated, rather inflated, often arcuate when adult, sometimes
having a Boe: ridge; dorsal slope and occasionally the posterior
here is a specimen of Pilsbryoconcha in the Philadelphia Academy which agrees
perfectly with Conrad’s description, and is probably the type. My attention was
called to this by Mr. Pilsbry, who believes this to be the shell Conrad described. It
is rather a small species.
2An old, elongated, rather peculiar shell. Conrad’s species may be the young of
it, and Morelet believes that Martens’ 4. schomburgki is very close to his shell I
have not seen a sufficient amount of material of this genus to determine with cer-
tainty whether all these are valid species.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 589
portion of the shell plicately or nodulously wrinkled; epidermis smooth
and bright, variegated with broken green rays and blotches; beak sculp-
ture consisting of rather fine, subparallel, often broken ridges in two
loops, the anterior rounded, the posterior somewhat angled, occasion-
ally broken up into zigzags;' pseudocardinals small, stumpy and some-
what roughened; laterals rather short, slightly curved and club-shaped,
remote; dorsal cicatrices few, placed under the hinge just behind the
_ beaks; anterior cicatrices rather deep; posterior cicatrices rounded,
large, and well impressed; anterior part of shell somewhat thickened;
female shell slightly swollen just behind the middle of the base.
Animal with the inner gills wholly or in part free from the abdominal
sac; marsupium occupying the central posterior part of the outer gills,
sometimes extending nearly thei whole length, consisting of few to
many rather large, irregular ovisacs, which are not so distinctly
marked out as in Lampsilis, but which have rounded bases; mantle
much thickened on its lower edge, which is dark colored and sometimes
papillous.
(Group of Medionidus conradicus.)
Shell small, usually with a well-defined posterior ridge; posterior end
and sometimes the greater part of the shell slightly wrinkled or nodu-
lous; epidermis rather smooth, painted with rays broken into irregular
arrow-head markings or blotches; pseudocardinals rather small and
imperfectly developed; laterals of left valve separated by a narrow,
shallow furrow; nacre greenish, purplish, or bluish. The male shell is
often decidedly arcuate; that of the female is swollen at or behind the
center of the base. Animal having the characters of the genus.
+MEDIONIDUS CONRADICUS Lea.
* Unio conradicus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1834, p. 63, pl. 1x, fig. 23; * Obs., I,
1834, p. 175, pl. 1x, fig. 23.—* FERUSSAC, Guerin. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* HANLEY,
Test. Moll., 1842, p.176; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 176, p]. xx11, fig. 22.—* CaTLow
and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.57.—* ConrabD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI,
1853, p. 247.—* H. and-A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.—*KuSTER,
Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 179, pl. Lv1, fig. 5.—* SowErRBy, Conch. Icon.,
XVI, 1866, pl. Liv, fig. 278.—* PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148.
* Margarita ( Unio) conradicus Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 15; 1838, p. 14.
* Margaron (Unie) conradicus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 21.
* Unio conradius CONRAD, Monog., X, 1838, p. 87, pl. XLVI, fig. 3.
* Margaron ( Unio) conradianus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 32.
* Unio conradianus B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.
Tennessee River drainage; Cahawba River, Alabama, and probably
the entire Alabama River system.
'The beaks in all the specimens of Unio subtentus that I have examined were too
badly eroded to make out the character of the sculpture with certainty. Ina gen-
eral way they seemed to be much like those of the Conradicus group, only coarser.
590 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
+MEDIONIDUS PARVULUS Lea.
*Unio parvulus La, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p.307; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VI, 1866, p. 45, pl. xvi, fig. 43; *Obs., XL, 1867, p. 49, pl. xvi, fig. 43.—* B. H.
WriGHT, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron ( Unio) parvulus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 32.
Coosa River, Alabama; Chattanooga and Swamp creeks, northwest
Georgia.
| MEDIONIDUS PENICILLATUS Lea.
* Unio penicillatus LEa, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 171; ~Jl. Ac. N. Sei.
Phila., IV, 1859, p. 203, pl. xx1m, fig. 85; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 21, pl. xxii,
fig. 85.—* B. H. WriGut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) penicillatus Lua, Syn., 1870, p. 32.
Chattahoochee and Flint rivers, Georgia.
+MEDIONIDUS KINGI B. H. Wright.
Unio kingi B. H. Wricut, Nautilus, XII, 1900, p. 138.
Branch of Flint River, Baker County, Georgia.
+MEDIONIDUS ACUTISSIMUS Lea.
*Unio acutissimus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p.89, pl. x, fig. 18; *Obs., I,
1834, p. 99, pl. X, fig. 18.—* Conrab, New F.W. Shells, 1834, p.67.—* FERUSSAC,
Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28.—* CONRAD, Monoy., X, 1838, p. 86, pl. XLVI, fig. 2.—
* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.177; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 177, pl. xxu, fig. 35.—
*CaTLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 55.—* Conran, Pr. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 244.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.—
* CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, pl. vu, figs. 3, 3a, 3b.—* SOwERBY, Conch. [con.,
XVI, 1866, pl. Xxxv1, fig. 189.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—*P&TEL,
Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 1438.
*Margarita ( Unio) acutissimus Lra, Syn., 1836, p. 14; 1838, p. 14.
*Margaron (Unio) acutissimus Lma, Syn., 1852, p. 21; 1870, p. 32.
*Unio semiplicatus KustER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 279, pl. xctv, fig. 4.!—
*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 167.
* Unio rubellinus La, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 32; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1858, p. 70, pl. xml, fig. 51; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 70; pl. x1, ig ol
* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xc, fig. 490.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check
_ List, 1888.—* Pere, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 166.
*Margaron (Unio) rubellinus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 32.
Alabama River system.
(Group of Medionidus walker’)
Shell rather short, inflated, with a high, posterior ridge; posterior
slope strongly corrugated; epidermis dark, slightly clouded; nacre red-
dish or greenish.
1There is a Unio semiplicatus of Troschel in Wiegman’s Archiv. for 1841, p. 180. but
I do not know what is. Kuster credits his species to Australia, but it is evidently
Lea’s shell, no such species being found in Australia,
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 591
tMEDIONIDUS WALKERI B. H. Wright.
“Unio walkeri B. H. Wriaut, Naut., XI, 1897, p. 91.
*Lampsilis walkeri SIMPSON, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 77, pl. 1, fig. 5.
Suwanee River, Florida; Ocklockonee River, Georgia.
(Group of Medionidus subtentus.)
Shell elongate-elliptical, scarcely inflated, with an ill-defined poste-
rior ridge, the posterior slope being strongly, corrugately wrinkled;
beaks apparently sculptured with coarse, irregular, broken ridges,
somewhat doubly looped; epidermis bright, with broken rays which
sometimes form irregular patches, but are usually developed into
square spots; pseudocardinals rather small, stumpy; laterals rather
strong, club-shaped, generally showing traces of vertical striation;
nacre dull, bluish-white. The female shell 1s very slightly inflated just
behind the center of the base, the male often becomes arcuate when old.
Animal unknown.
tMEDIONIDUS SUBTENTUS Say.
*Unio subtentus Say, Jl. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., V, 1825, p. 130; Am. Conch., I, No.
2, 1831, pl. xv.—* ConrAD, Am. J1. Sci., XX VI, 1834, p. 343, pl.1, fig. 1; * New
F.W. Shells, 1834, p.71.—* FERussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26.—* MOLLER, Syn.
Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 209.—* ConraD, Monog., X, 1838, p. 85, pl. XLVI, fig. 1.—
*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.176; * Biv. Shells, 18438, p. 176, pl. xx, fig. 34.—
*CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III, 1845, p. 25, pl. 1v, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.—* CaTLow
and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64.—* Conrab, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI,
1853, p. 258.—* KusTER, Conch Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 164, pl. xtvu, fig. 4.—
*H. and A. ADAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon.,
XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxu, fig. 370.—* B. H. Wrigut, Check List, 1888.—* P&TEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 168.
* Margarita (Unio) subtentus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 13; 1838, p. 14.
*Margaron ( Unio) subtentus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 21; 1870, p. 32.
*Unio subtenta DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 555; 3d ed., II, 1839,
p. 675.
Tennessee and Cumberland River systems.
Genus NEPHRONATAS Crosse and Fischer, 1893.
(Type, Unio plicatulus Charpentier. )
Nepronaias CROSSE and FISCHER, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1893, p. 556.
Shell elliptical, biangulate behind, that of the male showing a tend-
ency to become arcuate with age, the female usually having a post-
basal inflation and never arcuate; surface concentrically sculptured ;
beaks low, with faint broken ridges which show a tendency to fall into
two rounded loops; pseudocardinals generally rather compressed, rag-
ged, laterals obliquely ridged; cavity of the beaks rather deep, dorsal
muscle sears distinct, running in a line from the beak cavity downward
and forward. Animal with the branchiwe rounded below, outer the
larger behind, inner the larger anteriorly, free from the abdominal sac
592 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
for all or part of their length; mantle thickened on the edge, which is
often dark colored; anal and branchial openings large and well fur-
nished with papilla. Nothing is known of the marsupium of any mem-
bers of this group, the animals examined probably being males; but it
is most likely that when gravid the ovules will be found in distinctly
marked ovisacs in the posterior part of the outer gills, something as
in Lampsilis.
(Group of Nephronaias medellinus.)
Shell scarcely sulcate, shining, rather brightly rayed, distinctly bian-
culate behind, solid, swollen; beaks rather full, with delicate sculpture;
pseudocardinals solid, stumpy, trigonal; laterals heavy, somewhat club-
shaped; nacre rich and soft, silvery or purple; female shell consider-
ably inflated at the post-basal region, and differing somewhat from that
of the male.
t NEPHRONAIAS MEDELLINUS Lea.
?Unio purpuriatus Say, New Harmony, Diss. (newspaper form),January 15, 1831.'
* Unio medellinus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 39, pl. xu, fig.34; *Obs., II,
1838, p. 39, pl. xu, fig. 34.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p.
236.—* HAaNLEY, Test. Moll, 1842, p. 193; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 193, pl. xx1,
fig. 19; pl. xxi, fig. 8.—*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 61.—
*CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xvil, figs. 6, 6a, 6b.—*H. and A. ADAMS,
Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—* KustTER, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 162, pl.
XLVI, fig. 5.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxx1u1, fig. 171.—* B.
H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 158.—
* FIsCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 603.
* Margarita (Unio) medellinus, LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 26; 1838, p. 19.
* Margaron (Unio) medellinus, LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 45.
+* Unio strebeli, Lma,? Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., X, 1866, p. 183; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1868, p. 318, pl. 1, fig. 131; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 78, pl. LI, fig. 131.—
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* FiscHER and CRossE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7,
II, 1894, p. 595.
*Margaron (Unio) Strebeli, LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 53.
State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
+NEPHRONAIAS SAPOTALENSIS Lea.
* Unio sapotalenses LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., II, 1841, p.30; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII,
1842, p. 233, pl. xx1, fig.47; * Obs., III, 1842, p. 71, pl. xx1, fig. 47.—* ConRrab,
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1858, p. 257.—*H. and A. ApaMs, Gen. Ree. Moll.,
II, 1857, p. 494.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xxxiit, figs. 4, 4a, 4b.—* Sow-
ERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xt, fig. 495.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List,
‘Believed by Conrad to be the same as Lea’s medellinus. Fischer and Crosse in
Mission Scientifique (see following reference) are doubtful about this, as Say’s
species was never figured, and his description does not just agree with Lea’s species.
As the type is not known to be in existence I think under the circumstances, since
we can not be sure of what Say described, it is best to use Lea’s name.
2 The type which is in the collection of the U. S. National Museum is, without
doubt, a young medellinus.
q
ee
te
&
=
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 593
re
1888.—* PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 166.—* FiscHER and Crossk, Miss.
Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 601, pl. Lx vit, figs. 2, 2a.
* Margaron (Unio) sapotalensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 45.
Sapotal River, Vera Cruz, Mexico.
(Group of Nephronaias averyi.)'
Shell triangular-ovate, bluntly pointed in front, and biangulate
behind, considerably inflated, irregularly suleate; umbonal region mod-
erately developed; beaks sculptured with fine, irregular ridges which
have a tendency to fall into two rounded loops; pseudocardinals
slightly compressed, ragged; laterals having feeble, oblique striation;
front part of the shell somewhat thickened; posterior part thinner;
nacre dull, whitish.
Animal unknown.
+ NEPHRONAIAS AVERYI Lea.
* Unio averyi La, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 281; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1860, p. 269, pl. xu1v, fig. 149; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 87, pl. xLIv, fig. 149.—
*B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) averyt LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 36.
Isthmus of Darien.
+ NEPHRONAIAS CALDWELLII Lea.
* Unio caldwellit LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p.118; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1860, p. 265, pl. xu, fig. 145; * Obs., VII, 1860, p. 83, pl. xLu1, fig. 145.—
*SoweErsy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXXxIx, fig. 477.—* B. H. Wrieut,
Check List, 1888.—* Parent, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 147.
* Margaron (Unio) caldwellii Te Syn., 1870, p. 35.
Isthmus of Darien.
(Group of Nephronaias macnielit.)
Shell solid, slightly suleate, biangulate behind, covered with a dull,
olivaceous epidermis and having faint, bluish green rays; beaks rather
full, sculpture feeble, consisting of slightly outlined ridges, somewhat
doubly looped, the looped lines becoming swollen or nodulous at their
bases; pseudocardinals compressed and ragged; laterals obliquely
striated; nacre bluish white, very soft and brilliant, somewhat irides-
cent posteriorly; male and female shells differing but slightly. Animal
unknown.
+NEPHRONAIAS MACNIELII Lea.
* Unio macnielit LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XIII, 1869, p. 124; *J1. Ac. Nat. Sci.
Phila., 1874, p. 25, pl. vu, fig. 22; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 29, pl. vir, fig. 22.—
*B. H. Wriaat, Check List, 1888.—* Parry, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 158.
Nicaragua.
1T have only seen two specimens of Lea’s Unio averyi and one of his U. caldwellii,
and I can not be certain as to their systematic position. In the latter the beak
sculpture, which is slightly worn, is much of the character of the species of Neph-
ronaias generally, and not like that of Unio, and though somewhat worn the shell
shows traces on the posterior end of faint, bluish green rays. One of the former is
Slightly more inflated in the post-basal region than the other.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 38
594 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL
+NAPHRONAIAS OREGONENSIS Lea.!
* Unio oregonensis LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1852, p. 252; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X,
1852, p. 275, pl. xx, fig. 33; *Obs., V, 1852, p. 31, pl. xxu, fig. 33.—* H. and A.
ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Mol1., II, 1857, p. 494.—* MusGRAVE, Phot. Conch., 1863, pl.
11, fig. 5.—*SowersBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxtv, fig. 383.—* B. H.
WricuHt, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 162.
* Margaron (Unio) oregonensis, LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 45.
Nicaragua.
t NEPHRONAIAS ROWELLII Lea.
* Unio rowellit LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 153; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1860, p. 256, pl. XL, fig. 136; *Obs., VI, p. 74, pl. x1, fig. 136.—* SowERBY,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxxviul, fig. 471.—* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List,
1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 166.
* Margaron (Unio) rowellit LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 35.
Nicaragua; Guatemala; Chagres River, Colombia.
t NEPHRONAIAS GOASCORANENSIS Lea.
* Unio goascoranensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 118; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 258, pl. x11, fig. 139; *Obs., VIL, 1860, p. 76, pl. x11, fig. 139.—
*B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) goascoranensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 45.
Goascoran River, Honduras.
+t NEPHRONAIAS DYSONII Lea.
* Unio dysonii LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XI, 1859, p.152; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
TV, 1860, p. 252, pl. xx xix, fig. 1382; * Obs., VII, 1860, p. 70, pl. xxxIx, fig. 132.—
*B. H. WriGut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) dysonii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 35.
Honduras; Costa Rica.
t NEPHRONAIAS TEHUANTEPECENSIS Crosse and Fischer.
*Unio tehuantepecensis CROSSE and FISCHER, J. de Conch., XLI, 1893, p. 296.—
* FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 618, pl. LXV, figs. 3, 3a, 4.
Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Mexico; Honduras.
(Group of Nephronaias reticulatus.)
Shell evenly elliptical, shightly biangulate behind, solid and inflated ;
surface covered with fine, concentric ridges and having delicate, radiat-
ing furrows which cut the sulcations and form them into loops.
1I formerly believed that this species, with the one preceding and following it,
ran together. More recent study, with a large amount of additional material,
inclines me to think that perhaps they may be valid species. Under the name of
Unio rowellit Mr. Lea has in his collection two large N. macneilii, one large rowellii,
three smaller ones and several valves, and two goascoranensis, a species which is
very close to the rest, but probably as good as most of the Mexican forms. I find
specimens which I can scarcely refer with certainty to macnielii or oregonensis, but
which seem to have to some extent the characters of both. This, with a number of
the Mexican and Central American forms, is exceedingly puzzling. This species
occurs with N, rowellii and macnielii,
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 595
tNEPHRONAIAS RETICULATUS Simpson.
* Nephronaias reticulatus Stmpson, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 77, pl. 1, fig. 3.
Patook River, Honduras.
(Group of Nephronaias scamnatus.)
Shell elliptical to elongate, compressed, strongly sulcate, rather solid,
subbiangular behind; that of the female inflated at post-base; epider-
mis olive to brown, sometimes feebly rayed; beak sculpture delicate
and but slightly marked, consisting of faint, parallel ridges, which
show a tendency to fall into two rounded loops; hinge rather solid;
pseudocardinals stumpy, ragged, laterals straight; front part of the
shell solid and suddenly becoming thinner behind; nacre bluish, white,
salmon, or purple.
Animal unknown.
tNEPHRONAIAS SCAMNATUS Morelet.
* Unio scamnatus MORELET, Test. Nov., No. 1, 1849, p. 30.—* Poky, Mem. Hist.
Cuba, II, 1858, p. 417.—* ARanGo, Faun. Mal, Cuba, 1878, p. 144.—* B. H.
WriGHT, Check List, 1888.—* Pa:TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 167.
* Margaron (Unio) scamnatus LEa, Syn., 1852, p. 40; 1870, p. 35.
* Unio gundlachi SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xLv1, fig. 248.
Cuba; Honduras?
t NEPHRONAIAS GUNDLACHI Dunker.
*Unio gundlachi DUNK®R,! Mal. Blatt., V, 1858, p. 228.—* ARANGO, Faun. Mal.
Cuba, 1878, p. 144.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 154.
Cuba.
i NEPHRONAIAS AZRUGINOSUS Morelet.2
* Unio eruginosus MORELET, Test. Noviss., I, 1849, p. 29.—* B. H. WRIGHT, Check
List, 1888.—* FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 596, pl. Lx,
figs. 2, 2a, 2b.
River Michol, at Palenque, State of Chiapas, Mexico.
'Lea and Poey regard this as the equivalent of N. scamnatus of Morelet, while
Arango believes it to be distinct. Unfortunately both species were described in
Latin and not figured, but Dunker states that his species is inflated posteriorly and
has a bluish nacre, and it is probable that he had before him a female shell when he
wrote the description, for one of the Cuban species, which I think is gundlachi,
has a bluish nacre, and the female shell is decidedly swollen at the post-basal region.
In another form, which I presume is N. scamnatus of Morelet, the nacre is rather
dark, the shell somewhat elongated, and that of the female does not greatly differ
from the male.
2T am not positive that this species belongs here, but its form is like that of most
of the members of the genus, and Crosse and Fischer state that the beaks in their
specimen are entire and smooth. In several of the species of this genus the beak
sculpture is very faint, while in Unio itis almost always strong. These considerations
lead me to place the species here,
596 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
NEPHRONAIAS YZABALENSIS Crosse and Fischer.
* Unio yzabalensis CROSSE and FISCHER, J. de Conch., XL, 1892, p. 294.—* FISCHER
and CRossE, Miss. Sci., Pt.7, II, 1894, p. 597, pl. Lxrv, figs. 4, 4a, 4b.)
Lake Ysabal, Guatemala.
+ NEPHRONAIAS RUGULOSUS Charpentier in Kuster.
* Unio rugulosus CHARPENTIER in KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 154, pl. xiv,
fig. 5.—* Pmre., Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 166.7
Habitat.—A. shell in the Lea collection, which I take to be this, is
marked ‘‘ Mexico.”
NEPHRONAIAS PERSULCATUS Lea.3
* Unio persulcatus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XI, 1859, p. 153; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 255, pl. x1, fig. 185; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 73, pl. x1, fig. 135.—
“egeeROAT, Phot. Conch., 1863, pl. u1, fig. 3.—"B. H. Wricut, Check PEN
1888.—* FISCHER and Grossu, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 614.
* Margaron (Unio) persulcatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 36.
Mexico.
+ NEPHRONAIAS CALIMATARUM Morelet.
*Unio calimatarum MORELET, Test. Noviss., I, 1849, p. 30.—*? SowERBY, Conch.
Tcon., XVI, 1868, pl. LxxIv, fig. 385.4—* B. H. Wriaur, Check List, 1888.—
*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 147.—* FiscHER and CRossE, Miss. Sci.,
Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 612.
Margaron (Unio) calimatarum LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 63.
Mexico; Guatemala.
+ NEPHRONAIAS TABASCOENSIS Charpentier in Kuster.
*Unio tabascoensis CHARPENTIER in KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 153. pl.
XLIV, fig. 3°.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* CROSSE and FISCHER,
Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 611.
*Margaron (Unio) tabascoensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 61.
Mexico; Honduras; Cuba?
1Probably a mere variety of wruginosus.
2XKuster credits this species to Australia and says that it has a purple nacre. The
nacre of all the Australian species is whitish, and the shell is evidently a member of
this group.
3This and the related species are extremely puzzling. Although I have been able
to examine a good deal of material, yet I find great variation in the specimens, and
few of them acurately agree with the figures and descriptions.
4Fischer and Crosse believe this to be Morelet’s species. It looks like a short
cuprinus, but Sowerby says it is solid, and has a dirty-white nacre, while cuprinus
is rather thin and is copper colored throughout.
5The specimens which I have seen do not wholly agree with Kuster’s figure and
description, but are nearer to that than anything else. The material in the U.S.
National Museum is mostly from Honduras though there are specimens credited to
Cuba. Lea referred these to NV. scamnatus Morelet.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 597
{+ NEPHRONAIAS PLICATULUS Charpentier in Kuster.
*Unio plicatulus CHARPENTIER in KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 154, pl.
XLIV, fig. 4.—*FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 598.
Mexico.
+ NEPHRONAIAS RAVISTELLUS Morelet.
* Unio ravistellus MORELET, Test. Noviss., No. 1, 1849, p. 29.—*KustTER, Conch. Cab.
Unio, 1856, pl. xu, fig. 6.—*B. H. Wricutr, Check List, 1888.—*PaTEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 165.—*FIscHER and CRossE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II,
1894, p. 609, pl. LX1, figs. 4,5, and 5a.
*Margaron (Unio) ravistellus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 40.
Guatemala.
+ NEPHRONAIAS VELLICATUS Reeve.
* Unio vellicatus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. x x11, fig. 103.—*B. H.WRIGHT,
Check List, 1888.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 171.—*FiscHEeR and
Crosse, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 610.
Guatemala.
NEPHRONAIAS MELLEUS Lea.
*Unio melleus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XI, 1859, p. 152; *J1l. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1860, p. 250, pl. xxxvuiil, fig. 129; *Obs. VII, 1860, p. 68, pl. xxxvull, fig.
129.—*REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xx1, fig. 92.—*P TEL, Conch.
_Sam., III, 1890, p. 158.
*Margaron (Unio) melleus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 35.!
Mexico or Central America, no doubt.
GENUS GLEBULA Conrad 1853.
(Type, Unio rotundata Lamarck. )?
Glebula CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1853, p. 268.
Shell solid, much inflated, short elliptical, bluntly pointed and slightly
biangulate behind, with a low, posterior ridge; female shell swollen at
post base; beaks compressed, the sculpture not seen; epidermis brown-
ish, clothlike; pseudocardinals divided into irregularly radiating, gran-
ular lamina, sometimes to the number of a dozen or more in each valve;
hinge plate reduced to a mere rounded line behind the pseudocardi-
nals; laterals short, remote, anterior adductor scars deep, smooth;
there is in each valve only a single, large, semicircular posterior scar
‘Tam not certain just where this and the preceding species should be placed.
This remark can be applied to a number of other forms placed in this genus.
27 have examined a number of animals of the only species of this curious genus,
but regret that they were badly decayed, and that none were gravid. In one speci-
men several ovisacs were distended with gas, and these were separated by a deep
sulcus. This fact, the union of the inner gills with the abdominal sac, and the post-
basal swelling seen on some shells incline me to believe that it is a highly organized
species.
598 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
with a straight edge in front; dorsal scars numerous, distinct, placed
back of the pseudocardinals; cavity of the beaks not deep or com-
pressed; nacre dull lurid to purplish brown.
Animal with gills nearly equal in size, inner slightly the larger in front,
- united the whole length to the abdominal sac; ovisacs apparently
separated from each other by a sulcus as in Lampsilis; palpi very large,
wide, wrinkled; mantle having a wide, slightly thickened border, double
edged, the inner being beautifully toothed; branchial opening papillose;
anal crenulate; foot small; whole animal the color of the nacre.
+ GLEBULA ROTUNDATA Lamarck.
* Unio rotundata LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 75.—*LEA, Obs., I, 1834, p.
201.
*Glebula rotundata CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1853, p. 268.
* Unio rotundatus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 201; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 201, pl.
XXIH, fig. 30.—*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 63.—*CONRaD, Pr.
Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257.—*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., IT,
1857, p. 492.—*KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 256, pl. LXxxvVI, fig. 4.—
*REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. x x11, fig. 106.—*B. H. WricuT, Check
List, 1888.—*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 166.—*CaLt, Tr. Ac. Sci. St.
Louis, VII, 1895, p. 47, pl. rx.
* Margarita (Unio) rotundatus Lia, Syn., 1836, p. 33; 1838, p. 23.
* Margaron (Unio) rotundatus LEA, Syn. 347, 1852, p. 34; 1870, p. 55.
* Unio suborbiculata LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 81.—*LEa, Obs., I, 1834,
p. 201.—*DEsHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 546; 3d ed., II, 1839, p.
671.
*Unio suborbiculatus FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26.
Unio glebulus Say, Transylvania J1., IV, 1831, p. 526.—Say, Am. Conch., No. IV,
1832, pl. xxx1v; No. V, 1832, p. 4 (of cover).—ConraD, New F. W. Shells,
1834, p. 69.—CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III, 1845, p. 46, pl. x1, figs. 10-12.—
SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, pl. LXxIv, fig. 384.
*Unio glebulus P@TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 154.
*Unio subglobosus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 30, pl. 11, fig. 3; *Obs., I,
1834, p. 142, pl. 1. fig. 3.—*SowrErBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LxIv, fig.
321.
*Unio granadensis CONRAD,! Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1855, p. 256.—* B. H.
Wricut, Check List, 1888.
Louisiana; eastern Texas; Rio Grande River; Escambia County,
Florida.
1Conrad says itis suboval, with the disks somewhat flattened, with minute, radiat-
ing lines extending to the tips of the beaks. The rotundata sometimes shows radi-
ating ridges at the beaks in eroded specimens. He also states that the nacre of his
species is purple. The description therefore fits Lamarck’s species perfectly,
though I have never known the species to come from so far west asthe Rio Grande—
Conrad’s locality.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 599
Genus OBOVARIA Rafinesque, 1819.
(Type, Unio retusa Lamarck.)
Obovaria RAFINESQUE, J. de Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat., 1819, p. 426.!
Shell short, oval, rounded or retuse, solid, inflated, thick in front,
thinner behind, with high beaks which are sculptured with very faint,
irregular, often broken and slightly nodulous ridges which show a ten-
dency to fall into two loops, the posterior often open behind; epidermis
dull, brownish, silky or clothlike, rarely rayed, rays indistinct; female
shell but slightly inflated in the post-basal region, commonly having a
shallow furrow or a flattened area at the posterior end; pseudocardinals
solid, stumpy; laterals short, club-shaped; anterior and posterior cica-
trices deep and distinct; nacre bluish white or purple.
Animal with very short gills, the inner united to the abdominal sac
throughout; marsupium projecting far below the rest of the branchize
and occupying the posterior portion of the outer gills, dolabriform
or kidney-shaped; mantle with a wide, thickened double-edged border,
the inner edge of which is often slightly toothed at its postbasal part.
Subgenus OBOVARIA Rafinesque, 1819.
(Type, Unio retusa Lamarck. )
Shell retrose to short oval; beaks high, central; pseudocardinals
rarely parallel with the laterals; cavity of the beaks deep, subcom-
pressed; nacre bluish white or purple. Animal with the characters
of the genus.
+OBOVARIA RETUSA Lamarck.
*Unio retusa Lamarck, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p.72.—FERUSSAC, Cuer. Mag.,
1835, p. 28.—DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 534; 3d ed., II, 1839,
p. 668.
*Unio retusus CONRAD, Monog., II, 1836, p. 19, pl. vim1.—* REEVE, Conch. Syst., I,
1841, p.118, pl. Lxxxvul, fig. 16.—* HaNnLEy, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 202; *Biv.
Shells, 1843, p. 202, pl. x x1, fig. 11.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845,
p. 63.—* KusTER Conch. Icon. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 58, pl. x11, fig. 2.—* CONRAD,
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 256.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868,
pl. Lxx1, fig. 363.—* CaLkins, Pr. Ottawa Ac. Sci., 1874, p. 44.—*B. H.
WriGut, Check List, 1888.—* P&aTEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 165.—* Cat,
Tr. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, VII, 1895, p. 45, pl. vir.
* Margarita (Unio) retusus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 34; 1838, p. 23.
*Margaron (Unio) retusus Lm, Syn., 1852, p. 35; 1870, p. 56.
*Unio torsus POTIEZ and MICHAUD, Gall. Moll., 1844, p. 149, pl. Lvu, figs. 1, 2.
Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems.
17 am utterly unable to guess as to what Rafinesque’s first species (Obovaria obo-
valis) is, and the second (0. torsa) is either the Unio retusa of Lamarck or a variety
of Lea’s U. circulus with purple nacre, I can not be certain which- Which of these
two nearly related species it may be, I consider it sufficient to establish the genus,
his description being applicable.
600 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
tOBOVARIA CIRCULUS Lea.
* Unio circulus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., III, 1829, p. 433, pl. rx, fig. 145! *Obs., I,
1834, p. 47, pl. 1x, fig. 14.—SHort and Eaton, Transylvania J1., 1831, p. 77.—
* DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 549; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 672.—
* ANTON, Verz. der Conch., 1839, p. 14.—* Hanury, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 201;
* Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 201, pl. xx, fig. 23.—* CarLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom.,
1845, p. 57.—* KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 41, pl. vi, fig. 2.—* CHENU,
Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xvi, figs. 1, la, 1b.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll.,
II, 1857, p. 492.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxvil, fig. 135.—* B. H.
WriGut, Check List, 1888.
* Margarita (Unio) circulus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 33; 1858, p. 22.
* Margaron ( Unio) circulus Lma, Syn., 1852, p.34; 1870, p. 55.
*Unio subrotundus FERUSSAC, part, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28.2—ConraD, Pr. Ac. N.
Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.
*Unio subrotundus Raf. v. circulus Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 168.
* Mya rotunda Woop, Index Test. (Rev.), 1856, p. 199, pl. 1, Supp., fig.1.
Ohio, Tennessee and Cumberland river systems; southeast Louisiana;
Alabama and Tombigbee drainage? Reported from Michigan and the
St. Lawrence drainage, but the forms in this area are probably O. leibii,
which is perhaps only a variety of O. circulus.
tOBOVARIA TINKERI B. H. Wright.
* Unio tinkeri B. H. Wrigut, Nautilus, XIII, 1899, p. 7. -
*Obovaria tinkert Simpson, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 78, pl. rv, fig. 3.
Tombigbee River, Alabama; Columbus, Mississippi.
| OBOVARIA LENS Lea.’
* Unio lens Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc. Phila., IV, 1831, p. 80, pl. vi, fig. 10; * Obs. I,
1834, p. 90, pl. vii, fig. 10.—*FERuUSsSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26.—* HANLEY,
Test. Moll., 1842, p. 201; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 201, pl. xx1, fig. 4.—* CaTLow
and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 60.—* CHENU, II]. Conch., 1856, pl. vim,
figs. 10, 10a, 10).—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—
* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxvu, fig. 134.—*SowrERBy, Conch.,
Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxvil, fig. 200.—* B. H. Wrient, Check List, 1888,.—
* PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 157.
* Margarita ( Unio) lens Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 33; 1858, p. 22.
* Margaron (Unio) lens LEA, Syn., 1852, p, 84; 1870, p. 55.
*? Unio levigatus Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—Conrab, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p.
70.—CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251.
1 The figured type has a purple nacre.
2 Ferussac makes this = U. orbiculatus Hildreth also.
2 This is sometimes considered asynonym of O. circulus. The two species are exces-
sively variable in form, and both often have a pink or purplish nacre. While indi-
viduals may occasionally be found which can only be referred to either species with
doubt, the majority of specimens can readily be determined, and Dr. V. Sterki
informs me that he has found differences in the animals of the two. As I have only
been able to examine the soft parts of young specimens I have not detected any
differential characters in them.
rR ery § Sin)
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 601
,OBOVARIA LENS var. DEPYGIS Conrad.
*Unio depygis CONRAD, Am. J1. Conch., II, 1866, p. 107, pl. x, fig. 1.—B. H. Wrrent,
Check List, 1888.
Ohio River drainage; southern Michigan.
tOBOVARIA UNICOLOR Lea.!
* Unio unicolor Lma, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., [V, 1845, p. 163; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IX)
1848, p. 74, pl. 1v, fig. 12; * Obs., IV, 1848, p. 48, pl. Iv, fig. 12.—* Conran,
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 259.—* H. and A. ADAms, Gen. Rec. Moll.,
TI, 1857, p. 492.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 171.
*Margaron (Unio) unicolor LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 34; 1870, p. 55.
Mississippi and Alabama, in streams flowing into the Gulf.
TOBOVARIA LEIBII Lea.?
“Unio leibit Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1862, p. 168; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 44, pl. xv, fig. 42; Obs., XI, 1867, p. 48, pl. xv, fig. 42—* B. H.
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.
—* Margaron (Unio) leibii Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 36.
Lake Erie and streams falling into it; southern Michigan; ?Sequatchie
River, Tennessee.
tOBOVARIA ROTULATA B. H. Wright.
*Unio rotulatus B. H. WRriGut, Naut., XIII, 1899, p. 22.
* Obovaria rotulata SIMPSON, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 78, pl. Iv, fig. 2.
Kseambia River, Escambia County, Florida.
Subgenus PSEUDOON Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Unio ellipsis Lea.)
Shell elliptical, inflated, solid, that of the males slightly pointed at
the upper posterior part; epidermis brownish or blackish, rayless or
very feebly rayed, beaks anterior; pseudocardinals solid, stumpy, or
slightly elongate in age, and showing a tendency toward being parallel
with the laterals; cicatrices deep; nacre silvery, iridescent posteriorly.
Animal with mantle having a wide, thickened, double border, the
inner edge being toothed throughout below; gills small; marsupium
not reaching to the posterior end of the outer branchiz, though extend-
ing quite well forward; ovisacs rather numerous, large and distinct,
tinted with purple below; anal and branchial openings finely toothed.
1The type is a young female, somewhat broken, and besides this Lea has a shell
which he has so named that I believe is O. castaneus. Under the name of Unio lens
(Cat. No. 85743, U.S.N.M.) he has a young shell from Jackson, Mississippi, which is
a young male unicolor. The species grows to the size of O. lens, but shows dull rays
and is more inflated than that species.
2 Dr. Lea states that the type is from Erie County, Michigan. There is no county
of that name in the State, and his specimens may be from Erie County, Ohio. I am
very doubtful whether it is more than a dwarf variety of U. circulus, as specimens have
been seen from Tennessee which seem to stand between the two forms.
-
602 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
+ OBOVARIA ELLIPSIS Lea.
* 2Unio brevialis SOWERBY, Rec. and Foss. Shells, XVI, fig. (no date).
* Unio ellipsis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., III, 1828, p. 268, pl. tv, fig.4; * Obs., I, 1834,
p- 10, pl. Iv, fig. 4. -SHortT and EaTon, Transylvania Jl., 1831, p. 75.—* Say,
Am. Conch. I, No. II, 1831.—* DesHayeEs, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p.
547; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 672.—* HanLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 188; * Biv. Shells,
1843, p. 188, pl. xx1, fig. 7.—* PoTiEz and MicHAUD, Gall. Moll., 1844, p. 150,
pl. ivi, figs. 1, 2.—*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58.—
* CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III, 1845, p. 22, pl. rv, figs. 1, la, 1b.—* KusTER,
Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 43, pl. vim, fig. 4.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl.
xvill, figs. 1, la, 1b.—* H. and A. ADAmMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—
*SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxx, figs. 4, 24.—* CALKINS, Pr.
Ottawa Acad. Sci., 1874, p. 42.—* LATCHFORD, Tr. Ottawa Field Nat. Club,
1882, p. 50.—* B. H. Wrigut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., ITI,
1890, p. 151.
* Margarita ( Unio) ellipsis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 22; 1838, p. 18.
* Margaron (Unio) ellipsis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 41.
* Unio triangularis Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.
* Unio olivarius CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70.—* FERussac, Guer. Mag.,
1835, p. 28.
* Unio taitianus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxvil, fig. 338.
* Unio pealei Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p.191; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII,
1874, p. 26, pl. vull, fig. 23; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p.30, pl. vi, fig. 23.—* B. H.
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.
Upper Mississippi system as far south as the Tennessee and Arkansas
rivers; St. Lawrence drainage area.
t OBOVARIA CASTANEA Lea.
*Unio castaneus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 91, pl. x1, fig. 215! *Obs., I,
1834, p. 101, pl. x1, fig. 21.—*Conrapb, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 68.—
* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.188; Biv.
Shells, 1843, p. 188, pl. xxu1, fig. 30.—*CaTLOw and REEVE, Conch. Nom.,
1845, p. 57.—* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 246.—*H. and A.
ApaMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. x1,
figs. 5, 5a, 5b.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* P&Te.L, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 147.
* Margarita (Unio) castaneus Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 22; 1838, p. 18.
*Margaron (Unio) castaneus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 41.
Streams flowing into the Gulf of Mexico, from the Alabama River
west to the Nechez.
The following species are unfigured and indeterminable.
*Obovaria cordata RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Brux., V, 1820, p. 312, pl. LXxx11,
figs. 6, 7.
*Obovaria stegaria RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Brux., V, 1820, p. 312, pl. LXXxu,
figs. 4, 5.
1The name castaneus was applied to some Unio which I am unable to determine,
by Rafinesque in a continuation of a monograph on the Bivalve Shells of the River
Ohio, etc., in October, 1831. According to Scudder, Lea’s name was published the
latter part of the same year, but I have no means of knowing which appeared first.
Under the circumstances I use Lea’s name.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 603
* Obovaria striata RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Brux., V, 1820, p. 311.
*Obovaria torsa RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Brux., V, 1820, p. 312, pl. LXxx1r, figs.
as
*Obliquaria retusa RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Brux., V, 1820, p. 306, pl. Lxxx1,
figs. 19, 20.
Genus PLAGIOLA (Rafinesque, 1819) Agassiz.
(Type, Unio securis Lea. )
Plagiola RAFINESQUE, J.de Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat., 1819, p.426.—Agcassiz, Arch.
fiir Nat., 1852, p. 48, redefined.
Shell triangular ovate, somewhat inflated, solid, with a distinet and
often sharp posterior ridge; surface concentrically sculptured; umbonal
area Somewhat flattened; beaks high, sculptured with delicate, parallel,
doubly looped ridges, the anterior loop rounded, the posterior angular ;
pseudocardinals ragged; laterals club-shaped, straight or slightly
curved; cavity of the beaks moderate, often somewhat compressed;
nacre silvery; female shell more or less inflated at postbasal region.
Animal with the outer gills narrow in front, wide behind; inner gills
wide in front, posteriorly free or united to abdominal sac; marsupium
occupying the posterior part of the outer gills, but not extending quite
to the hinder end, consisting of well-marked ovisaecs which are rounded
below; a distinct sulcus extends the whole length of the kidney-shaped
marsupium at the inside and outside at some distance above its base;
mantle edge thickened and somewhat doubled, in some cases toothed or
fringed below.
'. Subgenus PLAGIOLA (Rafinesque, 1819) Agassiz.
Shell solid, surface irregularly concentrically ridged; epidermis
smoothish, but here and there wrinkled; painted with larger and
smaller scattered rays, which are generally broken into irregular lunate
or squarish blotches; hinge heavy and strong; hinge plate wide and flat;
female shell smaller than the male, more inflated, and swollen at post-
basal region. e
Animal with the branchie rounded below, inner the larger, wholly or
partly free from the abdominal sac; marsupium large, projecting far
below the inner gills; mantle very thin, dark on its thickened, fringed
double edge; anal opening with very small papille.
tPLAGIOLA SECURIS Lea.
*? Obliquaria (Plagiola) depressa RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. Brux., 1820,
p. 302, pl. xxx1, figs. 5-7.}
*Unio securis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., ILI, 1829, p. 437, pl. x1, fig. 17; *Obs., I,
1834, p. 437, pl. x1, fig. 17.—* DEsHayYEs, Encyc. Meth., II, 1830, p. 578.—
SHORT and EaTon, Transylvania Jl., 1831, p. 77.—*DESHAYES, An. sans
' Rafinesque’s name depressa, for what is probably a male of this species, has prece-
dence over Lea’s name, but it was used previously by Lamarck for an Australian
Unio. Rafinesque placed this species in his genus Obliquaria and the subgenus
Plagiola, but after giving the name Obliquaria depressa he calls it U. depressa in paren-
thesis.
604 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. —_-vou.xxu.
Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p.550; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 673.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll.,
1842, p. 184; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 184, pl. xx, fig. 51.—* CaTLow and REEVE,
Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xvi, figs. 4, 4a, 4b.—
*H. and A. ADaAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496.—*CHENU, Man., II,
1859, p. 138, fig. 671.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lx1, fig. 304.—
*B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.
* Margarita (Unio) securis LEA, Syn., 1836, p.19; 1838, p. 16.
*Margaron (Unio) securis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 37.
*Plagiola securis SmirH, Bull. U.S. Fish Com., 1899, p. 291, pl. Lxxx.
*Unio lineolata Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.
-*Plagiola lineolata AGassiz, Arch. fiir Nat., I, 1852, p. 48.
*Unio lineolatus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70.—* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag.
1835, p. 28.—* ConraAD, Am. Conch. (continuation), VII, pl. Lx viii (no date).—
* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251.—* KustER, Conch. Cab.
Unio, 1861, p. 171, pl. L111, figs. 1, 2.
Mississippi drainage south into Arkansas; west into eastern Iowa
and Kansas; Tombigbee and Alabama river systems.
Subgenus AMYGDALONAIAS Crosse and Fischer. 1893.
(Type, Unio cognatus Lea.)
Shell inflated, decidedly truncated at the posterior slope, surface
slightly concentrically sculptured; posterior ridge sharp and well
defined; epidermis shining, sometimes wrinkled looped, and painted
with a beautiful pattern of broken or arrow-marked rays; area of the
beaks flattened off in the direction of the axis of the shell, but not
compressed; beak sculpture delicate, somewhat broken and doubly
looped, the anterior loop rounded, the posterior sharp below, the ribs
fading out where they cross the posterior ridge; hinge delicate, pseudo-
cardinals rather compressed, high, and ragged; hinge plate narrow;
female shell very slightly swollen at post base.
Animal with branchize more or less free from the abdominal sac; mar-
supium consisting of numerous distinct ovisacs, and having a well-
marked sulcus extending around it at some distance above its base;
mantle thickened and doubled on its edge, which has dark papille.
(Group of Plagiola elegans.)
Shell short, triangular oval, inflated, with a very sharp posterior ridge,
extending from the beaks to the hinder point of the shell; male and
female shells scarcely distinguishable, both being much expanded in
the basal region.
tPLAGIOLA ELEGANS Lea.
*Unio elegans Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1851, p.83, pl. rx, fig. 13; * Obs., I, 1834,
p. 93, pl. 1x, fig. 18.—* HanLey, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 183; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p.
183, pl. Xx1, fig. 33.—* CaTLOw and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.58.—* H. and
A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* CHENU, Il. Conch., 1858, pl. xv,
figs. 3, 3a, 3b; * Manual, II, 1859, p. 138, fig. 672.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon.,
XVI, 1868, pl. LXxtv, p. 380.—* CALKIns, Pr. Ottawa Ac. N. Sci., 1874, p. 42.—
*B.H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. ;
*Margarita (Unio) elegans LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 18; 1838, p. 16.
* Margaron (Unio) elegans LA, Syn., 1852, p. 23; 1870, p. 36.
Sap htesvt
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 605
*Plagiola elegans BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 91, pl. xx1, fig. 1.
Unio truncatus Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—* FERussAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27.—
*ConrAD, Am. Conch. (continuation), Pt. 7, pl. LxviI (no date); *Pr. Ac.
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 259.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 174, pl. Lv,
figs. 2, 3.
* Unio truncatus RAFINESQUE Vat. elegans. * PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 170.
Mississippi drainage generally; Michigan; Lake Michigan; south-
west to Trinity River, Texas.
(Group of Plagiola donaciformis.)
Shell small, elongated, triangular oval; posterior ridge generally well
defined but rarely sharp, having broken green rays which form chev-
rons or blotches on a lighter ground; female shell somewhat inflated
in the post-basal region. :
+PLAGIOLA DONACIFORMIS Lea.
* Unio donaciformis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., ILI, 1828, p. 267, pl. 1v, fig.3; *Obs., I,
1834, p. 9, pl. Iv, fig. 3.—* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27.—* DESHAYES, An.
sans Vert. 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 547; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 672.—* HANLEY, Test.
Moll., 1842, p. 183; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 183, pl. xx, fig. 41.—* CaTLow and
REEVE, 1845, p. 58.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. x1, figs. 4, 4a, 4b.—* B. H.
WriaGuat, Check List, 1888. 5
* Margarita (Unio) donaciformis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 18; 1838, p. 16.
* Margaron (Unio) donaciformis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 36.
* Plagiola donaciformis BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 92, pl. x11, fig. 4.
* Unio zigzag LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., III, 1829, p. 440, pl. x11, fig. 19; *Obs., I, 1834,
p. 54, pl. xu, fig. 19.—SHorr and Eaton, Transylvania J1., 1831, p. 79.—
*DESHAYES, An. sans Vert. 2d ed., VI, 1835, p.551; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 673.—
* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 183; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 183, pl. xu, fig. 42.—
*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 65.—* KusTErk, Conch. Cab. Unio,
1852, p. 42, pl. vit, fig. 83—H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., 1857, p. 495.—
*CHENU, Il]. Conch., 1858, pl. vim, figs. 8, 8a, 8b; Man., 1859, II, p. 138, fig.
670.—* SOWwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. XX XIX, fig. 215.—* CALKINS, Pr.
Ottawa Ac. Sci., 1874, p.46.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa: TEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 172.
* Margarita (Unio) zigzag LEA, Syn., 1836, p.18; 1838, p. 16.
* Margaron (Unio) zigzag LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 36.
* Unio nervosa CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70.
* Unio nervosus SAY, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—* FERussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27.—
*ConraAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 253.—* KustER, Conch. Cab.
Unio, 1861, p. 175, pl. tv, fig. 4.
Mississippi drainage generally; Alabama River area; southwest to
the Trinity River, Texas; Michigan. Seems to be gradually replaced
in the southwest by P. macrodon, and there are specimens which can
scarcely be assigned with certainty to either species.
+PLAGIOLA MACRODON Lea.
*Unio macrodon LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 154; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VI, 1862, p. 193, pl. xxvi, fig. 262; *Obs., IX, 1863, p. 15, pl. xxvi, fig. 262.—
* 2? SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxxviul, fig. 437.—* B. H. WRIGHT,
Check List, 1888.—* P&#TeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 158.
*Margaron (Unio) macrodon LEA, Syn. 1870, p. 37.
astern Texas, northward probably into Kansas.
606 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXU.
tPLAGIOLA COGNATA Lea.
*Unio cognatus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 306; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1860, p. 368, pl. Lxv, fig. 193; * Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 50, pl. Lxv, fig. 193.—
* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxIx, fig. 214.—* B. H. WRIGHT,
Check List, 1888.—* F1iscHER and CRossg, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 602.
*Margaron (Unio) cognatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 43.
Rio Salado, New Leon, Mexico.
Subgenus PIYCHODERMA Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Unio cyrenoides Philippi. )
Shell triangularly ovate or rounded, solid, bluntly angled before,
more sharply angular behind, with a tolerably well-marked posterior
ridge; surface strongly and irregularly concentrically sulcate; beaks
small but rather prominent, sculptured with fine, irregular, broken
ridges, which are somewhat doubly looped, the front loop being larger
and more rounded; epidermis olive to tawny, wrinkled, sometimes
having faint rays; pseudocardinals compressed, ragged; hinge plate
narrow; laterals short, slightly curved, obliquely striated; muscle
sears rather shallow, the posterior round; female shell produced in
post-basal region.
Animal with small branchie, inner united the whole length to the ab-
dominal sac, wider than the outer in front, narrower behind; marsupium
occupying the posterior part of the outer gills in from eleven to twenty
distinct ovisacs which are rounded and dark below, the whole having
a decided, parallel sulcus inside and out near its base; mantle thin,
papery, with a wide, thickened, double edge, which is sometimes cre-
nate; branchial opening large fringed; anal opening smooth or with
only the faintest crenulations.'
(Group of Plagiola cyrenoides.)
Shell generally more or less covered with radiating grooves which cut
up the concentric sculpture into looped wrinkles or nodules, sometimes
having the appearance of dried, wrinkled paint, the sculpture extend-
ing into the substance of the shell; epidermis usually tawny or yel-
lowish, rarely showing any vestiges of rays; female shell greatly pro-
duced in the post-basal region.
+PLAGIOLA CYRENOIDES Philippi.
* Unio cyrenoides PHILIPPI, Zeits. fiir Mal., 1V, 1847, p. 93; *Abbild., III, 1848, p.
49, pl. v, fig. 1.—* Conrap, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248.—* H. and
A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* Kuster. Conch. Cab. Unio.,
1862, p. 285, pl. xcvi, fig. 1.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa&TEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 150.
* Margaron ( Unio) cyrenoides LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 38.
1In a female P. cyrenoides, which was not gravid, the sulcus near the base of the
inside of the marsupium was quite deep, in fact the part above it hung over it in a
sort of flap, which would no doubt disappear if it was filled with ova,
3h
NC. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. “260%
*t Unio newcombianus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 103; * Obs., VI,
1857, p. 32, pl. Xxx, fig. 27; * JI. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1858, p. 312, pl.
Xxx, fig. 27.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) newcombianus LEA, Syn., 1860, p. 36.
* Unio sagrinatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxvui, fig. 345,1—
P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 166.
Nicaragua; Venezuela? A specimen in the U.S. National Museum
from the Morelet collection is marked with the latter locality.
t PLAGIOLA ENCARPA Lea.
* Unio encarpus LEA. Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XIT, 1868, p. 95; *J1. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1868, p. 294, pl. xu, fig. 105; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 54, pl. x1iI,
fig. 105.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
Margaron (Unio) encarpus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 35.
Nicaragua.
(Group of Plagiola nicaraquensis.)
Shell much like that of cyrenoides, but simply covered with coarse,
irregular, concentric ridges, and having no radiating grooves or wrin-
kles, faintly rayed in umbonal region. Animal as in Cyrenoides group.
t PLAGIOLA NICARAGUENSIS Lea.
* Unio nicaraguensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 95; * JI. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1868, p. 296, pl. xxi, fig. 107; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 56, pl. xLut,
fig. 107.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron ( Unio) nicaraguensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 35.
* Unio gabbianus Lwa, Pr. Ac., N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 95; *J1. Ac., N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1868, p. 295, pl. xu, fig. 106; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 55, pl. xx111, fig.
106.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) gabbianus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 35.
Nicaragua.
The following species are unfigured and indeterminable.
* Unio nuculinus PuiLieri, Zeits. fiir Mal., V, 1848, p. 176.
Nicaragua. Probably near cyrenoides.
* Unio (Plagiola?) imbricatus MOrcH, Mal. Bl., VII, 1861, p. 205.
Nicaragua. This may equal encarpus Lea.
DIGEN 2.
Male shell inflated, truncated posteriorly; female shell compressed,
expanded into a broad wing behind the post ridge, the wing being
filled with a flap of the mantle.
Genus TRITOGONIA Agassiz, 1852.
Tritogonia AGassiz, Arch. fiir Nat., 1852, p. 48.
Shell solid, elongate rhomboid, having a strong, irregular posterior
ridge, obliquely truncated behind in the male, in the female this region
is somewhat compressed and rounded; base incurved; whole surface
1 Changed in errata by the author to U. newcombianus,
608 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
except the rounded wing of the females covered with pustules; beaks
rather low, incurved and turned forward over the well-developed
lunule, which is elongated and filled with epidermal matter; beak
sculpture strong, consisting of irregular, subparallel ridges which are
curved upward behind, and fine radiating ridges in front of and behind
this; epidermis dark olive; hinge plate rather narrow; pseudocardi-
nals strong, ragged; laterals long and straight, near to the pseudocar-
dinals; adductor scars shallow; cavity of the beaks rather deep and
compressed, female shell more compressed than that of the male.
Aniwal with the inner gills much larger than the outer, generally free
for the most part from the abdominal sac; palpi enormous, elongated,
united to each other behind, and to the mantle a part of their length; _
mantle thin, with a thickened, dark, double border, the inner edge often
toothed throughout, the base much thickened at the posterior end and
folded at the branchial opening; branchial opening large, with numer-
ous crowded papillz; anal opening smooth or with only fine denticula-
tions; superanal opening long, closed below; in the female there is a
thickened flap of the mantle which fills the circular posterior expansion
of the shell, and which has a smaller flap inside; foot and abdominal
sac large, the latter winged in front.!
| TRITOGONIA TUBERCULATA Barnes.
* Unio tuberculatus BARNES, Am. J1. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 125, pl. vu, figs. 8a 8b.2—* HIL-
DRETH, Am. JI. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 282.—SHoR?T and HaTon, Transylvania J1.,
1831, p. 76.—* REEVE, Conch. Syst., I, 1841, p. 118, pl. Lxxxviul, fig. 5.—* Han-
LEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 182; “Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 182, pl. xx, fig. 27.—*Pormz
and MicuHaup, Gall. Moll., 1844, p. 158, pl. Lx, fig. 1.—*CarLow and REEVE,
Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64.—* REEVE, Elements of Conch., 1860, II, pl. xxx111,
fig. 1838.—* CaLkiIns, Pr. Ottawa Acad. Sci., 1874, p. 45.—*B. H. WRIGHT,
Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 170.
* Margarita (Unio) tuberculatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 17; 1838, p. 16.
* Margaron (Unio) tuberculatus LEA, 1852, p. 23; 1870, p. 34. =
* Mya tuberculata EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 217.
* Unio pustulata SWAINSON, Treat. on Mal., 1840, p. 271, fig. 54d.
* Unio gigas SOwERBY,* Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pl. Lv1, fig. 287.
1] have never seen a specimen among the hundreds examined that had young or
ova in the gills. But I have seen spermatozoa in specimens with inflated shells and
ova in those with the wing. Mr. H. M. Kelly, of Mount Vernon, Iowa, who has made
a very careful study of the anatomy of many of our Unionide, assures me that the
form with the compressed shell, having the expanded flap behind, is the female.
21t has been claimed that this species was previously described nnder the name of
Obliquaria verrucosa by Rafinesque, but I am unable to make anything out of his
figure or description; hence I use the name given by Barnes. Barnes’s name was
used by Rafinesque for the species which the former called Unio verrucosus, but as
Rafinesque placed his species in Obliquaria, and as the generic names of both forms
are changed in this work, I do not consider Barnes’s name preoccupied.
3] think that this is a large, rather high male of the species in question. I can not
tind any description of Unio gigas by Swainson, to whom Sowerby credits this species,
and the Megadomus gigas of Swainson (which, so far as I know, is undescribed) can
not be it, as the latter says that his genus, Megadomus, has the lateral teeth imperfect,
one or none. Treatise on Mal., p. 266.
bhiediestis
Sea a ae ee a
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 609
* Unio verrucosus Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—* ConraD, New F. W. Shells, 1834,
p. 72.—* FeRussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VI, 1853, p. 259.—* KustTER, Conch. Cab., 1862, p. 273, pl. xcit, fig. 1.—* Sow-
ERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. 1, fig. 4.
* Tritogonia verrucosa AGAssiz, Arch. fiir. Nat., I, 1852, p. 48.
* Tritigonia verrucosa SMiTH, Bull. U. 8. Fish Com., 1899, p. 291, pl. Lxxx1.
+ TRITOGONIA TUBERCULATA var. OBESA Simpson.!
Mississippi drainage generally; streams falling into the Gulf of
Mexico from the Alabama system west to central Texas.
+ TRITOGONIA CONJUGANS B. H. Wright.
* Unio conjugans B. H. WRIGHT, Naut., XIII, 1899, p. 89.
*Tritogonia conjugaus Simpson, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 79, pl. rv, fig. 1.
Hiawassee River, Tennessee. A single male shell of this remarkable
species, the type, is in the U.S. National Museum collection. I am not
positive that it belongs here, though it probably does.
MESOGEN 2-.
Male and female shells alike, short, solid, inflated; embryos occupying
a few distinct ovisacs in the center of the outer gills.
Genus CYPROGENIA Agassiz, 1852.
(Type, Unio irroratus Lea. )
Cyprogenia AGAssiZ, Arch. fiir Nat., 1852, p. 47.
Shell solid, inflated, rounded triangular, sometimes slightly retuse,
generally a little biangular behind; posterior ridge unusually well
developed, especially in the young shell; umbonal region flattened
parallel with the axis of the shell, sometimes compressed; beaks curved
inward and forward, their sculpture very faint, consisting of slightly
doubly looped ridges; sculpture of the shell nodular, radiately wrinkled,
or lachrymose; ligament black and conspicuous; lunule distinct and
well developed; epidermis shining, painted with a delicate, dark mot-
tling on a light ground; hinge plate wide and flat; pseudocardinals
heavy, triangular, blunt and ragged; laterals short, obliquely striated ;
cavity of the beaks not deep; adductor scars small, well impressed,
those at the posterior round; nacre bright and silvery. Animal with
inner gills partly free from the abdominal sac, rounded below; outer
gills smaller; marsupium consisting of from seven to twenty-three very
long, purple ovisacs pendent from near the central base of the outer
gills, and formed into a close coil with the ends turned inwardly; bran-
chial opening large with many small papillxe; anal opening smooth.
1A short, inflated, peculiarly formed shell from Big Eddy, Nechez River, Texas,
having very few faint tubercles is in the U.S. National Museum collection, and may
be a distinct species. It is certainly worthy of the varietal name here applied,
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 39
610 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XX.
+CYPROGENIA IRRORATA Lea.
* Unio irroratus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IIT, 1830, p. 269, pl. v, fig.5; *Obs., I, 1834,
p. 11, pl. v, fig. 5.—Snorr and Earon, Transylvania Journ., 1831, p. 77.—
* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.181; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 181, pl. xx, fig. 25.—
*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 60.—* CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858,
pl. x, figs. 3, 3a, 3b.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xu, fig. 44.—* B. H.
WriGut, Check List, 1888.
* Margarita (Unio) irroratus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 16; 1838, p. 15.
* Margaron (Unio) irroratus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 34.
* Unio irrorata DESHAYES, Encyc. Meth., II, 1830, p.579.—* DESHAYES, An. sans.
Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 547; 3d ed., IT, 1839, p. 672.
* Theliderma trrorata, SWAINSON, Tr. on Mal., 1840, p. 271, fig. 54a.
* Unio verrucosus albus HILDRETH, Am. J1. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 281.
* Unio stegarius Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—* ConrAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p.
71,—* Frrussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28.—* ConrAD, Monog., X, 1838, p. 33,
pl. xLv1, fig. 1; *Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.—* Runvx, Conch.
Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. x1, fig. 45. z
* Unio stegarius var. irroratus PH#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 168.
+CYPROGENIA IRRORATA var. PUSILLA Simpson.!
Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems; St. Francis and
Saline rivers, Arkansas? Eastern Iowa? The specimens reported
from the western localities may be C. aberti.
{CYPROGENIA ABERTI Conrad.
* Unio aberti CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1850, p.10; * VI, 1853, p. 244; Jl.
Ac. N. Sei. Phila., 1854, p. 295, pl. xxv1, fig. 1.—* B. H. WricurT, Check List,
1888.
* Margaron ( Unio) aberti LEA, Syn. 1870, p. 34.
* Unio lamarckianus Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Sci., X, 1852, p. 266, pl. xv, fig. 20; * Obs.,
V, 1852, p.22, pl. xvu, fig. 20.—* H. and A. ADAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857,
p. 496.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xctt, fig. 498.—* PZTEL,
Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 156.
* Margaron (Unio) lamarckianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 23.
* Unio popenot CALL, Bull. Washb. Coll., I, 1885, p. 49, pl. 1.
Kansas; Missouri; Indian Territory; Arkansas.
Genus OBLIQUARIA (Rafinesque 1820) Simpson.
(Type, Obliquaria refleca Rafinesque. )
Obliquaria RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. Brux., 1820, p. 301.
Shell inflated, solid, oval, ending in a tolerably sharp point behind,
having a row of large, compressed, longitudinal knobs running from
the beaks to the center of the base, those of one valve alternating in
position with the knobs of the other, and a well-developed posterior
ridge, the space between the ridge and knobs somewhat excavated;
posterior slope and sometimes the entire shell more or less corrugately
sculptured; beaks prominent, incurved and pointed slightly forward
toward a tolerably well-developed lunule; beak sculpture strong, con-
1A peculiar, dwarfed variety, about one-half the size of the ordinary form and
much inflated, from the Green River, Kentucky.
4
¥
%
3
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 611
sisting of four or five heavy, parallel ridges, which fall low in front but
are curved upward behind; epidermis smooth, generally shining,
painted with numerous delicate, wavy, darker, broken rays; pseudo-
cardinals strong, direct, and ragged; laterals short, nearly straight;
anterior muscle scars small, the sides of the pit smooth, the bottom
ragged; front part of the shell very solid, suddenly becoming rather
thin just behind the knobs; male and female shells essentially alike.
Animal with small branchiz, rounded below, inner the larger, free
from the abdominal sac in part; marsupium consisting of a few distinctly
marked ovisacs (£ to 7), occupying a position just behind the center
of the outer gills, projecting far below the rest of the branchiz, their
bases rounded; mantle cut away at the thinner portion of the sheli;
anal opening smooth or having only minute crenulations.
+ OBLIQUARIA REFLEXA Rafinesque.
* Obliquaria (Quadrula) refleca RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys., SE) p. 306.—
* CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist Ser., III, 1845, p. 19.
* Obliquaria reflexa BAKUR, Moll. Giiceeo, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 89, pl. xiv, fg 8: XX, fig. 2.
* Unio reflecus Say, Am. Gonene No. VI, 1834.—* ConraD, New F. W. Shells, 1834,
p. 71; *Monog., I, 1835, p.7, pl. Iv, fig. 1.—* FERussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p
28.—* KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 52, pl. x1, fig. 2.—* CONRAD, Pr. Ac.
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 256.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., X VI, 1864, pl. V1, fig. 23.
*Unio cornutus BARNES,' Am. Jl. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 12% Baa IV, figs. 5, 5a, 5b, 5¢e.—
* 2? ANTON, Verz. der Conch., 1839, p. 14.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 179;
Biv. Shells, 1843, p.179, pl. xx, fig.380.—* CaTLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nore
1845, p.57.—* H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.—* CaLkIns,
Pr Ottawa Ac. N.Sci., 1874, p. 41.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.
* Margarita ( Unio) cornutus LEA, Syn., 1836, p.15; 1838, p. 15.
*Margaron (Unio) cornutus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 33.
*Mya cornuta EATON, Zool. Text-book, 1826, p. 216.
*Theliderma cornuta SWAINSON, Treat. on Mal., 1840, p. 269.
Unio torulosus SHORT and EaTon, Transylvania J1., 1831, p. 75.
“t? Unio philippsi CONRAD,? Monog., I, 1835, p. 9, pl. v, fig. 1; *Pr. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 255.—* PTE, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 163.
*Unio phillipstti CaTLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 62.—* KusTER, Conch.
Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 50, pl. x, fig.3.—* H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II,
1857, p. 497.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.
* Margarita ( Unio) phillipsii Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 15; 1838, p. 15.
*Margaron ( Unio) phillipsti LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 33.
*Unio philipsii HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.178; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 178.
Mississippi drainage; Michigan; Alabama River; southwestwardly
to central Texas.
1T am sorry to have to place the very appropriate and well-known name of Barnes
in the synonymy, but Ii believe that the description of Rafinesque for his Obliquaria
refleca defines this species and nothing else, and although it is not figured, I feel jus-
tified in using it.
2 A singular shell having the general form of reflexa, but the knobs are much
broken up. Ihave seen specimens which agree quite well with Conrad’s fine figure,
which I have no doubt represents an unusual form of Rafinesque’s species, and they
hardly seem to me to be a varity. I do not think the so-called type in the Phila-
delphia Academy of Natural Sciences is valid.
612 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XI.
PYYCHOGE NA:
Male and female shells essentially alike, embryos contained in dis-
tinct ovisacs with rounded bases, occupying the entire outer gills,
‘which, when gravid, consist of a series of folds.
Genus PTYCHOBRANCHUS Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Unio phaseolus Hildreth. )
Ptychobranchus Simpson, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 79.
Shell triangular, solid, sometimes becoming arcuate in old specimens,
umbonal region rather elevated; beak sculpture consisting of faint,
somewhat broken ridges which have a tendency to be doubly looped;
posterior ridge rounded but well developed; epidermis usually painted
with wavy hair line rays or broken, radiating bars, which show a tend-
ency to form square spots; hinge plate rather wide and flat; pseudo-
cardinals small, low, triangular and roughened; laterals club-shaped,
remote; cavity of the beaks shallow; muscle scarsratherdeep. Animal
with inner gills free all or part of their length from the abdominal sac;
marsupium occupying the basal half of the whole length of the outer
gills and hanging in from six to twenty beautiful folds; ovisacs dis-
tinct, each ending below in an enlarged, rounded bulb which has a
colored spot in its center; mantle thin, with a dark, thickened border;
branchial opening large, with very minute papille or crenulations, some-
times smooth; anal opening crenulate or smooth.
+PTYCHOBRANCHUS PHASEOLUS Hildreth.
* Unio phaseolus HILDRETH, Am. Jl. Sci., XIV. 1828, p. 283.!—Say, Am. Conch., No.
III, 1830, pl. xxu1.—Suort and Eaton, Transylvania J1., 1831, p. 77.—* Han-
LEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.207; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 207, pl. xx, fig. 50.—* CHENU,
Bib. Conch., 1st ser., III, 1845, p. 31, pl. 1x, figs. 1-6.—* CaTLow and REEVE,
Conch. Nom., 1845, p.62.—*H.and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., IT, 1857, p. 491.—
* SowWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LX x11, fig. 378.—* B. H. WRIGHT,
Check List, 1888.—* Pa:TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 163.
* Margarita (Unio) phaseolus LEA, Syn.,1836, p. 38; 1838, p. 25.
* Margaron ( Unio) phaseolus LEA, Syn., 1852, p.38; 1870, p. 61.
t * Unio planulatus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., III, 1830, p. 431, pl. rx, fig. 138; * Obs.,
I, 1834, p. 45, pl. rx, fig. 13.—* DesHayes, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p.
549.—* CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, pl. x11, figs. 1, la, 1b; *Manual, 1859, II, p.
137, fig. 659.
* Unio planulata DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 672.
* Unio fasciolaris CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 69.—* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag.,
1835, p. 27.—* AGassiz, Arch. fiir Naturg., I, 1852, p. 50.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac.
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 249.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 172, pl. Liv,
figs. 1-4.
* Unio camelus Lea,” Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 102, pl. xv, fig. 45; *Obs., I,
1 Figure left out by the editor.
2Typically this form is quite distinct from the ordinary manifestation of the spe-
cies, being very solid and much humped, but there seems to be every possible varia-
tion to the lighter, more compressed forms, and I do not think it is worthy of a
varietal name.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 613
1834, p. 214, pl. xv, fig. 45.—* FERussACc, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* HANLEy,
Test. Moll., 1842, p. 184; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 184, pl. xx1, fig. 54.—* Cartow
and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 56.—* H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Ree. Moll., I,
1857, p. 495.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pl. LV, fig. 283.—* B. H.
WriGuHrT, Check List, 1888.—P aTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 147.
* Margarita ( Unio) camelus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 19; 1838, p. 17.
* Margaron (Unio) camelus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 37.
* Unio compressissimus LEA,! Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 163; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.,
X, 1848, p. 81, pl. vin, fig. 23; * Obs., 1V,1848, p. 55, pl. vim, fig. 23.—* Conran,
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 247.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II,
1857, p. 495.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch Sam., III,
1890, p. 148.
* Margaron (Unio) compressissimus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 37.
Ohio, Tennessee, and Cumberland river systems; peninsula of Michi-
gan; Kansas; Arkansas; Indian Territory; Louisiana. It is quite
probable that some of the specimens reported from the southwestern
part of the range belong to the next species.
+ PTYCHOBRANCHUS CLINTONENSIS Simpson.
* Ptychobranchus clintonensis SIMPSON, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 79, pl. v, fig. 3.
Little Red River, Arkansas; Indian Territory(?); southwest Ten-
nessee( ?)
+PTYCHOBRANCHUS FOREMANIANUS Lea.
*~Unio foremanianus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., II, 1842, p. 224; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.,
VIII, 1842, p. 247, pl. xxvu, fig. 64; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 85, pl. xxvul, fig. 64.—
* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p.249.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec.
Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* CHENU, Il]. Conch., 1858, pl. xxv1, figs. 1, la, 1b.—
* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxvul, fig. 202.—* B. H. Wrigut,
Check List, 1888.—* P@TeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 153.
* Margaron (Unio) foremanianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 23; 1870, p. 36.
* Unio woodwardius Lea,? Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 170.
* Unio woodwardianus Lea, Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1859, p. 199, pl. xxi, fig. 82;
“Obs., 1859, p. 17, pl. xxi, fig. 82.—* ? REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl.
XVI, fig. 73.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* PasTEL, Conch. Sam., ITI,
1890, p. 172.
Margaron ( Unio) woodwardianus Lr, Syn., 1870, p. 36.°
*Unio velatus CONRAD, Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1853, p. 298, pl. xxvil, fig. 6; *Pr.
Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853 p. 259.
Alabama River drainage.
1 The type is simply an old, stunted phaseolus, with nearly every vestige of epider-
mis eroded away.
2This is the name originally given by Dr. Lea. He afterward changed it to
woodwardianus.
3T formerly thought foremanianus and woodwardianus distinct, but alarge amount of
material received from Mr. R. E. Call, from the Cahawba River, Alabama, shows
that the two absolutely blend together, there being a great diversity of form, and
some specimens show the capillary rays of foremanianus and the square spots of
woodwardianus, while others are of a uniform tawny color.
614 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII
|}PTYCHOBRANCHUS TRINACRUS Lea.
*Unio trinacrus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., V, 1861, p.59; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci., Phila.,
V, 1862, p. 86, pl. xu, fig. 235; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 90, pl. x11, fig. 235.—
* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, pl. LXxx1, fig. 428.—* B. H. Wrra@ut, Check
List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) trinacrus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 36.
Coosa River, Alabama.
+tPTYCHOBRANCHUS GREENI Conrad.
* Unio greeni CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 32, pl. 1v, fig. 1, p. 69.—*FERUSSAC,
Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 203.—* CONRAD,
Monog., VIII, 1837, p. 69, pl. xxxvul, fig. 2.—*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 191;
* Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 191, pl. xxrv, fig. 6. —* CHENU, Bib. Conch., Istser., 1845,
p. 17, pl. 111, fig. 5.—*CaTLow and REEVE,Conch. Nom., 1845, p.59.—*CONRAD,
Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II,
1857, p. 494.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., X VI, 1866, pl. xLVU, fig. 253.—* B. H.
WriGHT, Check List, 1888.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 154.
* Margarita (Unio) greeni LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 24; 1838, p. 19.
* Margaron (Unio) greeni LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 42.
t* Unio simplex Lua, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p.163; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X,
1848, p. 76, pl. v, fig. 15; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 50, pl.v, fig. 15.—* H. and A. ADAMs,
Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.494.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 167.
* Margaron (Unio) simplex LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 42.
Black Warrior River, Alabama.
+tPTYCHOBRANCHUS FLAVESCENS Lea.
* Unio flavescens LA, ! Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 163; Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X,
1848, p. 72, pl. 11, fig.9; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 46, pl. m1, fig. 9.—* CONRAD, Pr.
Ac. N.Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p.249.—* H.and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II,
1857, p. 494.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) flavescens LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 43.
* Unio flavescens PATEL, Conch. Sam., III.
Black Warrior River, Alabama.
ESCHATIGEN &.
Male and female shells alike; embryos in distinct, short ovisacs,
forming a border to the entire outer gills.
Genus DROMUS Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Unio dromus Lea.)
Shell solid, rounded-triangular; beaks well forward, rather high; beak
sculpture consisting of fine ridges running parallel with the growth
lines, the furrows between the ridges interrupted at the posterior ridge;
posterior ridge distinct; a series of humps runs from the beaks down to
the central part of the base of the sheli, which is otherwise sculptured by
1 [ have only seen a single shell of this, and it is not in the best condition. It may
be only a form of greeni, but it is not so inflated or solid, and it has no rays.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 615
irregular concentric ridges; epidermis beautifully painted by undulated,
radiating, broken hair lines or fine maculations; hinge plate wide and
flat; pseudocardinals triangular, small and low, ragged; laterals low,
short, club-shaped; cavity of the beaks deep and compressed, dorsal
muscle scars on the under side of the hinge shelf; adductor scars small;
front part of the shell very thick, suddenly becoming thinner at the row
of humps; male and female shells much alike.
Animal with the inner branchie much the larger, curved below, free
from the abdominal sac; marsupium occupying the base of nearly the
whole outer branchiz in numerous rather indistinctly marked ovisacs,
bases of the ovisacs slightly rounded; ova very minute; palpi small,
curved; branchial opening very large, extending one-third of the way
along the base, fringed with many brown papille; anal opening very
large, finely crenulated.
: +DROMUS DROMUS Lea.
* Unio dromus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 70, pl. x, fig. 29; * Obs., I, 1834,
p. 182, pl. x, fig. 29.—* FERusSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* ConrAD, Monog.,
X, 1838, p. 84, pl. xLvi, fig. 2.—* Hantery, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 181; * Biy.
Shells, 1843, p. 181, pl. xxi, fig. 25.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom.,
1845, p. 58.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248.—* H. and A.
ApDAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496.—*KusteEr, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861,
p. 172, pl. xin, figs. 3, 4. —* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. vil, fig. 29.—
*B. H. WriGut, Check List, 1888.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 151.
“Margarita (Unio) dromus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 16; 1838, p. 16.
*Cyprogenia dromus AGassiZ, Arch. fiir Naturg., I, 1850, p. 48.
*Margaron (Unio) dromus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 23; 1870, p. 34.
Tennessee and Cumberland River systems.
+t DROMUS CAPERATUS. Lea.!
*Unio caperatus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 164; *~Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X,
1848, p. 75, pl. v, fig. 14; * Obs., IV, 1848, p. 75, pl. v, fig. 14.—* H. and A.
ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864,
pl. v, fig. 19.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa&TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI,
1890, p. 147. ‘
*Margaron ( Unio) caperatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 34.
*Unio abacoides HALDEMAN,’ Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1846, p. 75; * Am. JI. of Sei.,
II, 1846 (September), p. 274.
Tennessee River system.
DIAGEN 2.
Male and female shells alike; embryos contained in the outer gills in
short ovisacs which run crosswise of the branchi, and are discharved
entire into the water.
1 Generally this form is more compressed and less humped than D. dromus, but I
think it is probably only a variety of the latter.
2? Haldeman only gave a brief description of his species, and it has never been
figured. According to Lea it equals his U. caperatus, and I believe he is correct.
616 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
Genus ST ROPE Ws Rahinieseue iSO:
(Type, Anodonta undulata Say.)
Strophitus RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. Brux., 1820, p. 316.
Uniopsis AGASSIZ, Arch. fiir Naturg., 1852, p. 49.
Shell elliptical to rhomboid, inflated, subsolid, pointed or biangu-
late behind, with a low posterior ridge, which is sometimes double;
beaks full, sculpture consisting of a few strong, concentric ridges,
which curve sharply upward behind; epidermis rayed or rayless, shin-
ing; hinge line incurved in front of the beaks; teeth rudimentary, a
vestigeal, compressed tooth in each valve, and sometimes a secondary
tooth; laterals rarely present; muscle sears shallow.
Animal with the marsupium occupying the whole of the outer gills,
consisting of short, horizontal ovisacs which run directly across the
gills, and are discharged through the outer wall with the ovules in
them; ovules ten to twenty-five in each ovisac, in one or two rows; inner
gills the larger, free in part from the abdominal sac, or wholly united;
mantle generally bordered behind with square, black spots; branchial
opening with numerous papille; anal opening papillose or crenulate.!
tSTROPHITUS EDENTULUS Say.
Alasmodonta edentula Say, N. Harm. Diss., II, No. 22, 1829, p. 340.—* Conrap,
New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 72.—*L. W. Say, Terr. and Fluv. Shells, 1840,
p. 10.
* Anodonta edentula FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25.—* Haney, Test. Moll.,
1842, p. 218.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502.—* CaLK-
INS, Pr. Ottawa Ac., 1874, p. 50.—* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 107,
pl. xxx, figs. 5,6.—* LATCHFORD, Tr. Ottawa F. N. Club, 1882, p. 55.—* B. H.
Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa#TEL, Conch. Sam., II, 1890, p. 179.
* Margarita (Anodonta) edentula LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 450; 1838, p. 30.
* Anodon edentula CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.66.—* DE Kay, Zool.
N. Y., Pt. 5, 1848, p. 201, pl. xvi, fig. 251.—* HARTMAN and MICHENER, Conch.
Cest., 1874, p. 95, fig. 174.
*Uniopsis edentula AGAssiz, Arch. fiir Naturg., I, 1852, p. 49.
*Margaron (Anodonta) edentula Lia, Syn., 1852, p.49; 1870, p. 79.
*Strophitus edentulus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263.--* BAKER,
Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 67, pl. x1, figs. 5,6; Xvut, fig. 3.
* Anodon rugosus SWAINSON, Zool. [ll., 1st ser., II, pl. xov, 1822.
* Anodonta rugosus HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1848, p. 217.
* Anodonta undulata HILDRETH, Am. JI. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 290.—* CLEsSSIN, Conch.
Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 79, pl. Xx vil, figs. 3, 5.
*Anodon undulata GOULD, Inv. of Mass., 1841, p. 120, fig. 79; 1870, p. 182, fig. 482.
*Unio undulata DESHAYES, Tr. Elem., II, 1853, p. 217, pl. xxx, figs. 8, 9.
* Anodon undulatus SOWERBY, Rich. Faun. Bor. Am., III, 1836, p.316.—* SOWERBY,
Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. x1, fig. 30.
* Anodon areolatus SWAINSON, Zool. I]l., 2d ser., I, 1829, pl. xv1i1.
* Anodonta areolatus FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25.
1TIn this remarkable group of mollusks the changes that take place in the gills
when they are used as a marsupium only last as long as they are gravid. When the
short ovisacs are discharged the gill becomes an ordinary gill again.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 617
* Anodon marginata FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25.
* Anodonta ferussaciana FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25.
*+ Margarita (Anodonta) wardiana LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 50; 1838, p. 30.
* Anodonta wardiana LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 46, pl. xiv, fig. 42; *Obs.,
II, 1838, p. 46, pl. xrv, fig. 42.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p.
238.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 220; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 220.—* H. and
A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.503.—* PaTeEt, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890,
p. 186.—*CatTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 68.—* B. H. Wriaut,
Check List, 1888.
*Anodon wardiana SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. xx vil, fig. 114.
*Margaron (Anodonta) wardiana LEA, Syn., 1852, p.49; 1870, p. 79.
* Anodonta virgata CONRAD, Cover of Mon. No.5, 1836.
*Strophitus virgatus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263.
*Anodon unadilla DE Kay, Zool. of N. Y., Pt. 5, 18438, p. 199, pl. xv, fig. 228.
*Strophitus unadilla CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263.
*Anodon undulata GOULD, Inv. Mass., 1841, p. 120, fig. 79; * 1870, p. 182, fig. 79.
* t Anodonta tetragona LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 165; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.,
X, 1848, p. 82, pl. vii, fig.25; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 56, pl. vil, fig. 25.—* H. and
A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.
— *Margaron (Anodonta) tetragona LEA, Syn., 1852, p.51; 1870, p. 81.
*Strophitus tetragona CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263.
* + Anodonta arkansasensis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., XI, 1852, p. 293, pl. Xxx, fig. 56;
*Obs., V, 1852, p.49, pl. xxx, fig. 56.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., IT,
1857, p. 502.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTeEL, Conch. Sam., ITI,
1890, p. 176.
*Margaron (Anodonta) arkansasensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p.50; 1870, p. 80.
*Strophitus arkansasensis CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 262.
* tAnodonta shefferiana LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 288, pl. xxv1, fig. 50;
*Obs., V, 1852, p. 44, pl. xxv, fig. 50.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II,
1857, p.503.—* PmreL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 184.
*Margaron (Anodonta) shefferiana LEA, Syn., 1852, p.51; 1870, p. 81.
*Strophitus schefferiana CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263.
* Anodonta shefferiana CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 243, pl. XVII, figs. 5-7.
*Anodon shefferianus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. Xxxv, fig. 143.
* Anodonta shafferiana B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1838.
*t Anodonta showalterit La, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 307;* Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., 1862, p. 215, pl. xxx1ul, fig. 284; *Obs., IX, 1863, p. 37, pl. xxx1II, fig.
284.—* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 156, pl. LI, figs. 5, 6.—*B. H.
Wriacut, Check List, 1888.—* PTE, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 184.
* Anodon showalteriti SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxvil, fig. 104.
*Margaron (Anodonta) showalterti LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 79.
* Alasmodon rhombica ANTHONY, Am. Jl. Conch., I, 1865, p. 158, pl. x11, fig. 5.
* Margaritana rhombica PZTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 173.
* Anodonta salmonea CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 91, pl. xx1v, figs. 1, 2.
+STROPHITUS EDENTULUS var. PAVONIUS Lea.
*Anodonta pavonia LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1836, p. 78, pl. xx1, fig. 65; ~Obs.,
II, 1838, p. 78, pl. xx1, fig. 65.—* TrRoscHEL, Arch. fiir Nat.,V, 1839, Pt. 2, p.
239.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 218.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI,
1853, p. 264.—*H.and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.—* Mus-
GROVE, Phot. Conch., 1863, pl. 1, fig. 9.—* CLEss1n, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p.
156, pl. Xxx, figs. 3, 4.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—*Pa&TEL, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 183.
“Margarita (Anodonta) pavonia LEA, Syn., 1888, p. 30.
*Anodon pavonia DE Kay, Zool. of N. Y., Pt. 5, 1843, p. 203, pl. xu, fig. 358.—
618 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL.
*CaTLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon.,
XVII, 1870, pl. xx x11, fig. 128.
* Margaron (Anodonta) pavonia Ln, Syn., 1852, p. 50; 1870, p. 79.
* Strophitus pavenius BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 68, pl. m1, fig.5; Vv, fig. 3.
* Anodon annulatus SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. xvi, fig. 67.
Entire Mississippi drainage; St. Lawrence system and south in
streams draining into the Atlantic to North Carolina; north in the
British possessions to Lake Winnipeg; southwest to central Texas;
Tyner, Alabama.
+STROPHITUS UNDULATUS Say.!
Anodonta undulata Say, Nich. Enc., II, 1816, pl. 111, fig. 5.—SHort and Eaton,
Transylvania Jl., 1831, p. 81.—* FERussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25.—*C. B.
ApaMs, F. W. and L. 8. of Vt., 1842, p. 15.—* Han ey, Test. Moll., 1842, p.
217; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 217.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857,
p. 503.—* LaTCHFORD, Tr. Ot. I*. N. Cl., 1882, p.55.—*B. H. WrigHT, Check
List, 1888.—* H. CARPENTER, Naut., 1V., 1890, p. 57.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 186.
* Margarita (Anodonta) undulata LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 50; 1838, p. 30.
* Anodon undulata CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 68.
* Alasmodonta undulata C. B. ADAMS, Thompson’s Hist. Vt., 1842, p. 165.
*Margaron (Anodonta) undulata Lea, Syn., 1852, p.49; 1870, p. 79.
*Strophitus undulatus STIMPSON, Shells of N. Eng., 1851, p. 15.—* Conrab, Pr. Ac.
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263.
* Anodonta pennsylvanica LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 86.—* Srark, Elem.
Nat. Hist., II, 1828, p. 89.—* DEsHayEs, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p.
567; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 678.—* DELESSERT, Rec. Coq. Lam., 1841, pl. x1,
figs. 4a, 4b.—* CHENU, Il. Conch., 1858, pl. 111, figs. 5, 5a.—* H. and A. ADAMS,
Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.
* Anodon papyraceus ANTHONY, Am. Jl. Conch., I, 1865, p. 161, pl. xv, fig. 2.—* Sow-
ERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. x1v, fig. 46.
* Anodonta papyracea B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* Pa&TEL, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 183.
*Margaron (Anodonta) papyracea LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 81. 5
*Anodon quadriplicatus SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. xxvii, fig. 110.
Northern New England to Virginia, in streams draining into the
Atlantic. This species is reported from Manitoba, but it is probable
that the specimens from that region are S. edentulus.
+STROPHITUS CONNASAUGAENSIS Lea.
*Margaritana connasaugaensis LA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1857, p.185; *Jl. Ac.
N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1859, p. 229, pl. xxxu, fig. 113; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 47, pl.
XXxU, fig. 113.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam.,
ITI, 1890, p. 172.
*Margaron (Margaritana) connasaugaensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 69.
*Unio connasaughensis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxxvul, fig. 474.
*Margaritana connesaugensis CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 269, pl. LXxxXI,
figs. 7, 8.
1Much confusion exists concerning this and the preceding species. The edentulus is
much the larger and solider shell; the undulatus being a small, thin form (Say’s figure
is only about half an inch long, from a young or very dwarf specimen), usually quite
distinctly biangulate behind. The latter is confined tothe Atlantic drainage, while
the former is found in this area and in the Mississippi Valley.
:
Pr
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAITADES—SIMPSON. 619
*tMargaritana alabamensis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p.41; *Jl. Ac. N.
Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 104, pl. x v1, fig. 249; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 108, pl. xv1,
fig. 249.—* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 264, pl. LXxx, fig. 5.—* B. H.
WriGuHt, Check List, 1888.—* P&TxEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 172.
*Unio alabamensis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxx0, fig. 433,
*Margaron (Margaritana) alabamensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 68.
Alabama River system.
+STROPHITUS SPILLMANII Lea.
*Margaritana spillmanii LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Il, 1858, p. 188; *Jl. Ac. N.
Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 105, pl. xvuy, fig. 252; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 109, pl.
XVI, fig. 252.—* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 264, pl. Lxxxm1, figs. 5,
6.—* B. H. Wricur, Check List, 1888.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890,
p. 174.
*Unio spillmantti SOwERBY, Conch. Icon.,-X VI, 1868, pl. LXxxi1, fig. 435.
Tombigbee River, Mississippi.
+STROPHITUS TOMBIGBEENSIS Lea.
*Margaritana tombigbeensis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 1388; *J1. Ac.
N. Sci. Phila., V. 1862, p. 107, pl. xvi, fig. 255; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 111, pl.
XVI, fig. 255.—* B. H. WricuT, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam.,
ITI, 1890, p. 174.
*Margaron (Margaritana) tombigbeensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 68.
*Margaritana (Alasmodonta) tombigbeensis CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p.
268, pl. LXxXI, figs. 3, 4.
Tombigbee River, Mississippi.
+STROPHITUS GESNERII Lea.
*Margaritana gesneriti Lra, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 138; *J1. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., V, 1862, p. 211, pl. xxxu1, fig. 280; *Obs., IX, 1863, p. 33, pl. xxx,
fig. 280.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI,
1868, pl. LXXxXIVv, fig. 446.
*Margaron (Margaritana) gesnerti LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 67.
*Margaritana gessneri PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 173.
Uphaupee and Swamp creeks, Alabama.
+STROPHITUS ELLIOTTII Lea.
*Margaritana elliottiit Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p.138; *J1. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., IV, 1859, p. 226, pl. xxxI, fig. 108; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 44, pl. xxx1, fig.
108.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,
p. 173.
*Margaron (Margaritana) elliottii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 68.
*Margaritana (Alasmodonta) elliottii CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 267,
pl. LxxXxII, figs. 3,4. —
*tMargaritana elliptica LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., ITI, 1859, p. 113; *J1. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., V, 1862, p. 106, pl. xvii, fig. 254; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 110, pl. xv1u1,
fig. 254.—B. H. WricuHt, Check List, 1888.—PTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p.
173.
*Margaron (Margaritana) elliptica LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 68.
*Margaritana (Alasmodonta) elliptica CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 270,
pl. Lxxx1, figs. 5, 6.
Columbus, Georgia; Columbus, Mississippi.
620 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
?STROPHITUS RADIATUS Conrad.
*Alasmodonta radiata CONRAD, Am. Jl. Sci., XXV, 1834, p. 341, pl. 1, fig. 10.1
Small streams of southern Alabama.
HOMOGEN 2&.
Male and female shells alike, oval to elongate; beak sculpture coarse;
embryos filling the entire outer gills in the form of thick, smooth pads;
the ovisacs not separated by sulci.
Genus ANODONTA (Bruguiere em.) Lamarck, 1799.
(Type, Mytilus cygneus Linnieus. )
Mya LInNZUS, part, Syst. Nat., 1758, p. 1158.
Limnea Pout, ‘vest. Utriusque Sic., I, 1791, p. 31; II, 1795, p. 253.
Anodontites BRUGUIERE, JI. Hist. Nat., I, 1792, p. 181.
Anodonia LAMARCK, Prodrome Class. Coq., 1799, p. 87.
Anodon OKEN, Lehrb. Nat. Zool., I, 1815, p. 238.
Anodontes CUVIER, Regne An.., II, 1817, p. 472.
Shell elliptical, thin, inflated, often slightly winged posteriorly; beak
sculpture consisting of rather numerous more or less parallel ridges,
usually somewhat doubly looped, and becoming slightly nodulous on
the loops; surface generally smooth, shining; hinge edentulous,
reduced to a mere line, regularly curved; muscle scars rather faint;
nacre dull.
Animal with the marsupium occupying the whole outer gills, when
filed forming a smooth, very thick, liver-colored pad; gills free from
the abdominal sac from one-half to their entire length; palpi generally
large; branchial opening papillose; anal opening without papille,
though sometimes very slightly crenulate; superanal opening gener-
ally small, widely separated from the anal.
(Group of Anodonta cygnea.)
Shell very evenly rounded in front, pointed behind, the point elevated
above the base, more or less winged on post dorsal part, the line from
the posterior part of the wing to the hinder point usually incurved;
beaks flattened, the sculpture consisting of numerous more or less con-
centric ridges, which are sometimes broken up into rather irregular
corrugations.
Animal with the inner gills the larger, free from the abdominal sac
nearly or quite their whole Hun palpi large.
'T can eae matin out of /nng, Aine figure Dome poor and the description
meager. Conrad places it in Strophitus in his Synopsis, 1853.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 621
tANODONTA CYGNEA Linneus.!
*Mytilus cygneus LINN&US,*? Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1758, I, p. 706, No. 1158.—
*MULLER, Vermium, II, 1774, p. 208.—* Da Cosra, Hist. Nat. Test. Brit.,
1778, p. 214, pl. xv, fig. 2.—* GMELIN, Syst. Nat., 13th ed., 1778, p. 3335.—
*ScCHROTER, Flussconch., 1779, p. 162, pl. m1, fig.1; * Ein. Conch., III, 1783,
p. 440.—* Oxrvi, Zool. Adr., 1792, p. 125.—* Donovan, Brit. Shells, JI, 1800,
pl. Lv.—MontaGu, Test. Brit., 1803, p. 170.—Turron, Brit. Faun., 1807, p.
165.—* MaTon and Rackert, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond., VIII, 1807, p. 109, pl. 11,
figs. 2, 3.—* SCHUMACHER, Ess. Nouv. Syst., 1817, p. 106.—* DILLWyn, Cat.,
1817, p. 315.—TuRTON, Conch. Dict. 1819, p. 115.—* SHEPPaRD, Tr. Linn. Soc.
Lond., XIII, 1820, p. 84, pl. v, fig. 3.—* Woop, Ind. Test., 1825, p. 58, pl. xu,
fig. 32 f.—* HANLEY, Ipsa Linn. Conch., 1855, p. 487.—* Woop, Ind. Test. Rev.,
1856, p. 69, pl. x1, fig. 32.
* Anodontes cygneus CUVIER, Regne An., II, 1817, p. 472.
*Anodon cygneus TURTON, Conch. Ins. Brit., 1822, p. 239.—* FLEMING, Hist. Brit.
Moll., 1828, p. 415.—* Turton, Man. L. and F. W. Shells, 1831, p. 17, fig. 8.—
* BRowN, Land and F. W. Conch., 1836, p. 99, pl. x1, figs. 1-3e.—* THompson,
Ann. and Mag. N. Hist., VI, 1840, p. 196.—* Brown, Ill. Rec. Conch., 1844, p. 79,
pl. xxvitl, ete.—* TURTON, Man. L. and F. W. Shells, 1857, p. 271, fig. 65, pl. 1,
fig. 8.—* Tarte, L. and F. W. Moll. Brit., 1866, pl. 1.—*SowkrrBy, Conch.
Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. 1, fig. 2.
*Anodonta cygnea DRAPARNAUD, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1806, p. 154, pl. xu, fig. 1; pl. x1,
fig.6.—* MILLET, Moll. Maine et Loire, 1813, p. 76.—* GAERTNER, Vers. Syst.,
1813, p. 38.—* BRARD, Hist. Coq. Paris, 1815, p. 234, pls. 1x, x.—* KLEEs, Desc.
Test., 1818, p. 43.—* Lamarck, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 84.—* C. PFEIFFER,
L. and 8. Moll., 1821, Pt. 1, p. 111, pl. v, fig. 4.—Bosc, Hist. Nat. Coq., 1824, III,
p. 142.—* BLaINVILLE, Man., 1825, p. 358, pl. Lxvi, fig. 1.—* WAARDENBERG,
Com. Hist. Nat. An., 1827, p.37.—* Stark, Nat. Hist., 1828, II, p.89.—*GuERIN,
Icon. Regne An., II, 1829, pl. xxvi, fig. 5.—* ROSSMASSLER, Icon., I, 1835, p.
111, pl. 1, fig. 67, etc.—* GouPIL, Hist. Moll. Sarthe, 1835, p. 81.—* Wyatt,
Man. Conch., 1838, p. 68, pl. x1, fig. 2.—* Porro, Mal. Como., 1838, p. 110.—
*GRAS, Moll. Isere, 1840, p. 70, pl. v1, fig. 7.—* HANLEy, Test. Moll., 1842, p.
216; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 216.—* Scuouz, Schleis. L. and W. Moll., 1848, p.
118.—* MORELET, Moll. Port., 1845, p. 100.—*PuTon, Moll. Vosges, 1847,
p. 68.—* GASSEIZ, Moll. Ag., 1849, p. 189.—*SrEIn, Die Leb. Schneck., 1850,
1The number of specific names bestowed on the Anodontas of Kurope must run up
into the thousands. I have gone over the literature as carefully as possible, and
large series of specimens from many localities, and I confess that I am absolutely
unable to separate these forms specifically. The variations of form, size, color,
solidity, and even texture are sufficient for a large number of species if they were
not everywhere connected by intermediate examples. The new school of concholo-
gists has named every conceivable variation, and in very many cases distorted
individuals. Europe is a densely settled region, and it is possible that the waters
of the streams and ponds in many places may be so affected by sewage and other
offal as to produce many changes in the mollusks living in them. I shall attempt
to recognize a few of the leading forms as varieties, referring them to the author
originally describing them, but on account of the enormous amount of literature
pertaining to these forms and its confused condition, I can not attempt to trace out
these varieties among the descriptions of subsequent writers.
2According to Hanley (Shells of Linnzeus, p. 144) the A. cygnea var cellensis of
Rossmassler (Icon., 1V, 1830, pl. x1x, fig. 280) is marked for this in the Linnzan cab-
inet. Itisa large, rather elongated shell, slightly biangulate behind, somewhat
cut away on the upper posterior part, and having fairly full beaks.
622 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
p. 100.—* DRougET, Nay. Fr., 1852, p. 5, pl. 1; *Rev. et Mag., IV, 1852, p.55.—
*Dupvy, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 601, pl. xv, fig. 14.—* ForBEs and HaNLEy,
Hist. Brit. Moll., II, 1853, p. 155, pl. xx xix, fig. 3; x1, figs. 2, 8; xL1.—* Kus-
TER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 58, pl. xv.—VON WaAUBL, Arch. fiir Natur K.
Liv., 2d ser., I, 1855, p. 183.—* Moquin-Tanpon, Moll. Fr., II, 1855, p. 557,
pl. xLtiv.—* VON WAHL, Suss. Biv. Liv., 1855, p. 133.—* NoORDENSKIOLD and.
NYLANDER, Fin. Moll., 1856, p. 90, pl. vu, fig. 78.—H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec.
Moll., II, 1857, p. 502; ILI, pl. cx vit, figs. 1, la, 1b.—* CHENU, Man., 1859, IT,
p. 145, fig. 718.—* SowERBy, IJ]. Index Brit. Shells, 1859, pl. vir, No. 4.—
REEVE, Elements of Conch., IT, 1860, pl. p, No. 4.—* JEFFREYS, Brit. Conch.,
I, 1862, p. 41.—* RrxEve, L. and F. W. Moll. Br., 1863, p. 215, fig. 1.—* Biz,
Faun. Sieben, 1863, p. 195.—* HoueuTon, Int. Obs.,-1864, p. 68, pl. [1], figs.
1, 2.—* Brot, Etudes Nayades, Leman, 1867, p. 28, pl. 1, fig.1; pl. 11, figs. 1, 2.—
* KOBELT, Faun. Nass. Moll., 1871, p. 247.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. 8. N. and D.,
1873, p. 583.—DRovET, Mem. Acad. Dijon, VIII, 1882, p. 25 (reprint).—* L.
Apams, Coll. Manual, 1884, p. 21, pl. 11, fig. 1.—* Pa Tex, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 178.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 199.—* Locarp,
Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 234. win crenvone! Act. Soc. F. and F. F., XIII, No. 7,
1897, p. 168.
Symphynota cygnea LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc. 1830, p. 456; Obs., I, 1834, p. 70.
*Margarita (Anodonta) cygnea LEA, Syn., 1836, p.48; 1838, p. 29.
*Anodon cygnea CROUCH, Il. Int. Lam., 1827, pl. 1x, fig. 6. CaTLow and REEVE,
Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 66.
“Margaron (Anodonta) cygnea LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 47; 1870, p. 76.
* Anodonta cygnea GAssEIS, Moll. Ag., 1849, p. 189.
“Anodonta radiatus MULLER, Vermium, 1774, p. 209.
* Mytilus zellensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., 13th ed., I, 1788, p. 3262.
* Anodonta zellensis WAARDENBERG, Hist. Nat. Animalium, 1827, p. 37.
“Anodonta cellensis C. PFEIFFER, Deuts. L. and Suss. Moll., I, 1821, p. 110, pl. v1,
fig. 1.—* Bosc, Hist. Nat. Coq., III, 1824, p. 144.—* RossmassLEr, Icon., IV,
1836, p. 22, pl. x1x, fig. 280.—* ScHouz, Schleis. L. and W. Moll., 1843, p.119.—
*STABILE, Faun. Lug., 1845, p. 58, pl. 11, fig. 69.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Nat.,
XIII, Pt. 1, 1847, p. 272.—* Drs Mouttns, Actes. Soc. L. Bord, XVIII, 1852,
p. 495.—* DROUET, Rev. et Mag., IV, 1852, p.60.—* Dupuy, Nay. Fr. No. 2, 1852,
p.11, pl. 11.—*KustTER, Conch,Cab.Ano., 1853, p. 16, pl. Iv, fig. 3; v, figs. 1-4; v1,
fig. 1.—* Binz, Faun. Sieben., 1863, p. 197.—*Bror, Coq. Leman, 1867, p. 33,
pl. 11, figs. 1-3; Iv, figs. 1, 2; vi, fig. 4.—*ScHRENCK, Reis. und F. Am. L.,
II, 1867, p. 722.—* KoBELT, Faun. Nass. Moll., 1871, p. 251.—* LEHMAN, Die
Schneck., 1873, p. 297.—*P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 177.—*WEsTER-
LUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 211.
*Anodonta variabilis DRAPARNAUD, Tab. Moll. Fr., 1801, p. 108.—FouRNEL, Faun.
Moselle, I, 1836, p. 487.
* Mytilus avonensis MONTAGU, Test. Brit., 1803, p. 172.—*TuRTON, Conch. Dict.,
1819, p. 116.—* Woop, Ind. Test. Rev., 1856, p. 69, pl. x11, fig. 34.
* Anodon avonensis, TURTON, Conch. Ins. Brit., 1822, p. 211.
* Anodonta avonensis MOQUIN-TANDON, Moll. France, II, 1855, p. 562, pl. xvi,
figs. 7, 8.
* Mylilus avoensis TURTON, Brit. Faun., 1807, p. 165.
* Mytilus stagnalis TURTON, Brit. Bae , 1897, p. 165.—* DILLWYn, Cat. I, 1817, p.
~ 316.—TuRTON, Conch. Dict., 1819, p. 115.
* Anodonta stagnalis Bosc, Hist. Nat. Coq., III, 1824, p. 143.—* WESTsRLUND, Faun.
Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 199.—* LocarD, Coq. Fr., 1893, p. 228.
* Mytilus fucatus DILLWYN, Cat. I, 1817, p. 317.
* Anodonta sulcata LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 85.—* NILsson, Hist. Moll.
Svec., 1822, p.113.—* DESHAYES, Enc. Meth., II, 1827, p. 147, pl. cc11.—* KLEE-
a
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 623
BERG, Moll. Bor., 1828, p.36 —* DEsHAYEs, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p.
566; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 678.—* HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 216.
* Anodonta intermedia LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p.86.—* C. PFEIFFER,
Deuts. L. and S. Moll., 1821, Pt. 1, p. 113, pl. v1, fig. 3.—* Nixsson, Hist. Moll.
Svec., 1822, p. 117. —* WAARDENBERG, Hist. Nat. Animalium, 1827, p. 37.—
* DESHAYES, Enc. Meth., II, 1827, p. 147, pl. cct, fig. 2.—* PHTEL, Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 180.~.* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p.74.—* Locarp,
Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 263.
*Anodon intermedia CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67.
*Anodon intermedius KENYON, Mag. Nat. Hist., I, 1829, p. 426, fig. 185.
* Mytilus incrassatus SHEPPARD, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond., XIII, 1820, p. 85, pl. v, fig. 4.
* Anodonta incrassata LOCARD, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 260.
* Mytilus macula SHYPPARD, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond., XIII, 1820, p. 86, pl. v, fig. 6.
* Anodon paludosus TURTON, Conch. Ins. Brit., 1822, p. 240, pl. xv, fig. 6.
* Anodonta piscinalis NILSSON, Hist. Moll.Svee.,1822, p. 116.—* ROsSMASSLER, Icon.,
IV, 1836, p. 23, pl. x1x, fig. 281,etc.—* HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 216.—*Gas-
sIEs, Moll. Agen., 1849, p. 191, pl. 1v, fig. 1.—* DrovUET, Rev. et Mag., IV, 1852,
p. 285.—* Dupuy, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 612, pl. xx1, figs. 17, 18.—* Drover,
Nay. France, No. 5, 1852, p.11, pl.v, fig. 1.—* DEs MouLins, Actes Soc. L. Bord.,
XVIII, 1852, p. 496.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 45, pl. 011, figs. 4, 5.—
* MOQUIN-TANDON, Moll. Fr., II, 1855, p. 561, pl. xiv, figs. 5,6; XLVI, figs.
1, la.—* KOBELT, Faun. Nass. Moll., 1871, p. 249.—* LEHMAN, Die Schnecken,
1873, p. 800.—* P&TEL, Conch. 3am., III, 1890, p. 183.—* WESTERLUND, Faun.
Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 284; * Kong. Svensk. Vet. 1876, XIV, No. 12, p. 66.
*Anodonta ventricosa C. PFEIFFER, Doeuts. L. and Suss, Moll., Pt. 2, 1825, p. 30, pl.
111, figs. 1-6.—* DROUET, Rev. et Mag., IV, 1852, p.58; Nay. France, No. 2, 1852,
p. 6.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p.56, pl. x1, figs. 3-5.—* Brot, Coq.
Fam. Nay. Lem., 1867, p. 82.—* DROUET, Mem. Ac. Dij., 3d ser., VII, 1882, p. 29
(reprint).—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 203.—* LocarD, Coq.
de Fr., 1893, p. 230. :
Anodonta minima MILLET, Mem. Soc. Agr., Aug., 1833, p. 241, pl. xu, fig. 2.—* CaT-
LOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.67.—* Dupuy, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p.
611, pl. xx, fig. 20.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 277.—
* LOCARD, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 307.
Anodonta oblonga MILLET, Mem. Soc. Agr., Aug., 1833, p. 242, pl. x11.—* DROUET,
Rev. et Mag., IV, 1852, p.63; Nay. Fr., No. 2, 1852, p.14; His. Moll. Fr., 1852,
p. 65, pl. xvi, fig. 13.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II. Pt. 7., 1890, p. 215.—
* LOCARD, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 273.
* Anodon oblongus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. xv, fig. 54.
’ * Anodonta attenuata HELD, Isis, 1836, p. 280.
* Anodonta exulcerata PORRO, Mal. Como., 1838, p. 111, pl. 1, fig. 12.—* CaTLow and
REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 66.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl.
XXXII, fig. 131.—* CLEssin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 127, pl. x1, figs. 3, 4.—-
* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 262.—* Locarp, Coq. de Fr., 1893,
p. 289.
* Anodonta coarctata POTIEZ and MICHAUD, Gall. Moll., 1844, p. 142, pl. tv, fig. 2.—
*Dupvy, Hist. Moli. Fr., 1852, p.616, pl. xx, fig. 51.
*Anodonta elongata PotiezZ and MicHaup, Gall. Moll., 1844, p. 141, pl. Lv, fig.
1.—* Puton, Moll. Vosges, 1847, p. 69.—* Dupvy, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 620,
pl. xvi, fig. 16.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 307.
* Anodonta glabra STABILE, Faun. Lug., 1845, p. 58, pl. 11, fig. 68.!—* WESTERLUND,
Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 257.
“Anodonta lusitana MORELET, Moll. Port., 1845, p. 103, pl. xu, fig. 1.—* CLESSIN,
\Credited to Ziegler by Stabile.
624 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL, ;
|
Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 85. pl. x x11, fig. 1.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II,
Pt. 7, 1890, p. 256.
* Anodonta regularis MORELET, Moll. Port., 1845, p. 100, pl. x.—* CLEssin, Conch.
Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 85, pl. xxi, fig. 2.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7,
1890, p. 208.
* Anodonta macilenta MORELET, Moll. Port., 1845, p. 102.—* CLessin, Conch. Cab.
Ano., 1878, p. 87, pl. xxiv, fig. 2.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p.
227.—* PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 181.
* Anodonta ranarwm MORELET, Moll. Port., 1845, p. 104, pl. xm, fig. 2,—* CLESSIN,
Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 86, pl. x x11, fig. 3.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II,
Pt. 7, 1890, p. 217.
* Anodonta atrovirens PHILIPPI, Menke’s Zeits., 1848, p. 130.—*SOWERBY, Conch.
Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. x11, fig. 41.
* Anodonta milletit Ray and DROUET, Rev. Zool., 1848, p. 3, pl.1, figs. 1-2.—* Dupuy,
Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 617, pl. xx1, fig. 16.—* DROUET, Nay. France, 1852, p.
15.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502.—* WESTERLUND,
Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 291.—* Locanp, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 296.
* Anodonta grateloupiana Gasstus, Moll. Agenais, 1849, p. 193, pl. 1, figs. 13-15;
pl. m1, fig. 1,1B; pl. 1v, fig. 2.—* Drs Moutins, Actes Soc. L. Bord., XVIII,
1852, p. 496.—* P@TeEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 180.—* WESTERLUND, Faun.
Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 303.
* Pseudonodonta grateloupiana BOURGNIGNET, Mat. Moll. Aceph., I, 1881, p. 29.
*Anodonta dupuyt RAY and DROUET, Rev. Zool., 1849, p. 32, pls. 1, 11.—* DROUET,
Rev. et Mag., 1849, p. 11, pl. m1, figs. 1-2; * Nay. Fr., 1852, pl. vu.—* Dupuy,
Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 606, pl. xvu, fig. 13.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II,
Pt. 7, 1890, p. 234.—* LocarD, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 254.
Anodonta rayi DROUET, Cat. Extram., 1849, No. 35.—* Dupuy, Hist. Moll.
Fr., 1852, p. 614, pl. xx, fig. 22.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. xrx,
fig. 72.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., Ii, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 254.—* Locarp, Coq. de
Fr., 1893, p. 276.
* Anodonta idrina SPINELLI, Cat. Moll. Bresc., 1851, p. 19, pl. 1, fig. 1.—* CLESSIN,
Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 167, pl. Lv, figs. 1, 2.—* KoBETT, Icon., IV, 1876,
p. 67, pl. Cxx, figs. 1156-1159.—* CLEssin, Moll. Oest., 1887, p. 712, fig. 484.—
* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 258.
* Anodonta arelatensis DupUY, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 611, pl. xrx, fig. 14.—
* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 264.
* Anodontites europe LEACH, Syn. Moll. Gt. Br., 1852, p. 326.
* Anodonta. moulinsiana DuPuY, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 614. pl. xx, fig. 19.—* DEs
Mou.ins, Actes Soc. L. Bord., XVIII, 1852, p. 494.—* Drovurt, Nay. Fr., 1854,
p. 5.—* Kosx tt, Icon., VI, 1879, p. 45, pl. cLXv, fig. 1055.—* WESTERLUND,
Faun. Pal., Il, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 217.
* Anodonta normandi Dupuy, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 620, pl. xv1, fig. 15.—
*SOwWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxvuiul, fig. 109.—* WESTERLUND,
Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 303.
* Anodonta parvula DROUET, Nay. Fr., No. 5, 1852, p. 9, pl. 1v, fig. 2.—* WESTER-
LUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 265.—* Locarp, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 283.
* Anodonta rossmassleriana Dupuy, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 608, pl. xvi, fig.
14.—* DROUET, Nay. Fr., No. 5 and 6, 1854, p. 6.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal.,
II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 257.—Locarp, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 266.
* Anodonta subponderosa Dupuy, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 607, pl. xvi, fig. 14.—
* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 234.—* Locarp, Coq. de Fr.,
1893, p. 252.
*Anodonta tenella KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1852, p. 63, pl. Ix, fig. 5.
* Anodonta scaldiana DuPUY, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 613, pl. xx, fig. 12.—* KOBELT,
Icon., VII, 1880, p. 35, pl. cxcrv, fig. 1960.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7,
1890, p. 251,—* LocakrD, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 272.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 625
* Anodonta luxata KUSTER, Conch Cab. Ano., 1853, p.9, pl. 111, fig. 1.—* WEsTER-
LUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 238; Locarp, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 267.
* Anodonta callosa KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 36, pl. Ix, fig. 1.—* WusTER-
LUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 270.
* Anodonta cariosa KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 43, pl. Iv, fig.3; v, fig.1; x,
figs. 1, 2.—* Drougrt, Mem. Ac. Dij., VII, 1882, p. 27 (reprint).—* WEsSTER-
LUND, Faun: Pal., II, Pt.7, 1890, p.216.—* LocaRD, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 236.
“Anodonta arealis GRIT, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 47, pl. 1x, figs. 2-4.—* WxEsT-
ERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 263. om LocaRD, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 280.
* Anodonta charpentiert CSTE, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 49, pl. x1, figs. 3, 4.—
* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. xu, fig. 37.
*Anodonta anserirostris KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 55, pl. x, fig.3; x1,
figs. 1,2.—* DrovuEtT, Mem. Ac. Dij., VII, 1882, p. 28.—* WESTERLUND, Faun.
Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 214.
"Anodonta inornata KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 42, pl. 111, fig. 6.—* WESsT-
ERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 238.—* LocarRD, Coq. de. Fr., 1893, p. 267.
* Anodonta tumida KusTER, Conch, Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 48, pl. x11, figs. 1, 2.—* WEsT-
ERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 240.
*Anodonta subluxata KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 52, pl. x1, figs. 1, 2.—
* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 258.—* Locarp, Coq. de. Fr.,
1893, p. 287.
* Anodonta sondermannii Kuster, Condi Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 54, pl. x11, fig. 4.—
* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 240.
* Anodonta opalina KUSTER, part, Conch. Cab. Ano., 18538, p. 60, pl. x1, figs. 1, 2.—
*DrouEt, Mem. Ac. Dij., VII, 1882, p. 30 (reprint).—* WESTERLUND, Faun.
Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 284.
* Anodonta nilssonii KUSTER, part, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 61, pl. x v1, fig. 2.!
* Anodonta helvetica BOURGUIGNAT, Rey. et Mag., XV, 1863, p. 22 (pl. xx in vol.
XIV, figs. 1, 2).—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 249.
* Anodonta melinia BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. peu. Con., 1863, p. 50, pl. xx v1. —* BOUR-
GUIGNAT, Rev. et Mag., 1865,. pl. xxiv, figs. 1-5.—* WESTERLUND, Faun.
Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 229
* Anodonta elachista BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. peu. Con.,1863, p. 60, pl. Xx x1, figs. 12-14.
* Anodonta psammita BOURGUIGNAT, Rey. et Mag., XV, 1863, p. 21 (pl. xx1 in vol.
XIV, figs. 1-4).—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 269.
* Anodonta pictetiana Brot, Etude Coq. Lem., 1867, p. 45, pl. vill, figs. 1-3.—
* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 288.
* Anodon simplicidus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. x11, fig. 40.
+ANODONTA CYGNEA var. ANATINA Linneus.’?
*Mytilus anatinus LinNwus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, No. 1168.—* MULLER,
Vermium, 1774, p. 207.—* Da Costa, Hist. Nat. Test. Brit., 1778, p. 2151, pl.
XV, fig. 2.—* SCHROTER, Flussce., 1779, p. 160, pl.1, figs. 2,3; * Ein. Conch., III,
1783, p. 442.—* CHEMNITZ, Conch. Cab., VIII, 1785, p. 189, pl. LXXxVI, fig.
763.—* GMELIN, Syst. Nat., 13th ed., 1788, p. 3355.—* OLIvI, Zool. Adr., 1792,
p. 125.—* Donovan, Brit. Shells, IV, 1802, pl. cx1m.—* MonTacu, Test. Brit.,
1803, p. 171.—* TuRTON, Brit. Faun., 1807, p. 165.—* MaTon and RackETT, Tr.
Linn. Soc. Lond., VIII, 1807, i 110, pl. 11a, figs. 1, 4.—* SCHUMACHER, Ess.
1 Kuster’s A Ames on Plate xvi, sansa he gives for this species, are the 4.
footiana Lea. This figure is 4. cygnea.
2According to Hanley (Shells of Linneus, p. 144), the Anodonta complanata in
Rossmassler, Icon., Pt. 4, Plate xx, fig. 283, is contained in the box in the Linnean
collection marked anatina. This is a rather small, compressed form, slightly angular
in front and behind.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii——46
626
10)
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
Noe ‘Shieh 1817, p. 107, “ah 3 I, fae 5.—* DILLWYN, Cat., I, 1817, p. 317.—
TURTON, Conch. Dict., 1819, p. 116. —* SHEPPARD, Tr. ane Soc. Lond., XIII,
1820, p. 85, pl. v, fig. 5.—* Woop, Ind. Test., 1825, p. 58, pl. xu, fig. 33e.—
* HANLEY, Ipsa. abrir, Conch., 1855, pl. 487, “ik Il, , fig. 1.—* Woop, Ind. Test.
Rev., 1856, p. 69, pl. x11, fig. 33.
* Anodon anatinus TURTON, Conch. Ins. Brit., 1822, p. 240.—* SOWERBY, Rec. and
Fos. Sh., XVII, 1823, fig.—* Sree, Hist. Brit. Moll., 1828, p. 415.—
* REEVE, Conch. Syst., I, 1841, p. 121, pl. xct, figs. 1, 2.
*tnodonta anatina DRAPARNAUD, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1806, p. 135, pl. x11, fig. 2.—
* GAERTNER, Vers. Syst., 1813, p. 37.—* MILLET, Moll. Maine et Loire, 1813,
p-. 75.—KLEEs, Desc. Test., 1818, p. 42.—* Lamarck, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819,
p. 85.—* C. PFEIFFER, Deuts. L. und S. Moll., 1821, Pt.1, p. 112, pl. vi, fig. 2.—
* NILSSON, Hist. Moll. Svec., 1822, p. 114.—* Bosc, Hist. Nat. Coq., III, 1824,
p. 143, pl. xx1ul, fig. 1.—* WAARDENBERG, Com. Hist. N. An., 1827, p. 37.—
Stark, Nat. Hist., II, 1828, p. 89.—* KLEEBERG, Moll. Bor., 1828, p. 37.—
* ROSSMASSLER, Icon., V and VI, 1837, p. 57, pl. xxIx, figs. 417-420.—* Porro,
Mal. Como., 1838, p. 109.—* HAaNLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 216; Biv. Shells,
1843, p. 216.—* SrTaBILE, Faun. Lug., 1845, p. 57, pl. m1, fig. 67.—* PUTON,
Moll. Vosg., 1847, p. 68.—* GassixEs, Moll. Ag., 1849, p. 190.—* MIDDENDORFF,
Sib. Reise, II, 1851, p. 283, pl. xx1, fig. 4; xx¥Ex, figs. 5, 6.—* DROUET, Rev.
et Mag., IV, 1852, p. 244; Nay. Fr., 1852, p.4, pl.1v, fig. 1.—* Dupuy, Hist.
Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 610, pl. x1x, fig. 18.—* FRIELE, Norsk. L. Fersk. Moll., 1853,
p. 54.—* VON WAHL, Suss. Biv. Liv., 1855, p. 122.—* Moquin-TaNnpDon, Moll.
Terr. et FI. Fr., II, 1855, p. 558, pl. xv, figs. 1, 2.—* JEFFREYS, Brit. Conch.,
J, 1862, p. 43.—* SCHRENCK, Reis. und Forsch. Am. L., II, 1867, p. 721.—
Brot, Etude Nay. Lem., 1867, p. 38, pl. 111, fig. 4; v, fig. 2; vi, figs. 1-3; vil,
figs. 1-3.—* LEHMAN, Die Schneck., 1873, p. 303.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. S. N.
and D., 1873, p. 587.—* CLEssIn, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 83, pl. xIv, figs. 3, 45
XXVI, figs. 1, 2.—* L. Apams, Coll. Man., 1884, p. 21, pl. 11, fig. 2.—* Pa TEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 176.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890,
p. 225.—* LocarD, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 275.
* dnodon anatina CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 66.
‘nodonta complanata ROSSMASSLER,! Icon., I, 1835, p. 112, pl. 111, fig. 68, IV, p. 24,
pl. xx, fig. 283.—ScHouz, Schleis. L. und W. Moll., 1843, p. 123.—* KUSTER,
Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 12, pl. 111, figs. 2, 3.—* DRoUET, Nay. Fr., 1854, p. 8,
pl. vu, fig. 1.—* Moquin-Tanpon, Moll. Terr. et Fluv. Fr., I1, 1855, p. 560,
pl. XLV, figs. 3,4.—* von WaHL, Arch. fiir Nat. Kund. Liv., 2d ser., I, p. 115.—
* WESTERLUND, Faun. S. N. & D., 1873, p. 586.—* CLESSIN, Nach. Mal. Ges.,
1874, p.85;% Deuts. Ex. Moll., 1876, p. 446, fig. 292.—* KoBELT, Icon., VI, 1879,
p. 44, pl. cLxv, fig. 1650-1654.—* DRovuET, Mem. Ac. Dij., VII, 1882, p. 24 (re-
print).—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 301.—* P&TEL, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 178.
* dAnodon complanatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. 1x, fig. 21
+ ANODONTA CYGNEA var. PONDEROSA C. Pfeiffer.
* Anodonta ponderosa C. PFEIFFER, Deuts. L. und S. Moll., 1825, Pt. 2, p. 31, pl. Iv,
figs. 1-6.—* WAARDENBERG, Com. Hist. Nat. An., 1827, p. 37.—* KLEEBERG,
Moll. Bor., 1828, p.37.—* ROSSMASSLER, Icon., IV, 1836, p. 24, pl. xx, fig. 282.—
Porro, Mal. Como., 1838, p. 112.—* HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1843,p. 216.—ScHOLz,
1Credited to Ziegler Museum by Rossmassler. It was published under the name
Anodonta compressa in Menke’s Synopsis, 1831, but not described.
2 According to Clessin in this paper this is the only European species distinct from
A. cygnea,
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 627
Schl. L. & W, Moll., 1843, p. 122.—* Dupuy, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 604, pl.
Xvill, fig. 12.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 13, pl. 1v, fig. 1.—* Drou-
ET, Nay. Fr., 1854, p. 2, pl. vi.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p.
233.
+, ANODONTA CYGNEA var. ROSTRATA Rossmassler,!
* Anodonta rostrata ROSSMASSLER, Icon., IV, 1836, p. 25, pl. xx, fig. 284.2—* Cat-
Low and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67.—* STABILLE, Faun. Lug., 1845, p. 59,
pl. 11, fig. 70.—* DROUET, Rev. et Mag., IV, 1852, p. 288; Nay. Fr., 1852, p. 14, pl.
Vv, fig. 2.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 14, pl. 1v, fig. 2.—* BourGuI-
GNAT, Rev. et Mag., XV, 1863, p. 23, (also XIV, pl. xx1, fig. 5.)—* Drover,
Mem. Ac. Dij., VII, 1882, p. 37 (reprint).—* PasTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p.
184.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt.7, 1890, p. 246.
*Anodon rostratus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. 11, tig. 4.
Europe generally; Siberia; southward, perhaps, into Asia Minor.
It has been reported from the Amoor River drainage, but | presume
that the specimens from that region belong to the group of A. woodianua.
ANODONTA RETTERI Drouet.
* Anodonta retteri DROUET, J]. de Conch., 1899, p. 402, fig.
Pond in the palace of the governor of Samarcand, Turkestan; very
much like varieties of A. cygnea.
tANODONTA LUCASI Deshayes.?
“Anodonta lucasi DESHAYES, Hist. Nat. Moll. Alg., 1848, pl. cviu, figs. 1, 2.—
*MORELET, J. de Conch., II, 1851, p. 359.—* BouRGUIGNAT, Mal. Alg., 1864, II,
p. 296, pls. XXIII, XXIV, fig. 1.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. xvut,
fig. 64.—* P&TEL, Corch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 181.
* Margaron ( Anodonta) lucasii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 78.
“Anodonta embia BOURGUIGNAT, Mal. Alg., 1864, II, p. 297, pl. xxv.—* P&TEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 179.
Algiers.
ANODONTA CILICIA Kobelt.
t Anodonta cilicia KOBELT, Icon. Ist Supp., 1895, p. 24, pl. vira, fig. 1.
Cilicia, north of Tarsus.
ANODONTA NUMIDICA Bourguignat.
“Anodonta numidica BOURGUIGNAT, Mal. Alg., 1864, IT, p. 298, pl. xx1v, figs. 2-6.—
*P2#TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 182.
“Anodonta letourneauxt BOURGUIGNAT, Mal. Alg., 1864, II, p. 299, pl. xxvi, figs.
2-6.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 181.
Algiers.
'Credited by Rossmassler to Kokeil Museum.
2There is an Anodonta rostrata Held in Isis, 1836, page 280. I do not know
whether it or that of Rossmassler was published first, or whether the two are the
same or not.
%Probably a valid species, yet some specimens apparently belonging to it are cer-
tainly very much like forms of cygnea.
628 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX.
ANODONTA SUBCIRCULARIS Clessin.!
* Anodonta subcircularis CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 87, pl. XX, pee 3, 4.
Scutari Lake, European Turkey.
ANODONTA VESCOIANA Bourguignat.
*Anodonta vescciana BoURGUIGNAT, Ann. Mal., IT, 1857, p. 34, pl. 1, figs. 1, 2.—
* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 100, pl. x XIX, figs. 1, 2.—* KoBELT, Icon.,
VII, 1880, p. 83, pl. covu, fig. 2102.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 186.—
* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 201.
*Margaron (Anodonta) vescoiana LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 81.
-Asia Minor.
+ ANODONTA BERINGIANA Middendorff.
* 4nodonta cellensis SCHROTER var. beringiana MIDDENDOREF, Sib. Reise, IT, 1851,
p. 284, pl. xxvu1, figs. 4-7; xxrx, figs. 1-4.—* CLEssIn, Conch. Cab. Ano., 187&,
p. 211, pl. LXV, figs. 1, 2.
* Anodonta youconensis LEA, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., XI, 1867, p. 81.
*Anodonta youkanensis LEA, JI. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1¢68, p. 287, pl. x1, fig.
99; Obs., XII, 1869, p. 47, pl. xu, fig. 99.—* CLEssIn, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874,
p- 133, pl. xLu1, figs. 1, 2.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Anodonta) youkanensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 80.
* Anodonta youkanensis P#TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 186.
Kamtschatka; Alaska.’
+ ANODONTA KENNERLYI Lea.
* Anodonta kennerlyi LEA, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 306; *J1. Ac. Nat.
Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 108, pl. xv1u1, fig. 256; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 112, pl. xvi,
fig. 256.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,
p. 181.
* Anodon kennerlyi SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxx1v, fig. 139.
*Margaron (Anodonta) kennerlyi LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 79.
Puget Sound; British Columbia.
+ ANODONTA OREGONENSIS Lea.
“Anodonta oregonensis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 80, pl. xx1, fig. 67;
*Obs., II, 1838, p. 80, pl. x x1, fig. 67. _* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., VI, 1839;
II, p. 939,—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264,—* H. and A.
Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.--* CLessin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874,
p. 170, pl. Lv1, figs. 5, 6.—* B. H. WriauT, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 182.
* Margarita (Anodonta) oregonensis LEA, Syn., 1837, p. 30.
* Anodon oregonensis CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67.—* GOULD and
CARPENTER, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, p. 218.—*SowrErBy, Conch. Icon.,
XVII, 1867, pl. xvu, fig. 63.
* Margaron (Anodonta) oregonensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p.49; 1870, p. 78.
* Anodon cognate GOULD, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., ITI, 1850, p. 294.
1It is very hard to say ie this 18, aS it is ening a Wacencen eeu Probably
a member of the Cygnea group.
2There can be no doubt but what this species occurs in Alaska and the northeast-
ern part of Asia, from an examination of specimens in the U.S. National Museum
collection from both regions.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 629
* Anodonta cognata GOULD, U. 8. Expl. Exp., XII, 1852, p. 435, figs. 546, 546a, 5460 ;
Otia Conch., 1862, p. 187. —* ConRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263.—
* Hand A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502.—*P TEL, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 178.
Washington; Oregon; North California; East to Great Salt Lake.
ANODONTA CALIFORNIENSIS Lea.
* Anodonta californiensis Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 286, pl. xxv, fig. 47;
*Obs., V, 1852, p. 42, pl. xxv, fig. 47.—* Conran, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI,
1853, p. 263.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., I, 1857, p. 503.—* Mus-
GRAVE, Phot. Conch., 1863, pl. 1, fig. 4.—* CLESsIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p.
120, pl. xxxIXx, figs. 4,5.—* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* PmTEL, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 177.
iar jaron (Anodonta) californiensis LEA, cone 1852, p.47; 1870, p. 75.
* Anodon californiensis SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxvull, fig..113.
Washington, south to California; east to Idaho and Arizona. Proba-
bly a variety of the next.
+ANODONTA NUTTALLIANA Lea.
* Anodonta nuttalliana LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 77, pl. Xx, fig.62; *Obs.,
II, 1838, p. 77, pl. xx, fig. 62.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p.
238.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 216; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p.216.—* Con-
RAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264.—*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec.
Moll., II, 1857, p.503.—* CLessin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 147, pi. L, figs. i,
2.—* B. H. WriGHt, Check List, 1888.—* PTE, Conch. Sam., ITI, 190, p. 182.
*Margarita (Anodonta) nuttalliana LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 29.
*Margaron (Anodonta) nuttalliana LEA, Syu., 1852, p.47; 1870, p. 75.
* Anodon nuttalliana CATLOW and REtveE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67.—* GOULD and
CARPENTER, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, p. 218.
* Anodonta triangularis TRASK, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., I, 1855, p. 29.
* Anodon triangularis, SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xx1X, fig. 56.
Washington to California.
+ ANODONTA WAHLAMETENSIS Lea.
* Anodonta wahlametensis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 78, pl. xx, fig. 64;
* Obs., II, 1838, p. 78, pl. Xx, fig. 64.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., V, 1839, Pt, 2,
p. 238.—* Hantey, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 215; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 215, pl. xx1v,
fig. 13.—“ConraD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264.—* H. and A. ADAMS,
Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.503.—* CLEssin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 161, pl.
LIU, figs. 7, 8.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa&TEL, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 186.
* Margarita (Anodonta) wahlametensis LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 29.
*Anodon wahlametensis CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 68.—* GOULD
and CARPENTER, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, p.218.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon.,
XVII, 1867, pl. 1x, fig. 22.
*Margaron (Anodonta) wahlametensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p.47; 1870, p. 75.
* Anodonta rotundata TRASK, Pr. Cal. Ac. Sci., I, 1855, p. 29.
*Anodon rostratus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. 11, fig. 4
* Anodonta laosensis FISCHER,! Bull. Soc. H. N. Autun., 1891, p. 219.
Washington; south to southern California; east to Utah.
1 Sowerby states that his species is from Lao, (Laos?) an error without doubt, as itis
certainly A. wahlametensis. As the name rostrata had been used for an Anodonta by
Kokeil (or Rossmassler) Fischer changed Sowerby’s name to laosensis.
630 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL XXIt.
ANODONTA COARCTATA Anton.
* Anodonta coarctata ANTON, Verz. der Conch., 1839, p. 16.—* TROSCHEL, Arck. fiir
Nat., XI, 1845, Pt. 2, p. 323.—*KusTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 34, pl. VII,
fig. 2.—* B. H. WricntT, Check List, 1888.—* P&#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,
p. 177.—* FISCHER and CRossE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 519.
"Anodonta chapalensis CROSSE and FISCHER, J. de Conch., XL, 1892, p. 295.—
* FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 518, pl. Lx1v, figs. 8-11.
ake Chapala, State of Jalisco, Mexico.
+ ANODONTA EXILIOR Lea.
* Anodonta exilior LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p. 188; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 24, pl. vu, fig. 21; *Obs., XIII, p. 28, pl. vu, fig, 21.—
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* FISCHER and CRossk, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7,
II, 1894, p. 520.
* Anodonta chalcvensis CROSSE and FISCHER, JI. de Conch., XLI, 1893, p. 110.—
* FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 522, pl. Lx1v, figs. 7, 7a.
Mexico, mostly in the Pacific drainage.
(Group of Anodonta dejecta.)
Shell rather solid, subtrapezoidal, narrower and rounded in front,
where it is often considerably thickened, with a slight post-dorsal wing;
beaks rather compressed, the sculpture consisting of numerous irregu-
lar ridges which have a tendency to become doubly looped and nodu-
lous; epidermis rather smooth and shining, greenish or ashy brown;
nacre lurid, darker in the cavity of the beaks; muscle scars irregular,
not well defined; dorsal scars few and rather deep.
Animal with dark colored branchiz, the inner wider in front, nearly
or quite free from the abdominal sac, the outer wrinkled on the outside
into longitudinal and vertical folds, all four united to the mantle to
the extreme posterior end; palpi very large; mantle with a wide, thick-
ened double edge; branchial opening with numerous papille; anal
opening smooth; superanal opening long, deep, united a long way below.
+ ANODONTA DEJECTA Lewis.
*Anodonta dejecta Lewis, Field and Forest, I (August and September), 1875, p.
26;' * Yarrow’s Report, 1875, p. 952.—* B. H. WriacutT, Check List, 1888.—
Simpson, Pr. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIX, 1896, p. 372, pl. xxx, figs. 4, 5.
*+t Anodonta mearnsiana SIMPSON, Nautilus, VI, 1893, p. 134.
Arizona; southeastern California; northwest Mexico.
(Group of Anodonta cataracta.)
Shell thin or solid, inflated, rather evenly rounded in front, generally
somewhat biangulate behind, and very slightly winged in the post-
1Said to be from Arkansas River or its tributaries west of the one hundredth
meridian and collected by Dr. H. C. Yarrow, surgeon and naturalist of Wheeler’s
expedition. This locality is erroneous, as it belongs, no doubt, exclusively to the
Pacific drainage.
NO. 1205. - SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 631
dorsal region; beaks rather full, the sculpture consisting of a moderate
number of concentric ridges or corrugations, which are generally some-
what doubly looped, and often slightly nodulous; epidermis bright and
shining, sometimes faintly rayed.
Animal with large branchiz, the inner larger in front, free in part
from the abdominal sac; marsupium occupying the entire outer gills,
forming an enormously thick, liver-colored pad when filled; mantle thin,
thickened on its edge; branchial papillz small; anal opening smooth.
+ANODONTA CATARACTA Say.!
Anodonta cataracta Say, Nich. Enc., 1st ed., II, 1816, pl. 11, fig. 4.—* ConrapD,
New L. and F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 73.—* FERuUsSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25.—
*~ DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 566; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 678;
Tr. Elem., I, 1853, Pt. 2, p. 218, pl. xxx, fig. 4.—* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 33, pl. vil, fig,
2.—* PHTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 177.—* H. CARPENTER, Nautilus, IV,
1890, p. 56.
*Unio calaracta DESHAYES, Tr. Elem. Conch., 1839, p. 18, pl. xxx, fig. 1.
*Anodon cataracta CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 66.
* Mytilus cataractus EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 224.
*Anodon cataractus SOWERBY, Conch. Man., 1839, fig. 152; Conch. Icon., XVII,
1867, pl. 1x, fig. 25.
*? Mytilus fluviatilis DILLWYN, Cat., I, 1817, p. 316.—* HANLEY, Ind. Test. Rev.,
1856, p. 69.
* Anodonta fluviatilis Bosc, Hist. Nat. Coq., 1824, III, p. 143.—* HANLEy, Test.
Moll., 1842, p. 217.—*C. B. Apams, Thompson’s Hist. of Vt., 1842, p. 164;
*F.W.and L.S. of Vt., 1842, p. 14.—*HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 217.—
*STIMPSON, Shells of N. Eng., 1851, p.15.—*H. and A. ADAms, Gen. Rec.
Moll., II, 1857, p.502.—* LATCHFORD, Tr. Ot. F. N. Club, 1882, p. 56.—* B. H.
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.
*Margarita (Anodonta) fluviatilis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 51; 1838, p. 30.
*Anodon fluviatilis GOULD, Inv. Mass., 1841, p. 117, fig. 80.—*DE Kay, Zool. of
N. Y., Pt. 5, 18438, p. 203, pl. xvii, fig. 234.—*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch.
Nom., 1845, p. 66.—* HARTMAN and MICHENER, Conch. Cest, 1874, p. 94, fig.
192.—SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. xxu1, fig. 86.—* BINNEY, Inv. of
Mass., 2d ed., 1870, p. 178, fig. 480.
*Margaron (Anodonta) fluviatilis LEA, Syn., 1852, p.50; 1870, p. 80.
* Mytilus marginatus EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 224.
* Anodonta dignota FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25.
* + Anodonta virguluta LEa,? Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p. 86; Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., V, 1862, p. 213, pl. xxxuJ, fig. 282; *Obs., IX, 1863, p. 35, pl. xx x11,
‘fig. 282.—* CLEssin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 152, pl. XLIx, figs. 1,2.—* B. H.
.WriGcat, Check List, 1888.—* P#TeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 186.
*Margaron (Anodonta) virgulata LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 80.
1 This species is probably better known by Dillwyn’s name, fluviatilis. According
to Lea and Binney, the first edition of Nicholson’s Encyclopedia appeared in 1816,
which would give Say’s name priority by one year. This edition is extremely rare,
and I have never seen it. It is claimed by some authors to have been issued in 1817.
Dillwyn refers his species to Gmelin, who states that his shell came from the fresh
waters of Europe, and is allied to anatina, and it is quite likely it is A. cygnea. As
there can be no doubt about Say’s species, I think it best to use his name.
21 think this is merely a southern form of cataracta and scarcely worthy of a
varietal name.
632 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXL.
*+ dnodonta williamsii Lra, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1862, p.169; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 27, pl. x, fig. 26; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 31, pl. x, fig. 26.—
* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 154, pl. 11, figs. 1, 2.—* B. H. WriGuHT,
Check List, 1888.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxvui, fig. 112.
*Margaron (Anodonta) williamsii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 81.
*t Anodonta tryonit Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1862, p. 169; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 28, pl. x, fig. 27; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 32, pl. x, fig, 27.—
* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 155, pl. 11, figs. 3,4.—* B. H. WRIGHT,
Check List, 1888.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 186.
*Margaron (Anodonta) tryontit LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 80.
*Anodon tryoniti HARTMAN and MICHENER, Conch. Cest., 1874, p. 95, fig. 195.
Lower St. Lawrence drainage; streams draining into the Atlantic
south to North Carolina. This species has been cited from Grand
River, Michigan, and from north of Lake Superior. Mr. Bryant Walker
states that the former locality is erroneous, and I presume that the
latter is.
+ANODONTA MARGINATA Say.!
Anodonta marginata Say, Nich. Encye., II, 1816, pl. 101, fig. 5.—*C. B. ADAMS,
Thompson’s Hist. Vt., 1842, p. 14.—* Stimpson, Shells of N. Eng., 1851, p. 15.
* Anodonta marginatus HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 217.
* Anodonta fragilis LAMARCK, An. sans. Vert., VI, 1819, p. 85.—* FERUSSAC, Guer.
Mag., 1835, p. 25.—* DESHAYES, An. sans. Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 566; 3ded.,
II, 1839, p. 678.—* DELESSERT, Rec. Coq. Lam., 1841, pl. x11, fig. 2, le, 2a, 2b.-—
*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.217; * Biv. Shells, 1848, p. 217.—* ConraD, Pr.
Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264.—* CLEssIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1854, p. 73, p].
XVII, figs. 3, 4.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., I, 1857, p.502.—* CHENU,
Til. Conch., 1858, pl. 111, figs. 4,4a.—* LATCHFORD, Tr. Ottawa F. N. Club, 1882,
p. 56.—B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,
106 eG
* Margarita (Anodonta) fragilis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 50; 1838, p. 30.
* Anodon fragilis CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67.—* SOWERBY,
Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. xvu, fig. 61.
* Margaron (Anodonta) fragilis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 49; 1870, p. 78.
*+t Anodonta lacustris LHa, Pr. Ac. N.Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p. 84; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., 1860, p. 363, pl. Lx11, fig. 188; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 45, pl. Lx, fig.
188.—-* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 110, pl. Xx x11, figs. 5, 6.—* LaTcH-
FORD, Tr. Ottawa F. N. Club, 1882, p.56.—* B. H. Wriacut, Check List, 1888.—
* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 181.
* Anodon lacustris SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. x1x, fig. 73.
* Margaron (Anodonta) lacustris, LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 80.
* Anodon flava ANTHONY, Am. J1. Conch., I, 1865, p. 160, pl. x1v, fig. 3.
* Anodon flava B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.
* Anodon pallida ANTHONY, Am. J1.Conch., I, 1865, p. 162, pl. xv, fig. 3.
* Anodonia pallida, B. H. WRIGHT, Check ian 1888.—* Pa&TEL, Conch. Sam., IT
1890, p. 153.
* Anodon pallidus SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. x1, fig. 29.
* Anodonta glandulosa ANTHONY, Am. Jl]. Gonene I, 1865, p. 163, pl. xvi, fig. 3.—
* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* P&TEL, Gone Sam., III, 1890, p. 180.
1T am very sure hae this=the 4. fragilis ‘Denna and not the vente Dire,
as Dr. Lea believes. Say describes it as very thin and fragile; epidermis green
olive, paler on the disk, and greener before (behind), within ier white, edged
with whitish, and from his dimensions and figure it is a smaller shell than Dillwyw’s,
the whole agreeing better with the fragilis of Lamarck.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 633
*Anodon irisans ANTHONY, Am. Jl. Conch., I, 1865, p. 163, pl. xv1, fig. 2.
* Anodonta irisans B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.
* Anodonta irisans P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 180.
* 2 Anodon hordeum SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. x vin, fig. 66.
*+ Anodonta subcarinata CURRIER, Am. J]. Conch., III, 1867, p. 113, pl. v1, fig. 5.—
*B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.!
* 2 Anodon subcylindracea SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. xv, fig. ae
* Anodon exvilis SOowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. xx1I, fig. 84.
* 2 Anodon pholadiformis SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1870, pl. xxv, fig. 106.
St. Lawrence River drainage.
ANODONTA TERES Conrad.
“Anodonta teres CONRAD, New F.W. Shells, 1834, p. 47, pl. vu, fig. 2.2—* FeRussac
Guerin. Mag., 1835, p. 25.—* MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 194.—* CHENU,
Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III, 1845, p. 25, pl. 0, fig. 9,.—* CE, Pr. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264,
Santee Canal, South Carolina.
+ANODONTA IMPLICATA Say.
Anodonta implicata Say, New Harm. Diss., II, No. 22, 1829, p. 340.—* Conrab, New
F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 73.— FERUSSAC, ‘Guan. Mag., 1835, p. 250.—* Say, New
L. and F. W. Shells, 1840, p. 10.—* L. W. Say, Terr. and Fluv. Shells, 1840, p.
11.—StTIMpPsoN, Shellsof N. Eng., 1851, p. 15.—* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila.,
VI, 1853, p. 264.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502.—* CLEs-
SIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 78, pl. X1x, fig. 3.—* LaTCHFORD, Tr. Ottawa F.
N. Club, 1882, p. 56.—* B. H. WrieuT, Check List, 1888.—* H. CARPENTER,
Nautilus, IV, 1890, p. 57.
* Anodon implicata GOULD, Inv. Mass., 1841, p. 118, fig. 78; 2d ed., 1870, p. 180, fig.
481.—* Dr Kay, Zool. of N. Y., Pt. 5, 1843, p. 202.—* HARTMAN and MICH-
ENER, Conch. Cest., 1874, p. 94, fig. 193.
*Marqaron (Anodonta) implicata LEA, Syn., 1852, p.50; 1870, p. 80.
* 2 Anodon implicatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. x111, fig. 44.°
*+ Anodonta newtonensis Lra, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 79, pl. xx1, fig 66;
~ * Obs., II, 1838, p. 79, pl. x x1, fig. 66.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 219.
* Margarita (Anodonta) newtonensis LRA, Syn., 1838, p. 30.
* Anodon newtonensis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. xvu, fig. 62.
* Anodonta newtoniensis TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir. Naturg., V, 1839, p. 239.—* ParE.,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 182.
* Anodon newtoniana CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67.
*? Anodon excurvata DE Kay,* Zool. of N. Y., Moll., Pt.5, 1843, p. 202, pl. xvii, fig.
233.—CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check
List, 1888.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 179.
1The type of this is in Mr. Bryant Walker’s collection, and seems to be a variety
of marginata.
2It is hard to say where this belongs, or what it is. The figure shows it a dirty
yellowish, without rays, and shaped something like 4. fragilis, while the description
is too brief to properly characterize it.
’This may be 4. grandis Say.
4T am not certain whether this is the implicata of Say or his cataracta. De Kay
states that the shell is thin and fragile, and the figure shows it to be brown, green,
and yellowish, in irregular bands, and apparently shining and smooth like cataracta.
He says that it is nearest to implicata.
634 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. Xxu.
*Anodonta housatonica LINSLEY, Am. Jl. Sci., 1845, p. 277.—* Stimpson, Shells of
N. Eng., 1851, p. 15.—* H. and A. ADAmMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502.—
* PEHTEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 180.
St. Lawrence drainage; north to Lake Winnipeg; south in streams
flowing into the Atlantic to Virginia; not reported from Michigan.
t+ ANODONTA HALLENBECKII Lea.
*Anodonta hallenbeckit Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 189; *Jl. Ac. N.
Sci. Phila., IV, 1859, p. 232, pl. xxxu, fig. 112; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 50, pl
Xxxul, fig. 112.—* CLessrn, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 95, pl. xxvii, figs. 3,
4.—* B. H. WrIGuHT, Check List, 1888.—* P#TEL. Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p.
180.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. xx111, fig. 89, 483.
* Margaron (Anodonta) hallenbeckii ‘LARA Syn., 1870, p. 78.
*+t Anodonta gesnerit LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., X, 1858, p.139; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., IV, 1859, p. 231, pl. xxx, fig. 109.—* Obs., VII, 1859, p. 49, pl. xxx1,
fig. 109.—* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 95, pl. xxvi, figs. 1, 2.—
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
*Anodon gesnerit SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. vu, fig. 15.
*Margaron (Anodonta) gesnerii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 78.
* Anodonta gessneri P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p.179.'
Georgia.
tANODONTA DOLIARIS Lea.’
* Anodonta dolearis L¥a, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 193.
* Anodonta doliaris L¥a, Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 24, pl. vim, fig. 23; *Obs.,
XI, 1867, p. 28, pl. vin, fig. 23.—* CLEssINn, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 130, pl.
XLII, figs. 1, 2.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Anodonta) doliaris L¥a, Syn., 1870, p. 81.
North Carolina.
+ ANODONTA DARIENSIS Lea.
*Anodonta dariensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 189; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., IV, 1859, p. 230, pl. xxviut, tig. 99; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 48, pl. xx vi1uI,
fig. 99.—* CLESsIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 118, pl. xxxvu, figs. 3, 4.—
*B. H.WriGuHT, Check List, 1888.—* Pa:TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 178.
*Anodon dariensis SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. x v1, fig. 70.
*Margaron (Anodonta) dariensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 80.
Georgia; north Florida.
Group of Anodonta imbecillis.
Shell thin, elliptical, sometimes slightly produced near the center of
the base, pointed behind, with a slight posterior dorsal wing; area of
the beaks generally flattened though often full; beak sculpture con-
sisting of several rather delicate, irregular ridges which show a tend-
ency to break into nodules; epidermis brightand smooth, usually marked
1The type of A. hallenbeckii is a suleate shell, somewhat constricted at the central
base, while that of A. gesneri is not constricted and is smoother. The former may be
slightly diseased, and the museum series of shells appears to absolutely connect the
two.
2 First spelled dolearis by Lea, and afterwards changed by him to doliaris.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 635
with beautiful, delicate, capillary rays; nacre bluish. Animal some-
times highly colored; gills nearly alike in size, often having a distinct
- border of different texture; eye-spots on branchial opening generally
perceptible.
tANODONTA IMBECILLIS Say.
Anodonta imbecillis Say, N. Harm. Diss., II, No. 23, 1829, p. 355.—* Conrap, New
F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 73.—* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25.»—* L. Say, Terr.
and Fluv. Shells, 1840, p. 13.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p.
264.—* H. and A. ApDAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502.—* Ca.kins, Pr.
Dav. Ac. Sci., 1874, p. 47.—* CLEssin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 70, pl. xLrx,
figs.4,5; xxv, fig. 4.—* B. H. WricutT, Check List, 1888.—* PatTEL, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 180.—* Stearns, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, p. 106.—
* BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 55, pl. v, fig. 1. ;
* Margaron (Anodonta) imbecillis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 50; 1870, p. 80.
* Anodon imbecillis SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxvit, fig. 102.
* +t Anodonta incerta LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 46, pl. v1, fig. 16; * Obs., I,
1834, p. 158, pl. v1, fig. 16.—* FERussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25.—* HANLEY,
Test. Moll., 1842, p. 218.—* PamTeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 180.
* Margarita (Anodonta) incerta LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 51; 1838, p. 30.
*Anodon incerta CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67.
*Anodon incertus SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. xvuy, fig. 59.
*Anodon hord« GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. H., V, 1855, p. 229; * Otia Conch., 1862,
p. 218.
* Anodonta hordeum PTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 180.
Entire Mississippi drainage area; south Michigan; North Carolina
to Georgia; southwest to Matamoras, Mexico.
tANODONTA HENRYANA Lea.!
“Anodonta henryana Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p. 102; * Jl. Ac. N. Sei.
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 373, pl. Lxv1, fig. 198; * Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 55, pl. LXV1, fig.
198.—* CLEssin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 141, pl. xLv, figs. 5, 6.—* B. H.
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* P&#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 180.—
* FISCHER and CRossE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 525.
* Margaron (Anodonta) henryana LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 81.
*Anodon henryana SOWERBY, Conch. Icon.,X VII, 1870, pl. xxx1v, fig. 140.2
Northeast Mexico; southern Texas.
tANODONTA GIBBOSA Say.’
Anodonta g:bbosa Say, Exp. to St. Peters R., 1824, p. 265, pl. xiv, figs. 3, 4.—
* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25; * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853,
p. 264.—* H. and A. ApDAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502.—* CLEssIn,
Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 74, pl. xviul, fig. 3.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List,
1888.—* Pe TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 179.
'Typically very distinct from imbecillis, having the dorsal and basal lines quite
straight. But there are many intermediate forins which are very hard to place, and
it is probably only a variety of the latter.
2Anodonta impura Say, (Disseminator, 1829, p. 355) from Mexico has never been
figured and was only briefly described. It is quite likely that it is the same as 4.
henryana. ,
3An exceedingly variable species in form, size, and solidity. 4. dunlapiana seems
to me to be only a slightly elongated, rather solid form.
636 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XM.
* Margarita (Anodonta) gibbosa LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 31.
*Anodon gibbosa CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67.
*Margaron (Anodonta) gibbosa LEA, Syn., 1852, p.51; 1870, p. 81.
*Anodon gibbosus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. 1x, fig. 23.
“+ Anodonta cowperiana Lna, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 289.
* Anodonta couperiana LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 227, pl. xx, fig. 146; -
*Obs., If], 1842, p. 65, pl. xx, fig. 46.—* ConrapD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI,
1853, p. 263.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502.—* CLEss1n,
Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 148, pl. L, figs. 3, 4.—* B. H. WricuT, Check List,
1888.—* Simpson, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 433, pl. LX xrv, fig. 1.
*Margaron (Anodonta) couperiana LEA, Syn., 1852, p.51; 1879, p. 81.
* Anodonta .cooperiana P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 178.
+ ANODONTA GIBBOSA var. DUNLAPIANA Lea.
*t Anodonta dunlapiana LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., II, 1842, p. 225; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.,
VIII, 1842, p. 248, pl. xxv, fig. 65; * Obs., IIT, 1842, p. 86, pl. xxvu, fig. 65.—
* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. xx11, fig. 87.—* CLEssIN, Conch.
Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 220, pl. Lxxrv, figs. 1, 2.—* B. H. Wriacut, Check List,
1888.—* P&TeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 179.
South Carolina to Florida.
(Group of Anodonta suborbiculata.)
Shell large, compressed, suborbicular, somewhat produced near the
center of the base, rounded in front and bluntly pointed behind, with a
slight posterior dorsal wing; beaks flattened, the sculpture consisting
of a few irregular ridges, which are generally broken into nodules,
sometimes only corrugated; a well-defined but low posterior ridge sepa-
rates the smooth, shining area in front from a darker and rougher one
behind; epidermis with numerous delicate, capillary rays near the
beaks; muscle scars very large; nacre rather coppery and iridescent;
palleal line broken, often marked with radiating ridges. Animal
unknown. '
+; ANODONTA SUBORBICULATA Say.
Anodonta suborbiculata Say, New Harm. Disseminator (newspaper form), January
29, 1831; Am. Conch. I, No. II, 1831, pl. x1.—* Conrab, New F. W. Shells,
1834, p. 73.—*FERUsSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25.—* HaNLEYy, Test. Moll.,
1842, p. 222; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 222.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., III,
1845, p. 18, pl. 10, figs. 1, la.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853,
p. 264.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll, I, 1857, p. 503.—* CLESSIN, Conch,
Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 160, pl. Li, figs. 1, 2.—* B. H. Wrient, Check List, 1888.—
*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 185.
-* Margarita (Anodonta) suborbiculata Say, Syn., 1836, p.52; 1838, p. 31.
* Anodon suborbiculata CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 68.
*Margaron (Anodonta) suborbiculata Say, Syn., 1852, p.51; 1870, p. 81.
* 4nodon suborbiculatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. v, fig. 11.
Nebraska, Iowa; Illinois; south to Louisiana. Abundant locally.
' Closely related to the imbecillis group, but differing in form, beak sculpture, the
large muscle scars, and the palleal line.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 637
(Group of Anodonta woodiana.)'
Shell oval, inflated, sometimes narrowed in front, pointed behind,
and often a little produced at the posterior base, slightly winged in the
post-dorsal region; beaks full, sculptured with numerous strong con-
centric ridges, which are either straight in the center of the disk or
slightly doubly looped. There is often a faint posterior ridge, which
may be double, making the shell feebly biangulate behind; dorsal
scars one or two under the beaks; muscle scars irregular.
Animal with the gills large, equal in size, rounded below, free the
greater part of their length from the abdominal sac, somewhat
wrinkled; marsupium occupying the entire outer gills, forming thick
brown pads when filled; palpi large, subelliptical, free from the mantle
a long way; mantle having a wide, thickened edge; branchial opening
crowded with dark papilla; anal opening with no papille, but having
purple ridgesinside; superanal opening closed nearly its whole length.’
t ANODONTA WOODIANA Lea.
*Symphynota woodiana LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 42, pl. v, fig. 13; *Obs.,
I, 1834, p. 154, pl. v, fig. 13.
*Margarita (Anodonta) woodiana LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 48; 1838, p. 29.
*Anodon woodiana CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 68.—*SowErRBy,
Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxxv1, fig. 149.
*Anodonta woodiana HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 215; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 215.—
*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.—* CLessin, Conch.
Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 146, pl. xvii, figs. 1, 2.
*Margaron ( Anodonta) woodiana LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 47; 1870, p. 75.
tSymphynota magnifica Lra,? Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 42, pl. v, fig. 14; Obs.,
I, 1834, p. 155, pl. v, fig 14.
* Margarita (Anodonta) magnifica LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 485; 1838, p. 29.
*Anodonta magnifica HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 215; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 215.—
*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll, II, 1857, p. 503.—* CHENU, Man., 1859, IT, p.
146, fig. 719.—* SCHRENCK, Reis and F. Am. Lande., II, 1867, p. 718, pl. xxvin,
figs. 1, 2.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 181.
*Anodon magnifica CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67.—SoWERBY,
Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxv, fig. 96.
*Margaron (Anodonta) magnifica LEA, Syn., 1852, p.47; 1870, p. 75.
*? Anodonta aurata KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 30, pl. v1, fig. 2.
1 Fischer has made a subgenus Pteranodon (Man. Conch., p. 1003) for A. magnifica,
but I do not see any need of giving it and the related species any higher rank
than that of a group. The shell and animal differ but little from those of other
Anodontas.__ .
2A group closely agreeing in general characters, but having enormous individual
variation. Pere Heude has bestowed specific names on a great number of forms,
most of which are, I think, merely mutations of Lea’s woodiana. Fortunately the
U. 8. National Museum possesses in the Morelet collection a large series of author’s
specimens, and the excellent figures in the Conchyliologie Fluviatile Nanking
enable me to straighten out this difficult group to some extent.
3 Larger and rather more finely developed than A. woodiana, but the large series
of material J have examined absolutely connects the two.
638 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
*? 4nodon rotundatus SWAINSON, Ex. Conch., 2d ed., 1841, pl. xxxvu1.
*Anodon gibbum BENSON, JI. Asiat. Soc., XXIV, 1855, p. 135.
*Anodon gibba SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. v1, fig. 13.—HEUDE, Conch.
Fl. Nank., VII, 1881, pl. 1, fig. 95.
*Margaron (Anodonta) gibba Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 81.—*von MARTENS, Nov.
Conch., IV, 1876, p. 159, pl. cx xx VI, figs. 6, 7.
* Anodonta gibba CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 181, pl. Lx, fig. 4.—* P&TEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 179.
* Anodon tricostatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1870, pl. xxv, fig. 98.—* Paria,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 186.
* Anodonta edulis HEUDE, J. de Conch., XXII, 1874, p. 117.
*Anodon edulis HEUDE, Conch. F. Nank., I, 1875, pl. vii, fig. 18.
* Anodonta edulis PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 179:
*t Anodon securiformis HEUDE, Conch. F. Nank., III, 1877, pl. xvii, fig. 39.
* Anodonta securiformis Pa&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 167.
*tAnodon nigricans HEUDE, Conch. F. Nank., III, 1877, pl. x1x, fig. 41.
* Anodonta nigricans PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 182.
*tdnodon piscatorum HEUDE, Conch. F. Nank., IV, 1878, pl. xxv1, fig. 56.
* Anodon elliptica HEUDE, C.F. Nank., IV, 1878, pl. xxvul, fig. 58.
*tAnodon fusca HEUDE, C.F. Nank., IV, 1878, pl. xxvul, fig. 59.
*Anodon friniana HEUDE, C.F. Nank., IV, 1878, pl. xxvii, fig. 60.
*Anodon joretti HEUDE, C.F. Nank., IV, 1878, pl. xxix, fig. 62.
*tAnodon striata HEUDE, C. F. Nank., IV, 1878, pl. xxx, fig. 63.
* Anodonta striata P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 185.
*tAnodon pacifica HEUDE, C. F. Nank., IV, 1878, pl. xxx11, fig. 66.
*+ Anodon tumida HEUDE, C.F. Nank., V, 1879, pl. xxxv, fig. 69.
* Anodonta tumida P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 186.
* Anodon subtetragona HEUDE, C.F. Nank., V, 1879, pl. xxxv1, fig. 70.
*Anodon lineata HEUDE, C. F. Nank., V, 1879, pl. xxxv1, fig. 71.
* Anodonta lineata PHTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 181.
* Anodon irregularis HEUDE, C.F. Nank., V, 1879, pl. xxxvul, fig. 73.
* Anodonta irregularis P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 180.
* Anodon melanochlorea HEUDE, C. F. Nank., V, 1879, pl. xxxvuil, fig. 74.
* Anodonta melanochlorea PZTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 182.
*tAnodon agricolarum HEUDE, C. F. Nank., V, 1879, pl. XxxIx, fig. 75.
* Anodonta agricolarum PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 176.
*tAnodon mingorum HEUDE, C. F. Nank., V, 1879, pl. x1, fig. 77.
*Anodonia mingorum PTEL, C. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 182.
*Anodon bigibba HEUDE, C.F. Nank., VI, 1880, pl. XL, fig. 78.
* Anodonta bigibba PATEL, C. Sam., III, 1890, p. 177.
*Anodon despecta Hruvk, C.F. Nank., V, 1880, pl. x, fig. 79.
*Anodon obtusa HEUDE, C. F. Nank., VI, 1880, pl. xLu, fig. 80.
*Anodon navicella HEUDE, C. F. Nank., VI, 1880, pl. x tI, fig. 81.
* Anodonta navicula P&TEL, C. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 182.
*Anodon orbicularis HEUDE, C. F. Nank., VI, 1880, pl. XLII, fig. 82.
* dnodonta orbicularis PATEL, C. Sam., III, 1890, p. 182.
*Anodon limosa HEUDE, C. F. Nank., VI, 1880, pl. xL111, fig. 83.
* {nodonta limosa PATEL, C. Sam., III, 1890, p. 181.
*Anodon livida HEUDE, C. F. Nank., VI, 1880, pl. x11, fig. 84.
* Anodonta livida P&TEL, C. Sam., III, 1890, p. 181.
* 4nodon castanea HEUDE, C. F. Nank., VI, 1880, pl. xxi, fig. 85.
* Anodonta castanea P&TEL, C. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 177.
*Anodon minuta HEUDE, C.F. Nank., VI, 1880, pl. XLtv, fig. 86.
*Anodonta minuta PATEL, C. Sam., III, 1890, p. 182.
*+tAnodon succinea HEUDE, C. F. Nank., VI, 1880, pl. xL1Vv, fig. 87.
*Anodonta succinea PHTEL, C. Sam., III, 1890, p. 185.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 639
*+4nodon chiniana HEuDE, C.F. Nank., VI, 1880, pl. xLv, fig. 88.
* Anodonta chiniana P&TEL, C. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 177.
* Anodonta scaphydium HEUDE, C. F. Nank., VI, 1880, pl. xXLv1, fig. 89.
* Anodonta scaphidium PXTEL, C.Sam., III, 1890, p. 184.
*+4dnodon puerorum HEUDE, C. F. Nank., VII, 1880, pl. xLvu, fig. 90.
*dnodonta puerorum PXTEL, C. Sam., III, 1890, p. 183.
* Anodon indecora HEupDF, C. F. Nank., VI, 1880, pl. XLvill, fig. 91.
* Anodonta indecora PXTEL, C. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 180.
*Anodon sorini HEUDE, C. F. Nank., VII, 1881, pl. xix, fig. 92.
* Anodonta sorint PHTEL, C. Sam., III, 1890, p 185.
*Anodon rosea HEUDE, C. F. Nank., VII, 1881, pl. 1, fig. 93.
* 4nodonta rosea PETEL, C. Sam., III, 1890, p. 124.
* Anodon aubreyi HEUDE, C. F. Nank., VII, 1881, pl. Lu, fig. 97.
* Anodonta aubreyt PATEL, C. Sam.. ILI, 1890, p. 176.
* 4{nodon confusa HEUDE, C. F. Nank., VII, 1881, pl. Liu, fig. 99.
* Anodonta confusa P&TEL, C. Sam., III, 1890, p. 178.
*Anodon obtusata HEUDE, C. F. Nank., VII, 1881, pl. trv, fig. 100.
*Anodon rubella HEUDR, C.F. Nank., VII, 1881, pl. Liv, fig. 160 bis.
*Andonta rubella PHTEL, C. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 184.
*Anodon pulchella HEUDE, C. F. Nank., VII, 1881, pl. Lv, fig. 101.
* Anodonta pulchella P& TEL, C. Sam., III. 1890, p. 183.
*+Anodon florida HEUDE, C.F. Nank., VII, 1881, pl. Lv, fig. 102.
* Anodonta florida PHTEL, C. Sam., II, 1890, p. 179.
* Anodonta retusa HEUD*,! J. de Conch., XXXII, 1884, p. 20.—PaTKEL, Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 184.
* dnodon intermerata HEUDE, C. F. Nank., IX, 1885, pl. Lx vil, fig. 130.
* Anodonta intermerata Pa TEL, C. Sam., III, 1890, p. 180.
*Anodon filippiana HEUDE, C. F. Nank., IX, 1885, p]. Lx vu, fig. 131.
* Anodonta filippiana P&TEL, C. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 183.
* Anodon fantozatiana HEUDE, C. F. Nank , IX, pl. LxIx, fig. 132.
* Anodonta fantozatiana PATEL, C. Sam., III, 1890, p. 179.
China; Cambodia; Siam; Amoor River?
+ ANODONTA FENOUILII Heude.
*Anodon fenouiliti HEUDE, C. F. Nank., IV, 1878, pl. x x x1, fig. 64.
China.
ANODONTA JOURDYI Morlet.
* Anodonta jourdyi MORLET, Jl. de Conch., XXXIV, 1886, pp. 76, 288, pl. xv, figs. 1,
la.—* P&TEL, C. Sam., III, 1890, p. 180.
Tonkin.
+ ANODONTA LAUTA von Martens.
* Anodonta lauta VON MARTENS, S. B. Nat. Fr., 1877, p. 117; Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges.,
X, 1877, p. 152, fig. 1.—* KoBELT, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XI, 1879, p. 434, pl.
xxI, fig. 1; xxuJ, fig. 1 (var. rostrata).—* PmTEL, C. Sam., III, 1890, p. 191.—
* VON JHERING, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., X VIII, 1893, p. 150.
*Anodonta woodiana KOBELT,? Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XI, 1879, p. 433, pl. xx, fig.
1.—von IHERING, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., X VIII, 1893, p. 151.
Japan.
! New name for 4. obtusa preoccupied.
2 This differs from 4. woodiana of Lea, which I think has not been found in Japan.
I think this is a form of lauta.
640 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL
t ANODONTA JAPONICA von Martens.
* Anodonta japonica VON MARTENS in Clessin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 144, pl.
XLVU, figs. 3,4.—*KOBELT, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XI, 1879, p. 436, pl. xx11,
fig. 3.—* Pre, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 180.—* von IHERING, Abh. Senck.
Nat. Ges., XVIII, 1893, p. 150, fig. 2.
* Anodonta cellensis KOBELT, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XI, 1879, p. 437, pl. xxu,
fig. 4.
* Anodonta kobelti VON IHERING, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., X VIII, 1893, p. 152, fig. 1.
* Anondonta haconensis VON IHERING, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XVIII, 1893, p. 161,
fig. 3.
Japan.
ANODONTA LUCIDA Heude.
*Anodon lucida Heup#, C.F. Nank., III, 1877, pl. xx, fig. 43.
China.
+ ANODONTA RIVULARIS Heude.
*Anodon rivularis HEuDE, C.F. Nank., III, 1877, pl. xx, fig. 44.
* Anodonta rivularis PHTEL, C.Sam., III, 1890, p. 184.
China.
+t ANODONTA HARLANDI Baird and Adams.
* Anodonta harlandi BAIRD and ADAMS, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 492, pl. XXvVI,
figs. 3, 3a.—* P#TEL, C.Sam., III, 1890, p. 180.
*dAnodon harlandi HEUDE, C.F. Nank., IV, 1878, pl. xxv, fig. 55.
China.
ANODONTA GLOBOSULA Heude.
*Anodon globosula HEUDE, C.F. Nank., IV, 1878, pl. xxv, fig. 54.
China.
t ANODONTA EUSCAPHYS Heude.
*Anodon euscaphys HEUDE, C. F. Nank., V, 1879, pl. xxxv, fig. 68.
* Anodonta euscaphys HEUDE, C. Sam., III, 1890, p. 179.
China.
ANODONTA FLUMINEA Heude.
*Anodon fluminea HEUDE, C. F. Nank., III, 1877, pl. xx, fig 42.
* Anodon torrentis HKuDE, C. F. Nank., IV, 1878, pl. xxx, fig. 61.
* Anodonta fluminea PHTEL, C. Sam., III, 1890, p. 179.
China.
ANODONTA PUMILA Heude.
*Anodon pumila HEUDE, C. F. Nank., V, 1879, pl. xxxvul, fig. 72.
*Anodonta pumila P&TEL, C. Sam., III, 1890, p. 183.
China.
ANODONTA DOLIOLUM Heude.
* Anodon doliolum HEUDE, C. F. Nank. IV, 1878., pl. xxvu, fig. 57.
China.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 641
ANODONTA CALIPYGOS Kobelt.
*Anodonta calipygos KOBELT, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XI, 1879, p. 435, pl. x1x, fig.
1.—* P&TEL, C. Sam., III, 1890, p. 177.—* von IWERING, Abh. Senck. Nat.
Ges., XVIII, 1893, p. 150.
Japan.
ANODONTA UNDULIFERA Clessin.
“Anodonta undulifera CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 233, pl. LXXVI, figs. 1, 2.
China.
(Group of Anodonta arceformis.)
Shell elliptical, with the dorsal and ventral lines parallel, greatly
inflated, rounded in front, pointed and having a slight dorsal wing
behind; umbonal region full, but the beaks flattened; the sculpture,
consisting of numerous ridges, curved in front and nearly following the
growth lines, then running backward in an almost straight line and
ending at the low posterior ridge.
Animal unknown.
tANODONTA ARCZZFORMIS Heude.
*Anodon arceformis HEUDE, C.F. Nank., III, 1877, pl. x1x, fig. 40.
“Anodonta arceformis PATEL, C. Sam., III, 1890, p. 176.
China.
(Group of Anodonta grandis.)
Shell oval, inflated, with a slight post-dorsal wing; umbonal region
inflated; beak sculpture consisting of several coarse, irregular, often
broken ridges, which are more or less doubly looped and generally
nodulous, especially at the bases of the loops; epidermis usually rather
smooth.
Animal with large gills, inner the larger, especially in front, free
nearly or quite the entire length of the abdominal sac; palpi large and
long; mantle much thickened at the border.
+ANODONTA GRANDIS Say.!
Anodonta grandis Say, N. Harm. Diss., II, 1829, p. 341.—* Conrap, New F. W.
Shells, 1834, p. 73.—* FERussAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25.—* L. W. Say, Terr.
and Fluv. Shells, 1840, p. 12.—* HANLEy, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 220; * Biv.
Shells, 1843, p. 220.—* Conrap, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264.—* H.
and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502.—* CLEss1n, Conch. Cab. Ano.,
1873, p. 96, pl. xxx, figs. 1,2 —* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* Part,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 180.—* Bakr, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 51,
pls. 1, 11, fig. 1; Iv, fig. 1.
1A species having a very wide distribution and abundant in individuals. It is an
exceedingly variable form, and a large number of names have been bestowed on its
mutations, all of which seem to be closely connected. I have retained some of these
in a varietal sense.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii——41
642 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX.
* Margarita (Anodonta) grandis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 52; 1838, p. 31.
*Anodon grandis CaTLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67.—* SowERBy,
Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. 1, fig. 1.
*Margaron (Anodonta) grandis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 51; 1870, p. 81.
*t Anodonta ovata LeA,! Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 2, pl. 11, fig. 2; Obs., II,
1838, p. 2, pl. 11, fig. 2.—* TRoscHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., V, 1839; Pt. 2, p. 238.—
*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 219.—* Conrap, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1853,
p. 264.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.—* CaLkrns, Pr.
Ottawa Ac., 1874, p. 47.—* CLEssIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 121, pl. xxx1x,
figs. 2, 3.—* PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 182. _
* Margarita (Anodonta) ovata LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 52; 1838, p. 30.
* Anodon ovata CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67.
*Margaron (Anodonta) ovata LEA, Syn., 1852, p.50; 1870, p. 80.
*t Margarita (anodonta) salmonia LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 51; 1838, p. 30.2
*t Anodonta salmonia LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 45, pl. x1v, fig. 41; * Obs.,
II, 1838, p. 45, pl. x1v, fig. 41.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p.
238.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 218.—* Conrap, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila , VI,
1853, p. 264.—* H. and A. ADAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.—* B. H.
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 184.
*Anodon salmonia CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.68.—* SOWERBY,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pl. x1x, fig. 44.
*Margaron (Anodonta) salmonia LEA, Syn., 1852, p.50; 1870, p. 80.
*t Anodonta lewisit LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p. 84; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1860, p. 362, pl. LxM, fig. 187.— * Obs., VIII, p. 44, pl. xu, fig. 187.—* CLEs-
sin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 143, pl. xirx, figs. 5, 6.—* Larcurorp, Tr.
Ottawa F.N. Club, 1882, p.56.—* B. H. Wrieurt, Check List, 1888.—* Part,
Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 181.
*Anodon lewisii SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxxv, fig. 142.
*Margaron (Anodonta) lewisit LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 80.
+ANODONTA GRANDIS var. FOOTIANA Lea.
* Anodonta footiana Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 289; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.,
VIII, 1842, p. 225, pl. xx, fig. 44; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 63, pl. xx, fig. 44.—
* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen.
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.503.—* CLEss1n, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 227, pl. LXV
fig. 5; Lxxiv, fig. 3.—* Larcurorp, Tr. Ottawa F. N. Club, 1882, p. 56 —
*B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* P@ TEL, Conch. Sam.. III, 1890, p. 179.—
* BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 54, pl. m1, figs. 2-4; v, fig. 2; vil, tig. 5.
*Margaron (Anodonta) footiana LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 49; 1870, p. 78.
* Anodon footiana SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. xiv, fig. 48.
*t Anodonta marryattana LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 289; * Tr. Am. Phil.
Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 226, pl. xx, fig. 45; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 64, pl. xx, fig. 45.—
*CONnRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen
Rec. Moll., IJ., 1857, p. 503.—* CLEssin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 72, )!.
XXVI, figs. 3, 4.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Parry, Conch. Sam.,
Iil, 1890, p. 181.
* Margaron (Anodonta) marryattana LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 51; 1870, p. 82.
* Anodon marryattanus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxviii, fig. 111.
* Anodonta suleata KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 62, pl. xvi, fig. 1.
1T have seen Say’s type of 4. grandis, and it appears to be identical with Lea’s
ovata.
2This is an ovata which had become diseased internally, probably from the work
of a Trematod, so that the nacre became roughened or blistered, and generally sal-
mon colored. S
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON, 643
* Anodonta nilssonit KUSTER, part, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 61, pl. xX vit, figs. 3, 4.
* Anodon imbricata ANTHONY, Am. J]. Conch., I, 1865, p. 159, pl. x1v, fig. 1.
* Anodonta imbricata B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., IIT,
1890, p. 180.
* Anodon subinflata ANTHONY, Am. Ji. Conch., I, 1865, p. 160, pl. xv, fig. 1.
* Anodonta subinflata B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Pare., Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 185.
* ? Anodon edentulus SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. xvi, fig. 60.
* Anodonta houghtonensis CURRIER, Shell-bearing Moll. Mich., 1881, p. 14, pl. 1,
fig. 2,—* B. H. WricutT, Check List, 1888.
+ANODONTA GRANDIS var. LEONENSIS Lea.
* Anodonta leonensis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1862, p. 169; *JI. Ac. N. Sei.
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 25, pl. 1x, fig. 24; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 29, pl. 1x, fig. 24.—
*CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 131, pl. x11, figs. 3, 4.—* B. H. Wrieut,
Check List, 1888.—* Pa&TeL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 181.
* Margaron (Anodonta) leonensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 78.
+ANODONTA GRANDIS var. GIGANTEA Lea.!
* Anodonta gigantea LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 1834, p.1, pl. 1, fig. 1; * Obs., IT, 1838, p.
1, pl. 1, fig. 1.—* TRoscHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 238.—* HaNLEy,
Test. Moll., 1842, p. 219.—* CarLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67.—
* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p.6, pl.1, figs. 1, 2.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll., IT, 1857, p. 502.—
~B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PasTeL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 179.
* Margarita (Anodonta) gigantea LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 52; 1838, p. 31.
* Margaron (Anodonta) gigantea LEA, Syn., 1852, p.50; 1870, p. 81.
* Anodon gigantea SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. vi, fig. 18.
* Anodon giganteus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxxvuy, fig. 152.
“+t Anodonta plana? Lra, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 48, pl. vil, fig. 18; Obs.,
I, p. 160, pl. vu, fig. 18.—* FERussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25.—* HANLEY,
. Test. Moll., 1842, p. 219.—* H. and A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.
503.—* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 142, pl. xvi, figs. 1, 2.—* B. H.
WriGut, Check List, 1888.—* PTEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 183.
* Margarita (Anodonta) plana LEA, Syn., 1836, p.52; 1838, p. 30.
* Anodon plana Dr Kay, Zool. of N.Y., Pt. 5, 1843, p. 201, pl. xvui, fig. 232.—* Cat-
Low and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67.—* SowERBY, Conch, Icon., XVII,
1869, pl. xxIv, fig. 94.
* Margaron (Anodonta) plana LEA, Syn., 1852, p.50; 1870, p. 80.
* Anodonta declivis CONRAD, Am. J]. Sci., XXV, 1854, p. 341, pl.1, fig. 11; New F.
W. Shells, 1834, p.73.—* FERusSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25.—M6LLER, Syn.,
Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 194.—* ConrapD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263.
*+ Margarita (Anodonta) decora LEA, SYN., 1836, p. 52; 1838, p. 30.
* Anodonta decora LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 64, pl. xx, fig. 63; * Obs., IT,
1838, p. 64, pl. xx, fig. 63.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 238.—
* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 219.—* ConrAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853,
p. 263.—* H. and A. AnAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.502.—*CLzssin, Conch.
Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 71, pl. x vil, figs. 1, 2.—* B. H. WrIautT, Check List, 1888.—
*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 178.
1A variety of grandis. The type is a large, heavy form, with a considerably
developed posterior ridge, the shell somewhat truncated above and behind the ridge.
I have frequently seen such shells which are evidently pathologic.
? This name is written palna in above citation; a typographical error, no doubt.
644 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL.
* Anodon decora CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 66.—* Sowerby,
Conch. Icon., X VII, 1869, pl. xx1, fig. 83.
* Margaron (Anodonta) decora La, Syn., 1852, p.50; 1870, p. 81.
*tAnondonta harpethensis Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 289; Tr. Am. Phil.
Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 224, pl. xx, fig. 42; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 62, pl. x1x, fig. 42.—
* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264.—* H. and A. ADAmMs, Gen. Ree.
Moll., II, 1857, p. 502.—* CLessin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 217, pl. LXx11,
figs. 1, 2.—* B. H. Wriacut, Check List, 1888:—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 180.
*Margaron (Anadonta) harpethensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p.50; 1870, p. 81.
* Anodon harpethensis SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1869, pl. xx1, fig. 82.
*Anodon subangulata ANTHONY, Am. Jl. Conch., I, 1865, p. 158, pl. x111, fig. 1.
* Anodonta subangulata, B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa: rE, Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 185.
* Anodonta opalina KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 60, pl. x v1, figs. 1, 2.
*Anodon opalina ANTHONY, Am. Jl. Conch., I, 1865, p. 159, pl. xiv, fig. 2.—~ B. H.
WriGcurt, Check List, 1888.—* PareL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 182.:
*Anadon menieliti ANTHONY, Am. J1. Conch., II, 1866, p. 144, pl. v1, fig. 1.
*Anodon subgibbosa ANTHONY Am. Jl. Conch., II, 1866, p. 144, pl. v1, fig. 2.
* Anodonta subgibbosa B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—PaTEL, Conch. Sam., ITI,
1890, p. 185.
* dnodon subgibbosus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VIII, 1870, pi. xxvit, fig. 107.
*Margaron (Anodonta) subglobosa Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 81.”
*Anodon inornata ANTHONY, Am. Jl. Conch., II, 1866, p. 145, pl. vu, fig. 1.
* Anodonta ovata SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1868, pl. xxu, fig. 85.
+ANODONTA GRANDIS var. BENEDICTENSIS Lea.
*Symphynota benedictensis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V., 1834, p. 104, pl. xvi, fig. 48;
* Obs., I, 1834, p. 216, pl. xvi, fig. 48.
* Anodonta benedictensis FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25.—* HANLEY, Test.
Moll., I, 1842, p. 216.—* C. B. ADAMs, Thompson’s Hist. Vt., 1842, p. 164; F. W.
and L. S. of Vt., p. 14.—* DE Kay, Zool. N. Y., Pt. 5, 1843, p. 204, pl. x vim, fig.
235.—* HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 216.—* Stimpson, Shells of N. Eng., 1851,
p. 15.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263.—* H. and A. ADAms,
Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.—* CLEessin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 163,
pl. Liv, figs. 1, 2.—* PasTeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 177.
* Margarita (Anodonta) benedictensis Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 28; 1838, p. 29.
* Anodon benedictensis CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 66.—* Sow-
ERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxv, fig. 99.
* Margaron (Anodonta) benedictensis Lra, Syn., 1852, p. 47.
* Margaron (Anodonta) benedictii Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 75.
* Anodonta benedictii LATCHFORD, Tr. Ottawa F. N. Cl., 1882, p. 55.—~ B. H.
WriGut, Check List, 1888.
Anodonta cultrata GOULD, in letter.
Entire Mississippi system; Upper St. Lawrence drainage; Red River
ofthe North; Lake Winnipeg; Manitoba; southwest to Texas; south-
east Pennsylvania? ? )
t ANODONTA BEALEI Lea.
* Anodonta bealet Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 194; * J]. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 26, pl. rx, fig. 25; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 30, pl. 1x, fig. 25.—
1 Kuster and Anthony appear to have applied the same name independently to this
species.
2As of Anthony.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAITADES—SIMPSON. 645
* CLEssIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 132, pl. XLIV, figs. 5, 6.—* B. H. Wrignt,
_ Check List, 1888.—* P2zTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 176.
*Margaron (Anodonta) bealei LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 81.
Texas to Kansas.
+ANODONTA TEXASENSIS Lea.!
* Anodonta texasensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 113; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 366, pl. Lx11, fig. 191; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 48, pl. Lxin,
fig. 191.—* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 109, pl. Xxx1II, figs. 7, 8.—
*B. H. WriGcut, Check List, 1888.—* P# TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 185.
* Anodon texasensis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1870, pl. xxxv1, fig. 146.
* Margaron (Anodonta) texasensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 81.
Texas.
tANODONTA DANIELSII Lea.
* Anodonta danielsii Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 139; * Jl. Ac, N. Sci.
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 365, pl. Lx1u11, fig. 190; * Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 47, pl. LXxin,
fig. 190.—* CLEssIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 108, pl. xxxu1I, figs. 1, 2.—
*B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* PTE, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 178.
* Margaron (Anodonta) danielsiit LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 78.
* Anodonta danielsii SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1870, pl. xxxvI, fig. 148.
* Margaritana danielsii PasrEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 173.
Kansas; Indian Territory.
t ANODONTA OPACA Lea.
* Anodonta opaca LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 285, pl. xxv, fig. 46; * Obs.,
V, 1852, p. 41, pl. xxv, fig. 46.—* Conrap, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p.
264.—* H.and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.—* CLEssin, Conch.
Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 209, pl. LXIV, figs. 1, 2" B. H. Wricut, Check ES, 1888.
* Margaron Cia, opaca LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 50; 1870, p. 80.
Louisiana; Mississippi; north to Kansas.
+t ANODONTA STEWARTIANA Lea.
* Anodonta stewartiana LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 47, pl. vi, fig. 17; Obs.,
I, 1834, p. 159, pl. vi, fig. 17.—* FERussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25.—* HAN-
LEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 220; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 220.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N.
Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.
503.—* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, pl. xLVuI, figs. 3, 4.—* B. H. WRIGHT,
Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 185.
* Margarita (Anodonta) stewartiana LEA, Syn., 1836, p.52; 1838, p. 31.
* Anodon stewartiana CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 68.
* Anodon stewartianus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xx x11, fig. 133.
* Margaron (Anodonta) stewartiana LEA, Syn., 1852, p.51; 1870, p. 81.
*t Anodonta virens Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 290, pl. xvuII, fig.53; *Obs.,
V, 1852, p. 46, pl. xxvill, fig. 53.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853,
p. 267.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., IT, 1857, p. 503.—* B. H. WriGutT,
Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Anodonta) virens LEA, Syn., 1852, p.51; 1870, p. 81.
*Anodon virens SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxx1v, fig. 138.
Arkansas; Louisiana; Texas.
1A very young, broken shell, greatly inflated in the post basal region, is all that
Lea has in his collection. It may be a distinct species, or a mere variety of grandis.
646 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
t ANODONTA CORPULENTA Cooper.
* Anodonta corpulenta COOPER, App. to Narrative, Exp. Miss. to It. L., 1854, p.
154.—* MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 193.—* COOPER, Second App. School.
Expl. Exp., 1855, p.516.—* CaLkins, Pr. Ottawa Ac. Sci., 1874, p.47.—* B. H.
WriaGut, Check List, 1888.
* Anodon corpulenta SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xx xu, fig. 129.
*Margaron (Anodonta) corpulenta Lua, Syn., 1870, p. 81.
Missouri River; Upper Mississippi River drainage; east to Indiana;
Tyler, Texas.?. Appears to be replaced in the South by A. stewartiana.
t ANODONTA LINNEANA Lea.
*Anodonta linneana Lira, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 1852, p. 289, pl. xxvii, fig. 51;
*Obs., V, 1852, p. 45, pl. LXX VII, fig. 51.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI,
1853, p. 264.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502.—* CLEssin,
Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 117, pl. xxxv1, figs. 5, 6.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check
List, 1888.—* Parr, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 181.
*Margaron (Anodonta) linneana LEA, Syn., 1852, p.51; 1870, p. 81.
*Anodon linneanus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxxv, fig. 144.
Louisiana; Texas.
+t ANODONTA GLOBOSA Lea.
* Margarita (Anodonta) globosa LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 52.
* Anodonta globosa Lva, Pr. Am. Phil. Soe., II, 1841, p. 31; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soe.,
VIII, 1842, p. 241, pl. xxiv, fig.56; *Obs., ITT, 1842, p. 79, pl. xx1v, fig. 56.—-* H.
and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502.—* CLessin, Conch. Cab. Ano.,
1875, p. 213, pl. LXV, figs. 3,4.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* P&TEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 180.—* FiscHErR and CROssE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, I,
1894, p. 529, pl. Lx vu, figs. 1, la.
*Anodon globosa CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67.—* SOWERBY,
Conch. Icon., X VII, 1870, pl. Xxxv, fig. 141.
*Margaron (Anodonta) globosa LEA, Syn., 1852, p.51; 1870, p. 81.
*+dnodon nopalatensis SOWERBY,! Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. xvi, fig. 58.—
* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 223, pl. Lx x10, fig. 3.—* B. H. WRIGHT,
Check List, 1888.—* PaTeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 182.—* FISCHER and
CrossF, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 531.
*Margaron (Anodonta) nopalatensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 81.
Mexico.
ANODONTA TABASCOENSIS Morelet.
* Anodonta tabascoensis MORELET, Jl. de Conch., XXXII, 1884, p. 124.—* Pa&TEL,
Conch: Sam., III, 1890, p. 185.—* FiscHER and Crossk, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II,
1894, p. 530, pl. LXII, fig. 1.
Tabasco, Mexico.
'Lea’s globosa is a young shell. Sowerby’s nopalatensis is the adult. There is a
magnificent specimen in the collection of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sci-
ences, 7+ inches long and 53} inches high.
No. 1208. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 647
ANODONTA MICANS Anthony.
* Anodonta micans ANTHONY, Am. JI. Conch., I, 1865, p. 162, pl. x v1, fig. 1.—* B. H.
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Anodonta) micans LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 78.
Said to come from Texas. Ido not know it, nor where it groups,
though it seems something like A. kennicottit.
ANODONTA LURULENTA Morelet.
* Anodonta lurulenta MORELET, Test. Nov. Pt. 1, 1829, p. 28.—* FISCHER and CROSSE,
Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, I, 1894, p. 525, pl. Lx1v, figs. 6, 6a.
Guatemala; Yucatan.
tANODONTA KENNICOTTII Lea.
“Anodonta kennicottit LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 56; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., V, 1862, p. 214, pl. xxxuu1, fig. 283; * Obs., [X, 1863, p. <6, pl. XXXII,
fig. 283.—* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 153, pl. XLIXx, figs. 3, 4.—* B. H.
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Anodonta) kennicottii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 78.
*t Anodonta simpsoniana Lma, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p.56; *J1. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., V, 1862, p. 212, pl. xxx1I, fig. 281; *Obs., IX, 1863, p. 34, pl. xx x11, fig.
281.—*CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 119, pl. Xxxvu, figs. 5, 6.—* B. H.
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 184.
*Margaron (Anodonta) simpsoniana LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 78.
*Anodon simpsonianus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1870, pl. xx xvil, fig. 153. ©
*t Anodonta dallasiana LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 190; *J1l. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 29, pl. x1, fig. 28; *Obs., XI, 1863, p.33, pl. x1, fig. 28.—
*CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 107, pl. xx x11, figs. 3, 4.—* B. H.WrIGuT,
Check List, 1888.—* P#® TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 178. ;
*Margaron (Anodonta) dallasiana LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 78.
Upper and middle St. Lawrence River system; northwest into the
Mackenzie drainage.
tANODONTA PEPINIANA Lea.
*4nodonta pepinianus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 96, pl. xv1, fig. 51.—
* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., V, 1839, II, p. 239.
* Anodon pepinianus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1870, pl. xxxv1, fig. 150.
* Anodonta pepiniana LEA, Obs., II, 1838, p.96, pl. x v1, fig. 51.—HANLEY, Test. Moll.,
1842, p. 220; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 220.—*ConrabD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853,
p. 264.—* H. and A. ADAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., I, 1857, p. 503.—*CLEssIN, Conch.
Cab. Ano., 1874,p. 158, pl. Lim, figs. 1,2.—* B. H. Wrient, Check List, 1888.—
* PEHTEL, Conch.Sam., III, 1890, p. 183.
“Margarita (Anodonta) pepiniana LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 30.
*Margaron (Anodonta) pepiniana LEA, Syn., 1872, p.49; 1850, p. 78.!
Upper and middle St. Lawrence drainage; Lake Winnipeg.
' Although this resembles to some extent the so-called Anodonta modesta, and is
sometimes slightly incurved in front of the beaks, the beak sculpture is that of the
A. grandis group, and quite different from that of A. modesta.
648 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
ANODONTA LUGUBRIS Say.
Anodonta lugubris Say, N. Harm. Diss. II, 1829, p. 340.!
The following are indeterminate and spurious Anodontas:
*Anodon anatinus SowERBY, Rich. Faun. Borealé Am., III, 1836, p. 316.
Saskatchewan River; probably A. implicata.
* Anodonta apollonica BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Aceph. Eur., 1881, p. 91.
Asia Minor.
* Anodonta aureus P®TEL, C.Sam., III, 1890, p. 176.
China.
* Anodonta brandti DROUET, Jl. de Conch., 1888, p. 108.
* Anodonta callifera VON MARTENS, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 15.
* Anodonta chantrei BOURGUIGNAT, J. de Conch., 1883, p. 187.
* Anodonta chinensis PTEL, C. Sam., III, 1890, p. 177.
* dnodon cochlearis SOWERBY, C. Icon., X VII, 1870, pl. xxxiH1, fig. 185. Probably a
glabaris.
* Anodonta cornea PHILIPPI, Menke’s Zeits., 1848, p. 130.
* Anodonta curvatus JAY, Cat., 1850, p. 27.
Anodon dalei LESSON, Oeuvres Buffon, I, p. 155, pl. 111, fig. 1.?
* Anodonta dignota RAFINESQUE, Cont. Mon., 1831, p. 6.
* Anodonta fragilis FITZINGER, Syst. Verz., 1833, p. 120. _
*Anodonta gallandi BOURGUIGNAT, Mat. Aceph. Eur., 1881, p. 95.
* Anodonta hockingensis Cau, Am. Nat., 1880, p.529, Moore, manuscript. Accord-
ing to Call, it is 4. grandis Say.
* Anodonta inflata RAFINESQUE, Cont. Monog., 1831, p. 6.
* Anodonta laminata ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Philom., VI, 1882, p. 40.
* Anodonta martenst CLESSIN, C. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 181, pl. Lx101, fig. 2.
* Anodonta ohioensis RAFINESQUE, An. Gen. Sci, Brux., V, 1820, p. 316.
Anodonta ovata STARK, Elements Nat. Hist., II, 1822, p. 90.
*Anodon pictus SWAINSON, Ex. Conch., 2d ed., 1841, p. 39.
* Anodonta polymorpha LEA, Syn., 1870, p.84. Credited to Kuster. Where?
* Anodonta pseudodontopsis BOURGUIGNAT, Jl. de Conch., 1883, p. 187.
* Anodontites radiata VALENCIENNES, Enc. Meth., 1824, p. 147, pl. cc1il, fig. 4=
Modiolaria nigra.
* Anodonta recurvirostra LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 84; Kuster. (?).
* Anodonta rugifera DUNKER, Mal. B1., 1858, p. 225. Probably a Spatha.
* Anodonta schlaflii Mousson, J. de Conch., 1874, p. 51.
* Anodonta sedakowi SIECMASCHKO, Bull. de Ac. Petersb., 1849, p. 225.
* Anodonta somersi CALL, Am. Nat., 1880, p. 529, credited to Moore, manuscript,
A. grandis fide Call. .
* Anodonta subrostrata PHILipPi, Mal. BI., 1869, p. 39.
* Anodonta subsinuata PHiLipPi, Mal. B1., 1869, p. 41. A glabaris probably.
* Anodonta sulcosa H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Mol1., II, 1857, p.503. Said to be of
Conrad. Where?
* Anodon triangularis SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. xv, fig. 56.
*Anodonta trigona HELD, Isis., 1836, p. 280, 4. cygnea probably. The name was
used by Spix in 1827.
1T do not know what this is. It is said to come from the Cumberland River, and
is very likely one of the forms of A. grandis. I have omitted the synonymy.
ae OS ee)
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIA DES—SIMPSON. 649
* Anodonta truncata KUSTER, Faun. Dalm., 1866, p. 131.
* Anodonta tunizana MORELET, J. de Conch., 1864, p. 156,
_ * Anodonta viridis H.and A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503, asof Lea. Lea
did not describe it.
Genus COLLETOPTERUM Bourguignat, 1881.
(Type, Anodonta letourneuxit Bourguignat. )
Colletopterum BoURGUIGNAT, Lettres Malacologiques, 1881, p. 45.
Shell inflated, thin, winged in front and behind, hinge arched, very
short, without teeth, but with a feeble lateral lamella shown in pro-
nounced relief; ligament internal.
Animal unknown.
COLLETOPTERUM LETOURNEUXI Bourguignat.
Anodonta letourneuxi BOURGUIGNAT, Annales Mal., I, 1870, p. 76.
* Anodonta (Colletopterum) letourneuxt WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, 1890, Pt. 7,
p. 310.
Colletopterum letourneuxt BOURGUIGNAT, Lett. Mal., 1882, p. 46; * Bull. Soc. Mal.
Fr., VII, 1890, pl. v1, figs. 1, 2.
-Servia, at Belgrade.
COLLETOPTERUM PRACLARUM Bourguignat.
Anodonta preclara BOURGUIGNAT, Ann. Mal., I, 1870, p. 78.
* Anodonta (Colletopterum) preclara, WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, 1890, Pt.7, p.310.
Colletopterum praclarum BOURGUIGNAT, Lett. Mal., 1882, p. 46.
Bulgaria, at Rutschuk.
COLLETOPTERUM EXIMIUM Bourguignat.
Anodonta eximia BOURGUIGNAT, Ann. Mal., I, 1870, p. 80.
* Anodonta (Colletopterum) eximia WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, 1890, Pt.7 p. 310.
Wallachia at Giurgevo.
COLLETOPTERUM TANOUSI Bourguignat.
Anodonta tanousi BOURGUIGNAT, Ann. Mal., I, 1870.
* Anodonta (Colletopterum) tanoust WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, 1890, Pt. 7, p. 311.
Servia at Belgrade.'
Genus GABILLOTIA Servain, 1890.
(Type, Anodonta pseudodopsis Locard.)
Gabillotia SERVAIN, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., VII, 1890, p. 296.
Shell large, subsolid, subcompressed, more or less rhomboid gaping
behind; beaks low, with fine, broken, concentric sculpture; epidermis
-1T am wholly unacquainted with this genus. All the species are from the Danube,
and if the characters are accurately given it may possibly be a valid genus, though
Westerlund gives it subgeneric rank under Anodonta. It is more than likely, how-
ever, that all the so-called species are merely specimens of the well-known Anodonta
cygnea, having a dorsal wing which conceals the ligament, and something which
may be vestiges of lateral teeth. Such examples occur among Anodontas in other
parts of the world.
650 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX.
shining; teeth rudimentary, one in each valve, sometimes rather sharp
pointed and flattened; hinge with occasional vestiges of laterals; epi-
dermal matter mingled with the nacre on the hinge; nacre brilliant,
often finely radially ridged, especially at the palleal line.
Animal unknown.
GABILLOTIA PSEUDODOPSIS Locard. 3
* 4nodonta pseudodopsis LOCARD, Mal. d’laes Tib., 1883, p. 61, pl. x1xbis., figs.
1-3. z
*Gabillotia pseudodopsis, SERVAIN, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., VII, 1890, p. 296, fig.
Syria.
GABILLOTIA LOCARDI Servain.
*Gabillotia locardi SERVAIN, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., VIT, 1890, p. 296, pl. v, figs. 1, 2.
Asia Minor. a
GABILLOTIA OPPERTI Bourguignat. }
* Unio opperti Bourguignat, Rev. et Mag., VIII, 1856, p.71, pls. vil, fig. 6; 1X, fig. 1.
*Pseudodon opperti WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 182.
*Margaritana opperti Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 173.
*Margaritana euphratica KOBELT, Icon., new ed., II, 1886, p. 26, pl. XLv, fig. 266.
Kuphrates River.
+GABILLIOTIA EUPHRATICA Bourguignat.
* Unio euphraticus BOURGUIGNAT, Test. Nov., 1852, p. 28; * Cat. Rais., 1853, p. 75,
pl. 1v, figs. 1-3; * Rev. et Mag., VIII, 1856, p. 72.
* Pseudodon euphratica CONRAD, Am, JI. Conch., I, 1865, p. 233.
Margaritana euphratica VON MARTENS, Vorderas Conch., 1874, p.*—KoBE.7,
Icon., new ed., II, 1886, p. 26, pl. xiv, fig. 266.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 173. ;
* Leguminaia euphratica WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 188.
* Unio churchillianus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xcv1, fig. 526.
| GABILLOTIA EUPHRATICA var. CHURCHILLIANUS Bourguignat.
* Unio churchillianus BOURGUIGNAT, Rey. et Mag., 1857, p. 18, pl. 11, figs. 1-4.—
*PTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148.
* Pseudodon churchillianus WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt .7, 1890, p. 183.
"+t Monocondylwa rhomboidea Lea, Pr. Ac. N.Sci., Phila., III, 1859, p. 187; *Jl. Ac.
N. Sci., Phila., IV, 1860, p. 263, pl. xu, fig. 143; * Obs., VII, 1860, p. 81, pl.
XLII, fig. 143.
* Margaron (Monocondylea) rhomboidea LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 72.
* Microcondylwa rhomboidea PasrEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 175.
* Leguminaia rhomboidea KOBELT, Icon., new ed., VI, 1893, p. 94, pl. CLXX VIM, figs.
1124, 1125.
*Unio rhomboideus SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxxIXx, fig. 480.
* Pseudodon rhomboideus WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, pl. vu, 1890, p. 183.
Asiatic Turkey.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 651
Genus LEGUMINATA Conrad, 1865.
(Type, Monocondylea mardinensis Lea. )
Leguminaia CONRAD, Am. J1. Conch., I, 1865, p. 233.
Microcondylwa VEST, Verh. Mitth. Sieben. Ver. Nat., 1866, p. 201.
Microcondylus DROUET, Jl. de Conch., 1879, p. 138.
Shell rhomboid-elliptical, slightly biangulate behind; posterior ridge
faint and double; beaks anterior, sculptured with fine, concentric ridges
which are sometimes slightly corrugated, but which show a tendency
to form two rounded loops; surface smooth or with very faint corruga-
tions on the posterior slope; epidermis rayless or nearly so; a single
tooth in each valve, that in the left under the beak, that in the right in
front of it, teeth smooth; epidermal and ligamentary matter mingled
with the nacre along the hinge; the two front anterior muscle scars
united, the hinder distinct, posterior scars faint; beak cavities shallow;
dorsal scars few, irregularly disposed.
Animal with the outer branchize adherent to the mantle throughout
their entire length; inner free from the abdominal sac. (Drouet.)
Section LEGUMINAIA Conrad, 1865.
(Type, Monocondylea mardinensis Lea.)
Shell somewhat solid, elliptical torhomboid; beaks rather full; teeth
strong, with sometimes a slight secondary tooth in the left valve, well
in front.
Group of Leguminaia mardinensis.
Characters as in the subgenus.
{| LEGUMINAIA MARDINENSIS Lea.
* Monocondylwa mardinensis Lea, Pr. Ac. N.Sci., Phila., VIII, 1864, p. 286; *J1. Ac.
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1869, p. 252, pl. xxx, fig.67; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 12, pl. xxx,
fig. 67.
*Leguminaia mardinensis CONRAD, Am. JI. Conch., I, 1865, p. 233.—* Locarp, Arch.
Mus. Lyon., III, 1883, p. 250.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt.7,1890,p.188.—
KOBELT, Icon., new ed., VI, 1893, p. 92, pl. CcLX XVII, figs. 1122, 1123.
*Margaron (Monocondylea) mardinensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 73.
* Margaritana mardinensis CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 266, pl. LX x xTII, figs.
1, 2.—* PaTrE., Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 173.
LEGUMINAIA MARDINENSIS var. CHANTREI Locard.
*Leguminaia chantret Locarp, Arch. Mus. Lyon, III, 1883, p. 252, pl. x1xbis, figs.
8-10.—* KoBELT, Icon, Ist sup., 1895, p. 23, pl. Iv, fig. 3.—* WESTERLUND,
Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 198.
*Monocondylea chantreyt Pa: TEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 174.
*Leguminaia bourguignatti Locarp, Arch. Mus. Lyon, III, 1883, p. 252, pl. xtxbis,
figs. 11-18.—WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 189.
Southern Turkey in Asia.
652 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
LEGUMINAIA TRIPOLITANA Bourguignat.!
*Unio tripolitanus BOURGUIGNAT, Test. Noy., 1852, p. 28; * Cat. Rais., 1853, p. 75,
= pl. ry, figs. 12, 12a; * Rev. et Mag., 1856, p. 72.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,
p. 155.
*Pseudodon tripolitanus CONRAD, Am. Jl. Conch.., I, 1865, p. 233.
* Margaritana tripolitana CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 265, pl. LXxxv, figs.
6, 7.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 174.
*Leguminaia tripolitana WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 190.
Tripoli, Syria.
tLEGUMINAIA WHEATLEYI Lea.
*Monocondylwa wheatleyi Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci, Phila., VI, 1862, p. 176; * JI. Ac.
N. Sci., Phila., V, 1863, p. 400, pl. 1, fig. 307; * Obs., X, 1863, p. 34, pl. L, fig. 307.
* Pseudodon wheatleyi CONRAD, Am. Jl. Conch., I, 1865, p. 233.
* Margaron ( Monocondylwa) wheatleyi Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 72.
* Microcondylwa (Margaritana) wheatleyi CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 259,
pl. Lx xx], figs. 1, 2.
*Mycrocondylea wheatleyt PasTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 175.
*Lequminaia wheatleyt Locarp, Arch. Mus. Lyon, ITI, 1883, p. 276.—WeEsTER-
LUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 189.
Southern Turkey in Asia.
LEGUMINAIA SAULCYI Bourguignat.
*Unio saulcyi BOURGUIGNAT, Test. Noviss., 1852, p.27; *Cat. Rais., 1853, p. 74, pl.
111, figs. 1-3.—* TRISTRAM, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865, p. 544.
* Pseudodon saulcyt CONRAD, Am. J]. Conch., I, 1865, p. 233.
* Margaron (Monocondylea) sauleyi Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 72.
*Micrecondylwa saulcyt CLESSIN, Conch. Cab Ano., 1876, p. 260, pl. LXxxvI1, figs.
4, 5.—* Paren, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 175.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal.,
IJ, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 190.
Syria.
LEGUMINAIA MICHONII Bourguignat.
* Unio michonit BOURGUIGNAT, Test. Nov., 1852, p. 27; * Cat. Rais., 1853, p. 74, pl.
111, figs. 10-12; Rev. et. Mag., 1856, p. 72.
* Pseudodon michoniti CONRAD, Am. J1., I, 1865, p. 233.
*Margaritana michonii PasTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 173.
*Leguminaia michonti WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 190.
Jaffa, Syria.
(Group of Leguminaia locardi.)
Shell- nearly evenly elliptical, somewhat inflated, rather thin, sub-
transparent; beaks near the center, rather full, curved forward, with
irregular undulations; epidermis bright yellowish brown; nacre bril-
liant; pseudocardinals very obtuse, rather prominent and thick.
‘Probably a mere variety of L. mardinensis.
NO. 1205, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 653
LEGUMINAIA LOCARDI Simpson.
*Pseudodon chantrei LOCARD, Arch. Mus. Lyon, III, 1883, p. 254, pl. xrxbis, figs.
4—7,!—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., IT, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 183.
Lake Antioch, Syria.
Section MICROCONDYLZEA Vest, 1866.
(Type, Anodonta uniopsis LAMARCK.?)
Shell inequilateral, elongate, subrhomboid or elliptical, compressed,
rather thin, with low beaks; teeth rudimentary, much compressed, a
single one in each valve; nacre bluish or purplish white.
Animal, as in typical Leguminaia.
+ LEGUMINAIA UNIOPSIS Lamarck.’
“Anodonta uniopsis LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 86.—* HANLEy, Test.
Moll., 1842, p. 217; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 217.—* DEsHaAyYEs, Tr. Element., II,
1853, p. 218, pl. xxx, fig. 4.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.
503.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 186.
* Margarita (Anodonta) wniopsis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 50; 1838, p. 30.
* 4Anodon uniopsis CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 68.
*Margaron (Anodonta) uniopsis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 49; 1870, p. 78.
“Unio depressa C. PFEIFFER, Nat. Deuts. Moll., 1825, Pt. 2, p. 32, pl. v111, figs. 3, 4.4
*Leguminaia depressa WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 191.
* Alasmodonta compressa MENKE, Syn., 1828, p. 106.—* Porro, Mal. Como., 1838, p.
113.—* STaBILE, Faun. Lug., 1845, p. 60, pl. 11, fig. 71.
*Unio bonelli ROSSMASSLER, Icon., II, 1835, p. 24, pl. 1x, fig. 134.5—* HANLEY, Test.
Moll, 1842, p. 212; * Biv. Shells, 1848, p. 212, pl. x x111, fig. 59.—* CaTLow and
REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 56.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl.
LXXIX, fig. 414.
*Margarita (Margaritana) bonelliti LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 45; 1838, p. 27.
*Margaritana bonellii Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 296, pl. xcrx, fig. 1.—
* KOBELT, Icon., 1884, p. 62, pl. Xxv, figs. 208, 209; xxv1, fig. 210.
*Margaron (Margaritana) bonelliit LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 435; 1870, p. 72.
*Baphia bonellii H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., IT, 1857, p. 498.
1Locard described this as a Pseudodon, and previously in the same year described
a Leguminaia chantrei, which seems to me to be a mere variety of L. mardinensis. As
both are undoubtedly Leguminaias, and as the present species was the last described,
I am compelled to change its name.
?Lamarck’s brief description of Anodonta uniopsis entirely agrees with the shell
commonly known as Microcondylwa or Monocondylewa bonelli. The statement that the
ligament passes into the hinge exactly fits this, and this is one of the best generic
characters of Leguminaia.
>The amount of variation of this species is very great. In many cases the poste-
rior end has evidently been injured by unfavorable environment, and the shell is
dwarfed and variously distorted, and sometimes a good deal thickened. Of course
every individual variation and distortion of this kind has been seized on by the New
School and elevated to specific rank. I have seen only what seemed to me a single
species of this subgenus, and nothing which really was worthy of a varietal name.
4Credited to Muhlfeld in literature.
5Credited by Rossmiissler to Ferussac, but without other reference. Lea says
Ferussac’s manuscript labels, neither of which constitutes a published description.
654 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
* Anodon bonelli SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. x1, fig. 34.
* Microcondylaea bonelli CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1861, p. 257; Moll. Osterr., 1887,
p. 719, figs. 486, 487. —* Pa Te, Conch. Sam. III, 1890, p. 175.
*Microcondylus bonelli Drover, Jl. de Conch., xxv1, 1879, p. 138; min Italie,
1885, p. 110. :
*Margaritana (Microcondylaea) bonellii KOBELT, Icon., 1884, p. 62, pl. xxv, figs.
208, 209.
*Leguminaia bonellii WESTERLUND Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 191.
South central Europe.
Genus LASTENA Rafinesque, 1820.
(Type, Lastena lata Rafinesque. )
Lastena RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. Brux., 1820, p. 316.
Odatelia RAFINESQUE, Atlantic Jl. and Friend., 1832, p. 154.
Leptodea (Rafinesque) CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1853, p. 262.
Shell elongated, subsolid, inequilatural, generally wider in front,
rounded-truncate at anterior base, pointed at post-basal region, and
having a low posterior ridge, with one or more secondary ridges above
it; beaks low, sculpture consisting of a few coarse, irregular, longi-
tudinal folds; epidermis shining, often rayed; a single imperfect tooth
occurs in each valve, and sometimes vestiges of laterals; there is one
roughened dorsal scar in the shallow beak cavity; muscle sears very
large, deep and distinct, the posterior greatly elongated; nacre pur-
plish, shading to blue at the edge; palleal line radially ridged.
Animal with very long branchiz, inner and outer about alike in size
and form, projecting free slightly behind, the inner free from the abdom-
inal sac nearly the whole length, brownish throughout; palpi long,
large; mantle thickened at edge, brown, black above; branchial opening
large, with heavy papille; anal opening large, without papillz; super-
anal opening united below; foot very large when living, club-shaped,
capable of great extension. No gravid specimens have been seen, but
the outer branchiz are probably used as a marsupium.
tLASTENA LATA Rafinesque.
“Anodonta (Lastena) lata RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Brux., V, 1820, p. 317,
pl. Lxxxul, figs. 17, 18.
* Anodonta lata FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser.,
IJI, 1845, p. 26, pl. 111, figs. 17, 18.
* Leptodea lata CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 262.
*Anodon lata SOWERBY, Conch. Icon. XVII, 1867, pl. x1x, fig. 76.
*Unio latus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70.—* Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—
* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 388, pl. LXVU, fig. 5.
Unio dehiscens Say, N. Harm. Diss., II, 1829, p. 308; *Am. Conch., III, 1830, pl.
xx1v.—* DesHayes, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 554; 3d ed., II, 1839,
p- 674.—* HanLEy, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 204; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 204, pl.
xXI, fig. 36.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III, 1845, p. 32, pl. 1x, figs. 7-9.—
*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.58.—* SOwWERBY, Conch. Icon.,
XVI, 1868, pl. LxXxv, fig. 393. .
* Margarita (Unio) dehiscens LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 35; 1838, p. 23.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 655
* Hemilastena dehiscens AGassiz, Arch. fiir Nat., I, 1852, p.50.
* Margaron (Margaritana) dehiscens LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 43; 1870, p. 69.
*Baphia dehiscens H. and A. ApAMs, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 499.
*Margaritana dehiscens CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p.274, pl. xx1v, figs.
3,4.—*B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* PasTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,
p. 173.
* Anodonta dehiscens PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 178.
*+Unio oriens Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1834, p. 73, pl. v1, fig.5; Obs., I, 1834, p.
83, pl. v1, fig. 5.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xIv, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.— KuSTER,
Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 222, pl. Lxxv, fig. 2.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI,
1868, pl. Lx111, fig. 314.
* Unio hildrethi DELESSERT, Rec. Coq. Lam., 1841, pl. xx, figs. 4a, 4b.
Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems.
Genus SOLENAIA Conrad, 1868.
(Type, Mycetopus emarginatus Lea.)
Solenaia CoNRAD, Am. Jl. Conch., IV, 1869, p. 249.
Shell greatly elongated, falcate, rather thin, narrower and rounded
in front, the upper anterior portion being strongly sulcate, gaping at
anterior base and behind, having a strong posterior ridge that ends in
a point at the post base; beaks low; sculpture of slightly double-looped
concentric ridges; epidermis rayless; hinge line narrow; teeth rudi-
mentary, being mere vestiges of one or more lamellar laterals in each —
valve; dorsal scars numerous, in a line under the hinge; anterior scars
faint; posterior elongated; palleal line with a distinct posterior sinus.
According to Fischer the foot is enormously developed for the purpose
of burrowing, asin Mycetopoda. Itis probable that the mantle is closed
behind into two siphons.
(Group of Solenaia emarginata.)
Anterior region much narrowed, drawn out in the direction of the
anterior base. marked off from the rest of the shell by a faint ridge.
+SOLENAIA EMARGINATA Lea.
*Mycetopus emarginatus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 308; *J1. Ac. N.
Sci. Phila., V, 1863, p. 398, pl. L, fig. 305; *Obs., X, 1863, p. 34, pl. 1, fig.
305.—SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. 1, fig. 6.—* FIscHER, J]. de
Conch., XXXVIII, 1890, p. 11.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 186.
* Platiris (Alycetopus) emarginatus LEA.
* Anodonta emarginatus CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 169, pl. Lv, figs. 5, 6.
* Mycetopus (Solenaia) emarginatus FiscHER, Bull. Soc. d’Autun, IV, 1891, p. 135.
Siam.
656 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXI.
+SOLENAIA FALCATA Higgins.
* Mycetopus falcatus H1GGIns, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, p. 179, pl. x1v, fig. 6.'—
SoweErRBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Iv, fig. 9.—*CLEssIN, Conch. Cab. Ano.,
1875, p. 204, pl. LXvUl, figs. 1,2.—* FIscHER, J]. de Conch., XX XVIII, 1890, p.
8.—* P £TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 186. ;
*Platiris (Mycetopus) falcatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 90.
‘Southeastern Asia. ?
(Group of Solenaia soleniformis.) -
Shell only slightly narrowed in front, the narrow area not distinctly
marked off from the rest of the shell.
+SOLENAIA SOLENIFORMIS Benson.
* Anodonta soleniformis BENSON, JI. As. Soc. Bengal, V, 1836, p. 749.
*Spatha soleniformis HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p.5, pl. 1x, fig. 1.
* Mycetopus soleniformis FiscuER, Jl. de Conch., XX XVIII, 1890, p. 94.
* Margaron (Unio) bensoni LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 57.
*Mycetopus bensonianus P&TeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 186.
Assam, India.
t SOLENAIA OLEIVORA Heude.
*Mycetopus oleivorus HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., III, 1877, pl. xx11, fig. 46;
XXIII, fig. 48.—* FiscoEr, Jl. de Conch, XXXVIII, 1890, p. 11.—* P&TEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 187.
*+Mycetopus recognitus HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., III, 1877, pl. xxu, fig. 47.—
* FIscHER, J]. de Conch., XX XVIII, 1890, p. 11.—* P& TEL, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 187.
*Mycetopus ceruleus HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., IX, 1885, pl. Lxx1, fig. 135.—
* Fiscuer, Jl. de Conch., XX XVIII, 1890, p. 11.—* Part, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 186.
* Mycetopus armatus HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., IX, 1885, pl. Lxx, fig. 133.”
*Mycetopus arcuatus FISCHER, Jl. de Conch., XXXVIII, 1890, p. 11.—P&TEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 186.
*Mycetopus viridis HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., IX, 1885, pl. Lxx1, fig. 136.—
* FISCHER, Jl. de Conch., XX XVIII, 1890, p. 11.—* Pa:TEL, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 187.
*Mycetopus succineus HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., IX, 1885, pl. Lxx, fig. 184.—
*F1scHER, Jl. de Conch., XX XVIII, 1890, p. 11.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI,
1890, p. 187.
China.
1Said to come from forest streams near Chyavetas, Upper Amazon, and to have
been discovered by Mr. Bartlett. I can not believe that it is a South American
species at all, but rather that it is from southeastern Asia, as it is an almost exact
miniature copy of S. emarginatus Lea from that region, having its texture, and not
the suft, shining appearance of the Mycetopodas. It was described with a miscella-
neous lot of shells from various localities, and that given for this is, I think,
erroneous.
2M, arcuatus Heude in explanation of plate.
NO, 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 657
tSOLENAIA IRIDINEA Heude.
* Mycetopus iridineus HEUDE, Jl. de Conch., XXII, 1874, p. 117; Conch. Fluv. Nank.,
J, 1875, pl. vu, fig. 19.—* Fiscurr, Jl.de Conch., XX XVIII, 1890, p. 11.—
* PZTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 187.
*Mycetopus similis HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., III, 1877, pl. xxu, fig. 50.—
* FISCHER, J]. de Conch., XX XVIII, 1890, p. 11.—* Pa&TEL, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 187.
China.
SOLENAIA RIVULARIS Heude.
*Mycetopus rivularis HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., III, 1877, pl. xxu, fig. 49.—
~ FISCHER, JI. de Conch., XX XVIII, 1890, p. 11.
SOLENAIA CARINATA Heude.!
*Mycetopus carinatus HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., III, 1877, pl. xx1, fig. 45.—-.
* FISCHER, J]. de Conch., XXXVIII, 1890, p. 11.—* PzTex, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 186.
China.
SOLENAIA RUGATA Sowerby.
*Mycetopus rugatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. 111, fig. 7.—* SmirH, JI.
de Conch., XXII, 1874, pl. rv, fig. 1.—* CLEssin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 295,
pl. Lxvu, fig. 4.—* P#Tex, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 187.
*Platiris (Mycetopus) rugatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 90.
Said to come from Victoria River, Austraiia. JI am a little in doubt
about the locality.
(Group of Solenaia triangularis.)
Shell short, rounded on post base; very narrow in front.
SOLENAIA TRIANGULARIS Heude.
*“Mycetopus triangularis HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., IX, 1885, pl. rxx11, fig. 138.—
* FISHER, Jl. de Conch., XXX VIII, 1890, p. 11.—* Pate, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 187.
China.
Genus GONIDEA Conrad, 1857.
(Type, Anodonta randalli Trask, and Anodonta feminalis Gould.)
Gonidea CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila., I, 1857, p. 165.
Shell elongated, subtriangular, much narrowed in front, wide behind,
inflated, subsolid, usually with a high, sharp, posterior ridge; beaks
rather sharp but not high, the sculpture consisting of a few, strong,
concentric bars; epidermis rayless; hinge with a rudimentary pseudo-
cardinal and lateral in each valve, though these are sometimes wanting;
dorsal scars forming a row within the shallow beak cavity; muscle
sears irregular; palleal line with a trace of a sinus behind; nacre lurid
to purplish.
'The type and only known shell is a fossil fragment. It may be a recent species.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii——42
658 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
Animal with the outer gills larger than the inner behind, narrower in
front, inner free from the abdominal sac, all united to the mantle nearly
to their posterior points; mantle double edged; branchial opening large,
a few irregular, large and small branched papille on it; anal openiig
large, with rudimentary papille; superanal opening closed a long way |
below; foot very large when living. No ova were found in the
branchic in numerous specimens taken at different dates and localities.
+ GONIDEA ANGULATA Lea.
* Anodonta angulata Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 97, pl. xv1, fig. 52 Lee
TI, 1838, p. 97, pl. Xvi, fig. 52. —*Troscumr, Arch. fiir Nat., V, 1839, Pt. Ze We
239.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.222; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 222, pl. XXIv,
fig. 15.—* GOULD, U.S. Dsl Exp., XII, 1852, p. 436.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. Nat.
Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263.—* H.and A. ApAms,-Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.
504.—* CHENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 146, fig. 722.—* REEVE, Elem. Conch., II, 1860,
pl. xxx1, fig. 180.—Ciussin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 159, pl. Lim, figs. 3, 4.—
*B. H. Wrient, Check List, 1888.—* PaTe., Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 176.
* Margarita (Anodonta) angulata Lea, Syn., 1838, p. 32.
Mangaron (Anodonta) angulata Lia, Syn., 1852, p. 52; 1870, p. 83.
* dnodon angulata CALTOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 66.
*Anodon angulatus SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. 111, fig. 6.
*t Anodon feminalis GOULD, ee Bost. Soc. N. Hist., III, 1850, p. 293; * Otia Camnehh, a5
1862, p. 87.
* Anodonta feminalis GouLD, U.S. Expl. Exp., XII, 1852, p. 436, figs. 547, 547a,
547b.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., I, 1857, p. 502.--* Pa rE, Conch.
Sam., I1I, 1890, p. 179.
“Anodonta randalli Trask, Pr. Cal. Ac. N. Sci., I, 1855, p. 29.—* Paw rer, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 177.
“Anodon biangulata SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. xxi, figs. 8, 8a, 8b.
* Anodonta biangulata CLEssin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 231, pl. LXxvul, fig. 8.
Central California; north to British Columbia; east to Idaho.
Genus ANODONTOIDES Simpson (in Baker) 1898.
(Type, Anodonta ferussaciana Lea.)!
Anodontopsis Stimpson (in Baker), Tr. St. Louis Ac. Sci., VIII, 1898, p. 76; not
Anodontopsis McCoy.
Anodontoides SIMPSON (in Baker), Moll. Chicago, 1898, p. 72.
Shell elliptical, inflated, thin, with a faint posterior ridge, sometimes
constricted at the center of the base; beaks rather full, with a few
Coarse, subparallel, concentric ridges, which are curved up rather
'The Avene of ans group are en nee haw of Str oes. Tort he e different beak
sculpture. The character of the marsupia is also different in the two genera. In
this group a limited number of ovules was found in the inner gills of one of the few
gravid specimens seen, while in Anodonta only the outer gills contain ova so far as
I have observed. It differs from Anodonta in the curving in of the hinge line in
front of the beaks, in the beak sculpture, and in having papille on the anal open-
ing. Notwithstanding the fact that I have found embryos in all four gills of a
specimen of this genus, I have placed it with the Homogen:e rather than with the
Tetragenz because the characters of shell and animal seem to agree better with the
former than with the latter.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 659
suddenly behind, and back of these there are fine radiating ridges;
epidermis smooth, shining, often rayed; hinge line slightly incurved in
front of the beaks, edentulous or bearing the merest rudiments of
teeth; muscle scars shallow, irregular; nacre bluish white.
Animal with marsupium occupying the outer and sometimes the four
leaves of the branchie; ovules more numerous in the outer, the whole
pad like; gills large, inner semicircular, free from the abdominal sae,
or united to it; branchial opening large, with many small papille;
anal opening with well-developed papille.
+ANODONTOIDES FERUSSACIANUS Lea.
* Anodonta ferussaciana LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1854, p. 45, pl. vi, fig. 15; *Obs.,
T, 1834, p. 157, pl. v1, p. 15.—* HaNLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 218:—* CaTLow
and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 66.—ConraAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI,
1853, p. 264.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502.—* Mus-
GROVE, Phot. Conch., 1863, pl.1, fig. 15.—* CLEssin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873,
p: 75, pl. xx1u, fig. 4.—* B. H.Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* P&#TEL, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 179.
*Anodon ferussaciana Dr Kay, Zool. of N. Y., Pt. 5, 1843, p. 200, pl. xv1, fig. 230.—
SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. XIV, fig. 51.
*Margarita (Anodonta) ferussaciana Lra, Syn., 1836, p.51; 1833, p. 30.
*Margaron (Anodonta) ferussaciana LEA, Syn., 1852, p.50; 1870, p. 79.
* dnodontoides ferussacianus BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 72, pl. 111, fig. 6; Vv,
fig. 2. 5s
*+ Anodonta buchanensis Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 47, pl. x1v, fig. 43;
* Obs., II, 1838, p. 47. pl. x1v, fig. 43.—* Troscue., Arch. fiir Nat., V, 1839, Pt.
2, p. 238.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 223; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 223.—* Cat-
Low and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 66. —* ConRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
VI, 1853, p. 263.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll, IJ, 1857, p. 503.—* Sow-
ERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. xxtv, fig. 92.—*B. H. WrieutT, Check
List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 177.
* Margarita (Anodonta) buchanensis LEA, Syn., 1836, p.54; 1838, p. 32.
*Margaron (Anodonta) buchanensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p.51; 1870, p. 82.
*t Anodonta argentea Lea, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., I, 1840, p. 289; *Tr. Am. Phil.
Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 223, pl. x1x, fig. 41; *Obs., IIT, 1842, p. 61, pl. xix, fig. 41.—
*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502.—* CLessin, Conch. Cab.
Ano., 1876, p. 218, pl. Lxxu1, figs. 3, 4.—*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—
* PETEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 176.
*Margaron (Anodonta) argentea Lua, Syn., 1852, p.50; 1870, p, 79.
*Strophitus argenteus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 262.
*t dnodonta ferruginea Lua, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 289; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.,
VIII, 1842, p. 225, pl. xix, fig. 43; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 63, pl. xix, fig. 43.—
*ConraD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264.—* H. and A. ADAms, Gen.
Rec.Moll., IT, 1857, p. 502..-* MusGrove, Phot. Conch., 1863, pl. 1, fig. 2.—
*CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 219, pl. Lxxil, figs. 5, 6.—*B. H.
WriGutT, Check List, 1888.—* P#TeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 179.
*Margaron (Anodonta) ferruginea Lra, Syn., 1852, p.50; 1870, p. 79.
*tAnodonta plicuta HALDEMAN, Jl. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1842, p. 201.—* Con-
RAD, Pr.Ac.Nat.Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p.264.—* B. H. Wrient, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Anodonta) plicata LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 79.
*t Anodonta denigrata Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 285, pl. xxv, fig. 45;
*Obs., V, 1852, p. 41, pl. xxv, fig. 45.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI,
1853, p. 264.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502.—* CLESSIN,
660 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 210, pl. uxiv, figs. 4, 5.—* B. H. Wricur, Check
List, 1888.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 178.
*Margaron (Anodonta) denigrata Lua, Syn., 1852, p.50; 1870, p. 79.
*+Anodonta oblita Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1-52, p. 290, pl. xxvii, fig. 52;
*Obs., V, 1852, p. 46, pl. xx vu, fig. 52.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI,
1853, p. 264.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., 1, 1857, p.502.—* CLEssIn,
Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 165, pl. LIv, figs. 7, 8.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List,
1888.
*Margaron (Anodonta) oblita Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 50; 1270, p. 79.
* Anodon subcylindracea SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. x1v, fig. 47.
* Anodonta subcylindracea CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 92, pl. XX VI, figs. 6, 7.
t+ANODONTOIDES FERUSSACIANUS var. SUBCYLINDRACEUS Lea.
*+ Anodonta subcylindracea LEA,Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 106, pl. xxrv, fig. 117;
*Obs., II, 1838, p. 106, pl. xxrv, fig. 117.—* TrRoscHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., V, 1839,
Pt. 2, p. 239.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 223; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 223.—
* S1rmpson, Shells of N. Eng., 1851, p. 15.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
VI, 1853, p. 264.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., IT, 1857, p. 503.—* Latcu-
FORD, Tr. Ottawa F. N. Club, 1882,p. 55.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—
*P mre, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 185.—* WaLTon, Moll. Monroe Co., 1892,
p. 17, pl. vii, fig. 3.
* Margarita (Anodonta) subcylindracea LEA, Syn., 1838, p.32.
* Anodon subcylindracea DE Kay, Zool. of N.Y., Pt.5, 1843, p. 200, pl. x v1, fig. 229.—
* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 68.
*Margaron (Anodonta) subcylindracea LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 51; 1870, p. 82.
* 4nodontoides subcylindraceus BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 74, pl. Iv, fig.
ACW Len’.
ANODONTOIDES FERUSSACIANUS var. MODESTUS Lea.
*+Anodonta modesta LEA, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857, p.84; *Jl. Ac. Nat. Sci.
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 364, pl. Lx1H, fig. 189; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 46, pl. LX1H, fig.
189.—* CLEssIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 153, pl. XLIx, figs. 7, 8.—*B. H.
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* P-#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 182.
*Margaron (Anodonta) modesta LEA, Syn., 1879, p. 79.
* dnodon modestus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. x, fig. 26.
Mississippi drainage area generally; St..Lawrence River system; Red
River of the North; Saskatchewan River; Connecticut.? The varieties
are found in the St. Lawrence system.
Genus PEGIAS Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Margaritana fabula Lea.)
Shell small, thickened in front, with a sharp posterior ridge, in front
of which is a wide radial depression, ending in a basal sinus; above
this ridge is another, making the shell decidedly biangulate and trun-
eate behind; beak sculpture consisting of subconcentric corrugations,
generally swollen on the posterior ridge; epidermis decorticated, but
showing a few dark, radial rays on the base of the shell; pseudocardi-
nals rather solid; laterals wanting. Animal having the marsupium
empty in the specimen examined; inner gills larger in front, free from
the abdominal sae, all four truncated behind; palpi large; mantle with
square spots on its edge; branchial opening with a few large papille;
anal opening smooth, not separated from the superanal.
‘
‘:
t
So
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 661
+t PEGIAS FABULA Lea.
*Margarita (Margaritana) fabula, LEA, Syn., 1856, p. 46; 1838, p. 28.
*Margaritana fabula Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 44, pl. x1, fig. 39; *Obs.,
TI, 1838, p. 44, pl. x11, fig. 39.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p.
238.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 301, pl. c, fig.3.—* B. H. Wrient,
Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 175.
*Unio fabula HANuEy, Test. Moll., 1842, p.213; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 213, pl. xxn,
fig. 45.—* CaTLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.59.—* SowerRBy, Conch.
Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LX XVI, fig. 394.
*Margaron (Margaritana) fabula Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 44; 1870, p. 70.
* Micromya fabula AGassiz, Arch. fiir Nat., I, 1852, p. 47.
*Strophitus fabula CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263.
*Baphia fabula H.and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 499.
*+Margaritana curreyana LEA, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., I, 1840, p. 288; *Tr. Am. Phil.
Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 223, pl. xvitr, fig. 40; *Obs., ITI, 1842, p. 61, pl. xviuy, fig.
40.—* KuSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 300, pl. c, fig.2.—* B. H. Wricut,
Check List, 1888.
*Micromya curreyana AGassiZ, Arch. fiir Nat. I, 1852, p. 47.
*Margaron (Margaritana) curreyana LEA, Syn., 1852, p.42; 1870, p. 68.
*Strophitus curreyana CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263.
*Baphia curreyana H.and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 499.
*Unio curreyana SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lx1n, fig. 319.
*Unio curreyanus HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1856, p. 386, pl. xxiv, fig. 10.
*Margaritana correyana P®TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 173.
Cumberland and Tennessee river systems.
Genus ARCIDENS Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Alasmodonta confragosa Say.)
Shell subsolid, inflated, subrhomboid, with full, high beaks; beak
sculpture very strong, consisting of irregular corrugations which fall into
two loops, at the bases of which the ridges are swollen into knobs that
continue out in two radiating rows on to the disk of the shell; in front
of and behind the beaks are many fine, radial wrinkles, the posterior
ones being zigzagged; surface of the shell covered with oblique folds
and wrinkles; epidermis dark olive, shining; there are two elongated,
compressed psuedocardinals in the left valve, the posterior under the
beak, and curved upward, cutting off the hinge plate in the right valve,
which has a single, compressed pseudocardinal in front; laterals numer-
ous, short, blurred; muscle scars irregular; nacre white. Animal with the
gills very large, rounded below; inner the larger, free from the abdominal
sac; marsupium filling the outer gills, of a peculiar, granular texture;
palpi very large, elongated, attached half way to the mantle; mantle
with a thick, unspotted border; branchial opening large, papillose;
anal opening with rudimentary papille.!
‘In the only gravid specimen I have seen the marsupium presented a peculiar,
striated, granular structure, different from that of any Naiad I know. It was nar-
rowed in the middle, and produced into a sort of lobe behind, but, though the spec-
imen seemed to be a perfectly normal one, I am in doubt whether this peculiar form
is constant. I do not think that this granulation is the result of a diseased condi-
tion, though it may be.
662 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. -
+ARCIDENS CONFRAGOSUS Say.
* Alasmodonta confragosa Say, N. Harm. Diss., IT, 1829, p. 339; *Am. Conch., I, 1830,
pl. xx1; IV, 1832 (cover p. 4).—* Conran, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 72.—
* Ferussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III, 1845,
p. 30, pl. vii, figs. 1, la.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 262.
* Margarita (Margaritana) confragosa LEA, Syn., 1836, p.43; 1838, p. 27.
“Unio confragosa DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 552; 3d ed., II,
1837, p. 674.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 210; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 210, pl.
XXII, fig.52.—* DesHayYEs, Tr. Elem., 1853, p. 217, pl. xxx, figs. 5-7.
*Baphia confragosa H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., I, 1857, p. 500.
*Margaron (Margaritana) confragosa Lea, Syn., 1852, p.42; 1870, p. 67.
* Margaritana confragosa CALKINS, Pr. Ottawa Acad., 1574, p.46.—* B. H. WRIGHT,
Check List, 1888.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 172.
*Tnio confragosus CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 57.—* SOWERBY,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pl. Lx, fig. 299.
Mississippi River and States adjoining it; Ohio River drainage;
southwest to the Colorado River, Texas. A specimen is in the Lea
collection, said to be from Enterprise, southeastern Alabama, but I
am doubtful about the locality.
Genus SYMPHYNOTA Lea, 1829.
(Type, Symphynota compressa LEA. )
Symphynota LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., III, 1829, p. 424.
? Megadomus SwAINsoN, Tr. on Mal., 1840, p. 266.
2? Complanaria SwAINson, Tr. on Mal., 1840, p. 290.
Shell elliptic rhomboid, compressed; beaks low, their sculpture con-
sisting of strong bars; one pseudocardinal in the right valve and two
in the left, the hinder somewhat A-shaped, cutting off the hinge plate
in the right valve; laterals generally imperfect.
Animal with the gills semicircular below, inner the larger, free nearly
the whole length from the abdominal sac; marsupium thick, padlike,
filling the outer gills; mantle strongly attached at palleal line; branchial
opening papillose: anal opening without papille.
Subgenus SYMPHYNOTA Lea, 1829.
Shell smooth, subsolid, shining, rayed; teeth delicate; laterals com-
pressed, moderately developed.
SYMPHYNOTA COMPRESSA Lea.
* Symphynota compressa LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 1829, p. 450, pl. x11, fig. 22; *~Obs.,
I, 1834, p. 64, pl. x11, fig. 22.—* FERUssAC, Guer. Mag, 1835, p. 25.
* Complanaria compressa CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Fhila., VI, 1853, p. 261.
* Microcondylaea compressa P& TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 175.
* Unio compressus CONRAD, New F.W. Shells, 1834, p. 68; *Monog., VIII, 1837, p. 71,
pl. Xt, fig. 1.—*C. B. Apams, Thompson’s Hist. Vt., 1842, p. 166.—* HaNLEY,
Test. Moll., 1842, p.174; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 174, pl. xx, fig. 39.—* Dr Kay,
Zool. of N. Y., Pt. 5, 1848, p. 191, pl. xx1, fig. 245.—*CaTLow and REEVE,
Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 57.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 198, pl.
LXIV, figs. 3, 4.—*SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LX1, fig. 303.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS O# THE NAITADES—SIMPSON, 663
* Margarita (Unio) compressus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 11; 1838, p. 13.
* Complanaria compressus AGASSIZ, Arch. fiir. Nat., I, 1852, p. 48.
* Complanaria alasmodontina STIMPSON, Shells of N. Eng., 1851, p. 14.
* Unio alasmodontinas P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 144.
* Margaron ( Unio) pressus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 19; 1870, p. 29.)
* Unio pressus H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 498.—* LarcHrorb, |
Tr. Ottawa F. N. Club., 1882, p. 52.—*B. H. WrieuT, Check List, 1888.—
*P re, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 164.
* Alasmodonta pressa BAkER, Tr. Ac. N.Sci. St. L., VIII, 1898, p. 76, fig. ; * Moll.
Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p.58, pl. vi, fig. 3; xX, fig. 4.
SYMPHYNOTA COMPRESSA var. PLEBIUS C. B. Adams
* Unio compressus var. plebius C. B. ADAMS, F. W. and L. Shells of Vt., p. 16.
Ohio and St. Lawrence drainage areas; west to Arkansas, north
through Nebraska to Wisconsin; Hudson River.
+SYMPHYNOTA CHARLOTTENSIS Lea.
* Unio charlottiensis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila:, VII, 1863, p.191;. «Jl. Ac. N. Sei.
Rina Val LS66.p. o. pla ll, tes oles Obs XI IS6i, op. W2) pl. ut, hon >.—— 4 B.
H. WricGutT, Check List, 1888.
~ Margaron (Unio) charlottensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 51.
Near Charlotte, North Carolina.
+SYMPHYNOTA VIRIDIS Conrad.
= Unio viridis CONRAD, Monog., IV, 1836, p. 35, pl. xvi1, fig. 1;? * Pr. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 259.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xLy, fig.
244.—* B. H. Wrieu7, Check List, 1888.
“Margarita (Unio) tappanianus LEA, Syn., 1856, p.39; 1838, p. 25.
“Unio tappanianus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI,.1838, p. 62, pl. xvul, fig.55; *Obs.
II, 1838, p. 62, pl. xvil, fig.55.—* TroscuHE.L, Arch. fiir Nat., V,1839, Pt. 2, p.
236.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 209; Biv. Sheils, 1845, p. 209, pl. xx1, fig.
38.—* Dr Kay, Zool. of N. Y., Pt. 5, 1843, p. 194, pl. xx, fig. 242.—* H. and A.
ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II; 1857, p. 492.—* CuENu, JI]. Conch., 1858, pl. xx,
figs. 2, 2a, 2b.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 270, pl. xct, fig. 3.—
“HARTMAN and MICHENER, Conch. Test., 1874, p. 89, fig. 185.—* B. H. WRIGHT,
Check List, 1888.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 169.
~*Margaron (Unio) tappanianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 39; 1870, p. 62.
* Unio tappianus CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64.
*+Unio hyalinus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p.164; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X,
1848, p. 69, pl. ur, fig.4; Obs., IV, 1848, p. 43, pl. 1, fig. 4.—* Conrab, Pr. Ac.
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857,
p- 492.—* KustEer, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 204, pl. Lx vim, fig. 3.—* PATEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155.
* Margaron (Unio) hyalinus Lra, Syn., 1852, p. 39; 1870, p. 62.
1 Lea changed his name compressa to pressus because the former had been used for
a Unio previously by Sowerby. The restoration of the genus Symphynota makes the
earlier name of Lea valid.
2Credited by Conrad and others to Rafinesque. The description of the latter of
Unio viridis is not sufficiently clear to distinguish it from some of the other members
of this genus, and the locality given is in error for the shell figured by Conrad,
which belongs exclusively to the Atlantic drainage, and not to the Ohio River and
Kentucky, localities given by Rafinesque. .
664 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
~+Unio pertenwis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 193; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1866, p.8, pl. 1, fig.4; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 12, pl. uy, fig. 4.—* B.
H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) pertenuis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 62.
Streams draining into the Atlantic from New York south to North
Carolina; Monroe County, Michigan?
+SYMPHYNOTA DECORATA Lea.
* Unio decoratus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 257, pl. x1, fig.6; *Obs., V,
1852, p. 13, pl. xin, fig. 6.—* Conran, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248.—
*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 498.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon.,
XVI, 1868, pl. xc1, fig. 496.—*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Parr,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 150.
* Margaron (Unio) decoratus LEa, Syn., 1852, p. 19; 1870, p. 29.
*t Unio insolidus La, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 159; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 40, pl. x1, fig. 37; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 44, pl. xi,
fig. 37.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
Virginia to South Carolina.
tSYMPHYNOTA NEGLECTA Lea.
Unio neglectus Lua, Desc. 12 Uniones, 1843; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IX, 1846, p. 280,
pl. xu, fig. 10; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 88, p]. xu, fig. 10.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N.
Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 252.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.
493.—* KustTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. .225, pl. Lxxvi, fig. 4.—*B. H.
WrieGat, Check List, 1888.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 160.
* Margaron (Unio) neglectus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 54.
Northern Alabama.
tSYMPHYNOTA QUADRATA Lea.
* Margaritana quadrata Lua, Pr. Ac, N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p.41; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., Il, 1862; p: 210, pl. xxx) fig. 279); ~Obs:, 1X: 1863; p. 32) ple xcxoxam-
fig. 279.—*B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* Parr, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 173.
* Margaron (Margaritana) quadrata LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 68.
* Margaritana (Alasmodonta) quadrata CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 273,
pl. LXxx111, figs. 5, 6.
Kastern Tennessee.
Subgenus LASMIGONA Rafinesque, 1831.
(Type, Alasmidonta costata Rafinesque. )!
Shell subrhomboid, compressed, corrugated behind; beaks low, their
sculpture consisting of several coarse ridges which generally fall into
two slight loops, and often with radiating ridges in front and behind;
epidermis shining; laterals partly developed, consisting of blurred ridges
which slope diagonally downward and backward on the hinge plate;
cavities of the beaks shallow; dorsal scars faint, irregular.
'The description of Alasmidonta costata of Rafinesque so clearly covers the species
described three years later as Alasmodonta rugosa by Barnes that the former name
must be used.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIA DES—SIMPSON. 665
Animal with the marsupium occupying the whole of the outer gills,
very thick, like that of Anodonta; inner gills free all or the greater part
of their length from the abdominal sac; branchial opening papillose;
anal opening generally smooth or only slightly crenulate.
tSYMPHYNOTA COSTATA Rafinesque.
*4lasmidonta costata RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Brux., V, ao p. 312, pl.
LXXXU, figs. 15, 16.
*Alasmodonta costata Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—* CONRAD, New F. W. Shells,
1834, p. 72.—* Ferussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25
*Complanaria costata CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 261.
*Alasmodonta rugosa BARNES, Am. Jl. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 278, pl. x1, fig. 21.—
SHort and EaTON, Transylvania J1., 1831, p.81.—* C. B. ADAMs, Thompson’s
Hist. of Vt., 1842, p. 165.—* Baker, Moll. Chicago, Pt.1, 1898, p. 57, pl. vi1,
figs.1,2; viu, figs. 35, 4.
*Mya rugosa EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 222.
* Margarita (Margaritana) rugosa LEA, Syn., 1836, p.44; 1838, p. 27.
*Unio rugosa HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 211; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 211, pl. xx1,
fig. 8.
*Alasmodon rugosa DE Kay Zool. N. Y., Pt. 5, 1843, p. 196, pl. xv, fig. 226.
*Complanaria rugosa STIMPSON, Shells of N. Eng., 1851, p. 14.
Margaron (Margaritana) rugosa LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 42; 1870, p. 67.
* Baphia rugosa H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 500.
* Margaritana rugosa CALKINS, Pr. Ottawa Ac. Sci., 1874, p. 46.—* B. H.. WRIGHT,
Check List, 1888.—* PTE, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 164.
* Lasmigona rugosum RAFINESQUE, Cont. Mon., Og,, 1831, p. 5.
* Unio rugosus CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 63.—KusreEr, Conch.
Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 200, pl. LX v1, figs. 1-3.—SoWERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867,
pl. Lx, fig. 302.
O ienoaonta hians FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25.
Mississippi drainage generally; St. Lawrence basin; Manitoba; Hud-
son River?; Columbus, Mississippi. Texas?.
Subgenus PTEROSYGNA Rafinesque, 1831.
(Type, Alasmodonta complanata Barnes. )
Shell large, ovate-rhomboid, inflated in post basal region; beaks much
compressed, their sculpture sharply and strongly doubly looped; epi-
dermis dark, scarcely rayed; teeth very heavy.
Animal with an extremely thick marsupium; palpilarge; mantle with
small crenulations on lower border; branchial opening large; anal open-
ing small, both slightly papillose.
+SYMPHYNOTA COMPLANATA Barnes.
* Alasmodonta complanata BARNES, Am. Jl. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 278, pl. x11I, fig. 21.—
* HILDRETH, Am. JI. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 289.—* ConrapD, New F. W. Shells,
1834, p. 72.—* Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—* Baker, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898,
p. 60, pl. vil, figs. 1,2; 1x, figs. 1-4.
* Mya complanata EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 222.
*Symphynota complanata Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., III, 1830, p.448.—-* SHorT and
Eaton, Transylvania J1., 1831, p.80.—* La, Obs., I, 1834, p. 62.—FERUSSAC,
Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25.
666 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. — VOL. XX.
“Margarita (Margaritana) complanata Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 43; 1838, p. 26.
*Unio complanata HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.210; * Biv. Shells, 1848, p. 210, pl.
SORT, 1p, :
*Complanaria complanata CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 261.
*Baphia complanata H.and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 500.
* Margaratina complanata CALKINS, Pr. Ottawa Acad., 1874, p. 46.—* B. H.Wricut,
Check List, 1888.—* Patri, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p.172.-
*Alasmodon complanatus SOWERBY, Conch. Man., 1842, p. 61, fig. 140.—* CaTLow
and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.57.—* KusTrER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p.
199, pl. LY, ea * Sown RBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. L, fig. 266.
Complanaria gigas SowERBY, Conch. Man., 1859, fe i41, *; 1842, p. 115, fig. 141.
3
*? Megadomus gigas SWAINSON, Tr. on Mal., 1840, pp. 265, 378,
+SYMPHYNOTA COMPLANATA var. KATHERINZ Lea.
Unio katherine Lea, Syn., 1838, p.55;' Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1839, p. 143.—* Tro-
SCHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., V, 1839, Il, p. 237.
Upper Mississippi drainage, as far south as Arkansas on the west;
Ohio River system; upper St. Lawrence and its tributaries; north into
the Mackenzie River.
Genus ALASMIDONTA Say, 1818.
(Type, Monodonta undulata Say.)?
Monodonta Say, Nich. Ene., II, 1816.
Alasmidonta Say, Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1818, p. 459.
Alasmodonta Say, Nich. Enc., 38d ed., IV, 1819.
Alasmodon SWAINSON, Tr. on Mal., 1840, p. 382.
Uniopsis SWAINSON, Tr. on Mal., 1840, p. 382.
Shell generally rhomboid, inflated, with a well-developed posterior
ridge, which ends in a point behind when it is single or a biangulation
when double; beaks full and high, with coarse, concentric or slightly
doubly-looped bars; epidermis rayed, shining; hinge with two pseudo-
cardinals in the left valve and one in the right; laterals wanting or
imperfect; cavity of the beaks deep; dorsal scars under the hinge
plate; nacre bluish.
Animal with the marsupium occupying the entire outer gills; gills
rounded below, inner much the larger, united to the abdominal sac, or
free; mantle generally having square spots on the posterior border;
branchial opening papillose; anal opening smooth or crenulate.
Subgenus ALASMIDONTA Say, 1818.
(Type, Monodonta undulata Say.)
Shell ovate-rhomboid, solid, inflated, shining, with very strong, gen-
erally concentric beak acu ane paendocardinals solid SUL some-
''This is Pronauin ie small, Seon: Thence form of this species, which appears
very different from the type.
2Changed by Say afterwards to Alasmidonta undulata as the name Monodonta was
preoccupied. For some reason Say later on called his genus dlasmodonta.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 667
what radiately ridged; laterals short, very imperfect, or wanting; beak
cavities deep, compressed.
Animal with inner gills wider than the outer throughout; palpi long;
marsupium loose and flabby, and having ova scattered throughout it
in the only gravid specimen seen.
+t ALASMIDONTA UNDULATA Say.
Monodonta undulata Say, Nich. Ene.; 1816, pl. 111, fig. 3.
= flasmidonta undulata Say, Jl. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1818, p. 460.
* Alasmodonta undulata Say, Nich. Enc., IV, 1819, pl. 1, fig. 3.—* Conrap, New
F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 73.—* Frerussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26.—*C. B.
Apams, F. W. and L. S. of Vt., 1842, p. 15.
*Alasmodon undulata SWAINSON, Tr. on Mal., 1840, p. 288, fig. 61.—* GOULD, Iny.
Mass., 1841, p. 115, fig. 76.—* De Kay, Zool. of N. Y., Pt. 5, 1843, p. 198, pl. xv,
fig. 227.
* Margarita (Margaritana) undulata Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 44; 1838, p. 27.
*Unio undulata HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 211.—* Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 211.
*Margaritana undulata Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 298, pl. Xcrx, fig. 4.—
* GOULD, Inv. Mass., 1870, p. 176, fig. 478.—* HARTMAN and MICHENER, Conch.
Cest., 1874, p. 92, fig. 190.—* LatcurorD, Tr. Ottawa F. N. Cl., 1882, p.
54.—* H. CARPENTER, Naut., IV, 1890, p. 47.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List,
1888.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 174.
*Margaron (Margaritana) undulata LEA, Syn., 1852, p.42; 1870, p. 68.
*Mya undulata Woop, Ind. Test. Rev., 1856, p. 199, pl. 1, supp., fig. 5.
*Baphia undulata H.and A. ADAms, Gen. Ree. Moll., I, 1857, p. 499.
* Unio undulatus CATLOW and REEVE#, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 6d.
*Strophitus undulatus STiMPSON, Shells of New Eng., 1851, p. 15.
*?Unio glabratus SowuRBY, Rec. and Foss. Shells, XVI, 1823, fig.
Alasmodonta sculptilis Say, N. Harmony Diss., II, 1829, p. 339.—FERussaAc, Guer.
Mag., 1835, p. 26.—L. W. Say, Terr. and Fluv. Shells, 1840, p.9.
*Strophitus sculptilis STIMPSON, Shells of New Eng., 1851, p. 15.
-* Unio hians VALENCIENNES Ree. Obs. Zool., II, 1833, p. 235, pl. tv, figs. 2a, 2b.
*Uniopsis radiata SWAINSON, Tr.on Mal., 1840, p. 289, fig. 62.
*Uniopsis mytiloides SWAINSON, Tr. on Mal., 1840, p. 382, fig. 62.
*? Unio swainsoni SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXXVI, fig. 396.
*Margaron (Margaritana) swainsoni Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 30.
Lower St. Lawrence drainage; southward to North Carolina.
Subgenus PRESSODON-A Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Unio calceolus Lea. ')
Shell decidedly rhomboid, surface generally painted with unbroken
rays; beak sculpture slightly corrugated; teeth compressed.
Animal with a thick, smooth, pad-like marsupium.
(Group of Alasmidonta calceola.)
Shell small, subsolid, rhomboid, inflated, rayed but not shining;
beak sculpture varying from strong concentric bars to irregular corru-
_ gations, sometimes faintly doubly looped, and with fine radiating
1The names Hemiodon, Hemiodonta, and Hemidon were applied by Swainson to
this group, but he used the first name previously for a division of the Helicide. It
is better to apply a new name.
668 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
ridges in front and behind; pseudocardinals rather solid; laterals very
faint; marsupium occupying the whole of the outer gills, thick, pad-
like; inner gills wholly or partly free from the abdominal sac; mantle
bordered with square, black spots.
,ALASMIDONTA CALCEOLA Lea.
*Unio calceolus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., III, 1830, p. 265, pl. 1, fig. 1; * Obs., I, 1834,
p. 7, pl. 111, fig. 1.—* Frrussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26.—* CHENU, III. Conch.,
1858, pl. vuil, figs. 2, 2a, 2c.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 187, pl. L1x,
fig. 3.
*Strophitus calccolus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., VI, 1853, p. 262.
*Unio calceola DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 546; 3d ed., II, 1889,
p. 672.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 212; * Biv. Shells, 1848, p. 212, pl. xxm,
fig. 29.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.56.—* SowERBy, Conch.
Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXX vi, fig. 410.
*Margarita (Margaritana) calccola LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 45; 1838, p. 27.
*Margaron (Margaritana) calceola Lma, Syn., 1852, p. 43; 1870, p. 68. \
*Margaritana calceola KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 299, pl. xcrx, fig. 6.—
*B. H. Wricat, Check List, 1888.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 172.
*Baphia calceola H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 500.
* dlasmodonta truncata CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 73.
*Margarita (Margaritana) deltoidea LEA, Syn., 1856, p. 44; 1838, p. 27.
*Margaritana deltoidea Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 43, pl. x11; fig. 38;
Obs., II, 1838, p. 43, pl. x11, fig. 38.—* TROosCHEL, Arch. fiir Nat.,V, 1839, II,
p. 238.—* CHENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 144, fig. 711.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab., 1862,
p- 299, pl. xc1x, fig. 5.—* CaLKINs, Pr. Ottawa Ac. Sci., 1874, p. 46.—*B. H.
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* PaTreL, Conch, Sam., III, 1890, p. 173.
*Unio deltoidea HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 211; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 211, pl.
Xx, fig. 50.
*Margaron (Margaritana) deltoidea LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 42, 1870, p. 67.
* Strophitus deltoidea CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263.
*Baphia deltoidea H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 499.
*Alasmodonta deltoidea BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 63, pl. v1, fig. 2;
vu, fig. 4.
*Unio deltoideus CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58.—* SOWERBY,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXXv1I, fig. 395.
!
Upper Mississippi drainage; Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee rivers;
Lower and Middle St. Lawrence systems.
+ALASMIDONTA MINOR Lea.
*Margaritana minor Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 166; Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.,
X, 1848, p. 82, pl. vill, fig. 26; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 56, pl. vil, fig. 26.—* CHENU,
Man., 1859, II, p. 144, fig. 713.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 173.
*Strophitus minor CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263.
*Margaron (Margaritana) minor LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 42; 1870, p. 67.
*Baphia minor H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Kee. Moll., II, 1857, p. 499.
Tennessee and Cumberland river systems.
(Group of Alasmidonta heterodon.)
Shell small, rather thin, rhomboid; beak sculpture very strong, con-
sisting of concentric ridges or irregular corrugations, often slightly
©
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 669
doubly looped and swollen on the well-developed posterior ridge; sur-
face rayed; pseudocardinals compressed, reflexed; laterals single,
double, or triple in each valve.
Animal with branchial opening having a few coarse papille; anal
opening smooth, or with very fine crenulations.
+ALASMIDONTA HETERODON Lea.
*Unio heterodon LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., III, 1830, p. 428, pl. vim, fig. 11; * Obs , I,
1834, p. 42, pl. vu, fig. 11.—* Conrap, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 69.—
* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26.—* DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI,
1835, p. 548; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 672.—*CoNnRaAD, Monog., X, 1838, p. 90, pl.
XLIX, fig. 3.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 183; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 183,
pl. XXxI, fig. 42.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.59.—* Conrab,
Pr. Ac. N. Sei., Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xv1,
figs. 2, 2a, 2b.—* H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., If, 1857, p. 495.— * Kus-
TER, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 192, pl. LXI, fig. 2.—* SowerRBy, Conch. Icon., XVI,
1866, pl. xxxv, fig. 184.—* HARTMAN and MICHENER, Conch. Cest., 1874, p.
91, fig. 188.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* P& TEL, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 155.
*Margarita (Unio) heterodon Lra, Syn., 1836, p. 18; 1838, p. 16.
*Margaron (Unio) heterodon LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 36.
Northern New England to Virginia.
ALASMIDONTA DIVERSA Conrad.
*Unio diversus CONRAD, Am. Jl. Sci., XXI, 1856, p. 172 (fig. in outline).—B. H.
WriGuHtT, Check List, 1888.1
Alabama.
(Group of Alasmidonta collina.)
Shell rhomboid, subsolid, with beak sculpture consisting of strong,
concentric bars, sometimes slightly doubly looped and swollen on the
low, posterior ridge; often with one or more small spines on the disk
in front of the posterior ridge; epidermis brown, rayless or feebly
rayed; rest marks well defined; teeth rather compressed; laterals
lamellar.
Animal unknown.
+ ALASMIDONTA COLLINA Conrad.
*Unio collinus CONRAD, Monog., VIII, 1837, p. 65, pl. xxxv1, fig. 2; XII, 1840,
p. 109, pl. Lx, fig. 3.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., IV, 1838, p. 287.—* ConRAD,
Pr. Ac. N. Sei., Phila., VI, 1853, p. 247.—* HaNLEY, Biv. Shells, 1856, p. 382,
pl. xx, fig. 57.—* KusTEer, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 188, pl. rx, fig. 5.—
*SOwWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xLIx, fig. 263.—* B. H. WRIGHT,
Check List, 1888.—* PmrerL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148.
*Margaron (Unio) collinus LEa, Syn., 1852, p. 233 1870, p. 35.
North Carolina and Virginia.
1Conrad says this has a remarkable resemblance to Unio heterodon, but is shorter.
670 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. X XII.
(Group of Alasmidonta holstonia.)
Shell subsolid, beak sculpture rather strong, decidedly doubly
looped, surface brownish, slightly rayed; pseudocardinals delicate;
laterals nearly or quite wanting. Animal like that of A. calceola.
+ ALASMIDONTA HOLSTONIA Lea.
* Margaritana holstonia LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 42, pl. x1, fig. 37;
*Obs., II, 1838, p. 42, pl. x11, fig. 37.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., V, 1839, Pt. 2,
p. 238.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,
p. 173.
* Margarita (Margaritana) holstonia LEA, Syn. , 1836, p. 46; 1858, p. 28.
| Legere (Margaritana) holstonia iB Syn., 1852, p. 44; 1870, p. 70.
* Strophitus holstonta CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. ee. VI, 1853, p. 263.
* Baphia holstonia H.and A, ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., TI, 1857, p. 499.
* Unio holstonianus HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 213, pl. xx11, fig. 44.—* CaTLOW
and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 60.—*SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl.
LXXVI, fig. 398.
* Margaritana holstoniana KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 302, pl. c, fig. 4.
*2 Unio striatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxviu, fig. 407.
Tennessee River system; headwaters of the Coosa River.
+ ALASMIDONTA GEORGIANA Lea.! 4
*Margaritana etowahensis LEA, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 188; *J1. Ac.
Nat. Sci. Phila., [V, 1859, p. 227, pl. xx x1, fig. 110; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 45, pl.
XXXI, fig. 110.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.
*Margaritana (Alasmodonta) etowahensis CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Anro., 1875, p. 270,
JODIE sepreoxoxa eg ralays aL
*Margaritana etowahensis Pa&stTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 173.
*“Margaritana georgiana LEA, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. ee IIT, 1859, p. 280.—B. H.
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Margaritana) georgiana LBA, Syn., 1870, p. 68.
* Alasmodonta impressa ANTHONY, Am. Jl. Conch., I, 1865, -p. 157, pl. X11, fig. 4.
Tennessee; Etowah River, Georgia.
Subgenus RUGIFERA Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Alasmodonta marginata Say.)
Shell elongated, rhomboid, inflated, surface brilliantly painted with
radiations, which often break into a dappled or splashed pattern of
color; posterior slope slightly corrugated; teeth very imperfect; lat-
erals wanting.
Animal with a thick, smooth, pad like marsupium. Mantle with
square spots behind.
+ALASMIDONTA MARGINATA Say . {
*Alasmodonta marginata Say, Nich. Ene., 1819, No.1; Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—
* CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 72.—* FERussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p.
25.—* STIMPSON, Shells of N. Eng., 1851, p.15.—* Acassiz, Arch. fiir. Nat., I,
1852, p. 46.—* ConrRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, » 262.
! iniree Paine Mane garitana Powohenes by Dr. ee but as that name had previously
been used by Conrad its author changed it to georgiana.
a
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. al
“dAlasmidonta marginata RAFINESQUE, An. Gen. Sci. Brux., V, 1820, p. 317.
~ Margarita (Margaritana) marginata L&a, Syn., 1836, p. 43; 1838, p. 27
* Alasmodon marginata GOULD, Inv. Mass., 1841, p. 116, fig. 77.—* Dr Kay, Zool.
of N. Y., Pt. 5, 1843, p. 196, pl. xiv, fig. 225 ai
* Unio marginata HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.211; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 211, pl.
SORT HON 2a.
* Anodonta marginata C. B. ADAMS, Thompson’s Hist. Vt., 1842, p. 164; *F. W.
and L.S. of Vt., 1842, p. 14.—*Srmmpson, Shells of N. De, W5L; pills.
* Margaron (Margaritana) marginata LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 42; 1870, p. 67.
* Baphia marginata H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Mol1., II, 1857, p. 500.
*Margaritana marginata GOULD, Inv. of Mass., 1870, p. 177, fig. 479. —HaARTMAN and
MICHENER, Conch. Cest., 1874, p. 93, fig. 191.—* LaTcHrorD, Tr. Ottawa F.N.
Club, 1882, p.54.—* B. H.Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* H. CARPENTER, Naut.,
TV, 1890, p. 46.—* P® TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 173.
*Unio marginatus CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 61.
* Unio varicosa LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 78.—* DEsHayeEs, An. sans
Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 543; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 671.
* Unio cariosa LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 80.
* Alasmodon corrugata DE Kay, Zool. of N. Y., Pt.5, 1843, p.198, pl. xxiv, fig. 259.
* Mua rugulosa Woon, Ind. Test., 3d ed., 1856, p. 199, pl. 1, supp. fig. 7.
Lower St. Lawrence; southward in streams draining into the Atlantic
to South Carolina.
+ALASMIDONTA TRUNCATA B. H. Wright.!
* Alasmodonta truncata CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 262.
*Margaritana marginata KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 297, pl. xcIx, fig.
3.—* CALKINS, Pr. Ottawa Acad., 1874, p. 46.
*Alasmodonta marginata BakER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 62. pl. tv, fig. 4;
SYA Oe ai(e= XOX Tether
*Margaritana marginata var. truncata B. H. WRIGHT, Naut., XI, 1898, p. 124
* Unio marginatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. LI, fig. 267.
Upper Mississippi drainage; Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee river
systems; Michigan; Upper St. Lawrence drainage.
+t ALASMIDONTA RAVENELIANA Lea.
*Margaritana raveneliana LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 106, pl. xvur, fig. 50;
*Obs., I, 1834, p. 218, pl. xvi, fig. 50.—* KusTeR, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p
297, pl. xcrx, fig. 2.—* B. H. WricHT, Check List, 1888.—* P#TEL, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 173. :
*Alasmodonta raveneliana FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26.
*Margarita (Margaritana) raveneliana LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 44; 1838, p. 27
*Margaron (Margaritana) raveneliana LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 42; 1870. p. 68.
*Baphia raveneliana H,. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll, II, 1857, p. 500.
* Strophitus ravenelianus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263.
*Unio swananoensis HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 211; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 211,
pl. XxII1, sei 39.—CATLOW and "Sena Conch. Nom. ee p. 64.
'Say’smanuscript. I believe this to be specifically different from the Seog thin-
ner, less inflated, biangulate 4. marginata. The latter is confined to the Atlantic
drainage; the former belongs tothe Mississippi Valley, but has migrated into the St.
Lawrence basin. No description was published of this form that I know of until
that of Mr. Wright appeared.
672 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL.
Tennessee and Cumberland river systems.
Unfigured species.
Margaritana etowahensis CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1V, 1849, p. 154.!
Etowah River, Georgia.
Subgenus BULLELLA Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Margaritana arcula Lea.)
Shell thin, greatly inflated, somewhat triangular, with a high, sharp
posterior ridge; beaks very full, having exceedingly strong, concen-
tric sculpture, extending well on to the disk; pseudocardinals reflexed,
compressed.
Animal with the gills large, nearly semicircular below, inner the
larger, united the whole length to the abdominal sac; mantle border
with square spots.’
tALASMIDONTA ARCULA Lea.
* Margarita (Margaritana) arcula LEA, Syn., 1836, p.43; 1838, p. 27.
* Margaritana arcula Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 71, pl. xx, fig. 69; *Obs.,
II, 1838, p. 71, pl. x x11, fig. 69.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir. Nat., V, 1893, Pt. 2, p.
238.—* CHENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 144, fig. 712.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List,
1888.—* PmrTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 172
* Unio arcula HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 210; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 210, pl. xx11,
fig. 49.—* CaATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 56.—* SOWERBY, Conch.
Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. XLVIII, fig. 259.
* Margaron (Margaritana) arcula Lka, Syn., 1852, p.42; 1870, p. 67.
* Alasmodonta arcula CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 262.
* Baphia arcula H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 500.
* Margaritana (Alasmodonta) arcula CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 272, pl.
LXXXIU, figs. 7,8.
Altamaha River, Georgia.
tALASMIDONTA TRIANGULATA Lea.
*Margaritana triangulata Lma, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., II, 1858, p. 188; * Jl. Ac. N.
Sci. Phila., IV, 1859, p. 228, pl. xxxu1, fig. 111; * Obs., VII, 1859, p. 46, pl.
XXXU, fig. 111.—* KusrEr, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 303, pl. c, fig. 6.—* B. H.
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.
* Unio triangulata SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxx, fig. 414.
*Margaron, (Margaritana) triangulata LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 68.
*Margaritana triangulatus PasTEL, Conch., Sam., III, 1890, p. 174.
South Carolina and Georgia.
The following species are unknown to me:
* Alasmodon (Decurambis) atropurpureum RAFINESQUE, Cont. Monog., 1831, p. 5.
*dAlasmodon (Decurambis) scriptum RAFINESQUE, Cont. Monog., 1851, p. 5.
1 Allied to ravenelianus LEA, according to Conrad.
2In the only gravid specimen seen the outer gills were curiously wrinkled and
folded longitudinally, though the inner gills were plain. If this were a normal
character it would entitle the species to generic rank, but I can not feel certain that
itis. A. triangulata seems to stand between this and the ordinary Alasmidontas.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 673
“Alasmodon (Lasmigona) viridis RAFINESQUE, Cont. Monog., 1831, p. 5.
*Alasmodon (Sulcataria) papyraceum RAFINESQUE, Cont. Monog., 1831, p. 5.
* Alasmodon (Sulcataria) badium RAFINESQUE, Cont. Monog., 1831, p. 5.
*Alasmodon (Amblamodon) hians RAFINESQUE, Cont. Monog., 1831, p. 5.
*Margaritana columbensis L¥a,' Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XI, 1867, p. 81.
Genus HEMILASTENA (Agassiz, 1852) Simpson.
(Type, dAlasmodonta ambigua Say.)?
Shell small, elongate elliptical, rounded in front and behind, often
slightly incurved at the central base; beaks rather sharp, but not full;
sculpture consisting of fine, parallel ridges which are looped up in the
middle, and open behind; epidermis brownish, rayless; teeth imperfect,
a single irregular, compressed tooth in each valve; that of the left
under the beak, that of the right in front of it; laterals nearly or quite
wanting; anterior end of the shell much thickened; anterior muscle
scars united; posterior faint; nacre dull whitish.
Animal with the marsupium occupying the whole of the outer branchic ;
ovules very large; ovisacs not separated by a sulcus; inner gills the
larger in front, free from the abdominal sac part of the way, all four
united to the mantle to the posterior end; mantle with a double border;
branchial opening large, with many crowded papille; anal opening
smooth; animal whitish.
+tHEMILASTENA AMBIGUA Say.
“Alasmodonta ambigua Say, Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1825, p. 131,—* FeRussac,
Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26.
“Margaritana ambigua KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 300, pl. xcr1x, fig. 7.—
“PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 173.
“+t Unio hildrethianus Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 36, pl. 111, fig. 8; * Obs.,
I, 1834, p. 148, pl. 101, fig. 8.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 196; * Biv. Shells,
1843, p. 196, pl. xxi, fig. 38.—* CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.
59.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 206, pl. Lx vir, fig. 8.—” SOWERBY,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxv1, fig. 192.—* BakER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1,
TSI; Do es Tonle Aves wilfere 21
* Margarita (Unio) hildrethianus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 28; 1838, p. 20.
“ Margaron (Margaritana) hildrethianus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 43; 1870, p. 69.
* Strophitus hildrethiana CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263.
* Baphia hildrethiana H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 499.
* Margaritana hildrethiana B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PasreL, Conch.
Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 173.
* Alasmodonta dubia FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26.
Ohio River system; north to Michigan; west to Iowa; south to
Arkansas; east to Tennessee.
1Dr. Tea does not mention this in his Synopsis.
°This species, the only member of the group, differs from Margaritana in the beak
sculpture, the thickening of the anterior end of the shell, in the want of muscle
scars in the shell cavities, in the color of the animal, and in having the gills united
to the mantle posteriorly to their ends, and the shell is not that of a Unio, as it
differs in the beak sculpture and the teeth. I regret that Lea’s well-known name
must be displaced for the obscure one of Say, who undoubtedly had this shell before
him when he described his Alasmodonta ambigua.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 43
674 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
Genus MARGARITANA Sehumacher, 1817.
(Type, Iya margaritifera Linneus. )
Baphiw MEUSCHEN, Mus. Gevers, 1787, p. 472.
Unio RETZIus, part, Diss. Ilist. Nov. Test. Gen., 1788, p. 16.
Unio OKEN, Lehrbuch der Nat., 1815, p. 236.
Margaritana SCHUMACHER, Essai Nouv. Syst., 1817, p. 137.
Damalis (LEACH manuscript) Gray, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1847, p. 196.
Baphia V1. and A. ApAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 499.' .
Shell elongated, usually arcuate, rounded in front, almost lacking a
posterior ridge; beaks rather low, the sculpture consisting of a few
coarse, parallel ridges, which follow the growth lines; epidermis con-
centrically striate, brownish or blackish; hinge teeth generally imper-
fect or not fully developed; two more or less perfect pseudocardinals
in the left valve, and one in the right, often reduced to mere tubercles;
behind these the hinge plate is narrow and rounded for some distance;
laterals short, usually imperfect or wholly wanting; cavity of the beaks
rather shallow; muscle sears large, those of the anterior roughened,
posterior elliptical; nacre generally more or less covered inside the pal-
leal line with small muscle scars.
Animal with very long gills, inner wider in front, free for the greater
part of their length from the abdominal sac, the two pairs united to their
posterior ends, which project backward for some distance unconnected
with the mantle; palpi very large, faleate, united half way posteriorly ;
branchial opening having crowded, often arborescent papillae arranged
in folds; anal opening smooth or crenulate; superanal opening not
closed below; marsupium occupying the entire outer gills.” I’oot and
abdomen small; whole animal dark colored.
+MARGARITANA MARGARITIFERA Linnzus.
Mya margaritifera ListER, Hist. Anim. Ang. App., 1685, pl. 1, fig. 1.—Hist.
Conch., 1685, pl. CXLIx, fig. 4.—* LINN.ZUS, Systema. Nat., 10th ed., I,
1758, p. 671.—* Da Costa, Hist. Nat. Brit., 1778, p. 225, pl. xv, fig. 33.—
* GMELIN, Syst. Nat., 13th ed., 1792, p.3219.°>—* LINN &US, Fauna Suecica, 1761,
p- 2130.—Kwnorr, Vergn., IV, 1769, pl. xxv, fig. 2.—* MULLER, Vermes, 1774,
p. 210.—PENNANT, Brit. Zool., IV, 1777, pl. xxi, fig. 18.—* Da Cosra, Hist.
Nat. Brit., 1778, p. 225, pl. xv, fig. 3.—* SCHROTER, Fluss Conch., 1779, p. 168,
pl.iy, fig. 1.—* Born, Test. Mus. Vind., 1780, p. 21.—* ScuROTER, Ein. Conch.,
1783, II, p. 606.—* Donovan, Brit. Shells, ITI, 1801, pl. Lx xt1.—* Monraau,
Test. Brit., 1803, p. 38.—* TurToN, Brit. Fauna, 1807, p. 146.—* Maron and
'The name Baphiv Meuschen has precedence, but was never described ; it was applied
to amiscellaneous lot of bivalves, and is in the plural number. Retzius’ first species
in Unio, the type of a section without laterals, is the U. margaritifer, but in 1792
Bruguiére in Choix de Mémoires, I, p. 106, fully and carerully redefined the genus
Unio, restricting it to species with cardinal and lateral teeth.
2 According to Van Wahl. I have examined a great many animals taken at different
seasons, but have never seen one gravid.
3 Refers to Conchylien Cabinet VI, pl. 1, fig. 5, which is the form we know as Mar-
garitana margaritifera.
NO. 1205 SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 675
Rackerr, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond., VIII, 1807, p. 40.—* Woon, Gen. Conch., I,
1815, p. 107, pl. xx, figs. 1-3.—* DILLwyn, Cat., I, 1817, p. 52.—* Turron,
Conch. Dict., 1819, p. 106.—* BincLey, Useful Knowledge, III, 1825, p. 245.
* Woop, Index Test. , 1825, p. 12, pl. 11, fig. 30.—* EaTon, Zool. Text-Book, 1826,
p. 216.—* WAARDENBERG, Com. Hist. Nat. Anim., 1827, p. 360.— “ Ciimnu, Bib.
Conch., Ist ser., I, 1845,p. 57, pl. Xx, figs. 1, 2.—* HANLEY, Ipsa. Linn. Conch.,
1855, p. 460.—* HANLEY (Woop), Ind. Test., 3d ed., 1856, p. 16, pl. 11, fig. 30.
Myamargaritifera testa ovali oblonga, ete.—* MOLLER, Zool. Danic, 1776, p. 245.—
* CHEMNITZ, Conch. Cab., VI, 1782, p. 15, pl.1, fig. 5.
* Baphia margaritifera MEUSCHEN, Mus. Gevers, 1787, p. 472.
* Unio margaritifera DRAPARNAUD, Tab. Moll. Fr., 1801, p. 107; Hist. Moll. Fr.,
1806, p. 132, pl. x, figs. 17-19; pl. x1, fig.5.?'—* GAERTNER, Vers. Syst., 1813,
p.37.—* OkEN, Lehrbuch, 1815, p. 238.—* Cuvier, Régne Animal, II, 1817, p.
473.—* C. PF&IFFER, Nat. Deutsch. Land und Suss. Moll., 1821, Pt.1, p. 115,
pl. v, fig. 11.—* Bosc, Hist. Nat. Coq., III, 1824, p. 189.—* Gras, Moll. Iseére.
Ap., 1840, p. 22.—* FRIELE, Norske L. Fersk Moll., 1853, p.53.
*Margaritana margaritifera SCHUMACHER, Essai. Nouv. Syst., I, 1817, p. 124, pl. x,
fig. 4. —* MICHAUD, Comp. Hist. Moll. Fr., 1831, p. 114.—* Scuotz, Schleis L.
and W. Moll., 1843, p. 135.—*TrRoscuEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., XIII, Pt. 1, 1847,
p. 270; vi, fig. 1.—* Moquin-Tanvon, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1855, p. 623, pl. xxu,
figs. 14-16.—* von WaaL, Arch. fiir die Nat. Kunde Liv., 2d ser., I, 1855, p.
118.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab., 1856, p. 293, pl. XXXVIII; XXXIX, figs. 2-4.—
*CHENU, Manual, 1859, II, p. 144, fig. 710.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Sw Nor.
and Den., 1873, p. 577.—* HARTMAN and MICHENER, Conch. Cest., 1874, p.
91, fig. 189.—* CLEssin, Deutsch. Ex. Moll., 1876, p. 449, fig. 293.—* B. H.
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, oe
* STEARNS, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, p.105.—* Locarp, Coq. de France,
1893, p. 149.—* von InERING, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XVIII, 1893, p. 155.—
* WESTERLUND, Act. Soc. F. and F. F., XIII, No. 7, 1897. p. 166.
* flasmodonta margaritifera CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p.72.—FERUSSAC,
Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26.
*Margarita (Margaritana) margaritifera LEA, Syn., 1836, p.45; 1838, p. 28.
*Margaron (Margaritana) margaritifera LEa, Syn., 1852, p. 43; 1870, p. 69.
* Baphia margaritifera H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll., I, 1857, p. 499, III, pl.
CXVIUl, figs. 2, 2a.
* Unio margaritiferus Rerzius, Dis. S. Hist. Nat., 1788, p. 16.—* SPENGLER, Skriv.
Nat. Selsk., III, 1793, p.52.—* Turron, Conch. Ins. Brit., 1822, p. 241, pl. xv1,
fig. 1.—* Nitsson, Hist. Moll. Svec., 1822, p. 103.—* TuRTON, Man. L. and F.
W. Shells, 1831, p. 19, fig.9.—* ? ANTON, Verz. der Conch., 1839, p. 15.—* HAn-
LEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 213; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 213.—*CaTLow and REEVE,
Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 60.—* ForseEs and HAaNLey, Hist. Brit. Moll., IT, 1853, p.
146, pl. xxxvit1.—* SowERBY, II]. Ind. Brit. Shells, 1859, pl. vir, No. 1.—
*TaTE, L. and F. W. Moll. Brit., 1866, pl. 11, fig. 15.—*Sowkrrsy, Conch.
Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXIVv, fig. 325.
* Alasmodon margaritiferus BROWN, L. and F. W. Conch., 1836, p. 112, pl. Xx1,
fig. 13, pl. xx, figs. 1-3.—-* THompson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., V1, 1840,
p. 197.—* Brown, Il. Recent Conch., 1844, p. 83, pls. xxx, figs. 1-4; XXXI,
figs. 1, 2; xxxul, figs. 13-15.—* Turton, Man. L. and F. W. Shells, 1857, p.
PAU [Oo OY, tess We)
* Margaritana margaritiferus WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 184.
* dlasmodon margaritiferum FLEMING, Hist. Brit. Moll., 1828, p. 417.
* Unio margaritifer var. minor ROSSMASSLER, Icon., Pt. 2, 1835, p. 19, pl. Ix,
fig. 129.
batavus Lamarck.
676 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
3 Dnio Fernie: KUSTER, Gonen Cab. 1856, p- 130, ais XXXVIII, XXXIX.—
* MOQUIN-TANDON, Moll. Terr. et rein. Fr., Il, 1855, p. 566, pl. xLvir.—* Nor-
DENSKIOLD and NYLANDER, Fin. Moll., 1856, p. 86, pl. v1, fig. 74.—* DROUET,
Nay. Fr., I], 1857, p. 57, pl. 1.—* HEssLING, Perl. und Ihre Perlen, 1859, p. 86,
pl. 1.—* JEFFREYS, Brit. Conch., I, 1862, p.37.—* Rrrve, L. and F. W. Moll.
Brit., 1863, p. 223, fig. 3.—* L. ADAMS, Coll. Man., 1884, p. 19, pl. 1, fig. 12.
* Unio (Margaritana) margaritifer SCHRENCK, Reis. und I’. im Amur-Lande, II,
1867? p. 700.
* Unio auricularius SPENGLER, Skriv. Nat. Selsk., III, 1793, p. 44. |
* Unio elongata LAMaARCK, Ann. saus Vert., VI, 1819, p. 70.'—Stark, Nat. Hist., IT,
1828, p. 90.—GRas, Moll. Isere Ap., 1840, p. 22.—Puron, Moll. Vosges., 1847,
p. 72.
* Damaris elongata LEACH, Syn. Moll. Gt. Brit., 1852, p. 322. j
* Margaritana elongata W ESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 185.—° Locarp,
Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 149, fig. 162.
* Unio elongatus NILSSON, Hist. Moll. Svec., 1822, p. 106.—* SOWERBy, Conch.
Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXXxv1, fig. 397.—* PareL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 151.
* Alasmodonta arcuata BARNES, Am. JI. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 277, pl. xu, fig. 20.—*C. B.
AvamMs, Thompson’s Hist. of Vermont, 1842, p. 165, figured; * F. W.and L.S.
of Vt., 1842, p. 165, figured.—* HrSssLING, Die. Perl. und Ihre Perlen, 1859,
p. 205.
* Mya arcuata EATON, Zool. Text Book, 1826, p. 222.
* 4lasmodon arcuata GOULD, Inv. of Mass., 1841, p. 113, fig. 75.—* De Kay, Zool. of
N. Y., Pt. 5, 1843, p. 197, pl. x1v, fig. 224.—* MIGHELS, Bost. Jl. N. Hist., 1844,
p. 395,
* Margaritana arcuata STIMPSON, Shells of N. Eng., 1851, p. 15.—* KusTEr, Conch.
Cab., 1856, p. 293, pl. XxxIx, fig. 1.—* Conrap, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI,
1853, p. 262.—* GouLp, Inv. of Mass., 1870, p. 174, fig. 477.—* Parr, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 172.—* H. CarRPENTER, Naut., IV, 1890, p. 35.
* Unio sinuata C. PFEIFFER, Nat. Deutsch. L. und 8S. W. Moll., Pt. 2, 1825, p. 33,
pl. vu, fig. 4.
* Unio roissyi MICHAUD, Comp. Hist. Moll., Fr., 1831, p. 112, pl. xvi, fig. 28.—
*GRAS, Moll. Isere Ap., 1840, p. 22
* Margaritana roissyi WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt.7, 1890, p. 186.—* LocarD,
Coq de France, 1893, p. 150.
* Unio tristis MORELET, Moll. Portugal, 1845, p. 107, pl. x11, fig. 2.
* Margarita (Unio) crassissimus LEA, Syn., 1836, p.40; 1838, p. 26.’
* Unio (CMlasmodonts) dahuricus MIDDENDORFF, Bull. Phys. Math. Ac. St. Petersb.,
IX, 1850, p.?; *Sib. Reise, II, 1851, p. 275, pl. xxXv1, figs. 3-5.
* Unio annenics Nine, L. and §. Moll. Sib., 1859, p. 26.—* HESSLING, Perl.
und Ihre Perlen, 1859, p. 202.—* WESTERLUND, Kong. Sv. Vet. Ak. Hand.,
XIV, No. 12, p. 74.
*Unio (Margaritana) dahuricus SCHRENCK, Reis. und Forsh. Amur-Lande, II, 1867,
p. 699.
*Margaritana dahurica KOBELT, Abh. Senck, Nat. Gee. me 1875, p.427.—* KOBELT,
Faun. Jap. Ext., 1879, p. 143, pl. xu, figs. 1, 2.—* MIDDENDORFF, Kong.
Svensk. Vetens. Ak. Handl., XIV, No. 12, p. 110.— “Pant, Conch. Sam., ITI,
1890, p. 173.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, 2: 187.
1 Lamarek ikea fine may be the Mya en eannnons of siinnccen ee is certain
that it is.
2 The figure looks like an elongated batavus, but Morelet afterwards acknowledged
that his shell was probaly a young margaritifera.
3The naked name crassissima was first applied to this by Klein, Methodi Ostraco-
logiex, 1753, p. 128, pl. x.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. Grad
“t dlasmodon falcata GOULD, Pr. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., III, 1850, p. 294; * Otia
Conch., 1862, p. 87;'—* U.S. Expl. Exp., XII, 1852, p. 433, figs. 545, 545a,
545).—Conrab, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 262.—Pa:rEL, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 173.
“Unio faleatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxv, fig. 390.
*Unio (dlasmodonta) complanatus MIDDENDOREF, Sib. Reise, 11,1851, Pt. 1, p. 273,
p!. xx vil, figs. 1-6.?
*Margaritana complanata WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 187.
*Unio mongolicus MIDDENDOREF, Sib. Reise, I], 1851, p. 277, pl. xxvu, figs. 7, 8.—
* TLESSLING, Perl. und Ihre Perlen, 1859, »). 203.—* SCHRENCK, Reise und F. im
Amur-Lande, IT, 1867, p. 699.—~ WESTERLUND, Kong. Sy. Vet. Ak. Hand, XIV,
no. 12, 1876, p. 74.—* PazTuL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155.—* WEsTERLUND,
Hammad ersten wloteedael S90 rape elt.
*Alasmodon yubaensis TRASK, Pr. Cal. Acad. Sci., 1, 1855, p. 30.
*2?Margaritana raveneliana CHENU., Man., 1859, II, p. 144, fig. 714.3
All Europe except the southernmost portion; northern Asia; Japan;
northern North America; Iceland. Its southern limit seems to be
about north latitude 40°. It appears to be entirely cireumboreal, except
that, so far as is known, if is missing in the central part of the North
American continent. Wetherby has suggested that it may have been
destroyed in this region by the ice of the glacial epoch. It is found in
the upper Missouri and in Canada Hast, New York, and the New Ene-
land States.
+MARGARITANA CRASSA Retzius.
*Mya testa crassa, SCUROTER, Flussconch., 1779, p. 182, pl. u, fig. 2.
“Unio crassus RETZIUS, Diss. Hist. Nat., 1778, p. 17.A—SPENGLER, Skriv. Nat. Selsk.,
III, 1793, p. 56.—* Scuoxz, Schleis., L. und W. Moll., 1843, p. 130.—* von
Wad, Arch. Naturkunde Liv., 2d. ser., I, 1855, p. 94.—*H. and A. ADAMs,
Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.—* DrovueEt, Moll. Cote d’Or., 1867, p. 101.—
* JORDAN, Jahrb. Deutsch. Mal. Ges., VI, 1879, p. 306.—* Drovurr, Mem. Acad.
Dijon, 3d ser., VII, 1882, p. 13.°—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 149.
'This is undoubtedly margaritifera, but in the types the young shells show laterals.
2T have no doubt that this is Wargaritana margaritifera L. and not Unio complanatus
Solander as Middendorff supposes. The specimens figured are terribly eroded, and
the hinges are in very bad order, but they do not show laterals.
’Numerous varieties as well as species have been made of this abundant, wide-
spread form. Notwithstanding its enormous distribution, the widest of any Naiad
known, I have seen no variation that seems to me to be worthy of a varietal name.
+Retzius’ description is in Latin, and consists of ten words, and as he does not
figure the species, it would be impossible to determine what he meant only for the
fact that he refers to the Flussconchylien of Schriter (Iya testa crassa, p. 182, pl. 11,
fig.2). Schréter’s figure is not a very good one, but I can have no doubt that he had
before him the large, heavy, black Naiad, with lateral teeth, found in southern Europe.
In general it closely resembles the M. margaritifera externally, but the epidermis is
amore dull black, the beaks are usually higher and more strongly developed, the
nacre is white, and it has fairly well-developed laterals. European conchologists
seem to have quite commonly mistaken heavy, large forms of Unio batavus for Retzius’
species, and in a number of cases the W/. margaritifera has been taken for it.
° Page 15 of reprint; I have not seen the original.
678 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
* Margaron ( Unio) crassus Lua, Syn., 1852, p.39; 1870, p. 62.!
* Unio auricularius SPENGLER, Skriv. Nat. Selsk., III, 1792, p. 54.—* WrsTER-
LUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 50. :
Unio rugosa PoiRE?T, Coq. Fluy., et Terr. de ]’Aisne, 1801, p. 105.?
* Unio sinuata LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 70.°?—BLAINVILLE, Man.,
1825, p. 539, pl. LXvil, fig. 3.—* DesnayeEs, Enc. Méth., IJ, 1827, p. 151, pl.
CCXLVItT, fig. 1; IT, 1830, p.579, pl. ccoxiviu1, fig. 1, la, 1b. —* SGANZIN, Mem,
Hist. Nat. Strasb., III, 1842, II, p. 8.°—* Puron, Moll. Vosges, 1847, p. 72.
“Unio (Potamida) sinuata SWAINnsoN, Tr. on Mal., 1840, p. 268.
*Unio sinuatus ROSSMASSLER, Icon., III, 1856, p. 22, pl. x11, fig. 195.—* GassIEs,
Moll. de l’Ag., 1849, p. 198.—* Dupuy, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 630, pl. xxm1,
fig. 7.—* ROSSMASSLER, Icon., III, 1854, p. 38, pl. LXxX, fig. 853, 853a.°—
*Moquin-TanpDon, Moll. Terr. and Fluv. Fr., 11, 1855, p. 567; II, pl. xLviu,
figs. 1-3.—* DROUET, Nay. Fr., II, 1857, p. 61, pl. 11.—* HESSLING, Die Perl.
and Ihre Perlen, 1859, p. 184.—*SoweErRBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, pl. Lx,
fig. 311.—* Pare, Conch. Sam, III, 1890, p. 167.—* Locarp, Coq. de Fr.,
1893, p. 151, fig. 164.
*? Unio litoralis C. PFEIFFER, Nat. Deutsch. L. und 8. W. Moll., Pt. 1, 1821, p. 117,
pleveitig. 1207
*Unio crassissimus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 209; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 209,
pl. xx1nj, fig.54.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58.
* Unio gargotte Putiprl, Moll. Sic., 1836, p. 66.—*RossMassLeEr, Icon., VII and
VIII, 1838, p. 26, pl. xxxv, fig. 493.2—* Drousxt, J]. de Conch., XXIX., 1881,
p. 25.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., IT, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 156.
Southern Europe; possibly into Asia Minor and southwest Siberia.
+MARGARITANA LAOSENSIS Lea.
* Unio laosensis Lea, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 190; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 63, pl. XXxI, fig. 61; ~ Obs., XI, 1867, p. 67, pl. xx1, fig. 61.——
* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xLvu, fig. 256.—* PaTEL, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 156.
* Margaron (Unio) laosensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 62.
Unio sula THEOBALD (where?).
Laos Mountains, Cambodia; Siam.
1Tt has often been impossible to determine what species has been referred to by
authors under the name crassus. In cases where they have cited this species from
the north of Europe I have no doubt that they either had Margaritana margaritifera
or Unio batavus before them. In those cases where I could not be certain as to what
was meant I have omitted references.
2 According to Moquin Tandon this is U. sinuatus Lamarck.
3Lamarck refers to Encye. Méth., 1797, pl. ccoxLViul, figs. la, 1b, which seem to be
the crassus of Retzius. Lea, who examined Lamarck’s type, says he had thought it
was the Margaritana margaritifera, but that it had lateral teeth. (Obs. I, pp. 35, 198.)
1 These figures look something like a heavy inflated Lampsilis alatus Say, but are
probably the crassus of Retzius.
‘Given to Sganzin by M. Fabert, chief of batallion of infantry, as having been
found at St. Paul in the Isle of Bourbon, but Sganzin very much doubts the locality.
Of course it was never found in the Indian Ocean region.
‘A magnificent figure of this fine species, and in a, which shows the hinge, the
laterals are plainly delineated.
7Dr. Lea is doubtful about this being litoralis, and I am sure it is not. It appears
more like M. crassus than anything else.
8Dr. Lea makes this a synonym of Pfeiffer’s elongatulus, which is, I believe, quite
near to U. pictorum. Rossmassler’s figure shows a shell very much like Margaritana
margaritifera, but it has lateral teeth.
.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 679
+ MARGARITANA HEMBELI Conrad.
* Unio hembeli CONRAD, Monog., X, 1838, p. 93, pl. LI, fig. 1.—* HANLEy, Biv.
Shells, 1856, p. 383, pl. xxv, fig. 3.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II
1857, p. 497.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, ‘pi. XXXIM, fig. 172.—
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* ParmL, Conch. Sam., III, 1390, p. 154.
* Margaron ( Unio) hembels Lra, Syn., 1852, p. 21; 1870, p. 32.
Louisiana; Burnt Corn, Alabama.
+MARGARITANA MONODONTA Say.
Unio monodonta Say, N. Harm. Diss., Il, 1829, p. 293; *Am. Conch., I, 1830,
pl. vi.—Suorr and Eaton, Trans. J1., 1831, p. 79.—* Conrapb, New F. W.
Shells, 1834, p. 70.—DESHAYES, An. sans. Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 553; 3d
ed., II, 1839, p.674.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist: ser., III, 1845, p. 12, pl. 1,
fig. 1. Gammon and REEVE, Conch. Nom., "1845, p. 61.
* Alasmodonta monodonta Bentacac: Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26.
* Margaritana monodonta CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila. VI, 1&53, p. 262.
*Unio monodontus SAy, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—* HaNnLEy, Test. Moll., 1842, p.
210; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 210, pl. xxi, fig. 48.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen.,
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.—* Kustrr, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 221, pl. oy,
fig. 1 eR. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Paoren, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,
p. 159.
* Margarita (Unio) monodontus La, Syn., 1836, p. 40; 1838, p. 26.
* Margaron (Unio) monodontus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 39; 1870, p. 62.
* Unio soleniformis Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., LV, 1831, p. 87, pl. x, fig. 17; *Obs.,
I, 1834, p. 97, pl. x, fig. 17.—*CuHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xrv, figs. 4, 4a,
4b; * Manual, IT, 1859, p. 137, fig. 661.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866,
ple xav, fic. 243.
* Margaritana soleniformis P@TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 173.
Ohio; Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems; Illinois; eastern
lowa; Nepeaia?.
+MARGARITANA DECUMBENS Lea.
* Unio decumbens Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p.40.—* Lra, Jl]. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., 1862, p. 87, pl. x11, fig. 236.—* Lea, Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 91, pl. x11, fig.
236.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LxxxuI, fig. 432.—*B. H.
WriIGHT, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) decumbens La, Syn., 1870, p. 62,
Alabama.
Genus UNIO Retzius, 1788.!
(Type, Unio tumidus Retzius. )
Unio Rerzius, Diss. Hist. Nov. Test. Gen., 1788, p. 16.—BrUGUIER™, Choix de
Memoirs, I, 1792, p. 106.
Limnea Pout (part), Test. Utr. Sic., I, 1791, p.31.
Lymnium OKEN, Lehrbuch, 1815, p. 237.
Elliptio RAFINESQUE, J1. de Phys. Nat. Hist., 1819, p. 426.
Mysca TURTON, Conch. Ins. Brit., 1822 2b 243.
I'This genus was described in a Sages by Laurentius Miinter Philipsson under
his master, Retzius, in the University of Lund, Sweden, and it is often credited to
the former. I am informed by Professor Joh. Chr. Moberg, of Lund, that by a
former law or custom of the university the professor was considered the author of
all papers which a student under him defended. According to this, Retzius must be
credited with the genus. This law was repealed in Lund in 1852.
680 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXI1.
Canthyria SwWAINSON, Tr. on Mal., 1840, p. 278.
Uniomerus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1253, p. 268.
Shell ineyuilateral, oval to elongated, rounded in front and pointed
or biangulate behind, with a more or less developed posterior ridge,
often becoming slightly arcuate when old; beaks only moderately full,
generally sculptured with coarse ridges, which run parallel with the
erowth lines, or are somewhat doubly looped, sometimes broken and
showing fine radiating lines behind; surface sinooth, slightly concentric-
ally ridged or pustulous; epidermis generally rather dull colored, rayless
or feebly rayed; hinge plate narrow; two pseudocardinals and two lat-
erals in the left valve and one pseudocardinal and one lateral in the
right, with rarely a vestige of a second lateral; cavity of the beaks
not deep or compressed. Animal having the inner branchie free from
the abdominal sac for from one-half to their entire length; marsupium
occupying the whole length of the outer gills only, forming a thick,
smooth pad when filled with young; gills united to the mantle behind
to their extreme points, or very nearly so; papille on branchial and anal
openings unbranched; superanal opening always closed below.
Section LYMNIUM Oken, 1815.
(Type, Unio pictorum Retzius. )
Shell generally smooth; beak sculpture broken, often somewhat cor-
rugated or pustulous; pseudocardinals compressed; beak cavities well
excavated, not compressed. Animal highly colored, anal opening crenu-
late or smooth.
(Group of Unio pictorum.)
Shell inflated, elongate, oval, anterior end angled above, swollen a
little at posterior base; beaks full, their sculpture consisting of numer-
ous slightly doubly looped bars which often become pustulous; poste,
rior ridge rather low; epidermis smooth, rather bright, sometimes
slightly rayed behind; rest periods well marked; pseudocardinals com-
pressed, often a little retlexed, smooth below, those of the left valve
partly united; muscle scars smooth; nacre whitish to salmon. Animal
the same as described for the section.
tUNIO PICTORUM Linneus.!
“Mya pictorum LINNAZUS, Syst. Nature, 10th ed., 1758, I, p.671; Faun. Suece.,
1761, No. 2129.—* MULLER, Vermes, 1774, p. 211.—PENNaNT, Brit. Zool., IV,
1777? pl. xu, fig. 17.—*Da Costa, Hist. Nat. Brit., 1778, p..228, pl. xv,
fig. 4.—*SCHROTER, Flussconch., 1779, p. 178, pl. m1, figs. 2, 4, 5.—* Born,
Test. Mus. Vind., 1780, p. 20.—*ScHRGOTER, Ein. Conch., 1783, II, p. 604.—
*“Oxivi, Zool. Adriatic, 1792, p. 95.—SturM, Deuts. Faun., VI, 1803, 2d ed,
p. 19, pls. a, b, cc —* Montagu, Test. Brit., 1803, p. 36.—* TuRTON, Brit. Fauna,
1Hanley says [Ipse Linnzei Conchylia, p. 27]: ‘‘More Uniones than one are pres-
ent in the [Linnean] collection, but upon the whole the U. pictoruwm of authors
[Rossm. Icon., fig. 196] agrees best with synonymy and description. The figure
referred to of Lister is U. pictorum; Bonanni’s drawing is more doubtful and was
pussibly meant for U. tumidus. The descriptions in Fauna Suecica and Systema are
brief and unsatisfactory and might suit either species alike.”
NO. 1205.
SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 681
1807, p. 146.—*MaTon and Rackerr, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond., VIII, 1807, p.
38.—*Woopb, Gen. Conch., I, 1815, p. 104, pl. x1Xx, figs. 3, 4.—* Dintwyn,
Cat., I, 1817, p. 49.—*Turron, Conch. Dict., 1819, p. 106.—* Woop, Index
Test., 1825, p. 12, pl. 11, fig. 26c; ~rev. ed., 1856, p. 15, pl. 1, fig. 26.—*?CHENU,
Bib. Conch., 1st ser., I, 1845, p. 114, pl. xtvu, figs. 8, 9.'.—* HaNurEy, Ipsa.
Linn. Conch., 1855, p. 460.
* Unio pictorum Rerzius, Diss. Hist. Nat., 1778, p. 17.—* SPENGLER, Skriv. Selsk:
Nat., III, 1793, p. 59.—* DraparNauD, Tab. Moll. Fr., 1801, p. 106; in part
Hist. Moll. Fr., 1806, p. 181, pl. x1, fig. 4.2—*GaERTNER, Vers. Kin. Syst.,
1813, p. 36.—*Mu.Let, Moll. Maine et Loire, 1813, p. 74.—* Brarp, Hist.
Coq. Paris, 1815, p. 226, pl. vim, fig. 1.—Brooxes, Int. to Conch., 1815,
p. 51, pl. u, fig. 12.—*Cuvirr, Regne Animal, II, 1817, p. 473.—* Kurgs,
Diss. Test., 1818, p. 45.—* Lamarck, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 77.—*C.
PFEIFFER, L. and Suss. Moll., Pt. 1, 1821, p. 115, pl. v, figs. 9, 20.—* Nis-
SON, Hist. Moll. Svec., 1822, p. 111.—* Bosc, Hist. Nat. Coq., III, 1824,
p. 139, pl. xxi, fig. 3.—* BLAINVILLE, Manual, Mal., 1825, p. 539, pl. Lxvut,
fig. 2.—*Croucu, Ill. Int. Lamarck, 1827, p. 16, pl. 1x, figs. 4, 4a, 4b.—
* WAARDENBERG, Com. Hist. Nat., 1827, p. 36.—* KLEEBERG, Moll. Boruss,
1828, p. 38.—Stark, Nat. Hist., II, 1828, p.90.—* FLEMING, Hist. Brit. Animals,
1828, p. 416.—*Goupit, Hist. Moll. Sarthe, 1835, p. 84.—* RossMass LER,
Icon., I, 1835, p. 118, pl. 11, figs. 71, 71a, 71d; ITI, 1836, p. 23, pl. x11, fig. 196;
VI, 1837, p. 55, pl. xxx, fig. 409; IX, 1839, p. 10, pl. xiv, fig. 587-590; XI,
1842, p. 14, pl. LV, fig. 741; XII, 1844, p. 30, pl. Lv, figs. 762-766; p. 31, pl. L1x,
tigs. 767-769.—* FoOURNEL, Faun. Moselle, I, 1836, p. 486.—* FLEMING, Moll.
Animals, 1837, pl. x1v, fig.51.—* Wyatt, Man. Conch., 1838, p. 67, pl. v1ul, fig.
6.—* Porro, Mal. Como., 1838, p. 117.—* TERVER, Moll. Terr. et Fluy., 1839, p.
39.—* ANTON, Verz. der Conch., 1839, p. 15.—* ? Gras, Moll. Isere., 1840, p. 71,
pl. 1, fig. 8.°—* Haney, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 205; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 205.—
*SCHOLZ, Schleis, L. and W. Moll., 1843, p. 127.—*CaTLow and REEVE,
Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 62.—* STABILE, Faun. Lug., 1845, p. 60, pl. 111, fig. 73.—
*MORELET, Moll. Port., 1845, p. 108.—* Brown, L. and F. W. Conch., 1845, p.
107, pl. XIX, figs. 1-4.—* Puton, Moll. Vosges, 1847, p. 70.——*SrEIN, Die Lebend.
Schneck., 1850, p. 104, pls. XXIv, xxv, figs. 1, 2.—* MIDDENDOREF, Sib. Reise,
II, 1851, p. 276, pl. xxviul, figs. 1-3.—-* LEacu, Syn. Moll. Gt. Brit., 1852, p.
234.—-* Dupuy, Hist. M. Fr., 1852, p. 617, pl. xxvi, fig. 20.—* ForBzEs and
HANLEY, Hist. Brit. Moll., II, 1853, p. 142, pl. xxxrx, fig. 1.—* KusrTEr,
Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p. 88, pl. xx, figs. 1, 2; pl. XXIV; xxv, figs. 1, 2.—
*MogQuin-Tanpon, Moll. Terr. Fluv. Fr., LU, 1855, p. 576, pl. u, figs, 8, 10;
LI, figs. 1, 10.—*von WauL, Arch. Naturk. Liv. Est., 2d ser., 1855, p. 105.—
“NORDENSKIOLD and NYLANDER, Fin. Moll., 1856, p. 838, pl. v, fig. 72.—
*“DROUET, Nay. Fr., II, 1857, p. 103, pl. vi1.—-* TURTON, Man. L. and I’. W.
Shells, 1857, p. 279, pl. 11, fig. 11.—*H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II,
1857, p. 491; III, pl. cxv1, figs. 5, 5a, 5b.—* SOWERBY, III. Index Brit. Shells,
1859, No. 2, pl. vi.—*Goopricu, Ill. Nat. Hist., II, 1859, p. 523, fig.—
JEFFREYS, Brit. Conch., I, 1862, p. 34.—* Brmuz, Faun. Sieben, 1863, p. 192.—
* REEVE, L. and F. W. Moll. Brit., 1863, p. 221, fig. 2.—* Tats, L. and F. W.
Moll. G. Brit., 1866, pl. 1, fig. 3.—* ? SCHRENCK, Reise und F. im Am. Lande,
II, 1867, p. 696.:—* KoBELT, Faun. Nass. Moll., 1871, p. 241.—* Wes1ER-
'U. batavus perhaps.
?Draparnaud gives figures 1-4 for pictorum. One and 2 may possibly be that spe-
cies, but they look more like batavus, and 3 is certainly batavus, while 4 is probably
pictorun.
3 Doubtful, may be batavus.
*It is very probable that the specimens from Amur Land and vicinity which have
been referred to U. pictorum are a smooth variety of Nodularia douglasiw Gray, a
species resembling it in form, but not at all closely related to it.
Saw
682 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. XU,
LUND, Pan SaeNe oud IDE; 1873) p- B74. Ln HMAN, hie Selneckou 1873,
p. 290.—* CLEssin, Deutsche Ex. Moll., 1876, p. 153, fig. 294.—* JORDAN,
Jahrb. Deuts. Mal. Ges., VI, 1879, p. 301.—* Drovurr, Mem. Acad. Dijon, VII, .
1882, p. 10 (reprint).—* L. Apams, Coll. Man., 1884, ce 18, pl. 1, fig. 11.—
* ? CLESSIN, Moll. Oest., 1887, p.723.—PareL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 163.
* Baphie. pictorum MeuscueEn, Mus. Gevers., 1787, p. 472.
* Lymnium pictorum OKEN, Lehrb., 1815, p. 237.
* Mysca pictorum TuRvTON, Conch. Ins. Brit., 1822, p. 245; ~Man. L. and F. W.
Shells, Brit. Is., 1831, p. 20, fig. 11.
* Margarita (Unio) pictorum LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 36; 1838, p. 24.
* Margaron (Unio) pictorum La, Syn., 1852, p. 36; 1870, p.58.
* Mya augusta subflava, ete., ScHROTER, Fluss. Conch., 1779, p. 184, pl. m1, fig. 3;
pl. iv, fig. 6.
* Mya nodosa GMELIN, Syst. Nat., 13th ed., 1788, p. 3222.1—* Woop, Gen. Conch., I,
1815, p. 110.—* Dittwyn, Cat., I, 1817, p.54.—* Woop, Ind. Test., 1825, p. 12,
pl. u, fig. 34a; *rev.ed., 1856, p. 16, pl. 11, fig. 34.—* Pare, Conch, Sam., III,
1890, p. 161.
*® Unio conus SPENGLER, Skriv. Selsk. Nat., III, 1793, p. 60.
* Mya ovalis DoNOovaN, Brit. Shells, III, 1801, pl. LXxx1x.—* Turron, Brit.
Fauna, 1807, p. 146.
* 2 Unio ovalis SOwERBY, Rec. and Foss. Shells, No. XVI, 1823, fig ~.—* ? REEVE,
Conch. Syst., I, 1841, p. 117, pl. LxxxviiI, fig. 1.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st
ser., I, 1845, p. 67, pl. xxiv, figs. 1-3.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 162.
* Mya nodulosa Woop (part), Gen. Conch., J, 1815, p. 106, pl. xxii, figs. 3, 4.”
* Unio nodulosa LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 78.
* Unio rostrata LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 77.—*C. PrEIrrER, Nat.
Deuts. L.and Suss. Moll., Pt.1, 1821, p. 114, pl. v, fig. 8.—* WAARDENBERG,
Com. Hist. Nat. Animalium, 1827, p. 36.—* Lamarck, Ene. Méth., II, 1830,
p. 586.—* MicuauD, Comp. Hist. Moll. Fr., 1831, p. 108, pl. xvi, fig. 25.—
*BRowN, L. and F.W. Conch., 1836, p. 109, pl. xx, figs. 1, 2; “Ill. Rec.
Conch., 1844, p. 82, pl. xxxu, figs. 9-12.—* PuTon, Moll. Vosges, 1847, p. 70.—
. CNY, Moll. Isere., 1840, p. 71, pl. v, fig. 21.
*Unio rostratus CHENU, Man., II, 1859, p. 137, fig. 658.—*WrESTERLUND, Faun. der
Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 104.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 166.—*“Locarp,
Les Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 207.—WESTERLUND, Act. Soc. F. and F. F., XIII, No. 7,
1897, p. 165.
* Unio manca LAMARCK, An.sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 80.
*Unio mancus DROUET, Moll. Céte Or, 1867, p.108.—* WEsSTERLUND, Faun. der
Ral iee tals oOspacos
* Unio limosus Niusson, Hist. Moll. Svec., 1822, p. 110.— * RossMassLER, Icon., III,
1836, p. 24, pl. XIII, fig. 199.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p. 80, pls. xxq,
XXII, XXIM.—* PasTEL, Conch. Sam., {11, 1890, p. 157.—* WeSTERLUND, Faun.
Pal., I, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 115.—*Locarb, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 211.—*WEsSTER-
LUND, Ag Soc. F. and F. F., XIII, No. 7, 1897, p. 166.
*Unio deanna MICHAUD, ont Hist. Moll. Fr., 1831, p. 107, pl. xv1, fig. 30.—
* ROSSMASSLER, Icon., III, 1836, p. 23, pl. x11, fig. 197.—* Gras, Moll. Isere.
App., 1840, p. 21.—* Brown, Ill. Ree. Conch., 1844, p. 81, pl. xxx1I, figs.
1-4; L.and F. W. Conch., 1845, p. 108, pl. xx, figs. 3, 4.—* LocarD, Coq. de
Fr., 1893, p. 210.
*Unio dubius FITZINGER, Syst. Verz., 1833, p. 119.
* Unio michaudiana DES MouLins, Actes Soc. Linn. Bord., VI, 1833, p. 27, plate.
* Unio longinostrs: ROSSMASSLER, Icon., III, 1836, p. 26, “al xIv, fig. 200; XI, 1842,
emnens SPS to Conan: Cabinet X, p. 347, pl. cLXx, fig. 1650, cath a is, ei am quite
certain, a young U. pictorum.
2T wo species are figured; figs. 1 and 2 are a heavy, inflated Chinese species; figs. 3
and 4 are no doubt pictorum.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 683
p. 18, pl. Liv, fig. 738.—*SraBILe, Faun. Lug., 1845, p. 60.—*DROUET, Mem.
Ac. Dijon, VII, 1882, p. 11 (reprint).—*WESTERLUND, Faun. der Pal., II, Pt.
7, 1890; p. 117.—*P&TEL, , Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 158.—*Locarp, Coq. de
Fr., 1893, p. 209.
SEDtanida sicula SWAINSON, Treatise on Mal., 1840, p. 282, fig. 58.
*Unio siculus HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1856, p. 383, pl. xx, fig. 19.—* PmrsEt,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 167.
* Unio arade PHILIpPiI, Enum. Moll. Sic., III, 1844, p. 49.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab.
Unio, 1854, p. 105, pl. xxviml, fig. 6.—* KoBELT, Icon., IV, 1876, p. 62, pl.
CXVHU, figs. 1146, 1147.—* DroveEtT, J]. de Conch., XXIX, 1881, p. 25,
*Unio dactylus MORELET, Moll. Port. , 1845, p. 110, pl. x1v vie 2.—* WESTERLUND,
Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 1, 1890, p. 111.—* KoBELT, Icon., new, ser., VI, 1893, p. 98,
pl. cxxx, fig. 1132.
* Unio mucidus MORELET, Moll. Port., 1845, p. 111.—* KOBELT, Icon., new. ser., VI,
1893, p. 98, pl. CLXxx, figs. 1130, 1131.—* P&TEL, Conch. Seviny, III, 1390, p-
160.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 111.
*Unio quinqueannulatus Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p. 93, pl. xxv, figs. 3,
4.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 165.
*Unio pallens KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p. 95, pl. xxv, fig. 5; xxvI, fig. 1.
* Unio viridiflavus Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p. 96, pl. xxv1, figs. 2, 3.—
*PaeTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 171.
*Unio petrovichiti KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p. 98, pl. xxvt, fig. 5; XXVII,
fig. 1.—* PmTEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 163.
*Unio maltzani KusrER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p. 106, pl. xxix, figs. 1, 2.—
*PamTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 158.
*Unio baletonicus KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 231, pl. Lxxvil, fig. 1.—
*SurRV-AIN, Hist. Mal. Bal., 1881, p. 98.
“Unio proechus BOURGUIGNAT, Rev. et Mag., XIV, 1862, pl. xrx, figs. 1-3; XV,
1863, p. 19, x1x.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 118.
*Unio actephilus BOURGUIGNAT, Rev. et Mag., XIV, 1862, pl. xIx, figs. 7, 8, xx,
fig. 3; XV, 1863, p. 20.
“Unio lateladantis GENTILUOMO, Bull. Mal. Ital., I, 1868, p. 54, pl. rv, fics. 1-3.
Europe generally; Siberia east to the Lena River and perhaps
. farther; south into Asia Minor?; Algiers?.
+UNIO PLATYRHYNCHUS Rossmassler.
*Unio platyrhynchus ROSSMASSLER, Icon., II, 1835, p. 22, pl. 1x, fig. 180; V, 1887,
p- 20, pl. xxiv, fig. 338:—* Porro, Mal. Como, 1838, p. 117.—* HaNnLry,
Test. Moll., 1842, p. 205; * Biv. Shells., 1843, p. 205, pl. xx, fig. 53.—* CaTLow
and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 62.—* KusTEr, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854,
p. 77, pls. XIX, XX.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icvon., XVI, 1856, pl. xxx, fig. 154.—
*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.—* PasTEL, Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 163.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 118.
* Margarita (Unio) platyrhynchus Lea, Syu., 1836, p. 35; 1838, p. 24.
“ Margaron (Unio) platyrhynchus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 36; 1870, p. 58.
* Unio fiscallianus KLEectacH, Atti. Soc. Ital., XV, 1872, p. 92.—* PFEIFVER and
Koss Lt, Mal. Blatt., XX, 1873, p. 92, fig.
Unio limosus * KOBELT, Icon., new ser., VI, 1893, p. 44, pl. cLv1, figs. 1024—1027.!
Central and southwestern Europe.
1 According to Kobelt in above reference, his platyrhynchus =the limosus of Nilsson.
Nilsson does not figure his species in Hist. Moll. Svec., but refers to pl. v, fig. 10,
in Pfeiffer’s Land and Susswasser Mollusken, which is plainly a Unio pictorwm.
Kobelt’s figures, the latter three certainly, are genuine platyrhynchus, which I
consider a perfectly good species.
684 _ PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX,
+UNIO PLATYRINCHOIDEUS Dupuy.
Unio platyrinchoideus Dupuy, Cat. Ext. Gall. Test, 1849;! * Hist. Moll. Fr., VI,
1852, p. 649, pl. xxvii, fic. 16.—? DrovEn, Nay. Er., Ul, 185%, p. 100; plats,
fig. 1.—Pa:1EL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 163.
*Unio platyrhynchoideus WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal.,-Il, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 121. -
*Unio platyrrhynchoideus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXX, fig. 358.
“Unio danielis Gassirs, Actes. Soe. Linn. de Bord, XXVI, 1866, p. 132, pl. 1,
fig, 8.—* WESTFRLUND, Faun. Pal., Il, Pt. 7, 1890, p. i110.—* Parr, Conch.
Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 150.—* LocarDb, Coq. de. Fr., 1893, p. 199.
Unio lardelianus Prccniout, Bull. Mal. It., 11, 1869, p. 163, pl. v.
South France.
+UNIO ELONGATULUS CC. Pfeiffer.
*Unio elongatula C. PFEIFFER,” Nat. Deuts., L. and §. Moll., IT, 1825, p. 35, pl. v111,
figs. 5, 6.—ROssSMASSLER, Icon., IT, 1835, p. 23, pl. 1x, fig. 182; XII, 1844, p.
AS Til, INA, wie, TNS Wl 187 19, + 42, pl. CLXu, figs. 1644, 1645.—PorRRo, Mal.
Como, 1838, p. 114.—CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 59.—
Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio., 1854, p. 104, pl. xxviu, figs. 4,5.—DRourET, Nay
Fr., II, 1857, p. 91, pl. vi, fig. 2—H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.
491.—SowkRBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxxv, fig. 451.—DRoUET, J.
de Conch., XXVII, 1879, p. 331.—*CLEssin, Moll. Oest., 1887, p. 735.—
* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 163.—* PasTEL, Conch. Sam., ITI,
1890, p. 151.—* LocarD, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 166, fig. 180.
* Margarita (Unio) elongatulus Lea, Syn., 1856, 1838, p. 24.
: Margaron (Unio) elongatulus La, Syn., 1852, p. 37, 1870, p. 59.
Central Europe.
+UNIO TUMIDUS Retzius.
“Unio tumidus RETzIusS, Diss. Hist. Nat., 1778, p. 17.—SPENGLER, Skriv. Selsk.
- Nat., III, 1793, p.57.--NiLsson, Hist. Moll. Svec., 1822, p. 109.—RoOssMASSLER,
Tcon., I, 1835, p. 117, pl. 11, figs. 70, 70a, 70d; III, 1836, p. 27, pl. xiv, figs.
202-204; VIII, 1838, p. 41, pl. xu, fig. 543; XII, 1844, p. 32, pl. Lx, figs.
772-778.3— * BRowN, L. and F. W. Conch., 1836, p. 109, pl. xxi, figs. 8, 9.—
*THANLEY, Jest. Moll., 1842, p. 205; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 205.—~ Brown, II1.
Rec. Conch., 1844, p. 82, pl. xxxu, figs. 5-8.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch.
Nom., 1845, p. 65.--* STABILB, Faun. Lug., 1845, p. 61, pl. 11, fig. 74.—* STxin,
Die Leb. Schnecken, 1850, p. 103.—* Dupuy, Hist. Moll. Fr:, 1852, p. 655, pl.
XxX vu, fig. 20.—* ForBES and HANLEy, ied Brit. Moll. ein 1853, p. 140, pl.
x1, fig. 1.—*KusTer, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p. 71, Ie XVII, XVIII.—
* MoquiN-TANDON, Moll. Terr. Fluv., I], 1855, p. 577, pl. 11, figs. 11, 14.—* von
Waut, Arch. fiir Naturkunde Liy., 2d ser., I, p. 115.—* NORDENSKIOLD and
NYLANDER, Fin. Moll., 1856, p. 85, pl. vi, figs. 7, 8.-—* Gray, Turton’s Man ,
1857, p. 297.—* DRovET, Nay. Fr., II, 1857, p. 110, pl. 1x, fig. 2.—*H. and A.
ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.—* SowERBy, III. Int. British Shells,
1859, pl. vil, No. 3.—* JEFFREYS, Brit. Conch., I, 1862, p. 32.—* REEVE, L. and
I’. W. Moll. Brit., 1863, p. 219, fig. 1.— ‘Runve, Conch. ious XVI, 1865, pl.
voreuied a Tee to the Bove hihont page > Raereena, I have not seen the paper.
2Pfeifter credits this to Muhlfeld in lité. It is a doubtful species, perhaps a
variety of pictorum, but is generally smaller, thinner, and more compressed, and is
rather more biangulate behind. Pfeifier’s two figures represent somewhat different
forms, but they may be the same thing.
3 Fig. 776 is probably a form of batarus.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 685
XXV, fig. 124.—* TaTE, L. and F. W. Moll. Brit., 1866, pl. 1, fig. 2.—* KoBEtt,
Faun. Nass. Moll., 1871, p. 239.—* Leuman, Die Schnecken, 1873, p. 292.—
* WESTERLUND, Faun. 8. N. and D., 1873, p.572.—* CLEssIN, Deuts. Ex. Moll,
1876, p. 458, fig. 299.—* Jorpan, Jahrb. Deuts. Mal. Ges., VI, 1879, p. 305.—
* DROUET, Union. Russ., 1881, p.9; *Mem. Ac. Dijon, 3d ser., VII, 1882, p. 12
(reprint).—* L. ApAms, Coll. Man., 1884, p. 18, pl. L, fig. 10.—* CLEssIN, Moll.
Oest., 1887, p. 738.—* PHTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 170.—*KoBeE tt, Icon.,
new ed., VI, 1893, p. 87, pl. CLXxt1tl, fig. 1115.—* LocarD, Coq. Fr., 1893, p.
212.—* WESTERLUND, Act. Soc. F. and F. F., XIII, 1897, p. 162.
* Margaron ( Uniaq) twmidus LEA, Syn., 1852, p.36; 1870, p. 58.
* Unio tumida C. PFEIFFER, Nat. Deuts. L. and 8. Moll., II, 1825, p. 34, pl. vn,
figs. 2,3; pl. vim, figs. 1, 2.—* KLEEBERG, Moll. Bor., 1828, p. 38.—* PuTon,
Moll. Vosges, 1847, p. 71.
* Mya depressa DONOVAN, Brit. Shells, II, 1801, pl. cl.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist
Ser., I, 1845, p. 71, pl. xxv, figs. 1-3.
* Unio depressus PasTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 150.
* Mya ovata DONOVAN, Brit. Shells, IV, 1802, pl. cxxi1.!'—* MATON and RACKETT,
Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond., VIII, 1807, p. 39.—*-Woop, Gen. Conch., I, 1815, p. 105,
pl. xix, fig. 5.—* Drttwyn, Cat., I, 1817, p. 50.—?TurRToN, Conch. Dict.,
1819, p. 106.—*Woobp, Ind.Test., 1825, p. 12, pl. 11, fig. 27¢; * rev. ed., 1856, p. 16,
pl. 1, fig. 27.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., I, 1845, p. 82, pl. xx xu, figs. 1-3.
* Mysca ovata TURTON, Conch. Ins. Brit., 1822, p.246; Man. Shells Brit. Is., 1831,
p- 21, fig. 12.—* Swanson, Treat. on Mal., 1840, p. 277, fig. 56.
* Mysca solida TuRtTON, Conch. Ins. Brit., 1822, p. 246, pl. xvi, fig.2; Man. Shells
Brit. Is., 1831, p. 22, fig. 13.
* Mya ovalis MONTAGU, Test. Brit., 1803, p. 34.—* FLEMING, Hist. Br. Anim., 1828,
p. 416.
*Unio ovalis Brown, L. and F. W. Conch., 1836, p. 101, pl. xvii, figs, 4,5; Il.
Rec. Conch., 1844, p. 82, pl. xxx1, figs. 12-14.—* Leacu, Syn. Moll. Gt. Br.,
1852, p. 322.
*Margarita (Unio) ovalis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 35; 1838, p. 24 .
“Unio muelleri ROSSMASSLER, Icon., VITI, 1838, p. 41, pl. XL, fig.541; XI, 1842, p.
Loa pl awh etion 139.
*Unio pictorum Brown, Ill. Ree. Conch., 1844, p. 81, pl. xxx1, figs. 8-11.
Northern and middle Europe; eastern Siberia.
UNIO TURTONI Payraudeau.
*Unio turtont PAYRAUDEAU, Cat. Moll. Corse, 1826, p. 65, pl. 11, fig. 65.2—* PHIL-
IPPI, Moli. Sic., 1836, p. 67.—*ROSSMASSLER, Icon., VII, 1838, p. 25, pl. Xx xv,
fig. 492.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 65.—* REQUIEN, Cat.
Coq. Corse, 1848, p. 29.—* Dupuy, Hist. Moll. Franc., 1852, p. 651, pl. xxvn,
fig. 17.—* PauLuuccl, Bull. Soc. Mal. It., V, 1879, p.107.—* WESTERLUND,
Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 160.—* Pa&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 170.
“Unio capigliolo PAYRAUDEAU, Cat. Moll. Corse, 1826, p. 66, pl. 11, fig. 4.—*Ross-
MASSLER, Icon., V and VI, 1887, p. 22, pl. xxtv, fig. 341; XII, 1844, p. 28, pl.
LVH, figs. 755, 756.—* Moquin-TANDON, Moll. Terr. Fluy. Fr., I, 1855, p. 574, .
pl. L, figs. 38, 4.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 146.—* Pare
Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 147.
“Unio capigliolo var. bondini Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 147.
' First described by Lister in Historia Animalinm Anglizw, 1678.
*This has often been confounded with U. pictorwm, but is generally more rhomboid,
higher at the posterior part of the ligament, and more plainly marked at the rest
periods than that species.
686 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
*Unio pictorum GUERIN, Icon. Regne Anim., II, 1829-1844, pl. xxvin, fig. 16.—
* BOURGUIGNAT, Mal. Alg., II, 1864, p. 292, pl. xxu, figs. 6-11.—* REEVE,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxv, fig. 125.
* Unio requientti MICHAUD, Comp. Hist. Nat. Moll. Fr., 1831, p. 106, pl. xv1, fig. 24.—
* ROSSMASSLER, Icon., III, 1836, p. 24, pl. x11, fig. 198.—*GRaAs, Moll. Isere, .
1840, p. 21.—* STaBILF, Faun. Lug., 1845, p. 62, pl. m1, fig. 1786.—* GasstEs,
Moll. Agen., 1849, p. 195, pl. 1, figs.4, 5.—* Dupuy, Hist. M. Fr., 1852, p. 652,
pl. xxvu, fig. 18.—* KusrEr, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p. 126, pl. xx1, fig. 7;
XXVI, figs. 1-3; Xxxvil, figs. 2-4.—* Drouet, Nay. Fr., II, 1857, p. 93, pl. vu,
figs. 1-3.—* Mousson, Coq. Terr. Fluy. Pal., 1861, p.66.—* DrouEt, Moll. Cote
@Or, 1867, p. 102.—* BenorT, Mus. Cat. Sic., 1881, p. 170.—* CLEssin, Moll.
Oest., 1887, p. 731, fig. 494.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 121.—
* PmreL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 165.
*Unio lobata Puiuipri, Moll. Sic., 1836, p. 67.
*Unio bandanit ROSSMASSLER, Icon., V, 1837, p. 22, pl. xxiv, fig. 341.
* Unio pallens ROSSMASSLER, Icon., XI, 1842, p. 13, pl. Lrv, fig. 740.'—* WESTER-
LUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 114.
*Unio hispanus ROSSMASSLER, Icon., XII, 1844, p. 26, pl. Lv1, fig. 747.—* BouR-
GUIGNAT, Moll. Peu. Con., 1863, p. 46, pl. xxiv, figs. 1-3.—* BOURGUIGNAT,
Rev. et Mag., XVII, 1865, p. 344, pl. x x11, figs. 1-3.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 155.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 139.
*Unio aleroni COMPANYO and Massot, Bull. Soc. Pyr. @’Or, VI, Pt. 2, 1845, p.
234, fig. .—* BouRGUIGNAT, Moll. Peu. Con., 1863, p. 49, pl. xx1II, figs. 1-3;
Rey. et Mag., XVII, 1865, pl. x1x, figs. 1-3.
*Unio rousiti DuPuY, Hist. Moll., VI, 1852, p. 653, pl. x vu, fig. 18.—* MUSGRAVE,
Phot. Conch., 1863, pl. 11, fig. 7.
* Unio valentinus ROSSMASSLER, Icon., III, 1854, p. 37, pl. Lxrx, p. 852.—* Bour-
GUIGNAT, Moll. Peu. Con., 1863, p. 45, pl. xxvit; Rev. et Mag. Zool., XVII,
1865, p. 343, pl. xx.—*WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 140.—
* PasrEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 171. ;
* Margaron (Unio) valentinus La, Syn., 1870, p. 52.
* Unio ardusianus MOQUIN-TANDON, Hist. Moll. Fr., II, 1855, p. 575.2—* WESTER-
LUND, Faun. Pal., I], Pt. 7, 1890, p. 109.—* Locarp, Coq. de Franc., 1893,
p. 205.
*Unio graellsianus BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Peu. Con., 1863, p. 47, pl. xxi, figs.
4-7; *Rev. et Mag., 1865, p. 345, pl. xrx, figs. 4-7.—* WESTERLUND, Faun.
Pall Di PtSi s90s spe tO:
*?Unio letourneuxt BOURGUIGNAT, Mal. Alg., 1864, p. 289, pl. xvu, fig. 47.—
*WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 58.—* Pare, Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 157.
*Unio courquinianus BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Peu. Con., 1863, p. 48; *part, Rev.
et Mag., 1865, p. 346, pl. xxu, figs. 1, 2.
*Unio siculus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXXx1, fig. 364.°
*Unio ravoisiert var. issericus KOBELT, Icon., new ser., I, 1884, p. 65, pl. XXVIII,
fig. 215,—*WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., Il, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 142.
“Unio alexandri KoBELT, Icon., Ist sup., 1895, p. 14, pl. m1, fig. 2.
Entire circummediterranean region.
1 Credited by Rossmassler to Parreyss. I do not know where the latter described
it or whether he described it at all.
2Moquin-Tandon credits this to a letter from Reynies, 1843, and gives a reference
to p. 5, pl. 1, figs. 6, 7, of the letter. I do not know that this was ever published.
He makes it a variety of requienii.
3This is Potamida sicula Swainson according to Sowerby. I refer Swainson’s shell
to Unio pictorum,
4
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 687
tUNIO RAVOISIERI Deshayes.!
*Unio ravoisieri DESHAYES, Hist. Nat. Moll. Aceph. Alg., 1848, pl. ovim, figs.
4-7.2-—* BOURGUIGNAT, Mal. Alg., 1864, p. 291, pl. xx, figs. 5-10.—* Px&Tet,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 165.—*WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890,
p. 142.
*Margaron (Unio) ravoisieri LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 48.
*Unio morcleti DESHAYES, Hist. Moll. Alg., 1848, pl. crx, figs. 1-4; cxun, fig.
5.—* KOBELT, Icon., new ser., II, 1886, p. 4, pl. Xx x11, fig. 228.—* WrsTER- °
LUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 141.—*PaTeEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p.
160.
*Margaron ( Unio) moreleti LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 60.
*? Unio maccarthyanus BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Peu. Con., 1886, p. 221, pl. xxxIv,
figs. 8-11.—*WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 57.—*PaTEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 158.
Algiers.
tUNIO MUSSOLIANUS Kuster.
* Unio mussolianus KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 244, pl. LXXx1I, fig. 1.°—
*Pas1EL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 160.
*Unio bourguignatianus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 189; *J1. Ac. N. Sei.
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 54, pl. xvin, fig.51; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 55, pl. x v1u1, fig. 51.—
“WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 178.—*PazTxEL, Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 146.
*Margaron (Unio) bourguignatianus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 39.
*Unio rasus La, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p.189; *Jl. Acad. N. Sci. Phila.,
VI, 1806, p. 50, pl. xvul, fig. 47; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 54, pl. xvi, fig. 47.—
*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 165.
*Margaron ( Unio) rasus LEA, Syn., 1870, p.58.
*Unio mosulensis Lea, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p.190; *J1. Acad. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1866, p.52, pl. xvit, fig. 49; *Obs., XI, 1867, p.56, pl. xvul1, fig. 49.
*Margaron (Unio) mosulensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 48.
*Margaritana mossulensis P@TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 173.
Assyria.
UNIO HUETI Bourguignat.
“Unio huetti BoURGUIGNAT, Rev. et Mag., VII, 1855, p. 332, pl. vu, figs. 1-4.—
VON MARTENS, Vorderas. Conch., 1874, p. 35, pl. vul, fig.54.—*P TEL, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 155.—*WrESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 171.4
Asia Minor.
1 Doubtfully distinet from U. turtoni. It is not quite so rhomboid as that species,
which is also found in Algiers, but I have seen much intermediate material which
hints at a connection of the two.
*The magnificent work in which this species with other Uniones was figured was
never finished, and no descriptions of the Naiades were written. The beautiful col-
ored figures are wonderfully characteristic and are accompanied by names.
* Credited to Parreyss in catalogue.
‘This is quite likely only a variety of the preceding, but seems to be thinner and
is more evenly elliptical. Von Martens believes it to be the same as Lea’s mosulensis.
688 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. --VOL. XXII.
UNIO EUCIRRUS Bourguignat.
* Unio eucirrus BOURGUIGNAT, Mag. Zool., IX, 1857, p. 20, pl. vii, figs. 4-6.—
* KOBELT, Icon., VII, 1880, p. 82, pl. cov1, fig. 2101.—* WESTERLUND, Faun.
Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 171.—* PaTeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 152.
* Margaron (Unio) eucirrus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 46.
Asia Minor. Probably a form of hueti.
tUNIO TIGRIDIS Bourguignat.!
* Unio truncatus SWAINSON, Zool. [ll., 2d ser., I, 1829, pl. x.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll.,
1842, p. 187; * Biv. Shells., 1843, p. 187.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom.,
1845, p. 64.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., IT, 1857, p. 496.—* SowErRBy,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXXXxv, fig. 453.
* Margarita (Unio) truncatus LEA., Syn., 1836, p. 21; 1838, p. 18.
* Margaron (Unio) truncatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 39.
* Unio tigridis BouURGUIGNAT, Test. Nov. Saul., 1852, p. 30; * Cat. Rais. Moll., 1853,
p- 77, pl. 1v, figs. 7-9.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 227, pl. Lxxvit,
fig. 1.—* KoBELT, Icon., new ser., II, 1886, p. 2, pl. XXXII, fig. 226.—* WEsTER-
LUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt.7, 1890, p. 175.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p.
169.
* Unio dignatus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 18638, p. 189; *Jl. Acad. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 51, pl. xvul, fig. 48; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 55, pl. xvu, fig. 48,—
*PHTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 150.
* Margaron (Unio) dignatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 39.
* Margaron (Unio). tigris LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 39.
Unio tigris FERUSSAC, manuscript. ”
*2Unio kisonis KOBELT, Icon., Ist sup., 1895, p. 17, pl. vii, figs. 2, 3.8
Asia Minor; Assyria.
UNIO PIETRI Locard.
*Unio pietri LOCARD, Comptes Rendus, XCI, 1880, p.500; “Arch. Mus. Lyon, ITI,
1883, p. 210, pl. xx, figs. 17-19.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890,
p. 170.
* Unio petroi Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 163.
* Unio lorteti LOCARD, Comptes Rendus, XCI, 1880, p.502; *Arch. Mus. Lyon, ITI,
1883, p. 215, pl. xx1, figs. 7-12.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890,
p. 173.
* Unio tristrami Locarp, Arch. Mus. Lyon, III, 1883, p. 209, pl. xx, figs. 15, 16.—
* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 170.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7,
1890, p. 170.
* Unio tiberiadensis LoCARD, Arch. Mus. Lyon, III, 1883, p. 216, pl. x x1, figs. 13-15.—-
*Pa&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 169.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt.
7, 1890, sp. 174.
‘Swainson gave the name Unio truncatus to this species in-1829, but that name had
been applied to a Unio by Spengler in 1793. Bourguignat credits this to Ferussac
manuscript under the name of Unio tigris.
°Lea credits this to Ferussac manuscript in museum at Paris. No description has
ever been published, so far as I know, though several authors have cited it and cred-
ited it to Ferussac. A specimen in the Lea collection which is no doubt authentic is
apparently a delicate young tigridis.
Young shells, and it is very hard to say whether they are tigridis or terminalis.
— Se er eS
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 689
* Unio prosacrus LOCARD, Arch. Mus. Lyon, III, 1883, p. 219, pl. x x1, figs. 16, 17.—
*WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 174.
* Unio axiacus Locarp, Arch. Mus. Lyon, III, 1883, p..242, pl. xx, figs. 20-23.—
*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 145.—* WESTERLUND, Iaun. Pal., IT, Pt.
el SQOs pn denO:
* Unio subtigridis Locarpb, Arch. Mus. Lyon, III, 1883, p. 245, pl. xx1, figs. 18-20.—
* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1899, p. 175.—* Pasrex, Conch. Sam.,
IIT, 1890, p. 168.
* Unio aremprosthus LocarD, Arch. Mus. Lyon, III, 18838, p. 246, pl. xx1, figs. 21-
93.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 175.
*Unio chantri LocArD, Arch. Mus. Lyon, III, 1885, p. 247, pl. xxu, figs. 1-7.—
*P TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 147.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7,
1890, p. 176.
Asia Minor.
UNIO ZABULONICUS Locard.
2
* Unio zabulonicus Locarpb, Arch. Mus. Lyon, III, 1883, p. 220, pl. xxu1, figs. 11-18.—
* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 177.—* P“# TEL, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 172.
*Unio antiochianus Locarp, Arch. Mus. Lyon, III, 1883, p. 249, pl. xxm, figs. 14-
16.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 176.
Asia Minor.
+ UNIO TERMINALIS Bourguignat.
* Unio terminalis BOURGUIGNAT, Test. Noviss., 1852, p. 31; * Cat. Rais. Moll., 1853, p.
76, pl. u1, figs. 4-6; *JI. de Conch., IV, 1853, p. 74, pl. 11, figs. 10’ 10’".—* Mous-
SON, Coq. Terr. et Fluv. Pal., 1861, p. 65.—* KOBELT, Icon., IV, 1876, p. 65, pl.
CXIx, fig. 115.—*PatrL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 169.—* WESTERLUND,
Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 174.
* Margaron (Unio) terminalis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 39.
Lake Tiberias.
UNIO GRELLOISIANUS Bourguignat.
* Unio grelloisianus BOURGUIGNAT, Rey. et Mag., VIII, 1856, p. 227, pl. Xt, figs,
1-4; Moll. Peu. Con., 1863, p. 74, pl. xx1u, figs. 4-7.—* WESTERLUND, Faun.
Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, pp. 140, 173.— *PasTeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 154.
* Unio lunulifer BoURGUIGNAT, Rey. et Mag., VIII, 1856, p. 227, pl. x1, figs. 5-8.—
*WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 177.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 158.
* Margaron (Unio) lunulifer Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 37.
* Unio jordanicus BOURGUIGNAT, Rev. et Mag., VIII, 1856, p. 228, pl. x, figs. 1-4.—
*Mousson, Coq. Terr. Fluv. Pal., 1861, p. 66.—* PareL, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 156.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt.7, 1890, p. 172.
* Margaron (Unio) jordanicus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 44.
Jordon River.
1All these so-called species of Locard, some of which he credits to the manuscripts
of Bourguignat and Lortet, have high beaks placed at some distance from the anterior
end, are wedge-shaped and more or less pointed posteriorly. I think it quite probable
that all of them, together with the next species, are mere variations of Bourguignat’s
old U. terminalis. Of course Locard has figured every possible variation and distor-
tion and called it a species.
Proce. N. M. vol. xxii——44
690 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, SXIL
UNIO ELLIPSOIDEUS Locard.
* Unio ellipsoideus LocaRb, Arch. Mus. Lyon., III, 1883, p. 211, pl. xx1, figs. 1-3.!—
*WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., Il, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 171.—* PasTEL, Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 151.
* Unio genezarethensis LOCARD, Arch. Mus. Lyon., III, 1883, p. 218, pl. xx1, figs.
4-6.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 153.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal.;
JO, IP iis To eNO), Wo LIA
* Unio jauberti LOCARD, Arch. Mus. Lyon., III, 1883, p. 248, pl. xxu, figs. 8-10.—
*“Pa#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt.
7, 1890, p. 176.
* Unio zabulonicus KOBELT, Icon., new ser., VI, 1893, p. 96, pl. CLX XIX, fig. 1129.
“Unio lortiti KOBELY, Icon., Ist sup., 1895, p. 14, pl. v, fig. 3.
* Unio kobelti ROLLE, Icon., Ist sup., 1895, p. 15, pl. vi. fig. 3.
*Unio pietri KOBELT (part), Icon., Ist sup., 1895, p. 16, pl. vi, figs. 1, 2.
“Unio herodes KOBELT, Icon., Ist sup., 1895, p. 17, pl. v1, fig. 4.
Lake Tiberias.
tUNIO DELICATUS Lea.?
*Unio delicatus LEA, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 189.—*J1. Acad. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 58, pl. xix, fig. 56.—*Obs., XI, 1867, p. 62, pl. XIX, fig.
56.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 178.—* Pa TEL, Conch,
Sam., III, 1890, p. 150.
*Margaron (Unio) delicatus Lua, Syn., 1870, p. 42.
Orontes River, Syria.
(Group of Unio littoralis.)
Shell rather solid, subinflated, rounded rhomboid, with a faint pos-
terior ridge, usually slightly biangulate behind and often becoming
arcuate when old; beaks prominent and full; beak sculpture consisting
of numerous rather fine, subparallel ridges or corrugations which are
sometimes a good deal broken up, and which extend well out on the
disk, but begin at the beaks as normal, somewhat coarse Unio sculpture,
sometimes with fine radial lines posteriorly; pseudocardinals rather
solid, subcompressed, smooth below; laterals straight or slightly curved;
cavity of the beaks rather deep; muscle scars distinct.
I have never seen the soft parts of any member of this group.
Quite a number of descriptions have been published of various nominal
species, most of which go into details as to the color of the different
parts, but do not give an atom of information as to real characters.
The animal is dark or highly colored, and seems to be gravid in sum-
mer, and no doubt carries the young in the outer gills alone. Gills
large, wider behind, inner the larger, especially in front; mantle thick-
ened at the edges; palpi very large, elliptical, rounded behind, hanging
at an angle of 45°; branchial opening large, strongly fringed.’
1] think this is a form of grelloisianus. Some forms of the latter are very much
like U. tigridus Bourguignat, but he says that it has roughened beaks while those
of tigridis are always smooth.
2I have only seen the type, a young shell, and its relations are doubtful. The
sharp, rather pustulous, beak sculpture, and the shining, yellowish epidermis are
like the pictorum group, but its form is peculiar. It may not come from Syria at all.
From a figure in Mal. d’Algérie, II, pl. xrx.
:
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 691
tUNIO LITTORALIS Lamarck.!
* Unio littoralis LAMARCK, Syst. An. sans Vert., 1801, p. 114.—* DRaparNaup,
Tab. Moll. Fr., 1801, p.101; “Hist. Moll. Fr., 1806, p. 135, pl. x, fig. 20.—* MiL-
LET, Moll. Maine et Loire, 1813, p. 74.—*BRaRp, Hist. Coq., 1815, p. 229.—
“CuUVIER, Régne Animal, II, 1817, p.473.—* Lamarck, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819,
p: 76.*—DESHAYES, Enc.. Méthod., Il, 1827, p. 151, pl. coxtv11l, fig. 2,—*Mr-
CHAUD, Comp. Hist. Moll. Fr., 1831, p. 110.—*L&a, Obs., I, 1834, p. 201.—*Gou-
PIL, Hist. Moll. Sarthe. 1835, p. 83.—*PuHILiprl, Moll. Sic., 1836, p. 66.—*Ross-
MASSLER, Icon., V, 1837, p. 21, pl. xxiv, fig. 340.—*TERVER, Cat. Moll. Terr.
et Iluv., 1839, p. 39.—*SowrERBy, Conch, Man., 1839, fig. 145..—*Gras, Moll.
Isere., 1840, p. 72, pl. v, fig. 20.—*HaNn_ey, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 201; “Biv.
Shells, 1843, p. 201, pl. xx1, fig. 13.—*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845,
p- 60.—*PuTON, Moll. Vosges., 1847, p.74.—*Gassins, Mol]. Agenais, 1849, p.
197.—*Dupuy, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p.632, pl. xx, fig.8; xx1v, figs. 5, 6,
8.—*ROssMASSLER, Icon., III, 1854, p. 37, pl. Lx1x, fig. 850.—*DRoUET, Nay.
Fr., II, 1857, p. 66, pl. m, figs. 1,2.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II,
1857, p. 493.—*Mousson, Coq. Terr. Fluy. Pal., 1861, p. 64.—*REEVE, Conch.
Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxu1, fig. 98.—*WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890,
p. 52.—*P £TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 157.
* Unio littoralis var. minor ROSSMASSLER (part), Icon., XI, 1842, p. 14, pl. Ly, figs.
743, ? 747.2
* Unio littoralis var. acarranicus KOBELT, Icon., IV, 1879, p. 40, pl. CLXI, fig. 1638.
* Unio littoralis var. pianensis KOBELT, Icon., VI, 1888, p. 48, pl. CLXIH, fig. 1648.
“ Margarita (Unio) litoralis Lua, Syn., 1836, p. 32; 1838, p. 22.
* Margaron (Unio) litoralis Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 34; 1870, p. 54.
* Umi litoralis var. wumbonatus ROSSMASSLER, Icon., XII, 1844, p. 27, pl. Lv1, fig. 754.
* 2Unio granosus SCHUMACHER, Ess. Nouv. Syst., 1817, pl. u, fig. 1.3
* Unio brevialis LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 73.—* Lra, Obs., I, 1834,
p. 200.+
“ Unio nana LAMARCK, An. sans Vert. VI, 1819, p. 76.—* Lua, Obs., I, 1834, p.
202.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 61.—* WESTERLUND, Faun.
IPelos JUL IP 5 USI 10); | Oe toto
* Unio rubens MENKE, Syn., 1830, p. 149.—* RossMassLER, Icon., V and VI, 1837,
p. 56, pl. XxIXx, fig. 412. :
* Unio subtetragona Micuavp, Comp. Hist. Moll. Fr., 1831, p. 111.—* Gras, Moll.
Isere., 1840, p. 21.
* Unio subtetragonus CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64.—* Dupuy,
Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 634, pl. xx1v, fig. 7.
‘Lamarck refers this in the Animaux sans Vertébres first to his Systeme An. sans
Vertébres, published in 1801, and thirdly to Draparnaud (Ilist. Moll. Fr.,1806). Dra-
parnaud published this species under the name Unio littoralis without a figure in the
Tableau Mollusques de France, 1801, which appeared, according to Moquin-Tandon,
about July 1 of that year. I do not know which has priority, but Lamarck refers
to a characteristic figure in the Encyclopédie Méthodique (1797), thus fixing the
species without a doubt, and as he is most generally considered its author I shall
eredit it to him.
2 Fig. 743 is a small U. littoralis. I think 747 is U. batavus.
5Only a partial inside view is given of two valves. Schumacher says it very
much resembles U. corrugatus Retzius, but is larger, and the teeth are very different.
I believe it isa U. littoralis.
‘Lamarck refers this species to the Isle of France. Sganzin states (Mém. Soc.
Hist. Nat. Strasb., 1840-46, p. 8) that the amateurs he consulted in that island
assured him that no such mollusk was found there. According to Lea it is Unio
littoralis.
692 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
“Unio incurvus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., LV, 1831, p. 97, pl. x11, fig. 27; *Obs., I,
1834, p. 107, pl. x11, fig. 27.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. x1, figs. 1, la, 10.
Unio draparnaldi DESHAYES, Desc. Coq. Terr., 1831, p. 38, pl. X1v, fig.6.—* Pa TEL,
Conch. Sam., ITT, 1890, p. 151.
“Unio pianensis FARINES, Ann. des Sci. Nat., IT, 1854, p. 118.—* MGLLER, Syn. Nov.
Gen., 1836, p. 197.—* Dupuy, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 635, pl. xx1v, fig. 4.
*Unio bigerrensis MILLET, Guer. Mag., 1845, p. 3, pl. LXIV, fig. 1.
* Unio bigorrensis LOCARD, Coq. de Franc., 1893, p. 153.
“Unio fellmani DESHAYES, Hist. Nat. Moll. Alg., 1848, pl. cviul, figs. 8, 9.—
*KusTEeR, Conch. Cab., 1856, p. 151, pl. xu1v, fig. 1.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen.
Rec. Moll., IJ, 1857, p. 491.—* Pa Tet, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 152.
*Margaron (Unio) fellmani LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 46.
*Unio barrandii Durty, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 635, pl. xxv, fig. 1.
*Unio astierianus Dupuy, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 636, pl. x x11, fig. 9. —* SOWERBY,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxxvi; fig. 461.—* WrsTERLUND, Faun. Pal.,
II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 53.—* Locarp, Coq. de Franc., 1893, p. 153.
*Unio cuneatus ROSSMASSLER, Icon., XIII and XIV, 1854, p. 37, pl. UXIx, fig. 851.—
*P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 149.
“Unio rhomboideus MOQUIN-TANDON, Moll. Terr. Fluv. Fr., I], 1855, p. 568, pl.
XLVUI, figs. 4,9; xix, figs. 1,2.—*BourGuiGNaT, Mal. Alg., 1864, II, p. 284,
pl. xvi; Rev. et Mag., XVIII, 1866, p.11.—* Locarn, Coq. de Franc., 1893,
p. 152, fig. 165.
* Unio rothi BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Nonv., 1863, p. 41, pl. xx, figs. 1-6; Rev. et
Mag., XVII, 1865, p. 337, pl. xv1.—* KoOBELT, Icon., VI, 1879, p. 40, pl. cxx1,
fig. 1639.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890. p. 166.—* WESTERLUND, Faun.
Pal., Il, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 59.
* Unio umbonatus BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Nouv., 1863, p. 42, pls. XxI, Xx11; * Rev. et
Mag., XVII, 1865, p. 339, pls. Xv11, XVUII.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II,
Pt.-7, 1890, p. 54.
* Unio subreniformis BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Nouv., 1863, p.43; Rev. et Mag., XVII,
1865, p. 340.—* KOBELT, Icon., IV, 1876, p. 64, pl. oxv111, fig. 1151.—*WESTER-
LUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 54:
* Unio ater REEVE, Conch. Icon., X VI, 1865, pl. xx1, fig. 19.
* Unio crassus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxu1, fig. 98.
* Unio valentinus SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., X VI, 1866, pl. X11, fig. 225.
*Unio mauritanicus BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Nouv., 1868, p. 317, pl. xiv, figs. 1-5.—
* KOBELT, Icon., II, new ser., 1886, p.5, pl. xxx1u1, fig. 230.—* WESTERLUND,
Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 56.
* Unio ksibianus Mousson, Mal. Blatt., XXI, 1873, p. 156; * Jahrb. Deuts. Mal.
Ges., I, 1874, p. 104, pl. v, fig.6.—* KonELt, Icon., IV, new ser., 1876, p. 65,
pl. CXIXx, fig. 1153.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 156.—* WrsTERLUND,
Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890.
* Unio jolyi KOBELT, Icon., new ser., II, 1886, p. 22, pl. X11, fig. 256.—* Pa: TEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 156.—*WersTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 57.
* Unio maccarthyanus KOBELT, Icon., new ser., II, 1886, p.5, pl. xxx, fig. 229.
* Unio letourneauxt KOBELT, Icon., new ser., II, 1886, p. 3, pl. XXxu, fig. 227.
* Unio lycicus ROLLE, Icon., 1st sup., 1895, p. 18, pl. 1, fig. 1.
Southern Europe; Asia Minor; Assyria; Morocco; Algiers.
+UNIO DELESSERTI Bourguignat:!
Unio delesserti BOURGUIGNAT, Voy. Mer. Mort., 1852, p. 77; Test. Nov. Saul., 1852,
p. 29; *Cat. Rais. Moll., 1853, p. 77, pl. 111, figs. 7-9.—* Rou, Mal. Blatt., 1856,
1 Approaches U. littoralis, and may be only a variety of that, but is not so elon-
gated.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 693
I, p. 57.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 150.—* WESTERLUND, Faun.
Pails, JUL Wethe ey TBO) joo ILA
* Margaron ( Unio) delesserti LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 46.
Syria.
+UNIO SEMIRUGATUS Lamarck.!
* Unio semirugatus LAMARCK, An. san. Vert., VI. 1819, p.76.—* DELESSERT, Rec.
Coq. Lam., 1841, pl. x11, figs. 6, 6a, 6b.
*tUnio emesaensis La, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, p.286; Jl. Acad. N. Sci.
ohare Vell S63 paso, ple exexexe to G80 Obs, XM S69 sph 14 lx xx,
fig. 68.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p.61.—* PaTrEx, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 151.
* Margaron (Unio) emesaensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 57.
t* Uniosimonis TRISTRAM, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865, Pt. 2, p.544.2—* Locarp, Arch.
Mus. Lyon, III, 1883, p. 239, pl. xx, figs. 1-3.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II,
Pt. 7, 1890, p. 60.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 167.—* KoBELT, Icon.,
new ser., VI, 1893, p. 91, pl. CLXXvI, fig. 11215 first supp., 1895, p. 18, pl. 111,
figs. 1-3.
*Unio luynesi Locarp, Arch. Mus. Lyon, III, 1883, p. 205.—* Parent, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 158.
*Unio galilwi Locarp, Arch. Mus. Lyon, ill, 1883, p. 206, pl. xx, figs. 10-12.3—
WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 60.—* KOBEL1, Icon., 1st sup.,
1895, p. 20, pl. vu, figs. 4, 5.
*Unio timius Locarp, Arch. Mus. Lyon, III, 1883, p. 207, pl. xx, figs. 13, 14.—
*P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 169.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II,
Pt. 7, 1890, p. 61.
*Unio rhomboidopsis LOCARD, Arch. Mus. Lyon, III, 1883, p. 239, pl. xx, figs. 7-9.—
; *“P2&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 165.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt.
7, 1890, p. 61.
* Unio rollei KOBELT, Icon., lst supp., 1895, p. 20, pl. 1v, figs. 1, 2.
*Unio trache KOBELT, Icon., 1st supp., 1895, p. 21, pl. vita, fig. 2.4
“Unio wagneri KOBEL?, Icon., 1st supp., 1895, p. 22, pl. vil, figs. 1, 2.
Asia Minor.
tUNIO HOMSENSIS Lea.
“Unio homsensis Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1864, p. 285; Jl. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1868, p. 249, pl. xx1x, figs. 63; *~Obs., XII, 1869, p.9, pl.
XXIX, fig. 63.—*Locarp, Arch. Mus. Lyon., III, 1883, p. 275.—* Pars,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155.—* WrsTERLUND, Faun. Pal. II, Pt. 7, 1890,
p. 62.
*Margaron (Unio) homsensis La, Syn. 1870, p. 31.
Syria.
1 Lea and Ferussac both referred this to littoralis after examining Lamarck’s shells.
I have seen specimens in the collection of the former from the Jardin des Plantes,
Paris, which are, no doubt, authentic, and which, I think, perhaps, are specifically
different from littoralis, being much shorter and more rounded.
2A specimen of thisin the U.S. National Museum collection, from Tristram, labeled
as above, is the same as Lea’s examples of semirugatus.
Published as Unio maris-galilwi in list in Comptes Rendus, XCI, p. 502; but not
described.
4Some of these approach very close to specimens of U. littoralis, especially to the
form called U. rothi Bourguignat, which I have placed in that species, and I should
not be surprised if there was an absolute connection between the short, rounded
forms of U. semirugatus and the longer rhomboid JU, littoralis.
694 PROCEEDINGS UF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXI.
UNIO PSEUDONYMUS Simpson.!
* Unio hueti KOBELT, Icon., new sevr., II, 1886, p. 22, pl. x1, fig. 225.
Euphrates and Tigris rivers.
t UNIO FERUSSACIANUS Lea.
*Unio ferussacianus La, Jl. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1868, p. 255. Footnote
to description of U. emesaensis.—* Lua, Obs., XII, 1869, p. 15. Footnote.
*Margaron (Unio) ferussacianus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 46.
Bagdad.
UNIO EPISCOPALIS Tristram.
*Unio episcopalis TRISTRAM,? Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865, p. 544.—Von MARTENS
Vorderas. Conch., 1874, p. 68.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p.
62.—*P TEL. Conch. Sam., If], 1890, p. 151.—* Koper, Icon., VI, new ser.,
1893, p. 89, pl. CLxxv, fig. 1119.
Orontes River, Syria.
tUNIO DURIEUI Deshayes.
*Unio duriewt DESHAYES, Hist. Nat. Moll. Alg. Atlas, 1847, pl. crx, figs. 5-8.2—
30URGUIGNAT, Mol. Alg., II, 1864, p. 288, pl. x1x, figs. 4-8.—* WESTERLUND,
Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 142.—* PareL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 151.
*Margaron ( Unio) durieut LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 39; 1870, p. 48.
* Unio sitifensis MORELET, JI. de Conch., II, 1851, p. 360.
Unio orientalis BOURGUIGNAT, Test. Noviss., 1852, p. 29.
*Unio bruguierianus BOURGUIGNAT, Cat. Rais., 1853, p. 78, pl. 11, figs. 54-58.—
* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 172.—* Paren, C. Sam., III,
1890, p. 146.
*“Margaron (Unio) bruguierianus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 44.
*Unio vescoti BOURGUIGNAT, Rev. et. Mag., VIII, 1856, p. 74, pl. 11, figs. 4—8.4—
* KXOBELT, Icon., IV, 1876, p. 66, pl. CXIX, fig. 1154.—*WESTERLUN -, Faun.
Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 152.—* PTE, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 171.
*Margaron (Unio) vescot LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 46.
*Unio schwerzenbachi BOURGUIGNAT, Kev. et Mag., VIII., 1856, p. 75, pl. viu, figs.
1-5.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 266, pl. xc, fig. 2.—* SOwEnBY,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xiv, fig. 241.—*KoOBELT, Icon , VII, 1880, p. 81,
pl. cevi, fig. 2099.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 95.
*Unio prusii BOURGUIGNAT, Rev. et Mag., VIII, 1856, p. 76, pl. 111, figs. 1-4.
* Unio damascensis LEA,°® Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863. p. 190; Jl. Acad.
1 Kobelt supposed this to be the U. hueti of Bourguignat, and figured and described
it for that species. It is, however, very distinct, and I therefore am compelled to
give it a new name.
2Tristram only describes this in Latin, and does not figure it; and as I have never
seen an authentic specimen I am obliged to depend on Kobelt’s figure, which agrees
well with Tristram’s diagnosis. These make it a large, somewhat sulcate form,
shaped like batavus, but more compressed and having a beautiful purple nacre.
3 There does not seem to be any essential difference between the Algerian and the
Syrian shells, which I have referred to this species.
4 Bourguignat says he has received numerous specimens of this from Drouet, labeled
U. turcicus Parreyss, but Parreyss’s names. were only in manuscript, and were never
published, and have therefore no scientific standing.
5 Only the type is in the Lea collection, and it appears to be a delicate specimen of
duricui.
_ No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON,. 695
Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 55, pl. xvul, p.52; *Obs., XI, 1869, p. 59, pl.
Xvi, fig. 52.—*PaTeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 150.—* WesrERLunp,
Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 178.
* Margaron ( Unio) damascensis Lua, Syn., 1870, p. 52.
* Unio orontesensis Lua, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 190; Jl. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., V1, 1866, p. 53, pl. xviul, fig. 50; * Obs., XI, p.57, pl. xv1u1, fig. 50.—
*“ WESTERLUND, J'aun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 178.—P TEL, Conch. Sart. SDE.
1890, p. 162.
* Margaron ( Unio) orontesensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52.
*Unio orphaensis Lea, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vee 1864, p. 285; Jl. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila , VI, 1868, p. 250, pl. xx1x, fig. 64; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 10,
pl. XXIXx, fig. Gt. _-* Wrst ERLUND, Faun. Pal. pO, 1th 7, 1890, p. 179.—* Paren
Conch. Sons ILI, 1890, p. 162.
* Margaron Gane) ouphachets Lra, Syn., 1870, p. 52.
* Unio mardinensis Lea, Pr. ivan Nat. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1864, p. 286; *Jl. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1868, p. 252, pl. xxx, fig. 66; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 12, pl.
XXX, fig. 66.—* WuSTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II., Pt. 7, 1890, p. 179.
* Margaron (Unio) mardinensis Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 53.
.
tUNIO DURIEUI var. KULLETHENSIS Lea.
* Unio kullethensis LEA, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1864, p. 285; * Jl. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1868, p. 251, pl. xxix, fig, 65; *“Obs., XII, 1869, p. 11
pl. xxIx, fig. 65.—* Wenn, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 178.
* Margaron ( Unio) kullethensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 53,
* Unio kallethensis and kullinthensis PasTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 156.
7
Algiers; Tunis; Asia Minor, Assyria; Southeastern Europe.
+UNIO SYRIACUS Lea.!
“Unio syriacus Lea, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 189; * J1. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 56, pl. x1x, fig. 53; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 60, pl. xIx, fig.
53.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., IJ, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 178.—* PareL, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 169.
* Margaron (Unio) syriacus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 35.
Orontes River, Syria.
UNIO BYTHINICUS Kobelt.
*Unio bythinicus KOBELT, Icon. new gone VI, 1893, p. 96, pl. CLXXIX, fig. 1128.
Asia Minor.
UNIO MICELII Kobelt.
*Unio micelii KOBELT, Nach. Mal. Ges., XVI, 1884, p. 182; Icon., new ser., II,
1886, p. 24, pl. XLUI, figs. 260, 261.
Tunis.
+UNIO EMARGINATUS Lea.?
*Unio emarginatus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 62, pl]. 1x, fig. 22; *Obs., I,
1834, p. 174, pl. 1x, fig. 22
'T have only seen a single, badly eroded specimen, the type, but it seems to differ
from anything I know. It probably belongs to this group.
2Lea’s only shell, the type, consists of two opposite, odd valves. One of these may
possibly be an elongated batavus, the other appears distinct.
696 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
“Margarita ( Unio) oie La. Sous 1838, p. 26.
“Margaron (Unio) emarginatus LEA, Seam, 1852, p. 39; 1870, p. 62.
Locality unknown. I have no doubt that it belongs Sonne nEne | in
the circummediterranean region.
+UNIO CARNEUS Kuster.
“Unio carneus KustTErR, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p.103, pl. xxviut, figs. 1, 2.—
*DrovuEt, Mem. Acad. Dijon, VII, 1882, p. 23, reprint.—* Parr, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 147.
“Unio gontierti BOURGUIGNAT, Rev. et Mag., IX, 1857, p. 16, pl. Iv, figs. 1-4.—
*WESTERLUND, I’aun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 67.
*Margaron (Unio) gontiert Lua, Syn. 1870, p. 44.
* Unio penchinatianus BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Peu. Con., 1863, p. 44, pl. xxv; * Rey.
et Mag., XVII, 1865, p. 342, pl. xx1.—* KoOBELT, Icon., IV, 1876, p. 66, pl.
CXIX, fig. 1155.
Southern Europe.
+UNIO BATAVUS Maton and Rackett.
*“? Mya pictorum GMELIN, Syst. Nat., 13th ed., 1788, p. 3218'.—* Donovan,
Brit. Shells, V, 1803, pl. cLxx1v.—* ? CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., I, 1815,
p. 114, pl. xtvu, figs. 8, 9.
* Unio pictorum DRAPARNAUD, part, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1806, p. 131, pl. x1, figs. 1-4.?
* Mya batava Maton and RackeEtTt,? Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond., VIII, 1807, p. 37.—
“Woop, Gen. Conch., I, 1815, p. 303, pl. x1x, figs. 1, 2.—*Diztwyn, Cat., I,
1817, p. 49.—* TurTON, Conch. Dict., 1819, p. 105.—*Woobp, Ind. Test., 1825,
p. 12, pl. m1, fig. 250; rev. ed., 1856, p. 15, pl. m1, fig. 25.
* Unio batava LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 78.1—C. PFEIFFER, Nat. L.
and Suss. Moll., Pt. 1, 1821, p. 119, pl. v, fig. 14.—* DrsHayEs, Enc. Méth.,
Il, 1827, p. 151, pl. cexnyin, fig. 3; Il, 1830, p. 584, pl. ceoxuvul,) figs 3:—
*WAARDENBERG, Com. Hist. Nat. An., 1827, p. 36.—* KLEEBERG, Moll. Bor.,
1828, p. 38.—* FLEMING, Hist. Brit. Moll., 1828, p. 416.—* Srarx, Nat. Hist.,
II, 1828, p. 90.—* Micuaub, Comp. Hist. Moll. Fr., 1831, p. 109.—* Gourit,
Hist. Moll. Sarthe, 1835, p. 83.—* FourRNEL, Faun. Moselle, I, 1836, p. 487.—
“Gras, Moll. Isere., 1840, p. 21.—*CaTLow and REEVE, Conen Nom., 1845,
p. 56.—* Puron, Moll. Vosges, 1847, p. 75.
“Mysca batava TURTON, Conch. Ins. Brit., 1822, p. 244.—*TurToNn, Man. L. and F.
W. Shells, Brit. Is., 1831, pl. xx. fig. 10.
* Unio batavus NILSSON, Hist. Moll. Svec., 1822, p. 112.—* RossMASSLER, Icon., II,
1835, p. 20, pl. vill, figs. 128, 1284, 128; III, 1836, pp. 28, 32, pl. xrv, fig. 205;
XV, fig. 214; V and VI, 1837, p. 56, pl. xx1x, fig. 414; XI, 1842, p. 14, pl. Lv, fig.
745.—~ DRONE L.and F. W. Conch., 1836, p. 111, pl. xv111, figs. 6-8; XxXx1, figs.
10, 11.—*? ANTON, Verz. der Conch., 1839, p. 15. SHANLy, Test. Moll. , 1842,
} Ghai refers to the figure by Chemnitz in Conchylien Cabinet, VI. This feue
is probably a light-colored batavus.
* Tig. 3 is certainly batavus, and figs. 1 and 2 may be.
* Maton and Rackett de not figure their species, but refer to several figures. The
first is in Ginanni, Opere Postume, 1755, pl. rv, fig. 17. This work I have not seen.
The figures referred to in Schréter’s Flussconchylien, in Chemnitz, and the Eneyclo-
pédie Methodique (pl. 248, tig. 3) are what we understand as U. batavus, the latter
being the one cited by Lamarck.
‘Lamarck does not figure his species, but refers to plate CCXLvil, fig. 3, in the
Encyclopédie Méthodique, which is the species commonly known as Unio batavus.
No. 1205.
SYNOPSIS OF THE NATAD EK
697
p. 195; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 195.—*ScHouz, Schleis. L. and W. Moll.,
1843, p. 133.—* Brown, Il. Recent Conch., 1844, p. 82, pl. xxxX1, figs. 3, 3a,
4-6.—* Dupuy, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 638, pl. xxv, figs. 14, 15.—*KusTrr,
Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p. 121, pl. xxx, figs. 4-7; xxx1vy, figs. 1, 2.—
*VON WAHL, Suss. Biv. Liv., 1855, p. 96.—* MoQuin-TANDON, Moll. Terr. et
Fluy. Fr., I], 1855,.p.571, pl. xurx, figs. 7, 8.—* Drourt, Nay. Fr., II, 1857,
p- 79, pl. vi, fig. 1.—*H.and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—
*BIELZ, Faun. Sieben, 1863, p. 193.—* BourGurianaT, Mal. Alg., 1864, p. 286,
pl. XIx, fig. 9; xx, figs. 1-4.—*“Sowrrsy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xi,
fig. 234.—* Bror, Coq. Fam. Nay. Leman, 1867, p. 49, pl.1x, figs. 1-5.—* Ko-
BELT, Faun. Nass. Moll., 1871, p.242.—* Leuman, Die Schnecken, 18738, p.
295.—* CLESSIN, Deutsche Ex. Moll., 1876, p. 463, fig. 302.—* Drovurr, Mem.
Acad. Dijon, VII, 1882, p. 18 (reprint).—* CLrssin, Moll. Oest., 1887, p.
741.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 74.—* PaTrL, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 145.—* LocarD, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 167.—* WESTERLUND,
Act. Soc. F. and F. ¥., XIII, No. 7, 1897, p. 162.
*Margarita (Unio) batavus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 26; 1838, p. 20.
*Margaron (Unio) batavus Lma, Syn., 1852, p. 30; 1870, p. 47.
*Unio batavi var.? ROSSMASSLER, Icon., V and VI, 1837, p. 55, pl. xxrx, fig. 410.
*Unio. nanus Dupuy, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 640, pl. xxv, fig. 16.—* Kone zr,
Icon., VI, 1879, p. 42, pl. cLxu, figs. 1642, 1643.—* Locarp, Coq. de Fr., 1893,
p. 154, fig. 168.
*Unio riparia C. Prrtirrir, Nat. L. and $. Moll., 1821, Pt. 1, p. 118, pl. v, fig
13.—* KLEEBERG, Moll. Bor., 1828, p. 39.
*Unio riparius SCHOLZ, eos L. and W. Moll., 1843, p. 129.—* WrsTERLUND,
Haun. Pal., Il, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 90.—* Locarp, ‘Coa de Er, 18935 py 164:
*? Unio crassus ee Hist. Moll. Svec., 1822, p. 108. __TAgsisuunserae. cons la,
1835, p. 19, pl. vitt, figs. 126, 1272; V and VI, 1837, p. 55, pl. XXXIX, fig. 411.—
Moquin-Tanpon, Moll. Terr. and Fluv. Fr., II, 1855, p.570; III, pl. xurx,
figs. 3, 4.—* NORDENSKIOLD and NYLANDER, Fin. Moll., 1856, p. 84, pl. v1,
fie. 72.—* DrovurET, Nay. Fr., II, 1857, p. 76, pl. 1v, ig. 2.—* WrstERLUND,
Faun. Sw., N. and Den., 1873, p. 569.*—* Locarp, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 162,
fig. 176.—* WESTERLUND, Acta Soc. I. and F. F., XIII, No. 7, 1897, p. 159.
~*Unio crassus variety batavus JORDAN, Jahrb. Deuts. Mal. Ges., VI, 1879, p. 307.
*Unio ater Niusson, Hist. Moll. Svec., 1822, p. 107.—*RossMassLeEr, Icon., IT,
1835, p. 23, pl. 1x, fig. 183; VII and VIII, 1838, p. 41, XL, fig. 543.—*Scnorz,
Schleis. L. and I’. W. Moll., 1843, p. 131.—* KustTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854,
p. 114, pl. xx, figs.1, 2, 6; xxx, figs. 1-4.—* Moguin-TaNnpon, Moll.
Yerr. et Fluv. Fr., 11, 1855, p. 570, pl. XLIx, figs. 5, 6.—*DRovuET, Nay. Fr.,
Il, 1857, p. 72, pl. 1v, fig. 1; Mem. Acad. Dijon, VII, 1882, p. 14 (reprint).—
*WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 65.—*Pa:TEL, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 145.—*LocaRp, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 176.—*WESTERLUND, Act. Soc.
15 NCL INS Io, ROOIE IN@s We UN, Wwe Wed
*Unio atra DESHAYES, Encye. Meth., II, 1830, p. 582.
Unio rugatus MENKE, Syn. Moll., 1828, p. 90.—*RossmMass.LER, Icon., V and VI,
IcsI1G) Dp (5 OIG o-abs<5) 1ilfers 415.
*Unio elongata MicHAUD, Comp. Hist. Moll. Fr., 1831, p. 118, pl. xv1, fig. 29.
*Unio labacensis ROSSMASSLER, Icon., JOG, ake. 5) Zale
‘Nilsson claims that this is Retzius’ species, and that it is found in the rivers of
Sweden.
His Latin description is so brief that nothing can be made out of it. I
have no doubt that he had Unio batavus before him when he wrote it.
21 believe that this is a rather large batavus and the figures are almost exactly like
those he gives of that species.
°Claimed to be crassus of Retzius, but he gives U. ater of Nilsson as one variety
and batavus Lamarck as another.
698 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
*Unio decurvatus ROSSMASSLEI aan, ni 1835, p. 22; ple ix tig. 1311; VW and! Vil;
1837, p. 21, pl. xxtv, fig. 339.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 108, pl.
xxx, figs. 1, 2.—*MusGrave, Phot. Conch., 1863, pl. 11, fig. 4.—SowEnrby,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pl. LVt, fig. 284.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7,
1890, p. 92.—Pa&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 150.
*Unio reniformis ROSSMASSLER, Icon., IIT, 1836, p. 31, pl. XV, fig. 213.—* SCHOLZ,
Schleis, L. and W. Moll., 1843, p. 1582.—* KustTr1 , Conch: Cab. Unio, 1854,
* p. 110, pl. xxx, figs. 3, 4.—* BOURGUIGNAT, Roe et Mag., 1865, pl. xx111,
figs. 4-6.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, DL UNS, eho 371.—* Wrst-
ERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, P 80.—* Locanp, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 161.
* Unio carinthiacus ROSERIASETOR, Icon., III, 1836, p. 30, pl. xv, fig. 309. 1_* Sow-
ERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1856, pl. xxx, fig. 157; ~P#rsL, Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 147. ATL @eATe, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p.- 167.
“Unio amnicus ROSSMASSLER, Icon., III, 1836, p. 31, pl. xv, fig. 212.—* KusrER,
Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 99, pl. xxvul, fig. 2.—*DRovurtT, Mem. Acad.
Dijon, VIII, 1882, p. 22 (reprint).—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890,
p. 89.—* Locarp, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 163, fig. 177.
* Unio piscinalis ROSSMASSLER, Icon., III, 1836, p. 30, pl. xv, fig. 210.—* LOcARD,
Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 160.
* Unio atrovirens ROSSMASSLER, Icon., III, 1836, p. 28, pl. xv, figs. 206, 207.—
ScumiptT, Bull. Imp. Soc. N. H. Moscow, 1840, p.
“Unio consentaneus ROSSMASSLER, Icon., III, 1836, p. 29, pl. xv, fig. 208; VII, 1838,
p. 25, pl. XxxvV, fig. 491; p. 42, xu, fig. 544; XI, 1842, p. 14, pl: Lv., fig. 742,
* Unio fusculus ROSSMASSLER, Icon., III, 1836, p. 30, pl. xv, fig. sD oni,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 153.—* Locarp, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 159, fig. 173.
“Unio? ROSSMASSLER, Icon., III, 1836, p. 27, pl. xiv, fig. 201.
* Unio stevenianus DROUET, Unionide Russ., 1881, p. 14;? Jl. de Conch., XXIX, 1881,
p- 24; Supp. Un. Serbie, 1884, pls. 1, 11.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7,
1890, p. 66.—* KoBELT (part), Icon., new ser., II, 1886, p. 38, pl. Lu, fig. 281.°
*Unio bandini KustErR, Icon., V and VI, 1837, p. 22, pl. xxtv, fig. 341.
*Unio glaucinus PoRRO, Mal. Como., 1838, p. 115.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch.
Nom., 1845, p.59.—*STABILE, Faun. Lug., 1845, p. 61, pl. m1, fig. 75.—* KOBELT,
Icon., new ser., II, 1886, p. 19, pl. XL, fig. 251.—*Pa:TEL, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 154.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 90.
*Unio gargotte ROSSMASSLER, Icon., VII, 1838, p. 26, pl. Xxxv, fig. 493.—* Mon-
TEROSATO, Nat. Sic., new ser., 1896, p. 6, fig. 1.
? Unio corrugata MANDUYT, Moll., Vienna, 1839, p. 8.
? Unio rotundata MANDUYT, Moll., Vienna, 1839, p. 9.4
?Unio gangrenosus SCHMIDT, Bull. Imp. N. H. Moscow, 1840, p. .—* Kuster,
Conch. Cab. Unio., 1854, p. 124, pl. xxx1v, figs. 3, 4.—* WESTERLUND, Faun.
Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 81.—* P&# TE, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 153.
Unio pruinosus SCHMIDT, Bull Soc. Nat. Mose., 1840, p. 445.—* Drougt, Jl. de
Conch., X XIX, 1881, p. 248; *Mem. Acad. Dijon, VII, 1882, p. 21 (reprint).—
*PxATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 164.—* WerEsTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II,
t. 7, 1890, p. 82.—* LocaRD, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 160.
*Unio littoralis var. minor ROSSMASSLER (part), Icon., XI, 1842, p. 14, pl. Ly,
fig. 744.
1Rossmassler credits this and several other species to Zeigler. So far as I am
able to learn these are mere manuscript names. Neither Moquin Tandon or Locard.
give Zeigler as an author in their bibliographies of writers on French mollusks, and
Lea refers only to his manuscript. I have not seen his Systematisches Verzeichniss.
2Generally credited to Krinické, who published the naked name in Bull. Nat. Mosce.,
1857.
3 Fig, 280, said to be this, is probably U. twmidus.
4 Both these species of Manduyt are batavus? according to Moquin Tandon.
> fa
pili xe
—— tT D
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADE
SIMPSON. 699
* Unio manca MILLET, Guer. Mag., 1843, p. 4, pl. LXIv, fig. 2.
*Unio mancus Dupuy, Hist. M. Fr., 1852, p. 642, pl. xxv1, fig. 17.—*Locarp, Coq.
Fr., 1893, p. 156, fig. 170.
*Unio moquinianus Dupuy, Moll. Gers., 1843, p. 89, pl.—* RossMaAssLER,
Icon., XII, 1844, p. 31, pl. tix, fig. 769.—*KustErR, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p.
100, pl. xxvu1, figs. 3, 4, 5.—* Dupuy, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 644, pl. xxv1,
fig. 18.—* Moquin-TANDOn, Moll. Terr. and Fluy. Fr., 1855, p. 573, pl. 1, figs.
1, 2.—* Dupuy, Rev. et Mag., VIII, 1856, p. 75.—* DrouET, Nay. Fr., II,
1857, p. 88, pl. vi, fig. 3.—* PasrTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 159.—* Wustrr-
LUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 146.—* Locarpb, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p.179.
*Unio requient ROSSMASSLER, Icon., XII, 1844, p. 29, pl. Lvu, figs. 757-761.—
* KUSTER (part), Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 126, pl. xx xvV1, fig. 2.! —* Moquin-
~Tanpon, Moll. Terr. et Fluv. Fr., II, 1855, p. 574, pl. u, figs. 5-7.—* KoBE.T,
Jcon., VI, 1879, p. 43, pl. crxim, fig. 1647.—* Locarp, Coq. de Fr., 1893,
p. 190.
*Unio sandri RASSMASSLER, Icon., XII, 1844, p. 26, pl. Lv1, figs. 748-750.—* KusTER,
Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 101, pl. Xx vU, figs. 6, 7.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon.,
XVI, 1868, pl. Lxx1x, fig. 413.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 166.—
* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 93.
2 Unio aleront COMPANYO and Massor, Bull. Soc. Agr. Sc. Pyr. d’Or, VI, Pt. 2, 1845,
p. 234, fig. 2.—* KOBELT, Icon., IV, 1876, p. 64, pl. cx vim, fig. 1150.2
Unio badius KOKEIL, Mich. Comp., 1851, pl. Xv1, fig. 36.—*CarLow and REEVE,
Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 56.—KoxkEIL, Gallenst. Kiirnt. Conch., 1852, p. ?.°
*? Unio wolwichtti MORELET, Moll. Port., 1845, p. 105, pl. x11, fig. 1.
Unio jacquemini Dupuy, Cat. Ext. Gall. Test., 1849, No. 328.—*Dupuy, Hist. M.
Pr., 1852, p. 643, pl. xxv, fig. 17.—*KoBELT, Icon., VI, 1879, p. 42, pl. cuxm,
fig. 1641.—*WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 128.——*Locarp,
Coq. Fr., 1893, p. 188.
Unio droueti Dupuy, Cat. Ext. Gal. Test., 1849, No. 327; Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852,
p. 639, pl. xxv, fig. 14.
Unio philippi Dupuy, Cat. Ext. Gal. Test., 1849, No. 335; Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852,
p. 654, pl. xxvint, fig. 19.
*Unio ovalis Dupuy, Hist Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 637, pl. xxv. fig. 18.
*Unio spinellii Vitus, in Moll. Bres., 1852, p. 50, fig. D.
*Unio moulinsiana Dupuy, Hist. Moll. Fr., VI, 1852, p. 640, pl. xxrv, fig. 10.—
*MOQUIN-TANDON, Hist. Moll. Fr., II, 1855, p. 572.—*Locarp, Coq. de Fr.,
1898, p. 152.
*2 Unio petterianus KusTER, Conch. Cab., 1854, p. 97, pl. xxvil, fig. 4.—*H. and A.
ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—*Pa TEL, C. Sam., ILI, 1890, p. 163.—
*“WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 115.
*Margaron (Unio) petterianus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 31, 1870, p. 49.
“Unio capigliolo KusTER (part), Conch. Cah. Unio, 1854, p. 125, pl. xxx1v, figs.
5, 6.—*SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxv, fig. 392.—*Duruy,
Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 645, pl. xxvi, fig. 19.
* Unio heldi KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p. 111, pl. xxx, figs. 5-7.—*DrRouEtT,
Jl. de Conch., XXIX, 1881, p. 26.—*WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7,
1890, p. 80.
*Unio lucurians KustTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p. 119, pl. xxxu1, fig.5.—* WEsT-
ERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 94.—* Parr, C. Sam., III, 1890, p. 158.
'Kuster gives several figures of what he supposes are requieni. Part of them are
turtoni, and one is possibly elongatulus Pfeifter.
2 Tt is hard to tell just what this is. Itis probably a delicate, rather compressed
batarus.
°> According to Lea and Westerlund this = batavus.
700 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. | VOL. XXI1.
“Unio brevirostris KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p.120, pl. xxx1m, figs. 1-3.—
*WrSTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 96.
* Unio natolicus KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 144, pl. xxi, fig. 4..
* Unio turcicus KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 267, pl. xc, figs. 3, 4.
*Unio merdiger REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxvi1l, fig. 145.)
Kurope; Asia Minor; Northwest Africa.
Section LAPIDOSUS Simpson, 1900,
(Type, Unio lapidosus Kobelt.?)
Shell inequilateral, subtriangular ovate, large, solid, slightly inflated,
with a double posterior ridge, biangulate behind; beaks high, sculpture
not seen; disks strongly, irregularly suleate; epidermis olive; three
thick pseudocardinals in the right valve and two in the left; laterals
strong; anterior muscle scars deep, tripartite; posterior scars deep,
distinet; nacre rosy white, irridescent behind. Animal unknown.
UNIO LAPIDOSUS Kobelt.
*Unio lapidosus KOBELT, Nach Deuts. Mal. Ges., 1895, p. 151; *“Icon., new ed.,
VI, 1893, p. 90, pl. cLxxv1, fig. 1120.—* Droukt, J]. de Conch., XLIII, 1895,
p. 32.
Euphrates River.
Section ELLIPTIO Rafinesque, 1819.
(Type, Unio crassidens Lamarck.)
Shell elongated, rhomboid or oval, usually more or less biangulate
behind; beak sculpture consisting of a few rather strong ridges, which
are nearly parallel to the growth lines or slightly doubly looped; the.
surface smooth or teebly corrugated.
(Group of Unio coloratus.)
Shell somewhat rhomboid, solid, slightly biangulate behind, rather
compressed, more or less sculptured with concentric suleations; beaks
moderately prominent, their sculpture unknown; epidermis brownish;
teeth strong; laterals rather club-shaped; nacre white or purple. Ani-
mal unknown.
?+ UNIO COLORATUS Charpentier.
* Unio coloratus CHARPENTIER, in Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 155, pl. xiv,
fig. 6.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148.—*FiscHER and CROSSE,
Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 599.
Medellin River, Vera Cruz, Mexico.
‘Credited to Jay’s Catalogue, in which it is not described, but is credited to
Waltz.
2This striking shell differs very much from any of the circummediterranean forms
and may be entitled to subgeneric rank,
sa eats
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAITADES—SIMPSON. TOL
UNIO CALLOSUS Lea.
* Unio callosus Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc. Il, 1841, p. 31; “Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII,
1842p. 239, pl. xxi, fig. 545 *Obs., Tl, 1842, p. 77, pl. xxuni, fig. 54.—
*ConraD, Pr, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 246.—* H. and A. ADAMs, Gen.
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—* CuENv, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xxv1, figs. 4, 4a,
4).—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—*P-eTeL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p.147.
* Margaron (Unio) callosus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 33,
Said to come from the Ohio Canal below Columbus. Jam sure that
the locality is wrong, and it appears to be a Mexican form. The type
is not in the Lea collection.
UNIO MEXICANUS Philippi.
*Unio mexicanus PHILIPPI, Zeits. fiir Mal., LV, 1847, p. 95.—*-Puiviprr, Abbild. und
Beschr., III, 1849, p. 110, pl. v1, fig. 3..—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p.
285, pl. xcv, fig. 7.—*B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—*Pa7TE., Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 159.—* FiscHER and Cross, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 593.
* Margaron (Unio) mexicanus Lua, Syn., 1870, p. 53.
Mexico.
(Group of Unio semigranosus.)
Shell triangular rhomboid, solid, inflated, with a distinct posterior
ridge; beaks rather full, their sculpture consisting of numerous some-
_what irregular corrugations which pass into the pustulous sculpture of
the shell; surface of the valves generally more or less sculptured with
chevron-shaped or zigzag ridges or corrugations, which often break into
pustules, the posterior slope bearing curved, radiating plications which -
are likewise sometimes nodulous; epidermis dark, scarcely rayed; pseu-
docardinals strong, radial, ragged; laterals heavy, obliquely striated;
beak cavities not deep, compressed; muscle scars well impressed;
nacre purple, with bronzy or coppery shades.
Animal apparently not different from that of other related Unios.
I have not seen any with the marsupium filled.
+ UNIO PLEXUS Conrad.
* Margarita (Unio) carbonarius LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 192; 1838, p. 17.2
*Unio carbonarius LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 37, pl. xu, fig.382; *Obs., II,
1838, p. 37, pl. XI, fig. 32.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V,1839, Pt. 2, p.236.—
*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 184; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 184, pl. xxu1, fig.
10.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 57.—* CuHEnu, Il. Conch.,
1858, pl. xxii, figs. 1, la, 1b.—* PaireL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 147.
“Margarita (Unio) pliciferus Lua, Syn., 1836, p. 13; 1838, p. 14.
“Unio pliciferus LEa, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 61, pl. xvu, fig. 53; *Obs., II,
1838, p. 61, pl. xvu, fig.53.—* TRoscuHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p.
1A miserable figure of some rhomboidal, rather compressed form, probably group-
ing with callosus.
2?The names carbonarius and pliciferus were published two years before Unio plexus,
but were not accompanied by a description. Part X of the Monography appeared
in May, 1838, and the transactions containing Dr. Lea’s description of carbonarius
June 15, according to Scudder. Dr. Lea places his carbonarius in the synonymy of
pliciferus, though the former comes first in his paper.
702 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL,
256.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 176; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 176, pl. xx,
fig. 32.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 63.—* KustgEr, Conch.
Cab., 1848, p. 142, pl. xu, fig. 1.—* H.and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., I, 1857,
p. 497.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xx, figs. 5, 5a,5); Manual, 1859, IT,
p. 142, fig. 702.—*SowrErBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxv, fig. 387.—
*B. H. Wriaur, Check List, 1888.—*FiscuER and Crosse, Miss. Sci., I,
Pt. 7, 1894, p. 580, pl. LXV, fig. 2; Lxx, figs. 2, 2a.
Margaron (Unio) pliciferus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 20; 1870, p. 31.
~ Unio plecus CONRAD, Monog., X, 1838, p. 89, pl. XLIX, figs. 1,2; *Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 255.
Vera Cruz, Mexico.
+ UNIO CROCODILARUM Morelet.
“Unio crocodilarum MORELET, Test. Noy., I, 1849, p. 28.—~ REEv»E, Conch. Icon.,
XVI, 1864, pl. x, fig. 37.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 149.—* Fischer
and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p.577, pl. ux, fig. 35 Lxvul, fig. 3. *
* ? Unio rusticus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LxIv, fig. 324.
Rio Usumacinta, Guatemala.
UNIO MORINI Morelet.
“Unio morint MORELET, Test. Nov., II, 1851, p. 24.—* FiscHER and Crosss, Miss.
Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 576, pl. ux, fig. 2; Lxvu, fig. 4.
Rio Usumacinta, Guatemala.
UNIO SEMIGRANOSUS von dem Busch,
“Unio semigranosus VON DEM BUSCH (in Philippi), Abbild. und Besch., I, 1845,
p. 19, pl. 1, figs. 1-3.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64.—
* ConrRAD, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257.—* HANLEY, Biv. Shells,
1856, p. 381, pl. xx, fig. 33.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857,
p. 497.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 252, pl. LXxxv, fig. 1.—*B. H.
WriGut, Check List, 1888.—* FiscHER and CRossE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II,
1894, p. 569.
* Margaron ( Unio) semigranosus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 20; 1570, p. 34.
* Unio carbonarius var. semigranosus P&@TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 147.
Mexico, Vera Cruz to Tampico.
+ UNIO CORIUM Reeve.!
* Unio corium REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. Xx, fig. 39.—* PaiTEL, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 149.—* FiscoerR and Crosse, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, IL, 1894,
p. 570.
State of Chiapas, Mexico.
UNIO TESTUDINEUS Morelet.
* Unio testudineus MORELET, Test. Nov., I, 1849 p. 28.2—FIscHER and CROSSE,
MissaiScit, Rta, lil 18945. oily plese xclis fo3)-sEXexe ho oe
* Unio semigranosus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. x, fig. 36.
Rio Usumacinta, Guatemala.
1 Probably a mere variety of semigranosus. It is quite likely that when a sufficient
amount of material is examined this and some other species of this group will have
to be placed in the synonymy.
2¥ischer and Crosse think that testudineus is perhaps only a local race of semigra-
nosus. I think it is quite likely they are right.
— ae i ee
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NALADES—SIMPSON. 703
+tUNIO PSORICUS Morelet.
* Unio psoricus MORELET, Test. Nov., Pt. 2, 1851, p. 25.'\—* FIscHER and Crossz,
Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 572, pl. uxt, fig. 2.
Rio Usumacinta, Guatemala.
(Group of Unio gibbosus.)
Shell solid, compressed or inflated, triangular ovate to elongate
ovate, arcuate when old, gibbous above, pointed or slightly biangulate
behind, with a moderate posterior ridge; beaks low, the sculpture con-
sisting of a few very strong ridges which run parallel with the growth
lines; epidermis dull and clothlike; pseudocardinals strong, rough;
laterals granular or verticaily striated, club-shaped; beak cavities
very shallow; one or more slight furrows or ridges occur in the cavity
of the shell which run nearly parallel with the laterals; muscle scars
very deep and distinct.
Marsupium occupying the entire outer gills; branchie large, curved
below, inner the wider except at the posterior end, free from the
abdominal sac only part of their length; mantle very thin, with thick-
ened edges; branchial opening generally large.
tUNIO GIBBOSUS Barnes.
* Unio nasuta LAMARCK,? An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 75.—* DESHAYEs, An. sans
Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 538; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 669.
~ Unio nasutus AGASsiIz, Arch. fiir Nat., I, 1852, p. 50.
* Unio gibbosus BARNES, Am. Jl]. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 262, pl. x1, fig. 12.3—* HiIL-
DRETH, Am. Jl. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 286.—SuHoRT and Earon, Transylvania
J1., 1831, p. 78.—* HaNnuEy, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 207; Biv. Shells, 1843, p.
207, pl. xx, fig. 54.—*CarLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 59.—
*KusrEerR, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 28, pl. 1v, figs. 3, 4.—*H. and A.
ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., IT, 1857, p. 491.—* SowErRBy, Conch. Icon, XVI, 1868,
pl. Lx x1, fig. 379.—* CaLkIns, Pr. Ottawa Ac. Sci., 1874, p.42.—* LATCHFORD,
Tr. Ottawa F. N. Club, 1882, p. 50.--* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—
* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 153.—* BAKER, Moll. Chicago, 1898, p. 70,
pl. xtv, figs. 3, 4; xv, figs. 1-4.
Margarita Unio gibbosus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 38; 1838, p. 25.
* Margaron (Unio) gibbosus LEA, Syn. 1852, p. 38; 1870, p. 61.
* Mya gibbosa Eaton, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 220.
*Unio mucronatus BARNES, Am. J]. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 266, pl. x11, fig. 13 (out-
line).—* AG@assiZ, Arch. fiir Naturg., I, 1852, p. 50.
* Mya mucronata EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 221.
1 Probably another variety of semigranosus.
This name was given by Lamarck to the species under consideration before that
of Barnes, but Say had already used the name nasutus for a Unio, hence gibbosus
must be used.
5In 1820 Rafinesque bestowed the name Amblema gibbosa on some unionoid mollusk
which I can not determine. Since then Conrad in 1836, and others after him, have
used the specific name as of Rafinesque and applied it to a Unio, which they have
figured and described. Barnes applied the name in 1823, properly characterizing it,
and it must stand, because at that time it had not been used in the genus Unio.
704 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXL
* Unio dilalatus SAy,! Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—* Conran, New F. W. Shells, 1834,
p. 68.—* FeRussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27.—* Conrap, Monog., V, 1836, Tr.
42, pl. xx1.—*KusrTErR, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 38, pl. v1, fig. 4.—* ConRAD,
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248.
* Unio torulosus FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28.
* Unio arctatus FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.
*t Unio arctiorv LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc , VI, 1838, p. 10, pl. 1v, fig. 10;2 Obs., II,
1838, p. 10, pl. 1v, fig. 10.—* TRoscHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p.
234.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 208; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 208, pl. xx,
fig. 46.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 56.—* ConrapD, Pr. Ac.
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245.—* KustEer, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 179,
pl. Lv1, fig. 6.—* H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.—* CHENU,
Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. x x1, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.—*? SOowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868,
pl. LXxxv, fig. 2.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* Pare, Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 144.
* Margarita (Unio) arctior LEA Syn., 1836, p. 39; 1838, p. 25.
*Margaron (Unio) arctior LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 38; 1870, p. 71.
+ UNiO GIBBOSUS var. ARCUS Conrad.
* Unio arcus CONRAD, Am. J1. Sci., XXV, 1854, p. 340, pl. L, fig. 8; * New F. W. Shells,
1834, p. 67.—* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mae., 1835, p. 29.—* MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen.,
1836, p. 1898.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 207; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 207,
pl. xx1u1, fig. 46.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.56.—* ConRaD,
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245.—* H.and A. ApaMs, Gen. Ree. Moll., II,
1857, p. 491.—* B. H. WreiGut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa:TEL, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 144.
* Margarita (Unio) arcus LEA, Syn., 1836, p.38; 1838, p. 25.
*Margaron (Unio) arcus LEA, Syn., 1852, p.38; 1870, p. 61.
+UNIO GIBBOSUS var. SUBGIBBOSUS Lea.
*Unio subgibbosus La, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 169; Jl. Ac. N. Sci-
Phila., TV, 1858, p.53, pl. vi, fig. 36; Obs., VI, 1858, p.53, pl. vi, fig. 36.—
*B.H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—*Srmpson, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892,
p. 432, pl. Uxxvuil, fig. 5.
*Margaron (Unio) subgibbosus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 61.
*Unio lazarus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lx v1l1I, fig. 348.
* +Unio rufus LEa, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 171; Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1V,
1858, p. 85, pl. xvil, fig. 65; Obs., VI, 1858, p. 85, pl. xvi, fig. 65.—* B. H.
WriGuHT, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) rufus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 61.
+ UNIO GIBBOSUS var. ARMATHWAITENSIS B. H. Wright.
*Unio gibbosus var. armathwaitensis B. H. Wricut, Naut., XI, 1898, p. 123.%
+UNIO GIBBOSUS var. DELICATUS Simpson.‘
Entire Mississippi drainage; St. Lawrence and its tributaries; Ala-
bama River system; southeast into Florida; southwest to the Guada-
lupe River, Texas.
‘As of Rafinesque. {am unable to make out Rafinesque’s species.
2 Merely a form with white nacre.
’ These three are dwarf varieties of gibbosus. All are often more or less humped,
and there are many intermediate and connecting specimens.
‘A greatly compressed, thin variety, with an evenly elliptical outline and very
dark nacre may bear this name.
NO. 1205. : SYNOPSIS Ol THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. T0O5
tUNIO STFONENSIS Lea.
*Unio stonensis Lua, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 286; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII,
1841, p. 195, pl. vit, fig. 5; Obs., III, 1842, p. 33, pl. vu, fig. 5.—* Conran,
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.—* H. and A. ADAms, Gen. Ree. Moll.,
IL, 1857, p. 495.—* CHEN, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xxx, figs. 7, 7a, 7b.—* Sow-
ERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1868, pl. LXxxvVI, fig. 462.—* B. H. WRIGHT, Check
List, 1888.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 168.
* Margaron (Unio) stonensis LEA, Syn., 1852; 1870, p. 43.
Stone River, Tennessee.
t UNIO LURIDUS Lea.
*Onio luridus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 273, pl. xx, fig. 29; Obs., V,
1852, p. 29, pl. xx, fig. 29.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila , VI, 1853, p. 251;
*H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—* B. H. WRIGHT, Check
List, 1888.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 158.
* Margaron (Unio) luridus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 30; 1870, p. 48.
Yadkin River, North Carolina; Georgia; Florida.
(Group of Unio discus.)
Shell large, solid, compressed, subtriangular; biangulate behind;
beak sculpture not seen; beaks high, but not swollen; epidermis dark,
rough; teeth heavy; laterals remote, club-shaped; nacre white, yel-
low or purple.
Animal unknown.
+UNIO DISCUS Lea.
*Unio discus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 74, pl. x v111, fig.57; * Obs., IT, 1838,
p. 74, pl. xv, fig. 51.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 237.—
*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 197; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 197, pl. xx, fig. 12.—
*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58.—*ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.
494,—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. x1x, figs. 6, 6a, 6b.—* SOWERBY, Conch.
Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Exu, fig. 310.—*B. H. Wricur, Check List, 1888.—
* PASTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 151.—* FiscHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci.,
Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 567.
*Margaron (Unio) discus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 31; 1870, p. 50.
* Unio panacoensis, VON DEM BUSCH in Philippi, Abbild. und Besch., I, 1843, p.75,
pl. 1.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, pl. Lxxx1, fig. 1.—* P& TEL, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 162.
*Unio mexicanus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pl. LV, fig. 281.
Mexico; Central America.
(Group of Unio sloatianus.)
Shell rhomboid, solid, inflated, with a well-defined posterior ridge
and a smaller, fainter one above, the posterior end being distinctly
biangulate, nearly straight or slightly incurved on the _ base,
rounded in front; beaks only slightly elevated; beak sculpture not
observed ; surface of the valves covered with somewhat radiately plicate,
nodulous corrugations which become less pronounced in front; posterior
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii——45
706 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII
slope radially plicate; epidermis dark; pseudocardinals stumpy, radial,
granularly striate; laterals double in the left valve, single in the right,
with a faint, secondary ridge below; anterior muscle scars deep, nearly
smooth; cavity of the beaks moderate, slightly compressed.
Animal unknown.
t UNIO SLOATIANUS Lea.
“Unio sloatianus Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 287; Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.,
VIII, 1842, p. 217, pl. xvi, fig. 33; Obs., III, 1842, p. 55, pl. xvi, ie, 8o—
*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Mol1., II, 1857, p. 497.---* CHENU, Ill. Conch. 1858,
pl. xxxui, figs. 7, 7a, 7b.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab., 1862, p. 286, pl. XCVI, fig. 3.—
*B. H. Wricat, Check List, 1888.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 167.
* Margaron (Unio) sloatianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 21; 1870, p. 31.
* Plectomerus sloatianus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 261.
* Unio atromarginatus LEa,! Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 288; Tr. Am. Phil. Soe.,
VIII, 1842, p. 207, pl. x, fig. 21; Obs., III, 1842, p. 45, pl. x1, fig. 21.—
*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 488.—* CHENU, IJ]. Conch., 1858,
pl. xxvii, figs. 6, 6a, 6b.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 250, pl.
LXXXxIV, fig. 2.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* ParreL, Conch. Sam.,
TIT, 1890, p. 145.
* Margaron ( Unio) atromarginatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p.19; 1870, p. 29.
* Plectomerus atromarginatus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 260.
* Unio aratus CONRAD, Ann. and Mag., IV, 1849, p.302; *Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila. IV,
1849, p. 154.
* Unio plectophorus-CONRAD, J]. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1850, p. 277, pl. xxxviul, fig. 7.
* Plectomerus plectophorus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 2.
Chattahoochee and Flint rivers, Georgia.
(Group of Unio crassidens.)
Shell generally solid, rather inflated, rhomboid oval, with a sharp,
well-developed posterior ridge; beaks prominent, the sculpture consist-
ing of a few coarse ridges running nearly parallel with the growth
lines and swollen at the posterior ridge; surface of the valves nearly
smooth or only marked by growth lines; posterior slope bearing
wrinkled, corrugate, radiate ridges; epidermis often faintly rayed.
Animal having the branchiw very large, rounded below, inner the.
larger, free nearly or quite their entire length from the abdominal sac; |
branchial and anal openings large, with many small papille; marsupium
occupying the entire outer gills. !
+ UNIO CRASSIDENS Lamarck.
*Unio crassidens LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 71.—* LEA, Obs., I, 1834, *
p. 199.—* DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 532; 3d ed., II, 1839,
p. 667.—* Haney, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 184; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 184, pl. xx,
fig. 46.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.58.—*H. and A. ADAMS,
'Lea’s type of sloatianus is an old, arcuate shell, while the type of atromarginatus
is young and quite different looking. But the young plicate atromarginatus gradually
changes into the smoother sloatianus as it crows older, and specimens of both show
the dark bordered nacre, though it is more pronounced in the young shells.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 7TO7
Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* Cauwins, Pr. Ot. Ac. Sci., 1874, p. 42.—
*B. 11. WrieuT, Check List, 1838.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 149.—
* CALL, Tr. Ac. Sci., St. Louis, VII, 1895, p. 12, pl. 11.
* Margarita (Unio) crassidens Lv, Syn., 1836, p.19; 1838, p. 17.
*Margaron (Unio) crassidens L¥a, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 37.
*? Unio nigra RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Brux., V, 1820, p. 291, pl. Lx xx, figs. 1-4.
*Unio niger Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—* Conran, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70.—
* PERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27.—* ConraD, Monog., VI, 1836, p. 49, pl.
XXvi1.—* KustTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 25, pl. 1v, fig. 1.—*AG@assiz, Arch,
fiir Naturg., I, 1852, p. 50.—* Conrap, Pr. Acad.N. Sei., Phila., VI, 1853, p.
253.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LX xvitl, fig. 408.
*? Unio cuneatus BARNES, Am. Jl. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 263.—* HILDRETH, Am. JI.
Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 279, fig. 3.—* SHorT and Eaton, Transylvania Jl1., 1831,
p. 78.
* Mya cuneata EATON, Zool. Text Book, 1826, p. 220.
*? Unio discus SOowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lx11, fig. 310.
* Unio crassus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xcv, fig. 520.
Mississippi drainage generally; Alabama and Tombigbee rivers;
southeast to the Chattahoochee River. In the southeastern part of
its range this species seems to merge into U. incrassatus.
+UNIO INCRASSATUS Lea.!
“Unio incrassatus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 286; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII,
1840, p. 217, pl. x v1, fig. 34; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 55, pl. xvi, fig. 34.—* H. and
A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* CuEnu, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl.
XXX, figs. 5, 5a, 5b.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 192, pl. Lx, fig. 5.—
*REEVE, Conch. Icen., XVI, 1865, pl. xxvi, fig. 127.—*B. H. Wricurt,
Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155.
*Margaron (Unio) incrassatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 37.
Coosa River system; Chattahoochee and rivers of north Florida;
east to Savannah ?.
+UNIO POLYMORPHUS B. H. Wright.
* Unio polymorphus B. H. Wricut, Naut., XIII, 1899, p. 42.
Spanish Creek, Charlton County, Georgia.
+UNIO FORBESIANUS Lea.
* Unio forbesianus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1852, p. 251; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soe.,
X, 1852, p. 264, pl. xvi, fig. 17; * Obs., V, 1852, p. 20, pl. xvi, fig. 17.—* CONRAD,
Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 249.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec.
Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 310, pl. Lxrx,
fig. 6.—* MusGraveE, Phot. Conch., 1868, pl. 1, fig. 2.—* SowERBy, Conch.
Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXx1, fig. 361.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—
* SIMPSON, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 410, pl. xL1x, fig. 3; L, figs. 2, 3.
*Margaron (Unio) forbesianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 37.
*tUnio moussonianus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 268, pl. xvu1l, fig. 22;
* Obs., V, 1852, p. 24, pl. xviil, fig. 22.—*ConrapD, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila.,
Vi, 1853, p. 252.—* H. and A. Abams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—
*B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 160.
* Margaron (Unio) moussonianus LEA, Syu., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 46.
1T am doubtful whether this is more than a small, rhomboid, southeastern variety
of crassidens, bearing the same relation to it that U. subgibbosus does to U. gibbosus.
708 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATFONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
*t Unio corvus Lma, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II], 1859, p. 112; “Jl. Acad. N. Sci.,
Phila., [V, 1859, p. 217, pl. xxvil, fig. 97; Obs., VII, 1859, p. 35, pl. XX vil, fig.
97.—*SoWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxvit, fig. 411.—*B. H.
WrIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 149.
* Margaron ( Unio) corvus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 37.
* Unio vestitus Lma, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., V, 1861, p.393; *J1. Ac. N. Sci., Phila.,
V, 1862, p. 189, pl. xxv, fig. 259; * Obs., IX, 1863, p. 11, pl. xxv, fig. 259.—
*B. H. WriGHT, Check List, 1888.
Margaron (Unio) vestitus LEa, Syn., 1870, p. 50.
Streams from the Congaree River, South Carolina, south to northern
Florida.
+UNIO DANIELSII B. H. Wright.
*Unio danielsii B. H. WriGHT, Naut., XIII, 1899, p. 31.
Spring Creek, Decatur County, Georgia.
+UNIO PUSILLUS Lea.
*Unio pusillus Lwa, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., 1,1840, p. 286; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII,
1842, p. 220, pl. xviu, fig. 36; *Obs., IT, 1842, p. 58, pl. x vil, fig. 36.—* Con-
RAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 256.—* H. and A. ADams, Gen. Rec.
Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—* CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, pl. xx x11, figs. 5, 5a, 5b.—
* KusvER, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 197, pl. Lx111, figs. 3, 4.—* B. H.Wrieut, Check
List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Caner Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 164.—* Simpson, Pr. U.S. Nat.
Mus., XV, 1892, p. 411. pl. LI, figs. 2,6.
*Margaron (Unio) pusillus LEA, Syn., 1852, p.31; 1870, p. 48.
*+tUnio buxeus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 261, pl. xv, fig. 13; * Obs., V,
1852, p. 17, pl. xv, fig. 13.—* ConrapD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245.—
*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., IT, 1857, p. 493.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check
List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 147.
* Margaron (Unio) buxeus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 46.
*+Unio anthonyi Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p.41; *Jl. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., V,
1862, p. 197, pl. xxvU, fig. 266; * Obs., IX, 1863, p.19, pl. xxvui, fig. 266.—* B. H.
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.
Margaron (Unio) anthonyi, LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 43
Abbeville district, South Carolina; south to northern Florida.
t UNIO MERUS Lea.
* Unio merus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 260, pl. xv, fig. 10; * Obs., V,
1852, p. 16, pl. xv, fig. 10.—* Conran, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853,
p. 252.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PmTEeL, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 159. :
* Margaron (Unio) merus LEA, Syn.. 1870, p. 54.
*+ Unio castus La, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 306; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
- Phila., IV, 1860, p. 349, pl. Lv, fig. 174; * Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 31, pl. Lvu,
fig. 174.—* B. H. Wrient, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) castus L&aA, Syn., 1870, p. 40.
South Carolina.
1The type is a young shell identical with one of Lea’s U. anthonyi. The type of
the latter is a little larger, lighter colored, and less rayed.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 709
UNIO MASONI Conrad.!
* Unio masoni CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 34, pl. v, fig. 2, p. 70.—* FER-
uSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* ConraD, Monog., III, 1836, p. 28, pl. x1, fig.
2.—* MOLLER, Syn. Noy. Gen., 1836, p. 204.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 201;
*Bi . Shells, 1843, p. 201, pl. xxi, fig. 18.—*CaTLOw and REEVE, Conch.
Nom., 1845, p. 61.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III, 1845, p. 18, pl. 1, fig.
1.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 34, pl. v, fig. 6.—* CoNRAD, Pr. Ac.
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 252.--H. and A. ApDAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., IT, 1857,
p. 492.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PTEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890,
p. 158.
* Margarita (Unio) masoni LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 33; 1838, p. 23.
* Margaron (Unio) masoni LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 84; 1870, p. 55.
Savannah River, Georgia.
+UNIO FRATERNUS Lea.
*Unio fraternus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 263, pl. xvi, fig. 15; *Obs., V,.
1852; p. 19 pl. xvi, fig. 15.—*CoNRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853,
p. 249.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—* KusTER,
Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 201, pl. Lxvu, fig. 2.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List,
1888.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 153.
*Margaron (Unio) fraternus LEA, Syn., 1852. p.32; 1870, p.51.
Abbeville district, South Carolina, to Columbus, Georgia.
+UNIO CONGARAUS Lea.
*Unio congareus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 72, pl. vi, fig. 4; Obs., I,
1834, p. 82, pl. vi, fig. 4.—* Conrap, New F. W. Sheils, 1834, p. 68.—* FERUS-
sac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26.—* ConRraAD, Monog., III, 1836, p. 27, pl. xu, fig.
1.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.200; * Biv. Shells, 1845, p. 200, pl. x xu, fig.
31.—* CaTLOw and REEVE,Conch. Nom., 1845, p.57.—* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1858, p. 247.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., IJ, 1857, p.
493.—* CHENU, IJ]. Conch., 1858, pl. 111, figs. 5, 5a, 5b.—*SowERBy, Conch.
Teon., XVI, 1867, pl. Lix, fig. 296.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—
*PMHTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148.
* Margarita (Unio) congareus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 82; 1838, p. 22.
* Margaron (Unio) congareus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 54.
*t Unio fulvus Lea,? Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, p. 96, pl. x11, fig. 39; *Obs., I, 1834
p- 208, pl. x111, fig. 39.—* FERusSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* HANLEY, Test.
Moll., 1842, p. 200; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 200, pl. xx111, fig. 32.—* CATLOW and
REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 59.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II,
1857, p. 493.—*SoweErRBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1858, pl. LXxxIx, fig. 483.—
*B. H. Wricat, Check List, 1888.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 153.
* Margarita (Unio) fulvus LEA, Syn., 1836, p.32; 1838, p. 22.
* Margaron (Unio) fulvus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 54.
Cape Fear River, North Carolina; south to Savannah, Georgia.
‘T have never seen this species, but should judge from the figure that it groups
with U. crassidens.
2The type is a young shell, and is not the same as adult shells which are in the
Lea collection under that name.
710 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
tUNIO DARIENSIS Lea.
* Unio dariensis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 246, pl. xxv1, fig.61; *Pr. Am.
Phil. Soe., II, 1843, p. 225; * Obs., ILI, 1842, p. 84, pl. xxvi, fig. 61.—* Conrapb,
Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248.—*H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II,
1857, p. 493.—* CHENU, II. Conch., 1858, pl. xxx111, figs. 6, 6a, 6b.—* SOWERBY,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xct, fig. 494.—* B. H. WriGuT, Check List, 1888.—
* PHTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 150.—* Stmpson, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV,
1892, p. 413, pl. LI, fig.2; LIV, fig. 1.
* Margaron (Unio) dariensis Lma, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 54.
Southeast Georgia to north Florida.
t UNIO MONROENSIS Lea.
Unio monroensis L¥a,! Desc. of 12 sp. of Uniones, 1843, no pagination; * Tr. Am.
Phil. Soc., IX, 18452, p. 279, pl. x1, fig. 8; * Obs., LV, 1848, p. 37, pl. x1, fig. 8.—
* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 252.—* H.and A. ADAMS, Gen.
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.— *PaTEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 159.—* Sumpson, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 410,
pl. 1, fig. 1.
* Margaron (Unio) monroensis LEA, Syn., 1862, p. 29; 1870, p. 46.
Florida.
tUNIO HARTWRIGHTI:? B. H. Wright.
t Unio hartwrighti B. H. WricuT, Naut., IX, 1896, p. 121, pl. 11, figs. 4-6.
Lake Beresford, Florida.
‘UNIO HINKLEYI B. H. Wright.
*Unio hinkleyi B. H. WricHT, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1888, p. 117, pl. iv, fig. 3°;
*Check List, 1888.—* Simpson, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 425, pl. Lxv,
fig. 4.
Florida.
1A puzzling form. The type, the only shell in the Lea collection, is rather solid,
and the posterior ridge is curved slightly upward in the middle. Other specimens
in the museum are less solid, the posterior ridge is sharper, and straight or curved
down in the middle, and there seems to be almost a connection with the very different
U. hartwrighti.
2This name was applied to another species by Newcomb, and was used by Wright
in the Check List, by Pietel and others, but the form to which it was given was
believed to be a synonym of something else, and it was never described. Mr,
Wright has again used the name for what is probably a valid species.
°The figure of this shell is not at all accurate, being considerably more blunt
posteriorly and inflated below than the specimen sent as the type. It approaches
U. monroensis, but is more elongated, and a series of specimens sent by Mr. Wright
almost connects it with U. dorei.
No. 1205 SYNOPSIS OF THE NAITADES—SIMPSON., ‘lek
tUNIO WEBSTERI B. H. Wright.
~ Unio websteri B. H. Wricut, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1888, p. 113, pl. m1, fig. 2';
* Check List, 1888.
Florida.
tUNIO DORSATUS Lea.
“Unio dorsatus Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 160; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VI, 1868, p. 300, pl. xLv, fig. 112; * Obs., XII, 1869, p. 60, pl. xLv, fig. 112.—
*B.H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Stmpson, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892,
p. 411, pl. L1, fig. 7; Lu, figs. 1, 2.
* Margaron ( Unio) dorsatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 37.
Catawba River, North Carolina; Florida.
+UNIO WACCAMAWENSIS Lea.?
* Unio waccamawensis Lma, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 193; *Jl. Acad.
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 16, pl. v, tig. 14; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 20, pl- v, fig.
14.—* B. H. WriGut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) waccamawensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 36.
Waccamaw Lake, North Carolina.
(Group of Unio pigerrimus.)
Shell rather solid, elliptic rhomboid, somewhat inflated, with a low,
rounded posterior ridge, sometimes a little arcuate below, biangulate
behind; beaks full, their sculpture a few coarse ridges which are curved
upward and swollen where they cross the posterior ridge; surface
concentrically striate and often sculptured with curved, subradiating
or zigzag corrugations whicb have a tendency to break into nodules;
epidermis brownish; hinge rather heavy; pseudocardinals stumpy,
granular; laterals club shaped; muscle scars well marked.
Animal unknown.
UNIO PIGERRIMUS Crosse and Fischer.
* Unio pigerrimus CROSSE and FISCHER, Jl. de Conch. XLJ, 1893, p. 293.—
* FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 582, pl. Lxv, figs. 1, la.
Mexico.
tUNIO MITCHELLI Simpson.
*Unio mitchelli SIMPSON (in Dall.), Pr. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1896, p.5; Pr. U.
‘S. Nat. Mus., XIX, 1896, p. 371, pl. xxxu1, figs. 1-3.3
Southern Texas to New Leon, Mexico.
‘Mr. Wright has sent to the Museum under the above name two quite different
forms, neither of which is like the figure. From an examination of the first one
sent, an old, worn shell, and the figure, I believed it to be a form of U. obesus (see
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p.428). Specimens sent since by Mr. Wright and
said to be typical approach U. hartwrighti, but are more compressed and elongated.
These forms are exceedingly puzzling.
?An aberrant species. The shell is inflated, thin, and hasa strong posterior ridge.
It has characters of both the Buckleyi and Crassidens groups.
“Close to pigerrimus apparently, and may be but a variety of it; it is a lighter,
longer shell, is less sculptured, and dces not have a rose-colored nacre.
712 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
+ UNIO IHERINGI B. H. Wright.
* Unio theringi B. H. WRIGHT, Naut., XII, 1898, p. 93. —* SIMPSON, Pr. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., 1900, p. 79, pl. Iv, fig. 5.
Southern Texas.
tUNIO SPHENORHYNCHUS Fischer and Crosse.
* Unio sphenorhynchus FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 617, pl.
LXVI, figs. 2, 2a.
Mexico.
(Group of Unio liebmanni.)
Shell rather solid, inflated, ovate rhomboid or trapezoidal, with a
well-developed posterior ridge, pointed at or near the base behind, but
not biangulate, nearly straight or slightly incurved below; beaks full,
sculpture not seen; surface smooth or concentrically striate; epidermis
dark, scarcely rayed; hinge rather strong; pseudocardinals heavy,
compressed; muscle scars distinct; nacre livid to whitish.
Animal unknown.!
tUNIO LIEBMANNI Philippi.
* Unio liebmanni PHILIPPI, Zeits. fiir Mal., IV, 1847, p. 96; * Abbild. und Besch., ITI,
1849, p. 109, pl. vi, fig. 1.—* KusrErR, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 281, pl. xciv,
fig. 7.—* P®TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 157.—* FiscHER and CROSSE, Miss.
Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 616.
* Margaron (Unio liebmanni) LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 48.
* Unio liebmanni B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
Mexico.
tUNIO OPACATUS Crosse and Fischer.
* Unio opacatus CROSSE and FISCHER, Jl. de Conch., XLI, 1893, p. 295.—* FISCHER
and CRossE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 592, pl. Lx v1, figs. 1, la.
Mexico.
(Group of Unio buckleyi.)
Shell oval, obovate, subtrapezoidal, or elliptical, with a more or less
developed posterior ridge, often biangulate behind, compressed or
inflated, thin or somewhat solid; beaks generally full, sculptured with
several rather strong concentric ridges, which are either nearly paral-
lel with the growth lines or slightly doubly looped; posterior slope
often faintly wrinkled; epidermis usually smooth and shining in the
younger shells, often rough when old, becoming darker with age, rayed
when young. Hinge teeth solid or compressed; nacre mostly brilliant,
1This group is exceedingly close to that of U. buckleyi, according to the shell char-
acters, and some specimens of U. liebmanni are so near others of U. buckleyi as to
deceive even experts.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES— SIMPSON. 713
of many shades. Animal not differing especially from that of closely
related groups. !
t UNIO BUCKLEY/I Lea.
* Unio buckleyi, LEA, Desc. of 12 Uniones, 1843 (no pagination) ; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.,
IX, 1845 ?, p. 276, pl. XxXIX, fig.2; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 34, pl. xxx1x, fig. 2.—
* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen.
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—* KusTEr, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 177, pl. Lv1,
fig. 2.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxx1v, fig. 175.—*B. H.
Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* B. H. and 8. H. Wricut, Conch. Ex., TI, 1888,
p. 95.—* PHTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 146.—*Smpson, Pr. U.S. Nat.
Mus., XV, 1892, p. 417, pl. viii, figs. 6,7; LIx, figs. 1,2; Lx, fig. 2.
* Margaron (Unio) buckleyi LEA, Syn., 1852, p.30; 1870, p. 48.
*+ Unio buddianus Lra,? Desc. of 12 Uniones, 1843; Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IX, 1845, ?
p. 277, pl. xt, fig.5; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 35, pl. x1, fig. 5.—* Conran, Pr. Ac.
Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857,
p. 492.—* KustTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 249, pl. LxxxIVv, fig. 1.—* REEVE,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xx, fig. 88.—* B. H. and 8S. H. WriGnt, Conch. Ex.,
II, 1888, p. 95.—* B. H. Wriegut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTe., Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 146.
* Margaron (Unio) buddianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p.32; 1870, p. 52.
*t Unio dalli B. H. Wricut,? Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1888, p. 119, pl. v1, fig. 1.—
*B. H. WRiGuHT, Check List, 1888.
+ UNIO BUCKLEYI var. ORCUTTII S. H. Wright.
* Unio orcuttii S. H. WRIGHT, West. Am. Sci., IV, 1888, p. 60, 3 figs.4
Florida.
tUNIO JAYENSIS Lea.
*Unio jayensis Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 28, pl 1x, fig. 23;5 *Obs., II.
1838, p. 28, pl. 1x, fig. 23.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p.
235.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 206; * Biv. Shells, 1848, p. 206, pl. xx,
fig. 53.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 60.—* Conrap, Pr. Ac.
N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251'—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857,
p 491.—-* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. x x11, figs. 4, 4a, 4b.—* SOWERBY, Conch.
1The relationship between the Buckleyi, Crassidens, Complanatus, Downiei and Fish-
erianus groups is very close. That of Crassidens is characterized by inflated shells
with a strong posterior ridge, and wrinkles on the posterior slope; of Buckleyi by a
less developed ridge, the absence of strong wrinkles, and a rich, warm texture
of shell; of Complanatus by trapezoidal, not greatly inflated shells of dull texture.
The species of the Fisherianus group have elongated, generally compressed, thin
shells, pointed behind, and of the Downiei assemblage solid, inflated shells. But
there are many species that are quite negative in characters, and others that com-
bine the features of two or more groups, that can not be satisfactorily placed.
?The type is a large, badly eroded shell, apparently a little injured at the upper,
anterior part, and is truncated a little there.
°The type is a small, old shell, which has become reugh and arcuate.
4Credited to Manatee River, Florida, Simpson and Miakka Lake, Florida, New-
comb, by Mr. Wright. I have never found it in the Manatee River, but obtained it
in abundance in Miakka Lake.
° Although the type is very different from that of U. buckleyi the two species ap-.
proach so closely that there are specimens which I can not name.
714 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL.
Icon., XVI, 1867, pl. Lx, fig. 301; Lxvu, fig. 343.?—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam.,
IIT, 1890, p. 155.
* Margarita (Unio) jayensis LEA, Syn., 1856, p. 37; 1838, p. 24.
* Margaron (Unio) jayensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 37.
* + Unio prasinatus CONRAD, Am. JI. Conch., II, 1866, p. 279, pl. xv, fig. 14.—* B. H.
WriGart, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) jayanus Lua, Syn., 1870, p. 60.
*Onio jayanus B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* Simpson, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus.,
XV, 1892, p. 419, pl. LXI, fig. 4.
*+Unio simpsoni B. H. WricutT!; Check List, 1888.
*+ Unio marshii B. 1. Wricut, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1888, p. 118, pl. v, fig. 2; Check
List, 1888.
*+t Unio tryont B. H. WRIGHT, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1888, p. 120, pl. v1, fig. 2; Check
List, 1888. ;
Florida.
tUNIO CORUSCUS Gould.
* Unio coruscus GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., I, 1856, p. 15; *Otia
Conch., 1862, p. 222.—* B. H. and 8. H. WriGut, Conch. Ex., II, 1888, p. 95.—
*B. H.Weicut, Check List, 1888.—* Simpson, Pr. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892,
p. 419, pl. Lx111, figs. 1, 7.
* Margaron (Unio) coruscus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 48.
+ UNIO CORUSCUS var. FRYANUS B. H. Wright.?
Unio fryanus B. H. WriGut, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., 1888, p. 115, pl. 1, fig. 1; Check
List, 1888.
*t Unio diazensis S. H. WRIGHT,* Naut., X, 1897, p.5.
Florida.
tUNIO CUNNINGHAMI B. H. Wright.
* Unio cunninghami B. H. Wricut, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., X LI, 1883, p. 58, pl. 1, figs.
1-4.—* A. F.Gray, Am. Nat., XVII, 1883, p.1184.—*S. H. and B. H. WRient,
Conch. Ex., II, 1888, p. 105.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* SIMPSON,
Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 422, pl. Lxv, fig. 6.
Florida.
tUNIO MICANS Lea.
* Unio micans LBA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p. 85; *J1. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., V,
1862, p. 59, pl. 111, fig. 207; * Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 63, pl. 111, fig. 207.—* SOWERBY,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxv, fig. 182.—*B. H. Wrieut, Check List,
1888.—* PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 159.—* Stimpson, Pr. U. 8. Nat.
Mus., XV, 1892, p. 423, pl. LXV, fig. 3.
* Margaron (Unio) micans LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 45.
* Unio perlucens LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p.193; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
‘From an examination of specimens sent to the U. 8. National Museum by Mr.
Wright I referred this to U. buckleyi, in Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, p.417. The type is
now in the U. 8S. National Museum, and I believe it to be a rather compressed,
bright young U. jayensis.
2A form of coruscus a little less solid and inflated than the type, and quite brilliant.
2This name occurs in B. IL. Wright’s Check List, but the species was not described
until 1897. It scarcely differs from U. fryanus.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. (OLS
VI, 1866, p. 18, pl. v, fig. 16; Obs., XI, 1867, p. 22, pl. v, fig. 16.—* B. H. Wricurt,
Check List, 1888. _
* Margaron (Unio) perlucens LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 45.
North Carolina to South Georgia and Florida.
tUNIO PYGMEUS Lea.!
“Unio pygmeus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1852, p. 252; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X,
1852, p. 262, pl. xv, fig. 14; *Obs., V, 1852, p. 18, pl. xv, fig.14; *Conran,
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 256.—* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron( Unio) pygmeus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 48.
Abbeville District, South Carolina.
tUNIO LEHMANIL, S. H. Wright.
* Unio lehmanii, S. H. WRIGHT, Naut., X, 1897, 18: 138.—* Simpson, Pr. Acad. N.
Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 80, pl. Iv, fig. 9
St. Marys River, Florida.
tUNIO BURTCHIANUS S. H. Wright.
*Unio burtchianus S. H. WRIGHT, Naut., X, 1897, p. 1387.—-* Simpson, Pr. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., 1900, p. 80, pl. Iv, fig. 8.
St. Mary’s River, Florida.
tUNIO CONFERTUS Lea.
* Unio lugubris LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1834, p. 30, pl. rx, fig. 25; * Obs., IT, 1838,
p. 30, pl. rx, fig. 25.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg.,V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 235.—
*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 206; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 206, pl. xxu1, fig. 9.— ~
*CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., ILI, 1845, p. 53, pl. XV, figs. 1, la.—* CATLOW and
REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.60.—* Conrap, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1853,
p. 252.—* H. and A. ADAMS. Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.—* CHENU, III.
Conch., 1858, pl. xx, figs. 3, 3a, 3b.—*Sowersy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868,
pl. LXxx, fig. 423.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* P£TEL, Conch. Sam.,
ITI, 1890, p. 158.—* Simpson, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 424, pl. Lxvi,
fic. 4; Lxvu, fig. 1.
* Margarita (Unio) lugubris LEA, Syn., 1836, p.37; 1838, p. 24.
* Margaron (Unio) lugubris LEA, Syn:, 1852, p.38; 1870, p.53.
*t Unio confertus LeA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 103, pl. xvi, fig.47; *Obs., I,
p. 215, pl. xvI, fig. 47.—* FeRussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* HANLEY, Test.
Moll., 1842, p. 200; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 200, pl. x xu, fig. 34.—* CarLow and
REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 57.—* H. and A. ApAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II,
1857, p. 493.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxv, fig. 185.—* B. H.
WriGutT, Check List, 1888.—* P®TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148.
* Margarita( Unio) confertus LEA, Syn., 1836, p.31; 1838, p. 22.
* Margaron (Unio) confertus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 53.
*t Unio geddingsianus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soe. I, 1840, p. 285; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.,
VIII, 1842, p. 202, pl. x1, fig. 15; * Obs., III, 1842, p. 40, pl.xi, fig. 15.—* ConRaD,
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II,
1857, p. 493.—* CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, pl. xxx1, figs. 3, 3a, 3b.—* B. H.
Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* P#TeEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 153.
* Margaron ( Unio) geddingsianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 53.
1Only a single broken right valve of this is in the Lea collection.
2The name lugubris applied first to this species will have to give way to confertus
because Say used lugubris at an earlier date for a Unio.
Op PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSECM. VOL. XI.
* Unio Bain CONRAD, Pr Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1V, 1849, p. 154; * Ann. and
Mag., IV, 1849, p. 301; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1850, p. 276, pl. xxxvil,
ayer, DE IPARY ANG, I Seite nies, VI, 1853, p. 251.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen.
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa Ts, -
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 157.
* Margaron (Unio) limatulus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p. 52.
*t Unio whiteianus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 258, pl. xiv, fig. 8.—* Obs., V,
1852, p. 14, pl. xiv, fig. 8.—* H. and A. JNDESSIB) Gen., Rec. Moli., II, 1857,
p. 493. ee H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* P&TEL, Coneh. Sam., III, 1890,
p. 172.
* Margaron ( Unio) whiteianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 53.
* Unio vibex CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 260.! :
* t+ Unio similis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1X, 1857, p. 169; * J]. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1858, p.91, pl. xix, fig. 71; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 91, pl. x1x, fig. 71.—* B. H.
WriGHrt, Check List, 1888.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 167.
* Margaron (Unio) similis LEA, Syn., 1852, p.52; 1870, p. 53.
“t+ Unio protensus Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1865, p. 88; ~J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VI, 1868, p. 256, pl. XxX1, fig. 71; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 16, pl. xxx1, fig, 71.—*B.
H. WriGut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron ( Unio) protensus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 60.
* + Unio radiolus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p. 192; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VIII, 1874, p. 21, pl. vi, fig. 18; * Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 25, pl. vi, fig. 18.—* B. H.
WriGnt, Check List, 1888.
North Carolina to Florida.
t UNIO INSULSUS Lea.
* Unio insulsus Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p. 86; * Jl. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., IX,
1862, p. 53, pl.1, fig. 199; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p.57, pl. 1, fig. 199.—* B. H. Wrient,
Check List, 1888.—* Simpson, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 422, pl. txv,
figs. 1,5.
* Margaron ( Unio) insulsus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 53.
*+t? Unio lucidus Lra,? Pr. Ac. N, Sci. Phila,, VII, 1863, p. 192; * Jil. Acs N. Set.
Phila., VI, 1866,p. 9, pl. u, fig. 6; ~Obs., XI, 1867, p. 13, pl. ro fig. 6.—* B. H.
Wricut, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) lucidus Lea, Syn , 1870, p. 48.
* +t Unio cistelliformis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 192; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 19, pl. v1, fig. 17; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 23, pl. vi, fig. 17.—
*B. H. WriGcut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) cistelliformis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52.
North Carolina to Florida.
+ UNIO OBNUBILUS Lea.
*Unio obnubilus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 169; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., IV, 1858, p. 84, pl. xvu1, fig.64; * Obs., VI, 1858, p. 84, pl. xvn, fig. 64.—
*SIMPSON, Pr. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 424, pl. Lxvi, fig. 3.
*Margaron (Unio) obnubilus LEa, ca pi l8T0; ps o3:
*t+Unio opacus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p, 169; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1858, p. 86, pl. xviii, fig. 66; * Obs., VI, 1858, p. 86, pl. xvuit, fig. 66.—
*B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 161.
‘Conrad here states that his vibex first whiteianus of Lea, and then zeiglerianus of
Lea. The latter is totally different from whiteianus.
2Very near U. confertus. Itis probably a delicate, light-colored, rayed insulsus.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. Healing
* Margaron (Unio) opacus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52.
*tUnio equatus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p.170; *J1, Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
1858, p. 89, pl. xrx, fig. 69; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 89, pl. xix, fig. 69.—* B. H.
WriGcutT, Check List, 1888.
- *Margaron (Unio) wquatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52.
*tUnio viridicatus LEA, Pr. Ate, N. Sei. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 170; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., IV, 1858, p. 87, pl. xviul, fig. 67; * Obes VI, 1858, pl. xviut, fig. 67.
* Margaron (Unio) viridicatus Lea, Syn., 1870, p.52.
*t Unio hepaticus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 154; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 348, pl. Lv, fig. 173; *Obs., VIII, p. 30, pl. Lv, fig. 173.—
*B. H. Wriacut, Check List, 1888.—* Pater, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 154.
* Margaron (Unio) hepaticus La, Syn., 1870, p. 52.
*t Unio santeénsis Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., J. 1871, p. 193.—* Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VIII, 1874, p. 20, pl. vi, fig.17; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 24, pl. vi, fig. 17.—*B. H.
Wricut, Check List, 1888.
*t Unio nolanit B. H. Wricut, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1888, p. 116, pl. rv, fig. 11;
Check List, 1888.
South Carolina to Florida.
+UNIO FUSCATUS Lea.
*Unio fuscatus LEA, Dese. 12 Uniones, 1843 (no pagination).—* Tr. Am. Phil.
Soc., IX, 1845?, p. 277, pl. xu, fig. 4; Obs., IV, 1848, p. 35, pl. x1, fig. 4.—
*CoNRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250.—*H. and A. ADams, Gen.
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—* KusrEer, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1848, p. 203, pl.
LXViu, fig. 2.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xx1, fig. 95.—* PATEL,
Conch, Sam., III, 1890, p. 153.—* Simpson, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1892, p
420, pl. Lx1u1, figs. 2, 4.—*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) fuscatus Lra, Syn., 1852, p. 30; 1870, p. 48.
Florida.
tUNIO OCCULTUS Lea.
*Unio occultus LEA, Desc. 12 Uniones, 1843 (no pagination).—Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.,
IX, 1845?, p. 279, pl. x1, fig. 7; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 37, pl. x1, fig. 7.—* H. and
A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moil., II, 1857, p. 494.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio,
1861, p. 223, pl. LXxv, fig. 3.—* B. H. WricHt, Check List, 1888.—* P&rTsEt,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 161,—* Simpson, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p.
420, pl. Lx, figs. 5, 6.
* Margaron ( Unio) occultus LEA, Syn., 1852, p.48; 1870, p. 48.
Florida.
tUNIO ARCTATUS Conrad.
* Unio arctatus CONRAD, Am. JI. Sei., XXV, 1834, p. 340, pl.1, fig.9; * New F. W.
Shells, 1834, p. 36, pl. v, fig. 4, p. 67.—* MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 200.—
* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 207; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 207, pl. x x11, fig. 47.—
* CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 56.—* CHENu, Bib. Conch., 1st
ser., III, 1845, p. 19, pl. 11, fig. 10.—* Conrap, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p.
245, —* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.—* KusTEr, Conch.
Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 195, pl. Lx11, fig. 3. _*B, H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—
* PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 144.
* Margarita (Unio) ar Gute LEA, Syn., 1856, p. 38; 1838, p. 25.
*Margaron (Unio) arctatus Lma, Syn., 1852, p. 38; 1870, p. 62.
718 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
+UNIO ARCTATUS var. TORTIVUS Lea.
*+ Unio tortivus Lua,! Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840,p. 287; Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842,
p. 204, pl. xu, fig. 17; Obs., IIT, 1842, p. 42, pl. x11, fig. 17.—*CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N.
Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p.259.—H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857,p. 493. —
* CHENU, Il. Conch., 1858, pl. xxix, figs. 6, 6a, 6b.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon.,
XVI, 1866, pl. xxxv1, fig. 193.—* B. H. WricuT, Check List, 1888.—* Parst,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 169.—*Simpson, Pr. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p.
421, pl. Lx11l, fig.8; LXIV, figs. 1, 3, 4.
*Margaron (Unio) tortivus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 53.
*t Unio tetricus Ima, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 170; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1859, p. 195, pl. xxl, fig. 78; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 13, pl. xxu, fig. 78.—
* KuSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 276, pl. xcl, fig.7; xcu1, fig. 3.—* B. H.
WriGut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 169.
*Margaron (Unio) tetricus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 53.
*tUnio purpurellus Lra,? Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 171; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., IV, 1859, p. 19, pl. xxi, fig. 81; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 16, pl. xxuu,
fig. 81.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) purpurellus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 53.
*+ Unio mercert LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1862, p. 169; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., V, 1862, p. 209, pl. xxx1, fig. 278; *Obs., IX, 1863, p. 31, pl. xxx1,
fig. 278.—*B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 159.
* Margaron ( Unio) merceri LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 61.
Florida; South Georgia; the type west to the Black Warrior River,
Alabama.
tUNIO NIGELLUS Lea.
* Unio nigellus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1852, p. 251; *Tr.Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852,
p. 283, pl. xxIv, fig. 42; *Obs., V, 1852, p. 39, pl. xx1v, fig. 42.—* CONRAD, Pr.
Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 253.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II,
1857, p. 494.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—*Pa«TEL, Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 161.
* Margaron ( Unio) nigellus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 30; 1870, p. 53.
*+ Unio denigratus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 171; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., IV, 1859, p. 200, pl. x x11, fig. 83; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 18, pl. xxm1,
fig. 83.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* Simpson, Pr. U. 8. Nat. Mus.,
XV, 1892, p. 422, pl. Lxv, fig. 1. E
*Margaron (Unio) denigratus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52.
Chattahoochee River system: south into Florida.
t UNIO PINEI B. H. Wright.
*Unio pinei B. H. WricuT, Naut., XI, 1897, p. 40.—* Simpson, Pr. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., 1900, p. 80, pl. 111, fig. 1.
North Florida.
1 Unio arctatus is a widely distributed, abundant, and variable species, ranging
from the Black Warrior River to southern Florida. I have examined a great amount
of material from the Black Warrior and Cahawba rivers (collected by Call), from
the Flint and Chattahoochee rivers from the Lea and other collections, and I feel
reasonably sure that all the species I have united should go together.
2T believe this to be a small, somewhat inflated form of arctatus.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON, 719
t UNIO OSCARI B. H. Wright.
*Unio oscari B. H. WRIGHT, Naut., V, 1892, p. 124; IX, 1896, p. 122, pl. 11, figs. 1-3.
Florida.
tUNIO HAZELHURSTIANUS Lea.
" Unio hazelhurstianus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., If, 1858, p.166; *J!. Ac. N. Sei.
Phila., IV, 1859, p. 211, pl. xxv1, fig.92; *~Obs., VII, 1859, p. 29, pl. xxv1, fig.
92.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VI, 1866, pl. xxxV, fig. 188.—* B. H.WriGHr
Check List, 1888.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 154.
* Margaron (Unio) hazelhurstianus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 60.
r)
Southern Georgia.
tUNIO BUXTONI B. H. Wright.
*Unio buxtont B. H. WRIGHT, Naut., XI, 1897, p. 55.—* Smumpson, Pr. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., 1900, p. 80, pl. 1, fig. 6.
Marion County, Florida.
t UNIO FERRISSII Marsh.
* Unio ferrissitti MARSH, Naut., V, 1891, p. 30.'—* Simpson, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV,
1892, p. 423, pl. LX VI, figs. 1, 2.
Small creek near Palatka, Florida.
tUNIO DOREI B. H. Wright.
*Unio doret B. H. WRIGHT,? Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1888, p. 115, pl. 111, fig. 1.
Lake Monroe, Florida.
(Group of Unio striatulus.)
' Skell subsolid, rhomboid oval, with a well-developed post ridge
ending in a point below; beaks full, with numerous subparallel,
slightly corrugated, strong ridges; epidermis rayless or faintly rayed,
with a few wrinkles on the posterior slope; pseudocardinals stumpy;
laterals straight. Animal unknown.
t UNIO STRIATULUS Lea.
*Unio striatulus La, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p. 86; * JI. Acad. N. Sci.
Phila., V, 1862, p. 55, pl. 11, fig. 202.—~ Obs., VIII, 1862, p.59, pl. m1, fig. 202,—
*SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxu1, fig. 367.—* B. H. WRIGHT,
Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 168.
* Margaron ( Unio) striatulus, LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 37.
Roanoke River; Welden and Salem, North Carolina.
! This was first published in the Joliet Weekly News, a newspaper, May 1, 1891.
It is a puzzling form, having something the shape of the variety orcutti of U. buck-
leyi, but has plications on the posterior slope such as are found in the Crassidens
group.
2T do not know where to place this form, of which I have only seen the type.
The figure is not very accurate, and I formerly thought it a variety of U. buckley?,
but on seeing the type I believe itis not that. Itseems to combine characters of the
Buckleyi aud Crassidens groups.
720 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
t UNIO AMABILIS Lea.
*Unio amabilis La, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., 1X, 1865, p. 89; * Jl. Acad. N. Sci.
Phila:, Vil, 1869; p-. 2o7, pl. xxx, figs 72: “Obs: xell 1869) pati. placket
fig. 72.—* B. H. Wright, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) amabilis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 37.
Butler, Taylor County, Georgia; North Carolina?
UNIO SUBPLANUS Conrad.
Unio subplanus CONRAD, Monog., IX, 18387, p. 73, pl. x1, fig.1; * Pr. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.—* HaNLEY, Biv. Shells, Supp., 1856, p. 383, pl. xX1,
fig. 16.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—* Kuster,
Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 272, pl. xc, fig. 5.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List,
1888.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 168.
* Margaron (Unio) subplanus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 54.
*Unio subplanum SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. XLVH, fig. 252.
North Carolina and Virginia.
UNIO BRIMLEYI S. H. Wright.
*Unio brimleyi S. H. WRIGHT, Naut., X, 1897, p. 138; * Simpson, Pr. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., 1900, p. 80, pl. 1Vv, fig. 6.
Neuse River and Irwin’s Creek, North Carolina.
(Group of Unio complanatus.)
Shell elongate trapezoidal, moderately solid, but little inflated, nearly
straight below, with a posterior ridge, usually biangulate behind;
beaks not prominent, sculptured with several coarse, parallel ridges
which follow the growth lines or are nearly straight. Hpidermis some-
times shining and feebly rayed, becoming rough and rayless with age;
laterals straight or slightly curved; beak cavities shallow.
Animal with the marsupium occupying all or nearly all of the outer
branchiz; gills long, rounded below, inner much the larger, free nearly
or quite their whole length from the abdominal sac.
+ UNIO COMPLANATUS (Solander) Dillwyn.!
Mya complanata SOLANDER, manuscript (no date).—* PORTLAND catalogue, 1786,
p. 100, Lot 2190.—* Dittwyn, Cat., I, 1817, p. 51.
*Unio complanata DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 559; 3d ed., II,
1839, p. 676.
| This species was described by Solander in Latin, but the manuscript was never
published and is now in the British Museum. Mr. Edgar A. Smith kindly examined
it for me and informed me that Dillwyn’s description in the catalogue is a transla-
tion from Solander. The name Mya complanata was used by Lister in Hist. Sive.
Conch. (1770, p. 150), but Lister was not a binomial author. The Portland catalogue
is anonymous, and a mere sale list. I have done my best to straighten out the syn-
onymy of this variable and exceedingly puzzling group, and have examined nearly
all the types and a great amount of material. In some cases, as in the Buckleyi
eroup, there seem to be no specific lines whatever.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 721
od B.
* Unio complanatus FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26.—* GouLpD, Inv. of Mass.,
" 1841, p. 107, figs. 68-70.—* BINNEY, 2d ed., Inv. of Mass., 1870, p. 167, fig.
472.—* C. B. ADAMS, Thompson’s Hist. Vt., 1842, p. 167.—* HANLEy, Test.
Moll., 1842, p. 199; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 199, pl. xx1, fig. 20.—* DE Kay, Zool.
of N. Y., Pt. 5, 1843, p. 188, pl. xxu1, fig. 246.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch.
Nom., 1845, p.57.—* STIMPSON, Shells of N. Eng., 1851, p. 13.—* AGassiz, Arch.
fiir Nat., I, 1852, p. 50.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 247.—
KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 137, pl. x1, fig. 2.—*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen.
Rec. Moll., I, 1857, p. 493.—* HARTMAN and MICHENER, Conch. Cest., 1874,
p. 86, fig. 181.—* LATCHFORD, Tr. Ottawa Field Nat. Cl., 1882, p. 49.—* B. H.
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* H. CARPENTER, Naut., III, 1889, p. 93.—* Pa-
TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148.
*Margarita ( Unio) complanatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 30: 1838, p. 22.
*Margaron (Unio) complanatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p. 51.
* 2Unio violaceus SPENGLER, Skriv. Nat. Selsk. III, 1793, p. 55.
*2? Unio purpureus Say, Nich. Enc., II, 1816, pl. 11, fig. 1; N. Harm. Diss., II, No.
21, 1829, p. 324.—* ConraD, New I’. W. Shells, 1834, p.71.—* SowERBy, Rich.
Faun. Boreali Am., ITI, 1836, p. 316.—* L. W. Say, Terr. and Fluv. Shells, 1840,
p. 7.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lx vi, fig. 346.
*Mya purpurea EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 2.
*?Unio purpurea DESHAYES, Encyc. Méth. II, 1827, p. 151, pl. 249, fig. 5.
*Unio rarisulcata LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 72.—*Lna, Obs., I, 1834, p.
200.—DEsHAYEs, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 534.
*Unio coarctata LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 73.—* LEA, Obs., I, 1834, p.
200.—DESHAYES, Encye. Méth., II, 1830, p.581; * An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI,
1835, p. 535; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 668.—*? SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl.
XXXIV, fig. 178.
*Unio purpurascens LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 73.—DESHAYES, Enc.
Méth., IT, 1830, p.581.—*L«a, Obs., I, 1834, p. 200.—DEsuayes, An. sans Vert.,
2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 535; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 668.
*Unio georgiana LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 74.—* Lea, Obs., I, 1834, p.
201.—DEsHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 536; 3ded., II, 1839, p. 668,
*Unio rhombula LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p.74.—* DEsHAyYEs, An. sans
Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 5386; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 668.
*Unio rhombula LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 74.—*Lma, Obs., I, 1834, p.
200.—* DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 536; 3d ed., II, 1839, p.
668.—*? DELESSERT, Rec. Coq. Sam., 1841, pl. x11, fig. 8.
“Unio carinifera LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 74.—* Lra, Obs., I, 1834, p.
201.—DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 536; 3d ed., II, 1839, p.
668.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 176, pl. LVI, fig. 1.
*Unio glabrata LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 75.—* Lua, Obs., I, 1834, p.
201.—DEsHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 537; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 669.
*Unio sulcidens LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p.77.—* Lxa, Obs., I, 1834, p.
202.—DEsHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 539; 3d ed., II, 1839, p.
670.—*? DELESSERT, Rec. Coq. Sam., 1841, pl. xu, fig. 3.—* CHENu, III.
Conch., 1858, pl. x11, figs. 5, 5a.
*Unio virginiana LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p.79.—DESHAYEs, An. sans
Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 544; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 671.
Unio fluviatilis GREEN, Jl. Mac. Lyceum, 1827, p. 41.
* ? Unio raveneli CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p.39, pl. v1, fig. 4,! p. 71.—* Fer-
UssAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 206.—
‘It is hardtosay whatthis is. The figure is like complanatus, but the shell, which
is labeled raveneli Conrad and is in the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences,
is like lugubris.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii——46
(2% PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. xxt.
* CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III, p. 9, pl. m1, fig. 8.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac.
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 256.—* B. H. Wriaur, Check List, 1888.
’ * Margarita (Unio) watereensis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 31; ' 1838, p. 22.
* Margaron ( Unio) watereensis, LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 53.
* Unio watereensis, H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.493.—P «TEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 172.
*tUnio grigithianus, LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 103, pl. xv, fig.46; Obs., I,
1834, p. 215, pl. xv, fig. 46.—* Ferussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* HANLEY,
Test. Moll., 1842, p.199; * Biv. Shells, 1845, p. 199, pl. x x11, fig. 28.—* CaTLow
and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.59.—*ConrabD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853,
p. 250.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p 493.—* KusTEeR,Conch.
Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 208, pl. Lx1x, fig. 2.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868,
pl. LxxxIx, fig. 449.—* B. H. Wrient, Check List, 1888.—* ParreL, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 154.
* Margarita (Unio) griffithianus, LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 31; 1838, p. 22.
* Margaron (Unio) grifithianus, LEa, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 52.
*+ Unio planilaterus, CONRAD, Monog., XII (no date after 1838), p. 103, pl. Lvn,
fig.1; Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 255.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List,
1888.—* Pa&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 163.
* Margaron (Unio) planilaterus, LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 51.
*+ Unio fuliginosus, LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 164; Tr. Am. Phil. Soe.,
‘X, 1848, p. 78, pl. vu, fig. 19.
*t Unio rufusculus Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1852, p. 252; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X,
1852, p. 258, pl. xiv, fig. 7; *~Obs., V, 1852, p. 14, pl. xiv, fig. 7.—* Conran,
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257.—* H. and A. ApAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll.,
II, 1857, p. 493.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxiu, fig. 377.—
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEeL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 166.
* Margaron (Unio) rufusculus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 54.
*Mya rigida Woop, Ind. Test. Rev., 1856, p. 200, pl.1, supp. fig. 10.
*+t Unio abbevillensis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p. 84; * Jl. Ac. N. Sei. Phila.,
IV, 1858, p. 51, pl. vi, fig. 34; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 51, pl. vi, fig. 34.—*B. H.
Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 1438.
*Margaron (Unio) abbevillensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52.
*t Unio contractus Lira, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., I, 1857, p. 86; “JI. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
V, 1862, p. 203, pl. xx1x, fig. 272; *Obs., IX, p.25, pl. xxix, fig..272.—*B. H.
Wriacut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron ( Unio) contractus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 61.
*tUnio virens Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 169; *J1. Ac. N. Sei. Phila.,
IV, 1858, p. 80, pl. xvi, fig. 60; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 80, pl. xvi, fig. 60.—
*B. H. Wriecut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) virens LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52.
*t Unio savannahensis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 169; *Jl. Ac. N. Sei.
Phila., 1V, 1858, p. 81, pl. xvi, fig. 61; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 81, pl. xv, fig. 61.—
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron ( Unio) savannahensis La, Syn., 1870, p. 51.
*tCnio subflavus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 170; *J1. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., IV, 1858, p. 90, pl. x1x, fig. 70; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 90, pl. xrx, fig. 70.—
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron ( Unio) subflavus LEa, Syn., 1870, p. 52.
*tUnio neusensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IJ, 1858, p. 41; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
V, 1859, p. 60, pl. tv, fig. 208; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 64, pl. Iv, fig. 208.—* B. H.
WriGHrT, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron ( Unio) neusensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 51.
‘Lea changed the name raveneli to watereensis, because the name ravenelianus had
been applied by him to a Unio.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 723
=tT no eractus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p.41; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
V, 1862, p: 62; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 66, pl. rv, fig. 210.—* B. H. Wriceu7,
Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) exactus LEA,-Syn., 1870, p. 43.
*+Unio roswellensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 165; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., 1V, 1859, p. 205, pl. xxiv, fig. 87; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 23, pl. xxiv,
fig. 87.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) roswellensis Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 51.
*tUnio postellii Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 165; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1859, p. 214, pl. xxvi, fig. 94; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 32, pl. xxv1, fig. 94.—
* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. XLVI, p. 255.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check
List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) postellit LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 51.
*+ Unio baldwinensis Lra, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 170; “Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., TV, 1860, p. 330, pl. Li, fig. 155; *~Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 12, pl. 11, fig.
155.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) baldwinensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 51.
*+ Unio raeensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p.171; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1860, p. 331, pl. Lu, fig. 156; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 13, pl. Lu, fig. 156.—* B. H.
WriGut, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) raeensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52.
*tUnio quadratus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 172; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 338, pl. Liv, fig. 163; * Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 20, pl. LIv, fig.
163.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) quadratus La, Syn., 1870, p. 54.
*+ Unio squameus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p.391; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
V, 1862, p. 200, pl. xxvul, fig. 269; * Obs., IX, 1863, p. 22, pl. xxvii, fig. 269.—
~B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) squameus LEA, Synu., 1870, p. 51.
*Unio lugubris KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 234, pl. LX xx, fig. 1.
*t Unio weldonensis Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 191; *J1l. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 11, pl. 111, fig. 8; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 15, pl. 101, fig, 8.—
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) weldonensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. d1.
*+Unio gastonensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 191; “Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 20, pl. v1, fig. 18; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 24, pl. v1, fig. 18.—
*B. H. WricutT, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) gastonensis L&a, Syn., 1870, p. 51.
* +t Unio aberrans LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 191; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VI, 1866, p.7, pl. 1, fig. 3; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 11, pl.1, fig. 3.—* B. H. WRIGHT,
Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) aberrans LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52.
*+ Unio mecklenbergensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 191; *Jl. Ac. N.
Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 17, pl. v, fig. 15; * Obs., XI, 1867, p. 21, pl. v, fig. 15.—
*B. H. WricGutT, Check List, 1888.
Margaron (Unio) mecklenbergensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 51.
*t Unio raleighensis Lra, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p.191; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1866, p.6, pl. 1, fig. 2; * Obs., XI, 1867, p. 10, pl. 1, fig. 2.—* B. H.
WriGur, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron ( Unio) raleighensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52.
*tUnio mediocris Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 192; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 24, pl. vul, fig. 22; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 28, pl. vu, fig. 22.
*Margaron (Unio) mediocris LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52.
*t Unio indefinitus LEA, Pr, Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 192; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 15, pl. 1v, fig. 12; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 12, pl. rv, fig. 112.—
*B. H. WriGHT, Check List, 1888.
724 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
* Margaron (Unio) indefinitus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 51.
*+Unio humerosus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 161; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1868, p. 301, pl. xLv, fig. 113; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 61, pl. XLy, fig.
113.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) humerosus Lua, Syu., 1870, p. 51.
“t+ Unio beaverensis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 161; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. ©
Phila., V1, 1868, p. 297, pl. xutv, fig. 109.—* Obs., XII, 1869, p. 57, pl. xzrv,
fig. 109.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron ( Unio) beaverenses LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52.
* Unio bleaverenses PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 146.
*@ Unio neglectus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxv, fig. 329.
* Unio tortuosus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxv, fig. 330.—* PaTEL,
Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 169.
* Unio uhareensis Lra, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 145; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1868, p. 304, pl. xLv1, fig. 116; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 63, pl. XLVI,
fig. 116.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) uhareensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52.
*+ Unio nubilus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p.161; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VI, 1868, p. 298, pl. xLrv, fig. 110; *Obs., XII, p. 58, pl. xrv, fig. 110.—* B. H.
WricutT, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) nubilus Lra, Syn., 1870, p. 51.
*+ Unio yadkinensis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 156; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 32, pl. x, fig. 29; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 36, pl. x, fig. 29.—
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155.
*+ Unio amplus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 157; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VIII, 1874, p. 39, pl. x11, fig. 36; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 43, pl. x11, fig. 36.-—
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
*t Unio ligatus Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 157; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VIII, 1874, p. 49, pl. xvi, fig. 47; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 53, pl. xvu, fig. 47;
*B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.
“t+ Unio subparallelus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 158; * Jl. Ac. N, Sci.
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 46, pl. xvi, fig.44; Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 50, pl. xvi, fig.
44,—* B, H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.
*+ Unio irwinensis Lia, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 159; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VIII, 1874, p. 44, pl. xv, fig. 42; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 48, pl. xv, fig. 42.—*B.
H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
*+ Unio curvatus LA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 159; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VIII, 1874, p. 38, pl. xu, fig. 35; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 42, pl. x1, fig. 35.
“+Unio subsquamosus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 160; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 47, pl. xvi, fig. 45; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 51, pl. xvi,
fig. 45.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.
*+ Unio infuscus LBA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 160; *J1l. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VIII, 1874, p. 51, pl. xvur, fig. 49; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 55, pl. xvi, fig. 49.—
* PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155.
*t+Unio ratus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 160; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VIII, 1874, p. 52, pl. xv, fig. 51; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 56, pl. x vin, fig. 51;
*B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—*PatTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 165.
* + Unio basalis Lma, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 161; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VIII, 1874, p. 48, pl. xvi, fig. 46; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 52, pl. xvi, fig. 46.—
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
*tUnio swbolivaceus Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1873, p.422; *J1. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 57, pl. xx, fig. 56; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 61, pl. xx, fig.
56.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. y
*+Unio infulgens Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1873, p. 422; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 60, pl. xx1, fig. 59; *“Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 64, pl. xx1, fig.
59.—* B. H. Wricut. Check List, 1888. ;
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 725
*+Unio cirratus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1873, p. 422; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VIII, 1874, p. 5d, pl. xrx, fig. 53; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 59, pl. xix, fig. 53.—
*B. H. Wriaat, Check List, 1888.
*tUnio corneus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1873, p. 423; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 59, pl. xx, fig. 58; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 63, pl. xx, fig.
_58.—*B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.
*+ Unio invenustus Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1875, p. 424; *J1. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 66, pl. xxu, fig. 62; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 70, pl. xx11,
fig. 62.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
*t Arconaia provancheriana PILSBRY, Nat. Canadienne, XX, 1890, p.171; *Pr. Ac.
N. Sci. Phila., 1892, p..132, pl. vu, figs. 4—6.!
+ UNIO COMPLANATUS var. JEJUNUS Lea.
* Unio jejunus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 9, pl. Iv, fig. 9; *Obs., II,
1838, p. 9, pl. 1v, fig. 9.—* TroscHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 234.—
*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 199; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 199, pl. xx, fig.
47.—* CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 60.—* Conran, Pr. Ac. N.
Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251.—* H. and A. ApAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.
493.—* KustTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 265, pl. xc, fig. 1.—* ?SowErBy,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lx vii, fig. 547.2—* B. H. Wrigut, Check List,
1888.—P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155.
* Margarita (Unio) jejunus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 30; 1838, p. 22.
* Margaron ( Unio) jejunus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p. 51.
*tUnio percoarctatus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p.85; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., V, 1862, p. 59, pl. 1, fig. 206; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 63, pl. m1, fig. 206.—
*SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. LIV, fig. 277.—* B. H. Wrient, Check
List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 163.
* Margaron (Unio) percoarctatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 51.
+ UNIO COMPLANATUS var. QUADRILATERUS Lea.
*Unio squalidus Lua, in part, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIJ, 1863, p.192; Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 22, pl. vu, fig. 20; Obs., XI, 1867, p. 26, pl. vu, fig. 20.—* B.
H. WriGut, Check List, 1888.—* Simpson, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 429,
pl. LXXxI, fig. 14.
* Margaron (Unio) squatidus Lea, Syn., 1870, p 51.
*+ Unio quadrilaterus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p.192; Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 5, pl. 1, fig. 1; Obs., XI, 1867, p. 9, pl. 1, fig. 1.—* B. H.
Wriaut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) quadrilaterus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 51.
Atlantic drainage from the St. Lawrence to Georgia; west in the
British possessions to Manitoba?
tUNIO CATAWBENSIS Lea.
* Unio wheatleyi Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1857, I, p.85;° * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
V, 1861, p.54, pl.1, fig. 200; Obs., VIII, p. 58, pl. 1, fig. 200.—* B. H. Wriaut,
Check List, 1888.—* Pate, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 147.
* Margaron ( Unio) catawbensis Lra, Syn., 1870, p. 52.
1Said to come from Yamaska River, China. The type is a twisted Unio complanatus,
probably from Canada.
2Tn errata he savs this is depressus of @Orbigny, not Lamarck. It is hard to say
what it is.
3 Preoccupied by Lea and changed by him to catawbensis.
726 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
* Unio rostrum Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1861, p.391; *Jl. Ac. N. Sei. Phila.,
V, 1862, p. 201, pl. xx1x, fig. 270; Obs., IX, 1863, p. 23, pl. xxx, fig. 270.—* B. H.
WriGut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) rostrum LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52.
* + Unio oblongus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 158; ~Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VIII, 1874, p. 52, pl. xvut, fig. 50; Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 56, pl. xvii, fig. 50.
North Carolina.
+ UNIO TUOMEYI Lea.
* Unio tuomeyi Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 256, pl. xi, fig.4; *Obs., V,
1852, p. 12, pl. xm, fig. 4.—* H.and A. ApAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.
493.—* B. H. WrieuT, Check List, 1888.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,
p. 170. d
*Margaron (Unio) tuomeyi LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 335 1870, p. 53.
*t Unio barrattit LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 256, pl. x1, fig.5; *Obs.,V,
1852, p. 12, pl. x11, fig. 5.—* ConrRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245.—
*H.and A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.491.—* B. H. Wrient, Check
List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) barrattii LEA, Syn., 1852, p.37; 1870, p. 245.
* Unio barrotti PHTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 145.
*t Unio pullatus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 262; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., IV, 1858, p. 57, pl. vu, fig. 39; *Obs., VI, 1258, p.57, pl. vim, fig. 39.—
*KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1871, p. 247, pl. LXxxiu, fig.3.—* SOWERBY,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXv1, fig. 335.—*B. H. Wricut, Check List,
1¢88.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 164.
*Margaron (Unio) pullatus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 60.
*t Unio sublatus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 169; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1858, p. 82, pl. xvi, fig. 62; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 82, pl. x v1, fig. 62.—*B. H.
WriGut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) sublatus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 57.
*+t Unio fumatus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p.171; * Jl. Ac. N. Sei. Phila.,
IV, 1858, p. 88, pl. xvul, fig. 68; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 88, pl. xvin, fig. 68.—
*B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) fumatus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 52.
*tUnio viridiradiatus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., III, 1859, p. 154; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., IV, 1860, p.336, pl. Li, fig. 161; *Obs., VIII, p. 18, pl. Lim, fig. 161.—
*B.H.WriacuHt, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) viridiradiatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 46.
*tUnio viridans Lea, Pr. Ac. N.Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 170; “Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 337, pl. LIV, fig. 162; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 19, pl. x1Vv, fig.
162.—*B. H. WriGuaT, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) viridans LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52.
*t Unio hallenbeckti Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 170; *J1. Ac. N. Sei.
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 328, pl. LI, fig. 15453! *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 10, pl. 11, fig. 154,.—
*B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) hallenbeckit LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52.
*tUnio salebrosus Lra, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila, XI, 1859, p. 170; *J1. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 332, pl. Lu, fig. 157; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 14, pl. Li, fig.
157.—*B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,
p. 166.
*Margaron ( Unio) salebrosus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52.
*tUnio verutus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 171; *Jl. Ac. WW. Sei.
1 Extra copies of the paper containing this species were published in December,
1858.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 727
Phila., IY, 1860, pl. Lin, fig. 160; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 17, pl. Lim, fig. 160.—
*B. H. WrieuT, Check List, 1888.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 171.
* Margaron ( Unio) verutus Lia, Syn., 1870, p. 57.
*t Unio chathamensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 191; “Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 21, pl. vi, fig.19; *“Obs., XI, 1867, p. 25, pl. v1, fig. 19.—
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
Margaron (Unio) chathamensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 53.
*t Unio hastatus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1873, p. 423; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 56, pl. xrx, fig. 54; “Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 60, pl. xrx, fig.
54.—"B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.
*tUnio dooleyensis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1873, p. 424; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 64, pl. xxu, fig. 60; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 68, pl. x x11,
fig. 60.—* B. H. Wriacut, Check List, 1888. :
*t Unio gesnerit Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1874, p.424; “Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VIII, 1874, p. 65, pl. xxi, fig. 64; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 69, pl. xxu, fig. 61.—
*SoOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxx1tv, fig. 446.—* B. H. Wricurt,
Check List, 1888.
North Carolina to Alabama.
+t UNIO OCMULGEENSIS Lea.
*Unio ocmulgeensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 38; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
V, 1862, p. 95, pl. xiv, fig. 243; *~Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 99, pl. xiv, fig. 243.—
*Smmpson, Pr. U. &. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 424, pl. Lxvul, fig. 5.—*B. H.
WRiGHT, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) ocmulgeensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 57.
Georgia.
+UNIO AQUILUS Lea.
* Unio aquilus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p.172; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1858, p. 92, pl. xx, fig.72; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 92, pl. xx, fig. 72.—*B. H.
WriGHt, Check List, 1888.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 144.
*Margaron (Unio) aquilus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 60.
South Georgia and northern Florida.
tUNIO ICTERINUS Conrad.
* Unio icterinus CONRAD, New EF. W. Shells, 1834, pl. vi, fig.5, p. 69.—* FERUSSAC,
Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* CONRAD, Monog., IV, 1836, p. 39, pl. xv11l, fig. 2.—
*MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 206.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., III,
1845, p. 20, pl. 1, fig. 5.—*Conrapb, Pr. Ac. N.Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250.—
*B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.
“tUnio fuliginosus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 164; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soce.,
X, 1848, p. 78, pl. vu, fig. 19; * Obs., IV., 1848, p. 52, pl. vu, fig. 19.—*CoNnrRab,
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250.—*H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll.,
II, 1857, p. 493.—* Bb. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam.,
ILI, 1890, p. 153.
*Margaron (Unio) fuliginosus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 53.
*tUnio cuvierianus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IX, 1852, p. 263, pl. xvi, fig. 16;
Obs., V, 1852, p. 19, pl. xv, fig. 16.—*Conrap, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI,
1853, p. 248.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—*B. H.
WriGuHrt, Check List, 1888.—*PatTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 150.
*Margaron (Unio) cuvierianus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p. 51.
*t Unio curatus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci.Phila., VII, 1863, p. 193; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
728 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
VI, 1866, p. 23, pl. vu, fig. 21; Obs., XI, 1867, p. 27, pl. vil, fig. 21.—*B. H.
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—*P «TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p.149.
*Margaron (Unio) curatus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 46.
*+ Unio datus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p.161; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VI, 1868, p. 299, pl. xLIVv, fig. 3; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 59, pl. xLIv, fig.3.—* B. H. ~
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 150.
*Margaron (Unio) datus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 45.
*Unio vatus PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 172.
*+ Unio cuspidatus, LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IT, 1872, p.159; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VIII, 1874, p. 43, pl. xiv, fig. 50; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p.47, pl. xtv, fig. 40.—
*B. H. Wriacut, Check List, 1888.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 150.
North Carolina to Georgia.
+UNIO ROANOKENSIS Lea.
* Margarita (Unio) roanokensis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 30; 1838, p. 21.
* Unio roanokensis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 27, pl. vin, fig. 21; Obs.,
II, 1838, p. 27, pl. vi, tig. 21.—* TroscuHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p.
935.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 199; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 199.—* Cat-
Low and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.63.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VI, 1853, p. 275.—* CuENU, II]. Conch., 1858, pl. xXx, tigs. 6, 6a, 6b.—* H. and
A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI,
1868, pl. LX VI, fig. 341.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch.
Sam. III, 1890, p. 165.
* Margaron (Unio) Lra, Syn., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p. 51.
“t Unio macer LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p. 86; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VI, 1862, p. 202, pl. xx1x, fig. 271; *Obs., IX, 1863, p. 24, pl. xxix, fig. 271.
* Margaron (Unio) macer LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 51.
*t Unio latus Lma, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 171; * JI. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1860, p. 334, pl. Li, fig. 159; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 16, pl. Lit, fig. 159.—
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 157.
* Margaron (Unio) latus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 57.
+UNIO ROANOKENSIS var. NORTHAMPTONENSIS Lea.
* Unig northamptonensis LeaA,! Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 392; *J1. Ac. N.
Sci. Phila., V., 1862, p. 190, pl. xxv, fig. 260; *Obs., IX, 1863, p. 12, pl. xxv,
fig. 260.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) northamptonensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 51.
Connecticut River at Northampton, Massachusetts; south to the
Savannah River, Georgia.
+ UNIO HOPETONENSIS Lea.
“Unio hopetonensis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 29, pl. 1x, fig. 24; * Obs., IT,
1838, p. 29, pl. 1x, fig. 24.—* TroscuEL, Arch. fiir Nat., VI, 1839, Pt. 2. p. 235.—
* HaNnLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 198; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 198, pl. xx, fig. 21.—
*CaTLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 60.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec.
Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—*CuEnu, Il]. Conch., 1858, pl. xx, figs. 5, 5a, 5b.—
*KusTEr, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 196, pl. LxuI, fig. 1.—* SowERBy,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 186%, pl. Lxvin, fig. 349.—* B. H. WricHt, Check List,
1A large, compressed form, biangulate behind, the posterior point elevated above
the base line. Certain specimens are considerably inflated in the post basal region.
This is generally taken for U. complanatus, but it differs in the characters given
above, and seems to be merely a northern variety of roanokensis.
NO. 1205. - SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON.
(,
1888.—* Pret, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155.—* Simpson, Pr. U. S. Nat.
Mus., XV, 1892, p. 412, pl. Lu, fig.3; Lil, fig. 1.
* Margarita (Unio) hopetonensis Lma, Syn., 1836, p. 30; 1838, p. 21.
* Margaron (Unio) hopetonensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p. 51.
lo)
Georgia, in streams flowing into the Atlantic; Santee Canal, South
Carolina; northern Florida.
+UNIO LIVINGSTONENSIS Lea.
* Unio livingstonensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, p. 192; * JI. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
WE ds66. ps4 pl. Iv, tio ly Obs: XL sbi, sp. 18) pl. rv, age li —* 8. i:
WricGut, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) livingstonensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52.
North Carolina to Georgia.
+ UNIO INUSITATIS Lea.
* Unio inusitatis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., III, 1859, p.171; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1860, p.333, pl. Lu, fig. 158; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 15, pl. L11, fig. 158.
*Margaron (Unio) inusitatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 51.
* Unio insitatus Bs H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
Georgia.
+ UNIO DIFFERTUS Lea.
*Unio differtus Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 158; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VIII, 1874, p. 42, pl. xiv, fig. 39; *Obs.,
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
Georgia.
XIII, 1874, p. 46, pl. xv, fig. 39.—
+ UNIO PLANTII Lea.
*Unio plantiit Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p.171; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VPS 5 9 pel 92 ple exoxt oe (On Obs: nV Ll, 1859. p. 105 pleexext, fied Os
* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXXxvil, fig. 475.—*B. H. WRIGHT,
Check List, 1888.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) plantii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 43.
Flint River, near Macon, Georgia.
+UNIO STRUMOSUS Lea.
*Unio strumosus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 158; III, 1878, p. 423;
*J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 57, pl. xix, fig. 55; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p.
61, pl. x1Xx, fig. 55.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.
Yadkin River, North Carolina.
+ UNIO PURUS Lea.
*Unio purus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 41; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
V, 1862, p. 61, pl. Iv, fig. 209; *Ubs., VIII. 1862, p. 65, pl. 1v, fig. 209.—* B.
H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) purus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 43.
Neuse River, near Raleigh, North Carolina.
=1
ew
=)
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSIUM. VOL. XXTi.
+ UNIO SUBNIGER Lea.
*Unio subniger Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., [X, 1857, p.172; “Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1859, p. 196, pl. xx11, fig. 79; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 14, pl. xx11, fig. 79.—*B.
H. Wricnr, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron ( Unio) subniger LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52.
Georgia.
tUNIO BURKENSIS Lea.
*Unio burkensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 112; *Jl. Ac. N. Sei.
Phila., IV, 1859, p. 215, pl. xxvui, fig. 95; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 33, pl. xxvu,
fig. 99.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. :
* Margaron (Unio) burkensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 60.
* + Unio dissimilis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 161; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VIII, 1874,p. 53, pl. xvii, fig. 52; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 57, pl. xvi
fig. 52.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.
North Carolina; south to Georgia.
tUNIO OBLATUS Lea.
*Unio ablatus LEA,! Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 193.
*OUnio oblatus Lea, J]. Ac. N. Sci. Phita., VI, 1866, p. 13, pl. Iv, fig. 10; * Obs.
XI, 1867, p. i7, pl. Iv, fig. 10.
*Margaron (Unio) oblatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 60.
Long Creek, Gaston County, North Carolina.
+t UNIO ERRANS Lea.
tUnio paliatus RAVENEL, letter.2~—* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853,
p. 254.—* H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.
* Margarita (Unio) paliatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 31; 1838, p. 22.
*Margaron (Unio) paliatus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 53.
*Unio palliatus RAVENEL, Cat., 1875, p. 57.35—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—
*PxTEL, Conth. Sam., III, 1890, p. 162.
* Unio errans LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 262; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1858, p. 60, pl. rx, fig. 42; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 60, pl. rx, fig. 42.—* B. H.
WriGurT, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron ( Unio) errans Lm, Syn., 1870, p. 52.
*t Unio vicinus Lra, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 262; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1858, p. 61, pi. rx, fig. 48; * Obs., VI, 1858, p. 61, pl. rx, fig. 43.—* B. H.
Wriacut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) vicinus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52.
Near Macon, Georgia; South Carolina.
1So written in first description. A typographical error, probably. Dr. Lea after-
wards changed the name to oblatus.
2Dr. Lea credits this to Ravenel’s letter, but neither he nor Ravenel ever described
it so far as I know.
3’ Ravenel here credits this species to Lea. Lea’s specimens, received from Ravenel,
are marked Santee Canal and South Carolina. They are rather thin and delicate,
of a peculiar texture, and have a shining brownish green epidermis.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 731
tUNIO SAGITTIFORMIS Lea.|!
* Unio sagittiformis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 277, pl. xxu, fig. 35; * Obs.,V,
1852, p. 38, pl. xx, fig. 35.—* ConrabD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257.—
*H.and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll, II, 1857, p. 491.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon.,
XVI, 1868, pl. xcrt, fig. 499.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 166.
* Margaron (Unio) sagittiformis Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 37; 1870, p. 60.
Oconee River, Georgia; Abbeville, South Carolina.
+UNIO ANGUSTATUS Lea.
* Unio angustatus Lea, Tr. Ai. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 114, pl. xvn, fig. 43; “Obs., I,
1834,p. 124, pl. x vil, fig. 43.—* Conran, New £. W. Shells, 1834, p. 67.— *FERus-
sac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26.—* ConrabD, Monog., XI, 1838, p. 98, pl. LIV, fig.
2.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 204; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 204, pl. x x11, fig.
25.—* CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom 1845, p. 55.—* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.—
* CHENU, III. Conch. 1858, pl. x1v, figs. 1, la, 1b.—* KusrER, Conch. Cab. Unio,
1861, p. 178, pl. Lv1, fig. 4.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lx x11, fig.
372.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p.
144.
* Margarita (Unio) angustatus Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 35; 1838, p. 23.
* Margaron (Unio) angustatus LEA, Syn., 1852, 105 31019 ‘1870, p.57
*+ Unio extensus Lwa, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, Dreole oak Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1858, p. 68, pl. xu, fig. 49; * Obs., VI, 1868, p. 67, pl. xu, fig. 49.—* B. H.
WriGuHt, Check List, 1888.
| GEOL extensus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 60.
*+ Unio subcylindraceus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1873, p.422; *J1. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 58, pl. xx, fig. 57; « Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 62, pl. xx, fig.
57.—* CATLOW and REEVE, Gonen: Nome 1845, .. 64.—* B. H. WRIGHT, Check
List, 1888.
South Carolina to western Georgia. -
t UNIO PERSTRIATUS Lea.
* Unio perstriatus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 255, pl. x11, fig. 3; *Obs., V,
1852, p. 11, pl. xu, fig. 3.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 255.—
*H. and A. ADams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.—* Sowrrsy, Conch.
Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xcu, fig. 500.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—
*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 163.
* Margaron (Unio) perstriatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p.36; 1870, p. 57.
*+t Unio gracilentus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p.85; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
V, 1862, p. 58, pl. 111, fig. 205; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 62, pl. 1m, fig. 205.—* B. H.
Wriaut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) gracilentus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 60.
*+tUnio perlatus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p.193; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci., VI,
1866, p. 15, pl. 1v, fig. 13; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 19, pl. iv, fig. 12.—* B. H.WrieHut,
Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) perlatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 60.
North and South Carolina.
LA very singular shell, much cut away at the anterior base, and, perhaps, abnormal.
, 2 2 9 )
(a2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
UNIO NAVICULOIDES Lea.
* Unio naviculoides LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1X, 1857, p.170; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1858, p. 94, pl. xx, fig. 745 *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 94, pl. xx, fig. 74.—B. H.
WriGut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron ( Unio) naviculoides LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 60.
Georgia.
+ UNIO SORDIDUS Lea.
* Unio sordidus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 254, pl. x11, fig. 1; * Obs., V, 1852,
p. 10, pl. x11, fig. 1.—* ConRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 1853, p. 257.—
*H.and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—* B. H. WRIGHT, Check
List, 1888.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 168.
* Margaron (Unio) sordidus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 54.
*+t Unio gibbesianus La, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 254, pl. xm, fig. 2; * Obs.,V,
1852, p. 10, pl. xu, fig. 2.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250.—
*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check
List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) gibbesianus Lra, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 54.
Abbeville, South Carolina.
+UNIO SPADICEUS Lea.
“Unio spadiceus Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p.86; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V,
1862, p. 55, pl.t, fig. 202; *Obs., VILI, 1862, pl. 1, fig. 201.—* B. H. Wriaut,
Check List, 1888.
*Margaron ( Unio) spadiceus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 48.
North Carolina.
+ UNIO STRIGOSUS Lea.
“Unio strigosus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 287; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII,
1843, p. 198, pl. 1x, fig. 9; *Obs., III, 1842, p.36 pl. rx, fig. 9.—* ConraD, Pr.
Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., IT.,
1857.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xxx, figs. 6, 6a, 6b.—* B. H. WRIGHT,
Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) strigosus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 36; 1870, p. 57.
Southwest Georgia; southeast Alabama.
+UNIO LAZARUS Lea.
*Unio lazarus Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1852, p. 251; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., XI,
1852, p. 259, pl. xiv, fig. 9; *Obs., V, 1852, p. 15, pl. x1v, fig. 9.—* CONRAD, Pr.
Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251.—* H. and A. ADAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II,
1857, p. 491.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 157.
*Margaron (Unio) lazarus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 39; 1870, p. 62.
Abbeville district, South Carolina.
(Group of Unio downiet.)
Shell subtrapezoidal, inflated, solid, truncate and more or less trian-
gular behind, sometimes swollen in the postbasal region, with a well-
1A peculiarly compressed, arcuate form. Some specimens of U. arctatus approach
it closely.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 733
developed posterior ridge; beaks full, their sculpture not observed;
epidermis smooth and shining in the young shell, becoming duller and
roughened when old; hinge moderately strong; pseudocardinals radial,
roughened; laterals heavy, somewhat remote, curved; there is a more
or less developed secondary lateral in the right valve; dorsal scars few,
in a row just behind the pseudocardinals and fully exhibited on the
inner edge of the shallow beak cavity; nacre dull; muscle scars distinct,
smooth.
Animal with the marsupium occupying the whole of the outer gills;
inner gills free from the abdominal sac a part of their length; palpi
rather small; mantle line thick on the border.
+ UNIO DOWNIEI Lea.
Tio downiet Lua, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., I, 1858, p. 166; Jl. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
TY; 1859; p. 210, pl. xxv, fig. 915 Obs., VII, 1859, p. 28, pl: xxv, fig. 91.—
*SoweERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxvii, fig. 350.—* B. H. Wrieut,
Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p.151.—* Srmpson, Pr.
7 U. 8. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 413, pl. Lv, figs. 1-3; Lv1, fig. 5.
* Margaron (Unio) downiet LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 41.
Southern Georgia; north Florida.
+UNIO GEMINUS Lea.
* Unio geminus LEA, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p- 262; *Jl. Ac. Nat. Sci.
Phila., 1858, p. 63, pl. X, fig. 45; * Obs., VI, 1858, p. 63, pl. x, fig. 45.—* B. H.
WriGuHt, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) geminus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 41.
*t Unio satillaensis Lea, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 166; * Jl. Ac. Nat. Sci.
Phila., IV, 1859, p. 216, pl. xxvu, fig. 96; Obs., VII, 1859, p. 34, pl. xxvu,
fig. 96.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron ( Unio) satillaensis Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 41.
Georgia.
+UNIO LECONTIANUS Lea.
*Margarita (Unio) lecontianus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 23; 1838, p. 18.
*Unio lecontianus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 40, pl. xu, fig. 85; *Obs.,
II, 1838, fig. 40, pl. x11, fig. 35.—* TRoscHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2,
p. 236.—* HaNnLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.188; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 188, pl.
Xxil, figs. 11,51.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 60.—* ConrRaAD,
Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251.—*CuHENUu, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl.
XXIV, figs. 6, 6a, 6b.—* H. and A. ADAmMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—
“SowrrBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxx, fig. 173.—* B. H. Wricut,
Check List, 1888.—* PasTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 157.
*Margaron (Unio) lecontianus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 41.
“Unio contrarius CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1V, 1849, p.153; * Ann. and
Mag., IV, 1849, p.301; * Ji. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1850, p. 276, pl. XXXVI, fig. 7;
*Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 247.
Georgia.
Cae PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
+UNIO SPISSUS Lea,
*Unio spissus LA, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p.112; *Jl. Ac. Nat. Sci.
Phila., 1V, 1859, p. 208, pl. xxv, fig. 89; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 26, pl. xxv, fig. 89.—
* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxxvitl, fig. 476.—* B. H. WRIGHT,
Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890. p. 168.
*Margaron (Unio) spissus Lma, Syn., 1870, p. 41.
Georgia.
(Group of Unio fisherianus.)
Shell elongated, rather thin, subeompressed, pointed behind and
sometimes slightly biangulate; posterior ridge generally well developed;
beaks low, the sculpture consisting of a few coarse, slightly irregular
ridges which run nearly parallel with the growth lines, generally
heavier where they cross the posterior ridge; epidermis sometimes
rayed, shining; pseudocardinals usually compressed; laterals long,
straight, and lamellar; beak cavities very shallow and containing two
or three dorsal scars at some distance behind the beaks; muscle scars
well marked, the posterior ones elongated; nacre generally dull. Ani-
mal with the gills greatly elongated, inner the larger, more or less free
from the abdominal sac; marsupium occupying nearly or quite the whole
leneth of the outer branchie; palpi elongated; mantle thin, thicker on
the edge.
tUNIO LANCEOLATUS Lea.
*Unio lanceolatus La, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 1828, p. 266, pl. 101, fig. 2; *Obs., I, 1834,
p. 8, pl. m1, fig. 2.—* Conrap, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70.—* FERUSSAC,
Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26.—* CONRAD, Monog. III, 1836, p. 32, pl. x1v., fig. 2.—
* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 204; * Biv. Shells., 1843, p. 204, pl. xx, fig. 60;
XXU, fig. 26.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.60.—* ConraD, Pr.
Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II,
1857, p. 491.—* CHENU, Ill., Conch. 1858, pl. vu, fig. 1, la, 1b.—* KusTEr,
Conch. Cab. Unio., 1861, p. 204, pl. Lx viul, fig. 4.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon.,
XVI, 1866, pl. xLiu1, fig. 236.—* B. H. WricutT, Check List, 1888.—* PTE,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 156. ;
* Margarita (Unio) lanceolatus LEA, Syn., 1886, p. 35; 1838, p. 24.
*Margaron (Unio) lanceolatus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 36; 1870, p.57.
*Unio lanceolata DESHAYES, Enc. Méth., II, 1830, p.585; ~An.sans Vert., 2d ed.,
VI, 1835, p. 547; 3d ed., II, 1889, p. 672.
North Carolina; Virginia.
+ UNIO VIRIDULUS Lea.!
*Unio viridulus Lea, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 193; * Jl. Ac. Nat. Sei.
Phila., Vi, 1866, p.10, pl. 111, fig. 17; * Obs., XI, 1867, p. 14, pl. 1, fig. 17.—
*B. H. WrieutT, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) viridulus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 58.
Neuse River, near Raleigh, North Carolina.
1A young shell, no doubt, which in texture and appearance is much like U. lanceo-
latus, but is bright green and not so pointed behind.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 735
+ UNIO PRODUCTUS Conrad.!
Unio productus CONRAD, Monog., III, 1836, p. 31, pl. xtv, fig. 1.—* Haney, Test.
Moll., 1842, p. 205; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 205, pl]. xxui1, fig. 17.—* CaTLow and
REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 63.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 66,
pl. xv1, fig. 2.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 255.—* H. and
A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List,
1888.—* PTEL, Conch Sam., III, 1890, p. 164.
* Margarita (Unio) productus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 37; 1838, p. 24.
* Margaron (Unio) productus, Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 37; 1870, p. 60.
* Unio barrotti KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 189, pl. Lrx, fig. 6.
North Carolina; Virginia; Maryland.
+UNIO NASUTULUS Lea. (Emend.)
* Unio nasutilus 2 Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 192.
* Unio nasutulus Lea, Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 12, pl. 11, fig.9; *Obs.,
XI, 1867, p. 16, pl. 111, fig. 9.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) nasutulus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 60.°
Livingston’s Creek, Brunswick County, North Carolina.
+ UNIO FISHERIANUS Lea.
*Unio fisherianus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 8, pl. Iv, fig. 8; * Obs., IT,
1838, p. 8, pl.iv, fig. 8.—* TrROscHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p.
234.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 206; ~ Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 206, pl. xxu1,
fig. 52.—* CaATLOwW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 59.—* ConrRaD, Pr.
Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 249.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II,
1857, p.491.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xx, figs. 4, 4a, 4b.—* KusTER,
Conch. Cab. Unio., 1&61, p. 205, pl. Lxvitl, fig. 6.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon.,
XVI, 1865, pl. xxiv, fig. 118.—* Hartman and MICHENER, Conch. Cest.,
1874, p. 90, fig. 187.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* P@ TEL, Conch.
Sam., ILI, 1890, p. 152.
* Margarita (Unio) fisherianus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 37; 1838, p. 24.
* Margaron (Unio) fisherianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 37; 1870, p. 60.
*Unio nasutus CONRAD (part),! Monog., II, 1858, pl. xvii, fig. 1.
Virginia; Maryland; Pennsylvania, in the Atlantic drainage.
t UNIO EMMONSII Lea.
* Unio emmonsit LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., [X, 1857, p.86; * J]. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
V, 1862, p.56, pl. 1, fig. 203; * Obs., VIII, 1862, p.60, pl.1, fig. 203.—* B. H.
WriGHT, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) emmonsii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 60.
North Carolina.
1T have seen a large number of specimens of what I suppose is this, none of which
exactly agree with Conrad’s figure and description, but which I can not refer to any-
thing else.
2So written; no doubt a typographical error.
’ Probably only a variety of U. productus Conrad.
4Conrad’s first two figures (under fig.1) are certainly U. fisherianus, the third is
a female nasutus.
736 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
+UNIO DISPALANS B. H. Wright.
* Unio dispalans B. H. Wrieut, Nautilus, 1899, p. 50.
+t UNIO SUBINFLATUS Conrad.
* Unio subinflatus CONRAD, Monog., XI, 1838, p. 97, pl. Liv, fig.1; * Pr. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.—* B. H.Wrient, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 168.
* Margaron (Unio) subinflatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p.52.
South Georgia; Florida.
t UNIO AHENEUS Lea.
* Unio aheneus LEA, Dese. 12 Uniones, 1843 (no paging); * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IX,
1846, p. 280, pl. x11, fig.9; * Obs., 1V, 1848, p. 38, pl. xu, fig.9.—* H. and A.
ApaAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI,
1866, pl. xxxvI, fig. 194.—* B. H. Wrigut, Check List, 1888.—* P&TEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 144.—* Simpson, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p.
431, pl. LXxu, fig. 6. é
* Margaron (Unio) aheneus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 37; 1870, p. 60.
Florida.
+ UNIO WALTONI B. H. Wright.
* Unio waltont B. H.WriGHt, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1888, p. 114, pl. 11, fig. 3; * Check
List, 1888.—* Srmpson, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 431, pl. LX XIII, fig. 7.
Florida.
}UNIO ATTENUATUS Lea.
*Unio attenuatus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., II, 1872, p. 157; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VIII, 1874, p.41, pl. xiv, fig. 88; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 45, pl. xiv, fig. 38.—
.*B.H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.
Georgia.
+ UNIO ROSTRZEFORMIS Lea.
* Unio rostreformis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VILI, 1856, p. 262.
*Unio rostriformis LBA, JI. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., [V, 1858, p.64, pl. x, fig.46; * Obs.,
VI,1858, p. 64, pl. x, fig. 46.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) rostriformis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 60.
*+Unio maconensis Lua, Pr. Ac. N.Sci. Phila., VIII, 1857, p.172; “Jl. Ac. N. Sei.
Phila., TV, 1858, p. 93, pl. xx, fig. 73; Obs., VI, 1858, p. 93, pl. xx, fig. 73.—
*B. H. WricutT, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) maconensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 60.
Georgia.
UNIO DUTTONIANUS Lea.
*Unio duttonianus La, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., TI, 1841, p.31; * Ji. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VIII, 1842, p. 236, pl. xxi, fig.50; *Obs., III, 1842, p.74, pl. xxu, fig. 50.—
*ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248.—* H. and A. ApAms, Gen.
Rec. Moll., If, 1857, p. 491.—* Cuenu, I. Conch., 1858, pl. xxxuJ, figs. 4, 4a,
4b.—SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xc1, fig. 492.—* B. H. WRIGHT,
Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) duttonianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 35; 1870, p. 57.
* Unio duttonianus PATEL, C. Sam., III, 1890, p. 151.
Ogeechee Canal, Savannah, Georgia.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAITADES—SIMPSON. 737
+ UNIO FOLLICULATUS Lea.
*Unio folliculatus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1858, p. 38, pl. x1, fig. 33; * Obs.,
IJ, 1838, p. 33, pl. x1, fig. 33.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p.
236.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 204; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 204, pl. xxu,
fig. 55.—* CaTLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.59.—* Conrap, Pr. Ac.
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 249.—* H. and A. ADams, Gen. Ree. Moll., IT, 1857, p.
491.—* CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, pl. x x111, figs. 4, 4a, 4b.—* KusTER, Conch.
Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 202, pl. Lxvu, fig. 4.—* SOwERByY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868,
pl. xc, fig. 493.—* B. H. Wr1eGHT, Check List, 1888.—* PasTEL, Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 153.
* Margarita ( Unio) folliculatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 34; 1838, p. 23.
* Margaron (Unio) folliculatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p.35; 1870, p.57.
*+Unio exacutus La, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 159; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VIII, 1874, p. 45, pl. xv, fig.43; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p.49, pl. xv, fig. 49.—
*B.H. Wrieat, Check List, 1888.
*+ Unio rostellum Luna, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p.160; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VIII, 1874, p. 44, pl. xv, fig. 41; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 48, pl. xv, fig. 41.—
~B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.
Georgia.
+UNIO SHEPARDIANUS Lea.
* Unio shepardianus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 95, pl. x111, fig. 38; *Obs., I,
1834, p. 207, pl. x11, fig. 388. —* CONRAD, Monog., VIII, 1837, p. 70, pl. xxx1x.—
*PERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 203;
.* Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 203, pl. xxii, fig. 25.—* KusrEer, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852,
p. 65, pl. xvi, fig. 1.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257.—
*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.—* ?CHENU, Man., 1859,
II, p. 139, fig. 647.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xIx, fig. 90.—* B. H.
Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* PTE, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 167.
* Margarita (Unio) shepardianus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 34; 1838, p. 23.
* Margaron (Unio) shepardianus La, Syn., 1852, p.35; 1870, p. 57.
* Unio sheppardianus CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64.
Altamaha River, Georgia.
(Group of Unio popeii.)
Shell elongated, narrowed in front, and biangulate behind, with the
base slightly sinuate, feebly sulcate; beaks not prominent, sculptured
with rather fine, somewhat broken, often faint ridges, which have a ten-
dency to fall into two rounded loops; psSeudocardinals compressed, high,
sharp, ragged; laterals long, slightly curved; cavity of the beaks shal-
low; cicatrices not deep. The shell is only a little thickened in front,
and that of the female is slightly swollen at the posterior base.
Animal with the marsupium occupying the whole length of the outer
gills; ovisacs not separated by a sulcus; gills long, inner a little the
larger throughout, generaily free their whole length from the abdominal
sac; palpi enormous, wide, oval, slightly pointed behind, united two-
thirds of their length to the mantle; mantle double on its edge; bran-
chial opening large.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii——47
738 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
13 + UNIO POPEII Lea.
* Unio popeit Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 102; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1858, p. 372, pl. LXv1, fig. 197; * Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 54, pl. Lxv1, fig. 197.
* Unio popei SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxx1, fig. 430.—*B. H.
Wricut, Check List, 1888.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 164.—
* FISCHER and CRoSssE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 605.
* Margaron (Unio) popett LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 57.
South Texas; northeast Mexico.
tUNIO POEYANUS Lea.
* Unio poeyanus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 85; *Obs., VI, 1857, p. 35,
pl. xxxul, fig. 30; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1858, p. 315, pl. xxx, fig. 30.—
*SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xc, fig. 486.—* B. H. WRIGHT,
Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 164.—* FiscHER and
CrossB, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 606.
* Margaron ( Unio) poeyanus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 57.
Rio de las Balsas, near Coyucan, Mexico.
UNIO VER-PACIS Tristram.
* Unio vere-pacis TRISTRAM, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1863, Pt. 3, p. 414..—* B. H.
WriGHt, Check List, 1888.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 171.—
* FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 620.
Guatemala, Department of Vera Paz.
Section CANTHYRIA Swainson, 1840.
Shell inflated, suboval, spinose, with a high, rather sharp posterior
ridge, above which it is somewhat truncated, the posterior slope being
sometimes slightly wrinkled; beaks rather compressed, the sculpture
not seen; epidermis smooth and shining, variegated with angular
blotches; hinge sharply curved at the center; pseudocardinals rather
compressed ; laterals short, remote, the hinge plate narrowed; beak cavi-
ties rather deep. Animal with the marsupium occupying the whole of the
outer gills, forming a smooth pad; branchiz very large, round below,
inner the larger, free nearly their whole length from the abdominal
sac; palpi large; mantle double on its edge, sometimes with a few
papille in front of the branchial opening; branchial opening small;
superanal opening colored inside.’
t Unio spinosus LEA, Desc. of New Sp. Unio, 1836, colored figs. ; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.,
VI, 1838, p. 57, pl. xvi, fig. 50; *Obs., II, 1838, p. 57, pl. xvi, fig. 50.—* Jay,
Cat., 1839, p. 113, pl. v, figs. 1, 2.—* TRoscHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt.
2, p. 236.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 182; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 182, pl.
1Only a Latin description was given by Tristram, and the species is not identifi-
able. It is probably close to U. popeii, and may possibly be that.
2 Notwithstanding the remarkable character of well-developed spines on the only
species of this group, U. spinosus, the animal even when gravid does not present any
striking peculiarities, and is certainly a Unio. I have seen one or two specimens of
the spinosus with only one spine on one valve and none on the other, and one in the
Lea collection without spines. :
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 739
Xx1u, fig.56.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64.—*Conrap,
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p.
167, pl. XLIx, fig. 1.—*CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. x xu, figs. 6, 6a, 6b.—
*SoweErRBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xix, fig. 261.—*B. H. Wricurt,
Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 168.
*Margarita (Unio) spinosus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 17, colored plate; 1838, p. 16.
*Margaron (Unio) spinosus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 23; 1870, p. 35.
“Canthyria spinosa SwAINSON, Tr. on Mal., 1840, pp. 276, 378.—*AGassiz, Arch,
fiir Nat., I, 1852, p. 44.
* Unio spinosa GoopRicH, Ill. Nat. Hist., II, 1859, p. 523, fig.
Altamaha River, Georgia.
Section UNIOMERUS Conrad, 1853,
(Type, Unio tetralasmus Say.)
Shell trapezoid, with a rounded posterior ridge, and pointed or feebly
biangulate behind; beaks not prominent, sculptured with 10 to 15
curved, rather strong, concentric ridges, which sweep decidedly upward
behind, where they are drawn somewhat closely together; epidermis
generally rayless, often clothlike; pseudocardinals usually compressed ;
laterals delicate, slightly curved; muscle scars large, shallow, nacre
generally lurid.
Animal with the marsupium occupying the whole length of the outer
branchie, pad-like; gills large, inner the larger, free nearly or quite the
length of the abdominal sac; mantle generally rather thick, thicker
and double on the edge.
tUNIO TETRALASMUS Say.
* Unio tetralasmus Say, Am. Conch., III, 1830, pl. xx111.!—* FERusSAC, Guer. Mag.,
1835, p. 26.—* DEsHAYES, An. sans. Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 555; 3d
ed., II, 1839, p. 674.—*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 198; * Biv. Shells,
1843, p. 198, pl. xx, fig. 49.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.
64.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., III, 1845, p. 52, pl. x, figs. 1-3.—
*ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen.
Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTE.,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 169.
——_
1An abundant, widespread, and very variable species, and if there were no con-
necting links it would be easy to make a half dozen species out of it. The first
described is the Unio tetralasmus Say, an elongated, rather smooth, more or less shin-
ing form, of which excultus, jamesianus, parallelus, subcroceus, and symmetricus seem
to besynonymous, varying a little in form, color, and smoothness. The variety camp-
todon of Say is quite rhomboid, and is a rather rough, dark shell, and U. symmetricus
is practically synonymous. Variety declivis is peculiarly drawn out at the post
basal point. Variety manubius is a large, rather smooth form, rounded on the basal
line. All these are Southern and Southwestern forms. Variety sayi is a yellowish
shell, with very distinct rest marks, and has a more northern distribution than the
rest, but it absolutely blends into them. Ward sent a description of his U. sayi to
Tappan, who published it in the American Journal of Science and Arts under date of
1839. In Part XI of the Monography, dated November, 1838, Conrad describes Unio
sayanus (changed to sayi in his notes) and refers it to Ward in the American Journal
of Science and Arts of 1839. There is some mistake in these dates. In giving the
synonymy it is hard to tell in all cases just what authors have meant.
740 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. xu. -
* Margarita (Unio) tetralasmus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 30; 1838, p. 21. ~
*Margarcn (Unio) tetralasmus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p. 50.
*OUnio excultus CONRAD, Monog., XI, 1838, p. 99, pl. Liv, fig. 1; Pr. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 249.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 152.
*tUnio parallelus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1841, p. 20; * Jl. Ac. Phila.,
VIII, 1842, p. 179.!
*t+tUnio symmetricus Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 164; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.,
X, 18538, p. 73, pl.1v, fig. 11; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 47, pl. rv, fig. 11.—*Conrap,
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II,
1857, p. 493.—* B. H. WrieHT, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., ITI,
1890, p. 169.
*Margaron (Unio) symmetricus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p.52.
*+ Unio porrectus CONRAD, J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1854, p. 296, pl. xx v1, fig. 7.—* B. H.
WriGut, Check List, 1888.
*+ Unio subcroceus CONRAD, Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1854, p. 297, pl. xx vil, fig. 1.
*Unio jamesianus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p. 84; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1X58, p. 53, pl. vi, fig. 35; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 52, pl. vi, fig. 35.—* B. H.
Wricut, Check List, 1888.
Margaron (Unio) jamesianus La, Syn., 1870, p. 50.
+UNIO TETRALASMUS var. CAMPTODON Say.
* Unio camptodon Say, Am. Conch., V, 1832, pl. x111.—* CONRAD, New F. W. Shells,
1834, p. 68.—* FERuUSsAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll.,
1842, p. 198; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 198, pl. xx1, fig. 17.—* CuENU, Bib. Conch.,
ist ser., III, 1845, p. 53, pl. xiv, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.—*CarLow and REEVR,
Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 56.—* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 246.—
*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—*SowrErBy, Conch.
Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxx, fig. 356.—*B. H. WriauT, Check List, 1888.—
*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 147.—*StTEarns, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus.,
XIV, 1891, p. 105.
* Margarita (Unio) camptodon LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 30; 1838, p. 21.
* Margaron (Unio) camptodon Lua, Syn., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p. 50.
*+ Unio geometricus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1832, p. 38, pl. rv, fig. 10; * Obs.,
J, 1834, p. 150, pl. rv, fig. 10.
tUNIO TETRALASMUS var. MANUBIUS Gould.
* Unio manubius GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., V, 1856, p. 229; *Otia Conch.,
1862, p. 218.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* FISCHER and CROSSE,
Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 592.
* Margaron (Unio) manubius GOULD, Syn., 1870, p. 54.
* Unio manubrius P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 158.
+UNIO TETRALASMUS var. DECLIVIS Say.
Unio declivis Say, Transylvania Jl. IV, 1831, p. 527; * Am. Conch., III, 1832, pl.
Xxxxv.—* ConraD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 68.—* FERUsSSACc, Guer. Mag.,
1835, p. 26.—* DEsHAYES, An. sans. Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 556; 3d ed., I,
1839, p. 675.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 200; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 200,
pl. xxi, fig. 50.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III, 1845, p. 46, pl. x11, figs.
1, la, 1b.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58.—* KuSTER,
Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 60, pl. xiv, fig. 1—*ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci.
1This name had been used by Sowerby for a fossil Unio, and Conrad subsequently
changed it to porrectus on that account, but Sowerby had also used that name for a
Unio.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 741
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.
493.—" B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* P&T TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,
p. 150.
* Margarita (Unio) declivis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 32; 1838, p. 22.
* Margaron (Unio) declivis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 54.
UNIO TETRALASMUS var. SAYI Ward.
*Unio sayi WARD (in Tappan), Am. Jl. Sci., XXXV, 1839, p. 268, pl. 311, fig. 1.—
* ConrAD, Monog., XI, 1838?, p. 102, pl. Lv, fig. 2..—* KusTER, Conch. Cab.
Unio, 1861, p. 246, pl. Lxxx111, fig. 1.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p.
166.
* Unio sayanus B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.
* Unio electrinus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxv, fig. 121.—* Paret,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 151.
Lower Mississippi drainage north to about latitude 40°; Ohio River
system; Alabama River system and southwest through Texas into
northern Mexico. Not reported, so far as I know, from the Tennessee
and Cumberland rivers.
tUNIO COLUMBENSIS Lea.?
*Unio columbensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 31; *J1. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., TV, 1858, p. 75, pl. x1v, fig. 55; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 75, pl. x1v, fig. 55.—
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) columbensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 50.
* Unio columbiensis P& TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148.
Chattahoochee River, Georgia, west to Little Patsaliga Creek, Ala-
bama.
tUNIO OBESUS Lea.
*? Unio carolinensis Bosc,’ Hist. Nat. de Coq., 1824, III, p. 139, pl. xxi, fig. 2.—
*FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26 —* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1843, pl. xvi,
fig. 4.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 246.
*t+Unio obesus Les, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 96, pl. x11, fig. 26; * Obs., I,
1834, p. 106, pl. x11, fig. 26.—* ConraD, N. F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70.—* Han-
LEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 198; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 198, pl. xxu1, fig. 34.—
*CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 61.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec.
Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—* CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, pl. xviil, figs. 4, 4a, 4b.—
* KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 196, pl. Lx1tI, fig. 2.—* REEVE, Conch.
Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xvi, fig.84.—* ?SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866,
pl. xxxvill, fig. 212.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa#TEL, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 161.—* Simpson, Pr. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 428, pl.
LXVIUl, fig. 6; Lxrx, figs. 1, 2,4; Lxx1, fig. 3.
* Margarita (Unio) obesus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 30; 1838, p. 21.
* Margaron (Unio) obesus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p. 50.
1Unio sayanus on plate, U. sayi in note.
*This species almost merges into obesus on the one hand and the southern forms of
tetralasmus on the other. The distribution of obesus is eastern, that of tetralasmus
western, while columbensis occupies a central position in streams of the Gulf drainage.
*It is impossible to tell from the very poor figure what this is. Lea thinks it is
Margaritana margaritifera, but Bose did not visit any region where that species is
found, and the figure seems to show lateral teeth. It is quite probably U. obesus.
I think Lea’s name had better be used.
742 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
* Unio declivis CONRAD, Monog., V, 1836, p. 45, pl. x x11, fig. 1.
*+ Unio ineptus Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 261, pl. xv, fig. 12; * Obs., V,
1852, p. 17, pl. xv, fig. 12.—* ConraD, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p.
250.—* H. and A. ApAms, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—* B. H. WRIGHT,
Check List, 1888.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155.
* Margaron (Unio) ineptus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 31; 1870, p. 50.
*+t Unio hebes Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 267, pl. xvutt, fig. 21; *Obs., V,
1852, p. 23, pl. xvi, fig. 21.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p.
250.—*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.494.—* B. H. WRIGHT,
Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 154.
* Margaron ( Unio) hebes LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 51.
*+ Unio rivularis CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257.—* Conran, Jl.
Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1854, p. 296.
*+ Unio cicur Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 39; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
V, 1862, p. 93, pl. x11, fig. 241.—* Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 96, pl. x11, fig. 241.—
B. H. Wriacut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) cicur Lra, Syn., 1870, p. 52.
* Unio squalidus Lua, (part) 1 Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XV, 1863, p. 192.—* Jl. Ac. N.
Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 22, pl. vu, fig. 20; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 26, pl. v1, fig.
20.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) squalidus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 51.
* + Unio jewettii Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XI, 1867, p. 81; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VI, 1868, p. 276, pl. xxxvui, fig. 89; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 36, pl. xxvul, fig. 89.—
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) jewettii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 51.
*+Unio pawensis LEA,? Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 161; *Jl. Ac. N. Sei
Phila., VI, 1868,p. 302, pl. xiv, fig. 114; * Obs., XII, 1869, p. 62, pl. xLv, fig.
114.—* B. H. Wriaur, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) pawensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 51.
*+Unio rivicolus CONRAD, Am. Jl. Conch., IV, 1868, p. 280, pl. xvu1, fig. 4.—
*B. H. WricuHtT, Check List, 1888.
*+UNIO OBESUS var. BLANDINGIANUS Lea.
“Unio blandingianus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 101, pl. xv, fig. 445%
* Obs., I, 1834, p. 213, pl. xv, fig. 44.—* Ferussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—
* CONRAD, Monog., V, 1836, p. 46, pl. xx1H, fig. 2.—* HANLEy, Test. Moll., 1842,
p- 200; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 200, pl. x x11, fig. 1.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch.
Nom., 1845, p. 56.—* Kusrer, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 36, pl. v1, fig. 2.—
* ConrRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen.
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. Xxxv,
fig. 187.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* 8. H. WRIGHT, Conch. Ex., II,
1888, p. 95.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 146.
* Margarita (Unio) blandingianus Lua, Syn., 1836, p. 32; 1838, p. 22.
* Margaron (Unio) blandingianus Lra, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 54.
1Under this name Dr. Lea has certainly described two species, a heavy quadrate,
form biangulate behind, with purple nacre—a variety of complanatus—and another
which is, no doubt, U. obesus, and is the shell figured.
2A rough, apparently diseased obesus.
3A decidedly trapezoidal form with cloth-like, dark epidermis, possibly worthy of
a varietal name. The transition to the typical state is, however, very complete.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 743
*+tUNIO OBESUS var. PALUDICOLUS Gould.
*Unio paludicolus GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., II, 1845, p. 53.—* GouLp,
Otia. Conch., 1852, p. 197.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857,
p. 493.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) paludicolus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 54.
* Unio paludicolor CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 254.—* Parmy, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 162.
Southern Virginia southward in streams draining into the Atlantic,
and throughout the peninsula of Florida.
+UNIO BISSELLIANUS Lea.
* Unio bissellianus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XI, 1867, p. 81; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
ahaa eee S Ss. Demraeits. Dl XeXexeVIE wo. IOs Obss, Xu 1869) pry.3i., pl.
XXXVU, fig. 90.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 146.
* Margaron (Unio) bissellianus Lea, Syn., 1890, p. 50.
Bissell’s Pond, Charlotte, North Carolina.
t UNIO SUBLURIDUS Simpson.
* Unio subluridus SIMPSON, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 432, pl. LX x1ul, figs.
3, 4.
Orange Springs, Marion County, Florida. I can not be certain as to
the relationship of this species, as the beaks are eroded in the only
shells I have seen.
Section MICRONATAS Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Unio aratus Lea.)
Shell small, oval, a little produced near the posterior base, with a
moderate posterior ridge and pointed near the base behind; beaks
rather prominent, the sculpture beidg apparently rather fine, irregu-
larly concentric ridges, having a tendency to fall into two loops; the
whole surface strongly and closely concentrically ridged; pseudocardi-
nals compressed, high, slightly curved upward; laterals compressed,
curved; beak cavities moderately deep; nacre whitish; anterior muscle
scars deep, rough; posterior well marked.
Animal with the marsupium pad-like, occupying all but the extreme
posterior part of the outer gills; branchiz elongated, wider behind, inner
the larger throughout, free from the abdominal sac or united to it;!
palpi large, rounded behind; mantle with thickened border; anal
opening crenulate.
‘In some specimens free throughout; in others entirely united.
(44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vor. XXII.
+UNIO ARATUS Lea.
* Unio aratus LEA, Disc. 12 Uniones, 1843; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IX, 1845, p. 282, pl.
XLU, fig. 12; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 40, pl. xi, fig. 12.—* H. and A. ADAms, Gen.
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.— * SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lx1v, fig.
320.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEeL, Conch. Sam., ILI, 1890,
p. 144.
* Margaron (Unio) aratus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 28; 1870, p. 35.
Central America.
+UNIO GRANADENSIS Lea.
* Unio granadensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 95; *J1. Ac. N. Sei.
Phila., VI, 1868, p. 293, pl. xu, fig. 103; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 53, pl. xu, fig.
103.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron ( Unio) granadensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 35.
Lake Nicaragua.
The following species are of Rafinesque, but I am utterly unable to
make anything out of them:
Unio dilatata, elliptica, fasciata, fragilis, levigata, nervosa, viridis,
zonata, all in Monograph, 1820; also Unio bicolor, calendis, castaneus,
chloris, diaphanus, fontinalis, fulvus, lasmabrachys, montanus, pallens,
platiolus, rivularis, rimosus, teneltus, venus, all in Continuation of
Monograph, 1831.
Other indeterminate Unionide of Rafinesyue are: Amblema antrosa,
costata, gibbosa, olivaria, rubra, torulosa; Lasmonos fragilis; Obovaria
obovalis, pachostea; Obliquaria triangularis, attenuata, atroviolacea,
bullata, cliffordiana, cuprea, cyphia, ellipsaria, fasciolaris, flava, flexuosa,
lateralis, lineolata, nodulata, obliquata, pusilla, quadrula, sintoxia, sin-
uata, subrotunda, all in Monograph, 1820. Bariosta diploderma, pon-
derosus, vittatis; Epilobasma biloba; Toxolasma cinerescens, cyclips,
flexus, in Continuation of Monograph, 1831.
The following are also indeterminate and spurious Unios:
Unio tahetianus CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64. Is probably U.
taitianus Lea.
Unio largillierti PH1LIpP1, Menke’s Zeits., 1847, p. 94.
Unio musicus SPENGLER, Skriv. Nat. Selsk., II, 1793, p. 67.
Unio radula Say, N. Harm. Diss., 1829, p. 323.
Unio plombarius VILLA, Disp. Conch. Terr. Fluv., 1841, p. 62.
Unio pequottianus LINSLEY, Am. Jl. Sci., 1845, p. 277.
Unio iridescens CONRAD, Cov. of Monog. No. 11.
Unio angusta LAMARCK, An. sans. Vert., VI, 1819, p. 80.
Unio conus SPENGLER, Skriv. Nat. Selsk., 1792.
Unio delphinus SPENGLER, Skriv. Nat. Selsk., 1793, p. 63.
Unio doumeti LETOURNEUX and BOoURGNIGNAT, Prod. Mal. Tunis., p. 163.
Unio distortus BEAN, Ann. and Mag., 1836, p. 376, fig. 53.
Unio wher CONRAD, Am. JI. Conch., IT, p. 279.
Mya obovata SOLANDER, Portland Cat., p. 100.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAITADES—SIMPSON. 745
Genus PLEUROBEMA (Rafinesque, 1820) Agassiz.
(Type, Unio clava Lamarck.')
Pleurobema RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys., Brux, 1820, p. 313.
Shell solid, triangular to rhomboid, usually with a prominent umbonal
region; beaks at or near the anterior end of the shell, incurved and
pointed forward over a small but well developed lunule; beak sculpture
_ coarse, consisting of a few irregular, often broken ridges, which curve
upward posteriorly; posterior ridge present, but low and rounded;
epidermis showing the rest periods plainly, tawny to olive, often orna-
mented with rays which show a tendency to break into square spots;
hinge rather strong, the plate generally narrow; pseudocardinals tri-
angular, ragged; laterals reaching nearly or quite to the pseudocar-
dinals, double in both valves, in the right valve the inner being smaller;
muscle scars deep, the posterior rounded; cavity of the beaks shallow;
nacre silvery; male and female shells essentially alike.
Animal having the inner gills much the larger, rounded below, free
from the abdominal sac for a part or all of their length; marsupium
occupying the entire outer gills, the ovisacs in some cases seeming to
be arranged in pairs; animal generally yellowish to salmon red, some-
times more or less brown or blackish.
(Group of Pleurobema clava.)
Shell solid, triangular; beaks high, generally anterior; beak sculp-
ture consisting of three or four broken, coarse, irregular ridges; epider-
mis yellowish or tawny, marked with broken green rays which show a
tendency to form square spots; pseudocardinals often somewhat length-
ened and more or less parallel with the laterals.
Animal having the inner gills the larger except at the extreme pos-
terior end, free nearly or quite their whole length from the abdominal
sac; marsupium occupying the entire outer gills; branchial opening
rather large, with small papilla; anal opening with minute papille or
erenulations. Animal dirty whitish to salmon.
+ PLEUROBEMA CLAVA Lamarck.
*Unio clava LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 74.—* DEsHaAyEs, An. sans
Vert., 2ded., VI, 1835, p. 537; 3ded., II, 1839, p. 669.—* ConraD, Monog., I, 1835,
p.5, pl. 11, fig. 1.—* FERussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac.
'T regret that I have not been able to examine more of the animals of this group,
especially those of the gravid females. The shells on the one hand approach very
close to those of Quadrula in appearance, and to Unio on the other hand. But all of
them have shallow beak cavities, while those of Quadrula are deep, and the embryos
of Pleurobema are contained in the outer gills only. The shells are generally more
solid and more triangular than those of Unio, and the pattern of coloring is different
from that of either genus. It stands between the two genera. I place Unio wsopus
and varicosus in Pleurobema with some hesitation, though in a specimen of the
former containing comparatively few embryos there were none in the inner gills,
and their beak cavities are shallow.
746 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 246.—* KusrER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 39, pl.
Vil, fig. 2.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXIx, fig. 354.
* Pleurobema clava AGassiz, Arch. fiir Naturg., I, 1852, p. 49.
* Unio clavus REEVE, Conch. Syst., I, 1841, p. 117, pl. Lxxxvuil, fig. 3.—* HaNn-
LEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 187; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 187, pl. xx, fig. 52.—*CatT-
Low and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 57.—* H.and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec.
Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Pare, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 148.—*Cau, Tr. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, VII, 1895, p. 9.
pli.
* Margarita (Unio) clavus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 22; 1838, p. 18.
* Margaron (Unio) clavus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 40.
*tUnio patulus LEA,' Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., III, 1829, p. 44, pl. xu, fig. 20; * Obs., I,
1834, p. 55, pl. xu, fig. 20.—*ConrAD, Monog., X, 1838, p. 92, pl. L, fig. 2.—
* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 187; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 187, pl. xxu1, fig.
27.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 62.—*H. and A. Apams,
Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* CuENnu, Il]. Conch., 1858, pl. x v1, figs. 6, 6a,
6b.—* KusrEer, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 259, pl. Lxxxvil, fig. 5.—* B. H.
WricGur, Check List, 1888.—*PaTeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 162.
* Margarita (Unio) patulus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 22; 1838, p. 18.
* Margaron (Unio) patulus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 40.
* Unio cuneatus Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—* Frrussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28.
Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems. Reported from
Iowa City, lowa; St. Peter’s River, Minnesota, and from Nebraska.
+ PLEUROBEMA MACULATA Conrad.
* Unio maculatus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 30, pl. Iv, fig. 4, p. 70.—
* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29. MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 202.—
* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 203; * Biv. Shelis, 1843, p. 203.—* CaTLow and
REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.60.—* CuENu, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., III, 1845.
p.17, pl. 11, fig. 7.—* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sei., Phila., VI, 1853, p. 252.—* H.
and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio,
1861, p. 216, pl. Lxxu, fig. 2.—*B.H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL,
Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 158.
* Margarita (Unio) maculatus La, Syn., 1836, p. 34; 1838, p. 23.
* Margaron (Unio) maculatus LHa, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 38.2
Tennessee River system.
t PLEUROBEMA HOLSTONENSIS Lea.?
*Unio holstonensis Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 288; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.,
VIII, 1842, p. 212, pl. xv, fig. 27; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 50, pl. xv, fig. 27.—*HANn-
‘No specimen in the Lea collection exactly agrees with the figure of this species
and Lea gives no exact locality for the type; but from a careful study of his shells
and the figure and description I am convinced that it is a somewhat compressed form
of the very variable clava, which has rather low beaks, that are not placed as far for-
ward as usual. There seems to be a complete set of intermediates.
2Dr. Lea is inclined to believe (see above citation) that Conrad’s Unio maculatus
is the same as his own ravenelianus, and if this were the case Lea’s name should have
precedence. From an examination of specimens in the Philadelphia Academy of
Natural Sciences and Conrad’s figure and description, I am forced to differ from Dr.
Lea, as I consider the species close to Lamarck’s clavus.
3 The type, a young shell, is certainly the same as Unio lawti, and there does not seem
to be any material difference between it and the types of U. bellulus and mundus.
The figure is hardly accurate.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAITADES—SIMPSON. CASE
LEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 213.—*ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., VI, 1853, p.
950.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—*CuHENu, III.
Conch., 1858, pl. xxxu1, figs. 1, la, 1b.—*KustTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862,
p- 287, pl. xcvi, fig. 4.—*B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) holstonensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 38.
*Unio mundus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p.83; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI,
1866, p.40, pl. xiv, fig. 38; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 44, pl. xiv, fig. 38.—*REEVE,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xvi, fig. 72..\—*B. H. Wricut, Check List,
1888.—*P TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 160.
* Margaron (Unio) mundus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 40.
t* Unio lawi Lga, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p. 189; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VIII, 1874, p. 8, pl. u, fig. 45 *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 12, pl. m1, fig. 4.—*B. H.
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.
t* Unio pattinoides LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p. 193; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 16, pl.1v, fig. 12; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 20, pl. rv, fig. 12.—
*B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.
t * Unio bellulus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 161; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VIII, 1874, p. 50, pl. xvu, fig. 48; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 54, pl. xvi, fig.
48.—B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
Tennessee River system.
+t PLEUROBEMA BOURNIANUS Lea.
* Unio bournianus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 288; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII,
1842, p. 213, pl. xv, fig. 28; *Obs., III, p. 51, pl. xv, fig. 28.—*Conrap, Pr.
Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., IT,
1857, p. 495.—*CHENU, Ill. Coneh., 1858, pl. xxviul, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.—*B. H.
Wricat, Check List, 1888.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 146.
* Maragron (Unio) bournianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 39.
Sciota River, near Chillicothe, Ohio.
+ PLEUROBEMA EDGARIANUS Lea.
*Unio edgarianus Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 288; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.,
VIII, 1842, p. 214, pl. xv, fig. 30; Obs., III, 1842, p. 52, pl. xv, fig. 30.—* Con-
RAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree.
Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, pl. xxix, figs. 5, 5a, 5b.—
* KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 213, pl. Lxx, fig. 5.—* Musa@Rave, Phot.
Conch., 1863, pl. 11, fig. 6.—* REEvk, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xv, fig.
65.—* B. H.WriGcuT, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p.
151.
* Margaron ( Unio) edgarianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 39.
t * Unio obuncus Luna, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., I, 1871, p. 192; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci., VIII, 1874,
p. 9, pl. u, fig. 5; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 13, pl. u, fig. 5.—* B. H. Wrieut,
Check List, 1888.
+ * Unio andersonensis Lra, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 155; * Jl. Ac., N. Sci.
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 36, pl. xu, fig. 33; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 40, pl. x11, fig.
33.—* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.
Tennessee River system.
1In the errata Reeve says this is not mundus, but that it is nearer cuneolus and
mooresianus. I have compared it with authentic specimens, and it is certainly
nearer mundus than either of the other mentioned species.
748 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
+PLEUROBEMA CUNEOLUS Lea.
* Unio cuneolus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 286; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII,
1842, p. 193, pl. vu, fig. 3; *Obs., ITI, 1842, p. 31, pl. vu, fig. 3.—*“CONRAD, Pr.
Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 247.—* H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II,
1857, p. 495.—*CuHENU, I]. Conch., 1858, pl. xxx, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.—* KUSTER,
Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 182, pl. Lx vu, fig. 4.—* REEve, Conch. Icon., XVI,
1865, pl. xxii, fig. 107.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch.
Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 149.
* Margaron (Unio) cuneolus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 38.
t* Unio clinchensis Lma, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XI, 1867, p. 81; *Jl. Ac. N. Sei.
Phila., VI, 1868, p. 278, pl. xxxvut, fig. 91; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 38, pl. xxxvil,
fig. 91.—* B. H.Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,
p. 148.
* Margaron (Unio) clinchensis La, Syn., 1870, p. 38.
Tennessee River system.
+PLEUROBEMA LESLEYI Lea.
* Unio lesleyi Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 306; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1860, p. 352, pl. Lvl, fig. 177; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 34, pl. Lvui1, fig. 177.—
*B. H. Wricut, Check Lists 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) lesleyi LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 40.
Kentucky; Tennessee.
+t PLEUROBEMA RAVENELIANA Lea.
*Unio ravenelianus L¥A,! Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 32, pl. 111, fig. 5; *Obs.,
I, 1834, p. 144, pl. 11, fig. 5.—* Ferussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* HANLEY,
Test. Moll., 1842, p. 187; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 187, pl. xx, fig.59.—* CaTLow
and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 63.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II,
1857, p.495.—* KusTER,Conch.Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 269, pl. xc1, fig. 1.—* REEVE,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xvi, fig. 70.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
*Margarita (Unio) ravenelianus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 22; 1838, p. 18.
*Margaron (Unio) ravenelianus, LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 40.
*Unio rudis CONRAD, Monog., IX, 1837, p. 76, pl. xxi, fig. 1.—* CONRAD, Pr.
Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257.
*Unio decisus KUSTER, (part) Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 41, pl. vi, fig. 1.
Kentucky; Tennessee; western North Carolina.
+t PLEUROBEMA OVIFORMIS Conrad.
* Unio oviformis CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 46, pl. m1, fig. 6; p. 70.—
* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p.
208.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III, 1845, p. 22, pl. 1, fig. 7.—* Con-
RAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 254.—*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec.
Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* B. H. Wricat, Check List, 1888.—* P& TEL, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 162.
Margaron (Unio) oviformis LA, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 40.
Tennessee.
'In May, 1834, Conrad published a Unio raveneli in New Fresh Water Shells (p. 39)
which belongs to the complanatus group. Lea’s name, ravenelianus, appeared in
August or September of the same year. Conrad, claiming priority for his name,
substituted that of Unio rudis for Lea’s species. As the names are really different,
that of Lea had better stand.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. T49
+tPLEUROBEMA ACUENS Lea.
* Unio acuens LEA, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p.190; * Jl. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
VIII, 1874, p. 27, pl. vii, fig. 24; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 31, pl. vim, fig. 24.—
*B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 143.
Tennessee River system.
+t PLEUROBEMA ORNATA Lea.
* Unio ornatus LKa, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 4; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
V, 1862, p. 85, pl. x1, fig. 234; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 89, pl. x1, fig. 234.—
*PxTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 162.
* Margaron (Unio) ornatus LEa, Syn., 1870, p. 57.1
Alabama.
+PLEUROBEMA APPRESSA Lea.
*Unio appressus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p. 189; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VIII, 1874, p. 12, pl. 11, fig. 8.—* Obs., III, 1874, pl. mz, fig. 8—*B. H.
WriaGut, Check List, 1888.
* Unio argenteus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxvit, fig. 204.
tUnio tuscumbiensis La, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p. 191; *Jl. Ae. N. Sci.
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 11, pl. 1, fig. 7; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 15, pl. 10, fig. 7.—
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
*Unio flavidus Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p.156; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VIII, 1874, p. 28, pl. 1x, fig. 25; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 32, pl. 1x, fig. 25.—
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
Tennessee River system.
+PLEUROBEMA TESSERULZ Lea.
*Unio tesserule Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1861, p.392; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VI, 1866, p. 40, pl. xv, fig. 39; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 44, pl. xiv, fig. 38.—* B. H.
WricGut, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) tesserule LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 36.
Nolachucky River, Tennessee.
tPLEUROBEMA VALIDA Lea.
*Unio validus LEa, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p.189; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VEE S74- pp. .6.- ply i fig. 2-3 Obs.) Sil 1si45 ps; 10 plan ne. 2:—* B. EH.
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.
Tennessee.
+PLEUROBEMA ABACUS Haldeman.2
* Unio abacus HALDEMAN, Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1842, p. 202.—* Conran,
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI., 1853, p. 244.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll.,
II, 1857, p.495.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam.,
IIT, 1890, p. 143.
* Margaron (Unio) abacus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 38
Tennessee and southwest Virginia.
! The only specimen I have seen (the type) is a young shell, which I can not refer
with certainty to any other species.
2 As this species was not figured and I have not seen the type, I am unable to be
absolutely certain what it is. In the Lea collection are four specimens labeled
“¢ Unio abacus Hald.,’”’ which are close to appressus.
750 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM | VOL. XXIL
+PLEUROBEMA SWORDIANA 6S. H. Wright.
* Unio swordianus 8. H. WricuT, Naut., XI, 1897, p. 4.!
* Pleurobema swordiana, Simpson, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 81, pl. rv, fig. 4.
Head waters of the Tennessee River.
+PLEUROBEMA TUMESCENS Lea.
* Unio tumescens LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 164; Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X,
1848, p. 71, pl. 11, fig. 7; Obs., IV, 1848, p. 45, pl. 111, fig. 7.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac.
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 259.—* H. and A. ApAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857,
p- 496.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* ParEeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,
p. 170.
* Margaron (Unio) tumescens Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 38.
+* Unio radiosus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p. 192; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VII, 1874,p. 13, pl. m1, fig: 95 “Obs, XA, 18745 p. 17," pl. ma geo
*B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.
Tennessee. The localities, Alexandria, Louisiana, of Lea, for the type,
and Ouachita River, Arkansas, given by Call, are open to doubt.
+PLEUROBEMA DOLABELLOIDES Lea.
* Unio dolabelloides Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., 1, 1840, p. 288; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.,
VIII, 1842, p. 215, pl. xv, fig. 31; * Obs., III, 1842, p. 53, pl. xv, fig. 51.—*Con-
RAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree.
Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—* CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, pl. xx1x, figs. 4, 4a, 4b.—
*Kuster, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 214, pl. Lxx1, fig. 3.—* SowkERBy, Conch.
Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxvu, fig. 205.—* B. H. Wricgut, Check List, 1888.—
*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 151.
*Margaron (Unio) dolabelloides LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 35; 1870, p. 56. |
t * Unio thorntonii, Lma, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p. 83; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VI, 1866, p. 38, pl. xiv, fig. 36; * Obs., XI, 1867, p. 42, pl. xrv, fig. 36.—* B. H.
Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—*P «TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 169.
* Margaron (Unio) thorntonii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 56.
t* Unio mooresianus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p.83; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VI, 1866, p. 39, pl. x1v, fig. 37; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 43, pl. xtv, fig. 37.—* B. H.
Wriacut, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) mooresianus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 39.
*Unio moorenianus P TEL, Conch. Sam., ITT, 1890, p. 159.
t* Unio recurvatus Lm, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p. 192; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VIII, 1874, p. 10, pl. 1, fig. 6; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 14, pl. 11, fig.6.—* B. H.
Wricut, Check List, 1888.
+* Unio circwmactus Lea,? Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p. 192; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VIII, 1874, pl. rv, fig. 11; Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 19, pl.1v, fig. 11.—* B. H.
WriGuHtT, Check List, 1888.
Tennessee River drainage.
1T am a little in doubt as to the validity of this species.
°The figured type is certainly an adult, and that of dolabelloides the young of the
same species.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. T51
t PLEUROBEMA SUBGLOBATA Lea.
* Unio subglobatus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p. 191; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 7, pl. 1, fig. 3; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 11, pl. 1, fig. 3.—
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
Cumberland and Tennessee rivers.
+ PLEUROBEMA CRUDA Lea.
* Unio crudus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p. 190; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VIII, 1874, p. 14, pl. Iv, fig. 10; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 18, pl. rv, fig. 10.—
*B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 149.
Cumberland, French Broad, and Holston rivers, Tennessee; Swamp
Creek, Murray County, Georgia.
+ PLEUROBEMA BARNESIANA Lea.
* Unio barnesianus Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 31, pl. x, fig. 26; *Obs.,
II, 1838, p. 31, pl. x, fig. 26.—* TrRoscHEL, Arch. fiir. Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2,
p. 235.—* Haney, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 185; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 185, pl.
xxl, fig. 14.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 56.—* ConraD
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245.—* H. and A. ADams, Gen. Rec.
Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. x1x, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.—
*SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxx1v, fig. 180.—* B. H. Wrieut,
Check List, 1888.—* Parr, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 145.
* Margarita ( Unio) barnesianus LEA, Syn., 18386, p. 20; 1838, p. 17.
* Margaron (Unio) barnesianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 38.
* Unio ravenelianus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xvi, fig. 70.
t* Unio tellicoensis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 155; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 31, pl. x, fig. 28; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 35, pl. x, fig. 28.—
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
Cumberland and Tennessee river systems.
PLEUROBEMA LYONII Lea.
* Unio lyonit Lm, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1865, p. 89; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VI, 1869, p. 259, xxx11, fig. 74; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 19, pl. xxxu, fig. 74.—
*B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. s
Margaron (Unio) lyonit Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 56.
Tennessee River system.
PLEUROBEMA PUDICA Lea.
* Unio pudicus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p.92; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1860, p. 346, pl. Lv, fig. 171; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 28, pl. Lvt, fig. 171.—
*SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxx1, fig. 427.—*B. H. Wriaut,
Check List, 1888. —? Samm, Conch. Sam., ITT, 1890, p. Mg
*Margaron ( Unio) pudicus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 37.
*Unio subrotundus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxvil, fig. 201.
Tennessee River system.
+ PLEUROBEMA BIGBYENSIS Lea.
*Unio bigbyensis LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., II, 1841, p. 30; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII,
1843, p. 237, pl. xx, fig. 51; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 75, pl. xxu, fig. 51.—
752 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
* CoNRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245.—* H. and A. ADAms, Gen.
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* CHENU, I]. Conch., 1858, pl. xx11. figs. 5, 5a, 56.—
* KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 279, pl. xcrv, fig. 3.—* SOWERBY, Conch.
Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. X11, fig. 227.—* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 146.
* Margaron (Unio) bigbyensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24, 1870, p. 38.
Tennessee River drainage; Indian Territory? Texas? The two last
localities very doubtful.
(Group of Plewrobema decisa.)
Shell solid, inflated, ovate to elliptical, very inequilateral, somewhat
truncated in front and rounded or bluntly pointed behind, wedge-
shaped when looked at from above; base slightly angled in front, then
nearly straight for two-thirds of its length, from whence it curves to
the posterior point; beaks high, curved inward and forward; beak
sculpture consisting of a few coarse, irregularly concentric ridges
which curve slightly upward behind; epidermis tawny to brownish,
rayless, the rest periods very distinctly marked by dark bands; pseudo-
cardinals stumpy, ragged, often showing a tendency to elongation in
the direction of the axis of the shell.
Animal having the branchi rather small, inner the larger, free nearly
or quite the entire length of the abdominal sac, marsupium occupying
all but the extreme posterior end of the outer gills; branchiz and anal
openings papillose.
+ PLEUROBEMA DECISA Lea.
* Unio decisus LmA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 92, pl. x11, fig. 23; * Obs., I, 1834,
p. 102, pl. xu, fig. 23.—* ConraD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 68.—* FERUS-
sac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28.—* ConraD, Monog., I, 1835, p. 6, pl. 111, fig. 2.—
* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 187; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 187, pl. xxu1, fig. 21.—
* CaATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio,
1852, p. 41, pl. vu, fig. 3..—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248.—
*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* CHENU, II. Conch.,
1858, pl. x vil, figs. 3, 83a, 3b.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xvi, fig.
71.—B. H.Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Parr, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 150.
* Margarita (Unio) decisus Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 21; 1838, p. 18.
*Margaron (Unio) decisus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 40.
* Unio scalenius Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.
t* Unio anaticulus Lm, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 40; “Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
1862, p.92, pl. xu, fig. 240; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 96, pl. xm, fig. 240.—
*SoweERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxvu, fig. 199.—* B. H. WRIGHT,
Check List, 1888.—* Pater, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 144.
*Margaron (Unio) anaticulus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 40.
*Unio consanguineus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1861, p.60; *J1l. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., V, 1862, p. 67, pl. vu, fig. 217; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 71, pl. vu, fig. 217.—
*SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxvin, fig. 409.—* B. H. WRIGHT,
Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148.
*Margaron (Unio) consanguineus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 40.
1 This figure is probably that of U. decisus. That on plate vu, which he refers to
that species, is most likely Lea’s ravenelianus.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 153
t* Unio crebrivittatus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1861, p.60; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 43, pl. xv, fig. 41; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 47, pl. xv, fig. 41,.—
*B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) crebrivittatus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 40.
*? Unio medius REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xvul, fig. 77.
Alabama and Tombigbee river systems.
+ PLEUROBEMA CHATTANOOGAENSIS Lea.
*Unio chattanoogaensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 166; *J1. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., IV, 1859, p. 209, pl. xxv, fig. 90; * Obs., VII, 1859, p. 27, pl. xxv, fig.
90.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., X VI, 1864, pl. x v1, fig. 69.—B. H. WricuT, Check
List, 1888.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148.
* Margaron (Unio) chattanoogaensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 40.!
Alabama River system.
+ PLEUROBEMA INTERVENTUS Lea.
* Unio interventus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 60; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., V, 1862, p. 84, pl. x1, fig. 233; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 88, pl. x1, fig. 233.—
*B. WH. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 156.
*Margaron (Unio) interventus LEA, Syn., 1879, p. 40.
t* Unio pallidofulvus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 60; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., V, 1862, p. 83, pl. x1, fig. 332; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 87, pl. x1, fig. 232.—
*B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) pallidofulvus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 40.
Cahawba River, Alabama.
+PLEUROBEMA MURRAYENSIS Lea.
*Unio murrayensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1868, p. 143; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1869, p. 303, pl. xuvi, fig. 115; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 62, pl. xLv1,
fig. 115.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) murrayensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 40.
Coosa River system; Columbus, Georgia?
(Group of Plewrobema curta.)
Shell elongate triangular, truncated in front, rounded on the base
where it is quite full behind the middle, with a low posterior ridge, the
space between the middle of the disk and the ridge flattened or some-
times slightly excavated, rather sharply pointed behind; umbonal
region very prominent; beaks well forward; beak scuipture not ob-
served; epidermis rather smooth, brownish olive; pseudocardinals dis-
tinet, triangular, radiate; laterals heavy, slightly curved; cicatrices
small and deep; nacre iridescent posteriorly. Animal with the gills
large, semicircular, the outer slightly larger than the inner, which are
free nearly their whole length from the abdominal sac; marsupium
occupying the entire length of the outer gills.
‘Probably did not come from Chattanooga, Tennessee, as Dr. Lea believes, but
from some of the streams of northern Georgia or Alabama, which drain southward.
According to Hon. T. H. Aldrich, the animal of this and allied species is a brilliant
scarlet.
_Proe. N. M. vol. xxii 48
154 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
tPLEUROBEMA CURTA Lea.
* Unio curtus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 112; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
V, 1862, p. 103, pl. xvi, fig. 253; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 107, pl. xvu, fig. 256.—
*B. H. WricutT, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) curtus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 40.
Tombigbee River, Columbus, Mississippi.
(Group of Plewrobema troscheliana.)
Shell rather small, solid, rounded-triangular, inflated, somewhat
inequilateral, slightly pointed near the posterior base, and rounded
angular at the hinder end of the ligament; base of the shell almostevenly
rounded; posterior ridge low; beaks high and slightly curved inward
and forward over a well-defined lunule; epidermis dull tawny, showing
the rest periods and occasionally marked with a radiating row of dark
green, squarish spots in front of the posterior ridge; hinge plate wide
and flat; pseudocardinals small, triangular, rough; laterals short,
curved; muscle scars small, rather deep. Animal with semicircular
gills, the inner the larger and free from the abdominal sac half to
nearly their whole length; ovisacs of outer gills apparently in pairs.
t PLEUROBEMA TAITIANA Lea.
*Unio taitianus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 39, pl. Iv, fig. 11; *Obs., I,
1834, p. 151, pl. 1v, fig. 11.—* FERussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* HaNLry,
Test. Moll., 1842, p. 186; * Biv. Shells, 1848, p. 186, pl. xx111, fig. 26.—* Con-
RAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.— *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree.
Moll., II, 1857, p. 496.— *B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Parry, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 169.
* Margarita (Unio) taitianus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 21; 1838, p. 18.
*Margaron (Unio) taitianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 38.
Alabama River.
+ PLEUROBEMA COR Conrad.
* Unio mytilloides CONRAD, Am. JI. Sci., XXV, 1834, p. 343, pl. 1, fig. 7.!
* Unio cor CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 28, pl. 111, fig. 3, p. 68.—* FERUSSAC,
Guerin Mag., 1835, p. 29.—*M6LLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 202.—* HANLEY,
Test. Moll., 1842, p. 187; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 187.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist
1Conrad says this is between Unio ellipsis Lea and mytilloides Rafinesque, but that
he has no doubt that it is the latter. It is certainly very different from the shell
Rafinesque figures and describes as Pleurobema mytilloides. (Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys.
Brux., XIII, 1820, p. 313, pl. Lxxxur, figs. 8-10.) Conrad’s Unio cor was published in
May, 1834, and his mytilloides in January of the same year, so that the latter has
priority, but as Rafinesque’s name was placed under the genus Pleurobema, and as I
place Conrad’s species, which is an entirely different thing, in the same genus, the
name mytilloides can not be used for it, and it must therefore take the next name
proposed, which is Conrad’s cor.
Dr. Lea admits Rafinesque’s mytilloides with doubt, and in his collection places
under that name specimens which I regard asa rather elongated Quadrula pyramidata.
Rafinesque’s figure represents an elongated shell, almost absolutely straight on the
dorsal line, and with the beaks carried far in front of the rest of the shell. I have
never seen any thing which at all agrees with it.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 755
ser., III, 1845, p. 16, pl. 111, fig. 2.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.
57.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 247.—* H. and A. ADams,
Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* B. H.Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* Parr,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 149.
*Margarita (Unio) cor LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 21; 1838, p. 18.
*Margaron (Unio) cor LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 39.
t*Unio crapulus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 39; *Jl. Ac. N. Sei.
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 42, pl. xv, fig. 40; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 46, pl. xv, fig.
40.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) crapulus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 41.
t*Unio lewisii Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p.40; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
V, 1862, p. 71, pl. vir, fig. 220; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 75, pl. vim, fig. 220.—
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) lewisiti LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 56.
_ Alabama River system; Flint River, Georgia.
+ PLEUROBEMA PEROVATA Conrad.
*Unio perovatus CONRAD, Am. JI. of Sci., XXV, 1834, p. 338, pl. L, fig. 3; *? New
F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 47, pl. 11, fig. 3..—FERuUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29—
* MOLLER, Syn. Noy. Geu., 1836, p. 199; * Test. Moll., 1842, p. 190.—*Hantry,
Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 190.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III, 1845, p. 22, pl. 1,
fig. 3.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 254.—*H. and A.
ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888,
*Margarita (Unio) perovatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 23; 1838, p. 19.
Margaron (Unio) perovatus Lra, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 42.
Prairie Creek (tributary of the Tombigbee), Marengo County,
Alabama.
+PLEUROBEMA NUCLEOPSIS Conrad.
Unio nucleopsis CONRAD, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., IV, 1849, p. 301;2 *Pr. Ac.
N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1849, p. 154; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1850, p. 276, pl.
XXXvuI, fig. 81.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—
* KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 217, pl. LX x11, fig. 3.—* REEVE, Conch.
Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xvi, fig. 68.—*B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—
* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 161.
*Margarita ( Unio) nucleopsis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 35; 1870, p. 56.
Coosa River system.
+ PLEUROBEMA STABILIS Lea.
*Unio stabilis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 59; *J1. Ac. N. Sei. Phila.,
V, 1862, p. 71, pl. vim, fig. 221;-* Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 75, pl. vu, fig. 221.—
*B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) stabilis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 38.
tUnio medius Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 40; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
PN; Ase p.18, plex) fies 227-30 Obs, VIII. 1862) pe $2. plix ip. 227.— = Sows
ERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxx111, fig. 375.—* B. H. Wricut, Check
List, 1888.—* PareL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 158.
Margaron (Unio) medius LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 40.
Coosa River, Alabama.
1'This figure differs a good deal from that in the American Journal of Science, and
it may be taken from a younger, less inflated shell.
?Very close to P.irrasa, and it may be that when a sufficient amount of material
is examined the two will have to be placed together.
156. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. -
} PLEUROBEMA TROSCHELIANA Lea.
* Unio troschelianus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 280, pl. x xu, fig. 39; *Obs.,
V, 1852, p. 36, pl. xxiu, fig. 39.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II,
1857, p. 496.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* PHTEL, Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 170.
* Margaron (Unio) troschelianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 40.
Alabama River system.
PLEUROBEMA IRRASA Lea.
* Unio irrasus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila,, V, 1861, p. 38; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
V, 1862, p. 91, pl. x11, fig. 239; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p.95, pl. x11, fig. 239.—
*B. H. WriGuT, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) irrasus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 38.
Coosa River system.
+ PLEUROBEMA ALTA Conrad.
*Unio altus CONRAD, Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1854, p. 298, pl. xxvii, fig. 5.—
*B. H. Wriacut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron( Unio) altus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 42.
t * Unio fibuloides Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 154; Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., IV, 1859, p. 219, pl. xxvii, fig. 100; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 37, pl.
xxvill, fig. 100.—* SowErRBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. x1, fig. 223.—
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—-* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 152.
Margaron (Unio) fibuloides Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 56.
Connasauga River, Georgia.
+ PLEUROBEMA HARTMANIANA Lea.
*Unio hartmanianus Lm, Pr. Ac. N.Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 307; *Jl. Ac. N. Sei.
Phila., V, 1862, p: 73, pl. vim, fig. 222; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 77, pl. vim,
fig. 222.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888. ;
*Margaron (Unio) hartmanianus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 38.
Coosa ttiver, Alabama.
Dr. Lea has shells in his collection from the Clinch River which he
places with this species, which I am certain belong to the Clava group.
+t PLEUROBEMA INSTRUCTA Lea.
* Unio instructus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p.59; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
V, 1862, p. 82, pl. x, fig. 230; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 86, pl. x, fig. 230.—* B. H.
WriGcut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) instructus Lua, Syn., 1870, p. 38.
Cahawba River, Alabama.
(Group of Pleurobema showalterii.)
Shell small, rounded triangular, inflated, slightly truncated ante-
riorly, posterior end arched and ending in a bluntly rounded point at
the post base, posterior ridge well defined; umbonal region full; beaks
rather prominent, the sculpture not observed; epidermis brown, not
rayed; hinge plate rather wide; pseudocardinals small, triangular,
NO. 1208. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. ont
radial, roughened; laterals short, heavy, nacre white, brilliantly irides
cent posteriorly; beak cavities shallow.
Animal apparently having ovisacs in pairs which are slightly wavy
and lirate at the base; gills rather large, semicircular, inner much the
larger, partly free from the abdominal sac; mantle thin, thickened at
edge, and bordered with a dark line.’
tPLEUROBEMA SHOWALTERII Lea.
* Unio showalterii LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 307; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., V, 1862, p. 73, pl. vii, fig. 223; Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 77, pl. vit, fig. 223.—
*SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxx1, fig. 426.—* B. H. Wriaurt,
Check List, 1888.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p.167.
* Margaron (Unio) showalterii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 55.
Coosa River, Alabama.
(Group of Pleurobema nux.)
Shell oval, inflated, moderately solid, with a low posterior ridge,
swollen at the post-basal part; posterior end pointed at the termi-
nation of the posterior ridge; beaks full, rather high, considerably
removed from the anterior end; epidermis pale to dark brown, rest
lines very distinct; pseudocardinals small, stumpy, radiate, rough,
laterals straight; nacre brilliantly iridescent posteriorly; front part of
shell heavy, suddenly becoming thinner behind.
Animal unknown.
+t PLEUROBEMA VERA Lea.
“Unio verus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1860, p.140; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V,
1862, p. 83, pl. x1, fig. 231; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 87, pl. x1, fig. 231.—* B. H.
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) verus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 38.
Black Warrior and Cahawba rivers, Alabama.
+tPLEUROBEMA HAGLERI Frierson.
“Unio (Pleurobema) hagleri FRIERSON, Nautilus, XIII, 1900, p. 109, pl. 11.
North River, Alabama, near Tyner.
tPLEUROBEMA RUBELLA Conrad.
“Unio rubellus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 38, pl. v1, fig. 2, p. 71.—*FERUs-
SAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—*MGLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 205.—*Han-
LEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 201; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 201.—*CHENU, Bib. Conch.,
Ist ser., III, 1845, p. 20, pl. 1, fig. 2.—*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845,
p. 63.—*ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257.—*H. and A. ADAMs,
Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—*B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—*P «TEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 166.
'The single species which I place in this group is quite variable. Some specimens
approach Quadrula solida and trigona in general shape, while others are more like
! leurobema irrasa and troscheliana. I judge from the character of the gills that the
iarsupium is confined to the outer pair.
T58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
* Margarita (Unio) rubellus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 33; 1888, p. 28.
*Margaron (Unio) rubellus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 34; 1870, p. 55.
t * Unio rudis CONRAD, } Monog., No. 9, 1837, p. 76, pl. xLu1, fig. 1.—*B. H. WRiGuHT,
Check List, 1888.
t* Unio pulvinulus Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 164; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.,
X, 1848, p. 81, pl. vu, fig. 24; * Obs., [V, 1848, p. 55, pl. vu, fig. 24.—* CoNRAD,
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 255.—* H. and A. ADams, Gen. Rec. Moll.,
II, 1857, p. 495.—* B. H. WricutT, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEeL, Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 164.
*Margaron (Unio) pulvinulus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 41.
Black Warrior and Cahawba rivers, Alabama.
t PLEUROBEMA FURVA Conrad.?
*Unio furvus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 39, pl. vi, fig. 3, page 69.—
* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p.29.—* MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 205.—
* CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III, 1845, p. 20, pl. 11, fig. 4.—*ConraD, Pr.
Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
Black Warrior River, Alabama.
t PLEUROBEMA AVELLANA Simpson.
* Pleurobema avellana SIMPSON, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 81, pl. 11, figs. 6, 7.
Cahawba River, Alabama.
+ PLEUROBEMA NUX Lea.
* Unio nux Lma, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 283, pl. xxiv, fig.43; * Obs. V, 1852,
p. 39, pl. xxtv, fig. 43.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—
*B.H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,p. 161.
* Margaron (Unio) nux LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 31; 1870, p. 49.
t Unio cinnamomicus Lna, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 39; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., V, 1862, p. 100, pl. xvi, fig. 248; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 104, pl. xvi, fig.
248.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxxuu, fig. 438.—* B. H.
Wricut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) cinnamomicus LKa, Syn., 1870, p. 49.
Alabama River system.
+PLEUROBEMA PINKSTONI S. H. Wright.
* Unio pinkstoni 8. H. WRIGHT, Nautilus, X, 1897, p. 136.
* Pleurobema pinkstoni SIMPSON, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 81, pl. 1, fig. 8.
Alabama River system.
1Conrad says that U. ravenelianus of Lea is the same as his U. rudus, which, accord-
ing to Ravenel, is found in the French Broad River, though Conrad obtained his
species in the Black Warrior. The species of Conrad is, however, quite distinct from
that of Lea, the two never occurring in the same drainage system.
2T have seen what I believe are specimens of this species from the collections of
the Hon. T. H. Aldrich and Mr. Bryant Walker, taken from the Black Warrior
River, Alabama, but I think it not improbable that it may run into P. rubella.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 159
+PLEUROBEMA JOHANNIS Lea.
* Unio johannis Lima, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., IIT, 1859, p.171; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1860, p. 340, pl. LV, fig. 168; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 25, pl. LV, fig. 168.—* B. H.
WriGut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) johannis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 41.
Alabama River system.
+ PLEUROBEMA HANLEYANA Lea.
* Unio hanleyanus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil’ Soc., X, 1852, p. 279, pl. xx, fig. 37; *Obs.,
V, 1852, p. 35, pl. xxi, fig. 37.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II,
1857, p. 495.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xv, fig. 76.\—* SowERBy,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xLv1, fig. 249.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List,
1888.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 154.
*Margaron (Unio) hanleyanus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 40.
Coosa River drainage, Georgia and Alabama.
tPLEUROBEMA FLAVIDULUS Lea.
* Unio flavidulus La, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 39; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
V, 1862, p. 97, pl. xv, fig. 245; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 101, pl. xv, fig. 245.—* B.
H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) flavidulus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 40.
Columbus, Mississippi.
(Group of Plewrobema bulbosa.)
Shell elongate oval, solid, inflated, with a high posterior ridge, ending
in a point behind, above which it is feebly wrinkled; beaks full, seulpture
not seen; epidermis smooth, dark, rayless; hinge strong; pseudocar-
dinals heavy, torn, sometimes a small third one in the left valve; later-
als heavy, club-shaped, granulate, two in the left valve and one and a
small secondary lateral in the right. Animal unknown.
+ PLEUROBEMA BULBOSA Lea.
* Unio bulbosus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 172; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1859, p. 191, pl. xx1, fig. 75; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 9, pl. x x1, fig. 75.—* B. H.
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. :
* Margaron (Unio) bulbosus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 40.
Ocmulgee and Flint rivers, Georgia.
+PLEUROBEMA HARPERI B. H. Wright.
*Unio harpert B. H. WRiGuHT, Naut., XIII, 1899, p. 6.
* Pleurobema harperi Stmpson, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 81, pl. 1, fig. 10.
Altamaha and Flint rivers, Georgia; Suwanee River, Florida.’
1Reeve states in his errata that this is not Unio hanleyanus. The figure agrees
fairly well with the type of that species.
2This may prove to be a variety of P. bulbosa.
760 _ PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXU.
+PLEUROBEMA RECLUSA B. H. Wright.
“ Unio reclusus B. H. Wricut, Naut., XI, 1898, p. 3.
* Pleurobema reclusa Stmpson, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 82, pl. 1, fig. 2.
Ocklocknee River, Leon County, Florida.
(Group of Plewrobema brumbyana.)
Shell oval, inflated, moderately solid, faintly swollen at post basal
region; beaks rather prominent, somewhat distant from the anterior
end; beak sculpture not seen; disks irregularly, concentrically sculp-
tured; epidermis dark olive to blackish, striate; pseudocardinals sub-
radiate, slightly compressed; beak cavities shallow; nacre iridescent
posteriorly, somewhat thickened in front.
+t PLEUROBEMA BRUMBYANA Lea.
* Unio brumléyanus LEA,’ Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., II, 1841, p. 82.
* Unio brumbyanus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 246, pl. xxv1, fig. 62;
* Obs., III, 1842, p. 83, pl. xxvi, fig. 62.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VI, 1853, p. 245.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—* B.
H. WriGcut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 146.
* Margaron (Unio) brumbyanus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 31; 1870, p. 49.
t * Unio concolor LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p.40; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
V, 1862, p. 89, pl. x1, fig. 237; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 93, pl. xt, fig. 237.—
* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxx11, fig. 440.—* B. H. WRIGHT,
Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1870, p. 148.
* Margaron (Unio) concolor LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 49.
Alabama River system.
(Group of Pleurobema argentea.)
Shell solid, oval to rhomboid, generally compressed, beaks high but
not inflated, well removed from the anterior end, with strong, irregular
sculpture, which is curved up and swollen behind where the bars are
slightly looped; epidermis brownish to straw color, sometimes having
a few broken, blotched rays; teeth strong; cicatrices deep and distinct.
Animal unknown.’
+ PLEUROBEMA SIMULANS Lea.
*Unio simulans Lea, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p. 190; *Jl. Acad. N. Sci.
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 18, pl. v, fig. 15; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 22, pl. v, fig. 15.—
~B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
Black Warrior and Cahawba rivers, Alabama; Pine Barren Creek,
Escambia County, Florida.
180 written in Proceedings; no doubt a typographical error, as the species was
“named after Brumby.
2The species placed here are puzzling and seem to stand between Unio and
Pleurobema. The color and the beak sculpture incline me to place them with the
latter, and some of the species seem to show relationship with such forms as P.
pudica and bigbyana.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. T61
+PLEUROBEMA STRODEANA B. H. Wright.
*Unio strodeanus B. H. WRIGHT, Nautilus, XII, 1898, p. 5.
*Pleurobema strodeana SIMPSON, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., 1900, p. 81, pl.1, fig. 3.
Escambia River, Florida; Flint River, Rhoadsville, Georgia.
+ PLEUROBEMA PATSALIGENSIS Simpson
*Pleurobema patsaligensis Simpson, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p.82, pl. 1, fig. 1.
Little Patsaliga Creek, southeast Alabama.
+ PLEUROBEMA FAVOSA Lea.
“Unio favosus LEA, Proc. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 262; * Jl. Acad. N. Sei.
Phila., IV, 1858, p. 58, pl. vi, fig. 40; * Obs., VI, p. 58, pl. vim, fig. 40.—* Sow-
ERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xc, fig. 488.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List,
1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 151.
*Margaron (Unio) favosus LBA, Syn., 1870, p. 38.
Alabama River system.
+ UNIO LENTICULARIS Lea.
* Unio lenticularis LEA, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p 155; * Jl. Acad. N. Sci.
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 30, pl. 1x, fig. 27; * Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 34, pl. 1x, fig. 27.—
*B.H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.
Tellico River, Monroe County, Tennessee; Hast Tennessee.
| PLEUROBEMA MEREDITHII Lea.
*Unio meredithit Lea, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p.40; *J1. Acad. N. Sci.
Phila., V, 1862, p.65, pl. v1, fig. 214; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 69, pl. v, fig. 214.—
*B.H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTrEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 159.
*Margaron (Unio) meredithit LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 35.
Tennessee River system; Black Warrior River, Alabama.
+ PLEUROBEMA LITA Lea.
“Unio litus Lra, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p. 189; *Jl. Acad. N. Sci. Phila.,
VIII, 1874, p. 17, pl. v, fig. 13; * Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 21, pl. v, fig. 13.—* B.
H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.
Cahawba and Black Warrior rivers, Alabama.
PLEUROBEMA GEORGIANA Lea.
*Unio georgianus Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., II, 1841, p. 31;! *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.,
VIII, 1842, p. 235, pl. xx1, fig. 49; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 73, pl. xx1, fig. 49.—
* CONRAD, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen.
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—* CuENu, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xx x11, figs. 3, 3a,
3b).—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* PasrreL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,
p. 153.
*Margaron ( Unio) georgianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 42.
Stump Creek, northwest Georgia.
'I have only seen a single specimen of this, the type, in bad condition, and I can
not be certain where it belongs.
762 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
+t PLEUROBEMA PYRIFORMIS Lea.
*Unio pyriformis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 31; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., IV, 1858, p. 69, pl. xu, fig.50; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 69, pl. x11, fig. 50.—
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) pyriformis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 40.
Near Columbus, Georgia.
+ PLEUROBEMA MODICA Lea.
*Unio modicus LEA, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 171; * Jl. Acad. N. Sci.
Phila., IV, 1859, p. 204, pl. xxiv, fig. 86; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 22, pl. xxtv,
fig. 86.—* B. H. Wricut, Check J.ist, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) modicus Lra, Syn., 1870, p. 40.
Chattahoochee River, Georgia. .
+t PLEUROBEMA STRIATA Lea.
*Unio striatus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 287; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII,
1843, p. 203, pl. x11, fig. 16; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 41, pl. x11, fig. 16.—* ConraD,
Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.—* H. and A. ApAmMs, Gen. Rec. Moll.,
II, 1857, p. 496.—* CuENu, Il]. Conch., 1858, pl. xx1x, figs.1, la, 1b.—* B. H.
WriGHT, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) striatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 40.
Chattahoochee River, Georgia.
+ PLEUROBEMA GIBBER Lea.
* Unio gibber Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Soe., VI, 1838, p- 34, pl. x, fig. 30; *Obs., IT, 1838, p.
35, pl. x, fig. 830.—* TRoscHEL, Arch. fur Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 236.—
*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 185; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 185, pl. xx1, fig. 46.—
*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.59.—* CoNRaD, Pr. Acad. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., I, 1857, p. 495.—
*CHENU, III. Conch., 1858, pl. xx111, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.—* SOwERBY, Conch. Icon.,
XVI, 1866, pl. xt, fig. 219.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
* Margarita (Unio) gibber LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 20; 1838, p. 17.
*Margaron (Unio) gibber LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 37.
Caney Fork, Tennessee.
+PLEUROBEMA FASSINANS Lea.
* Unio fassinans LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 143; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VI, 1869, p. 305, pl. xivut, fig. 118; *Obs., XII, p. 65, pl. xLvu, fig. 118.—* B.
H. WrieutT, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) fassinans LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 42.
+PLEUROBEMA FASSINANS var. RHOMBOIDEA Simpson.!
Upper Tennessee River drainage.
1A form of what I consider fassinans is abundant in the Clinch River, in western
Virginia, which is considerably more rhomboid than the type and may be called var.
rhomboidea.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 763
+ PLEUROBEMA ARGENTEA Lea.
*Unio argenteus Lua, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., II, 1841, p.82; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.. VIII,
1843, p. 242, pl. xxv, fig.57; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 80, pl. xxv, fig. 57.—* ConraD,
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245.—* CHENU, III. Conch., 1858, pl. xx xin,
figs. 2, 2a, 2b.—H. and A. ApAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., IH, 1857, p. 495.—* KusTEr,
Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 188, pl. Lrx, fig. 4; 1861, p. 225, pl. LxxvI1, fig. 3.—
* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Xxxvu, fig. 204.—* B. H. Wricurt,
Check List, 1888.—* P«TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 145.
*Margaron (Unio) argenteus LEa, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 40.
Upper Tennessee River drainage.
+ PLEUROBEMA ARGENTEA var. PANNOSA Simpson.
* Pleurobema argentea pannosa Simpson, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 82.
A solid, somewhat inflated, roughened form from Hot Springs, Arkan-
sas, may be designated as above. Probably a valid species.
+t PLEUROBEMA CONASAUGZENSIS Lea.
*Unio conasaugensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 155.—*J1. Ac. N. Sei.
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 33, pl. x, fig.30; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 37, pl. x, fig. 30.—
*B. H. WRiGHT, Check List, 1888.
Upper Tennessee River drainage.
t PLEUROBEMA BREVIS Lea.
*Unio brevis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 157; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VIII, 1874, p. 35, pl. xu, fig. 32; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 39, pl. xu, fig. 32.—
*B. H. WricutT, Check List, 1888.
Tennessee River system; Hardy, Arkansas.
+PLEUROBEMA BREVIS var. SUBILLIPTICA Simpson.
* Pleurobema brevis subilliptica SIMPSON, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 80.
A solid, inflated form from Hardy, Arkansas, may bear this name.
It is probably a distinct species.
+ PLEUROBEMA PLANIOR Lea.
*Unio planior Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 145; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1869, p. 316, pl. L, fig. 129; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 76, pl. L, fig. 129.—
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) planior LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 35.
Upper Tennessee River drainage.
+ PLEUROBEMA ESTABROOKIANA Lea.
* Unio estabrookianus Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 164; *Tr. Am. Phil.
Soc., X, 1853, p. 77, pl. v1, fig: 17; * Obs., IV, 1848, p.51, pl. vi, fig. 77.—
*CoNRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248.—*H. and A. ADAMs, Gen.
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—*B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron ( Unio) estabrookianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 35.
*Unio estabrokianus PHrTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 152.
764 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
*Unio striatissimus ANTHONY, Am. J]. Conch., I, p. 156, 1865, pl. xu, fig. 1.—
*SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxxv1, fig. 460.--*PamTEL, Conch,
Sam., III, 1890, p. 168.
Upper Tennessee River drainage.
Section PLETHOBASUS Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Unio wsopus Green.)
Shell large, irregularly oval, inflated, solid, somewhat suddenly swollen
at the posterior base; posterior ridge low and rounded; beaks rather
high near the anterior end, having a few strong ridges which are
curved upward behind; a row of low, irregular tubercles extends from
near the beaks to the post basal part of the valves; epidermis tawny
brown in the younger shell, becoming darker with age; hinge plate
solid, not flattened; pseudocardinals triangular, rough; cavity of the
beaks not deep; front part of the shell very heavy; hinder part much
thinner.
Animal having the mantle somewhat toothed posteriorly; branchial
and anal openings large, the latter smooth or with very faint papille;
inner gills the larger, rounded below, free nearly or quite their whole
length from the abdominal sac; marsupium occupying the entire outer
gills.'
+ PLEUROBEMA ASOPUS Green.
*Unio asopus GREEN, Cont. Mac. Lyceum, I, No, 2, 1827, p. 46, fig. 3.—* HANLEY,
Test. Moll., 1842, p. 181; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 181, pl. xxiv, fig. 7.—* Cat-
LOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 551.—*H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec.
Moll., I, 1857, p. 496.—* CALKINS, Proc. Ottawa Acad. N. Sci., 1874, p. 41.—
*CaLL, J]. Cinti. Soc. N. H., XVIII, 1896, p. 157, pl. v1.
* Margarita (Unio) wsopus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 17; 1838, p. 16.
* Margaron (Unio) wsopus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 23; 1870, p. 34.
*Unio cyphia CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p 68.—*FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag.,
1835, p. 27.
*Unio cyphius Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI,
1853, p. 248.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. v111, fig. 28.
* Unio cyphias var. wsopus PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 150.
* Unio scyphius KUSTER, Conch, Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 181, pl. Lv11, fig. 2.
Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems; west to Missouri
and Minnesota; Alabama River, according to Call.
1T am not positive as to the generic position of the two following species, but I am
inclined to place them in Pleurobema. No other living species of this genus has any
development of tubercles, but a great number of fossil forms from the Tertiary of
eastern Europe which seem to be most like Pleurotema are decidedly pustulous.
The heavy, inflated, high beaks and the comparatively shallow beak cavities are
characters found in all the species of this genus. In the single gravid specimen I
examined (one out of a large number from different localities) the outer gills were
not filled very full of ova, though they were found throughout their extent, while
the most careful search did not disclose any in the inner gills.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 165
+ PLEUROBEMA CICATRICOSA Say.
“Unio varicosus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 1V, 1829, p. 90, pl. x1, fig. 20;! * Obs., I,
1834, p. 100, pl. x1, fig. 20.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 181; * Biv. Shells,
1843, p. 181, pl. x x1, fig. 14.—*CatTLaw and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 65.—
*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496.—*CHENu, II]. Conch.,
1858, pl. x1, figs. 6, 6a, 6b.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
* Margarita (Unio) varicosus Lra, Syn., 1836, p.17; 1838, p. 16.
* Margaron ( Unio) varicosus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 23; 1870, p. 34.
* Unio cicatricosus Say, N. Harmony Diss., II, No. 19, 1829, p. 292—*Say, Am.
Conch., VI, 1834.—* FERussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28.—*L. W. Say, Terr.
and Fluv. Shells, 1840, p. 5.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p.
246.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 185, pl. Lv, fig. 2.—* REEVE,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. vii, fig. 31; xu, fig. 50.—*B. H. Wrieut,
Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148.
* Unio cicatricosus var. varicosus P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148.
Ohio River; Tennessee; Claiborne, Alabama. The last locality I con-
sider doubtful. Lea gives St. Paul, Minnesota, as a habitat, but I do
not think it possibly can be.
The following species are described by Rafinesque, but I am unable
to make them out.
* Pleurobema mytiloides RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Brux., V, 1820, p. 313, pl.
LXxxUl, figs. 8-10.
*Pleurobema cuneata RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Brux., V, 1820, p. 313.
TETRAGENE2.
Male and female shells alike, solid; beak sculpture consisting of
coarse, Subparallel ridges; beak cavities deep; marsupium filling all
four gills, smooth, pad-like.
Genus QUADRULA (Rafinesque, 1820) Agassiz.
(Type, Quadrula metanevra Rafinesque. )
Quadrula RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. Brux., 1820, p. 305.
Kotundaria AGassiz, Arch. fiir Naturg, 1852, p. 48.
Orthonymus AGassiz, Arch. fiir Naturg, 1852, p. 48.
Shell triangular, quadrate or rhomboid, solid, inflated, with rather
prominent beaks, which are generally sculptured with a few coarse,
irregular, subparallel ridges that are inflated where they cross the
posterior ridge; posterior ridge ordinarily well developed; base often
incurved in old specimens; disks sculptured or smooth; epidermis
usually dull colored, dark and rayless, or feebly rayed; hinge plate
'T change Lea’s name because Lamarck previously applied the name Unio varicosa
to what is, no doubt, Alasmidonta marginata. Mr. T. G. Lea, of Cincinnati, took
many specimens of this species, the shells of which he sent to Dr. Lea, and in several
of them he has written in pencil “(not charged” or ‘ovaries charged,” with the
date, but neither of them seems to have described the animal. I am somewhat ata
loss to know where to place this curious form. The young are much like those of
Quadrula solida, and do not show the swellings until the third or fourth year, and
occasionally the adult shell is nearly smooth,
7166 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
heavy, wide, flattened; pseudocardinals solid, direct, ragged; laterals
double in the left and single in the right alee, often with a small
secondary lateral below the large one in the right valve; cavity of the
beaks deep and compressed; dorsal scars under the hinge plate; male
and female shells alike.
Animal having the inner gills the lereer! generally se from the
abdominal sac the greater part or all of their length; marsupium
occupying all four of the gills throughout, the whole Seno ola and pad-
like.
Section CRENODONTA Schluter.1
(Type, Unio plicatus Say.)
Shell more or less alate; beaks prominent; the surface of the valves
usually sculptured with oblique folds; posterior slope generally having
smaller radial plications which curve upward behind; epidermis brown-
ish or blackish; anterior muscle scars large, distinct, very shallow,
the anterior edge smooth, the rest apparently filled with roughened
Shelly matter; posterior scars large, shallow, indistinct; escutcheon
large and dark.
Animal with the gills generally large, rounded below; inner the
larger, usually free nearly or quite the entire length of the abdominal
sac,” the two pairs united to the mantle nearly but not quite to the
posterior end, having a small portion free; marsupium occupying all
the four eens hea forming very heavy, thick a labial palpi usually
large.
(Group of Quadrula plicata.)
Shell rounded to subrhomboid; plications usually strong, oblique,
though in occasional specimens the surface may be perfectly plane or
slightly concentrically sculptured.
'Schliiter applied the name Crenodonta (Verz. meiner Conch., 1836, p. 33) to a group
of Unionidz, the first species of which was the Unio plicatus of Say, but he gave no
description of his group and did not designate a type. In 1853 Mérch (Yoldi cata-
logue, p. 45) used this name without a description or a type, and it has been applied
to the plicate Uniones by von Martens (Biologia Centrali-Americana, Mollusca,
1900, p. 479).
2Dr. Lea found in Quadrula multiplicata the inner gills generally nearly or entirely
free, but in certain specimens they were wholly united. My own experience in exam-
ining the animals of this species exactly coincides with his, thus showing that the
character of the union of the inner gills with the abdominal sac, or their separation
from it, is not a generic character, as Agassiz believed, nor is it even of specific value.
Although I have examined thousands of animals belonging to the Plicata group
of the genus Quadrula, taken at various seasons and throughout almost the entire
range of the assemblage and of nearly all the species, I have never seen a speci-
men with ova or embryos in the gills save one in the alcoholic collection of Dr. Lea
in the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia. Other students of the Union-
ide have found these species equally barren. It is probable that they breed only at
long intervals but in enormous numbers, a supposition strengthened by the fact that
Dr. Lea found about 6,000,000 young in the gills of a single Unio multiplicatus.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 167
tQUADRULA PLICATA Say.
* Unio plicata Say,' Nich. Encye., II, 1816, pl. 11, fig. 1.
*Unio (Theliderma) plicata SwAInson, Tr. on Mal., 1840, p. 271, fig. 54e.
*Mya plicata Eaton, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 219.
*Quadrula plicata BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, pl. xxv, fig. 1.
*Unio plicatus HitpreTH (?), Am. Jl. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 280.°—SHor?’ and
Eaton, Transylvania J]., 1831, p. 74.—*Conrap, New F. W. Shells, 1834,
p. 71.—* Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—*FERussAc, Guer. Mag., 1835,p. 27.—
*“HANLEY, Test. Moll, 1842, p. 175; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p.175, pl. xx, fig.
21.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 63.—* KusrEr, Conch.
Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 187, pl. xu, fig. 3.—* H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll.,
II, 1857, p. 498.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. 11, fig. 5.—* B. H.
Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 163.
*Margarita (Unio) plicatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 12; 1838, p. 14.
*Margaron (Unio) plicatus Lra, Syn., 1852, p. 20; 1870, p. 30.
*Plectomerus plicatus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 261.
*Unio peruviana LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 71.°—* DESHAYEs, An. sans
Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 533; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 667.
*Unio crassus BARNES, Am. Jl. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 118.
*Unio rariplicata DESHAYES, Enc. Méth., II, 1830, p. 578; *An.sans Vert., 2d ed.,
VI, 1835, p. 533; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 667.
*Unio giganteus LEA, Obs., II, 1838, p. 35.4
*Unio heros KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 136, pl. x1, figs. 1, 2.
+ UNIO PLICATA var. HIPPOPAEA Lea.
“Unio hippopeus LEA,’ Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 163; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.,
X, 1848, p. 67, pl. 1, fig. 1; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 41, pl. 1, fig. 1.—* H. and A.
ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.—* KustTER, Conch. Cab., 1861, p.
251, pl. LXXxIv, fig. 3.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. x1, fig. 40.—
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) hippopeus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 21; 1870, p. 31.
* Unio hippopwus Pa&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155.
Upper Mississippi drainage area south to the Tennessee and Arkansas
rivers; Red River of the North; Saskatchewan River; Lake Winni-
peg; western Michigan. The variety in eastern Michigan and Lake
Erie.
+QUADRULA PERPLICATA Conrad.
“Unio perplicatus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1841, p. 19; *Jl. Ac. N. Sei.
Phila, Ville 18425 ys Wiese 1850, 9p. 216) ple XXexavl. fig 2. He and “A
1Say says: ‘It was found by Mr. Lesueur in Lake Erie, and was communicated by
him under the above name.” As there is no evidence that Lesueur described the
species, and as Say was the one to first properly characterize it, I believe that he
must be credited with it.
Referred to figure 5, but this with a number of other figures in this paper were
left out by the editor.
> Lea, who examined Lamarck’s types and collection, states that this is the same as
Say’s plicata.
‘Dr. Lea does not describe this, but only states that it is in Dr. Mitchell’s collec-
tion. Probably it has never been described.
SApparently a stunted variety of Quadrula plicata. Dr. Lea’s specimens show a
great diversity of characters.
768 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Hoh, EE
Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 498.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864,
pl. 1x, fig. 35.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 163.
*Margaron (Unio) perplicatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 20; 1870, p. 29.
*Plectomerus perplicatus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 261.
t * Unio atrocostatus Lna, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1848, p. 70, pl. 11, fig. 5;' * Obs.,
IV, 1848, p. 44, pl. ny, fig. 5.—*H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857,
p. 497.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,
p. 145.
* Margaron (Unio) atrocostatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 20; 1870, p. 29.
t* Unio pearlensis CONRAD, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VII, 1855, p. 256.2—* REEVE, Conch.
Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. x1, fig. 42.
* Unio perlensis P#&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 163.
t* Unio brazosensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p.144;3 * Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1869, p. 309, pl. xLviu, fig. 122; * Obs., XII, 1869, p. 69, pl. xLv1mI,
fig. 122.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) brazosensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 31.
t* Unio lincecumit Lma, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 144; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1869, p. 312, pl. xurx, fig. 125; * Obs., XII, 1869, p. 72, pl. xu1x, fig.
125.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) lincecumii LEa, Syn., 1870, p. 31.
* Unio lincecurit P®TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 157.4
t* Unio pauciplicatus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 156; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 29, pl. rx, fig. 26; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 33, pl. rx, fig.
26.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
+QUADRULA PERPLICATA var. QUINTARDII Cragin.’
*Unio quintardit CRAGIN, Bull. Washb. Coilege, II, 1887, p.6.—* PILsBRY, Pr. Ac.
N. Sci. Phila., 1892, p. 131, pl. vu, figs. 1-3.—* B. H.Wrieut, Check List, 1888.
Alabama River drainage and streams flowing into the Gulf of Mexico
west to central Texas, north to southern Kansas.
tQUADRULA ELLIOTTII Lea.®
*Unio elliottit Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 262; *J1. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila.; IV, 1858, p. 54, pl. vu, fig. 37; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 54, pl. vu, fig.
1This seems to be merely a form of perplicata, with a rather rude growth and
roughened epidermis.
2A comparatively smooth form of perplicatus, according to the type.
3 Another smooth form of perplicatus.
4The above is a fair sampie of Peetel’s orthography throughout his work.
5A right valve of the type was kindly loaned to the writer by Mr. Quintard. It
is a rather light brown, glossy shell, and is sculptured with a series of j-shaped
markings on the disk. Otherwise it is generally like Q. perplicatus. I have seen
the @. wndulata and one or two other species of this group break from the ordinary
oblique bars into these peculiar markings, and I am quite sure that in this case the
same thing has happened to Q. perplicata.
6Dr. Lea first called this Unio atrocostatus, and then wrote in one of his duplicates
Unio elliottii. He says that it is very near to U. perplicatus Conrad, but that the
young of his species have a yellow stain on the posterior part of the nacre not found
on any other species. I have, however, found it on young atrocostatus in his collec-
tion. I am strongly inclined to believe that the elliottii is only a peculiar, vigorous
variety of perplicata, but do not feel quite certain of it, and so let it go as a species
with doubt,
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIA DES—SIMPSON. 7169
37.—* REEVE,Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. v, fig. 20.—* B. H. Wrigut, Check
List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) elliottit LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 29.
Southern Georgia to Texas.
+QUADRULA UNDULATA Barnes.
*Unio undulatus BARNES, Am. J1. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 120, pl. 11.—* HILDRETH, Am.
Jl. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 279.—* HantEy, Test. Moll., 1842, p.175; * Biv. Shells,
1843, p. 175, pl. xx, fig. 26.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.
65.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., III, 1845, p. 24, pl. v, figs. 1, la.—* H. and
A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* CHENU, Manual, 1859, II, p. 143,
fig. 704.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxv1, fig. 399. —* CaLk-
Ins, Pr. Ottawa Acad. Sci., 1874, p. 45.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
*Margarita (Unio) undulatus Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 12; 1838, p. 14.
*Margaron (Unio) undulatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 20; 1870, p. 29.
* Mya undulata EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 219.
*Unio undulata VALENCIENNES, Rec. Obs. Zool. Anat., II, 1833, p. 229, pl. trv,
figs. 3, 3a, 3b.—* DESHAYES, Tr. Elem. Conch., 1839, p. 19, pl. xxx, figs. 8, 9.
*Quadrula undulata BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. I, 1898, p. 82, pl. xxun, figs. 1, 2;
IU ike I
*Unio costatus Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—* Conrap, New F. W. Shells, 1834,
p. 68.—* FErussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27.—* CONRAD, Monog., II, 1836,
p. 17, pl. vu.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab., 1852, p. 54, pl. x1, fig. 4. —* REEVE,
Conch. icon., XVI, 1864, pl. 1v, fig. 16.
*Plectomerus costatus CONRAD, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 260.
*Unio plicatus KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1856, p. 137, pl. xu, fig. 3.—* CHENU,
Manual, 1859, II, p. 148, fig. 706.
*Unio atrocostatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxvut, fig. 404.
+ QUADRULA UNDULATA var. LATECOSTATA Lea.
*Unio latecostatus Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 163;! *Tr. Am. Phil.
Soc., X, 1848, p. 68, pl. 1, fig. 2; * Obs., IV, 1848, p. 42, pl. 1, fig. 2.—* Kusrmr,
Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 251, pl. Lxxxtv, fig. 4.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List,
1888.
*Margaron (Unio) laticostasus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 21.
*Margaron (Unio) laticostatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 31.
*Unio laticostatus H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.—* P =TEL,
Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 156.
fQUADRULA UNDULATA var. PILSBRYI Marsh.
*Unio pilsbryi MARSH, Nautilus, V, 1891, p. 1.2—* Pitssry, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
1892, p. 131, pl. vim, figs.'7, 8; *Nautilus, VII, 1893, pl. 1, figs. 7, 8.3
1 More compressed and having finer, more delicate plications than the type. I
have traced it northward into Kansas, where it gradually assumes the ordinary form
of undulata. Occasional specimens are found in the Northern States which agree
very well with the typical latecostata.
J feel quite sure that this is only a peculiar variety of wndulata.
SA peculiar shell belonging to Mr. J. H. Ferriss, of Joliet, Illinois, from Lake Win-
nipeg, has been examined by the writer. It has unusually strong growth lines and
is quite full in the ventral region, and has only the very faintest vestiges of plica-
tions below the lower part of the posterior ridge. J regard it as a smooth form of
Q. undulata, and if any considerable number of such specimens were found it might
be worthy of a varietal name.
Proce. N. M.:vol. xxii 49
770 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
Mississippi basin generally; St. Lawrence drainage; Red River of
the North; Lake Winnipeg; Alabama River system; SOMIUESy to west-
ern Texas, the varieties in fie southwestern area.
QUADRULA DIGITATA Morelet.
*Unio digitatus MORELET, Test. Noviss., Pt. 2, 1851, p. 24.—* B. H. WRIGHT, Check
List, 1888.—* FIscHER and Cross, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 563, pl. Lx,
fig. 1.
Rio Usumacinta, Guatemala.
+ QUADRULA TRIUMPHANS B. H. Wright.
*Unio triumphans B. H. Wriaut, Nautilus, XI, 1898, p. 101.
*Ouadrula triumphans Simpson, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., 1900, p. 83, ak Ill, fig 3.
Coosa River, St. Clair County, Alabama.
+ QUADRULA BOYKINIANA Lea.
* Unio boykinianus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 288; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.,
VIII, 1812, p. 208, pl. xu, fig. 22; * Obs., III, 1842, p. 46, pl. x1, fig, 22.— =
*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 498.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch.,
1858, pl. xxvul, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 181, pl. LVI,
ie, « SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. 1, fig. 1.—*B. H. WRIGHT,
Check List, 1888.--* P2&TEL, Conch! Sam., III, 1890, p. 146.
*Margaron (Unio) boykinianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 19; 1870, p. 28.
* Plectomerus boykinianus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 260.
* Unio baykinianus Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 145.
Chattahoochee River system; Claiborne, Alabama; Pine Barren
Creek, Escambia County, Florida.
+t QUADRULA HEROS Say.!
Unio heros Say, New Harm. Diss., II, No. 19, 1829, p. 291; *Am. Conch., VI,
1834, (part).—* ConrAaD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 69—*FERuSsAc, Guer.
Mag., 1835, p. 27.—* ConraD, Monog., XII, 1840, p. 107, pl. Lrxx.—* HANLEY,
Test. Moll., 1842, p. 175; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 175, pl. xx, fig. 28.—* B. H.
WricutT, Check List, 1888.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155.
* Unio heros var. multiplicatus PaTEL, Conch, Sam., III, 1890, p. 155.
* Unio undulatus Say, Am. Conch., I, 1831, pl. xvi (April).
t* Unio multiplicatus Lesa, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 70, pl. Iv, fig. 2 datter
part of the year); *Obs., I, 1834, p. 80, pl. Iv, fig. 2.—* PoTIEZ and Mr-
CHAUD, Gall. Moll., 1844, p. 155, pl. L1x, fig. 1.—* H. and A. ADAms, Gen.
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 498.—* CHENv, Il. Conch., 1858, pl. 1x, figs. 2, 2a, 2b;
*Manual, 1859, II, p. 143, fig. 703.—* CaLKINS, Pr. Ottawa Acad. Sci., 1874,
p. 43.—* B. H. Wrient, Check List, 1888.
1There has been some dispute as to what name should be applied to the above
species. In 1829 Say fully described in the New Harmony Disseminator a species
which he called Unio heros, but didnot figure it. Later in the American Conchology
he placed it in the synonymy of Unio undulatus Barnes, though the figure which he
gives as undulatus in that work and to which his description refers is plainly not
Barnes’s species, but the heros described in the Disseminator. In 1831 Dr. Lea
described Say’s species as Unio multiplicatus. Notwithstanding the fact that Say
placed his own species in the synonymy, it is perfectly distinct and was properly
characterized in his description, and his name will have to take the place of the bet-
ter Known one of Dr. Lea. ,
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. POT (a
t* Margarita (Unio) multiplicatus Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 12; 1838, p. 14.
*Margaron ( Unio) multiplicatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 20; 1870, p. 29.
t * Unio eightsii Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 306; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1860, p. 367, pl. LxIv, fig. 192; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 49, pl. Lx1v, fig. 192.—
*B. H. Wriauat, Check List, 1888.—* Fiscurer and Crosse, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7,
II, 1894, p. 504.
*Margaron (Unio) eightsit Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 29.
* Unio eighti PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 151.
*Unio atrocostatus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. 1v, fig. 18: (Changer in
Errata to Unio heros.)
Mississippi River system generally; Red River of the North; Tom-
bigbee River, Alabama; southwest to New Leon, Mexico.
+QUADRULA NICKLINIANA Lea.
*Unio nicklinianus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 28, pl. 1, fig. 1; *Obs., 1,1834,
p. 140, pl. 1, fig. 1.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.175; ~ Biv. Shells, 1843, p.
175, pl. xxi, fig. 52.—*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 61.—* H.
and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 498.—*SowrErBy, Conch. Icon.,
XVI, 1866, pl. 1m, fig. 276.—*B. H. Wrient, Check List, 1888.—* FiscHER
and Cross¥, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 565.
* Margarita (Unio) nicklinianus Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 12; 1838, p. 14.
* Margaron (Unio) nicklinianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 19; 1870, p. 28.
* Plectomerus nicklinianus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 261.
* Unio nicklianus KusTER, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 218, pl. LX XIII, fig. 3.—* PaTEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 161.
Mexico; Guatemala.
+QUADRULA STOLLI von Martens.
t Unio stolli VON MARTENS, Biol. Centrali-Amer., Mollusea, 1900, p. 492, pl. xx1x,
fig. 2.
Rio de las Salinas, Guatemala; Moctezuma River Central America?!
+QUADRULA NEISLERII Lea.
*Unio neislertti Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 165; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
TV, 1859, p. 212, pl. xxvi, fig. 93; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 30, pl. xxv1, fig. 93.—
*B. H. WriauT, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) neisleriti LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 29.
Flint River and Macon, Georgia.
'Very close to Quadrula nickliniana Lea, According to von Martens in the above
citation the Unio nickliana of Kuster (Conch. Cab. Unio, new ed., p. 218, pl. Lx x1,
fig. 3) is not the nicklinianus of Lea, but a new species which he calls Unio stolli. I
can not agree with him, as it seems to me that Kuster’s figure represents Lea’s
species very well. The figure and description of U. stolli given by von Martens rep-
resent a more elongated and more plicate shell than the typical nicklinianus of Lea,
but Iam doubtful whether it is distinct. Lea’s shells of both forms are mostly from
the Moctezuma River, which is in Central America according to Lea, but the only
river of that name I can find is in New Leon, Mexico. Part of von Martens’ work
describing the Unionidz of Central America has been received as the Synopsis is
going through the press, and for the most part too late to avail myself of the large
amount of valuable information it contains.
CUD PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XX.
(Group of Quadrula trapezoides.)
Shell rhomboid, inflated, with a high posterior ridge; beak sculpture
coarse, irregular corrugations swollen to nodules on the posterior ridge;
surface sculptured on posterior half with oblique ridges, which are
sometimes corrugated, and with strong corrugations on post slope beak
cavities only moderately deep; nacre purple.
Animal with the gills slightly rounded below, inner the larger
throughout, free from the abdominal sac; palpi enormous, long;
branchial opening very large, finely papillose; anal opening with fine
papille or crenulations.
+ QUADRULA TRAPEZOIDES Lea.!
* Unio crassidens var. a, LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 71.2
*Plectomerus crassidens var. a, CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 261.
*Unio trapezoides Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 69, pl. 1m, fig. 1; * Obs., I,
1834, p. 79, pl. 111, fig. 1.—* Conrap, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 72 —* FER-
ussaAc, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27.—* Haney, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 176; * Biv.
Shells, 1843, p. 176, pl. xxu1, fig. 29.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom.,
1815, p. 64.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.—* CHENU,
Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. x, figs. 2, 2a, 2b; Manual, 1859, II, p. 142, fig. 699.—
* KusTER, Conch. Cab., 1862, p. 274, pl. xcu, fig. 2.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon.,
XVI, 1864, pl. v, fig. 17.—*B. H. Wrigut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL
Conch. Sam., IIi, 1890, p. 169.
* Margarita (Unio) trapezoides LEA, Syn., 1836; p. 12; 1838, p. 14.
* Margaron (Unio) trapezoides LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 21; 1870, p. 31.
Unio interruptus Say, Transylvania Journal, IV, 1831, p. 525; *Am. Conch., IV,
1832, pl. xxxiu, VI, 1834.—* FeRussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28.—* DESHAYES,
An. sans. Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 556; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 675.—* TROSCHEL,
Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 234.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III,
1845, p. 45, pl. xvii, figs. 1-3.
*“Unio dombeyana VALENCIENNES, Rec. Obs. Zool., II, 1833, p. 227, pl. L111, figs.
iL, tka, It,
Streams flowing into the Gulf of Mexico, from the Alabama River
west to eastern Texas; northward in the Mississippi system to north-
west Tennessee.
1In 1820 Rafinesque applied the name interrupta to some, to me, unknown Unio, in
Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. Brux., but as he placed his species in the subgenus Plagiola of |
the genus Obliquaria and not in Unio at all, it does not have priority in the latter
genus. In 1831 (December, according to Dr. Lea) Say described in the Transyl-
vania Journal the species which Dr. Lea called Unio trapezoides as Unio interruptus.
In the latter part of the same year (I am unable to ascertain the exact date) Dr. Lea
published his name in the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. As
I have found it impossible to determine which name was actually published first I
have used the better known—that of Dr. Lea.
2This is Unio trapezoides Lea according to Lea, who examined the Lamarckian
types. See Synopsis, 4th ed., p. 37, footnote.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 183
Section QUADRULA (Rafinesque, 1820) Agassiz.
(Type, Unio cylindricus Say.)
Shell rhomboid; surface pustulous, with a high, rounded, or sharp
posterior ridge; epidermis generally smooth and bright.
(Group of Quadrula metanevra.)
Shell quadrate or rhomboid, with a wide, rounded posterior ridge,
above which, on the posterior slope is a decided radial furrow; whole
surface except the anterior end generally pustulous, the sculpture of
the posterior slope being often wrinkled; umbonal region high; epi-
dermis shining, usually painted with a beautiful pattern of triangular
spots, and sometimes chevron-shaped lines; hinge strong, the secondary
lateral in right valve rather feeble, but there is often a faint third lat-
eral above; cavity of the beaks deep and compressed.
Animal with the marsupium filling all four leaves of the branchie, the
ova giving it a purplish tint; inner gills free from the abdominal sac for
the greater part of their length; mantle bordered with black; branchial
opening opposite the lobe of the shell, extending well on to its base; anal
opening without papille.
tQUADRULA CYLINDRICA Say.
*Unio cylindricus Say, Nich. Encyc., II, 1816, pl. 1v, fig. 3.—* H1LpretTH, Am. Jl.
Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 283, figs. 13, 13b.—* SHorr and Eaton, Transylvania Jl.,
1831, p. 76.—* Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—* Conrapb, New F. W. Shells, 1834,
p. 68.—* Ferussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27.—*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842,
p. 182; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 182, pl. xx, fig. 31—*CaTLow and REEVE,
Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248.—
*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496.—* Kustmr, Conch. Cab.
Unio, 1861, p. 194, pl. Lx, figs. 1, 2.—*SowerErBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867,
pl. Lx, fig. 300.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* PareL, Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 150.—* Cau. Tr. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, VII, 1895, p. 15, pl. x1.
* Margarita (Unio) cylindricus Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 17; 1838, p. 16.
* Margaron (Unio) cylindricus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 23; 1870, p. 35.
* Orthonymus cylindricus AGassiz, Arch. fiir. Naturg., I, 1852, p. 48.
* Mya cylindrica EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 219.
* Unio (Theliderma) cylindrica SwAINsON, Treat. on Mal., 1840, p. 271, fig. 54e.
* Unio (Hurynia) solenoides var. cylindrica RAFINESQUE, Aun. Gen. Sci. Phys. Brux.,
V, 1820, p. 298.
* Unio naviformis LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 75.—* DESHAYES, Encye.
Méth., II, 1830, p.580.—* VALENCIENNES, Rec. Obs. Zool., II, 1833, p. 233, pl.
Liu, fig. 4.—* DesHayYEs, An.sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 5387; 3d ed., II,
1839, p. 669.—*ANTON, Verz. der. Conch., 1839, p. 14.—* REEVE, Conch. Syst.,
1841, p. 118, pl. LXxxIx, fig. 7.!
* Unio rugosus CHENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 188, fig. 668.
Entire Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems; west to
Nebraska (Aughey, doubtful); south to Arkansas and Indian Territory.
Mr. B. H. Wright, Nautilus, XII, 1898, p, 6, has made a var. strigillatus of a com-
pressed, very rough form of cylindrica. ‘There seems to me to be an absolute grada-
tion from cylindrical, nearly smooth specimens to this form.
ee PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
+QUADRULA METANEVRA Rafinesque.
* Obliquaria (Quadrula) metanevra RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Brux., V, 1820, p.
305, pl. LXxXxI, figs. 15, 16.'—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III, 1845, p. 18,
pl. u, figs. 15, 16.
“Unio (Theliderma) metanevra SWAINSON, Treat. on Mal., 1840, p. 268, figs. 50, 546.
*Unio metanever SHORT and Eaton, Transylvania J1., 1831, p. 76.—* CoNnRaD,
New F.W. Shells, 1834, p. 70.—* HAaNLeEy, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 179; * Biv.
Shells, 1843, p. 179, pl. xx1, fig. 31.—*Conrap, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI,
1853, p. 252.—*REEvE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. VII, fig. 25.—* PATEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 159.
* Margarita (Unio) metanever LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 15; 1838, p. 15.
*Unio metanevrus Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—* FERuSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p.
27.—* ConraD, Monog., I, 1835, p. 10, pl. v, fig. 2.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen.
Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.—* CALKINS, Pr. Ottawa Ac. N. Sci., 1874, p. 43.—
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—CaLL, Tr. Acad. N. Sci. St. Louis, VII,
1895, p. 28, pl. x.
* Margaron (Unio) metanevrus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 33.
*Unio metaniver CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 61.
*Unio metaneurus KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 50, pl. x, fig. 4.—* PaTut,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 159.
*? Unio nodosus BARNES, Am. Jl. Sci. VI, 1823, p. 124, pl. v1, figs. 7, 7a, 7b.2—* HIL-
DRETH, Am. Jl. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 281.—*CHENU, Manual, 1859, II, p. 138,
fig. 663.
* Mya nodosa EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 216.
tQUADRULA METANEVRA var. WARDII Lea.
*Unio wardit LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p, 392; *Jl. Ac. N. Sei. Phila.,
V, 1862, p. 187, pl. xxrv, fig. 257; *Obs., IX, 1863, p. 9, pl. xxiv, fig. 257.—
*SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxxul, fig. 434.—* B. H. WRIGHT,
‘Check List, 1888.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 172.
*Margaron (Unio) wardit Lra, Syn., 1870, p. 33.
Mississippi drainage area except its southern portion, extending to
the Tennessee and Arkansas rivers.
tQUADRULA TUBEROSA Lea.
* Unio tuberosus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 286; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soe., VIII,
1842, p. 210, pl. xIv, fig. 25; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 48, pl. x1v, fig. 25.—* ConrapD,
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.—* H. and A. ApAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll.,
II, 1857, p. 497.—* CHENU, Il]. Conch., 1858, pl. xxvii, figs. 7, 7a, 7b.—* B. H. ©
Wriacut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 170.
*Margaron Unio tuberosus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 33.
Cumberland and Tennessee river systems.
1By common consent this species—which is a most striking one—has been allowed
to stand to the credit of Ratinesque. The outlines of the figures bear some resem-
blance to the species.
2Tt is hard to tell from these figures just what Barnes had before him when he
described this species. They are as much like metanevra as anything.
No. 1205. : SYNOPSIS OF THE NAITADES—SIMPSON,. CS
tQUADRULA SPARSA Lea.
*Unio sparsus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IT, 1841, p. 82;' *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII,
1842,.p. 242, pl. xxv, fig. 58; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 80, pl. xxv, fig. 58.—* Con-
RAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257.—* H. and A. ApAms, Gen. Ree.
Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xxvi, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.—
* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl.1v, fig. 14.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List,
1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 168.
* Margaron (Unio) sparsus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 33.
Holston and Clinch rivers, Tennessee.
tQUADRULA INTERMEDIA Conrad.
* Unio intermedius CONRAD, Monog., VII, 1836, p. 63, pl. xxxv, fig. 2; *Pr. Ac.
N. Sci. Phil., VI, 1853, p. 250.—* Haney, Biv. Shells, 1856, p. 381, Dl xox,
fig. 28.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.—* KustEr,
Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 213, pl. Lxx, fig. 6.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI,
1864, pl. x11, fig. 48.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 155.
* Margaron ( Unio) intermedius LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 33.
* Unio kleinianus KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 191, pl. Lx, fig. 4.
Tennessee River system.
tQUADRULA STAPES Lea.
* Unio stapes LEA, Tr..Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 17, pl. vu, fig. 8.—* Obs., I.
1834, p. 87, pl. vil, fig. 8.—* ConraD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 71.—* FER-
USSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28.—* CONRAD, Monog., VII, 1836, p. 62, pl. xx xv,
fig. 1.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 179; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 179, pl.
XXU, fig. 38.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64.—* Conran,
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.—* H. and A. ADAms, Gen. Rec. Moll.,
II, 1857, p. 497.—CHENU, Il]. Conch., 1858, pl. xv., figs. 5, 5a, 5b; * Manual,
1859, II, p. 142, fig. 997.—* REEve, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. x11, fig. 52.—
*B. H. Weieut, Check List, 1888.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 168.
* Margarita (Unio) stapes Lma, Syn., 1836, p. 15; 1838, p. 13.
* Margaron (Unio) stapes La, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 33,
* Unio retusus SaY, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.
* Unio stegarius KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 211, pl. LXx, fig. 3.
Alabama and Tombigbee rivers.
Section THELIDERMA (Swainson, 1840) Simpson.?
(Type, Unio lachrymosus Lea.)
Shell rounded, quadrate to rhomboid, solid, pustulous; beaks rather
prominent; beak sculpture consisting of a few rather coarse, subparallel
ridges; anterior end rounded or slightly subtruncate above; base often
arcuate; posterior end truncate, high and angled behind the ligament;
epidermis scarcely rayed, never pointed; beak cavities rather deep.
1It is likely that this is only a small, rather smooth variety of tuberosus.
2Swainson’s first species of this group in the text of the Treatise is Unio irroratus,
and after this metanevrus and cylindricus. In the final classification in the same work
he includes in the group lachrymosus and pustulosus, and by the process of elimina-
tion I use the name in order to save coining a new one.
776 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
(Group of Quadrula lachrymosa.)
Sheil quadrate or rhomboid, generally with a sharp, well-developed
posterior ridge, in front of which is a wide, shallow, radial excavation ;
base incurved, posterior end sharply truncate, generally slightly bian-
cular below, high and distinctly angled behind the ligament; posterior
tubercles often in somewhat radiating rows; earlier beak sculpture
consisting of ridges nearly parallel with the growth lines, but later on
becoming doubly looped and blending into the general sculpture of the
shell; epidermis smooth; pseudocardinals strong; laterals straight;
nacre white.
Animal with all four gills used as a marsupium throughout, inner
much the larger, free from the abdominal sac nearly or quite their whole
length; palpi very large; branchial opening generally having clustered,
often branching papillae; anal opening smooth; superanal opening
closed below.
+QUADRULA ASPER Lea.
* Unio asper Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 85, pl. 1x, fig. 15; *Obs., I, 1834,
p. 95, pl. 1x, fig. 15.—*Conrapb, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 67.—* HANLEY,
Test. Moll., 1842, p.179; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 179, pl. xx11, fig. 37.—* CaTLoOw
and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 56.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI,
1853, p. 245.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., Il, 1857, p.497.—* CHENU,
Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xv, figs. 4, 4a, 4b; *Manual, 1859, II, p. 142, fig. 695.—
* REEVE, Conch, Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. v, fig. 18.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List,
1888.
* Margarita (Unio) asper LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 15; 1838, p. 15.
* Margaron (Unio) asper Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 33.
* Unio nobilis CONRAD, Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1854, p. 297, pl. xxvul, figs. 2, 3.
* Unio turgidus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. 111, fig. 10.
* Unio apiculatus var. asper PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 144.
Streams flowing into the Gulf of Mexico from Alabama west to cen-
tral Texas, and northward to the Verdigris River, Kansas.
tQUADRULA LACHRYMOSA Lea.
Unio lachrymosus Les, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., III, 1828, p. 272, pl. vi, fig. 8;! Obs., I,
1834, p. 14, pl. v1, fig. 8.—* SHorr and HaTON, Transylvania J1., 1831, p. 76.—
*Frrussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27.—* HANEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 177;
“Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 177, pl. xx, fig.388.—* CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom.,
1845, p. 60.—*H. and A. ADAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.—* CHENU,
Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xv, figs. 6, 6a, 6b; Manual, 1849, II, p. 142, fig. 6:18.—
* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. 1x, fig. 33.—* B. H. Wrigut, Check
List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III,.1890, p. 156.
* Margarita (Unio) lachrymosus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 14; 1838, p. 15.
* Margaron (Unio) lachrymosus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 21; 1870, p. 32.
* Unio lachrymosus KusTER, Conch. Cab., 1854, p. 70, pl. xvi, fig. 3.
1Published as a separate in 1827. I have not seen this. Title from Sabin’s Biblio-
theca America,
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAILADES—SIMPSON. T7T7
* Quadrula lachrymosa BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. I, 1898, p. 83, pl. xxv, fig. 1; x11,
fig. 2.
t*Unio asperrimus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 71, pl. v, fig.3;! * Obs., I,
1834, p. 81, pl. Vv, fig. 3.—* HANnLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 178; * Biv. Shells, 1843,
p. 178, pl. x x1, fig. 12.—* Potrez and MicHaupD, Gall. Moll., 1844, p. 156, pl. tx,
figs. 2, 3.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.56.—* H. and A. Apams,
Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.—* Cuenu, Il. Conch., 1858, pl. 1x, figs. 1,
la, 1b.—* B. H. Wrienut, Check List, 1888.
* Margarita (Unio) asperrimus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 14; 1838, p. 15.
* Margaron ( Unio) asperrimus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 21; 1870, p. 33.
*Unio qudrulus Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—* Conrap, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p.
71.—* FERusSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N.’'Sci. Phila.,
VI, 1853, p. 256.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 184, pl. Lv1ul, fig. 1.
*Unio quadratus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. v1, fig. 24.
+ QUADRULA LACHRYMOSA var. LUNULATA Pratt.
*Unio lunulatus PRATT, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci., I, 1876, p. 167, pl. xxx1, fig. 1.2
Entire Mississippi River drainage; various localities in the St. Law-
rence basin; Red River of the North; southwest into eastern Texas.
tQUADRULA COUCHIANA Lea.
*Unio couchianus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 305; Jl. Ac. N.Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1860, p. 371, pl. Lxv1, fig. 196; * Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 53, pl. Lxv1, fig. 196.—
*SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxx1, fig. 429.—* B. H. Wricut,
Check List, 1888.—* PaTxEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 149.—* Fiscnsr and
Crossk, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 566.—* Simpson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.,
XIX, 1896, p. 370.
* Margaron (Unio) couchianus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 54.
Rio Salado, Mexico; southwestern Texas.
tQUADRULA FRAGOSA Conrad.
* Unio fragosus CONRAD, Monog., II, 1836, p. 12, pl. v1, fig. 2; * Pr. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 249.—* H. and A. ApDaAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.
497.—* KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio., 1861, p. 173, pl. Lv, fig. 1.—* REEVE,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. 1, fig. 2; vii, fig. 27.—*B. H. Wriegut, Check
List, 1888.—* P& TEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 153.
* Margarita (Unio) fragosus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 14; 1838, p. 15.
* Margaron ( Unio) fragosus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 33.
* Unio fragosa CaATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 59.
1Dr. Lea separated this from his lachrymosus because the latter had tearlike
nodules, while those of asperrimus were simply elevated. The two forms absolutely
run together, and specimens may be found in which both varieties of nodules occur.
There are forms which are almost smooth, and there is great diversity in the matter
of inflation. Dr. Lea finally came to doubt whether the asperrimus was valid.
2] think that this is a solid, inflated variety of lachrymosus. From the figure, Pratt’s
Specimens seem to have few tubercles; but I have seen quite a number of shells from
the Ohio River north to Minnesota which resemble it in shape, but are strongly
pustulous throughout. I was at first inclined to believe these were varieties of
asper, but I now regard them as a form of lachrymosus, and they may perhaps be
referred to Pratt’s variety. He describes his species as having a large lunule, but
individuals vary greatly in this character.
1718 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. -
* Unio tragosus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 178; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 178, pl. xx,
fig. 40.:—* CatLow and RrEve, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64.
Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems; westward probably
to Minnesota, Nebraska, and Kansas.
t QUADRULA FORSHEYI Lea.
* Unio forsheyt Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 155; *J1. Ac. N. Sei. Phila.,
IV, 1860, p. 357, pl. Lx, fig. 182; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 39, pl. Ux, fig. 182.—
* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. v1, fig. 21.—* B. H.Wriaeut, Check List,
1888.—* Pa&TEeL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 153.
* Margaron (Unio) forsheyi LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 32.
Alabama to Texas, in streams flowing into the Gulf of Mexico.
+t QUADRULA SPECIOSA Lea.
* Unio speciosus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1862, p. 168; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
V, 1862, p. 207, pl. xxx1, fig. 276;, *Obs., IX, 1863, p. 29, pl. xxx1, fig. 276.—
* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxx1v, fig. 447.—* B. H. Wriaut,
Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 168.
* Margaron ( Unio) speciosus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 33.
Kansas, south to Texas.
tQUADRULA APICULATA Say.
* Unio apiculatus Say, New Harm. Diss., II, No.2, 1829, p.309; * Am. Conch., VI,
1834, pl. L11.2—* ConraD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 67.—* FERussac, Guer.
Mag., 1835, p. 27.—* ConRaD, Monog., IX, 1837, p. 78, pl. xLIv, fig. 1.—* Han-
LEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 178; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 178, pl. xx1u1, fig. 51.—
*@aTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 55.—* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll., IT, 1857, p. 497.—
* CHENU, Manual, 1859, II, p. 142, fig. 696.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864,
pl. u1, fig. 11.—* B. H. Wrient, Check List, 1888.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 144.
* Margarita (Unio) apiculatus Lea, Syn., 1836, p.15; 1838, p. 15.
* Margaron (Unio) apiculatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 33.
* Unio nobilis CONRAD (part), Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1854, p. 297, pl. xx vit, figs. 2, 3.3
Louisiana to Texas.
tQUADRULA RUMPHIANA Lea.
* Unio rumphianus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 276, pl. x x11, fig. 34; Obs.,
V, 1852, p. 32, pl. xx, fig. 34.—*Conrapb, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p.
257.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.—B. H. Wrieut,
Check List, 1888.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 166.
* Margaron ( Unio) rumphianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 21 ; 1870, p. 33.
t*Unio blandianus Lra,* Pr. Ac. N.Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 263; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
1 Written tragosus in text, no doubt a typographical error, as it is written cor-
rectly in the explanation of the plate.
2 Say says that U. asper Lea is the same as his apiculatus. I think he is wrong.
8 One specimen figured (fig. 2) is @. apiculata. The other (fig. 3) is a nondescript,
possibly Q. asper, or it may be the form of Q. lachrymosus which I have placed under
var. lunulatus Pratt.
4Certain forms of rumphianus are very different from blandianus, being more
inflated, and showing a high, biangulate posterior ridge and a deep radial sinus in
front of it, while specimens of the latter are much less inflated and have a low, some-
what rounded, posterior ridge. But the difference between the two seems to be
absolutely briged by intermediate specimens.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. T79
Phila., IV, 1858, p. 65, pl. x1, fig. 47; * Obs., VI, 1858, p. 65, pl. x1, fig. 47.—
* SOWwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxviltt, fig. 405.—* B. H. Wricut,
Check List, 1888.—* PaxTEL, Conch. Sam., ITT, 1890, p. 46.
* Margaron (Unio) blandianus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 33.
Western Georgia; Alabama in the Gulf drainage.
(Group of Quadrula pustulosa.)
Shell round quadrate, truncated behind, full and angled back of the
ligament; beaks high; beak sculpture a few coarse ridges which are
swollen at the somewhat rounded posterior ridge; surface generally
more or less pustulous but sometimes entirely smooth and in some
cases slightly corrugated; epidermis often having a broad, faint, green
ray; hinge strong; nacre white or purple.
Animal with the marsupium occupying all four gills throughout;
inner gills the larger, free the whole or the greater part of their length
from the abdominal sac; branchial opening having clustered, often
branching, papille.
tQUADRULA PUSTULOSA Lea.
*Unio pustulosus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 76, pl. vu, fig.7; * Obs., I,
1834, p. 86, pl. vil, fig. 7.—* FerRussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28.—* HANLEY,
Test. Moll., 1842, p. 180; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 180, pl. x x1, fig. 34.—* CaTLow
and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 63.—* H. and A. ApAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., IT,
1857, p.496.—* CHENU, Il. Conch., 1858, pl. x x10, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.—* CALKINS,
Pr. Ottawa Acad. N. Sci., 1874, p. 44.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
*Margarita (Unio) pustulosus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 15; 1838, p. 15.
*Margaron (Unio) pustulosus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 33.
*Quadrula pustulosa BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 86, pl. xxv, fig. 2;
XXVIII, fig. 13. :
* Unio verrucosa VALENCIENNES, Rec. Obs. Zool. Anat., II, 1835, p. 231, pl. LI,
fig. 2.
* Unio nodulosus Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.
*Unio prasinus CONRAD,' New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 44, pl. 1m, fig. 1, p. 71.—
* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* MOLLER, Syn. Noy. Gen., 1836, p.
208.—* CONRAD, Monog., IX, 1837, p. 79, pl. xuIv, fig. 2.—* CHENU, Bib.
Conch., 1st ser., III, 1845, p. 22, pl. m1, fig. 1.—* Conran, Pr. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 255.—* REEVE, Conch..Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. vu, figs. 26,
26a, 26b.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
*Unio bullatus var. prasinus PaTeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 146.
* Unio bullatus CONRAD, Néw F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 68; Monog., X, 1838, p. 82,
pl. xiv, fig. 2.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 47, pl. 1x, fig. 3.—
* CoNRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon.,
XVI, 1864, pl. xu, fig. 43.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 146.
*Unio dorfeuillianus La, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 73, pl. xvu, fig. 54;
* Obs., II, 1838, p. 73, pl. xvut, fig. 54.—* TRoscHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V,
1839, II, p. 237.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 179; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p.
179, pl. xxi, fig. 10.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58.—
*ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248.—* H. and A. ADAMs, Gen.
Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.— *CuHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, pl. xxv, figs. 5, 5a, 5b.—
* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. x, fig. 38.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List,
1A smooth form of pustulosus, according to the type in Philadelphia Academy.
780 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL XXII.
1888.—* Catt (part), Tr. Ac. N. Sci. St. Louis, VII, 1895, p. 40, pls. x11, xm,
XIV, XV, figs. 1, 2.
* Margarita (Unio) dorfeuillianus LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 15.
*Margaron (Unio) dorfeuillianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 33.
*? Unio uber ConRAD, Am. J]. Conch., II, 1866, p. 279, pl. xv, fig. 16.!
t* Unio schoolcraftensis Lma, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 37, pl. 10, fig. 9;2 *Obs.,
I, 1834, p. 149, pl. 1, fig. 9—*FERussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—*HANLEY,
Test. Moll., 1842, p. 178; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 178.—*CatTLow and REEvr,
Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 63.—*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll., IT, 1857, p. 497. —
*SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. 1, fig. 8; x11, fig. 47.
* Marjarita (Unio) schoolcraftensis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 15; 1833, p. 15.
* Margaron (Unio) schoolcraftensis Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 22.
* Unio bullatus var. schoolcraftensis PaaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 146.
* Margaron ( Unio) schoolcrajtii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 33.
* Unio schoolcraftii, B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.
tQUADRULA PUSTULOSA var. PERNODOSA Lea.
*Unio pernodosus Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 163; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.,
X, 1848, p. 71, pl. 11, fig. 8; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 45, pl. 11, fig. 8.—* CONRAD,
Pr. Ac.N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 254.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl.
xu, fig. 46.—* B. H. Wricur, Check List, 1888.—* P.zrEL, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 163.
*Margaron (Unio) pernodosus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 34.
t* Unio asperatus Lea,® Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p.41; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
V, 1862, p. 68, pl. vi, fig. 218; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 72, pl. vi, fig. 218.—
*SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxxy, fig. 450.—* B. H. WRiGut,
Check List, 1888.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 145.
*Margaron (Unio) asperatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 33.
+QUADRULA PUSTULOSA var. KEINERIANA Lea.
*Unio keinerianus Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1852, p. 251; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.,
X, 1852, p. 281, pl. xx, fig. 40; *Obs., V, 1852, p. 37, pl. xxl, fig. 40.—
*CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251.—* H. and A. ApAms, Gen.
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496.—*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTsEt,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 156.
*Margaron (Unio (keinerianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 34.
Entire Mississippi drainage; Michigan; Lake Erie;? Alabama River
system; westward to central Texas; the varieties in streams draining
into the Gulf of Mexico.
1 Probably a smooth form of pustulosus.
2The type is a nearly smooth, compressed form of pustulosus, I am sure. Lea
includes with it in his collection a number of strongly pustulous, compressed shells.
Quadrula pustulosa is a very widespread, abundant, and variable species. A large,
solid, inflated, and somewhat quadrate form has been called Unio dorfeuillianus by
Dr. Lea, and various smooth races have received names, but they so completely
blend into the typical form that it does not seem to me they are worthy of varietal
names. A somewhat triangular variety, often having a broad, faint ray, is found in
the Ohio River and southward which probably equals the variety pernodosa.
3Seems to be about the same as U. pernodosus, only a little smoother. These two
are more rounded posteriorly, and are doubtfully worthy of a varietal name.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 781
+ QUADRULA COOPERIANA Lea.
tUnio cooperianus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 61, pl. vit, fig. 21; *Obs.,
I, 1834, p. 173, pl. vu, fig. 21.—* Haney, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 180; *Biv.
Shells, 1843, p. 180, pl. xx1, fig. 1.—*CaTLow and REEV«#, Conch Nom., 1845,
p.57.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 247.—* H. and A. ADAMs,
Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 183,
pl. Lvu, fig. 5.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTeL, Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 149.
* Margarita (Unio) cooperianus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 16; 1838, p. ae
*Margaron ( Unio) cooperianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p.
* Unio striatus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. viul, fig. ea
Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems. Reported by Keyes
at Muscatine, Iowa, but this is probably an error.
+QUADRULA MORTONI Conrad.
* Unio mortoni CONRAD, Monog. II, 1836, p. 11, pl. v1, fig. 1.—* KusTER, Conch.
Cab. Unio, 1852, p.51, pl. x1, fig. 1.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853,
p. 252.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,
p. 160.
t * Unio turgidus Lea, Tr. Ieee, Phil Soce Wass. pe ll plonvs, loll Ob saaslle
1838, p. 11, pl.v, fig. 11.—* TRoscHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 234.—
* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 180; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 180, pl. x x1, fig. 51.—
*CaTLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 65.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen.
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496.—* CHENU, IIL. Conch., 1858, pl. xxv, figs. 1, la, 1b.—
1B}, 18 [5 ee Check List, 1888.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 170.
* Margarita (Unio) turgidus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 16; 1838, p. 15.
* Margaron (Unio) turgidus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 34.
Lower Mississippi River drainage as far north as western Tennessee
and Indian Territory; west into eastern Texas.
tQUADRULA SPHERICA Lea.
*Unio sphaericus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 145; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
1869 pilose platy To 132 Obs. Xl Ik pas, plo wuiy ho Sie —— BE.
WriGut, Check List, 1888.—* P&#reL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 168.
* Margaron (Unio) sphericus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 33.
Streams of Alabama and Mississippi flowing into the Gulf of Mexico.
tQUADRULA PUSTULATA Lea.
*Unio pustulatus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 1834, p. 79, pl. vu, fig. 9; * Obs., I,
1834, p. 89, pl. vu, fig. 9.—* HANLEY, Test Moll., 1842, p. 178; * Biv. Shells,
1843, p. 178, pl. xxu1, fig. 36.—* CaTLow and ReEve, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.
63.—* ConRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 253.—* H. and A. ADAMS,
Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xv, figs. 8,
8a, 8b.—* CaLKins, Pr. Ottawa Ac. N. Sci., 1874, p. 44.—* B. H. WRIGHT,
Check List, 1888.
* Margarita (Unio) pustulatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 15; 1838, p. 15.
* Margaron (Unio) pustulatus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 33.
‘Changed in errata to cooperianus.
782 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
*Unio (Theliderma) pustulata SWAINSON, Treat. on Mal., 1840, p. 271, fig. 54d.
*Unio nodulatus Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1854.—* ConraD, New F. W. Shells, 1834,
p. 70.—* Frrussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28.—* ConraD, Monog., 1837, p. 80,
pl. xiv, fig. 1.—* Kusrmr, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 254, pl. Lxxxv1, [, fig. 1.—
* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xm, fig. 51.
* Unio nodulatus RAFINESQUE var. pustulatus PasTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 161.
Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems; Mississippi River
and tributaries from eastern Iowa south to Louisiana; southern
Michigan.
+QUADRULA NODIFERA Conrad.!
* Unio nodiferus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., I, 1841, p.19; *J1. Ac. N. Sei. Phila.,
VIII, 1842, p. 179; I, 1850, p. 277, pl. xxxvutl, figs. 4, 8; *Pr. Ac. N. Sei.
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 253.
Louisiana and eastern Texas.
t QUADRULA CAHABENSIS Lea.
*Unio cahabensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N.Sci. Phila., XXIII, 1871, p. 190; * Jl. Ac. N. Sei.
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 17, pl. v, fig.14; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 21, pl. v, fig. 14.—
*B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.
Cahawba River, Alabama.
+ QUADRULA VALLATA Lea.
*Unio vallatus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 145; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
1869, p. 315, pl. 1, fig. 128; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 75, pl. L, fig. 128.—*B. H.
WriGHt, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) vallatus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 34.
Alabama and Black Warrior rivers, Alabama.
+t QUADRULA REFULGENS Lea.
*Unio refulgens Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 145; * Jl. Ac.N. Sci. Phila.,
VI, 1869, p. 317, pl. 11, fig. 180; * Obs., XII, 1869, p.77, pl. 11, fig. 130.—* B. H.
WriGut, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) refulgens LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 34.
*Unio pustulosus CALL (part), Tr. Ac. Sci. St. Louis, VII, 1898, p. 42, pl. xv, figs. 3, 4.
Mississippi and probably Alabama.
t{QUADRULA HOUSTONENSIS Lea.
*Unio houstonensis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p.155; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., LV, 1860, p. 358, pl. Lx, fig. 183; *Obs., VIII, p. 40, pl. LX, fig. 183.—
* SowERByY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXXXI, Dae 425.—* B. H. WRIGHT,
Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) houstonensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 55.
Texas, Louisiana, and southern Arkansas. Verdigris River, Kansas?
1 There are six shells bearing the name Unio nodiferus Conrad in the Philadelphia
Academy of Natural Sciences. Part of them are the same as figured in the Journal,
and the rest are probably mortoni.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 783
tQUADRULA PETRINA Gould.
- *Unio petrinus GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. Hist., V, 1855, p. 228; * Otia Conch., 1862,
p. 218.—* B. H. Wricur, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron ( Unio) petrinus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 55.
Texas. Cragin’s localities, Verdigris and Neosho rivers, Kansas, are
probably erroneous.
+QUADRULA AUREA Lea.
*Unio aureus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 112; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., |
V, 1862, p. 195, pl. xxvi, fig. 264; *Obs., IX, 1863, p. 17, pl. xxv, fig. 264.—
*SowmERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXx x11, fig. 488.—* B. H. WRIGHT,
Check List, 1888,—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 145.
* Margaron (Unio) aureus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 37.
*Unio bolli CALL, Am. Naturalist, XV, 1881, p. 390.!
Texas.
tQUADRULA PAUPERCULA Lea.
*Unio pauperculus LE, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p.39; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
V, 1862, p. 99, pl. xv, fig. 247; * Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 103, pl. xv, fig. 247.—* B. H.
WriaGut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) pauperculus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 55.”
Texas.
(Group of Quadrula infucata.)
Shell small, rounded rhomboid, with a low, distinct posterior ridge,
truncated behind and angled back of the ligament; beaks moderately
elevated, subcentral; beak sculpture, four or five coarse, subparallel
ridges which curve upward behind, with fine, radial ridges between
them and the ligament; surface blackish, sculptured with zigzag or
chevron-shaped corrugations which often become pustulous below;
posterior slope having radial, broken wrinkles; pseudocardinals small,
stumpy; secondary lateral of the right valve present; beak cavities
moderately deep, slightly compressed; anterior scars small, smooth;
nacre rather dull, purplish.
Animal with the marsupium occupying all four leaves of the gills;
inner gills the larger, free from the abdominal sac only part of their
length; anal opening without papille.°
1 An inflated form.
2 Usually entirely free from sculpture excepting faint corrugations on the poste-
rior slope. A specimen belonging to Mr. William A. Marsh, from Village Creek,
Texas, shows slight tuberculation on the disks.
3T have been puzzled as to the relationship of this group and have been strongly
inclined to place it near chickasawhensis, but I now believe it is more closely allied
to the Pustulosa group. Its posterior truncation, the prominent angle behind the
ligament, and beak sculpture lead me to place it here. The general sculpture of
@). petrina approaches that of these species.
784 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
+ QUADRULA INFUCATA Conrad.
*Unio infucatus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 45, pl: 111, fig. 2, p. 70.—* MGL-
LER, ‘Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 208.—* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—
*HANLEY, Test, Moll., 1842, p. 203; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 203.—* CHENU, Bib.
Conch., Ist ser., III, 1845, p. 22, pl. 1. fig.6.—* CatTLow and RrEvex, Conch.
Nom., 1845, p. 60.—* Conrab, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250.—* H. and
A. Abas, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.—* Kusrer, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861,
p. 176, pl. Ly, fig. 5.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. XL, fig. 221.—
*B.H. Wriegut, Check List, 1888.—* Pare, Corch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155.—
* Simpson, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 409, pl xL1x, figs. 1-3, 6.
* Margarita (Unio) infucatus Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 34; 1838, p. 23.
* Margaron ( Unio) infucatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 20; 1870, p. 50.
*Unio securiformis CONRAD, }Ann. and Mag., IV, 1849, p. 300; Pr. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., * I, 1850, p. 275 pl. xxxvut, fig. 1; *IV, 1849, p. 152; *VI, 1852, p. 257—
*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 167.
Chattahoochee and Flint rivers, Georgia.
tQUADRULA KLEINIANA Lea.?
*Unio kleinianus Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1852, p. 251; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soce.,
X, 1852, p. 265, pl. xvu, fig. 18; *Obs., V, 1852, p. 21, pl. xvu, fig. 18.—
*ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257.—* H. and A. ADAmMs, Gen.
Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 498.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. 11, fig. 6.—
*B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 156.
* Margaron (Unio) kleintanus Lra, Syn., 1852, p. 20; 1870, p. 30.
* Unio sparsus KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 252, pl. LXxxv, fig. 2.
Southern Georgia; northern Florida.
Section FUSCONAIA Simpson, 1900,
(Type, Unio trigonus Lea.)
Shell round, rhomboid, triangular, or short elliptical, with a moderate
posterior ridge; beaks high and full, curved inward and forward, sculp-
tured with a few coarse, parallel ridges which curve upward behind;
epidermis dark; surface not sculptured; hinge plate of moderate width;
pseudocardinals strong; nacre white, salmon, or purple.
Ammal having all four gills occupied throughout as a marsupium,
filled with pink or purplish ova when gravid; inner gills much the
wider in front, free generally from the abdominal sac; outer gills cut
away slopingly in front.
(Group of Quadrula beadleiana.)
Shell moderately solid, somewhat triangularly rounded, bluntly
pointed and sometimes slightly biangular at post base, with a more
or less developed posterior ridge, in front of which it is full; beaks not
1A rather smooth infucatus.
2JTn the Proceedings of the U. 8. National Museum, XV, 1892, p. 404, I united this
species with Unio infucatus Conrad. Further study of additional material and of
the animals which show some differences has induced me to separate the two.
~~
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 785
very high; beak sculpture very coarse, concentric ridges;! disks irregu-
larly concentrically striate; epidermis rich, dark chestnut; hinge plate
rather narrow; pseudocardinals radial, stumpy; cavity of the beaks
only moderately deep.
No gravid specimens have been seen, but those examined do not seem
to differ from others of the genus.
FQUADRULA CHICKASAWHENSIS Lea.
*Unio chickasawhensis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 39; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., V, 1862, p. 101, pl. xvi, fig. 250; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 105, pl. xv1,
fig. 250.—*B. H. Wrrent, Check List, 1888.
Margaron ( Unio) chickasawhensis Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 55.
Mississippi and Louisiana.
+QUADRULA SUCCISSA Lea.
*Unio succissus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 275, pl. xx1, fig.32; *Obs., V,
1852, p. 31, pl. xx1, fig. 32.—* H. and A. ApAmMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857,
p. 496.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxiir, fig. 174.—*B. H.
WriGut, Check List, 1888.—*PareL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 169.—
*Srmpson, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 29, pl. LXXx1, fig. 5.
*Margaron (Unio) succissus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 38.
t* Unio cacao LEA, Pr. Ac. N.Sci. Phila., II], 1859, p. 154; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1860, p. 344, pl. Lv1, fig. 169; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 26, pl. Lv1, fig. 169.—
*B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) cacao LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 54.
West Florida; southern Alabama.
tQUADRULA PUMILA Lea.
* Unio pumilus Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 23, pl. vu, fig. 17; * Obs., II,
1838, p. 23, pl. vu, fig. 17.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p.
234.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.185; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 185, pl. xxi,
fig. 13.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.-63.—* CONRAD, Pr. Ac.
Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 255.—* H. and A. ApAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll, II,
1857, p. 495.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xix, figs. 1, la, 1b.—* SowmrRsBy,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxv1, fig. 198.—* B. H. Wriegut, Check List,
1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 164.
* Margarita (Unio) pumilus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 20; 1838, p. 17.
* Margaron (Unio) pumilus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 37.
Black River, North Carolina. Only the type shell, a small specimen,
not in very good condition, has been seen by me.
t? QUADRULA UTRICULUS Lea.
* Unio utriculus Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 164; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soce.,
X, 1848, p. 69, pl. 1, fig. 3; Obs., IV, 1848, p. 43, pl. 1, fig. 3.—* CoNnRaAD, Pr.
Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 259.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) utriculus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 46.,
North Carolina. The specimen in the Lea collection which came from
Arkansas is not this species at all.
1 According to Marsh, who has examined the beak sculpture of (. askewi. I have
never seen a specimen of the group in which it was not all eroded away.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 50
786 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou, XXI1,
tQUADRULA BEADLEIANA Lea.
* Unio beadleianus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 39; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., V, 1862, p. 94, pl. xrv, fig. 242; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 98, pl. xrv, fig.
242.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) beadleianus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 55.
Mississippi to eastern Texas.
tQUADRULA ASKEWI Marsh.
* Unio askewi Marsn, Nautilus, X, 1896, p.91; X, 1897, pl.1, figs. 3, 4.
Western Louisiana; eastern Texas.
(Group of Quadrula trigona.)
Shell triangular, generally inflated, with high, full beaks which are
ineurved and turned forward over a well-developed lunule; anterior end
obliquely truncate above, often with a curved, shallow depression in
each valve running from the beaks to midway down the anterior end,
and forming a sort of secondary lunule; posterior base usually incurved; —
the posterior ridge ending in a rather sharp point; beak sculpture, a
few coarse, concentric ridges turned upward behind and often swollen
on the posterior ridge, sometimes becoming finer and broken or irregu-
lar on the upper disk; hinge solid but not very wide; pseudocardinals
triangular and radial, torn; there is a secondary lateral in the right
valve; cavity of the beaks generally deep and compressed; muscle
scars small, deep.
Animal with the marsupium occupying the whole of all four bran-
chie; inner gills generally free from the abdominal sac, much wider
than the outer in front; outer nearly or quite equaling them in width
behind; anal opening distinctly crenulate or papillose.
+QUADRULA RUBIGINOSA Lea.
*Unio rubiginosus LeA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., III, 1829, p. 427, pl. vut, fig. 10; * Obs.,
I, 1834, p. 41, pl. vit, fig. 10.—* DEsHayEs, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835,
p. 548.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 185; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 185, pl. xx1,
fig. 43.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 63.—* H. and A. ADAMs,
Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* CuENu, I]. Conch., 1858, pl. x11, figs. 4, 4a,
4b.—* REEVE», Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxvil, fig. 136.—* CaLkins, Pr.
Ottawa Acad. Sci., 1874, p. 44.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—*WaL-
TON, Moll. Monroe Co., 1892, p. 16, pl. vit, fig. 1.
*Margarita (Unio) rubiginosus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 20; 1838, p. 17.
*Margaron (Unio) rubiginosus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 37.
*Umo rubiginosa DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 672.
“Quadrula rubiginosa BakER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 77, pl. xix, fig. 2;
Org) 10K ILE
“Unio flavus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 69.—* Say, Am. Conch., VI,
1834.—* FERussAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27.—* ConRAD, Monog., IX, 1837, p.
74, pl. XLI, fig. 2.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab., 1852, p. 61, pl. x1v, fig. 2; p. 265, pl.
LXXXIX, fig. 5.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 249.
“Unio flavus var. rubiginosus PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 152.
“Unio trigonus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LxIv, p. 322.
Entire Mississippi drainage; eastern Texas; St. Lawrence River
system; Nelson River and its tributaries.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. TS7
+QUADRULA CERINA Conrad.
*Unio cerinus CONRAD, Monog., XI, 1838, p. 95, pl. Lr; *Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VI, 1853, p. 246.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxxxvu, fig. 468.—
*B. H.Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PareL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 147.
Louisiana; eastern Texas; Mississippi; Alabama; north to Arkansas.
tf QUADRULA HEBETATA Conrad.
*Unio hebetatus CONRAD, * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1854, p. 296, pl. xxv1, fig. 5.—
*B.H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) habetatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 38.
Missouri; Tuscaloosa River, Alabama.
FQUADRULA RUBIDA Lea.
*Unio rubidus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 40; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
V, 1862, p. 95, pl. xv, fig. 244; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 99, pl. xiv, fig. 244.—
*B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.
*Margaron (Unio) rubidus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 35.
t* Unio negatus Lma, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p.59; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
V, 1862, p. 76, pl. 1x, fig. 225; Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 80, pl. 1x, fig. 225.—* Sow-
ERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xx x11, fig. 165.—* B. H. Wricut, Check
List, 1888.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 160.
* Margaron (Unio) negatus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 35.
Streams flowing iuto the Gulf of Mexico from Alabama to Louisiana.
The shell reported under the name Unio negatus, from Kansas, is prob-
ably a somewhat sulcate rubiginosus.
tQUADRULA CHUNII Lea.
Unio chunit Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 392; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
V, 1862, p. 196, pl. xxviI, p. 265; *Obs., IX, 1863, p. 18, pl. xxvu, fig. 265.—
*B. H. WriGut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa7re., III, 1890, p. 148.
*Margaron (Unio) chuntt Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 38. ‘
Mississippi; west to central Texas north to Arkansas.
+ QUADRULA RIDDELLII Lea.
*Unio riddelliti Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 392; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
V, 1862, p. 198, pl. xxvul, fig. 267; * Obs., IX, 1863, p. 20, pl. xxvu, fig. 267.—
* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lx xxi, fig. 442:-—* B. H. WRIGHT,
Check List, 1888.—* ParrL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 165.
*Margaron (Unio) riddellit Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 38.
Dallas, Texas.
t QUADRULA FRIERSONI B. H. Wright.
* Unio friersoni B. H. Wricut, Nautilus, IX, 1896, p. 134, pl. m1.
Louisiana; eastern Texas.
+t QUADRULA TRIGONA Lea.
* Unio trigonus, Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 110, pl. xvi, fig. 40; * Obs., I,
1834, p. 120, pl. xvi, fig. 40.—* HaNLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.185; * Biv. Shells,
1843, p.185, pl. xx1, fig.6.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64.—
* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec.
Moll., II, 1857, p. 496.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xvi, figs. 7, Ta, 7b.—
788 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
*SoOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxxv1, fig. 459.—* CALKINS, Pr.
Ottawa Acad. Sci., 1874, p. 45. —* B. H. WRIGHT, her List, pee —* PATEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 170.
* Margarita Gono) trigonus La, Syn., 1836, p. 18; 1838, p. 17.
* Margaron ( Unio) trigonus Lua, Syn., 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 38.
*Quadrula trigonad BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 76, pl. xv, fig. 5.
*Unio undatus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 72.—*Say, Am. Conch.,
VI, 1834,
*Unio triangularis KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 56, pl. x11, fig. 3.
* Unio pilaris REEV®, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxvu, fig. 138.
Entire Mississippi drainage; Coosa River, Alabama; Michigan and
the Upper St. Lawrence drainage.
tQUADRULA OBLIQUA Lamarck.
*Unio obliqua LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 72.—* FERuSSAC, Guer. Mag.,
1835, p. 28.—* DESHAYES, An. sans Vert, 2d ed., 1835, p. 534; 3d ed., II, 1839,
p. 668.
*Margarita (Unio) obliqua LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 20.
*Unio obliquus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 186; * Biv. 1843, p.186, pl. xx,
fig. 24.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Gonen! Nom., 1845, p. 61.—* KusTER, Conch.
Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 63, pl. xv, fig. 1.—*ConrRaD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI,
1853, p. 253.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* CaLkIns,
Pr. Ottawa Acad. Sci., 1874, p. 44.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 161.—
*CALL, Tr. Ac. Sci. St. Louis, VII, 1895, p. 31, pl. 1v.
* Margarita (Unio) obliquus LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 17.
*Margaron (Unio) obliquus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 38.
*Unio undatus BARNES, Am. Jl. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 121, pl. Iv, fig. 4.—* HILDRETH,
Am. Jl. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 280.!—* Conrab, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853,
p. 259.
*Mya undata EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 219.
*Unio mytiloides SHORT and Eaton, Transylvania J1., 1831, p. 74.
* Unio cordatus CONRAD, Monog., V, 1836, p. 48, pl. xxv.—*KUSTER, Conch. Cab.,
te , p. 57, pl. xin, fig. 1.—*SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. nce,
376. LB. H. Wrieuat, Check List, 1888.
Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems; west in Tiere to
the Mississippi; Ohioens, Alabama.
t QUADRULA COCCINEA Conrad.
*Unio coccineus CONRAD,? Monog., III, 1836, p. 29, pl. x11, fig. 1.—LEa, Tr. Am.
Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 12, pl. v, fig. 12; *Obs., II, 1838, p. 12, pl. v, fig. 12.—
*“TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir. Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 234.—*HaNLEY, Test. Moll..
1842, p. 203; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 203, pl. xxu1, fig.54.—*CaTLOoW and REEVE,
1This was figured by Hildreth, but the figures of this species and a number of
others were left out by the editor.
2JIn the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, VI, 1838, p. 12, pl. v,
fig. 12, Lea described this species, and stated that about eighteen months previous Dr.
Hildreth had sent him a single specimen under the name Unio coccineus; but there is
nothing to show that Hildreth had described it. In the Monography in 1886, III,
p. 29, pl. xm, fig. 1, Conrad describes this species under the same name, and also
credits it to Hildreth, stating that it was in the collection of the Philadelphia
Academy of Natural Sciences under that name. The°species must be credited to
Conrad, who first described it, though Lea read his description in 1834.
\
~ NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. T89
Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 57.—*KustTER, Conch. Cab., 1852, p. 49, pl. x, fig. 2.—
*ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 247.—* H. and A. ADAms, Gen.
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—*CHENUv, Il. Conch., 1858, pl. xxv, figs. 4, 4a,
4b.—* SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xcrv, fig. 512.—*Canktns, Pr.
Ottawa Acad. Sci., I, 1874, “aL 42.—*B. H. Wriaur, Check List, 1888,—
*PasTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148.
* Margarita (Unio) coccineus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 34; 1838, p. 23.
* Margaron ( Unio) coccineus Lua, Syn., 1852, p. 35; 1870, p. 56.
*Quadrula coccinea BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 79, pl. xrv, fig. 1; x1x,
fig. 3.
* Unio rubens MENKE, Syn., Meth. Moll., 1828, p. 90. ~
* Unio catillus CONRAD, Monog., III, 1836, p. 30, pl. x1, fig. 2.—* Kusrer, Conch.
Cab., 1852, p. 64, pl. xv, fig. 2.—*ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853,
p. 246.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 147.
* Unio catilus B. H. WRIGHT, Gneck tise 1888.
*Unio gouldianus WarD, ! Jay’s Catalogue, 3d ed., 1839, p: 24,
* Unio cuneus Cau, Tr. Ac. Sci. St. Louis, VII, p. 1.
tf QUADRULA COCCIENEA var. PAUPERCULA Simpson.?
Entire Upper Mississippi drainage; St. Lawrence basin in various
localities.. The peculiar dwarf variety which is found in this latter
area seems almost entitled to specific rank.
tQUADRULA SOLIDA Lea.
Unio solidus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 18, pl. v, fig. 13; *Obs., II, 1838, p.
13, pl. v, fig. 13.—*TrRoscHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 234.—
*HANLEY,Test. Moll., 1842, p. 186; “Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 186, pl. xx1u1, fig. 15.—
*CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64.—*H. and A. ApAms, Gen.
Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496.—*CuEnu, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xxv, figs. 2, 2a,
2b.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 258, pl. Lxxxvu, fig. 4.—* REEVE,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxvu, fig. 133.—*CaLkins, Pr. Ottawa Acad.
Sci., 1874, p. 45.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa:rEL, Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 168.
* Margarita (Unio) solidus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 20; 1838, p. 17.
* Margaron (Unio) solidus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 38.
*2Unio cardiacea DESHAYES, Tr. Elem. de Conch., 1839, p. 19, pl. XxXx1, figs. 1, 2
* Unio fulgidus LEA,* Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., LV, 1845, p. 164; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soce., X, 1848
p. 73, pl. tv, fig. 10; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 47, pl. 1v, fig. 10.—* Conran, Pr.
Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 249.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II,
1857, p. 495.—* B. H. WrieutT, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 253.
* Margaron (Unio) fulgidus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 38.
* Unio obovalis CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. elie, VI, 1853, p. 253.
Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems; south to Louisiana ;
west to Arkansas and Kansas; north to Minnesota; east, through Wis-
consin, Illinois, and Indiana, to Ohio.
tae nied by Dr. Tay on used in ih cpialon ue, but never iGudbeinea ie is a white
nacred coccinea.
>There is a dwarf form, greatly inflated and having the rest periods very plainly
marked, found in the St. Lawrence and its tributaries near the Niagara Falls, which
may bear the above varietal name.
5 There is only the type, a young shell, in Lea’s collection, and I have no hesitation
in referring it to solidus,
TIO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
tQUADRULA PLENA Lea.
* Unio plenus Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 286; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1848,
p. 211, pl. xiv, fig. 26; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 49, pl. x1v, fig. 26.—* ConrRaD, Proc.
Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 255.—*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857,
p. 495.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 264, pl. LXxx1Xx, fig. 3.—* SOWERBY,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LX1, fig. 305.—* B. H. WrieutT, Check List, 1888,—
*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 165.
* Margaron ( Unio) plenus Lia, Syn., 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 39.
Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee riversystems; southwest to Kansas
and Arkansas.
QUADRULA FLEXUOSA Simpson.
Holston River, Tennessee.
Quadrula flecuosa SIMPSON, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 83, pl. 11, fig. 8.
t QUADRULA PYRAMIDATA Lea.
*Unio pyramidatus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1834, p. 109, pl. xv1, fig. 39; * Obs., T,
1834, p. 119, pl. x v1, fig. 39.—* HANEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 186; * Biv. Shells,
1843, p. 186, pl. xx, fig. 45.—* DESHAYES, Traite Elem. de Conch., II, 1850?, p.
216, pl. xxx1, figs. 1, 2.— *CarLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 63.—
“HA. and A. ApAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., Il, 1857, p. 495.—*CuHENu, Ill. Conch., -
1858, pl. xvi, figs. 5, 5a, 5b.—* SowrErsBy, Couch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LxIv, p,
323.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.
“Margarita (Unio) pyramidatus Lua, Syn., 1836, p.21; 1838, p. 17.
*Margaron (Unio) pyramidatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 39.
“Unio mytiloides DesHAYES, Enc. Meth., II, 1830, p. 586, pl. CCXLIX, fig. 4.—
“Say, Am. Conch., Pt. 6, 1834.—* FERuUSSAC, 1835, p. 28.—* MOLLER, Syn.
Noy. Gen., 1836, p. 209.—*Conrap, Monog., IV, 1836, p. 41, pl. xx.—
“ SWAINSON, Treatise on Mal., 1840, p. 267, figs. 52-53.—~* CaTLow and REEVE,
Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 61.—* Kustrer, Conch. Cab., 1852, p. 59, pl. x11, fig. 35
1861, p. 265, pl. Lxxx1x, fig. 4.—*B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.
*Margarita (Unio) mytiloides Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 21; 1838, p. 17. -
*Margaron (Unio) mytiloides LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 39.
“Unio mytiloides Rafinesque var. pyramidatus PaTEL, Conch. Sai., III, 1890, p.
160.!
“Unio cardiacea GUERIN, Icon. Regne Animal, 1829?, IT, pl. xXvuil, fig. 7.
*Unio ruber CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257.
“Unio obliqua Woop, Ind. Test. rev., 1856, p. 200, pl. 1, fig. 8.
Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems; southwest to
Arkansas; west to Nebraska?; north in the Mississippi to Wisconsin.
(Group of Quadrula subrotunda. )
Shell solid, rounded, elliptical or ovate, with high beaks curved
inward and forward over a distinct lunule; beak sculpture a few coarse
‘Most of the authors who use the name mytiloides believe it to be Rafinesque’s
species, though they figure and describe the pyramidatus of Lea. The specimens in
the Lea collection which Dr. Lea calls mytiloides Rafinesque, are evidently a form of
his pyramidatus. Rafinesque’s figure represents a shell very long and almost
straight on the posterior dorsal line, with astonishingly high beaks, and four dis-
tinct, equally separated rays on the disk, and he says there are some oblique, black,
longitudinal bands on the shell. The Rafinesquian shell seems as near to the Unio
clava of Lamarck as anything, but it does not agree with that.
NO. 12(5. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIA DES—SIMPSON. 791
ridges curved up behind; posterior ridge feebly developed; epidermis
brownish or blackish, and often painted with a few faint rays on the
earlier shell which are disposed to break into squarish spots; hinge
and teeth strong; secondary lateral in right valve well developed;
beak cavities deep, compressed; muscle scars deep. Animal with ali
four gills used as a marsupium throughout, filled with pink ova; gills
large, inner only slightly the larger, free the greater part of their
length; anal opening crenulate or papillose.
tf QUADRULA BURSA-PASTORIS B. H. Wright.
* Unio bursa-pastoris B. H. Wricut, Nautilus., IX, 1896, p. 133, pl. m1.
Clinch and Powell rivers; Virginia and Tennessee.
+ QUADRULA KIRTLANDIANA Lea.
* Unio kirtlandianus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 98, pl. xrv, fig.41; *Obs.,
T, 1834, p. 210, pl. xiv, fig. 41.—* Ferussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* Han-
LEY, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 203, pl. xx, fig. 27.—* CarLow and REEve, Conch.
Nom., 1845, p.60.—* Conrap, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251.—* Kus-
TER, Conch. Cab., 1856, p. 168, pl. xrx, figs. 2, 3; 1861, p. 214, pl. Lxxz,
fig. 1.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—*Sowrsy,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxvu, fig. 402.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List,
1888.—* PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 156.
*Margarita (Unio) kirtlandianus Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 34; 1838, p. 23.
* Margaron (Unio) kirtlandianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 35; 1870, p. 56.
* Unio kirklandianus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 203. !
tf QUADRULA KIRTLANDIANA var. MINOR Simpson.?
Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems; southwest to
Arkansas; north to Wisconsin?; east through southern Michigan.
+t QUADRULA SUBROTUNDA Lea.?
* Unio subrotundus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. I opls xavariie tow 45 Oose
I, 1834, p. 127, pl. xvi, fig. 45.—* HaANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 203; * Biv.
Shells, 1843, p. 203, pl. xx, fig. 58.—* CaTLow and REEvVs, Conch. Nom., 1845,
p.64.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—* ?CHENU, III.
1A typographical error no doubt. There is a Unio kirklandianus recently named
by Wright.
*A form is found in the Tennessee drainage which comes nearest, it seems to me,
to the kirtlandianus of Lea, but is much smaller and more delicate, and is not so
strongly colored. Mr. Wetherby believes this to be a form of the nearly allied
subrotundus, but it seems to me too much compressed for that. Dr. Sterki is of the
opinion that the two species should be united. While there are specimens which
can hardly be determined, it seems to me that in the main the two are distinct.
' The small form may be called variety minor.
>The name subrotunda was used by Rafinesque in 1820 for some species of Naiad,
probably a member of the Circulus group which I can not determine, and placed in
the genus Obliquaria by him. Conrad afterwards, in 1834, placed what he supposed
was this species in the genus Unio. Lea applied the name subrotundus to his species
in 1831, and being the first to use it for that genus, I think it will have to stand,
and Conrad’s name become a synonym.
792 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
Conch., 1858, pl. xv, figs. 1, 1a, 1.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 190, pl. Lx,
fig. 3.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.
*Margarita (Unio) subrotundus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 34; 1838, p. 23.
*Margaron (Unio) subrotundus Lua, Syn., 1852, p. 35; 1870, p. 56.
* @ Unio brevialis CRoucH, Ill. Int. to Lamarck, 1827, p. 16, pl.1x, fig. 3.\—*? Cat-
Low and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 56.
*Unio personatus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 71.
*Unio politus Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.2—* Frrussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28.—
*ConrAD, Monog., VIII, 1837, p. 67, pl. xxxvu, fig. 2.—* KusTER, Conch.
Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 62, pl. x1v, fig. 4.—*Conrap, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VI, 1853, p. 255.—*SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxu, p. 168.—
*P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 164.°
Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems. Reported from
Michigan and the Grand River, Ontario, but it is probable that the
material from these localities is not subrotundus.
+ QUADRULA PILARIS Lea.
* Unio pilaris LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 285; Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842,
p. 209, pl. xrv, fig. 24; Obs., III, 1842, p.47, pl. xtv, fig. 24.—* CONRAD, Pr. Ac.
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 255.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II,
1857, p. 492.—*CHENU, I]. Conch., 1858, pl. xxIx, figs. 3, 3a, 3b.—* Kus-
TER, Conch Cab., 1861, p. 255, pl. Lxxxvi, fig. 3.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon.,
XVI, 1865, pl. xxvul, fig. 138.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PHTEL,
Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 163. _
* Margaron (Unio) pilaris LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 35; 1870, p. 56.
t* Unio lesueurianus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc. I, 1840, p. 286; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.,
VIII, 1842, p. 195, pl. vu, fig. 6; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 33, pl. vim, fig. 6.—
*ConrRaAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen.
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—* CHENU, Il. Conch., 1858, pl. xxx, figs. 4, 4a,
4b.—*KustEeR, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 215, pl. Lxxi, fig. 2.—*B. H.
WriGuHt, Check List, 1888.—* PaTeEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 157.
* Margaron (Unio) lesueurianus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 35; 1870, p. 56.
Tennessee and Cumberland river sytems; Green River, Kentucky;
reported from the Ohio River.
tQUADRULA CUNEUS Conrad.!
* Unio cuneus CONRAD, Monog., XII, 1840, p.105; pl. v1u1, fig. 1.—* B. H. WRIGHT,
Check List, 1888.
Arkansas; Louisiana; Sabine River, Texas.
1The figure looks something like subrotunda, or it may possibly be ebenus. I can
not make out Lamarck’s brevialis (An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 75), which he says came
from the Isle de France. Sganzin was told by the people of the island that no Unio
was found there (Mem. Hist. Nat. Strasb., III, 1846, p. 8).
2Merely listed by Say, but neither Lea nor I have been able to find that it was ever
described by him.
3 Kirtland states that an oblique sulcation below the superior posterior angle dis-
tinguishes the female of this species, as it does the retusus, from the male. I have
not noticed it.
4Mr. Conrad states in the Monography that his shells came from the Little Red
River, Arkansas. Our shells in the U. S. National Museum collection are from the
same stream, but are not quite so solid, nor are they just the shape of the figure, yet
I have no doubt that they are cuneus,
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 793
tQUADRULA EBENUS Lea.
* Unio ebenus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 84, pl. rx, fig. 14; * Obs., I, 1834, p.
94, pl. 1x, fig. 14.—*ConraD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 69.—* HANLEY, Test.
Moll., 1842, p. 202; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 202, pl. xx, fig. 47.—* CaTLow and
REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58.—*H. and A. ADAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857,
p. 492:—*CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, pl. xv, figs. 7, 7a, 7b.—* SOWERBY, Conch.
Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXvI, fig. 334.—*CaLkins, Pr. Ottawa Acad. Sci., 1874, p.
42.—*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—*PareL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,
p. 151.
*Margarita (Unio) ebenus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 34; 1838, p. 23.
*Margaron (Unio) ebenus LEA, Syn., 1852, p.35; 1870, p. 56.
* Unio obovalis Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.
* Unio obliquus CONRAD, Monog., IX, 1837, p. 77, pl. Xiu, fig. 2.—* KUSTER,Conch.
Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 215, pl. Lxx1, fig. 4.
* Unio mytiloides SwWAINSON, Treatise on Mal., 1840, p. 270, figs. 52, 53.
Mississippi drainage generally except its western portion; Alabama
and Tombigbee rivers; northeast Texas?.
+QUADRULA GLOBATA Lea.
* Unio gl.batus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p.191; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VIII, 1874, p.5, pl.1, fig. 1; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 9, pl. 1, fig. 1.—* B.H.Wriaut,
Check List, 1888.
Holston and Tennessee rivers, Tennessee; Etowah River, Georgia.
(Group of Quadrula glandacea.')
Shell rhomboid-oval, nearly straight below and slightly biangulate
behind, with a well-defined double posterior ridge; beaks probably -
full; surface slightly and irregularly sulcate; epidermis wrinkled,
tawny; hinge strong, the plate somewhat flattened; pseudocardinals
triangular; laterals strong, secondary lateral of right valve well devel-
oped; beak cavities deep, compressed; muscle scars very deep, smooth;
nacre dirty straw color.
tQUADRULA GLANDACEA Lea.
*Unio glandaceus LBA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,V, 1861, p.59; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
V, 1862, p.77, pl. 1x, fig. 226; *Obs., VIII, p. 81, pl. 1x, fig. 226.—* B. H.
Wricut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron ( Unio) glandaceus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 38.
Coosa and Cahawba rivers, Alabama.
1T am somewhat at a loss to know where to place this group. The very limited
amount of material I have seen is in a badly eroded condition. I can form no
idea of the beak sculpture, and I have never seen the soft parts. The texture and
coloring of all the shells I have seen are like those of Pleurobema, but the very
deep beak cavities and the general form are like Quadrula.
794 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
Section PACHYNAIAS Crosse and Fischer, 1893.
(Type, Unio spheniopsis Morelet. )
Shell elongate-triangular, inflated, truncated above and rounded
below in front, straight on the base, with a high, sharp posterior ridge;
the post base slightly biangulate; beaks full, the sculpture consisting of
apparently faint ridges which run parallel with the growth lines;
whole surface distinctly concentrically ridged; epidermis without rays;
pseudocardinals solid, stumpy, somewhat radiate, roughened; beak
cavities rather deep; muscle scars deep, smooth; nacre bluish white,
thicker in front.
Animal unknown.
+QUADRULA SPHENIOPSIS Morelet.
* Unio spheniopsis MORELET, Test. Nov., I, 1849, p. 29.—* FIscHER and CROSSE,
Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 583, pl. LX1,. figs. 2, 2a, 2b.
Rio Usumacinta, Guatemala.
tQUADRULA RUGOSOSULCATA Lea.
* Unio rugososulcatus Lea, Pr. Ac. N.Sci. Phila., X, 1866, p. 33; *J1. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1868, p. 266, pl. xxxrv, fig.81; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 26, pl. xxxiv,
fig. 81.—* B. H.Wrieut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) rugososulcatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 35.
Central America.
Subgenus ROTUNDARIA (Rafinesque, 182)) Simpson.
(Type, Obliquaria tuberculata Rafinesque.)
Shell rounded or quadrate, slightly truncate above in front; posterior
ridge low; beaks prominent, curved inward and forward over a strongly
marked lunule; beak sculpture consisting of numerous (20 to 30) fine,
irregular, broken, somewhat concentric corrugations which extend
well on to the second year’s growth and gradually blend with the regu-
lar sculpture; posterior three-fifths of the shell tuberculate; epidermis
brown; beak cavities very deep, compressed; nacre violet.
Animal having the gills very large, inner very much wider in front, free
the whole length from the abdominal sac; branchial opening immense,
with many small papillae; anal opening very large, smooth; superanal
opening not at all closed below.!
(Group of Quadrula tuberculata.)
Shell rounded, truncated behind, with a wide depression down the
post slope.
1T regret that I have never been able to see gravid specimens of either of the species
placed here. They are generally placed with the pustulusus group, but the strongly
developed sulcus on the posterior slope and the very remarkable beak sculpture,
which is not at all like that of any of our species, are good distinguishing characters.
The enormous anal anil branchial openings, and the open superanal opening are
characters of some value.
No. 120. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 795
+t QUADRULA TUBERCULATA Rafinesque.!
* Obliquaria (Rotundaria) tuberculata RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Brux., V, 1820,
p. 103. —* CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., III, 1845, p. 20.
* Rotundaria tuberculata AGAssiZ, Arch. fiir Naturg., I, 1852, p. 48.
*Unio tuberculatus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 72.—* Say, Am. Conch.,
VI, 1834.—* Ferussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28.—* CONRAD, Monog., V, 1836,
p. 43, pl. xx11.—* KusTErR, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 45, pl. 1x, fig. 1.—* REEVE,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. 111, figs. 9, 12.
*Unio verrucosus BARNES, Am. J1.Sci., VI, 1823, p. 128, pl. v, fig. 6.—* SuHortT and
Eaton, Transylvania J1., 1831, p. 75.—* HaNLey, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 180;
* Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 180, pl. x x1, fig. 24.—* CaATLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom.,
1845, p.65.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496.—* CaLkins,
Pr. Ottawa Acad. Sci., 1874, p. 46.—* B. H. Wrieur, Check List, 1888.—
*PXETEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 171.
* Margarita (Unio) verrucosus LEA, Syn., 1836, p.16; 1838, p. 15.
* Margaron (Unio) verrucosus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 34.
*Unio verrucosus purpureus HILDRETH, Am. Jl. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 281.
* Mya verrucosa EATON, Zool. Text Book, 1826, p. 216.
*Quadrula verrucosa BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 85, pl. xxu1.
* Unio tuberculosa VALENCIENNES, Rec. Obs. Zool. Anat., II, 1833, p. 232.
Mississippi drainage generally; southern Michigan; San Saba County,
central Texas.
+QUADRULA GRANIFERA Lea.
*Unio graniferus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p.69, pl. x1x, fig. 60; *Obs., II,
1838, p. 69, pl. XIx, fig. 60.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p.
237.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 180; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 180, pl. xxi,
fig. 11.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.59.—* CoNnRaD, Pr. Ac.
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857,
p. 496.—* CuENu, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xxv, figs. 3, 3a, 3b.—* KUSTER, Conch.
Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 212, pl. Lxx, fig. 4.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon,, XVI, 1864,
pl. 1x, fig. 34.—*B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 154.
*Margarita (Unio) graniferus LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 15.
* Margaron (Unio) graniferus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 34.
tQUADRULA GRANIFERA var. PUSILLA Simpson.’
Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems; northwest to Iowa.
1 Rafinesque’s description is plainly that of one of the pustulous Uniones of the
Ohio, and the statement that it is truncated posteriorly, wants nodules anteriorly,
is three or more inches long, and has a violet nacre makes it certain that it is the
verrucosus of Barnes.
2This form has been considered by many merely at best a variety of the tuberculata,
and I have so regarded it. It has always a smaller and generally a more inflated
shell, higher beaks, and usually a smoother, more olive-colored epidermis than the
latter. Its nacre is ordinarily more copper colored than that of tuberculata. I believe
with Mr. Wetherby that it is a valid species.
3A greatly dwarfed inflated form from the Green River at Mammoth Cave, Ken-
tucky, may bear the above name.
796 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
(Group of Quadrula ostreata.)
Shell rhomboid, incurved on the base, with a well-developed posterior
ridge, somewhat biangulate behind; beak sculpture consisting of a
number of fine, concentric ridges showing a tendency to be doubly
looped, which gradually change, first to corrugations and then to pus-
tules; pseudocardinals ragged, secondary lateral of right valve but
slightly developed.
Animal unknown.
t QUADRULA OSTREATA Morelet.
* Unio ostreatus MORELET, Test. Noviss., No. 1, 1849, p. 29.—* FISCHER and CROSSE, |
Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 573, pl. Lxii, fig. 3; Lxx, fig. 4.
Rio Usumacinta, Guatemala.
tQUADRULA USUMASINT4 Crosse and Fischer.
* Unio usumasinte CROSSE and FISCHER, J. de Conch., XL, 1892, p. 294.—* FIscHER
and Crosse, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 574, pl. ux1, fig.4; Lxvul, fig. 5.
Rio Usumacinta, Guatemala.
t QUADRULA GUATEMALENSIS Simpson.
* Quadrula guatemalensis, SIMPSON, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 83, pl. 1, fig. 4.
Rio Usumacinta, Guatemala.
(Group of Quadrula percompressa.)
Shell large, triangular to rhomboid, greatly compressed throughout,
with a low posterior ridge and a slight secondary ridge above it, mak-
ing the shell slightly biangulate posteriorly; beaks very prominent, flat-
tened; beak sculpture not seen; surface of the disks covered with
rather fine, somewhat lachrymose nodules, corrugate wrinkled on the
posterior slope;' cavity of the beaks enormously deep and compressed ;
area outside the palleal line wide in front; shell thickened anteriorly.
“tQUADRULA PERCOMPRESSA von Martens.
“Unio percompressus VON MARTENS, Sitzungs Ber. Nat. Tr. 1887, p. 107.—
* FISCHER and CRossE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, Il, 1894, p. 576; Biologia Cent-Am.
Mollusca, 1900, p. 496, pl. xxxu1, figs. 1-3.
Rio de las Salinas, Guatemala.
Subgenus LAMPROTULA Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Chama plumbea Chemnitz.)
Shell rounded to triangular, inflated, with high beaks; beak sculpture
consisting of a few coarse, subparallel ridges which are slightly doubly
' Only two left valves of this remarkable species have been seen by the writer,
both of which curve to the left in front and to the right behind. It is probable that
others may turn to the right, and von Martens’ shells are flat.
pan
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 197
looped; surface of the shell generally covered with coarse nodules or
knobs; posterior slope radially ridged; epidermis dark; two strong
laterals in each valve, all vertically striated; cavity of the beaks deep
and compressed; nacre mostly whitish, usually radially granularly
striated outside the pallial line, having one or more peculiar calluses
behind and below the laterals which are iridescent and granularly
striate.
Animal unknown.!
(Group of Quadrula plumbea.)
Shell rounded, slightly angulated behind the ligament, solid, moder-
ately inflated, covered with coarse pustules, and having broken, up-
curved corrugations on the posterior slope; epidermis light brownish;
hinge rather strong, somewhat flattened; laterals vertically striated.’
QUADRULA PLUMBEA Chemnitz.
*Chama plumbea CHEMNITZ, Conch. Cab., NObp WCE, Wa 2a, Tolle CKorbny, sets, IAL
1992.—* Dititwyn,.Cat. I, 1817, p. 215.—* Woop, Ind. Test. Rev., 1856, p. 52,
pl. 1x, fig. 6.
Unio plumbeus FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio.,
1862, p. 289, pl. xcvil, figs. 1, 2.
South East Asia, probably. The locality, ‘South Sea,” given by
Chemnitz is, no doubt, erroneous.
e
tQUADRULA COREANA von Martens.
*Unio coreanus VON MARTENS, S. B. Nat. Fr., 1886, p. 78.—* Pa:TEL, Conch. Sam.,
Ila, 1890, p. 149.
Soul, Korea.
(Group of (. nodulosa.)
Shell very solid, oval or rounded, inflated, inequilateral, inequivalve,
the valves more or less twisted on their axis or having the appearance
as if one of them had been pushed forward on the other, so that a dorsal
view shows the outline to be rhomboid; each valve with a posterior
ridge, that on the valve pushed forward less developed; beaks high,
full, apparently sculptured with a few coarse irregular ridges; posterior
slope usually having strong, radiating, upcurved ridges; hinge plate
generally wide and flattened; pseudocardinals heavy, somewhat radiate,
often with the sockets evenly, radially grooved; laterals strong, heavily
vertically ridged; secondary lateral of right valve well developed,
' A group of peculiar and striking species which presents a number of quite diverse
forms. On account of this diversity, the fact that the beak sculpture is rarely pre-
served, and that nothing is known of the anatomy, the group is a difficult one to
arrange.
2A single, rather young, dead, and somewhat decayed specimen of what I believe
is Q. coreana, from Séul, Korea, belonging to the collection of F. Stearns has been
examined by the writer. The Chama plumbea of Chemnitz seems to be near it, but
is solider and shorter.
798 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
anterior cicatrices small, deep, posterior shallow; cavity of the beaks
enormously deep, compressed; dorsal cicatrices on the under side of the
shelf.
Animal unknown.
t QUADRULA TORTUOSA Lea.
* Unio tortuosus Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1865, p.76; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VI, 1868, p. 286, pl. XxxIx, fig. 98; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 46, pl. xxxIx, fig. 98.
* Margaron (Unio) tortuosus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 30.
t * Unio (Lampsilis) subtortus BAIRD and ADAMS, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 491,
pl. xxvI, figs. 1, la. :
* Unio subtortus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxxvul, fig. 465.—
* HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., VIII, 1883, pl. Lx1, fig. 119.—* Pa1ren, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p.169.
* Unio retortus HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., VIII, 1883, pl. Lv, fig. 109.—*P£TRL, .
Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 165.
-China.
tQUADRULA TIENTSINENSIS Crosse and Debeaux.
* Unio tientsinensis CROSSE and DEBEAUX, J]. de Conch., III, 1863, p. 257, pl. x, fig.
1.—* SowrRBy,Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xct, fig. 514, 514a, 5146.—* PmTEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 169.
* Margaron (Unio) tientsinensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 30.
China.
QUADRULA ZONATA Heude.
* Unio zonatus HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., VIII, 1883, pl. Lx1.—*PaTEL, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 172.
* Unio tientsinensis HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., VIII, 1883, pl. Lx, fig. 118.
China.
+QUADRULA FIBROSA Heude.
* Unio fibrosus HuupE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., II, 1877, pl. x1, fig. 22.\—*Pa&TEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 152.
*+ Unio spurius Hrupr, Conch. Fluv. Nank., Il, 1877, pl. x1, fig. 22.—* PHTEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 168.
China.
+QUADRULA NODULOSA Wood.
* Mya nodulosa Woop (part), Gen. Conch., I, 1815, p. 106, pl. x x11, figs. 1, 2.2—
*DILLWYN, Catalogue I, 1817, p. 52.—* Woop, Index Test, 1825, p. 12, pl.
II, fig. 29b; *Index Test. Rev., 1856, p. 16, pl. u fig. 29.
* Unio nodulosus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 180.—* Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 180.—
*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 61.—* H. and A. ADaAMs, Gen.
1 Doubtfully distinct from zonata.
2 Wood gives four figures; the first and second being a solid, nodulous, Chinese
species; the third and fourth seem to be Unio pictorum. Lamarck used the name
nodulosa for a Unio (An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 78), and refers to the Encyclopedie
Méthodique, 1797, pl. 248, fig. 19, and this figure is no doubt that of Unio pictorum.
Wood seems to have confounded the two.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAITADES—SIMPSON. 799
Rec. Moll., I], 1857, p. 496.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., X VI, 1868, pl. Lxxx1u,
fig. 489.—* PwTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 161.
* Margarita (Unio) nodulosus Lra, Syn., 1836, p. 16; 1838, p. 15.
* Margaron (Prisodon) nodulosus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 27.
* Castalia nodulosa H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 509.
t Unio grandidens Lra,!' Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 168; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
V, 1862, p. 205, pl. xxx, fig. 274; *Obs., IX, 1863, p. 27, pl. xxx, fig. 274.
* Margaron (Unio) grandidens Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 34.
China.
QUADRULA KOUANGENSIS Simpson.?
* Unio moreletianus HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., VIII, 1883, pl. Lx, fig. 117.—* Pas-
TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 160.
Kouang-te-tcheou, China.
tQUADRULA POLYSTICTO-SCRIPTUS Heude.
* Unio polysticto-scriptus HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., II, 1877, pl. x1m, fig. 26.—
* P HTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 164.
"Unio scripto-polystictus HEUDE,* Conch. Fluyv. Nank., IT, 1877, pl. x1, fig. 27.
*Unio seripto-polystrictus P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 167.
China.
+ QUADRULA POLYSTICTUS Heude.
*Unio polystictus HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., II, 1877, pl. x11, fig. 25.—* PasTRL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 164.
China.
+QUADRULA SIMILARIS Simpson.
*Unio afinis HeupE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., I, 1875, pl. 111, figs. 7, 7a.1—* Pa&TEL,
Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 144.
China.
+QUADRULA MICROSTICTIS Heude.
* Unio microstictis, HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., II, 1877, pl. xu, fig. 24; *Jahrb.
Deutsch, Mal. Ges., VIII, 1881, p. 122.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 159.
China.
(Group of Quadrula rochechouarti.)
Shell rhomboid, with a strong posterior ridge, rounded before,
incurved below, and somewhat biangulate on the posterior base, with
very strong folds on posterior slope which begin on the posterior ridge as
‘A single valve (the type) is in the Lea collection, and an opposing matched valve
isin that of the U.S. National Museum. Dr. Lea states that they were obtained near
Hot Springs, Arkansas, by Major Byrd Powell. I am certain this is a mistake, and
that it is a Chinese species. It agrees exactly with Wood’s figure of nodulosa, is
slightly pushed over or twisted on its axis, and has the vertically ridged laterals
characteristic of the heavy Chinese forms very strongly developed.
2 Heude’s name moreletianus has been twice preoccupied.
3 Believed by Heude to be a hybrid with polysticto-scriptus. I can not see that the
two differ sufficiently to be separated.
4The name affinis was used long before by Dr. Lea for a Unio.
800 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIt.
knobs; surface strongly pustulous; beaks rather well forward, sculpture
not seen; epidermis concentrically wrinkled, black and rough; pseudo-
cardinals strong, somewhat radial, rough, striate; laterals more or less
vertically striate, secondary lateral in right valve well developed; beak
cavities very deep, compressed; posterior calluses faint.
Animal unknown.
+ QUADRULA ROCHECHOUARTI Heude.
“Unio rochechouarti HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., I, 1875, pl. v, fig. 13; “Jahrb.
Deutsch. Mal. Ges., VIII, 1881, p. 122.—*PasTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,
p. 165.
China.
(Group of Quadrula triclawa.)
Shell solid, elongate triangular, obtusely pointed at the posterior
base, with a decided posterior ridge, along which runs a row of pon-
derous knobs; beaks high and far forward; surface strongly nodulous;
posterior slope slightly corrugated; epidermis dark chestnut; pseudo-
cardinals heavy, subradial, radially striate; laterals vertically striate,
secondary lateral of right valve well developed; cavity of the beaks
enormously deep and compressed; a granular callus behind the late-
rals; nacre silvery, radially granularly striate outside the pallial line.
+QUADRULA TRICLAVA Heude.
* Unio triclavus HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., II, 1877, pl. x, figs. 21, 2la.—* PATEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 170.
China.
(Group of Quadrula bazint.)
Shell elongate-trigonal, with a fairly well developed posterior ridge,
pointed behind; beaks not high, almost at extreme front of the shell;
surface more or less covered with knobs and tubercles, which show a
tendency to an arrangement in curved lines; epidermis chestnut to
blackish; hinge strong; pseudo-cardinals radial, radiately striate; lat-
erals granular, showing traces of vertical striation; beak cavities very
deep, compressed; nacre silvery.
Animai unknown.
tQUADRULA BAZINI Heude.
* Unio bazinti HrupE, Conch. .Fluy. Nank., I, 1877, pl. 1x, fig. 20.—* P TEL, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 145.
China.
(Group of Quadrula leat.)
Shell obovate, obtusely pointed behind; posterior ridge low; whole
surface generally tuberculate or knobbed, with strong, radial, curved
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIA DES—SIMPSON, 801
ridges on the posterior slope; beaks rather low, the sculpture coarse,
irregular, broken bars, somewhat doubly looped and swollen on the
posterior ridge, with strong, radiating ridges behind them; pseudocar-
dinals solid, often compressed in the direction of the axis of the shell;
laterals granular; beak cavities moderately deep; one or more granular
calluses behind the laterals; nacre white or lurid, slightly radially
granular outside the pallial line.
Animal unknown.
tQAUDRULA LEAI Gray.
*Unio leai GRAY, Griff. Cuvier, XII, 1834, p. 600 (index), pl. xx1, fig. 1.'—* CATLow
and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 60.—~ BENson, J1. As. Soc. Calcutta, XXIV,
1855, p. 136 (p. 18, reprint).—* H. and A. ADAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.
496.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 232, pl. Lxxvuil, fig. 3.—* ? HeuDE,
Conch. Fluv. Nank., I, 1875, pl. 1v, fig. 10, pl. vi.—* GREDLER, Jahrb. Deutsch,
Mal. Ges., VIII, 1881, p. 122.—* von pane Sitzber. Nat. Fr., 1885, p. 77.—
* PATEL, comer Sam., III, 1890, p. 157
* Margar ita (Unio) leatt Esa Syn., 1856, p. AT; 1838, p. 16.
* Margaron ( Unio) leait LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 23; 1870, p. 34.
*Unio leeai HANLEY, Biy. Shells, 1843, p. 182, pl. xxu1, fig. 5
*Unio nodulosus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. 1x, fi
ae
ig. 32,
tQUADRULA LEAT var. LELECI Heude.
* Unio lelecti HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank, I, 1875, pl. ry, fig. 12
‘LER, Jahrb. Deutsch, Mal. Ges., VIII, 1881, p. 122
*Unio vichthofent VON MARTENS, 8. B. Nat. Fr. 1875, p.3; Mal. Blatt, XII, 1875, p.
187; Nov. Conch., IV, 1876, p. 156, pl. cxxxvi, figs. 1-3.—2?*PaTEL, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 165.
* Unio leai var. lelecti P& TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 157.
; V, fig. 14.—GRED-
China; Tonkin; Mekong [iver.
QUADRULA OVATA Simpson.
Unio vestitus var. a HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., VIII, 1883, pl. yvit, fig. 112; Lrx,
fig. 116.3
QUADRULA CAVEATA Heude...
* Unio caveatus HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., II, 1877, pl. xxiv, fig. 53.—* PTE,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 147.
* Unio contritus HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., VII, 1881, pl. Lv1, fig. 103.—* Pa rst,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148.
* Unio quadrangulosus HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., VII, 1881, pl. Lv1, fig. 104.—
*Pa TEL, Conch. Fluv. Nank., III, 1890, p. 164.
China.
'A very brief description is given in the index.
Von Martens, in a note at the close of Vol. IV, places his species in the synonymy
of U. lelect Heude. 1am satisfied that leleci is but a variety of U. leai Gray.
* Heude’s name is preoccupied by Lea for a Unio, I therefore change it as above.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii——51
802 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXII.
tQUADRULA CORNUUM LUN Heude.!
*Uaio montanus Heupr, Conch. Fluy. Nank., I, 1875, pl. 1v, fig. 11.—* Pret,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 159.
*Unio cornuum-lune HmrUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., VIII, 1883, pl. nvn, fig. 105.—
~ PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 149.
* Unio trisulcatus HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., VIII, 1883, pl. Lv, fig. 108.
*Unio paschalis HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., VIII, 1888, pl. Lyi, fig. 110.—
*PaTEL, Conch. Sam,, III, 1890, p. 162.
*Unio verruculosus HeupE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., VIII, 1883, pl. Lvmt, fig. 111.—
*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 171.
*Unio abortivus HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., VIII, 1883, pl. x11, fig. 124.
*Unio monticola HEuUDE, Jl. de Conech., XXXII, 1884, p. 19.
QUADRULA CORNUUM LUM£Z var. CINNAMOMEUS Gredler.
*Unio leai var. cinnamomeus GREDLER, Jahrb. Deuts. Mal. Ges., VIII, 1881, p. 122,
pl. vi, fig. 16.2—* PaTeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 157.
China.
QUADRULA SCRIPTA Heude.
* Unio scriptus HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., I, 1875, pl. 111, figs. 8, 8a.—* Pa TEL,
Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 167.
China.
QUADRULA DIVERGENS Benson.
Unio divergens BENSON, Jl. As. Soc. Beng., X XIX, 1855, p. 137.3
Chusan Island, China.
Subgenus DISCOMYA Simpson, 1900.
Shell subsolid, round obovate or subrhomboid, lenticular, rather com-
pressed, widely, faintly biangulate behind, with scarcely any vestige of a
posterior ridge; beaks very low, sculpture not seen; front half of the
shell densely covered with fine pustules arranged in curved rows in two
directions as if engine chased, over which the epidermis is wrinkled.
The hinder half is covered with fine, radiating and undulating corru-
gations, curved upward posteriorly, which are slightly nodulous and
show through on the inside of the shell; one slightly compressed pseudo-
cardinal in the right valve and two in the left; one delicate, curved
1 Virst called montanus by Heude, which was several times preoccupied in Unio.
2Gredler makes this a variety of leai, but I believe it is a rather finely sculptured
form of monticola. ‘The species varies much in the size of pustules and the degree of
its smoothness, and Heude has exalted all these variations to the rank of species. I
think it probable that when a large amount of material can be examined it will be
found necessary to reduce some of the Chinese forms I have considered as species to
the rank of varieties, or even to the synonymy.
° Benson says this is not very distantly related to Unio wndulatus Barnes. It has
never been figured, so far as I know, but from all I can learn of it it belongs in this
group and may be Q. leai.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 803
lateral in the right valve and two in the left; beak cavities deep, com-
pressed; nacre lurid; palleal line showing a slight posterior sinus.!
(Type, Unio radulosus Drouet and Chaper. )
+ QUADRULA RADULOSA Drouet and Chaper.
*Unio radulosus DROUET and CHAPER, Mem. Soc. Zool. Fr., V, 1892, p. 150, pl. v,
figs. 10-12.-—*J1. de Conch., XLI, 1893, p. 41.
+QUADRULA RADULOSA var. RHOMBOIDEA Simpson.’
Borneo.
The relationship of the following is uncertain.
UNIO NEWENHUISI Schepman.
*Unio newenhuisi SCHEPMAN, Notes Leyd. Mus., XX, 1898, p.92, pl.1, figs. 1, 2.—
*DROUET, Jl. de Conch., 1899, p. 406.
Borneo.
May be related to Unio radulosus Drouet and Chaper.
Genus SHISTODESMUS Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Unio lampreyanus Baird and Adais. )
Shell rather solid, triangular, inflated, truncate above in front, some-
what swollen just behind the center of the base, pointed behind; beaks
high; beak sculpture not seen; surface thrown up into strong, very
wide, concentric ridges, one or two with each season’s growth, and
pinched up in the central part to form a radiate row of compressed
knobs or spines; epidermis shining, greenish-yellow or brownish, having
marvelously delicate, concentric, microscopic lire, often painted with
a few elegant, broken, green rays; there is one large, high, triangular
pseudocardinal in the left valve under the beak, a deep, triangular pit
in front of it, with an erect, radial lamellar tooth in its center, and a
high, lamellar, curved tooth in front of the pit, parallel with the edge of
the shell connected with the central tooth. A heavy triangular bifid or
trifid pseudocardinal in the right valve stands close to the anterior
edge of the shell and is separated from it by a deep, compressed pit;
behind this tooth, deep down at its base, is a narrow shelf, and back of
this the entire hinge plate is cut out in a deep sinus to the beak; two
laterals in each valve; cavity of the beak in left valve deep, somewhat
compressed; in the right entirely opened by the sinus; muscle scars
sual, geek, smooth; pallial line with a sinus at its posterior end; a
aT aoe nothing of ‘he eae We his curious Naiad, SanGn seems to show
some relation to such species as Quadrula microstictus and related forms. I place
it in Quadrula with doubt.
2 There is 1 specimen in the U. S. National Museum marked Unio radulosus Drouet
and Chaper, from Borneo, which is quite rhomboid and but slightly sculptured on
the body, though it is plicate behind, which may bear the above name, It is prob-
ably a valid species.
804 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL
beautiful, granularly striate callus is developed behind the laterals;
nacre finely, often bifurcately radiate striate outside the parallel line.
Animal unknown.
+ SHISTODESMUS LAMPREYANUS Baird and Adams.
* Unio( Dysnomia)lampreyanus, BAIRD and ADAMS, Proc. Zool.Soc. Lond., 1867, p.491,
pl. xxv1, figs. 2, 2a.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxxvit, fig.
469.—* HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., VII, 1883, pl. Lrx, figs. 114, 114a, 114b.—
*Pm#HTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 156.
Margaron (Unio) tampreyanus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 30.
SHISTODESMUS SPINOSUS Simpson.
Unio vestitus var. 6, HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., VIII, 1883, pl. L1x, fig. 115.!
Genus GIBBOSULA Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Mya crassa Wood.)
Shell very solid, inequilateral, triangular-elliptical, arcuate, pointed
behind, with a low, well-marked posterior ridge; beaks rather high;
beak sculpture not seen; posterior two-thirds of the shell covered with
somewhat radiating corrugations and nodules; posterior slope having
strong subradial folds; epidermis dark; hinge plate very wide; pseudo-
cardinals not large, stumpy, rough; laterals very heavy, club shaped;
beak cavities enormously deep and compressed; anterior cicatrices
rather shallow, rough in the bottom; posterior cicatrices deep and dis-
tinct; a strong rib runs from the front part of the beak cavity toward
the posterior base; nacre whitish.
Animal unknown.
+t GIBBOSULA CRASSA Wood.
* Mya crassa Woop, Gen. Conch., 1815, p. 106, pls. Xx, xx1;? *Ind. Test., 1825, p. 12,
pl. 11, fig. 28b; *Ind. Test. Rev., 1856, p. 16, pl. 11, fig. 28.
* Mya ponderosa DiLLWyNn, Dili. Cat., I, 1817, p. 51.
* Margarita Unio ponderosus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 14; 1838, p. 14.
* Unio ponderosus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 177; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 177.—
*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 63.—* H. and A. Adams, Gen.
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.
* Margaron (Unio) ponderosus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 21; 1870, p. 32.
China.
Genus CUNEOPSIS Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Unio celtiformis Heude.)
Shell solid, elongated, wide and truncate or rounded in front, taper-
ing to a point behind; often twisted on its axis and curved to the right
‘Heude made this a variety of his Unio vestitus (which I have placed in Quadrula.
Iam satisfied that this is a Shistodesmus and distinct from lampreyanus, as it seems
to have spines instead of knobs. His name vestitus is preoccupied in Unio by Lea.)
2The name crassus had been previously applied to a Unio by Retzius, but as
Wood’s species was never placed in Unio under the specific name crassus, his name
may be used.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 805
or left; beaks rather high, anterior; beak sculpture apparently a few
coarse, subparallel nodular ridges curved up behind; posterior ridge
low, close to the hinge line, and in front of it the shell is full; surface
slightly, irregularly, concentrically striate; epidermis dark, having a
peculiar, dull, silky luster; hinge rather narrow; pseudocardinals two
in the left valve immediately under the beak, the anterior compressed,
high and nearly parallel with the outer edge of the shell, the posterior
heavy, joined to the anterior above, with a deep, triangular cavity
between; right valve with one large, triangular, anterior pseudocardinal
with a deep, triangular pit back of it, and often a small, low, com-
pressed tooth behind the pit; laterals granularly striate, beak cavities
rather deep; anterior muscle scars deep, rough at the bottom; poste-
rior scars large, long and oblique; nacre silvery, sometimes radially
striate at the edge; palleal line indented into a sinus at its posterior
end, above which is a granular, striate callus.
Animal unknown.
+CUNEOPSIS CAPITATUS Heude.
* Unio capitatus HEupDE, Jl. de Conch., XXII, 1874, p.114; * Conch. Fluy. Nank.,I,
1875, pl. 11, fig. 5.—* P&#TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 147.
China.
+CUNEOPSIS HEUDEI Heude.
*Unio heudei HevuDE (Bazin manuscript), Jl. de Conch., XXII, 1874, p. 114.—
*PAZTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155.
“Unio corderit HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., I, 1875, pl. 1, fig. 3.:\—* Parr, Conch.,
Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 149.
China.
+CUNEOPSIS CELTIFORMIS Heude.
“Unio celtiformis HEUDE, J]. de Conch., XXII, 1874, p. 113; Conch. Fluv. Nank., I,
1875, pl.1, fig. 4. —* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 147.
China.
tCUNEOPSIS PISCICULUS Heude.
* Unio pisciculus HEUDE, JI. de Conch., XXII, 1874, p. 115; *Conch. Fluy. Nank., I,
1875, pl. 1, figs. 6, 64.—* PazTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 163.
“Unio retortus VON MARTENS, Sitzber. Ges. Nat. Fr., 1875, p.4; *Mal. Blatt., XXII,
1875, p. 188; Nov. Conch., IV, 1876, p. 158, pl. CxxxvV1, figs. 3, 4.2—*P2TEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 165.
China.
+ CUNEOPSIS RUFESCENS Heude.
“Unio rufescens HrupE, Jl. de Conch., XXII, 1874, p. 118; Conch. Fluv. Nank., 1,
1375, pl.1, fig. 2.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., ITT, 1890, p. 166.
China.
‘Changed to corderi by Heude in above reference.
> Von Martens places this in the synonymy of U. pisciculus in Vol. IV of the Nova-
tites Conchologia.
806 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 3X11
Subfamily HY RIAN 4) Swainson.
(ENDOBRANCHI4:,)
Male and female shells alike, with beak sculpture radial or zigzag-
radial; marsupium occupying the inner gills only.
(ROSANORHAMPHUS.)
Beak sculpture zigzag-radial.
Genus NODULARIA Conrad, 18858.
(Type, Unio douglasiw Gray.')
Nodularia Conrad, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1853, p. 268.
Shell elliptical to elongated, pointed behind about midway up from
the base, the post-basal part produced; beak sculpture variable, irregu-
larly zigzag-radial, often breaking into nodules, and extending in many
cases over a part or all of the disk; right valve with two usually com-
pressed pseudocardinals, one above the other, the lower the more ele-
vated, separated by a parallel-sided socket, and having one lateral;
left valve with two compressed pseudocardinals, both in front of the
beaks, and two laterals; cavity of the beaks moderate, not compressed,
anterior muscle sears deep, posterior shallow, nacre white.
Animal (of N. japanensis and N. equitoria) having the inner gills
alone filled throughout their entire length with ova, forming a pad-like
marsupium, united to the abdominal sac or free from it.
Section LANCEOLARIA Conrad, 1853,
(Type, Unio grayanus Lea.)
Shell ensiform, solid, with a distinct, pinched-up posterior ridge,
rounded in front, the posterior end sharp and generally turned a little
to the right or left; beaks low, their sculpture nodulous, zigzag, often
extending more or less over the surface; pseudocardinals rather
stumpy, ragged, striate above, smooth below; anterior muscle scars
distinct, the upper round, very deep, appearing as if bored out.
Animal unknown.
+t NODULARIA GRAYANA Lea.
* Unio grayanus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 66, pl. 1x, fig. 26; Obs., I,
1834, p. 178, pl. 1x, fig. 26.—* REEVE, Conch. Syst., I, 1841, p. 118, pl.
LXXXVIU, fig. 4.--* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 177; Biv. Shells, 1843,
p. 177, pl. xxiv, fig. 5.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 59.—
*KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 167, pl. xiv, fig. 5.—* H. and A.
1A large genus of generally rather small species, very abundant in individuals,
and distributed from the Amoor River throughout the mainland of all southeastern
Asia and all of Africa except the region bordering on the Mediterranean. Some ot
the African species are so close to Asiatic forms of the cwruleus group that they can
hardly be separated specifically.
NO. 1205. ‘ SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 807
ApAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.—* CuHENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 142, tig.
700.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxv, fig. 191.—* HrupE, Conch.
Fluv. Nank., II, 1877, pl. x v1, fig. 36.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 154.
* Margarita (Unio) grayanus LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 14.
* Margaron (Unio) grayanus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 21; 1870, p. 32.
*Unio grayit GRIFFITH, Grif. Cuv., XII, 1834, pl. x x1, fig. 3.!
China.
t+NODULARIA GLADIOLUS Heude.
* Unio gladiolus HEUDE, C. Fluy. Nank., II, 1877, pl. Xv1, fig. 35.—* P&TEL, Conch,
Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 154.
China.
+NODULARIA TRIFORMIS Heude.
* Unio triformis Heupe, Conch. F. Nank., II, 1877, pl. Xvt, fig. 34.
* Unio distortus HEupE, Conch. F. Nank., VIII, 1883, pl. Lx, figs. 122, 122b.—
*PHETEL, C. Sam., III, 1890, p. 151.
China.
+NODULARIA OXYRHYNCHUS von Martens.
* Unio oxyrhynchus VON MARTENS, Mal. Blatt, VII, 1861, p. 57.—* KoBELT, Abh.
Senck. Nat. Ges., XL, 1879, p. 420, pl. x11, figs. 3, 4. —* PFEIFFER, Nov. Conch.,
V, 1879, p. 192, pl. cLvu1, figs. 4,6.—* Pa&TEL, C.Sam., III, 1890, p. 162.—* von
IHERING, Abh. Senck. N. Ges., XVIII, 1893, p. 156.
Japan.
Section CYLINDRICA Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Nodularia cylindrica Simpson. )
Shell inflated, *solid, cylindrical, smooth, with a rounded posterior
ridge; teeth heavy, pseudocardinals radiate, curved.
NODULARIA CYLINDRICA Simpson.
* Unio grayanus SCHRENCK,? Reis. und Forsch. im Am. Lande, 1867, p. 694, pl. XX VII,
figs. 1-3.
Nodularia cylindrica SIMpsoNn, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 84.
Amur land.
Section NODULARIA Conrad, 1853.
(Type, Unio douglasie Gray.)
Characters the same as the genus.
(Group of Nodularia douglasie. )
Shell olive to blackish, subsolid; surface generally more or less cov-
ered with nodules arranged in subradiating or chevron-shaped patterns.
1T have seen a curious shell in the collection of Mr. Bryant Walker shaped some-
thing like the N. grayana, but quite heavy and decidedly inflated in the post-basal
region. It may be an old grayana, but is so eroded that I can not be certain.
‘Schrenck supposes this to be the Unio grayanus of Lea, but it is very different.
It is a large, heavy, cylindrical shell, apparently without sculpture, and the figure
does not show plainly whether it has any posterior ridge. A large form between
grayanus and oxyrhynchus is found in Korea, according to von Martens, Sitzber. Nat.
Fr., 1885, p. 77.
808 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XSI.
tNODULARIA DOUGLASIZ Gray.'!
s ae douglasie Gray, Griff. An. King., XII, 1833, (p. 601 index, 1834), pl. xx1, fig.
—* P2#TEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 151.
pe murchisonianus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 33, pl. 111, fig. 6; *Obs., I,
1834,p. 145, pl. 111, fig. 6. —* Hantry, Test. Moll. ,1842,p. 177; * Biv. Shells,1843,
p. 177, pl. xx, fig. 53.—* CaTtow and pov, Conch. None 1845, p. 61.—
*KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 166, pl. xLviut, figs. 3, 4.—*H. and A.
ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.—* CHENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 142, fig.
701.—* SowrerBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxviil, fig. 207.—* P&TEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 160.—“ von IHERING, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., X VIII,
1893, p. 159.
* Margarita (Unio) murchisonianus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 14; 1838, p. 14.
* Margaron ( Unio) murchisonianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 21; 1870, p. 32.
* Unio osbecki PHILIPPI, Zeits. fiir Mal., 1845, p. 164; *Conch., III, 1847, p. 45, pl.
i, fig. 1.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., IJ, 1857, p. 497.—* Kusrrr,
Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 236, pl. LXxIx, fig. 3.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon.,
XVI, 1868, pl. LxIx, fig. 353.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 162.
* Margaron ( Unio) osbecki Lra, Syn , 1852, p. 21; 1870, p. 39,
*t Unio nux-persicus DUNKER, Zeits. fiir Mal., 1818, p. 88.°—* MUSGRAVE, Phot.
Conch., 1865, pl.1, fig. 10.—*SoOWERByY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxx111,
fig. 373; ~ Parr, Conch, Sam., III, 1890, p. 161.
* Margaron (Unio) nux-persicus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 32.
*t Unio wrightii Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sei., Phila., IX, 1865, p.75; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VI, 1868, p. 283, pl. xxxIXx, fig. 97; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 43, pl. xxxrx, fig. 97.
| OYTO (Unio) wrightit LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 32.
“Unio sculptus DEsHAYES, Bull. Nouv. Arch. Mus., LX, 1873, p. 9, pl. 1, figs. 3, 3a.—
* HEUDE, Conch. F. Nank., III, 1877, pl. xxrv, fig.51.—* P&TSL, Conch. Sam.,
IIT, 1890, p. 167.
*Unio dactylinus HEUDE, Conch. F. Nank., 1885, pl. Lxv.3
=2Unio pictorum var. longirostris WESTERLUND, Kong so. vet. Ak. Hand, XIV, No.
12, p. 74.4
Unio schrenckt WESTERLUND. Where described?
Unio abbreviatus WESTERLUND. Where described ?*
+ NODULARIA DOUGLASI4 var. SHANGHAIENSIS Lea.
“+ Unio shanghaiensis Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p.153;5 *J1. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 242, pl. xxxvi, fig. 121; * Obs., VII, 1860, p. 60, pl. xxxvI,
fig. 121.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. x x1, fig. 96.—* P4& TEL, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 167.
0) Mioinictor um var. amurensis MOUSSON, J].de Conch. by ANY, 1887, p.26, pl.1, fig. 8.
'The plate in Griffith's Cie ier on Aen hig. species is figured bears date of 1833,
and the names of the species are designated on it. The brief description (in the
index) was published in 1834, the date of the work. Lea’s Unio murchisonianus was
not published until 1854. This species has an immense distribution and varies
greatly in form and degree of sculpture.
2An author’s shell in the Lea collection is certainly a young U. douglasic.
’'This and U. firmus and chloreus with others are given as varietal names and lettered,
4Credited by Westerlund to Amurland. Unio pictorum, or varieties of it, have
several times been credited to this region, but no doubt erroneously. This species
is always darker when adult than the well-known European species, and has totally
different beak sculpture. The two shells often resemble each other closely in form.
5Specimens of shells bearing the above names, labeled by Westerlund, are in the
U. 8. National Museum.
5A smooth form of douglasiw, possibly worthy of a varietal name.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAITADES—SIMPSON. 809
}NODULARIA DOUGLASIZ var. NIPPONENSIS von Martens. !
* Unio nipponensis VON MARTENS, S. B. Nat. Fr., 1877, p. 119.—* Koper, Abh.
Senck. Nat. Ges., XI, 1879, p. 422, pl. xu, fig. 3.—* PaTe., Conch. Sam., III,
1820, p. 161.—* von IneRING, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XVIII, 1893, p. 160.
China; Amurland; Japan.
+ NODULARIA DORRI Wattebled.
* Unio dorrt WATTEBLED J]. de Conch., XXXIV, 1886, p. 71, pl. v, fig. 5,—* PETEL,
Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 151.
Cochin China; Anam; Mekong river.
NODULARIA DIGITIFORMIS Sowerby.
* Unio digitiformis SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxy, fig. 333.—* Pare,
Conch. Sam., ITT, 1890, p. 150. ?
India.
(Group of Nodularia japanensis.)
Shell solid, elliptical, subrhomboid or oval, biangulate, rounded or
pointed behind and often produced at the posterior base; posterior
ridge low or scarcely developed; beaks moderately full; sculpture zig-
zag radial; surface of the valves concentrically striate or more or less
covered with corrugated chevron-shaped sculpture which often becomes
somewhat nodulous; epidermis greenish and sometimes rayed in young
shells, becoming brown or blackish when adult.
Animal having the inner gills wider than the outer in front, equal
behin<, free from the abdominal sac throughout, united to the mantle
to the extreme posterior point; palpi rather large, long; mantle double
on the border and toothed below; branchial opening large, with well-
developed, brown papille; anal opening large, with small tubercular
papillz on its inner edge, covered with wart-like papille inside; super-
anal opening not closed below.°
tNODULARIA JAPANENSIS Lea.
“Unio japanensis Lra, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 153; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.,
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 244, pl. xxxvI, fig. 123; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 62, pl. xxxvI, fig.
123.—-* VON MARTENS, Mal. BI., VII, 1861, p.55.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio,
1862, p. 227, pl. xcru, fig. 4.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI,1868,pl. LXxx, fig.
420,—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155.—* von InErRING, Abh. Senck.
Nat. Ges., X VIII, 1893, p. 157.
mainland, though I have seen nothing that exactly agrees with Kobelt’s figure. The
ordinary form of douglasie is found also in Japan.
*This seems to stand between this group and that of N. grayanus.
*The shells of some of the species of this group are very different from the normal
Nodularia, being covered with roughish epidermis and apparently lacking sculpture.
Others, however, show occasional sculpture, and the young shells have the green
epidermis characteristic of the group.
810 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
NODULARIA JAPANENSIS var. JOKOHAMENSIS von Ihering.
“Unio japanensis KoBELY Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XI, 1879, p. 423, pl. x11, figs. 1, 2.1
* Unio yokohamensis VON IHERING, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XVIII, 1893, p. 158.
Japan.
tNODULARIA HACONENSIS von Ihering.
* Unio haconensis VON IMERING, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., X VIII, 1893, p. 161, fig. 3.
Japan.
NODULARIA BRANDTII Kobelt.
* Unio brandtii KoBELT, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XI, 1879, p. 426, pl. xxi, fig. 15.—
*PxereL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 146.—* voNIHERING, Abh. Senck. Nat.Ges.,
MOVIL, 1893, p. 157. 2
Japan.
NODULARIA BIW Kobelt.
* Unio biw@ KoBELT, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XI, 1879, p. 425, pl. xxi, figs. 2-4.—
*PaETEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 146.—* von IHERING, Abh. Senck. Nat.
Ges., XVII, 1898, p. 157.
Japan.
NODULARIA OMIENSIS von Heimburg.
* Unio omiensis VON HEIMBURG, Nach. Deuts. Mal. Ges., XVI, 1884, p. 93; *Jahr-
buch Mal. Ges., XIV, 1887, p. 2, pl. 1, figs. 2, 3.—* PaT=1, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 761.
Province of Omi, Japan.
(Group of Nodularia reiniana.)
Shell elliptical oval, very solid, truncated in front and somewhat
biangulate behind, slightly produced at the posterior base; beak sculp-
ture not known; pseudocardinals heavy, elongated, parallel with the
dorsal line. Animal unknown.’
NODULARIA REINIANA Kobelt.
* Unio reinianus Koprit, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XI, 1879, p. 424, pl. xxm1, fig.
1.—* von InERING, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XVIII, 1893, p. 157.
Japan.
(Group of Nodularia sagittaria.)
Shell elongated, the hinder point above the middle of the shell, with
a sharp posterior ridge and a faint ridge above it; beaks rather low,
'Kobelt figured this for Lea’sspecies, and it seems to me to bean old, solid, slightly
arcuate form, possibly worthy of a varietal name.
2It is quite probable that this and the preceding species are only varieties of
N. japanensis.
3’The beaks of the specimen figured are greatly eroded. I can not be certain as to
the relationship of this curious form, but it probably is a Nodularia.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 811
their sculpture irregularly radial; disks finely concentrically striate,
not otherwise sculptured ; epidermis yellowish olive, cloth-like; pseudo-
cardinals greatly elongated, compressed, sometiines dentellate under the
beaks; laterals long, compressed. Animal unknown.
+ NODULARIA SAGITTARIA Lea.
*Unio sagittarius LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1856, p. 93; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
III, 1857, p. 298, pl. xxvI, fig. 12; * Obs., VI, 1857, p. 18, pl. xxv1, fig. 12.
* Margaron (Unio) sagittarius LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 58.
*t Unio dugasti MORLET, Jl. de Conch., XL, 1892, p. 86; * XLI, 1893, p. 156, pl. v1,
fig. 4.1
Siam; Cambodia.
(Group of Nodularia ceruieda.)
Shell elliptical, inflated, pointed about midway up behind, the post-
basal region produced, with a well developed posterior ridge; beaks
sculptured with numerous fine, radiating riblets, the central ones of
which join below, the whole often more or less zigzagged and extend-
ing well over the disk; epidermis generally bluish green. Animal
unknown.
+t NODULARIA CAERULEA Lea.
*Unio ceruleus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 95, pl. x11, fig. 25; *Obs, I,
1834, p. 105, pl. x1, fig. 25.—*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 194; *Biv.
Shells, 1843, p. 194, pl. xx, fig. 49.—*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845,
p. 56.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II. 1857, p. 493.—*CHENU, III.
Conch., 1858, pl. x v1, figs. 3, 3a, 3b.—-* KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 228,
pl. Lxxvu, fig. 4.—*SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xu11, fig. 230.—
*HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 6, pl. x11, figs. 3, 3a.—*PaTEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148.
*Margarita (Unio) ceruleus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 26; 1838, p. 20.
*Margaron (Unio) ceruleus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 30; 1870, p. 47.
* Unio gerbidoni EYDOUX, Guer. Mag., 1838, p. 9, pl. CX VIII, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.—* HANLEY
and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p.6, pi. xu, fig. 2.—* P& Tex, Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 153.
*tUnio substriatus Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p.93; *Obs., VI, 1857,
p. 20, pl. xxvI, fig. 14; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IIL, 1858, pl. x xvi, fig. 14.
* Margaron (Unio) substriatus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 47.
*+ Unio humilis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p.93; *Obs., VI, 1857, p. 16,
pl. xxvi, fig. 10; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1858, p. 296, pl. xxvu, fig. 10.—
*P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155.
*Margaron (Unio) humilis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 32.
*Unio corrianus KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 229, pl. LX VII, fig. 5.
*t Unio leioma BENSON, Ann. and Mag., 1862, p. 192.—* HANLEY and THEOBALD,
Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 6, pl. x11, fig. 6.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 157.
*t Unio pilatus Lia, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., X, 1866, p. 133; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI,
1868, p. 281, pl. xxxvill, fig. 95; * Obs., XII, 1869, p. 41, pl. xxxviIl, fig. 95.
*+ Margaron (Unio) pilatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 47.
*t Unio evitatus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., X, 1868, p. 133; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI,
1868, p. 279, pl. xxxvull, fig. 92; * Obs., XII, 1869, p. 39, pl. xxx vill, fig. 92.
1 This group seems to stand in part between section Lanceolaria and Nodularia.
812 . PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
* Margaron ( Unio) evitatus La, Syn., 1870, p. 47.
* Unio trirostris SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxv, fig. 331.
? Unio andersonianus NEVILL, Jl. As. Soc. Beng., XLVI, 1877, p. 40; Researches
Yun. Exp. 1877, p. 900, pl. Lxxx, figs. 8, 12.!
India; southeast Asia.
: +NODULARIA TERETIUSCULA Philippi.
* Margarita (Unio) cailliaudi Lua, Syn., 1838, p. 24.
* Margaron (Unio) cailliaudi LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 36; 1870, p. 58.2 Wee:
*Unio teretiusculus PHiLippI, Conch., III, 1847, p. 45, pl. m1, fig. 3.3—*? KusTER,
Conch. Cab., 1856, p. 183, pl. xx xv, fig.5.—* SowERBy,Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868,
pl. LXxV, fig. 389.—* JIcKELI, Faun. N. O. Af., 1874, p. 276, pl. x1, figs. 1-3.—
*PasTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 169.—* von MarTENS, Besch. Deuts.
Ost-Af., 1897, p. 229.
Unio lithophagus ZIEGLER, manuscript, probably.
Upper Nile drainage.
NODULARIA LEDOULXIANA Charmes.
* Unio ledoulxianus CHARMES, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., II, 1885, p.173.—* BOURGUIGNAT,
Moll. Af. Eq., 1889, p. 194.—* VON MarRTENS, Besch., 1897, p. 229.4
Central Africa.
NODULARIA GAUDICHAUDI Eydoux.
“Unio gaudichaudi KyDoux, Guer. Mag., 1838, p. 10, pl. cxviul, fig. 3.—*H. and A.
ADAMS,Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—*P.TEL,Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 153.
*Margaron (Unio) gaudichaudi La, Syn., 1850, p.32; 1870, p.50.
Small streams of Bengal.
NODULARIA KERAUDRENI Eydoux.
“Unio keraudreni KyDOUX, Guer. Mag., 1838, p.8, pl. cxvul, figs. 1, la.—*H. and
A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., IT, 1857, p. 494.—* Parr, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,
p. 156.
*Margaron (Unio) keraudrent LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 30; 1870, p. 46.
Itivers and swamps of Bengal.
1T have not seen the figure of andersonianus, but Nevill states that it is near
ceruleus. The Nodularia cerulea isan abundant and very widely distributed form,
and therefore quite variable in size, form, solidity, color, and sculpture, and it is
possible that other so-called species should be merged with it. Some of the above
might rank as varieties, but I can hardly separate them.
? Lea credits this name to Ferussac manuscript. So faras I know neither Ferussac
or anyone else has ever described it. Lea makes U. teretiusculus a synonym of it in
his Synopsis.
-3Philippi’s figure is a little more rounded posteriorly than are any of the shells I
have seen from Africa bearing this name. After a critical comparison of numerous
specimens, which are undoubtedly of African origin, I can only place this in the
coeruleus group (with which it agrees in every essential character) and close to cwruleus
itself. There are other undoubtedly close relations between species of Naiades of the
Ethiopian and Oriental regions.
4Unfigured. Von Martens places it inthe group of U. teretiusculus.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAILADES—SIMPSON. 813
+ NODULARIA SHURTLEFFIANA Lea.
*Unio shurtlefianus Ln, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VIII, 1856, p.94; * Obs., VI, 1857, p.
22, pl. XXVU, fig. 17; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., ITI, 1858, p. 302, pl. xx vu, fig. 17.—
*PETEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 167.
* Margaron ( Unio) shurtlefianus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 32.
India; Siam.
+NODULARIA OCCATA Lea.
* Unio occatus, LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1V, 1860, p.307; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VI, 1863, p. 398, pl. L, fig. 304; * Obs., X, 1863, p. 34, pl. L, fig. 304.—*SowERBy,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lx xix, fig. 412.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,
p. 161. :
* Margaron ( Unio) occatus, LEA, Syu., 1870, p. 31.
* t Unio macilentus, BENSON, Ann. and Mag., X, 1862, p. 187.—* HANLEY and THEO-
BALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 5, pl. X, figs. 2,4; p. 62, pl. CLIV, fig.5.—* PaTeEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 158.
* Unio rugosus, HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 62, pl. CLI, fig. 3.
India.
NODULARIA MOSSAMBICENSIS von Martens.
~ Unio mossambicensis VON MARTENS (Peter's manuscript), Mal. Bl., VI, 1860, p. 218,
pl. 111, figs. 3-5.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 160.—* von Marrens,
Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 225, pl. v1, fig. 2.
* Unio sennariensis var. VON MARTENS, Mal. B1., X XI, 1873, p. 43.
* Unio parreysi (v. d. Busch.) var. schwinefurthti VON MARTENS, Noy. Conch., LV,
1876, p. 140, pl. cXxxIJ, figs. 3-5, |
Sennaar. northeast Africa; Mosambique, Zambezi River.
tNODULARIA INORNATA Lea.
“Unio inornatus La, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VITI, 1856, p.93; *Obs., VI, 1857, p. 13,
pl. xx1v, fig.6; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IIT, 1858, p. 293, pl. xxrv, fig. 6.—* Von
MARTENS, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, p. 15.—* MORELET, Ser. Conch., LY, 1875,
p. 352.—P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155.
* Margaron ( Unio) inornatus Lra, Syn., 1870, p. 47.
Siam; Cambodia.
tNODULARIA PACHYSOMA Benson.
* Unio pachysoma BENSON, Ann. and Mag., X, 1862, p.186.—* HANLEY and THEOBALD,
Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 6, pl. x11, fig. 1.
“Margaron ( Unio) pachysoma Lna, Syn., 1870, p. 63.
“Unio pachystoma PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 152.
Assam.
t NODULARIA BONNEAUDI Eydoux.
* Unio bonneaudi EYDoux, Guer. Mag., 1838, p. 10, pl. cx1x, figs. 1, lu.n—* H. and A.
ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868,
'This species seems to be close to N. occata, but is thinner and of delicate texture.
Iam not certain of its exact affinities. I am sure that it is not a variety of N.
mossanbicensis.
814 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL, XXII.
pl. xcv, fig. 515.—* HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p.5, pl. x, fig.
6.—ANDERSON, Yunnun Exp., 1878, p. 900, pl. LXxx, figs. 8-12.—* P&TEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 146.
* Margaron (Unio) bonneaudi Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p. 50.
India.
+NODULARIA TUMIDULA Lea.
“Unio tumidulus LEA, Pr. Ac.N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p.93; *Obs., VI, 1857, p. 15,
p). xxv, fig.9; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1858, p. 295, pl. xxv, fig. 9.—*von
MaRrTENS, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, p. 15.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI,
1868, pl. LXX XIX, fig. 482.—* MORELET, Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p. 351.—* PmTEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 170.
* Margaron (Unio) tumidulus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 39.
Siam, Cambodia.
+NODULARIA ASPERULA Lea.
* Unio inornatus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xx1x, fig. 147.!
* Unio asperulus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., X, 1866, p. 133; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VI, 1868, p. 280, pl. xxxvu, fig. 94; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 40, pl. xxxvii,
fig. 94.
* Margaron (Unio) asperulus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 31.
* Margaron (Unio) versus La, Syn., 1870, p. 46.
Siam; Cambodia.
NODULARIA ANCEPS Deshayes.
* Unio anceps DESHAYES, Nouv. Arch.de Mus., X, 1874, p. 127, pl. v1, figs. 8-12.—
*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 144.
Cambodia.
+NODULARIA PUGIO Benson.
* Unio pugio BENSON, Ann. and Mag., X, 1862, p. 193.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon.,
XVI, 1868, pl. xcv, fig. 516.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 164.?
Burma.
NODULARIA MICHELOTI L. Morlet.
“Unio micheloti LL. MORLET, J]. de Conch., 1886, pp. 77, 291, pl. x11, figs. 6, 6a.——
*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 159.
Tonkin.
NODULARIA FLUCTIGER Lea.
* Unio fluctiger LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 152; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1860, p. 250, pl. XxX X1X, fig. 130; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 68, pl. XXxIXx, fig. 130.—
*KustmEr, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 237, pl. Lxxx, fig. 1.—*SOWERBy,
Conch. Icon., X VI, 1866, pl. x11, fig. 299.
* Margaron (Unio) fluctiger Lua, Syn., 1870, p. 32.
Southeast Asia, no doubt.
1T believe that Reeve’s U. inornatus = Lea’s U. asperulus. As Lea had used the
name inornatus previous to Reeve for a Unio, he changed the name of the latter to
U. versus.
2A shell labeled Unio bowvieri Nevill in the collection of Frederick Stearns in
Detroit is, I believe, the same as U. pugio Benson. I do not know if Nevill ever
described U. bouvieri or whether it is only a manuscript name.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 815
tNODULARIA SCOBINATA Lea.
“Unio scobinata Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 93; * Obs., VI, 1857,
p. 19, pl. xxv1, fig. 138; *JI. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1858, p. 299, pl. XXVI, fig.
13.—* VON MARTENS, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, p. 15.—*Sowrrsy, Conch.
Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LX1H, fig. 313.—* MorrLetT, Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p.
354, pl. xvui, figs. 2-6.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 167.
* Margaron ( Unio) scobinatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 32.
*Unio mandarinus MORELET, JI. de Conch., XII, 1863, p. 159.—* Pare, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 158. ¢
*Unio pellis-lacerti MORELET, Jl. de Conch, XIII, 1865, p. 22.—* SOWERBY, Conch.
Tcon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXXXVI, fig. 457.—* MORELET, Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p.
355, pl. xvul, fig. 5.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 162.
* Unio venustus MORELET, Jl. de Conch., XIV, 1866, p. 63.—-* Paste, Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 171.
*Unio oblatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 64.!
Siam; Cochin-China; Cambodia.
NODULARIA GRATIOSA Philippi.2
* Unio gratiosus PHILIPPI, Conch., I, 1845, p. 20, pl. 1, fig. 5.—* CaTLow and REEVE,
Conch. Nom., 1845, p.59.—*? Kuster, Conch. Cab, Unio, 1861, p. 239, pl. Lxxx,
fig. 3.
* Margaron (Unio) gratiosus La, Syn., 1870, p. 32.
India probably; Philippi’s locality, New Holland, is certainly an
error.
+ NODULARIA CRISPATA Gould.
* Unio crispata GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1, 1843, p. 141; *Otia Conch., 1862,
p. Lgl
* Unio crispatus CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58.—* HANLEY and
THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 21, pl. xLv, fig. 1.—* PTEL, Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 149.
*Margaron (Unio) crispatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 32.
British Burma.
+tNODULARIA NUCLEUS Lea.
“Unio nucleus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p.94; *Obs., VI, 1857,
p- 26, pl. xxvinl, fig. 21; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., ILI, 1858, p. 303, pl. xxvitl,
fig. 21.
* Margaron (Unio) nucleus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 30.
Siam.
+NODULARIA PHASELUS Lea.
“Unio phaselus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 94; *Obs., VI, 1857,
Daeipe ply x xevi ioe Ace Nee oc ebhilay Mile 1858; p. 297. nplexoxva,
fig. 11.
* Margaron (Unio) phaselus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 32.
Siam.
‘New name for Unio renustus Morelet, preoccupied by Lea.
> Philippi’s figure is not very distinct, and I can not be sure of what it is, only that
it seems to be a member of this group that I can hardly connect with anything else.
He credits it to Parreyss.
816 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXII.
NODULARIA SCOBINA Hanley.
*Unio scobina HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1856, p. 382, pl. x xt, fig. 40..—* HANLEY and
I p) I ? } to)
THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 22, pl. XLVI, figs. 2, 3.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 167.
Assam.
(Group of Nodularia pazii.)
Shell thin, with the hinder point long drawn out; posterior ridge
double, low, and sharp, the dorsal line above it straight or incurved;
beak sculpture not seen; surface of the shell smooth, dull olive colored;
teeth exceedingly compressed; pseudocardinals long, lamellar.
+NODULARIA PAZII.
*Unio pazit LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1862, p. 176; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VI, 1866, p. 61, pl. xx1, fig. 60; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 65, pl. xxi) figs 60—
* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VI, 1868, pl. xcu, fig. 502.
* Margaron (Unio) pazit Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 39.
China; Siam; Cambodia.
NODULARIA JOURDYI L. Morlet.
* Unio jourdyi MoRLET, J1. de Conch., 1886, p. 289, pl. x11, figs. 5, 5a.
Tonkin.
+ NODULARIA INGALLSIANA Lea.
* Unio ingallsianus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil Soc., X, 1852, p. 282, pl. xxiv, fig.41; ~Obs.,
V, 1852, p. 38, pl. xXrv, fig. 41.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857,
p.491.—* REEve, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxvi, fig. 126.—* MoRELET,
Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p. 351.—* PTE, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155.
*Margaron (Unio) ingallsianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p.36; 1870, p. 58.
Cochin-China; Sim; Cambodia.
(Group of Nodularia trompi.)
Shell small, subtrapezoidal, wider behind, slightly inflated, with a
rounded posterior ridge; beaks full, sculpture not seen; surface covered
with very fine, nodulous, somewhat zigzag corrugations, with upeurved
posterior ridges on the posterior slope; epidermis reddish brown or
black; hinge teeth compressed; pseudocardinals vertically striate.
t NODULARIA TROMPI Drouet and Chaper.
* Unio trompit DROUET and CHAPER, Mem. Soc. Zool. Fr., V, 1892, p. 153, pl. v1,
figs. 8-10; Jl. de Conch., XLI, 1893, p. 45.
Borneo.
(Group of Nodularia olivaria.)
Shell thin, inflated, blue green or olive green, smooth, shining, with
two or more faint ridges on the posterior slope; beaks and disk almost
or quite destitute of sculpture; teeth greatly compressed, lamellar.
1 Credited to Benson manuscript.
NO. 1205. . SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON, 817
+t NODULARIA OLIVARIA Lea.
* Unio olivarius Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soe., IV, 1831, p. 108, pl. xvi, fig. 38; *Obs.,
I, 1834, p. 118, pl. xvi, fig. 38.—* HANLEy, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 195; * Biv.
Shells, 1843, p. 195, pl. xx11, fig. 32.—* H. and A. ADAms, Gen. Ree. Moll., IT,
1857, p. 494.—* CHENU, Jl. Conch., 1858, pl. vin, figs. 11, 11a, 11b.—* KustTEr,
Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 244, pl. Lxxxu1, fig. 2.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon.,
XVI, 1866, pl. XxxvI, fig. 195.—* HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876,
é Dp. );.pl.x, fig. 1.—PaTEL, Conch. Sam., iI, 1890, p. 161.
* Margarita ( Unio) olivarius LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 26; 1838, p. 20; 1852, p. 30; 1870, p. 47.
* Unio pumilio KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 268, pl. xc, fig. 7.
India.
+NODULARIA NUTTALLIANA Lea.
*Unio nuttallianus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1856, p.103; * Obs., VI, 1857
p00; pl. Xxx, Mg. 25; Jl. Ac. N. Sev. Phila. TI, 1858) p. 310) pl. xxx, fis.
25.—* HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 19, pl. xut, figs. 5, 6.—
*P@ETEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p, 161.
* Margaron (Unio) nuttallianus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 74.
India.
NODULARIA INVOLUTA Benson.
*Unio involutus BENSON, Hanley Biv. Shells, 1856, p. 385, pl. xxii, fig. 19.—
* HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p:19, pl. xt, fig. 2.—* Pa Tr.,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 156.
* Margaron (Unio) involutus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 37.
* Unio involuta SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxx1v, fig. 177.
Assam.
Group of Nodularia contradens.)
Shell inflated, obovate, rhomboid, with a slight swelling at the post
base, and a well-developed posterior ridge; beaks full and high, the
sculpture consisting of wavy, zigzag ridges which often extend over
the shell as somewhat nodulous corrugations; pseudocardinals obliquely
or vertically striate; laterals curved, cavity of the beaks rather shallow.
+NODULARIA CONTRADENS Lea.
*Unio contradens LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 75, pl. xviu, fig. 58; *Obs., II,
1838, p. 75, pl. Xvi, fig. 58.—* TroscHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 237.—
*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 209; Biv. Shells; 1843, p. 209, pl. xxu1, fig. 8.—
*CaTLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.57.—* H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec.
Moll , II, 1857, p. 492.—* CHENU, Il. Conch., 1858, pl. xxix, figs. 4, 4a, 4b.—
* REEVE, Conch. [con., XVI, 1865, pl. Xx1x, fig. 149.—* PmTe., Conch. Sam.,
II, 1890, p. 148.
* Margarita (Unio) contradens La, Syn., 1838, p. 25.
* Margaron (Unio) contradens LEA, Syn., 1852, p.39; 1870, p. 46.
*+ Unio javanus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 285; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc, VIII,
1842, p. 220, pl. xvimi, fig. 37; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 58, pl. xvii, fig. 86.—*H. and
A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—* CuEnu, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl.
XXVUI, figs. 4, 4a, 4b.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 188, pl. xu, fig. 3;
1861, p. 236, pl. LX XIX, figs. 4,6.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., X VI, 1868, pl. xc,
fig. 489.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155.
Proce. N. M. vol. xxii 52
o
818 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
*Margaron (Unio) javanus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 30.
* Unio exilis DUNKER, Zeits. fiir Mal., III., 1846, p. 109.—Mousson, L. und S. W.
Moll. Java, 1849, p. 92, pl. xv1, fig. 3 Bb
*Margaron (Unio) exilis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29.
*Unio mutatus Mousson, L. cama S. W. Moll. Java, 1849, p. $2, pl. xv1, figs. 1, 2;
Zeits. fiir Mal., VII, 1851, p.46; *H. and A. ApDAms, Gen. Ree. Moll., IT, 1857, p.
GL Dros, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 160.
*Margaron (Unio) mutatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29.
*Unio mederianus KustER,! Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 242, pl. Lxxx, fig. 7.—
*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 158.
Java.
+NODULARIA DIMOTA Lea.
* Unio sumatreensis, LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 153; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 239, pl. Xxx1v, fig. 118; Ober VII, 1860, p. 57. pl. XxxIv,
fig, 118.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 169.
* Margaron (Unio) dimotus, Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 30.— * PmTE., Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 150.°
Sumatra.
NODULARIA FISCHERIANIA L. Morlet.
*Unio fischerianus, L. MORLET, Jl. de Conch., XXXT, 1883, p. 109, pl. Iv, fig. 6.—
* PmTeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 152.
Cambodia.
+ NODULARIA ANODONTFORMIS Tapperone-Canefri.
* Unio (Microdontia) anodonteformis TAPPERONE-CANEFRI, Ann. Mus. Genov.,
XIX, 1883, p. 295, pl. x1, figs. 3-5.
* Unio anodonteformis PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 144.
New Guinea.
+ NODULARIA SACELLUS Drouet and Chaper.
* Unio sacellus DROUET and CHAPER, Mem. Soc. Zool. Fr., V, 1892, p. 148, pl. v,
figs. 4-6; Jl. de Conch., XLI, 1893, p. 43. :
Borneo.
| NODULARIA LUGENS Drouet and Chaper.*
* Unio lugens DROUET and CHAPER, Mem. Soc. Zool. Fr., V, 1892, p. 147, pl. v,
figs. 1-3.--* DrovET, Jl. de Conch., XLI, 1893, p. 44.
Borneo.
1Kuster credits this to Mousson, Conch. of Java, p. 92. I know of no such work,
and the name is not found in Mousson’s L. und Suss. W. Moll. von Java.
2Changed to this name by Lea because sumatreensis was preoccupied for a Unio by
Dunker.
3This species varies much in sculpture, and shows the connection between the
nearly smooth contradens and the strongly corrugated forms like rusticus and ~
dautzenbergi. It is really verysclose to contradens.
4I am doubtful whether these two are more than varieties of the same thing.
The N. lugens is darker colored and seems to lack a little tubercle on the hinge,
which is sometimes present in sacellus.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 819
+NODULARIA FULVASTER Drouet and Chaper.
*Unio fulvaster DROUET and CHAPER, Mem. Soc. Zool. de Fr., V, 1892, p. 154, pl.
VI, figs. 11-13.—*DRovET, Jl. de Conch., XLI, 1893, p. 45.
Borneo.
NODULARIA SEMIDECORATA L. Morlet.
*Unio semidecoratus LL. MorytetT, Jl. de Conch., XXXVII, 1889, p. 192, pl. vin,
fig. 4.
River Srakeo, Siam.
+ NODULARIA RUSTICA Lea.
*Unio rusticus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 93; *Obs., VI, 1857, p. 14,
pl. xxv, fig. 7.—*Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1858, p. 294, pl. xxv, fig. 7.—*Vvon
MARTENS, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, p. 14.—* MORELET, Ser. Conch., IV, 1875,
p. 353, pl. xv, fig. 7.—*PTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 166.
* Margaron (Unio) rusticus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 31.
* Unio paivanus MORELET, Jl. de Conch., XIII, 1865, p .227.
* Unio cambojensis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. XL, fig. 231.—*PaTEL,
Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 147.
Siam; Cambodia.
tNODULARIA DAUTZENBERGI L. Morlet.
“ Unio dautzenbergi MORLET, Jl. de Conch., XXXVII, 1889, p. 190, pl. vu, fig. 5.
River Srakeo, Siam.
NODULARIA SOBOLUS Fischer.
* Unio siamensis MORLET, Jl. de Conch., XX XVII, 1889, p. 194, pl. vi, fig. 2.
* Unio sobolus FISCHER, Bull. Soc. d’ Autun., 1891, p. 227.!
Siam.
NODULARIA VERBECKI Bottger.
* Unio verbecki BOTTGER, Zool. Erg. Nied. Ost. Ind., IV, 1897, p. 89, pl. v, figs. 1,
2, 4, 5.—* PHTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 171.
Sumatra.
tNODULARIA ORIENTALIS Lea.?
* Unio orientalis LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 285; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII,
1842, p. 221, pl. xvi, fig. 38; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 59, pl. xviu, fig. 38.—
*H.and A, ADams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.491.—* CuEeNnu, Ill. Conch,
1858, pl. xx xu, figs. 6, 6a, 6b.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 241, pl.
LXXX, fig. 16.—* VON MARTENS, Mal. B1., XIV, 1866, p. 15.—* SowERBY, Conch.
Icon., XVI, pl. xct, fig. 491.—* P& TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 162.
1Changed from siamensis to sobolus because the former was preoccupied by Lea.
Probably an old, smooth rusticus.
‘I hardly know where to place this, as the only shell I have seen (the type) is
evidently young, and has the beaks eroded until I can not make out the sculpture.
It seems most likely to be an elongated, somewhat compressed member of the con-
tradens group.
820 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
* Margaron (Unio) orientalis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 38; 1870, p. 61.
~ Unio productus Movusson, L. und 8. W. Moll. Java, 1849, p. 93, pl. xvur, figs.
3-5; Zeits. ftir Mal., VII, 1851, p. 46. -
* Unio p roductior L#aA, Syn., 1852, p.29.—* VON MARTENS, Mal. Bl., XIV, 1866, p.
16.—* II. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.
Java.
Section RALPIATULA, Simpson,
(Type, Unio crispisulcatus Benson. )
Shell rather solid, triangular oval, with high beaks which are but
little inflated, not very full at post base, bluntly pointed behind, the
beaks and entire surface covered with radiating, occasionally slightly
zigzag or divaricate ridges which are cut more or less into nodules
or cancellations by concentric sulcations, the sculpture of the posterior
slope stronger, and curving upward; pseudocardinals of the left valve
2 to 3, ragged, the anterior larger, two in the right valve, with a
parallel sided socket, the larger teeth compressed but rather solid. !
+ NODULARIA CRISPISULCATA Benson.
* Unio crispisulcatus Lea, Ann. and Mag., X, 1862, p. 193.—* SowERBY, Conch.
Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. XLIx, fig. 262.—* HaNLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind.,
1876, p. 6., pl. x1, fig. 5.—* PmTELn, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 149.
* Margaron (Unio) crispisulcatus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 31.
Burma.
NODULARIA LIMA Simpson.
* Unio radula BENSON,? in Hanley, Biv. Shells, Supp., 1856, p. 382.—* HANLEY
and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 5, pl. X, fig. 3.—* PasrEL, Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 165.
~ Dysnomia radula ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Phil., VI, 1882, p. 42.
Assam; Cambodia.
Section CHLATURA Conrad, 1853,
(Type, Unio egyptiacus Cailliaud. )
Shell elliptical, pointed or rounded behind, usually slightly preduced
at the post base; beak sculpture consisting of zigzag ridges which are
generally quite pustulous, the sculpture often extending on to the usu-
ally rayed disk; teeth compressed; pseudocardinals lamellar.
Animal described under Nodularia. (See page 806.)
(Group of Nodularia egyptiaca.)
Characters the same as of the section.
‘Notwithstanding the considerable difference between this group and all other
Nodularias there are species such as occatus, which seem to stand between it and the
ceruleus group, and show the relationship of the two.
2 The name radula was used by Say for a Unio in 1822. I change Benson’s name as
above. Iam not positive as to the relationship of this species.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 821
+NODULARIA AXGYPTIACA Cailliaud.
* Unio species nuovo Savieny, Icon. Moli. Egypt, 1813, pl. vu, figs. 3-6.
Unio egyptiaca CAILLIAUD, Voy. a Méroé, II, 1826, pl. LXx1, figs. 6. 7..—* DESHAYEs,
An. sans Vert., 2d ed., 1835, p.553; ~ Enc. Méth., II, 1830, p. 587.—* Carlow
and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58.
* Margarita ( Unio) egyptiacus LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 21.
* Margaron (Umo) egyptiacus LEA, Syn., 1852, p.32; 1870, p. 50.
* Unio egyptiacus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 198; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 198, pl. xx,
fig. 56.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab., 1856, p. 157, pl. xLv, fig.2.—* H. and A. ADAMs,
Gen. Rec. Moll., IJ, 1857, p. 494.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxvI,
fig. 132.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 179.—* von MARTENS,
Mal. Bl., XIII, 1866, p. 11.—*Moreert, Moll. Terr. et Fluv. 1868, p. 97.—
*JICKELI (part) Faun. Moll. N. O. Af., 1874, p. 271, pl. x, figs. 1-8.—
*KOBELT, Icon., new ed., 1886, p. 25, pl. XIV, figs. 262-265.
“Unio eucyphus BOURGUIGNAT, Rev. et. Mag., IX, 1857, p. 19, pl. 111, figs. 1-3.—
* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 152.
*Unio bourguignati LANDRAN, Seance Soc. Sei. Nat. Seine, 1864, p. 5, pl. —, figs. 1-3.
~ Pharaonia bourguignati ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., III, 1886, p. 113.
Nile system; High Cazamance, West Africa (Vignon); both sides of
the equator in Central Africa (Dohrn).
7, NODULARIA NILOTICA Cailliaud.
Unio nilotica CAILLIAUD, Voy. ’ Méroé, II, 1826, pl. LUNI, figs. 8, 9.—* DESHAYES,
An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p.522; * Enc. Méth., II, 1830, p.585.—* CaTLow
and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 61.—* Haniry, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 197;
* Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 197, pl. xx1, fig. 39.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll.,
II, 1857, p. 494. —* von MariENs, Mal. Bl., XIII, 1866, p. 13.—* Pare, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 161.—-* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 180.
* Margarita (Unio) niloticus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 29; 1838, p. 21.
* Margaron (Unio) niloticus Lea, Syn., 1852, p.31; 1870, p. 50.
Unio pumilus ZEIGLER, manuscript, and of authors.
* Unio parreyssi Putuipri, Conch., III, 1848, p. 81, pl. v, fig. 6.—* JickEri, Faun.
Moll. N. O. Af., 1874, p. 373.
* Unio rugifer KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 157, pl. xiv, figs. 3, 4.—* von
MARTENS, Mal. BI., XIII, 1866, p. 12.—* WrESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7,
1890, p. 180.
* Unio sennaariensis KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 280, pl. xciv, figs.
5, 6.—* PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 167.
* Unio eneus JICKELI, Faun. Moll. N. O. Af., 1874, p. 274, pl. 1x, fig. 2.—* P&E,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 144.
“Unio charbonnieri BOURGUIGNAT, Un. and Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 9.—*Icon. Mal. Tan.,
1888, pl. xx, figs. 1,2.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 147.
“Unio coulboisi BOURGUIGNAT, Un. and Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 12; *Icon. Mal. Tan.,
1888, pl. xx, figs. 3, 4.—* PasTeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 149.
*Unio dromauxi BOURGUIGNAT, Un. and Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 17; *Icon. Mal. Tan ,
1888, pl. xxu1, figs. 1. 2.—* Pa&TEx, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 151.
1 This species is often credited to Ferussac, but I donot know that he ever described
it. It is considered by many to be the same as Nodularia nilotica, but the compar-
ison of large series of material and authentie specimens in the Lea collection from
Cailliaud incline me to separate them. There is, however, great variation in their
characters, but wgyptiaca is a thinner, more rounded shell than niloticus, and has
lamellar pseudo-cardinals.
822 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
NODULARIA NILOTICA var. GERRARDI von Martens.
*Unio gerrardi VON MARTENS, Besch. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 223, pl. vu, fig. 5.
Nile system; Lake Tanganyika; Senegal and High Cazamance
(Vignon).
NODULARIA BAGDADENSIS Bourguignat.!
* Unio bagdadensis BoURGUIGNAT, Test. Noy. Saule., 1852, p. 30; *Cat. Rais., 1853,
p. 78, pl. 1v, figs. 4-6.
*Margaron (Unio) bagdadensis Lua, Syn., 1870, p. 46.
Bagdad, on the Tigris River.
NODULARIA RANDABELI Bourguignat.?
* Unio randabelt BOURGUIGNAT, Un, and Ir. Tan., 1886, p.22; ~Icon. Mal. Tan.,
1888, pl. xx1, figs. 3, 4.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 165.
Lake Tanganyika.
+NODULARIA ESSOENSIS Chaper.
*Unio essoensis CHAPER, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., X. 1885, p. 481, pl. x1, figs. 8, 9.—
*P£TEL,Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 152. :
Assini, west coast of Africa.
NODULARIA DECAMPSIANA Wattebled.’
* Unio decampsianus WATTEBLED, Jl. de Conch., XXXII, 1884, p. 132, pl. vu, fig. 1.—
*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 150.
*Unio campsianus P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 147.
Western Soudan.
NODULARIA BELLAMYI Jousseaume.
*Pharaonia bellamyi JOUSSEAUME, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., XI, 1886, p. 486, pl. x11, figs.
Ta, Td.
Faraba, on the Niger; High Senegal.
NODULARIA RENEA Jousseaume.
“Reneus reneus JOUSSEAUME, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., XI, 1886, p. 482, pl. xu, figs.
4a, 4b.
*Reneus faidherbi JOUSSEAUME, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., XI, 1886, p. 483, pl. x11, figs.
5, 5a.
Niger at Kayon; Senegal River; High Senegal.
1 This appears from the figures and description to be a member of the Agyptiaca
group of Nodularia. It is possible that it came from Asia Minor, but more likely
that it is an African species. The Unio eucyphus.of Bourguignat, which he credits
to this region, is believed by Lea to be the U. egyptiacus of Cailliaud, and I agree
with him. Unio bagdadensis may be merely a peculiar form of the same thing.
2This may possibly be distinct from N. nilotica, or it may only be an oddly-formed
specimen.
3I can not be positive as to the systematic position of this species, but it probably
belongs here.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 823
*NODULARIA FOULADOUGOUENSIS Jousseaume.
*Reneus fouladougouensis JOUSSEAUME, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., XI, 1886, p. 485, pl.
Xl, figs. 6, 6a.
Fouladougou, Niger; High Senegal.
+ NODULARIA GABONENSIS Kuster.
* Unio gabonensis KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 291, pl. xcovu, fig. 7.—
* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 153.
Margaron (Unio) gabonensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 47.
Gaboon River, West Africa.
+NODULARIA AQUITORIA Morelet.
* Unio equitorius MORELET, J]. de Conch., XV, 1885, p. 31, pl. 11, fig. 9..\—* Pa: TEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 144.
* Unio landanensis SCHEPMAN, Notes Leyden Mus., VIII, 1891, p. 113, pl. v111, figs.
3d, 3b.
Congo drainage.
NODULARIA HOREI E. A. Smith.
* Unio horei E. A. SMITH, Ann. and Mag., VI, 1880, p. 429; * Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
1881, p. 299, pl. xxxtv, fig. 37.—* CrossE, Jl. de Conch., XXXIX, 1881, p.
133.—* VON MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 235.
* Grandidieria horei BOURGNIGNAT, Bull. Soe. Mal. Fr., II, 1885, p. 6.
Lake Tanganyika.
NODULARIA BORELLII Ancey.
* Unio borellii ANCEY, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., VII, 1894, p. 226, fig. 2.—* vON MARTENS,
Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 227.
Lake Nyassa and vicinity.
NODULARIA EMINI von Martens.
* Unio emint VON MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 224, pl. vit, fig. 14.
Victoria Nyanza.
NODULARIA BOHMI von Martens.
* Unio bohmi VON MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 223, pl. vil, fig. 9.
Lake Tanganyika.
NODULARIA AMBIFARIA von Martens.
*Unio ambifarius VON MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 225, pl. VII,
fig. 20.
Dar-es-Ssalam, East Africa.
NODULARIA LECHAPTOISI Ancey.
*Unio lechaptoisi ANCEY, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., VII, 1894, p. 228, fig. 3.—* VON
MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 226.
Shire River, Lake Nyassa.
—— =
1 Doubtfully distinct from gabonensis.
824 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL XXIL.
NODULARIA LIEDERI von Martens.
*Unio liederi VON MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 226, pl. vu, fig. 19.
Lake Nyassa.
NODULARIA CALATHUS Bourgnignat.!
* Unio calathus BOURGNIGNAT, Esp. Ouk. et Tan., 1885, p. 23.
Tanganyika.
NODULARIA BAKOYI Rochebrune.
*Unio bakoyi ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Phil., 7th ser., VI, 1882, p. 33.
‘Bakoy, High Senegal. .
NODULARIA RADIOTA Charmes.
* Unio radiotus CHARMES, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., II, 1885, p. 166.
Central Africa.
NODULARIA JULIANI Rang.
* Unio juliani RANG, Nouv. Ann. Mus., 1835, p. 309.
Senegal.
(Group of Nodularia kunenensis.)
Shell elliptical, subinflated, solid, narrowly biangulate bebind, the
point of the shell being about midway up the height, the post-base
inflated, beaks full, eroded in the specimen figured but no doubt zigzag
sculptured; whole surface of the shell covered with wavy corrugations;
epidermis brownish; one rather solid, deeply incised pseudocardinal in
the right valve, two in the left; nacre yellowish white; muscle scars
deep. Animal unknown.
NODULARIA KUNENENSIS Mousson.
* Unio kunenensis MOUSSON, Jl. de Conch., XXXV, 1887, p. 300, pl. x.1, fig. 10.—
*SmiTH, Ann. and Mag., VIII, 1891, p. 319.
Head ot Kunene River, North Ovampo, Southwest Africa.
Section CAFFERIA Simpson, 1900,
(Type, Unio caffer Krauss.)
Shell elongated or elliptical, rhomboid and solid when old; beaks full,
the scuipture corrugated zigzag, the ridges often extending over the
disk; epidermis yellowish-brown to nearly black, dull colored, some-
what suleate; teeth rather strong, muscle scars deep, well defined.
(Group of Nodularia caffer. Characters as in the section.)
1This and the following species are unfigured, and are referred by von Martens
and others to this group. I know nothing of them. I am a little in doubt as to
the affinities of some of the above-figured species which I have not seen, but they
are placed here on the excellent authority of von Martens.
ee a
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON, 825
t+NODULARIA CAFFER Krauss.
*Unio caffer Krauss, Sud. Af. Moll., 1848, p. 18, pl. 1, fig. 14.—* Kuster (part),
Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 143, pl. xLu, fig. 2.—* HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1856, p.
385, pl. xx1, fig. 40.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—
*SowERsy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xt, fig 226.—* Smita, Ann. and Mag.,
VIII, 1891, p. 317.!—* P# TEx, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 147.
* Margaron (Unio) caffer LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p. 48.
*2Unio schwerzenbachii BOURGUIGNAT, Rey. et Mag., 1856, p. 71.—* SowERBY,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xLiv, fig. 241.
*+ Unio verreauxianus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 94; Obs., VI, 1857,
p- 21, pl. xxvi, fig. 16; Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1858, p. 301, pl. xxvu, fig.
16.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXIx, fig. 352,—* PaTEL, Conch,
Sam., III, 1890, p. 171.
* Margaron (Unio) verreauxianus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 36.
* Unio verreauxt P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 171.
*Unio navigoliformis Lra, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XI, 1859, p. 152; Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 248, pl. xxxvu, fig. 124; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 63, pl.
XXXVU, fig. 124.—*REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxiv, fig. 114.—
“PHTrEL, C. Sam., IL], 1890, p. 160.
* Margaron (Unio) navigoliformis Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 31.
*t Unio natalensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1864, p. 113; *J1. Ac. N. Sei. Phila.,
VI, 1866, p. 59, pl. xx, fig.57; * Obs., XI, 1867, p. 63, pl. Xx, fig. 57.—* SOWERBY,
Conch. Icon., X VI, 1868, pl. LXXx1, fig. 362.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p.
160.
* Margaron (Unio) natalensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 32.
* Unio rectilinearis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxv, fig. 332.2
+NODULARIA CAFFER var. AFRICANA Lea.
* Unio africanus Lma, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 94; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
III, 1857, p. 300, pl. xxvut, fig. 115; *Obs., VI, 1857, p. 20, pl. xxvit, fig. 15.—
*ReEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. x x11, fig. 100.
* Margaron (Unio) africanus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 48.
* Unio caffer KUSTER (part), Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 143, pl. XLu, fig. 3.
* Unio niloticus KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 158, pl. XLv, fig. 5.
+NODULARIA CAFFER var. VAALENSIS Chaper.
* Unio vaalensis CHAPER, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., X, 1885, p. 480, pl. x1, figs. 1-3.—
*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 171.
South Africa.
NODULARIA TRAVERSII Pollonera.’
* Unio traversii POLLONERA, Bull. Soc. Mal. It., XIII, 1888, p. 85, pl. 111, figs. 14, 15.
Hawash River, Shoa, Africa.
1 According to Smith the above, U. verreauxianus Lea, africanus Lea, natalensis Lea,
and vaalensis Chaper, are all one species. I think he is right, but it seems to me that
one or two of these forms are worthy of varietal names. I have seen the types of
most and anthentic specimens of all of them.
2Said to come from the Columbia River, but it did not.
3Possibly a variety of N. caffer.
826 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIL
NODULARIA JICKELI Simpson.
* ?Unio teretiusculus JICKELI,! Faun. Moll. N. O. Af., 1874, p. 276, pl. x1, figs. 3, 3a,
3b.
Northeast Africa.
NODULARIA ACUMINATA H. Adams.
* Unio acuminatus H. ADAMS, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 376.—* P TEL, Conch.
Sain., IIT, 1890, p. 143.—*SmirnH, Ann. and Mag., X, 1892, p. 127, pl. xu, fig.
12.—* VON MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 227, pl. vu, figs. 11, 12.
Lake Albert Nyanza.
NODULARIA DEMBEZ Reeve.
“Unio dembew REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxrx, fig. 153.—* JICKELI,
Faun. Moll. Af., 1874, p. 275, pl. 1x, figs. 3-4.—* ROSSMASSLER, Bull. Soe.
Mal. It., XIII, 1888, p. 84.—* P& TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 150.
Abyssinia.
NODULARIA LOURDELLI Bourguignat.
*Unio lourdelli BOURGUIGNAT, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., IV, 1887, p. 271.—* SmitTH, Ann.
and Mag., X, 1892, p. 128, pl. x11, figs. 13-15.—* VON MARTENS, Besch. Deuts.
Ost-Af., 1897, p. 228.
Victoria Nyanza Lake.
NODULARIA ABYSSINICA von Martens.
“Unio abyssinicus VON MARTENS, Mal. B1., XIIL, 1866, p. 102; * XIV, 1867, p. 17.—
*JICKELI, Faun. Moll. N. O. Af., 1874, p. 278, pl. 1x, fig. 5; x, fig. 10.—
* PHTEL, Conch. Sam., IIL, 1890, p. 143.
Abyssinia.
NODULARIA DIMINUTA Lea.
* Unio diminutis Lea,? Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859 p. 151; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
1860, p. 254, pl. xxx1x, fig. 1384; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 72, pl. xxx1x, fig. 134.—
* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xx vu, fig. 141.—* JicKELI, Faun. Moll.
Af., 1874, p. 280.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 150.
* Margaron (Unio) diminutus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 31.
~ Unio gratiosus P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 154.
East Africa.
The following untfigured species are said to belong here:
* Unio mandinguorum ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Phil., 7th ser., VI, 1882, p. 34.
Bakoy, High Senegal.
* Unio zeyheri MENKE, Zeits. fiir Mal., VI, 1848, p. 28.
South Africa.
‘Not teretiusculus Philippi, but a larger elongate solid rhomboid form, which is
certainly distinct. I therefore name it in honor of Jickeli.
2So in the first published description, probably a typographical error. I am not
certain as to the relationships of the species, but presume that it belongs here.
~~
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAITADES—SIMPSON. 827
(Group of Nodularia fissidens.)
Shell solid, compressed, subelliptical to subrhomboid, with rather
full beaks, which have radiate, corrugated sculpture extending out on
the disk as wavy sulcations, and changing near the edge to plain
suleations; posterior ridge low, rounded; hinge strong; right valve
with two pseudocardinals, the lower the larger, showing a tendency to
split up, and having a gape in the plate behind, and having one lateral;
two pseudocardinals in the left, somewhat split, and two laterals;
muscle scars deep, distinct.
NODULARIA FISSIDENS Bottger.
* Unio ( Hyridella) fissidens BOTTGER, Ber. Senck. Ges., 1886, p. 27, pl. 11, figs. 6ab,7ab.
Kalahari Desert. Southwest Africa.
NODULARIA HYGAPANUS Battger.
*Unio (Hyridella) hygapanus BOTTGER, Ber. Senck. Ges., 1886, p. 26, pl. 11, fig. 6.
Kalahari Desert. Iam not certain as to the relationships of these two
species.
Genus HARMANDIA Rochebrune, 1882.
(Type, Harmandia somboriensis Rochebrune. )
Harmandia ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Phil., VI, 1882, p. 45.
Shell subtrapezoidal, subalate, rather thin, posteriorly compressed,
with low beaks and irregularly radial sculpture, a few of the ribs con-
verging at the center of the disk, the rest becoming divaricate and
covering the shell, those of the posterior slope springing from the rib
on the low, posterior ridge; epidermis gray green; left valve with two
arcuate, compressed, elongate pseudocardinals in front and a triangular
cardinal under the beak, the right with two pseudocardinals in front
and a pit under the beak; there are two nearly straight lamellar laterals
in each valve, and a small, up-curved lamella above them near their
posterior ends; anterior muscle scars deep; nacre white, brilliant, show-
ing the outside sculpture.
Animal unknown.
HARMANDIA SOMBORIENSIS Rochebrune.
* Harmandia somboriensis ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Phil., VI, 1882, p. 46, pl. 1, figs.
1-3.. =
Rapids of Sombor sombor, Mekong.
Genus GRANDIDIERIA Bourguignat, 1885.
(Type, Unio burtoni Woodward. )
Grandidieria BOURGUIGNAT, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., II, 1885, p. 6.
Shell small, oval, rounded or rhomboid, solid, much inflated, generally
narrowly biangulate behind, often apparently of two forms, one more
828 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
inflated in the basal and post-basal parts than the other; beaks high,
and pointed, curved forward and inward, very delicately and beauti-
fully sculptured with zigzag lire, which become finely nodulous and
sulcate on the disk, especially in front and behind; posterior ridge well
developed, often slightly double; hinge line curved; two pseudocardi-
nals in the right valve separated by a parallel-sided socket, one or
two in the left, with often an irregular, triangular, ragged tooth under
the beak which is frequently reflexed; one obliquely striate lateral in
the right valve and twoin the left; nacre of peculiarly soft, rich texture,
white, coppery, or purplish, delicately radiate; beak cavities moderate;
muscle sears distinet.!
+GRANDIDIERIA BURTONI Woodward.
“Unio burtont WOODWARD, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, p. 348, pl. xivu, fig. 2;
*Ann. and Mag., V, 1860, p. 338.—*SoweErBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl.
XLVH, fig. 251.—* Smiru, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 297, pl. xxxrv, figs.
33, 83b.—* VON MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 237.
* Margaron (Unio) burtont LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 31.
* Grandidieria burtoni BOURGUIGNAT, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., II, 1885, p. 6.
* Grandidieria cyrenopsis BOURGUIGNAT, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., II, 1885, p. 9, pl. 1, figs.
7-9; *Teon. Mal. Tan., 1888, pl. x1X, figs. 1-3.
GRANDIDIERIA BURTONI var. SERVAINIANA Bourguignat.
* Grandidieria servainiana BOURGUIGNAT, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., II, 1885, p. 6.
_* Unio burtoni var. servainiana VON MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 238.
GRANDIDIERIA BURTONI var. INSIGNIS Bourguignat.
* Grandidieria insignis BOURGUIGNAT, Esp. Ouk. Tan., 1885, p. 16.
*Unio burtoni var. insignis VON MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 238.
GRANDIDIERIA BURTONI var. STURANYI von Martens.
Grandidieria STURANY, Baumann, Durch Massailand, 1894, p. 6, pl. xxIv, fig. 81;
XOXGV AULD
Unio burtoni var. sturanyi VON MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 288.
Lake Tanganyika.
+GRANDIDIERIA TANGANYICENSIS Smith.
“Unio tanganyicensis SMITH, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1880, p. 351, pl. xx x1, p. 9, 9a;
*Proc. Zool, Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 298, pl. Xxxxrv, fig. 35.—* Pa&TEL, Conch.
Sam., ILI, 1890, p. 169.—* von MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 240.
* Grandidieria tanganikana BOURGUIGNAT, Bull. Soe. Mal. Fr., II, 1885, p. 7.
Lake Tanganyika.
1Bourzuignat, by a most brilliant stroke, placed this group in the Corbiculide,
and stated that he knew twenty-five species, and had no doubt that there would be
at least one Jiundred when a thorough search is made. The group is an exceedingly
difficult and variable one, and, judging from the large number of species he has
founded on the most trivial variations, we may consider it exceedingly fortunate that
he never saw the other seventy-five. I have seen but a limited amount of material,
but I am led to believe that two forms of the same species often exist, as in Lamp-~
silis and allied genera, and which may be inale and female shells. I know nothing
of the animal and Iam unable to do justice to the genus. :
a ae
, mn
—
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIA DES—SIMPSON. 829
+GRANDIDIERIA SMITHI Bourguignat.
*Unio burtont SMITH (part), Proc. Zool. Soc., 1881, pl. XXxIv, fig. 33a.
* Grandidieria smithi BOURGUIGNAT, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., II, 1885, p. 7.
* Unio burtoni var. smithti VON MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 238.
Lake Tanganyika.
GRANDIDIERIA GRAVIDA Bourguignat.
*Grandidieria gravida BoURGUIGNAT, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., II, 1885, p.7, pl. 1, figs.
1-6; *Icon. Moll. Tan., 1888, p, 41, pl. xv111, figs. 11-16.
* Grandidieria rostrata BOURGUIGNAT, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., 11, 1885, p. 10, pl.1, figs.
10-12; *Icon. Moll. Tan., 1888, p. 41, pl. xvu11, figs. 17-19.
*Unio rostralis VON MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 238.
Lake Tanganyika.
+GRANDIDIERIA THOMSONI Smrh.
* Unio thomsoni SmirH, Ann. and Mag., VI, 1880, p. 480; * Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
1881, p. 299, pl. Xxxrv, fig. 36.—* CrossE, Jl. de Conch., XXIV, 1881, p. 133.—
*VoNn MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 240.
* Grandidieria thomsoni BOURGUIGNAT, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., I, 1885, p. 7; * Moll.
Gir. Tan., 1885, p. 100.
* Grandidieria corbicula BOURGUIGNAT, Not. Prod., 1885, p. 100; *Moll. Gir. Tan.,
1885, p. 100; *Tcon. Moll. Tan., 1888, p. 43, pl. xrx, figs. 10-12.
* Grandidieria granulosa BOURGUIGNAT, Not. Prod., 1885, p. 102; *Icon. Moll. Tan.,
1888, p. 43, pl. xix, figs. 1, 2.
*“Grandidieria singularis BOURGUIGNAT, Icon. Moll. Tan., 1888, p. 43, pl. X1x, figs.
18-20,
Lake Tanganyika.
GRANDIDIERIA RHYNCHONELLA Bourgingnat.
*Grandidieria rhynchonella BOURGUIGNAT, Icon. Moll. Tan., 1888, p. 43, pl. XIX, figs.
es 16, 17.
Lake Tanganyika.
GRANDIDIERIA CALLISTA Bourg ngnat.
*Grandidieria callista BOURGUIGNAT, Icon. Moll. Tan., 1888, p. 43, pl. x1x, figs.
13-15.!
Lake Tanganyika.
GRANDIDIERIA BOURGUIGNATI Joubert.
* Grandidieria bourguignatt JOUBERT in Bourguignat, Icon. Moll. Tan., 1888, p. 43,
pl. XIX, figs. 7-9.
Lake Tanganyika.
GRANDIDIERIA ANCEYI Bourguignat.
* Unio burtoni SmirH, (part) Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 297, pl. XXXIV, fig. 38a.
*Grandidieria anceyi BOURGUIGNAT, Esp. Ouk. et-Tan., 1885, p. 15; Moll. Tan.,
1888, p. 43, pl. xix, figs. 4-6.2
Lake Tanganyika.
' Probably a strangely distorted form of some other species.
27 am satisfied that Smith’s figure 33a is not burloni, but a valid species—G. anceyi
Bourguignat..
830 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
The following are unfigured species of Grandidieria:
G. rotundata Bourguignat, Not. Prod., 1885, p. 98.
7. mira Bourguignat, Not. Prod., 1885, p. 96.
G. locardiana Bourguignat, Esp. Ouk., 1885, p. 18.
+. incarnata Bourguignat, Moll. Gir., 1885, p. 101.
G. giraudi Bourguignat, Not. Prod., 1885, p. 95.
G. elongata Bourguignat, Moll. Gir., 1885, p. 14.
Genus PHYSUNIO, Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Unio gravidus Lea. )
Shell thin, irregularly obovate, narrowed in front, decidedly produced
at post base, pointed behind and -posteriorly winged, with a moderate
posterior ridge and often a second or third faint ridge above it; beak
sculpture zigzag radial, somewhat disposed in two sets, the one down
the posterior ridge slightly nodulous; posterior slope having irregular
radial corrugations, the rest of the shell smooth; epidermis often cloth-
like, with one or more green rays on the posterior slope; hinge line
curved; a single obliquely granularly striate pseudocardinal and gen-
erally three laterals in the left valve, and two pseudocardinals and two
laterals in the right, all greatly compressed; beak cavities deep; mus-
cle scars irregular; nacre bright, bluish, and iridescent.
Animal unknown.
Section PHYSUNIO Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Unio gravidus Lea.)
Shell inflated; beak cavities deep and rounded.
+ PHYSUNIO GRAVIDUS Lea.
* Unio gravidus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 93; Obs., VI, 1857, p. 12, pl.
XXIV, fig. 5; Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Dl, 1858; p. 2925 pl. xxiv, igo.
*von MARTENS, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, p. 14.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon.,
XVI, 1866, pl. Li, fig. 271.—* More et, Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p. 347.—
*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 154.
* Margaron (Unio) gravidus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 28.
* Lampsilis gravidus ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Phil., VI, 1882, p. 43.
* Unio abnormis MORELET, Rey. et Mag., XIV, 1862, p. 480.
“Unio superbus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, p. LIX, fig. 295.
Siam; Cambodia; Cochin China.
+PHYSUNIO SUPERBUS Lea.
* Unio superbus LEA, Desc. 12 New Uniones, 1843 (no pagination); Tr. Am. Phil.
Soc., IX, 1845, p. 281, pl. xu, fig. 11; Obs., IV, 1848, p. 39, pl. xi, fig. 11.—
H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 498.—* VON MARTENS, Mal.
B1., XIV, 1866, p. 14.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 169.
*Margaron (Unio) superbus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 19; 1870, p. 28.
* Unio velaris HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1856, p. 385, pl. xxl, fig. 42.!
*Unio massini MORELET, J]. de Conch., XII, 1864, p. 288; Ser. Conch., IV, 1875,
p. 348, pl. xv, figs. 1, 3.—* Pa&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 158.
Sumatra; Cochin China.
1 Credited to Benson manuscript.
3 ai
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 831
PHYSUNIO CROSSEI Deshayes and Julien.
*Unio crossei DESHAYES and JULIEN, N. Arch, Mus., X, 1874, p. 124, pl. v1, figs.
5-7.—* P®TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 149.
Cambodia; Cochin China.
+PHYSUNIO MICROPTERUS Morelet.
*Unio micropterus MORELET, Jl. de Conch., XIV, 1866, p. 63; Ser. Conch., IV, 1875,
p. 349, pl. xv, fig. 7.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., HI, 1890, p. 158.
Siam; Cambodia.
PHYSUNIO SEMIALATUS Deshayes and Julien.
*Unio semialatus DESHAYES and JULIEN, N. Arch. Mus., X, 1874, p. 123, pl. v1, figs.
1, 2.)
Siam; Cambodia.
tPHYSUNIO CAMBODIENSIS Lea.?
* Unio cambodiensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 103; Jl. Acad.
N. Sci. Phil., III, 1857, p. 318, pl. xxx, fig. 28; Obs., VI, 1857, p. 33, pl. xxx,
fig. 28.
* Margaron (Unio) cambodiensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 42.
Takrong River at Korat, Cambodia.
Section LENS Simpson, 1900.
“ (Type, Unio eximius Lea. )
Shell sublenticular; three laterals of left valve distinct; cavity of the
beaks compressed.
t PHYSUNIO EXIMIUS Lea.
* Unio eximius LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 93; Obs., VI, 1857,
p. 14, pl. xxv, fig. 8; Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1858, p. 294, pl. xxv, fig. 8.—
* VON MARTENS, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, p. 15.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon.,
XVI, 1868, pl. LXXxIX, fig. 481.—* PHTEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 152.
* Margaron (Unio) eximius LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 28.
Unio semiquadrata SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xLvilII, fig. 258.
~ Unio semiquadratus P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 167.
Siam; Cambodia.
PHYSUNIO VELARIS Sowerby.
* Unio velaris SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxi, fig. 368.3—* P@TEL,
Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 171.
Assam.
‘Fischer believes that the above equals U. micropterus Morelet (Cat., p. 142). I
feel sure he is wrong, and that this is a valid species.
27 have only seen the type of this, a very young shell, but it probably belongs to
the gravidus group.
*A compressed shell of a uniform yellow color, probably only a variety of eximius.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
CO
SS)
bo
Genus DALLIELLA Simpson 1900.
(Type Anodonta purpurea Valenciennes.')
Shell subtrapezoidal, generally thin, inflated, with a low, rounded
posterior ridge and rather full beaks which have somewhat zigzagged
radial sculpture, with a row of chevron-shaped folds running some dis-
tance down the posterior ridge, and with fine corrugations in front of
the beaks; epidermis somewhat cloth-like; substance of the shell of a
peculiar purplish-brown tint; hinge line narrow; teeth imperfect]
developed, sometimes reduced to mere rudiments, when present con-
sisting of greatly compressed, feeble, pseudocardinals and laterals;
beak cavities rather shallow; dorsal scars one to a few, scattered;
muscle scars faint; prismatic border wide.
Animal unknown.
(Group of Dalliella purpurea.)
Shell not biangulate behind, rather smooth; nacre coppery purple;
teeth very faint, compressed.
“I DALLIELLA PURPUREA Valenciennes.
* dnodonta purpurea VALENCIENNES, Rec. Obs. Zool., IT, 1833, p. 236, pl. XLvuI
bis, figs. 3, 3a, 3b.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 218.—* H. and A. ADAMS,
Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.—* vON MARTENS, Mal. BI., XIV, 1866, p. 12.—
*CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 77, pl. x1x, fig. 1.—* Pa&TEL, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 183.
*Margarita (Anodonta) purpurea LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 51; 1838, p. 30.
* Anodon purpurea CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67.
*Margaron (Anodonta) purpurea LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 50; 1870, p. 79.
*+ Anodonta burroughiana, Lra, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 105, pl. xv1, fig. 495
* Obs., I, 1834, p. 217, pl. x v1, fig. 49.—* CLEsSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 164,
pl. Lrv, figs. 3, 4.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 177.
* Margaron (Anodonta) burroughana, LA, Syn., 1870, p. 81.
* Anodon burroughianus, SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxvu, fig. 103.
*+ Margarita (Unio) bengalensis Lra, Syn., 1836, p. 26; 1838, p. 20.
* Unio bengalensis Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 3, pl. 1, fig. 3; * Obs., II,
1838, p. 3, pl. 1, fig. 3.—* TroscHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., V, 1839, pl. m1, p. 233.—
* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 194; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 194, pl. xx1, fig.
50.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 56.—* H. and A. ADAMS,
Gen. Rec. Moll., I, 1857, p. 493. —* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. x x1J, figs. 2, 2a,
2b.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 228, pl. LXXx vu, figs. 2, 3.—* PATEL,
Conch. Sam., ILI, 1890, p. 146.
* Margaron ( Unio) bengalensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 30; 1870, p. 47.
* dnodon bengalensis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. xiv, fig. 49.
* Anodonta bengalensis CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 173, pl. Lv, fig. 1.—
*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 177. ;
*+ Unio verecundus GOULD, Pr. Bost. 8. N. Hist., III, 1850, p. 295; *U. S. Expl.
Exp., XII, 1852, p. 431, figs. 541, 541a, 541b, 541¢; *Otia Conch., 1862, p. 89.—
18ome of the species placed here have been classed with dnodonta, but almost any
large series of specimens of any species will show variation from edentulous to
toothed forms.
Se
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 833
*REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxv, fig. 125.—* PaTeL, Conch, Sam.,
UDI, USO. yo. WAL,
* Unio mauritianus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 152; *J1. Ac. N. Sei.
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 257, pl. Xu, fig. 188; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 75, pl. x1, fig. 138,
* Margaron (Unio) mauritianus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 42.
*? Anodonta heldii KusTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 64, pl. XIX, fig. 1.
Anodonta chinensis KUSTER? Where?
Philippines. The localities India and Mauritius given for this
species are no doubt erroneous.
+ DALLIELLA CREPERA Lea. Z
* dnodonta crepera LEA, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1850, p. 198; *Ann. and Mag., VIII,
1851, p. 494.—* H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.502.—* Lea, JI.
Ac.N. Sei. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 238, pl. LXxxrv, fig. 117; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 56,
pl. xxxtv, fig. 117.—*CrxEssin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 97, pl. XXIX, figs,
5, 6.—* Pxret, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 178.
*? Anodon creperus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, No. 16.
Margaron (Anodonta) crepera L¥a, Syn., 1852, p.50; 1870, p. 80.
Luzon Island, Philippines.
+DALLIELLA TENUIS Lea.
* Anodonta tenuis Lea, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1850, p. 198; *Ann. and Mag., VIII,
1851, p. 494; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 237, pl. xxx111, fig. 116; * Obs.,
VII, 1860, p. 55, pi. xxxm1, fig. 116.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II,
1857, p. 503.—* MusGRAVE, Phot. Conch., 1863, pl. 1, fig. 8.—* CLEssIN, Conch.
Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 99, pl. xxx, figs. 3, 4.—* Pa:TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,
p. 185.
*Margaron (Anodonta) tenuis LEA, Syn., 1852, p.53; 1870, p. 83.
*Anodon tenuis SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pl. xv, fig. 55.
Luzon island, Philippines.
+ DALLIELLA SUBCRASSA Lea.
“Anodonta subcrassa LEA, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1850, p. 198; *Ann. and Mag., VIII,
1851, p. 495; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1859, p. 236, pl. xx xutt, fig. 115; *Obs.,
VIII, 1860, p. 54, pl. xxx, fig. 115.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II,
1857, p. 503.—* MusGrAVE, Phot. Conch., 1863, pl. 1, fig. 3.—* CLEsstn, Conch.
Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 98, pl. xxx1, figs. 1, 2.—*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,
p. 185. :
* Margaron (Anodonta) subcrassa LEA, Syn., 1852, p.51; 1870, p. 81.
*dnodon subcrassa SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. x11, fig. 42.
Luzon.
+ DALLIELLA GRACILIS Lea.
“Anodonta gracilis Lua, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1850, p. 197; *Ann. and Mag., VIII,
1851, p. 193; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 239, pl. xx xiv, fig. 119; *Obs.,
VII, 1860, p.57, pl. xxxIv, fig. 119.—* H. and A. ApaAms, Gen. Ree. Moll., II,
1857, p. 503.—* CLEssIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 99, pl. xxIx, figs. 3, 4.—
*P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 180.
*Margaron (Anodonta) gracilis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 51; 1870, p. 82.
Dingle, Isle of Panay, Philippines.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 53
834 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
DALLIELLA SERRADELLI Drouet.
*Unio serradelli DRoUET, J]. de Conch., XL, 1892, p. 86.
Philippines.
(Group of Dalliella insularis.)
Shell subsolid, subrhomboidal biangulate behind, pseudocardinals
and laterals blurred, not greatly compressed; nacre lurid, tinged
purplish.
+DALLIELLA INSULARIS Drouet.
* Pseudodon insularis DROUET, Rey. Biol. Fr., V1, 1894, p. 217, fig. 2.
Borneo; Palawan Island, Philippines.
+DALLIELLA CRASSA Drouet.
* Pseudodon crassus DROUBT, Jl. de Conch., XL, 1892, p.93.—*DROUET and CHAPER,
Mém. Soc. Zool. de Fr., V, 1892, p.151, pl. v1, figs. 1-3.
Borneo.
The following is an unfigured species.
* Unio semmelinki VON MARTENS, Sitzber. Ges. Nat. Fr. Ber., 1891, p. 111.
Southeast Borneo. Possibly a Dalliella.
Genus PSEUDODON Gould, 1844.
(Type, Anodon salwiniana Gould.)
Pseudodon GouLD, Pr. Bost. Soc. Nat. His., 1844, p. 161.
Monodontina Conrad, Pr. Ac. N. Sei, Phila., 1853, p. 269.
Trigonodon CONRAD, Am. J1. Conch., I, 1865, p. 233.
Monocondylus MORELET, Rey. et Mag., 1866, p. 167.
Pseudodus DE MORGAN, Bull. Soe. Zool. Fr., X, 1885, p. 422.
Shell oval to elongate, having two posterior ridges and often one or
two slight, radiating elevations above on the posterior slope, above
which there is usually a small wing; beaks rather low, sculpture
unknown;! epidermis dark, often having a few faint wrinkles on the
posterior slope, without rays when adult. There is a single, smooth
tooth in each valve, with occasional vestiges of a second; laterals
nearly or quite wanting; beak cavities shallow; dorsal scars conspicu-
ous, deep, distinct, 4 to 7 in a rowunder the hinge; anterior scars irreg-
ular; nacre generally dull and lurid.
Animal? having the branchiz wide and rounded behind, becoming
1One or two authors in describing species say that the beaks are entirely smooth.
It is probable that in most cases they have zigzag radial sculpture. Although I
have examined a large number of shells belonging to the group, many of which were
young, they were all so badly eroded that the beak sculpture was entirely destroyed.
2Deshayes and Julien figure but do not describe the animal of P. moreleti in Nouv.
Arch. de Mus., X, pl. v. Iam only able to make out part of the characters from this
really excellent figure.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 835
narrow in front; palpi enormously long, apparently slender, pointed
behind, where they project free for some distance; mantle thin, with a
wide, slightly thickened border, faintly papillose behind, there seeming
to be but little distinction between anal and branchial openings; anal
opening apparently smooth.
Section SUBORBICULUS Simpson, 1900,
(Type, Monocondylus orbicularis Morelet. }
Sheli compressed, nearly round in outline, feebly biangulate, and hay-
ing a posterior dorsal wing; beaks low; hinge with a single, com-
pressed, smooth, slightly curved, triangular tooth in each valve.
PSEUDODON ORBICULARIS Morelet.
* Monocondylus orbicularis MORELET, Rey. et Mag., XVIII, 1866, p. 167.
* Pseudodon orbicularis MORELET, Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p. 338, pl. xv1, fig. 5.
* Monocondylea orbicularis Pa&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 174.
Siam; Cambodia.
Section TRIGONODON Conrad, 1865,
Shell solid, compressed, rhomboid, round in front, widely and faintly
biangulate and rough behind; surface irregularly concentrically wavy
suleate; hinge with a strong triangular pseudocardinal in the right
valve, having a decided excavation behind it, and at the posterior side
of the pit a faint tooth; there is one strong triangular tooth in the left
valve and a vestige of one in front of it at the upper edge of the shell;
anterior scars irregular; dorsal scars crowded close to the hinge line.
(Type, Monocondylea crebristriata Anthony.)
tPSEUDODON CREBRISTRIATUS Anthony.
* Monocondylea crebristriata ANTHONY, Am. Jl. Conch., I, 1865, p. 205, pl. xvi,
fig. 1.—* PHZTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 174.
* Trigonodon crebristriata CONRAD, Am. Jl. Conch., I, 1865, p. 233.
* Margaron (Monocondylwa) crebristriata LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 72.
* Unio crebristriatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xcv, fig. 517.
* Pseudodon crebristriatum HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p.5, pl. rx,
fig. 3.
* Unio vondembuschtti SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xcv, fig. 518.
{| PSEUDODON CREBRISTRIATUS var. PEGUENSIS Anthony. !
*Monocondylaa peguensis ANTHONY, Am. JI. Conch., I, 1865, p. 205, pl. xvi1u, fig.
2.—* PHTEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 174.
* Margaron (Monocondylwa) peguensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 73.
*Pseudodon crebristriatum var. peguensis HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind.,
1876, p. 5, pl. Ix, fig. 5.
Burma; Pegu; Cambodia?.
‘Typically quite different from P. crebristriatus, but our large series seems to show
an almost complete connection.
836 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX.
Section PSEUDODON Gould, 1844,
(Type, Anodon Salwimana Gould.)
Characters given under generic name.
(Group of Pseudodon harmandi.)
Shell rather small, solid, rhomboid, short, inflated; posterior ridge
high, only slightly biangulate, faintly corrugated, on the posterior
Slope.
+ PSEUDODON HARMANDI Crosse and Fischer.
* Pseudodon harmandi CROSSE and FISCHER, Jl. de Conch., XXIV, 1876, p. 331, pl.
dE 4 aly 2p
* Monocondylea harmandi P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 174.
Cambodia.
PSEUDODON AUREUS Heude.
* Pseudodon aureus HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., IX, 1885, pl. Lx x11, fig. 140.
* Margaritana aurea P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 172.
China.
(Group of Pseudodon vondembuschianus. )
Shell rather large, somewhat compressed, subsolid, elliptic-rhomboid,
wider behind, where it is widely biangulate; teeth compressed.
+t PSEUDODON VONDEMBUSCHIANUS Lea.
* Margaritana vondembuschiana LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 288; *Tr. Am.
Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 222, pl. xvii, fig.39; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 60, pl.
xvi, fig. 39.—* KusrEer, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 295, pl. xcv1n, fig. 3.
* Margaron (Monocondylwa) vondembuschiana LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 45; 1870, p. 73.
* Monocondylea vondembuschiana H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1858, p.
501.—* Pre, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 175.
* Pseudodon vondembuschiana CONRAD, Am.J1. Conch., I, 1865, p. 233.
* Monodontina buschiana CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, pp. 269, 449.
*Unio von buschea SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. LI, fig. 269.
* Alasmodonta crispata Mousson, L. and Suss. W. Moll. Java, 1849, p. 97, pl. xvi,
figs. 1, 2.
* Margaritana crispata P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 175.
t *Monocondylwa planulata Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XI, 1859, p.187; *Jl. Ac. N.
Sci. Phila., IV, 1859, p. 262, pl. xu, fig. 142; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 80, -pl.
XLU, fig. 142.—*? KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 305, pl. c, fig. 8.
* Pseudodon planulata CONRAD, Am. J1.Conch., I, 1865, p. 233.
* Microcondylea planulata P®TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 175.
* Margaron (Monocondylea) planulata LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 73.
* Margaritana fragilis KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 295, pl. xcvi1, fig. 2.
* Microcondylea fragilis PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 175.
* Monocondylwa rhombica KuSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 304, pl. c, fig. 7.
Java; Sumatra; Borneo; Malacca.
tPSEUDODON ELLIPTICUM Conrad.
* Pseudodon ellipticwm CONRAD, Am. J1. Conch., I, 1865, p. 352, pl. xxv, fig. 1.
Cambodia.
‘No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 837
+ PSEUDODON ZOLLINGERI Mousson.
* 4lasmodonta zollingeri Mousson, L. and Suss. Moll. Java, 1849, p. 96, pl. xvii,
fig. 1.
* Margaritana zollingert KustTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 294, pl. xcviut, fig. 1-
* Pseudodon zollingeri MORELET, Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p. 337.
* Monocondylwa zollingeri P#&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 174.
Java.
+tPSEUDODON INOSCULARIS Gould.
* Anodon inoscularis GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. H., I, 1844, p. 160.\—* Haniry and
THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 5, pl. 1x, fig. 2.
*Margaron (Monocondylea) inoscularis Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 73.
* Margaritana inoscularis P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 173.
River Salwen, British Burma.
tPSEUDODON CUMINGII Lea.
* Anodonta cumingii La, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1850, p.199; “Ann. and Mag., VIII,
1851, p. 495.—*H. and A. ApaMs, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502.—* MUSGRAVE,
Phot. Conch., 1863, pl.1, fig. 6.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 178.
*Margaron (Monocondylea) cumingit LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 50; 1870, p. 73.
* Monocondylwa cumingii LEA, J]. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1V, 1860, p. 235, pl. xx x11, fig.
114; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 53, pl. xx x11, fig. 114.
*Pseudodon cumingii CONRAD, Am. Jl. Conch., I, 1865, p. 233.
*Anodon cumingii REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. XxX1, fig. 122.
* Microcondylea cumingii CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 259, pl. LXxx1u1, figs.
3, 4.—* PeTeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 175.
* Pseudodus cumingii DE MORGAN, Bull. Soe. Zool. de Fr., X, 1885, p. 422.
Malacca; Perak; Siam; Cambodia.
tPSEUDODON AZNEOLUS Drouet.
* Pseudodon wneolus DROUET, Jl. deConch., XL, 1892, p. 94.—* DROUETand CHAPER,
Mem. Soc. Zool. de Fr., V, 1892, p. 152, pl. vi, figs. 4-7.
Borneo.
tPSEUDODON TUMIDUS Morelet.
* Monocondylus tumidus MORELET, Jl. deConch., XIV, 1866, p62." MABILLE, Rev.
Zool., XXIII, 1872, p. 51, pl. v, figs. 6, 7.
* Pseudodon tumidus MORELET, Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p. 337, pl. xvi, fig. 1.
Siam; Cambodia.
PSEUDODON OVALIS Morlet.
* Pseudodon ovalis Mor-er, Jl. de Conch., XX XVII, 1889, p. 197, pl. vil, fig 3.
Srakeo River, Sian.
1Gould did not figure this, but the figure in the Conchologia Indica accurately
represents his species, judging from a cotype in Lea’s collection, sent him by Dr.
Gould. A number of these Psendodons are very close, and it is quite probable that
some of them must be united when sufficient material is studied.
838 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX,
PSEUDODON THOMSONI Morlet.
* Pseudodon thomsoni MORLET, Jl. de Conch., XXXII, 1884, p.401, pl. x11, figs.
2, 2a.
y)
a
* Margaritana thomsoni P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 174.
Cambodia.
+tPSEUDODON SALWENIANUS Gould.
* Anodon salwenianad GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. Hist., I, 1844, p. 160.
* Anodonta salweniana GOULD, Otia Conch., 1862, p. 193.
* Pseudodon salweniana CONRAD, Am. Jl. Conch., I, 1865, p. 238.
* Monocondylaa salweniana P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 174.
* Unio salwenianus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI., 1868, pl. xcIv, fig. 513.
* Margaron (Monocondylea) salweniana LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 72.
* Pseudodon salwenianum HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 5, pl. rx,
fig. 4. ;
* Unio salwenianus P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 166.
River Salwen, British Burma.
+PSEUDODON MORELETI Crosse and Fischer.
* Monocondylaa tumida DESHAYES and JULLIEN, Nouy. Arch. de Mus., X, 1874,
p. 117, pl. v, figs. 1-3.}
*Pseudodon moreleti CROSSE and FiscHER, Jl. de Conch., XX V, 1876, p. 330.
Cainbodia.
+PSEUDODON CAMBODJENSIS Petit.
* Monocondylea cambodjensis PETIT, Jl. de Conch., VI, 1865, p. 1." P2TEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 174.
* Margaron (Monocondylea) cambodjensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 72.
* Pseudodon cambodjensis CONRAD, Am. J]. Conch., I, 1865, p. 233.—*MoRteE?, J. de
Conch., XXXII, 1866, p. 266.
Cambodia; Tonkin.
PSEUDODON CHAPERI de Morgan.
* Pseudodus chaperi DE MORGAN, Bull. Soc. Zool. de Fr., X, 1885, p. 423, pl. 1x,
figs. 1, 2.
Cambodia; Sian.
The following species is unfigured:
PSEUDODON NICOBARICUS Méorch.
Alasmodonta (subg.?) nicobarica MOrcH, JI. de Conch., XX, 1872, p. 327.2
Nicobar Islands.
1 This fine, large shell which Deshayes and Jullien supposed to be P. tumidus of
Morelet is quite a different thing, and Crosse and Fischer have given it a new name.
2Morch describes the above under the name Alasmodonta (subgenus?) nicobarica,
and credits it to Fabricius. The Mytilus nicobaricus of the latter was only a nomen
nudum. Morch says his species is close to Anodonta zollingeri.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAITADES—SIMPSON. §39
Section BINEURUS Simpson, 1900.
Shell elongate rhomboid, thin, rounded in front, widely and feebly
biangulate behind, having two or more raised radiating lines on the
posterior slope, which is somewhat obliquely wrinkled; beaks low; sur-
face finely, irregularly, concentrically grooved; epidermis olive; teeth
smooth, compressed; nacre bluish. Animal unknown.
(Type, Monocondylewa mouhoti Lea.)
+PSEUDODON MOUHOTI Lea.
* Monocondylea mouhoti Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 190. .
* Pseudodon manhotti CONRAD, Am. Jl. Conch., I, 1865, p. 233.
* Monocondylaa mouhotiana LEA, J], Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 65, pl. xx1,
fig. 62; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 69, pl. x x1, fig. 62.—* Clessin, Conch. Cab. Ano.,
1876, p. 261, pl. LXxx11, figs. 1, 2,—* PmTEeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 175.
* Margaron (monocondylwa) mouhotiana LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 73.
* Unio mouhotianus SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xcu, fig. 503.
* Pseudodon mouhotianus MORELET, Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p. 339.
Cambodia; Siam.
PSEUDODON EXILIS Morelet.
* Monocondylus exilis MORELET, JI. de Conch., XIV, 1866, p. 63.
* Pseudodon exilis MORELET, Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p. 340, pl. xvii, fig. 1.
Perak.
PSEUDODON AVA Theobald.
* Monocondylea uva THEOBALD, Jl. As. Soc. Beng., XLII, Pt. 2, 1873, p. 209, pl.
WAWAGG, Tye, Ilse!
Mandelay, Burma.
Section NASUS Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Pseudodon nankingensis Heude. )
Shell somewhat solid, rather inflated, much elongated, with a well-
developed posterior ridge, with a low, faint one above it, bluntly pointed
at post-basal part; beaks not high, eroded in the specimens seen; epi-
dermis dark; teeth compressed, high.’
Animal unknown.
tPSEUDODON NANKINGENSIS Heude.
* Monocondylea nankingensis HkupDs, Jl. de Conch., XXII, 1874, p. 116; Conch.
Fluv. Nank., I, 1875, pl. rv, fig. 9.
* Monocondylea nankingensis P ®TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 174.
Rivers of Nankin.
1T am not certain that this belongs in this group.
2T have seen only a single shell of each of the two species of this group, both very
badly eroded and decayed, so that I can not give the characters accurately. The
animals may show that they are not closely related to the ordinary Pseudodons.
840 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL
+PSEUDODON SECUNDUS Heude.
* Pseudodon secundus HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., III, 1877, pl. xvi, fig. 38.
Unio secundus P®TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 167.
River How, China.
Section OBOVALIS Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Pseudodon loomisi Simpson.)
Shell obovate subinflated, with a low, rounded posterior ridge, and
with radiating wrinkles on the posterior slope; disk nearly free from
wrinkles; epidermis blackish; there is a high, triangular tooth in each
valve; laterals very faint, rounded; nacre coppery.
Animal unknown.
+ PSEUDODON LOOMISI Simpson.
* Pseudodon loomisi SIMPSON, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 84, pl. rv, fig. 7.
Japan.
The following are unfigured or indeterminate species.
Monocondylea walpolet HANLEY, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1871, p. 587. Borneo.
Spatha compressa VON MaRrTews, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, p.66. Siam.
Pseudodon sulcatum ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Phil., 7th ser., VI, 1882, p. 41. Me-
kong River, Cochin China.
Pseudodon pierri ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Phil., VI, 1882, p.41. Cochin China.
Pseudodon mabillei ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Phil., VI, 1882, p.41. Cochin China,
Cambodia.
Pseudodon anodontinus ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Phil., VI, 1882, p. 41. Cambodia.
Genus PARREYSIA Conrad, 18858.
(Type, Unio multidentatus Philippi.)
Parreysia CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 267.:
Shell solid, inflated, oval to subrhomboid, with full, high, zigzag,
radially sculptured beaks, the sculpture often extending over the disk;
epidermis smooth and bright, sometimes a little rayed, with two irreg-
ular pseudocardinals in the left valve which are more or less broken
into ragged denticles or are strongly, vertically striate, and two later-
als, the lower the larger; right valve with one, sometimes two pseudo-
cardinals, the upper small, compressed, and a few tubercles behind
them, with two laterals, the upper the larger; cavity of the beaks
rather deep, not compressed; dorsal scars under the hinge, not visible;
the two upper anterior muscle scars. very deep, coniluent, the lower
linear; nacre white to salmon, iridescent behind.
Animal unknown.
Subgenus PARREYSIA Conrad, 1853.
Characters the same as the genus.
1In the above reference Conrad gives the name Parreysia and refers to Unio multi-
dentatus Parreyss, which may be taken as the type. I do not know that he ever
described the group.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. S41
(Group of Parreysia corrugata.)
Shell having the middle of the basal region swollen, beak sculpture
strong, the central ridges generally united at their lower points to form
chevron-shaped markings.
tPARREYSIA CORRUGATA Miiller.
* Mya corrugata MULLER,’ Verm. Terr. et Fluv., 1774, Pt. 2, p. 214; * Besch. Ges,
Nat. Ber., 1V, 1779, p. 56, pl. 1110, figs..7, 8.—*GMELIN,” Sys. Nat., 13th ed.,
1788, p.3221.—* ScHrRoTER, Fluss, Conch., 1779, p. 181, pl. 1x, fig.3.—* Woop,
Gen.Conch., I, 1815, p. 108, pl. xx1v, figs. 1-3.—* DILLWYN, Cat., I, 1817, p.52.—
Mawe, Linn. Conch., 1823, pl. rv, fig. 3.—* Woop, Ind. Test., 1825, p. 12, pl. 11,
fig. 31a; 1856, rev. ed., p. 16, pl. 11, fig. 31.
_ * Unio corrugata LAMARCK,® An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 78.—* DesHayeEs, Enc.
Meth., II, 1827, p. 584, pl. ccxLvil1l, fig. 8.
* Unio (Potamida) corrugata SWAINSON, Tr. on Mal., 1840, p. 268, fig. 515 p. 281,
fig. 57.
* Unio corrugata RETZIUS, Diss. Hist. Nat., 1778, p. 18.—* SPENGLER, Skriv. Selsk.
Nat., III, 1793, p. 68.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 197; *Biv. Shells, 1843,p.
197.—* CaTLow and REEVE,Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 57.--* H. and A. ADAMs,
Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, pp. 493, 497.—-* KusrEer, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862,
p. 289, pl. xcvu, figs. 3, 4.—* BLaANrorp, Jl. As. Soc. Beng., XXXV, 1867,
p. 136. —* SowERByY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXx1, fig. 360. —* HANLEY
and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 21, pl. xLv, figs. 2-5. —* PaTEL, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 149.
* Margarita (Unio) corrugatus LBA, Syn., 1836, p. 29; 1838, p. 21.
* Margaron (Unio) corrugatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 20; 1870, p. 30.
* Mya spuria GMELIN, Syst. Nat., 13th ed., 1788, p.3°22; ~ Woon, Gen. Conch., I,
1815, p. 110.—* Lamarck, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 80.
Mya gaditana ScureiBERs, Versuch., 1793, p.
* Unio multidentatus PHILIPPI,+ Conch., III, 1847, p. 46, pl. 11, fig. 4.—* KusTER,
Conch. Cab. Unio., 1856, p. 186, pl. XxxvVI, fig.5.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 160.
* Margaron ( Unio) multidentatus La, Syn., 1870, p. 50.
* Unio fulmineus PHivipri,® Conch., III, 1847, p. 46, pl. 1, figs. 5, 6.—* KUSTER,
Conch. Cab. Unio., 1862, p. 286, pl. XcVI, figs. 2, 3.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 153.
* Unio lutens LEA,6 Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 93.
* Unio luteus LEA, Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1II, 1857, p. 291., pl. xxiv, fig. 4; “Obs.,
VI, 1857, p. 11, pl. xxrv, fig. 4.
'Miiller’s description of Mya corrugata is inadequate, but in the Beschaftigungen
it is further discussed and characteristic figures are given of the species we know
as Unio corrugatus of India.
2Refers to Conch. Cab. VI, pl. m1, fig. 22, which is probably Miiller’s shell.
Chemnitz refers to it as Mya corrugata teste ovali, etc. The shell referred to by him
in Conch. Cab., X, p. 346, as Mya corrugata magna, etc., is avery different thing.
3Lamarck refers to. Enc. Meth. Pt. 19, 1797, pl. ccxLvul, figs. 6, 8a, b. Iam not
at all sure that fig. 6 is the corrugatus of Miiller.
4Credited by Philippi to Parreyss. I think there can be no doubt that this is the
Mya corrugata of Miiller, as the figure and description entirely agree with the species
as we know it.
5Parreyss is the author, according to Philippi. This and multidentatus are credited
by Philippi to Australia. No shells like these have ever been found there.
6 Lutens in text, by error no doubt.
S42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
* Margaron (Unio) luteus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 46.
* 2 Unio semirugatus CHENU, I]. Conch., 1858, pl. x11, figs. 2, 2a.
*Unio merodabensis KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 233, pl. Lxxvui, fig. 4.—
*BLANFORD, J. As. Soc. Beng., XXXV, 1866, p. 142.—* PxTeEL, Conch. Sam.,
ITI, 1890, p. 159.
*Unio wynegungensis HANLEY and THEroBALD,! Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 21, pl. XLv,
fig. 6
* Unio tennenti HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 22, pl. xiv, figs. 7-9.—
*PaxTEL, Conch. Sam., II], 1890, p. 169.
*Unio phayresi THEOBALD, manuscript.
PARREYSIA CORRUGATA var. LAXVIROSTRIS Benson.
“Unio levirostris BENSON, Ann. and Mag., 1862, p. 192; *Jl. As. Soc. Beng., 1862,
XXXV, p. 144.—* P&reL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 157.
*Unio corrugatus var. levirostris HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 21,
pl. xiv, figs. 5, 6.—* Parr, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 149.
| PARREYSIA CORRUGATA var. NAGPOORENSIS Lea.
*Unio nagpoorensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 331; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 270, pl. Xv, fig. 150; “Obs., VII, 1860, p. 88, pl. xLy, fig.
150.—* BLANFORD, J]. As. Soc. Beng., XXXV, 1866, p. 143.
*Margaron (Unio) nagpoorensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 38.
*Unio corrugatus Miill. var. nagpoorensis HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Tas
1876, p. 21.—P£TEL, Conch. Sam., 1890, p. 149.
India; Burma.?
+PARREYSIA WYNEGUNGZENSIS Lea.
* Unio wynegungensis LHa,? Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 331; *JI. Ac. N.
Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 271. pl. xiv, fig. 151; “Obs., VII, 1860, p. 89, pl. xLv,
fig. 151.—* BLANFORD, Jl. As. Soe. Benen XXXV, 1866, p. 143.—* SOWERBY,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LX vil, p. 339.—* P&TEeL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890,
p. 172.
* Margaron (Unio) wynegungensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 50.
Wynegunga River, Bengal.
tPARREYSIA FAVIDENS Benson.
*% Mya spuria Wood, Ind. Test., 1825, p.12, pl. 11, fig. 35a.
*Unio favidens BENSON,’ Ann. Aur Mag., X, 1862, p. 188; *Jl. As. Soc. Beng.,
XXXV, 1867, p. 188.—*HaniEy and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 6,
pl. x1, fig. 1.—* ReEvE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, p].xxv1, fig. 131.—* PareEt,
Conch. Sam., ILI, 1890, p. 152.
* Margaron (Unio) favidens LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 38.
* Unio flavidens P®TEL, Conch. Sam., ILI, 1890, p. 152.
*Unio trirostris MUSGRAVE, Hanley Phot. Conch., 1863, pl. 11, fig. 9.—* HANLEY
and THEOBALD,* Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 6, pl. x1, fig. 6.—* Pa TEL, Conch.
Sain., III, 1890, p. 170.
1T think this is corrugatus and not the wynegungensis of Lea.
2Heavier, more elongated .and pointed behind than corrugata, yet probably only
a variety of it.
3 Several varieties, marcens, trigona, deltw, chrysis, viridula, and densa are given by
Benson, which hardly seem to me to be worth mentioning.
4This = U. tripartitus of Lea, with a darker epidermis and a more pronounced
basal swelling. There is every variation in the coloring and swelling.
NO, 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 843
t * Unio tripartitus Lma, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 190; *Jl. Ac. N. Sei.
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 57, pl. x1x, fig.55; “~Obs., XI, 1867, p. 61, pl. XIX, fig. 55.
*Margaron (Unio) tripartitus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 35.!
*Unio favidens var. marcens BENSON, Ann. and Mag,, X, 1862, p. 188.
*“Unio marcens HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 19, pl. xu, figs.
4-6.—* PmTet, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 158.
*Unio smaragdites BENSON, Ann. and Mag., X, 1862, p. 190.—* BLanrorp, JI. As.
Soc. Beng., XX XV, 1866, p. 147.—* HANLEy and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876,
p.5, pl. x, fig. 5.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 167.
PARREYSIA FAVIDENS var. PINAX Benson.
* Unio pinax BENSON, Ann. and Mag., 1862, p. 192; “Jl. As. Soc. Beng., XXXV, 1866,
p. 144.
*Unio favidens var. pinaz HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p.6, pl. Xx,
fig. 2,—* PmreL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 152.
PARREYSIA FAVIDENS var. PLAGIOSOMA Benson.
*Unio plagiosoma BENSON, Ann. and Mag., X, 1862, p. 191; “Jl. As. Soc. Beng.,
XXXV, 1866, p. 144.
*Unio favidens var. plagiosoma HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 6,
pl. x1, fig. 3.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 152.
_ India. :
+ PARREYSIA BHAMOENSIS Theobald.
* Unio bhamoensis THEOBALD, JI. As. Soc. Beng., XLII, 1874, Pt. 2, p. 207, pl. xvi,
fig. 1.—* ? HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 62, pl. CLV, fig. 2.—
* P£TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 146. j
*+ Unio mandelayensis THEOBALD, Jl. As. Soc. Beng., XLU, 1874, p. 208, pl. xvi,
fig. 2.—* Hantey and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 62, pl. cLtv. fig. 4.—
* Paw TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 158.
Burma.
+PARREYSIA FEDDENI Theobald.
*Unio feddeni THEOBALD, Jl. As. Soc. Beng., XLII, 1874, p. 208, pl. xvu, fig. 3.?
Penugunga River, Central India.
+PARREYSIA TAVOYENSIS Gould.
*Unio tavoyensis GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. Hist., I, 1843, p. 140.—* CaTLow and
REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64.—*KusrEr, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 166,
pl. xiv, fig. 2.—* GouLp, Otia Conch., 1862, p. 1£0.—* Rrrve, Conch. Icon.,
XVI., 1864, pl. xu, fig. 49.3—* BLaNrorD, Jl. As. Soc. Beng., XXXV, 1866,
p. 148..-* HanLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 62, pl. CLIV, figs. 6, 7.—
*PeTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 169.
*Margaron (Unio) tavoyensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 31.
*Unio savoyensis P®TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 166.
*Unio parma BENSON, Sowerby Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xcv, fig. 514.—
* HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 61, pl. cLiy, fig. 1.—* P&TEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 162.
1Lea claims that his species has triple laterals in the left valve. Specimens of
favidens have the same character, and there is much variation in this particular.
2A young specimen in the U. S. National Museum collection from Morelet’s collec-
tion is a good deal like P. favidens.
3Gould did not figure this, but Reeve’s figure agrees well with the types.
844 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII,
+PARREYSIA TAVOYENSIS var. TRIEMBOLUS Benson.
* Unio triembolus BENSON, Jl. As. Soc. Beng., XX XY, 1855, p. 144; *Ann. and Mag.,
X, 1862, p. 190.—* Hantey and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 43, pl. cv,
fig, 2.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 170.
*+ Unio houngdaranicus TAPPERONE-CANEFRI, Ann. Mus. Civ., VII, 1889, p. 341.
Burma; India.
tPARREYSIA VULCANA Hanley.
*Unio vuleanus HANLEY, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1875, p. 606.—* HANLEY and THEO-
BALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 62, pl. CLY, fig. 3.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,
105 LUIS
Burma; Pegu.
+PARREYSIA FE Tapperone-Canefri.
* Unio few TAPPERONE-CANEFRI, Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen., 2d ser., VII, 1889, p. 340.!
Meetan River, Burma.
+PARREYSIA RAJAHENSIS Lea.
(* Unio rajahensis La, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., II, 1841, p. 30; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII,
1842, p. 239, pl. xxi11, fig. 53; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 77, pl. xx11, fig.53.—* H. and
A. ApAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—*CHENU, Ill. Conch.. 1858, pl.
XXVI, figs. 3, 3a, 3b.—* PmreL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 165.
(* Margaron (Unio) rajahensis Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 38.
‘ * Unio indicus SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. XL, fig. 222.—* HANLEY and
THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 43, pl. cv, fig. 1.
, * Margaron (Unio) indicus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 31.
: India.
(Group of Parreysia rugosa.)
Shell rather solid, elliptical to subtrapezoidal; beaks full, with zig-zag-
radial sculpture and fine corrugations and granules over the surface
of the shell.
+tPARREYSIA RUGOSA Gmelin.
*Mya rugosa GMELIN, Syst. Nat., 13th ed., 1788, p. 83222.°—*Woop, Gen. Conch. I,
1815, p. 109.—*DILLWwyn, Cat. I, 1817, p.53.—~ Woop, Ind. Test., 1825, p. 12, pl.
HI, fig. 38a; rev. ed., 1856, p. 16, pl. m1, fig. 33.
i * Unio rugosus KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 290, pl. xcvu, fig. 5.—* BLAN-
FORD, Jl. As. Soc. Beng., XX XV, 1867, p. 187.—*Pa&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,
p. 166.
Coromandel.
1Not figured. Shells in the U.S. National Museum from Fea show this to be a valid
species.
2Gmelin refers to the Mya corrugata magna, etc., of Chemnitz, in the Conch. Cab.,
X, p. 376, pl. cLXX, fig. 1649. There is a shell in Lea’s collection from the Vellaur
River, southeast India, which seems to be this species.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 845
+PARREYSIA CORBIS Hanley.
*Unio corbis HANLEY, Biy. Shells, 1856, p. 386, pl. xx, fig. 43.'—*HANLEY and
THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 22, pl. XLV, fig. 10.
*Margaron (Unio) corbis Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 50.
Assam.
+PARREYSIA BURMANUS Blanford.
* Unio burmanus BLANFORD, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, p. 449.
* Unio birmanus HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 19, pl. xu, fig. 1.—
*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 146
Burma.
+PARREYSIA SIKKIMENSIS Lea.
*Unio sikkimensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 151; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., IV, 1859, p. 251, pl. XxxIXx, fig. 131; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 69, pl. XxxxIx,
fig. 131.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxVI, fig. 400.—* HANLEY
and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 6, pl. x1, fig. 4, p. 44, pl. cvu, figs. 6, 7.—
*P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 167.
*Margaron (Unio) sikkimensis LrA, Syn., 1870, p. 64.
Sikkim, India.
+PARREYSIA GOWHATTENENSIS Theobald.
* Unio gowhattenensis THEOBALD, Jl. As. Soc. Beng., XLII, 1873, p. 208, pl. xvii, fig.
4,—*P.£TEL, Conch. Saim., III, 1890, p. 154.
Gowhatti, in Assam.
PARREYSIA SIMPULARIS Heude.
*Unio modestus HEUDE, ? Conch. Fluv. Nank., II, 1877, pl. x1v, fig. 29.
* Unio simpularis HEUDE, Jl. de Conch., XX XII, 1884, p. 20.—*P&TEL, Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 167.
China.
PARREYSIA TRISULCATA Heude.
*Unio trisulcatus HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., VIII, 1883, pl. Lv, fig. 108.
China.
(Group of Parreysia leopoldvillensis.)
Shell rounded rhomboid, somewhat inflated, subsolid, with a rounded
postridge; beaks full, the sculpture strongly and regularly zigzag-radial
and extending well over the body of the shell; pseudocardinals heavy,
subcompressed, crenate; anterior scars deep.
1 Credited to Benson manuscript.
2The name modestus has been used by authors for a Brazilian Unio, but I can
not find that it was ever described. Later Kuster used the name for a Chilean
species; hence Heude changed his first name to simpularis. It is quite probable
that this species should be placed in a separate group.
846 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
PARREYSIA LEOPOLDVILLENSIS Putzeys.
Unio leopoldvillensis PutTzHyYS, Proc. Verb. Soc. Ma). Belg., XX VII, 1898,p. XXviI,
figs 12, 13.1
(Group of Parreysia bakeri.)
Shell small, inflated, oval, rounded in front, bluntly pointed behind,
inflated at or behind the central base; beaks full, high, sculptured with
very strong, zigzag bars which extend part way over the disk and end
rather suddenly, below which the shell is smooth; posterior ridge well
developed, rounded; two compressed pseudocardinals and one lateral
in the right valve, two pseudocardinals and two laterals in the left
valve.’ ;
. PARREYSIA BAKERI H. Adams.
* Unio bakeri H. ADAMS, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 376.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 145.—* Smiru, Ann. and Mag., X, 1892, p. 126, pl. x11, fig. 11.—* VON
Martens, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 231, pl. vm, fig. 6.
Lake Albert Nyanza, Central Africa.
PARREYSIA STUHLMANNI von Martens.
* Unio stuhlmanni VON MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 251, pl. vu, fig. 13.
Albert Edward Lake, Central Africa.
NODULARIA HAUTTECOEURI Bourguignat.
*Unio hautiecoeuri BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Ny. Ouk., 1883, p. 5, figs. 1-3.—* von
Martens, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 232, pl. 1, fig. 23; vil, fig. 3.
NODULARIA HAUTTECOEURI var. EDWARDSIANA Bourguignat.
* Unio edwardsianus BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Ny. Ouk., 1883, p. 12, figs. 7, 9.
Lake Victoria Nyanza, Central Africa.
PARREYSIA DUPONTI Rochebrune.
* Reneus duponti ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., XL, 1881, p. 481.
* Unio duponti ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soe. Philom., VI, 1882, p. 34.—* BOURGUIGNAT,
Moll. Ny. Ouk., 1883, p. 8, figs. 10-12.—* PTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 151.
* Unio bakeri VON MARTENS, Sitzber. Ges. Nat. Fr., 1879, p. 104.
* Unio grandidieri BoURGUIGNAT, Moll. Ny. Ouk., 1883, p. 7, figs. 4-6.—* PATEL,
Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 154.—*von Martens, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1874, p.
233.
Lake Victoria Nyanza.
PARREYSIA RUELLANI Bourguignat.
*Unio ruellani BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Ny. Ouk. 1883, p. 10, figs. 16-18.—* PaTEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 166.—*von Martens, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p.
235.
Lake Victoria Nyanza.
1T have not seen this species, and I place it here with some doubt.
2T adopt this group with practically the same limits as given by von Martens in
the Beschalte. Unfortunately I have never seen any species belonging to it.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON, S47
PARREYSIA MULTICOLOR von Martens.
* Unio multicolor VON MARTENS, Besch. Deuts, Ost-Af., 1897, p. 236, pi. vit. fig. 4.
Lake Victoria Nyanza.
PARREYSIA NGESIANUS von Martens.
=
~ Unio ngesianus VON MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 234, pl. vit. fig.
Lake Albert Edward Nyanza.
The following unfigured species are placed in this group bv von
Martens:
Unio billotianus CHARMES, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., II, 1885, p. 170, Bagamoyo, Central
Africa.
Unio euphymus CHARMES, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., II, 1885, p. 171, Bagamoyo.
Unio dumesleanus CHARMES, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., II, 1885, p. 168, Bagamoyo.
(Group of Parreysia fabagina.)
Shell very small and solid, inflated, compressed on the sides, rhomboid,
with a high, sharp posterior ridge and high beaks, having zigzag-radial
sculpture sometimes extended over the disk, the posterior slope fur-
nished with upeurved plications; pseudocardinals heavy, torn, one in
the right valve, two in the left; muscular impressions circular, the
anterior very deep.
PARREYSIA FABAGINA Deshayes.
*Unio fabagina DESHAYES, Nouy. Arch. de Mus., X, 1874, p. 128, pl. vu, figs. 4-6.—
*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1899, p. 152.—*FiscuEr, Bull. Soc. d’Hist. Nat.
Autun., 1891, p. 140.
Mekong River, Cambodia.
PARREYSIA BROTI Deshayes.
* Unio broti DESHAYES, Nouv. Arch. de Mus., X, 1874, p. 129, pl. vi, figs. 1-3.—
* CROSSE and FISCHER, J]. de Conch. XXV I, p. 823.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 146.
Mekong River, Cambodia.
(Group of Parreysia nyassaensis. )
}
Shell small, solid, inflated, triangular to rhomboid, the base straight
or even a little arcuate, but sometimes having a slight fullness behind
the central part; a high, well-defined posterior ridge ends at the post
base and is sometimes slightly double; posterior slope abrupt; beaks
high, with zigzag-radial sculpture, the bars approaching and often
coalescing behind the center of the disk, the whole shell frequently
corrugate sculptured; epidermis greenish, often slightly rayed; teeth
solid, much like those of typical Parreysia; nacre white or bluish,
sometimes microscopically, granularly radiate outside the palleal line;
beak cavities not deep; anterior scars distinct.
Animal unknown.
848 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
+PARREYSIA NYASSAENSIS Lea.
* Unio nyassaensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1864, p. 108; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 33, pl. x11, fig. 832; ~ Obs., XI, 1867, p. 37, pl. x11, fig. 32.—
* Smit, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 298, pl. XxxIv, fig. 34. —* Pa TEL, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 161.—*Ancry, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., VI, 1894, p. 225.—
*Vvon MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 230.
* Margaron (Unio) nyassaensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 30.
* Unio nyasse SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. XLI, figs. 224, 224a, 2240.
* Unio nyassanus BOURGUIGNAT, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., VI, 1889, p. 38.
* Unio hermosus BOURGUIGNAT, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., VI, 1889, p. 38.—* ANCEY,
Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., VII, 1894, p. 226.!
Lake Nyassa, Central Africa.
+PARREYSIA KIRKII Lea.
* Unio kirkit Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1864, p. 108; “Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VI, 1866, p. 32, pl. x11, fig. 30; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 36, pl. x11, fig. 30.—* Bour-
GUIGNAT, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., VI, 1889, p. 38.—* Ancry, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr.
VII, 1894, p. 225.—* von MaRTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 229.
* Margaron (Unio) kirkit Lma, Syn., 1870, p. 30.
Lake Nyassa.
PARREYSIA UJIJIENSIS Bourguignat.
* Unio nyassaensis var., SMITH, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 298, pl. Xxxrv, fig. 34.2
* Grandidieria wjijiensis BOURGUIGNAT, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., II, 1885, p. 7.
Lake Tanganyika.
tPARREYSIA AFERULA Lea.
* Unio aferula Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1864, p. 109.
* Unio aferulus LEA, Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 34, pl. xin, fig. 34; *Obs.,
XI, 1867, p. 38, pl. x111, fig. 34.—* BouRGUIGNaT, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., VI, 1889,
p. 388.—*ANCEY, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., VII, 1894, p. 226.
* Margaron (Unio) aferulus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 30.
Lake Nyassa.
PARREYSIA MONCETI Bourguignat.
*Unio monceti BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Ny. Ouk., 1883, p. 15, figs. 13-15.—* von
MarTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 228.
Lake Victoria, Nyanza.
'. A. Smith, in Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1877, p. 719; 1893, p. 640, believes that Unio
kirki Lea and aferulus Lea are but varieties of Unio nyassaensis, and that Unio hermosus
Bourguignat is identical with it. It is possible that the three forms of Lea may
blend together, but the types are so distinct that I do not feel justified in uniting
them even as varieties one of another.
2There is some confusion about this shell. The form on pl. xxxiv, which Smith
probably refers to in the text as fig. 34) is simply fig. 34 on the plate, and is, I think,
a distinct species, which has received the name of wijiensis from Bourguignat.
There is no fig. 34) on the plate. His 34a, which Smith calls var. tanganyicensis, is
U. nyassaensis Lea. Bourguignat probably alluded to the fig. 34 when he bestowed
his name, although he speaks of the var. tanganyicensis Smith. These must not be
confounded with the original Unio tanganyicensis of Smith, which is a very different
thing. ,
|
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 849
PARREYSIA HYPSIPRIMNUS von Martens.
* Unio hypsiprimnus VON MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 230, pl. vu,
ier Ist
Lake Nyassa.
(Group of Parreysia molleuri.)
Shell subquadrate, solid, inflated, rounded in front, truncated behind,
with high beaks, the sculpture of which was not observed, and a strong,
sharp, curved posterior ridge; surface concentrically grooved; pseudo-
cardinals thick, short, cut up with vertical grooves; laterals curved;
nacre white.
PARREYSIA MOLLEURI Morlet.
*Unio molleuri MoRLET, J]. de Conch., XX XIX, 1891, p. 242, pl. vit, fig. 4.
Valley of the Mekong River.
Subgenus AURORA Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Unio auroreus Heude.)
Shell small, ovate, subinflated, pointed behind, rather solid, with
high, small beaks and strong, corrugated sculpture, which extends over
half the disk in somewhat lachrymous, zigzag ridges and nodules, the
outer part of the disk apparently having one or more strong, concen-
tric ridges, the posterior slope being radiately ridged and nodulous;
epidermis fulvous, beautifully and delicately green radiated; pseudo-
cardinals conical, truncate, striate; laterals lamellar; nacre orange.”
PARREYSIA AUROREA Heude.
* Unio auroreus HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., VIII, 1883, pl. nvr, fig. 106.-—
*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 145.
‘China.
Subgenus PSEUDOBAPHIA Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Unio biestanus Heude.)
Shell large, oval, inflated, gaping in front and behind, rather solic,
with full beaks, the beak sculpture not seen, posterior part distinctly
biangular; ligament large; epidermis smooth, brownish, somewhat
rayed, right valve with a large, irregular pseudocardinal in front of the
beak, with a pit in front of it; behind it on the hinge are numerous
denticles, and at some distance behind two very faint laterals; left valve
with two large pseudocardinals, one behind the other, and two remote
1] am not positive as to the systematic position of this and the last two species. The
figure of the latter is from a very badly eroded shell, and it is difficult to tell what its
affinities are. :
*Heude’s brief Latin description so poorly describes the peculiar species placed
here that I can not be sure where it belongs, and that it should not have generic
rank. I place it here provisionally.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii
o4
850 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX
blurred laterals; two upper anterior muscle scars united, very deep;
posterior scars united, the lower long and oblique; beak cavities very
large, deep; nacre flesh colored, dull.’
Animal unknown.
tPARREYSIA BIESIANA Heude.
“Unio biesianus HeupE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., II, 1877, pl. xiv, fig. 30.—* Pa& TEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 146.
China.
Subgenus ACUTICOSTA Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Unio chinensis Lea.)
Shell pointed behind, produced at the center of the base, inflated,
solid, with a sharp, pinched-up, but vanishing posterior ridge, beaks full,
the sculpture strong, zigzag radial; epidermis smooth, rayed; pseudo-
cardinals somewhat compressed, vertically ridged, ragged; laterals well
developed, strongly obliquely ridged and granular.
t PARREYSIA CHINENSIS Lea.
* Unio chinensis LEA, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 150; * Jl. Ac. Nat. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1868, p. 325, pl. Li, fig. 188; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 85, pl. Lil, fig.
138.—* PareL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148.
> Margaron ( Unio) chinensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 30.
PARREYSIA CHINENSIS var. SQUAMMOSUS Heude.
* Unio sinensis var. squammosus Heupr, Conch. Fluy. Nank., VIII, 1883, pl.
LVIll, fig. 113.
PARREYSIA CHINENSIS var. LAQVIS Heude.
* Unio squammosus var. levis HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., VIII, 1883, pl. Lrx,
fig. 116.
China.
PARREYSIA RETIARIA Heude.
* Unio retiarius HrupE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., VIII, 1883, pl. Lv, fig. 107.—
* PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 165.
China.
Genus PTYCHORHYNCHUS Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Unio pfisteri Heude.)
Shell elongate, elliptical, round in front, pointed behind, the point
being midway of the height of the shell, solid, slightly inflated, with
a faint posterior ridge; beaks rather low, sculpture not seen; the pos-
terior slope sculptured with strong, upeurved ridges, which sometimes
extend slightly on to the disk, which is otherwise smooth and shining;
left valve with two rather stumpy, roughened pseudocardinals and 1 or 2
'Heude says the beaks are corrugated.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. S51
somewhat blurred granulous laterals; right valve with a single blunt
pseudocardinal, the hinge line in front of it being excavated, and a
curious blurred lateral which is sometimes slightly split up; beak cav-
ities shallow; dorsal scars few; nacre whitish. Animal unknown.
(Group of Ptychobranchus pfisteri.)
Characters as in the genus.
+ PTCHORHYNCHUS PFISTERI Heude.
* Unio pfisteri HEUDE, Jl. de Conck., XXII, 1874, p. 112; *~Conch. Fluv. Nank., I,
1875, pl.1, fig. 1.—* P@TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 163.
PTYCHORHYNCHUS PFISTERI var. INSPIRATUS Heude.
* Unio pfisteri var. inspiratus HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., II, 1877, pl. xiv, fig. 28.—
*P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155.
Nankin River, China.
+PTYCHORHYNCHUS MEDIASTINUS Heude.!
* Unio mediastinus HeuprE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., VIII, 1883, pl. Uxi, fig. 123.—
*P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 158.
China.
(Group of Ptychorhynchus apicellatus.)
Shell subrhomboid, more or less biangulate behind.
PTYCHORHYNCHUS APICELLATUS Heude.
“Unio apicellatus HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., VIII, 1883, pl. ux111, fig. 126.
China.
PTYCHORHYNCHUS SCHOMBURGIANUS Heude.
*Unio schomburgianus HEUDE, Jl. de Conch., XL, p. 314; * Conch. Fluy. Nank., IX,
1885, pl. Lx xu, fig. 189.—* Pax TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 167.
Isle of Hainan, China.
PTYCHORHYNCHUS INCERTUS Simpson.
*Unio compressus HEUDE,? Conch. Fluy. Nank., III, 1877, pl. xxiv, fig. 52.—
* PHTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148.
~Unio murinus HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., VIII, 1883, pl. Lxi1, fig. 121.
“Unio morinus PATEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 160.
China.
Genus VIRGUS, Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Unio beccarianus Tapperone Caneffi. )
Shell rather solid, elongated, inequilateral, compressed, rounded in
front, nearly straight below, the dorsal line as far back as the hinder
' Probably oaly a variety of P. pfisteri.
2The name compressus has been twice used previously for a Unio. I change it here
to incertus.
852 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIL.
end of the ligament parallel with the base, behind the ligament the
shell is obliquely truncate, the truncation somewhat upeurved, the
shell ending in a rounded point at the posterior base; posterior ridge
elevated, rounded, with sculpture radiating from it above and below;
beaks rather low, radially ridged; pseudocardinals small, generally two
in each valve; laterals rather short, club-shaped, one in the right and
two in the left valve. Animal unknown.
(Group of Virgus beccarianus.
Shell having the posterior ridge high and rounded, outlined on each
side by a sulcus, the radiations from this ridge rather fine; surfaze
concentrically sculptured.
VIRGUS BECCARIANUS Tapperone Canefri.
* Unio beccarianus TAPPERONE CANEFRI, Ann. Mus. Genoy., XIX, 1883, p. 291, pl.
XI, fig. 2.—* P#TEL, Conch. Saim., III, 1890, p. 145.
Fly River, New Guinea.
(Group of Virgus mattiroli.)
Posterior ridge full, rounded, not outlined by sulci, covered with
very strong corrugated ridges which curve outward each way from the
center, the remainder of the shell smooth.
VIRGUS MATTIROLI Tapperone Canefri.
* Unio mattiroli TAPPERONE CANEFRI, Ann. Mus. Genoy., XIX, 1883, p. 292, pl.
XI, fig. 1.—*P#®TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 158.
Fly River, New Guinea.
(Group of Virgus misoolensis.)
Posterior ridge merely rounded, with radiating folds scattered over
the shell, pseudocardinals two in the left valve and one in the right.
VIRGUS MISOOLENSIS Schepman.
*Unio misoolensis SCHEPMAN, Notes from Leyd. Mus., XVIII, 1896, p. 259, fig.—
* DROUET, Jl. de Conch., XLV, 1897, p. 125.
Misool, Borneo.
Genus CTENODESMA Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Unio borneensis Issel. )
Shell subtrapezoid to long elliptical, rather thin, compressed, with a
scarcely developed posterior ridge and low beaks whose sculpture is
densely zigzag radial, becoming finely corrugated or nodulous on the
disk and extending over most of the shell; the disk concentrically
striate or sulcate at its outer edge; pseudocardinals one to two in each
valve, very diverse in form, but showing a tendency to break up into
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 853
denticles; one lateral and sometimes a faint secondary one in the left
valve and two in the right; dorsal scars few, diversified in form, and
variously disposed in the shallow beak cavities; anterior muscle scars
united; nacre whitish.
Animal unknown.
+ CTENODESMA BORNEENSIS Issel.
*Unio plicatulus Lea,! Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 152; Jl. Ac. Nat. Sci.
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 247, pl. xxxvit, fig. 126; ~Obs., VII, 1860, p. 65, pl.
XXXVH, fig. 126.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxu, fig. 102.—
* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., II, 1890, p. 163.
*Margaron (Unio) plicatulus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 31.
*Unio borneensis ISSEL, Moll. Borneo, 1874, p. 1138.
* Unio penisatus FISCHER and CROSSE,” Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 599.
Borneo.
+CTENODESMA GUPPYI Smith.
*Unio guppyit SMITH, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, p. 608, pl. xxxvuj, figs. 88a,
88).—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., IT], 1890, p. 154.
Shortland Island; Solomon Islands.
Genus RECTIDENS Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Unio prolongatus Drouet. )
Shell elongated, with an angle at the anterior dorsal part, pointed
and slightly biangulate behind, moderately solid, with two or three
posterior ridges, the lower the higher; beaks full, sculpture not observed
but probably zigzag radial; the posterior slope, and often part of the
disk, covered with faint, granular radiating sculpture; epidermis smooth,
olive; one compressed, short, recurved pseudocardinal in the left valve
under the beak, with a very long one in front of it, and two laterals; two
compressed pseudocardinals in the right valve, and a single lateral; all
the teeth straight or nearly so; anterior muscle scars separate; beak
cavities rather shallow; only one or two dorsal sears in each valve;
nacre white or reddish.
Animal unknown.
tRECTIDENS SUMATRENSIS Dunker.
*Unio sumatrensis DUNKER, Zeits. fiir Mal., IX, 1852, p. 52.—* PFEIFFER, Nov.
Conch., II, 1866, p. 152, pl. Xx xIx, figs. 10-12.—* voN MaRTENsS, Mal. B1., XIV,
1866, p. 15.-—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 169.
Lake Dana I nar, Sumatra.
1Lea’s name was preoccupied by Kuster, or Charpentier, for a Mexican species in
1856. The name proposed by Issel in 1874 will have to be used.
2Proposed by Fischer and Crosse, because Lea’s name plicatulus was preoccupied
by Kuster.
854 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL
+RECTIDENS LINGULATUS Drouet and Chaper.
*Unio lingulatus DROUET and CHAPER, Mém. Soc. Zool. Fr., V, 1892, p. 148, pl. v,
figs. 7-9.—* DROUET, Jl. de Conch, XLI, 1893, p. 42.
Borneo.
+RECTIDENS PROLONGATUS Drouet.
*Unio prolongatus DROUET, Rey. Biol. Nord Fr., VI, 1894, p. 216; * Jl. de Conch.,
XLIII, 1895, p. 36.—* KoBeEtr, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XXIV, 1897, p. 87, pl. x1,
figs. 1, 2.
Borneo.
RECTIDENS PERAKENSIS de Morgan.
*Unio perakensis DE MorGAN, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., X, 1885, p. 424, pl. rx, figs.
3, 4.—* PmTeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 163.
Perak.
RECTIDENS PAHANGENSIS Smith.
* Unio pahangensis E. A. SmirH, Pr. Mal. Soc. Lond., III, 1899, p. 315, fig.
Pahang River, Malay Peninsula. Exceedingly near to O. lingulatus
Drouet and Chaper.
Genus LAMELLIDENS Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Unio marginalis Lamarck.)
Shell elongate, elliptical, pointed behind, with a slight post-dorsal
wing, a low, often biangulate posterior ridge, and generally two sharp,
radiating lire above it; beaks with curved, radiating ridges which
sometimes are slightly zigzag and often become almost concentric, but
which fade out as they approach each other at the center of the disk;
epidermis smooth, generally shining, brownish, often with concentric
bands of lighter color, rayless or nearly so; left valve with two com-
pressed pseudocardinals, the front one roughened, and two laterals;
right valve with two parallel, lamellar pseudocardinals and one lateral;
cavity of the beaks rather shallow; dorsal sears few, deep, distinct,
scattered; anterior scars separate; nacre bluish white to straw.
Animal unknown.
Subgenus LAMELLEDENS Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Unio marginalis Lamarck. )
Shell dark colored; teeth well developed.
| LAMELLIDENS MARGINALIS Lamarck.
“Die breite Mahler-Muschel aus Grénland, SCHROTER, Flussce., 1779, p. 181, pi. IX,
foun
*? Unio groenlandicus MOrcH, Am. Jl. Conch., IV, 1868, p. 38.!
*? Unio testudinarius SPENGLER, Skriv. Selsk. Nat., III, 1793, p. 65.—* P#TEL,
Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 169.
‘The name groenlandicus can not stand for this species, since Schréter did not use
his appellation in anything but a descriptive sense. The species is found only in
India, no Naiad being known from Greenland.
NO, 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 855
—
*? Unio truncatus SPENGLER, Skriv. Selsk. Nat., III, 1793, p. 65.—? Scur6 mr,
Arch. Zool. Zoot. 1802, II, 2 Stiick, p. 107.
*Unio marginalis LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 79..—*DESHAYES, Ene.
Méth. II, 1827, p. 151, pl. ccxivut, fig. 1.—* HaNnLEy, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 206;
* Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 206, pl. Xx, fig. 53. —* CarLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom.,
1845, p. 61.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.—* Kustrr,
Conch, Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 239, pl. Lxxx, fig. 4.—* SowrrRBy, Conch. Icon.,
XVI, 1867, pl. LIX, fig. 297.—* HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p.
20, pl. XLII, fig. 2.—* Pa TrEeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 158.
* Margarita (Unio) marginalis Lra, Syn., 1836, p. 37; 1838, p. 24,
* Margaron (Unio) marginalis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 38; 1870, p. 60.
*Unio anodontina LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 80.—* DesHayEs, An.
sans Vert., VI, 1835, p. 546; II, 1839, p. 671.
*Unio anodontinus KustER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 240, pl. LXxx, fig. 15.—
* PATEL, Conch. Sam., ILI, 1890, p. 144.
~+Symphynota bilineata LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 98, pl. x1, fig. 19;
*Obs., I, 1834, p. 108, pl. x1, fig. 19.
*Margarita (Unio) bilineatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 38; 1838, p. 25.
*Unio bilineatus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 207; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 207, pl.
XXI, fig. 30.—*CATLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 56.—* H. and A.
ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.—* SowerRBy, Conch. Icon., XVI,
1868, pl. LXXx1, fig. 365.
*Margaron (Unio) bilineatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 38; 1870, p. 61.
*2? Unio evanescens MoussoN, Moll. Java, 1849, p. 91, pl. xvu, fig. 2.
tLAMELLIDENS MARGINALIS var. OBESUS Hanley and Theobald.
* Unio marginalis var. obesa HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 20, pl.
XLII, fig. 3.
* ? Unio corrianus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxvu, fig. 401.
tLAMELLIDENS MARGINALIS var. TRICOLOR Kuster.
~ Unio tricolor KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 156, pl. xLv, fig. 1.—* JICKELI,.
Faun. Moll. N. O. Af., 1874, p. 275.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 170.
* Unio marginalis var. tricolor HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 20,
pl. xu, fig. 5. ‘elie
LAMELLIDENS MARGINALIS var. CANDAHARICUS Hanley and Theobald.
* Unio marginalis var. candaharica HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1870, p.
20, pl. XL, fig. 4.
tLAMELLIDENS MARGINALIS var. CYLINDRICUS Hanley and Theobald.
* Unio marginalis var. cylindrica HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p.
20, pl. xxiv, fig. 1.
LAMELLIDENS MARGINALIS var. HANLEYI Simpson.
* Unio marginalis var. corriana HANLEY and THEOBOLD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p.
20, pl. XLIv, fig. 4.2
India; Burma; Pegu; Ceylon; Canton River,China?. I believe that
Mouswon’s U. evanescens is L. marginalis, but can it be from Java?
1T use Lamarck’s name for this species because the U. testudinarius and truncatus
were only briefly and imperfectly described, and never figured, their habitats being
given as Greenland. Lamarck refers to the figures in Enc. Méth., pl. 247, figs. 1,
la, 1b, 1c, which very accurately represent the shell we know as Unio marginalis.
2 Not Lea’s corrianus at all, but very different. I change the name to hanleyt.
856 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
+LAMELLIDENS PULCHER Tapperone-Canefri.
* Unio pulcher TAPPERONE-CANEFRI, Ann. Mus. Civ., VII, 1889, p. 350.!
Houngdaran, Burma.
LAMELLIDENS EXANTHEMATICUS Kuster.
* Unio exanthematicus KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 248, pl. LXxXx1, fig. 2,—
*P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 152.
East Indies.
+LAMELLIDENS THWAITESII Lea.
Unio thwaitesii LBA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p.152; * Jl. Ac. N. Sei. Phila.,
IV, 1860, p. 246, pl. xxxvul, fig. 125; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 64, pl. xxxvil, fig.
125.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxi, fig. 105.—* HANLEY and
THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 20, pl. xii, fig. 1.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 169. x
* Margaron (Unio) thivaitesti Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 41.
* Unio consobrinus HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 19, pl. xl, fig. 7.
Ceylon.
+ LAMELLIDENS CONSOBRINUS Lea.
*Unio consobrinus Lea,? Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 331; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci,
Phila., 1860, p. 272, pl. xLy, fig. 152; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 90, pl. xLv, fig. 152,—
* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148.
* Margaron (Unio) consobrinus Lua, Syn., 1870, p. 46.
*Unio corbeti DESCHAMPS, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., X VII, 1892, p. 68, fig.3
China; India; Ceylon.
+LAMELLIDENS LAMELLATUS Lea.
*Unio lamellatus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 19, pl. v1, fig. 16; *Obs., II,
1838, p. 19, pl. v1, fig. 16.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir. Nat., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 234.—
“HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 194; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 194, pl. x x1, fig. 49.—
*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.60.—*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen.
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—* CuEnu, Il]. Conch., 1858, pl. xx11, figs. 3, 3a,
3b.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. Lu, fig. 272.—* HANLEY and
THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 21, pl. XLIv, fig. 7.—* P@TEL, Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 126.
* Margarita (Unio) lamellatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 26; 1888, p. 20.
* Margaron (Unio) lamellatus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 46.
* + Unio layardit Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 153; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1860, p. 243, pl. XXXVI, fig. 122; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 61, pl. xx xvVJ, fig. 122.—
* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. x xu, fig. 111.—* HaNLEY and THEO-
BALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 19, pl. x11, fig. 1.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 157.
* Margaron ( Unio) layardii Lua, Syn., 1870, p. 46.
India; Ceylon.
‘Only a Latin description is given. We have two shells in the U.S. National
Museum from the type lot, and it is, perhaps, a valid species, close to marginalis.
2 Possibly only a variety of thwaitesii.
Unio mainwaringi Nevill. Shells have been several times received bearing this
name, which seem to me to be only consobrinus. I can not find that Nevill ever
described the species.
ee Te
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 857
LAMELLIDENS SCUTUM Sowerby.
* Unio scutum SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xcry, fig. 510..—* HanLry
and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 22, pl. xvi, fig. 1.—* PaTrn, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 167.
Tenasserim.
+LAMELLIDENS CORRIANUS Lea.
* Unio corrianus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1834, p. 65, pl. 1x, fig. 25; * Obs., I,
1834, p. 177, pl. 1x, fig. 25.—* Haney, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 207; * Biv. Shells,
1843, p. 207, pl. xx, fig. 60.—* CatLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.
57.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.—* Parr, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 149.
* Margarita (Unio) corrianus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 38; 1838, p. 25.
* Margaron (Unio) corrianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 38; 1870, p. 61.
India; Burma; Pegu.
+LAMELLIDENS GENEROSUS Gould.
* Unio generosus GOULD, Pr. Bost. 8S. N. Hist., II, 1847, p. 220; * Otia Conch.,
1862, p. 210.—* HaNLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 22, pl. XLVI,
fig. 4.—* PmtTeEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 153.
* Margaron (Unio) generosus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 29.
*? Unio lamellatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xcrv, fig. 511.
Burma; Pegu.
+LAMELLIDENS CANEFRIANUS Simpson.
*Unio protensus TAPPERONE-CANEFRI,”? Am. Mus. Civ. Gen., VII, 1889, p. 349.
Prome, Lower Burma.
;+;LAMELLIDENS JENKINSIANUS Benson.3
*Unio jenkinsonianus BENSON, Ann. and Mag., X, 1862, p. 185.—* HANLEY and
THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 19, pl. x11, fig. 4.—* Pa1EL, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 155.
Assan.
Subgenus SPATHOPSIS, Simpson. 1900.
(Type, Anodonta guillaini Recluz.)
Shell long, elliptical, compressed, beaks rather low, said to bear con-
centrically roughened ridges, with slight plications in front and behind
them; posterior ridge not developed; surface shining, smooth; hinge
line narrow, with faint, greatly elongated pseudocardinals and iaterals;
1 Credited by Sowerby to Benson.
2Preoccupied by Lea in 1865 for a North Carolina Unio, hence the name is changed
as above.
>This is figured by Hanley and Theobald as a heavy sbell, shaped much like an old
Unio buckleyi, and quite different from the other species of the genus. But there
is in the U.S. National Museum collection a specimen which is much thinner than
the figured shell, and more nearly approaching marginalis in form.
858° PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
escutcheon deep, triangular; beak cavities shallow; anterior muscle
scars elongated; posterior faint; iridescent behind.!
Animal unknown.
LAMELLIDENS GUILLAINI Recluz.
* Inodonta guillaini RECLUZ, Jl. de Conch,, I, 1850, p.55; * Zeits. fur Mal., VII, 1851,
p. 140.—* Cross, J]. de Conch., XX XI, 1883, p. 222, pl. 1x, fig. 4.—* PATEL,
Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 180.
Brava, northeast Africa, in the Somali country.
Genus TRAPEZOIDEUS Simpson.
(Type, Unio foliacea Gould.)
Shell trapezoid, much compressed, with a low posterior ridge, and
but slightly raised though pointed beaks, which seem to be sculptured
with irregularly radial ridges arranged in two imperfect chevron-shaped
loops; surface concentrically sculptured, often having irregular radial
ridges on the posterior slope; epidermis yellowish-green or brownish,
with two or more green rays above the posterior ridge; teeth com-
pressed; two pseudocardinals in the left valve, one under the beak, the
other in front, often not well separated, and two laterals; right valve
with two pseudocardinals and one lateral; pseudocardinals all irregu-
lar, often pitted and peculiarly dentellate; laterals granular, showing
traces of vertical striation; cavity of the beaks rather deep, compressed ;
muscle sears shallow, anterior scars separate; nacre soft, creamy, yel-
lowish in the beak cavities.
Animal unknown.
+ TRAPEZOIDEUS FOLIACEUS Gould.
* Unio foliacea GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. Hist., I, 1843, p. 141; * Otia Conch., 1862,
1a Bil
* Unio foliaceus CATLOW and REEVE, Conck. Nom., 1845, p.59.—* H.and A. ADAMS,
Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—* HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876,
p. 19, pl. xxi, fig. 3.—* ANDERSON, Yunnan Exp., 1877, p. 900, pl. LXxx, figs.
8-12.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 153.
* Margaron (Unio) foliaceus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 39; 1870, p. 62.
~t Unio peguensis ANTHONY, Am. Jl. Conch., I, 1865, p. 351, pl. xxv, fig. 2.—
* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xcv, fig. 519.—* P& TEL, Conch. Sam.,
ITI, 1890, p. 162.
*Margaron (Unio) peguensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 51.
TRAPEZOIDEUS FOLIACEUS var. COMPTUS Deshayes and Jullien.
~ Unio comptus DESHAYES and JULLIEN, Nouv. Arch. de Mus., X, 1874, p. 126, pl. v1,
figs. 3, 4.
~ Unio fragiles NEVILL, Jl. As. Soc. Beng., XLVI, 1877, p. 39.—* ANDERSON, Yunnan
Exp., 1877, p. 400, pl. Lx xx, figs, 8-12.
Burma; Cambodia.
'T hardly know where to place this, as the description is lacking in several essen-
tial characters. It is probable that the beak sculpture is much like that of Lamelli-
dens instead of being properly concentric, and it may be a subgenus of that group.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 859
+TRAPEZOIDENS MISELLUS Morelet.
* Unio misellus MORELET, Jl. de Conch., XIII, 1865, p.21; *Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p.
341, pl. xiv, fig. 2.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 159.
*+ Unio siamensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., X, 1866, p. 133; *J1. Ac. N. Sei. Phila.,
VI, 1868, p. 279, pl. xxxvin, fig. 93; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 39, pl. xxxvutt, fig. 93.
* Margaron (Unio) siamensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p.57.
TRAPEZOIDEUS PALLEGOIXI Sowerby.
* Anodon pallegoixt SOWERBY,! Conch. Icen., XVII, 1867. pl. xvi1, fig. 17.
*Anodonta pallegoiri CLESssIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 210, pl. LxIv, fig. 6.—
*PHTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 183.
Siam; Cambodia.
TRAPEZOIDEUS PENINSULARIS Simpson.
-* Unio sumatrensis SOWERBY,? Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxviu, fig. 142.
Sumatra.
TRAPEZOIDEUS EXOLESCENS Gould.’
*Unio exolescens GOULD, Pr. Bost. 8. N. Hist., I, 1848, p. 141.—*CaTLow and
REEVE, Conch. Nom., i845, p. 59.—*H. and A. ADAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., IT,
1857, p. 493.—* HaANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 43, pl. cvu,
fig. 5, —* PTE, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 152.
*Margaron (Unio) erolescens LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p. 51.
Tavoy, Burma.
: TRAPEZOIDEUS THECA Benson.
*Unio theca BENSON, Ann. and Mag., X, 1862, p. 186.—* HANLEY and THEOBALD,
Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 6, pl. x1, fig. 5.—* PZ TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 169.
Cane River, Bundelkhund, India.
Genus ARCONATIA Conrad, 1865.
(Type, Triquetra lanceolata Lea. )
* Arconaia CONRAD, Am. J1. Conch., I, 1865, p. 234.
Shell greatly elongated, inflated, solid, twisted on its axis, sometimes
- straight, but generally having the posterior end curved strongly to the
right or left, with a decided posterior ridge on both sides of the shell,
ending in a blunt point, with usually a small ridge above on the post
Slope; beaks rather low, sculpture not seen, but probably zigzag radial;
' Sowerby says nothing about teeth in his shell, whichis from Siam. The teeth of
Lea’s specimen of U. siamensis are scarcely developed, and a comparison of his shell
with Sowerby’s figure convinces me that they are very nearly allied. Lea’s figure
shows the shell biangulate behind, which is an error.
2This is not Lea’s swmatrensis, nor that of Dunker. I have therefore changed the
name to peninsularis. I am not certain as to its relations. It is not U. comptus
Deshayes and Jullien, as Fischer believes
3 Gould did not figure this, and I have not seen the type. Theshell figured as this
by Hanley and Theobald in the Conchologia probably belongs here.
860 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
often a few nodulous or wavy ridges cross the body of the shell,
which is irregularly suleate; epidermis rayless; two pseudocardinals
in the right valve, the upper compressed, separated from the split-up
lower one by a parallel-sidedpit, two in the left, and two heavy laterals;
one lateral in the right and a vestige of one below it; laterals granu-
lated and vertically striate; muscle scars deep, anterior small, the front
and upper united, the hinder separate, posterior muscle scars long,
oblique; beak cavities very shallow; dorsal scars numerous, placed
just on the inner edge of the hinge; nacre white. The lobes of the man-
tle are not united into siphons, but separated throughout, with only a
feeble commissure separating the anal and branchial openings.
(Group of Arconaia lanceolata.)
Shell with an anterior wing.
+ARCONAIA LANCEOLATA Lea.
* Triquetra lanceolata Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 79.
* Hyria lanceolata Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1856, p. 300.
* Arconaia lanceolata CONRAD, Am. Jl. Conch., I, 1865, p. 234.
* Triquetra contorta LEA,! Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 300; *~Obs., VI, 1857,
p. 39, pl. xxx, fig. 33; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1858, p. 319, pl. xxx1n,
fig. 33.
*Hyria contorta SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. 1, figs.2.a, 2b.—* Pa& TEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 189.
*Margaron (Triquetra) contorta Lra, Syn., 1870, p. 26.
* Unio contortus HEupE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., II, 1877, pl. xv. fig. 31.
China.
+ARCONAIA MUTICA Heude
*Unio contortus var. muticus HeuDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., II, 1877, pl. xv, fig. 32.
China.
(Group of Arconaia conjungens.)
Shell moderately solid, slightly twisted and bent, rounded in front;
pseudocardinals not so much torn asin the lanceolata group; not winged
in front.
ARCONAIA CONJUNGENS Heude.
* Unio contortus var. conjungens HEuDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., II, 1877, pl. xv, fig. 33.
China.
Genus PSEUDAVICULA Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Unio johnstoni Smith. )
Shell rather solid, inflated, with a well-developed anterior and pos-
terior dorsal wing; dorsal line strongly incurved; beaks full, not high; a
' The specific name was changed to contorta by Lea, because he thought his earlier
name, lanceolata, was less appropriate.
eae See
Ee ene ae See ae
- hee it
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. S61
high, down-curved posterior ridge runs to the posterior basal point, and
between this point and the posterior point of the wing the outline is
deeply incurved; base and lower part of anterior end rounded; surface
slightly sculptured with concentric ridges; beak sculpture probably
zigzag rayed; anterior tooth of left valve elongate, slightly corru-
gated, that of the right double; laterals in left valve double, single
in the right, straight, elongated, thin, and prominent; nacre, rose
tinted.
Animal unknown.
PSEUDAVICULA JOHNSTONI Smith.
Unio (metaptera) johnstoni SmiruH, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1893, p. 640, pl. LIx, figs.
18-20.!
Lake Mweru, British Central Africa.
Genus ARCIDOPSIS Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Unio footet Theobald.)
Shell inequilateral, elongated, with dorsal and ventral lines nearly
straight and parallel; anterior end strongly and obliquely truncated
from the beaks to the anterior base, and ending in a rather sharp but
rounded point below; posterior end obliquely truncated above, rounded
below; posterior ridge full, rounded; the shell in front and below rather
compressed; surface concentrically and radially ridged; pseudocardi-
nals strong, two in the right valve, one in the left, and supported by a
strong, cardinal rib; muscle sears well impressed; parallel line dis-
tinct. Animal unknown.’
ARCIDOPSIS FOOTEI Theobald.
* Unio footei THEOBALD, J]. As. Soc. Beng., XLV, 1876, p. 187, pl. x1v, figs, 9, 9a.
Kistna River, India.
The following are indeterminate Oriental Unionide:
Unio acrorrhynchus VON MARTENS, 8. B. Nat Fr., 1894, p. 214. Korea.
Unio alfierianus BOURGUIGNAT, Voy. Choa, 1885, p. 48. Choa, Central Africa.
Unio antiniloticus BOURGUIGNAT, Bull. Soe. Zool. Fr., XI, 1880, p. 482, pl. xu, fig. 5.
High Senegal.
Unio ascia HANLEY, Biy. Shells, 1856, p. 385.
Unio bridouxi BOURGUIGNAT, Un. & Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 138. Lake Tanganyika.
Unio cyamus PHiLipPl, Zeits fiir Mal., VIII, 1852, p. 125. 8S. Africa.
Unio diespiter MABILLE, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., IV, 1887, p. 162. Tonkin.
Unio dolichorhynchus TAPPERONE CANEFRI, Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen., 1889, p. 348.
Mercato de Mandelay.
1A remarkable Naiad, closely imitating some of the South American Prisodons in
general appearance, to which it may be nearly allied.
2 Unfortunately Theobald’s Latin description of Unio footei is not at all complete.
No laterals are mentioned, and he says nothing of the color of the epidermis or of
thenacre. The beaks were too much worn in his specimens to give any characters.
The shell resembles some of the Arcas of the Barbatia group, and may not belong to
the Unionidae at all.
862 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXL
Unio forscali PARREYSS. Where described? Egypt. |
Unio gianelli TAPPERONE CANEFRI, Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen., 1889, p. 353. Mercato de
Mandelay.
Unio gibbus SPENGLER, Skriv. Selsk. Nat., III, 1793, p. 64. Tranquebar.
Unio gladiator ANCEY, Le Nat., III, 1881, p. 468. Tonkin.
Unio gottschei VON MARTENS, 8. B. Nat. Fr., 1894, p.215. Korea.
Unio grantianus BouRGUIGNAT, Moll. Ny. Ouk., 1883, p.14. Lake Oukerewe,
Central Africa,
Unio guillemeti BOURGUIGNAT, Un. & Ir. Tan., 1886, p.15. Lake Tanganyika,
Unio hagnei STRUBELL, Nach. Mal. Ges., 1897, p. 10. Sumatra.
Unio hamyanus BOURGUIGNAT, Voy. Choa., 1885, p.42. Central Ethiopia.
Unio idgi BoURGUIGNAT Moll. Terr. et Fluy. Choa, 1885, p. 39. Choa, Africa.
Unio ilqui SOLEILET, Voy. Choa, 1885, p. 40. Central Ethiopia.
Unio inequalis ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Philom., 1882, p. 44. Mekong.
Unio jaculus ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Philom., 1882, p.44. Mekong.
Unio josseti BOURGUIGNAT, Un. & Ir. Tan., 1886, p.19. Lake Tanganyika.
Unio jouberti BoURGUIGNAT, Un. & Ir. Tan., 1886, p.8. Lake Tanganyika.
Unio lavigerinus BOURGUIGNAT, Un. & Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 14. Lake Tanganyika.
Unio ligula Mousson, L. & 8. W. Moll. Java, 1849, p.94. Java.
Unio longitudinatus ANTON, Verz der Conch. 18389, p.?
Diplodon ludovicianum ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Phil., 1882, p.43. Mekong.
Unio madagascariensis SGANZIN, Mem. Soc. Hist. Strab., 1846, p. 8. Mahoupa
River, Madagascar. No figure.
Unio menardi BOURGUIGNAT, Un. & Ir. Tan., 1886, p.20. Lake Tanganyika.
Unio meneliki SOLILLET, Voy. Choa, 1885, p.41. Central Ethiopia.
Unio moineti BOURGUIGNAT, Un. & Iv. Tan., 1886, p.11. Lake Tanganyika.
Unio palembangensis STRUBELL, Nach. Mal. Ges., i887, p.10. Sumatra.
Dysnomia pavonina ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Phil., 1882, p.48. Cochin China.
Unio pliculosus VON MARTENS, 8. B. Nat. Fr., 1894, p.216. Korea.
Unio schweinfurthi VON MARTENS, 8S. B. Nat. Fr., 1886, p.127. Egypt.
Unio sitifensis MORELET, J]. de Conch., 1853, p. 298.
Unio soleilleti BOURGUIGNAT, Voy. Choa, 1885, p. 39. Central Ethiopia.
Loncosilla solenoides RAFINESQUE, Cont. Mon., 1831, p.7. Jellinghy River, Bengal.
Unio subamygdalinus DROUET, J1. de Conch., 1895, p. 33. West Africa.
Unio truncatus SPENGLER, Skiv. Selsk. Nat., III, 1795, p.66. Tranquabar.
Unio verrucifer VON MARTENS, S. B. Nat. Fr., 1894, p. 216. Korea.
Unio vinckei BoURGUIGNAT, Un. & Iv. Tan., 1886, p.18. Lake Tanganyika.
Unio visserti BOURGUIGNAT, Un. & Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 21. Lake Tanganyika.
Zaira elegans ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., III, 1886, p. 12.
Zairia poirieri ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., III, 1886, p. 11.
Zaina araneosa ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., III, 1886, p. 11.
Zairia sordida ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soe. Mal. Fr., III, 1886, p. 18.
Zaira disciformis ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., III. 1886, p. 10.
The last five from the Kongo. I know nothing whatever of the genus
Zaira. It may be merely a new name for the section Celatura of the
genus Nodularia. It was proposed by Rochebrune.!
TeAUMie @ Rud AVE); S:
Male and female shells alike, dull-colored; beak sculpture nearly or
quite radial marsupinum occupying the entire inner branchie, forming
a pad-like mass.
1 Bull. Soe. Mal. Fr., 1886, p. 1.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 863
Genus THTRAPLODON Spix, 1827.
Castalia LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 66.
Tetraplodon Sprx, Test. Fluv. Bras., 1827, p. 32.
Prisodon LEA, Synopsis, 1852, p. 18.
Shell triangular, solid, inflated, with a high, sharp, posterior ridge,
behind which it is decidedly truncated; beaks very full and high,
sculpture strictly radial, or.with one or two pairs of the central bars
coalescing below, the whole extending more or less over the disk as
strong ridges; epidermis thick, dark, dull colored; hinge line arched;
there is a very strong, compressed pseudocardinal in the left valve, and
there are two in the right, all in front of the beaks; behind them are
several denticles; one lateral in the right valve and two in the left; all
the teeth strongly vertically ridged; beak cavities deep, not com-
pressed; anterior muscle scars small, deep; nacre whitish.
Animal having the labial palpi wider than long; margins of mantle
inferiorly open, but united posteriorly to form two siphons, branchial
and anal; branchial opening surrounded with papille; anal opening
smooth; outer branchie united to the mantle to their posterior ends;
inner united to the abdominal sac; foot tongue-shaped, thick, produced
anteriorly. (Troschel.)
(Type, Tetraplodon pectinatum Spix.)!
(Group of Tetraptodon ambiguus characters, as in the genus.)
t TETRAPLODON AMBIGUUS (Lamarck) Sowerby.”
*? Prisodon truncatus SCHUMACKER, Ess. Nouv. Syst., 1817, p. 139.
*? Castalia ambiqua LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 67; GUERIN, Icon. Regne.
An., 1829, pl. xxvu1.—* Wyatt, Man. Conch., 1838, p.65, pl. x1, fig. 5.—
* CHENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 149, fig. 735.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVII,
1869, pl. 1, fig. 1.
* Unio ambigua DESHAYES, Tr. Elem. Conch., 1839, p. 18, pl. XOCER, figs. 7-9.
* Unio ambiguus SOWERBY, Rec. and Fos. Shells, X V1, 1823, fig. d.—* REEVE,
Conch. Syst., 1841, p. 117, pl. rxxvu, fig. 2.—* CaTrLow and REEVE, Conch.
Nom., 1845, p 55.—* DESHAYES, Tr. Elem., II, 1853, p. 219, pl. xxrx, figs. 7-9.—
*KuSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 165, pl. xLvm1, fig. 1.
* Tetraplodon pectinatum Sp1x, Test. Fluv. Bras.,1827, p.32, pl. xxv, figs. 3-4.
“t+ Castalia inflata D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 43.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842;
p. 173; * Biv. Shells, 1848, p. 173, pl. xxiv, fig. 12.—*pb’ORBIGNY, Voy. Am.
Mer., 1843, p.598, pl. Lx xu, figs. 4-10.
“t Castalia turgida HuPE, Moll. Nouv., III, 1857, p. 76, pl. x1v, fig. 1.—* SOWERBY,
Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. 111, fig. 11.
1 The name Castalia applied by Lamarck to this genus in 1819 can not stand, as it
was used in Vermes in 1817. I have every reason to suppose that the young in this
and all the South American genera of Unionide are carried in the inner gills.
?Schumacher gave only a brief description of his Prisodon truncatus, and referred
to no figure, and the same can be said of Lamarck regarding his Castalia ambigua,
both of which are supposed by authors to be the above species. But either of these
descriptions apply equally well to several species, therefore they can not be con-
sidered authentic.
864 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEOM. VOL, XXII.
*t Castalia hanleyana SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. 1, fig. 5.—* Pa Tet,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 189. ;
* Castalia carolinensis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. 11, fig. 6.—
*P2TEL, Conch. §am., ILI, 1890, p. 189.
* Castalia cordata STROBEL, Mat. Mal., Pt. I, 1874, p. 75.
Amazon and Rio de la Plata River systems.
| TETRAPLODON QUADRILATERUM d’Orbigny.
* Castalia quadrilatera D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., No. 62, 1835, p. 42.—* HANLEY,
Test. Moll., 1842, p. 173; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 173.—*D’ORBIGNY, Voy. Am.
Mer , 1843, p.599, pl. Lxx111.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., XIII, 1847, Pt. 1,
p. 222.—* VON IHERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1893, p. 89.
* Mya ambigua Woop, Ind. Test. Rev., 1856, p. 200, pl. 1 (supp.), fig. 9.
* Castalia acuticosta HuPE, Moll. Nouv., III, 1857, p. 77, pl. xv, fig. 3.—* SOWERBY,
Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. 111, figs. 12, 12a, 12b.—* Pa@TEL, Conch. Sam.,
TEN L890 pa 1So:
* Castalia cordata H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll, II, 1857, p. 509, pl. cxx; III,
figs. 2, 2a.—*SowrERBy, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. 11, fig. 3.—*P& TEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 189.
* Castalia latiquadrata SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. 11, fig. 10.—*PaTEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 189.
Tropical South America east of the Andes. Perhaps a form of am-
biguus.
+TETRAPLODON OVATUS Sowerby.
* Castalia ovata SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. 1, fig. 4.—* Pa TEL, Conch
Sam., III, 1890, p. 189.
Brazil.
+TETRAPLODON RETUSUS Hupe.
* Castalia ambigua SOWERBY, Conch. Man., 1839, fig. 140.
* Castalia retusa HUPE, Moll. Nouv., III, 1857, p. 75, pl. xiv, fig. 2.—*SowERBY,
Conch. Icon., X VII, 1869, pl. 1, fig. 2,—* PTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 189.
Guiana.
TETRAPLODON QUADRATUS Sowerby.
x
* Castalia quadrata SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. 1, figs. 7, Ta, 7b.—=
*P TEL, Conch. Sam., ILI, 1890, p. 189.
TETRAPLODON SCHOMBERGIANUS Sowerby.
*Castalia schombergiana SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. xiv, fig. 3.—
* PHTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 189.
Guiana.
(Group of Tetraplodon multisulcatus.)
Shell small, somewhat compressed, with a moderate posterior ridge,
and covered throughout with delicate ridges; teeth more Unionoid than
in the typical Tetraplodons.
Animal unknown.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 865
TETRAPLODON MULTISULCATUS Hupe.
* Castalia ambigua BLAINVILLE, Man., 1825, p. 539, pl. LX v1, fig. 4.
“Castalia multisuleata HuPE, Moll. Nouvy., III, 1857, p. 75, pl. x1v, fig. 4.—* Sow-
ERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. 1, figs. 9, 9a, 9b.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 189.
Brazil.
TETRAPLODON ECARINATUS Mousson.
“Castalia ecarinata Mousson, Mal. Bl, XVI, 1869, p. 185.—* PrErrrER, Nov.
Conch., IV, 1876, p. 140, pl. cxxx1, figs. 9, 10.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,
p. 189.
Puerto Nuevo, Magdalena River, Colombia.
TETRAPLODON CROSSEANUS Hidalgo.
* Castalia crosseana HIDALGO, Jl. de Conch., XIII, 1865, pp. 316, 429, pl. xrv, fig.
2.—* PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 189.
Imbabura, Ecuador.
Genus CASTALINA Von Ihering, 1891.
Castalina VON IHERING, Zool. Anzeiger, 1891, p. 478.
Shell somewhat triangular, inflated, but having the sides a little flat-
tened, solid, with a strong posterior ridge, the subtruncate posterior
Slope rising almost to a wing above; beaks full, high, with nearly
strictly radial sculpture; surface slightly, irregularly, concentrically
sulcate, sometimes a little corrugated; posterior slope generally plicate
or corrugated; epidermis thick, rayless, blackish; hinge plate arched,
wide; two to several radial pseudocardinals in each valve; two verti-
cally or obliquely striate laterals in the left valve and one in the right;
beak cavities deep; anterior muscle scars deep, united; nacre whitish.
Animal, probably very much like that of Tetraplodon, but with the
mantle closed or open at the branchial and anal openings.
(Type, Castalina martensi von Ihering.)
(Group of Castalina martenst.)
Characters as in the genus.
tCASTALINA MARTENSI von Ihering.
* Castalina martenst VON IHERING, Zool. Anz., XIV, 1891, p.477; Arch. fiir Nat.,
1893, p. 81, pl. 11, fig. 5.
Southern Brazil.
tCASTALINA NEHRINGI von Ihering.
Castalina nehringi VON THERING, Zool. Anz., XIV, 1891, p. 477; * Arch. fiir
Nat., 1893, p. 75, pl. 111, fig. 4.
Southern Brazil.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii
55
866 © +=PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
+tCASTALINA PSAMMOICA d’Orbigny.
*Unio psammoica D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 85; * Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p. 608,
pl. Lxx1, figs. 4-7.—* KusTEeR, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 263, pl. LXxxvil,
fig. 4.
“Castalina psammoica VON IHERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1893, p. 79.
*Margaron (Unio) psammoicus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 19; 1870, p. 30.
* Unio psammoicus H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. MollL., IT, 1857, p. 498.—* SowErBy,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xc1, fig. 507.—* ParerL, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 164.
Tributaries of the Rio de la Plata.
+CASTALINA UNDOSA von Martens.
*Castalia wndosa VON MARTENS, S. B. Nat. Fr., 1885, p. 148; * Conch. Mitth., III,
1885, p. 19, pl. xu, figs. 2, 3.—P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 190.—von
IneRING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1893, p. 84.—* NEwrRING, Jl]. de Conch., 1894, p. 82.
Southern Brazil.
(Group of Castalina orbignyt.)
Shell irregularly rhomboid, somewhat compressed, equilateral, ante-
rior end rounded, posterior truncate, having a wide, shallow, radiating
furrow above the rounded posterior ridge which causes a sinuosity in
the outline; epidermis brownish yellow, hinge crenate; one pseudo-
cardinal in the left valve and two in the right, which are jagged or
somewhat broken up; laterals elongate and striate.
CASTALINA ORBIGNYI Hupe and Deville.1
*Unio orbignyt Hupz and DEVILLE, Rev. et Mag., 1850, p. 645, pl. xvi, fig. 1.—
*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.
*Margaron ( Unio) orbignyi LEa, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 37.
*Unio orbignyana Hupr, Moll. Nouv., III, 1857, p. 83, pl. xv, fig. 1.
*Unio @orbignyanus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xcv1, fig. 523.
* Unio orbignyanus PaTEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 162.
Upper Amazon.
Genus CASTALIELLA Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Castalia sulcata Krauss.)
Shell subtriangular, greatly inflated, subsolid and strongly sulcate;
beaks high, the sculpture regularly radiate; posterior ridge well defined
and sharp; epidermis reddish chestnut; hinge line narrow, arched; there
are two vertically striate pseudocardinals in the right valve, separated
by a parallel-sided socket, the lower the larger and split, and three in the
left standing side by side, the middle one the largest, the lower two
torn, with a few small tubercles in each valve behind them; one granular
‘IT do not know just wheve to place this species, never having seen it, and the
descriptions not being full in essential details. It is probably a Castalina. No men-
tion is made of sculpture, but from the figure it seems to be slightly sulcate.
_——s eC
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. S67
lateral in the right valve and two in the left, which show traces of
vertical striation; beak cavities deep, not compressed; nacre purple.!
Animal unknown.
fCASTALIELLA SULCATA Krauss.
*Castalia sulcata Krauss, Zeits. fiir Mal., 1849, p. 99.—* PmTEL, Conch. Sam., ITI,
1890, p. 190.
* Unio kraussti Lm, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 376.2
*Margaron (Unio) kraussti LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 35.
Surinam.
Genus CALLONAIA Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Castalia duprei Recluz. )
Shell triangular, thin, inflated, with very high, full beaks which
appear to be without sculpture;* a very high, sharp posterior ridge
extends to the base of the shell, above which it is decidedly truncated;
anterior end somewhat pointed above, rounded below; ligament very
short; surface nearly smooth but somewhat sulcate anteriorly; epi-
dermis bright greenish yellow, shining; hinge line strongly arched;
teeth compressed, high; two pseudocardinals in each valve, all inter-
locking and side by side; one lateral in the right valve and two in the
left, a little ragged and granularly vertically striate; beak cavities very
deep, not compressed; muscle scars superficial; nacre brilliant, bluish
white, radiately striate posteriorly. Animal unknown.
tCALLONAIA DUPREI Recluz.
* Castalia duprei RECLUZ, Rev. Zool., 1843, p. 305, pl. xxxv; * Mag. Zool., 1843,
p. 1.—* H. and A. ApaMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 509.—* CuEnu, Man.,
1859, II, p. 149, fig. 738.—* Pa: TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 189.
* Unio dupret CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58.
* Margaron (Prisodon) duprei LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 18; 1870, p. 27.
*Castalia dolabella SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. 111, figs. 13 a, 13 b, 13 ¢.—
* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 189.
Great lakes of Para, Brazil.
1'This species, of which the type is in the Lea collection, has some of the characters
of Prisodon and Castalina, but I can not satisfactorily refer it to either, and it is cer-
tainly not a Diplodon. Its strong sulcation, reddish chestnut epidermis, and purple
nacre are characters that are not possessed by any South American Naiades that Iam
acquainted with.
?Lea received this shell from Dr. Dunker under the name of Castalia sulcata Krauss.
Believing it to be a Unio, he placed it in that genus, and the name sulcatus being
preoccupied in Unio, he changed it as above.
3In one of Lea’s shells the beaks are almost perfect, and not a sign of sculpture
can be seen.
868 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
Genus HYRIA. Lamarek, 1819.
(Type, Hyria corrugata Lamarck.)
Hyria LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 81.'
Triplodon Spr1x, Test. Fluv. Bras., 1827, p. 35.
Naia SwaInsoN, Tr. on Mal., 1840, p. 379.
Shell subrhomboidal, solid, slightly inflated, narrower and dorsally ,
winged in front, and having a post-dorsal wing; posterior ridge often
double, causing the shell to be biangulate behind; beaks low, with
strong, nearly radial sculpture, the central bars coalescing below, the
whole continuing as strong, radial, and zigzag ridges over more or less
of the disk; epidermis thick, greenish when young, brownish or black-
ish when old; there are two or more rather short, compressed pseudo-
cardinals in each valve, which are much split up into denticles; one
lateral in the right and two in the left valve; teeth often somewhat
vertically striated ; dorsal scars numerous; nacre whitish.
Animal with mantle lobes united together behind and furnished with
two short, contractile siphons. (J. H. Gray.)
Subgenus HYRIA Lamarck, 1819.
(Type, Hyria corrugata Lamarck.)
Characters as in the genus.
+ HYRIA CORRUGATA Lamarck.
* Hyria corrugata LAMARCK, An.sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 82.—* SowERBY, Rec. and
Foss. Shells, 1828, No. XVI, fig. d; *Conch. Man., 1839, fig. 144.—* REEVE,
Conch. Syst., I, 1841, p. 120, pl. xc, fig. 2.—* Haney, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 215;
* Biv. Shells, 1843, p.215.—* CarLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 65.—
* KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 140, pl. x11, fig. 1.—* CHENU, Man., 1859,
II, p. 149, fig. 733.—* REEVE, Elem. Conch., II, 1860, pl. xx x1, fig. 179.—* Sow-
ERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl.1, fig. 1.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,
p. 189.
* 2 Unio corrugata BLAINVILLE, Man., 1825, p. 539, pl. Lx vil, fig. 1.
1Jn 1753 Klein (Testamen Méthodi, p. 135, pl. 9, fig.36) used the name Triquctra
for the shell which has since been known as Hyria syrmatophora Gronovius. In
1817 Schumacher founded the genus Prisodon (Essai Nouv. Systeme, p. 138), in
which under section a he placed his P. obliquus, a smooth species considerably
drawn out, and in section b he put P. truncatus, which is possibly the same as the
Castalia ambigua of Lamarck. These certainly belong to two genera. Dr. Lea in the
Synopsis used Klein’s name for the winged shell (Hyria corrugata Lamarck), and used
the name Prisodon for Schumacher’s section b (P. truncatus Schumacher). Lea erred in
this, because Klein was not a binomial author, and his name-can not be used. In the
proceedings of the U.S. National Museum, XVIII, 1896, p. 315, I restored the name
of Prisodon Schumacher to the first section, pointing out that the P. obliquus Schu-
macher must stand as its type. Two years after Schumacher’s name appeared
Lamarck published the generic name Hyria in the Animaux sans Vertebres, VI, 1819,
p. 81, and placed in it first his H. avicularis, which equals Schumacher’s P. obliquus,
and secondly H. corrugata. I now believe that these corrugated forms are generically
distinct from the smooth ones, and as Schumacher’s Paxyodon is almost certainly
founded on one of the smooth species, Lamarck’s name Hyria can be used by elimi-
nation for the corrugatus and allied forms.
Se ee ee
NO, 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 869
* Margaron (Triquetra) corrugata LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 17; 1870, p. 25.
* Triquetra corrugata H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 508.
* ? Triplodon rugosum Spix, Test. Fluv. Bras., 1827, p. 35, pl. XXIX, figs. 1,2.
* Hyria rugosa DESHAYES, Ene. Méth., II, 1827, p. 151, pl. ccxivtr, fig. 2.
* Mya angulata Woop, Ind. Test. Sup., 1828, p. 3, pl. 1, fig. 12.
* Margarita (Unio) angulatus Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 10; 1838, p. 13.
* Hyria exasperata SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. u, fig. 3.—*PaTEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 189.
Eastern Peru to Guiana; south throughout Brazil.
+HYRIA RUGOSISSIMA Sowerby.
* Hyria rugosissima SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. 111, fig. 5.—* Parez,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 189.
Amazon River.
HYRIA LATIALATA Sowerby.
* Hyria latialata SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. u, fig. 4.—* PaTeL,
Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 189.
Guiana.
+HYRIA TRANSVERSA Hupe.
* Hyria transversa HUPE, Moll. Nouv., III, 1857, p. 79, pl. xv, fig. 1.—* SOWERBY,
Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. rv, fig. 7.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p.
189.
Brazil.
Subgenus TRIQUETRANA Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Unio stevensi Lea.')
Shell compressed, with a feebly developed posterior wing, thickened
in front; each valve with about three somewhat divergent pseudo-
cardinals which are sometimes nearly smooth and at others break into
denticles; one granular lateral in the right valve and two in the left
which are sometimes obliquely and faintly vertically striate; external
sculpture much as in Hyria. Animal unknown.
+HYRIA STEVENSI Lea.
* Unio stevensi La, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p. 188; «Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VIII, 1874, p. 22, pl. vit, fig. 19; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 26, pl. vil, fig. 19.
Yuruari River, Guiana.
Genus PRISODON Schumacher, 1817.
(Type, Mya syrmatophora Meuschen in Gronovius. )
Triquetra KLEIN, Tent. Methodi, Ost, 1753, p. 135.
Prisodon SCHUMACHER (part), Essai Nouv. Syst., 1817, p. 138.
Paxyodon SCHUMACHER, Essai Nouv. Syst., 1817, p. 139.
Shell aviculiform, solid, somewhat inflated, with a well-developed
posterior ridge, the area above it being excavated, its outline from the
1This shell bears much the same relation to Hyria that Castalina does to Tetra-
plodon, its teeth being more unionoid than those of Hyria and the shell more
compressed.
870 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
hinder basal point to the end of the post dorsal wing generally
incurved; posterior slope having a radial row of plications, as in Cris-
taria; surface slightly concentrically sculptured and having delicate
radiating lire throughout, so that the surface is microscopically retic-
ulated; beaks full, but not elevated, without sculpture as far as noticed ;
epidermis yellowish green or brownish, shining, often bronzy; hinge
narrow under the beaks, widening in front and behind; left valve with
two or more elongated compressed pseudocardinals which show a
tendency to break into denticles, and two laterals; right valve with
two or more similar pseudocardinals and a single lateral; laterals
vertically, granularly striate.
Animal with the labial palpi triangular, the hinder parts free as in
Unio, not united posteriorly; branchie large, equal in size. (Troschel.)
Subgenus PRISODON Schumacher, 1817.
(Type, Mya syrmatophora Meuschen. )
Characters as in the genus.
+PRISODON SYRMATOPHORUS Meuschen in Gronovius.
* Triquetra subviridis KLEIN, Tent. Méth. Ost., 1753, p. 135, pl. 1x, fig. 36.'\—* H. and
A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.505; III, pl. cxx, figs. 1, la.—* P&TEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 189.
* Margaron (Triquetra) subviridis Lra, Syn., 1852, p. 17; 1870, p. 25.
* Mya syrmatophora MEUSCHEN in Gronovius, Zooph., 1781, pl. x vi1t, figs. 1, 2.2—
*GMELIN, Syst. Nat., 1788, No. 3222.—* Woop, Gen. Conch., I, 1815, p. 110.—
* DILLWYN, Cat., I, 1817, p.54.—* Woop, Ind. Test., 1825, p. 12, pl. 01, fig. 36.
* Hyria syrmatophora SOWERBY, Rec. and Foss. Shells, XVI, 1823, fig.d; ~Conch.
Man., 1839, fig. 143.—* REEVE, Conch. Syst., I, 1841, p. 120, pl. xc, fig. 1.—
*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 214; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 214.—* CaTLow
and REEVE, Conch. Man., 1845, p. 65.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., XIII,
Pt. I, 1847, p. 271.—* Woop, Ind. Test. rev., 1856, p. 17, pl. 11, fig. 36.—* HuPE,
Moll. Nouv., III, 1857, p. 79, pl. xv, fig. 2.—*SOwWERBy, Conch. Icon., XVII,
1869, pl. v, fig. 2.—* PazTuL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 189.
* Unio syrmatophora DESHAYES, Tr. Elem., II, 1853, p. 219, pl. xxrx, figs. 10, 11.
* Margarita (Unio) syrmatophorus Lua, Syn., 1836, p. 11; 1838, p. 13.
* % Paxyodon ponderosus SCHUMACHER, Hss. Nouv. Syst., 1817, p. 140, pl. x1, fig. 3.
* Hyria avicularis var. b. LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 82.
Guiana; Brazil.
tPRISODON COMPLANATUS Hupe.
* Hyria complanata Hupx, Moll. Nouv., III, 1857, p. 80, pl. xv, fig. 3.—* SOWERBY,
Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. Iv, fig. 9.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,
p. 189.
* Hyria syrmatophora KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 141, pl. XL, fig. 4.
Guiana.
'Klein’s species evidently equals the syrmatophora of Gronovins, but his name can
not be used, as he was not a binomial author.
2Gronovius used only generic names in the Zoophylaceum, and died while the
work was in progress. Meuschen finished it and figured the above species and
described it in the explanation of the plate,
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 871
+ PRISODON ALATUS Sowerby.!
* Hyria alata SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. v, fig. 13.—ParEL, Conch.
Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 189.
Guiana.
PRISODON CASTELNAUDI Hupe.
* Hyria castelnaudi Huper, Moll. Nouv., III, 1857, p. 81, pl. xv, fig. 1.—* Sow-
ERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. rv, fig. 8.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 189.”
Brazil.
tPRISODON OBLIQUUS Schumacher.
* Prisodon obliquus SCHUMACHER, Ess. Nouv. Syst., 1817, p. 139, pl. x1, fig. 2.3
* Hyria obliqua P#TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 189.
*Hyria avicularis LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 82.—* Croucu, Ill. Int.
Lam., 1827, p.16, pl. 1x, figs. 5 a, b.—*Srark, Nat. Hist., II, 1828, p. 89.—
*WyatTt, Man. Conch., 1838, p. 67, pl. v, fig. 4.—* DELESsERT, Rec. Coq. Lam.,
1841, pl. xu, fig. 9.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 214; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p.
214, pl. xxiv, fig. 11.—*CarLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 65.—
* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., XIII, Pt. 1, 1847, p. 271, pl. vi, fig. 3.—* CHENu,
Man., 1859, II, p. 149, fig. 734.—* SowErRBy, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. 111,
figs. 6 a, b.
*~ Unio avicularis DESHAYES, Enc. Méth., II, 1830, p. 583; ~Traite Elem. Conch.,
1839, p. 18, pl. xxx, figs. 10, 11.
* Hyria avicularia GUERIN, Icon. Regne An., 1844, II, pl. xxv, fig. 8.
* Unio caudatus WAGNER, Test. Fluv. Bras., 1827, p. 35, pl. xx vil, figs. 1, 2.
* Diplodon furcatum Spix, Test. Fluv. Bras., 1827, p. 35, pl. xxvut, figs. 1, 2.
* Hyria elongata SWAINSON, Ex. Conch., 1841, p. 29, pl. xxiv.
* Triquetra elongata H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Mol1., I!, 1857, p. 508.
Amazon drainage; southward through Brazil.
PRISODON RECTUS Sowerby.‘
* Hyria recta SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1868, pl. v, fig. 10.—* P# TEL, Conch.
Sam., IIE, 1890, p. 189.
South America; locality unknown.
tPRISODON BROWNIANUS Lea.
*Unio brownianus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 1838, p. 108, pl. xxrv, fig. 116; *Obs., II,
1838, p. 108, pl. xxiv, fig. 116.—* TroscHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., V, 1839, Pt. 2,
p. 237.
* Margarita (Unio) brownianus LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 13.
* Hyria browniana HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.215; * Biv. Shells, 1845, p. 215.—
*CaTLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.65.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon.,
XVII, 1869, pl. v, fig. 12.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 189.
1 This form has the posterior wing greatly produced and curved upward. I doubt
whether it is more than a form of syrmatophora.
2This is probably a variety of obliquus Schumacher.
3Only a part of the interior is figured, but from its form I think there need be no
doubt as to what the author meant.
4This may be only a peculiar obliquus. The dorsal line curves up in the center.
872 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, ~ VOL. XXII. |
* Margaron (Triquetra) browniana LEA, Syn., 1852, p.17; 1870, p. 26.
* Triquetra browniana H.and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 508.
Amazon River.
Subgenus HYRIANA Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Unio ortonit Lea.)
Shell solid, compressed, elliptical, with a slight posterior dorsal wing
and a strong one anteriorly, and a well-defined but low posterior ridge
ending in a point well above the base, inflated at post-basal region, dis-
tinctly suleate; beaks low, apparently not rayed; epidermis shining,
light yellowish brown; hinge line evenly curved; pseudocardinals
numerous, much split into denticles and crooked; two laterals in the
left valve and one (no doubt) in the right; beak cavities very shallow;
dorsal scars numerous, anterior scars deep; nacre whitish, radially
grooved along the palleal line.'
tPRISODON ORTONII Lea.
* Unio ortonti Lma, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p.161; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VI, 1868, p. 321, pl. Lu, fig. 184; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 81, pl. Lu, fig. 134.—
*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 162.
* Margaron (Unio) ortonit LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 28.
River Napo, Ecuador.
Genus DIPLODON Spix, 1827.
(Type, Diplodon ellipticum Spix.)
Diplodon Sri1x, Test. Fluy. Bras., 1827, p. 33, pl. XXvI.
Shell elliptical, rounded, elongated or trapezoidal, with rather low
beaks which are more or less distinctly radially sculptured, the ridges
usually curved and approaching below, with a low or scarcely developed
posterior ridge; surface slightly concentrically sculptured, sometimes
broken into fine nodules or corrugations; epidermis dull, rayless; hinge
with two compressed pseudocardinals in the right valve, and one
slender lateral, and two compressed pseudocardinals in the left valve,
one in front of the other, and two laterals; nacre bluish to white, dull,
often blotched; beak cavities shallow; dorsal scars numerous, forming
a row in the beak cavity parallel with the hinge line.
Animal with the marsupium occupying nearly the whole length of the
inner branchie, a few ovules sometimes being found in the outer gills; ”
17 have seen only a single left valve, the type. The anterior wing of this is gone,
and the epidermis is somewhat eroded. The shell has been injured when young,
which has probably caused a long, low, radial furrow that runs in front of the pos-
teriorridge. The space occupied by the pseudocardinals is not so long proportionally
as in typical Prisodon.
27 found a few ovules in the outer gills of D. acutirostris Lea, of South America,
while the inner gills were full, and Mr. Henry Suter states that the ovules of D. men-
ziezi Gray, of New Zealand, occupy the inner gills for the most part.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 873
branchie rather large, angular at base, inner much the larger, united
their whole length to the abdominal sac; palpi scarcely projecting
posteriorly; mantle very thin, thickened on the edges; branchial open-
ing papillose, separated from the smooth anal opening by a strong
bridge; superanal opening not closed below.
Subgenus DIPLODON Spix, 1827.
Beak sculpture consisting of unbroken ridges, covering the whole
beaks.
Animal having the labial palpi rounded below and at posterior base,
scarcely projecting behind.
(Type, Diplodon ellipticum Spix.)
(Group of Diplodon delodontus.)
Shell elliptical to subtrapezoidal, inflated, subsolid, with a low pos-
terior ridge, sometimes having a slight posterior dorsal wing; one or
two central pairs of bars of the beak sculpture usually joining below;
pseudocardinals sometimes slightly dentellate.
Animal having the characters of the genus.
+ DIPLODON DELODONTUS Lamarck.
*Unio delodonta LAMARCK, An. sans. Vert., VI, 1819, p. 77.—* DELESSERT, Rec.
Coq. Lam., 1841, pl. xu, fig. 7—*D’ORBIGNY, Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p. 605.—
*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58.—* CHENU, IIl. Conch., 1858,
pl. xu, figs. 1. la.
* Margarita (Unio) delodontus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 26; 1838, p. 20.
*Unio délodontus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.194; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 194, pl.
XXI, fig. 56.—* H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—* KusrEr,
Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 234, pl. Lx xvi, fig. 5.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 150.
*Margaron (Unio) delodontus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 46.
*Unio delodon STROBEL, Mat. Mal., Pt. 1, 1874, p. 71.
*t Unio lacteolus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 40, pl. vi, fig. 19; * Obs., I,
1834, p. 152, pl. vii, fig. 19.—* D’ORBIGNY, Mag. Zool., 1835, p. 34.
Argentina; Paraguay; Uruguay; southern Brazil.
+ DIPLODON RHOMBEUS Wagner.
*Unio rhombeus WAGNER, Test. Fluv. Bras., 1827, p. 34, pl. xxviu, figs. 1, 2.—
* HANLEY, Test. Moll, 1842, p. 208; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 208, pl. xxu1, fig. 20.—
*CaTLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 63.—*H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec.
Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 165.
* Margarita (Unio) rhombeus LEA, Syn.. 1836, p. 39; 1838, p. 25.
* Margaron ( Unio) rhombeus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 38; 1870, p. 61.
Brazil.
tDIPLODON PAULISTA von Ihering.
* Unio paulista VON IHERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1893, p. 93, pl. 1v, fig. 7.—* NEHRING,
Jl. de Conch., 1894, p. 82.
Sao Paulo, Brazil.
$74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
tDIPLODON AMPULLACEUS Lea.
* Unio ampullaceus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., X, 1866, p.34; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VI, 1868, p. 269, pl. xxxv, fig. 83; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 29, pl. xxxy, fig. 83.
* Margaron (Unio) ampullaceus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 53.
South America.
t DIPLODON APPRIMUS Lea.
* Unio apprimus Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., X, 1866, p. 34; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VI, 1868, p. 263, pl. xxx111, fig. 78; Obs., XII, 1869, p. 23, pl. xx x11, fig. 78.
* Margaron (Unio) apprimus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 46.
South America.
+tDIPLODON WYMANII Lea.!
*Unio wymanii Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p.90; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VI, 1863, p. 381, pl. xxu, fig. 289; *Obs., X, 1863, p. 17, pl. xu, fig. 289.—
*SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxx1v, fig. 449.—* VON MARTENS,
Mal. B1., XV, 1868, p. 193.—* Pa&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 172.
* Margaron (Unio) wymanti, Lua, Syn., 1870, p. 30.
Uruguay River, South America.
DIPLODON EXPANSUS Kuster.?
* Unio expansus KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 149, pl. xLut, fig. 5.—* P&S TEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 152.
Brazil ?.
+DIPLODON PECULIARIS Lea.
*Unio peculiaris Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., X, 1866, p. 33; *J1. Acad. N. Sci. Phila.,
VI, 1868, p. 265, pl. xxxiv, fig. 80; Obs., XII, 1869, p. 25, pl. xxxIv, fig. 80.
* Margaron ( Unio) peculiaris LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 47.
*tUnio paraguayensis Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., X, 1866, p. 34; *Jl. Ac. N. Sei.
Phila., VI, 1868, p. 271, pl. xxxv, fig. 85; Obs., XII, 1869, p. 31, pl. xxxv, fig.
85.—* VON MARTENS, S. B. Nat. Fr., 1895, p. 34.
* Margaron (Unio) paraguayensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 45.
*?Unio nitidulus KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio., 1848, p. 226, pl. LXxviI, fig. 6.—
*PatTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 161.
Paraguay.
+DIPLODON FIRMUS Lea.’
*Unio firmus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., X, 1866, p.33; *J]. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VI,
1868, p. 267, pl. XXXIV, fig.82; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 27, pl. xxx1v, fig. 82.
*Margaron (Unio) firmus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 45.
DIPLODON FIRMUS var. BOZTTGERI von Ihering.
*Unio firmus LEA var. betigeri VON IHERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1893, p. 105, pl. rv,
fig. 2.—* NEHRING, Jl. de Conch., 1894, p. 83.
Brazil.
' Extremely close to apprimus, and probably only a young shell of that species.
27 know nothing of this. It looks more like an Australian than a South American
form, and is quite likely a D. australis. Kuster credits it to Charpentier mann-
script. !
3A little longer and more solid than peculiaris, but I doubt whether it is distinct.
The types of these two and paraguayensis are badly worn.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 875
t DIPLODON URUGUAYENSIS Lea.
*Unio uruguayensis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 90; *J1. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., V, 1863; p. 388, pl. XLV, fig. 298; *Obs., X, 1863, p. 241, pl. xLv, fig. 298.—
*SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxxIv, fig. 448.—* Parr, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 171.
*Margaron (Unio) uruguayensis La, Syn., 1870, p. 46.
Uruguay River, South America.
tDIPLODON WHEATLEYANUS Lea.
*Unio wheatleyanus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p.94; *Obs., VI, 1857,p.
28, pl. xxIx, fig. 23; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1858, p. 308, pl. xx1x, fig. 23.—
*SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. XL, fig. 487.—* STROBEL, Mat. Mal.,
Pt. 1, 1874, p. 71.
*Margaron (Unio) wheatleyanus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 50.
Argentina.
tDIPLODON RUDUS Lea.
*Unio rudus L¥A, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., II], 1859, p. 187; *J1. Ac. Nat. Sci.
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 266, pl. xi, fig.146; Obs., VII, 1860, p. 84, pl. xin, fig.
146.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 261, pl. LXxxvu11, fig. 1.
*Margaron (Unio) rudus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 50.
* Unio rudis P®TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 166.
Rio de la Plata.
tDIPLODON GREEFIANUS von Thering.
*Unio greefianus VON IHERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1893, p. 96, pl. Iv, fig. 18.!\—*NEH-
RING, Jl. de Conch., 1894, p. 82.
Sao Paulo, Brazil.
tDIPLCDON PIGER Lea.
*Unio piger Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p.90; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,V,
1863, p. 388; *Obs., X, p. 23, pl. XLV, fig. 296.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI,
1868, pl. LXXXIV, fig. 449.—* Pa TeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 163.
* Margaron (Unio) piger LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 46.
Uruguay River, South America.
tDIPLODON PRUNOIDES Lea.
*Unio prunoides Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 150; *J1. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1868, p. 323, pl. Lin, fig. 136; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 83, pl. L111, fig. 136.
* Margaron (Unio) prunoides LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 47.
South Ameriea. ?
tDIPLODON BESKEANUS Dunker.
*Unio beskeanus DUNKER, Zeits. fiir Mal., V, 1848, p. 182.2
* Margaron ( Unio) beskeanus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 61.
Brazil.
1Credited to Dunker Manuscript.
2There is a specimen in the Lea collection contributed under this name by Dunker
himself. It is near locellus and suavidicus. I do not know that it has ever been
figured.
876 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. f
s
+DIPLODON LOCELLUS Lea.
*Unio locellus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., X, 1866, p. 34; *J1.Ac.N. Sci. Phila., VI,
1868, p. 264, pl. Xxx1UJ, fie. 79; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 24, pl. xxxm1, fig. 79.
* Margaron (Unio) locellus Lua, Syn., 1870, p. 47.
Argentina.
tDIPLODON SUAVIDICUS Lea.
* Unio suavidicus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p.95; *Obs., VI, 1857, p. 29,
pl. xx1x, fig. 24; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1898, p. 309, pl. xxix, fig. 24.
* Margaron (Unio) suavidicus La, Syn., 1870, p. 54.
Amazon.
+DIPLODON BROWNII Lea.
* Unio brownit Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p.95; *Obs., VI, 1857, p. 27,
pl. XxIx, fig. 22; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1858, p. 307, pl. xx1x, fig. 22.
* Margaron (Unio) brownti LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 61.
South America?. Dr. Lea reports it from Mocha, Asia (with a ques-
tion), which is certainly an error.
+ DIPLODON LEAI Simpson.!
* Margarita ( Unio) modestus L¥A, Syn., 1836, p. 32; 1838, p. 22.
* Margaron (Unio) modestus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 54.
* Unio modestus H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.
Brazil. :
+tDIPLODON RHUACOICUS d’Orbigny.
* Unio rhuacoica D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p.35; * Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p. 606,
pl. LXIX, figs. 4, 5.
* Margaron ( Unio) rhuacoicus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 54.
* Unio rhyacoicus VON MARTENS, Mal. B1., XV, 1868, p. 195.
* Monocondylea rhyacaeca P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 147.
Uruguay.
tDIPLODON CHARRUANUS 4d Orbigny.
* Unio charruana D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 35; Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p. 606,
pl. LxXxI, figs. 8-14.
described by that author or anyone else. In 1856 Kuster properly described and
figured a species in the Conchylien Cabinet (Vol. Unio, p. 147, pl. x11n, fig.2) under
the name of Unio modestus, which he credits to Charpentier’s manuscript, a different
shell from that referred to by Lea and the Adams brothers. If the latter was never
described the name modestus can not be used for it, as it was first properly applied to
another species. The shells in Lea’s collection may be described as follows: Shell
smalJ, subrhomboid, rather solid; beaks full with radial sculpture, the two middle
bars coalescing; surface faintly concentrically sculptured, dark olive; two com-
pressed pseudocardinals in each valve which are strongly obliquely striated; two
laterals in the left valve and one in the right; anterior muscle scars distinct;
nacre bluish; beak cavities shallow. Length 28, height 17, diameter 13 mm.
=i
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. S77
* Margaron (Unio) charruanus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 54.
*Unio charruanus H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—* Sowmrsy,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xciu, figs. 505, 505a, 505b.—* ParEL, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 147.
*Unio faba D’ORBIGNY, Mag. Zool., 1835, p. 35.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.
197.—* D’ORBIGNY, Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p. 606, pl. LXx1, figs. 8-11.—* Han-
LEY, Biv. Shell, 1843, p. 197.—*CatLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.
58.—*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—* Pare, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 152.
* Margarita (Unio) faba LEa, Syn., 1838, p. 21.
*Margaron (Unio) faba LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 31; 1870, p. 50.
Uruguay.
DIPLODON CAIPIRA von Ihering.
*Unio caipira VON IHERING, Arch. fiir. Nat., 1893, p. 98, pl. 1v, fig. 9.—* NEHRING,
J1. de Conch., 1894, p. 83.
Southern Brazil.
t DIPLODON PICEUS Lea.
*Unio piceus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 91; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V,
1863, p. 397, pl. XI, fig. 287; *Obs., X, 1863, p. 15, pl. x11, fig. 287.
* Margaron (Unio) piceus LEA, Syn., 1870, p.53.
* Unio suppositus VON IHERING (according to von Ihering), where is it described?
Uruguay River, South America.
+ ? DIPLODON WAGNERIANUM Simpson.!
*Unio ellipticus WAGNER, Test. Fluv. Bras., 1827, p. 33, pl. xxv1, figs. 1, 2.—* H.
and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., I, 1857, p. 497.—* KustTEr, Conch. Icon. Unio,
1861, p. 238, pl. Lx xx, fig. 2.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxx1v,
fig. 382.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 151.
*Margaron (Unio) ellipticus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 21; 1870, p. 31.
Brazil.
+ DIPLODON AZTHIOPS Lea.
'*Onio ethiops LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 91; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V,
1863, p. 377, pl. xi. fig. 285; Obs., X, 1863, p. 13, pl. xLI, fig. 285.—* von
Martens, Mal. B1., XVI, 1868, p. 196.
* Margaron (Unio) ethiops LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 53.
DIPLODON 4ZTHIOPS var. PIRICICABANA von Ihering.
*Unio ethiops, LBA, var. piricicabana VON IHERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1893, p.102.—
* NEBRING, J]. de Conch., 1894, p. 83.
Uruguay and Paraguay rivers; southern Brazil.
1Barnes applied the name Unio ellipticus in 1823 to a species which is believed to
be Unio ligamentinus. Wagner placed this shell in the genus Unio in the text, but
Spix called it Diplodon ellipticum in the plate. J therefore change the name to
wagnerianum. Ihave never seen a shell that just agrees with his figure. It is near
ethiopiformis von Ihering.
878 PROCEEDINGSOR\THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. :
+ DIPLODON DIVARIUATUS Lea.!
*Unio divaricatus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 64, pl. rx, fig. 24; *Obs., I,
1834, p. 176, pl. 1x, fig. 24.—* HaNLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 197; ~ Biv. Shells,
1843, p. 197, pl. xx1u, fig. 36.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.
58.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., Il, 1857, p. 494.—* JickrELi, Faun.
Moll. N. O. Af., 1874, p. 280.—* PHTEL, Coneh. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 151.
*Margarita (Unio) divaricatus LEa, Syn., 1836, p. 29; 1838, p. 21.
* Margaron (Unio) divaricatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 31; 1870, p. 49.
South America.
{DIPLODON BINNEYI Lea.?
* Unio binneyt Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 166; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X,
1848, p.77, pl.vi, fig. 18; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 51, pl. vi, fig. 18.—* Conrap, Pr.
Ac.N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Moil., II, 1857.
p.493.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,
p. 146.
* Margaron (Unio) binneyi LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 46.
South America.
(Group of Diplodon granosus.)
Shell elliptical to subtrapezoidal, somewhat compressed, rather thin,
beaks low, the sculpture irregularly radial, the ridges narrow and sharp,
separated by wide, trough-like spaces, the outer in particular often
becoming somewhat nodulous or corrugated, the inner approaching and
united below; surface sometimes slightly concentrically ridged and
eranose; teeth delicate, compressed ; nacre bluish.’
Animal unknown.
+DIPLODON GRANOSUS Bruguiere.
*Unio granosa BRUGUIER®, Jl. de Hist. Nat., 1, 1792, p. 107, pl. vi, figs. 3, 4.—-
*LaMaRrck, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p.79.—* DEsHAyYeEsS, Enc. Meth., II, 1827,
p. 151, pl. ccxuix, fig. 2.
* Unio granosus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.182; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 182, pl.
xxi, fig. 21.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.59.—* H. and A.
ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496.—* DrougET, Moll. Guyane, 1859, p. 86.
'Credited by Lea to Egypt, but no doubt a South American species, as it has
regular radial beak sculpture and appears to belong with this group.
2Dr. Lea believes that this shell came from Alabama, but it certainly did not. It
‘is undoubtedly a Scuth American form. The type, the only shell I have seen is
dead and in bad condition; but the beaks have radial sculpture, and I think it be-
longs here.
3No wide distinction exists between this and the preceding group, and there are
species which might be assigned about as easily to one as the other. In general the
forms of this division are more delicate, thinner, and more compressed than those of
the Delodontus group. There are few clear characters in any of the species. Philippi
and others have, it seems to me, unduly multiplied names for these forms, and the
lack of suitable material and their extrere simplicity and similarity make it impos-
sible for me to always determine which are valid. The synonymy is in bad shape,
but I have done the best I could at straightening it out.
:
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE N‘1TA. S—SIMPSON. 879
*Margarita ( Unio) granosus a, Syu., 1856, p. 17; 1838, p. 16.
*Margaron (Unio) granosus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 23; 1870, p. 34.
~Unio multistriatus LEA,! Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 91, pl. x11, fig. 22; *Obs.
I, 1834, p. 101, pl. xi, fig. 22.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 176; ~Biv.
Shells, 1843, p. 176, pl. xx, fig. 35.—*CaTLow and ReEEve, Conch. Nom.,
1845, p. 61.—* CHENU, III. Conch., 1858, pl. x1, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.—* SowERsBy,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxxv, fig. 455.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 160.
* Margarita ( Unio) multistriatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 13; 1838, p. 14.
* Unio multistriata D’ORBIGNY, Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p. 607.
* Unio pfeifferi DUNKER, Zeits. fiir Mal., V, 1848. p. 181.—* PFEIFFER, Nov. Conch.,
II, 1866, p. 151, pl. xxxIXx, figs. 4-9.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 165.
*Unio psammactinus Puivipri, Conch., III, 1848, p. 79, pl. v, fig. 2.—* KusTEr,
. Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 159, pl. xiv, fig. 6.2—* VON MARTENS, Mal. BL.,
XV, 1868, p. 194.
*+Unio famelicus GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. Hist., III, 1850, p. 294;3 U. S. Expl.
Exp., XII, 1852, p.432, figs. 544, 544a, 544b.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VI, 1853, p. 249.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—
* GOULD, Otia. Conch., 1862, p. 88.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl.
LXXxV, fig. 391.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) famelicus Lea, Syn., 1852, p.34; 1870, p. 54.
*Unio niloticus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lx x11, fig. 374.
Brazil; Guiana.
DIPLODON GRANULIFERUS Dunker.
*Unio granuliferus DUNKER, Zeits. fiir Mal., V, 1848, p. 182.—* Preirrrr, Nov.
Conch., II, 1866, p. 150, pl. xx xIx, figs. 1-3.
*Unio granulifer P&TEL, Conch. Sam., ITT, 1890, p. 154.
Province of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
+ DIPLODON EFFULGENS Lea.
* Unio effulgens Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p.94; “JI. Ac. N. Sci. Phil.,
III, 1857, p. 303, pl. xx vill, fig. 18; *Obs., VI, 1857, p. 23, pl. xxvu1l, fig. 18.—
P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 151.—*von InERinG, Arch. fiir Nat., 1893,
p. 106.
*Margaron ( Unio) effulgens Lea, Syn., 1870, p.-35.
*Unio eurhynchus KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 237, pl. Lxx1x, fig. 5.—
*Pa&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 152.
2razil.
‘The type presented by Mrs. Mawe is not in the Lea collection, but there are
fairly typical examples init. The species varies much in form and sculpture, some
specimens being smooth, and all variations occur to those quite granose throughout.
Lea places his species in the synonymy U. ellipticus Spix, which I think is an error.
The type of multistriatus is more elongated than tke figure of U. granosus in the
Encyclopedie Méthodique, but agrees very well with undoubted specimens cf this
species which I have seen.
2Credited by Kuster to Broun in litt.
3Credited by Gould to Walla Walla, Oregon. Itis a young, rather smooth granosus
I am sure, and the habitat given is wrong. The type isin the U.S. National Museum.
880 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL, XXII.
+DIPLODON RUFOFUSCUS Lea.
“Unio rufofuscus La, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1865, p.76; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VI, 1868, p. 282, pl. xxx1Xx, fig. 96; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 42, pl. xxxIx, fig. 96.
* Maragon ( Unio) rufofuscus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 31.
South America.
DIPLODON DEMARARAENSIS Lea.
*Unio demararaensis Lra, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 152; “Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 253, pl. Xxx1rx, fig. 133; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 71, pl. XxxIx,
fig. 133.—*REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxi, fig. 99.
* Maragron (Unio) demararaensis Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 36.
* Unio demararaensis Pa&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 150.
Demerara.
+ DIPLODON LEPIDIOR Lea.
*Unio lepidus Lwa,! Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 91; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
V, 1863, p. 390, pl. u, fig. 306; *Obs., X, 1863, p. 25, pl. L, fig. 306.
* Margaron (Unio) lepidior LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 53. -
Uruguay River.
tDIPLODON PARCUS Lea.
* Unio parcus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., X, 1866, p. 34; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI,
1868, p. 262, pl. Xxx x1Ul, fig. 77; * Obs., XII, 1869, p. 22, pl. xxx, fig. 77.
* Margaron (Unio) parcus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 47.
South America.
+DIPLODON CHILENSIS Gray.
* Unio chilensis GRAY, Spic. Zool., 1828, pl. v1, fig. 12.—* PuiLipri, Conch., III, 1847,
p-9, pl. iv, fig. 2.—* Hupz, Gay’s Hist. Chile, VIII, 1854, p. 317. H. and A.
ApAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862,
p. 282,pl. xev, fig. 12.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pl. LVI, fig. 286.—
*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148.
* Unio smithii GRayY and PIDGEON, Griff. Cuv., XII, 1834, p. 600, pl. xx, fig. 3.2—
* HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 195, pl. xx11, fig. 58.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen.
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 167.
* Margarita (Unio) smithit LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 27; 1838, p. 20.
* Margaron (Unio) smithii Lma, Syn., 1852, p. 30; 1870, p. 48.
* Unio auratus PuiLipri, Conch., II, 1847, p. 9, pl. rv, fig. 1.2—* H. and A. ADaMs,
Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—* PasTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 145.
*Margarita (Unio) auratus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 31; 1838, p. 22.
*Margaron (Unio) auratus Lua, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 53.
* Unio araucanus PuiLipri, Conch., III, 1847, p. 50, pl. rv, fig. 3.—* KusTER, Conch.
Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 288, pl. xcv, fig. 3.
* Margaron (Unio) araucanus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 53.
*Unio araucana HuPE, Gay’s Hist. Chile, 1854, p. 317.
Chile.
' Changed to lepidior because the name lepidus had been used for a Unio by Gould.
2Only the briefest description is given of this in the index. From the figure it
seems to be identical with chilensis.
3 Generally credited to Swainson, and Philippi refers it to him with doubt. ButI
can not find that Swainson ever published it.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 881
DIPLODON SOLIDULUS Philippi.
“Unio solidulus PHiLiprt, Mal. Bl., XVI, 1869, p. 46.—* PFEIFFER, Noy. Conch., III,
1869, p. 480, pl. cut, figs. 9, 10.--* Parr, Conch. Sam., ILI, 1890, p. 168.
Near Santiago; Chile.
DIPLODON GASSIESI Kuster.
*Unio gassiesi KUSTER(part), Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 148, pl. xu, fig. 4.!
*Unio auratus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxx, fig. 150.
Chile.
DIPLODON APLATUS Reeve.?
*Unio aplatus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxvul, fig. 143.-—* PacrEt,
Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 144. .
Island of Chiloe, Chile.
tDIPLODON MOLINZ Philippi.
*Unio moline Puriiprt, Conch., III, 1847, p. 50, pl. 1v, fig. 4.—*Hupr, Gay’s Hist.
Chile, VIII, 1854, p. 316.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 281, pl. xcv,
fig. 1.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 159.
* Unio auratus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. XLv, fig. 245.3
Southern Chile.
tDIPLODON MODESTUS Kuster.‘
* Unio modestus KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 147, pl. xu, fig. 2.
* Unio ianthinus Puttrppl, Mal. B1., XVII, 1869, p. 47.—* PreirrEr, Nov. Conch.,
III, 1869, p. 485, pl. crv, figs. 11, 12.—*P arr, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 155.
*Unio valdivanus PuiipPt, Mal. Bl., XVI, 1869, p. 48.—* PFEIFFER, Nov. Conch.,
III, 1869, p. 479, pl. cut, figs. 7, 8.
“Unio montanus Puiuippt, Mal. Bl., XVI, 1869, p. 48.—* PrErrrer, Nov. Conch.,
III, 1869, p. 482, pl. crv, figs. 3, 4.—* PasTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 159.
Chile.
+DIPLODON ATRATUS Sowerby.
* Unio atratus SOWERBY, Conch. Man., 1839, fig. 148.°
“Unio limensis KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 146, pl. xin, fig. 7; XL11, fig. 1.—
*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 157.
* Unio jacobeus PHILIPPI, Mal. Bl., XVI, 1869, p. 44.—* PreirreEr, Nov. Conch., III,
1869, p. 478, pl. cri, figs. 3, 4.—* Paw TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 155.
* Unio landbecki Putxiprt, Mal. Bl., XVI, 1869, p. 45.—* PrEIFrFrER, Nov. Conch., III,
1869, p. 479, pl. cru, figs. 5, 6.—* Paw Tex, Conch. Sam., ITT, 1890, p. 156.
‘Kuster figures two species, I think, for gassiesi. His fig. 3 is, I think, a young
molinew Kuster; fig. 4 seems to equal auratus of Reeve, not of Philippi or Sowerby.
?Swainson.manuscript according to Reeve.
3Not U. auratus of Reeve, figured previously in tha same work.
4Credited to Charpentier manuscript by Kuster. See foot note on Diplodon leat
Simpson, p. 876.
5Not Unio (Niaa) atrata Swainson, which equals Unio gracilis Barnes. Sowerby’s
name has precedence.
Proce. N. M. vol. xxii 56
882 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XSI.
* Unio diplodon PHiviprPt, Mal. B1., XVI, 1869, p. 46.—* PremrEr, Nov. Conch., III,
1869, p. 483, pl. crv, figs. 7, 8.—* Pa rer, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 150.
*t Unio dunkerianus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 94; *Obs., VI, 1857,
p. 25, pl. xxin, fig. 20; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1858, p. 303, pl. xxvii, fig.
20.—* KustTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 290, pl. xc, fig. 6.—* SOWERBY,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xc, fig. 485.—* PaernL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,
p. 151.—* von IHERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1893, p. 109.
* Margaron (Unio) dunkerianus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 32.
Peru; Chile.
i
—— ee ee, oe ee
ee eee
DIPLODON OBTUSUS @Orbigny.
* Unio obtusa D’ORBIGNY,! Guer. Mag., 1835, p.35; * Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p. 610.—
* HuPE, Gay’s Hist. Chile, VIII, 1854, p. 316.
Chile.
DIPLODON RHUACONICUS Kuster.?
* Unio rhuaconicus KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 145, pl. xu, fig. 5.
Brazil.
+DIPLODON CHILOENSIS Kuster.
*Unio chiloénsis KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1856, p. 161, pl. xxxv, fig. 6.—* Paurut,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148.
Island of Chiloe, Chile.
+ DIPLODON CASA®BLANCZ Philippi.
*Unio caseblance PHILIPPI, Zeits. fiir Mal., V, 1848, p. 176.
*Unio casablancw PFEIFFER, Nov. Conch., III, 1869, p. 481, pl. crv, figs. 1, 2.—
* PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 147.
* Margaron ( Unio) casablance LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 53.
*Unio longus Puiuipri, Mal. BIl., XVI, 1869, p. 44.—* PremrrEr, Noy. Conch., III,
1869, p. 477, pl. cr, figs. 1, 2.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 158.
* Unio colchaguensis PHILIPPI, Mal. Bl., XVI, 1869, p. 47.—* PrEirrErR, Nov. Conch.,
III, 1869, p. 484, pl. crv, figs. 9, 10.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 148.
* Unio foncki PHILIPPI, Mal. Bl., XV, 1869, p. 49.—~ PreirrEer, Nov. Conch., III,
1869, p. 483, pl. crv, figs. 5, 6.
* Unio funcki Pa&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 153.
Chile.
DIPLODON FRENZELLII von Ihering.
* Unio frenzelliti VON IHERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1893, p. 3, pl.rv., fig. 12.
Patagonia and Chile.
DIPLODON MARTENSI von Ihering.
*Unio martensi VON IHERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1893, p, 100, pl. rv, fig. 10.
Southern Brazil.
1Said by d@’Orbigny to be of Ferussac, but he does not say where that author
described it, and I do not know where. This name has been used for at least four
different species of Unionidw: As above; in Cuvier’s Animal Kingdom (edition with-
out date); for Unie retusus, by Potiez and Michaud; and by Dr. Lea. I presume that
WVOrbigny is entitled to the name.
2Kuster credits this to ‘‘ Pfeiffer teste Charpentier.” Ido not know what it is. It
is very different from d’Orbigny’s rhuacoica.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. §83
+ DIPLODON CUPRINUS Simpson.
“Unio fragilis SowERBY,! Conch. Icon., XVI, 1856, pl. Xxx, fig. 155
Island of Chiloe, Chile.
DIPLODON AUREUS Simpson.
*Unio auratus KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio,1856, p. 161, pl. xLVv1, fig. 3.2
Chile.
DIPLODON CORIACEUS Dunker.
* Unio coriaceus DUNKER, Zeits. fiir. Mal., V, 1848, p. 181.—* VON IHERING, Arch.
fiir Nat., 1893, p. 115.
Rio Negro, Province of Rio Janeiro, Brazil.
DIPLODON CHILDRENI Gray.
* Unio childreni GRAY, Griff. Cuy., XII, 1834, p. 600 (index), pl. xx, fig. 1.—* Car-
LOW and REEVE, Conch. Icon., 1845, p. 57.—* H. and A. ADAms, Gen. Rec.
Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148.
Margarita (Unio) childrent Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 25; 1838, p. 19.
*Margaron (Unio) childrent Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 28; 1870, p. 44.
South America.
(Group of Diplodon burroughianus.)
Shell elliptical, mederately solid, inflated, sharply pointed behind,
with a high, well-developed posterior ridge; beaks rather full; the
sculpture consisting of regularly radiating, widely separated, sharp
ridges, the intervening grooves rounded out; «pidermis smooth, dark
olive with lighter bands; pseudocardinals compressed, rough, vertically
ridged, usually trifid or quadrifid in each valve; laterals curved, com-
pressed, muscle scars smooth; nacre white, silvery.
Animal unknown.
+ DIPLODON BURROUGHIANUS Lea.
* Unio burroughienus, Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 67, pl. x, fig. 27; * Obs.,
I, 1834, p. 179, pl. x, fig. 27.—* p’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., ] * HANLEY,
Test. Moll., 1842, p. 197; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p.197, pl. xxu1, fig. 2.—* p’ORBIGNY,
Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p. 609.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 56.—
*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—* SowrRBy, Conch. Icon.,
XVI, 1866, pl. xxxu1, fig. 169.—* Pa Tex, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 146.
* Margarita (Unio) burroughianus, Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 29; 1838, p. 21.
* Margaron (Unio) burroughianus, LEA, Syn., 1852, p.31; 1870, p. 50.
Parana River, South America. ‘
1 Sowerby’s name being preoccupied in Unio, I change it to cuprinus, which has
not been used in Diplodon. The date, 1856 on the plate, is perhaps a typographical
error for 1866.
2The name auratus is preoccupied in Unio, by Philippi in the Conehyaicr: This
being a different species, I change it to awreus.
884 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
+ DIPLODON TRIFIDUS Lea.
* Unio trifidus, LHa, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p.89; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
V, 1863, p. 386, pl. xiv, fig. 295; * Obs., X, 1863, p. 22, pl. XLIVv, fig. 295.
* Margaron (Unio) trifidus, Lua, Syn., 1870, p. 50.
Argentina.
(Group of Diplodon pazi.)
Shell subtrapezoidal, rounded in front and strongly biangulate behind,
the wavy beak sculpture extending well over the disk; epidermis olive;
pseudocardinals ragged, with a tendency to break into denticles.
‘DIPLODON PAZI Hidalgo.
* Castalia pazi HipaLGo, Jl. de Conch., XVI, 1868, p. 353, pl. x10, fig. 6.—* PasTEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 189. :
Imbabura, Ecuador.
DIPLODON HYLAAUS 4d’Orbigny.
* Unio hylwa D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p.36; * Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p. 607, pl.
LXIX, figs. 8, 9.
* Margaron (Unio) hyleus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 21; 1870, p. 31.
* Unio hyleus H. and A. ApAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.497.—* SowErry,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xc111, fig. 506.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890,
p. 155.
* Unio guaraniana D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 37; *Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p.
608, pl. LXIx, figs. 10-12.
Bolivia; Paraguay liver.
(Group of Diplodon parallelipipedon.)
Shell elongated, subtrapezoidal, inflated, obliquely truncated behind;
posterior ridge strong; beaks rather low, scuipture of nearly or quite
strictly radial bars with concave spaces between; epidermis dark; pseu-
docardinals compressed in the young, granular, vertically striate and
breaking into denticles in the old shell; laterals long,curved, granular,
often vertically striate; anterior scars smooth, distinct.
+tDIPLODON PARALLELIPIPEDON Lea.
* Unio parallelipipedon Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1854, p. 60, vl. vill, fig. 20;
*Obs., I, 1834, p. 172, pl. vi, fig. 20.—* p’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 34.—
*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 205; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 205.—* D’ORBIGNY,
Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p. G09.—* CaTLOw and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 62.—
*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.—* KustrEr, Conch. Cab.
Unio, 1861, p. 220, pl. Lx xiv, fig. 2.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl.
LXXXIX, fig. 478.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 162.
* Margarita (Unio) parallelipipedon LEA, Syn., 1836, p.35; 1838, p. 24.
* Margaron (Unio) parallelipipedon LEA, Syn., 1852, p.56; 1870, p. 58.
? Unio bonplandi VALENCIENNES, in continuation of Humboldt’s Zool. Obs., 1827.1
Rio de la Plata system.
' According to Lea. I have not seen this paper, and Lea does not cite the page.
A specimen with the above label from the Morelet collection= parallelipipedon Lea.
“|
i
oe ee
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 885
+DIPLODON PATAGONICUS 4d’Orbigny.
* Unio patagonica D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., Ee p- 37; * Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p.
610, pl. LXX, figs. 1-4.
* Margarita ( Unio) patagonicus LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 25.
* Unio patagonicus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 208; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 298,
pl. xxu1, fig. 16.—* Oanrow and ges, Conch. Nome 1845, p. 62.—* H. and
A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 461.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865,
pl. xx1, fig. 93.—* STROBEL, Mat. Mal., Pt. 1, 1874, p. 72.—* Pte, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 162.
* Margaron ( Unio) patagonicus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 38; 1870, p. 61.
Patagonia.
+DIPLODON ACUTIROSTRIS Lea.
*Unio acutirostris Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., X, 1866, p. 34; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1868, p. 270, pl. xxxv, fig. 84; * Obs., XIII, 1869, p. 30, pl. xxxv,
fig. 84.
* Margaron (Unio) acutirostris LeA, Syn., 1870, p. 58.
South America.
(Group of Diplodon quadrans.)
Shell subtrapezoid, slightly truncate in front, nearly equilateral,
greatly inflated, its greatest diameter below the beaks, from which it
is wedge-shaped in front and behind, solid, with a decidedly rounded
posterior ridge; epidermis brownish, concentrically striate, beaks full
but not high, ligament long and slender; pseudocardinals large, com-
pressed, striate and crenulate, double in the right valve, single in the
left; laterals curved, crenulate; beak cavities rounded; anterior cica-
trices deep, confluent; nacre white.
Animal unknown.
DIPLODON QUADRANS Lea.!
“Unio quadrans LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1859, p. 306; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., 1V, 1860, p. 360, pl. Lx1, fig. 185; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 42, pl. Lx1, fig.
185.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Unio) quadrans LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 36.
South America (7).
Subgenus CYCLOMYA Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Unio funebralis Lea.)
Shell obovate to suborbicular, narrowed in front, produced just behind
the center of the base, generally slightly pointed about the middle of
the posterior end, with a scarcely perceptible posterior ridge and a
slight dorsal wing behind; beaks high, irregularly radial; hinge line
1 Only one specimen of this shell is reported, this being in the Wheatley collection,
and credited to Texas. The beak sculpture is all eroded away, but I am almost sure
it is a South American shell, allied, perhaps, to D. apprimus, wruguayensis, and possi-
bly to Hupe’s Unio orbignyi.
886 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
strongly arched, curved behind and incurved in front of the beaks; the
lower pseudocardinal in the right valve largest, often much split up
into denticles, pseudocardinals of the left valve variable, dentellate;
two lower anterior scars deep, united, the upper very deep, separate.
Animal unknown.
Section CYCLOMYA Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Unio funebralis Lea.) ’
+DIPLODON GRATUS Lea.
* Unio gratus La, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 91; *J1. Ac. N. Sei. Phila.,
V, 1863, p. 382, pl. xLu1, fig. 290; * Obs., X, 1863,p]. XLII, fig. 290.— “SOWERBY,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxxIv, fig. 444.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 154.
* Margaron (Unio) gratus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 56.
Uruguay River, South America.
+DIPLODON PATELLOIDES Lea.
*Unio patelloides LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 89; *~Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., V, 1863, p. 383, pl. xii, fig. 291; *Obs., X, 1863, p. 19, pl. xLin,
fig. 291.
* Margaron (Unio) patelloides Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 56.
Amazon River.
+ DIPLODON PERZEFORMIS Lea.
7
*Unio pereformis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 90; *J1. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., V, 1863, p. 384, pl. xu, fig. 292; *Obs., X, 1863, p. 20, pl. XLin, fig.
292.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxxtv, fig. 443.—*P TEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 163.
*Margaron (Unio) pereformis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 55.
Uruguay River, South America.
+DIPLODON FONTAINIANUS d’Orbigny.
* Unio fontainiana D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 36.
*Unio fontainianus HaNLEY, Biv. Shells, 1856, p. 384, pl. x x1, fig. 27.—* SOWERBY,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxxvu, fig. 466.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 153.—* voN IMERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1893, p. 90.
*Margaron (Unio) fontainianus Lra, Syn., 1870, p. 56.
*Unio fontaineana D’ORBIGNY, Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p. 605, pl. LXIx, figs. 6, 7.—
*Huper, Anim. Nouv., 1857, p. 82.
Parana River, southern Brazil.
+DIPLODON ROTUNDUS Wagner.
*Unio rotundus WAGNER,' Test. Fluv. Bras., 1827, p. 34, pl. xxv, figs. 3, 4.—
*MORICAND, Mem. His. Soc. Gen., 1838, p. 49, -pl.1v, figs. 12-14.—* KUSTER,
Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 160, pl. xLv1, figs. 1,2.—* SoweRBy, Conch. Icon.,
XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxu, fig. 369.—P #TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 166.
*Margaron (Unio) rotundus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 56.
Brazil.
—
1 Diplodon rotundum Spix in explanation of plate.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 887
+DIPLODON DISCULUS Lea.
* Unio disculus, LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 91; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
V, 1863, p. 385, pl. XIV, fig. 293; * Obs., X, 1863, p. 21, pl. xxrv, fig. 293.
* Margaron Unio disculus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 55. :
Uruguay River, South America.
tDIPLODON FUNEBRALIS Lea.
“ Unio funebralis Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 91; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
V, 1863, p. 378, pl. XI, fig. 286; *Obs., X, 1863, p. 14, pl. x11, fig. 286.—
*“SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pl. Lyi, fig. 290.—* PasrEL, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 153.
* Margaron Unio funebralis Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 55.
Uruguay River.
, tDIPLODON PARANENSIS Lea.
* Unio paranensis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 49, pl. x1v, fig. 42.—* Obs., I,
1834, p. 211, pl. xiv, fig. 42.—*Hantzey, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 202; *Biv.
Shells, 1843, p. 202, pl. xx, fig. 3.—*D’ORBIGNY, Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p.
603.—* CATLOw and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 62.—* H. and A. ADAms,
Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—* KusTrr, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 253, pl.
LXXXV, fig. 3.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. LI, fig. 268; * PacTEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 162.
* Margarita (Unio) paranensis LRA, Syn., 1836, p. 33; 1838, p. 23.
*Margaron (Unio) paranensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 345 1870, p. 55.
*t Unio nocturnus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 91; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., V, 1863, p. 380, pl. xLu, fig. 288; * Obs., X, 1863, p. 16, pl. XLII, fig. 288.
*Margaron (Unio) nocturnus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 56.
Uruguay and Parana rivers.
Section BULLOIDEUS Simpson, 1900,
(Type, Unio bulloides Lea.)
Shell rounded, inflated, thin, nearly equilateral, truncate behind and
slightly so before, with a rather sharp posterior ridge and a dorsal
wing; beaks full, rather high, regularly radial; epidermis smooth,
bronzy olive; pseudocardinals compressed, much elongated, disposed
to be split into denticles, two in the right valve and one in the left;
laterals two in the left valve and one in the right; dorsal scars few and
scattered in the rather shallow cavities; nacre bluish.
+DIPLODON BULLOIDES Lea.
*Unio bulloides LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 187; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1860, p. 264, pl. xxi, fig. 144; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 82, pl. Lxu, fig. 144.—
*KuUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 186, pl. Lx, fig. 2.—*SowERBy, Conch.
Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxXxvi1Ml, fig. 275.—* PATEL, Conch.Sam., III, 1890, p. 146.
Margaron (Unio) bulloides LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 55.
tio de la Plata.
+DIPLODON SOLISIANUS d’Orbigny.
* Unio solisiana D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 35; * Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p. 604,
pl. Lxrx, figs. 1-3.—* Sowerby, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xc, fig. 508.
10 de la Plata and its affluents.
888 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
DIPLODON VARIABILIS Maton.
* Mya variabilis Maron, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond., X, 1811, p. 327, pl. xxIv,figs. 4-7.!—
* Woop, Gen. Conch., I, 1815, p. 111.—* Dittwyn, Cat., I, 1817, p.53.—* Woop, Ind.
Test., 1825, p. 13, pl. 11, fig. 88a; rev. ed., 1856, p. 17, pl. 111, fig. 38.
* Unio variabilis D’ORBIGNY, Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p. 604, pl. Lxx1, figs. 1-3.—
*HANLEY, Test. Moll.,1842, p. 202; * Biv. Shells, 1844, p. 202.—* CaTLow and
REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 65.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll.,
II, 1857, p. 492.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxtv, fig. 381.—
* STROBEL, Mat. Mal., Pt. 1, 1874, p. 69.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890,
pelle
* Margarita (Unio) variabilis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 33; 1838, p. 28.
* Margaron (Unio) variabilis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 35; 1870, p. 56.
* Mytilus matoniana D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 35.
* Unio matonianus PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 158.
* 2 Unio membranacea HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 202, pl. xxu1, fig. 6.
* Unio membranaceus PHILIPPI, Conch., III, 1848, p. 80, pl. v, fig. 4.—* KusTER,
Conch. Cab. Unio., 1862, p. 284, pl. xcv, fig. 5.
Rio de la Plata.
Subgenus HYRIDELLA Swainson, 1840.
(Type, Unio australis Lamarck. )
Beaks rather low, sculpture consisting of curved, generally nodulous
ridges, which approach below but usually have a smooth area of shell
between them; surface sulcate or sometimes corrugated and nodulous;
epidermis rayless; teeth rather delicate, compressed, often somewhat
rudimentary.
Animal having the embryos occupying the inner gills for the most
part,? which are united for their entire length to the abdominal sac;
outer gills pointed below in the middle; palpi triangular; branchial
opening papillose; anal opening smooth, not separated from the super
anal opening.
Section HYRIDELLA Swainson, 1840,
Shell covered with concentric, suleate sculpture; pseudocardinals
well developed, compressed; laterals delicate, sometimes imperfect.
(Group of Diplodon dorsuosus.)
Shell somewhat rhomboid, inflated solid, with rather full beaks, the
sculpture consisting of very strong, subradial, corrugated ridges which
curve toward each other below, those in the center sometimes joining,
this sculpture extending well out on the disk; upper part of pos-
terior slope having slight radial folds. |
‘T feel certain that Maton has illustrated two species, figs. 4, 6, and 7 being nearly
circular, with a rather straight hinge, while fig. 5 is a small shell, is much inflated
at the posterior base, and is incurved in front of the breaks. He describes the large
shell first. The small one may be the young of D. patelloides.
2 According to Suter in a letter.
NO. 1205. _ SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIA DES—SIMPSON. 889
t DIPLODON DORSUOSUS Gould.
*Unio dorsuosus GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. H., IIT, 1850, p. 296; * U.S. Expl. Exp.,
XII, 1852, p. 480, figs. 540, 540a, 540b; * Otia Conch., 1862, p. 89.—*H. and A.
ADAMS,Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.—*PTEL,Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 151.
* Wargaron (Unio) dorsuosus LEA, Syu., 1852, p. 21.
“Unio napeanensis CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1852, p. 10; “Jl. Ac. N. Sei.
Phila., 1854, p. 296, pl. xxv1, fig. 4.—*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. lec. Moll., II,
1857, p. 498.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxi, fig. 2.—* PmTE.,
Conch. Sam, III, 1890, p. 160.
*Margaron ( Unio) napeanensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 20; 1870, p. 30.
Nepean River, Australia.
DIPLODON GLENELGENSIS Dennant.
* Unio glenelgensis DENNANT, Pr. Roy. Soc. Vict., X, 1898, p. 112, pl. rv.
Glenelg River, Victoria.
(Group of Diplodon menziezt.)
Shell subrhomboid; beak sculpture not strong, consisting of broken,
nodulous ridges curving toward each other below, with generally a
smooth space between, not extending over the shell.
Animal as in the subgenus.
+DIPLODON MENZIEZI Gray.
* Unio menziezi GRAY, In Dieffenbach’s N. Z., II, 1848, p. 257.—* ? MusGraveE, Phot.
Conch., 1863, pl. u, fig. 1.—*Hurron, N. Z. Moll., 1880, p. 160.—* Parent,
Conch. Sam., 1890, p. 159.
* Unio menziezianus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxIx, fig. 152.
* Margaron (Unio) menzieni LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 46.
* Unio aucklandica GRAY, In Dieffenbach’s N. Z., II, 1843, p. 257.—* HuTtTon, N. Z.
Moll., 1880, p. 161.
*?Unio aucklandicus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxx, fig. 156.—
*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 145.
* Margaron ( Unio) aucklandicus LEA, Syn.,1870, p. 45.
+DIPLODON MENZIEZI var. RUGATUS Hutton.!
*Unio rugatus HUTTON, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XVI, 1884, p. 216.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 166.
+DIPLODON MENZIEZI var. HOCHSTELLERI Krauss.
“Unio hochstellerti DUNKER, Mal. BI., VIII, 1862, p. 153.—*SowERBY, Conch. Icon.,
XVI, 1868, pl. LXxxv1, fig. 463.—*HuTTOoN, N. Z. Moll., 1880, p. 161.—*ParE.,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155.2
1The name rugatus was applied previously to a European Unio by Rossmassler;
but it may be used as a varietal name. This seems to be a smail form of menziezt
which sometimes merges into hochstelleri.
?Suter believes this to be only a pathologic form of menziezi. He says in a letter
to the author that he has seen the same kind of disease among small rugatus.
890 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
+DIPLODON MENZIEZI var. DEPAUPERATUS Hutton.
*Unio depauperatus Hurron, Tr.N. Z. Inst., XVI, 1884, p.216.—*ParEL, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 150.
New Zealand.
DIPLODON WAIKARENSIS Colenso.
*Unio waikarensis COLENSO, Tasm. Jl. N. Sci., II, 1841, p. 250, footnote; Tr. N.
Z. Inst., XIV, 1882, p. 169. !
Waikare Lake, New Zealand.
+DIPLODON ZELEBORI Dunker.
*Unio zelebori DUNKER, Reise der Nov., 1867, p. 15, pl. 11, fig. 28.— *Hurron, N.
Z. Moll., 1880, p. 161.—*P#TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 172.
*Margaron (Unio) zelebori La, Syn., 1870, p. 52.
New Zealand.
DIPLODON FLYENSIS Tapperone Canefri.
“Unio flyensis TAPPERONE CANEFRI, Ann. Mus. Genov., XIX, 1883, p. 293, fig. 1.—
*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 153.
Fly River, New Guinea.
+ LIPLODON VITTATUS Lea.
*Unio vittatus Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 153; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., _
IV, 1860, p. 249, pl. xxxviut, fig. 128; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 67, pl. xxxvitl, fig.
128.—*REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xxi, fig. 83.—*PaTEL, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 171.
*Margaron (Unio) vittatus Lma, Syn., 1870, p. 35.
Australia.
+ DIPLODON LESSONI Kuster.
*Unio lessoni KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1856, p. 135, pl. xxxV1, fig. 4. —“PTEL, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 157.
*Unio australis KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 230, pl. LXxvit, fig. 6.
New South Wales.
+ DIPLODON AUSTRALIS (Lamarck) Hanley.?
*? Unio australis LAMARCK, An. sans. Vert., VI, 1819, p. 80.—*?DESHAYES, Ene.
Méth., II, 1830, p.582.—* HaNnLEy, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 192; * Biv. Shells, 1843,
p. 192, pl. xx1, fig. 25.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 56.—
* PHILiPPi, Conch., III, 1848, p. 81, pl. v, fig.5.—*H. and A. ADAms, Gen. Rec.
Moll., II, 1857, p.493.—* Pa:TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 145.
‘Suter thinks this is a variety of menziezi, but Colenso states that the posterior
slope is keeled. If this is so, it must be quite different from that species.
?Lamarck’s description of this species is wholly inadequate, and would apply about
equally well to several species. He refers to no figure, and Lea states that he did
not see the type. I credit the species to Hanley, whose figure seems to represent a
form of an abundant and variable species commonly referred to Lamarck.
=, ~~
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. S91
* Margarita (Unio) australis LEA, Syn., 1886, p. 25; 1838, p. 19.
*Hyridella australis SWAINSON, Tr. on Mal., 1840, p. 285.
*Margaron (Unio) australis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 28; 1870, p. 44.
*? Unio depressus Lesson, Voy. Coquille, 1830, II, p. 427, pl. xv, fig.!
*Margarita (Unio) depressus LEA, Syn., 1836, p.32; 1838, p. 22.
*Margaron (Unio) depressus Lua, Syn., 1852, p.33; 1870, p. 54.
“Unio ambiguus PuHiLippi, Conch., III, 1847, p. 47, pl. m1, fig. 2..—* Sowrrsy,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxrx, fig. 355.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,
p. 144.
* Unio shuttleworthi KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 152, pl. xtiv, fig. 2.
*Unio philippianus KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 235, pl. LXXIX, fig. 2.
*Unio balonnensis CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1850, p. 10; *Jl. Ac. N. Sei.
Phila., II, 1854, p. 295, pl. xxv1, fig. 3.
*?Unio daniellii VILLA, Jl. de Conch., XIX, 1871, p.328.—* Smirn, J]. Linn. Soc.,
XVI, 1882, p. 307.—*? P& TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 150.
Unio bednalli TaTE. Where??
OL
+DIPLODON AUSTRALIS var. LEGRANDI Petterd.
* Unio depressus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xviul, fig. 81.
*Unio legrandi PETTERD, Pr. R. Soc. Tasm., 1887, p. 22; 1888, p. 81.
Australia; Tasmania.
+DIPLODON JEFFREYSIANUS Lea.
* Unio jeffreysianus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p.188; *Jl. Ac. \. Sei. Phila.,
VIII, 1874, p. 23, pl. vu, fig. 20; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 27, pl. vit, fig. 20.
Australia.
+DIPLODON PROFUGUS Gould.
*Unio profugus GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1850, p. 295;> *U. 8. Expl. Exp.,
XII, 1852, p. 429, figs. 543, 543a, 543b.—*.H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II,
1857, p. 494.—* GouLpD, Otia Conch., 1862, p. 88.
*Margaron (Unio) profugus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29.
Hunter’s River, New South Wales.
DIPLODON MORETONICUS Reeve.
*Unio moretonicus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xx1v, fig. 118.—* PaTEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 160. ,
*Margaron (Unio) mortonicus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 43.
Tasmania.
1Credited to Parreyss in litt.
2 Specimens received from Mr. Bednall bearing the above name are undoubtedly a
form of D. australis. I do not know whether it has been described or not.
3The types are in the U. 8. National Museum collection. Lea believes it to be the
same as the australis. Iam inclined to think it distinct.
892 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. }
+ DIPLODON CULTELLIFORMIS Conrad.!
*?Unio depressa LAMARCK, An. sans. Vert., VII, 1819, p. 79.—*? DELESSERT,
Rec. Coq. Lam., 1841, pl. xu, fig. 5.—*CneEnv, Il. Conch., 1858, pl. xu,
figs. 4, 4a.
*Unio depressus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 200; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 200.—
*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58.—* ConrRaD, JI. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., 1854, p. 295, pl. Xxxv1, fig. 2.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll.,
II, 1857, p. 493.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 150.
*Unio cultelliformis CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1850, p. 10.—* H. and A.
Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,
p. 149.
*Margaron (Unio) cultelliformis Lua, Syn., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p. 52.
*+ Unio paramatensis LEa, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1862, p. 176; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 60, pl. xx, fig.59; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 64, pl. xx, fig. 59.
*Margaron (Unio) paramattensis Lua, Syn., 1870, p. 35.
Australia.
+DIPLODON LUTULENTUS Gould.
*Unio lutulentus GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. Hist., II, 1850, p. 295; *U.S. Expl.
Exp., XII, 1852, p. 428, figs. 542, 542a, 542, 542c.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree.
Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—* GouLp, Otia Conch., 1862, p. 88.—* REEVE, Conch.
Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxv, fig. 122.—* Hutton, N. Z. Moll., 1880, p. 161.—
*PxTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 158.
*Margaron ( Unio) lutulentus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p. 52.
New Zealand.
+DIPLODON WILSONII Lea.
*Unio wilsonit LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1859, p. 153; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV,
1860, p. 257, pl. XL, fig. 137; *Obs., VII, p. 74, pl. XL, fig. 137.—* SowERBY,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxxvul, fig. 474.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 172.
* Margaron (Unio) wilsontt LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 47.
*t Unio (Alasmodon) stuarti ADAMS and ANGAS, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1863, p. 417.?
* Unio stuarti SOWERBY, Conch. Icon.,X VI, 1866, pl. Liv, fig. 279.
* Anodon stuarti SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. xxxtIv, figs. 136, 136a,
136d.
* Margaron (Unio) stuarti LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52.
* Margaritana stuarti P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 174.
* Anodonta stuartti P“#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 185.
Australia.
+DIPLODON EVANSI Adams and Angas.
* Unio (Alasmodon) evansi ADAMS and ANGAS, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, p. 39.
* Unio evansi SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pl. LVI, fig. 285.—* P&TEL, Conch, |
Sam., III, 1890, p. 152.
1T can not identify Lamarck’s Unio depressus with any certainty from his very
meager description. Lea believed it to equal the form I have considered as australis,
but Lamarck’s description seems to apply to a more elongated species. Delessert’s
figure in 1841 probably equals Lea’s paramattensis. As the name depressus was used
for a Unio in 1801 by Donovan I am obliged to use another for this.
2A specimen of this in the Lea collection from the Stuart expedition is identical
with Lea’s species.
s
No 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 893
* Margaron (Unio) evansi LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 56.
* Margaritana evansi P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 173.
Murray River, Australia
Section CUCUMERIA Conrad, 1853.
(Type, Unio nove-hollandie Gray.)
Shell elongated, trapezoidal, widest behind; pseudocardinals irregu-
lar, small, not well developed, showing a tendency to break into denti-
cles; laterals feeble; pallial line strongly pitted; nacre much thicker in
front.
(Group of Diplodon nove-hollandic.)
Shell having the posterior two-thirds covered with irregular nodules,
- which radiate somewhat from the posterior ridge.
+DIPLODON NOV2-HOLLANDIZ& Gray.
*Unio nove-hollandie GRAY, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1834, p. 57.—* MOLLER, Syn.
Noy. Gen., 1836, p. 197.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 182; * Biv. Shells, 1843,
p. 182.—*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 61.—*H. and A. :
ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496.—* P# TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,
p. 161.
* Margarita (Unio) nove-hollandiw LEA, Syn., 1836, p.17; 1838, p. 16.
* Margaron ( Unio) nove-hollandie Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 23; 1870, p. 35.
*+Unio cucumoides LEA, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., 1840, p.285; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.,
VIII, 1842, p. 192, pl. vil, fig.2; *Ohbs., III, 1842 p. 30, pl. vi, fig. 2.—* Han-
LEY, Biv. Shells, Sup., 1856, p. 382, pl. xxiv, fig.4.—*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen.
Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p.497.—* CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, pl. xx vil, figs. 3, 3a,
3b.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 219, pl. Lxx1v, fig. 1.—* REEVE,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. x1x, fig. 89.—* Pa&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,
p. 149.
* Margaron (Unio) cucumoides LEA, Syn., 1852, p.21; 1870, p. 31.
*? Unio cumingianus DUNKER, Zeits. fiir Mal., 1853, p. 53.
Australia.
(Group of Diplodon shuttleworthii.)
Beak sculpture consisting of. strong, irregularly radiate, curved,
nodulous bars; surface of shell somewhat sulcate, but not nodulous.
+ DIPLODON SHUTTLEWORTHII Lea.
*Unio shuttleworthii Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 94; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., III, 1857, p. 304, pl. xxvii, fig. 19; VI, 1857, p. 24, pl. XX VIN, fig. 19.—
* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, p]. Xx xu, fig. 167.
*Margaron ( Unio) shuttleworthii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 36.
*? Unio mutabilis REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxiv, fig. 112.
*Unio angasi SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pl. Lv, fig. 282.
*Margaritana angasi P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 172.
*Anodonta angasi PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 176.
Australia.
had
894 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
+DIPLODOCN MUTABILIS Lea.
*Unio mutabilis LEA, Pr. Ae. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 152; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
IV, 1860, p. 248, pl. xxxvni, fig. 127; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 66, pl. xxxvutl, fig.
127.—* PHTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 160.
*Margaron (Unio) mutabilis Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 53.
Murray River, Australia.
Subgenus LEAVIROSTRIS Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Unio stagnorum Dautzenberg. )
Shell irregularly quadrate, thin, inequilaterai, compressed, rounded
and narrowed in front, somewhat biangulate and truncate behind;
beaks rather low, without sculpture;! surface finely concentrically
erooved; epidermis delicately lamellated and serrate; pseudocardinals
small; laterals elongated; anterior muscle impressions small, well
marked; posterior scars superficial; nacre bluish- white.
Animal unknown.
DIPLODON STAGNORUM Dautzenberg.
* Unio stagnorum DAUTZENBERG, Bull. Acad. Belg., XX, 1890, p. 372, pl. 1, figs. 7, 10.
Kongo River, Africa.
The following are unfigured and uncertain species.
* Unio depressa D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 34.2
*Unio fokkesi DUNKER, Zeits. fiir Mal., IX, 1853, p. 54.
Rio de la Plata, Brazil. According to von Ihering, this = U. wheat-
leyanus Lea.
* Unio koseretzi CLESSIN, Mal. Bl., X, p. 172.
River Guahyba, Brazil.
* Unio macropterus DUNKER, Zeits. fiir Mal., III, 1846, p. 109.
Brazil.
*Unio paraguanus VON MARTENS, S. B. Ges. Nat. Fr., 1895, p.
“Unio zealandicus PmtTrt, C.Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 172. Said to be of Gray. Where?
Unio damnoica D’ORBIGNY. Where?
Unio guahybe VON IHERING.
Unio ethiopiformis VON IHERING.
Unio bishoffi VON THERING.
Unio sebastanw VON IHERING.
Unio iheringt VON CLESSIN.
1 According to Dautzenberg the beaks of the remarkable species on which I have
founded the above subgenus are completely smooth. It has the appearance of a
Diplodon in all other respects, according to the figures and description. Dautzen-
berg does not very carefully describe the teeth.
2 According to d’Orbigny (Voy. Am. Mer., p.611), this species, which he says is the
depressa of Lamarck, is found in Chile, near Valparaiso. It can not be Lamarck’s
species.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAITAIES—SIMPSON. . 895
Ido not know where the last five species are described, and they
probably have never been published. Wright has named a Texan
species. Unio theringi.
Family MUTELID A.
Shell usually without sculpture throughout; beaks smooth or but
faintly corrugated, never exhibiting the remains of an embryonic shell;
with or without teeth, which, when present, are irregularly taxodont,
the shell showing vestiges of them in all the genera; nacre soft, richly
tinted, generally surrounded with a wide, prismatic border; escutcheon
large, distinct; palleal line usually simple, but sometimes having a
slight sinus posteriorly.
Animal having the labial palpi large, rounded below, generally with-
out free points, scarcely or not at all united posteriorly; anal and
superanal openings not separated; mantle generally closed behind into
branchial and anal siphons, which are always separated by a strong
bridge; marsupium occupying the inner gills; embryo a lasidium, com-
posed of three segments, the anterior head-like, the median bearing
a single shell, the posterior tail-like.
Genus SAW TAs ean lS3s:
(Type, Anodonta rubens Lamarck. )
Spatha Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1858, p. 141, footnote.
Shell elliptical; beaks very slightly or not at all sculptured; left
valve having a faint, compressed tooth under and in front of the beak,
which fits into a corresponding depression in the right valve; the
entire hinge area often covered with longitudinally folded epidermal
matter; escutcheon dark, sharply triangular; beak cavities shallow,
with a single, elongate, deep scar in each; two large anterior muscle
scars and two posterior ones, the upper small.
- Animal having the palpi longer than wide, semicircular, attached
along the upper edge, not united; mantle margin united behind so that
the branchial and anal apertures are closed; on the under margin the
mantle is entirely open; outer branchiz united to the mantle to their
extremity; inner the larger, free from the abdominal sack; foot tongue
shaped, thick; anal and branchial openings separated by a strong
bridge. SS. rubens Lamarck (Troschel).
Subgenus SPATHA Lea, 1838.
(Type, Spatha rubens Lamarck.)
Shell solid, having faint concentric beak sculpture.
(Group of Spatha rubens.)
Seulpture of the beaks following the growth lines; shell solid.
896 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
tSPATHA RUBENS Lamarck.
* dnodonta rubens LAMARCK, An. sans. Vert., VI, 1819, p.85.—* BLAINVILLE, Man.,
1825, p. 538.—* CAILLIAUD, Voy. 4 Méroé, IV, p. 262; Atlas, II, 1826, pl. Lx,
fig. 12.—*AUDOUIN, Savigny’s Exp. de l’Egypte, Coquilles, 1827, pl. vi1.'—
*DrsHayEs, Enc. Meth., II, 1827, p. 147, pl. cct, figs. 1, 1b.
* Tridina rubens RANG, Nouv. Ann. Mus., 1885, p. 314.—* Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 56.—
*HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 225.—*CaTrLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom.,
1845, p. 68.—* MorELET, Moll. Terr. et Fluv., 1868, p. 98.
* Platiris (Spatha) rubens Lua, Syn., 1838, p. 33; 1852, p. 55; 1870, p. 89.
* Spatha rubens CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 185, pl. vu, fig. 1; 1876, pl. Lx1,
fig. 1.—* H. and A. ApaMs, Gen. Ree. Moll., I, 1857, p. 507, pl. cx1x; III, figs. 3,
3a.—* CHENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 148, fig. 729.—* Paren, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,
p. 188.
* Anodon rubens SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. 11, fig. 5.
Anodonta clappertoni Kania, Duchane and Clapperton’s Travels, 1826, p.
_ Anodonta splendens DE CRISTOFORI, Crist. and Jan. Cat., 1832 (?), p.
*Tridina solida ANTON, Verz. der Conch., 1839, p. 16.
* Anodonta solida KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 50, pl. x11, fig. 1.
*Spatha wissmani VON MARTENS, S. B. Nat. Fr., 1883, p.73; Conch. Mitth., III,
1885 (?), p. 139, pl. XX vi1.
* Spatha rotundata VON MARTENS, Besch., 1897, p. 242, fig. d.?
+SPATHA RUBENS var. CAILLIAUDI von Martens,
* Anodonta rubens AUDOUIN in SAviIGNny, Icon. Moll. Eg., 1827, pl. vu, fig. 1.
* Spatha cailliaudi VON MARTENS, Mal. Bl., XIII, 1866, p. 9.—* JickELI, L. and
S. W. Moll., 1874, p. 259, pl. vil, fig. 1.—* KOBELT, Icon., new ed., II, 1886, p.
27, pl. XLVI, fig. 267.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 314.—
*P2HTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 188.
*Spatha bellamyi JOUSSEAUME, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., XI, 1886, p. 491, pl. x10,
figs. 2, 2a.
*Spatha renei JOUSSEAUME, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., XI, 1886, p. 492, pl. x11,
figs. 3, 3a. :
Nile; Niger; Senegal; other points in West Africa.
tSPATHA LEPSII Jickeli.
* Spatha lepsti JICKELI, Faun. L. and 8. W. Moll, 1874, p. 265, pl. 1x, fig. 4.—
* P&TEL, Conch, Sam., III, 1890, p. 188.
Upper Egypt: Senegal.
+SPATHA CHAIZIANA Rang.
* Anodonta chaiziana RANG, Mem. Aceph Senegal, (Nouv. Ann. Mus.), 1835, p. 13,
pl. xxvint.2—* MORELET, Moll.Terr. and Fluv., 1868, p. 97.
1Savigny’s plates were issued without explanation in 1813. In 1827 Audouin pub-
lished an explanation of them. Von Martens believes this is not the Spatha rubens
of the Encyc. Méth. (Mal. Bl., 1866). This species is widespread, abundant, and
variable, and the material I have examined leads me to believe that it may include
either the short, rounded form of the Encye. Méth. or specimens that are more
elongated and even somewhat rhomboid.
2T can not see any essential difference between this and forms of what I believe
are S. rubens. I believe that the S. cailliaudi is only one of these forms.
3I have only seen the reprint of this paper, which begins with page 1.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 897
* Margarita (Anodonta) chaiziana LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 30.
* Anodon chaiziana CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 66.
* Margaron (Anodonta) chaiziana LkA, Syn., 1852, p. 49; 1870, p. 79.
* Spatha chaiziana H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., I, 1857, p. 507.—* Cress,
Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 187, pl. Lxi1t, figs. 3, 4.—* Pas TEL, Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 188.
Senegal; Niger; Upper Nile; West Africa.
+SPATHA TRISTIS Jousseaume.
* Spatha tristis JOUSSEAUME, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., XI, 1886, p. 497.!
*Spatha rochebrunei JOUSSEAUME, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., XI, 1886, p. 494, pl. xiv,
figs. 1, la.
Upper Senegal.
SPATHA TRAPEZIA von Martens.
* Spatha trapezia VON MARTENS, Besch., 1897, p. 243, fig.
SPATHA TRAPEZIA var. SENILIS von Martens.
* Spatha trapezia var. senilis VON MARTENS, Besch., 1897, p. 244.
Lake Victoria Nyanza.
SPATHA DROUETI Chaper.
* Spatha droueti CHAPER, Bull. Soc. Zool. de Fr., X, 1885, p. 2, pl. 1, figs. 1-3.2—
* PHTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 188.
Assinie, Africa.
SPATHA MARTENSI STURANY.
Spatha martensi STURANY in Baumann, Durch Massai, 1894, p. 12, pl. xxv, fig.
39.—VON MARTENS, Besch., 1897, p. 244.
Stream falling into Lake Victoria Nyanza. I have not seen Sturany’s
paper.
SPATHA KIRKI Ancey.
* Spathella Kirki ANCEY, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., VII, 1894, p. 229, figs. 4-6.—* von
MARTENS, Besch., 1897, p. 244, fig.®
SPATHA KIRKI var. LIEDERI von Martens.
* Spatha kirki var. iederi VON MARTENS, Besch., 1897, p. 245.
Shire River and Lake Nyanza.
SPATHA MABILLEI Jousseaume.
* Spatha mabillei JOUSSEAUME, Bull. Soc. Zool. de Fr., XI, 1886, p. 495, pl. xiv,
figs. 2, 2a.
Senegal River.
1Morelet believes this to—chaiziana. An author’s shell is in the U. 8. National
Museum, and I am inclined to believe it to be a valid species.
2Only inside and dorsal views, and I can not be sure whether it is a good species
or not.
3 This species seems to me to-be very close to S. trapezia von Martens.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 57
898 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXL.
SPATHA ADANSONI Jousseaume.
* Spathella adansont JOUSSEAUME, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., XI, 1886, p. 498, pl. XIv,
figs. 4, da.
High Senegal.
+SPATHA WAHLBERGI Krauss.
* Tridina wahlbergi Krauss, Sud Af. Moll., 1848, p. 19, pl. it, fig. 1.
* Platiris (Spatha) wahlbergi Lua, Syn., 1852, p.55; 1870, p. 389.
* Spatha waklbergi H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll, II, 1857, p. 507.—*° VON
Marrens, Mal. Bl., VI, 1860, p. 217.—*Cximssin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876,
py 18i,) pl. Lxan, fe. 1 are, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 188.—* von
MartTENS, Besch., 1897, p. 247.
* Mutela wahlbergi SMiTH, Ann. and Mag., VIII, 1891, p. 319.
*+ Spatha natalensis Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1864, p. 115; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 64, pl. xx, fig. 58; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 68, pl. xx, fig. 58.—
* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 189, pl. Lxu1, figs. 7, 8.
* Platiris (Spatha) natalensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 89.
*Spatha hartmannt VON MARTENS, Mal. BI., XIII, 186, p. 10.—*Jickert, Faun.,
1874, p. 263, pl. vu, fig. 2.—*Ciessin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 190, pl.
LXI, figs. 2, 3.—*P#TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 188.
* Anodon tabula SOwERBY; Conch. Icon.,X VII, 1867, pl. xvu41, fig. 68.
* Anodonta tabula Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 185.
SPATHA WAHLBERGI var BOURGNIGNATI Bourgnignat.
*Spatha bourgnignati BOURGNIGNAT, Esp. Ouk. et Tan., 1885, p. 12.
*Spathella bourgniqnati BOURGNIGNAT, Moll. Af. Eq., 1889, p. 197, pl. vir, fig. 1.
*Spathella spathuliformis BOURGNIGNAT, Moll. Af. Eq., 1889, p. 199, fig.
*Spatha wahlbergi spatuliformis VON MARTENS, Beschalte, 1897, p. 248, pl. VIL,
fig. 18.
*Spathella bloyeti BOURGNIGNAT, Moll. Af. Eq., 1889, p. 198, pl. vut, fig. 3.
* Spatha bloyeti VON MARTENS, Besch., 1897, p. 249.
Tropical and southern Africa. The variety is reported from Lake
Nyassa.
SPATHA LACUSTRIS Simpson.
* Spatha anceyi BOURGNIGNAT, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., VII, 1894, p. 231, fig. 7.—-* VON
Martens, Besch., 1897, p. 247.
Lake Nyassa.
+SPATHA NYASSAENSIS Lea.
* Spatha nyassaensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1864, p. 109; *Jl. Ac. N. Sei.
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 36, pl. x111, fig. 83; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 40, pl. x11, fig. 33.—
*@CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 190, pl. Lxu, figs. 3, 4.—* PaTEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 188.—* von Martens, Besch., 1897, p. 246.
* Platiris (Spatha) nyassaensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 89.
* Spathella nyassaensis ANCEY, Bull. Soc. Zool. rr.. VI, 1894, p. 228.
* Spatha nyassanad BOURGNIGNAT, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., VI, 1889, p. 38.
1Changed from S. anceyi, as there is another species with that name,
No, 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON, 899
SPATHA MARNOI Jickeli.
* Spatha marnoi JICKELI, L. and Suss. Moll. N. Ost-Af., 1874, p. 259, pl. vin, fig. 3.—
*P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 188.
Abyssinia.
SPATHA SUBZZQUILATERA von Martens.
“Spatha subequilatera VON MARTENS, Conch. Mitt., III, 1887, p. 18, pl. x11, figs.
8,9; * Besch., 1897, p. 246, pl. vu, fig. 16.
Spatha bawmanni STURANY in Baumann, Durch. Massai., 1894, p. 12, pl. xxv, fig. 38.
Lake Victoria Nyanza.
SPATHA SINUATA von Martens.
* Spatha sinuata VON MARTENS, S. B. Nat. Fr., 1883, p. 173; Conch. Mitt., IT, 1885,
p. 190, pl. xx x1v, figs. 5, 6.
Congo.
(Group of Spatha petersi.)
Shell rather thin and small, greenish or olive; beak sculpture con-
sisting of faint, more or less oblique, parallel ridges; hinge line narrow;
teeth scarcely developed; nacre bluish or greenish. Animal unknown.
+SPATHA PETERSI von Martens.
*Spatha peterst VON MARTENS, Mal. Bl., VI, 1860, p. 218, pl. ut, figs. 1, 2.—
*Dourn, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, p. 117.—* von Martens, Besch., 1897,
p. 251.
* Mutela petersi CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 197, pl. Lx, figs. 1, 2.—
*PA&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 187.—* Smiru, Pr. Mal. Soc. Lond., 1894,
p. 167.
Spathella petersi BOURGUIGNAT, Mol. Af. Eq., 1889, p. 197.
*tSpatha modesta Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1864, p.109; * Jl. Ac. N. Sei.
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 37, pl. x11, fig.35; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 41, pl. x11, fig. 35.
* Platiris (Spatha) modesta LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 89.
Mozambique; Zanzibar and Uganda.
+SPATHA ARCUATA Cailliaud.
* Anodonta arcuata CAILLIAUD,! Voy. &’ Méroé, IV, 1826, p. 263; II, pl. Lx, figs. 4, 5.—
*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 66.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen.,
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.—* von Martens, Mal. Bl., XIII, 1866, p. 77.—
* 2CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 145, pl. xtvu, figs. 1, 2.—* JickE11, L.
and Suss. Moll. N. Ost-Af. 1874, p.265.—* Parsi, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,
p. 176.
* Margarita (Anodonta) arcuata Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 54; 1838, p. 32.
* Tridina arcuata POTIEZ and MICHAUD, Gall. Moll., 1844, p. 146, pl. Lv, fig. 4.
* Margaron (Anodonta) arcuata LEA, Syn., 1852, p.53; 1870, p. 83.
* Spatha arcuata JICKELI, Faun., 1874, p. 265.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,
p. 188.
Egypt; Abyssinia.
1 Arcuta in The Voyage; a typographical error, I presume.
900 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL, XXII-
SPATHA CRYPTORADIATA Putzeys.
>
* Spatha cryptoradiata PuTzZEYs, Proc. Verb. Soc. Mal. Belg., 1898, pl. XXvu, figs.
14, 15.
Leopoldville; Congo.
SPATHA STUHLMANNI von Martens.
* Spatha stuhlmannii VON MARTENS, Besch., 1897, p. 250, fig. !
Lake Albert; Nyanza.
SPATHA SUBRENIFORMIS Sowerby.
* Anodon soleniformis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. xrv, fig. 50.
* Anodonta subreniformis P2zTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 185.
Lake Nyanza.
SPATHA PFEIFFERIANA Bernardi.
* Margaritana pfeifferiana BERNARDI, Jl. de Conch., IV, 1860, p. 331, pl. x11, figs.
1, 2.—P.®TEL, Conch. Sam., UI, 1890, p. 173.
* Margaron (Margaritana) pfeifferiana LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 68.
Gaboon; West Africa.
tSPATHA DAHOMEYENSIS Lea.
* Anodonta dahomeyensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 154; *Jl. Ac. N.
Sei. Phila., IV, 1859, p. 261, pl. x11, fig. 141; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 79, pl. X11, fig.
141.—* PETEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 178.—* CLEssIn, Conch. Cab. Ano.,
1873, p. 103, pl. XXxI, figs. 5, 6.
~ dnodon dahomeyensis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1870, pl. XxX xv, fig. 151.
* Margaron (Anodonta) dahomeyensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 82.
*t Anodonta senegalensis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1859, p. 154; *Jl. Ac. N.
Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 260, pl. x11, fig. 140; *Obs., VII. 1860, p. 78, pl. Xt, fig.
140.—* CLEssIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, pl. XXXJ, figs. 7, 8.—* P£TEL, Conch.
Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 184.
* dnodon senegalensis SOWERBY. Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. x1, fig. 35; 1870, pl.
XXXII, fig. 130.
* Margaron (Anodonta) senegalensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 82.
* Spatha senegalensis PTEL, Conch. Sam., III. 1890, p. 188.
* Mutelina senegalica JOUSSEAUME, Bull. Soc. Zool. de Fr., XI, 1886, p. 488.2
West Africa.
SPATHA COMPLANATA Jousseaume.
~ Mutelina complanata JOUSSEAUME, Bull. Soc. Zool. de-Fr., XI, 1886, p. 489, pl.
x1, figs. 1, la.
Upper Senegal; Niger River.
1T am doubtful whether this is distinct from S. arcuata.
2Jousseaume has the unspeakable assurance to take the 4nodonta senegalensis of
Lea, place it in the so-called genus Mutelina, change the specific name to senegalica,
and credit the whole to Bourguignat.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 901
SPATHA DIVARICATA von Martens.
* Spatha divaricata VON MARTENS, Besch., 1897, p. 250, pl. vit, fig. 15.
Lake Victoria; Nyauza.
Subgenus MONCETIA Bourguignat, 1885.
(Type, Moncetia anceyi Bourguignat. )
Shell long-elliptical, inequilateral, com pressed, thick, somber-colored ;
beaks compressed, smooth, sharp; hinge with a tubercular eminence
near the beak of the right valve, with two internal ligaments and three
eroups of muscular impressions (Bourguignat).'
Animal unknown.
SPATHA ANCEYI Bourguignat.
* Moncetia anceyti BOURGUIGNAT, Esp. Ouk., 1885, p. 34; * Icon. Mal., 1888, pl. xxx,
tig. 1.—* VON MarTens, Besch., 1>97, p. 258.
* Moncelia jouberti BOURGUIGNAYT Un. et Ir., 1886, p. 63; *Ilcon. Mal., 1888, pl.
XXX, fig 4.
Lake Tanganyika.
SPATHA MONIETI Bourguignat.
* Moncetia monieti BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir., 1886, p. 61; * Icon. Mal., 1888, pl.
ZOOS 1h [fe r
* Moncetia rochebrunecana BOURGUIGNAT, Nouv. Mal., 1886, p. 62; *Icon. Mal.,
1888, pl. xxx, fig. 8.
.
Lake Tanganyika.
SPATHA LAVIGERINA Bourguignat.
* Moncetia lavigerina BOURGUIGNAT, Nouv. Mal., 1886, p.60; *Icon. Mal., 1888, pl.
XXX, fig. 6.
* Moncelia bridouxi BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir., 1886, p. 65; *Icon. Mal., 1888, pl.
VEO, 1H, Be
Lake Tanganyika.
Subgenus ASPATHARIA Bourguignat, 1885.
(Type, Margaritana vignoniana Bernardi. )
Shell elongated rhomboid, somewhat compressed, with a full, rounded
posterior ridge, from which curved rows of fine, broken corrugations
radiate; epidermis dark olive ,wrinkled, rayless; beak sculpture not
seen; hinge with a low, slightly elevated ridge in the left valve in front
of the beak; dorsal scars small; nacre lurid, bluish-green. Animal
unknown.
1This may be a distinct genus, though its characters seem to agree fairly well in
most respects with those of Spatha. Bourguignat does not describe the muscle scars
or tell anything of the nacre.
902 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
+SPATHA VIGNONIANA Bernardi.
* Margaritana vignoniana BERNARDI, Jl. de Conch., VII, 1858, p. 302, pl. x, fig. 1.—
*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 174.
* Unio vignoniana REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxv, fig. 120.
* Anodonta vignonana MUSGRAVE, Phot. Conch., 1863, pl. 1, fig. 1.
*Anodon vignonanus REEVE, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1870, pl. xx1X, fig. 116.
* Margaron (Unio) vignonana LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 32.
* Margaron (Margaritana) vignowana LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 67.
* Anodonta rugifera DUNKER, Mal. Bl., V, 1858, p. 225.1
Gaboon, West Africa.
SPATHA CORRUGATA Dautzenberg.
* Spatha corrugata DAUTZENBERG, Jl. de Conch., X LI, 18938, p. 50, pl. vil, fig. 5.
River Niari, West Africa.
The following are unfigured and unidentified species.
* Spatha pangallicensis ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Phil., VI, 1882, p. 33.
High Senegal.
* Anodonta tawi RANG., Nouv. Ann. Mus., 1834, p. 297.
Senegal. :
* Spatha baikit H. ADAMS, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 447.
Niger River.
* Spatha anataria JICKELI, Faun. Suss. Moll. N. O. Af., 1874, p. 266.
Kgypt.
* Spatha gancinensis ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., III, 1886, p. 9.
* Spatha corneola ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., III, 1886, p. 9.
* Spathella protchi ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., III, 1886, p. 9.
Kongo River.
*Chambardia BOURGUIGNAT in Servain, 1891. New name for the Egyptian
Tridinide.
Chambardia bourguignati, C. locardiana, C. letourneuxiana, C. phara-
onum, C. rhynchonella, CO. rhynchoidéa. Some of these are credited to
Bourguignat and some to Servain. I don’t know what they are. They
may be Moncetias.
Genus MUTELA Scopoli, 1777.
(Type, Iridina exotica Lamarck. )
Mutela Scopout, Intr. Nat. Hist., 1777, p. 397.
Tridina LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 88.
Calliscapha Swainson, Tr. on Mal., 1840, p. 380.
Eufira GIsTEL, Naturg. Hohe Schul., 1848, p.
Shell elongated, slightly inflated, with low, smooth beaks, and a
rounded posterior ridge; surface faintly concentrically grooved; epider-
mis rayless; hinge straight, having generally vestiges of taxodont teeth;
1 Probably =S. vignoniana Bernardi, but there is only a Latin description. Both
were published the same year.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON., 903
dorsal scars an irregular row, extending downward and forward;
muscle scars irregular.
Animal having the palpi longer than wide, not united; mantle mar-
gin united as far as the foot, so that the branchial and anal openings
are closed; outer branchiz united to the mantle to the extremity; inner
entirely united to the foot; foot tongue shaped, somewhat produced
anteriorly. Jridina celestis Lea (Troschel.)
(Group of Mutelu exotica.)
Shell elongate, rhomboid, wider and subtruncated behind, subsolid.
+MUTELA EXOTICA Lamarck.
*TIridina exotica LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 89; * Ene. Méth., II, 1827,
p. 147, pl. cctv, fig. 1, 1b; *Srark, Nat. Hist., IT, 1828, p. 88.—* Lxa, Syn., 1836,
p. 56.—* Han ey, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 225.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch.
Nom., 1845, p. 68.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl.1, fig. 2.—* CLEs-
SIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 231, pl. Lxx1, fig. 1.
* Anodonta exotica BLAINVILLE, Man., 1825, p.538, pl. LXVI, fig. 3.
* Platiris (Iridina) exotica LEA, Syn., 1838, p.33; 1852, p.54; 1870, p. 88.
* Pleiodon exoticus PHTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 188.
*Tridina elongata SOwERBY, Rec. and Fos. Shells, VII, 1821, fig. 1..—* OxEn, Isis,
1854, p. 458.—* SowERBy, Conch. Man., 1839, fig. 150.—* Swarnson, Tr. on
Mal., 1840, p. 286, fig. 60.—* RrEveE, Conch. Syst., I, 1841, p. 122, pl. xc1.—
* HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1848, p. 225.—* Carlow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845,
p. 68.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl.1, fig. 1.
* Platiris (Spatha) elongata La, Syn., 1838, p. 34.
* Mutela elongata Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 187.
* Tridina striata OKEN, Isis, 1834, p. 458.
* ? Mutela soleniformis BOURGUIGNAT, Esp. Ouk., 1885, p. 25.—* PrELsENEER, Bull.
Mus. Belg., IV, 1886, p. 109.—* BourGuienart, Icon. Mal., 1888, pl. x x11, fig.
2.—* VON Marrens, Besch., 1897, p. 254.
* 2 Mutela bridouxi BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir., 1886, p. 25; *Ieon. Mal., 1888, pl.
OSU Tiers
Tropical Africa.
tMUTELA DUBIA Gmelin.
Le Mutel ApaNson, Hist. Nat. du Sen., 1757, p. 234, pl. xvi, fig. 21.
* Mytilus dubia GMELIN, Syst. Nat., 1788, p. 3368.2
* Anodonta dubia Bosc, Hist Nat. Coq., III, 1824, p. 144.
* Platiris (Spatha) dubia LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 55; 1870, p. 89.
*Mutela dubia H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 506, pl. cxrx; III,
figs. 1, la.—* CLussin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 194, pl. xxv, fig. 3.—
* PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 187.
*Tridina dubia CHENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 147, fig. 726.
* Mytilus dubius DiLLwyn, part, Cat., I, 1817, p. 318.—* Woop, Ind. Test. rev.,
1856, p. 69, pl. x11, fig. 36.
West Africa.
'T agree with Lea that this = exotica. The teeth are not strongly developed.
*Gmelin refers to Adanson’s figure. Dillwyn evidently has Gmelin’s species and
Cristaria plicata from China confounded. Two or three of these so-called species of
Mutela are very close, and large series from different localities would probably show
that they run together. There is much variation in the form and the develop-
ment of hinge tubercles, even in a single species from a given locality.
904 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. xxu1.
*MUTELA NILOTICA Sowerby.
* Tridina nilotica SOWERBY, Zool. Journal, J, 1835, p. 53, pl. u.—* ?CaAILLIAUD,
Voy. & Méroé, 1826, pl. Lx, fig. 12.—* AUDOUIN, Savieny, Icon. Moll. Egypt,
1827, pl. vu, fig. 2:.—* Crovucn, Ill. Int. Lam., 1827, p. 17, pl. x, fig. 1.—
*LEA, Syn., 1836, p.56.—* HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 225.—* CarLow and
REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 68.—* DEsHAYEs, Tr. Ele., II, 1853, p. 219, pl.
xvui, figs. 6, 7.—*CHENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 148, fig. 727.—* SowERBy,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. 11, fig. 4.
* Platiris (Spatha) nilotica LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 33.
* Mytilus niloticus Woop, Ind. Test. Rev., 1856, p. 207, pl. 11, sup. fig. 1.
* Mutela nilotica H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 506.—* JicKkE11,
Faun., 1874, p. 259.—* PareL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 187.—* WEsTER-
LUND, Faun. Pal., Il, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 313.
*% Mutela jouberti BouRGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir., 1886, p. 28; *Icon. Mal., 1888, pl.
Xx, fig. 1.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 187.
* ? Mutela visseri BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir., 1886, p. 31.—* Pa TEL, Conch. [Sam.,
ILI, 1890, p. 187.
*Mutela vysseri BOURGUIGNAT, Icon. Mal., 1888, pl. x x11, fig. 3.
MUTELA NILOTICA var. EMINI von Martens.
* Mutela nilotica var. eminti VON MARTENS, Besch., 1897, p. 253.
Tropical Africa.
+|MUTELA ANGUSTATA Sowerby.
* Tridina angustata SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. 11, fig 5.
* Mutela angustata JICKELI, Faun. N. O. Af., 1874, p. 268.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam.,
IIT, 1890, p. 187.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II., pl. 7, 1890, p. 312.
Tropical Africa.
+MUTELA ALATA Lea.
*Spatha alata Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 109; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1866,
p. 35, pl. x11, hg. 315; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 39; pl. xu, fic. 31-—* Pare Coneh.
Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 188.
* Platiris (Spatha) alata LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 89.
* Mutela alata CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 196, pl. LX1I, figs. 7, 8.—*ANCEY,
Bull. Soc. Zool. de Fr., 1894, p. 232.—* VON MaRTENS, Besch., 1897, p. 253.
* Burtonia alata ANCEY, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., VI, 1889, p. 38.
Lake Nyassa.
MUTELA SIMPSONI Ancey.
* Mutela simpsoni ANCEY, Bull. Soc. Zool. de Fr., VII, 1834, p. 233, fig. 8.
* Mutela alata var. simpsoni VON MARTENS, Besch., 1897, p. 253.
Shire and Karonga rivers, near Lake Nyassa.
MUTELA BOURGUIGNATI Bourguignat.!
* Mutela bourguignati BOURGUIGNAT, Esp. Ouk., 1885, p. 8.—* SmirH, Ann. and
Mag., X, 1892, p. 128, pl. x11, fig. 16.—* VON Martens, Besch., 1897, p. 255.
Lake Nyanza.
1 Credited to Ancey, in litt.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAITADES—SIMPSON. 905
(Group of Mutela rostrata.)
Shell somewhat inflated, thin, elongated, with a low, rounded poste-
rior ridge ending in a point about midway up from the base; beaks
low, smooth; epidermis bluish green, rayless; hinge line edentulous or
having only the faintest vestiges of denticles; muscle scars large,
shallow, indistinct; nacre bluish, shaded violet.
Animal the same as in typical Jutela.
+MUTELA ROSTRATA Rang.
*Tridina rostrata RANG, Nouv. Ann. Mus., 1835, p. 316.—* Potirz and MIcHaup,
Gall. Moll., 1844, p. 147, pl. Lv1, fig. 1.
“Spatha rostrata VON MARTENS, Mal. Bl., XIII, 1866, p. 11.
*Mutela rostrata JICKELI, Faun., 1874, p. 269.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt.
7, 1890, p. 312.—* Pmre., Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 187.
* Mutelina rostrata BOURGUIGNAT, Bull. Soc. Zool. de Fr., II, 1886, p. 488.
*Tridina celestis LEA, Syn., 1836, p.57; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 82, pl. x x11,
fig. 70; *Obs., II, 1838, p. 82, pl. xxu1, fig. 70.—* TRoscHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., V,
1839, Pt. 2, p. 239.—* HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 225.—* CaTLow and REEVE,
Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 68.—* TroscHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., XIII, 1847, I, p. 273.—
* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. 1, fig. 3.
*Platiris (Spatha) celestis LuA, Syn., 1838, p.33; 1852, p.55; 1870, p. 89.
*Mutela celestis H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 506.—* CLEssin,
Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 193, pl. xxv, figs. 1, 2.—* PTE, Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 187.
Tropical Africa.
Subgenus PSEUDOMUTELA Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Mycetopus plicatus Sowerby.')
Shell rather thin, elongate, wide, round and gaping behind, cut away
and gaping at the anterior base; beaks low; surface rudely sulcate; a
series of irregular nodulous projections extends down the low posterior
ridge; hinge edentulous, with a kind of faint, broken internal ligament,
with a wide prismatic streak behind; muscle sears distinct, united, the
anterior protractor, however, separated and irregular; nacre lurid
violet, iridescent behind.
tMUTELA PLICATA Sowerby.
* Mycetopus plicatus SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. 11, fig. 5; Icon. XVI,
1868, pl. 11. fig. 3.—* FiscuEr, Jl. de Conch., XX XVIII, 1890, p. 8.—* PeTEL,
Conch, Sam., III, 1890, p. 187.
*Platiris (Mycetopus) plicatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 90.
* Mutela plicata JICKELI, Faun. Moll. N. Ost-Af., 1874, p. 270.
Locality unknown, but Africa, no doubt. Sowerby credits it to
Gray’s manuscript in the British Museum.
1This is certainly not a Mycetopoda, but is evidently nearer Mutela than anything.
Ihave placed it in that group as a subgenus, though it may be worthy of generic
rank.
906 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. SXU
The following are unfigured Mutelas:
*Mutela lavigerina BOURGUIGNAT, Un. and Ir., 1886, p.26. Lake Tanganyika.
*Mutela moineli BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir., 1886, p.27. Lake Tanganyika.
* Mutela subdiaphana BouRGUIGNAT, Moll. Fluv. Ny., 1883, p.5. Vietoria Nyanza.
* Mutelina thottont ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., III, 1886, p.7. Kongo.
* Mutelina legumen ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., III, 1886, p.6. Kongo.
* Mutelina mabilli ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., III, 1886, p.7. Kongo.
*Mutelina paludicola ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., Ii, 1886, p. 8.
* Mutelina prasina ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soe. Mal. Fr., ITI, 1886, p.7. Kongo.
* Tridina welwitschii MORELET, Voy. de Angola, 1868, p. 98.
Genus CHELIDONOPSIS Aneey, 1887.
(Type, Chelidoneura arietina Rochebrune. )
Chelidoneura ROCHEBRUNE, 8. B. Nat. Fr., 1886, p. 3.
Chelidonopsis ANCrY, Conch. Exchange, II, 1887, p. 22.
Shell elongated, thin, narrowed in front, gaping on the anterior basal
part and winged on the front dorsal portion, rounded behind, with a
pinched-up posterior ridge which develops into an open or closed tube
near its hinder part; the shell ending in a diamond-shaped gap;
epidermis shining slightly, concentrically grooved; hinge-line narrow,
straight, with faint vestiges of denticles; a deep furrow inside marks
the position of the posterior ridge; muscle scars faint; nacre brilliant,
iridescent.
Animal unknown.
CHELIDONOPSIS ARIETINA Rochebrune.
* Chelidoneura arietind ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., III, 1886, p.4, pl.1, figs.
1-4.
Gancini, Kongo.
+CHELIDONOPSIS HIRUNDO von Martens.
* Spatha hirundo VON MARTENS, 8. B. Nat. Fr., 1881, p. 122; *Conch. Mitth., III,
1885?, p. 139, pl. xxvu1;! Conch. Mitth., II, 1883, p. 139, pl. xxvir.
* Spatha (Mutela) hirundo ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Mal., Fr., ITI, 1886, p. 2, pl. 1,
figs. 5, 6.
Chelidoneura hirundo VON MARTENS, 8S. B. Nat. Fr., 1886, p.161, pl.1, figs. 5, 6.
Kongo region.
Genus BRAZZAA Bourguignat, 1885.
(Type, Brazzwa anceyt Bourguignat. *)
Brazzwa BOURGUIGNAT, Esp. Nouv. et Gen Nouv., 1885, p. 321.
Shell thin, transparent, brilliant wine-colored, elliptical, greatly
inflated, with a slight post-dorsal wing, and a high double posterior
ridge; beaks smooth, compressed, but the region below them full;
1 Probably the young of arietina.
2This appears to be a valid genus, belonging to the Mutelidw. I copy for the most
part Bourguignat’s description, which leaves out some essential characters. I have
neyer seen any of the species.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 907
hinge edentulous, filiform, with LO Heemnenres. one internal, a winen
external; there are three groups of muscular impressions aa several
dorsal scars running in a row from the beak forward and downward;
upper border of the left valve projecting over that of the right, forming
@ SINUOUS Wing.
Animal unknown.
BRAZZAA ANCEYI Bourguignat.
* Brazzea anceyt BOURGUIGNAT, Esp. Ouk. et Tan., 1885, p. 33; *Icon., 1888, pl.
XXvill, figs. 1-4.—* von Martens, Besch., 1897, p. 258.
* Brazzea eximia BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 57; *Icon., 1888, pl.
XXEX, fig. 5.
Lake Tanganyika.
BRAZZHA BOURGUIGNATI Bourguignat.
* Brazzea bourguignati BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 58; *Icon., 1888,
pl. xxviu, figs. 5, 6.
Lake Tanganyika.
BRAZZAHA ELONGATA Bourguignat.
* Brazzwa elongata BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 51; *Icon., 1888, pl.
MEK, fies, 2) 3.
Lake Tanganyika.
BRAZZ/EA COULBOISI Bourguignat.
* Brazzea coulboisi BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir, Tan., 1886, p. 50; *Icon., 1888, pl.
XXIX, fig. 1.
Lake Tanganyika.
BRAZZAA VENTROSA Pee eet
* Brazzea ventrosa BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 45; *Icon., 1888, pl.
XXIX, fig. 4.
Lake Tanganyika.
The following are unfigured species:
Brazzea randabeli BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 46.
Brazzea moineti BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 47
Brazzea jourdyi BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 48.
Brazzwa charbonnieri BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 52.
Brazzea lavigerina BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 55.
Brazzea bridouxi BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 54.
Brazzea newcombiana BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 55.
All from Lake Tanganyika.
Genus PLEIODON Conrad, 1854.
(Type, Pleiodon ovatus Swainson.)
Pleiodon ConRaD, Jl. Ac-N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1834, p. 178.
Shell elliptical, inflated, solid, with a rounded posterior ridge, and
full, peared beaks; epidermis smooth, SUID Boner ally SEMIS 5 hinge
1Said He Tourer fo he of To bert in litt,
908 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIi.
plate wide, nearly straight, set with strong, irregular, taxodont teeth
throughout its length; beak cavities moderate, with a row of dorsal
sears running obliquely downward and forward; anterior and posterior
muscle scars well defined.
Animal with the palpi semilunar, united to the mantle by a straight
border, longer than wide; outer ails generally larger than the inner,
united their whole length to the mantle; inner united to the abdominal
sac; genitalia occupying each side the lateral part of the visceral mass as
far forward as the foot; mantle closed below the branchial siphon, and
united into branchial and anal siphons; anal opening rather small;
branchial opening large, the two separated by a solid bridge which solders
together the extremities of the four branchiwe,; both orifices have a
thickened inner edge, the branchial being furnished with short tubercles
or granules; mantle united below posteriorly one-fourth its length;
foot large and strong; adductor muscles strong (Pelseneer).
Subgenus PLEIODON Conrad.
Characters as in the genus.
tPLEIODON OVATUS Swainson.
* Tridina ovata SWAINSON, Phil. Mag., LXI, 1823, p. 112.—* OkENn, Isis, 1834, p.
458.—* REEVE, Conch. Syst., I, 1841, p. 122, pl. xc111.—* HANLEY, Biv. Shells,
1843, p. 225.—* CaTtLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.68; *Elements of
Conch., I, 1860, pl. xxx1u1, fig. 184.—* CLESsIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p.
230, pl. LXxX, fig. 2; LX XI, fig. 2.
* Platiris (Iridina) ovata Lra, Syn., 1838, p. 33; 1852, p. 54; 1870, p. 88.
* Pleiodon ovata CONRAD, Jl. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, 1854, p. 298; *H. and A.
ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., IL, 1857, p. 506.
* Pleiodon ovatus CHENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 148, fig. 728.—*SowrErsy, Conch.
Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. 1, fig. 1. —* Pa Te, Conch. Bane ITI, 1890, p. 188.
Tridina exotica CHILDREN, Brande’s J]., XV, 1823, p.
* Pleiodon ee iei CONRAD, Jl. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila, VI, 1834, p. 13, pl. x11;
VII, 1854, p. 298.
* Margarita (Pleiodon) macmurtriet LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 55.
* Tridina valeus JAY, Cat., 1850, p. 70.!
*Mutela valeus H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.506.—* Pa TEL, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 187.
* Platiris (Iridina) leati LEA, Syn., 1852, p.54; 1870, p. 88.2
* Pleiodon leaiti H. and A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 506.—* P&TEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 188.
* Pleiodon splendens CONRAD, J]. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, 1854, p. 299.
* Tridina splendida CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl.1, figs. 2, 2a, 2b, 2e, 2d.
West Africa.
The following are unfigured species of Pleiodon:
* Pleiodon diolibanus BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Egypt and Ab., 1879, p. 47.
* Pleiodon elongatus BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Kg ‘gypt and Ab., 1879, p.47. Senegal River.
1Said to be of ene
*Presented to Dr. Lea by Sowerby as Jridina leaii. Lea believes it to be a young.
ovatus.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. ~ 909
* Pleiodon letourneauxianus BouURGUIGNAT, Moll. Egypt and Ab., 1879, p. 48.
Senegal River.
* Pleiodon pachyodon BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Egypt and Ab., 1879, p. 43.
Subgenus CAMERONIA Bourguignat, 1879.
(Type, Iridina spekti Woodward.)
Anterior end of the hinge plate usually (not always) split up length-
wise into irregular teeth, which bear tubercles on their surfaces.!
The mantle of P. spekii has a decided palleal sinus behind. (Pelseneer.)
+tPLEIODON SPEKII Woodward.
* Tridina (Pleiodon) spekiti WOODWARD, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, p. 348, pl. XLVII,
fig.2; *Ann. and Mag., V, 1860, p. 337.
* Pleiodon spekit SowERBY, Conch. Icon., X VI, 1866, pl. 1, fig. 2.
* Platiris (Iridina) spekii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 88.
* Cameronia spekii BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Egypt and Ab., 1879, p. 43.
* Tridina spekti CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 232, pl. LXX, fig. 2.
* Pleiodon (Cameronia) spekiti CROSSE, J1. de Conch, X XIX, 1881, p. 180.
* Pleiodon spekit SMITH, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1881, p. 296, pl. Xxxrv, figs. 31, 3la.—
* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 188.
* Mutela (Iridina) spekit VON MARTENS, Besch., 1897, p. 256.
* Cameronia gigantea BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 68; *Icon. Mal.,
1888, pl. Xxxxv, fig. 1.
* Cameronia admirabilis BOURGUIGNAT, Un.et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 69; *Icon. Mal.,
1888, pl. XxxIV, fig. 1.
* Cameronia coulboisti BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 77; *Icon. Mal.,
1888, pl. xx x1, figs. 1, 2.
Cameronia josseti BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 82; *Icon. Mal., 1888,
pl. xxxu, fig. 3. e
*Cameronia paradoxa BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p.,91; *Icon. Mal.,
1888, pl. xxxu, fig. 1.
Lake Tanganyika.
PLEIODON LANDEAUI Bourguignat.
* Cameronia landeaut BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 74; *Icon. Mal.,
1888, pl. xxxI, fig. 3.”
Lake Tanganyika.
PLEIODON BOURGUIGNATI Bourguignat.®
* Cameronia bourguignati BOURGUIGNAT, Esp. Ouk., 1885, p.26; *Icon. Mal., 1888,
pl. XXxIII.
Lake Tanganyika.
The following are unfigured species of Cameronia.
* Cameronia anceyi BOURGUIGNAT, Esp. Ouk., 1885, p.30. Lake Tanganyika.
* Cameronia bridouxt BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 71.
* Cameronia charbonnieri BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 83. Lake
Tanganyika.
1The splitting up of the anterior end of the hinge is altogether irregular, and
may be due to disease, as the hinge is sometimes entire.
2Probably a short, diseased spekii.
3Credited to Ancey in litt. by Bourguignat,
910 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
* Cameronia complanata BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 76. Lake Tan-
ganyika.
*Cameronia dromauxit BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 84. Lake Tan-
ganyika,
* Cameronia giraudi BOURGUIGNAY?, Nat. Prod., 1885, p.107. Lake Tanganyika.
*Cameronia guillemeti BoURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 72. Lake Tan-
ganyika.
*Cameronia jouberti BOURGUINAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 88. Lake Tan-
ganyika.
* Cameronia lavigirina BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 85. Lake Tan-
ganyika.
*Cameronia locardiana BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 78. Lake Tan-
ganyika.
* Cameronia marioniana BOURGUIGNAT, Esp. Ouk., 1885, p.28. Lake Tanganyika.
* Cameronia mabilliana BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 86. Lake Tan-
ganyika.
*Cameronia moineti BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 89. Lake Tan-
ganyika.
‘Cameronia pulchella BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 73. Lake Tan-
ganyika.
* Cameronia obtusa BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 75. Lake Tanganyika.
* Cameronia randebeli BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 90. Lake Tan-
ganyika.
*Cameronia revoiliana BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Tan., 1885, p.107. Lake Tanganyika.
*Cameronia vynckiti BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 81. Lake Tan-
ganyika.
Genus MONOCONDYLAAA @WOrbigny, 1835.
(Type, Monocondylwa paraguayana @Orbigny. )
Aplodon SPix (not of Rafinesque, 1818), Test. Fluv. Bras., 1827, pl. xxv, figs. 1, 2.
Monocondylwa D’ORBIGNY, Guerin Mag., 1835, p. 37.
Spixoconcha PILSBRY, Nautilus, VII, 1893, p. 30.
Shell rounded to obovate, rather solid, with a low, posterior ridge
which is generally bordered by two or more dark, radiating bands;
epidermis dull olive green to olive brown, cloth like; hinge with two
irregular teeth under the beak in the left valve and two in the right,
the posterior under the beak, the anterior in front of it and interlocking
with those of the left valve, the whole generally more or less tuberculate;
nacre soft, silvery, with iridescent shades; anterior scars united; pos-
terior indistinct; prismatic layer wide.
Animal with the marsupium occupying the whole length of the inner
branchie; gills very large, curved below, inner very much the larger,
united the whole length of the abdominal sac; palpi small, round below,
attached along their upper edge; mantle thick, greatly thickened at
the edge, with a few papille in front of the branchial opening below;
branchial opening large, with numerous small knob-like papillae; anal
opening large, without papillw, separated completely from the branchial
opening by a bridge; superanal opening not closed below.
(Group of Monocondylewa guarayana.)
Shell obovate, inflated, solid, often slightly produced just behind the
center of the base; beaks full, turned inward and forward.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 9{1
+MONOCONDYLA®A GUARAYANA d’Orbigny.
“ Monocondylaa guarayana D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 38; *Voy. Am. Mer.,
1843, p. 614, pl. Lxvin, figs. 4-5.—* H. and A. Abams, Gen. Rec. Moll,, II, 1857,
poOL MS ply exalt, he.) 3. CBENU, Mamn., 1859" Il, p. 145) fie. 715.—
*PAHTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 174.
* Margarita (Monocondylwa) guarayana LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 28.
“Unio guarayana HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 213; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 213, pl.
XxUI, fig. 14.—* SowrErBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xev1, fig. 524.
* Margaron (Monocondylwa) guarayana LRA, Syn., 1852, p. 45; 1870, p. 73.
Bolivia.
MONOCONDYLA®A INERME Spix.
* Aplodon inerme SPix, Test. Fluv. Bras., 1827, p. 32, pl. xxv, figs. 1-2.—* von
JHERING, Arch. fiir Nat.,1890, p. 126, pl. 1x, figs. 1-3.
South Brazil.
tMONOCONDYLAZA PARCHAPPII d’Orbigny.
* Moncondylea parchappti D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 38; * Voy. Am. Mer.,
1843, p. 615, pl. LX vIn, figs. 1-3.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857,
p.501.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 174.
* Margarita (Monocondylea) parchapptt LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 28.
* Unio parchappiti HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 212; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 212, pl.
XXII, fig. 13.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 62.
* Margaron (Monocondylea) parchappit La, Syn., 1852, p.45; 1870, p. 73.
*+ Monocondylwa paztt Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., X, 1866, p. 34; *J1. Ac. N. Sei.
Phila., VI, 1868, p. 273, pl. xxxvI, fig. 88; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 36, pl. xxxvI, fig.
88.—* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876. p. 251, pl. LXxIx, figs. 6-7.—* PaTEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 174.
* Margaron (Monocondylwa) pazit Lua, Syn., 1870, p. 73.
Argentina.
+MONOCONDYLAA PARAGUAYANA @d’Orbigny.
* Monocondylea paraguayana D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 37.—* SOWERBY,
Conch. Man., 1839, fig. 149.—* D’ORBIGNY, Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p. 612, pl. Lxx,
figs. 5-7.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 501.—* CLEssin,
Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 245, pl. LXxv1H1, figs. 1, 2.—* PaTrL, Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 174.
* Margarita (Margaritana) paraguayana LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 27.
* Unio paraguayana HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 212; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 212, pl.
XXII, fig. 17.—* SOwWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VI, 1866, pl. LI, fig. 273.
* Margaron (Monocondylwa) paraguayana LEA, Syn., 1852, p.45; 1870, p. 73.
* Unio paraguayanus CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 62.
*+ Monocondylwa minuana D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 37; *“ Voy. Am. Mer.,
1843, p. 612, pl.Lxx, figs. 8-10.—* H. and A. ApAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857,
p. 501.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 174.
* Margarita (Margaritana) minuana LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 28.
* Margaron (Monocondylea) minuana LEA, Syn., 1852, p.45; 1870, p. 73.
* Unio minuanus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 213; * Biv. Shells, 1543, p. 213, pl.
XXII, fig. 18.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Xct, fig. 497.
Rio de la Plata drainage.
912 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX.
tMONOCONDYLAA RETICULATA Moricand.
* Monocondyiwa reticulata MORICAND, Rey. et Mag., X, 1858, p. 453, pl. xv, fig. 2.
* Margaron (Monocondylea) reticulata LEa, Syn., 1870, p. 72.
* Margaritana reticulata Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 173.
* Unio reticulatus SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxxvut, fig. 458.
* Aplodon reticulatus VON InERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1893, p. 115.
Brazil.
MONOCONDYLA2A COSTULATA Moricand.
* Monocondylwa costulata MORICAND, Rev. et Mag. Zool., X, 1858, p. 453, pl. xv, fig. 1;
* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxxviit, fig. 470.—* PaTreL, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 174.
*Margaron (Monocondylwa) costulata Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 72.
Brazil.
+t MONOCONDYLAA CORRIENTESENSIS d’Orbigny.
* Monocondylaa corrientesensis D ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p.38; * Voy. Am. Mer.,
1843, p. 615, pl. LX vu, figs. 8-10.—* H. and A. ApAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857,
p. 501.—* CLEssIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 246, pl. Lxxvitl, figs. 3, 4.—
*PamTEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 174.
*Margarita (Monocondylwa) corrientesensis LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 28.
*Unio corrientesensis HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 212; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 212,
pl. xx, fig. 15.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.57.—* SOWERBY,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xem, fig. 509.
*Margaron (Monocondylea) corrientesensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p.45; 1870, p. 73.
Argentina.
MONOCONDYLAA JASPIDEA Hupe.
*Unio jaspidea Hupx, An. Nouv., III, 1857, p. 83, pl. x viv, fig. 2.!
*Margaron ( Unio?) jaspideus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 37.
Amazon.
(Group of Monocondylaa franciscana.)
Shell moderately inflated, lenticular, rounded, not very solid; some-
times slightly produced at the post basal region; beaks rather low.
+t MONOCONDYLZA FRANCISCANA Moricand.
* Unio (Monocondylwa) franciscana MORICAND, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Gen., VIII,
1837, p. 39, pl. 1, figs. 14-17.—* TrROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., VIII, 1842, Pt. 2,
p. 404. :
* Margarita (Margaritana) franciscana LEA, Syn., 18388, p. 35.
* Margaron (Monocondylea) franciscana LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 45; 1870, p. 72.
* Monocondylea franciscana H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., IT, 1857, p. 501.—
*CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 251, pl. LXxtv, figs. 4, 5.—* P&TEL,
Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 174.
* Aplodon franciscana VON IHERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1893, p. 115.
Brazil.
+ MONOCONDYLAA LENTIFORMIS Lea.
* Monocondylea lentiformis Lra, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., X, 1866, p. 34; *Jl. Ac. N.
Sci. Phila., VI, 1868, p. 272, pl. xxxvi, fig. 86; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 32, pl]. Xx xvI,
fig. 86.—*CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 250, pl. LXxIx, figs. 4, 5.—
* Pa&TEL, Conch. Sam., 1890, p. 174.
''The figure shows the teeth, which appear to be those of a Monocondylea.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 913
* Margaron (Monocondylea) lentiformis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 72.
* Aplodon lentiformis VON IHERING, Arch. fiir. Nat., 1893, p. 67.—* NEHRING, J.
de Conch., 1894, p. 82.
Southern Brazil.
The following species is unknown to me:
* Monocondylea tamsana DUNKER, Mal. B1., V, 1858, p. 226.
Genus IHERINGELLA Pilsbry, 1898.
(Type, Plagiodon isocardioides Lea, )
Plagiodon Lma, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 79.
Theringella PrussBry, Nautilus, VII, 1893, p. 30.
Shell solid, inflated, rounded to rhomboid in outline, with a more or
less developed posterior ridge; beaks high, curved inward and forward,
without sculpture; epidermis dull olive, cloth-like; hinge teeth imper-
fectly developed, nodulous or more or less broken into denticles, there
being an irregular tooth in the left valve under the beak, sometimes
partially bifid, and two in the right valve, with the pit between them
under the beak; anterior muscle scars deep, partially united; posterior
sears shallow; nacre soft, bluish silvery, iridescent behind.
Animal unknown.
(Group of [heringella isocardioides.)
Shell rhomboid or tsocardia shaped, with a high, distinct, strongly
curved posterior ridge; beaks decidedly full and turned forward.
tIHERINGELLA ISOCARDIOIDES Lea.
* Plagiodon isocardiodes Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 79.'
* Plagiodon isocardioides Lea, Obs., VI, 1857, p. 38, pl. xxxut, fig. 32; *Jl. Ac. N.
Sci. Phila., III, 1858, p.318, pl. Xxxt1, fig. 32.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio,
1862, p. 292, pl. xcvul, figs. 8-10.
* Unio isocardioides SOwWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xc, fig. 484.—* PaTEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 156. 2
* Margaron (Plagiodon) isocardioides LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 71.
Rio de la Plata; Eastern Peru?.
IHERINGELLA SEMISULCATA H. Adams.
* Monocondylwa (Plagiodon) semisulcata H. ADAMS, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p.
376, pl. Xx VU, fig. 3.
Eastern Peru.
(Group of Theringella rotundata.)
Shell somewhat rounded, sublenticular, posterior ridge rather low.
+IHERINGELLA ROTUNDATA Mousson.
* Plagiodon rotundatus Mousson, Mal. Bl., XVI, 1869, p. 187.—* Premrer, Nov.
Conch., IV, 1876, p. 139, pl. cxxXt1, figs. 8, 9.
South America.
1 Printed as above. A typographical error, probably.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 58
914 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL.
IHERINGELLA BALZANI von lhering.
* Plagiodon balzani VON IHERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1893, p. 69, pl. 11, fig. 3.
Rio Paraguay; San Paulo, Brazil.
Genus FOSSULA Lea, 1870.
(Type, Monocondylea fossiculifera VOrbigny.)
Fossula LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 72 (footnote).
Shell obovate, inflated, solid, with rather high beaks and a low
posterior ridge; epidermis olive-brown, somewhat smooth, sometimes
slightly rayed; there is an irregular tooth in the left valve under the
beak, and behind it a cavity; in the right valve there is a cavity under
the beak, and an irregular tooth in front of and another behind it;
the teeth and cavities are generally partly covered with brownish or
amber-colored matter, and more or less pitted; anterior cicatrices well
marked, united; posterior faint; prismatic border wide.
Animal unknown.
+FOSSULA FOSSICULIFERA d’Orbigny.
* Monocondylwa fossiculifera D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p.38; * Voy. Am. Mer.,
1843, p. 614, pl. LX xx, figs. 5-7.—* H. and. A. ApAms, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p.
501.—* CLEessrn, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 249, pl. XLXIx, figs. 1, 2.—-* PmTEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 174.
* Margarita (Margaritana) fossiculifera Lea, Syn., 1838, p. 28.
*Unio fossiculifera LANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 213; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 213, pl.
Xxil, fig. 19.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., X VI, 1868, pl. xcv1, fig. 521.
* Margaron (Monocondylaa) fossiculifera Lra, Syn., 1852, p. 45; 1870, p. 73.
* Fossula fossiculifera VON IMERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1893, p. 64, pl. 11, fig. 2.
* Unio fossiculiferus CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 59.
* Anodonta fusciculifera PazTEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 179.
Parana River, South America.
FOSSULA BALZANI von Ihering.
* Fossula balzani VON IHERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1893, p. 65, pl. 111, fig. 1.
Rio Paraguay; Rio Apae, South America.
Genus LEILA Gray, 1840.
(Type, Anodonta blainvilleana Lea. )
Columba LEA (not Columba Linnieus, aves, 1758), Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1833, p. 78.
Leila Gray, Syn. Brit. Mus., 1840, p. 142.
Shell large, obovate, inflated, with a straight hinge line which is
produced into a slight wing before and behind, tbe posterior end
bluntly pointed and somewhat truncate above, with a faint posterior
ridge; beaks full, smooth, epidermis olive, generally smooth; hinge
edentulous; beak cavities rather shallow; dorsal scars small and
numerous, running in a straight line from behind the beaks downward
and forward; posterior muscle scars united, large; palleal line gen-
erally showing a sinus.!
' Conchologically this genus seems to be very closely related to Glabaris, especially
to the group of G. trapesialis. Some of the shells of that genus have a slight dorsal
wing in front and behind, and traces of a palleal sinus.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 915
Animal having the mantle united behind into two short, separate,
contractile siphons, according to Gray.!
+ LEILA BLAINVILLEANA Lea.2
* Anodonta blainvilleana Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 77, pl. xu, fig. 35;
*Obs., I, 1834, p. 189, pl. xu, fig. 35.—* Haney, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 229;
* Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 222, pl. xxiv, fig. 18.
* Margarita (Anodonta) blainvilleana LEa, Syn., 1836, p. 53; 1838, p. 31.
* Anodon blainvilleana CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 66.
* Margaron (Anodonta) blainvilleana Lra, Syn., 1852, p. 52.
* Leila blainvilleana H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 507; ITI, pl.
CXIX, figs. 4, 4a.—* CHENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 148, fig. 730.
* Columba blainvilleana CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 253, pl. LXxxv1, figs.
1, 2.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1850, p. 188.
*“Anodon parishiti GRAY, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1834, p. 57.°—* MOLLER, Syn. Noy.
Gen., 1836, p. 195.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67.
*Margarita (Anodonta) parishti LEA, Syn., 1836, p.53; 1838, p. 31.
* Anodonta parishii HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 222; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 222.—
*P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 183.
*Margaron (Anodonta) parishtt LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 52.
“Leila parishit H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 507.
*Anodon hians SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. 1v, fig. 8.
Peru; Brazil; south to Argentina.
+ LEILA ESULA d’Orbigny.
*Tridina esula D’ORBIGNY, Guerin Mag., 1835, p.43; “Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p. 597.
Anodonta esula JAN, Charpentier and Jan, Cat., 1837, p. 24.4
* Margarita (Anodonta) esula LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 32.
*Margaron (Anodonta) esula LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 52.
*Margaron (Columba) esula LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 86.
* Leila esula H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Mol1., II, 1857, p. 507.
“Anodonta arcuata HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 223.
*Leila pulvinata Hups#, Moll. Nouv., III, 1857, p. 90, pl. xx, fig. 1.
“Columba pulvinata CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 255, pl. LXxv, figs. 1, 2.—
* PETEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 188.
* Anodon pulvinatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. v, fig. 10.
“Leila castelnaudi Hupr, Moll. Nouv., III, 1857, p. 91, pl. xrx, fig. 1.—* von Mar-
TENS, Mal. Bl., XV, 1868, p. 201.
“Anodon castelnaudt SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1868, pl. xx, fig. 79.
“Columba castelnaudit CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 254, pl. Lxxxtv, figs.
1, 2.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 188.
Bolivia; Brazil; Paraguay.
1Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 316.
2The volume of the transactions in which Lea’s name was published was issued,
according to Scudder, in August or September, 1834. Gray read the paper contain-
ing the description of his Anodon parishii before the Zoological Society on July 8 of
the same year, and the date of publication of that volume of the proceedings is 1834.
As I do not know just when it appeared, and as Lea’s is the better known name, I
retain the latter.
3Gray states in a letter to Lea, November, 1834, that his 4. parishii and Lea’s
blainvilliana are the same.
4 According to Lea. I have not seen this paper. The species is quite commonly
credited to Jan, but it was published by @Orbigny under the name of Jridina esula
in 1835, and I am not aware that Jan described it earlier than 1837.
916 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL
LEILA SPIXII von Ihering.
* Anodon giganteus SPIX (part), Test. Fluy. Bras., 1827, p. 27, pl. xix, fig. 1 (young).
* Anodonta gigantea KuSTER, Conch. Cab. Ano. 1853, p. 6, pl. 1, fig. 2 (young).
* Columba spixii VON THERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1890, p. 135, pl. 1x, fig. 4.
Amazon River.
Genus GLABARIS Gray, 1847.
(Type, Anodonta exotica Lamarck.)
Glabaris GRAY, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1847, p. 197.
Shell rounded to elongated, inflated, subsolid; beaks full, smooth;
epidermis smooth or clothlike, rarely having faint rays; hinge line.
straight or slightly curved, edentulous, sometimes a little sinuous, the
escutcheon distinct and large; nacre soft tinted, the prismatic border
wide and well defined.
Animal with the marsupium occupying the whole of the inner
branchiz, which are united their entire length to the abdominal sac;
palpi generally semicircular or kidney shaped; attached along their
entire upper length, not projecting posteriorly; branchial and anal
openings with or without papille, not united into siphons in the speci-
mens examined, separated by a strong bridge; superanal opening not
closed below.
Section GLABARIS Gray, 1847
(Type, Anodonta exotica Lamarck.)
Shell rounded to elliptical; posterior ridge low or wanting.
(Group of Glabaris patagonicus.)
Shell solid, inflated, obovate, usually somewhat produced behind the
center of the base; beaks quite full, projecting above the hinge line;
epidermis olive brown, rather smooth, generally rayless; anterior muscle
sears well defined.
Animal with the gills large, rounded below; palpi rather large;
mantle thickened at edge and furnished with palpi in front of the
branchial opening; branchial opening large, with numerous minute
papille; anal opening large, with no papille.
+GLABARIS PATAGONICUS Lamarck.
* Anodonta patagonica LAMARCK, An. sans. Vert., VI, 1819, p.88.—* LaMARCK, Ene.
Méth., II, 1827, p. 147, pl. 2U3, fig. 1.—* Stark, Nat. Hist., II, 1828, p. 89.—
*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 221; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p.221.—*KusTER,Conch. |
Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 50, pl. x11, fig. 2.—*H. and A. ADams, Gen. Rec. Moll., Il, —
1857, p.504.—* VON MARTENS, Mal. Blatt., XV, 1868, p. 198.—*PaTEL, Conch. |
Sam., III, 1890, p. 183.
*Margarita (Anodonta) patagonica Lma, Syn., 1836, p. 52; 1838, p. 31.
* 4nodon patagonica CATLOW. and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67.
*Margaron (Anodonta) patagonica Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 51; 1870, p. 82.
NO.1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. O17
*Anodon trapezeus SPIx, Test. Fluv. Bras., 1827, p. 28, pl. xx, fig. 1.
* Anodonta trapezeum D’ORBIGNY, Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, pp. 6, 19.
* Anodonta trapezea KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 7, fig. 3.
* Glabaris trapezea VON JHERING, Arch. fiir Naturg., 1893, p.57.
*t Anodonta lato-marginata Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 76, pl. x11, fig. 34;
* Obs., I, 1834, p. 188, pl. xu, fig. 34.—* Haney. Test. Moll., 1842, p.221; * Biv.
Shells, 1843, p. 221, pl. xxIv, fig. 14.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II,
1857, p. 504. —~ CHENU, Man., II, 1859, p. 146, fig. 724.—° CLEssIN, Conch. Cab.,
1873, p. 76, pl. XXI, figs. 3, 4.
* Margarita (Anodonta) lato-marginata La, Syn., 1836, p.53; 1838, p. 31.
* Margaron (Anodonta) lato-marginata LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 51; 1870, p. 82.
* Anodon lato-marginatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. 11, fig. 3.
* Anodon lati-marginata CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67.
* Anodonta lati-marginata STROBEL, Mat. Mal., Pt. 1, 1874, p. 67.—~* Part,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 181.
* Anodonta membranacea D’ORBIGNY, Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p. 616, pl. LXXxIx,
fig. 11.
* Anodonta solida KustTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 50, pl. x11, fig. 1.
* @t Anodonta uruguayensis LEA,! Pr. Ac. N. Sci.Phila., IV, 1860, p. 92; * Jl. Ac. N.
Sci. Phila.,V, 1863, p. 393, pl. xLvu1, fig. 302; * Obs., X, 1863, p. 29, pl. xLvim,
fig. 302.—* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab., 1874, p. 114, pl. xxxvuu, figs. 1, 2.—
*SoweERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxx, fig. 121,
* Margaron (Anodonta) uruguayensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 83.
* Columbia uruguayensis P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 188.
* Anodonta sinuosa CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 90, pl. xx, figs. 1, 2.
* Anodonta serpentina CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 223, pl. LXXxV, figs. 2, 3.—
* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 184.
GLABARIS PATAGONICUS var. FELIX Pilsbry.
*Glabaris lato-marginatus LEA, var. felix PitsBRy, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1869,
p. 563, pl. xxvi, fig. 8.
* Southern South America, east of the Andes; the variety in Colonia,
Uruguay.
GLABARIS CRASSUS Swainson.
* Anodon crassus SWAINSON, Zool. Il, 1st ser., III, 1823, pl. cLxvii.
* Margarita (Anodonta) crassa LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 235; 1838, p. 32.
* Anodonta crassa HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 222; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 222.—
*“H. and A. ApDams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 504.—* ParreL, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 178.
* Anodon crassa CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 66.
~ Margaron (Anodonta) crassa LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 52; 1870, p. 83.
Rio de la Plata.
+ GLABARIS WYMANII Lea.
* Anodonta wymanii Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 91; * Jl. Ac. N. Sei.
Phila., V, 1863, p. 390, pl. xLtv, fig. 294; *Obs., X, 1863, p. 26, pl. xxiv, fig.
294.—* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 104, pl. xxxu, figs. 1, 2.—
* PETEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 186.
‘An old worn shell—the type—is the only one in the Lea collection, save a few
very young that are doubtfully the same. It is a little more inflated than most
specimens that are called lato-marginata, but not more than some are, and I hardly
think it distinct.
918 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
* Margaron (Anodonta) wymanii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 80.
* Anodon wymani SOwRBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxx, fig. 117.
Uruguay River, South America.
+GLABARIS SIRIONIS d’Orbigny.
* Anodonta sirionis D’ORBIGNY, Mag. Zool., 1835, p. 40.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll.,
1842, p. 221; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 221.—* p’ORBIGNY, Voy. Am. Mer., 1843,
p. 615, pl. Lxxiv, figs. 4-6; Lxxx, figs. 1-4.—*H. and A. ADaMs, Gen. Ree.
Moll., II, 1857, p. 504.—* CLessrn, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 128, pl. X11,
figs. 1, 2.—* Pw TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 184.
* Margarita (Anodonta) sirionis LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 31.
* Anodon sirionis CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 68.
* Margaron (Anodonta) sirionis Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 51; 1870, p. 82.
* Anodonta ferrarisii D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 40.
Rio de la Plata
+ GLABARIS PAZII Lea. y
* Anodonta pazii LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., X, 1866, p.35; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
VI, 1868, p. 274, pl. xxxvi, fig. 87; *Obs., XII, 1869, pl. xxxvi, fig. 87.— @
* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 139, pl. xLim, figs. 3,4.—* P&TEL,Conch. —
Sam., III, 1890, p. 183.
* Margaron (Anodonta) pazit Lra, Syn., 1870, p. 81.
South America.
+GLABARIS RUBICUNDUS Lea.
* Anodonta rubicunda LEa, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 92; * Jl. Ac. N. Sei.
Phila., V, 1863, p.392, pl. xLvi, fig. 299; * Obs., X, 1863, p. 28, pl. XLVI, fig.
299.—* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 106, pl. Xxx, figs. 5, 6.—* PATEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 184.
*Anodon rubicundus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxx, fig. 118.
* Margaron (Anodonta) rubicunda LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 75.
Uruguay River, South America.
+ GLABARIS ROTUNDUS Spix.
* Anodon rotundus SPIx, Test. Fluv. Bras., 1827, p. 28, pl. xx, figs. 2-4.
* Anodon rotunda KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 33, pl. vuit, fig. 1.
* Margaron (Anodonta) rotunda LKA, Syn., 1870, p. 81.
* Glabaris rotunda VON IHERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1893, p. 59.
*+t Anodonta cailliaudit Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 308; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., V, 1863, p. 395, pl. xLv, fig. 297; *Obs., X, 1863, p. 31, pl. XLV, fig. 297.—
*CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 105, pl. xxxtl, figs. 3, 4.—* P&TEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 177.
* Anodon cailliaudi SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. xu, fig. 38.
* Margaron (Anodonta) cailliaudit LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 81.
Brazil.
GLABARIS MEMBRANACEUS Maton.
* Mytilus membranaceus MATON, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond., 1811, p. 329, pl. xxrv, figs. 11,
12.
1Tt is difficult to tell what this is, but I believe it to be some species of Glabaris,
from the fact that Maton says that the hinge is edentulous. The figure (11) plainly
shows it to be destitute of radial beak sculpture, though the umbo is perfect. The
specimens figured are evidently young.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 919
*Margarita (Anodonta) membranacea LEA, Syn., 1836, p.22; 1838, p. 23.
*Margaron (Anodonta) membranacea LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 34; 1870, p. 55.
* Unio membranaceus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 202.—* H. and A. ADams, Gen.
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.492.—* PareL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 159.
“Unio subtrapezius Puitiprt, Zeits. fiir Mal., IV, 1847, p.96; *Abbild., III, 1848,
p.80, pl. v, fig. 3.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 283, pl. xcv, fig. 4.
Rio de la Plata.
+ GLABARIS IHERINGI Clessin.
“Anodonta iheringt CLESSIN, Mal. Bl., V, 1882, p. 191, pl.1v, fig. 5.—*PaTE.,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 180.}
(Group of Glabaris crispatus.)
Shell elliptical obovate, slightly produced at the posterior base, and
straight or very feebly incurved in front of it; epidermis fuscous or
tawny, cloth-like behind, somewhat rayed by more or less incised lines
in front, where it is wrinkled like dried paint, the wrinkles often being
looped; nacre lurid, bluish, somewhat iridescent.
Animal unknown.
+GLABARIS CRISPATUS Bruguiere.
* Anodontites crispata BRUGUIERE, JI. de Hist. Nat., I, 1792, p. 131.
* Anodonta crispata LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 86.2—* Lra, Obs., I, 1834, —
p. 205.—* HANLeEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 217; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 217.—* H. and
A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., I, 1857, p. 503.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p.
178.
*Margarita (Anodonta) crispata Lma, Syn., 1836, p. 48; 1838, p. 29.
* Anodon crispata CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 66.
*Margaron (Anodonta) crispata LEa, Syn., 1852, p. 47; 1870, p. 75.
*? Anodonta crispa LAMARCK, Ene Meth., II, 1827, p. 147, pl. com, fig. 3.
*t Anodonta puberula GOULD, U. 8. Expl. Ex., XII, 1852, p. 434, figs. 548, 548a,
5485.8
* Anodon reticulatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. x, fig. 27.
*Margaron (Anodonta) reticulata Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 80.
* Anodonta reticulata P42 TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 184.
Widely distributed in tropical South America.
GLABARIS PHILIPPIANUS Simpson.‘
*Anodonta subsinuata PHILIPPI, Mal. Bl., XVI, 1869, p. 41.—* PreirrEer, Nov.
Conch., III, 1869, p. 487, pl. cv, figs. 7,8.—* PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,
p. 185.
Ucayali River, Peru.
1 This species combines characters of the Patagonicus and Tenebricosus groups.
2 Lamarck refers to Encyclopaedie Méthodique, pl. Cc111, figs. 3, 3a, 3b.
3 According to Lea’s note in pencil on the margin of this description the species—=
crispata. I think he is right.
+The name subsinuata, applied to this by Philippi, will have to be placed in the
synonymy, as Sowerby used it previously for a Glabaris which he placed in Anodonta,
930 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
+ GLABARIS NAPOENSIS Lea.
* Anodonta napoensis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 162; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1868, p.324, pl. Lim, fig. 137; “Obs., XII, 1869, p. 84, pl. L111, fig. 1387.—
*CLESSIN, Conch.Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 116, eee figs. 3, 4.—*P@TEL, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 182.
* Margaron (Anodonta) napoensis LA, Syn., 1870, p. 80.
River Napo, Ecuador.
+GLABARIS TORTILIS Lea.
* Anodonta tortilis Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X,1852, p. 291, pl. xxviny, fig. 54; *Obs.,
V, 1852, p. 47, pl. xxvul, fig. 54.—*H.and A. ADAms, Gen. Ree. Moll., II,
1857, p. 503.—* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 166, pl. Lv, figs. 7, 8.—
*P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 185.
* Margaron (Anodonta) tortilis LEA, Syn., 1852, p.47; 1870, p. 75.
* dnodon tortilis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1870, pl. xxxvil, fig. 154.
Cartagena, Colombia.
+GLABARIS LUTEOLUS Lea.
* Anodonta luteola La, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Il, 1858, p. 118; Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 267, pl. x11, fig. 147; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 85, pl. XLII, fig.
147. es CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 12 Dp al XXXVUI, figs. 1, 2.—* B. Jel,
WriGuHt, Check List, 1888.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., ILI, 1890, p. 181.
* Margaron (Gneannin) luteola Lua, Syn., 1870, p. 83."
* Anodon luteolus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. Xxx111, fig. 132.
Isthmus of Darien; Nicaragua: Costa Rica.
+ GLABARIS SCHOMBURGIANUS Sowerby.
* Anodon schomburgianus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxxrv, fig. 137.
* Anodonta schomburgkiana CLESSIN, Conch.Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 235,pl. LXXvil, fig4.
British Guiana.
+GLABARIS STREBELII Lea.
* Anodonta strebelii LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XX, 1868, p. 150; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VII, 1868, p. 322, pl. Lu, fig. 135; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 82, pl. Lu, fig.
135.—*CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 138, pl. xLu, figs. 5, 6.—* B. H.
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 185.
* Margaron (Anodonta) strebelti LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 79.
Mexico.
tGLABARIS CYLINDRACEUS Lea.
* Margarita (Anodonta) cylindracea, LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 54; 1838, p. 32.
* Anodonta cylindracea Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 45, pl. xm, fig. 40;
*Obs., II, 1838, p. 45, pl. x1, fig. 40.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., V, 1839,
Pt. 2, p. 238.—* Han ey, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 223; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 223.—
*ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen.
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.—* CLEssin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 161, pl.
Liu, figs. 5, 6.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PasTEL, Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 178.—* FiscuER and Crosse, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p 528.
* Anodon cylindracea CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 66.—* SOWERBY,
Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. xxtv, fig. 93
* Margaron (Anodonta) cylindracea LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 51; 1870, p. 82.
Medellin River, Mexico.
;
4
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 921
+GLABARIS PUELCHANUS dOrbigny.
* Anodonta puelchana D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 40; Voy. Am. Mer., 1843,
\ p. 620, pl. Lxx1x, figs. 7-9.—* CHENU, Il]. Conch., 1858, pl. III, figs. 7, 7a.—
*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p.503.—* STROBEL, Mal. Argent.,
1874.—* CLEssiIn, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 130, pl. x11, figs. 5, 6.—* PaTEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 183.
* Margaron (Anodonta) puelchana LEA, Syn., 1852, p.51; 1870, p. 81.
*dnodonta obtusula Hur, Moll. Nouv., III, 1857, p. 87, pl. xv, fig. 3.—*CLEssIN,
Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 214, pl. Lx v1, fig. 2.—*PamTEL,.Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890,
p. 182.
= Anodon obtusula SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1868, pl. Xx, fig. 81.
* Margaron (Anodonta) obtusula La, Syn., 1870, p. 79.
* Glabaris obtusula VON IHERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1895, p. 119.
Patagonia, north to the Amazon; west to Bolivia.
+GLABARIS LIMNOICUS d’Orbigny.
* Anodonta limnoica, D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 40.—*HANLEY, Test. Moll.,
1842, p. 218.—*pD’ORBIGNY, Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p.619, pl. LXXIX, figs. 1-3.—
*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.502.—*CLEssin, Conch. Cab.
Ano., 1874, p. 129, pl. x1, figs. 3, 4.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 181.
*4Anodon limnoica CATLOW and REEVE,Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67.
* Margarita (Anodonta) limnoica Lx, Syn., 1838, p. 30.
* Margaron (Anodonta) limnoica Lea, Syn., 1852, p.50; 1870, p. 79.
* Anodonta lymnoica CHENU. Il]. Conch., 1858, pl. 111, figs. 1, la, 10.
Argentina.
GLABARIS LUCIDUS d’Orbigny. '
* Anodonta lucida D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 40; ~ Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p. 620,
pl. . LX XIX, fig. 4-6.—* CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, pl. 111, figs. 6, 6a, 6b.—* H. and
A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.—* Ciussin, Conch. Cab. Ano, 1875,
p. 208, pl. Lx1x, figs. 4, 5.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 181.
*Margaron (Anodonta) lucida LEa, Syn., 1852, p. 51; 1870, p. 82.
Uruguay.
GLABARIS INCARUM Philippi.
* Anodonta incarum PHILIPPI, Mal. Bl., XVI, 1869, p. 40.—* PFEIFFER, Nov. Conch.,
III, 1869, p. 488, pl. cv., figs. 9-11.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 180.2
Peru.
+GLABARIS HOLTONIS Lea.
*Anodonta holtonis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p. 85; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,
TM AShSi- Epa! 6.- ply ecxexm hos ol Obs Vil W84ies peo, ply XX, tis.
31.—* CuEssIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 149, pl. L., figs. 5, 6.—*B. H.
WriGut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 180.
*Anodon holtonis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. Xx xv1, fig. 147.
*Margaron (Anodonta) holtonis La, Syn., 1870, p. 79.
Colombia.
1Tt is not unlikely that this and the two preceding species are variations of one
thing.
2Probably a form of G. puelchanus d’Orbigny.
9272, . PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXL
(Group of Glabaris inequivalvis.)
Shell elliptical, moderately solid and inflated, with a low posterior
ridge, slightly produced behind near the base and truncated above the
posterior slope; beaks full, smooth; ligament imbedded in a sort of
groove which extends to the anterior point of the shell; epidermis
slightly roughened, often clothlike and showing the rest. periods, having
faint radiating lines; nacre bluish, soft, but not brilliant.
Animal unknown.
t+GLABARIS INA®QUIVALVIS Lea.
* Anodonta inequivalvis LA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p.95; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1868, p. 292, pl. x11, fig. 108; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 52, pl. xii,
fig. 108.—* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 137, pl. XLIVv, figs. 7,8.—* B. H.
WriGut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Anodonta) inequivalvis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 83.
*+ Anodonta lenticularis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p.95; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1868, p. 290, pl. x11, fig. 102; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 50, pl. x11, fig.
102.—* CLEssIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 134, pl. xxi, figs. 5, 6.—*B. H.
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 181.
* Margaron (Anodonta) lenticularis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 81.
* Anodon glabrus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxv, fig. 97.
* Anodon montezianus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxxv1, fig. 145.
* Anodonta viridana CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 226, pl. Lxxy, fig. 5.—
*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 186.—* FIscHER and CROssE, Miss. Sci.
Pt. 7, 11, 1894, p. 521.
Lake Nicaragua; Mexico.
tGLABARIS GRANADENSIS Lea.
* Anodonta granadensis Lm, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 96; * Ji. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., VI, 1868, p. 288, pl. xxi, fig. 100; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 48, pl. x11, fig.
100.—* CLEssIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 134, pl. xxiv, figs. 3, 4.—*B. H.
WriGut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 180.
*Margaron (Anodonta) granadensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 81.
Lake Nicaragua, Central America.
+GLABARIS TRAUTWINIANUS Lea.
* Anodonta trautwiniana Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 287, pl. xxv1, fig. 48;
*Obs., V, 1852, p. 43, pl. xxv1, fig. 48.
* Margaron (Anodonta) trautwiniana LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 81.
* Anodon trautwinianus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1870, pl. xxx1tl, fig. 134.
* Margaron (Anodonta) troutwiniana LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 51.
* Anodonia troutwiniana H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.—
*CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 112, pl. xxxvi, figs. 1, 2.—* Pamrs.,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 186.
*? Anodon ovatus SWAINSON, Ex. Conch., 1841, pl. xx xvi.
? Anodonta carthagena - , Who? Where?
Cartagena, Colombia,
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 923
‘GLABARIS MONTEZUMA Lea.!
*Anodonta montezuma LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., II, 1841, p. 31; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.,
1842, p. 240, pl. xxi, fig. 55; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 78, pl. xxi, fig. 55.—* H. and
A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 504. —* CLEssin, Conch. Cab. Ano.,
1876, p. 220, pl. LX Xu, figs. 7, 8.—* B. H. Wrient, Check List, 1888.—* Px Tet,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 182.
* Margaron (Anodonta) montezuma LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 51; 1870, p. 82.
Central America.
(Group of Glabaris trapesialis.)
Shell large, inflated, elliptical, narrower in front, with full, rather
prominent beaks, a slight wing on the post dorsal part, and sometimes
a small one in front of the beaks; epidermis smooth, generally uniform
olive green; hinge line straight or slightly sinuous; escutcheon large
and conspicuous; nacre bluish silvery, sometimes marked with parallel,
wavy, dark lines.
Animal with the marsupium filling the inner branchi; gills large,
inner the larger; palpi very large, reniform; mantle thin, with a wide,
thickened edge; branchial opening small, plicate, but not crenulate or
papillose; anal opening large, smooth, separated from the branchial by
a strong bridge.
1GLABARIS TRAPESIALIS Lamarck.
* Anodonta trapesialis LAMARCK, An. sans. Vert., VI, 1819, p. 87.
*Tridina trapesialis DDORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 432.
* Glabaris trapesialis PiusBy, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1896, p. 563.
* Anodonta trapezialis BLAINVILLE, Man. de Mal. et Conch., 1825, p. 538, fig. 1.—
*DESHAYES, Enc. Meth., II, 1827, p. 147, pl. ccv, fig. 1.—* Wyatt, Man.
Conch., 1838, p. 68, pl. x1, fig. 3.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 220; * Biv.
Shells, 1843, p. 220.—* KustEer, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 31, pl. vu, fig. 4.—
*H. and A. ApAmMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 504.—* CLessin, Conch Cab.
Ano., 1876, p. 235, pl. LXxvui, fig. 5.
* Anodon trapezialis CRoucH, Ill. Int. Lam., 1827, p. 16, pl. 1x, fig. 7.—* CaTLow
and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 68.
* Margarita (Anodonta) trapezialis Lea, Syn., 1836, p.53; 1838, p. 31.
* Margaron (Anodonta) trapezialis LEA, Syn., 1852, p.52; 1870, p. 82.
* Columba trapezialis PastEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 188.
* Anodon giganteus SP1x (part), Test. Fluv. Bras., 1827, p. 27, pl. x1x, fig. 2.
* Anodon gigantea SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. vit, fig. 18.
* Anodonta gigantea VON MARTENS, Mal. B1., XV, 1868, p. 196.
* Columba gigantea Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 188.
*? Anodon penicillatus GRray,® Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1834, p.57.—* MOLLER, Syn.
Noy. Gen., 1836, p. 195.
1T have never seen this shell, and can not be positive from the figure and descrip-
tion whether it is a Glabaris or an Anodonta. I incline to think it the former, and
that it belongs in this group.
2—= Anodontites trapesialis Lamarck according to d’Orbigny in above, but in Voy.
Am. Mer. he says it is not that.
3T have never seen this shell. Dr. Lea believes it to = trapesialis Lamarck.
924 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
*Anodonta penicillata H. and A. ADAMS, Gram, Rec. Moll., Tl, 1857, p. 503.—
*PMHTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 183.
* Anodon susanne GRAY in Griffith, Cuyv., XII, 1834, pl. xxrv, fig. 1.'\—* SowERBY,
Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. 1x, fig. 21.
* Anodonta susannew Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 185.
*t Anodon ciconia GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., IV, 1851, p. 92.2—*?GouLp
and CARPENTER, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, p. 202.—* Orta, Conch., 1862, ).
213.—* PH@TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 177.—*? FiscuER and CRossE,
Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 534, pl. Lx vin, figs. 2, 2a.
*Anodon blainvilleana SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. v1, fig. 2
+GLABARIS TRAPESIALIS var. ANSERINUS Spix.3
* Anodon anserinus SPIX, Test.F luv. Bras., 1827, p.29, pl. x vu, figs.1,2.—*SOWERBY,
Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xx x1, fig. 125.
* Anodon anserinad CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 66.
* Margarita (Anodonta) anserina LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 31.
* Anodonta anserina HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 222; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 222.—
*H.and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 504.—*CHENU, Man., 1859, II,
p. 146.—* CLEssin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 80, pl. xx, fig. 1.—* Pa Txt,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 176.
*Margaron (Anodonta) anserina Lia, Syn., 1852, p.52; 1870, p. 83.
+GLABARIS TRAPESIALIS var. EXOTICUS Lamarck.
* Anodonta exoticus LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819,p. 87.—* Srark, Nat. Hist., II,
1828, p. 89.—* DELESSERT, Rec. Coq. Lam.,1841, pl. x111, fig. 1.—*HANLEY, Test.
Moll., 1842, p. 217; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 217.—*p’ORBIGNy, Voy, Am. Mer.,
1843, p. 621.—*CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, pl. m1, fig. 2.—* von MARTENS,
Mal. Bl., XV, 1868, p. 197.—*STROBEL, Mat. Mal., Pt. 1, 1874, p. 66.—*CLESSIN,
Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 178, pl. Lvmm, figs. 1, 2.
*Anadon exotica CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 66._
*Columba exotica P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 188.
t GLABARIS TRAPESIALIS var. SCRIPTUS Sowerby.
*Anodon scriptus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. Iv, fig. 9.+
* Anodon subsinuatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. vu, fig. 14.
1 This is briefly described in the index, p. 595, as Anodon susanne. In the text the
genus is called Anodontites.
2Two specimens of this, a large and a smaller one, are in the Gould collection.
Lea places the species in the synonymy of G. trapesialis Lamarck., to which Lewis
objects in a note on the back of Gould’s label on account of its locality—Mexico.
After carefully comparing these shells with all our trapesialis in the Museum col-
lections I am unable to separate the two. Carpenter states (Mazatlan Shells, p. 117)
that it is found rather plentifully at Mazatlan. I do not believe that the locality
given for Gould’s shells is correct (it is referred to Mexico with doubt by its author),
and have no doubt that they are from South America. The species alluded to by
Carpenter is probably G. glauca Valenciennes, which is closely related to G. trapesialis.
3 Glabaris trapesialis is a very abundant, widely distributed species, and shows a
great number of variations. Some of these are probably worthy of varietal names,
others seem to be so mixed with various forms that they are scarcely worthy of any
designation.
‘A brownish, somewhat elongated form, much narrowed in front, receiving its
name from having dark purplish letter-like marks on the nacre. There is every pos-
sible development of this character from shells in which it is a marked feature to
those without it at all.
4
:
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 925
* Anodon subsinuatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. v1, fig. 15.
* Anodon areolatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. x, fig. 28.
* Anodonta bahiensis KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 94, pl. Xx, fig. 2.—*P TEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 176.
*Glabaris bahiensis VON IHERING, Arch. fiir Naturg., 1895, p. 115.
GLABARIS TRAPESIALIS var. MORETONIANUS Sowerby.
* Anodon moretonianus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. 1x, fig. 20.
tGLABARIS TRAPESIALIS var. RIOPLATENSIS Sowerby.
* Anodon rioplatensis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1870, pl. xxVv1, fig. 101.
* Anodonta rioplatensis CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 217, pl. Lxiv, fig. 3.—
*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 184.
*? Anodon ciconia SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1870, pl. X XIX, fig. 115 a.
+GLABARIS TRAPESIALIS var. CYGNAEFORMIS Pilsbry.
*Glabaris trapesialis var. cygneformis PILSBRY, Pr.Ac. N. Sei. Phila., 1896, p. 563,
pl. xxv1, fig. 4, 5.
Tropical South America from Brazil and Peru southward.
t GLABARIS RADIATUS Spix.!
* Anodon radiatus SP1x, Test. Fluv. Bras., 1827, p. 31, pl. xx111, fig. 1.
* Margaron (Anodonta) radiatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 83.
* Margarita (Anodonta) radiata LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 51.
* Anodon radiata CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67.
* Glabaris radiata VON IHERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1893, p. 115.
Brazil.
tGLABARIS SIMPSONIANUS Pilsbry.
* Glabaris simpsonianus PiLsBRy, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1896, p. 564, pl. xxvil,
fig. 13.
Rio de la Plata.
GLABARIS HERTWIGII von Ihering.
* Anodonta hertwigit VON IHERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1890, p. 150, pl. rx, fig. 7.
+GLABARIS SINUOSUS Lamarck.
* Anodonta sinuosa LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 87.—* DESHAYEsS, Enc.
Meth., II, 1827, p. 147, pl. ccim, fig. 2.—* HanLEy, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 224;
* Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 224, Pt. 24, fig. 16.—*H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II,
1857, p. 503.—* PasTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 184.
* Margarita (Anodonta) sinuosa Lea, Syn., 1836, p.54; 1838, p. 32.
* Anodon sinuosa CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 68.
* Margaron (Anodonta) sinuosa LEA, Syn., 1852, p.53; 1870, p. 83.
* Anodon sinuosus SWAINSON, Ex. Conch., 2d ed., 1841, p. 29, pl. Xv1.
Brazil.
1The specimen figured is a young shell, somewhat narrowed at the posterior end,
and quite full at the central base, with broad, faint rays. It may be only a variety
of trapesialis.
926 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
—
GLABARIS GRIJALVZ Morelet.
* Anodonta grijalve MORELET, Jl. de Conch., XXXT, 1884, p.12.—* P&TEL,Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 180.—* FiscuEr and Crosse, Miss. Sei., Pt. 7, II, 1894,
p. 532, pl. LxIx, figs. 1, la. ‘i
* Anodonta grijoloe PmTEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 180.!
Tabasco, Mexico.
+GLABARIS GLAUCUS Valenciennes.
* 4{nodonta glauca VALENCIENNES, Rec. Obs. Zool., II, 1833, p. 236, pl. 1, fig. 2.—
*Fprussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25.—* DrsHAyEs, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI,
1835, p. 569; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 679.—* DELESSERT, Rec. Coq. Lam., 1841, pl.
xu, fig. 3.—* HanLey, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 221; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 221.—
* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phiia., VI, 1853, p. 264.—* H. and A. ADams, Gen.
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502.—* CLessin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 222, pl. LXXMI
fig. 1.—* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1590,
p- 180.—* FiscuEer and Crossp, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, If, 1894, p. 533, pl. LXIXx, figs.
1,la.
* Margarita (Anodonta) glauca LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 51; 1858, p. 30.
* Anodon glauca CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67.—* GOULD, Pr. Bost.
Soc. N. Hist., III, 1850, p. 293.
* Margaron (Anodonta) glauca Lra, Syn., 1852, p.50; 1870, p. 80.
*Monocondylwa glauca H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 501.—
*P ere, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 174.
* Anodon glaucus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxvit, fig. 105.
*% Anodonta ciconia GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. Hist. 1V, 1851, p. 92.—CARPENTER,
Maz. Shells, 1857, p. 117.—*? FiscHER and Crosss, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894,
p. 534, pl. Lx vu, figs. 2, 2a.
* Anodonta burroughiana CHENU (part), Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. ur.
GLABARIS GLAUCUS var. SINALOENSIS Crosse and Fischer.
* Anodonta glauca VALENCIENNES, var. sinaloenses CROSSE and FISCHER, JI. de
Conch., XXXI, 1883, p. 219.
Mexico, south to Peru and Brazil.
GLABARIS UMBONATUS Simpson.
Anodon ciconia SOwWERBY (part), Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxx, fig. 115b.?
Locality unknown.
+GLABARIS BRIDGESII Lea.
* Anodonta bridgesii Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 95; *J1. Ac. N. Sei.
Phila., VI, 1868, p. 291, pl. xuu, fig. 104; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 51, pl. XL,
\'The above atrocity, which is a sample of many names in Petel, is no doubt
intended for G. grijalva.
2 Sowerby gives two figures of what he calls ciconia, 115a being most likely a young
shell of some form of trapesialis, the other a totally different form, apparently a new
species of Glabaris of the trapesialis group. As far as the figure shows it may be
described as follows: Shell subquadrate with nearly straight dorsal and basal lines,
biangulate behind, greatly inflated, with very full, high beaks which rise far above
the dorsal line, winged and angulated at the front and hinder dorsal line; color
olive-green. Length, 147mm.; height, 92 mm.; elevation of beaks above dorsal line,
10 mm.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 927
‘fig. 104.—* CLEssIn, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 136, pl. XLv, figs. 1, 2.—* B. H.
WriGuHt, Check List, 1888.—* Pmrrn, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 177.
* Margaron (Anodonta) bridgesii Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 81.
Nicaragua; Honduras.
+GLABARIS JEWITTIANUS Lea.
* Anodonta jewittiana LEa, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 95.
*Anodonta jewittii Lka, JI. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1869, p. 289, pl. xut, fig. 101;
*Obs., XII, 1869, p. 49, pl. x11, fig. 101.—* CLEssIn, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p.
135, pl. xxtv, figs. 1,2.—*B. H. Wrient, Check List, 1888.—* Pret, Conch.
Sam., III, 1890, p. 180.
~ Margaron (Anodonta) jewittii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 81.
Lake Nicaragua.
+GLABARIS FORBESIANUS Lea.
* Anodonta forbesiana Lna, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p.92; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., V, 1863, p. 393, pl. xLvu, fig. 301; *Obs., X, 1863, p. 29, pl. XLVQ, fig.
301.—* CLessin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 115, pl. xxxTv, figs. 1, 2.—* PATEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 179.
* Anodon forbesianus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1870, pl. xxx, fig. 119.
* Margaron (Anodon‘a) forbesiana LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 81.
Uruguay; Peru.
+GLABARIS MORICANDII Lea.
* Anodonta moricandii LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p.90; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., V, 1863, p. 396, pl. xurx, fig. 303; Obs., X, 1863, p. 32, pl. x1LIx, fig.
303.—* CLESsIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 114, pl: xxxvii, figs. 3, 4.—
*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 182.
* Anodon moricandii SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. Xxx, fig. 126.
* Margaron (Anodonta) moricandii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 81.
* Glabaris moricandii VON IHERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1893, p. 115.
*? Anodonta exotica SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. xv1, fig. 57.
* Anodonta angustata CLESSIN,! Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 226, pl. LXXxIv, figs. 6, 7.—
*P#TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 176.
Brazil.
(Group of Glabaris georgine.)
Shell subsolid, obovate, with a decided, curved posterior ridge, and a
smaller one above it, the space between the ridges a shallow groove.
GLABARIS GEORGIN Griffith.
* Anodonta georgine GRIFFITH, Griff. Cuvier, XII, 1834, pl. x1x. Brief description
in index.
Rivers of Paraguay.
(Group of Glabaris trigonus.)
Shell long, elliptical, solid, inflated, produced at posterior base with
smooth, shining epidermis; nacre very bright.
1 Appears to be a very young G. moricandii.
928 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
+GLABARIS TRIGONUS Spix.
* Anodon trigonus SPIx, Test. Fluv. Bras., 1827, p. 29, pl. x x11, fig. 2.
* Margarita (Anodonta) trigona Lma, Syn., 1836, p. 51; 1838, p. 30.
* Anodon trigona CaTLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 68.
* Anodonta trigona HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 218.—*pD’ORBIGNY, Voy. Am.
Mer., 1843, p. 618.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 9, pl. 1, fig. 5.—*H. .
and A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.—* PareEL, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 186.
* Margaron (Anodonta) trigona LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 50; 1870, p. 75.
* dnodon chiquetana D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 41.
* Anodonta chiquetana PEHTEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 177.
* 4nodonta castelnandi Hurk, Moll. Nouv., III, 1857, p. 88, pl. xv1tt, fig.4.—* PATEL, —
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 177.
* dnodonta subrostrata PHitteri, Mal. Bl., XVI, 1869, p. 39.—* PFEIFFER. Nov.
Conch., III, 1869, p. 486, pl. cv, figs. 1-3.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890,
p. 185.
*4Anodonta ucayalensis Puitiepi, Mal. Bl., XVI, 1869, p. 40.--* PFEIFFER, Novy.
Conch., III, 1869, p. 486, pl. cv, figs. 4-6.—-* Pa@TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,
p. 186.
Brazil; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia.
+GLABARIS AMAZONENSIS Lea.
* Anodonta amazonensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p.89; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci.
Phila., V, 1863, p. 395, pl. xLv1, fig. 300; *Obs., X, 1863, p. 31, pl. XLVI, fig.
300.—* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 119, pl. xxxvil, fig. 7.—* P&TEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 176.
* Anodon amazonensis SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1870, pl. xxx, fig. 120.
*Margaron (Anodonta) amazonensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 82.
Amazon.
GLABARIS WEDDELLII Hupe.
* Anodonta weddelliti Hupe, Moll. Nouy., III, 1857, p.87, pl. xvii, fig. 5.—*CLESSIN,
Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 214, pl. Lxvi, fig. 1.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 186.
* Anodon weddellii SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1868, pl. xx, fig. 80.
*Margaron (Anodonta) weddellit LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 79.
Brazil.
+GLABARIS ELONGATUS Swainson.
*Anodon elongatus SWAINSON, Zool. l11., Ist Ser., II, pl. chxxvi, 1823.
* Margarita (Anodonta) elongata LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 53; 1858, p. 32.
* Anodonta elongata HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 223; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p.
223.—*H. and A. ApAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.
* Anodon elongata CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 66.
* Anodonta solidula DEVILLE and Hupr, Rev. et Mag. Zool., 1850, p. 644, pl. XVI,
fig. 2.—*Hupr, Moll. Nouvy., III, 1857, p. 88, pl. xvii, fig. 2.—*H. and A.
ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.—CLrssi1n, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p.
291, pl. LXxuI, fig. 2.—* Pa: TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 185.
* Margaron (Anodonta) solidula LEA, Syn., 1852, p.53; 1870, p. 88.
* Anodon solidula SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1869, pl. x x11, fig. 91.
t* Anodonta wheatleyi Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 287, pl. xxvi, fig. 49;
*Obs., V, 1852, p. 48, pl. xx v1, fig. 49.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II,
1857, p.503.—* CLEssSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 113, pl. XxxvVI, figs. 3, 4.—
*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 186.
* Margaron (Anodonta) wheatleyi LEA, Syn., 1852, p.51; 1870, p. 82.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 929
* Anodon amethystus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. xxrv, figs. 95, 95a, 95b.!
* Anodonta amethysta CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 180, pl. Lx, fig. 3.
* Anodon dactylus SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. x1x, fig. 75.
’ * Anodonta dactylus CLESSIN, Conch. Cab., 1875, p. 175, pl. Lvu, fig. 3.—P TEL,
Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 178.
Margaron (Anodonta) dactylus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 80.
GLABARIS LINGULATUS Hupe.
* Anodonta lingulata Hupn, Moll. Nouv., III, 1857, p. 89.—* CLessin, Conch. Cab.
Ano., 1875, p. 215, pl. Lx v1, ig. 3.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 181.
* Anodon lingulata SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. x x11, fig. 90.
* Margaron (Anodonta) lingulata Lra, Syn., 1870, p. 79.
* Glabaris lingulata VON IHERING, Arch. fiir Nat.,1893, p. 119.
Paraguay.
t{GLABARIS MORTONIANUS Lea.
* Anodonta mortoniana LEA,Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V,1834, p. 80,pl. x11, fig. 37; *Obs., I,
1834, p. 192, pl. x1, fig. 37.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.219.—*H. and A.
ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502.—* CLessin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874,
p. 151, pl. xiv, figs. 5, 6.—* Pa Tex, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 182.
* Margarita (Anodonta) mortoniana LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 30.
= Anodon mortoniana CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67.
* Margaron (Anodonta) mortoniana LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 150; 1800, p. 80.
Parana River, South America.
GLABARIS LONGINUS Spix.
* Anodon longinus SPix, Test. Fluy. Bras, 1827, p. 29, pl. xx, fig 1.
* Mycetopus longinus CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 202.—* FiscHmER, J]. de
Conch., XXX VIII, 1890, p. 8.
* Tridina longina LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 57.
* Anodonta longina KusTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 7, pl. 1, fig. 1.—* Parr,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 181.
Brazil; Amazon.
GLABARIS LEOTANDI Guppy.’
* Anodonta leotandi Guppy, Ann. and Mag., XIV, 1864, p. 243;* XVII, 1866, p.54;
Pr. Sci. Assn. Trinidad, 1872, p. —; “Jl. Conch., VII, 1894, p. 229.
«Anodonta leotandi B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.
* Margaron (Anodonta) leotandi La, Syn., 1870, p. 83.
Trinidad Island, West Indies.
Section STYGANODON von Martens, 1900,
(Type, Anodonta tenebricosa Lea. )
Shell subrhomboid, with a thick, dark, rather rough, sombre-colored
epidermis, which is sometimes faintly rayed, nacre lurid, shaded green;
animal unknown.
(Group of Glabaris tenebricosus.)
Shell elongate, slightly inflated; base incurved.
1 Changed to wheatleyi Lea, by Sowerby in index.
21 am not certain where this groups, as I have never seen the sheil, and it has not
been figured.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii
o9
930 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
+GLABARIS TENEBRICOSUS Lea.
* Anodonta tenebricosa Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 78, pl. xu, fig. 36;
“Obs., I, 1834, p. 190, pl. x11, fig. 36.—* D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 39.—
* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 224.—* p’ORBIGNY, Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p.616.—
“Hanley, Biv. Shells, 1856, p. 224.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II,
1857, p.503.—* CHENU, Man., 1859, p. 146, fig. 720.—* vON MARTENS, Mal. BL.,
XV, 1868, p. 200.—* Pa TeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 185.
* Margarita (Anodonta) tenebricosa LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 54; 1838, p. 32.
= Anodon tenebricosa CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 68.—* SowERBY,
Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. x11, fig. 43.
* Margaron (Anodonta) tenebricosa LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 53; 1870, p. 83.
* Glabaris tenebricosa VON JHERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1893, p. 61.
* Anodon tenebricosus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. Xxx1, fig. 123.
Brazil, Ecuador, Peru; south to Argentina.
GLABARIS PASTASANUS Clessin.
* Anodonta pastasana CLESSIN, Mal. BI. (2), I, 1879, p. 173, pl. x1, fig. 1.
Rio Pastasa, Ecuador.'
+GLABARIS SOLENIFORMIS d’Orbigny.
* Anodonta soleniformis D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p.41; * Voy. Am. Mer., 1843,
p. 617, pl. Lxxiv, figs. 1,3.—* H. and A. ApAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.
503.—* CLEssIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 111, pl. xxvu, fig. 1.—* PHTEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 185.
*Margarita (Anodonta) soleniformis LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 32.
*Margaron (Anodonta) soleniformis LEA, Syn., 1852, p.53; 1870, p. 83.
*Glabaris soleniformis VON IHERING, Arch. fiir. Nat., 1893, p. 59.
* Anodon solenidea SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. x vu, fig. 65.
*Margaron (Anodonta) solenidea LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 83.
Brazil, south into Argentina.
+ GLABARIS CLESSINI Fischer.
* Mycetopus plicatus CLESSIN, Mal. Bl., V, 1882, p. 190, pl. 1v, fig. 7.
* P#TeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 187.
* Mycetopus clessini, FISCHER,? Jl. de Conch., XXXVIII, 1890, p. 8, foutuote.
* Glabaris nehringi VON IHERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1893, p. 60.
Southern Brazil; southward into Argentina.
GLABARIS BAMBOUSEARUM Morelet.
* Anodon bambousearum MORELEY, Test. Nov., II, 1851, p. 24.—* FiscHER and
CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 527, pl. LXI11, figs. 6, 6a.
- Palenque in Chiapas, Mexico.
! Probably only a variety of tenebricosus.
2 Fischer changed the name plicatus to clessini because the former name had been
used by Sowerby for a species which he (Sowerby) placed in Mycetopus. Sowerby’s
shell is a Mutela, and that of Clessin a Glabaris of the Tenebricosus group. Von
Ihering applied the name nehringi to the above after Fischer had changed it, and
was evidently not aware that the French savant had given it a new name.
No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 931
+GLABARIS SCHROTERIANUS Lea.
* Anodonta schréteriana LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., XI, 1852, p. 292, pl. xxix, fig. 553
*Obs., V, 1852, p. 48, pl. XXxIX, fig.55.—* HuPk, Moll. Nouv., III, 1857, p. 89, pl.
XV, fig. 3.—* H.and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll, II, 1857, p.503.—* CLEssin,
Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 151, pl. XLVU, figs. 5, 6.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI,
1890, p. 184.
* Margaron (Anodonta) schréteriana LEA, Syn., 1852, p.51; 1870, p. 82.
* Anodon schriteriana SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1868, pl. xx, fig. 74.
* Margaritana schréteriana P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 173.
Amazon drainage.
(Group of Glabaris obtusus.)
Shell short, inflated, thin, feebly rayed, rays often broken; base rather
full.
+GLABARIS OBTUSUS Spix.
* Anodon obtusus Sprx, Test. Fluv. Bras., 1827, p. 30, pl. xx, fig. 3.
* Margarita (Anodonta) obtusa LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 52; 1838, p. 31.
* Anodonta obtusa HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 221; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 221.—
*PoTirzZ and MICHAUD, Gall. Moll., 1844, p. 144, pl. Lv, fig. 3.—* KustrEr,
Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 8, pl. 1, figs. 3, 4.—*H.and A. ApAMs, Gen. Rec.
Moll., II, 1857, p. 504.—* MusGrave, Phot. Conch., 1863, pl. 1, fig. 7.—* CLEs-
stn, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 170, pl. Lv1, figs. 1, 2.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam.,
ILI, 1890, p. 182.
* Margaron (Anodonta) obtusa LEA, Syn., 1852, p.51; 1870, p. 82.
* Anodon obtusa CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67.—* SOWERBY,
Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. x11, fig. 39.
* Anodonta VALENCIENNES, Coq. Mar. Biv., 18272, pl. xLv1i1, figs. 3a, 30.!
Brazil; Paraguay.
+GLABARIS LITURATUS Spix.
* Anodon obtusus vat. b. lituratum Spix, Test. Fluv. Bras., 1827, p. 30, pl. XXII, fig. 4.
* Anodonta litturata Hur®, Moll. Nouv., 1857, p. 87, pl. xvu, fig. 4.°
* Anodon liturata SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1868, pl. Xx, fig. 78.
Brazil.
Section VIRGULA Simpson, 1900.
(Type, Glabaris ensiformis Spix.)
Shell subsolid to solid, moderately inflated, greatly elongated, straight
or faleate, rounded in front, sharply pointed at the posterior base,
where the high, sharply defined posterior ridge ends and above which
it is somewhat obliquely truncated; beaks not high; epidermis green
to olive; nacre brilliant, bluish or purplish, iridescent, rayed with very
fine, indistinct ridges; posterior end with a slight sinus.
Animal unknown.
‘Valenciennes gives no name or description with the above, but the figure is, no
doubt, G. obtusa.
2Hupe is certain that this is different from obtusus, and says that the small angular
marks on its surface are very distinct; that it is thinner and less inflated. I doubt
whether it is more than a variety of obtusus.
932 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
+t GLABARIS ENSIFORMIS Spix.
* Anodon ensiformis Spix, Test. Fluv. Bras., 1827, p. 31, pl. xx1v, figs. 1, 2.—
*CaTLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 66.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon.,
XVII, 1867, pl. x1, fig. 31.
* Tridina ensiformis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 57.
* Anodonta ensiformis HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 223; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p.
223.—* D’ORBIGNY, Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p. 618, pl. LX xx, fig. 10.—* Kus-
TER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 8, pl. 1, fig. 12.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree.
Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.—*? CHENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 146, fig. 721.—* PaTEL,
Conch. Sam., Lil, 1890, p. 179.
* Margarita (Anodonta) ensiformis LHA, Syn., 1838, p. 32.
* Margaron (Anodonta) ensiformis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 51; 1870, p. 82.
Tropical South America.!
+t GLABARIS FALSUS Simpson.?
Yuruari River, a branch of the Orinoco.
+GLABARIS LEGUMEN von Martens.
* Anodonta legumen VON MARTENS, S. B, Nat. Fr., 1888, p. 65. ’
Southern Brazil.
The following are unfigured or indeterminate species of Glabaris.
*Anodon brevis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. Xxx1, fig. 124.
La Plata, South America.’
* Anodon porcifer GRAY, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1834, p. 58.
Paraguay.
*Unio (Anodontes) spixii D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 39.4
Brazil.
* Anodon cheeziana SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. xv, fig. 52.
Probably a Glabaris.
* Anodonta nicaragua PuiLirPl, Zeits. fiir Mal., V, 1848, p. 130.
Nicaragua.
‘The three very peculiar species of this section seem to show relationship with G.
wheatleyt and G. clessini.
2 Shell elongated, rather thin, subrhomboid and pointed at the posterior base,
slightly rayed on the low, rounded posterior ridge; beaks low; epidermis olive
green, somewhat cloth-like; hinge line nearly straight; anterior scars deep;
escutcheon small, dark; nacre shaded bluish and greenish, lurid purplish in the
center, iridescent behind. Length, 76 mm.; height, 21 mm.; diameter, 11 mm.
This was supposed by Dr. Lea to be ensiformis and I thought it was that until a
more careful examination convinced me of its distinctness. It is a smaller, thinner,
more rhomboid sheil, and has a somewhat cloth-like epidermis, while that of ensi-
formis is smooth. I regret that I can not figure this species, and that I must describe
it in a footnote, but I only discovered that it was a distinct species as the Synopsis.
was about ready for the press.
3T can not tell what thisis. If itis a true Glabaris, it would be the type of a
group perhaps near G. tenebricosus.
+D’Orbigny refexs to figures in Spix, but his references are badly mixed up.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 933
* Anodonta aperta RAFINESQUE, Ati. J1., No. 4, 1852, p. 154,
Parana River, South America.
* Anodonta atrovireus PHILIPPI, Zeits. fiir Mal., V, 1848, p. 130.
* Anodonta carinata DUNKER, Mal. Bl.. V, 1858, p. 225.
Colombia.
* Anodonta cornea PHILIPPI, Zeits. fiir Mal., V, 1848, p. 180.
Nicaragua.
* Anodonta giullaint H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., I, 1857, p.502. Credited to
Recluz.
* Anodonta paphos RAFINESQUE, Ati. Jl. and Friend., 1832, p. 134.
Parana River.
* Anodon pictus SWAINSON, Ex. Conch., 2d ed., 1841, p. 39.
* Anodonta wallisi Mousson, Mal. BI., XVI, 1869, p. 188.
* Anodonta tehuantepecensis FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., 1894, p. 526.
Tehuantepec. Not yet figured.
* Anodonta hertwigi VON IHERING.
Where?
* Anodonta bergi VON IHERING.
Where?
Genus MYCETOPODA dQ Orbigny, 18385.!
(Type, Mycetopoda soleniformis VOrbigny. )
Mycetopoda D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., No. 62, 1835, p. 41.
Mycetopus D’ORBIGNY, Voy. Am. Mer., 1847, p. 600.
Shell thin, elongated, truncate above behind, with a low, posterior
ridge and rather flat, smooth or slightly concentrically wrinkled beaks;
epidermis smooth, shining, pale greenish-yellow or brownish, rayless;
hinge line long, straight, edentulous orshowing faint traces of denticles,
under a glass, beneath the nacre; nacre soft, bluish-white and irides-
cent; muscular impressions faint, irregular, the smaller anterior scar
above the larger one; beak cavities shallow.
Animal having very long gills, the inner much the larger, united to
the abdominal sac throughout their whole length; palpi large, round
below, projecting very slightly behind and attached along the whole
length of the straight upper border; mantle very thin, slightly thick-
ened at the edges; branchial opening closed below into a short papillose
Siphon, and separated from the nearly smooth anal opening by a strong
bridge; superanal opening not closed below; foot very long, developed
at the lower end into a sort of head or button.
‘So named by its author in the Guerin Magazine, but afterwards changed by him
to Mycetopus in the Voyage Amerique Meridionale. The genus has been made the
type of a separate family by Gill, and was so acknowledged by Pelseneer and. others,
but it does not seem to me to be separable from the Mutelidw. Certain shells under
favorable light show slight dentilations along the hinge line, which are, no doubt,
vestigial taxodont teeth common to the family; the labial palpi and anal bridge are
decidedly mutelid in character, and the great development of the foot is paralleled
in Solenaia, Lastena, and to some extent by Gonidea among the Unionidae.
934 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII.
(Group of Mycetopoda siliquosa.)
Beaks in front of the center of the shell; anterior end evenly rounded;
basal lines nearly straight; posterior ridge quite low. Animal with
the characters of the genus.
+MYCETOPODA SILIQUOSA Spix.
* 4nodon siliquosus Sp1x, Test. Fluv. Bras., 1827, p. 30, pl. XX1H, fig. 2.
* Mycetopoda siliquosus bD’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 41.
* Mycetopus siliquosus D’ORBIGNY, Voy.Am. Mer., 1843, p,601, pl.Lxvu.—* HANLEY,
Test. Moll.,1842,p.224; * Biv. Shells, 1843,p.224.—*CatTLow and REEv#,Conch.
Nom., 1845, p. 69.—*H. and A. ApAms, Gen, Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 505; 111,
pl. cxvinl, fig. 1.—* SowmrRBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. 1, fig. 2; m1, fig.
2a.—* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 200. pl. LXvul, figs. 2-4; LXIX, fig.
1.—*P#tTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 187.—* von IHERING, Arch. fiir Nat.,
1893, p. 56.
* Plativis (Mycetopus) siliquosus LEA, Syn., 1852, p.56; 1870, p. 90.
* Platiris (Iridina) siliquosa LEA, Syn., 1836, p.56; 1838, p. 34.
* Anodonta siliquosa KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 35, pl. VII, fig.3.
* Mycetopoda siliquosa CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. 1, figs. 2, 2a, 20, 2c.
Bolivia, Brazil; south into Argentina.
*MYCETOPODA OCCIDENTALIS Clessin.!
Mycetopoda Occidentalis CLEssIN, Mal. Bl. I, 1879, p. 174, pl. x1, figs. 2, 3.—
*PxTEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 187.—* FiscuEr, Jl. de Conch., XXXVIII,
1890, p.8.
Heuador.
; MYCETOPODA STAUDINGERI von Thering.?
* Mycetopus staudingeri VON IHERING, Arch. fiir Naturg., 1890, p. 131, figs. A, B.
Upper Amazon in Ecuador and Peru.
MYCETOPODA SUBSINUATA Sowerby.
* Mycetopus subsinuatus SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Iv, fig. 10.—* CLEs-
stn, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 205, pl. Lxvul, fig. 3.—* ParEL, Conch. Sam.,
III, 1890, p. 187.—* FiscHER, Jl. de Conch,, XX XVIII, 1890, p. 8.
Bogota; Colombia; Equador.
+MYCETOPODA PYGMZEA Spix.
* Anodon siliquosus var. b pygmeun Sprix, Test. Fluv. Bras., 1827, p. 30, pl. XXIII,
figs. 3, 4.
~ Mycetopus pygmeus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. 11, fig. 4. —* CLESSIN,
Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 205, pl. LXXx, fig. 3.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., 1890,
p. 197.—* FIscHER, Jl. de Conch., XX XVIII, 1890, p. 8.
* Platiris (Mycetopus) pygmeus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 90.
t Mycetopus weddellii Hurt, Moll. Nouvy., III, 1857, pl. xx, fig. 2.—* SOWERBY,
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. 11, fig. 5.—* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p.
1 Probably a wide variety of M. siliquosus.
2T have never seen this species, and the author only gives two rough interior out-
line figures, but its form is somuch like that of siliquosus that I somewhat doubt its
specific value.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 935
203, pl. LXvI, fig. 6.—* FiscHER, J]. de Conch., XX XVIII, 1890, p. 8.—* Px-
TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 187.
Brazil; northward to Nicaragua.
MYCETOPODA HUPEANA Clessin.
* Mycetopus pygmeus HuPE, Moll. Nouv., IIT, 1857, p. 98, pl. x1x, fig. 2.
* Mycetopus hupeanus CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 206, pl. LXV1, fig. 15.—
* FISCHER, Jl. de Conch., XXX VIII, 1890, p.8.
Brazil.
(Group of Mycetopoda ventricosa.)
Shell rather short and high, inequilateral subrhomboid with a strong
angle at the anterior upper point, cut away below in front, slightly
sinuous on the base, narrower behind, strongly truncate on posterior
slope; posterior ridge wide and lightly curved, hinge line curved.
Animal unknown.
tMYCETOPODA VENTRICOSA d’Orbigny.
* Mycetopoda ventricosa D’ORBIGNY, Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p. 602, pl. LX X11, figs. 1-3.—
*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 505.—* SowErby, Conch.
Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. 111, fig. 8.—* CLEssIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 202, pl.
LX1X, figs. 2, 3.—* FiscHER, Jl. de Conch., XXX VIII, 1890, p. 8.—* P&TEL,
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 187.
* Platiris (Mycetopus) ventricosus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 56; 1870, p. 90.
Bolivia.
(Group of Mycetopoda soleniformis.)
Shell large, rounded in front, but somewhat truncated on the lower
anterior part; base line evenly incurved; posterior ridge well devel-
oped, curved, truncate on posterior slope; beaks central.
Animal that of the genus.
t+MYCETOPODA SOLENIFORMIS d’Orbigny.
* Mycetopoda soleniformis D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 41.—*CnEnu, III.
Conch., 1858, pl. 1, figs. 1, la, 10.
* Platiris (Mycetopus) soleniformis LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 34; 1852, p. 56; 1870, p. 90.
* Mycetopus soleniformis REEVE, Conch. Syst., I, 1841, p. 125, pl. xc1v.—* HaNLEy,
Test. Moll., 1842, p. 224; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 224.—* p’ORBIGNY, Voy. Am.
Mer., 1843, p. 601, pl. Lxv1.'—* CaTLtow and RrEve, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.
69.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 505; III pl. cxvuu,
figs. 2a, 2b.—* CHENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 147, fig. 725.—* ReEve, Elements of
Conch., II, 1860, pl. xxxu, fig. 18la, 6.—*SowxrBy, Conch. Icon., XVI,.
1868, pl. 1, fig. 1.—* CLEssIn, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 201, pl. EXviil, fig. 1.—
“FISCHER, Jl. de Conch., XXX VIII, 1890, p. 7.—* Pa TEx, Conch. Sam., III,
1890, p. 187.
* Mycetopus solenoides SOWERBY, Conch. Man., 1839, fig. 151.
* Margaron (Anodonta) soleniformis La, Syn., 1852, p. 53.
* Platiris (Mycetopus) soleniformis Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 90.
Bolivia; Peru.
11843 was the date of issue of the last part of the voyage. The aasonhition of
Mycetopus in this work appeared earlier.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
It is not claimed that the following bibliography is complete or in
all respects accurate.
prefixed with an *.
Such titles as have been seen by the writer are
On account of its great length it has been thought
best to make considerable abbreviations.
Apami, G. B. Molluschi terrestre e flu-
viatili viventi nella valle dell’ Oglio
ossia nelle valli Camonica di Scalve
di Borlezza, provincie di Brescia e
Bergamo.
Atti Soc. Pad., V, 1876, Pt. 1.
*___ Nuove Forme Italiane del Genere
Unio.
Bull. Soc. Mal. It., VII, 1882, pp.
129-138. 1 plate.
*___ Novita Malacologiche Recenti.
Bull. Soc. Mat. It., XI, 1886, pp. 202-
261. 4 plates. -
*ApAMS, C. B. Shells of Fresh Pond.
Am. Jour. Sci. and Arts, XXXVI, |
1839, p. 392.
*____ Catalogue of the Mollusca of Mid-
dlebury, Vermont, and vicinity ; with
observations.
Am. Jour. Sci. and Arts, XL, 1841,
pp. 266, 267.
*___ Fresh-water and Land Shells of
Vermont.
In Thompson’s History of Vermont,
Pt. 1, 1842.
Published separately under the
above title without date.
— Catalogue of Genera and Species of
Recent Shells. Collection of C. B.
Adams, 1847.
In Marcy’s Exploration of the Red
River of Louisiana, 1852, pp. 242-244.
*ADAMS, ARTHUR, and ANGAS, GEORGE
FRENCH. Descriptions of New Spe-
cies of Shells chiefly from Australia,
in the collection of Mr. Angas.
Proe. Zool. Soc., 1864, pp. 35-40.
*ADAMS, HENRY. List of the Shells col-
lected by Samuel White Baker dur-
ing his recent explorations in Central
Africa,
Proc. Zool. Soc., 1866, pp. 375, 376.
936
i}
*ADAMS, HENRY. List of Land and Fresh-
water Shells collected by Mr. E. Bart-
lett on the Upper Amazons, and on
the River Ucayali, eastern Pern,
with descriptions of New Species.
Proc. Zool. Soc., 1866, pp. 440-445.
*___ Descriptions of six new species of
shells, ete.
Proc. Zool. Soc., 1866, pp. 445-447.
— Descriptions of fifteen new species
of Land and Fresh-water Shells from
Formosa, collected by Robert Swin-
hoe, etc.
Proce. Zool. Soc., 1866, pp. 316-319,
pl. XXXIII.
List of additional species of Land
and Fresh-water Shells collected by
Mr. E. Bartlett in eastern Peru, with
descriptions of new species.
Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, pp. 374-376.
*ADAMS, HENRY and ARTHUR. The
Genera of Recent Mollusca, arranged
according to their organization.
3 vols., 1853-1858.
*ADAMS, LIONEL ERNEST. The Collect-
or’s Manual of British Land and
Fresh-water Shells, etc., 1884, pp. 125,
8 plates.
*—__ The Mollusea of Northamptonshire.
Jour. Northamp. Soc., VIL, 1895, pp.
265-267.
*ADANSON, M. Histoire Naturelle du
Senegal. Coquillages. Avec la Rela-
tion abrégée @’ un Voyage fait en ce
pays, pendent les années, 1749, 1750,
1751, 1752, et 1753. Paris, 1757, pp.
275, 19 plates.
Agassiz, Louis. Mémoire sur les Moules
de Mollusques vivants et fossiles.
Mém. Soc. des Sci. Nat. Neuchatel,
1839.
*—__ Nomenclator Zoologicus, etc.
Soloduri, 1842-1846.
*
*
No. 1208.
SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON.
937
Introduction to the
New
Acassiz, Louis.
Study of Natural History.
York, 1847.
—— Twelve Lectures on Comparative
Embryology. Boston, 1849, pp. 22.
Remarks on Fresh-water Shells.
Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., I11, 1850,
pp. 301, 356, 357.
*—— Diagnoses of genera of Unionide.
In Stimpson’s Shells of New England,
1851.
*___. Letter to Isaac Lea on the Naiades.
220.
*
Nord Amerikanischen Najaden.
Arch. fiir Naturg., XVII, 1852, pp. |
41-50.
*
versed. .
Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., VII, 1859,
pp. 166-167.
+
increase and other characters of
fresh-water shells—Unios.
Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., VIII,
1861, pp. 100-102.
*___ Methods of Study in Natural His-
tory, 1869, pp. 319.
ALDER, JosuuA. A Catalogue of the
Land and Fresh-water Testaceous
Mollusca found in the vicinity of
Newecastle-upon-Tyne, ete.
Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Northwmber- |
land and Durham, I, 1830, pp. 26-41;
II, 1833, pp. 337-342.
Notes on the Land and Fresh-water
Mollusca of Great Britain, with a re-
vised list of species.
Jardine’s Mag. of Zool. and Bot., II,
1838, pp. 101-119.
Catalogue of Mollusca of North-
umberland and Durham.
Trans. Tyne. Field Nat.
1846-1850, pp. 97-209, 358-365.
*ALDRICH, TRUMAN H. Partial List of
Shells found near Troy, New York.
Rep. of Regents of Univ. of N. Y.,
XXII, 1869, pp. 17-24. —
ALDROVANDUS, ULyssEs. De Reliquis
animalibus Exsanguibus vtpote de
Mollibus Crustaceis Testaceis et
Zoophytis, Part IV, Bononie, 1606.
ALTEN, JOHANNES WILHELM. Syste-
matische abhandlungen tiber die Erd
und Fluss-Conchylien, etc., 14 col-
ored plates, Augsburg, 1812.
Club, I,
Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1852, pp. 219-
Ueber die Gattungen unter den |
Notes on Unio ligamentinus re- |
Some observations on the rate of |
|
| *
AMALITZKI, V. P. K vo prosu o brev
nosti seruést va Unionidee. [On the
probable antiquity of the Unionide. ]
C. R. Sect. Biol. Soc. Varsovie, I,
1891, pp. 1-5.
—— Ueber die Anthracosien der Perm
formation Russlands.
Palwontogr., XXXIX, 1892, pp. 125-
215, 5 plates. Separate in Russian.
x
A comparison of the Permian
Fresh-water Lamellibranchiata from
Russia, with those of the Karoo Sys-
tem of South Africa. i
Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., LI, 1895, pp.
337-349, 2 plates.
Ancry, C.F. Unio gladiator, n. sp.
Le Naturaliste, III, 1881, p. 468.
-—— On the Generic Name of a Remark-
able Bivalve Shell, found in the
Congo.
Conch. Exchange, II, 1888, p. 22.
—— Résultat des recherches malacolo-
giques de Mer. Lechaptois sur les
bords du lac Nyassa et de la riviere
Shiré.
Mém. Soc. Zool, de France, VII, pp.
217-234, fig. 8.
Anonymous. A Perfect Description of
Virginia, 1649.
Der Naturforch., XVIII, 1782, p. 70.
*— A Catalogue of the Portland Mu-
seum, 17-6.
*
*
*
—— Sur Vopinion de Treviranus.
Isis, XX, 1827, p. 752.
—— Remarks on Dr. Isaac Lea’s Memoir
in the Transactions of the American
Philosophical Society for 1827.
Am. Jour. Sci. and Arts, XVI, 1829,
p. 378.
— Remarks on Mr. Isaac Lea’s Mono-
graph of the genus Unio.
Jour. Nat. and Geog. Sci., II, 1830,
p. 185.
Criticism.
Am. Jour. Geol. and Nat. Sci., I, 1831,
p. 370.
*__ Mr. Lea on the Naiades, in the
Transactions of the American Philo-
sophical Society.
Am. Jour. Sci. and Arts, XXII, 1832,
pp. 169-178.
Observations on the genus Unio,
etc., by I. Lea, in the Transactions of
the American Philosophical Society.
Am. Jour. Sci. and Arts, XXVII,
1835, pp. 371-377.
938
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
VOL. XXII.
*ANONYMOUS. On the Economic Uses of
some species of Testacea.
Am. Jour. Sci. and Arts, XXXII,
1837, pp. 235-259.
*___ Observations, etc., from the Trans-
actions of the American Philosophic-
al Society.
dm. Jour. Sci. and Arts, XXX V,1839,
pp. 184-186.
*____ Preparation of Shells for the Cabi-
net.
Am. Jour. Sci.and Arts, XLII, 1842,
p. 391.
*____ Notice of Lea’s Observations on
the genus Unio, ete., VIII.
An. Jour. Sci. and Arts, XXXIV,
1862, p. 451.
us Notice of Lea’s Observations on |
Unio, ete., XI.
Am. Jour. Sci. and Arts, XLII, 1867,
p- 411.
ApaTHy, I. Studien zur Histologie der
Najadeen auf Grund selbststiindiger
Untersuchungen,
Math. Nat. Ber. Ung., 111, 1886, pp.
109-110.
ApGak, «A. C.
Unio.
Jour. Trenton Soc., I, 1887, pp. 58-59.
Zoologist (3.), XI, 1887, p. 425.
ARADAS, ANDR., and MAGGIORE, GIAC.
Catalogo ragionato delle conchiglic
viventi Sicilia.
Atti Accad. Gioénia, XV, 1839, pp.
53-106, 163-205; XX, 1843, pp. 101-
142, 343-360.
*ARANGO, R. Catalogo de los moluscos
terrestres y fluviatiles de la isla de
Cuba.
Poey, Report Ftsico-Nat. de la Isla
de Cuba, 1865, pp. 81-112, 123-144, 145-
149.
The Muskrat and the
“ANTHONY, JOHN G. On the Byssus of | *ARGENVILLE, ANTONIO JOSEPH DESAL-
Unio, with notes by J. Eb. Gray, esq. |
Ann, Nat. Hist., VI, 1841, p. 77.
* List of Land
2d ed., 1843.
is Descriptions of New Species of |
North American Unionidee.
Am. Jour. Conch., 1, 1865, pp. 155-
164, pls. X1I-XVI.
*—— Descriptions of Two New Species
of Monocondylea.
Am. Jour. Conch., I, 1865, pp. 205- |
206, pl. XVII.
*____ Descriptions
Shells.
Am. Jour. Conch., 1, 1865, p. 351, pl.
XXV, fig. 2.
*—__ Descriptions of
I'resh-water Shells.
Am. Jour. Conch., 11, 1866, pp. 144-
147, pls. VI, VII.
*ANTON, HERMANN EDUARD. Verzeich-
niss der Conchylien, welche sich in
der Sammlung von H.E. Anton be-
finden.
Halle, 1839, pp. 110.
Apatny, I.
z) vettanarol.
of New Species of
New American
Evrt. Term. Kor., XIV, 1885, 121 pp., |
4 plates. Abstract in Biol. Cen-
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stract in Jour. Roy. Micr. Soc., 1888,
pp. 205-206.
Tanulmany a Najadeak §S
and Fresh- water |
Shells near Cincinnati, Ohio, 1842, |
LIER D’, La Conchyliologie, ou His-
toire Naturelle des Coquilles de mer
@eau douce, terrestres et fossiles;
avee un traité de la zoomorphose,
1742. 2vols., 33 plates. Three edi-
tions, the third by Favanne.
*___ Histoire naturelle éclaircie dans ne
deses parties principales, VOrctologie
qui traite des terres, des pierres, des
inétaux, des minéraux et autres fos-
siles, etc., Paris, 1753.
Auprior. Catalogue des Mollusques
vivants du département dela Marne,
dressé sur les notes de M. Arnould.
Séanc. et Trav. Acad. Rennes, 1846.
*AUCAPITAINE, HENRI. Mollusques ter-
restres ct de Vean douce observés
dans la Haute Kabylie (versant nord
du Djurjura).
Rev. et Mag., XIV, 1862, pp. 144-162.
AUDOUIN, JEAN Victor. Observations
pour servir A Vhistoire de la forma-
tion des Perles.
Mém. Mus., XVII, 1820, p. 174, sep-
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*____Explication des Planches du grand
Ouvrage d’Egypte, 1827.
*AUGHEY, SAMUEL. Catalogue of the
Land and Freshwater Shells of Ne-
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Bull, U.S. Geol. and Geog. Surrey of
the Territories, III, 1877, pp. 697-704.
NO. 1205.
SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON,
J39
BakER, KARL ERNST VON. Observa-
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sur un systeme des vaisseaux hydro-
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Notiz. aus dem Geb. Nat. wid Heilk.,
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—— Extrait de Sept Mémoires sur les
Entozoaires ou Vers intestinaux des
Mollusques.
Bull. Sci. Nat., UX, 1826, No. 103.
— In Froriep’s Notizen, January,
1828.
—— Ueber den Weg, den die Kier unserer
Siisswassermuscheln nehmen, um in
die Kiemen zu gelangen nebst allge-
meinen Bemerkungen iiber den Bau
der Muscheln.
Meckel’s Archir,
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Bull. Soc.
pp. 117-182.
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BalLLe, Emiir. Liste des
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Unionides |
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Wo le
*BaILLIE, WILLIAM. Sutherland and
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Jour. of Conch.,
299.
*BairD, W., and ADAMS, H. - Notes upon
some interesting Chinese Shells, with
a description of two or three New
Species of Unionidie, collected at
Shanghai, etc.
c. dmis Nat. Rowen,
1898,
III, 1882, pp. 297- |
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plo XXVE-
*BAKER, FRANK COLLINS. The Molluscan |
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Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, VIII,
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*_— The Mollusca of the Chicago Area.
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Nat. Hist. Survey of Chicago Acad.
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Batt, RoBerr. On the occurrence of
Fresh-water Shells in some of our
Post-Tertiary Deposits in Canada.
Can. Nat. and Geol., VI, 1861, pp.
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|
*BARBIB,
*BARBUT, JAMES
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fluviatiles du départment de la Céte
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Mém. Acad. Dijon, 1852, pp. 163-
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The Genera Vermium,
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Two parts. 25 colored plates.
drawn
BARKER, JOHN. Notes on some Dissec-
tions of the Fresh-water Pearl Mussel
(Unio) Margaritana marearitifera.
Dublin Quart. Jour. Sci., V, 1865,
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“BARNES, D. W. On the Genera Unio
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Am. Sci. and Aris, VI, 1823,
pp. 107-127; pp. 258-280, with fig-
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VI, 1825, pp. 122-124.
Reclamation of Unios.
Am. Jour, Sci. and Arts, XIII, 1828,
pp. 358-364.
*BARTRAM, JOHN. Observations con-
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Oyster Banks, and the Fresh-water
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Phil. Trans.,- XUILI,
157-159.
*BAkTRAM, WILLIAM. Travels through
North and South Carolina, Georgia,
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Jour.
1744, pp.
BauboN, AUGUSTE. Catalogue des Mol-
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Mém. Soc.. Oise, 1852. Separate,
1853, pp. 20.
*____ Notice sur la ponte de quelques
Unio; comparaison entre l’oviducte
de ce genre et celui des Anodontes.
Jour. de. Conech., IV, 1853," pp.
853-357.
*____ Observation sur la valeur du Visi-
dium.
Jour. de Conch., 1V, 1853, pp. 277-279.
BAUMGARTEN. Notizen iiber die Perlen-
fischerei u. Perlenzucht im Perlen-
bache bei Falkenstein.
Korrespbl. d. Zool. Mineral.
Regensberg., 1856, pp. 165-175.
Ter.
940
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
VOL. XXII
*BEAN, WILLIAM. Fossil Shells.
Mag. Nat. Hist., IX, 1836, pp.
376-377, 3 figs.
* BEAUCHAMP, WILLIAM.
Unio pressus (Lea).
Am. Naturalist, XVII, 1883, pp. 433,
434.
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Conch. Ex., No. 1, 1888, p. 49.
*Breck, H. Index Molluscorum presen-
Distribution of
tis evi Musei Principis Augustissimi
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BIELETZKI, N. Ph. Bbearqniil. HW. ®. 0 Apnik-
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Tpygbl OOW. UenbIT. Wpuporbl
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MMO.
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Can. Nat. and Geol., IV, 1859, pp.
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BELON, P. De Aquatilibus, 1553.
BENEDEN, P. J., VAN. Sur le sexe des
Anodontes, et la signification des
Spermatozaires.
Bull. de V Acad. de Brux., XI, Pt. 2,
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1845, No. 598, p. 217; Isis. 1848, pp.
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BENoIstT, EMILE.
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Actes Soc. Linn. Bord.,l, p.1xii-lxiv,
1897.
*BENOIT, Luiail. Nuovo catalogo delle
conchiglie Terrestri e Fluviatili della
Sicilia, ete , 1881, pp. 176.
Benson, W. H. Descriptive catalogue
of terrestrial and fluviatile Testacea, |
chiefly from the northeast frontier of
Bengal.
Jour. Asiat. Soc. Beng. V, 1836, p.
Les Unios de la Gi-
350; II, p. 741.
“Benson, W. H. Chusan Shells, col-
lected by Dr.S. Cantor.
Jour. Asiat. Soc. Beng., XXIV, 1855,
pp. 119-141.
Reprinted without date, pp. 22.
Summary in dnn. Nat. Hist., 1842,
pp. 119-140.
*—— Descriptions of Indian and Burmese
Species of the Genus Unio, Retz.
Ann. Nat. Hist., X, 1862, pp. 184-195.
“BERNARDI, A.C. Description d’espéces
nouvelles.
Jour. de Conch.,
303, pl. x, fig. 1.
—— Description d’especes nouvelles.
Jour. de Conch., IX, 1860, p. 331-332,
pl. xu, figs. 1, 2, 4.
BeTTA, EDUARDODE. Intorno agli Studi
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Atti Ist. Ven. (5), VI, 1880, pp.
419-431.
BETTA, EDUARDO DE and MARTINELLI,
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nelle provincie Venete, Verona, 1855,
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* BIELZ, E, A. Fauna der Land- und Siiss-
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*___ Verzeichniss der Mollusken und
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——-Systematisches Verzeichniss der
Land- und Siisswasser-Mollusken des
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Verhandl. und Mittheil. des Sieben-
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* BINGLEY, WILLIAM. Usefulknowledge,
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*BINNEY, W.G. Bibliography of North
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BLAINVILLE, HENRI-MARIE DUCROTAY
DE. Mollusques.
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Sur Ja classification méthodique des
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velle considération pour y parvenir.
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— Observations sur les branches des
Anodontes.
Jour.de Phys., LX X XIX, 1825,p. 127.
VII, 1858, pp. 301-
x
NO. 1205.
SYNOPSIS Of THE NAIADES—SIMPSON.
941
*BLAINVILLE, HENRI-MARIE DUCROTAY
pE. Manuel de Malacologie et de
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647 pp.; I, 87 colored plates.
Note sur l’appareil de la génération
dans les Moulettes et les Anodontes.
Nouv. Bull. Soc. Philom., 1825, pp.
156-160, Fror. Notizen, XIII, 1826,
pp. 6-10.
53 Rapport fait ’ ’ Académie des Sci-
ences, sur un mémoire de M. Jacob-
son, ayant pour titre: Observations
sur le développement prétendu des
ceufs des Moulettes et des Anodontes
dans leurs branchies.
Ann. des Sci. Nat., XIV, 1828, pp.
22-62. Separate.
*___ Rapport de M. de Blainville sar un
mémoire de M. de Quatrefages, in-
titulé: Sur la vie interbranchiale des
petites Anodontes.
Ann. des. Sci. Nat., IV, 1835, pp.
283-290.
*BLANCHARD, EMILE. Observations sur
le Systeme Nerveux des Mollusques
Acéphales testacées ou lamelli-
branches.
Ann. des Sci. Nat., II, 1845, pp.
321-340, plate XII.
*BLAND, THOMAS. Note sur ]’érosion des
coquilles fluviatiles.
Jour. de Conch., 1V, 1855, p. 308.
*BLANFORD, WILLIAM T. Contributions
to Indian Malacology, No. VII. List
of species of Unio and Anodonta de-
scribed as occurring in India, Cey-
lon, and Burma.
Jour. Asiat. Soc. Beng., XX XV, 1867,
pp. 184-155.
*___ Descriptions of New Land and
Fresh-water Molluscan Species, col-
lected by Dr. John Anderson in Up-
per Burma and Yunnan.
Proc. Zool. Soc., 1869, pp. 444-450.
— Land, Fresh-water, and Estuarine
Mollusea.
Brit. Burma Gazetteer, I, 1880, pp.
115-128; Rep. Brit. Assn. Adv. Sci.,
1881, p.678; Jour. Asiat. Soc. Beng.,
I, 1881, pp. 267, 271.
-——[Estimate of the number of bivalve
mollusks in India. }
Rep. Brit. Assn. Adv. Sci., 1881, pp.
638, 639.
*Broxam, A. [Land and Fresh-water
Shells collected in the neighborhood
of Rugby, Warwickshire. ]
Mag. Nat. Hist., VII, 1834, p. 160.
Pearly Matter in Fresh-water Mus-
sels.
Mag. Nat. Hist., VII, 1834, pp. 160,
161.
Boerius. Pearls in Mya Margaritifera.
Gem. et Lap. Hist., 1609. Edited by
Bellenden, Edinburgh.
*BOETTGER, Oskar. Armenische und
trans-kaukasische Mollusken, aus
einer Sendung des Herr Dr. G. Sievers
in Tiflis.
Jahrb. Deutsch. Mal. Ges., VII, 1880,
pp. 151-161.
*___ Sechstes Verzeichniss trans-kau-
kasischer, armenischer und nordper-
sischer Mollusken.
Jahrb. Deutsch. Mal. Ges., VIII, 1881,
pp. 167-261, plates viI-1x.
Beitriige zur Herpetologie und Ma-
lakozoologie Stidwest Afrikas.
Ber. d. Senck. naturf. Ges., 1886,
pp. 3-29, 2 plates.
ss Malakologische Ergebnische
Streifziigen in Thessalien.
Jahrb. Deutsch. Mal.Ges., XIII, 1886,
pp. 42-73. 2 plates.
—— [Cf. Stussiner] Auf Zihlung der in
Thessalien gesammelten Schnecken
und Muscheln.
Jahrb. Deutsch. Mal. Ges., XIII, 1886,
pp. 50-73, pl. 1.
*____ Ad. Strubell’s Konchylien aus Java.
Ber. d. Senck. naturf. Ges., 1890, pp.
137-173, pls. V, Vly 11; pp. 241-312,
pls. III, Iv.
*____ Zur Mollusken-Fauna russisehen
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Corres. Blatt. Ver. Regensb., XXXVI,
1872, pp. 82-97.
CLOQUET, J., and MOQUIN-TANDON, M. |
Observations sur les perles des Bi- |
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COLENSO, W.
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— Binnenmollusken aus Siid Brazilien. |
5 . ° |
[Unio waikarensisn. sp.] |
“COLENSO, W. Description of two little-
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Trans. New Zealand Inst., XIV,
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Naturalist, 1890, pp. 109-114.
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Jour. Anat. Phys., XXV, 1890, p. 154.
“—— The Land and Fresh-water Mol-
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Conchologist, 1891, pp. 11-14, 19-23,
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COMPANYO and Massor, PavL. De-
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*—__ New Fresh-water Shells of the
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| *— Description of a new
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Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII,
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to
genus of
— Appendix new Fresh-water
Shells, 1
Monography of the Family Union-
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plates, I, 1835; II-VII, 1836; VIII,
DXC ISS OX XO SSS Se NOU NCEE 10
OO-
S00.
date.
*—— Descriptions of three new species
| of Unio.
roe. Acad. Nat. Sct. Phila, V
1841, pp. 19, 20.
*___ Descriptions of three new species
of Unios from the rivers of the
United States.
| Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VIII,
1842, pp. 178-180.
| *— Observations on the Geology of a
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i of Recent Shells of the Coast.
Am. Jour. Sci.and Arts, II, 1846, pp-
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|
948
*ConRAD, TimotTHy A. Notices of Fresh-
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Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1V,
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2 Descriptions of New Fresh-water—
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Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1V, 1849,
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*____Deseriptions of New Species of
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Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., V, 1850,
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2 Descriptions of New Fresh-water
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Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1850,
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*—— Notes on Shells, with Descriptions
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Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila, V1,
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a A Synopsis of the Family of Naiades
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Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., V1,
1853, pp. 243-269.
+ Omissions and Corrections to the
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Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., V1,
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Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII,
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*___ Descriptions of New Species of Unio.
Unio.
Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1854,
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*__ Descriptions of three New Species
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Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, |
1855, p. 256. .
*___ On a New Species of Unio, and
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Am. Jour. Sci. and Arts, X XI, 1856,
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Amer. Jour. Conch., 1, 1865, p. 234.
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Amer. Jour. Conch., I, 1865, p. 352,
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*___ Description of a New Species of
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Am. Jour. Conch., II, 1866, p. 107.
*—__ Observations on Pleiodon Mac-
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Am. Jour. Conch., ILI, 1867, p.4.
* Notes on Recent and Fossil Shells,
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Am. Jour. Conch., IV, 1868, p. 246-,
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Am. Naturalist, 111,1870, pp.294-299.
*____ [Fresh-water Mollusks of the Mis-
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NO 1205.
SYNOPSIS OF THE NA TADES—SIMPSON.
949
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*
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*“—— Varietés. Ne Sutor ultra crepidam.
Jour. de Conch., 1870, pp. 251-260.
*—— Varietés. [Reviews of Conch. Icon.,
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Jour. de Conch., 1870, pp. 251-260.
Faune Malacologique du Lac Tan-
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Jour. de Conch., XXIX, 1881, pp.
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e Supplément 4 la Fauna Malacolo-
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Jour. de Conch., 1881, pp. 277-306.
*___ Note Complementaire sur l’Ano-
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Jour. de Conch., 1883, pp. 221, 222,
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*___ Faune Malacologique, terrestre et
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Jour. de Conch., 1890, pp. 35-65.
*____ Faune Malacologique, terrestre et
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Jour. de Conch., 1875, pp. 194-196.
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Jour. de Conch., XL, 1892, p. 294.
950
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
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Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. His., XIII,
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development, with an attempttoward |
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*
*
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SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON.
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SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON.
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966
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VOL, XXII.
KOENIG, EMANUEL.
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| Sitz. Math. Nat., 1854.
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Pen. a Te
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SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIM SON,
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*Lma, ISAAC.
species of Unios, etc.
|
Description of six new |
Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., 1827, pp. 259- |
273,4 plates. Separate.
= Observations on the Genus Unio, |
etc., 1829, pp. 71, 12 plates.
- all
is Description of a New Genus of
Naiades, etc.
Trans. Am. Phil. Soc.,
403-457, 8 plates.
1829, pp.
*___ Observations on the Naiades, ete. |
Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., 1831, pp. |
63-121, 16 plates.
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Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., 1834, pp.
23-119, 19 plates.
*____ Observations on the Genus Unio, |
I, 1834, 233 pp, 46 plates.
*___ A Synopsis of the Family of Naia-
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4th ed., 1870.
—— Description of a New Unio (spino-
sus), 1836.
Neue Gattungen von Najaden.
Zeits. fiir Zool. Ver. An., 1837, pp. |
}
43-53, 1 plate.
*___ Description of New Fresh-water |
and Land Shells.
Trans. Am. Phil. Soc.,
1-154, 34 plates.
*___ Observations, etc., II, 1838, pp. 152,
29 plates.
1858, pp.
: Descriptions of New Fresh-water |
and Land Shells.
Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., 1840, pp. 284—
289.
*____ Continuationof above.
Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., 1841, pp. 30-34,
81-83.
Description of new Fresh-water
and Land Shells.
Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., 1842, pp. 163-
252, 23 plates.
a Observations, etc., III, 1842, pp. 88, |
23 plates.
*_ Continuation of paper on New |
Shells.
Proc. Am. Phil. Soc.,1842, pp.224, 225. .
*___ Observations, etc., V,
“LEA, Isaac. [Communication. ]
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1843,
pp. 215, 216.
—— Description of twelve new species
ot Uniones.
Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., 1V, 1848, p. 11.
Abstract in advance, no pagination.
*__ Names of twelve new Uniones.
Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., 1844, p. 8.
—— Descriptions of new Fresh-water
and Land Shells.
Proce. Am. Phil. Soc., 1845, pp. 162-
168.
Description of new Iresh-water
and Land Shells.
Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., 1845, pp. 275-
282, 4 plates.
*“—_— Descriptions of new Fresh-water
and Land Shells.
Trans. Am. Phil. Soe., 1848, pp. 67-
101, 9 plates.
*____ Observations, etc., LV, 1848, pp. 101,
13 plates.
Descriptions of five new Anodontze,
etc.
Proc. Zool. Soc., 1850, pp. 197-199;
Ann. Nat. Hist., V111,1851, pp. 493-496.
* —__ Exhibition of large Unios, etc.
Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., 1850, p. 153.
*__ On a communication from Professor
Agassiz. :
Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. ,1851, pp.187-189.
On the great size of certain Naiades,
etc.
Proc. Am. Phil. Soc.,1851,pp.191-193.
= Correspondence between Mr. Lea
and Prof. Agassiz, etc.
Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., 1851, pp. 218-
221.
~_ Descriptions of new species of the
family Unionidee.
Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., 1852, pp. 251,
252; Trans. dm. Phil. Soc., 1852, pp.
253-294, 18 plates.
*
1852, ). 62,
19 plates.
| x. On a remarkably large Dipsas pli-
catus.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1852,
p. 52:
» On the period of maturing and
ejecting young in the family Unio-
nide.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1852,
p. 54.
968
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
VOL. XXII.
“LBA, ISAAC.
phynote Unio.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
pp. 54, 55.
*___ Definition of the term species and
remarks on classification, etc.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1852,
pp. 57, 58.
*____ Description of new species of Unio-
Phila., 1852,
nide.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1852,
pp. 251, 252.
*___ Notice of the Mya nodulosa, Wood.
Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci. Phila., 1853,
p. 368.
x
pp. 376, 377.
*—— Rectification of Conrad’s Synopsis |
of the Naiades, etc.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1854, |
pp. 236-249.
*_— Description of a new subgenus of
Naiades.
Description of anew Sym- |
‘_— On the Castaliasulcata, Krauss, ete. |
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1853,
*“LeA, Isaac. Description of thirteen
new Uniones from Georgia.
Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857,
pp. 31, 32.
Description of six new Uniones from
Alabama.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857,
p. 83.
*— Description of eight new Naiades.
Proc. Acad. Nat, Sci. Phila., 1857,
p. 84.
*—— Description of three new Naiades.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857,
p. 85. ;
*—— Description of twelve new Naiades
from North Cavolina.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857, -
pp. 85, 86.
*—— [Remarks on Unio spinosus. ]
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857,
pe LOW:
*——_— Description of six new Fresh-water
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856, |
Dawoe
*—__ Description of a new Triquetra.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856, |
Oa 70. ;
*—— Description of new Fresh-water |
Shells from California.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856,
pp. 80, 81.
*____ Description of twenty-five new
Exotic Uniones.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856
pp. 92-95.
*____ Description of four new Exotic |
Uniones.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856, |
p. 105.
*___ Description of the Byssus in Unio.
Proc. Acad.
pp. 218, 214.
*____ Description
from Georgia.
Proc. Acad.
pp. 262, 263.
[Communication on Triquetra lan-
ceolata, etc. |
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856,
pp. 300, 301.
— Remarks on the visual organs of
Unios.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857,
p. 17; Jour. de Conch., 1857, p. 208.
Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856,
Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856
7
*
op ||
of eleven new Uniones |
and Land Shells of Texas and Ta-
maulipas.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857,
pp. 101, 102.
*__ Description of four new Exotic
Uniones, etc., 1857.
*___ [ Proposed change of name of two
Unios. |
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857,
p. 104.
|.
Descriptions of twenty-seven new
Uniones from Georgia.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857,
pp. 169-172.
[Remarks on plates of Naiades of
Siam. ]
| Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857,
| p. 205.
| “Description du sous-genre Plagio-
| don, ete. R
| Jour. de Conch., 1857, pp. 207, 208.
*___ Descriptions of Exotic Genera and
Species of Unionide.
| Jour. Acad. Nal. Sci. Phila., 1857,
| pp. 289-321, 13 plates.
*____ Observations, ete., VI, Pt. 1, 1857,
pp. 34, 13 plates.
*—__ Description du Byssus dans le Genre
Unio.
Jour. de Conch,, 1857, p. 200.
*___ Kemarks on Unionide of Nebraska
Territory, etc.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858,
pp. 15-14.
NO. 1205.
SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON.
969
*Lea, Isaac. Descriptions of new Unios
from Tennessee, etc.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858,
pp. 40, 41.
*~__[Remarks on some remarkable
Unionide. |
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858,
p. 114.
*—_ Description of four new Freshwater
Mollusks from Darien.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858,
p. 118.
*___ [Remarks on reproduction of Unio |
rubiginosus, |
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858.
Pp. 135.
- Descriptions of seven new Margari-
tanas and four new Anodontas.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858,
pp. 188, 139.
% Descriptions of twelve new Uniones
of the United States.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858,
pp. 165, 166.
*___ [Remarks on Triquetra contorta. ]
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858,
1Do Laws
Descriptions of the
forms of thirty-eight
Unionide.
Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858,
pp. 43-50, 1 plate, separate.
*__ New Unionide of the
States.
Jour. dead. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858,
pp. 51-95, 15 plates.
*____ Descriptions of Exotic Genera and
Species of Unionidie.
Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858,
pp. 289-321, 13 plates.
embryonic
of
species
United
- Observations, etc., VI, Pt. 2, 1858,
52 pp., 16 pilates.
* Observations, etc., VI, 1858, 97 pp.,
29 plates.
*_._ Descriptions of eight new Union- |
ide from Georgia, etc.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859,
pp. 112, 113.
Descriptions of twenty-one new
Exotic Unionide.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859,
pp. 151-154.
from Georgia.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, |
~ p. 154.
Descriptions of two new Uniones
*LEA, Isaac. Descriptions of seven new
Uniones from South Carolina, ete.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859,
pp. 154, 155.
Descriptions of twelve new Uniones
from Georgia.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859,
pp. 170-172.
“_— [On dead
lewisil. |
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859,
100 VT
—— [On Unio kleinianus. ]
Proc. dead. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859,
shells of Anodonta
be
p. 177.
x Descriptions of four new Exotic
Unionide,.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859,
p. 187.
*____New Unionid:e of the United
States.
Jour. Acad. Nat, Sci. Phila., 1859,
pp. 191-233, 12 plates.
*____ Observations, etc., VII, 1859, Pt. 1,
43 pp., 12 plates.
[Change of name of Margaritana
etowaheusis. |
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859,
p. 280.
*____ Description of a new Unio from
Darien.
Proc. Acad, Nat.
p. 281.
*___. [Remarks on four Unios, etc. ].
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859,
pp. 329-330.
*____ Descriptions of three new Exotic
Uniones.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phitla., 1859,
p. 3a.
Sci. Phila., 1859,
Remarks on the number ofspecies
of Unionidee, ete.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XII,
1860, p. 3.
: Observations, ete., VII, 1860, Pt. 2,
pp. 38, 13 plates.
Wee Observations, etc., VII, 1860, pp.
93, 25 plates.
*___ [Remarks on Abnormal Shells. ]
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,1860, pp.
51-53.
: Descriptions of eight new Unio-
nide from Georgia, etc., 1860, pp. 24.
970
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
VOL, XXII.
*Lna, Isaac. [On the number of Union-
idee in North America. |
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p.
85.
*___ [On letter of Dr. Lewis. ]
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, pp.
88, 89.
‘ Descriptions of four new Unionide |
from Brazil, ete. |
Proc, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, |
pp. 89, 90. |
i Descriptions of fifteen new Urnu- |
guayan Unionide.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860,
pp. 90-92.
Descriptions of tive new Uniones |
from North Alabama. |
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., 1860,
pp. 92, 93.
*___ [Ona new form of Palpi of Ano-
donta from the Uraguay River. }
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p.
Ofte |
*___ Descriptions of two new Uniones
from Georgia.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p.
305.
x Descriptions of three new Uniones |
from Mexico.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860,
pp. 305, 306.
*___ Descriptions of seven new Unioni-
de from the United States.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, |
pp. 306, 307.
Descriptions of six new Unionidie
from Alabama.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p.
307.
*—— Descriptions of three new Exotic
Unionidie.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860,
pp. 307, 308, 331; 1865, pp. 75,76; ex- |
tract in dm. Jour. Conch., I, 1865, pp. |
354, 355.
*___ Descriptions ot Exotic Unionidae.
Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860,
pp. 235-273, 13 plates.
is New Unionid:e of the United States, |
ete.
Jour. dead. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, |
pp. 327-374, 16 plates.
*—__. Observations, ete., VIII, Pt. 1, 1860,
pp. 56, 16 plates.
“LEA, Isaac. Descriptions of twenty-
five new Unionide from Georgia,
Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, and
Florida.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
pp. 38-41.
Descriptions of two new Anodonte
from Aretic America.
Phila., 1861.
|
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
p. 56.
—— Descriptions of twelve new Uniones
from Alabama.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.’ Phila., 1861,
pp. 59, 60.
Descriptions of eleven new Unios
from the United States.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861,
pp. 391-398.
Remarks on the number of Unio-
nidie, etc., 1862.
New Unionidz of the United States.
Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861,
pp. 53-109, 18 plates.
“—— Observations, etec., VIII, 1862, Pt. 2,
pp. 56, 18 plates.
*—— Observations, etc., VIII, 1862, pp.
115, 54 plates.
b)
Phila., 1861
crs
*—— Descriptions of ten new Unionide
of the United States.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862,
pp. 168, 169.
— Descriptions of two
Uniones, ete.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863,
p. 176.
Description of a new Genus, etc.,
1862. ,
*__ Checklist of the Shells of North
America. Unionide.
i new Exotic
Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collec-
| tion, II, pp. 52, 1862. Separate.
*__ New Unionide of the United States.
Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862.
pp. 53-109, 18 plates.
ae New Unionide of the United Statcs.
etc.
Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862.
pp. 187-216, 10 plates.
*—__ Observations, etc., IX, 1863, pp. 180,
16 plates.
*__ Descriptions of eleven new Exotic
Unionide.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863,
pp. 189, 190.
NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE
NAIADES—SIMPSON,
abil
“LA, Isaac. Description of anew Unio
and a Monocondylea.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
p. 190.
i Descriptions of twenty-four new
Unionide of the United States.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863,
pp. 191-194.
4 New Exotic Unionide.
Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, |
pp. 377-400, 10 plates.
- Descriptions of the soft parts of one
hundred and forty-three species, and
some Embryonic Forms of Unionide,
etc.
Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863,
pp. 401-456.
Phila., 1863,
. Observations, etc., X, 1863, pp. 94, |
10 plates. |
* Descriptious of six new Unionide |
from Lake Nyassa.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864,
pp. 108, 109. : |
*—— ]escriptions of two new Unionide |
from South Africa. |
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, |
p. 113. |
*_— Descriptions of six new Western |
Asiatic Unionide.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, | ~
pp. 285, 286.
*___ Descriptions of three new Exotic |
Unionide.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1865,
pp. 75, 76.
a Descriptions of cight new Unios
from the United States.
Descriptions of fourteen new Mela-
nid; etc., 1866, pp. 32.
Appendix IV [to Bibliography of
the North American Conchology, by
W.G. Binney. ]
Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collection,
IX, 1869, pp. 289-294.
*—— Description of twelve new Union-
ide from South America.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866,
pp. 33-35. |
*—_ Description of five new Unios.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866,
Da Jes,
% New Unionid Melanide, ete.
Jour, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867,
pp. 5-65, 21 plates; Am. Jour. Conch., |
1867, pp. 84, 85. Separate.
“LEA, Isaac. Observations, etc., XI,
1867, pp. 146, 24 plates.
Index to Volumes I-XI of Observa-
tions, 1867, pp. 63.
“—— Descriptions of five new Unionidx,
ete.
Proc. Acad. Nat.
p. 81.
Descriptions of nine new Unios from
Lake Nicaragua.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci, Phila., 1868,
pp. 94-96.
*— Description of sixteen new Union-
ide, etc.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868,
pp. 143-145.
*__. Notes on
Unios.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868,
pp. 145, 146; Am. Jour. Conch., 1868,
p. 233.
— Descriptions of four new Exotic
Unionidee.
Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci. Philu., 1868,
p. 150.
*“—_ Descriptions of seven new Unios
from North Carolina.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868,
pp- 160, 161.
Description of two new Unionide
from Ecuador.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868,
pp. 161, 162.
*_— Descriptions of Unionidze from the
Lower Cretaceous of New Jersey.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868,
pp. 162-164.
Descriptions of twelve new South
American Unionide, 1868.
*— New Unionidie, Melanida, etc.,
the United States.
Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868,
pp. 249-302, 17 plates; pp. 303-345, 9
plates.
*_ Observations, etc., XII, 1869, pp.
105, 25 plates.
: Index to Volume XII, etc., 1869, pp.
23.
Sci. Phila., 1867,
some singular Chinese
of
Descriptions of six new Freshwater
Shells.
Proc. Acad. Nat.
pp. 124, 125.
*___ Are Unios sensitive to light?
Am. Jour. Sci. and Arts, XLVII,1869,
pp. 430, 481; Ann. Nat. Hist., III,
1869, p. 466.
Sci. Phila., 1869,
972
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
VOL, XXII.
~Lea, Isaac. Descriptions of three new
Exotic Unionide.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1871, |
p. 188.
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Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1871, |
pp. 189-193.
*___ Descriptions of twenty-nine Union-
id from the United States.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1872, |
pp. 155-161.
*____ Rectification of Conrad's Synopsis, —
etc., 1872.
i Description of seven new Union- |
idee, etc.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1874, |
pp. 422, 423.
*____ Descriptions of three new Uniones
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Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1873, p.
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*.___ Description of fifty-two species .of
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Jour. Acad. Nat.
75, 22 plates.
*____ Index to Volumes I-XIII, Observa- |
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*___ Observations, etc., XIII, 1874, pp.
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Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1855, pp.
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*LEWIS, JAMES.
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*___ [Erosion of Unios. | |
Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1857, pp. |
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*__ Catalogue of the Mollusks in the
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Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1869, ©
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Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1860, pp.
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Am. Jour. Conch., LV, 1868, pp. 81-85.
a Remarks on the Mollusks of the |
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Am. Jour. Conch., 1868, pp. 241-245.
*____ Catalogue of the Shells of the Coosa
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Am. Jour. Conch., 1869, pp. 166-169.
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Am. Jour. Conch., 1870, pp. 216-226.
Land and Fresh-water Shells of
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Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Hist.,
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*___ Fresh-water
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Fauna of Ala., 1876, pp. 1-42, 4 supp.
1874,
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Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1877,
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Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1879,
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Shells in Herkimer and |
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974 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII.
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*—— Descriptions of two new species of |
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976
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Mon. Akad. Wiss. Ber., 1876, pp. |
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Sitz. Ber. Nat. Fr., 1877, pp. 97-123. |
Mehrerlei ausliindische Conchylien
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Sitz. Ber. Nat. Fr., 1877, pp. 99-105.
Uebersicht der von ihm von 1843
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ten Mollusea.
Mon. Akad. Wis. Ber., 1879, pp. 727= |
749. |
—— Uber die Vertheilung der Land- |
schnecken im Europiiischen Russ- |
1873, pp. 157-225, 2 plates. Separate. |
|
|
aus Mittlern |
%
land.
Sitz. Ber. Nat. Fr., 1878, pp. 20-26. |
¥ Aufziihlung der von Dr. Alex. |
Brandt in Russich Armenien gesam- |
melten Mollusken. |
Mélanges Biol. St. Petersb., X,1880, |
pp. 379-400; Bull. Pet. Ak., 1880, pp. |
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Sitz. Ber. Nat. Fr., 1887, pp. 106-108.
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Sitz. Ber. Nat. Fr., 1893, p. 169.
Siisswasser-Conchylien aus
oy
x
*
és
3
*
*
x
*“__— Neue
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Sitz. Ber. Nat. I’r., 1895, pp. 33-35.
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¥
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¥
>
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INDEX TO SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES.
[Italicised figures, as 749, etc., are used to indicate the principal references. ]
Abacoides (Unio) Haldeman............-
Abacus (Margaron) Lea...........-----.-
Atbacucn @2leunropema) eae seen ose see
Abacus (Unio) Haldeman.......-..-..---
Abbevillensis (Margaron) Lea .-....--.-.
Abbevilllensiss(Umio)) eal s252-24-5-255-4-
Abbreviatus (Unio) Westerlund........-.
Aiberrans| (Margaron) Lea----.......------
AN OCARNTS (pov) IOS ocoesocooseaeaconss
Aberti (Cyprogenia) Conrad .......--.--
ADertin (Mang arom) sea ss— ey. \eeeaa=
AN sient (Wiawt@)) Clombenol so eaagcancdasceose
INTENTS: (WOO) IUCR) Bocscgnesecoouceoeesos
Abnormis (Unio) Morelet.........--..---
Atbortivus) (Umio)) Heudes-4-25-.-s-29--5-
IN oO (OhawlO)) SE\Sooncousossusseesoose
Abyssinica (Nodularia) von Martens ....
Abyssinicus (Unio) von Martens........-
Acrorrhynchus (Unio) von Martens. ..-.-
Actephilus (Unio) Bourguignat.....-.---
Atcuensi(@eleurobema)Muea eens ses eeia
ACUI ((Oiot@)) JOP sooadeoodecocodsesoecoes
Acuminata (Nodularia) H. Adams.....-.
Acuminatus (Unio) H. Adams .........--
Acuticosta (Castalia) Hupé -.-......-.---
AXCUUMCORME, Sibanj oso — cesacososouucoosescos
Acutirostris (Diplodon) Lea ......--.-.--
PNCULALOStTISH (UmiIO) pWUeaen ses ace eee
Acutissimus (Margarita) Lea ...-...-----
Acutissimus (Margaron) Lea.....-....-.-
Acutissimus (Medionidus) Lea...........
Acutissimus (Unio) Lea....--.-.........-
Adansoni (Spatha) Jousseaume..........
Adansoni (Spathella) Jousseaume .......
Admirabilis (Cameronia) Bourguignat...
/Egyptiaca (Nodularia) Cailliaud......-.
fEgyptiacus (Margarita) Lea.............
Aigyptiacus (Margaron) Lea....---.-..--.
/Egyptiacus (Unio) Cailliaud ........ 820, 821, 822
/Eneolus (Pseudodon) Drouet.........-..
ABIDES (AUVs) ICM cose se ocuseaseades
/fquatus (Margaron) Lea.-.-............
ADS VEHHOG) (Whoo) IGA es cesascseagesdoosced
/Equatoria (Nodularia) Morelet........--
/Hquatorius (Unio) Morelet ..............
AGH) ((WsatO))) INGOs ssccecesccossgsosces
Aeruginosus (Nephronaias) Morelet .....
Aeruginosus (Unio) Morelet .........-...
Afsopus (Margarita) Lea .......-......-.-
/Hsopus (Margaron) Lea ........-.......-
=)
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ra
i=)
2
Page.
Esopus (Pleurobema) Green....-....---- 509, 764
FABSO ows) (Wfisul@))) (Enreeral — saoscaccadoccodces
/Ethiopiformis (Unio) von Ihering .....- 894
fathiops (Diplodon) Lea ..-......-....-.- 877
fHithiops (Margaron) Lea.....--...--..-.- 877
/Kthiops piricicabana (Diplodon) yon
iiherins == Soe AS SEES ae Peewee see aae 877
/Ethiops piricicabana (Unio) von Ihering. 877
AR Woy as) (WiaWO))) IGE ssacosooocesecacadocde 877
Aferula (Parreysia) Lea-.......:..-.-.--- 818
Aferulus}(Margarom) Wear syes2) ssh ece a 848
ANieAOULDIS) (ORM) JOE, -soagoccecousosocorss 848
ANWibaVis) (IEA obs) ICE se socoseaeonesodece 537
ATinisi(Margaron))) eames ceecsaan seen 537
ASsiibavTs| (ia) TWAWCIO 3. Ssoncsocosacccaas 799
Aim ays) (Ow) Ie. sae asaneacoococadsaueun 587
ANIA AUIS (Vado) SOnEWOWo so socsoocescocuonce 531, 5384
Africanus (Margaron) Lea....-.......-.- 825
ANUBIS AMD) (IOhaMO)) LEE cancscaccasoacucedoe 825
Agricolarum (Anodon) Heude.....-...-. 638
Aheneus (Margaron) Lea ..-.-.----.-22.: 736
FNS aero} (Wiad) IUCR, Soososcesacedesseasec 736
Alabamensis (Lampsilis) Conrad .......- 57h
Alabamensis (Margaritana) Lea ......... 619
Alabamensis (Margaron) Lea.-..........- 619
Alabamensis (Unio) Conrad ..--......... 574
Alabamensis (Unio) Sowerby .-...-------- 619
Alatan(Burtomia) Am cCeyeeeeeeesereeeeecre 904
JNeniy (Oe hydie)) SOWA oo occocseckccoosuce 871
Alata (Lymnadia) Swainson .......-.-.-- 567
Alata (Metaptera) Stimpson ..-....---..-- 567
ANE WIE) (MOBI) IUGR) o cconooseeabosaseaoaee 904,
JMG hie (MAE) BANOS ssacuccadaaadnonoocae 567
Alata (Mysea) Swainson ....-.--..----... 567
Ale hie (2k abeks)) Ase) O25 48a eccaoospeeebunc 904
Alata simpsoni (Mutela) von Martens ... 904
leva, (Sioehdae)) Ie), sSoseosasosceaueaceone 904
Alata(Symphynota) eas - 2-522... -2----- 567
PAV atau @Wmi ©) slamanck tees scene c= 567
Alatus (Lampsilis) Say.......-..---...--- 567, 678
Alatus (Margarita) Lea...........-.--..- 567
Alatus)(Margarom) sea asec ciece = eeee- 567
Alatus poulsoni (Lampsilis§ Conrad ..... 568
Alatus (Prisodon) Sowerby ...-..-------- S71
/Nenaoks ((Ohabio)) SEhy ceosssoassoacuse 566, 567, 577, 581
MlasmiGdomtarsayecseeencseccia see 506, 510, 514, 666
AMlasmod oni Swalnsom 2. <2 -)1s)-etsiel ee reicjni= 666
PAASMTOC OMba SAV en seers eer 666
Alasmodontina (Complanaria) Stimpson. 663
Agim @dlorn mings. b aoe scoscsepcgaooousn eed 501
1000 INDEX.
, Page. Page.
Alasmodontinus (Unio) Peetel.........--. 663 | Angasi (Anodonta) Peetel ................ 893
Aleroni (Unio) Companyo and Massot ... 686,699 | Angasi (Margaritana) Petel ............. 893
Alexandri) (Umi0)) Kiobelt)s22e-s-2- sacs. 686 | Angasi (Unio) Sowerby ..-....:..----.--- 893
Alfierianus (Unio) Bourguignat.......--- 861 | Angulata (Anodonta) Lea ..............-. 658
Alienigenus (Lampsilis) Crosse and = || Anguilatal(Gonidea))lheaeeeeenssssseeeee 658
Mischerie es aeroplane 572 | Angulata (Margarita) Lea ....... seeneaan 658
Alienigenus (Unio) Crosse and Fis- Angulata (Margaron) Lea.............--- 658
GHET ease SUE Cam sees aera mee eae o72 | Angulata (Mya) Wood ..........-.:.....- 869
Aligera (Lepidodesma) Heude.......-.-- 587 | Angulatus (Margarita) Lea .............. 869
Alta (Pleurobema) Conrad..........--..- 756 | Angusta subflava (Mya) Schroéter ........ 682
Altilis (Lampsilis) Conrad .............-.- 529 | Angusta (Unio) Lamarck ..-..-....-..--- 744
Al tilish (Man garita) bean eee sereee ere. 529 | Angustata (Anodonta) Clessin ........... 927
AUUISK(Mancarom) Ue hace racer ereeee el 529 | Angustata (Iridina) Sowerby ............ 904
JN Whi (Oia) (Crormb eel aocagccansassascose 529 | Angustata (Mutela) Sowerby ............ 904.
ANMUUTE: (OLONO)) IRCEVAsccoacasecaasodascquses 532 | Angustatus (Margarita) Lea ............ te 71
ANITAOES): (GMieny SE NRO) ILCs saodasosocaoasesous 756 | Angustatus (Margaron) Lea ...-.-..--... 731
Altus (Wii) sConraditesessscer eee eee 796 | Angustatus (Unio) Lea.............-...-- 731
Amabilis (Margaron) Lea.........--.-.-- 720 | Annulatus (Anodon) Sowerby ..------.-- 618
INDE ong) (pao) IOCH; ve oucccsocasoaucecsod 720] | AnodoniOkeneerenee se eee eee eee er eeee 620
Amazonensis (Anodonta) Lea......-...-- 928 | Anodonta (Bruguiere) Lamarck......... 501,
Amazonensis (Glabaris) Lea ...-.......-- 928 506, 513, 514, 620, 658, 832, 919, 923
Amazonensis (Margaron) Lea.......----.- 928 | Anodonta Valenciennes.-.-° 2222. 52222-2 931
Ambifaria (Nodularia) von Martens -.... 823 | Anodonteeformis (Nodularia) Tapperone-
Ambifarius (Unio) von Martens...-...... 828%) 2. Caneirit tec. sieeassc cere eee een eeeee 818
Ambigua (Alasmodonta) Say ...---..--.- 673 | Anodonteformis (Unio) Tapperone-Can-
Ambigua (Castalia) Blainville.........-. 865 QPP es dae ue ce ue alae een eee ees 818
Ambigua (Castalia) Lamarck.......-...- 8635668") MAMOdOmUeSKCUVICT Saas etae eee eeeeeeeeere 620
Ambigua (Castalia) Sowerby .-..--.----- 864 | Anodontina (Unio) Lamarck ............ 855
Aimbigua (Hemilastena) Say....-....-.-- 673 | Anodontine Swainson.......-....-.--..- 501
Aybigua (Margaritana) Kuster........-- 673 | Anodontinus (Pseudodon) Rochebrune.. 840
Ambigua (Mya) Wood.........-...------- 864 | Anodontites Bruguiere............---.-- . 620, 624
Ambigua (Unio) Deshayes.....--....--.- 863 | Anodontoides floridensis (Lampsilis)
Ambiguus (Diplodon)...........-.--...-- 874 1U Cas raaenanrensgopoDUosdeerHhsocduDote LAA
Ambiguus (Tetraplodon) Sowerby .-.-.--- 863 | Anodontoides (Lampsilis) Lea..........- 54,3, 544
Ambiguus (Unio) Philippi.....--.....-.. 891 | Anodontoides (Margarita) Lea ....-....--. 543
Amblamodon Rafinesque .........-.-...- 673 | Anodontoides (Margaron) Lea....-....-- 543
Amethystus (Anodon) Sowerby....--.---- 929 | Anodontoides Simpson.....--.------- 906, 514, 658
Amnicus (Unio) Rossmiissler.........-.-- 698 | Anodontoides (Unio) Lea.......-..-- 903, 509, 548
Ameoenus (Lampsilis) Lea ....--...-..-.-- 555 | Anodontoides (Unio) Reeve...-..-.:-.--- 544-
Amoenus (Margaron) Lea ......---:-..--- 5dp el AMOCdONtOpSis Sim psonlee sere ceereree 658-
/ANsaoKoevolbis){(\Upowke))) IUCEy Sea sasedsaeoscdsandoop 555 | Anserina (Margarita) Lea.......--.------ 924-
Amphichenus (Lampsilis) Frierson ..... 575 | Anserina (Margaron) Lea................ 924
Amphicheenus (Unio) Frierson ....--.... 575 | Anserinus (Anodon) Spix........---.-..- 924
Am plus) (Wimi oO) Mwealtesasseeciscsecereeeeeee 724 , Anserirostris (Anodonta) Kuster ........ 625-
Ampullaceus (Diplodon) Lea ............ 87 | Anthonyi (Margaron) Lea..........-.-.- 708-
Ampullaceus (Margaron) Lea.......-....- SEE | Not ovoyonyal (istic) ILE) Soccosasscocccocusss 708-
Ampullaceus (Unio) Lea......-.22.-..%.- 874 | Antiniloticus (Unio) Bourguignat .....-.- 861-
Amygdalonaias Crosse and Fischer ...-.. 604 | Antiochianus (Unio) Locard............- 689
Amygdalum (Lampsilis) Lea ...-......-- 561,562 | Antrosa (Amblema) Rafinesque ......-.- 744
Amygdaium (Margaron) Lea ..-......-.. 561 | Aperta (Anodonta) Rafinesque -........- 933
Amy odalume (WinioO)) Mea seesesss cee eases 561,569 | Apicinus (Lampsilis) Lea .........-...... 551
Anataria (Spatha) Jickeli....-........:.- 902 | Apicinus (Margaron) Lea ...........--.-- 551-
Anaticulus (Margaron) Lea............-. 7022 wApreinus! (Unio) eases eee eee eeeee dol
INakehaowVlis (Whiadwko)) ILE soo e ee guceusuauosee 752 | Apicellatus (Ptychorhynchus) Heude.... 851
Anatina (Anodonta) Draparnaud.......- 626 | Apicellatus (Unio) Heude........ eee 851
Anatinus (Anodonta) Sowerby.....-...-. 648 | Apiculata (Quadrula) Say-.--.-..-.=----- 778
Anatinus (Mytilus) Linneeus......-...--. 625 | Apiculatus asper (Unio) Pzetel........--- 776
Anceps (Nodularia) Deshayes.........-..- 814 | Apiculatus (Margarita) Lea...........-.- 778
Anceps (Unio) Deshayes ---.-..-.-.-...- 814 | Apiculatus (Margaron) Lea......-..-.--- 778
Anceyi (Brazzea) Bourguignat.......... 906,907 | Apiculatus (Unio) Lea ...--......------.- 778
Anceyi (Cameronia) Bourguignat ......- 909 | Aplatus (Diplodon) Reeve........----.-- 881
Anceyi (Grandidieria) Bourguignat ..... 829. | Aplatus (Unio) Reeves... 2- =. a-eea-n eee 881
Anceyi (Moncetia) Bourguignat ........- 901) AplodoniSpixeteee=-eeeeee eee eee eseceeee 910
Anceyi (Spatha) Bourguignat..........-. 898,901 | Apollonica (Anodonta) Bourguignat.... 648
Andersonensis (Unio) Lea ...-....-....-- 747s) Appius beaCheeraereseeeer cereeee teeters 583
Andersonianus (Unio) Nevill .......-..--- 812 | Appressa (Pleurobema) Lea......-------- 749
INDEX. 1001
Page. Page.
PAM GESSUS(Umi1O)) Weaee ee eieeie-teretelsie = 749 | Arietina (Chelidonopsis) Rochebrune.... 906
Apprimus (Diplodon) Lea..........------ 885 | Arkansasensis (Anodonta) Lea ........-- 617
Apprimus (Margaron) Lea...........---- 874 | Arkansasensis (Lampsilis) Lea........--- 557
ANjoyoribaayatsy (Wowie) IU bee sososeasoeesoses 874 | Arkansasensis (Strophitus) Conrad ...--. 617
Approximus (Lampsilis) Lea.......-..---- 537 | Arkansasensis (Unio) Lea....----...----- 557
Approximus (Margaron) Lea.....-.-.---- 537 | Armatus (Mycetopus) Heude .......-.... 656
ANjajoroparnen ots} (Wao) IUCE ee SeoeeoneecEobe BBi7/ ||) ARO DENBY (lUhouke)) (Corenpiel | Soeeacoseecases 545
Aquilus (Margaron) Lea .-....-..--.--.-- (2 eASCian (Unio) Elan Cyeeecseeese se seee aa 861
AAG WUNTS (OpswO)) IEE Abo eoascosseeoseeaeees 727 | Askewi (Quadrula) Marsh ............--- 735, 786
Aradess (Umno) Philip pies asses eee = 683 | Askewi (Unio) Marsh ...:-.....-..-.--..- 786
Araneosa (Zaira) Rochebrune --..-..-..--- 862 | Aspatharia Bourguignat ..........-.--.-- 901
PARAL US (Mar raArO Mn) edema eeeeeer cia (44 Asper (Marg anita) ueaieenass se ease eee eee 776
JNTENTS ((Whert@)) Clormhe:\6looeaseesssaeoosesees 706 | Asper (Margaron) Lea ..--..-----.------- 776
ANWDITUS (What) Ieee socosesseeessesoccosee (He, ||: INGjorere: (Oho vobewule))) Ibeeie Aaa a aecesoeeSase 776
Araucanus (Margaron) Lea ...--.....---. SISO) || ANgioere (Wioht@))) GER), se occesncosuaccouoscnseo 776
Araucanus (Unio) Philippi .............-. 880 | Asperatus (Margaron) Lea..........-.--- 780
Arceformis (Anodonta) Heude ......-.-. GiTaeASperaitusy CUMI1O) MCA seats ae eerie 780
Areczeformis (Margarita) Lea......--....-.- 519 | Asperrimus (Margarita) Lea ............. 7717
Areseformis (Margaron) Lea .....-.--.-.- 519 | Asperrimus (Margaron) Lea ..........--- 777
Arezeformis (Truncilla) Lea.:.........-.-- 519 | Asperrimus (Unio) Lea ......-...------.- 777
Aree LOnMI Ss (UO) Weaken tsa nella 519 | Asperula (Nodularia) Lea ..........---.- 81h,
ATOIGEaAG Stay Nol so aoaeaacoaaseecoace 506, 514,661 | Asperulus (Margaron) Lea.......-.--...-. 814
FACIGCOPSIS| SUM PSOM mee eerier eee HUG holo S61.) Alsperuiias: (Unio) Weais ees seen ela 814
ArconaiaComra den eene rea esne Hee 506, 515, 580,859 | Astierianus (Unio) Dupuy.-.-....-..--.--.- 692
Arctatus (Margarita) Lea ...........-...- lg) ZNiwere((WBhablo) ECE seasoocke dussosscocsaecne 568
Arctatus (Margaron) Lea ....--.- ena saes (alia We Aterk (Unio) Nil ssonys-sea-eee eee eee eee 697
Arctatus tortivus (Unio) Lea............. 720 | ANuere (haute) 1GVen Ae) semen spascadsoacedcasco 692
ANTECHEM DIS) (iano) ClooneVelo ee easencosesccors pe ee Actrarcas (WM10)P Swim SOM eee eee rice se 881
ATC LAGS (UNTO) HeTUSSa Cee )=tr=jeee/a\e-iel-i-1 OLS eAtira tay (Wm10) ES waimsonessseas-e mere eerie 574
Arenlor (Margarita) Wean ia cc. -snleise « 704 | Atratus (Unio) Sowerby-..2-----2..5---<5 881
Archon (Miargaron)) Wear ese erica eq loae 704 | Atrocostatus (Margaron) Lea ...-.-...-.. 768
ANseottilone ((WhavlO)) IUe2) Coc jedconbadoecensebe O45 Ato costatusi (Umi o) pease ais eerste 768
Arcuata (Alasmodonta) Barnes ....--.--. 676 | Atrocostatus (Umio) Reeve... 2.2.2.2... 5: 771
Arcuata (Anodonta) Hupé ........-.--.-- 915 | Atrocostatus (Unio) Sowerby..-...-.------ 769
Arcuata (Iridina) Potiez and Michaud .. 899 | Atromarginatus (Margaron) Lea.......-- 706
Arcuata (Margarita) Lea..........--.-... 899 | Atromarginatus (Plectomerus) Conrad... 706
Arcuata (Margaritana) Stimpson ........ 676 | Atromarginatus (Unio) Lea......:...---- 706
Arcuata (Margarom) lea .......-2..-.--.-- 899 | Atropurpureum (Alasmodon) Rafinesque. 672
ATOM, (Miyep) IBEWOMIS > coaoesessacbucene 676 | Atroviolacea (Obliquaria) Rafinesque.... 744
Arcuata (Spatha) Cailliaud .............. 899 | Atrovirens (Anodonta) Philippi-...--.--- 624, 93:
Arcuatus (Mycetopus) Fischer.........--. 656 | Atrovirens (Unio) Rossmassler.......--.- 698
Arcula (Alasmidonta) Lea ....-....-...-- 672 | Attenuata (Anodonta) Held...........-.- 623
Arcula (Alasmodonta) Clessin......-..--- 672 | Attenuata (Obliquaria) Rafinesque ....-- 744
Arcula (Baphia) H. and A. Adams.....-. 672) | eAttenuatus | (Umio) icamess= seers eres 736
Arcula (Margaritana) Lea.......-.--...-- 672 | Aubreyi (Anodon) Heude...-.-....--.---. 639
Arcuilan(Marearom))) Tea 2.52 92 2-2 =~ - 672 | Aucklandica (Unio) Gray ....-...-..----- 889
Arse@ouley (han) 1stewMENZ soe eeoaseaccspadece 672 | Aucklandicus (Margaron) Lea —........-. 889
Arcust (Mars aritay suedeererrn sce teessre 704 | Aurata (Anodonta) Kuster..........2.--- 637
ANOLE (MEME N CONN) IVE) Sosunseceseseesooes 704 | Auratus (Margarita) Lea................. 880
ANIROWIS: ({Wratko)) (Cloumeaoloe sosceccomsnosesses 704} Auratus (Margaron) Lea.......-....--.-- 880
Ardusianus (Unio) Moquin-Tandon...-.. 686m eAtaraihusy (Wii oO) Kester: ae nsee ee mei selearele 883
Arealis (Anodonta) Kuster.........-...-- 625) eAuratus) (Unio) Pihulippies see. a. ears 880
Arelatensis (Anodonta) Dupuy .-...-.--.- GOL |p Aivoey ores (Wienke) 1exenes cadnaconeqoaeecoccs 881
Aremprosthus (Unio) Locard............. 689 | Auratus (Unio) Sowerby .....--.---.----- 881
Areolatus (Anodon) Sowerby...--.--.--- 925 | Aurea (Margaritana) Petel.............- 836
Areolatus (Anodon) Swainson .........-- GIG eAtumear(@wadmuilay) leas ee se perettael eller 783
Argentea (Anodonta) Lea ..........-..-- 659 | Aureus (Anodonta) Peetel........-.-.--.- 648
Argentea (Margaron) Lea....--.-.--.---- 659 | Aureus (Diplodon) Simpson..-........---- 883
Argentea pannosa (Pleurobema) Simpson 763 | Aureus (Margaron) Lea...-...-..-------- 783
Argentea (Pleurobema) Lea.......----.-.- 760,763 | Aureus (Pseudodon) Heude....-....----- 836
Argenteus (Margaron) Lea..-...-....-..-- NGSmlpeNumeuss (Unio) wWuea ens near leeere eee aris 783
Argenteus (Strophitus) Conrad .......-.-- 659 | Auricularius (Unio) Spengler......-.----. 676, 678
ATS enceusk(Um1O) Geass eeeece eer ecee AOR. || Aavarores Sibsasoove sc sesoceseosocboocbecoacc 849
Argenteus (Unio) Sowerby...-..---.----- 749 | Aurorea (Parreysia) Heude..........---- 849
Argyratus (Lampsilis) Rafinesque.....-.- 577 | Auroreus (Unio) Heude..........-...-.-- 849
Arietina (Chelidonura) Rochebrune..... 906 | Australis (Diplodon) Lamarck ....-.-...- 890, 891
1002 INDEX.
Page. Page.
Australis (Hyridella) Swainson .....-..-- 891 | Batava (Mysea) Turton ....-...-......... 696
Australis (Lampsilis) Simpson ......-.--- 544 | Batavi (Unio) Rossmiissler............... 697
Australis legrandi (Diplodon) Petterd -.. 891 | Batavus (Margarita) Lea................. 697
Australis (Margarita) Lea ....-.........-. 891 | Batavus (Margaron) Lea.............-..- 697
Australis (Margaron) Lea ..........------ 891 | Batavus (Unio) Maton and Rackett.....- 513,
Auustralis\(Unio)pHamleyeeessss=-e eee ee 890 675, 677, 678, 681, 691, 696, 697
Aistralisi (Unio) Kuster eees ser seen eae 890 | Baumanni (Spatha) Sturany -............ 899
Australis (Unio) Lamarck.........-.----- 888 | Bazini (Quadrula) Heude.............--. 800
Aya (Monocondylea) Theobald.....-.---- 83 Jey vawovl (Wp) ISIGWC ococcnconcoosuesosec 800
Aya (Pseudodon) Theobald ......-.------ 839 | Beadleiana (Quadrula) Lea ........-.-.-. 784, 786
Avellana (Pleurobema) Simpson.....-.-- 758 | Beadleianus (Margaron) Lea...-.-..-.--- 786
Averillii (Unio) B. H. Wright...........--. 560 | Beadleianus (Unio) Lea........-.-..-.... 785
Averyi (Nephronaias) Lea ..........----- 593 | Bealei (Anodonta) Lea........-..--.----- 64h
ASyereval (Oia) WEEK coat esceccpemaeonesose 093) | Bealeig@iarganom) Wears eee es see eee eee 564, 645
Avicularis (Hyria) Lamarck .......-.---- Sal ||, sekeewlent ((IOfiouko)) OCH, soodecccsssa Bs Dees 564
Avicularis (Unio) Deshayes....-.-.------ 871 | Beaverensis (Margaron) Lea............- 724
Avicularis var. b. (Hyria) Lamarck....-... 870)" Beayerensisy (Unio) Wea nee aeee eee 724
Ayonensis (Anodonta) Moquin-Tandon.. 622 | Beccarianus (Unio) Tapperone-Canefri .. 851, 852
Avonensis (Mytilus) Montagu .....-.---- 622 | Beccarianus (Virgus) Tapperone-Canefri. 852
Avonensis (Mytilus) Turton ......-...--- 622), |; Bedmulllis (Unio) iMateseesseeeeeeeeeeereee 891
PASIACUIS) (Wla1O) uOCATCeneasas saaeeae teens 689 | Bellamyi (Nodularia) Jousseaume .-..--.. 822
Aztecorum (Lampsilis) Philippi.........- 672 | Bellamyi (Pharaonia) Jousseaume....... 822
Aztecorum (Margaron) Lea...--...-..... 572 | Bellamyi (Spatha) Jousseaume .......... 896
Aztecorum (Unio) Philippi .............. 572 | Bellua (Anodonta) Morelet .............. 584
Badium (Alasmodon) Rafinesque.-...--.. 673) 4) Bellual(Cristaria) Morele tees seeeee sees 58h
BaGdius) (Unio) PKoOkelieeees sees e eee 699) eB ellwlus| (Unio) plea ieeesss- seer eee eereee 746, 747
Bagdadensis (Margaron) Lea .....--.---- 822 | Benedictensis (Anodonta) Ferussac....-. 644
Bagdadensis (Nodularia) Bourguignat.-.. 822 | Benedictensis (Margarita) Lea..........- 644
Bagdadensis (Unio) Bourguignat .....-... 822 | Benedictensis (Margaron) Lea .......--.. 644
Bahiensis (Anodonta) Kuster....-...---- 925 | Benedictensis (Symphynota) Lea.....-.- 644
Bahiensis (Glabaris) von Ihering ........ 925 | Benedictii (Anodonta) Latchford ......-.. 644
Baikii (Spatha) H. Adams ......-...-...- 902.| Benedictii (Margaron) Lea............--- 644
Bairdianus (Margaron) Lea-....-..--.--.. 563 | Bengalensis (Anodon) Sowerby..--..-..- 832
Bairdianus (Unio) beass-2--2----- + -.- = 563 | Bengalensis (Margarita) Lea............. 832
Bakeri (Parreysia) H. Adams...-...-.---- 846 | Bengalensis (Margaron) Lea............. 832
Bakeri (Unio) H. Adams...............-- 846 | Bengalensis (Unio) Lea .........-..-..--- $82
Bakeri (Unio) von Martens ..........-..- 846 | Bensoni (Margaron) Lea.........-......- 656
Bakoyi (Nodularia) Rochebrune.....--.. 824, | Bensonianus (Mycetopus) Peetel ......... 656
Bakoyi (Unio) Rochebrune ....-.---.-..- 824 | Bergi (Anodonta) von Ihering ...--.....- 933
Baldwinensis (Margaron) Lea ......-..-- 723 | Beringiana (Anodonta) Middendorff .... 584, 628
Baldwinensis (Unio) Lea ......---.-..--- 723 | Berlandieri (Lampsilis) Lea...........--- 570.
Baletonicus (Unio) Kuster ..-............ 683 | Berlandieri (Margaron) Lea.....-...-..-- 570
Balonnensis (Unio) Conrad ..........-... 891 | Berlandieri (Unio) Lea ...-......-.-.222- 570
Balzani (Fossula) von Ihering -.....-.-.. 914 | Beskeanus (Diplodon) Dunker....-...-.. 875
Balzani (Iheringella) von Ihering -...... 914 | Beskeanus (Margaron) Lea .........-.--- 875
Balzani (Plagiodon) von Ihering ...--... 914 | Beskeanus (Unio) Dunker ..:_........-.. 875
Bambousearum (Anodon) Morelet....... 930 | Bhamoensis (Parreysia) Theobald ...-... 843
Bambousearum (Glabaris) Morelet ...--. 930 | Bhamoensis (Unio) Theobald ..........-. 843
BAG (Umi oO) PKeUstereee eee ee sees te 698 | Bialata (Barbala) Chenu .-......-..-.-.-- 584
Bandinii (Unio) Rossmissler......-....-- 686 | Bialata (Symphynota) Lea..........-...- o84
Baphia H.and A. Adams ....-.-......... 674) -Bialata)(Umio) Hanleyaesse see esseee eee 584
iBaphicwMeuschenteseaese esses ee ee 674 | Bialatus (Hyriopsis) Simpson .....--.-.-- 579
BarbalaraumphreySenseeeee sae sees 501,583 | Biangulata (Anodon) Sowerby....----..- 658
Barbata SOweL Over ce oe eee eae eee ee 583 | Biangulatus (Lampsilis) Lea..........--- 533
DotA ONO har GU o ota sana naraanoosee aaa sae 861 | Biangulatus (Margaron) Lea............. 533
Barnesiana (Pleurobema) Lea........--.- 761 |) Biangulatus) (Umio) eases essa asset 533
Barnesianus (Margarita) Lea ............ fol | Bi-caelatus (Unio) PReeves eee s seer eeees 548
Barnesianus (Margaron) Lea.........-..- 751 | Bicolor (Unio) Rafinesque -......-.------- 744
Barnesianus) (Unio) measesass-n ese ose 751 | Biemarginata (Truncilla) Lea ........... 52h.
Barrandii (Unio) Dupuy ..------.------.- 692 | Biemarginatus (Margaron) Lea ......-.--- 524
Barrattii (Margaron) Lea -......-....-.-- 726 | Biemarginatus (Unio) Lea ..........-.--- 524
Barra thin (Unio) gdieayaenssseeeee eee eees 726 | Biesiana (Parreysia) Heude...........-.- 850
Barrotti: (Unio) skeusterseeseeereeeceeea a= 735 | Biesianus (Unio) Heude .............--.- 850
Barrottis (Unio) sesetel teres sse see cae 726 | Bigbyana (Pleurobema) ........-----.--- 760
Basalish(Wnio) pba csseee see aac 724 | Bigbyensis (Pleurobema) Lea........---. 751
Batava (Mya) Maton and Rackett ....... 696 | Bigbyensis (Margaron) Lea .....-..-..... 752
INDEX. 1003
Page.
Bigbyensis (Unio) Lea .....-...---------- 7a1
Bigerrensis (Unio) Millet -............... 692
Bigibba (Anodon) Heude............-..- 638
Bigorrensis (Unio) Locard.........---...- 692
Bilineata (Margarita) Lea..........----.- 855
Bilineata (Symphynota) Lea..........--- 855
Bilineatus (Margaron) Lea.-.-......-.---- 855
Bilineatus (Unio) Hanley............-..- 855
Billotianus (Unio) Charmes-..--.......-- 847
Biloba (Epilobasma) Rafinesque......--. 744
BINGURUSHO MM SOMES see eyaee ee eioe selec 839
Binnmeya (Diplodon) Weass. 4. css s-- 878
Binneyie(Margsarom)) Wears. secnac- 0-1-1 878
Binmeyas (Wm1O) ewes cacaeee eaten cae 878
Binominatus (Lampsilis) Simpson -..-...-. 528
Birmanus (Unio) Hanley and Theobald . 845
Bischoffi (Unio) von Ihering............. 894
Bissellianus (Margaron) Lea.....--....--. 743
Bisselliiaaisy (WimI1O) | Weasels ral a= Th3
Biwe (Nodularia) Kobelt ......--...---2- 810
lerhye® (Wiewlo)) IXC OC GdosasausosecusenacEe 810
Blainvilleana (Anodon) Sowerby..-.---- 924
Blainvilleana (Anodonta) Lea........--- 914, 915
Blainvilleana (Columba) Clessin ....--..- 915
Blainvilleana, (Heila) Lea-..--:2-5------- 915
Blainvilleana (Margarita) Lea........-.. 915
Blainvilleana (Margaron) Lea........--- 915
Blandianus (Margaron) Lea ....--.------ 779
Blan ciamusy (Wmio) Wea eceae se aeclecea 778
Blandingianus (Margarita) Lea........-. 742
Blandingianus (Margaron) Lea .-....-.--- 742
Blandingianus (Unio) Lea ........---.--- 742
iBleaverensisi(WUmio)Pesetel seeeee see 724
Bloyeti (Spatha) von Martens ......-.-.--. 898
Bloyeti (Spathella) Bourguignat.......-.. 898
Bohmi (Nodularia) von Martens......... 823
Bohmi (Unio) von Martens ....--......-. 823
1sxov ht (imho) Chl scokeoaoseceousebesuesuacd 783
Bonelli (Anodon) Sowerby .......-..---- 654
Bonelli (Leguminaia) Westerlund -....-. 654
Bonelli (Margaritana) Kobelt...-.....--. 654.
Bonelli (Microcondylea) Clessin ....-.-. 654
Bonelli (Microcondylus) Drouet .......-. 654
Bonelli (Unio) Rossmassler -..........-.- 653
Bonellii (Baphia) H.and A. Adams .....- 653
Bonellii (Margarita) Lea...........-.-... 653
Bonellini(Margaron)) Wears. 2-. ss ssseee 653
Bonneaudi (Margaron) Lea .......-.....- 814
Bonneaudi (Nodularia) Eydoux ....-..--. 813
Bonneaudi (Unio) Eydoux..-............. 813
Bonplandi (Unio) Valenciennes ......... 884
Borealis (Lampsilis) Gray..........-.---- 585
1siOIRSHU LIS ((\WtebKO))) EsehYsgaacdecoccsoocssades 535
Borellii (Nodularia) Ancey ..........---- 823
Borel (Unio) FAM Ceyjeace- sees eee SRE 823
Borneensis (Ctenodesma) Issel......-..:- 853
Borneensis (WUmio)) Issel -222 5222-2 -42--2- 852, 853
Bourguignati (Brazzea) Bourguignat.... 907
Bourguignati (Burtonia) Bourguignat... 578
Bourguignati (Cameronia) Bourguignat - 909
Bourguignati (Chambardia) ............-. 902
Bourguignati (Grandidieria) Joubert .... 829
Bourguignati (Leguminaia) Locard ..... 6951
Bourguignati (Mutela) Bourguignat..... 904,
Bourguignati (Pharaonia) Rochebrune. . 821
Bourguignati (Pleiodon) Bourguignat... 909
Page.
Bourguignati (Pseudospatha) Bourgui-
OMAG ete Heelocicare aera Hee a SER Sree Sanne 578
Bourguignati (Spatha) Bourguignat..... 898
Bourguignati (Spathella) Bourguignat .. 898
Bourguignati (Unio) Landran ........... 821
Bourguignatianus (Margaron) Lea ...... 687
Bourguignatianus (Unio) Lea............ 687
Bournianus (Margaron) Lea ............. TAT
Bournianus (Pleurobema) Lea........... TLV
Bournianus) (Unio), Leae-2----.2----2--.-- 747
IsxOUHyeiat ((Oabko)) Whale ce oceoeceogecdsaGs 814
Boydianus (Margaron) Lea .............-. 536
TSO NShEH AUOIS) (Wha) IVEHSebdecaosooces scone 536
Boykiniana (Quadrula) Lea.........-.... 770
Boykinianus (Margaron) Lea............ 770
Boykinianus (Plectomerus) Conrad...-.- 770
Boykimiamusy (Unio) Weaeas: esses eee 770
Bracteatus (Lampsilis) Gould...........-. 543
Bracteatus (Margaron) Lea ...-......-..-. 543
Bracteatus| (Umi ©) (Gould eese arse eser ses 543
Brandti (Anodonta) Drouet.......-..-.-.- 648
Brandtii (Nodularia) Kobelt............. 810
JayRaChadl((Ohailo)) ION Sepsasescoesaccosp 810
Brazosensis (Margaron) Lea .........-..- 768
iBrazoOsensisy (Unio) sWeadeesseee aes aeee ene 768
Brazzea Bourguignat ._...........--- 506, 515, 906
Brevialisi(Umio) i Crouchee sense. seen eee 792
Brevialis (Unio) Lamarck..:.........-... 691
Brevialis (Unio) Sowerby ..:-......--.--- 602
Breviculus brittsi (Lampsilis) Simpson .. 533
Breviculus (Lampsilis) Call............:-. 533
JsREnAKOLUHLKS (habia) CENN s cocaadadcaasasene 533
Brevidens (Margarita) Lea.............-- 517
Brevidens (Margaron) Lea ..-..-....-.... 517
Brevidens (Truncilla) Lea..............- Be
IBrevidenss (Wm10) bearer eases eee 517
IBTeVALOStris) (UNIO) Kuster = seen soseeeeeae 700
Brevis (Anodon) Sowerby.....-.-...----.- 32
Brevis (Pleurobema) Lea.........--2-...- 763
Brevis subelliptica (Pleurobema) Simpson 763
IRSA (Wha) USE saoasdsoesascssoacoases 763
Bridgesii (Anodonta) Lea.......--.-..--- 926
Bridgesiin(Glabaris) Mucameesseeeeeeeeters 26
Bridgesii (Margaron) Lea.......---...... 927
Bridouxi (Brazzea) Bourguignat......-. 907
Bridouxi (Burtonia) Bourguignat......-. 578
Bridouxi (Cameronia) Bourguignat ..... 909
Bridouxi (Moncetia) Bourguignat ...-..-.. 901
Bridouxi (Mutela) Bourguignat........-.. 903
Bridouxi (Unio) Bourguignat.........--. 861
Brimleyi (Unio) S. H. Wright -.........-. 720
Brittsi (Lampsilis) Simpson.........--..-. BBB
Broti (PRarreysia) Deshayes =... -2.5.22-2- 847
Brot (Uno) ED eshayesseeneaseseeee seers 847
Browniana (Triquetra) H.and A. Adams. 872
Brownianus (Margarita) Lea............. 871
Brownianus (Margaron) Lea........-:.--- 872
Brownianus (Prisodon) Lea..........-..-. S71
Brownianus (Unio) Lea................-. 871
Brownil (Diplodon) Lea ...........--..--- S76
Brownii (Margaron) Lea .......-..--..--. 876
BLO WAG (Wn1O) UCAS sacle s ee eee eee eee 87
Bruguierianus (Margaron) Lea.......----. 694
Bruguierianus (Unio) Bourguignat ...-.. 694
Brumbyana (Pleurobema) Lea........--. 760
Brumbyanus (Margaron) Lea ....---..--- 760
1004
Brumbyanus (Unio) Lea ..........--.-.--
Brumleyanus (Unio) Lea...--...-.--..---
Buchanensis (Anodonta) Lea........--..
Buchanensis (Margarita) Lea ....--..---.
Buchanensis (Margaron) Lea ........-...
Buckleyi (Margaron) Lea .......,.....--.-
Buckleyi orcutti (Unio) S. H. Wright ....
Buckleyi (Unio) Lea ......... 504, 712, 713,
Buddianus (Margaron) Lea .......-.---.--
Buddianus) (Unio) Plea saeee see. sees a
Bulbosa (Pleurobema) Lea......-...--.--
Bulbosus (Margaron) Lea....--..---------
Bulloosus: (Unio) Muea setae e eet oetepelciee
Bullata (Obliquaria) Rafinesque -......-.
Bullatus prasinus (Unio) Peetel.....-....-
Bullatus schoolecraftensis (Unio) Peetel...
Bullatus|(Umio)iConradsees sesso cee
BullellagSimpsoneseses secre cer eee eee ee.
Bulloides (Diplodon) Lea .........---.--.
Bulloides (Margaron) Lea........--------
‘Bullordes!@Umio) Peas saese eee eee cee
Bulloideus Simpson yesecee rae see ee eeee
Burkensis (Margaron) Lea...--..--------
Burkensis)(UWmI1O) Mea ees. ccccne asec
Burmanus (Parreysia) Blanford...-......
Burmanus (Unio) Blanford ...-...-.--..-
Burroughiana (Anodonta) Chenu........
Burroughiana (Anodonta) Lea....--....-
Burroughianus (Diplodon) Lea ...--......
Burroughianus (Margarita) Lea....-....-
Burroughianus (Margaron) Lea.-.-.....--.
Burroughianus (Unio) Lea..............-
Bursa-pastoris (Quadrula) B. H. Wright.
Bursa-pastoris (Unio) B. H. Wright....--.
Burtchianus (Unio) §. H. Wright...-...-.-
Burtoni (Grandidieria) Woodward .......
Burtoni insignis (Grandidieria) Bourguig-
ITC ae RAD RSE OO SSBB CRS Tors a Sen eeee
Burton (Margarom) bea: 2-222 esccos see
Burtoni servainiana (Grandidieria) Bour-
UND TN eh GN apa ota Sea ae
Burtoni servainiana (Unio) von Martens.
Burtoni smithi (Unio) von Martens......
Burtoni sturanyi (Grandidieria) yon Mar-
Burtoni sturanyi (Unio) von Martens....
Butomig (W010) Smiths seee seen eee:
Burtoni (Unio) Woodward ...............
Burtonia Bourguignat................2...
Buschiana (Monodontina) Conrad.......
Buxeusi(largarom)Wweaeeenesessceseceece
ISSUE) (haw) UCL cacogaudsaseadcuouuste
Buxtoni (Unio) B. H. Wright....:........
Bythinicus (Unio) Kobelt................
IBiyssSanOd Oma aese see eee ee eee ee eas
Cacaon (Margao) Wea ees sees sce
(CEKGENO), (Whablo))) We) aa ar Gudodaoecbacodcesese
Celata (Micromya) Conrad ..............
Cela tira ase epee ee etn sen Ns Ase soi
Celatus (Margarita) Lea....-............
Celatus (Margaron) Lea .................
Cxlatus (Unio) Comrades sessee eee
Cerulea (Nodularia) Lea......-..-.-..-..
Ceeruleus (Margarita) Lea................
INDEX.
Page. Page.
760 | Ceeruleus (Margaron) Lea ...............- 811
760 | Ceeruleus (Mycetopus) Heude............ 656
659s Cceruleusi(Umio) sbearsases esse eeeeeeeeee 811
659 | Caffer africana (Nodularia) Lea.......... 825
6595)" Catter (Mare aron)Pleaeenas-aseepeeeaeere 825
713 | Caffer (Nodularia) Krauss......... ...... 824, 825
(ass || Cenawese ((WhoWo)) gM. oecocsasScoososedcc 824, 825
719,857 | Caffer vaalensis (Nodularia) Chaper ..... $25
TSW | CATE TIA STAD SO Meee sees ee eee 82h,
713 | Cahabensis (Quadrula) Lei .-.....-.-...- 782
759 | Cahabensis (Unio) Lea................-.- 782
759 | Caillaudi (Spatha) von Martens.......... 896
709 | Cailliaudii (Anodonta) Lea.........-...- 918
744 | Cailliaudii (Margarita) Lea.............. 812
779 | Cailliaudii (Margaron) Lea ....:.......-. 812, 918
780 | Caipira (Diplodon) yon Ihering.......... 877
779 | Caipira (Unio) von Ihering .............. 877
672 | Calathus (Nodularia) Bourguignat...._.. 82h,
887 | Calathus (Unio) Bourguignat ............ 824
887 | Calceola (Alasmidonta) Lea.............. 667, 668
887 | Calceola (Baphia) H. and A. Adams..... 668
887 | Calceola (Margarita) Lea .........2...... 668
730 | Calceola (Margaritana) Kuster........... 668
730 | Calceola (Margaron) Lea................. 668
845 | Calceolus (Strophitus) Conrad ........... 668
845) 5) Callceolus\(Umio) eden h eee eee 667, 668
926 | Caldwellii (Margaron) Lea.-........2.... 593
832 | Caldwellii (Nephronaias) Lea........ Seis 593
883 | Caldwellii (Unio) Lea.......-............ 593
883 | Calendis (Unio) Rafinesque -...........-. 744
883 | Californiensis (Anodonta) Lea........... 629
883 | Californiensis (Margaron) Lea........... 629
791 | Caliginosus (Margaron) Lea.............. 547
791 | Caliginosus (Unio) Lea................--- 547
715 | Calimatarum (Nephronaias) Morelet..... 596
§28 | Calimatarum (Unio) Morelet............. 596
Calipygos (Anodonta) Kobelt ..........-- 641
828 | Callifera (Anodonta) von Martens ....... 648
828 | Calliscapha Swainson ...................- 902
828 | Callista (Grandidieria) Bourgnignat ..... 829
Callonaia Simpson.........-...... 506, 507, 515, 867
§28 | Callosa (Anodonta) Kuster............... 625
823) ||sCallosusi(@Mfarearon)) ea 2255. ee 701
829 a eCallosusi(Umilo) Nkeayssee aes ease ee 701
| Cambodgensis (Margaron) Lea..........- 838
§28 | Cambodgensis (Monocondylea) Petit.... 838
825 | Cambodgensis (Pseudodon) Petit ........ 838
829 | Cambodiensis (Margaron) Lea ...-....... 831
827,828 | Cambodiensis (Physunio) Lea........._.. 831
577 | Cambodiensis (Unio) Lea .............--- 831
836 | Cambojensis (Pseudodon) Morelet....... 581
708 | Cambojensis (Unio) Sowerby.-..-..------ 581, 819
708 | Camelopardalis (Unio) Sowerby....------ 042
719 | Camelopardilis (Lampsilis) Lea.......... 542
695 | Camelopardilis (Margaron) Lea.-......... 542
501 | Camelopardilis (Unio) Lea...-..-. ye ateare Soak 542
785 | Camelus (Margarita) Lea .........-...... 613
785 | Camelus (Margaron) Lea.......-2:2..--2: 613
525 | Camelus) (Unio) eante ase re ee eeeeeeereee 612
862 | Cameronia Bourgnigmat.2.--.-2-2-2222--- 909
820; ||) Campsianusi(Umio) meatless -eeeee eee 822
526 | Camptodon (Margarita) Lea ...........-- 740
526 | Camptodon (Margaron) Lea ........-.-.- 740
525 | Camptodon (Unio) Say........-.--------- 740
811,812 | Canadensis (Margaron) Lea......-..--.-.- 527
Sills Canadensis (Unio) Muenster seeeeeeeraers 527
INDEX. 1005
Page Page
Canefrianus (Lamellidens) Simpson ....- 857 | Castelnaudi (Prisodon) Hupe.....-...-.. 871
CEiaulanieley Si\yehbokiool. obeaacsesoscodesesoce 680,738 | Castelnaudii (Columba) Clessin.........- 915
Capax (Lampsilis) Green.........--....-- 629,530 || Castus) (Margaron) ea..-.2..-.-.2...--- 708
Canara (Marerarom))plieae se sten seer) eral SEO) OBIMDIE) (Wienke) Ibe coodcadaccesseaocdae 708
CEjoaixs (iano) Cinsenl. oooob seosugeerscosose 629 | Cataracta (Anodonta) Say __._........... 630, 631
Caperatus (Dromus) Lea ........-..------ 615 | Cataracta (Unio) Deshayes.............-. 631
Caperatus (Margaron) Lea .............-- 615 | Cataractus (Mytilus) Eaton .............. 6381
Caperatusn(Umio)ed 2225-2 ss2- eee ee eee 615 | Catawbensis (Margaron) Lea ............ 725
Capigliolo bondini (Unio) Peetel ........- 685 | Catawbensis (Unio) Lea..........-....... 725
Capigliolo (Unio)! Kuster: --:2.--2-..------ 6993 nCaitillusi(Umio)s Conrad aeee ns 2222. see. 789
Capigliolo (Unio) Payraudeau ........-.. 685 | Catilus (Unio) B. H. Wright......__...... 789
Cayjonilllarens (Wiakio)) Joey Ssocssoceoudseoosade 522, | Caudatus (Unio) Wagner.............___- 871
Crajauilliltuiss. (Wino) Stir Gocaoccoedoacesedosnue 525 | Caudiculatus (Hyriopsis) von Martens... 581
Capitatus (Cuneopsis) Heude --..-..-:..-- 805m Caudieulatus Sim psoneseene=2ssess ees 581
Capitatus (Unio) Heude.-..--..-.....-.--- 805 | Caudiculatus (Unio) von Martens...-.... 581
Capseeformis (Margarita) Lea ..........--. 524 | Caveata (Quadrula) Heude .............. S01
Capszeformis (Margaron) Lea ....---.---- 6247) Caveatus (Unio), Heude.- 5... 2-2... 801
Capseeformis (Truncilla) Lea...-......-.- 524 | Cellensis (Anodonta) C. Pfeiffer ......_.. 622
Capseeformis (Unio) Lea-....-------.----- 524 | Cellensis (Anodonta) Kobelt............. 640
Carbonarius (Margarita) Lea..-.......... 701 | Cellensis beringiana (Anodonta) Schréter 628
Carbonarius semigranosus (Unio) Peetel.. 702 | Celtiformis (Cuneopsis) Heude........... S05
Carbonarivsi(Umi0) eas. s---22-2-oe eee 701 | Celtiformis (Unio) Heude____-_.......... 804, 805
Cardiacea (Unio) Deshayes ____....------ 789 | Cerina (Quadrula) Conrad ............... 787
Cardiacea (Unio) Guerin............--.-- (90m | ECexrinuws: (Unio) \Conradiess=eeeeease eee 787
Cardium occidens (Unio) Peetel .-......-- 527 | Chaiziana (Anodonta) Rang ............- 896
Cardiumy (Unio) KConnadea- 222-2 e se 527 | Chaiziana (Margarita) Lea............... 897
Cardium ventricosus (Unio) Peetel ....--. 527 | Chaiziana (Margaron) Lea......__....... 897
Carinata (Anodonta) Dunker ......__-_-- 933 | Chaiziana (Spatha) H.and A. Adams ____ 897
Carinaital (Miya) pMatomeees sea cceee a scecrel= 539 | Chaiziana (Spatha) Rang .=............- 896
Carinata (Solenaia) Heude_____..-...---- 657 | Chalcoensis( Anodonta) Crosse and Fiseher 63
Carinatus (Mycetopus) Heude .__--..___- 657 | Chambardia Bourguignat................ 902
Carimaius@Wnio) Barnes ye haa see ee 539 | Chamberlainia Simpson...... 505, 506, 511, 514, 582
Carinifera (Anodonta) Conrad......_-_-- 588 | Chantrei (Anodonta) Bourguignat....... 648
Carinifera (Pilsbryoconcha) Conrad .___- 588 | Chantrei (Leguminaia) Locard .......... 651, 653
Carinifera (Unio) Lamarck .............. 721 | Chantrei (Monocondylea) Petel......... 651
Carinthiacus (Unio) Rossmiissler.......-. 698 | Chantrei (Pseudodon) Locard............ 653
Cariosa (Anodonta) Kuster ......-......- 6258 Chantril (Unio) wocandae ss as ae 689
Cariosa (Lampsilis) Stimpson ___________- 529 | Chapalensis (Anodonta) Crosse and
Caniosay (Miya) ebatomieesesece se eceeee eee 529 THUS CIO Titsy ater ascren cease ee tac pics SU 2 aE Cay oe 6320
Cariosay (Unio) plamanrck es eee pees. 671 | Chaperi (Pseudodon) de Morgan......... S38
Cariosusi(Wamipsilis) Say .--.222---------. 28 | Chaperi (Pseudodus) de Morgan ____..... 838
Cariosus (Margarita) Lea--...--..-------- 529 | Charbonnieri (Brazzeea) Bourguignat.... 907
Cariosus' (Margaron), Lea:.....----------- 529 | Charbonnieri (Cameronia) Bourguignat - 909
Carilosusi (WMO)! Saye ase eee eect 528 | Charbonnieri (Unio) Bourguignat ______. 821
Carneusi(Umio)-Kousterisa-s-eeh een soe 696 | Charlottensis (Margaron) Lea-....--...---. 663
Carolinensis (Castalia) Sowerby...-.------ 864 | Charlottensis (Symphynota) Lea____.____ 663
Carolinensis (Unio) Bose.-...--...-------- 741 | Charlottensis (Unio) Lea................. 663
Carthagena (Anodonta).....-.-.-.------- 922 | Charpentieri (Anodonta) Kuster...._.... 625
Carunculina Simpsons s=.2seessseee eee 563 | Charruana (Unio) d’Orbigny....--....--. 876
Casablancee (Margaron) Lea ..-..--...--- 882 | Charruanus (Diplodon) d’Orbigny....-.- S76
Caseeblanese (Diplodon) Philippi---.....-- 882 || Charruanus (Margarita) Lea .......---..- 876
Caszeblanez (Unio) Philippi -__....-..-.. 882 | Charruanus (Margaron) Lea ...--.-..-..--. 877
Cagiabla IDAs = coccoucachosecneode sods 863 | Chathamensis (Margaron) Lea..-...-.--. 727
Castaliellar Simpson ae ssa eee eae 866 | Chathamensis (Unio) Lea .........-.-..-.. 727
Castalina yon Ihering.... 506, 515, 865, 866, 867,869 | Chattanoogaensis (Margaron) Lea...-..-.- 753
Castanea (Anodon) Heude.._._._-.-....-. 688 | Chattanoogaensis (Pleurobema) Lea-..... 753
Castanea (Obovaria) Lea.__-_....-.--.--- 602 | Chattanoogaensis (Unio) Lea .....-.----. 753
Castaneus (Margarita) Lea..-..-...-.-.-. 602 | Cheeziana (Anodon) Sowerby...---.--.--- 932
Castameus (Margaron)) lea ---.22-.2-2---- 602 | Chelidonura Rochebrune........-..-..-.- 906
Castaneus (Obovyaria) Lea.-.........----- COME NChelidonopsistAmceyes 5 eee eae o 506, 515, 90
Castaneuss (Wii o) ieee eae eee eee 602 | Chickasawhensis (Margaron) Lea....-.... 785
Castaneus (Unio) Rafinesque-.....--..--.- 744 | Chickasawhensis (Quadrula) Lea....-.... 785
Castelnaudi (Anodon) Sowerby...--.---- 915 | Chickasawhensis (Unio) Lea.....-....-.- 785
Castelnaudi (Anodonta) Hupé.....---.-. 928 | Childreni (Diplodon) Gray....--.....-..- $33
Castelnaudi (Hyria) Hupé .....-..---.... 871 | Childreni (Margarita) Lea ..-...-.-.--..-.- 883
Castelnaudi (Leila) Hupé .......-.----... 915 | Childreni (Margaron) Lea...........--.. 883
1006 INDEX.
Page. Page.
Childreni (Unio) Grays sees ecee 883 | Coarctata (Anodonta) Potiez and Mi-
Childreni (Unio) Hanley-........---.-.-. 534 OE HUKG ASBMB CAS SR Homa pees See ee 623
Chilensis (Diplodon) Gray ...........---- 880 | Coarctata (Unio) Lamarck ...-...-....... 721
Chilensis (Unio) Gray....-...-...-..----- 880 | Coccinea paupercula (Quadrula) Simpson. 789
Chiloénsis (Diplodon) Kuster ....-.....-- 882 | Coccinea (Quadrula) Conrad........-.--- 788
Chiloénsis (Unio) Kuster.........--.----- 882 | Coccineus (Margarita) Lea............-... 789
Chinensis (Anodonta) Kuster.....-...--- 833 | Coccineus (Margaron) Lea..-...-.....-... 789
Chinensis (Anodonta) Peetel ......-.-.--- 648 | Coccineus (Unio) Conrad ................ 7388
Chinensis leevis (Parreysia) Heude.....-. 850 | Cochlearis (Anodon) Sowerby....--.----- 648
Chinensis (Margaron) Lea ......--------- 850 | Cocoduensis (Unio) Reeve ............--- 547
Chinensis (Parreysia) Lea.......-.-.-.--- 8500) Coelestisi@imicdina) Wears sesese sere ee eee 905
Chinensis squammosus (Parreysia) Coelestisi(Platinis)leateeees-eseeeeeee eee 905
ICU CO Raespect eae a teens ne eels Bishi Ne 850 | Cognata (Anodon) Gould ................ 628, 629
ClainerAeS (WiMko)) Ibs Ssocsoecsaousceodas 850 | Cognata (Plagiola) Lea ......-........... 606 -
Chiniana (Anodon) Heude...........---- 639 | Cognatus (Margaron) Lea...-- Mea ose 606
Chiquetana (Anodon) d’Orbigny .-.....-. 928) |) | Cognatus) (Unio) Wealleetereeees=eeeeeeeee 604, 606
Chiloreusi(Wmio)Heude yee sae see 808 | Colchaguensis (Unio) Philippi ........... 882
Chloris (Unio) Rafinesque........-..-.--- 744 | Colletopterum Bourguignat...... 506, 518, 514, 649
Chunit(Margaron)\Wealssss ss. se- soe 787 | Collina (Alasmidonta) Conrad........... 669
Chumiil(Q@uadrulla)Mbeatssssecesese oo ees 787 | Collinus (Margaron) Lea................. 669
Chunilig@Winio) pW eaereseeoseeee eee ee ee 78%, | Collimusi (Unio) (Conradieas-esseeeeeeeeee 669
Churchillianus (Unio) Bourguignat...... 650 | Coloradoensis (Lampsilis) Lea ........... 568
Churchillianus (Unio) Sowerby...-.-.-.--- 650 | Coloradoensis (Margaron) Lea........... 568
Cicatricosa (Pleurobema) Say.....-----.- 765 | Coloradoensis (Unio) Lea ................ 568
CriGHInACOSwS (MUiaO)) Shy gsescoccugdasonace 765 | Coloratus (Unio) Charpentier.........._. 700
Cicatricosus yaricosus (Unio) Peetel....-. sey || Chollwhan) ob) IVES senodacccmoudesoosocaceeoses » 914
Ciconia (Anodon) Sowerby..:....--.----- 926 | Columbensis (Margaritana) Lea ......... 673
Ciconia (Anodonta) Gould.....____.-.--- 924,926 | Columbensis (Margaron) Lea ............ 741
Cicuri(Margaron))Weasees=seeeesa ee eeee 742 | Columbensis (Unio) lea... 2222-2525 2a Vga
Oheuiy (Uiatto)) 1H scoouoowoooscoscudedoede 742 | Columbiensis (Unio) Peetel......2........ TAL
Cilicia (Anodonta) Kobelt !._._........-. 627 | Compactus (Margaron) Lea.............. 518
Cincinnatiensis (Margaron) Lea ......... SOB MCompacrusy (Um o) ears sees 518
Cincinnatiensis (Unio) Lea............-.. 523 | Complanaria Swaimson....-....-....-2--- 662
Cinerescens (Toxolasma) Rafinesque ..-. 744 | Complanata (Alasmodonta) Barnes...... 665
Cinnamomicus (Margaron) Lea..-....... 758 | Complanata (Anodonta) Rossmiissler .... 625, 626
Cinnamomicus (Unio) Lea ............... 758 | Complanata (Baphia) H.and A. Adams... 666
Circulus) (Margarita) leas. 235-2 ssc e ee 600 | Complanata (Cameronia) Bourguignat .. 910
Circullus|(Margaron)Meeascane eee eeeeee 600 | Complanata (Complanaria) Conrad....-. 666
Circulus (Obovaria) Lea.........2......-. 600 | Complanata (Hyria) Hupé............... 870
Circulus (Unio) Lea ..-.....--...--.-. 599,600,601 | Complanata Katherine (Symphynota) Lea 666
Cixcumacthusi(Unio)Weadeeesasee se ceeset 750 | Complanata (Margarita) Lea............. 666
Cirratus); (Unio) bea aes see eee eee eee eee 725 | Complanata (Margaritana) Calkins ...... 666
Cistelliformis (Margaron) Lea............ 716 | Complanata (Margaritana) Westerlund.. 677
Cistelliformis (Unio) Lea..............-.. 716 | Complanata (Mutelina) Jousseaume ..... 900
Claibornensis (Lampsilis) Lea............ 537 | Complanata (Mya) Dillwyn.............. 720
Claibornensis (Margarita) Lea ........_.. 537 | Complanata (Mya) Eaton ................ 665
Claibornensis (Margaron) Lea ........... 537 | Complanata (Spatha) Jousseaume........ 900
Claibornien'sis! (Umi) Wearsesseceseneeeee 537 | Complanata (Symphynota) Barnes...._.. 665
Clappertoni (Anodonta) Koenig.......... 896 | Complanata (Unio) Hanley .............. 666
Clarkianus (Lampsilis) Lea ...........-.. 532 | Complanatus jejunus (Unio) Lea ........ 795
Clarkianus (Margaron) Lea -............. 532 | Complanatus (Margarita) Lea...........- 721
Clanlilamnss((Wmio) Mea was hee ae ea 532 | Complanatus (Margaron) Lea............ 721
Clava (Pleurobema) Lamarck.... 509,510,745,746 | Complanatus (Prisodon) Hupé........... S70
Clava (Unio) slam ar cles ee eer ee 745 | Complanatus quadrilaterus (Unio) Lea .. 725
Clayus|(Marcaritay eealsasss estan e 746 | Complanatus (Unio) Dillwyn .... 677, 720, 725, 728
Clawuis7 (Mansanom)) Mee ayesaseecassceae eee 746 | Complanatus (Unio) Middendorff........ 677
CllenAbls)(Wiigelo)) IR@EWE as eocaosadadoousccade 746 | Compressa (Alasmodonta) Menke........ 65
Clessini (Glabaris) Fischer -......-.-..... 930,932 | Compressa (Anodonta) Menke ........... 626
Clessini (Mycetopus) Fischer.........-... 930 | Compressa (Complanaria) Conrad .....-- 662
Cliffordiana (Obliquaria) Rafinesque ....- 744 | Compressa (Margaron) Lea.............-- 588
Clinchensis (Margaron) Lea ......-...... 748 | Compressa (Microcondylea) Petel.....-. 662
Clinchensis;(Winio) bea seers eee ae 748 | Compressa (Monocondylea) Lea......... 588
Clintonensis (Ptychobranchus) Simpson. 6138 | Compressa plebia (Symphynota) C. B.
Cliome:Gistelesasseaisecen oe saeco eee 583 AGES ree Bee eee eee eee eee 663
Coarctata (Anodonta) Anton.......:...--. 630 | Compressa (Pseudodon) Conrad ......-.- 588
Compressa (Spatha) Peetel ......-...----
Compressa (Spatha) von Martens .......
Compressa (Symphynota) Lea........---
Compressissimus (Margaron) Lea...-...-
Compressissimus (Unio) Lea .....-....--
Compressus (Margarita) Lea ..........--
Compressus (Unio) Conrad...........---
Compressus (Unio) Heude......-...-.-.--
Comptus (Unio) Deshayes and Jullien...
Conasaugensis (Pleurobema) Lea...-.--
Conasaugeensis (Unio) Lea.........--.--
Concavus (Margaron) Lea......-...--..-
ChomG@anls ((WiovIO)) WEE Shao aseseuconseebos
Concestator (Lampsilis) Lea ...-....----
Concestator (Margaron) Lea........---.
@oncestator (Unio) Wear. 23.2225... --
Conecolor (Margaron) Lea ........-----...
Coimeoloe (Whale) Ie Seesancoqceuneeueaes
Confertus (Margarita) Lea ............--
Confertus (Margaron) Lea ......-...----
(CommiSimrisiss ((WiavIO)) 6 sooeosoasedoogeoaboadse
Conferiush(Umio)) Wea eee er eee ence
Confragosa (Alasmodonta) Say ...-.-.---
Confragosa (Baphia) H.and A. Adams...
Confragosa (Margarita) Lea........-----
Confragosa (Margaritana) Calkins.....-.
Confragosa (Margaron) Lea........-----
Confragosa (Unio) Deshayes.......--.--
Confragosus (Arcidens) Say.....--..----
Confusa (Anodon) Heude..........-..--
Congareeus (Margarita) Lea......--..---.
Congareeus (Margaron) Lea..........---
@ongareeusi(Wmio)) Wears. seen ton oma
Conjugans (Tritogonia) B. H. Wright ....
Conjugans (Unio) B. H. Wright ...-....-
Conjungens (Arconaia) Heude......-.--
Connasaugeensis (Margaritana) Lea.....
Connasaugeensis (Margaron) Lea ....---
Connasaugensis (Strophitus) Lea......-
Connasaughensis (Unio) Sowerby-....---
Connesaugensis (Margaritana) Clessin-.
Conradianus (Margaron) Lea ........-.--
Conradianus (Unio) Lea .....--.-......-
Conradicus (Margarita) Lea.........-...
Conradicus (Margaron) Lea.............
Conradicus (Medionidus) Lea ......--.-.
Conradicus (Unio) Conrad -............-
@onradicus; (Unio) Weare 2e 2s. 25 25 -
Consanguineus (Margaron) Lea......-..
Consanguineus (Unio) Lea..-.........-.
Consentaneus (Unio) Rossmiissler ....--
Consobrinus (Lamellidens) Lea.....-...
Consobrinus (Unio) Hanley and Theobald
Consoprimiucy CWmio) wea sss serene
Conspicuusi(Unio) Wea ses sees aee
Constrictus (Lampsilis) Conrad ...--..-.
Constrictus (Margaron) Lea.........--..
Constrictus (Unio) Conrad ..........-.--
Contiguus (Margaron) Lea..........:.--
Contiguusi (Unio) sWearesasesssecee eee
Contorta (Burtonia) Bourguignat.......
Contorta (Hyria) Sowerby -...-..-.---.--
Contorta (Margaron) Lea ........-....--
Contortay(Eiriquetra) Moca ses eee se 4-1
Contortus conjungens (Unio) Heude....
INDEX. 1007
Page. bage.
588 | Contortus muticus (Unio) Heude......... 860
8408) Contortus (Unio) Heude-2:-22-5.-.-.-..- 860
662 | Contractus (Margaron) Lea...._......... 722
618 | Contractus (Unio) Lea -.................. 722
613 | Contradens (Margarita) Lea.............. 817
663 | Contradens (Margaron) Lea..........._-- 817
662 | Contradens (Nodularia) Lea -............ 817
851 | Contradens (Unio) Lea................... 817
858 | Contrarius (Unio) Conrad................ 537, 733
763 | Contrarius (Lampsilis) Conrad........... 537
163))\(Contritus (Unio) Heudessaa-2.2. 22-225. 801
ool) | Conus) (Unio) Spenglerisnsse- esse sss e- 682, 744
561 | Cooperiana (Quadrula) Lea ............-- 781
548 | Cooperianus (Margarita) Lea ............. 781
548 | Cooperianus (Margaron) Lea..........-.. 781
5489) Cooperianus;(Umio) eases =22 5) se see. 781
760), Copei- (Marngaron)) ears2 222.228 aes 549
AID), Cloyne (CUsmmo)) WEBS sc caSo ose odoucacdaeuune 549
Tals Clove (Mite neeee oii) Ib eb CoS SO ete aeseondns 755
(als) 4} Clore (ilenyee inoue) Isr Coase coodooasbooodsae 759
(Ge Cor@bleurobema,) (Comrade. ere eeeeeee 15h
Us|) Clone (Whaley) ClomievGl oe eae uacdocoococouos 74
661, 662 | Corbeti (Unio) Deschamps ..-............ 856
662 | Corbicula (Grandidieria) Bourguignat... 829
Cys || “ClordoKonlioks - 3 es edsceeoeseueeoussasoccs 828
662 | Corbis (Margaron) Lea.................-- 845
662 | Corbis (Parreysia) Hanley ............... 8h5
6628 aiCorbis) (Umio)) Hanileysens-neeeoeeeeeeeeeee 845
662 | Cordata (Castalia) H. and A. Adams. .__- 864
639 | Cordata (Obovaria) Rafinesque .........- 602
109% | Cordatusi(Unio)Conradaaea--eeeeeeeeeee 788
OOM NCoxrderiig@Umio) mEleudeeenseeeeeeeeeeee ne 805
709 | Coreana (Quadrula) von Martens........ 797
609 | Coreanus (Unio) von Martens....-.--_.-- 797
609 | Coriaceus (Diplodon) Dunker...........- 883
860) ;Coriaceus (Unio) Dunkers 22s eee eee = 883
CLS Corvamy (Wm10) PREC Viewemarseaeeee rer eaee 702
618 | Cornea (Anodonta) Philippi -..........-.-. 648
618 | Corneola (Spatha) Rochebrune .....-..-- 902
GISS i MConneusy (Unio) eatessesere sere eee ere 725
GISH |e Corniuitay (Miya) sMatomle ease see eee ee 611
589 | Cornuta (Theliderma) Swainson.......-.- 611
589 | Cornutus (Margarita) Lea.-.............- 611
589 | Cornutus (Margaron) Lea .....-..--...--- 611
589e Cornutus (Unio) eBarnesteece- sje seee cece 504, 611
689 | Cornuum-lune cinnamonicus (Quadrula)
589 FV CUM G2 ee ae Sale e ee em echyae) separa S02
589 | Cornuum-lune (Quadrula) Heude....... 802
752 | Cornuum-lune (Unio) Heude.-..--....--. 802
752 | Corpulenta (Anodonta) Cooper ...-.-.-.- 616
698 | Corpulenta (Margaron) Lea.......-...--- 646
856 | Correyana (Margaritana) Peetel.......-... 661
856 | Corrianus (Lamellidens) Lea..........-.- 857
856 | Corrianus (Margarita) Lea .-........-..-- 857
536 | Corrianus (Margaron) Lea ..............- 857
Som ee COLLANUS (Wim) PKU Ste Tyee) eset ier ere 811
55 Corrianus) (Wmio) eas secs) metic a-acaai= 857
551 | Corrianus (Unio) Sowerby ..--- Sanne 855
548 | Corrientesensis (Margarita) Lea......-...-. 912
548 | Corrientesensis (Margaron) Lea.-.-......-. 912
578 | Corrientesensis (Monocondylea) d’Or-
860 lhea hyecue nee nnennnecsesea Gam Hae Onea Nees 912
860 | Corrugata (Alasmodon) De Kay .....--.- 671
860 | Corrugata (Hyria) Lamarck.............- 868
860 | Corrugata leevirostris (Parreysia) Benson. 842
1008
INDEX.
Page. Page.
Corrugata (Margaron) Lea ....-.........- 841,869 | Crassus (Margarita) Lea...............-.. 539
Cornugatan (Miya) eMiuilllleree eer ee cect 841 | Crassus (Margaron) Lea..........--..---- 678
Corrugata nagpoorensis (Parreysia) Lea. 842 | Crassus (Pseudodon) Drouet ............-. 834
Corrugata (Parreysia) Muller ............ 8h || Crassus) (Unio) Barnes) -2--25-+-54-5222-6< 767
. Corrugata (Spatha) Dautzenberg......... 902 | Crassus (Unio) Conrad ........-.:..--.-.- 540
Corrugata (Triquetra) H. and A. Adams . 869) || Crassus (Unio) kustersss= seep eee eee 536
Corrugata (Unio) Blainville..........-.... 863)" Crassusi(Umio)sNilSsoneeeee see eeee eee ee 697
Corrugata (Unio) Lamarck...:........... eytil) || Ore) (LWP avl@)) INSOAKS sososcccocanaessacec 692
Corrugata (Unio) Manduyt .............. 698° || (Crassus) (Umio) Retziuse 22 esses eane 677
Corrugatus levirostris (Unio) Hanley and Crassus (Unio) Say ...............--. SOUS 539
GUNG OONG .ocedocance A a SE i Sone 842 | Crassus (Unio) Sowerby...-...........---- 540, 707
Corrugatus (Margarita) Lea ..........-... 841 | Craviovensis (Psilunio) --...-..-........- 510
Corrugatus nagpoorensis (Unio) Hanley Crebristriata (Margaron) Lea .........--- 835
awavGl INCE!) S4souabedcoodsooedubabsos 842 | Crebristriata (Monocondylea) Anthony . 835
Corrugatus (Unio) Retzius ........----.-- 691 | Crebristriata (Trigonodon) Conrad....... 835
Cormminowiblinas sao 5bsceasadsccosoecasoasacr 563 | Crebristriatus peguensis (Pseudodon)
Coruscus fryanus (Unio) B. H. Wright -.- 71h, AMtHONY. 002k nkeeh soe see eos eee ee eee 835
Coruscus (Margaron) Lea .........---...- 714 | Crebristriatus (Pseudodon) Anthony..... 835
Conuscusi(Umio) Gould ees -sees-ee =e eee 714 | Crebristriatus (Unio) Sowerby ........... 835
Corvinus (Margaron) Lea.........-.--.-. 566 | Crebrivittatus (Margaron) Lea.........-- 753
Convinuse (Umi) MLCaee espe cee see eas ee= 566 | Crebrivittatus (Unio) Lea .-..........--.- 753
- Corvuneulus (Lampsilis) Lea......-.---.-. 566 (Crenodontasehiluitenmeesesseeeesscreeeree 766
Corvunculus (Margaron) Lea ........-..-. 566 | Crepera (Anodonta) Lea ...-..-....------ 833
Corvunculus (Unio) Lea....-.-..........- 566) || Crepers (Dallliella) ea) a2 eases 833
Corvus (Margarom) Lea. ..5...23..2-2------ 708 | Crepera (Margaron) Lea ...........-....- 833
Coxnvusi@Umio) bea sseee resets eeeeeee cee 708 | Creperus (Margarita) Lea...........---.. 552
Costata (Alasmidonta) Rafinesque. ...... 664 | Creperus (Margaron) Lea ................ 552
Costata (Alasmodonta) Say-....--..-.----. 6654 Creperush (Unio) sled easeersesee see eeeeeee 552
Costata (Amblema) Rafinesque .......... 744) ‘Cresserus) (Unio) Hanley 22222 s2sss2-cere 52
Costata (Complanaria) Conrad........... 665 | Crispa (Anodonta) Lamarck ............. 919
Costata (Symphynota) Rafinesque --..-.. 665 | Crispata (Alasmodonta) Mousson ........ 836
Costatus (Plectomerus) Conrad........... 769 | Crispata (Anodonta) Lamarck ....-...... 919
Costatus) (Unio) iSaiyeseeeas seeeeesanraeee 769 | Crispata (Anodontites) Bruguiere.......- 919
Costulata (Margaron) Lea..... EGE See 912 | Crispata (Margarita) Lea............--..- 919
Costulata (Monocondyleea) Moricand .... 912 | Crispata (Margaritana) Peetel ............ 836
Couchilanas(@uadrula)ibeaseeasss nee rial Crispata. (Marga ron) Micas=—e er eeeeeeeeeee 919
Couchianus (Margaron) Lea ..-.....--... 777 | Crispata (Nodularia) Gould .......-.....- 815
Couchianuss(Umio)plWea eee see sees ee Tito Crispatan (Unio) (Gouldes-=eeeseee eee 815
Coulboisi (Brazzeea) Bourguignat ........ 907 | Crispatus (Glabaris) Bruguiere .......... 919
Coulboisi (Cameronia) Bourguignat...... 909 | Crispatus (Margaron) Lea...........----- 815
Coulboisi (Unio) Bourguignat..---.....-. 821 | Crispisulecata (Nodularia) Benson-....-... 820
Couperiana (Anodonta) Lea..:..........- 636 | Crispisulcatus (Margaron) Lea........-.- 820
Couperiana (Margarita) Lea.............. 636 | Crispisulcatus (Unio) Benson .......-.--. 508, 820
Couperiana (Margaron) Lea.............. 636 | Cristaria Schumacher ...-..... 505, 506, 514, 578, 583
Courquinianus (Unio) Bourguignat...... 686 | Crocatus (Margaron) Lea................- 5381
Crapulus (Margaron) Lea ....-.....-.2... 75 5umOrocatus) (Unio) Please eeseeee eee eeeae 5381
Cig omUhorss:(C\Usmloy): bye, See se Ae eee eee 755 | Crocodilarum (Unio) Morelet............ 702
@rassan(Dalliella)eDrowete sees seems 83), | Cromwellii (Margaron) Lea... -.--225222- 566
Crassay (Gibbosmla)sWioodse2 sates so, | Cromwellii (Lampsilis) Lea .....-.......- 565
@rassaa(Marsaritay pea eean= ss -e eee O17, | Cromwelliii(Unio)slearsa= see eeseeeeeee 565
Crassa (Margaritana) Retzius..........-. 513,677 | Crosseana (Castalia) Hidalgo..........2-. 865
Crassac(Marearom) Weaens--cs2 eee eeeee: 917 | Crosseanus (Tetraplodon) Hidalgo ....... 865
Crassan diya) ebacOnyaeeeeeeeeeee eee eer 539 | Crossei (Physunio) Deshayes and Jullien 831
@ratssai (Miya) WiOOdee ne mee a etennann 804 | Crossei (Unio) Deshayes and Jullien....- 831
Crassidens (Margarita) Lea_......-....... 707 || Cruda (Pleurobema)) Weal eee ae 751
Crassidens (Margaron) Lea.............-- 707, a Grudus (Unio) Wear sates eee eee 71
Crassidens (Unio) Lamarck... 503,504,700, 706,709 | Cryptoradiata (Spatha) Putzeys........-- 900
Crassidens (Unio) Sowerby.-.-----..--...- 539 | Cylindricus (Margaron) Say.....---..--.. 773
Crassidens var. a (Plectomerus) Conrad... 772, | Ctenodesma Simpson....-....---2---- 906, 515, 852
Crassidens var. a (Unio) Lamarck........ 772) Cucumeriay Conradissssseeeseeeeee eee eee 893
Crassissimus (Margarita) Lea.....-......- » 676 | Cucumoides (Margaron) Lea.........-..- 893
Crassissimus (Unio) Hanley.............- 6785) Cucumoidesi@Umio) Slicaeeesses rene aeseee 893
CrassitestaiSimpsoneeseeeeeeeseer eee ncse 686 | Cultelliformis (Diplodon) Conrad..-...-.- 892
Crassus (Anodon) Swainson....--....-..- 917 | Cultelliformis (Unio) Conrad ....-.-...... 892
Crassus batavus (Unio) Jordan........... 697 | Cultrata (Anodonta) Gould ......-..-..-- 644
Crassus (Glabaris) Swainson .......-.-.--- 917 | Cumberlandianus (Margarita) Lea...--.. 553
INDEX. 1009
Page. Page.
Cumberlandianus (Margaron) Lea....... 553 | Cylindracea (Margaron) Lea........... 920
Cumberlandicus (Margaron) Lea ........ 554 | Cylindrellus (Lampsilis) Lea .......... 565
Cumberlandicus (Unio) Lea ............-. 509,553 | Cylindrellus (Margaron) Lea .......... 565
Cumingianus (Unio) Dunker ....-......- 893 | Cylindrellus (Unio) Lea...............- 565
Cumingii (Anodonta) Lea....-.-...-..--. 837 | Cylindrica (Mya) Eaton ............... 773
Cumingii (Hyriopsis) Lea.......-..-..... 679 | Cylindrica (Quadrula) Say............. 773
Cumingii (Margaron) Lea..............-. BE EB || Ohdbbovoboesy Shhaay oon SEC Bs coon eeeesanuoe 807
Cumingii (Microcondylea) Clessin ....-. 837 | Cylindricus (Margarita) Say ........... 773
Cumingii (Monocondylea) Lea ........-- 837 | Cylindricus (Orthonymus) Agassiz....- 773
Cumingii (Pseudodon) Lea..........-..-. S37 Cylindricusi(Umio) "Say mee see sae 773
Cumingii (Pseudodus) de Morgan.......- 837 | Cyphia (Obliquaria) Rafinesque........ 744
Cummimeapin(Umi0) Weasesans aes sees cee OSM Cy phian (Unio) Conradeey: pees ae 764
Cuneaitas (Miya) Haltom crencceeecse eee 707 | Cyphias cesopus (Unio) Peetel .......... 764
Cuneata (Pleurobema) Rafinesque.....-- Tes) ||, Chyolanivis} (pow) Sey Goes sboskessacuoosca 764
Cuneatus (Unio) Barnes.................- 707 | Cyprogenia Agassiz .............- 506, 510, 514, 609
Cuneatus (Unio) Rossmassler ..-...-.-..-- 692 | Cyrenoides (Margaron) Lea...........- 606
Cumeasush(Umio)!Saviescesceseccene scene 746 | Cyrenoides (Plagiola) Philippi.......-. 606
Cuneatus (Unio) Swainson............-.-- 517 | Cyrenoides (Unio) Philippi ............ 606
Cuneolus (Margaron) Lea .......-...-.-.-- 748 | Cyrenopsis (Grandidieria) Bourgingnat.. 828
Cuneolus (Pleurobema) Lea.............- 748 | Dactylinus (Unio) Heude.............. 808
Cuneolusi (Unio) eae sses-e- ee neee ese 748 | Dactylus (Anodon) Sowerby ........... 929
Cuneopsis Simpson.........--.--- 506, 509, 514,804 | Dactylus (Margaron) Lea ................ 553,929
Cuneus (Quadrula) Conrad ....--...--..- 792 || Dactylus) (Unio) Lea ...--:-..--.-..-.--- 553
Cumensn(Wimio) AC ailleeeaasens acerca 789 | Dactylus (Unio) Morelet............... 683
Cunninghami (Unio) B. H. Wright --..-. 714. | Dahomeyensis (Anodonta) Lea ......-- 900
Cuprea (Obliquaria) Rafinesque......--.. 744 | Dahomeyensis (Margaron) Lea ........ 900
Cuprinus (Diplodon) Simpson __..__-...- 883 | Dahomeyensis (Spatha) Lea ........_.. 900
Cuprinus (Margarita) Lea......--..-.-.-- 573 | Dahuricus (Margaritana) Kobelt....... 676
Cuprinus (Margaron) Lea.....--...---.-.- 573 | Dahuricus (Unio) Middendorff.....-... 676
Cuprinwsn(Umio)Weaeeee ss-ee eee asco ne 572 | Dalei (Anodonta) Buffon .............. 648
Curatus (Margaron) Lea ...............-. 728 | Dallasiana (Anodonta) Lea ...........- 647
Curatuss (Unio) Wea Bese acess ciasceea ace 727 | Dallasiana (Margaron) Lea ...--....... 647
Curreyana (Baphia) H. and A. Adams... 661 | Dalli (Unio) B.H. Wright ........-..... 713
Curreyana (Margaritana) Lea........-.-. 661 | Dalliella Simpson ...............- 506, 515, 832, $84
Curreyana (Margaron) Lea ...-.-.-....-- GolG eDamalisHteach rrseeeee sae reece eee 674
Curreyana (Micromya) IAS ASSI Zee 661 | Damascensis (Margaron) Lea .......-.. 695
Curreyana (Strophitus) Conrad........-. 661 | Damascensis (Unio) Lea ....-...---.... 694
Curreyana (Unio) Sowerby .....-..-....- 661 | Damnoica (Unio) d’Orbigny ....-...... 894
Curta (Pleurobema) Lea .........--.....- 753,754 | Danielis (Unio) Gassies .......--.---.-- 684
Curtus (Margaron) Lea .................. 754 | Daniellii (Unio) Villa..-...........--.- 891
(CAMERAS) (Wowk) IGE coouddeaccoeseo Gobuaese 754 | Danielsii (Anodonta) Lea....-....-...- 645
Curvatus (Anodonta) Jay ....-..-..---..- 648 | Danielsii (Margaritana) Peete] -.......- 645
Curvatusi (Unio) Pea tesececeeeec cee 724 | Danielsii (Margaron) Lea...--......--- 645
Cuspidatus (Unio) Lea........-- Cee 728 | Danielsii (Unio) B.H. Wright .......... 708
Cuvierianus (Margaron) Lea........--.-- 727 | Dariensis (Anodonta) Lea........----.- 63h,
Cuvierianus (Unio) Lea.................- 727 | Dariensis (Margaron) Lea.......--.--.- 634, 710
Cyanus (Unio) ePhilippileses- nse eeee 861 | Dariensis (Unio)) beat. 4222-2 2 a 710
Cyclips (Toxolasma) Rafinesque.......-- 744 | Datus (Margaron) Lea ......-...--.--.- 728
Cyclips (Unio) Ferussac.........-.-.--..- 540M i Datusy(Umilo) sbeaess-seeese es teeaeserem 728
Cy clomya;Simpsoneeeseccs sees seces 578, 885, 886 | Dautzenbergi (Nodularia) L. Morlet...- 819
Cygnea anatina (Anodonta) Linnzus.... 625 | Dautzenbergi (Unio) L. Morlet.-......-- 819
Cygnea (Anodonta) Linneus ............ IIB} (20) || JOE Wyableul (hsb) Sosacqsobosoeuauseceesoce 510
621, 626, 627,631,649 | Decampsiana (Nodularia) Wattebled .. 822
Cygnea (Anodonta) Rossmissler.......-- 625 | Decampsianus (Unio) Wattebled....... 822
Cygnea cellensis (Anodonta)......-.-.-.-- 621 | Decisa (Pleurobema) Lea .......-..--.. 752
Cygmeai (Margarita) hea. Jn eneeee ee 622 | Decisus (Margarita) Lea ......-.-.--.-. 752
Cygnea (Margaron) Lea......---........- 622 | Decisus (Margaron) Lea....-...-....-.. 752
Cygnea ponderosa (Anodonta) C. Pfieffer. 626 | Decisus (Unio) Kuster........-.-------: 748
Cygnea rostrata (Anodonta) Rossmissler. 627 a Wecisus) (Unto) pbeae yaaa secs 752
Cygnea (Symphynota) Lea .............. 622 | Declivis (Anodonta) Conrad ..........-. 643
Cygneus (Anodontes) Cuvier .....--....- 621 | Declivis (Margarita) Lea.......-...-..- 643, 741
Cygneus (Mytilus) Linneeus ....-.-..-..-- 620,621 | Declivis (Margaron) Lea.........-..-.. TAL
Cygnoea (Anodonta) Gassies ............- 622 | Declivis (Unio) Conrad ........-..--.-- 742
Cylindracea (Anodonta) Lea........-.... 920ml SD eclivasi@Wm10) tSaiva eer ners seine aerial) 740
Cylindracea (Glabaris) Lea .............. 920 | Decora (Anodonta) Lea........-..----- 643
Cylindracea (Margarita) Lea......-.....-. 920 | Decora (Margarita) Lea.....-.-.------- 643
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii
64
1010 INDEX.
Page Page
Decora (Margaron) Lea..........-------- 644 | Deviata (Truncilla) Reeve ............-.- 52h
Decorata (Symphynota) Lea........-.-...- 664. | Deviatus (Margaron) Lea .............-.- 524
Decoratus (Margaron) Lea..........-..-- 664 | Deviatus (Unio) Reeve ..................- 524
Decoratus (Unio) Lea ..........--..------ 664. || Diagemeess: 520 Giese ce accion seen 514,615
Decumbens (Margaritana) Lea........-.. 679 | Dianisotis Rafinesque .................--- 583
Decumbens (Margaron) Lea.........-.--- 679 | Diaphanus (Unio) Rafinesque..........-. 744
Decumbens (Unio) Lea............------- 679 | Diazensis (Unio) S.H. Wright ..........- 714
Decurvyatus (Unio) Rossmissler .......--- 698 | Diespiter (Unio) Mabille ...........-...-. 861
Dehiscens (Anodonta) Peetel.....-...-..-- 655 | Differtus (Unio) Lea .............--...... 729
Dehiscens (Baphia) H. and A. Adams.... 655 | Difficilis (Margaron) Lea................. 554
Dehiscens (Hemilastena) Agassiz ......-. 655) |) Dithicilis/|((Unio)MWeasesseasseaceeeeeee eee 5a4
Dehiscens (Margarita) Lea.....-.......-. 654 | -Digenmceras o- soasacs sie ccaeteee ee Ree ees 514, 607
Dehiscens (Margaritana) Clessin......-.. 655 | Digitata (Quadrula) Morelet ............- 770
Dehiscens (Margaron) Lea....-.-.-..-.-. 655 | Digitatus (Unio) Morelet................. 770
Dehiscens (Unio) Say ..............------ 654 | Digitiformis (Nodularia) Sowerby........ 809
Dejecta (Anodonta) Lewis....-.......--. 630 | Digitiformis (Unio) Sowerby.....-....... 809
Delaportei (Hyriopsis) Crosse and Fischer 580 | Dignatus (Margaron) Lea................ 688
Delaportei (Unio) Crosse and Fischer.... 580 | Dignatus (Unio) Lea ..................... 688
Delesserti (Margaron) Lea...........----- 693 | Dignota (Anodonta) Ferussac....-....... 631
Delesserti (Unio) Bourguignat........-.--- 692 | Dignota (Anodonta) Rafinesque ......... 648
Delicatus (Margaron) Lea.............--- 690 | Dilatata (Unio) Rafinesque .............. 744
Delicatus (Unio) Lea..........-.-:------- 690) Dilatatush(Uimio)eSayeesacseeeee eee eres 704
Delodonta (Unio) Lamarck ..........---- 873 | Diminuta (Nodularia) Lea ............... 826
Delodontus (Diplodon) Lamarck.......-. 873 | Diminutus (Margaron) Lea .............. 826
Delodontus (Margarita) Lea.........-..-- SE}||, Dyyemvo oyonAwlS ((WWhavlo)) WEE) Seacceccssconusaace 826
Delodontus (Unio) Sowerby...-...-------- 539 | Dimota (Nodularia) Lea ................. 818
Delphinulus (Lampsilis) Morelet ......-.. 576 | Dimotus (Margaron) Lea................. 818
Delphinulus (Unio) Morelet .........---- 576,577 | Diolibanus (Pleiodon) Bourguignat .....- 908
Delphinus (Margaron) Lea........-..--.- 579 | Diploderma (Bariosta) Rafinesque ....... 744
Delphinus (Unio) Grtiner .........-..-.-. 579 | Diplodon Spix.......-.... 506, 515, 867, 872, 873, 883
Delphinus (Unio) Spengler........-.-.--. 744 | Diplodon (Unio) Philippi ................ 882
Deltoidea (Alasmodonta) Baker........-- 668 | Dipsas (Anodonta) Blainville............ 584.
Deltoidea (Baphia) H.and A. Adams..... 668) |) -DipsastGea chiesseeemsccreetececieeeeriaee 583
Deltoidea (Margarita) Lea..........---.. 668'|/ Dipsax: VolgtJems <*2ae. cena eee 583
Deltoidea (Margaritana) Lea.........-.... 668 | Discoidea (Barbala) H.and A. Adams.... 585
Deltoidea (Margaron) Lea.....-...-..-.-. 668 | Disciformis (Zaira) Rochebrune -......-- 862
Deltoidea (Strophitus) Conrad .........-. 668 | Discoidea (Cristaria) Lea..............-.- 585
Deltoidea (Unio) Hanley -....-..----.---- 668 | Discoidea (Dipsas) Kuster............-... 585
Delumbis (Lampsilis) Conrad....-.....-. 531 | Discoidea (Margarita) Lea............... 585
Delumbis (Unio) Conrad ................- 531 | Discoidea (Symphynota) Lea............ 585
Delumbis (Unio) Kuster........-......... 559 | Discoideus (Margaron) Lea.............. 585
Demararaensis (Diplodon) Lea........... 880 | Discoideus (Unio) Hanley .....-...-..-.- 585
Demararaensis (Margaron) Lea......-..- 880 | Discoideus (Unio) Sowerby .-..........--- 574
Demararaensis (Unio) Lea......-.......-. 880 | Discomya Simpson ......-...-..--..-...--- 802
Dembee (Nodularia) Reeve.............. 826 | Discrepans (Margaron) Lea ....-..-.-.--- 554
Dembee (Unio) Reeve ....-..........-.-- 826 | Discrepans (Unio) Lea....._.-......-..-- 554
Denigrata (Anodonta) Lea..............- 659 | Disculus (Diplodon) Lea.....-.........-- 887
Denigrata (Margaron) Lea............... 660 | Disculus (Margaron) Lea .......-........ 887
Denigratus (Margaron) Lea............-. 718 3\ Diseulus (Unio) Leas. 22. eca-ecsceieeeeeee 887
Denigratus (Unio) Lea ..........--......- 718 | Discus (Margaron) Lea............5...-.- 705
Depauperatus (Unio) Hutton.........-.... 890) |eDiscus (Unl0) iea ees -o see eee eee eee 705
Depressa (Mya) Donovan.....--.-.....--- 685 | Discus (Unio) Sowerby......--....------- 707
Depressa (Leguminaia) Westerlund...... 653 | Dispalans (Unio) B. H. Wright.........-. 736
Depressa (Obliquaria) Rafinesque......-. 603 | Dispansus (Unio) Lea........-.-....-.--- 549
Depressa (Unio) C. Pfeiffer............... 653}, Dispar. (Lam 'psilis)) Weamensseeaeeeceeeeee 561
Depressa (Unio) d’Orbigny........-.---.- 894 | Dispar (Margaron) Lea............-.-...- 561
Depressa (Unio) Lamarck...........--.-- 6037892) 1) -Dispar: (Umi0) sueaeteessse- se eeee eee eeeeee 561
Depressus (Margarita) Lea .......-..--..- 891) | Dissimilis (Umio0)) eases cne eee eee 730
Depressus (Margaron) Lea ..........-...- 891 | Distans (Unio) Anthony ..........--..... 534
Depressus (Unio) Lamarck............... 892 | Distortus (Unio) Beam........5.....22ccce 744
Depressus (Unio) Lesson .........-----.-- 891! ||) Distortusi(Umio)sHeudess- 4s. 442s secre 807
Depressus (Unio) Peetel ....-.......-..--- 685 | Divaricata (Spatha) yon Martens ........ 901
Depressus (Unio) Reeve....--.-.--.------ 891 | Divaricatus (Diplodon) Lea ............. 878
Depygis (Unio) Conrad.......2.---.------ 601 | Divaricatus (Margaron) Lea............. 878
Deshayesii (Unio) Michaud ...........-.- 682..| Divaricatus (Unio) Lea ...--.55......---- 878
Despecta (Anodon) Heude..............- 6388 | Divergens (Quadrula) Benson............ 802
INDEX. HOW
Page Page
Divergens (Unio) Benson ..........-...--- 802 | Duclerci (Chamberlainia) Rochebrune .. 582
Diversa (Alasmidonta) Conrad ........-. 669 | Duclerci (Unio) Rochebrune..........-.- 582
Diversus (Unio) Conrad............--.--- 669 | Dugasti (Unio) Morlet........:.......:... 811
Dolabella (Castalia) Sowerby -...---.---- 867 | Dumesleanus (Unio) Charmes ........... 847
Dolabelloides (Margaron) Lea .........-- 750 | Dunkerianus (Unio) Lea........:........ 882
Dolabelloides (Pleurobema) Lea.......--. 750 | Dunlapiana (Anodonta) Lea...........-. 635, 636
Dolabelloides (Unio) Lea ......-.-.--.--- 750 | Duponti (Parreysia) Rochebrune ........ 8)6
Dolabreeformis (Lampsilis) Lea ........-- 529 | Duponti (Reneus) Rochebrune........... 846
Dolabreeformis (Margarita) Lea.....-..-- 529 | Duponti (Unio) Rochebrune..........-.. 846
Dolabreeformis (Margaron) Lea........-- 529 | Duprei (Callonaia) Recluz..........:.... 867
Dolabreeformis (Unio) Lea ......--..----- 529 | Duprei (Castalia) Recluz................. 867
Dolabreeformis (Unio) Sowerby ..-.-.-.-.--- 527 | Duprei (Margaron) Lea.................. 867
Dolearis (Anodonta) Lea.........--.-.--- 634 | Dupuyi (Anodonta) Ray and Drouet .:.. 624
Doliaris (Anodonta) Lea .......-.-.-.----- 634 | Durieui kullethensis (Unio) Lea......... 695
Doliaris (Lampsilis) Lea ...........-...-- 633 | Durieui (Margaron)-‘Lea.:...-....:....... 694
Doliaris (Margaron) Lea ........-.......-. 533,634 | Durieui (Unio) Deshayes................. 694.
Doliarisy(Umio) Wealesas-o-eeesasseee ene. 533 | Duttonianus (Margaron) Lea ............ 736
Dolichorhynechus (Unio) Tapperone- PDuttonianusy (Unio) eames see see 736
Can Chris Shah as Sek ase eae eens S61 sD ysnomiayAPAssiz)pamaeeieereeee eee ee 521
Doliolum (Anodonta) Heude ............ 640 | Dysonii (Nephronaias) Lea .........-.--- 594,
Dolcsus (Margaron) Lea ....-- neers 569 | Dysonii (Margaron) Lea.................. 594
Dolosusk(Unio) Weasas2ae sess oe ec eee =e Gxt} |] IDAYSoranbl (Uigwlo)) IWS ok Ge ooonadenoooudsse 594
Dombeyana (Unio) Valenciennes....--..- 772 | Ebenus (Margarita) Lea.................. 793
Donaciformis (Margarita) Lea ....-..-..-.- 605 | Ebenus (Margaron) Lea.................. 793
Donaciformis (Margaron) Lea .-....-.--- 605 | Ebenus (Quadrula) Lea........:......... 793
Donaciformis (Plagiola) Lea ........-...-- 605s ee benwish (Unio) pbeaeecceeaseceeeeee eee 509, 793
Donaciformis (Unio) Lea............-..-- 605 | Ecarinata (Castalia) Mousson...-...-.--- 865
Dooleyensis (Unio) Lea ...-.-...-...--.-- 727 | Ecarinatus (Tetraplodon) Mousson...... 865
Moreiy(Wnio) Bs He Wright. --ce--es ose 710,719 | Edentula (Alasmodonta) Say -........... 616
Dorfeuillianus (Margarita) Lea ......-..-.- 780 | Edentula (Anodonta) Ferussac .......... 616
Dorfeuillianus (Margaron) Lea .......... 780 | Edentula (Anodonta) Say...-...-.:...... 503, 504
Dorfeuillianus (Unio)........-.---.--..-- 779,780 | Edentula (Margarita) Lea................ 616
Dorri (Nodularia) Wattebled.......__---- 809 | Edentula (Margaron) Lea.......--....... 616
Morris (Umio) Wattebled== =] ees ees oe 809 | Edentula (Uniopsis) Agassiz --........... 616
Dorsatus (Margaron) Lea ......-..-..-.--- 711 | Edentulus (Anodon) Sowerby ........... 643
Dorsatus (Unio) Lea....-...-----------:-: 711 | Edentulus Payonius (Strophitus) Lea.... 617
Dorsuosus (Diplodon) Gould -..........-- 888, 889 | Edentulus (Strophitus) Say .............. 616
Dorsuosus (Margaron) Lea..........----- 889 | Edgarianus (Margaron) Lea .-.-.-...:..- TAT
Dorsuosus (Unio) Gould.......-.-...--...- 889 | Edgarianus (Pleurobema) Lea ........-.- VhT
Douglasiz nipponensis (Nodularia) yon Edgarianus (Unio) Lea..:.....--2.2.0.--: 747
Mamtensraceesnice secee a nceee cee le seco wee 809 | Edulis (Anodonta) Heude ............--.. 638
Douglasiz (Nodularia) Gray .....--..- 807, 808,861 | Effulgens (Diplodon) Lea ..........-..... 879
Douglasiz Shanghaiensis (Unio) Lea .... 808 | Effulgens (Margaron) Lea.......-.....-.- 879
Douglasiz (Unio) Gray-.....-...----- 806, 807,808 | Effulgens (Unio) Lea..................... 879
Doumeti (Unio) Letourneux and Bour- Egyptiacus (Unio) Hanley .........-:-..- 821
guignat......._ SOOO rere eae a Ree 744) \biohtin(Unio)ebeetelesssse-eeeeseeree eee 771
Downiei (Margaron) Lea.....--.-.......- 733 | Hightsii (Margaron) Lea .........-......- 771
Dowmniel) (Un10) Wea s-. 22. ssn. ses nese 1EY2, Jom || soiedoeyol ((Opouta)) IER, ossosdecoocascesanesuc 771
Draparnaldi (Unio) Deshayes............ 692 | Elachista (Anodonta) Bourguignat....-. 625
Dromauxi (Cameronia) Bourguignat .... 910 | Electrinus (Unio) Reeve........--....--. 741
Dromauxi (Unio) Bourguignat .........-. 821 | Elegans (Margarita) Lea.............:-.. 604
Dromus (Cyprogenia) Agassiz...........- 615 | Elegans (Margaron) Lea ............-...- 604
Dromus (Dromus) Lea .....-...-.-..-.--- 615 | Elegans (Plagiola) Lea ............-..... 694, 605
Dromus (Margarita) Lea .........-....--. 615) | Hlegans/ (Unio) Wea. 22. osteo sare 604
Dromus (Margaron) Lea .................- 615 | Elegans (Zaira) Rochebrune............. 862
Dromus Simpson ...--.--..----------- 510,514,614 | Elliottii (Margaritana) Lea .............- 619
DrOmMUsi (UNIO) WLea Mer sass sels see 614,615 | Elliottii (Margaron) Lea ....--..--. OES Sate 619, 769
Droueti (Spatha) Chaper...........-.---- 897 | Elliottii (Quadrula) Lea -...-.....2.2.2.. 768
Droueti (Unio) Dupuy...-..-...---..--..- 699 | Elliottii (Strophitus) Lea............5...- 619
Dubia (Alasmodonta) Ferussac ....-..... (783. |) LabYoynabl ((\Growio)) 1beeh s SACK eee sGaassaeeoeee 768
Dubia (Anodonta) Bosc.......--.-------- 903} Ellipsaria (Obliquaria) Rafinesque.....-. 744
Dubia (Iridina) Chenu.......-....---.--- 903 | Ellipsarius (Unio) Say .......--......-... 539
Dubia (Mulela) Gmelin ..../......:...... 903 | Ellipsiformis (Lampsilis) Conrad ........ 557
Dubia (Mytilus) Gmelin ........--......- 583,903 | Ellipsiformis (Unio) Conrad ..2..7....... 597°
Dubiay(blatinis) ue dean eec- eee eee 903 | Ellipsis (Margarita) Lea.........-. rersaieeiers ‘602
Dubius (Unio) Fitzinger ...............-- 682 | Ellipsis (Margaron) Lea.............-.... 602
1012 INDEX.
Page.
Ellipsis (Obovaria) Lea ........-..---...- 540,602 | Estabrookiana (Pleurobema) Lea.......-
Ellipsis (Unio) beatae neeeee eee 601, 602, 754
Ellipsoideus (Unio) Locard ...........--- 690
Elliptica (Anodon) Heude.............-- 638
Elliptica (Margaritana) Lea ...........-- 619
Elliptica (Margaron) Lea .....-...--.---- 619
Elliptica (Mya) Eaton...........-.-..---- 539
Elliptica (Unio) Rafinesque.........-.---- 744
Ellipticum (Diplodon) Spix........-- 872, 873, 877
Ellipticum (Pseudodon) Conrad.....----- 836
Ellipticus (Margaron) Lea.....-.-.------ 877
Ellipticus (Unio) Barnes......-.--.------ 539
Ellipticus (Unio) Wagner.......-.------- 877, 879
Elliptio Rafinesque ....-..-..-..-.------- 679, 700
Elongata (Anodonta) Potiez & Michaud. 623
Elongata (Brazzea) Bourguignat......-- 907
Elongata (Burtonia) Bourguignat ......- 578
Elongata (Damaris) Leach........-.-.---- 676
Elongata (Grandidieria) Bourguignat ... 830
Elongata (Hyria) Swainson...........--- 871
Elongata (Iridina) Sowerby ....--.------ 903
Elongata (Margarita) Lea........-..----- 928
Elongata (Mutela) Peetel....-........---- 903
Elongata (Platiris) Lea ..............---- 903
Elongata (Triquetra) H.and A. Adams... 871
Elongata (Unio) Goodrich ........------- 536
Elongata (Unio) Lamarck.........---.--- 676
Elongata (Unio) Michaud..........------ 697
Elongatula (Unio) C. Pfeiffer .........-.- 684
Elongatulus (Margarita) Lea ..........-- 684
Elongatulus (Margaron) Lea ......-..-.-- 684
Elongatulus (Unio) C. Pfeiffer. ....--..-- 513-684
Elongatus (Anodon) Swainson .......-.- 928
Elongatus (Glabaris) Swainson .......--- 928
Elongatus (Pleiodon) Bourguignat....... 908
Emarginata (Solenaia) Lea ...........-.- 655
Emarginatus (Anodonta) Clessin ......-- 655
Emarginatus (Margarita) Lea............ 696
Emarginatus (Margaron) Lea..-.-....--. 696
Emarginatus (Mycetopus) Lea .........-. 655
Emarginatus (Platiris) Lea........-..-.-- 655
Emarginatus (Solenaia) Lea......-....-. 656
Emarginatus (Unio) Lea..........---.... 695
Embia (Anodonta) Bourguignat ......... 627
Emesensis (Margaron) Lea ...........--- 698
Emesensis (Unio) Lea .....-...---------- 693
Emini (Nodularia) von Martens .......-. 823
Emini (Unio) von Martens.............-. 823
Emmonsii (Margaron) Lea.........-.-..- 735
HMMM STN (WiTO) wlve ae ae en ee: 735
Enearpa (Plagiola) Lea .......----------- 607
Encarpus (Margaron) Lea.........--.--:- 607
Enearpus (Unio) Lea.....-..-.---.-...--- 607
Endobranchizeies-soeeereeereeoeeee ene olon306
Ensiformis (Anodon) Spix ..-.......-..-.-- 932
Ensiformis (Glabaris) Spix............... 931, 932
Ensiformis (Iridina) Lea ....-......-...-. 932
Ensiformis (Margarita) Lea .............. 932
Ensiformis (Margaron) Lea .........----- 932
Episcopalis (Unio) Tristram............-. 694,
Errans (Margaron) Lea.... .......----.-- 730
ID AA HOEH((LWpMO)) IVES oocoscossscoobeescouacs 730
Hschatigente sass cene ee coer 014, 614
Essoensis (Nodularia) Chaper.......-..-. 822
Essoensis (Unio) Chaper ........-.-.-.--- 822
Estabrokianus (Unio) Petel ...........-- 763
Estabrookianus (Margaron) Lea
Estabrookianus (Unio) Lea ...-.-...--.--
Esula (Iridina) d’Orbigny.......-....-.--
Esula (Leila) d’Orbigny......-.-..-.-----
Esula (Margarita) Lea.........-...-----.-
Esula (Margaron) Lea.........:.....---.-
Etawahensis (Margaritana) Conrad...-.-
Etawahensis (Margaritana) Lea .......-.
Eucirrus (Margaron) Lea ........-....:..-
Eucirrus (Unio) Bourguignat .-..........
Eucyphus (Unio) Bourguignat........-..
HutirayGistelieeeassesee ese ce eerie
Euphratica Churchillianus (Gabillotia)
Bourguignat
Euphratica (Gabillotia) Bourguignat....
Euphratica (Leguminaia) Westerlund ...
Euphratica (Margaritana) Kobelt
Euphratica (Pseudodon) Conrad
Euphymus (Unio) Charmes
Eurhynchus (Unio) Kuster
Europe (Anodonta) Leach
BUnyniavRannlesguc asses eee sa ssee eee
Euscaphys (Anodonta) Heude
Evanescens (Unio) Mousson ..........-..
Evansi (Diplodon) Adams and Angas....
Evansi (Margaritana) Peetel
Evansi (Margaron) Lea ........-------.-.
Evansi (Unio) Adams and Angas ......-.
Evitatus (Margaron) Lea
Byvatatus!(Wmio) sears tees seeeeeereee
Exactus (Margaron) Lea
Exactusi(Um10) | Wealmen-seseeeeeseseeeeeee
Exacutusi (Unio) MLearencssesseeaceeeeeee
Exanthemeticus (Lamellidens) Kuster ..
Exanthemeticus (Unio) Kuster .........-
Exasperata (Hyria) Sowerby....-.-.----.
Excavatus (Lampsilis) Lea
Exeavatus: (Unio) leases) essen eeteeeee
Excultus (Unio) Conrad........-...-...-.
Excurvyata (Anodonta) De Kay
Exiguus (Margaron) Lea
IDp-a UD) (Osh) IWS adcoaseconocosaucoccc
Exilior (Anodonta) Lea ........--..-.-.--
Exilis (Anodon) Catlow and Reeve ...-..
Exilis (Anodon) Sowerby
Exilis (Anodonta) Lea ...........-...-...-
Exilis (Margarita) Lea ......-.....-.-----
Hxalisi(Margarom)Wealeeccee-e-seeeeceas
Exilis (Monocondylea) Pzetel
**Exilis (Monocondylus) Morelet ..-.....--
Exilis (Pilsbryoconcha) Lea
Exilis (Pseudodon) Morelet...-.........-
Exilis) (Unio) Dunkersie32s22eseee eee
Eximia (Anodonta) Bourguignat ........
Eximia (Brazzea) Bourguignat......-...
Eximium (Colletopterum) Bourguignat..
Eximius (Margaron) Lea....-...........-
Eximius (Physunio) Lea ...............--
Eximius) (Unio) sbeareresse ease eee eee
Nxobranchisesass4-he eee eee ce nae ee eee
Exolescens (Margaron) Lea ......-...----
Exolescens (Trapezoideus) Gould........
Exolescens (Unio) Gould...........------
Exotica (Anodon) Sowerby ..-.-----------
Exotica (Anodonta) Blainville...........
688
902
588
088, 818
588
839
587
839
818
649
907
649
831_
831
831
514
859.
859
859
927
903
INDEX.
Page.
Exotica (Anodonta) Lamarck.....-....-. 916 | Favidens pinax (Parreysia) Benson......
Exotica (Columba) Petel..........---.---- 924 | Favidens pinax (Unio) Hanley and Theo-
Exotica (Iridina) Children.............-. 908 [EWG easenddooduddsuaccauoacuasbodbasnes
HExotica (Iridina) Lamarck..........-...- 902,903 | Favidens plagiosoma (Parreysia) Benson.
Exotica (Mutela) Lamarck..........-.--- 903 | Favidens plagiosoma (Unio) Hanley and
HOtICaIGelatinis) Wearenasceeeeerieca= cee 903 Mneobaldeeger sees ceca ceeere seer
Exoticus (Anodonta) Lamarck........--- O24a PHavidens! (Umio) Pleas sses sess seeee ee
HOCUS eelelodom)sPeetelis-ese- emcee 903 | Favosa (Pleurobema) Lea..........-.....
Expansus (Diplodon) Kuster...........-- 874 | Favosus (Margaron) Lea .................
iH xpansusy(WUmio)) Kuster =s2-<-25- 5455s Si Haviosusy (Umi10)) beaeeseee essere seas
Explicatus (Lampsilis) Morelet .........- 571 | Fee (Parreysia) Tapperone-Canefri......
Explicatus (Unio) Morelet ..............- 571 | Fee (Unio) Tapperone-Canefri..........-
yxtensus (Margarom) Lea...-....----.--- 731 | Feddeni (Parreysia) Theobald ...........
Hxcensusy (Wmio) eases. -seeseee = -eeee == (ol eheddenig@Umo) enheobaldesssseeesereee se
Exulcerata (Anodonta) Porro....-.....-- 623 | Fellmani (Margaron) Lea ................
Haan (MaArearita,)) Wea aera cee eiclae mci 877 | Fellmani (Unio) Deshayes ...............
Faba (Margaron) Lea ......--.--.-..-.--- 877 | Feminalis (Anodonta) Gould..........-..
aban (Unio )adtOrbieniyeces-s-2 sees aes eee- 877 | Fenouilli (Anodonta) Heude.............
Fabaceus (Margaron) Lea..........---..- 549 | Ferrarisii (Anodonta) d’Orbigny .......--
iHabaceus (Wino) Mueasecssec. + se neces 549) Herrissit (Unio) Marshessos-see-e- ee acceae
Fabagina (Parreysia) Deshayes .......--- 847 | Ferruginea (Anodonta) Lea..............
Fabagina (Unio) Deshayes ......-.....-.- 847 | Ferruginea (Margaron) Lea ........-..---
Fabalis (Margaron) Lea.........-...--.-- 525 | Ferussaciana (Anodonta) Ferussac..-..--
Fabalis (Micromya) Lea......-......-...- 625 | Ferussaciana (Anodonta) Lea........ 504
Fabalis (Margarita) Lea...........---.-.- 525 | Ferussaciana (Margarita) Lea ............
TONS (WiawO)) IUCR ocoseagacosaouseoeegoos 524,525 | Ferussaciana (Margaron) Lea............
Fabula (Baphia) H. and A. Adams....-.-. 661 | Ferussacianus (Anodontoides) Lea.......
Fabula (Margarita) Lea ..........-.-.----- 661 | Ferussacianus (Margaron) Lea ...........
Fabula (Margaritana) Lea ..............- 660, 661 | Ferussacianus modestus (Anodontoides)
Fabula (Margaron) Lea ....-...--..-----. 661 ease ea eee Sanaa ase seateceeeele eee
Fabula (Micromya) Agassiz...........--- 661 | Ferussacianus subcylindraceus (Anodon-
Hal way (Pegias) ean se asceeeeneceecccae 661 toides): Meayeessa- acess nese oaeceeeeee
Fabula (Strophitus) Conrad.............. 661 | Ferussacianus (Unio) Lea.............-.-
HalouilayCWUmi1o) WHamileyges sea cseseseciecea se 661 | Fibrosa (Quadrula) Heude...............
Faidherbi (Reneus) Jousseaume .......-- 8227 = Mibrosus: (Unio) Heudetea:2eececeeeceneee
Falcata (Alasmodon) Gould............-. 677 | Fibuloides (Margaron) Lea.............-..
Falcata (Solenaia) Higgins........-...... 656 | Fibuloides (Unio) Lea..--.-..............
Faleatus (Mycetopus) Higgins ........... 656 | Filippiana (Anodon) Heude..............
Halcatwsy (latins) ue es = 4.5 eee eee 656 | Firmus beettgeri (Diplodon) von Ihering .
Falcatus (Unio) Sowerby........-..--...- 677 | Firmus beettgeri (Unio) von Ihering ....-.
Fallaciosus (Lampsilis) Simpson ......... Si Rirmus) (Diplodomn)sbeassetesc ee eseceecee.
Hallax (Margaron) lea-..:222.--.-.-2-.-: 548 | Firmus (Margaron) Lea..................
Alle. (OMIM) bE soscosucssdoososseccsose 54855|) Hirmms (Unio) pHeudessesereacee pees
Falsus (Glabaris) Simpson .......2......- OBA || Lathe sors ((LOhawto))) Ie ese sao dscacossocudsood
Famelicus (Margaron) Lea............... 879 | Fiscallianus (Unio) Kleciach ............
Famelicus (Unio) Gould. ................ 879 | Fischeriana (Nodularia) L. Morlet.....-.
Fantoziana (Anodon) Heude............. 639 | Fischerianus (Unio) L. Morlet ...........
Fasciata (Unio) Rafinesque ............-- 744 | Fisherianus (Margarita) Lea -..........--.
HASciatwss(WiM1O) i Saye-secesc ee eeeee cet. 539 | Fisherianus (Margaron) Lea........-....
Fasciola (Lampsilis) Rafinesque ......-... 577 | Fisherianus (Unio) Lea..........- 7... 584
Fasciolaris (Obliquaria) Rafinesque....-. 744 | Fissidens (Nodularia) Bottger..........-.
Fasciolaris (Unio) Conrad............ sage 612 | Fissidens (Unio) Bottger...-...2..-22-.--
Fasciolus (Unio) Conrad......-..........- 556 | Flarescens (Unio) Petel ....-.......-...-
Fasciolus (Unio) Ferussac..............-. 527 | Flava (Anodon) Anthony..-..--..-..-..-
Hasciolus)(Umi0)) Sayeseses- aces ceaeeee eee 532 | Flava (Obliquaria) Rafinesque.......----
Fassinans (Margaron) Lea ........-.---.- 762 | Flavescens (Margaron) Lea..........:-.-
Fassinans (Pleurobema) Lea............. 762 | Flavescens (Ptychobranchus) Lea .......
Fassinans rhomboidea ( Pleurobema ) Plavescens (Unio): Lea -_--:22..2..5.-.2.-
Sim PSOMM eee see cect ce acces sae 762m blavi dens) (Unio) seeetel ees ccceeracte se
Hassinans| (Wmio) Lea... --222222c-------- 762 | Flavidulus (Margaron) Lea....-....2-.--
Fatuus (Lampsilis) Lea .................. 553 | Flavidulus (Pleurobema) Lea..........--
Fatuus (Margaron) Lea ......-.. Sepa re Ddoui|eHlavidulusy((Umio) eave c-e- ees sesecnaee
Hatuisi(Umio)wbeaimceacensseeceeee eee. bbs peblavadus) (Unio) beays22s22 252 eae ese
Favidens marcens (Unio) Benson....-..-.. 843 | Flavus rubiginosus (Unio) Petel.........
Favidens (Margaron) Lea..........-.---- 842) Mlavusi(Unio)Conmrad\t22 ccs sce ccece
Favidens (Parreysia) Benson ............ 842, 843 Flexuosa (Dysnomia) Agassiz......--..-.
692
657, 658
639
617
659
735
$27
1014 INDEX.
Page. Page.
Flexuosa (Obliquaria) Rafinesque ....--. 744 | Fouladougouensis (Nodularia) Joussea- :
Flexuosa (Quadrula) Simpson ......-.-.- 790 WONG os5056 EEN EES Maa Me SBE GonanaoaG 823
Flexuosus (Unio) Conrad .........-----.- 521 | Fouladougouensis (Reneus) Jousseaume. 823
Flexus (Toxolasma) Rafinesque........-. 744 | Fragilis (Anodonta) Fitzinger ........... 648
Florentina (Truncilla) Lea .........-..--- 524 | Fragilis (Anodonta) Lamarck...........- 632, 633
Florentinus (Margaron) Lea .........-..- 524 | Fragilis gracilis (Unio) Petel ............ 574
Florentinus (Unio) Lea ...............--- 524 | Fragilis (Lasmonus) Rafinesque ........- 744
Florida (Anodon) Heude....-.....--.-..- 639 | Fragilis (Margarita) Lea .............--.-. 632
Floridensis (Margaron) Lea........-..... 544 | Fragilis (Margaritana) Kuster ........... 836
Floridensis (Unio) Lea............------- 544 | Fragilis (Margaron) Lea ..............-.. 632
Floridensis (Unio) 8. H. Wright.......... 560 | Fragilis (Metaptera) Conrad .......-..-.- 574
Fluctiger (Margaron) Lea............-.-- 814 | Fragilis (Microcondylea) Peetel ......... 836
Fluctiger (Nodularia) Lea ..........-..--- $14, | Fragilis (Symphynota) Ferussac ......... 574
Fluctiger (Unio) Lea............-.-.--.-- 814 | Fragilis (Unio) Nevill...................- 858
Fluminea (Anodonta) Heude..........-. 640 | Fragilis (Unio) Rafinesque...-- ASS 744
Fluviatilis (Anodonta) Bose .....--.-.--- 631 | Fragilis (Unio) Sowerby ....-.-.-.----.-- 883
Fluviatilis (Margarita) Lea ...........--- 631 | Fragilis (Unio) Swainson ...........-..-- 573
Fluviatilis (Margaron) Lea .........-...- 631 | Fragosa (Quadrula) Conrad.-............ 777
Fluviatilis (Mytilus) Dillwyn ___-....-..-. 631 | Fragosus (Margarita) Lea................ 717
Fluviatilis (Unio) Green .....-.-...-.-.-- 721 | Fragosus (Margaron) Lea...............- T77
Flyensis (Diplodon) Tapperone-Canefri- . 890 | Fragosus (Unio) Conrad ............--.-- 777
Flyensis (Unio) Tapperone-Canefri ....-. 890 | Franciscana (Aplodon) Lea....-...-....- 912
Fokkesi (Unio) Dunker...........-....-- 894 | Franciscana (Margarita) Lea ............ 912
Holiacea, (Unio) Goulds: 5252 cscs secre 858 | Franciscana (Margaron) Lea ...........- 912
Foliaceus comptus (Trapezoideus) Des- Franciscana (Monocondylea) Moricand. 912
hayes and Jullien ...........-.....-..-- 858 | Franciscana (Unio) Moricand............ 912
Foliaceus (Margaron) Lea .....-..-.----- 858 | Fraternus (Margaron) Lea..............- 709
Foliaceus (Trapezoideus) Gould ......... 858))\) Hraternus ((Umio) Mier e tee eeeeeeeeeee 709
Foliata (Truncilla) Hildreth ............- 521 | Frenzellii (Diplodon) von Ihering....... 882
Foliatus (Margarita) Lea..-.......-.-..-- 521 | Frenzellii (Unio) von Ihering............ 882
Foliatus (Margaron) Lea.....-......----- 521 | Friersoni (Quadrula) B.H. Wright....... 787
Foliatus (Unio) Hildreth.......-.......-. 521 | Friersoni (Unio) B. H. Wright............ 787
Folliculatus (Margarita) Lea..........--. 737 | Friniana (Anodon) Heude .......-....... 638
Folliculatus (Margaron) Lea......-.-..-. 737 | Fryanus (Unio) B.H. Wright............. 714
Folliculatus (Unio) Lea...-..--....-.---- 737 | Fucatus (Margaron) Lea..........-...... 542
Foncki (Unio) Philippi .............----- 882 | Fucatus (Mytilus) Dillwyn......-........ 622
Fontaineana (Unio) d’Orbigny .....----. 886 | Fucatus (Unio) Lea................-.....- 542
Fontainiana (Unio) d’Orbigny......-..--- 886 | Fulgens (Lampsilis) Rafinesque ......... 577
Fontainianus (Diplodon) d’Orbigny ...-. 886 | Fulgidus (Margaron) Lea..........--.....- 789
Fontainianus (Margaron) Lea .........-- 886 | Fulgidus (Unio) Lea..................... 789
Fontanus (Unio) Conrad..........--.--.. 547 | Fuliginosus (Margaron) Lea...........-.. 727
Fontinalis (Unio) Rafinesque .....-....-- 744 | Fuliginosus (Unio) Lea .........-..-.-..- 722, 727
Footei (Arcidopsis) Theobald ...-........ 861 | Fuligo (Unio) Lea...............-.....-.- 551
Footei (Unio) Theobald...........---..-- 861 | Fulmineus (Unio) Philippi .............. 841
Footiana (Anodonta) Lea........-------- 625, 642 | Fulvaster (Nodularia) Drouet and Cha-
Footiana (Margaron) Lea..........------ 642 POL tecicie lca Sees ae ONC aes aes eee 819
Forbesiana (Anodonta) Lea.....-.......- 927 | Fulvaster (Unio) Drouet and Chaper .... 819
Forbesiana (Margaron) Lea............-. 707,927 | Fulvus (Margarita) Lea.........-.....-.- 709
Forbesianus (Glabaris) Lea...........-.-. 27 | Fulvus (Margaron) Lea..-.......-...-..- 709
Forbesianus (Unio) Lea .............-..-- 107s ulus) (Unio) Wiear-neeeeeeeeee ees eeeeee 709
Foremanianus (Margaron) Lea ........--. 613 | Fulvus (Unio) Rafinesque...........-.--. 744
Foremanianus (Ptychobranchus) Lea.... 613 | Fumatus (Margaron) Lea..........-..--. 726
Foremanianus (Unio) Lea .......-...-... 613)>) Bumatus!(Umio) Wear sees esse eee 726
Formosus (Unio) Lea ............-.--.--: ol74| Hunckay(Unio)pReeteleesseeees-seeeeeeeeee 882
Forscali (Unio) Parreyss ....-....----.--- 862 | Funebralis (Diplodon) Lea ........-.-...- 887
Forsheyi (Margaron) Lea .............--- 778 | Funebralis (Margaron) Lea...........--- 887
Forsheyi (Quadrula) Lea.............----. 778 | Funebralis (Unio) Lea .........-..--- 885, 886, 887
Forsheyi (Unio) Lea........../..--:-....- 778 | Fureatum (Diplodon) Spix ............-- 871
Fossiculifera (Anodonta) Petel.......... 914 | Furva (Pleurobema) Conrad.....-..-.-.-- 758
Fossiculifera (Fossula) d’Orbigny.......- 914. | Furvus (Unio) Conrad .........-.......--
Fossiculifera (Margarita) Lea .........--. 914-| Fusca (Anodon) Heude.........---.-.---- 638
Fossiculifera (Margaron) Lea ........---- 914 | Fuscatus (Margaron) Lea.:...........--- ALG »
Fossiculifera (Monocondylea) Lea ...... 914 | Fuseatus (Unio) Lea....-...-...-- elas 717
Fossiculiferus (Unio) Catlow and Reeve . 914 | Fusconaia Simpson........ ee SA ae SC 78h
Fossulla’ eae sekseasncccee cae eee es 907, 515, 914 | Fusculus (Unio) Rossmiissler........-..-. 698
758
INDEX. 1015
Page. Page.
Gabbianus (Margaron) Lea.......-.----- 607 | Gibbosa (Amblema) Rafinesque.........- 7038, 744
Gabbianus (Unio) Lea...........-..------ 607 | Gibbosa (Anodonta) Say .._....._...-.--- 635
Gabillotia Sernvainen.4a.ssecesesees- 506,514,649 | Gibbosa dunlapiana (Anodonta) Lea ___. 636
Gabonensis (Margaron) Lea...-.--..----- 823 | Gibbosa ( Dysnomia) Agassiz ......___._- 523
Gabonensis (Nodularia) Kuster...-....-- 823 | Gibbosa.(Margarita) Lea................. 636
Gabonensis ( Wmio) BKeUS tenseeeeeeeeeeeec 823 | Gibbosa (Margaron) Lea .......___.-_...- €36
Gaditana (Mya) Schreibers -........-.--- S4es Gio bosan @Miya)) sa tom) sense hence eee ee 703
Galilei (Unio) Locard............-----.-- 693 | Gibbosula Simpson...........__- 506, 509, 514, S04
Gallandi (Anodonta) Bourguignat ...-.--- 648 | Gibbosus arcus (Unio) Conrad ........... 704
Gancinensis (Spatha) Rochebrune.....-- 902 | Gibbosus armathwaitensis (Unio) B. H.
Gangrenosus (Unio) Schmidt ..........-- 698 AWS Os eeeccre cae ee ss a ear 70h
Garou (Umi10) ehilippieca.-sscs-s+ceo as: 678 | Gibbosus delicatus (Unio) Simpson ...... 704
Gargotte (Unio) Rossmiissler .........-.- 698 | Gibbosus (Margarita) Lea ..........5....- 703
Gassiesi (Diplodon) Kuster.........------ 881 | Gibbosus (Margaron) Lea................ 703
Gassiesi (Unio) Kuster ...............---- 881 | Gibbosus perobliquus (Unio) Conrad..... 520
Gastonensis (Margaron) Lea ....-...--..- 723 | Gibbosus perplexus (Unio) Petel ........ 523
Gastonensis (Unio) Lea ..............---- 723 | Gibbosus subgibbosus (Unio) Lea........ COL
Gaudichaudi (Margaron) Lea.......----- S129) Gab bosust@Uiniio) see aeaaes ee eee eee eee 510
Gaudichaudi (Nodularia) Eydoux -.....-.. 812 | Gibbosus (Unio) Barnes.......... 504, 545, 703, 707
Gaudichaudi (Unio) Eydoux...........-.. 812 | Gibbosus (Unio) Ferussac.___.-.......... 523
Geddingsianus (Margaron) Lea .....-.--. 715 | Gibbum (Anodon) Benson ....--......-.- 638
Geddingsianus (Unio) Lea ..........-..-- 715 | Gibbus (Unio) Spengler .................. 862
Geminus (Margaron) Lea .......-...--.-- 733 | Gigantea (Anodonta) Lea........-..-..-. 643
Geminns (Unio) ea... 0...-..---2-2---- 5: 733 | Gigantea (Cameronia) Bourguignat..._.. 909
Generosus (Lamellidens) Gould.........- 857 | Gigantea (Columba) Petel..............- 923
Generosus (Margaron) Lea..........----- 857 | Gigantea (Margarita) Lea................ 643
Generosus (Unio) Gould ...........-..-.--- 857 | Gigantea (Margaron) Lea ................ 643
Genezarethensis (Unio) Locard .......--. 690 | Giganteus (Anodon) Spix ...............- 916, 923
Genthii (Margaron) Lea............-...-- dol Giganteus)(Umio)) Wearenn- ene a-eececcee 767
Gentine (Wnio)) eases s44-442 25-555 ool | Gigas (Complanaria) Sowerby ..-........ 666
Gentiliana (Barbala) Heude ...........-- 586 | Gigas (Megadomus) Swainson...........- 608, 666
Gentiliana (Cristaria) Heude ............ 586 | Gigas (Unio) Sowerby ................--.- 608
Genuinus (Margaron) Lea ....-.......--- 548 | Giraudi (Cameronia) Bourguignat ....._. 910
Genuinus (Unio) GCA ee te siete See eras 548 | Giraudi (Grandidieria) Bourguignat..... 830
Geometricus (Unio) Lea........-.-....--- 740 | Giullaini (Anodonta) H. and A. Adams... 933
Georgiana (Alasmidonta) Lea..........-. CUO || Chay oats Caen s con coccécaseansoseccoucaas6 501,
Georgiana (Margaritana) Lea ..........-- 670 507, 515, 648, 914, 916, 918, 919, 923, 926, 930, 932
Georgiana (Margaron) Lea......-....---- 670 | Glaber (Margarita) Lea ....-............. 554
Georgiana (Pleurobema) Lea ...-....-..-- 761) |>Glaber (Margaron)) eas -s- 4... 92s -ncesee 554
Georgian (Anodonta) Griffith .......... C7 || Gel oer (What) Ico asacodegesasbeddsooce- 554
Georgianee (Glabaris) Griffith ...........- 927 | Glabra (Anodonta) Stabile ............... 623
Georgianus (Margaron) Lea............-- 761 | Glabrata (Unio) Lamarck ................ 721
Georgianus)(Umio) bea. 32.-5-.22----2-26- 761 | Glabratus (Unio) Sowerby............... ea OOU
Georgina (Unio) Lamarck................ 721 | Glabrus (Anodon) Sowerby ..-...-......- n922)
Gerbidoni (Unio) Eydoux................ 811 | Gladiator (Unio) Ancey..................- 862
Gerhardtii (Lampsilis) Lea............-.. 532 | Gladiolus (Nodularia) Heude ............ 807
Gerhardtii (Margaron) Lea .....-..-..... 532);| Gladiolus (Unio) Heude....-2-.- 2.22222: 807
Gerhardtii (Wmio) eas.css2.2526.5.e 2 ele 532 | Glandacea (Quadrula) Lea.............-- 793
Germanus (Lampsilis) Lea......-....-... 565 | Glandaceus (Margaron) Lea ...........-.- 793
Germanus (Margaron) Lea.........-.-..-- 565. | Glandaceus (Unio) Lea --..........-..--- 793
Gerrardi (Unio) von Martens ...---....-- 822 | Glandulosa (Anodonta) Anthony ....-.--- 632
Gesneri (Anodonta) Petel.......-.-2-.___- 634 | Glans (Lampsilis) Lea..............---.-- 565
Gesnerii (Anodonta) Lea.....-..-.-.---_- 634 | Glans (Margarita) Lea ...........-..---.- 565
Gesnerii (Margaritana) Lea ............-. 619 | Glans (Margaron) Lea.....--:..-.-2.2-5-- 565
Gesnerii (Margaron) Lea..........-:...-. GI9KG34al Glanes (Wm10))Weasaceea-ces seen eer ce 565
Gesnerii (Strophitus) Lea .....-........-. 619 | Glauca (Anodonta) Valenciennes......-- 926
Gesnerik(Wnio)sbeameseren se sa-eeeeeeeea 727 | Glauca cinaloensis (Anodonta) Crosse and .
Gianelli (Unio) Tapperone-Canefri....... 862 Misc erase ees ee ene 926
Gibba (Margaron).Lea.....-....2.22:--.2- 638 | Glauca (Margarita) Lea ..-.......-..-..-- . 926
Gibber (Margarita) Lea .................. 762 | Glauca (Margaron) Lea.............-.--- 926
Gibber (Margaron) Lea -..--............- 762 | Glauca (Monocondylea) H.and A, Adams 926
Gibber (Pleurobema) Lea........-.-....- 762.|Glaucinus (Unio) Porro .. 2.2 2.5..5... << 698
Gibberi(Umio) pleases ssse se seeeeeeee 762 | Glaucus cinaloensis (Glabaris) Crosse and :
Gibbesianus (Margaron) Lea............. a2 MMISCH ED issieeis sass SoS acai a oer a sielsi ewe OO:
-Gibbesianus (Unio) Lea............2..2.- -. 732 |.Glaucus (Glabaris). Valenciennes..........924, 926
1016
INDEX.
Page. Page.
GlebulaiConrad tes eee eee eeeeee 506,514,597 | Granosus (Margaron) Lea........---.---- 879
Glebulusi(WUmio) Sayers sere see ee eee eeeee 598 | Granosus (Unio) Schumacher.......-..-- 691
Glenelgensis (Diplodon) Dennent....-... 889 | Grantianus (Unio) Bourguignat.......... 862
Glenelgensis (Unio) Dennent .........---. 889 | Granulatus (Margaron) Lea.-.......-..... 565
Globata (Quadrula) Lea......5....-..-.-- 793 | Granulatus (Truncilla) Rafinesque ...... 518
Globaitus) (Wino) Wweameseeesecees- see ae 793 | Granulatus (Unio) Lea. 2 2-2-2225. 2.- =>. - 565
Globosa (Anodonta) Lea ....-.....------- 646 | Granuliferus (Diplodon) Dunker......... 879
Globosa (Margarita) Lea ........---.----- 530,646 | Granuliferus (Unio) Dunker............. 879
Globosa (Margaron) Lea ........-.------- 646 | Granulosa (Grandidieria) Bourguignat... 829
Globosa (Symphynota) Lea .....-..------ 530 | Gratiosa (Nodularia) Philippi.........---. 815
Globosula (Anodonta) Heude....-..-.--. ‘640 | Gratiosus (Margaron) Lea.............-.- 815
Globosus (Unio) Hanley.-........-.------- 530 | Gratiosus (Unio) Peetel--::.------2-2 22-2. 826
Globullusi(Umio)yPeetell = 2. se eee: 598 | Gratiosus (Unio) Philippi....--...-...... 815
Goascoranensis (Margaron) Lea......-..- 594 | Grateloupiana (Anodonta) Gassies....... 624
Goascoranensis (Nephronaias) Lea ......- 594 | Grateloupiana (Pseudanodonta) Bour-
Goascoranensis (Unio) Lea........-....-- 594 Rulonat poss eee cease eee ee eeete 624
Gonidea ((Conrad))) 3:2 =2-5.42-22---2-- 506,514,657 | Gratus (Diplodon) Lea-...-.....-..-....-.- 886
Gontieri (Unio) Bourguignat......-.--.-- 696 | Gratus (Margaron) Lea ..........-.. ise 886
Gotteschei (Unio) von Martens ....-.-.-..-- 862 | Gratus (Unio) Lea....-.. Bee es yee: 886
Gouldianus (Unio) Ward......-.---...-.- 789 | Gravida (Grandidieria) Bourguignat .-... 829
Gouldii (Lampsilis) Lea.......-.-.-.----- 569 | Gravidus (Lampsilis) Rochebrune ..-...-. 830
Gouldii (Margaron) Lea........-.-..----- 569 | Gravidus (Margaron) Lea.............--- 830
GoulaiiT (Unio) ea) sees eset erence 569 | Gravidus (Physunio) Lea................. 830
Gowhattenensis (Parreysia) Theobald .. . 8/5) | Gravidusi(Unio)) Weare see. ssseeeeeeee 830
Gowhattenensis (Unio) Theobald.....-..- 845 | Gravis (Mya) Wood ......-....-.-.2...--- 539
Gracilentus (Magaron) Lea .......-..---- 131 | MGravasi (Uni 0) pRectelipe eerste ere eee 539
Gracilentus (Unio) Lea .........--..----- 731 | Grayana (Nodularia) Lea.........-...-.. 806
Gracilior (Lampsilis) Lea .........-...--- 559 | Grayanus (Margarita) Lea............... 807
Gracilior (Margaron) Lea .....-..-..-.--- 559 | Grayanus (Margaron) Lea..........-.... 807
Gracilionrs (Umio)nuearee aseeeeeeeeeeerer: 559 | Grayanus (Nodularia)..-.....--..-.---... 809
Gracilis (Anodon) Sowerby .....--------- 573,588 | Grayanus (Unio) Lea........--:.-.--.-2-- 806
Gracilis (Anodonta) Lea ........-.-.-...- 833 | Grayanus (Unio) Schrenck.....-......... 807
Gracilis (Dalliella) Lea ....-..-..-.-.----- 833 | Grayii (Unio) Griffith .......2.2...... eee 807
Gracilis (Lampsilis) Barnes .....-....---- 573 | Grceefianus (Diplodon) von Ihering ...--.. 875
Gracilis (Margarita) Lea ......-.--..-.--. 573 | Greefianus (Unio) von Ihering ...--...... 875
Gracilis (Margaron) Lea -.-......-.-.---- 573, 833 | Grelloisianus (Unio) Bourguignat......-. 689
Gracilis (Metaptera) Stimpson ......-..-: 5730) Greeni (Margarita) Weaieseeseeeeeeeeeee 614
Gracilisk(Miya) atoneeeceee eee eeeeee sere 573 | Greeni (Margaron) Lea: -:--5-2 222222 eee 614
Gracilis (Symphynota) Lea ............-. 73 | Greeni (Ptychobranchus) Conrad........ 614,
Gracilis (Unio) Barmes\)-.22..5-2:2---5-.- 578,881 | Greeni (Unio) Conrad..............-..... 614
Graellsianus (Unio) Bourguignat ......-. 686 | Griffithianus (Margarita) Lea............ 722
Granadensis (Anodonta) Lea .....--..--- 922 | Griffithianus (Margaron) Lea ..........-- 722
Granadensis (Glabaris) Lea .......-...---- 922 | Griffithianus (Unio) Lea ................: 722
Granadensis (Margaron) Lea.........-.--- 744,922 | Grijalve (Anodonta) Morelet.-.-......-.- 926
‘Granadensis (Unio) Conrad ....--......-- 598 | Grijalvee (Glabaris) Morelet.............. 926
Granadensis (Unio) Lea...:......-..----- 744 | Grijoloe (Anodonta) Peetel ...-........2. 926
Grandidens (Margaron) Lea ....--...---- 799 | Grcenlandicus (Unio) M6rch ..-........-.. 854
AGrancidensi@Umio)MWeatasse ae ceeeeee tee 799 | Gruneriana (Anodonta) Clessin........-- 585
Grandidieri (Unio) Bourguignat......... 846 | Guahybee (Unio) von Ihering ...... suet 894
Grandidieria Bourguignat ........... 506, 515,827 | Guaraniana (Unio) d’Orbigny ........... 884
‘Grandidieriana (Burtonia) Bourguignat. 578 | Guarayana (Margarita) Lea...........-.. 911
Grandis (Anodonta) Say -..-...--- 633, 641, 647,648 | Guarayana (Margaron) Lea.............- 911
Grandis benedictensis (Anodonta) Lea... 644 | Guarayana (Monocondylea) d’Orbigny.. 910, 911
Grandis footiana (Anodonta) Lea........ 642 | Guarayana (Unio) Hanley ............... 911
Grandis gigantea (Anodonta) Lea ....-... 643 | Guatemalensis (Quadrula) Simpson...--. 796
Grandis leonensis (Anodonta) Lea....-.--. 643 | Gubernaculum (Unio) Reeve ...--...---. 523
Grandis (Margarita) Lea _.-_............. 642 | Guillaini (Anodonta) Recluz...........-. 857, 858
Grandis (Margaron) Lea .......-....-.--. 642 | Guillaini (Lamellidens) Recluz.......... 858
Granifera pusilla (Quadrula) Simpson ... 795.| Guillemeti (Cameronia) Bourguignat.... 910
Granifera (Quadrula) Lea ...-.........--- 795 | Guillemeti (Unio) Bourguignat ........-. 862
Graniferus (Margarita) Lea ..........-.... 795 | Gundlachi (Nephronaias) Dunker. ...... 595
Graniferus (Margaron) Lea .........-..-.-- 795 | Gundlachi (Unio) Dunker ....-........-. 595
_Graniferus (Unio) Lea..........---------- 795 | Gundlachi(Unio) Sowerby.-...-..-.----- 595
-Granosa (Unio) Bruguiere..........-.---. 878,879 | Guppyi (Ctenodesma) Smith...........-. 853
Granosus (Diplodon) Bruguiere.-.......-. 878 | Habetatus (Margaron) Lea..........-..-- 787
Granosus (Margarita) Lea.......---...--- 879 | Haconensis (Anodonta) von Ihering .... 640
INDEX. LOM
Page. Page.
Haconensis (Nodularia) von Ihering....- 810 | Herculea (Anodonta) Middendorff..-....-. 584
Haconensis (Unio) von Ihering....-..--- 810 | Herculea (Barbala) Peetel..............-. 584
Hagleri (Pleurobema) Frierson....-..--- 757 | Herculea (Cristariv) Middendorff........ 58h
Hagleri (Unio) Frierson........-----.---- 757 | Herculeus (Anodon) Sowerby....--.-.----- 584
aon eig(Umio) i Strubellse ee ase esata 862 | Hermosus (Unio) Bourguignat.........-. 848
Hainesiana (Chamberlainia) Lea .....-.. 5875 |e Elerodest (Unio) Kobelitissee 2 s-eece nesses 690
Hainesianus (Margaron) Lea ........---- 582 | Heros multiplicatus (Unio) Peetel.......- 770
Hainesianus (Unio) Lea..-.....----...--- Do |Eeross(@Quadnula)iSayeeeaee asc aee eee 770
Haleianus (Lampsilis) Lea-......-.....-. 563,564 | Heros (Unio) Kuster. .................... 767
Haleianus (Margaron) Lea-.....-..----.-- Hous PELCTOSH (UNIO) FSayeeeeeee eee eee ee cee enere 770, 771
Haleiantisy (Wm) Weaeess seas s sae 564 | Hertwigii (Anodonta) von Ihering .-..-_.. 925
Hallenbeckii (Anodonta) Lea.-.-...----- 634, | Hertwigii (Glabaris) von Ihering........ 925
Hallenbeckii (Margaron) Lea........-.-- 726 | Heterodon (Alasmidonta) Lea ........--- 668, 669
Hallenbeckii (Unio) Lea..........------- 726 | Heterodon (Margarita) Lea............-. 669
Hamyanus (Unio) Bourguignat.....-..--- 862 | Heterodon (Margaron) Lea ..........-.-. 669
Hanleyana (Castalia) Sowerby...---.---- 864 | Heterodon (Unio) Mea 222.22. 2222-522. 669
Hanleyana (Pleurobema) Lea.......-..-- UR) || JBIGWEAROSOMED soccasaatoandasscentsengsausces Hilal HIG
Hanleyanus (Unio) Lea...-..-...-.....-- 759 | Heudei (Cuneopsis) Heude............... 805
Harlandi (Anodonta) Baird and Adams . 640 | Heudei (Unio) Heude..........-.......-. 805
Harmandi (Monocondylea) Petel.....-. 836 | Hians (Alasmodon) Rafinesque ........-. 673
Harmandi (Pseudodon) Crosse and Hians (Alasmodonta) Ferussac .......--- 665
TAS CVOVET 3 As A UN aE eS oe et 836 | Hians (Anodon) Sowerby ...--.--.--.---- 915
Harmandia Rochebrune .-....-..----- 506, 515, 827 | Hians (Unio) Valenciennes ...........--- 667
Harperi (Pleurobema) B. H. Wright--..-- 759 | Higginsii (Lampsilis) Lea............---.- 540
Harperi (Unio) B. H. Wright...-......-.-.- 759 | Higginsii (Margaron) Lea...-.....--.-.-- 540
Harpethensis (Anodonta) Lea ......-.---- 6449 | PHigeinsii (Unio) heateessesaeee ee eens ee 540
Harpethensis (Margaron) Lea........---- 644 | Hildrethi (Unio) Delessert -.............- 655
Hartmaniana (Margaron) Lea ....-.-..--- 756 | Hildrethiana (Baphia) H.and A. Adams. 673
Hartmaniana (Pleurobema) Lea-.-.-.-.-- 756 | Hildrethiana (Margaritana) B. H.Wright. 673
Hartmanianus (Unio) Lea....-.....------ 7o6 | Hildrethiana (Strophitus) Conrad....___- 673
Hartmanni (Spatha) von Martens....--- 898 | Hildrethianus (Margarita) Lea........... 673
Hartwrighti (Unio) B..H. Wright .....--. 711 | Hildrethianus (Margaron) Lea......:-:.-- 673
Hastatus-(Umio) lea -.2-2.----25..---2--- 727 | Hildrethianus (Unio) Lea...--.-.......-- 673
Hauttecceuri edwardsiana (Parreysia) Einkleyat(Unio) Be Ho Wirightass se. ssse.- 710
LXOUIAWEATA I cocsuadoaseocouSooUEoSabaed 846 | Hippopeeus (Margaron) Lea...---- See 767
Hauttecceuri (Parreysia) Bourguignat -..- SiG um Eappopeeus! (Umio) eases se eee 767
Hauttecceuri (Unio) Bourguignat ......-. 846 | Hippopceus (Unio) Peetel...-.......-...-- 767
Haysiana (Scalenaria) Agassiz ........-- 520 | Hirundo (Chelidoneura) von Martens.... 906
Haysiana (Trumcilla) Lea. ---.2-222.-.--- 520 | Hirundo (Chelidonopsis) von Martens... 906
Haysianus (Margarita) Lea ...-.-....-.-.- 520 | Hirundo (Spatha) von Martens .......... 906
Haysianus (Margaron) Lea ...-.--...---- 520 | Hispanus (Unio) Rossmassler ......-..--- 686
Haysianus (Unio) Lea....-....-.--------- 520 | Hochstetieri (Unio) Dunker ...........-. 889
Hazelhurstianus (Margaron) Lea ......-- 719 | Hockingensis (Anodonta) Call.....--..--- 648
Hazelhurstianus (Unio) Lea -....-.------ 719 | Holstonensis (Margaron) Lea..........--- 747
Hebes|(Margaronm) Wea mes seec cesses 742 | Holstonensis (Pleurobema) Lea..-......-- TAh6
TSO) (What) JUN, SocdosGooosasocesadseoee 742 | Holstonia (Alasmidonta) Lea .........-.- 670
Hebetata (Quadrula) Conrad ..........-. 787 | Holstonia (Baphia) H.and A. Adams..... 670
Hebetatus (Unio) Conrad ...-..........-.- 787 | Holstonia (Margarita) Lea .......-.-....-. 670
Heermannii (Margaron) Lea..........-.- 571 | Holstonia (Margaritana) Lea...........-- 670
leerm amma) (Wm1o) Weaeene ce aeeee sees 571 | Holstonia (Margaron) Lea.-..........---- 670
Heldi (Anodonta) Kuster....-.-.-....... 833 | Holstoniana (Margaritana) Kuster......-. 670
EVelais (Wi) Ksustemace se eee aes 699 | Holstonianus (Unio) Hanley...-.-..-.--- 670
ISIE, 54 555Gn0 9006 sododdecodoenDSogccosen 503 | Holtonis (Anodonta) Lea....--.-.-------- 921
Helvetica (Anodonta) Bourguignat..... 625 | Holtonis (Glabaris) Lea ....-........-.--.- 921
Hembeli (Margaritana) Conrad.......... 679 | Holtonis (Margaron) Lea........-.------- 921
Hembeli (Margaron) Lea ..-........----- GD) || IOMNO EINES so sSoceoskocscousdacuacese 514, 620, 658
Hembeli (Unio) Conrad .....-........ cae 679 | Homsensis (Margaron) Lea .......---.--- 693
HemidoniSwainsonisses-scs-eeeeeee sees 667.4) Hlomsensis)@Umio)) eas: s35--- 2222 sce = - 693
Hemilastena Agassiz ......:...------- 506,514,673 | Hopetonensis (Margarita) Lea.......-.--- 729
Hemiodon Swainson ..-..-----..------.-- 667 | Hopetonensis (Margaron) Lea.......----- 729
Hemiodonta Swainson .-:-2.-.---2.-.-2--- 667 | Hopetonensis (Unio) Lea-........-.-.-.---- 728
Henryana- (Anodonta) Lea.....-..-....-- 635 | Horda (Anodon) Gould ...........------- 635
Henryana (Margaron) Lea .........-.---. 635 | Hordeum (Anodon) Sowerby ....-------- 633
Hepaticus (Margaron) Lea..............- 717 | Horei (Grandidieria) Bourguignat....... 823
Hepaticus (Unio) Lea....-.......-:..---- 717 | Horei (Nodularia) E. A.Smith............ 823
1018 INDEX.
Page Page
Houghtonensis (Anodonta) Currier...-.. 643 | Inerassatus (Mytilus) Sheppard.......... 623
Houngdaranicus (Unio) Tapperone-Can- Inerassatus (Unio) Lea..........-..-:..-. 707
CMs saad Bose sacks Geeakiaes oases cee 844 |, Incurvus (Unio) Lea .............-.------ - 692
Housatonica (Anodonta) Linsley......--- 634 | Indecora (Anodon) Heude..........-..-.- 6389
Housei (Margaron) Lea..........--.---.- 580 | Indefinitus (Margaron) Lea......-..-..-- 724 :
SOWIE (Oia) ILE, cocoococecoocosdesscoe 580 | Indefinitus (Unio) Lea................--- 723 ;
Houstonensis (Margaron) Lea....:....---. 782 | Indicus (Margaron) Lea ...-..--....---.- 844 ’
Houstonensis (Quadrula) Lea..........-. 782 | Indicus (Unio) Sowerby.....-........---- 844
Houstonensis (Unio) Lea............-..-. 782 | Ineptus (Margaron) Lea................-- 742
Hueti (Unio) Bourguignat................ ; 687 |, Ineptus (Unio) Leas -222 222-22 22--- ee 742
Hueti (Unio) Kobelt ..........-.----:---- 694 | Inerme (Aplodon) Spix .......-.--.------ ~ O11
Humerosus (Margaron) Lea............-- 724 | Inerme (Monocondylea) Spix ........... 911
Humerosus (Unio) Lea......-.-..-.---.-- 724 | Inflata (Anodonta) Rafinesque ....-.-... 648
Humilis (Margaron) Lea.....-..-.-:.---- 811 | Inflata (Castalia) d’Orbigny ............- 863
FEhumilisi(Umio) Mea sessencese eee 811 | Inflata (Metaptera) Conrad ............-. 574
Hupeana (Mycetopoda) Clessin.....-..--- 935 | Inflata (Mya) Batons... 2.32222 n-sececns 534
Hupeanus (Mycetopus) Clessin ......-.--. 935 | Inflata (Symphynota) Lea ............-.. _ 574
Hyalinus (Margaron) Lea ..........-...-- 663 | Inflatus (Margarita) Lea...............- 574 —
Ehyallimse (Umi) plea snceneeeeeececercces 663 | Inflatus (Margaron) Lea ........-..--.-.- 574
Hydianus (Lampsilis) Lea ......-..-.-.--- 536 | Inflatus (Unio) Barnes ........-......--s- 534
Hydianus (Margarita) Lea........-.--.-- 536 | Inflatus (Unio) Conrad .......-.........- 568
Hydianus (Margaron) Lea .......--.----. 536) || Imflatus|(Umi0) Han Gye assesses 574
Hydianus (Unio) Kuster .....-..-...--.-- 534 | Infrarostatus (Unio) Schepman.......... 581
Ehycianus) (Unio) Mearseces-ceassseeceeeee 586 | Infucata (Quadrula) Lea -___............. 783, 784
Hygapanus (Nodularia) Bottger ......... 827 | Infucatus (Margarita) Lea ........ aces 784
Hygapanus (Unio) Bottger............---. 827 | Infucatus (Margaron) Lea ............-5- 784
Ehyleea (Unio) id Oxrbignyes-eseee eee eee 884 | Infucatus (Unio) Conrad..........--..-.- 784 -
Hyleus (Diplodon) d@’Orbigny -....-...-. 88), Infulgen's (Unio) Wears. sees eeee 724
Hyleus (Margaron) Lea .........---.-... 884 | Infuscus (Unio) Lea......-....-.--.-.--.- 724
Hivyriaplamarckaereseasececeesceeeree 506,515, 868 | Ingallsiana (Nodularia) Lea ...........-- 816
la Bebo) Srboa} NO) No scscnecoesocoaasaconsce 872 | Ingallsianus (Margaron) Lea ..........-. 816
FLY TIAN ese iageme. acces ee cone emele eee 501,515, 806 | Ingallsianus (Unio) Lea.........-.-...--. 816
Hyridella Swainson .....................- 888 | Inornata (Anodonta) Anthony .....-.... 644
Hypsiprimnus (Parreysia) von Martens. . 849 | Inornata (Anodonta) Kuster...........-- 625
Hypsiprimnus (Unio) von Martens...._.. 849 | Inornata (Nodularia) Lea.............--- 813
Hyriopsis Conrad..........-.-. 505, 506, 511,514,578 | Inornatus (Margaron) Lea.....-...---... «813
Tanthinus (Unio) Philippi ............... 881 | Inornatus (Unio) Lea........-....-.----- 813
Icterinus (Unio) Conrad ...............-. 727 | Inornatus (Unio) Reeve.............-..-- 814
Idgi (Unio) Bourguignat ...-......-...... 862 | Inoscularis (Anodon) Gould ..........--- 837
Idrina (Anodonta) Spinelli............... 624 | Inoscularis (Margaritana) Petel ......... 837
TheringellayPilsbryescseeceseceeeee ce 507,515,913 | Inoscularis (Margaron) Lea...........--- 837
Theringi (Anodonta) Clessin ...........-.. 919 | Inoscularis (Pseudodon) Gould .......--. 837
Iheringi (Glabaris) Clessin .......-..-.--- 919 | Insignis (Grandidieria) Bourguignat...-. 828
Iheringi (Unio) Clessin..................- 894 | Insolidus (Unio) Lea..................--. 664
Theringi (Unio) B. H. Wright.....-....... 712,895 | Instructa (Pleurobema) Lea ............- 756
Mquit(Wnio) Solevletso ss jase eee ee 862 | Instructus (Margaron) Lea..........-..-. 756
Imbecillis (Anodonta) Say ......-..-..--.- 634,635 | Instructus (Unio) Lea.................--- 756
Imbecillis (Margaron) Lea............--. 635 | Insularis (Dalliella) Drouet ....-....-..-. 83h
Imbricata (Anodonta) Anthony ......... 643 | Insularis (Pseudodon) Drouet...........- 834
Imbricatus (Unio) Mérch ......_________- 607 | Insulsus (Margaron) Lea.........-...-..- 716
Imperialis (Unio) Morelet..........-..... 582 | Insulsus (Unio) Lea .-....-..2.......-..-- 716
Implicata (Anodonta) Say......--.--..-. 633 | Intercedens (Margaron) Lea............. 548
Implicata (Margaron) Lea............... 633 | Intercedens (Unio) Lea...........--..--- _ 548
Impressa (Alasmodonta) Anthony....... 670 | Intermedia (Anodonta) Lamarck.....-... 623
Impura (Anodonta) Say ...-.....-.---.-- 635 | Intermedia (Quadrula) Conrad .......... 775
Inzequalis (Unio) Rochebrune..........-.. 862 | Intermedius (Margaron) Conrad........-. 779
Inequivalvis (Anodonta) Lea............ 922 | Intermedius (Unio) Conrad...........-... 775
Ineequivalvis (Glabaris) Lea...........-.- 922 | Intermerata (Anodon) Heude........-..- 639
Inequivalvis (Margaron) Lea..........-.- 922 | Interrupta (Truncilla) Agassiz........... 518
Incarnata (Grandidieria) Bourguignat. -. 830 | Interruptus (Margarita) Lea ............- 541
Incarum (Anodonta) Philippi-.....-..... 921 | Interruptus (Margaron) Lea ............. 541
Inearum (Glabaris) Philippi ....-......-- 921 | Interruptus (Unio) Conrad............--- 518
Incerta (Anodonta) Lea___......-...----- 635 | Interruptus (Unio) Lea ..-.2.....-------: 541
Incerta (Margarita) Lea......-.-...------ 635 | Interruptus (Unio) Say .-.-.....-.-. secs Sei
Incertus (Ptychorhynchus) Simpson....- 851 | Interventus (Pleurobema) Lea....... eer 753
Incrassatus (Margaron) Lea......---.---.- 707 | Interventus (Unio) Lea................-- 793
Imusitatis) (Wmio) Leae.--- 2. --2-224-<- 5-2
Inusitatus (Margaron) Lea.............-.
Inusitatus (Unio) B. H. Wright
ImivenMustus) (Wimio) bea sre asia se) sial-
Involuta (Nodularia) Benson............
Involutus (Margaron) Lea
Involutus (Unio) Benson
Iridescens (Unio) Conrad
Tridina Lamarck
IDRKCIINES Soe Sad atae ae eteO ne Gate nese Ganeae
Tridinea (Solenaia) Heude
Iridineus (Mycetopus) Heude.........--.
Trisans (Anodon) Anthony..-.....---.----
Tris (Lampsilis) Lea..................
ealrisn (Mame ariita) SSCA eras ils eer se
irish(Mangarom)) Weae. ss. 4-cs--4-4-ceseeee
Tris (Unio) Lea
Trrasa (Pleurobema) Lea
Irrasus (Margaron) Lea
Irrasus (Unio) Lea
Irregularis (Anodon) Heude
Irrorata (Cyprogenia) Lea
Trrorata Pusilla (Cyprogenia) Simpson...
Irrorata (Theliderma) Swainson........-
Irrorata (Unio) Deshayes
Irroratus (Margarita) Lea.........-----..
Irroratus (Margaron) Lea
TAROT AES) (WA) Ike so sesoosoecsasc.
Irwinensis (Unio) Lea
Isocardioides (Iheringella) Lea
Isocardioides (Margaron) Lea
Isoecardioides (Plagiodon) Lea
Isocardioides (Unio) Sowerby.....-....--
Jacobeus (Unio) Philippi
Jacquemini (Unio) Dupuy
Jaculus (Unio) Rochebrune..............
Jamesianus (Margaron) Lea
Jamesianus (Unio) Lea
Japanensis jokohamensis
von Ihering
Japanensis (Margaron) Lea
Japanensis (Nodularia) Lea........-.....
Japanensis (Unio) Lea
Japanensis (Unio) Kobelt...... ......--.
Japonica (Anodonta) von Martens....--.
Jaspideus (Margaron) Lea
Jaspidea (Monocondylea) Hupé
Jaspides; (Umio)=Hupe assent see eee
Jauberti (Unio) Locard
Javana (Anodon) Sowerby.....-...------
Javanus (Margaron) Lea.............----
Jayanus (Unio) Lea
Jayanus (Margaron) Lea.........--.-.---
Jayanus (Unio) B.H. Wright.......-..---
Jayensis (Margarita) Lea
Jayensis (Margaron) Lea..........---.--.
Jayensis (Unio) Lea....-.....----2--.----
Jeffreysianus (Diplodon) Lea
Jeffreysianus (Unio) Lea.............----
Jejunus (Margarita) Lea
Jejunus (Margaron) Lea
Jejunus (Unio) Lea
Jenkinsianus (Lamellidens) Benson
Jenkinsianus (Unio) Benson
Jewittiana (Anodonta) Lea
(Nodularia)
Jewittianus (Glabaris) Lea...........-... .
INDEX.
Page.
729 | Jewittii (Anodonta) Lea .................
729 | Jewittii (Margaron) Lea........-...-.....
TPE) |) VENA (OpovOy) IL@H Soest oesdonoosesoudeocu
725 | Jickeli (Nodularia) Simpson ..........-..
817 | Juliani (Nodularia) Rang................
Sime duliamiy (Unio) sRangese. eee es eee eee
817 | Johannis (Margaron) Lea................
744 | Johannis (Pleurobema) Lea..............
902m eJohannish(WUmio)sbeaeeesssen-cneeeee reese
501 | Johnstoni (Pseudavicula) Smith .........
657) Johnstonin (Unio); Smithers s.e eases
607 | Jolyi (Unio) Kobelt .......-...-..-.......
633) Jonesii: (Margarom) Lear =-e-= 2-1-2
HR. BisX3) |) Ai@avesul (Wav) UC So ocsccougcauasaoooconKe
5592 | Jordanicus (Margaron) Lea.........----.
552 | Jordanicus (Unio) Bourguignat........--
552 | Joreti (Anodon) Heude .............-.-..
756,757 | Josseti (Cameronia) Bourguignat ......--
756 | Josseti (Unio) Bourguignat ..........--..
756 | Jouberti (Burtonia) Bourguignat.......-..
638 | Jouberti (Cameronia) Bourguignat ....-.
610 | Jouberti (Moncetia) Bourguignat........
610 | Jouberti (Mutela) Bourguignat ........-.
610 | Jouberti (Unio) Bourguignat -.......-...
610 | Jourdyi (Anodonta) Heude..............
610 | Jourdyi (Brazzea) Bourguignat........-..
610 | Jourdyi (Nodularia) L. Morlet...........
609,775 | Jourdyi (Unio) L. Morlet.............-..-.
724 | Kallethensis (Unio) Peetel................
O13n Katherine: (Unio) Pledasn asec eee.
913 | Keinerianus (Margaron) Lea........-..-..
913 | Keinerianus (Unio) Lea............---...
913 | Kelletti (Anodon) Sowerby.....-.-----.--
881 | Kleiniana (Quadrula) Lea ..........-----
699 | Kennerlyi (Anodonta) Lea.............-.
862 | Kennerlyi (Margaron) Lea..........-.-..
740 | Kennicottii (Anodonta) Lea..............
740 | Kennicottii (Margaron) Lea.........-.--.
Keraudreni (Margaron) Lea........-..--.
810 | Keraudreni (Nodularia) Eydoux.......-..
809 | Keraudreni (Unio) Eydoux.............-
806,809 | Kingi (Medionidus) B. H. Wright........
809 | Kingi (Unio) B. H. Wright-.........----.
810 | Kirki liederi (Spatha) von Mariens......
640 | Kirki (Spatha) Ancey.-........-...--..--.
912 | Kirki (Spathella) Ancey ................-
912. | Kirkii (Margaron) Lea.:..............---
912 | Kirkii-(Parreysia) Lea ..............-..--
GOON Kain kai (Umio)mlbea tere rises cee sice
588 | Kirtlandiana minor (Quadrula) Simpson.
818 | Kirtlandiana (Quadrula) Lea..........-.
817 | Kirklandianus (Lampsilis) B. H. Wright .
714 | Kirtlandianus (Margarita) Lea ........-.-
714 | Kirtlandianus (Margaron) Lea........--.
714 | Kirklandianus (Unio) B.H. Wright-....-.-
714 | Kirklandianus (Unio) Hanley .......-.--
713 | Kirtlandianus (Unio) Lea..-.. soceau seas
891 | Kisonis (Unio) Kobelt........--.---------
891 | Kleiniana (Quadrula) Lea --.-.-.--..----
725 | Kleinianus (Margaron) Lea....-...-.----
725 | Kleinianus (Unio) Kuster........-.------
725 Kdeimianus (Unio) bears een eo = et
857 | Kobelti (Anodonta) von Ihering.....-.-..
S57 le Kobeltil(Umio)) Rolleies are sca. eeseree a=
927 | Koseretzi (Unio)-Clessin:........-...-----
g27 | Kouangensis (Quadrula) Simpson .......
861
692
sl a7 S17
aI
on
xe
1020 INDEX.
Page. Page
Kraussii (Margaron) Lea........-....--.- 867 | Lardelianus (Unio) Pecchioli ............ 684
‘Kerauissiin (Unio) sWeas-eeeeee setae ere eee 867 | Largillierti (Lampsilis) Philippi ......... 577
Ksibianus (Unio) Mousson .......--...--- 692 | Largillierti (Unio) Philippi .....-........ 577, 744
Kullethensis (Margaron) Lea --.--.-.---- 695 | Lasmabrachys (Unio) Rafinesque ....-... 744
Kullethensis (Unio) Lea ...........---.--- 695 | Lasmigona Rafinesque ...............-.-. 664, 673
Kullinthensis (Unio) Petel...........-.. 695 | Lastena Rafinesque ............-- 506, 514, 654, 933
Kunenensis (Nodularia) Mousson......-- 824 | Lata (Anodonta) Rafinesque...........-. 654
Kunenensis (Unio) Mousson ..........-.- 824 | Lata (Lastena) Rafimesque ............... 654
Labacensis (Unio) Rossmassler ....-.---- 697 | Lata (Leptodea) Conrad..........-.....-- 654
Lachrymosa lunulata (Quadrula) Pratt .. 777 | Lateralis (Obliquaria) Refinesque......-. 744
Lachrymosa (Quadrula) Lea..........--- 776,778 | Latialata (Hyria) Sowerby ....-...-..--.- 869
Lachrymosus (Margarita) Lea -.......--- 776 | Laticostasus (Margaron) Lea..........--- 769
Lachrymosus (Margaron) Lea.......-..--- 776 | Laticostatus (Margaron) Lea............. 769
Lachrymosus (Unio) Lea.........--.----- 775 | Laticostatus (Unio) H.and A. Adams.... 769
Lacteolus (Unio) Lea.....-.-..--..------- 873 | Laticostatus (Unio) Lea......:........... 769
Lacustris (Anodonta) Lea..-...-....----- 632 | Lati-marginata (Anodon) Catlow and
Lacustris (Margaron) Lea ........--.----- 632 IRQEWS ocbepocdoesasséscaéonadcucdedoseso 917
Lacustris (Spatha) Simpson ..........---. 898 | Latiquadrata (Castalia) Sowerby .....-... 864
bea ategEy (hob) SEAY 545 boosocsansasaseces 600 | Latiradiatus (Unio) Conrad .............. 541
Levirostris Simpson.......---..---------- 894, | Latissima (Unio) Rafinesque.....-....--- 545
Leevirostris (Unio) Benson .........--.-.- 842 | Latissimus (Unio) Sowerby ....-.-.--..-- 527
Leevissimus (Lampsilis) Lea........--.--- 574 | Lato-marginata (Anodonta) Lea.......-. 917
Levissimus (Margarita) Lea......_.-_---- 574 | Lato-marginata (Margarita) Lea......... 917
Leevissimus (Margaron) Lea.........---+- 574 | Lato-marginata (Margaron) Lea.......-.- 917
Leyvissimus (Symphynota) Lea .....-..--- 574 | Lato-marginatus felix (Glabaris) Pilsbry- 917
Levissimus (Unio) Conrad.......-..----- 574 | Latus (Margaron) Lea ...............---- 728
Lamarckianus (Margaron) Lea .......--- 610 | Latus (Unio) Conrad -...-......-...-...-- 654
Lamarckianus (Unio) Lea .......--.-.--. GlOM | batuss (Unio) sweat esssea see eeee eee eeeeee 728
Lamellatus (Lamellidens) Lea ...---....- 856 | Lauta (Anodonta) von Martens.....-...- 639
Lamellatus (Margarita) Lea...-......-..-. 856 | Lavigerina (Brazzea) Bourguignat ....-- 907
Lamellatus (Margaron) Lea....-....-.--. 856 | Lavigerina (Burtonia) Bourguignat ..... 577
Lamellatus (Unio) Hanley and Theobold. 581 | Lavigerina (Cameronia) Bourguignat.... 910
Lamellatus (Unio) Lea..:.......---..---- 856 | Lavigerina (Mutela) Bourguignat........ 906
Lamellatus (Unio) Sowerby.....-..--.--- 857 | Lavigerina (Spatha) Bourguignat........ 901
Lamellidens Simpson .......- 506, 508, 515, 854,858 | Lavigerinus (Unio) Bourguignat......... 862
Laminata (Anodonta) Rochebrune ...--- 6480 la wii (Wmio) ea ese neers eee 746, 747
Lamphorhamphus............-.--.------: 815, 862 | Lawleyanus (Unio) Gentiluomo....-..... 683
Lampreyanus (Margaron) Lea ......-.... 804 | Layardii (Unio) Lea....2....-...-...-.--- 856
Lampreyanus (Shistodesmus) Baird and azarusi(Um10) Wereesse tees sae eeeeee eee 732
ANC AIS ene ele a NC sans oe a ea OUR 804 | Lazarus (Unio). Sowerby ....-.--...-..--- 704
Lampreyanus (Unio) Baird and Adams.. 803,804 | Leai cinnamomicus (Unio) Heude....... 802
JOGA ONKOL Y DN) 4 soocdaseddedadooucotadsicos 501 | Leai (Diplodon) Simpson ...-........-..-- 876, 881
Lamprotula Simpson .......-.:..-.......- 796 | Leai leleci (Quadrula) Heude.-........--. 801
amipsilishRahinesquesseseeeseseeeeee cence 505, | Leai leleci (Unio) Petel..........-...-..- 801
506, 511, 514, 526, 578, 589, 592,828 | Leai (Margarita) Lea.................-... 801
ManceolariaiCoura dares erase eee eee 806,811 | Leai (Margaron) Lea..........--........- 801
Lanceolata (Arconaia) Lea........--:--.- 860 | Leai (Quadrula) Gray......-..-.-----.--- 801, 802
Lanceolata (Hyria) Lea :...........---.-- 860 | Leai (Unio) Gray.......-2.-.-.--2----2--- 801
Lanceolata (Triquetra) Lea ....-.......-. 859, 860 | Leaii (Iridina) Sowerby.........-..-.----- 908
Lanceolatus (Margarita) Lea....-..--..-- 734, | Weeaii (Platinis) eae easseceeeeeeeeeeeee 908
Lanceolatus (Margaron) Lea....-..-..-..- 734 | Leaii (Pleiodon) H. and A. Adams.....--. 908
Lanceolatus (Unio) Lea........--.--..... 734 | Lechaptoisi (Nodularia) Ancey ........--. 823
Landanensis (Unio) Schepman ....-....-- 823 | Lechaptoisi (Unio) Ancey.......-....---- 823
Landbecki (Unio) Philippi-............-.. 881 | Lecontianus (Margarita) Lea .........--. 733
Landeaui (Cameronia) Bourguignat -...-. 909 | Lecontianus (Margaron) Lea ........-...- 733
Landeaui (Pleiodon) Bourguignat -..-.-... 909 | Lecontianus (Unio) Lea.....-.......----- 537, 733
Languilati (Lepidodesma) Heude.......-. 587 | Ledouxliana (Nodularia) Charmes.....-. 812
Languilati (Unio) Heude ..............-. 586,587 | Ledouxlianus (Unio) Charmes.........-. 812
Languilatus aligerus (Unio) Heude...-.-. 587 | Leeai (Unio) Hanley.........-.....-..--- 801
Laosensis (Anodonta) Fischer.......-..--. 629 | Legrandi (Unio) Petterd................. 891
Laosensis (Margaritana) Lea.-..-.....--- 678 | Legumen (Anodonta) von Martens...... 932
Laosensis (Margaron) Lea....-..-..------ 678 | Legumen (Glabaris) von Martens........ 932
aosensis7(Umio) lean erect es eee 678 | Legumen (Mutelina) Rochebrune .....-- 906
Lapidosus Simpson ...-....---...--------- 700 | Leguminaia Conrad.............- 506, 5138, 514, 651
Lapidosus (Unio) Kobelt..............--- 700 | Lehmani (Unio) S. H. Wright.........-..-- 715
Lapillus (Unio) Say .........-.........--- 525
Leibii (Margaron) Lea ............-...---- 601
INDEX. 1021
Page Page.
Leibii (Obovaria) Lea.............--....- 600,601 | Liebmanni (Unio) Philippi .............. 712
ILe@rlarol (redo) ILE) coooseadabaoccacouacecas 601 | Liederi (Nodularia) von Martens .......- 82h
HC ANG Ai oasis asain d baie weiner 501, 507,515,914 | Liederi (Unio) von Martens.............- 824
weiromian (Unio) Bensoneca-q2s-cese. eee. 811 | Lienosus constrictus (Unio) Conrad ..... 551
Hele ci¢(Winio) PHeuderese-a-eeeeee eee eae 801 | Lienosus (Lampsilis) Conrad...........-. 547
Lemsleyi (Anodonta) Morelet...........- 588 | Lienosus (Margarita) Lea................ 547
Lemsleyi (Pilsbryoconcha) Morelet....-- 588 | Lienosus (Margaron) Lea...............- 547
ILE Wiotell AGeyaNsoIe) Soassooccaooeesoeqnacer 903 | Lienosus unicostatus (Lampsilis) B. H.
Meniors@Margarom)Wuea)....25- 22. ssseess2< 518 Wirigh tee sensaaackinaaeycco aasteene 547
Heniorl(runeila)) weasas-.- ae 518") Lienosus) (Unio) Conradesee=-2-22--5 22-4. 547
IL@mulow (Wi) IWSRy songs oocaosacsoseeuunes 518 | Ligamentina (Unio) Lamarck ........... 539,877
Lenis:(Unio) Conrad .........-....-..---- 527 | Ligamentinus gibbus (Lampsilis) Simp-
IL@rauls| (Wat) IU socoscooedubGbcoaaecocess 518 ROR SOR TO Or AC BAG ou cone ee CEE naee 510
Lens depygis (Obovaria) Conrad........- 601 | Ligamentinus (Lampsilis) Lamarck ..... 539
sensi @Wargaritta’)) Weay sae esse oe sesarseiee 600 | Ligamentinus (Margaron) Lea.........-- 539
hensyMargvarom) lea ss2.-5- 2c ceo l ee 6008 | Mig atusk(Unio)ucarsae ase senee eee ee 724
wens (Obov aria), Wea -eecsece ae see ceees 600 | Ligula (Unio) Mousson .............----- 862
ENS SUM PSOM eee ici aeclel-ise clsinie(aisieieriseie 831 | Lima (Nodularia) Simpson .....--.--.---- 820
ILGIAGS (Wiad) IVES) Soscosusoodesoceuonsooace 600,601 | Limatulus (Margaron) Lea........-..--.. 716
Lenticularis (Anodonta) Lea ........-.-. 922 | Limatulus (Unio) Conrad ....-........... 716
Lenticularis (Margaron) Lea............- 922| | Limensis (Unio) Kuster ...-..-....-.----- 881
Lenticularis (Pleurobema) Lea .......... Mol |) ibphanwneer) JOVI op annaacsossucocdoabacaccane 620, 679
Lenticularis (Unio) Lea.................. 761 | Limnoica (Anodonta) d’Orbigny .....-..- 921
Lentiformis (Aplodon) von Ihering...-... 913 | Limnoica (Glabaris) d’Orbigny........-- 921
Lentiformis (Margaron) Lea............- 913 | Limnoica (Margarita) Lea ........-...... 921
Lentiformis (Monocondylea) Lea ..-.-.- 912 | Limnoica (Margaron) Lea.........-...... 921
Leonensis (Anodonta) Lea.........--.--- 643 | Limosa (Anodon) Heude............-.--- 638
Leonensis (Margaron) Lea....-.......--- 643 | Limosus (Unio) Kobelt.........-...--.... 683
Leopoldvillensis (Burtonia) Putzeys....-. 577. | Limosus (Unio) Nilsson ......-...----..-.- 682
Leopoldvillensis (Parreysia) Putzeys..-... 845,846 | Lincecumii (Margaron) Lea ..-.......... 768
Leopoldvillensis (Pseudospatha) Putzeys Gp |\\ Waboveexeobanvht (Open) IUEEY Ssoceoacacocouccse 768
Leopoldvillensis (Unio) Putzeys........- 846 | Lindsleyi (Margaron) Lea..-....--..-..-- 542
Leotandi (Anodonta) Guppy. ...-.-..----- 929 | Lindsleyi (Unio) Lea..........--.....-..- 542
Leotandi (Glabaris) Guppy .........--.-- 929 | Lineata (Anodon) Heude..-..-....-....-- 638
Leotandi (Margaron) Lea....-..........- 929 | Lineata (Unio) Valenciennes ..........-- 536
Lepidior (Diplodon) Lea................- 880 | Lineatus (Margaron) Lea.........-.-.... 528
Lepidior (Margaron) Lea ........--.------ 880 | Lincecurii (Unio) Petel.-.......-......... 768
Lepidodesma Simpson ............--- 506,514,586 | Lineatus (Unio) Lea ......:......-......- 528
Lepidus (Margaron) Lea............-..-- 561 | Lineolata (Obliquaria) Rafinesque..-..-- 744
Lepidus (Unio) Gould..........-......... 561 | Lineolata (Plagiola) Agassiz ............- 604
Wepidusy(Wmio) Leas eeeeesceia-aciee ee 880 | Lineolata (Unio) Say..-.....--.-.--.----- 604
Lepsii (Spatha) Jickeli..................- 896 | Lineolatus (Unio) Conrad...............- 604
Lesleyi (Margaron) Lea...........-.....- 748 | Lingueformis (Anodonta) Morelet ....-. 587
Lesleyi (Pleurobema) Lea ............--- 748 | Lingueeformis (Margaron) Lea.......-.-- 554, 587
Ibesieval (What) 12k soocaebeocoooousoscaaoe 748 | Lingueeformis (Pilsbryoconcha) Morelet- 587
Lessoni (Diplodon) Kuster ............--. 890 | Linguseformis (Unio) Lea ..........-...--. 554
Lessoni Unio) Kuster ...............----- 890 | Lingulata (Anodonta) Hupe ........-.--- 929
Lesueurianus (Margaron) Lea ..........-. 792 | Lingulata (Glabaris) Hupe.-.............- 929
Lesueurianus (Unio) Lea ............-..-. 792 | Lingulata (Margaron) Lea..............- 929
Leptodea (Rafinesque) Conrad.........-. 654 | Lingulatus(Rectidens) Drouetand Chaper 854
Leptodon (Lampsilis) Rafinesque.....-..- 575 | Lingulatus (Unio) Drouet and Chaper ... 854
Leptodon (Leptodea) Conrad ...........- 575 | Linneana (Anodonta) Lea .............-- 646
Leptodon (Symphynota) Ferussac ......-. 575 | Linneana (Margaron) Lea ....-..--.....- 646
Leptodon (Unio) Rafinesque...........-- 57a |e lita (pleurobema) leas cna eieeissne 761
Letourneauxiana (Pleiodon) Bourguig- Lithophagus (Unio) Ziegler..........-.-- 812
IMAL, soadncsoneocas gonauodeaguug eaSuSsHcSS 909 | Litoralis (Margarita) Lea ........-....--- 691
Letourneuxi (Anodonta) Bourguignat... 627,649 | Litoralis (Margaron) Lea ..........-..--- 691
Letourneuxi (Colletopterum) Bourguignat 649 | Litoralis (Unio) C. Pfeiffer ............-... 678
Letourneuxi (Unio) Bourguignat.......-. 686 | Litoralis umbonatus (Unio) Rossmiassler. 691
Letourneuxi (Unio) Kobelt......-....... 692 | Littoralis acarranicus (Unio) Kobelt....- 691
Letourneuxiana (Chambardia) ....-....- 902 | Littoralis minor (Unio) Rossmiissler..... 691, 698
Levigata (Unio) Rafinesque...........--- 744 | Littoralis pianensis (Unio) Kobelt.....-- 691
Lewisii (Anodonta) Lea.............-.--- 642 | Littoralis (Unio) Lamarck. ...... 690,691, 692, 693
Lewisii (Margaron) Lea............-..... 755 | Litturata (Anodonta) Hupe..........-.-- 931
Lewisii (Unio) Lea... -. ec ccs 642,755 | Lituratus (Glabaris) Spix........-...----. 931
Liebmanni (Margaron) Lea.............. il Di lelel bush (Omi ©) Msc aersecersice seleleleieiciaieloleteieieierer= 761
1022 INDEX.
Page ‘ Page
Livida (Anodon) Heude.........-...-..--- 638 | Lutulentus (Unio) Gould............-.... 892
Lividus (Lampsilis) Simpson.........---- 571 | Luxata (Anodonta) Kuster..............- 625
Livingstonensis (Burtonia) Bourguignat . 578 | Luxurians (Unio) Kuster ....-....-..-... 699
Livingstonensis (Margaron) Lea ....-...- 729 | Luynesi (Unio) Locard.....-...........-. 693
Livingstonensis (Pseudospatha) Bour- Lycicus (Unio) Rolle..................... 692
(aur leeenet ede Aakasnacousconmeanuccade 578 | Lyonii (Margaron) Lea......-..........-- 751
Livingstonensis (Unio) Lea ...........--. 729 | Lyonii (Pleurobema) Lea ........-...--.. 751
Lobata (Unio) Philippi-.............--..-- 686) aay onlin (Umi) peameasseeeeeeeeee eerie 751
Locardi (Gabillotia) Servain............. 650°) Akbymmrum'\Okem) <2 eye eee sae 679, 680
Locardi (Leguminaria) Simpson .......-.. 652,653 | Lymnoica (Anodonta) Chenu............ 921
Locardiana (Cameronia) Bourguignat .. . 910 | Mabiilei (Pseudodon) Rochebrune....... 840
Locardiana (Chambardia) .......-----.-- 902 | Mabillei (Spatha) Jousseaume ........... 897
Locardiana (Grandidieria) Bourguignat. 830 | Mabilli (Mutelina) Rochebrune.......... 906
Locellus (Margaron) Lea..........-.----- 876 | Mabilliana (Cameronia) Bourguignat ... 910
Locellus (Diplodon) Lea......-...-...---- 876 | Maccarthianus (Unio) Kobelt............ 692
ocellus\(Unio)) ea. -222-4---ses-- eee 876 | Maccarthyanus (Unio) Bourguignat ..... 687
Hongina; (iridimay) Wears sess sere t= 929 | Macer (Margaron) Lea................... 728
Longinus (Anodon) Spix.....-....------- 929) | Miaicers (Wino) Weak see eescmerceeseeceere 728
Longinus (Glabaris) Spix.............---- 929 | Macilenta (Anodonta) Morelet..........- 624
Longinus (Mycetopus) Clessin ........--- 929 | Macilentus (Unio) Benson ..............- 813
Longirostris (Unio) Rossmiissler ........- 682 | Macmurtrei (Margarita) Lea............- 908
Longitudinatus (Unio) Anton...........- 862 | Macmurtrei (Pleodon) Conrad........... 908
Longus (Unio) Philippi .-..........------ 882 | Macnielii (Nephronaias) Lea...........-. 593, 594 ss
Loomisi (Pseudodon) Simpson ........--- 8£0| Macnieliis (Unio) sleaseeeeeeaeee eee 593 3
iorteti (Umio) Kobeltie sss.) .5-44-eee 690 | Maconensis (Margaron) Lea.............. 736
Morteti; (Unio) Wocard sessed 688 | Maconensis (Unio) Lea................-.- 736 :
Lourdelli (Nodularia) Bourguignat ...--. 26 | Macrodon (Margaron) Lea............... 605 %
Lourdelli (Unio) Bourguignat......-..-.-- 826 | Macrodon (Plagiola) Lea................. 605 :
Lucasi (Anodonta) Deshayes..........--- 27 | Macrodon (Unio) Lea .................... 605 .
Lucasii (Margaron) Lea........---...-.-.- 627 | Macropterus (Unio) Dunker.............. 894.
Lucida (Anodonta) d@’Orbigny .......---- 921 | Macula (Mytilus) Sheppard .............. _ 623
Lucida (Anodonta) Heude...........--.- 640 | Maculata (Pleurobema) Conrad.......... 7L6
Lucida (Glabaris) d’Orbigny .....-...---- 921 | Maculatus (Margarita) Lea .............. ‘746
Lucida (Margaron) Lea-..............-.-- 921 | Maculatus (Margaron) Lea...............- 746
Lucidus (Margaron) Lea...........-....- 716 | Maculatus (Unio) Conrad................ 746
Mucidus\(Unio) Mea e-tee-see see eee eee 716 | Madagascariensis (Unio) Sganzin........ 862
Ludovicianum (Diplodon) Rochebrune. - 862 | Magnifica (Anodonta) Clessin ........... 584
Lugens (Nodularia) Drouet and Chaper.. 818 | Magnifica (Anodonta) Lea............... 637
Lugens (Unio) Drouet and Chaper....-..-. 818 | Magnifica (Burtonia) Bourguignat....... 7 Baa
Lugubris (Anodonta) Say ....-.........-- 648 | Magnifica (Margarita) Lea..............- 637
Lugubris (Margarita) Lea...........:...- 715 | Magnifica (Margaron) Lea............... 637
Lugubris (Margaron) Lea...............- 715 | Magnifica (Symphynota) Lea............ 637
Lugubris (Unio) Kuster .........2...-2-.-- 723 | Magnificus (Unio) Sowerby .............. 585
Mugwbriss (Unio) Wears ses a-sseeceee cece 715 | Mainwaringi (Unio) Nevill .............. 856
ILD MlovENS ((Opaulo)) SEY Sondsoecaucocadcoooce 568 | Maltzani (Unio) Kuster .................- 683
Eunulatus) (Unio) Pratt 2535-22 4-- eee. 777 | Manca (Unio) Lamarck .................. 682
Lunulifer (Margaron) Lea .............-- 689) | Manca (Unio): Maillleteeeaecreeeeeeseseeee 699
Lunulifer (Unio) Bourguignat -.........- 689 | Mandarinus (Unio) Lea.................. 815
Luridus (Margaron) Lea .........-......- 705 | Mandelayensis (Unio) Theobald ......... 843
Wuriduss (Unio) PWeayeens-ceeeceececae es 705 | Mandinguorum (Unio) Rochebrune ..... 826
Lurulenta (Anodonta) Morelet..........- 647 | Manhoti (Pseudodon) Conrad............ 839
Lusitana (Anodonta) Morelet ............ 623 | Manubius (Margaron) Lea............... 740
Tutenss (Umi) eibeae ate eee nena 841 | Manubius (Unio) Gould.................. 740
Luteola (Anodonta) Lea ................- 920 | Manubrius (Unio) Petel ..............-.- 740
Luteola (Margaron) Lea ......-.-.......- 920 | Marcens (Unio) Hanley and Theobald... 843
Luteola (Unio) Lamarck .......0.....-.--- 534 | Mardinensis chantrei (Leguminaia) Lo-
Luteolus (Glabaris) Lea........--.--..... 920 CALE! 52 joss sn cn eae ee eee Eee 651
Luteolus (Lampsilis) Lamarck .........-- 53), | Mardinensis (Leguminaia) Lea ...... 651, 652, 653
Luteolus (Margarita) Lea ......-......... 634 | Mardinensis (Margaritana) Clessin ...... 651
Luteolus (Margaron) Lea .........--..--- 534 | Mardinensis (Margaron) Lea......-...... 651, 695
Luteolus rosaceus (Lampsilis) De Kay... 535 | Mardinensis (Monocondylea) Lea........ 651
Luteolus (Unio) Sowerby...........-...-- 39) | Mardinensis (Unio) Wearssse-easneee os 695
Luteus (Margaron) Lea ......---...------ 842 | Margaritana Schumacher ..-. 501, 506, 518, 514, 674
uteus\ (Unio) Wea wee sce eee ace : 841 | Margaritifer minor (Unio) Rossmiissler .. 675
Lutulentus (Diplodon) Gould.....2.....-. 892 Margaritifer (Unio) KUStCL Ja scneeseee ees 676
Lutulentus (Margaron) Lea.............- 892 | Margaritifera (Alasmodonta) Conrad .... 675
INDEX. 1023
Page. Page.
Margaritifera (Baphia) H.and A. Adams. 675 | Mauritianus (Unio). Lea.................. 833
Margaritifera (Baphie) Meuschen......-. 675 | Menielii (Anodonta) Anthony ........... 644
Margaritifera (Margarita) Lea........... 675 | Mearnsi (Lampsilis) Simpson ............ “564
Margaritifera (Margaritana) Linneus ... 513, | Mearnsiana (Anodonta) Simpson ........ 630
674, 677, 678,741 | Mecklenbergensis (Margaron) Lea....... 723
Margaritifera (Margaron) Lea ........--- 675 | Mecklenbergensis (Unio) Lea............ 723
Margaritifera (Mya) Linnzeus........ 674, 675,676 | Medellinus (Margarita) Lea ............. 592
Margaritifera (Unio) Draparnaud........ 675 | Medellinus (Margaron) Lea.............. 592
IMSS ATOMEWCA eet ene ec ccise ciscceesececece 501 | Medellinus (Nephronaias) Lea........_.. 592
Marginaliscandaharica(Unio)Hanleyand Medellinus/((WUnio)) Weasey..5---s45--20-- 592
MMC Oba Geretemaisciscisiascicie cise chen tes aoe 855 | Mederianus (Unio) Kuster............... 818
Marginalis candaharicus (Lamellidens) Mediastinus (Ptychorhynchus) Heude... 851
Hanley and Theobald................-- 855 | Mediastinus (Unio) Heude.............-. 851
Marginalis corriana (Unio) Hanley and Mediocris (Margaron) Lea .............-. 723
PINE O Dal eee sass misisisine cise eis ce cistern SUS) || Witeobiooals (pawl) IVR Sou Sconeaocecusadoee 723
Marginalis cylindricus (Lamellidens) Medionidus Simpson............- 506, 510, 514, 588
Hanley and Theobald.................. 855 | Medius (Margaron) Lea.................. 755
Marginalis cylindricus (Unio) Hanley and Medinsi(Unio) pieaeeescee sesso aoe 755
Ae Oya] Geese jase etsi= ce cicisreisiseiajstniciae' 855 | Medius (Unio) Reeve ........-....-..--.- 753
Marginalis hanleyi (Lamellidens) Simp- Megadesma (Barbala) Peetel ............. 587
BOM soondacpsoodoennacasocsosocaedsansece 855 | Megadesma (Cristaria) von Martens ..... 587
Marginalis (Lamellidens) Lamarck.....- 854 | Megadomus Swainson ........ daalamer ana 608, 662
Marginalis (Margarita) Lea .............. 855 | Megapterus (Unio) Morelet ........-...... 579
Marginalis (Margaron) Lea ...........--. 855 | Melanochlorea (Anodon) Heude......... 638
Marginalis obesa (Unio) Hanley and The- Melinia (Anodonta) Bourguignat.......- 625
Oba] Geren cista mic sisicis sci arspiei starts welts 855 | Melinus (Unio) Conrad..........-.....-.- 53
Marginalis obesus (Lamellidens) Hanley Melleus (Margaron) Lea .....-..-...-..-- 597
eval WNaeO RNG) sseeoocopadooseoossasucces 855 | Melleus (Nephronaias) Lea .............. 597
Marginalis tricolor (Lamellidens) Kuster. CED |) MCE WS (Osa) JHE, Socadacacosodscsaceoce 597
Marginalis (Unio) Lamarck.............. 854,855 | Mellinus (Unio) Petel ................... 536
Marginata (Alasmidonta) Say......-- 670, 671,765 | Membranacea (Anodonta) d’Orbigny .... 917
Marginata (Alasmodonta) Say -........-- 670 | Membranacea (Unio) Hanley .:.......... 888
Marginata (Anodon) Ferussac .......-.-.- 617 | Membranaceus (Glabaris) Maton ........ 918
Marginata (Anodonta) C.B. Adams ...-.-. 671 | Membranaceus (Margarita) Lea.......... 919
Marginata (Anodonta) Say............--- 632 | Membranaceus (Margaron) Lea.......... 919
Marginata (Baphia) H.and A. Adams.... 671 | Membranaceus (Mytilus) Maton ......... 918
Marginata (Margarita) Lea ............-- 671 | Membranaceus (Unio) Hanley ........... 919
Marginata (Margaritana) Gould .......-. 671 | Menardi (Unio) Bourguignat ............ 862
Marginata (Margaron) Lea..-............. Gals | >Menelikii(Unio)Solilletss. S20... -- secs 862
Marginata truncata (Margaritana) B. H. Menkianus (Margarita) Lea.............. 541
\KHHIEU cossb been seeoagsppnecdodsEseaeaas 671 | Menkianus (Margaron) Lea.........-.--- 541
Marginata (Unio) Hanley...........-.... 671 | Menkianus (Unio) Lea .......-.-...-..... 541
Marginatus (Mytilus) Eaton ........-.... 631 | Menzieni (Margaron) Lea.-............... 889
Marginis (Margaron) Lea .............-.. 566 | Menziezi depauperatus (Diplodon) Hut-
Marginisi(Umio) Weaijocss: ses. o-sese se 566 POM esas sere ees ye ahatate Tate weenie 890
Marioniana (Cameronia) Bourguignat. .. 910 | Menziezi (Diplodon) Gray ............... 872, 889
Maris-galilei (Unio) Locard...-.......... 693 | Menziezi hochstelleri (Diplodon) Dunker 889
Marnoi (Spatha) Jickeli ..........-...... 899 | Menziezi rugatus (Diplodon) Hutton .... 889
Marryattana (Anodonta) Lea...-........ 6425 |e Menziezig(Umio i Grayenneseeeeeceeeces oe 889
Marryattana (Margaron) Lea .........-.. 642 | Menzieziana (Unio) Reeve.......--..-..- 889
Marshii (Unio) B.H. Wright.............. 714 | Merceri (Margaron) Lea..-....:..-..----. 718
Martensi (Anodonta) Clessin ............ O28) || Wiesel (Oper) Ibe oc a segaaacsdancooessos 718
Martensi (Castalina) von Ihering ........ 865 || Merdiger (Unio) Reeve ......-:..--.-.---- 700
Martensi (Diplodon) von Ihering .......- 882 | Meredithii (Margaron) Lea ....-.........- 761
Martensi (Spatha) Sturany............... 897 | Meredithii (Pleurobema) Lea ...-........ 761
Martensi (Unio) von Ihering............. 882 | Meredithil (Unio) Lea...-..------...----- 761
Masoni (Margarita) Lea...............-.. 709 | Merodabensis (Unio) Kuster .......-.---- 842
Masoni (Margaron) Lea....-....-......-. 709 | Merus (Margaron) Lea..........---.---:- 708
Masonic(Umio) Conrad) 2 eos ases)- ass <cle GOO | MIGrEDS) (ROnanvos) Ibekh oes soodseasasanonsesoue 708
Massinii((Unio)pMorelet eassesesecen esas ee S30 Ri pMleSOg ence renee: ceeaseeoe tcc oreee ce 514, 609
Matoniana (Mytilus) d’Orbigny.......... 888 | Metallicus (Lampsilis) Say..............- 572
Matonianus (Unio) Petel................ S88e le Metallicus) (Unio) Sayenseacsesosee-eeaee 572
Mattiroli (Unio) Tapperone Canefri ..... 852 | Metaneurus (Unio) Kuster........-....-- 774
Mattiroli (Virgus) Tapperone Canefri.... 852 | Metanever (Margarita) Lea.........-.... 774
Mauritanicus (Unio) Bourguignat ....... 692 | Metanever (Margaron) Lea ...........-.. 774
Mauritianus (Margaron) Lea...........-- 833 | Metaneyra (Obliquaria) Raflnesque..... 774
1024 INDEX.
Page.
Metanevra (Quadrula) Rafinesque... 773,774, 776
Metanevra (Unio) Swainson ............-. 774
Metaneyra wardii (Quadrula) Lea....... 77h
Metanevrus (Unio) Rafinesque.-.......... 503, 504
Metaniver (Unio) Catlow and Reeve....- 774
Metaplata (Truncilla) Rafinesque......-- 518
Metaptera (Metaptera) Refinesque....--- 567
Metaptera Rafinesque ......-.....----...- 579
Metastriata (Truncilla) Conrad -...-...-- 519
Metastriatus (Unio) Conrad..........-.-.. 519
Mexicanus (Margaron) Lea...-.....-.--- 701
Mexicanus (Unio) Philippi ...--...---..- 701
Mexicanus (Unio) Sowerby ..---...-.--.. 705
Micans (Anodonta) Anthony ..........-- 647
Micans (Margaron) Lea.........--.------ 647, 714
Micanst (Unio) pWeateesssaeteeeeceen eee 714
Micellii (Unio) Kobelt ..........-.---.--- 695
Michaudiana (Unio) Des Moulins.....--- 682
Micheloti (Nodularia) L. Morlet.....-..-.. 81h
Micheloti (Unio) L. Morlet.............-. 814
Michonii (Leguminaia) Bourguignat -.-. 652
Michonii (Margaritana) Peetel ..........- 652
Michonii (Pseudodon) Conrad ......-.--- 652
Michonii (Unio) Bourguignat..........-. 652
Microcondylea Vest........-....--.------ 651, 653
Microcondylus Drouet........-.-.---....- 651
Micromya Agassiz..........---.-.---- 506, 514, 524
Micronaias Simpson........-..-.--------- 743
Micropterus (Physunio) Morelet.-.......- 831
Micropterus (Unio) Morelet....-.-.....-- 831
Microstictis (Quadrula) Heude ....--.-.. 799, 803
Microstictis (Unio) Heude ............-.- 799
Millettii (Anodonta) Ray and Drouet.... 624
Mingorum (Anodon) Heude ..........--. 638
Minima (Anodonta) Millet...........-.... 623
Minor (Alasmidonta) Lea..........-..-.. 668
Minor (Baphia) H. and A. Adams........ 668
Minor (Lampsilis) Lea ..........-..---.-- 562
Minor (Margaritana) Lea................ 668
Minor (Margaron) Lea ......-.-....--.-.. 562, 668
Minor (Strophitus) Conrad..........--... 668
Wibbaxore (OhobKo))) WER SabasocoGcconsosessoacee 562
Minuana (Margarita) Lea.......-..-.-... 911
Minuana (Margaron) Lea................ 911
Minuana (Monocondylea) d’Orbigny.... 911
Minuanus (Unio) Hanley ....-..-.- egiedases 911
Minuta (Anodon) Heude................. 638
Mira (Grandidieria) Bourguignat........ 830
Misellus (Trapezoideus) Morelet......... 859
Misoolensis (Unio) Schepman........-..- 852
Misoolensis (Virgus) Schepman........-. 852
Mississippiensis (Margaron) Lea ....--..-. 547
Mississippiensis (Unio) Conrad.......---- 547
Mitchelli (Unio) Simpson..............-. 711
Modesta (Anodonta) Lea...........-.-.-. 647, 660
Modesta (Margaron) Lea......----.....-- 660
Modesta (Platiris) Lea ...............---- 899
Modesta (Spatha) Lea.............--..--- 899
Modestus (Diplodon) Kuster ....--...---- 881
Modestus (Margarita) Lea......---....--. 876
Modestus (Margaron) Lea..............-. 876
Modestus (Unio) H. and A. Adams ....-. 876
Modestus (Unio) Heude.........-..------ 845
Modestus (Unio) Kuster..........-..-.--. 881
Modica (Pleurobema) Lea .......-----.-- 762
Modicella (Truncilla) Lea.-.......---..-- 518
Page.
Modicellus (Margaron) Lea.............- 518
Modicellus (Unio) Lea .................- e 518
Modicus (Margaron) Lea..............--- 762
Modicus) (Unio) itearkae seas eessesernas: 762
Modioliformis (Lampsilis) Lea ........... 008, 559
Modioliformis (Margarita) Lea........... 559
Modioliformis (Margaron) Lea........... 559
Modioliformis (Unio) Lea................ 559
Meestus (Lampsilis) Lea.................- 565
Meestus (Margaron) Lea.................- 565
Moestusi (Unio) sealers tees eeeeree teens 065
Moineti (Brazzea) Bourguignat.......... 907
Moineti (Burtonia) Bourguignat......... 577
Moineti (Cameronia) Bourguignat....... 910
Moineti (Moncetia) Bourguignat ........ 901
Moineti (Mutela) Bourguignat........... 906
Moineti (Spatha) Bourguignat........... 901
Moineti (Unio) Bourguignat............. 862
Moline (Diplodon) Philippi.............. 881
Moline (Unio) Philippi.........-........ 881
Molleuri (Parreysia) Morlet.............. 849
Molleuri (Unio) Morlet .................. 849
Monceti (Parreysia) Bourguignat ........ 818
Monceti (Unio) Bourguignat............. 848
Moncetia Bourguignat ..................- 901
Mongolicus (Unio) Middendorff.......... 677
Monocondylea @’Orbigny.... 501,507, 515, 910, 912
Monocondylus Morelet ........-...-...... 834
Monodonta (Alasmodonta) Ferussac..... 679
Monodonta (Margaritana) Say........... 679
MonodontalSayaee-sasee eee eeeeeeeerereeee 666
Monodonta (Unio) Say..........-.-....-. 679
Monodontina Conrad .........--..-...-.- 834
Monodontus (Margarita) Lea....-....... 679
Monodontus (Margaron) Lea........-...- 679
Monroensis (Margaron) Lea.............. 710
Monroensis (Unio) Lea....-...-.......--- 710
Montanus (Unio) Heude................. 802
Montanus (Unio) Philippi................ 881
Montanus (Unio) Rafinesque............- 744
Montezianus (Anodon) Sowerby ......... ‘ 922
Montezuma (Anodonta) Lea ....-......-- 923
Montezuma (Glabaris) Lea..........-.... 923
Montezuma (Margaron) Lea ...........-- 923
Monticola (Unio) Heude..........-...... 802
Moorenianus (Unio) Petel....-.......... 750
Mooresianus (Margaron) Lea .......--..- 750
Mooresianus (Unio) Lea.......-..--....-- 750
Moquinianus (Unio) Dupuy........-..... 699.
Moreleti (Margaron) Lea ....-....-..-..-. 687
Moreleti (Pseudodon) Crosse and Fischer. 834, 838
Moreleti (Unio) Deshayes ................ 687
Moreletianus (Unio) Heude.............. 799
Moretonicus (Diplodon) Reeve.........-- 891
Moricandii (Anodonta) Lea.....-.--.-.-.- 927
Moricandii (Glabaris) Lea..............-. 927
Moricandii (Margaron) Lea .............. 927
Morini (Unio) Morelet.............-.....- 702.
Morinus (Unio) Heude...............---- 851
Mortoni (Quadrula) Conrad.............. » 78L
Mortoni (Unio) Conrad..............-.--- 781
Mortoniana (Anodonta) Lea ......-.....- 929
Mortoniana (Margarita) Lea ............- 929
Mortoniana (Margaron) Lea ...--.....--- 929
Mortonianus (Anodon) Sowerby ....-....- 925
Mortonianus (Glabaris) Lea......-......- 929
INDEX. 1025
Page. Page.
Mossambicensis (Nodularia) yon Martens. $13 | Myersianus (Margaron) Lea.....:...-..:. 580
Mossambicensis (Unio) von Martens ...--. SlomiE Miversiamus) (Unio) Wedssss4--e-esese see 577, 580°
Mossulensis (Margaritana) Peetel........- GSiealieV iyi Scan uir GO mwa aero ae eee 679
Mosulensis (Margaron) Lea ....-..-....-- 687 | Mytilloides (Pleurobema) Rafinesque.... 7o4
Mosulensis)(Umio) Mea=22= 2-2-5222 2 ee 687 | Mytilloides (Unio) Conrad ..............: 754°
Mouhoti (Monocondylea) Lea ........... 839 | Mytiloides (Margarita) Lea .............. 790
Mouhoti (Pseudodon) Lea.........-...... 839 | Mytiloides (Margaron) Lea............. 2 790
Mouhotiana (Monocondylea) Lea ....--- 839 | Mytiloides (Pleurobema) Rafinesque .... 765
Mouhotianus (Margaron) Lea.......-.--- 889 | Mytiloides pyramidatus (Unio) Peetel.... 790
Mouhotianus (Pseudodon) Morelet .....- 839 | Mytiloides (Unio) Deshayes....-....-.-.-+ 790
Mouhotianus (Unio) Scwerby.......-.--- 839 | Mytiloides (Uniopsis) Swainson....--..-- 667
Moulinsiana (Unio) Dupuy.............-. 699 | Mytiloides (Unio) Short and Eaton .-.--. 788
Moulinsiana (Anodonta) Dupuy ....--.-- 624 | Mytiloides (Unio) Swainson.-...___-__-...- 793
Moussonianus (Margaron) Lea........... 707 | Nagpoorensis (Margaron) Lea ...--....-. 842
Moussonianus (Unio) Lea ......--.-...-.. 707 | Nagpoorensis (Unio) Lea...........-:-..- 842
Mucidus (Unio) Morelet.............--... GB}: || INN SivehbooIM, 26 oso bocconsoouesaseanaas 868
Mucromaita (bya) Haton.22.225.---: 2.222 703 | Naiades .. 501, 502, 503, 505, 507, 512, 513, 558, 687, 867
Mucronatus (Unio) Barnes...........-.-. HO3m\ Nana (Umi) eoamanckyaseee seer nee eae 691
Muelleri (Unio) Rossmiissler .-.........-- 685 | Nankingensis (Monocondylea) Heude .-. 839
Miihlfeldianus (Lampsilis) Lea .....--... 555 | Nankingensis (Pseudodon) Heude....... 839
Miuhlfeldianus (Margarita) Lea.......... Soo Namus} (Unio) yup Wiyeceeseseeeeae aoe eeere 697
Miuhlfeldianus (Margaron) Lea ........-.. 595 | Napoensis (Anodonta) Lea......-.-.--.-- 920
Miihlfeldianus (Unio) Lea ..............- 505 | Napoensis (Glabaris) Lea ...-...-..--.--- 920
Multicolor (Parreysia) yon.Martens...... 847 | Napoensis (Margaron) Lea....-..-...---- 920
Multicolor (Unio) von Martens........-.. 847 | Nashvillianus (Margarita) Lea.........-.. 547
Multidentatus (Margaron) Lea........-..- 841 | Nashvillianus (Margaron) Lea....---...- 547
Multidentatus (Unio) Philippi--.-..-.... 840,841 | Nashvillianus (Unio) Lea ......-.--..---- 546
Multiplicata (Quadrula) .......-..-..--.- 766 | Nashvilliensis (Unio) Lea ........----.--- 547
Multiplicatus (Margarita) Lea .:......... 771 | Nasuta (Hurynea) Agassiz._....-.---:.-:. 546
Multiplicatus (Margaron) Lea.....-..--.- Cok |) MAR OUES (Mb) IeiWwoNa, 45s oeegeoscoccosduboc] 546
Miultiplicatus) (Unio) Weass:2 2-22 -2-22225- 503,770.) Nasuta (Unio) Lamarck.--5-.-2---------- 703
Multiradiatus (Lampsilis) Lea ........--- 57 |) Neswyndhvrs (Gian) Wek ssoccoasckoncadsonde 735
Multiradiatus (Margarita) Lea........... 532 | Nasutulus (Margaron) Lea.....-........- 735
Multiradiatus (Margaron) Lea.-.-...-... GY) |) NEW wuADUOIS (Opal) IUews sos oseodcocaccaseaue 735
Multiradiatus (Unio) Lea -..--.......-..- 632 | Nasutus (Lampsilis) Say .......-----.---- 545
Multiradiatus (Unio) Sowerby ..-.--.--.-- 534 | Nasutus (Margarita) Lea....-....--...--- 546
Multistriatus (Margarita) Lea............ Si Nasutus; (Margarom) Wear tie oceans one 546
Multistriatus (Unio) Lea -.-..2..-.-....-: 879" | Nasuitus) (Unio) Comrad <2 2- 2-5-2226 se: 735
Multisuicata (Castalia) Hupé ........---- Ges) ||| ANIISULAwIS) (Waabl)) Sey Yosacoocusasscassonuce 545
Multisuleatus (Tetraplodon) Hupé....... Soe Gas || ING UIS Shan osoyn. 5b oscscsosodudsesncccsoedes 839
Mundus (Margaron) Lea.....--..-......-. 747 | Natalensis (Margaron) Lea..........-..-. 825
IMPfovaVshos (Oia) 1WekySesecoccosseseeaseesee (46470) pNatalensis;(Platiris) Wears sa. s4e= sense 898
Murchisonianus (Magarita) Lea...-...... ’ 808 | Natalensis (Spatha) Lea.....-.-..-.-...-- 898
Murchisonianus (Margaron) Lea....-..-. 808) |) Natalensis) (Unio) Meas. 2222-22-62 -2-2-6- 825
Murchisonianus (Unio) Lea.............. 808 | Natolicus (Unio) Kuster.....--..5..--.... 700
Murinus (Unio) Heude.-................- 851 | Navicella (Anodon) Heude ..--..----..--.- 63
Murrayensis (Margaron) Lea......-..---. 753 | Navicula (Anodonta) Peetel........--...- 638
Murrayensis (Pleurobema) Lea.....-..... 753 | Naviculoides (Margaron) Lea....----.-.- 732
Miurnaiyensisy (Umi) Weaees sone nee eeeace 753))\) Naviculoides)(Umio) Maeda s2e 225424 2 732
Musicus (Unio) Spengler........-....--.- 744 | Naviformis (Unio) Lamarck ..........-.. 773
Mussolianus (Unio) Kuster....-..-....... 687 -| Navigoliformis (Margaron) Lea.......... 825
Mutabilis (Diplodon) Lea .....-.-..-..... 894 | Navigoliformis (Unio) Lea...-........-.- 825
Mutabilis (Margaron) Lea......-..-...--- 89! | Nebulosus (Lampsilis) Conrad ........... 553
Meutaliliss(Umio)) wea s: 2a = assess -i ene 894 | Nebulosus (Unio) Conrad ............-..- 553
Mutabilis (Umio) Reeve -...-..--.-..--.-- 893 | Negatus (Margaron) Lea ...........-.:... 787
Mutatus (Unio) Mousson._____.---...___- SLSR mNeratusi(Umio)keake = seeee eee seer ae 787
Mutela Scopoli ....-...2.- 501, 505, 506, 902, 903,930 | Neglecta (Symphynota) Lea ....--..-.-.--- 664
Mutelide..... 501, 502, 505, 507, 512, 515, 895, 906,933 | Neglectus (Margaron) Lea .........-.-.-- 664
IMCD TI a ste eee fesse ees eeciner unccea ae 9005 Neglectus;(Umig) eas: --5255.-+.--2--2--- 664
Mutica (Arconaia) Heude.....-.......... 860 | Neglectus (Unio) Sowerby .......-------- 724
Wye) WabobNeSS ose Ao Goaesesccacudeoococeee 530,620 | Nehringi (Castalina) von Ihering........ 865
WV CRUOMINES 5 oo Gdeencosacdonuaceddosbasece 502 | Nehringi (Glabaris) von Ihering:........ 930
Mycetopoda d’Orbigny.......-...- 507, 515, 905, 933 | Neislerii (Margaron) Lea.........----.--- 771
WMO VOCWONOGWCED +, cocaccossodoosedauenogeS 501 | Neislerii (Quadrula) Lea..............-.- 771
Mycetopus d’Orbigny ...-...-.--- 501, 930, 938,985 | Neislerii (Unio) Lea..........-...-------- 771
Myersianus (Hyriopsis) Lea.............-. 580 | Nephronaias Crosse and Fischer.....- 506, 514, 591
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 65
1026 INDEX.
Page. |
Nervosa (Unio) Rafinesque...........---- (Ad) Nodulatusy (Unio) iSayesss-eeeeeeeeeeeeeee
INeTVOSUS) (Unio) Sayeee cee eeceeee eee ee 605 | Nodulosa (Castalia) H. and A. Adams....
Neusensis (Margaron) Lea ....-..-.-..-.- 722 | Nodulosa (Mya) Wood...................-
Neusensis (Unio) Lea....-.--....2.--.---- 722 | Nodulosa (Quadrula) Wood .............-
Newcombiana (Brazzea) Bourguignat.-.. 907 | Nodulosa (Unio) Lamarck ...............
Newcombianus (Margaron) Lea.......--- 607 | Nodulosus (Margarita) Lea_...............
Newcombianus (Unio) Lea......-.-..---- 607 | Nodulosus (Margaron) Lea...-...........
Newenhuisi (Unio) Schepman .....:..--- 803 | Nodulosus (Unio) Hanley ................
Newtonensis (Anodonta) Lea ...-..-..-..-- 633 | Nodulosus (Unio) Reeve ................-
Newtonensis (Margarita) Lea......--.--- 33 | Nodulosus (Unio) Say.................-.-
Newtoniensis (Anodonta) Troschel .-..-- 633m PeNOlamit (mio) eae eee a eee eee
INGLES) ((Wiavlo)) SEN Seoosonecoonceessuadaece 519 | Nopalatensis (Anodonta) Sowerby....---
Ngesianus (Parreysia) von Martens .-..-. 847 | Normandi (Anodonta) Dupuy..........--.
Ngesianus (Unio) von Martens.........-- 847 | Northamptonensis (Unio) Lea-........-..
Nicaragua (Anodonta) Philippi ........-- 932 | Notatus (Margarita) Lea.................
Nicaraguensis (Margaron) Lea........--- 607 | Notatus (Margaron) Lea....- ee as
Nicaraguensis (Plagiola) Lea...........-.- 607 | Notatus (Unio) Conrad.........-..-......
Nicaraguensis (Unio) Lea..............-- GO |) NOUNS (WpehiO) IER sccsoocgcsaooedesoscce
Nicklianus (Unio) Kuster ...--.......---- 7i1 | Nove-hollandiz (Diplodon) Gray.....-..
Nickliniana (Quadrula) Lea .........--.. 7
Nicklinianus (Margarita) Lea.........-.- 7
Nicklinianus (Margaron) Lea............ 7
Nicklinianus (Plectomerus) Conrad..--..-. 7
Nicklinianus (Unio) Lea 7
Nicobarica (Alasmodonta) Moéreh....-... 838
Nicobaricus (Mytilus) Fabricius ........- 838
Nicobaricus (Pseudodon) Mérch....---.-. §38
Nigellus (Margaron) Lea....:......---..- 718
INMeRelUhNS| ((WaablO)) IUCR) coeasudnessodacasocds 718
Nigerrimus (Lampsilis) Lea......-....-.- 551
Nigerrimus (Margaron) Lea..........-.--. 551
Nigerrimusi(Umio) eases seca cee 551
Nigam (Modiolania)seeeesessseeeeeeee cece 648
Nigra (Unio) Rafinesque ..........---..-- 707
Nigricans (Anodon) Heude .......--...-- 638
Nigrinus (Margaron) Lea.......:..--..--- 560
INE boRDIS!: (Wow) IOC cose Goosanssusnesess 560
Nigritus (Diplodon) Simpson............- 881
Nilotica emini (Mutela) von Martens.... 904,
Nilotica gerrardi (Nodularia)von Martens 822
Nilotica (Iridina) Sowerby-..-..-....-.--.. 904
Nilotica (Mutela) Sowerby...........-... 90), |
Nilotica (Nodularia) Cailliaud........... 821, 822
Nilotical@elatiris)/sbeam ene secee eee eee 904
Nilotica (Unio) Cailliaud..........2...-.. 821
Niloticus (Margarita) Lea.......-.-.-.... 821
Niloticus (Margaron) Lea........-.....-. 821
Niloticus (Unio) Kuster..............-..-- 825
Niloticus (Unio) Sowerby .....-----.----- 879
Nilssonii (Anodonta) Kuster..........--. 625, 643
Nipponensis (Unio) von Martens......... 809
Nitens (Margaron) Lea.........---....--. 549
INGULEING)|(QUAddLO)) IWS coocoSsasoasepucouacacc 549
Nitidulus (Unio) Kuster.............-...- 874
Nobilis (Unio) Conrad.......-..---.-.2-:- 776, 778
Nocturnus (Margaron) Lea......-........ 887
Nocturnus (Unio) Lea..........---..--... 887
Nodifera (Quadrula) Conrad..........--. 782
Nodiferus (Unio) Conrad...............-. 782
Nodosa (Mya) Eaton ..........-..-..-.... 774
Nodosa (Mya) Gmelin...-.....-.......-.- 682
Nodosus (Unio) Barnes............--.-.-- 774
Nodularia” Conradisseeeeeee aera corners 506,
515, 806, 807, 809, 810, 811, 822, 862
Nodulata (Obliquaria) Rafinesque......-. 744
Nodulatus pustulatus (Unio) Petel ...... 782
| Novee-hollandiz (Unio) Gray
| Nubilus (Margaron) Lea
Novee-hollandiz (Margarita) Lea ......--
Nove-hollandiz (Margaron) Gray
Novi-eboraci (Margarita) Lea............
Novi-eboraci (Margaron) Lea............
Novi-eboraci (Unio) Lea
IN/ bY ovUliols (WoW) JOR AS oe so sesuccososScos-
Nucleopsis (Margarita) Lea..............
Nucleopsis (Pleurobema) Conrad ........
Nucleopsis (Unio) Conrad..........-.----
Nucleus (Margaron) Lea
Nucleus (Nodularia) Lea
INMWO ES ((UiebKO)) ILE) Cos cdooososessssescos-
Nuculinus (Unio) Philippi..............-
Numidica (Anodonta) Bourguignat......
Nuttalliana (Anodonta) Lea
Nuttalliana (Margarita) Lea
Nuttalliana (Margaron) Lea ...........-.
Nuttalliana (Nodularia) Lea....--....-.-
Nuttallianus (Margaron) Lea
| Nuttallianus (Unio) Lea...-........-..-.-
Nui (Margaromn)iUeaesen-- sects se ee eeeeee
INuxs (Pleurobema)ueatie tee eeeeeseeeeee
INhub.< (Oa) Neweerts Sogo adoccaccsoocecsco-
INES ((WWhmbO) UE ceceoccaasoseetodousscenos
Nux-persicus (Margaron) Dunker ........
Nux-persicus (Unio) Dunker............-
Nyassz (Unio) Sowerby......-.......---.
Nyassaensis (Margaron) Lea.........-...
Nyassaensis (Parreysia) Lea........--..--
Nyassaensis (Platiris) Lea...........-.-.--
Nyassaensis (Spatha) Lea ................
Nyassaensis (Spathella) Ancey...-.....--
Nyassaensis (Unio) Lea
Nyassaensis (Unio) Smith.......-........
Nyassana (Spatha) Bourguignat
Nyassanus (Unio) Bourguignat
2 | Obesus blandingianus (Unio) Lea..--...-..
Obesus (Margarita) Lea
Obesus (Margaron) Lea
Obesus paludicolus (Unio) Gould
Obesus (Unio) Lea
Obfuscus (Margaron) Lea
Obfuscus (Unio) Lea
Oblatus (Margaron) Lea
Oblatus! (Unio) Meat. sa- eee oeeeee eee 7
&® co I~ IAI
Se oN oN
a Te
ee)
eB
SIoor % OT or
/
Obliqua (Hyria) Petel
Obliqua (Margarita) Lea............-...-
Obliqua (Quadrula) Lamareck......-.-..-
Obliqua (Unio) Wood
INDEX.
Page.
871 | Ocmulgeensis (Margaron) Lea........-..
788 | Ocmulgeensis (Unio) Lea ....-........-.-.
788 | Odatelia Rafinesque..........2522-:2..---
790 | Ogeecheensis (Lampsilis) Conrad........
Obliquaria Rafinesque ... 506, 510, 514, 610, 772, 791
Obliquata (Obliquaria) Rafinesque
Obliquatus (Unio) Say
Obliquiradiatus (Unio) Reeve.-......--.--
Obliquus (Margaron) Lea
Obliquus (Prisodon) Schumacher......-.
Obliquuss@Unio)) Comrads=:-2. 222-22. +252
Obliquus (Unio) Hanley.............-.-.-
Obliquus (Unio) Potiez and Michaux....
wm oO
2m
oe)
&
ro)
Oblita (Anodonta) Lea................--- 660
Oblitay(@largaron) Wear. 22 4 -e-ss- eens a. 660
Oblonga (Anodonta) Millet ......----..-. 623
@blongata (Mya) Wood ..........-.-.---- 536
Obloneqsi(Umilo) Weaeesss---e-cee eee eee. 726
Obnubilus (Margaron) Lea............--- 716
Obnuibilusy (Unio) eaeseese=se-- eee ee 716
Obovalis (Obovaria) Rafinesque ......--. 599, 744
Obovalis Sim psoneesese oe eeeee eee ee eee S40
@bovalis (Unio) Conrad ,-----..---------- 789
Oloovavbis (Wiuwo)) SEiyscoocoscconpbesobscceee 793
Obovaria Rafinesque .........---- 506, 510, 514, 599
Obovata (Mya) Solander......-....-.-.--- 744
Obseurus (Lampsilis) Lea .............--- 4 549, 550
Obscurus (Margarita) Lea..........-..... 550
Obscurus (Margaron) Lea......:..-...--- 590
Obseunusi (Umi) ieaeeasseeee eee eee 549
Obtusa (Anodon) Heude..............--- 638
Obtusa (Anodonta) Heude ....-......---. 639
Obtusa (Cameronia) Bourguignat........ 910
Obtusa (Margarita) Lea ...........------- 931
Obtusa (Margaron) Lea ...........-...... 931
Obtusa (Unio) d’Orbigny................. 882
Obtusata (Anodon) Heude..........-.... 639
Obtusula (Anodonta) Hupe......--..---- 921
Obtusula (Glabaris) von Ihering ......... 921
Obtusula (Margaron) Lea ................ 921
Obtusus|¢Amodon)) Spi -..0-2----- 225-22 - 931
Obtusus_(Diplodon) d’Orbigny ....-...... 882
Obtusus (Glabaris) Spix ............2..-.- 931
Obtusus (Margaron) Lea .............-..- 537
Obtuswsi@Umio)Pbeamss-ceee eee rene eneee 537
Obtusus var. b. lituratum (Anodon) Spix . 931
@Obuneus (Unio) Lea..-....-.....-....-... 747
Occata (Nodularia) Lea .................. 813
Occatusn(Winio)Pucams-creas- cece eo neeeene 813
Occidens (Margarita) Lea................ 527
Occidens (Margaron) Lea..............-. 527
Occidensi(Uni0) bearer seen eee eee 527
Occidentalis (Barbala) Peetel ..........-. 584
Occidentalis (Dipsas) Heude............. 584
Occidentalis (Lampsilis) Conrad......... 551
Occidentalis (Margaron) Lea ............ 551
Occidentalis (Mycetopoda) Clessin ...... 93h,
Occidentalis (Unio) Conrad.............. 551
Occultus (Margaron) Lea ................ 717
Occultuss(Umio) pean aeeeee ee seeee eee 717
Ochracea (Margarita) Lea............... 581
Ochracea (Mya) Eaton................... 530
Ochracea (Symphynota) Lea ............ 531
Ochraceus (Lampsilis) Say............... 530
Ochraceus (Margaron) Lea .............. 5380
Ochraceus (Unio) Say.................- --. 529, 530
Ogeecheensis (Unio) Conrad....._.......
Ohioensis (Anodonta) Rafinesque.......-
Ohioensis (Metaptera) Conrad ...........
Ohioensis (Symphynota) Ferussac.......
Ohioensis (Unio) Say
Oleivora (Solenaia)Heude ...............
Oleivorus (Mycetopus) Heude
Olivaria (Amblema) Rafinesque. ........
Ohlivaniusy (Unio) bea ess neaceee ee eee
Omiensis (Nodularia) von Heimburg ....
Omiensis (Unio) yon Heimburg..........
Opacarg (Anodonta) slucamesess ae sees
Opaca (Margaron) Lea................-.-
Opacatus (Unio) Crosse and Fischer
Opacus (Margaron) Lea..........-....-..
Opacus (Unio) Lea
Opalina (Anodon) Anthony
Opalina (Anodonta) Kuster...........--.
Opalinus (Unio) Anthony................
Opperti (Gabillotia) Bourguignat........
Opperti (Margaritana) Peetel.............
Opperti (Pseudodon) Westerlund........
Opperti (Unio) Bourguignat
Oratus7(Unio)sConradeeesseeeeeee eee eee
Orbicularis (Anodon) Heude...........-.
Orbicularis (Monocondylea) Petel......
Orbicularis (Monocondylus) Morelet ....:
Orbicularis (Pseudodon) Morelet
Orbiculatus (Lampsilis) Hildreth
Orbiculatus (Margarita) Lea
Orbiculatus (Margaron) Lea
Orbiculatus (Unio) Hildreth............. E
Orbignyana (Unio) Hupé
Orbignyi (Castalina) Hupé and Deyille .
Orbignyi (Margaron) Lea................
Orbignyi (Unio) Hupé
Orbignyi (Unio) Hupé and Deyille
Oregonensis (Anodonta) Lea.............
Oregonensis (Margarita) Lea.............
Oregonensis (Margaron) Lea...........-.
Oregonensis (Nephronaias) Lea..........
Oregonensis (Unio) Lea..................
Oriensi@Unio) sicaeeeeee eee eee eee eee
Oriens/(Unio) Sowerbyee-c-o-ss so ceee cess
Orientalis (Margaron) Lea
Orientalis (Nodularia) Lea...............
Orientalis (Unio) Bourguignat...........
Orientalis (Unio) Lea
Ornata (Pleurobema) Lea........-..-.--.
Ornatus (Margaron) Lea
Ornatus (Unio) Lea
Ornatus (Unio) Sowerby
Orontesensis (Margaron) Lea
Orontesensis (Unio) Lea
Orphaensis (Margaron) Lea..........-..-.
Orphaensis (Unio) Lea.-..............-.-
Orthonymus Agassiz
Ortonii (Prisodon) Lea...................
Ortonili(Umio)Leases-= eee see eee
1028
Osbecki (Margaron) Lea
Osbecki (Unio) Philippi ...-...--..-:-.--
Oseari (Unio) B. H. Wright
Ostreata (Quadrula) Morelet ......--..-.-
Ostreatus (Unio) Morelet........-..-.-.--
Othcaloogensis (Margaron) Lea.-......---
Othealoogensis (Truncilla) Lea
Othealoogensis (Unio) Lea........-------
Ovalis (Margarita) Lea............-.-..-.
Ovalis (Mya) Donovan
Ovalis (Mya) Montagu
Ovalis (Pseudodon) Morelet....-...--...-
Ovalis (Unio) Brown.....-.-----.---------
Ovalis (Unio) Dupuy.....-....--.-:-.--.--
Ovalis (Unio) Sowerby
Ovata (glia) Swainson
Ovata (Anodonta) Lea
Ovata (Anodonta) Sowerby
Ovata (Anodonta) Stark
Ovata (Castalia) Sowerby ------.---.-----
Ovata (Iridina) Swainson ......-....--.--
Ovata (Margarita) Lea.............----+:
Ovata (Margaron) Lea.............------
Ovata (Mya) Donovan
Ovata (Mya) Eaton
Ovata (Mysca) Turton......---.:-----5-2--
Ovatal(Rlatinis)pueasesyess-eeecee eee a:
Ovata (Quadrula) Simpson......--.---.-- :
Ovata (Unio) Deshayes.......---.---.--+-
Ovatus (Anodon) Sowerby-....-----------
Ovatus (Lampsilis) Say
Ovatus (Margarita) Lea.......-.--..-.---:
Ovatus (Margaron) Lea.........-..------
Ovatus ornatus (Unio) Conrad........-.-
Ovatus (Pleiodon) Swainson....-..----.-
Ovatus (Tetraplodon) Sowerby...--..-.--
Ovatus (Unio) Say-...---..--------------:
Ovatus var. b (Unio) Lamarck..--..:..--.
. Oviformis (Margaron) Lea...--.-..-.----
Oviformis (Pleurobema) Conrad
Oviformis (Unio) Lea
Oxyrhynchus (Nodularia) yon Martens...
Oxyrhynchus (Unio) von Martens...----
Ozarkensis (Lampsilis) Call...........--.
Ozarkensis (Unio) Call.:...........--.-:-
Pachostea (Obovaria) Rafinesque........
Pachynaias Crosse and Fischer.......--.-
Pachyodon (Pleiodon) Bourguignat .....
Pachysoma (Margaron) Lea
Pachysoma (Nodularia) Benson.....-.--.
Pachysoma (Unio) Benson.....----.-----
Pachystoma (Unio) Peetel........-..-.---
Pacifica (Anodon) Heude........--.------
Pahrangensis (Rectidens) Smith......-..
Pahrangensis (Unio) Smith
Paivanus (Unio) Morelet........-...-----
Palembangensis (Unio) Strubell
Paliatus (Margarita) Lea.....-..-..--..--
Paliatus (Margaron) Lea..........-------
Paliatus (Unio) Ravenel
Pallegoixi (Anodon) Sowerby
Pallegoixi (Trapezoideus) Sowerby ...---
Pallens (Unio) Kuster
Pallens (Unio) Rafinesque
Pallens (Unio) Rossmiissler .......-------
Pallescens (Margaron) Lea
INDEX.
Page. Page.
808 | Pallescens (Unio) Lea...........-..-..--- O37
808 | Palliatus (Unio) Ravemel --.-..--::2----. 730
719 | Pallida (Anodon) Anthony ....---.:..-.-- 632
796 | Pallidofulous (Margaron) Lea ...---.-...-- 753
796 | Pallidofulvus (Unio) Lea.....-.....------ 753
521 | Paludicola (Mutelina) Rochebrune ....-.-. 906
521 | Paludicolor (Unio) Conrad..............- 743
521 | Paludicolus (Margaron) Lea..........--. 743
685 | Paludicolus (Unio) Gould...........-.-.- 743
682 | Paludosus (Anodon) Turton ....-....-..-- 623
685 | Paludosus (Lampsilis) Morelet.........-- 576
837 | Paludosus (Unio) Morelet....-.......-.-- 576
685 | Panacoensis (Unio) von dem Busch....-- 705
699 | Pangallicensis (Spatha) Rochebrune .... 902
682 | Paphos (Anodonta) Rafinesque ........--. 933
580 | Papyracea (Margaron) Lea ..........---- 618
642 | Papyraceum (Alasmodon) Rafinesque ..- 673
644 | Papyraceus (Anodon) Anthony....-..--- 618
648 | Papyraceus (Lampsilis) Gould..........- 562
864 | Papyraceus (Margaron) Lea ...........-- 563
908 | Papyraceus (Unio) Gould.............-.- 562
642 | Paradoxa (Cameronia) Bourguignat...-- 909
642 | Paraguayana (Margarita) Lea ..-.......- 911
685 | Paraguayana (Margaron) Lea.-........--- 874, 911
530 | Paraguayana (Monocondylea) d’Or-
685 DIQUY NS Sasa ieem eee ease eee ee eee 910, 912
908 | Paraguayana (Unio) Hanley......---.--- 911
801 | Paraguayanus (Unio) von Martens ...--- 894
527 | Paraguayensis (Margaron) Lea .-.-.....-.-- 874
922 | Paraguayensis (Unio) Lea ....-.........- 874
530 | Parallelipipedon (Diplodon) Lea ........ 88h.
530 | Parallelipipedon (Margarita) Lea.. ..--- 884
530 | Parallelipipedon (Margaron) Lea........ 884
528 | Parallelipipedon (Unio) Lea.....--.---.-- 884
907,908 | Parallelus (Unio) Conrad ....-...2....--- 740
864, | Paramattensis (Margaron) Lea.....-.-.-- 892
526,530 | Paramattensis (Unio) Lea..........-..--- 892
529 | Paranensis (Diplodon) Lea...........-..-. 887
748 | Paranensis (Margarita) Lea...........--. 887
748 | Paranensis (Margaron) Lea.........----- 887
748 | Paranensis (Unio) Lea .-..--::...-..----- 887
807 | Parchappii (Margarita) Lea...--.....---- 911
807 | Parchappii (Monocondylea) d’Orbigny- - 911
557 | Parchappii (Margaron) Lea.-...-...--.-- 911
557 | Parchappii (Unio) Hanley .........--..-- 911
744) Parcus)(Diplodon)) Lea 2222s -eeeeeeee eee 880
794 | Parcus (Margaron) Lea .....-......:..... 880
909 | Pareus (Unio) Lea....................---: 880
813 | Parishii (Anodon) Gray ...-....---------- 915
813 | Parishii (Leila) H. and A. Adams........ 915
813 | Parishii (Margarita) Lea..-.....-......-. 915
813 | Parishii (Margaron) Lea ....-.....:.-.... 915
688 | Parma (Unio) Benson.........--.-------- 843
85), | Parreysi schweinfurthi (Unio) von Mar-
854 WINS) SnpaeouabandenodussosbouuocoooocaeNeS 813
582,819 | Parreysia Conrad......-..-:-...-- 506, 508, 515, 840
862 | Parreyssi (Unio) Philippi-.-...-...-.-.--.- 821
730 |. Parva (Mya) Eaton..-........-.-..-..22 564
730 | Parvula (Anodonta) Drouet..-..-..------ 624
730 | Parvula (Barbala) Peetel..........-.-.-.- 585
859 | Parvula (Cristaria) Heude ..............- 585
859 | Parvulus (Dipsas) Heude ....-...----.--- 585, 586
683 | Parvulus (Margaron) Lea.......-.-.-..-- 590
744 | Parvulus (Medionidus) Lea....:....-..-. 590
686 | Parvulus (Unio) Lea.....-.....---.------ 590
588 | Parvus (Lampsilis) Barmes....-:...---..-- 564.
INDEX. 1029
= Page Page
‘Paryus @Miarearita) ee dese eee eaeeee 064 | Pellucidus (Unio) Lea .................-. 562
iPanvyus(Margarom))) Wears. -ss-ss2 seas 564 | Penchinatianus (Unio) Bourguignat..... 696
ParviUsi@UN1O) PBanrneSiesesseces 2 seen sacs. 564 | Penicillatus (Anodon) Gray.............. 923
banvyus) (Umio) Comrades s5—s45-- eae 563 | Penicillatus (Margaron) Lea.........-.-- 590
TEyselaaibiss (Gaawo)) 180s oops Secencocos 802 | Penicillatus (Medionidus) Lea...-....... 590
Pastasana (Anodonta) Clessin.....-...--. 930m enicill ais; (Umi oO) encase sees ences sce 590
Pastasanus (Glabaris) Clessin .....--.---. 930 | Peninsularis (Trapezoideus) Simpson.... 859
Patagonica (Anodonta) Lamarck.-...--- 916 | Penisatus (Unio) Fischer and Crosse..... 853
Patagonica (Margarita) Lea -......-....- 916 | Penita (fruncilla) Conrad ............... 518
Patagonica (Margaron) Lea....-..--.---- CIlbs| Benitusn(Margarita) Wweateeees cesses. se 518
Patagonica (Unio) d’Orbigny ........-.-- 885 | Penitus (Margaron) Lea.-........-....... 518
Patagonicus (Diplodon) d’Orbigny ...-.- EH |) IPsrouliIs (Wow) Cormerels -eocceccacoscocce 518
Patagonicus felix (Glabaris) Pilsbry..... 917 | Pennsylvanica (Anodonta) Lamarck .... 618
Patagonicus (Glabaris) Tamarck.....-..- 916 | Pepiniana (Anodonta) Lea............... 647
Patagonicus (Margarita) Lea ............ 885 | Pepiniana (Margarita) Lea .............. 647
Patagonicus (Margaron) Lea ..........-.- 885 | Pepiniana (Margaron) Lea............... 647
Patelloides (Diplodon) Lea .............. 886,888 | Pequottianus (Unio) Linsley ........._.. 744
- Patelloides (Margaron) Lea.......-...... 886 | Pereeformis (Diplodon) Lea .............. 836
atelloides;(Umio) Mea = 2522225. ee 886 | Pereeformis (Margaron) Lea.........-.... 886
Pattinoides (Unio) Lea_................... Ata eeereetormi se (Wmi@) seater e se heme meee 886
Patsaligensis (Pleurobema) Simpson..... 761 | Perakensis (Rectidens) de Morgan......- 85h
Patulus-(Margarita) ea -.22--.2222...... 746 | Perakensis(Unio) de Morgan..-.......... 854
Patulus (Margaron) Lea .....:.-......... 746 | Percoarectatus (Margaron) Lea ....--.-... 725
IPN HTOUNwIS ((WAabkO)) IUCH Ee ccocueeoseesscedseoe 746 | Percoarctatus (Unio) Lea...-..........-. 725
Pauciplicatus (Unio) Lea .-...........-.-. 768 | Percompressa (Quadrula) yon Martens -- 196
Paulista (Diplodon) von Ihering....-...- 873 | Percompressus (Unio) yon Martens. ...-. 796
Paulista. (Unio) von Ihering ............. 873 | Perdix (Lampsilis) Lea ...... Sena eee 542
IEDUIS. ALEvooyOSNIS)) IDC: cososcaocassecnase OoGu Bera ix (Margarita) Wearesscceereeee esses 542
BPawlus(Margaron) Wea.css.s2-2. 2-42-25. HD | 1eteiachio< COMendet corn) IUCR) seoccoocceeascaaas 542
IPAUUIDS (Wiel) IDE) sscoscososscsecsonsonar YAS) |) Teteseobb:< (QUiawO))) Weis sos ccesesscdoascasues 542
Paupercula (Quadrula) Lea.............. TS Sm eer Cisxc (Win 0) RNC CY Ceemeeaenear ae = see BAL
Pauperculus (Margaron) Lea ............ 783. | Berlatus; (Margaron) Wea... 2222255225222 731
PAM pPerculuse (Will ©) peas = sae eee eee Tse ||, Leer ey abs (Wahl) 1Ue8 soo GonSccnuoussesocse 731
Paviei (Chamberlainia) Morelet ......... SSoaPerlensisn (m1) elec telieeeee eee see 768
JPR Wale (Ubabi@)) Wiorelelnss cocooocosscooo soos 582 | Perlucens (Margaron) Lea.....-......... 715
Payvonia. (Anodonta) Lea.......-....:.-2- Glin leeerlucens! (Unio) Weare es eset a 714
Pavonia (Margarita) Lea......../:....-.. 617 | Permiscens (Lampsilis) Lea.-....-......- 569
Pavonia, (Margaron)-Lea.--..-....--..... 618 | Permiscens (Margaron) Lea...---...---.. 569
Payonina (Dysnomia) Rochebrune ...... 862 aia bermiscenss(UmiO)=Wedeseass5-ee seer eaaee 569
Payonius (Strophitus) Baker............. 618 | Pernodosus (Margaron) Lea..:--.--.-.--- 780
Pawensis!@Umi0)) Weal -2-s----2- 52-5522. - (Aa SRernocdosuss(Umi1O) ueasnsasse eee ee eecee 780
Paxyodon schumacher .-:.:-.+-:-.-. 501, 868, 869 | Perobliquus (Unio) Conrad ....-......-.. 520
Pazie( Castalia) eHidals Ov. sess oe 884 | Perovalis (Lampsilis) Conrad ............ 531
Pazi (Diplodon): Hidalgo...--......2..-.. 884. | Perovalis (Margarita) Lea...--...-..--..- 531
azine CAMO COMba) BUCA sss 558 sec Seco 918 | Perovalis (Margaron) Lea..-.....-:.-.--- 531
pais (Glabaris) uedesenssesss. asses eee 918 | Perovalis: (Unio) Conrad .....-..-.--..-.- 531
Pazii(Margarom) -lea.-2-.-.-22..-<=: 816, 911,913 | Perovalis (Unio) Sowerby..-------------: 532
Pazii (Monocondylea) Lea ...-........-- 911 | Perovata (Pleurobema) Conrad ....---.... 155
azide (NOG wl aria) eases ose Sena ee 816 | Perovatus (Margarita) Lea...-..--...--.- 799
IPeyaul (Uiawl@)\ ILE) Sosaoosodéaasasdsceeatose $16 | Perovatus (Margaron) Lea.........-:--.-- 759
IPeieil: (hab) Lees cossoesccsuesccesnoued 602 | Perovatus:(Unio) Conrad -......-------.-. 755
Pearlensis (Unio) Conrad .......---:-:..- 768 | Perpastus (Lampsilis) Lea ....-........-- 532
Peetitus: (Unio) Conrad’ 2.5222. 22222 -2 == 52 Perpastus (Margaron) Lea ....-.-...-..-. 532
Pectinatum (Tetraplodon.) Spix--:-....... 863 sRerpastusn(Unio)) beaeas seer seen saa 532
Pectorosus (Margarita) Lea -..--...-...-- 543 | Perpictus (Margaron) Lea.....-.------.-- bod
Pectorosus (Unio) Conrad.-...--.-.-.=--. Bel || IRF oO RUS (Warcwo)) ILCBios accosoosocoocsecos ood
Peculiaris (Diplodon) Lea ............... 874 | Perplexa cincinnatiensis (Trancilla) Lea. 523
Peculiaris (Margaron) Lea............2-. 874 | Perplexa rangiana (Truncilla) Lea ....-. 523
seeulianisl(WmiO) eas se.2- asses sete 874 | Perplexa (Truncilla) Lea -..-..-..--....: 522
RESIASI SIMPSON w sete sesso ese eee 506, 514, 660 | Perplexus (Margarita) Lea-..........---- 522
Peguensis (Margaron) Lea..-.-.......... 835,858 | Perplexus (Margaron) Lea.......-------- 523
Peguensis (Monocondylea) Anthony.... 835 | Perplexus (Truncilla) Rafinesque.......- 518
Peguensis (Unio) Anthony..........-..-- S5on | Rerplexms7(Wmio) leds eee se re 522
Pellis-lacerti (Unio) Morelet .........:... 815 | Perplexus-(Unio) Rafinesque-........---. 522
Pellucidus (Lampsilis) Lea .............. 562 | Perplicata (Quadrula) Conrad ......:.-.- 767, 768
Pellucidus (Margaron). Lea ......-...-:... 552 | Perplicata quintardii (Quadrula) Cragin. 768
1030 INDEX.
Page Page
Perplicatus (Margaron) Lea........-.---- 768 | Pictorum (Baphiz) Meuschen............ 682
Perplicatus (Plectomerus) Conrad .....-. 768 | Pictorum, ete. (Unio) Chemnitz -.......-.- 585
Perplicatus (Unio) Conrad ............-.. 767 | Pictorum longirostris (Unio) Westerlund. 808
Perpurpureus (Margaron) Lea.....-.---- 558 | Pictorum (Lymnium) Oken.......-.--.-. 682
Perpurpureus (Lampsilis) Lea .........-- ' 558 | Pictorum (Margarita) Lea...........-...- 682
Perpurpureus (HONIG) THAR, Sesccesssossuscs 558 | Pictorum (Margaron) Lea..........-..-.. 682
Perradiatus (Margaron) Lea .....-......- 532 | Pictorum (Mya) Gmelin.................- 696
Perradiatus (Unio) Wea: -225--2222--4-- 532 | Pictorum (Mya) Linneeus .........-...--- 680
Personata (Sealenaria) Agassiz .....-.--- O22m bie conumls (Mey sca) Ou bOnE seater 682
Personata (Truncilla) Say -...-...------- $22") Pictorum’ (Unio) Browae2-22eee sees ee 685
Personatus (Margarita) Lea.....-..--..-- 522 | Pictorum (Unio) Draparnaud .........--- 696
Personatus (Margaron) Lea..-.......---- 0225) bictorun\ (Umio)iGuerine seer eer eeeeee 686
Personatus (Unio) Conrad..........------ 792 | Pictorum (Unio) Linneeus............... 503,
Personatus (Unio) Say ....-.---- SUS Seta ae 022 5138, 678, 680, 682, 685, 686, 798, 808
Perstriatus (Margaron) Lea ...--...-..--- 731 | Pictorum (Unio) Retzius..........-....-- 681
Perstriatus| (Unio) Wea esses. ie = 731 | Pictus (Anodon) Swainson.............-. 648, 933
Persuleatus (Margaron) Lea ...-.......-- 596M Ei chus) (eam psiliis) MW eal sees eee 542
Persuleatus (Nephronaias) Lea .....----- 396) Bicuush (Mang amital leas ss ee reese 542
Persulcatus (Unio) Lea .-.....-.--..-.--- 596 | Pictus (Margaron) Lea ..............-..-: 542
Pertenuis (Margaron) Lea ........-.----- 664 | Pictus (Unio) Sowerby ......-....-......- 539
Pertemui'ss (Umi) Weay eee ese eerie 664 | Pierri (Pseudodon) Rochebrune .....-... 840
Peruviana (Unio) Lamarck ..........---- 167 \"Pietwri (Unio) Kobelti 222542 5--5 sees aaee 690
Petersi (Mutela) Clessin...........------- 899), |) Pietrij (Unio) plbocand sas serena seer er ss 688
Petersi (Spathella) Bourguignat ......-..- 899s ebigerd(Diplodom)ilWearsse sss eee eeee ee 875
Petrina (Quadrula) Gould...........-.--- 783) |), Piger(Margaron) plea assess ee eeeeeeeeee 875
Petrinus (Margaron) Lea .....-.-...-.--- TB. | LAiexere (hati) We ool caoecsoseussc ves co0es 875
Petrinus (Unio) Gould ..........-..--.--- 783 | Pigerrimus (Unio) Crosse and Fischer ... 711
Petros (Umilo) pete leases eee reac 688 | Pilaris (Margaron) Lea.................-- 792
Petrovichii (Unio) Kuster ......-.-..---- 683) |) Pilaris);(Quadrula)) Wea see--eeseeeeseeee 792
Petterianus (Margaron) Lea ........--..- 699nBilaris)(Umio) Reeve ese s-eeer eee eee 788
Petterianus (Unio) Kuster ......-...----- 699) || SBilatusi(Unio) eae espera eee eeeeee = S11
Pfeifferi (Unio) Dunker.........--..----. S/9))|) bilean (Simpson) ease pees ee eee ee eeeeee 522
Pfeifferiana (Margaritana) Bernardi..... 900 | Pileus (Margarita) Lea.........-.......-- 522
Pfeifferiana (Margaron) Lea.......--..-- 900 | Pileus (Margaron) Lea.........-..---.--. 522
Pfeifferiana (Spatha) Bernardi.....-...-- 900A\ Pileus)(Umio) sbeaeesee eee eee eeeeeee 522
Pfisteri inspiratus (Ptychorhynchus) Pilsbryi (Unio) Marsh.................--- 769
TG We es erties ee ac eee Sees oe eee sens 851 | Pilsbryoconcha Simpson ..... 505, 506, 511, 514, 587
Pfisteri inspiratus (Unio) Heude........-. 851 | Pinax (Unio) Benson....-........--...... 843
Pfisteri (Ptychorhynchus) Heude.....-... 851 | Pinchonianus (Hyriopsis) Heude -...---.- 580
Pfisteri (Unio) Heude........-..--.--.--- 850,851 | Pinchonianus (Unio) Heude............-. 580
Pharaonum (Chambardia)........--..--- 902 | Pinei (Unio) B. H. Wright..........-..... 718
Phaselus (Margaron) Lea .....---.----.-- 815 | Pinguis (Lampsilis) Lea.................- 540
Phaselus (Nodularia) Lea.......-..-.---- 815 | Pinguis (Margaron) Lea......-.----..---- 540
Phaselus (Unio) Lea .........-.--...--..- Sloe Pein guisk(Unio)sWedeesssseeeereee eeeeeeeee 540
Phaseolus (Margarita) Lea...-.....---.-- 612 | Pinkstoni (Pleurobema) S. H. Wright---. 758
Phaseolus (Margaron) Lea....-...-.-.---- 612 | Pinkstoni (Unio) S. H. Wright.........-. 758
Phaseolus (Ptychobranchus) Hildreth... 612 | Piscatorum (Anodon) Heude .........--- 638
Phaseolus (Unio) Hildreth............... 508,612 | Pisciculus (Cuneopsis) Heude ........... 805
Phayresi (Unio) Theobald ............-.- 842 | Pisciculus (Unio) Heude......-.......--- 805
Philippi (Unio) Dupuy.........--...-.-.- 699 | Piscinalis (Anodonta) Nilsson ........... 623
Philippianus (Glabaris) Simpson......... 919 | Piscinalis (Unio) Rossmissler.....-...--- 698
Philippianus (Unio) Kuster.............-. 891 | Placitus (Margaron) Lea.......--.----... 536
Philipsii (Unio) Hanley.............--..- GLI | Placivus! (Unio) Plea ease eee eects 536
Phillipsii (Margarita) Lea..............-- Gli PlaciodonwWeasessreereeee eee eee aceecrre 913
Phillipsii (Margaron) Lea.......-..---.--. 611 | Plagiola (Rafinesque) .....-.-- 506, 510, 514, 603, 772
Phillipsii (Unio) Catlow and Reeve...... 611 | Plagiosoma (Unio) Benson......-.......- 843
Phillipsii (Unio) Conrad .........-.-.---- 611 | Plana (Anodonta) Lea ....-.........-.-.- 643
Phillipsi/(Umio)PReevieleesessee ee eae = 523) |) Plana (Margarita) Wear as-eeeseeeeeneceee 643
Pholadiformis (Anodon) Sowerby...--..-. 633 | Plana (Margaron) Lea -....-.-..--.---... 643
Physunio Simpson .......--...------- 506,515,830 | Plancus (Lampsilis) Lea ...........-..... 556
Pianensis (Unio) Farines...........-----.- 692 | Plancus (Margaron) Lea.........-..-.-.-- 556
Piceus (Diplodon) Lea ..........-..------ 877.) elancus: (Unio) sbeaeeeneeeeeo ee eee eres 556
Piceus (Margaron) Lea.....-..----.------ 877 | Planicostatus (Lampsilis) Lea..-...--.... 558
Piceus) (Unio) Wea ae ssss eee eerie ee 877 | Planicostatus (Margaron) Lea..........-. 583
Pictetiana (Anodonta) Brot.......---.... 625 | Planicostatus (Unio) Lea.....-......--... 503
Pictorum amurensis (Unio) Mousson..... 808 | Planior (Margaron) Lea...........------. 763
INDEX. 1081
Page. Page.
Planion (Pleurobemia)) pues ssa. eses sai 763 | Pliculosus (Unio) von Martens........-.-- 862
Tikaroukore (Usa) IWEHI. coscasocadocasqsopesee 7S] JAlorenjorahwis (Onawo)) Walley Gocsccssassscases 744
Planilaterus (Margaron) Lea......--.---- 722 | Plumbea (Chama) Chemnitz...........-- 797
Planilaterus (Unio) Conrad ......-...-.--- 722 | Plumbea (Quadrula) Chemnitz ...-.....- 797
Planivalvis (Lampsilis) Morelet........-.- 576 | Plumbeus (Unio) Ferussac.......-..-....- 797
Planivalvis (Unio) Morelet........-.-:--- 5/6 | Poeyanus (Margaron) Lea.............-..- 73
Plantil (Margarom) Lea): -.5-2...-2------- LD | TROCHEHMDIS ((1WhavKo))) JUSS Skee oe saeeoucaaacas 738
Dien (Wicwo)) WER, cocccocccomanosansenece 729 | Poirieri (Zaira) Rochebrune .......-..... 862
Planulata (Margaron) Lea ........-.-.--- 836 | Polita (Anodonta) Mousson.............. 588
Planulata (Microcondylea) Peetel .....-- 8360) Rolitay(Margarom))) Weasse os o-2- oe 6 eee 588
Planulata (Monocondylea) Lea........-- 886 | Politus (Anodon) Sowerby -..............- 588
Planulata (Pseudodon) Conrad ...-....-- Big)" || JEoubtinwts} ((Ciouko)) Sey eoosesdacuceuacsoaacaue 792
lamas) (Umi o) wea seats ee see 612 | Polymorpha (Anodonta) Lea .....-.....- 648
JkyawS (Wiekoy) (Coren ee ccoooassccausoudee 574 | Polymorphus (Unio) B. H. Wright.....--. 707
Platiolus (Unio) Rafinesque...._-..--.--- 744 | Polysticto-scriptus (Quadrula) Heude.... 799
TPIT JOeeNs Gee ae al eee emt ee 501 | Polysticto-seriptus (Unio) Heude .....--. 799
Platyrhynchus (Margarita) Lea........-- 683 | Polystictus (Quadrula) Heude ..........- 799
Platyrhynchus (Margaron) Lea......---- 683 | Polystictus (Unio) Heude............-... 799
Platyrhynchus (Unio) Rossmiissler ---...- 683 | Ponderosa (Anodonta) C. Pfeiffer........ 626
Platyrhynchoideus (Unio) Westerlund .. 684 | Ponderosa (Mya) Dillwyn..........-.-.-- 804
Platyrinchoideus (Unio) Dupuy ....-.-.-- 513,684 | Ponderosus (Bariosta) Rafinesque........ 744
Platyrrhynchoideus (Unio) Sowerby ..-- 684 | Ponderosus (Margarita) Lea ...........-- 804
Pleasii (Lampsilis) Marsh..........--.--- 533, 557 | Ponderosus (Margaron) Lea...........-.-- 804
lease (Wimio)) Marshes sesee ae sence eeae 457 | Ponderosus (Paxyodon) Schumacher .... 870
Plectophorus (Plectomerus) Conrad ....- 706 | Ponderosus (Unio) Hanley....-.........- 804
Plectophorus (Unio) Conrad -....-....-.- “06> | Ropeil((Margaron) leases. sees aces 738
Pleiodon Conrad ............. 501, 506, 515, 907,908 | Popeii (Unio) Lea ...............-.--...-.- 737, 738
Plena (Quadrula) Lea.:........---------- 790M PO penois (Unio) i Callas een eereee se sceee 610
-Plenus (Margaron) Lea --.------.=----4-- 790) | Roreiter, (Am od o))|Grayeesee eee e ee ee eee 932
PUES (WO) IE, Se csseocodsscocdaeseaue 790 | Porphyreus (Lampsilis) Lea.............. 538
Rlethobasus;oumpsonesreeneeseeseeeecieee: 764. | Porphyreus (Margaron) Lea ........-..-- 58
Pletholophus Simpscn..........--.------- 585 | Porphyreus (Unio) Lea............-..---- 538
Pleurobema Rafinesque -:..---2.2-.---.-- 506, | Porrectus (Unio) Conrad...-......-...... 740
509, 510, 514, 745, 754, 760,774,793 | Postellii (Margaron) Lea................- 723
Rlexusi(Umio)iConradis-s--s--s2 22 eee c- AOL TU) | Leo KEM oht (pablo) IUCES Saaschcoasoccoccuedas 723
Plicata (Anodonta) Haldeman......-.--- 659 | Poulsoni (Symphynota) Ferussac ........ 568
Plicata (Anodonta) Schrenck......--.--- 583 | Poulsoni (Unio) Conrad...............--- 568
Plicata (Barbala) H. and A. Adams.....- 383 | Poulsoni (Unio) Sowerby ....-.....--..-- 568
Plicata clessini (Dipsas) Kobelt.........- 584 | Powellii (Lampsilis) Lea..........--..... 538
Plicata (Cristaria) Leach........-..-- 583, 584,903 | Powellii (Margaron) Lea....--...---...-- 538
Plicata hippopeea (Quadrula) Lea....-... TOY? || Leto elulint) (WW pauWo))) WSs Gocco Gocansnconeooncs 538
Plicata japonica (Dipsas) Kobelt........- 585 | Preeclara (Anodonta) Bourguignat....... 649
Rihcatay (Marg arom) ewes eres s-casecceees 659 | Preeclarum (Colletopterum) Bourguignat 649
Plicata (Mutela) Sowerby...--....-.----. 905 | Prelonga (Eurynea) Stimpson....-....-- 545
licatay (Miva) pHaton ee ecceenecees cee 767 | Prelongus (Unio) Barnes .......-.--...-- 545
Plicata (Quadrula) Say ...........--...-. 766,767 | Prasina (Mutelina) Rochebrune ........- 906
JPVNGRRED (WOO) SBN Soosassoosensusoocs 504, 766,767 | Prasinatus (Unio) Conrad...............- 714
Plicatula (Barbala) Peetel......22.2..2--- o84n |i erasinuss (Unio): Conrad ss sen4. ss seeesne 779
Plicatulus (Margaron) Lea..........-.-.- 853)-| Prattil (Lampsilis)) Wea. 2522252222222: 550
Plicatulus (Nephronaias) Charpentier -.. SD era tiie Mare aromas) Pu eC aes seeeisenseee eee 550
Plicatulus (Unio) Charpentier -....-....- S9IN5O(alebra tiie (Unio) peeaeeeeeseae eee ase see aes 550
Blicatulus;@Unio) Mewes... 2s sseeeee as 853 | Pressa (Alasmodonta) Baker............. 663
Bliecatusi(Appius)) Graves s-ececsc. saescees 583 | Pressodonta Simpson......-.-.--.-.------ 667
Plicatus (Dipsas) Leach ...--...........-. 583 | Pressus (Margaron) Lea.........--------- 663
Plicatus((Margarita)) Lea. .-.2-..2-2.----- 583,767 | Pressus (Unio) H. and A. Adams.......-- 663
Plicatus (Margaron) Lea..........-.--.-- 583,767 | Prevostianus (Lampsilis) Lea..........-- 559
Plicatus (Mycetopus) Clessin...-..-....-- 930 | Prevostianus (Margaron) Lea....-....--- 550
Plicatus (Mycetopus) Sowerby ....-...... 905 | Prevostianus (Unio) Lea.-...--.....-.-.-- 550
Plicatus (Mytilus) Solander.............. 583 | Preyostianus (Unio) Sowerby -..--.-.-.-- 560
icatusi@zlatinis) pueamssssseseersssener ee OOD mp erisodoneleearer: saree ance ere eee eee 863
Plicatus (Plectomerus) Conrad........... (67) Prisodon| Schumacher sss. 2). 221-12 4-1 501,
Plicatus! (Umio) Kuster 22s. s22scesc.5-5- 769 506, 507, 515, 867, 868, 869, 870, 872
Plicatus (Unio) Sowerby ................- GSEs || APoalnKolavoye ((WWpouto)) Ibee nou oooaesdadoSos 820
Pliciferus (Margarita) Lea ..............- 701 | Productus (Margarita) Lea..........:...- 735
Pliciferus (Margaron) Lea..............-. 702 | Productus (Margaron) Lea.....-....-..-- 735
Hciferus|(Umio) ea neta see eee sees 701 | Productus (Unio) Conrad .......-....---- 735
1032 INDEX.
Page. Page
Productus (Unio) Mousson .....--...----- 820' | Puleher (Margarita) lea 228222522. --- 541
Proechus (Unio) Bourguignat.-.........-- 683 | Pulcher (Margaron) Lea....-......------- 541
Profugus (Diplodon) Gould -......--..-.- 89i-)| eulcher (Unio) bea=sa===5 esa eee 541
Profugus (Margaron) Lea ....--.--------- 891 | Pulcher (Unio) Tapperone-Caneiri - --.- =e 856
Prohucusy (Unio) 1G oul dseeee asses =eeeeeeee 891 | Pullatus (Margaron) Lea.--..--..-.-----..-- 726
Prolongatus (Rectidens) Drouet -......-- 85) Seullatusi (Unio) ied sss=asee eee eee 726
Prelongatus (Unio) Drouet-.......-...--.- 853, 854 | Pullus (Lampsilis) Conrad .-.-....---..-- 566
Propinqua (Truncilla) Lea........-..---- 526) eeulllusi (Mare aron) Mea esse= asses 566
Propinquus (Margaron) Lea ..-.....-..--- 5235) seullusi(Unio) {Conrad saeesee peepee 566
Propinquus;(Un10) beats. sees ee eee 523 | Pulvinata (Columba) Clessin -........-.-- 915
Proprius (Lampsilis) Lea.-.......-.- SSenons 548 | Pulvinata (Leila) Hupé_--.-..-..----.--- 915
Proprius (Margaron) Lea......-.-.------- 348 | Pulvinatus (Anodon) Sowerby -.---------- 915
Proprius (UMNO) Weaeasss sees ae eee 548 | Pulvinulus (Margaron) Lea-..-...-...--- 758
Proptera Rafinesque -..--------22.--- Ole 5s66;078" || Pulyainlus (Umio) nea ass neee 758
Prosacrus (Unio) Locard! ---2----=-----2-- 689 | Pumila (Anodonta) Heude .....-.-...---- 640
Protchi (Spathella) Rochebrune ..--...--- -902)) | Pumilal(Quadrulla) sites sees eee ae 785
Protensus (Margaron) Lea -.-..-..-.----- 716 | Pumilio (Unio) Kuster --..--- See 817
Protensus (Wnio) Lea =22--2-28.2--2---2=- 76, |) Pumilus|(Marearon)sledse=--s=- =e 785
Protensus (Unio) Tapperone-Caneiri-..-- 8b |) Bumilus)(Unio)Mearess== esa sseeee eee ee 785
Proyancheriana (Arconaia) Pilsbry..---- 725) ||) Pumilus) (Unio) Ziewler s2.-- so ssesseeeee 821
Proximus (Margaron) Lea ------.--------- dd1 | Punctatus (Lampsilis) Lea .....-..:..-..-- 542
IPTOxamMUs) (UO) PRUSter =: sean 556 | Punctatus (Margaron) Lea .....-.-...---- 542
PrOxTMUS| (WMO) Bea ees se eee aes 550) | -PBunetatus) (Unio) ea 22255 ee eee 542
Pruinosus (Unio) Schmidt .-......---.--- 698 | Puniceus (Lampsilis) Haldeman --.....-- 548
Prunoides (Diplodon) Lea ...--.-..-.---- 875 | Puniceus (Margaron) Lea .---....--...--- d48
Prunoides (Margaron) Lea.-.-.-.-------- 875 | Puniceus (Unio) Haldeman...-..-...__-. 548
Pranoides (Unio); Geass: ----2- === eee 875 | Purpurascens (Anodon) Swainson -..-.-- 575
Prusii (Unio) Bourguignat -....--...----- 694 | Purpurascens (Unio) Lamarck ---....---- P7PAL
Psammactinus (Unio) Philippi-....-..--- 879 | Purpuratus (Lampsilis) Lamarck ------..-. 568, 569
Psammita (Anodonta) Bourguignat..----- 625 | Purpuratus (Margarita) Lea -...-....-.-- 568
Psammoica (Castalina) d’Orbigny -.-.--- 866 | Purpuratus (Margaron) Lea----- oe eaawaess - 568
Psammoica (Unio) d’Orbigny.-.-.-...-.---- 866. | Burpuratus) (Umio) bears =s5-4---e esse eee 568
Psammoicus (Margaron) Lea ...------.-- 866 | Purpurea (Anodonta) Valenciennes -...- §32
Pseudavicula Simpson --..--...------- 506,515,860 | Purpurea (Dalliella) Valenciennes..-.-.-- 832
Pseudobaphia Simpson-.-.-..--2----------- 849 | Purpurea (Margarita) Lea.--.--..-.--.--- §32
Pseudodon' Gould sesso. eee eee 506, 515, 834,836 | Purpurea (Margaron) Lea........-...-..- $32
Pseudodontopsis (Anodonta) Bourgui- Purpurea (Miya) Baton s-2-5----eeeseseee 721
SNUG See ee Ree eee eee meee ae 648 | Purpurellus (Margaron) Lea ....-.-.-.--- 718
Pseudodopsis (Anodonta) Locard ......-- 649, 650 | Purpurellus (Unio) Lea .--.-----..--.-.-- 718
Pseudodopsis (Gabillotia) Locard.-.-...--.. 650) Purpureus (Umi0)) Say qese- oe sseee eee 721
Pseudodus de Morgan.......-.----=------ 834 | Purpuriatus (Unio) Say ---.--.--.2.--2--- 592
Pseudomutela Simpson ...--.------------ 905\ -Burus:(Marearon) hea soas.5 4 sess eee 729
Pseudonymus (Unio) Simpson --.-.-.--.-- 69.) Burus) (Unio) Wealssase-s-e see eee ee 729
IRSCUGOODESIM PSOM asset aa eee eee aeee 601 | Pusilla (Obliquaria) Rafinesque-....-.--- 744
Pseudospatha Simpson-.-.-.-----..-- 505, 506, 514,577 | Pusillus (Mlargaron) Lea -...5.22.------2- - 708
IPSIMUNIO 7a 3 Hew hese eee oes Soe e a eee 510) ) (Busillus) (Unio) hearse see ee 708
IBSoricus# (Unio) Wloreletes-e- ss eee eee 703 | Pustulata (Margaron) Leas----22--52--2=- 781
Pieranodonvhischeretee-sscen eee -e eee eee 637 | Pustulata (Quadrula) Leas: -222222--2 == 781
Pterosygna Rafinesque -------.---------2- 665 | Pustulata (Unio) Swainson. .-....-.---.-- 608
Ptychobranchus Simpson ....--.-- 506, 510,514,612 | Pustulatus (Margarita) Lea .............- 781
Ptychorhynchus Simpson .-...-.--.-.- 506,515, 850 | Pustulatus (Unio) Lea..........-.-..:..-- 781, 782
iRtychodermaysimpsone==sse-p ese eee 606 | Pustulosa keineriana (Quadrula) Lea...- 780
IP fy. chos ene see seeeeene eee ene eee eee 514,612 | Pustulosa pernodosa (Quadrula) Lea... .- 780
Puberula (Anodonta) Gould ...-.....---- 919 | Pustulosa (Quadrula) Lea........-..- 519, 779, 780
Pudica (Pleurobema)) Lea. =. -=-=2-5------ 751,760 | Pustulosus (Margarita) Lea .....-.....-.- 779
Pudicus (Margaron)) lea -..-. 2-222 ---22-- 7ol | Pustulosus (Margaron) Lea......-..------ 779
Rudi cus; (Umi) heaSesleeeeeeee teen fol | Pustulosus\( Unio) Calle 2222 see eee 782
Puelchana (Anodonta) @Orbigny--...--- 921 || Pustulosus:(Unio) eal sSe cesses e eee 779
Puelchana (Margaron) Lea-.-.------.---- 921 | Pybasil (Margarom) Leas: -2 22222. essse 549
Puelchanus (Glabaris) d’Orbigny --.----- 991) «Py basil (Om10) ieaeassess-e eee eee 549
Puerorum (Anodon) Heude...-.-..--.---- 639 | Pygmea (Mycetopoda) Spix .-----.-.--.- 934
Pugio (Nodularia) Benson..-.---.-..-----.-- 814 | Pygmeeus (Margaron) Lea..-.-..--.------ 715
Pusio (Unio) SBensonees=ssessee ees eee ee Sit | Pygmeeus (Mycetopus) Hupé.-----.-..--- 935
Pulchella (Anodon) Heude ...--..-.----- 639 | Pygmezeus (Mycetopus) Sowerby ---------- 934
Pulchella (Cameronia) Bourguignat--..- 910 | Pygmeeus (Platiris) Lea .......-...----..: 934
Pulcher (Lamellidens) Tapperone-Caneiri 856) | -Pygmeeus!(Um10) Geaess-ee seo aes 715
INDEX. 1033
Page. | Page.
Pyramidata (Quadrula) Lea.........- 510, 754,790 | Rajahensis (Unio) Lea..................- 844
Pyramidatus (Margarita) Lea ..........-. 790 | Raleighensis (Margaron) Lea............. 723
Pyramidatus (Margaron) Lea ..-..--.-.--- 790 | Raleighensis (Unio) Lea .........-..-.... 723
Pyramidatus (Unio) sede ss. -2 ceases 790 | Ranarum (Anodonta) Morelet........-.. 624
Pyriformis (Margaron) Lea....-...------- 762 | Randabeli (Brazzea) Bourguignat...._-- 907
Pyriformis (Pleurobema) Lea .---..------ 762 | Randabeli (Cameronia) Bourguignat.... 910
Te\pralvovamams) (havo) 1beE Ss Sek ceconsossensases 762 | Randabeli (Nodularia) Bourguignat..... 822
Quadrangulosus (Unio) Heude........--- 801 | Randabeli (Unio) Bourguignat .......... $22
Quadrans (Diplodon) Lea ....-..--..-.---- 885 | Randalli (Anodonta) Trask.............- 657, 658
Quadrans (Margaron) Lea ....-.......--- 885 | Rangianus (Margarita) Lea............-. 523
Quardrans (Umi) ease a-- a. .sss-scec oe 885 | Rangianus (Margaron) Lea .........-.-.. 523
Quadrata (Castalia) Sowerby......--.---- S645 Ran eiamiush (Umit @) eUealeeanesesereseeee eee 523
Quadrata (Margaritana) Lea ............- 664 | Rariplicata (Unio) Deshayes.-.........-..- 767
Quadrata (Margaron) Lea.....-..-...---- 664 | Rarisuleata (Unio) Lamarck ............. 721
Quadrata (Symphynota) Lea --....-_--.- 664 | Rasus' (Margarom)) eal sss22sss555---22--- 687
Quadratus (Margaron) Lea....-....----.- (23 |) IREISOIS) (Widhto)) IUCR, canSausoessocuoeeoouseee 687
Quadratus (Tetraplodon) Sowerby --..-.- SIHA. [URN AUIS) (Oiebko)) Ibe Soo cGeédaoocoeneoesesacss 724
Ouadmatass (Umi o) Meas aye ere (osm eRavenelia (Unio) (Conradessss se eee eee 721, 748
Quadratus (Unio) Reeve .%.:.....--..---- 777 | Raveneliana (Alasmidonta) Lea ..-...-..- 671
Quadrilatera (Castalia) @’Orbigny ..--.-- 864 | Rayeneliana (Alasmodonta) Ferussac.... 671
Quadrilaterum (Tetraplodon) d’Orbigny- 864 | Rayeneliana (Baphia) H. and A. Adams. 671
Quadrilaterus (Margaron) Lea..---.-..-- 725 | Raveneliana (Margaritana) Chenu ...... 677
Quadrilaterus (Unio) Lea_..........--.-- 725 Rayeneliana (Margaritana) Lea........- G71
Quadriplicatus (Anodon) Sowerby...---- 618 | Raveneliana (Pleurobema) Lea...-...--- 748
Quadrula (Obliquaria) Rafinesque...--.- 744 Ravenelianus (Margarita) Lea..-......-- 671, 748
Quadrula (Rafinesque) .................. 505,506, | Rayenelianus (Margaron) Lea..........-- 671, 748
= : 508, 510, 514, 745, 765, 773, 793,805 | Ravenelianus (Strophitus) Conrad...--.. 671
Qirencbapohns, (Cm) CSN pose coadocccodscose 17 | Ravenelianus (Unio) Lea-.:-.-...--..--. 748, 758
Quinqueannulatus (Unio) Kuster.....--- 683 | Ravenelianus (Unio) Reeve..........---- Tal
Quintardii (Unio) Cragin --...-......-.-- 768 | Ravistellus (Margaron) Lea.............- 597
Radians (Margaron) Lea........--:------ 564 | Ravistellus (Nephronaias) Morelet.....-. 597
IRANChE AS {COpavo)) IER Sa caccoacsoscoessaae> 554 | Ravistellus (Unio) Morelet.......--...--. 597
Radiata (Alasmodonta) Conrad....-.-..-- 620 | Rayoisieri issericus (Unio) Kobelt -...-.- 686
Radiata (Anodonta) Valenciennes ..-..-- 648 | Ravoisieri (Margaron) Lea.-.....---..--. 687
Radiata (Cristaria) Simpson.-....-..-.--.- 585,586 | Ravoisieri (Unio) Deshayes......-....--- 687
Radiata-(Margarita) Lea........-.-.2.--- 925 | Rayi (Anodonta) Drouet..-........2-.--- 624
Radiatay (Moya) (Gmelin) =s225- <2 ss2ss-s5- 535 | Reclusa (Pluerobema) B. H. Wright-..--- 760
Radiata-(Umio)) Lamarck: -=2- 2-522. --s5-- 528,535 | Reclusus (Unio) B. H. Wright ..........-- 750
Radiata (Uniopsis) Swainson .--....--.--- 667 Recognitus (Mycetopus) Heude..-.--....-. 656
AGMA SiN PSOMsn se eee ee eee ae 20= 1 Recta (Elyria) sSOWerbYyiaseeee eee eee 871
RaCiaiusE(AMoOd on) Spix as. c--ses-s-5=2- 925) Recta: (Unio) shaman sas se-s see ea 534, 544
Radiatus (Anodonta) Muller.......-.-.-- 622
Radiatus conspicuus (Lampsilis) Lea---.-
Radiatus (Glabaris) Spix...--......-.----
Radiatus (Lampsilis) Gmelin 534, 535, 536
Radiatus (Margarita) Lea ..--...-----.--- 535
Radiatus (Margaron) Lea....-...-.-.-.-- 535, 925
Radiatus (Strophitus) Conrad.-.-.....----- 620
IRerchennprs| (Ahab) ADs) IE ysescasetesesseqse 552
Radiatus (Unio) Hildreth........2-:.---- 527
RACHONUSN (WiM2O) Wheaten e eee ts see 716
TRACHONUS (C(WAGO)) ILEE) 35.55 s6Sccsonaescses= 750
Radiota (Nodularia) Charmes...-...--..- 82h,
Radiotuss(Umic)| Charmess: 225 2-5-2522 - 824
Radula (Dysnomia) Rochebrune..-....--- 820
Radway (Onio) "Benson 2.252. 2 esses ee §20
IReGlwka, (iewO) SE; consdssosedeeccescasnns 744 |
Radulosa (Quadrula) Drouet and Chaper- 803
Radulosa rhomboidea (Quadrula) Simp-
BOM dooodnctanscdcosocaossooses ssesSages 803
Radulosus (Unio) Drouet and Chaper...- 803
Raeensis (Margaron) Lea ..-.-:..:------- 723
IRBs) (Wav) IE), a ooeseacccnsccssseaos 723
Rajahensis (Margaron) Lea ......-------- 844
Rajahensis (Parreysia) Lea ..-.....--.--- Shh
Recttidens)/Simpsonee=--e ese sees
506, 515, 853
Rectilinearis (Unio) Sowerby -.-.-.-..------ 825
5 | Rectus (Lampsilis) Barnes ....-.---.-...-- 545
Rectus (Lampsilis) Lamarck........-.--- 5hh
Rectus7@iare anita) Mee dss saeeeeeeseeesee 545
|e daveKergb) (Wilengedmxoyal)) ILE) oscensccsucesoesos 545
Rectus (Prisodon) Sowerby.-.-.-.-..------ 871
Rechts (Umi) Waar chkaes eee see see 509
Recurvatusy (Umi0)) We aestee aaeenen enemas 790
Recurvirostris (Anodonta) Lea .....-.--- 648
Reevianus (Lampsilis) Lea..........-.--- 538
Reevianus (Margaron) Lea...-....---.-..- 538
IRGlenwenoubIs (((Chavko))) Wels Soosancceooossosons 53.
Reflexa (Obliquaria) Rafinesque..-.-.-...-- 610, 611
IRGuilepquks (Web) SVs sonccoonceacubensance 611
Refulgens (Margaron) Lea..-......--.--.- 782
| Refulgens (Quadrula) Lea ......---....-- 782
INRGivUlEKeINg) (paul) IEE) -Sosaanneencoscoeose 782
Regularis (Anodonta) Morelet ......--..- 624
Regularis (Margaron) Lea:.-..........--- 556
Reg ulanich (Umi o) pu eaieee esses ee cree seac 55d
Regularis (Unio) Sowerby.......--------- 531
Reiniana (Anodonta) von Ihering ....--- 585
Reiniana (Barbata) Peetel.....-....------ 585,
Reiniana (Cristaria) von Martens......-.. 585
1034
Reiniana (Dipsas) Kobelt .:......-....-.-.
Reiniana (Nodularia) Kobelt .....-..-..-
Reinianus (Unio) Kobelt........-...-.---
Renea (Nodularia) Jousseaume........-.-
Renei (Spatha) Jousseaume........----.-
Reneus (Reneus) Jousseaume........----
Reniformis (Unio) Rossmiissler .....-.-.-
Requieni (Unio) Michaud..............-.
Requieni (Unio) Rossmiissler ...........-
Retiaria (Parreysia) Heude ....-........-
JRE MEMEO! (Ota) ISTEWOS 556 cossccososaaed
Reticulata (Margaritana) Peetel........--.
Reticulata (Margaron) Lea..........-.--- 91:
Reticulata (Monocondylea) Moricand...
Reticulatus (Anodony Sowerby ....----..-
Reticulatus (Aplodon) von Ihering ...-.-.
Reticulatus (Nephronaias) Simpson......
Reticulatus (Unio) Sowerby-.-..--..--.---
Retortus (Unio) Heude.............-....-
Retortus (Unio) von Martens...--.....--
Retteri (Anodonta) Drouet .............--
Retusa (Anodon) Heude .......-...------
Retusa (Castalia) Hupe ........-.........
Retusa (Obliquaria) Rafinesque........-.
Retusa (Obovaria) Lamarck ...........-.
Retusa (Unio) Lamarck........-....-.--. 599,
Retusus (Margarita) Lea........-...-.--.
Retusus (Margaron) Lea ..............---
Retusus (Tetraplodon) Hupé..........---
Retususk (Unio iSayeeeeesaseeeeeee seer ree
Revoiliana (Cameronia) Bourguignat....
Rhombeus (Diplodon) Wagner ....-....-
Rhombeus (Margarita) Lea............-.
Rhombeus (Margaron) Lea ....-......---
Rhombica (Alasmodon) Anthony....--...
Rhombica (Margaritana) Peetel..........
Rhombica (Monocondylea) Kuster. ..---
Rhomboidea (Leguminaia) Kobelt ...--.
Rhomboidea (Margaron) Lea ..........--
Rhomboidea (Microcondylea) Petel ..-..
Rhomboidea (Monocondylea) Lea....-..
Rhomboideus (Pseudodon) Westerlund. .
Rhomboideus (Unio) Moquin-Tandon ...
Rhomboideus (Unio) Sowerby..-.--....--
Rhomboidopsis (Unio) Locard ...-.......
Rhbombula (Unio) Lamarck ............-.
Rhuacoica (Unio) d’Orbigny..........-.-
Rhuacoicus (Diplodon) d’Orbigny.......
Rhuacoicus (Margaron) Lea ............-
Rhuaconicus (Diplodon) Kuster..........-
Rhuaconicus (Unio) Kuster....-.....-.--
Rhyaceca (Monocondylea) Petel ......-
Rhynchoidea (Chambardia) ...-.........
Rhynchonella (Chambardia) ....-...-.--
Rhynchonella (Grandidieria) Bourguig-
TAG AGS EE EIS Eee ah tepes
Richthofeni (Unio) von Martens.......-.
Riddellii (Margaron) Lea ...............-
Riddellii (Quadrula) Lea ...-...-..--...-
IRV KOKG KEW DHL (Outi) OCH Sos tedotoccusdaasacor
Ridibundus (Unio) Say ...--.......-..---
Rigaday (Miya) WOOd hese ee teee eters eee
Rimosus (Unio) Rafinesque ..........-..-
Rioplatensis (Anodon) Sowerby..-.---.-.-
Riparia (Unio) C. Pfeiffer ................
Rivicolus (Unio) Conrad..............---
io'a)
0
ie)
oS
INDEX.
Page.
585 | Rivularis (Anodonta) Heude ............
810 | Rivularis (Mycetopus) Heude............
810 | Rivularis (Solenaia) Heude..............
822 | Rivularis (Unio) Conrad .........-.......
896 | Rivularis (Unio) Rafinesque............-
822 | Roanokensis (Margarita) Lea..........-.
698 | Roanokensis (Margaron) Lea............
686 | Roanokensis northamptonenesis (Unio)
699 IDG eran aainrc HHAEsR Sra aeTat ana eSdaT
850 | Roanokensis (Unio) Lea-....-.:..--......
850 | Rochebruneana (Moncetia) Bourguignat
912 | Rochebrunei (Spatha) Jousseaume.......
Rochechouarti (Quadrula) Heude .....--
Rochechouarti (Unio) Heude .........-..
Roissyi (Margaritana) Westerlund ...._..
Roissya) (Unio) eMichaudee-eees-ee sees
Rolleit(Unio skobelte eee aes
Rosaceus (Unio) Conrad .................
Rosaceus (Unio) De Kay .-..-............-
RosanorhamphviSkessseee sees eeee er eres
Rosea (Anodon) Heude.................-
Rossmissleriana (Anodonta) Dupuy .....
Rostelll many (Unio) Weal eases ee eee eee ee
Rostreeformis (Unio) Lea................-
Rostralis (Unio) von Martens .........--.
Rostrata (Anodonta) Held ...............
Rostrata (Anodonta) Rossmiissler........
Rostrata (Grandieria) Bourguignat -.....
Rostrata (Iridina) Rang.........--....-..
Rostrata (Mutela) Rang.........-..--.-..
| Rostrata (Mutelina) Bourguignat........
Rostrata (Spatha) von Martens ...-......
Rostrata (Unio) Lamarck............--..-
Rostrata (Unio) Valenciennes. ..-......-.
Rostratus (Anodon) Sowerby .........-..
Rostriformis (Margaron) Lea........-...-
Rostriformis(Umio)Leareeeeeee eee eceeee
Rostrum (Margaron) Lea ................
Rostrum’ (Umio) ueataeste ees eee eeeeeee
Roswellensis (Margaron) Lea............
Roswellensis (Unio) Lea ................-
Rothi (Unio) Bourguignat .......-......-
Rotulata (Obovaria) B. H. Wright.......-
Rotulatus (Unio) B. H. Wright...........
Rotunda (Margaron) Lea ....-....--.--..
Rotunda (Mya) Wood .............----...
RowundaniapAcacsi zeae eee Ce eeeee re reeee
Rotundaria Rafinesque..........-..------
Rotundata (Anodonta) Trask ...........-
Rotundata (Glebula) Lamarck..........-
Rotundata (Grandidieria) Bourguignat -
Rotundata (Ihringella) Mousson........-
Rotundata (Spatha) yon Martens .......-.
Rotundata (Unio) Lamarck .......-.-.-..-
Rotundata (Unio) Manduyt.........-..--
Rotundatus (Anodon) Swainson ........-
Rotundatus (Margarita) Lea ............-
Rotundatus (Margaron) Lea ........-...--
Rotundatus (Plagiodon) Mousson...-...-
Rotundatus (Unio) Lamarck.............
Rotundus (Anodon) Spix .............-.-
Rotundus (Diplodon) Wagner......----...-
Rotundus (Glabaris) Spix............----
Rotundus (Margaron) Lea ........--....-
Rotundus (Unio) Wagner .......-.----..-
| Rousii (Unio) Dupuy...........-...---..-
800
639
624
737
736
829
627
627
829
905
905
905
905
682
723
601
698
918
INDEX.
: Page.
Rovirosai (Lampsilis) Pilsbry --.-..--.-.- 568 | Rugosissima (Hyria) Sowerby .-.-.---.---
Rovirosai (Unio) Pilsbry......---.------- 568 | Rugososuleata (Quadrula) Lea.....-..-..-
Rowellii (Margaron) Lea_......---...-..- 594 | Rugososulcatus (Margaron) Lea ...---.---
Rowellii (Nephronaias) Lea......-..----- 594, | Rugososuleatus (Unio) Lea ...--...-.----
Rowellii (Unio) bea______.-.--.22.----..- 594 | Rugosum (Lasmigona) Rafinesque....-..
Rubella (Anodon) Heude.........------- 639 | Rugosum (Triplodon) Spix .....-........
Rubella (Pleurobema) Conrad .....--.---- 757,758 | Rugosus (Anodon) Swainson.......-.----
Rubellinus (Margaron) Lea.--..-.-------- 590 | Rugosus (Unio) Chenu...-..........-.---
Moe liliinnss (Wmio) ben =ss2ses= = 52 esse 590 | Rugosus (Unio) Hanley and Theobald...
Rubellus (Margarita) Lea..........------ TS |) IROKSO SUIS (Wabi) TOQUE - se S66neescoesseds
Rubellus (Margaron) Lea ...........--.-- 758 | Rugulosa (Mya) Wood .-..-..-..-----..---
Rubellus’ (Unio) Conrad. .-...--..-.---.-- 757 | Rugulosus (Nephronaias) Charpentier...
Rubens (Anodonta) Lamarck....-..-..-- 895,896 | Rugulosus (Unio) Charpentier ...........
Rubens cailliaudi (Spatha) von Martens. . $96 | Rumphianus (Margaron) Lea.........---
Riibens)(Inidina) Ranges 222 222-25. 896 | Rumphianus (Quadrula) Lea ........----
Ripe nsi (blatiris)) ears 2222s ose sees 896 | Rumphianus (Unio) Lea.......-..---.---
‘Rubens (Spatha) Lamarck ...........-..- 895,896 | Rustica (Nodularia) Lea......-...-.-.---
Ri bensh (Wioio)) Menke\s2eee ness eee ae 691,789 | Rusticus (Margaron) Lea .........-..--.-
IR aere ((Wpabto)) CloraweNel oo coscasencuaseaces 790m | PRUStIGUSh (Unto) please eeecee sae
Rubicunda (Anodonta) Lea...-.....-.--- 918 | Rusticus (Unio) Sowerby ..-.-..-..--.---
Rubicunda (Margarcn) Lea......-...---- 918 | Rutersvillensis (Margaron) Lea .......--
Rubicundus (Glabaris) Lea .......-...--- 918 | Rutersvillensis (Unio) Lea.........-..-.-
Rubida (Quadrula) Lea ..............--.- 787 | Rutilans (Margaron) Lea ..............-.
Rubidus (Margaron) Lea.....-.......--.- Tis. || leqbhalenosy (Diu) Ie) S465-ascasceccosanocs
TEU opel pis) (OioNO)), ILER Sosangccoadssacecnas Ziad |) SEXGCRUAES (Wat) IQR Were Sosa cokseseosseess
Rubiginosa (Quadrula) Lea .....-...-..-. 5HIOW7/86 | sacculus! (Unio) PREeMes asses ee eee =
Rubiginosus (Margarita) Lea ........---- 786 | Sacellus (Nodularia) Drouet and Chaper.
Rubiginosus (Margaron) Lea.....-.-..-- ES 786 | Sacellus (Unio) Drouet and Chaper ...-.-.
Rubiginosus (Unio) Lea-.........-.------- 786) \esageril (Unio); Conradeessereess eee
Rubra (Amblema) Rafinesque ........--- 744 | Sagittaria (Nodularia) Lea...........--..-. 8
sRudis| (Unio) Conrad. .--.-----.22--...--- 748,758 | Sagittarius (Margaron) Lea.........-.---
IROVObIS) ((Ohatt®)) LEAN soon nasoncodsspocoosas 875 | Sagittarius (Unio) Lea.-..........--.--..--
Rudus (Diplodon) Lea ......-..-..-.---.- 875 | Sagittiformis (Margaron) Lea..........--
Rudus (Margaron) Lea....-......-...--.- 875 | Sagittiformis (Unio) Lea .............-..-
Rudus (Unio) Conrad .......----.-------- 758 | Sagrinatus (Unio) Sowerby -...-.-..-----
IRWGWS (CAMIO) 1EAsoascccosacadosossacmese 875 | Saladoensis (Lampsilis) Lea ....__-_.--.-
Ruellani (Parreysia) Bourguignat......-. 846 | Saladoensis (Margaron) Lea ........-...--
Ruellani (Unio) Bourguignat ..........-. 846 | Saladoensis (Unio) Lea ...........--.-.--
Rufescens (Cuneopsis) Heude...-....---- 805 | Salebrosus (Margaron) Lea........--.----
Rufescens (Unio) Heude ..-.......---.--- 805 | Salebrosus (Unio) Lea............--------
Rufofuscus (Diplodon) Lea...........-..-- 880 | Salmonea (Anodonta) Clessin.......--..--
Rufofuscus (Margaron) Lea......-..----- 722,880 | Salmonia (Anodonta) Lea..........-...--
Rufotuscus) (Unio) Wweas- 22225252522 5.-5.- 880 | Salmonia (Margarita) Lea............--.-
Rufus! (Margaron))) Lea 222-2 52-- ssc sea. 704 | Salmonia (Margaron) Lea....-.......-.--
IRE) (Wim) IUGR) Sas acodassadooqosoueecas 704 | Salweniana (Anodon) Gould..........-.- :
Rufusewlus! (Wmio)sbeass4- 4244 -ee esos 722 | Salweniana (Margaron) Lea........-.-..-
Rugata (Solenaia) Heude................ 657 | Salwenianus (Pseudodon) Gould..-...-.-.-.
Rugatus (Mycetopus) Heude-............-. 657 | Salwenianus (Unio) Sowerby.....-.---.--
Rugatus) (Blatinis) Wears. 5. sessacscnee 657 | Sampsonii (Truncilla) Lea.....-.....-.--
Rugatus (Unio) Hutton ......----........ 889 | Sampsonii (Unio) Lea............-...---.
Rugatus (Unio) Menke..........-.....-.- 697 | Sandri (Unio) Rossmassler ........-------
Rusifer) (Umio) Kuster sass ss.s22 eee 821 | Santeensis (Unio) Lea.............-..----
Rugifera (Anodonta) Dunker............ 648,902 | Sapotalensis (Margaron) Lea............-
IRAN, Shhooy aon soo scecueueassaacdcucass 670 | Sapotalensis (Nephronaias) Lea.......--.
Rugosa (Alasmodonta) Barnes........-.- 664,665 | Sapotalensis (Unio) Lea....-.......------
Rugosa (Baphia) H.end A. Adams....... 665 | Satillaensis (Margaron) Lea.......-- ates
Rugosa (Complanaria) Stimpson......... 665 Sail avensis) (Umi) plbeaeeeeessrer setae.
Rugosa (Hyria) Deshayes ....--.-....-.-- 869 | Satur (Margaron) Lea............-..----.
Rugosa (Margarita) Lea.........-.------5 GG), | Senate (Gian) IWC a Seooeaseonsesacosueas
Rugosa (Margaritana) Calkins........-.. 665 | Sauleyi (Leguminaia) Bourguignat......
Rugosa (Margaronj Lea.......-.......-.- 665 | Sauleyi (Margaron) Lea.............-.---
IRUTOSEY (CUAYEN IDEN <4 Sooo ecangdseccoouss 665 | Sauleyi (Microcondylea) Clessin......-..-
Rugosa (Mya) Gmelin.................... 844 | Sauleyi (Pseudodon) Conrad...........--
Rugosa (Parreysia) Gmelin .............- 844 | Sauleyi (Unio) Bourguignat...........-..
Rugosa (Unio) Hanley :.--..:-.-2-2.2222- 665 | Savannahensis (Margaron) Lea ...-...---
Rug osay (Unio) sPometeecaesaeeeaeseee eee 678 | Savannahensis (Unio) Lea...............-
1036 INDEX.
Page. Page.
Savoyensis (Unio) Petel................- 843 | Securis (Margarita) Lea................-- 604
Saxeus (Margaron) Lea .......------.---- 547 | Securis (Margaron) Lea..........-....... 604
Saxeus (Unio) Conrad. -2-----52---2-+---- 047 |) Securis| (Plagiola) Weas--- ~~. 2.2... o- 2. 603
Sayanus (Unio) Conrad ...........--.-.-- 78), Gok | Se@wureis) (Wiel) IUC8, sscecocceacscasecsesecs 603
Seyvt (WW pawlo)) WWeivsl scocscaosonocosaccsesoone 739,741 | Sedakowi (Anodonta) Siecmaschko.....- 648
Sealdiana (Anodonta) Dupuy ...------.-- 624 | Semialatus (Physunio) Deshayes and
Scalenaria (Rafinesque) -.......-..--..--- 519 SHS aeaee eoseeeaeecd Hoop atabbondodd 831
‘Sceailenius (Umilo)iSayeeeseee eects see 752 | Semialatus (Unio) Deshayes and Jullien. 831
Scamnatus (Margaron) Lea .....---.----- 595 | Semidecorata (Nodularia) L. Morlet ..... 819
Scamnatus (Nephronaias) Morelet ...---- 595 | Semidecoratus (Unio) L. Morlet........-. 819
Scamnatus (Unio) Morelet ......-....-.-- 595 | Semigranosus (Margaron) Lea.........-. 702
Seaphydium (Anodon) Heude ...-.--..--- 639. | Semigranosus (Unio) Lea....-......-...-. 571
Scheefferiana (Strophitus) Conrad.....-... 617 | Semigranosus (Unio) Reeve...........--- 702
Schlaflii (Anodonta) Mousson.......----- 648 | Semigranosus (Unio) yon dem Busch .... 701,702
Schlegeli (Barbala). Petel..........-...-- 531 | Semiplicatus (Unio) Kuster.............. 590
Schlegeli (Hyriopsis) yon Martens ...---. 581 | Semiquadrata (Unio) Sowerby........... 831
Schlegeli (Unio) von Martens...-.-.-.-.- 581 | Semirugatus (Unio) Chenu....-.......-.- 842
Scheefferianus (Anodon) Sowerby...----- 617 | Semirugatus (Unio) Lamarck............ 693
Schombergiana (Castalia) Sowerby -...--- 864 | Semisulcata (Iheringella) H. Adams..... 913
Schomburgianus (Anodon) Sowerby...-.. 920 | Semisulcata (Monocondylea) H. Adams. 913
Schomburgianus (Glabaris) Sowerby..... 920 | Semmelinki (Unio) von Martens......... 834
Schomburgianus (Ptychorhynechus) Sempervivens (Anodonta) Deshayes..... 588
Ee Wale maaan atl ravens Seay serene une 851 | Senegalensis (Anodonta) Lea .......-.... 900
Schombergianus (Tetraplodon) Sowerby. 864, | Senegalensis (Margaron) Lea .....-...... 900
Schomburgianus (Unio) Heude........-.. 851 | Senegalensis (Spatha) Petel ..........-.. 900
Schomburgki (Anodonta) von Martens -- 588 | Senegalica (Mutelina) Jousseaume...-... 900
Schomburgki (Pilsbryoconeha) yon Mar- Sennaariensis (Unio) Kuster...........-- 821
GETING A ee ee a bie ae pane eee 588 | Sennariensis (Unio) von Martens .......- 813
Schooleraftensis (Margarita) Lea ......-. 780 | Serpentina (Anodonta) Clessin .....-.--- 917
Schoolcraftensis (Margaron) Lea--:...-.. 780 | Serradelli (Dalliella) Drouet............- 83h
Schooleraftensis (Unio) Lea...-..-..-.... 780 | Serradelli (Unio) Drouet..-:.-..-2.------ 834
Schooleraftii (Margaron) Lea..........-. 780 | Servainiana (Grandidieria) Bourguignat. 828
Sehooleraftii (Unio) B. H. Wright -....... 780 | Sheefferiana (Anodonta) Lea......-...--- 617
Schrencki (Unio) Westerlund............ 808 | Sheefferiana (Margaron) Lea..........-.- 617
Schréteriana (Anodonta) Lea............ 931 | Shafferiana (Anodonta) B.H. Wright .... 617
Schréteriana (Margaritana) Peetel ....... 931 | Shanghaiensis (Unio) Lea......-...-...-. 808
Schroteriana (Margaron) Lea ............ 931 | Shefferiana (Anodonta) Clessin.......-.. 617
Schréterianus (Glabaris) Lea .........-.. 931 | Shepardianus (Margarita) Lea......--.-- 737
Schweinfurthi (Unio) yon Martens .-...-- 862 | Shepardianus (Margaron) Lea ....-.....-. 737
Schwerzenbachi (Unio) Bourguignat .... 694 | Shepardianus (Unio) Lea ...-....-...---- VEYA
Scitulus (Margaron) Lea.........-...-..- 554 | Sheppardianus (Unio) Peetel............. 737
Scitwilusi (Umi o) eases ease eee 5o4 | Shistodesma Simpson .....-....-- 506, 514, 503, 804
Scobina (Nodularia) Hanley .-........-.- 816 | Showalterii (Anodonta) Lea .....-.....-.- 617
Scobinas; (Unio) Melanie yae aspen 816 | Showalterii (Margaron) Lea ........-...- 617, 757
Secobinata (Nodularia) Lea.............-. 815 | Showalterii (Pleurobema) Lea ..-......-.- 756, 757
Scobinatus (Margaron) Lea --....-.-...-- S15) 1) Showalterii (Unio) weass ses eeasee eee eee 757
Scobinatus (Unio) lea >..-.-..:......-... 815 | Shurtleffiana (Nodularia) Lea...-......-- 813
periptan(Quadnula)waeudes 24s. s24 ee. 802 | Shurtleffianus (Margaron) Lea........-... 818
Seripto-polystictus (Unio) Heude...-..-.. 799 | Shurtleffianus (Unio) dea --.-..--2..--.2% 813
Seripto-polystrictus (Unio) Peetel -....... 799 | Shuttleworthii (Diplodon) Lea.........-- 893
Scriptum (Alasmodon) Rafinesque.....-. 672 | Shuttleworthii (Margaron) Lea ......-..: 893
Secriptus (Anodon) Sowerby...----.-.---- 924 | Shuttleworthii (Unio) Kuster ............ 891
SCLUp CUS) (Wm) ECU eC ese as eee 802 | Shuttleworthii (Unio) Lea ..-.........-.. 893
Seutum (Lamellidens) Sowerby....--.--- 857 | Siamensis (Margaron) Lea.....22.222.5-5 859
Scutum (Unio) Sowerby..-.....-.-------- SEE || Siepoaerarns) (\Ohowi@)) IKEB) 4 oscckcoossaocsdco= 859
Sculptilis (Alasmodonta) Say ..--....---- 667 | Siamensis (Unio) Morelet -......-...--.-- 819
Sculptilis (Strophitus) Stimpson ........- 667 | Sicula (Potamida) Swainson.....-.....--- 683, 68
Sculptus.(Unio) Deshayes....-........--- 808 | Siculus (Unio) Hanley ..2-..-..2..2-22--- 683
Scutulatus (Lampsilis) Morelet .......-.- 576. |. Siculus' (Unio) Sowerby 222-222-3252 -s2- 686
Scutulatus (Unio) Morelet ........-.-..-- 576 | Sikkimensis (Margaron) Lea.........--.. 845
Scyphius; (Unio) pkeusterns eee e encase 76! | Sikkimensis (Parreysia) Lea...........-.- 845
Sebastanee (Unio) von Ihering .........-. 894 | Sikkimensis (Unio) Lea......-..........- 845
Secundus (Pseudodon) Heude .......-.-- 8h, Siliqua (Anodonta) Kuster....-.......-.- 588
Secundus (Unio) Petel...-..2..2.2.5-.--- 84) | Siliquoidea (Lampsilis) Stimpson ........ 5384
Securiformis (Anodon) Heude..-.-.....--. 638 | Siliquoidea (Mya) Eaton...........-..... 534
Securiformis (Unio) Conrad......-....--- 781 | Siliquoides (Unio) Kuster...........--..- : 534
INDEX. 1037
Page. Page.
Siliquoideus (Unio) Barnes .....-...---.-- 534 | Soleniformis (Anodonta) d’Orbigny..._-. 930
Siliquosa (Mycetopoda) Spix.........-.-- 93, | Soleniformis (Glabaris) @’Orbigny ....... 930:
Siliquosus (AmoGlon)) Siak< Ssoosseussacenc 934 | Soleniformis (Margarita) Lea............ 930
Siliquosus (Mycetopus) d’Orbigny.....--- 934 | Soleniformis (Margaritana) Peetel........ 679
Silquosus)(Plaitiris); Weare s+) 2682 eee 934 | Soleniformis (Margaron) Lea.........-.-. 930, 935
Siliquosus yar. b. pygmeum (Anodon) Soleniformis (Mutela) Bourguignat ..._.. 903
IS DU Na enn eee Govier uore, aia 934 | Soleniformis (Mycetopoda) d’Orbigny -.. 935
Simplex (Margarom) Lea.-.-...-....--..- 614 | Soleniformis (Mycetopus) Fischer........ 656
Siranjoloxe (Wi) WS -b esaosedcoessssaq500 614 | Soleniformis (Mycetopus) Reeve......... 935.
Similaris (Quadrula) Simpson ..........-. 799 | Soleniformis (Platiris) Lea........-...... 935
Similis (Margaron) Lea ...........-.--.-- 716 | Soleniformis (Solenaia) Benson.........- 656
Similis (Mycetopus) Heude ...........--- 657 | Soleniformis (Spatha) Hanley and Theo-
Similis (Unio) Lea......-- Sodas Gea BRS RBBA 716 allie ee Sees see ees crane eae 6A6-
Simonis (Unio) Tristram ...........------ 693 | Soleniformis (Unio) Lea....-.......... ee 679:
Simplicidus (Anodon) Sowerby .-...-.----- 625 | Solida (Anodonta) Kuster...........-.--. 917
Simpsoni (Mutela) Amcey ....-.-....-..-- 904. | Solida (Iridina) Kuster.................-. 896.
Simpsoni (Unio) B. H. Wright..........-- AES Solider @Viy.sca) aturtoniesenes sees eae aee 685.
Simpsoniana (Anodonta) Lea ........---. 647 | Solida (Quadrula) Lea ............... 757, 765, 789
Simpsoniana (Margaron) Lea .....-.----- 647 | Solidula (Anodonta) Deville and Hupe .. 928.
Simpsonianus (Glabaris) Pilsbry -.....--- 925 | Solidula (Margaron) Lea......-..--.....- 928.
Simpularis (Parreysia) Heude..........-- 845 | Solidulus (Diplodon) Philippi-........... 88t
Simpularis (Unio) Heude ...........-.-.. 845 | Solidulus (Unio) Philippi................ 881
Simulans (Pleurobema) Lea........-.---- 760 | Solidus (Margarita) Lea.................. 789
Sioa DUN) (Wrawko)) ILCEW Ase sosascdsenssaoseas 760 | Solidus (Margaron) ea .................- 789:
Simus (Mampsilis) Lea ..-..2-.-:..222.2-- HAD. || SOM (Wha) WO -asaneonodocbandaacosaca 789
Simus (Margarita) Lea:...-......1.---.-- 556 | Solisiana (Unio) @’Orbigny............... 887
Simus (Margaron) Lea ..................- 556 | Solisianus (Diplodon) d’Orbigny .......-. 887
SiS (WAG), WE caoassoscesosssadssenads 556 | Somboriensis (Harmandia) Rochebrune ~ 827
Sinensis squammosus (Unio) Heude ...-. 850 | Somersi (Anodonta) Call.............-.-- 648.
Singleyanus (Lampsilis) Marsh ........-. 663 | Sondermannii (Anodonta) Kuster ....... 625
Singleyanus (Unio) Marsh .......-.-.-.-- 563 | Sordida (Zaira) Rochebrune -........-... 862
Singularis (Grandidieria) Bourguignat .. 829 | Sordidus (Margaron) Lea ................ 732
Sintoxia (Obliquaria) Rafinesque .....-.- (449 sSordiduss (WUmio) plea eeree esas eee cre ere 732
Sinuata (Obliquaria) Rafinesque-........- 744 | Sorini (Anodon) Heude .....--...-....-.. 639
Sinuata (Spatha) von Martens .........-- 899 | Sowcrbyanus (Margarita) Lea ........-.- 521.
Simwatay (Unio) iC yPreitier sss 5-2 esse s- =. 676 | Sowerbyanus (Margaron) Lea ........... 521
Sinuata (Unio) Lamarck .....-.......-..- 678 | Sowerbyanus (Unio) Lea .-.-...--.......- 520
Sinuosa (Anodonta) Clessin....-........- 917 | Spadiceus (Margaron) Lea -..........-.-: 732
Sinuosa (Anodonta) Lamarck......-..-.- OD) | SHOANGSUG) (Wiawko)) IES, osscccacsscanscsdace 732
Sinuosa (Margarita) Lea ..........--.---- O25 |Oparsa (Quadrulla) hearse seceeneeeeee V75
Sinuosa (Margaron) Lea.......--...-....- 925) |/eSparsus) (Margarom) Weamsseseseses see ee 775
Sinuosus (Glabaris) Lamarck ........---- Ops |: Shops (Upon) Mauser cesseseososacesocso 784
Sirionis (Anodonta) d’Orbigny........-.-. OMG ||: ShoMeses (AOiauo)) ICR se bsccdansoosccsoocesoc 775
Sirionis (Glabaris) d’Orbigny.-........---. Gisniwsparus) (Margarom) ieaeesseeees ees eee 555
Sirionis (Margarita) Lea............--..-- Onis} ||, Spoewebis (Vial) JUS ec cdccdeseaceosusseuce 5DD
Sirionis (Margaron) Lea....-......-....-- HS || Soa UE Coke keycacescsououes 506, 515, 895, 901
Sitifensis (Unio) Morelet ..............--- 694862 |b Spavhopsisisim PSOne eer errata eeeei ase S57
Sloatianus (Margaron) Lea.....-.......-. 706 | Spathuliformis (Spatheila) Bourguignat. 898
Sloatianus (Plectomerus) Conrad ........ 706 | Spatiosa (Anodonta) Cicssin ...........- 584.
Sloatianus (Umno) sels eae yeh pee meats 705,706 | Spatiosa (Barbala) Peetel..............--- 585
Smaragdina (Craspedodonta) Anton -.... 584 |) Spatiosa (Cristaria)) @lessin-------.--22 22+ 554, 585
Smaragdites (Unio) Benson .............- $43 | Spatulatus (Lampsilis) Baker ..........-.- 557
Smithi (Grandidieria) Bourguignat..-...- 829 | Spatulatus (Margaron) Lea -...-...-.-... 557
Shoasi(Vavbt (MienEe wel) ILCkl As Soscoossoancces 8801 eSpatulatus (Umio) lucas. seeenas soe 557
Smithii:(Margaron) Lea..--.......-...-:- 880 | Spatulatus (Unio) Sowerby-..-.-.....-.- Af 596
Smithii (Unio) Gray and Pidgeon........ 880 | Speciosa (Quadrula) Lea ..........-..--.- 778
Sobolus (Nodularia) Fischer...........--. 819 | Speciosus (Margaron) Lea.......---..---- 778
Sobolus (Unio) Fischer.......-..:.-----.- 819 | Speciosus (Unio) Lea-.--.....-...---.---- 778
Soleilleti (Unio) Bourguignat............ 862 | Spekii (Cameronia) Bourguignat.......-- 909
SolenaiaiConradizessss-4- 22-24 ee= 506, 514, 655,933 | Spekii (Iridina) Woodward...........-..-- 909
Solenidea (Anodon) Sowerby .....-...--- 930 | Spekii (Mutela) von Martens...........-- 909
Solenidea (@Miargaron)uCare seas: eee sence 930m eSpekain@blatinis) lease sne nes see ase 909
Solenoides cylindrica (Unio) Rafinesque. 773 | Spekii (Pleiodon) Woodward .-......-..--- 909
Solenoides (Loncosilla) Rafinesque ...... 862° | Spheerica (Quadrula) Lea ..--..-.---22..- 781
Solenoides (Mycetopus) Sowerby-..-....... 935 | Spheericus (Margaron) Lea...-......----. 781
Soleniformis (Anodonta) Benson......-.. 656 | Spheericus (Unio) Mea: 22... .2-22 21-222 781
1038
Spheniopsis (Quadrula) Morelet..........
Spheniopsis (Unio) Morelet ...........---
Sphenorhynehus (Unio) Fischer and
GHOSE ecg dooananssundesodosouAeaeegpocce
Spillmanii (Margaritana) Lea............
Spillmanii (Margaron) Lea ............--
Spillmanii (Strophitus) Lea ............-.
Spillmanii (Unio) Lea. -.-..-..-..-..-.---
Spillmanii (Unio) Sowerby..........-----
Spinellin@Unio) MVAllae == esse eee eee eee
Spinosa (Canthyria) Swainson .......-...
Spinosus (Margarita) Lea ..............--
Spinosus (Margaron) Lea .........--.----
Spinosus (Shistodesmus) Simpson.......-
Spinosusi(Un10) tease aascre ere eeeaeee
Spissus (Margaron) Lea .............-.---
Songs ws ((UiawlO)) IES sesccascaosocasedcocace
Spixii (Columba) von Ihering ......-..--
Spixii (Leila) von Ihering .............--
Spixila (Unio) Ka4Onbigniye esse sae
Spixoconchayeilsbryy 22 secs acess see
Splendens (Anodonta) de Cristofori....-.
Splendens (Pleiodon) Conrad............
Splendida (Iridina) Chenu...............
Splendidus (Lampsilis) Lea.....-......-..
Splendidus (Margarita) Lea............-.
Splendidus (Margaron) Lea.............-.
Splendidus (Unio) Lea.............-2-.---
Kombat, (Gey) Crmebin oe sedcoscucoseaoce
Shouse ((Mive))) N@wal goessocescaucocsscdues
Sjowbushvisy (WWpoukoy)) JE(SwWOOs -oaasdgecasasedosnss
Squalidus (Margaron) Lea....-.-....--.-
Squmalidusl (Unio) ease tees eee
Squameus (Margaron) Lea..........-.-.-
Squameus (Unio) Lea...........--.--..-.
Squammosus levis (Unio) Heude........
Stabilis (Margaron) Lea...............---
Stabilis (Pleurobema) Lea.........---.-..
Stalbiligs (Wim) Ue es eee eee
Stagnalis (Anodonta) Bose..........-..-.
Stagnalis (Margaron) Lea.........-......
Stagnalis (Mytilus) Turton.........2.....
Stagnalis (Unio) Conrad ............-----
Stagnorum (Diplodon) Dautzenberg.....
Stagnorum (Unio) Dautzenberg..........
Stapes (Margarita) Lea........-..........
Stapes (Margaron) Lea....-....-.-....-..
Stapes (Quadrula) Lea...................
Stapes (Unto) Wea s sae saeeeeeeeeeeeee
Staudingeri (Mycetopoda) von Ihering...
Staudingeri (Mycetopus) von Ihering....
Stearnsii (Unio) B. H. Wright ....-.......
Stegaria (Obovaria) Rafinesque.........-
Stegarius irroratus (Unio) Peetel.........
Stegarius (Unio) Kuster................-.
Stegariusi(Umi0)Sayenece-seseeo scene eee
Stevenianus (Unio) Drouet ..............
Stevensil (Hyria) Wea... ...252225.22255..
ISLEVENSIig (UnLO) Lea a aaeeeie ree eciscne
Stewardsoni (Margaron) Lea.............
Stewardsoni (Truncilla) Lea.............
O wT x2 1 09 ~7 HI
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nn
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a=)
So oO
SD
So
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INDEX.
< Page.
Stolli (Unio) von Martens.............--. 771
Stonensis (Margaron) Lea.....-.......-... 705
Stomensish(Umio) Mbedseee ease eee ace 705
Stramineus (Lampsilis) Conrad.......... 538
Stramineus (Margarita) Lea ............. 5388
Stramineus (Margaron) Lea.-..........-. 538
Stramineus (Unio) Conrad.......-.--.--- 538
Strebelii (Anodonta) Lea ............---- 920
Strebelii (Glabaris) Lea ....-...-...-.---: 920
Strebelii (Margaron) Lea ..........-..--. 592, 920
Sore OOM (INO) WEP ococsaacoonseancccese 592
Striata (Anodon) Heude....-.......-..--. 638
Striata (Iridina) Oken .....-.--.-.:.....-- 903
Striata (Obovaria) Rafinesque -........-- 603
Striata (Pleurobema) Lea ......-......... 762
Striatissimus (Unio) Anthony...-......-. 764
Striatulus (Margaron) Lea............--- 719
Striatulus) (Umio)) Wea 22222222 -s2- 2 sane 719
Striatus (Margaron) Lea .............-..- 762
Striatus! (Unio) beara seee ene ee eee 762
Striatus) (Unio) PReeV.ersss-en ee eeeeee nee 781
Striatus (Unio) Sowerby ....-........-... 548, 670
Strigillatus cylindrica (Unio) B. H.Wright 773
Strigosus (Margaron) Lea -....-.......-... 732
SUREROSIS} (LONGO) ILCH socsoccososoudacsescs 732
Strodeana (Pleurobema) B. H. Wright... 761
Strodeanus (Unio) B. H. Wright........-. 761
Strophitus Rafinesque......-..-..-506,514, 616 658
Strumosus | (Unio) pleasseeeeeee ee eee eases 729
Stuarti (Anodon) Sowerby ...-...-.--..-- 892 .
Stuarti (Margaritana) Peetel..........--.- 892
Stuarti (Unio) Sowerby ..-..----.-2-.-.-- 893
Stuhlmanni (Parreysia) von Martens .... 846
Stuhlmanni (Spatha) von Martens......-. 900
Stuhlmanni (Unio) von Martens......... 846
Styganodon von Martens........----..--- 929
Suavidicus (Diplodon) Lea .............. 876
Suavidicus (Margaron) Lea...--.-..--.-- 876
Suavidicus (Unio) Lea.......-......2...- 876
Subeequilatera (Spatha) von Martens.... 899
Subamygdalinus (Unio) Drouet .......--- 862
Subangulata (Anodon) Anthony.......-- 644
Subangulatus (Lampsilis) Lea .........-. 556
Subangulatus (Margaron) Lea .........-- 556
Subangulatus (Unio) Lea........:....--- 556
Subangulatus (Unio) Sowerby ....--.---- 560
Subcarinata (Anodonta) Currier......... 633
Subcircularis (Anodonta) Clessin........ 628
Suberassa (Dalliella) Lea ..........-.-.-. 833
Subcerassa (Margaron) Lea ...........-.-. 833
Subcroceus (Unio) Conrad.............-. 740
Subecylindracea (Anodon) Sowerby....-.. 633 660
Subcylindracea (Anodonta) Lea.......-. 660
Subcylindracea (Margarita) Lea.,....... 660
Subcylindracea (Margaron) Lea......... 660
Subcylindraceus (Anodontoides) Baker... 660
Subcylindraceus (Unio) Lea ........-.--- 731
Subdiaphana (Mutela) Bourguignat..... 906
Subellipsis (Margaron) Lea...........--. 560
Subellipsis (Unio) Lea -....-.-..--..-.--- 560
Subflavus (Margaron) Lea-.............. 722
Subflavus (Unio) Lea ..:-.-....-.....---- 722
Subgibbosa (Anodon) Anthony ........--. 644
Subgibbosus (Margaron) Lea.........-.-- 704
Subgibbosus (Unio) Lea............------ 704, 707
Subglobata (Pleurobema) Lea ..........- 751
Subglobatus (Unio) Lea.......-.....--.--
Subglobosa (Margaron) Lea..........----
Subglobosus Unio) Lea.....--...---------
Subinflata (Anodonta) B. H. Wright
Subinflatus (Margaron) Lea...........---
Subinflatus (Unio) Conrad
Sublatus (Margaron) Lea
SMO TS (Chad) IUCR So sosacacosassgusdcods
Subluridus (Unio) Simpson
Subluxata (Anodonta) Kuster...-...-..--
Subniger (Margaron) Lea.............-.-
Subniger (Unio) Lea
Subolivaceus (Unio) Lea...........------
Suborbiculata (Anodonta) Say-....-------
_Suborbiculata (Margarita) Lea
Suborbiculata (Margaron) Lea...------.-
Suborbiculata (Unio) Lamarck
Suborbiculus Simpson.........-.--.------
Suboyatus (Margarita) Lea
Suboyatus (Margaron) Lea....-.......---
SUbOVatuUss(UN10) ease es sees see sae
Subparallelus (Unio) Lea
Subplanus (Margaron) Lea....-......-....
Subplanus (Unio) Conrad
Subponderosa (Anodonta) Dupuy
Subreniformis (Anodon) Sowerby.....---
Subreniformis (Spatha) Sowerby...------
Subreniformis (Unio) Bourguignat
~ Subrostrata (Anodonta) Philippi.....-..--
Subrostratus (Lampsilis) Say.....-.-...--
Subrostratus (Unio) Kuster
Subrostratus| (Unio) Saiy-------2----------
Subrotunda (Obliquaria) Rafinesque --.-.
Subrotunda (Quadrula) Lea....-.......--
Subrotundus circulus (Unio) Petel
Subrotundus (Margarita) Lea.....--..-.-
Subrotundus (Margaron) Lea
Subrotundus (Unio) Ferussac -......-.---
Subrotundus (Unio) Lea
Subrotundus (Unio) Sowerby
Subsinuata (Anodonta) Philippi
Subsinuata (Mycetopoda) Sowerby
Subsinuatus (Anodon) Sowerby....------
Subsinuatus (Mycetopus) Sowerby...----
Subsquamosus (Unio) Lea.....-.....-.----
Substriatus (Margaron) Lea..........----
Substriatus (Unio) Lea.............------
Subtentus (Margarita) Lea....--....-..--
Subtentus (Margaron) Lea......-...-.---
Subtentus (Medionidus) Say
Subtentusi@(WUmio)) Say a-ses soe seen cee
Subtetragona (Anodon) Heude
Subtetragona (Unio) Michaud
Subtigridis (Unio) Locard
Subtrapezius (Unio) Hanley............-.-
Subtriangularis (Burtonia) Bourguignat.
Subtriangularis (Pseudospatha) Bourg-
Subtrigonus (Margaron) Lea...........-.
Subtrigonus (Unio) Sowerby
Subyvexa (Anodonta) Conrad...........--
Subvexa (Lampsilis) Conrad
Subvexa (Margarita) Lea...............-.
Subvexa (Margaron) Lea...--..........--
Subviridis (Margaron) Lea.......-..-.-..
INDEX. 1039
Page. Page.
751 | Subviridis (Triquetra) Klein............- 870
644 | Succinea (Anodon) Heude............... 638
598 | Succineus (Mycetopus) Heude ..........- 656
643 | Succissa (Quadrula) Lea................-- 785
736 | Succissus (Margaron) Lea ............-.-- 785
ZOOM SUCCISSUS: (Wim O) els eae ee eee apa ee 785
(26m Suds" Wana psiliis) ease eee eens 561
(26s sudusi@Marcarom)uea) se. sj.2o) eae 561
ies |) Stoilbs (Wav) WEG. geosccuoulcaesee se ses 561
625 | Sula (Unio) Theobald .................... 678
73) | Sulcata (Anodonta) Kuster............... 642
730 | Suleata (Anodonta) Lamarck ..........-. 622
724 | Sulcata (Castalia) Krauss .../............ 867
636 | Sulcata (Castaliella) Krauss...........-.. 867
6364), Sulcata|(@runcillla) ean. 2 syns ee 520
636 | Suleata var.delicata (Truncilla) Simpson. 520
593 | Sulcataria Rafinesque -.....2.-..).-22.--- 673
835 | Suleatum (Pseudodon) Rochebrune...... 840
527 | Sulcatus (Margarita) Lea ................ 520
Sr |) ISWUCE NOS (Win) IEA cso nsscosococadcsas 519, 520
527 | Sulcidens (Unio) Lamarck ..............- 721
724 | Sulcosa (Anodonta) H.and A. Adams.... 648
720 | Sumatrensis (Unio) Lea.................- 818
720 | Sumatrensis (Rectidens) Dunker......... 853
624 | Sumatrensis (Unio) Dunker.............. 853
900 | Sumatrensis (Unio) Sowerby ............- 859
900 | Superbus (Margaron) Lea ..............-- 830
692 | Superbus (Physunio) Lea.............---- 830
648, 928 | Superbus (Unio) Sowerby ...........----- 830
546 | Superiorensis (Lampsilis) Marsh ......... 535
502 | Superiorensis (Unio) Marsh ..........-.-.. 530
546 | Suppositus (Unio) von Ihering........... 877
744 | Susanne (Anodon) Gray .............---- 924
790,791 | Sutrangensis (Hyriopsis) Morelet........- 580
600 | Sutrangensis (Unio) Morelet.............. 580
792 | Swainsoni (Unio) Sowerby .........------ 667
792 | Swainsoni (Margaron) Lea..............- 667
600 | Swananoensis (Unio) Hanley ..........-- 671
791 | Swinhoei (Anodonta) H.Adams ......... 586
751 | Swinhoei (Cristaria) H. Adams........... 586
648,919 | Swinhoei (Margaron) Lea...............- 586
934. | Swinhoei (Unio) H. Adams..............- 586
924, 925 | Swordiana (Pleurobema) §. H. Wright ... 750
934 | Swordianus (Unio) S.H. Wright......._.. 790
724 | Symmetricus (Margaron) Lea............ 740
Sly | Syammietricus|(Umio) ease aee 5. sae 739, 740
$11 | Symphynota Lea............. 506, 514, 583, 662, 663
591 | Syriacus (Margaron) Lea_................ 695
HOTA Syria cush (Umi O) Renee eee seeet ae 695
591 | Syrmatophora (Hyria) Gronoyius........ 868
589,591 | Syrmatophora (Hyria) Sowerby........-. 87
638 | Syrmatophora (Mya) Meuschen.......... 870
691 | Syrmatophora (Unio) Deshayes ........-- 870
689 | Syrmatophorus (Margarita) Lea.......... 870
919 | Syrmatophorus (Prisodon) Meuschen.... 870
578 | Tabascoensis (Anodonta) Morelet.-....... 616
| Tabascoensis (Margaron) Lea ..........-- 596
578 | Tabascoensis (Nephronaias) Charpentier. 596
798 | Tabascoensis (Unio) Charpentier ......-.- 596
580 | Tabula (Anodon) Sowerby ........-.----- 898
580 | Teeniatus (Lampsilis) Conrad ..........-. 541
533 | Teeniatus (Margarita) Lea...............- 541
533 | Teeniatus (Unio) Conrad ....-.........-.. 541
534 | Tahetianus (Unio) Catlow and Reeye.... 744
534 | Taitiana (Pleurobema) Lea .......-.--.-- 75h
870 | Taitianus (Margarita) Lea............---- 754
1040 INDEX.
Page. Page.
Taitianus (Margaron) Lea....------------ 754 | Teretiusculus (Unio) Jickeli.............. 826
Taitianus: (Umio)) Weassnss 20s ses eee 744,754 | Teretiusculus (Unio) Philippi............ 812
Taitianus (Unio) Sowerby.......--..----- 602 | Terminalis (Margaron) Lea............-. 689
Tampecoensis (Lampsilis) Lea ....-.---.- 570 | Terminalis (Unio) Bourguignat........_. 689
Tampecoensis (Margarita) Lea.....-..-.-.- 571 | Tesserule (Margaron) Lea............... 749
Tampecoensis (Margaron) Lea......----- 571 | Tesserule (Pleurobema) Lea............. Th9
Tampecoensis (Unio) Lea ........-------- 0/0) |Eubesseruleei (Unio) bene epee eee eee aeeenne 749.
Tamsana (Monocondylea) Dunker ....-. 913 | Testa crassa (Mya) Schréter.............. 677
Tanganikana (Grandidieria) Bourguignat 828 | Testudinarius (Unio) Spengler..........- 854
Tanganyicensis (Burtonia) Petel ......-- 577 | Testudineus (Unio) Morelet.............. 702
Tanganyicensis (Grandidieria) Smith.... 828 | Testudineus (Unio) Reeve................ 571
Tanganyicensis (Pseudospatha) Smith-:. HY || WAGONS sopscondGobdn docsossascce 514, 658, 765
Tanganyicensis (Spatha) Smith........-- 577, 578
Tanganyicensis (Unio) Smith ......-..--- 828, 848
Mamniacus)(Wmio)Peeteles sae ssaeee eee eee 541
Tanousi (Anodonta) Bourguignat...-.--- 649
Tanousi (Colletopterum) Bourguignat ... 649
Tappanianus (Margarita) Lea......-.--.- 663
Tappanianus (Margaron) Lea...:-.------ 663
Tappanianus (Unio) Lea .........--.----- 663
Tappianus (Unio) Catlow and Reeve .... 663
Tavoyensis (Margaron) Lea......-..----- 843
Tavoyensis (Parreysia) Gould........-..- 843
Tavoyensis triembolus (Parreysia) Benson Shh
Tavoyensis (Unio) Gould...........-..--- 843
Tawi (Anodonta) Rang ...-----..-------- 902
Tecomatensis (Lampsilis) Lea........----. ov1
Tecomatensis (Margaron) Lea ........--- 571
Tecomatensis (Unio) Lea .........-....-- 571
Tehuantepecensis (Anodonta) Fischer
ANAK Crosse ae has eee ene eee mee eee ene 933
Tehuantepecensis (Nephronaias) Crosse
andshischern ea. va skeee re hese aeeeeiee 59h
Tehuantepecensis (Unio) Crosse and
IBIiSCHeT Wet ee Ae eee en eee eer 594
Tellicoensis (Unio) Lea ........-...-.---- 751
Tenebricosa (Anodonta) Lea.....-..-.--- 929, 930
Tenebricosa (Margarita) Lea ......-...-- 930
Tenebricosa (Margaron) Lea..-..-....--- 930
Tenebricosus (Glabaris) Lea ........-...- 930,932
Tenebricus (Margaron) Lea.............-
Menebricus (Unio) weal eeese seers eee
Tenebrosus (Unio) Conrad.......--..-..-- 536
Tenella (Anodonta) Kuster ..........-... 624
Teneltus (Unio) Rafinesque...-........-. 744
Tener (lam psillis)) Leases 2552522 222222. 555
Mener(Margarom)) Weare =2- chess eeeci 555
Meners(WUmio) Mucai aa eres eee eee 5a5
Tenerus (Margarita) Lea...--....--...... 559
Tenerus (Margaron))) Wea ee ss-scse ene. 559
Tenerus' (Unio) Ravemele se eee 1 559
Tenerus (Unio) Simpson ......-...-..---. 551
Tennenti (Unio) Hanley and Theobald. . 842
Tennesseensis (Margaron) Lea.......-.... 541
Tennesseensis (Unio) Lea..............-- 541
Tenuis (Anodonta) Lea.................- 833
Tenuis (Dalliella) Lea..........-..-.--... 83.
Tenuis (Margaron) Lea -.......-.--...2.. 833
Menwiss (Unio) AGrayaeeseee eee eee ee ee 589
Tenuissima (Symphynota) Lea.........-. 576
Tenuissimus (Margarita) Lea ........-... 516
Tenuissimus (Margaron) Lea .....-...-.- 516
Tenuissimus (Unio) Lea........-.--.----- 576, 577
Teres (Anodonta) Conrad...........----- 633
Meresi (UNIO) ESAya ses asee eee ee eee 543
Teretiuscula (Nodularia) Philippi --.--.- 812
Tetragona (Anodonta) Lea............... 617
Tetragona (Margaron) Lea....._......... 617
Tetragona (Strophitus) Conrad........... 617
Tetralasmus camptodon (Unio) Say...... 7h0
Tetralasmus declivis (Unio) Say..........
Tetralasmus manubius (Unio) Gould.....
Tetralasmus (Margarita) Lea ; 740
Tetralasmus (Margaron) Lea ............- 740
Tetralasmus sayi (Unio) Ward _........_. 741
Tetralasmus (Unio) Say.........-........ 739
Retraplodon\S pis sass ees 506, 515, 863, 869
Tetricus (Margaron) Lea................. 718
Metricusi(Umi0)) Weak sesso ee eee 718
Texasensis (Anodonta) Lea .............. 645
Texasensis compressus (Lampsilis) Simp-
MOM Gocaoguooasb0cososuESoseéasesccesesos 564
Texasensis (Lampsilis) Lea ......~...... 563, 564 °
Texasensis (Margaron) Lea .............. 563, 645
Texasensis (Unio)/Tea -..--.-2.2--22..--2 563
Theca (Trapezoideus) Benson............ 859
Phecai(Unio)»Bensones =e seee =a eee 859
ThehidermarySwailnsone sass es ee aanee 775
Thomsoni (Grandidieria) Smith......._.. 829
Thomsoni (Margaritana) Peetel ......._.. 838
Thomsoni (Pseudodon) Morelet.......... 838
Mhomsoniq(Umio) Smith ss-eee ees sere 29
Thorntonii (Margaron) Lea..._.......... 750
Mhoorntombiy (Unio) Pecaeeesa eee nae 750
Thottoni (Mutelina) Rochebrune ........ 906
Thwaitesii (Lamellidens) Lea............ 856
Thwaitesii (Margaron) Lea..............-. 856
Thwaitesit (Unio) Lea...-...225--2222 2. 856
Tiberiadensis (Unio) Locard ............. 688
Tientsinensis (Quadrula) Crosse and De-
Wekh bb. gs ee eoehoopsdonedansaccoucancccos 798
Tientsinensis (Unio) Crosse and Debeaux. 798
Tientsinensis (Unio) Heude.......-...... 798
Tigridis (Unio) Bourguignat -....-....... 688, 690
Tigris (Margaron) Lea ...... Bee dc s - 688
Tinius (Unio) Locard.............-.-.---- 693
Tinkeri (Obovaria) B.H. Wright -........ 600
Tinkeri (Unio) B. H.Wright.............. 600
Tombigbeensis (Margaritana) Lea ..._... 619
Tombigbeensis (Margaron) Lea .........-. 619
Tombigbeensis (Strophitus) Lea ......... 619
Topekaensis (Margaron) Lea......-...... 547
Topekaensis (Unio) Lea-.........-..-.-.- 547
Torrentis (Anodonta) Heude.......--.--- 640
Torsa (Obovaria) Rafinesque............- 599, 603
Torsus (Unio) Potiez and Michaud....... 599
Tortilis (Anodonta) Lea.............-.--- 920
Tortilis (Glabaris) Lea ...........-.-..--- 920
Tortilis (Margaron) Lea....-....----::--. 920
Tortivus (Margaron) Lea....--..---.--.-- 718
“Nor B ALES) ((\OhaviO))) IDE oe ecsdassseassesosdas
Tortuosa (Quadrula) Lea-....----.-.-----
Tortuosus (Margaron) Lea. .......--.----
MOVEWOSUS) (WMO) MYC a eeer esos eels =r
Tortuosus (Unio) Sowerby. ..-.-.---.----
Torulosa (Amblema) Rafinesque....-..-.-
Torulosus (Unio) Conrad .....--.-.---.--
Torulosus (Unio) Ferussac .-..-.-------.-
Torulosus (Unio) Short and Eaton ....---
Trabalis (Lampsilis) Conrad. ........--.-
serail align (Wna1O) sComTad ee = as se <a sela1-
Mracheeas (Um10)) KObelteessss-2 4-22 ses -
Pragosus (Unio). Hanley...--..-.--.------
Mransversa (Hyria) Hupe--.:--..--.-----
Trapesialis (Anodonta) Lamarck .....---
Trapesialis (Anodontites) Lamarck..-.-..
Trapesialis anserinus (Glabaris) Spix ....
Trapesialis cygnaeformis (Glabaris)
IBIS OY @ SoLk SH ece Cen ea ee eae ea ene aee ee
Trapesialis exotica (Glabaris) Lamarck...
Trapesialis (Glabaris) Lamarck -....-- 914, 923,
Trapesialis (Iridina) d’Orbigny-.....-..---
Trapesialis moretonianus (Glabaris) Sow-
CID Veer sees ete sis ociamisinie Sisieieis wieisteeere =
CTO gn ei te cyatoyare es aller reisteteyevanicie weiss
Trapesialis scriptus (Glabaris) Sowerby...
Trapezea (Glabaris) von Ihering.......-.
Rrapezeus (Anodon)) Spix...-.-2---2---.-
Trapezia senilis (Spatha) yon Martens...
Trapezia (Spatha) yon Martens....-.....
Trapezialis (Anodonta) Blainyille ....._.
Trapezialis (Columba) Petel.......-.....
Trapezialis (Margarita) Lea..............
Trapezialis (Margaron) Lea..............
Trapezoides (Margarita) Lea....-........
Trapezoides (Margaron) Lea.....-.......
Trapezoides (Quadrula) Lea.....-......--
Rrapezoidess(Umio) Meas -e.-2-e-5- se.
Trapezoideus Simpson..............-- 506, 515,
Trautwiniana (Anodonta) Lea......--..-
Trautwiniana (Margaron) Lea...........
Trautwinianus (Glabaris) Lea ...........
Traversii (Nodularia) Pollonera .........
Traversii (Unio) Pollonera ..-............
Triangularis (Anodonta) Sowerby......-.-
Triangularis (Anodonta) Trask ..........
~ Triangularis (Margarita) Lea ............
Triangularis (Margaron) Lea............-
Triangularis (Mya) Haton....--.-.--....-
Triangularis (Mycetopus) Heude ....... -.
Triangularis (Obliquaria) Rafinesque....
Triangularis (Solenaia) Heude..........-
Triangularis (Unio) Barnes ..............
Triangularis (Unio) Kuster.....-....-...-.
irvaneularisy (Umi) Sayeecs--4-22--osseee
Triangulata (Alasmidonta) Lea..........
Triangulata (Margaritana) Lea..........
Triangulata (Margaron) Lea.............
Triangulata (Unio) Sowerby ..........---
Triclava (Quadrula) Heude..............
Mriclavus (Unio) -Heude@zs4.-2- 2-2 4se22-
BricoOlor (UNIO) Keusterencase see ee eee
Tricostatus (Anodon) Sowerby....-..--..
Triembolus (Unio) Benson.-...-.......-.-
Dritidus)(Diplodom) hearse. -- =. --- 5-5.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii
66
INDEX. 1041
i Page.
718))\\ Lrifidus!((Margaron) Wleaes.-cs2ess-e ese. 884.
(eels |) Mbieab ae hors (haw) 1bee Sooocosceooecossebcaae 884.
798 | Triformis (Nodularia) Heude............ 807
798))|) Driformis (Umio0)) Heude:.-222- 2222 --- 22. 807
(24s) eiriconascAnodonta)Heldesee 2 5 s5ens- 648
744 | Trigona (Margarita) Lea......-.......... 788, 928
523u mere ona (Marsarom)wWea sess 452 e ee 928
704 | Trigona (Quadrula) Lea ......... 510, 757, 787, 928
Glee ric onodoniConna dhe seers eos eee ee 834, 835
5585) brigonus:(Glabaris) spies 2-22-55. 927, 92.
558 | Trigonus (Margaron) Lea ................ 788
693 | Trigonus (Unio) Lea -...... --- 903, 504, 509, 784, 787
778 | Trigonus (Unio) Sowerby ..-.......-..... 786
869 | Trinacrus (Margaron) Lea ............... 614.
923 | Trinacrus (Ptychobranchus) Lea......... 614
G73} || WNahoevorwiss (Wms) IWS sce sodas oacasse socal 614
92 Tripartitus (Margaron) Lea...-........-. 843
AbatopneahaDs (Wick) Ie oA ee ee ee oa ake 843
GAs || Miejoloclom Sores oosdusocossocnodchoussnce 868
924, | Tripolitana (Leguminaia) Bourguignat .. 652
924 | Tripolitanus (Margaritana) Clessin ..._-. 652
923 | Tripolitanus (Pseudodon) Conrad........ 652
Tripolitanus (Unio) Bourguignat ........ 652
925 | Triqueter (Unio) Short and Eaton ....... 517
AVao Wie ney Sno eoasssesncsodoeacosseee 869
925 | Triquetra (Truncilla) Rafinesque -... 516,517,519
92/-@ jeeriquetran a; SimpsOneee ees ser en eee ee 869
917 | Trirostris (Unio) Musgrave............-.. 842
917 | Lrirostris (Unio) Sowerby..-.--........... 812
897 | Tristis (Spatha) Jousseaume ............. 897
SO 7as eelrishis) (Unio) eMoreletosee masses eee eee eee 676
OSM eUbristrama, (Unio) uocandesseaeeee ees cee 688
923 | Trisuleata (Parreysia) Heude............ 845
993 | Trisuleatus (Unio) Heude..-............. 802, 845
923 | Tritogomia Agassiz............-.2- 506, 510, 514, 607
772 | Triumphans (Quadrula) B.H. Wright.... 770
772 | Triumphans (Unio) B.H. Wright ........ 770
772, | Trompi (Nodularia) Drouet and Chaper.. 816
772 | Trompi (Unio) Drouet and Chaper.....-. 816
858 | Troostensis (Margarita) Lea ............. 558
922 | Troostensis (Margaron) Lea.............. 558
9225) Mroostensis: (Umi) Weare == --ee see ee 558
922 | Troostensis (Unio) Sowerby.-..--.--.--.-. 531,558
825 | Troostii (Margaron) Lea ......-.--....-.. 558
825 | Troostii (Unio) B.H. Wright ............. 508
648 | Troscheliana (Pleurobema) Lea ..... 754, 756, 797
629 | Troschelianus (Margaron) Lea...-....... 756
bila ebroschelianus!(Umio) suedsss— sees 2 eee 756
517 | Trossulus (Lampsilis) Lea-....-.......... 562
517 | Trossulus (Margaron) Lea..:-............ 562
65a ebrossulus! (Umno) eae enarm seers eae 562
744 | Troutwiniana (Anodonta) H. and A
657 VAVENTINS Wine seis tes tate reliatee eloreiniei bio are serail stale 922
517 | Troutwiniana (Margaron) Lea........... 922
788 | Truncata (Alasmodonta) B. H. Wright... 671
602 | Truncata (Alasmodonta) Conrad ........ 668
672 | Truncata (Anodonta) Kuster ........-... 649
672 | Truncatus elegans (Unio) Rafinesque.... 605
672 | Truncatus (Margarita) Lea .-....-....... 688
672 | Truncatus (Margaron) Lea..........--..- 688
800 | Truneatus (Prisodon) Schumacher ...... 863, 868
SOOM ie bruncatus (Unio) WSayesseeesseceeeaceeiciee 605
855 | Truncatus (Unio) Spengler ............-. 855, 862
638 | Truncatus (Unio) Swainson............-- 688
844 | Truncilla Rafinesque..-.....- 506, 511, 514, 516, 517
88 | Tryoni (Unio) B.H. Wright ...........-.. 714
1042 INDEX.
Page ’ Page.
Tryonii (Anodonta) Lea ...........-...-. 632 | Undulata (Alasmodonta) Say............ 667
Mryonil (Margarom) (eas este ee 632 | Undulata (Anodon) Gould.....-......... 617
Tuberculata (Cristaria) Schumacher..... 584 | Undulata (Anodonta) Hildreth .......... 616
Tuberculata (Mya): Eaton................ 608 | Undulata (Anodonta) Say.........-...--. 616, 618
Tuberculata obesa (Tritogonia) Simpson - 609 | Undulata (Baphia) H.and A. Adams..... 667
Tuberculata (Obliquaria) Rafinesque .... 794,795 | Undulata latecostata (Quadrula) Lea.... 769
Tuberculata (Quadrula) Rafinesque -.... 794,795 | Undulata (Margarita) Lea.....-.........- 618, 667
Tuberculata (Rotundaria) Agassiz.....-- 795 | Undulata (Margaritana) Kuster.....-..-. 667
Tuberculata (Tritogonia) Barnes ..-...-- 608 | Undulata (Margaron) Lea...........--..-. 618, 667
Tuberculatus (Margarita) Lea .......-.--- 608 | Undulata (Monodonta) Say .-........-.-- 666, 667
Tuberculatus (Margaron) Lea........--.- 6038s | UmGhuilatax (iy) pe atone sess ee eee eee 769
Tuberculatus (Unio) Barnes ..-..-....--- 509,608 | Undulata (Mya) Wood ................... 667
Tuberculatus (Unio) Conrad ......-..--.- 795 | Undulata pilsbryi (Quadrula) Marsh....- 769
Tuberculosa (Unio) Valenciennes ....--. 795 | Undulata (Quadrula) Barnes.-........... 768, 769
Tuberosa (Quadrula) Lea ........-.--.--- 774 | Undulata (Unio) Deshayes..-............ 616
Tuberosus (Margaron) Lea.......-.------ 774 | Undulata (Unio) Hanley..-...........-.. 667
AROS ROIS) (WIGNO)) IUEE.c ccoacassnascancasaa 774 | Undulatus (Margarita) Lea ...........--. 769
Tumescens (Margaron) Lea.....--.-.----- 750 | Undulatus (Margaron) Lea ............-- 769
Tumescens (Pleurobema) Lea .......---- 750 | Undulatus (Strophitus) Say .............. 618
Tumescens (Unio) Lea-..-..-..-....-.--: 750 | Undulatus (Strophitus) Stimpson ........ 667
Tumida) (Anodon) Heude.. 22-22-52... -: 638 | Undulatus (Unio) Barnes ..............-- 769, 802
Tumida (Anodonta) Kuster........------ CB) |) Whaichoilennbls (Wowk) SEVoSsosadasososccosoan 770
Tumida (Monocondylea) Deshayes and Undulifera (Anodonta) Clessin .......... 641
SMW em Sa AS eae ane ea eee aware 838 | Unicolor (Margaron) Lea -..............- 601
Tumidula (Nodularia) Lea....-.-...----- éi, \ Unicolor (Obovaria) Lea. 2-. 22222222 22--- 601
Tumidulus (Margaron) Lea.......-..-.-- S14 Unicolori@(Umio) euearees-seeeeee eee cere 601
Punaidulus) (Umio) Mees sesee essa ee 814 | Unicostatus (Unio) B. H. Wright ......... 547
Tumidus (Margaron) Lea .....-..-.--...- (lef) || Wrote) IRKSWATOIS Soe oe oe aoa coca asecouecaccoaac 501, 502,
Tumidus (Monocondylus) Morelet.....-- 837 503, 506, 510, 513, 514, 518, 530, 539, 579, 593, 602,
Tumidus (Pseudodon) Morelet......-.--- 837 674, 679, 703, 738, 740, 745, 760, 772, 791, 792, 798,
Tumidus (Unio) Retzius -..-....-..-...-- 513, 799, 801, 804, 845, 851, 857, 867, 877, 880, 883, 892
530, 679, 680, 684, 685, 698
Tunizana (Anodonta) Morelet.........-- 649
Tuomeyi (Margaronm)) Wea -.-2-5-----..-.-
“Nbyoranenyal, ((UpoulO))) IUGR) so onecodseccosooaaaes 726
TuUTCICUS (UNIO) MGUSLCLA ase eseiiie see 700
Turcicus (Unio) Parreyss ........-....-.- 694
Turgida (Castalia) Mupe-.2222 222-2222. 863
Turgidulus (Margaron) Lea...........--- 524
Turerduilus| (Umi) Wea eee 524
Turgidus (Margarita) Lea.............-.. 781
Turgidus (Margaron) Lea..........-..... 781
AdwoseniGhors) (hablo) LUCE soosdedeoesnasenceaae 781
Gribbqealohnls) (Uiebko))) IRGENKS 5 oassanodosaccneae 776
Turtoni (Unio) Payraudeau............-- 685, 687
Tuscumbiensis (Unio) Lea ............---. 749
Wiber (Unio) Conrade eases -eeeeeeeeseee 744, 780
Ucayalensis (Anodonta) Philippi ....-.... 928
“Uhareensis (Margaron) Lea -:..........-- i 724
Wih'areensish (Umi) sea weseeeeenee see 724
Umbonatus (Glabaris) Simpson ...-.-.---- 926
Umbonatus (Unio) Bourguignat .....---- 692
Umbrans (Margaron) Lea...........--.-. 549
Wimibran's:(Umio) Weare sss eeee sarees 549
Umbrosus (Lampsilis) Lea .......-....--- 570
Umbrosus (Margaron) Lea.....--.-..---- 570
Umibrosus!(UmIo) Wea oes 570
Unadilla (Anodon) De Kay........-...-. 617
Unadilla (Strophitus) Conrad..........-- 617
Undatay (Miya) Maton sss ee aeeeeeeee 788
WUndatusi(Umio)sBarnes/seesseeer acer. 788
Undatus (Unio) Conrad .....-...-....---- 788
Undosa (Castalia) yon Martens ........-- 866
Undosa (Castalina) von Martens.......-.- 866
Undulata (Alasmidonta) Say ....-...---- 666, 667
Undulata (Alasmodonta) C.B. Adams ... 618
UniomerusiConnaciss seen eee 680, 739
(Umionideseeese eee 501, 502, 503, 504, 505, 507, 511,
513, 514, 515, 516, 535, 744, 861, 863, 882, 933
Umionine 22s serch aacesce enna 501, 514, 516
UmiopsispNeassizisses ase eee eee eee 616
Uniopsis (Anodonta) Lamarck........... 653
Uniopsis (Leguminaia) Lamarck ........ 653
Uniopsis (Margarita) Lea.....-. PES oes 653
Uniopsis (Margaron) Lea....-.-...------- 653
UmiopsisiSiwaimsom\ seas feese eee eats 666
Wpsonin(Umio)sMiarshe eee nenie ease eee 539
Uruguayensis (Anodonta) Lea .........-. 917
Uruguayensis (Columbia) Peetel...--..... 917
Uruguayensis (Diplodon) Lea ............ 875, 885
Uruguayensis (Margaron) Lea ..........- 875, 917
Uruguayensis (Unio) Lea-..--..2...2--2-- 875
Usumasinte (Quadrula) Crosse and
BISCHEr soap e ese eee Cee eee Eee eee 196
Usumasintee (Unio) Crosse and Fischer .. 796
Utriculus (Margaron) Lea.....-..- eae 785
Utriculus (Quadrula) Lea...............- 785
Uitriculus( (Unio) sWeaeeeesseeneeeeeeeeeee 785
Ujijiensis (Grandidieria) Bourguignat -.. 848
Ujijiensis (Parreysia) Bourguignat....-.. 848
Vaalensis (Unio) Chaper -..--....----.--- 825
Vagulus (Hyriopsis) Fischer ............- 580
Vagulus (Unio) HPischer--2-2.2-2-2222-2.- 581
Valdivanus (Unio) Philippi-....:......-.- 881
Valentinus (Margaron) Lea..--......-..- 686
Valentinus (Unio) Rossmissler .......--- 686
Valentinus (Unio) Sowerby .....--------- 692
NVaileus) Giridimea) Jaymes sen eeeener eee 908
Valida (Pleurobema)) ea -2- 25-2225. 22. 7h9
Validuss (Unio) sbenese esse eee eee 749
Vallata (Quadrula) Lea...-......-...--.- 782
. ty) gy Se oa oe
INDEX. 10438
Page. Page.
Vallatus (Margaron) Lea...............-. 782 | Verrucosa (Tritigonia) Smith............ 609
\Welleninblss (What) Ie. cosccéocesseososeuces 782 | Verrucosa (Tritogonia) Agassiz .........- 609
Vanuxemensis (Lampsilis) Lea.......... 548, 549 | Verrucosa (Unio) Valenciennes.......... 779
Vanuxemensis (Margarita) Lea..-......- 549 | Verrucosus albus (Unio) Hildreth........ 610
Vanuxemensis (Margaron) Lea.........- 549 | Verrucosus (Margarita) Lea.............. 795
Vanuxemensis (Unio) Conrad....-....... 549 | Verrucosus (Margaron) Lea../.........-. 799
Vanuxemensis (Unio) Lea ...-........... 649 | Verrucosus purpureus (Unio) Hildreth .. 795
Vanuxemensis (Unio) Sowerby .-...----- 508 | Verrucosus (Unio) Barnes................ 795
Vanuxemi (Margaron) Lea ............-. yA) |) N/Erae LOO vIS} (Ono) SPY Goooececeesaesosese 608
Vanuxemii (Unio) B. H. Wright.......-. 049 | Verruculosus (Unio) Heude.............. 802
Variabilis (Anodonta) Draparnaud ....-. 6227) |/sViersus) (Margarom)) Wea. see... 55 25-2. 814
Variabilis (Diplodon) Maton ....-.....--. 888) | \vierus| (Marearom)slWeamsses seen one. 737
Variabilis (Margarita) Lea............... gsisis} || WWEIPDS (Wabi) ILGRy, seh basososocecso5oHGnes 757
Variabilis (Margaron) Lea .......-.-.-.-. 888. | Verutus (Margaron) Lea -..........-..... 727.
Varia bilish@Viya)) Maton 5-22 ess... eStats) |] WereionabIS, (iow) IER, oes cobasneocoadoone 726
Variabilis (Unio) @’Orbigny .......--..... 888" | Viescol (Margarom)) eas... 5.22.5.-. 20-4. 694
Waricosay (elewrobema))ize--2-2s24---242--- 509 | Vescoi (Unio) Bourguignat...........:..- 694
Waricosa, @Um10)) Wamarcles 2-2. 5+-s2e--2- 671 | Vescoiana (Anodonta) Bourguignat ..... 28
Varivosus (Margarita) Lea ............-.- 765 | Vescoiana (Margaron) Lea ..............- 628
Varicosus (Margaron) Lea-.......-..-.--. 765 | Vesicularis (Lampsilis) Lea .............. 562
Wenei@osug (Wiswio)) IUCR eases sccssecesdoones 765) je Viesicularis) (Unio) ealeseee asses eee 562
\Wenias) (Witwlo)) i2eawell Sos oekeeecdosoaeecesos (28a Viestituss(Margaron)lieadseseeeseeeseee ee 708
Vaughanianus (Lampsilis) Lea .......... GHD | We sntabs (Wino) Ie coacesosoeoesecocdss= 708, 804
Vaughanianus (Margarita) Lea....-.-.-.- 550 | Vestitus var.a (Unio) Heude ............ 801
Vaughanianus (Margaron) Lea....-..... 550 | Vestitus var.b (Unio) Heude __......._.. 804
AVaruenamaanas) (Uimio)) seas. sees eee 500 | Vibex (Lampsilis) Conrad ............-.. 559
Vaughanianus (Unio) Sowerby ...-.-.--- OY) |. Walloed< (Miehgepuatie))) IL@Pidoeccoeoodedousecss 560
Velaris (Physunio) Sowerby..-...-....... Cpl | Wiliges< (MIE MESE HOM) ILA, Yo4 5 54ouencccocaans 560
Welevals (Wie) Isebolleaycoo5esneaeseocsoedec 830 | Vibex nigrinus (Lampsilis) Lea......._.. 560
ivelarisy (Umi1o)iSowerbygecse--oses seco oe coral | Walloyed< ((WWhavi)) CloroueNol -oeoeocoeusocos soeee 559, 716
\W@lenwe) (Oiatl@)) Corben os acososcessesceees 613 | Vicinus(Margaron) Lea ................. 730
Vellicatus (Nephronaias) Reeve ...---.--. SOY |) Wagtarrs (bavi) IES, Soounsodanoconseascesue 730
Velthuzeni (Hyriopsis) Schepman ....-.. 681 | Vignoniana (Anodonta) Musgraye.....-- 902
Velthuzeni (Unio) Schepman............- 581 | Vignoniana (Margaritana) Bernardi..... 901, 902
\Wellunan, (Wisui®)) SEWaccocesascoseacoseccan0 575 | Vignoniana (Margaron) Lea ........--.-.- 902
Ventricosa (Anodonta) C. Pfeiffer........ 623 | Vignoniana (Spatha) Bernardi .......... 902
Ventricosa (Mycetopoda) d’Orbigny -__-. 935 | Vignoniana (Unio) Reeve...-........-..- 902
Ventricosa (Mycetopus) d’Orbigny ....-.. 935 | Villosus (Lampsilis) B. H. Wright ........ 562
Ventricosus (Lampsilis) Barnes ..---.- 526,527,529 | Villosus (Unio) B. H. Wright -...-....::.. 562
Ventricosus (Margarita) Lea .......-..-.- 526 | Vinckei (Unio) Bourguignat............. 862
Ventricosus (Margaron) Lea....--......- 526 | Violaceus (Unio) Spengler ............... 721
Ventricosus (Mya) Eaton ........-.....-- 5267s Varens) (Anodonta) beams sae eee een ee 645
Ventricosus (Platiris) Lea ........-.----- 9307) Varens) (Mangzarom)iliean seme seerercee ses sae 645, 722
Ventricosus satur (Lampsilis) Lea ....--. al - Nabeaaly (nebo) UGE aecocosocbocaccocdaneS 722
Ventricosus (Unio) Barnes......-. 526, 527, 528, 533 | Virescens (Lampsilis) Lea................ 5hh
Ventrosa (Brazzzea) Bourguignat .....--. 907 | Virescens (Margaron) Lea .............-. 544
Venus (Unio) Rafinesque....-....-- ease TEBE |e Wabresecrals) (sans) IVER) oe canoosacecosaesous 544
-Venustus (Lampsilis) Lea -....-..-.------ 543 | Virgata (Anodonta) Conrad.............. 617
Venustus (Margarita) Lea............-... 543 | Virgatus (Strophitus) Conrad ............ 617
Venustus (Margaron) Lea...-.-.....-..-- 643 | Virginiana (Unio) Lamarck ........-.... 536, 721
Venustus (Unio) Morelet.-...-.......-... 815 | Virgulata (Anodonta) Lea .....-......... 631
Venustus (Unio) Sowerby.-.....-.-..------ 039 | Virgulata (Margaron) Lea...........-.--- 631
Wer, (Pieimooesne))) JOC oaoscooncdoodoood UST |) Nobgeeuhwrs [Subamyos Oye SAS ates Soceasescadcdocun 931
Veracruzensis (Margaron) Lea....--..--- BO) |) Waheswls Seaooral SoG sogacsaccscccuoasoe 506, 515, 851
Wieracruzensis)(Unio)! Wea. .5.-----.---- 670 | Viridana (Anodonta) Clessin.......-..-.- 922
Veree-pacis (Unio) Tristram ........:..... (oon ewaridans| (Marg arom)) Meas ee see esees er ee 726
Verbecki (Nodularia) Bottger ........... Gu) || Wibatolean) (0fanio))) Weths Soacosauocooosoosacce 726
Verbecki (Unio) Béttger..............- 5 819 | Viridicatus (Margaron) Lea......:......- 717
iWerecundusi(Unio)) Gouldee se sess ese e Say || \/uaiebicengbiss ((\Upoblo)) IU EES oa cigedocassenseoce 717
\Wereegivb-al (Wim) Ieee Walhess Sccoccaassubacs 825 | Viridiflavus (Unio) Kuster.........-.+.-. 683
Verreauxianus (Margaron) Lea.....-.... 825 | Viridiradiatus (Margaron) Lea........... 726
Verreauxianus (Unio) Lea........-..-... 825) |) Viridiradiatus) (Unio) Leas. 2252-242. 22-- 726
Verrucifer (Unio) von Martens .......... 862 | Viridis (Alasmodon) Rafinesque .....-.-. 673
Verrucosa (Mya) Haton..............-.:. 795 | Viridis (Anodonta) H. and A. Adams.... 649
Verrucosa (Obliquaria) Rafinesque -...-. 608 | Viridis (Mycetopus) Heude .-....-.....-. 656
Verrucosa (Quadrula) Baker...........-. 795 | Viridis (Symphynota) Conrad.......--.-- 663
1044
Wairidis(Umio) | Comradess. sae see seee
Viridisi(Umio) Herussaci sete - 4. --e.sn- =:
Viridis (Unio) Rafinesque.......-.-------
Viridulus (Margaron) Lea.......--..--.--
Viridulus (Unio) Lea..........-.- Seas
Visseri (Mutela) Bourguignat....-.......
Visseri (Unio) Bourguignat..........----
Vittatis (Bariosta) Rafinesque.-....-..-..--
Vittatus (Diplodon) Lea.............-----
Nittatuselarcarom)meeeeseseeeeeee seein
Wattatusi(Umio) eas ss eeeeecne ee see a=
Von buschea (Unio) Sowerby.....------- :
Vondembuschiana (Margaritana) Lea...
Vondembusechiana (Monocondylea) H.
andvAtsA dam ses sass sao saeesicee sees eee
Vondembuschianus (Pseudodon) Lea....
Vondembuschii (Unio) Sowerby....--..-
Vuleana (Parreysia) Hanley..........-.-
Viulcanus) (Unio) Hanley mse ss eeee. «2 ce
Vynckii (Cameronia) Bourguignat....-..
Vysseri (Mutela) Bourguignat..........--
Waccamawensis (Margaron) Lea...------
Waccamawensis (Unio) Lea...-....-.----
Wagneri (Unio) Kobelt---.222-2..25.-----
Wagnerianum (Diplodon) Simpson...--.
Wahlametensis (Anodonta) Lea.......-.-
Wahlametensis (Margarita) Lea....-..-...
Wahlametensis (Margaron) Lea......----.
Wahlbergi bourguignati (Spatha) Bour-
PROVIENMN A -oookboDo se nooobosedocucossoaq00e
Wabhlbergi (Iridina) Krauss.............-
Wahlbergi (Mutela) Smith...............
Wahlbergi (Platiris) Lea ..............---
Wahlbergi (Spatha) Krauss.............-
Wahlbergi spathuliformis (Spatha) von
Marten sia saeicietsetseiciise meta temialeine
Waikarensis (Diplodon) Colenso.......--
Waikarensis (Unio) Colenso ............-
Walkeri (Medionidus) B. H. Wright..-...-
Wallisi (Anodonta) Mousson....-...------
Walpolei (Monocondylea) Hanley....---
Waltoni (Unio) B.H. Wright.............
Wardiana (Anodonta) Lea......-..-.....
Wardiana (Margarita) Lea...........-.-.
Wardiana (Margaron) Lea..-.--....-.-.-
Wardiil- (Margaron)) bea ...222222225.5222-
NVardile@Uimio) | MiCarsasasy yee eee encer
Watereensis (Margarita) Lea........-....
Watereensis (Margaron) Lea......-.-----
Watereensis (Unio) H.and A. Adams ....
Websteri (Unio) B.H. Wright .....-..2...
Weddellii (Anodonta) Hupé ---..--------
Weddellii (Glabaris) Hupé.-.-..-.----.-.-. ‘
Weddellii (Margaron) Lea ........--.....
Weddellii (Mycetopus) Hupé ......---..-
Weldonensis (Margaron) Lea .......--.--
Weldonensis (Unio) Leay..-....-.. 2.22...
Welwitschii (Iridina) Morelet .....---...
Wheatleyanus (Diplodon) Lea.....-...-.
Wheatleyanus (Margaron) Lea ..........
Wheatleyanus (Unio) Lea..-.....-...--.-.
Wheatleyi (Anodonta) Lea...............
Wheatleyi (Glabaris)....-..-2-.+-----2---
Wheatleyi (Leguminaia) Lea -...........
Wheatleyi (Margaron) Lea..-..-...%...-
INDEX.
Page.
663 | Wheavleyi (Microcondylea) Clessin......
529 | Wheatleyi (Monocondylea) Lea.........
744 | Wheatleyi (Pseudodon) Conrad.......-..
(BS || \iloceinleyal (Wid) ILA. oeeoscosesconsceses
73), | Whiteianus (Margaron) Lea.:.....-..-.-.
904) | Whiteianus) (Unio) Mea eeeesse--eeeeaeee
862 | Williamsii (Anodonta) Lea -.......-..---
744 | Williamsii (Margaron) Lea ............--
890 | Wilsonii (Diplodon) Lea .....--..---.---.
890 | Wilsonii (Margaron) Lea........----..---
S908 Wilsons (Umi o) eae seen eeeeeeeeeeeeee
836 | Wissmani (Spatha) von Martens ......-.-
836 | Wolwichii (Unio) Morelet......-.-.-...--
Woodiana (Anodonta) Kobelt -........--
836 | Woodiana (Anodonta) Lea.-.............
836 |.Woodiana (Margarita) Lea......-..-.-.--
835 | Woodiana (Margaron) Lea ......--.---...
844 | Woodiana (Symphynota) Lea............
844 | Woodwardianus (Margaron) Lea.........
910 | Woodwardianus (Unio) Lea......-.--.---
904 | Woodwardius (Unio) Lea ......-.-....--.
711 | Wrightii (Margaron) Lea-.....-...----.---
Taal |) \iapkaonal (AOiwO)) IEMs cossosdsusoccocosc0s
693 | Wymanii (Anodonta) Lea..........--..--
877 | Wymanii (Diplodon) Lea ...--...---....-
629 | Wymanii (Glabaris) Lea ..........-.--.--
629 | Wymanii (Margaron) Lea.............--.
629)5 Wayanad emmial (Ua ©) Ibe a ase se ee eee
Wynegungaensis (Parreysia) Lea ........
898 | Wynegungaensis (Unio) Hanley and
898 Theobaldi.co eee eee eee eee
898 | Wynegungaensis (Unio) Lea....--.......
898 | Yadkinensis (Unio) Lea.-..-.-....--.-.---
898 | Yokohamensis (Unio) von Ihering..-...--
Youconensis (Anodonta) Lea........-.-.
898 | Youkanensis (Anodonta) Lea...--.--.---
890 | Youkanensis (Margaron) Lea.........---
890 | Yubaensis (Alasmodon) Trask ...........
590,591 | Yyzabalensis (Nephronaias) Crosse and
933 Mischer.\\. ssoccceie seac cece ee eee
840 | Yzabalensis (Unio) Crosse and Fischer ..
736 | Zabulonicus (Unio) Kobelt ....-..-...---
617 | Zabulonicus (Unio) Locard .-...-...---.-
Gls ZairarRochebrun else seer eee eee eee
617 | Zealandicus (Unio) Peetel.....-.....-..-.
774 | Zeiglerianus (Unio) Lea....--...--------.
774 | Zelebori (Diplodon) Dunker .....-.--.---
722 | Zelebori (Margaron) Dunker....--..--.--
722 | Zelebori (Unio) Dumker= 22222-2222 ssseee
722 | Zellensis (Anodonta) Waardenberg ......
711 | Zellensis (Mytilus) Gmelin....-.........-.
928 | Zeyheri (Unio) Menke ............-......
928 | Zieglerianus (Margaron) Lea ..---..-.---
928 | Zieglerianus (Margarita) Lea ..-.......-.
934 | Zigzag (Margarita) Lea ..--.-....--2.2--.
723 | Zigzag (Margaron) Lea-...---.-.-2-------
123) \\ “Ligzas. (Unio) bedssse see e eee eee eee eee
906 | Zollingeri (Alasmodonta) Mousson ..-.-..-
875 | Zollingeri (Anodonta) -....2..-.- 2 222---=
875 | Zollingeri (Margaritana) Kuster........-
875 | Zollingeri (Monocondylea) Petel.....-.-
928 | Zollingeri (Pseudodon) Mousson....-..-.
932 | Zonata (Quadrula) Heude........-.---...
652 | Zonata (Unio) Rafinesque........--.-..-- :
652,928 | Zonatus (Unio) Heude.................-.
874
RENO REE
roy
JLINWID) 1 >
Page. Page.
Abbott, Dr. W. L., birds collected in Ageniaspis fuscicollis --....------------- 395
WoenbraleAsiay year -s ease eee es soe 205 Mepticulleoyeehs aa vee oes 395
ANGFMUTLNG) IbOCWE SS asso eso se Sano o Ses oenee 57,94 TeStACCI DOS seat eee eee eee eee 395
PNCAMPN OPUS scees aes sos oso een ces aoe 28a Aly ptushsssesc a sas eee cce eee 353
Acanthothelphusa brazze ------ ---- ---- 285 lima Ghurs ee Sa ea ee re 354
Camp eee ee 2805 er Nor p lil aes seer ena seen oe eee meee ee 489
Wecilelas soe Se 285 | Agromyza eneiventris.--...--.--.------ 267
Wecentonaltaicusicsesssesees] esas eee 221 Giminiwitare esses sees ee eee 268
hin all anya Seen eee 221 JUCUNGARS- oe eee ee re 268
ANiecentonideekaaecseck= see ceo ssen ne eeee 2 lateralis~ oes a ees 268
Accipiter atricapillus striatatus -----.- 55, 90 Mep tise ase ee ee estas 267
OTS Repeater rar ern eae 213 SObOSaTeste-eik ate aec eee eees 268
ANN C EST a teens oes ar Sones 239 )o a Ator ONMYiZ CES tee cela eee yee ore 267
madagascariensis__-.--__----- PB) jh /NeaROV GUI NRC Soaace ceed Seco ce She SoseSe 489
TNS SS Heese eee Miers (an PAC OrT OS aU OS eee see er ee 367
WiC LOMAS soe et eee te AOD N89) HAN a: a aay aioaa- cee se a eos eee are 46, 86
PAGCTO DMRS te Ss See See oe cess Loe eee See AD Ta pAkA dO prOCGtUS sono oes ae ee eee ee 41
COCCOISa sae ia er eee 407 | Akpatok Island, geology of -.-...------- 148
PATCH EE OMLEMUY See ae ee ese e 3 PAM eeAM ar Cal ev EVO 11S 1S ee epee eee 219
eckananitesse a= seass=ae 23 intermedia ------ .----- 220
NCiuTapnSeGbaeesse nee toe ae era 258 leig puss sss ese eee 219, 220
ING OO ae so Se Sar SRE a ee 486 SuUbtata esses Se eee eee 220
LN GIEEEE eo eas Ee ae ey ee na oS 286 HELO US yea eee era ee eee ee eee 219; 220
AM COLON S1S Sas ae ee a ee 288) le -Al ald ee sae ese eee eens aes See sae 219, 242
TNH H SAVING), coo seco meee cesses 286ml Alibunea sssse se accryaa a aee ona Seen eee 301
Actinoceras crebriseptum.----.----.--- 147 GOrSipes asst ee see ee 301
INGiUNHIES, ANADONSOICRY, Sansas 6 eaSsesacdccee =) IM Zahy SCADA fae eka eee eee tees 301
MYMOLEUCOS hse hss as yaw ese ae 11,285 SVMS bays sey ee eee eee 301
HMAC UM chelate ee see eee HAAG S ie eAl Canton awe cewe ce cen eee ee ees 52,
PNG Sits peer tere ts he ee OSS RPA Ced:imid coyessee sa = see are ene 12, 218, 242
Adeleneyrtus chionaspidis .--.-----.--- AeA cedobensallensis jase ose oeenmee ys 218
TEN? RSMAS) Oe SS eo eeo sone 341, 401 enistatansee ieee aoe eee Saees 242
folanchonice essa 402 | ASpoi ae ee ee ee eee 218
Solitons Cae see 402 | SPM ONGT, one A 12
Adenostoma fasciculatum -_-_..--------. 385 | senegalensispacssse ee ea ee 12
4®chmophorus occidentalis. .----------- (BIO) || AM Ken OER. Seino sn coodecacoedead=see sass 153
ie -odallibisepaminensisuss.0 2.2. .en seen OG 207 eA erys OG CS ieee eee ates Meu nrene nee cree 411, 412
Seml=palmaa res a= eee Ai t3, |) -INiOyAroGliGks) —-s55 5 cde estes SebsoeeeesoS 323
VOCLECK Ane ats seme eee ee eee DOU SS me AtL oven Ca Beenaans ached Sle enous hate en ea 52, 81
Afgithaliscus niveogularis-__.-------.__- 228m eeAd! Gtisrallll Cieeeer sea aes Ss epee ees 52
ABDASOG aiheen S Sasa eee SBIR SU SHONSYeS ||, JNKerelegrnn) chee cee eee eae eae 77
chapadee, new species--------- 3871 | Allotrichoma abdominalis -----.--.------ 260
hyettusiees ss sasscsesc ace eee 370 | Alopecurus stejnegeri ------------------ 125
4athopyga anomala, new species ---_--- SOM AA OS aie seta ae eee rs see ee ee 2
Sabunataeascs2 sss se sesso SOM SAD held ysis see ce eee eee ee ee eee 274, 312
ihemamalin @ksiieeee ase a SUM Ape US eee ee ea oe ie eee 312
Noelaius phen Ge usp ase= ese a 50, 57, 94 [SXONUI TAME Seah ee I ei oe eee 312
Ph CeniCuUnUS eee eee 57 GAT AN OLO Si saat ele web Eee eee 311
PAS CTIAS DIS s= e ae see se nee 325, 338, 339, 345, 346, 394 @Gliweslol --eseseccsckScacthoscs 312
GET COM See eee 394, 395 TTMNGIENISC CUS epee es 312, 313
IbuCcewlatricisme==ssee=n eae. 395 MINEKETROO MMOS pesasecess asoacase 312
1As an index to Mr. Charles T. Simpson’s paper, Synopsis of the Naiades, or Pearly Fresh-
water Mussels (this volume, pp. 501-1044), was speciaily prepared by its author, the titles in that
paper are omitted in this index.
1045
1046 INDEX.
Page. Page.
Alpheus megacheles -.-..-..------------ 312 | Anthomyza nigrimana, new species ---- 264
PaAracrinivUs sssss—=es== eee 312,313 | Anthophyllum lineatum-----..----- 187, 188, 196
pontederiz Se-2-s\2525- = --- === 312 | Anthothreptes rectirostris -......------ 32
TT DYSNAOWULOSNISs 5 ose cobesc odo sas CUZ) |) Amid n@yOR 5.5 aso ssccorenaseaseeecocuesHn 184
Amauresthes fringilloides.-_..----.----- Gis) || ANTaM obese PROTEKOIN oo esoe ceo teeeees 251
INA DCEO Sas sons ose cose seseeeesd eoessS 41,69 | Anthreptes collaris collaris_-__---------- 33
Amblycerus holosericeus -.--.--------- 57, 74, 94 hypodilus -_-------- 33
Nash ohebls) wane sobecucascos osenesaoseeBCeeT 2 zambesianus- ------ 3
Ammodramus sandvicensis -__---------- 51 PASE IM Se: ease eee ee ae 16, 33
sandwichensis- ---------- 95 Tdi s gee NNN eee ee ees 34
Amnicola cincinnatiensis -_..--..------- 137 new species. ____------ 33
Ampelis carolinensis -------------------- 58 GECtEOStrIS ess ese eee 32
COCTORUING sass eee nee Ge ate On || ANrahM NNN eo moog e eke ob Seco ase eae 492
SHNPPUUIS) gobo gsnokeekacss 66 cnet 51,58, 97 Canalis=2 4 ecole eee 492
Amphispiza belli --._.--:---:2:--------- 51,.58,95 fasciatase enon eee 414, 493
Amphitrite ineequalis -....---.-------- 290 new species -_-.-- 494
IANA GY TUS eeces see seee eee ne ee 329, 331, 354 Subba eee ee 492
SROCI I sees sh sen N eecee 3a4 TWIED SEGUE) = seecos sce sueSsses 492
pallidipes, new species --.---- 354 TON OT Abc 414, 493
DUlehe ras sees eens 304 new species___.. 493,494
DulChricornisyess eee ane OOD). WAC tila Se aes eo See eee 186
WENESOEERHOIS coe coe bac oooonenee 355 bil@ oars 2a Ue ean es eee 186, 196 -
ANG OERTIRWIS) Si deaccue coaobecs Sass Secoses 302, 307 bilobata: {e227 eee es 186, 196
Curvadactylusiee==ssassees 307 suesdesii 22)... s eae 186, 197,198
Ananrsialines tellasssss =a = epee 366 SUCS ESI See ee eae 186, 196
UNTER inee nee seen re oe Cate ano G2 i (Ss eA Siaeeeeeee see Sc el bien nana 329, 331, 355
Fillo AGIs) S45 a sekSeoaclos saohos bSeS 45 auUStRIaca =a see 3855
PRON IOKOR NEY ao ase asasen seesacosess 70,85 EuliveSCenshee tes eae eee 355
OSCAS IAC ees ae ae ee ewe en we 45,7 heydenit== 2s eee 355
DOS CHAS = Hts e Uwe was es 61, 62, 70, 85 MasiGOnniS = ees= ee ee 355
CATOMMENSTS ieee ene ee see 45, 70, 85 neomexicana, new species------ 355
casarcay els: ABs Riemer at 209) Any,tuslatristrigcabussse=="555s5—a=eseeee 414
hyip ea ta ene eae wean e ten emits ast 45,71 new species------ 460
CRECCAsE Ee ee Seen Sasa ee erie eae 45) Apaloderma narina) s2s-2.-2se-ses es eneee 14
CISCORSReteeee tea tn ss See awe ee eam 85°) “Aphelinustssece = s2se = eee ae ee eee 400, 408
RUDENESS oeseceo acess sean Soased seca 45 | Aphelocoma californica_-....---------- 51, 77,93
BUS Cae enya ae 45 iN Sall asl See ee 230
CARGIONNIS 2 cotoss Sac SeeS secs osedsSes 45 | Aphidencyrtus aphidiphagus---.---..-- 399
TOWUDKCMN ot odlsodede Seas Bos Bb aocS 236 laches hehe eee 399
Guerquedullajesessseeneeeeseeces 209 ME SOUTES sees a es 399
THOMA ao SseceesceasaNElaSeEeosors 45 new Genus =e ses-ee 340, 347, 398
stelleris twee Ne oe ces se eres 45 TOSS Le eee eee 399
INMIEY WOH os oocas olesesos oSeede sos cons 382 schizoneuree _---------- 399
ANSIEKGIOES) Sooo cncn ysed Seoseaeaee Heceeo ste] UD a0 siphonophoree- -.------- 399
INGANNTNS oo asces 6 odascte seed sect cose 481 SWC) S Cire ae ee 400
digitalis ees eee 48il))|) JAtp nid dee 22-2 Sass ee eee 323, 398
IAT CISERON Ae ee eso oe eee ee enn eee 42) 7()ea | eAphisibRAaSSicee ee sass eens 399
PIS AS en eo Ey Che een Tletss). | JON ROU 2B osaseseeboséoscecs 339, 345, 370, 383, 394
JNA CHEK joRWOMU AS ou Sooke Son see ee eeoeS 351 albertins Scene aes 384
JG hoon IGlWlS — 3 oeSooasascokoeoe Soeen Sdoosn 15, 30 AMOCNUS) eee eee 384
erythropterus: 5-----22--2- bl angelicus: | 22 y2 si ereeceea 384
SraciirOsuricmey sees 30 anniulipes ses eee eee ee 384
liberiensis -- 31 apicalisi.. 2522222. es eee 384
PARKOHbIS) Soo5conoeseh seep oKKs 30 australiensisess= 42s ee sees 384
IN POnCUMUS eases eae 15 brunneus! 223. eee 385
latiTostriS pases 15 Galifornicus== ees -=- ee eee 385
MIR OTS ees Sal en peer 11, 15,31 ceroplastisas sss eee eee eree 385
Anepischetos bipartita_-..-_-.-.-----.-- 414 Chry.Sop eee ae eee 378
new species- -- 482 cockerellisc3s25 ee see 385
MewaSCNUSsaeeessaasa eens 482 coquilletti-] saan 385
Anhineamritass asap =e serene ee era 238 dactylopiiass{e eee arene 885
UNM AUP OEM kEs)5 ycede Conseco enobea So OsacKSSsece 238 Cruptoric sche ose eee 385
SAMI GO EUS Ose seed eee oe ar One ree eee 341, 405 flavicepss 2. s 2525s eee eee 386
ceylonensisseresseceee seen 405, 406 flavus.2o5 ee eee 356
JAn oma acai assim eee am ae ete eee es 273, 300 fuscipennis = 2-22 =-ee eee 386
Anserallibironsee ste. ss eeee eee eee 45,71, 86 hederaceusse. 2 eee eee 386
gamibeli i. a2 ee soeon= 62 immacuilatus=ee eee ee eee 386
INDEX, 1047
Page. Page.
oliycush) OhNsoniteee. eo een eae BBG AASili dea Saas nee sere eu ieee penne 251
SCAT Re ee ees een a Ane te S SSGm AST Onwal SOnibanis sees eee ee eee eee eae ONO)
IK NWOMGIED cos osseas cosas Sacacs Bole MAS DICIO UU Sharam tille=e see 386
IO WRAST MA Seca Secu 387 var. citrinus. __/_.. 411
TMEVOWINN NS satcosesestacesooCenSs 387 Cithi Cola ee ee eee eee eee 411
TACDICENNOIS Gos Goodes saceeeussas 387 Coxnticalis asses 383
SIV SXCND as Se eS cin SEE SERRS 304 Gy Oni aoe. see sae Se hoe aes 411
MSPS eae eye eee eye 387 A OMEN iN ese eet eee eer ee 409, 411, 412
OMRACHE na- see ceases cesses 387 DELI CIOSUSHeEe tess eeeee eae 408
OREAONENSIS eee eee 387 SOCEO LUSH sess eae ase 404
POUL ch ell seen ey eee eee 388 Giliicey Sec Se Slee cee os 404
OWUN AINA Hos sae Sese sees 388 | Aspidograpsus typicus---..--.----- .----- 279
DUNC BIDES --2= ons Ssh besoscas Seoul ASIC OpMOROld eS reper eee eee ae ae 113
HERIOUIS See eds Groene neec aaa 388m eASpidoptenabusckaies assesses ane 270
EOWA SINGH Sees See eens BOB MEAS GavCl Cl see eee aya nee eae 12],
UNINCOUOT ea ere eee te Se see ee 376 | Asterodiaspis quercicola....------------ 404
PATIO PON ere eet anions nn eee eee e AAS Gero pesuSie eee eee eee ene eee 4 er de
TNEVORIEYNUS eons Se eeee Gans Babee lit PEIN Sse ot seh a ee tees 405
ENGI ame eee ie oa Senate salam DDI eAStreanbe lapse ere emcee eee ey eee 189
culo T Cull eee een ee eee ene (eo) ANchaneee), lolly oo so6. ebb soos eedass cone. lis, IG ey
TOUPAROIERIE) cco Sack Ros bbe bes oa CARAS) hintolamelllataresssmae es ceees 190, 197
@lntyj Scab OS eee eee 116411390 TMeLTaygl ania Cll Cae ee ee ae 190, 196, 197
ChiyiSAGbOSwes eas eee enon = DUO SAS bReS 1 Cl cepts aes ears ae Nay ec be Seo 186
HHT eG ee es Sp Se a ae RE PAE ONS mene S ee Bese a on ecesoeSrose 187, 188, 189
MTP ETIAliS ease ee St eee 47,90 astreeiformis -__------ 188, 189, 190, 197
NeWeoryj plas ee es ee ee all oye Ne Hotes ae at aies ek eee oS 189, 194, 197
NNO alla kee eee eee ae eee 213 Gbehavrs eye seen ee Ae es 189, 190
INTO) Gea Ee eee ee eee 73 linteatarese a= 187,188, 189, 191, 196, 197
_ANTPRRRO BS occ n ns bod Bees coos eoeses=ceese CBee! SHENG) manylandicaps= == === see aaa 190, 197
SC ube ais eee SISTING DLO yaa ee ee eee eee cee emer 194, 196, 197
ANTON NOOR ec ee aes Sane eno ae Sse DE wAStrhelianoad lam ataae=e sees ee eee 185, 186, 197
lagopus sancti-johannis 47,55,73,90 | Astrohelia ---..-.------------------------ 185
AT Chin Spee eae seat eee aaa oe 335, 342, 368 TOPHUTNAYID, 52 Sonne Sa Sose 185, 186, 197, 198
OCOMPAHUIB scat dscecaes teencnee Gils) |] JASONS). oso o oosoce cose Se et 190
JN@OCE AIS WIS. = sso sedosn pee coe cone esse 2 rTM edits yal tia GL Ce ene ee err 190, 198
Worchytasmpasit wlvacs-s22- eee ae 549-2 253 | Sexnadiatansst eles ss neeelOL OT
Arctic Trenton, extent of the _._------ 1) |) NSiebbe joenib wan op WONG: 35 obo oS oes coca eSae 73
Arctostayhylos pungens...------------- 386 | Sspectaloilige is sco kee soe here 26
Arctus arctus var. parauoxus ____----.- 309)9)) “Atstymmachus\): = 222.522 - eae ee = 2 8d9) 340009
Nreleayabhl Ca pillareee sean anaes 238 | OIG CUS pee see eee eee 389
SRT Cli been ee ee ie, SO. Atari bal pleuralige se aes ee eee 250
Stellariss-saise ware e oes anes (| J Niwetleren Olli) os 2 ane ea acne o saco see 292
NWAUTOS COTS Bae ees einae eee Seminar ene 86 | LOLMN Gab Sse eens 292
XSELTUD IN O TOO Cl dyaese teers ee ZBigli MACCLOLMISICROSS| Gyalqee ee ae renee 241
BOCIG eee eee RSS 237 Ditboides essa! Mees l ewes 241
Arr elitaspOGIGeDSe = sees as eae ea BY (elivad Galaverp ban lots 2) eee emer eee ale eee 1
eAT Cola pOdiCepSee ss = ease enna 237 GiaenOsis\o here aneeen= see 2
LUG bey ESE ol ON marge ene Beara 237 | Antherinoidea, diagnosis of ------------ 2
Kah OP OC ae ase ae ere ee 235,287 | Atherinopsis californiensis ------------- 1,10
Mrremonopsistrabiceps= 55:59) assesseeee 74, 97 osteology of 3
ING AS IAVOV OV alee ON oe Ses Be eeu Aes 32,04", 408 | Athy roglossa nitida 2222-22252 552-----=- 260
INIPETSN SAO) NMS sete OS soe eases BAe sy Alle {lo SN ROV OF HIS 44 Se sae eee SEE ee sere oooceS 341, 404
chionaspidis. -.--. ..-- 408,409 COUNT eae ee a aad () AeA
Aasilonehecolorada—. 25-222 — 825 se AS We AtGTay pA CRE WCSCENS pesca asm ee sae en=aa= 159
new species. .-.-:- 414. SUllourel Oral Sue mes eee eto ee 159
AVS SAR RCH ee ieee SaaS BORse AN Oe eACt FCOnannl GETS se eee ee 17
PAG ACO MOU GUISULIS Ame ea eee SOIT etal apAtt sy, canna Pegs dae re eh eee nearer eee ea) ENS = oe 313
PAC DOIN SI ae wenen erat ae ye eee ee 387 PAD OMETISIS yee ee eee ee esa 313
JNTPUMRO) NOC Boe Smee Sacess Sener osscne 173 margaritacea var. claviger -_------ 313
PAriomiydas ull Sim OS aie ssa oe eee 16 SCA rae peer e eee eee Rete oe 313
USsh’e rks sae ees eae eee GP MONA Se oa aeerse eae omar a ae aetbee Haee seme 274, 315
SING fay Of ON DIS) Aste s eae tes era Aare aes aye 50 Atti Sus Calloei ses = same ae ne sae erates 313
INSCIR Wa, season eee Se AN cee te he er ST Om ANT UShote se se ers eee eae ees eae 108
Cauda tare see ee ees 379 TOSULALUS Hees ee ee eee eee ener 110
Ashmead, William H., on the genera AMT pArUshh ayy CCD Ses eaten ee asetasa eee 98
of the chalcid flies belonging to the ASndanyeyeninhans 22-2. o5caecossoscéabonDases 45,85
Suibtamily HnGyarbin essen eee eee 323 GaUVeCRNNe) ESA occas coscadesencese CHa h)
1048 — INDEX.
Page. ‘ Page. |
Aythya marila nearctica.-----.-------- CE (Op) |) JRO WARNS seeeesenes sSeccaceamoccenscansan Ge |
Biicchare tise. cesses ee seee eee ee 252 lentiginosusmee es sse- === aan GenSO!
Claw tats ere ee ee Zoce both ometop US a= esa 42
Bxeocharisuecn sens ee eer enema 329, 331,356 | Bothriothoracini __..._.---......._....-. 333
mar lattitess yas Sie Rete eee 306 | Bothriothorax-.-_-..--.--.--- 325,333,336, 348, 871
PASCUOTUM assess eee eens 356 Californicuses-seeese-e-8— 371
Baffin Land, Lower Silurian (Trenton) LST ar Seas eee Eyal
farnay ota waet sees eens 143 macroglenes.-.-.._---.-- 3t2
paleontology of--.-------- 149 WEA MINES ne =5 5 Sac) een < 372
Bailey, Vernon, list of shells collected noveboracensis- .-------- 372
in Heron and Eagle lakes, Minnesota, OC kena rials ee ee 361
ALY ieee sea a oe oe eoe ares alae Ra NS 136 Peculiariss= =e 8372
Banbatularduchailiaimesssessso ees satars 29 PlaMTEr ONS 372
Bartramia longicauda-.--...------------ 47, 62,88 TLOLUNdiformiss==s== sees 372
IBASIIOSA US Ha sue soe em ene ape ee 21 Val Sani eNS1S as ee 312
Bellerophon similis---------- uate er SG 5 i |B ra Chi1O OC aise see ee 156
Bellerophontiidee ._-.-____.-- ee a a l6aaieBrachyotusiotusr=-s== =e aaa 44
Belvosia luteola, new species ------ ----- PDO) || PEST ELC IVa] © Gil Clee payee 14
I BXSRAEKGR AMM Gear a ene ee ty ier, eas 335,365 | Brachypodius -__-_- Pe Ulepaaauvna es 14
atlce rally er siete nets aaa 365 | Brachypteracias leptosomus _-..-...--- 242
floridanus, new species---- 865 DittoldesHas= =e 241
Berenicornis leucolophus .-------------- 28 | Brachyramphus marmoratus -_____._-- 43, 81
Bermiclastvonquabasean sae eens se eee 454 BTA CH yaa rae see ess Seale ee ee 272, 274
Bernieria madagascariensis .--... .--.-- GES) || lee yauey CENOEKOIGINSNS 5 os Sooo oe Gocos bocuee 65, 86
Beyrichia symmetricus.-_.---.--------.- 150 TUfin ees 7 eae een mall
IBA OMe} oLKo ls Nea ae Ree ee ae nme See ee ras \O rien ey Aor ap alte wi og © pupae meres se Rar ep 183
d EV OUI eee eat Sty een enie era eee oe SaaS As | exe (0) Oat ey oes Seree deseo acssss nse saccse 416
Bird of Paradise, a new, by Rolla P. Bry.OZ0ad e223 see S555 bias Se eee 156
CUPTIe ses SE ON ay iene 497 | Bubo bubo turcomanus -----.----------- 218
Birds collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott in SVs Oda TANT Sa ee 48,74, 91
Central Asia --.--- 205%; |“Bubonideass (ete a 218, 289
R. P. Currie in Li- | Bucaniides ass sees ase eee 164
beriae sae ns 2)y)) BUCCO Cal yl Sie oe ee eee 13
PROMO WISTS] abies arte ee 319 | Buceulatrix pomifoliella_..........-..-- 395
Madagascareese sso ss eae 235 tauiel lays See See eee 359
Santa Barbara Islands, Cali- BucerostatrabuU sess eae 12
POTN AER ele eee as esas 229 | fasciatus: s2ces ose 2s See eee 12
the Cameroons District, | Semifasciatus sees see -eee eee 28
WieSty Attra) acne eeees HLS SS COT Obi Cleo eee eee eS 12) 28
IBithynisye ss ee Ee ee eee 3145315); SButeo: sos. 25ee fe eee eee ee 5d
acan thurs esate ae 315 iborealisicalurus3e— 2-2 =e 55, 90
jamaicensis vollenhovenii -___- 315 lucusanuS = 22 90
OlPST SUT ee ae aaa epee gs 315,316 | jorachypteruss==s—=-e es == eee 239
PAUCIGeENSE sss eee eee 315 desertorwm sss = sees eee 217
IBlaSbo tliat eee pee ee eran 339, 846, 389, 394 POT OR se aaa ee 213
ENG honinor hiss fee 389 | Nineatust se ee eel a eee 47, 90, 92
IN COM ba eee aN Tee Rae 389 SiWalln S Oncaea eee eee 47, 55, 90, 217
TNS OL Gass se eee eee ae en le 389 AAU NEIS: Seeeoeeesoeetossocuss CX) OM) Jat, 00
HON Supe NMS eee ae renee 390%) Buthotrephisisracilists. "oe eeeess- eee 149
THOS EO vee eee NS CI NER IC 399) Butorides\atricapillas.ss2 25sec eee 238
SOMICOa, avi ee ewe ee ONS e 389 | abtricapillusis==:93s-4. asses 238
SOLICO US yaya ee Oren sen 390 | VIEESCENS 222s ee ee ee 74
LVUCCaS) Aa Been a ibe read 390) |) By. thinellavobtusaice se ssses= eee eee 137
BLS Glee ks eee eee aot uae ee a era 15) |) Bythocyprisicrantuies=ssseesas= sss eee 151, 173
FL @ GOL easy pees fa ee aaa ap oe 14515.) Calandrellajacutirostris 22 sss s2 a eaee 219
Syndactylayssseee es eee eS eta 15,31 brachydactylajaaesseeeseee 219
Ble pyar See 2 he eee nee aera 336, 343, 373 duikhunensisi 43525 219
manrsdeniisss ssa sees see sees 373 | tbibetana esses = see eee 219
TINE Kel GATS epee eee ee en 373 | Calapoecia canadensis. .--..--------- 150, 151, 154
CORAINUSi2 aes See heer ME oto Calappas:= 2322 ase oS os ee eee eee 296
Bom byliidees sese ea seas See ee RT 251 | aneustatacs os eos See eee 297
Bomolochaavietatasaeseees saaese eee 414 | DOCAR Ee sae eee eee 297
new species.._.....-.-- 494 | Palloidesse ase ae eee 297
A BYOYay oNiz ramen eG Tse we sf a 42 ferro HN bey eran ete a NN ee aba 296, 297
Borboridee sia eee eee 269 ; Sranullataseeee = ee ee eae 296, 297
Borboriwds 5 ese eee 269 eran atuseesee= eee 297
TOES See Sep aaa cae ea 269 pelit ose eee eee 296, 279
INDEX. 1949
Page. | Page
Calappa rubroguttata_......_..--------- 296829 7alla@arcerse alll spe ce ean oeareee eet 207
Calappid eae sas eee ono ee eecincee enc 273, 296 sranulatustesssseee re ree eae 297
Calearinus lapponicus -------.-.-------- 95 SVADSUS2 senese ass eee Sees 78
Calcariuslapponicuss----4. 2-4 -sse-> 50 has tatusiee ee eee een 290
Calicalicus madagascariensis --_.------- 247 | mMacELochelOsps==s-—ees eee ees 295
Galignristane natn aeree een ee eee 46, 54, 73, 87 MAS CATON Case eee eee 299
California, new fossil species of Cary- (MESS OM ola Was Caos nee se ogee 278
ophyllia from ---..- serge ee 199 IMM US eee ees Beene 279
new variety of MHaliotis OLN ayenibiaN Ss Wen 293
THRO) OT easy SA ere rae 139 OANA IbANNS oo - ob esses escn one 281
CaITORMICNSISH= eae en essen Se 141 PLIN CCDS eae ae a ae a ee 297
Callacanthisvourtonie==-2--5- 224-8. ee 226 TANT Seed eae eS i 299
(GaillipMassaeseeae see es eee ea aS 308 TivalOs Sree soe eee eee oe 286
Giadematass= == seas se ses oe 308, 3809 LOSEN ATS Ree ee ees ee 298
PUN TAN apnea een 308 TROPUNAGENHOIS oc cagesoeeeonsoaeeees 292
(Ciiliine nna sisi les) Sas = oa ee ee 274,308 Sagittarius sees saan eee 298
@alhinectese 2 lases oe a cesses sate eases e289. 290 {CI OMC RUN FDIS Stas Sosa bbobde sone 288
DOCOUT, bp seers ean ee 290R29 hel Cancridcopieca saan s ye couse eee 272, 292
Giaicanit huis weee sess seein 290 | Cape Stevens, geology of _.-.-...___.._- 144
SACI ALOE ee een 290829 eal © ALLO nl Geeks aes re ieee 13,29
eyeing RAS) sok 5 asst noresos POU, aL: || CeyommbonwtlesiGlesy oo ooo cco tas ooSose sonsee= 241
rene NAMM OS a= oes Se eee oe 2905 291a Caprimuleustenarrabuse= sass see 241
tumidus var. gladiator .--..- 2910)" Caradrina lewucorenal 23925 2252s ee ee 414
@allligpteromare meee eee tees ete oa. 402 | new species. _____- ATY
Sze Ucbataee sae weal ACN OC hey abet ep ar hee cans ee ae LSORAS Re pera 2
Sex cuibtatarse ene one ANAM Carcainalisicar can alls see mess ieee sania 51,96
LEStaceayes sesame a deze 403 | igneus_-_-.-. the Sas 51,96
Callipepla californica __..._...._...- AD) OBL G1). 63): \) (CEWRGHISONIOE) noes Soca boo aces cocoa ooLeoae 276, 277
sO rllanwhvoriG aoe oe sere oe NE ee ee 255 arm atimiee ses geen oe Seen 207
Callliiptenomaw eas en ose eens 325, 341, 402 PRUE MA bya. 2646 sondabe SacSods 277
Doub babe pers seen ee ee ele 402 a Carduelistbuntonimeec ss tes sane 226
quinqueguttata .._____...- 4027|) Cariacus columibianus 2=-- 2-2-2. =--5--=- 99
Semou balla aes meeete 402 | SVL SUT TU S ere ee a 99
tes taceay sss cS lee ee 8 ANB) || CENCE eres ao onion reap Aone 274, 310
C@alobatastasciatams ene s assassin ee Zips BOanidinayyrssseaean, Sateen own se wee ee 318, 314
AIS Cisviet ste eee et era 257 KOSOCNSISE esse aaa e te aes 314
naa TM aisheateet tes Arne cece age tate he sy. ||\ Cenrngriclecp oe ets ie oo 418, 480, 433, 446, 451, 464
@arlocerinushesse es Sse Se hee 327, 330, 348 BIC ONT S eee ae Se ae 425
Honig ants sees eee a 348 | CMC ONS ee Se eee 414
Calymmene senaria. ._.... -...---------- 149 new species ------ 458
Cambarus clypeatws 22. - -.-225...5 222.22 122 albipennisa sees eres aera 451
GUIDE SIS Vee we eer a tin so 123 APONAAT AS pe a ee ee 23
STEALS ese eesti Hates sent Ne NS 122 atriferarce season tee omer 460
DIlOSUSHS Scene ha ee ei br OLUS Camsee ap een eee 414
Camercceras proteiforme .____.___. 149, 151, 169 new species ___...- 447
Cameroons district, West Africa, birds abrOpUlviereaa see eee 413
sESTS() TDR aE ep eerat S Ane ow os Ue Rp 11 new species __- 428
Camipephagidae asses ees eee 247 | AUG TIS rere eee eee 443
Wamimpe thera esses econ a) aaa ees 14 | lo1C Ol air: 1 SABES eae pe eee son 422
Dermiis tases ses eae Ha | DILAS Ca basses ere ee 433
Wampome trav s sso hh aa eae ae 101, 105 | bostoniensis -__-_-_-- 422, 431, 432, 434
ane) laces ee 101, 102, 103, 105 ibrunmMeloeray sees ae 443
bilineata, new species - ____ 102, 105 CoBIS Sas aah eae 439
cinctipalpis, new species -- 103, 105 GCESINS Rewer eel eons 414
fraterna, new species. -.-. 104,105 new species_..._-.--- 457
LOYAL) CONE = es Ppa ta ye a ae Ss se 104, 105 CATIOS US zeae coin ea 414
minor, new species.-...... 104,105 new species. ---_--.- 449
Campothoranes sis = = sen esas a caer sees 14 GURPICOIOWP Be eb25 Geocos akesoase 422
CAROL ae aes Ey A. 29 CO Saban Sse eee ene yee 425
TOSIAANIS HOI — Se oes Base 14 compressipennis.-.._-----.-- 413
Cancer OSOT ese eas re a ee ee 302 new species 429
Cataphractusieesss enna aes 311 COntACTONIS tees a= eee ere 413
elibanar tus ye seeos ase en eee 306 new species. ---- 421
COLRGU Sats a ee 292 Aakotaes oes ae eee ree ae 413
CUTSOI Ssh 2 eee oe ee nee 275 mew species--..-.---- 442
depressuss: sian 2 ee ee sae 281 GLiform She eee eee eee 413
ORCA VALS aes s aU say ee 303 new species.------- 441
1050 INDEX.
Page Page.
Garneades' dissona_.-..-2-5----22--22—--- 418 | Carneades ontario, new species. .----.-- 440,
divergens| Ses see eee eee 456, 457 perexcellens__--.-.-..-.- 452, 4538, 454
CnLer iS sae eee 418 PINGATL eee Eee ee eee 414
new species.---.--- 427 new species._...-...- 451
excopiitar- eens ese een 413, 424 TOMENRELU ROWS soso coorne soos sesee 421,
new species-_-...--- 423, 422, 423, 425, 426, 427, 428
exculltan ao sete ee ase ees 413 DUST On SS sae ene eee 413
new species....------ 24 new species -------- 419
TACtOLIS eee cs ee eee eee 414 Tecmo Gull apeeeeer Eee eee eee 458
new species -------- 456 TelaRUS Srey See See 413
falerinaige- os. eke ease ee eaee 413, new species._-_-.-..- 432
new species. -------- 29 Selemish 22h esi J sae eyes 414
HaVvAdens)s esses on eee eee 420, new Species ------ -=-- 459
AMaviSCap laps se nee eee 413 Sessilo 2:55. 5 aee eeeees 413
new-species. -_-- 22 new Species -.....---- 431
OST Ta! Sse ee 414 Sticmatalisaeeass eee sae 413
new species- ------ 454 new species.-.... 425
PTA TS eee en ee 449, 450 TERMeSSUS = sane s ae ee 413
SUDO Fe yas Ga eine oA A AE crs Se 413 new species. .-..-- 426
new species.--.--------- 437 LOPNAariUS eee) ee eae eee 414
Bula Gaya Sie eye ea Seeman 455, 456 new species...-.--- 444
hennriettastesseon sess e eee 414 LOrrenus 2220s ous se eo eee 413
new species-._--.--- 452 new species____.._-- 436
InoMenonewaN ee osoe Sets SSScS 421 CeLritOrialseas se ee eee eee aS
INOMOL NAPE), sao anea doascee ness 413 new species ----. 436
new species- .----- 443 testula:. osteo. Sos aa eee 413
idahoensise=seeee eee see 455 MOWeSDeCICS i= =e === 440
inculbitase sess eee 413 tessellataye ses eens 423, 446, 448, 449
new species.--.----- 435 tessellloides}=a=ss2 ens aaa 469
Tha ifey hb. cape ean ae MENUS A Were Aer ale, 453 TOCOVE oss 22s Se See eee 413, 422
IMGPICALE nee ek ae ee nae 428, 429 new species -_..-. _-_. 33
LINGUS eee ee Pee nee 414, 446 vallus 233-2 See eee 413
new species---------- 446 NeW: SPeGies!- So 2e- eee 430
UOC ES ne ame eames ee 418 WEWONCHICDS S255 5-secoce cece ccs 414
new species ----------- 438 new species = 2222-- 453
Ikenswallleioe sane rss ase ae Al\4 Viclleripeninis == =a = sae eee 423
new species ___-_-- 443 | Carpodacus erythrinus 25-222 --2-2225.2 224
las cam ce seene seen 413, 440, 441 frontaliss.. 22 eee 231
new species--__.----- 439 ODSGUGUSIE Sse se eee 231
para rad See ee eee ie ee 414 mexicanus clementis ---..- 231
new species. --.-.--.- 460 frontalis __. 51,56, 70, 94
VOW ee aoe eel phe pete 413 | purpureus californicus.-- 51,56, 94
mew Species. - 2-2. .=.-2- 422 SENEIRWAON Al sons ce cScosmocoS 224
IATGCOSLE US ee eee ee ee 413 | Caryophyllia arnoldi, new species_-..... 199, 203
new species-__-_-.--- 433 lineata eee ene Spo
TID NTS free cretet eer 414 new fossil species of__.... 199
MEW SPECIES Basse mauaes 450m |e CasanrcalcaSar.cass= n=] 3 eee ee ee 209
MELASTIS MMA ae eee yeaa 413 Castor canadensis. sees === =e 99
new species .--- BOB | Cate Sas ee SBS els slat ea aye eee 99
IMESSOVIA Sse ese ak el 432.5 .Catabom baspynasiilee sess aaa 371
ABA 435, 4805431 4005/4094404.) | Cabocalaelectaresss=255en eo enetes sae eee 367
TOTES Ve eee eee ey a eee Adie | Catometopas=a ses aes n ee eee 272, 274
MeV WS See eee ee ee cee AIS) © atte S252 2 se Se Se ee ee a ae ee 99
new species _------- 424 | Caviasobaya-.--. Saas eee oe eyes ae eee 79, 100
MCOLCLISi ates eA Wea aura 414 | Cecidomyia salicis-siliqua--.-..---------- 396
new species--_-_-.---- 446) | i€ecidomyid espe ae eee 396
TV OSV CL a Sl Sey AS Wes Bh AI3418" |) \Cecidomiyiid ce as eseee ee ee eee 249
new Species - 222.4222 4? (al Celaena renie erases = see = ee eee 366
MOGCUUTEOT MTT S wee eee eer 414 | Central Asia, birds collected in__.-._--- 205
new species --- 445 | Centropus senegalensis _.---..-...------ 27
NOL CICA meses ae eee eee 414. ‘Ceophlosus|pileatus!2--5. ee ee ee eee OOnOL
new species. ..-..--- Abdel Cophalopodaseses c= eae ee See eee 169
obeliscoidessseaeeasesee ees 4520 Cepphusicolumbaresees2=4s- see eeeeeeeee 43, 52, 81
Objun cater eeees see eee ANA @eramoporlidsesses se. sseee eee Eee eee 156
new species _-.--- 448 | Cerapterocerus..-.--.-.---. ---------- 341,347, 403
OChT Og aster ee aaa ae enae 28 Horidanse==--eeeeereee 403
ONCATI OS aE ss ee ee ed 413 latevittatus. -.---------- 403
INDEX.
Cerapterocerus mirabilis ___--_...----_-- 403
DUNComMIS esses se 403
Ceratosymmnaatratayso so sseee eo oe 11,12
Ceratomyza dorsalis)-222--- 2-2. ------ 269
Ceratopogon punctipennis--_--_---. ------ 250
SCG aK ss ee ee ee 250
Ceraurus pleurexanthemus ._-.....--.- 151,174
Cerchneis tinnuncula interstincta_--_.-- 210
Cerehy Siu See sess sansa 335, 338, 345, 379, 380
Cauda tars team ems nel dea s2 379
elasmoceri, new species. --- 379
ALAC CUS Ee ea eerie santa ee 380
hubbardii, new species----- 380
TGEIAE ss GSee ss SoeEe ee eee 380
palliciipes Ms teeen= see a eee 380
Dulchricormisess-seess sees, 355
tenebra buscar eee esa pees 355
Cercobelushes loys oro see ee re 342, 347, 408
FNL SOULS es ee A ie 408
Weroplastesye- a ssencc so ce een seess Seca 387, 405
AETMIST SO en eee aoe aes == 385
cerripediformise=--2-2--5-— 387
Ceropsyllarsideroxydi 4252 =) ene ae 411
@erorhinca monocenata_-.- 2222-22 43, 52, 80
Cerostomamadiatellass.-9= 2) ss 5 sees te 364
Certhiamectirostrisi=2--=- 2-252 --5---- Bz
SO vali aT) Prey eee ese Mee cea 246
Ceryleialeyons:.-52 225 228-0455 See4 74,91
Chesturanpelaci Games. ssa eae eee 92
Delaseical ss ss2 aoe es ene eee 71
(Chalicas pis sass ss ee eee 336, 343, 371.
POLS aN G Sita e umm Tota 371
GChalcidshicsria-sa 5 are ee 323
belonging to the sub-
family Encyrtine, on
the genera of, by Wil
liam H. Ashmead. .----- 23
@halcid@id casas ese ener ates eee ne 323
Charadiidses 22-222. ee 206
Charadriusidominicus: 2... 22.2222 -2 12. 55, 73, 88
IQENTODUIBY, = costa Saedoe saeuce 47,54, 73
TMCONS 1 CUUSHE eee eees ae 206
ANNI OT meee aye Se ene aires 54
MOTE WS ie eee eee 54, 73
pyrrhothoraxsss-2-sese- 24 20G;204
Squatarola =2es-s 24-25 47, 55, 73, 88
Charitonetta albeola ---2--_ 52222222. 62, 85
Chaijyjbdellaye ase 2 es ee 2898291
TPO ONE hs ae wa ee eae 291
Chaunonotus sabinei._............--.-.. 18
C@heilodipteridszess=-2-- s22-- ee 114, 115, 116
Cheiloneurug mess: 25 ee =e 840, 347, 400
alibicornio meets ees 400
cupreicollissesees eee 400
Gactylopil esas ae 400
diaspidinarum _-__---_-.-- 401
Guise eases 401
HORM GS US e ease ene eee 400
1 DUO WU RBIs Sees oom oeke 401
MisTeScens pene me eee ene 401
(OP AVSNDUG Noy ah rs ta a ea RN i eg 227, 228
Cashimeriensistes= sae ees eee 227
erythrogaster. 22-2: 225--)--. 58, 97
MADAM SIS pss ee a ae ere a 28
AUTO Cases ates ate nee ey 228
(CISINIGIONEROIEY,. aaa Stony eens ss 228
Chrelivdirawet rem es acess hele Sones ae 2
Chelydnidse esas eee ae
Chenalopex aegypticus
Chestomorpha biformis
new species-.-_.
Ne wr Genusesssseaess 335
Chilodap ter uses sess sates 2s emma
Chilone ryt spe oases ees eee
GUpTrercolis= sae ase eee
dactylopiigesssas2- 2 sso see
maculatipennis
Chionaspis eugeniz
eraminis) See:
Salicig A Gea cure ose ease
Chiroxiphiavlanceolatan ene
Chilorocich|layexee eis ae SL eay elem ee ty
Chlorodielll aes ss eens eee
loneiman aes sseneeeeeee Sects
lon gimantis:=aesseee ase a =
Chicrediusicomvyexushasss=s92-n ee aeee =
Jlom|g-imaamit Saye eee eee ae ees
Chloropstineur ahaa ern een ee a
trivitattareses setae eee
Chondestes grammacus strigatus-.
1051
370
, 343, 370
1138
250
69, 74,97
30
286, 288
288
288
287
288
390
267
51,57, 79, 95
Chordeiles virginianus henryi.----a.--- 64, 92
@horelaesa ses oc) se ea cee Sadish Ae 340, 347, 400
Maiva CIC tale =e eae eee eee eles 350
WAGISH oe Se Ses acee eae ead ee 361
CHORTa Resta ree™ mas ean ee ete 400
Chiysistiniid ales sameness ean ae 360
Infidus: ==. --2)_ 2-2. 3824,38265322) 359) 360
Chrysomyia macellaria: 5-2-2222. 250. 255
Chirysopatssssieeec ssa sma abe sends 378
attenuatalssss- 225 s2 eee eens 351
Chrysoplatycerus = 222 2 4 8476405
howardii.new species 405
Splendensi aes 405,
Chrysopophacu si aaeer ee nee 528, 331, 350
Joys Wall Gch ees emus 2 sree ees 350
compressicornis _---.- 359,351
Chay sotusipalllipesi sss = eae 202
Chy toni sles eee ees alee aoe en sateen eoanie 416
Semifasclarsier ese en 413
new species- ---..- 415
@CincinnuUTnuse esses eee eee me 497
COCCINecIErONSeess= eee ees 499
INO ARTIS eee r area dees 498, 499
new species. -_-_. 497
TO PLUS ss essa see nen 497, 498, 499
@inelhidaors snes tees ee Sa eee eae 223
Cinclusaguabicustaesss==="—ne==saeeeee as 5L
ASTATIC USO eer ee eae ane 223
Gashmeriensismecens sas aneane ae 223
cinclus cashmeriensis -_.__.-_-_- 223:
Mex CANUS Eanes eee eee R emcee (OS
Cinnyris:chloropySiaes: =. se. 34
Chlonop yells ae eee ee 34
Gyanolesmaiae-o1 ete. anaes 34
GyanoleemuUs sete eee 34
johanna. jess senso se eee ot
ODSCUT Ar eae = see ae hc ae aes 17
QWSCUEUSF eee ee es ee aes 17
SOUM=mlaim preire eee eames 246
SONALI Ms SSRs Boe Bec cou ose 246
1052 INDEX.
Page. Page.
Cincophylliaeeesss setae a een eee 186,197 | Colpocephalum chrysospheeum ----_-.- 74, 95
CTC US Eo ee aaa ee relate peer 55 Githusuimys esses eee 74, 86,
Cinereusi 4.3 oes See eeseeeeer cee 7 91, 93, 94, 96, 97, 98
GY ANE sos eee eee 218 flavescens -.-..-.---.-- 73,89, 90
hudsoniusmwasestesees-eosee esos 55, 89 THERMO -Gogec sone ones 74, 98
maillandie 222 seseoeen ea eeeee 239 funebr.e rs ssseaeeee a 72, 81, 82
@isticola.cherinasesse==— see nee eeees 245 fuseipes si. eee eee 92, 82
Cladocheeta nebulosa, new species ----- 263 grandiculum ---.----- 74,95,96
IMO\7 HOMO os ooce ob cose ecoce 263 lanier oer 72, 81
Madoconamtre cee Soeees asa ee eee eae eee 188, 192 laticepseeeeaesteeeeeee 72, 86
COE Ov ASS tee ts ee a te 192 longicaudum ---.------ 73,89
JOhNSOniees as as ae ese ee LOA OTe OS maculatus =a ees 74, 90
lineataree. 225) Us sseeee eae. 188, 197 ochirace nin ==s====—==—ee 73, 87
Clathrospiraiconica oases s-0-4-9-22—=-— Lole6o, osbornigeeeess = -aaseeees 73, 89
Glemam ys eee eae eee aces 23 ely] anu 80
Glibananiv se esses esses eee ee 302, 804 peLp anus === eee 71
eequainilise=<: =e lasassee anes 304 OMA) oeNcodsss cessed = Jey ee
ALrICANUS! =e neeet ese peeeNOUs O00 DUStolusumys sss 74
Chibananivisiaeeee epee ree 304, 806 pustilosumyssss=-ee = 91
Cookie arse ee eens 271 Spineump === =s essa 72, 84
new species __.------- 304,305 Spinulosumies = ==2--aes 73
Culbensisimt ass. sees eee 305 var.minor. 73,87
anelitailse nesses ace ea- sees 304, 805 subeequale .....-.-.--.. 74,93
sclopetanius=seesseseeeeree 305 subpachygaster_---.-.. 74,91
Senegalensismesr= se seeeere 304 Gran Ga 73, 88
Vit CSCENS saa e nee neers 804, 805 WUNCILeTUIMY ee = eI CNOd
Willgaristics ese ese enya 306 Uni Orme rh sasaee eee 72, 87
Glinoceras) se es Sa ie seen eee CA’ -Clovhwarnl og CE Ehs ses ocosbestasosceses code il
@xa SU eee 151,171 | Gomestical=26es == aaa aes 73
@lisiocampaidisstriasees=sese eee eeeee oe 382 | lidar esses 22 es Sees 63, 66, 67, 77, 89
Glunaculumyseeecenee ae eee eee U1, 112) palumbus=2saees ete seo eee 67
@occidsparasitere ees aap eee eee B24 | FONG MUSH, acaconacess wsboebecec 238
WOCCIMaet soe eee See eee eaeeee = 323 | rupestris pallida -------------- 209, 210
@occidencyz;tusjensifer == 2-2 --.------ 383 | Suratensis}2 esse sepa eee 210
new genus ------.-- BEL haxenastss. |) Colltehan ere — pce GScq scones GSadconacescolc 209, 238
Coccinella 9-notata 222822) 2 25.22 oe ea 378 | Columnaria Sexradiata.---..---.-.------ 194, 197
GWOCCODLUS ee te eee ee eee eee eee BAZ TOL RA0S | ho layer Coys Na a ee er 235
diaspidis, new species ------- 408) | Colymbusiancticuse-eesee-- see eee eee 43
Coccophagus annulipes -.--------------- 384 | CAPECNSIS Hess ys see sae ee ee 235
Coccophoctonus dactylopii ------------- 37 glacialis cee eee eeeee 43
new species 375 nigricollis californicus-__.--- 43,
new genus..-.. ---- 337, 344,375 | 44, 46, 52, 69, 75, 80
Coccothraustes icterioides.-_..-.-------- 227 | pel Zeolites HAVese ee eee eee 235
vespertinus montanus. 77,94 | septentrionalis --.-..--.-.--- 43, 60
CoccyZUSaMeTiCanussaecss essa eee AGO a eC oly pbeanay s-eeee pees eee ee eee 92
californicus occidentalis -__-. 49 | Costas 851s Eee 69, 92
erythrophthalmus ---.--.---- 56,91 Commander Islands, contributions to
Occidentalis =a ssa e a aaeee 91>) thematural-historywotr the: == 2555 -esse 125
Coslentena ta see e ss ese oan A58e | Comp sescecn se eae a alee 332, 359,406.
Ofosale never yae ss ee eave am ne eee Sees Nene se 189 | albicoxa: sas yee noes seen 399
oe ase Siete ee aa 189, 196,197 | albitarsis 22) eco seen 359
COMIC Sac enscsted sae Iacese 189, 190. | bicolon= {eee nese ne ee ee eee 360
marylandica _.-..-.-- 190, 196, 197, 198 Cyanea ss. 522-25) ee eee 404
Gen Oita ee ee ee ny ae ete es aera 301 TUSCAZ Rs he oe tee erceee eee 360
TUIDESCENS Soe er eae eee 30] ObScruTrat ten ee aera 361
TUS OSUS sess eras eee eee 301 peckHamis. 3223s see ee seteereee 361
@oenObitidee ease sera ae eee eee eee eetou scutellataseses-seeees eee 24, 332, 359, 360
Ceenocencuspse ea eee ene eee 381 SWied Orin seta ene eee 361
puUncticollishassss = eames carei lie ie Oxohatrete io bald Ms Se dans Sons 182
Coenosia varicornis, new species ---..-- 256-4) Contopusirichardsonilja=.— sees seea= 93
Colaptesiaunatus eee eee eee 49, 56, 92 VAT STS pes eee ea ice ee parce 50, 93
CAPLET eS See ee a at 229 | Conularia trentonensise--so-se-esseeeees 149
Colaris;leptosomus=a2452 sees se eee 242 | Copibryophila angelica .----...-...----.-- 413
Colinus virginianus ---.-.-------- 40, 55, 62, 76, 88 new species----- 416
Colpocephalumieererss eee as eee eee ees 42,71 News SenuUS a see 416
ANOOWEN ned coe oaae Loe 282) Copidosomas.- os.) oes eee eee OOD ore OOO Roee
assimile 2222 Sees 72, 86 aNCeUS zsAeae See 364
INDEX. 10538
Page. Page.
Copidosoma boucheanum......--------- 366 | Ctenodonta medialis -............--..--- 161
Celalenzesees-cs ea neon esa 366 NASWtae sess ase ensues 160
chalconotusee-eso ee ceee oe 363 MLC Aa ssw see yh oe yee ee 161
diversicornis.....-..------- 364 ONATLORMMNIS 56565 coasco necane 161
PMRCCTIN® = sscdssbsecsccseceos 364 Sofie dicey ena eenteee Ean
filICONMISIeee a eee eee 364 Subnasuta sss anaes 151, 160, 176
flagellare.---.--------. auece SOtAIMC UCI eases sesnee anes ee ee nese eeeee 27, 240
Hagellaricies= esse esse: oot CucwlusicernwleUSteesaese asa e eee eee 240
melechi coe eee aes 366 CANORUS Hei ee eae eee ee 49,56
intenmedsumyeses seees es == 366 pollocephaluspsssss=—e sees 241
pallipes)/pesc2 sess soso 380 TOCHTiMese= sees 241
Dy maliclis eee aseee se oec= 366 TOCHIGI ee eens eee oan ees 241
trun catel lume ass eeeeee 366 Senecalensiseesssseeeem cee eee ee 27
(EOE ON sees oe Series aoe SUle Ee Culexqpertunpan Sees aaa ee eee eee 250
VOU oes See se ewe see BOG Cli cid sare mee ae eta eee eee 250
VaGierauum snes oes oor Cultelluss#belchenieeesess=sssseene eee ene 108
Coquillett,D. W., on Dipterous Insects COStALUS ere erates eee ee ones 108, 109
EPOMeE UCL LOPel CO anes ranean aee 249 STAVANUGH So wete ewes eee eee 108
Wordclastahna ese eee eee eee 27 TING GIS) eee = once eae ee eee 108, 109
UOOUP DS aro cobadoaabssoanes ss 241 Sulbsulleatushae essa sete mss sees 108
WORD CHI d eet een ae ae eee eese 27,241 | Currie, Rolla P., A New Bird of Para-
(Woracopsisinignapsss=s 225-522 see a= 240 GISie see eee eee Se 497
Corethrura insularis..-.---.-------.---- 236 | birds collected in Li-
Cory dec mere te eens eae ee none 228 | beria by. ------ Saree 25
Corvus americanus-----_---- DOO IMOL NAA Onooel ie OlUnSOi1 CG conse ee eee ne eee ee 25
GOMER? saad noged dooeen coLcoo see 74,228 | Cyanocitta stelleri frontalis-.-........ 51,57, 93
SiInatUSesep eases E OO Aon eolellin Oy. clomeboparereces assem eeaes eee eee 272, 282
QORMUES — soso Soansne sascsN Sose BaN6 78 | Cycloneda sanguinea-.....-._--.-------- 378
CORON Ci ae ee eee Nee te Ota EUS: Ms Ohya eee aos Sle ee Se 62
(HAUG MbIS Ke oa anes oStaboo ses eos 74, 22 ie wal @ kia = ete Sete eerevas 45
Corythaix macrorhynchus ----.. Laeeah 27 CaANACeNSIS sees ne eae 65
Corythornis cristata _.-..--.---.'.--.---- 242 TPUSICUS MSS sae a ee nee sees 45, 65
Cristatustees see epee eee 242 ClO Sse tee a oe ee 65
Cossyphajshanpele ss seseee sae PAUL Chana s Gea xO osu ocaceasebo soos eacaoSKeaS 366
GOWNS cs255 se6b Shodes doce doasmoescaDecass 220 | @ynipsillum) infidume 22-2. 22-2222 5524--- 360
Cotywlewipanriaiasss-asose-e nen ase oacen= 51) Cy phaspis frobisheri=-5- 222 =2-2-------- 150
Couayesenulenennnssnes nena sees ae eeae CAO Ong Cre odes Se caos cosaoeorseconaseuacd 2
TREN VIOENPON Boo oe oeae cea uaedoS ZAD In @ypselusapUSee sees -ccnseeee eee sees 51,71
Couroucoulnaninaens-.---ss-sss22 2-225 Lady rbOCENAS as-cesesmeee een a esas canes 171
(ChanmexoniGles) oS ocese5 peace nodes Tbo6 Bae 274, 311 bafiinensiske== sss 177
Cramton ee el Ee See ioe 400 new species----- 151,171
@nabenopideermens sss soon ee eesseeeeee = 220 Cornultmieeseeese eee 172, 177
Crayfish, new species of_--.-..---------- 121 new species---.-- 170,171
(WrepipORas ee see ee ee eee oS 151, 156 ORS UUM ee ea ee a ileal
Crexe pull Chia cas eee nese es tees 26 manitobense ..------ 150, 151, 170,171
Oriniger eee esis sees Seon ee 14 30H Cyr tocenatid cess sees as saee eee eee 170
SUL GUN AlIS yee seee eam ae 3208 | Oyrtodontaratimi sees eee ene nae 162
ASUNET CTE SSG ene eee ee ee 320 billing sit= sis wane ee ee 162
sordidus, new species ---.-.-__- 320 olbberaeeee see eeee 151, 162, 163, 177
Croniuspmillle rile eae eee 291 TONED EU ee a gS a een 162
TU DER Ge Gos Seeees Se os eee 291 hUrOnensis=-— see aaa ee 162
(Crossley aa ase ae a ee Seat ear iee 244 ATV aeee eee ae ere ee 162
SHOU AGO) BATS oe oA oo ee 244 sillimanensis: ces. se eee iUpres
Crotophaga sulcirostris _.-....--....---- 64,91 new species- 151, 162
@rnustaceasa sees me bewse eee ea 173 Subcarinatape-se-eea eee 162
Crustaceans of West Africa __...-.----- Qlalie @yntod ontidser ses ee eae eee ee 162
Crymtocrinidce sss 22-2 a pte soe TES |) ChyASWONG Oe) Sado ooo Sesedseeaaesbescnae cos 155
Crytodonta affinis var. fillmorensis __-- 1620 MDactylopiusp sss ss=see eee 357, 376, 384, 387, 405
Ctenodonta albertina _.....-.....-...-.- 161 adonicdumrssess eee e eae 359
balfhinvensSiSiessess seen 176 Clit pies mee ee a eee 249, 252, 269
new species -... 151,161 destructor =tee4aa- = 303, 400, 406
Canina tae eee 161 ephiedince eres se ae ae eee 410
carpenderieee aes 176 WERENT saaead beads Soon bose 385
new species.-.. 151,160 VWirgatuseess nen sass anene 373,388
cuneiformis esses 1GOBISDafilaiacutasseesess ease eee aa 45,70, 71, 85
frobisherensis---... .-----_- 176 | Dall, William H., on the Solenide of
bew species. 151,161 North America and the Antilles ----- 107
1054 INDEX.
Page Page.
Dalmanellay 3-2 eae be Se eee ae eee 156: Didg@ene see ssrjso2 os. eee een ee eee 302, 306
testudinaria-sseeessseee 150, 151, 156 DReVROStES eee 306, 3807
Dalmanites eboraceus. .----.---.-.------ 174 denticn lapis === see eee 306, 307
EO CCKEICKS oo poco cece oka ese= 176 [OHOVSAUIEHRORS sosacccoconcs Ee a et 206
new species. ---- 151,174 var. gracilimana -_- 306
Danay Intrawest ona ae eee meee 182, 183 var. intermedia ---- 307
Dasycephala syndactyla -.-.-.---- .----- 31 RVDEs ONANID costes cose 306
Dens ainiyallless Ewe) peepee eee eet 182 VaTIANS 5-25 eee ee eee 206
Decapod crustaceans of West Africa -- a0 var. gracilimana ----- 306
Devwamanrckar qs wee Ate see eae aaa eee 182 Waies OWN coco ce aceee 306
Deli cla @ mies eee ee aie et ee ee eae 22 Diomedea albatrus_.._.--.. 54,59, 64, 65, 72, 75, 82
Cashimeriensis=sseeepee ee 227 floret nya Uns ee 59, 65, 83
mMepalensisyysseeessee eee eee 22 chillororhynchaes esses eeeee 60
Meltocyabhiuis's: otc. j shes eee ea eee 202 exulansse2 ieee oes 59, 60, 64, 65, 83
SIS) 1 Co Le ee sea a a ae eee 483 melanop hisses == 59
Dendragapus obscurus fuliginosus_-.-. 63,88 NISTIPCS s28s 5555 se eee ees 59, 65, 82
richardson ---- 889) Diphyphyllumeeees sees Dis Nt 175
Dendrocygna arborea .-.---.----------- 45,71 | Diplograptus dentatus.____--------.---- 149
Dendroicarsestivaeas= ssa see BIE bY Gsh (eh wls) ||) IDrholkosns) Co@owlarrbionl <5 oon eos ee 249
VAC OL las ete Seats ae es 74,98 | Dipsastreea hirtolamellata.__.....----- 190, 197
IDendromuse ase tes see eee nee ees 14 | Dipterous insects from Porto Rico_-___- 249
CAT Oli tence eetetee at Wr Cl meet 29,30 | Discocerina leucoprocta -..... --...----- 261
arizelus, new subspe- PARA! soos soe See eee 261
Gles ieee aioe oe a ee 29) (Discodies: £2 uses iees 3 ee 376
eLMSGUS ase e eee 1G 9D oCophorus yess eee ee 41, 43, 45
joy oaut BNE ae 14 acutipectus === ==--eeeeees 43, 80
Dendromys ese hoses ate ae eee 14 AGUSbUS S22 sses es ee 45
Dendropicus xantholophus-----_-_------ 13 agelali:. 2-230 eee 50, 94
Den drornis ieee sae ae ot a pee eae 317 aliens) ..225:527-2e7 Sees 49, 92
anew bird of the genus ---- 317 abi COLOR ee eee ee 43,80, 81
Alavi gasteryiss: =e yaaa: 317 bassa nce! 2s) 2 oss Seas eee Oe
striatigularis, new species- 317 ibisignatulsSessesseessa aes 46, 86
Depressaria nervosa. -------------------- 364 brevimaculatus.--.------.. 45
Desmometopa halteralis, new species -- 267 brunneiceps __-.---.------- 45
Desmophydlum sss ees eee eee 184 | ibulbonis|=aeeses eee 48, 91
AN PENS Hee ery seme 184 buteonisics) 2 eee 47,90, 92
SWalllll C Oxeleeey eeeeee 184, 197, 198 californiensis —. 032-2222 = 49,91
Dexid'so322- eee ee Seen re eS fa ae ae a 254 GCalvust ecco 2345 eee 43, 81
Diagnosis of Dinolestes lewini.---...---- 116 Canuti: $22.22 sseese eee 46
Diallagma, new genus-----------2.=----- 453 ceblebrachyStees-- sees eeee 48,91
Tarte ae seve Sie ele aa ce 414 COCCI SIE Sah ee uN aes eine 49, 91
i new species --__--.-.-- 483 Colyambinu's\e=se 2 === see 43, 80
Diaphorophyia castanea .---.------.---- 16 COnAM UNIS seers ses e eee 50, 92,
Diaspis ostrezeformis._._.......------_-- 409 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99
MOSES crs See eee Se gs lee ee 355, 408, 409 COMM DATE ease eee ee 50, 94
Dicelloceras rufescens _...-.-...-------- 354 Cordiceps sees eas eee 46, 87,88
Dicelloce rus eee oe Oe aoe Se ae eu ee 335, 368 COPVI ¢ 22. 2s2ccee eee 50, 93
VID TATIG Ae cee ne ae ee eters 369 CUPSOL_<h2h2 eo eee eee 48,90, 91
ID Ker obi ei 6 bre) ea eee eee a See ee eepe 18, 35, 247 cyenil = See 45, 86
DICHURUS AtripenniShe sees sea ae ee ae nee , 36 Cistinebuseeessas= eens 50, 93
COTA CLUS ae ee a ee 36 | domesticuss==2== === 51,96
MIMO CStUSH aa eee eee es 18,36 eVapansat: Sieh nese 49,91
AUACGUS ease eee eee 18 @XCISUS. 2224 See eee 51,97
new sub- Wes TOME KOWP = 2+ = 51,97
species ___ 35 Ril iNOS See aoe eee 47,58
modestus ..._--.-..- 35 fusco-ventralis ___.__..--.. 50,92, 93
DINOCATSIS ees See eee a ODOR OL ONO LO NoSlmSDS. LUISTROT IONS eee 46, 87
TOUWUKANE OS oo abesescesucscnes 354 STAVACODS =a e eee eae 43, 80, 87
PhiyridopteryolSa--ee sess 353 Nalietige = Aae. Sexe tain ;-. 48,90
IDINOLESECS ie See yee eee Sol 113, 114, 115, 116 longhorn e oe otek | LOS
Ie ft Aasotoe Secon obcooe JNBy TING, 220) UOMO EE acnss Sceces Heooee 45, 85, 86
morlile rite as aes see nae 113,116 incisuS|)so sss 506 See 52, 97,99
Dinorthis meedsi ___...-.---.---..--- 151, 157, 158 INSOlituS seers een 43, 80
ATC UCase aaa eee 150, 176 JUMPS le Hass jew Eee 49, 92
_hew variety-- 151, 157 Jansensis!2226 23 oso 43,80
PLOaV tay eee eee 158 Vai. 6 poo ae eee ALES ORGIES?
Subquadnata ses ces as eee 158 laviCeps23-2 Ga-e te etee eee 51
INDEX. 1055
Page. Page
Docophorus laticeps, var. americanus... 51,98 | Ectroma americanum __..__.-.-_-..__.__ 353
Vain ON Stee ee 49,91 GUNMEN SC rae ae sa ere ie 353
melanocephalus ___.__----. 44,81, 82 EUIVESCEN Sean ty Coen ae 355
minuto-trabeculatus ------ 46, 87 MACERENS Cys =e see eee 353
TMP. Gt See eee 50, 95 TOA ifs anereUby anek a ee eee 354
ATTUTTSTLS Eero Se mere Oe 52, 98 TCA LEDs Anais Baa ea) ee ee 354
TMAOINAOIRENM sce seca aadads 43, 80, 81 TUL Ae ea ion aint Lee ean 354
THERE VOMWNND seissng sodsoebasS 45 TSU TTI eee a ee en ea 354
Ocerdemballi shea =sese eae 44, 83, 85 ETSUT LTS Pe eteees erate share an an Cne 354
JOAN AIMCTSIS ee eeee ee eee O19 ||) IselROMa aN. eat SGces Socona ea seaee 327, 348, 349
DEREUSUS ee eee AGTSORSGs Ove Ed ollusitonrficabusp= sss eee see eke OAT
TAPAS ooh soc e each Sass Ade 84 RSet ba albae eens eee eee ee ee G1
fale tu Spas see eben cent aes Ai D0 eH hrenberos: C= Geese ee 182
pDlALYySLOMUS = sees eee 47,89,90 | Elainea subpagana —_.....-.........__-- 70, 74, 93
TOTO CEU ae oes rn em ee era 45 Ole tlanoldes fori catuss=ns= sees aaa aaaeee 73, 89
quadraticepsi== ss eeeeee AGUS (pl Er lanUS eyes se ry eens nae eas erable Ble Pie Deon 89
GUISGATIRs aa es he eee ee = 50, 94 UCU Saar NO MASO)
TRO TEED IS a es = ee ne ee 48,90 | Elasmocerus terminatus._______.___- Bee 380
TUES pene eons meee 4 OR OOM EMI SIA ty jol Caeser sense eta a sen ae 244
TRAP SION SEES oe he ne ete te 52, Os} ||) IDeA] QSIAVAD, CHE) 23 554 c sees sense sedate 224
Sialie yep n ee eee a 52,99 | Sbrachie yiieaeeayen a eee nee 224
SINC WaT Sees =a 49, 91 leweocephalospen se=nene sees 224
Speo by bisa cease eae 48, 90, 91 DULViED Sty ere a= eee he 50
Sphenophorusiess==ss-e ee AES 8 Gee EET DIT OT Spo eet 183
Ssuperciliosus==--- see =) = AH OIG TINA 1 BOs Rar aete eae ey ane eee EY a Ch 251
SW APMUUL oo oho ceeeoccescesns CECI) || IBreaponohoyer psc ClbaOUNIS eA ea 51, 57, 69, 93
taurocephalus -.--....-.--. 47,90 INS WH COlayeee === eee 230
testudinarius.- 2.4225. 2-- 47,88 | Endoceras proteiforme ________._..____- 146, 149
PLANS POSILUS eee eee OOF |) UOGIOCORABIOES) ce ceescecsecece acs oanencaos 169
Validisss=ss=—-" Ble a ee 44S 83 OE NCrYbUS i SChICANS =p aa aes eee 389, 390
WEP OWNS 5) oi Ons cee dede 46 | SCTICC TSE ees ees eee en eae eee 389, 390
Dolichonyxs OLnyZly. OGUS)=-44- 544-28 CS, G83 || TMC VHC Ea 5 5 sae Ao ee Senso en wonon 328, 324
DO ChOpOGIG de sesame nese ee Ca |) IBKeNAP CEM ox a5 back ak onees Sete obanooce 324
ID Ove aneatny 5 Ue eed Renee ee eee ee BS ial Bek Cyr: Gi age serra ere eae 326
ID ORI MWe Es eesee ease ee ees See saye eat Pa) | DOONAN BUNS) 5555 oe os oeoaecaneeue Scee 324, 327, 348
ENTRY OY ec en a ah ee 299 on the genera of the Chalcid-
ID Yonah ay ov KG ks) he atk ee ee eee ee 278, 299 flies belonging to the sub-
WD OTs OM pete ee ae eee eo 21 family, by William H. Ash-
WD OVO CSB te se ras= Seen ane oe eeme are 482 Mea Gis sss oe mace neta nes 323
DAO LiSeseeer meters npr ee Seely ae SO |) TBA OC AA Sheaese Sota a eooes ojoRG 327, 332, 359
Dromeocercus brunneus-.-........---- 2414 SHIN GyiP COL de ae eae eee 324, 325
ID ROMAIB, 35 cas setae Eee seem ear a eeae SOOM En ey ntuskes-s- ss. 324, 326, 332, 335, 359, 368, 381, 406
Haut ey,@ kal S70 UC) ete ee 300 CeneUSe ss eee ee ae ee eect eae 376
SPUMUUOS tr Spee eee eee 300 COS biVUS See eae ee eae 390, 392
VALLI ATS mes ee atc ORE Datee naw 300 allbicoxatye= sem seen eee pees 359
ID ROP ee) eso ote esa ee See Se Sess eaeee 273, 300 allbitarsish]2= ss aase eee espe. 359
Drosophila fusca, new species .__._____. 264 ANAS Reema ee eerie ee sao 382
PUTO PISS Asse ee a eee 264 ANCE US See eee sacar ae sean 364
Walbba tases sees eee en aes 264 aphidiphagusmeessaseeesesees = 398, 399
ID TOSOp hil deepen eee ee eee 262 ep Li CliviOrs U1 Si eee eee 399
DryAN O1caTChe rin ass eee eee es 245 apicalisheee tse eeeseeess 383, 384
Dryobatesimuttallli 2s. 2222s 2c eee 49,91 Arlen tipes tse. hese ese 401
UIDES Cen Sasa eee sae een ONO ALTA CC eae ee eece oe eee 397
gairdneri --__-_.- el ethia@als hee eee eee ee eee ee 399
WillosuS mate see ne esse eee 49,91 atheas= 2 ee seek eee 366
IDrvoOlimmnaskeuivle less. cee eee 236 atricollisme= sei eee ean rene 394, 395
IDTVOSCOPUS Bera sees ene Seno a eee 18 bbaleuse as fsa tee Sees ne soee 302
leucorhynchus —--_---=_2.._ 18 DIC OLOM Aes ea eee 360
Dryotriorchis spectabilis --.._..--..-.-. 25, 26 holush= 2s. eee eee nee nese 393
aa Ga Me ee ee a ae he 183 bucculatricisi---— 225 seas ae= 395
1 DOPE WH Sea ae sea ee A 298 Cecidomyise: ==: -=-2 252-2 2+5--- 374, 396
aTinises ease ese Pee 298 cedrenus: . is. sue ssn 392
tuberculata:<=--+ 2:2: <-222:22 22: 298 chalconotustess-e ee sae eee eee 361
Echinometra subangularis.__.___._2.... 301 chaleostomus/=22 222 sso es 390
HMehthroplexis —_ = 2.222222 22lceece 338, 345, 381 chionaspidis!.2--2-.----2 --<-+- 401, 402
hintuse-e sae sry eee 381 Chiloninus eee ese eee eee 367
Ectroma 2:22 -2.2-22--- = 22 5 == 828, 329, 331, 353 clavellatus=-.-2<--=~22¢sus--= 396
1056 INDEX.
Page Page
Eneyrtusiclayicorni Stes epee aes eae 371 | Encyrtus planchonie .--.--------------- 402
ClOON ese 2a sees ee ee 392 Diaby. Cents es eae a ee 369
Clisiocampeeiees- eee es ee eee eee 381, 382 PUNCH CE DS Mensa eee eens 379, 388
Contormi Staessen sess eee 376 py ralidisi = ees eee eee 366
coniferse ieee seeee eae 367 Guadnicolor ees sees Se 406
COMVE XUS hee eee ae ee 381 Tater. aise lathes we ees 354
COLNIP Oran cae eee eee 404 TOLUNG LEON Seas ae eae 395
CRASSUS fesse eo aeeoeseeee aoe 406 SChIZONeUZ = ane eae 399
cyanocephalus.-.....-..------- 395 Sscutellanises sss eae 326, 360, 361
Galliavamicest =: 225 228: ater ane 403 Scutellatuse= === ee 360
dendripennis)s22.2s5=-ea--s——— 404 SeGriConiSs see eee 363
Ga Ghiuisasoee ee Oe ree 364 siphonophore __..-.---------- 399
Gulbiosus 5: :5522. 2 ee eee 394 Solusi223 a Se ees 381
Guibiuisi == eee eee 3o4 SO1. GGUS seen ee 397
embryophasusts2s5-2-sss—=5— 382 Strigosusipss se — eee eeeeoeee 352
ensifer 22: sesn ecco k Gere ete 383, SUC pRA GUS ieee 392
fasclpenniSi=sse esses eee 391 Sublestus es == aaa 393
MMNCOO VS osc sac soscaoeassasecs 364 Subplanusi=== === ae 379
MacCeUSie pepe eeresneer ee serene 380 SWeCerl Se2ic 22 ee eee eee 361
flagellanis meester caer etree eee ob4 Sy lwawS oo2 Soe ee eee 390, 393
Haminiwseess sees aeeeeee 37 tacha ch cee 393
TEAOINANS sa sccocoamanpece eons 398 targus 32322 sae eee 382
AavAlSieSosteas eos eee eae 391 teculanis 23S eee 364
WU AIBACINGS sodas scecaaccoe sece 386 tessellatus\s*e2352 see eee 393
LUSCar ese Aes ese ses eee ee 360 beStacelpesi === eee eee 395
FUSCICOMISHs==seeeeeeeee eee 394, 395 TES HACE US hae ee Setters 407
PUSCICORMISHseee emer eee 394 thykeod onbiSm === === aaa 396, 397
elaphiyralse sae ee eee 363 tilianis)2 2332 eee 367
Sarearises-se secre eco ee= 382 trIOZI phasis Sa === eee 383
Castrome ns ee ewe Aen 391 truncatellum===se= esas 366
hederaceusieees eee eee eee 386 trun caitellus!= eee 366
hemp terse eee eeee 303 arn e252 aes eee 367
GUIS a are Sees a a? 381 Vectius2s: 222s ee eee 398
MIStICOTMIS esse eee 361 Vibrans) 5-3 522 ee geeenere 369
WVebbusi Sse ee ese eas eas 379 Vitisioc. Se Soe es eee 361
inepttus sc suet se he eee 400 WebStertacel ise ese 400
seal OKO Fb fa) ages gs ek SS a aS) I es 326, 360 AN VONADINUS) pasascsossoscos cece 393
THAVOTOVEM MOLE 2G ssesaisoceus ces oes 406 zetterstedil. == 225-22 ee sae 404
interpunctuses2-- = sees 391 | Eniconetta stelleri -.---.-.---..-.-----.- 61, 85
johnson cea oa See ee Sisk) || ID KADO OES Soo ses sooseasaeokscouess ee, 220
JUG EUS We Ae ee ee creas 408) | bnicurusmacuilatuss. 222-5 s5e== == 229
lachnii sei see keeeeeeee eee 399) Wnsatellavecs oe coe es eee 107
LE CAMIOT UTIs aera ae eee SOOM INSIS 22 cee ne seemless Seas aa ee eee ent OSG)
lichtensizes sees see eee eee 392 americana se. S255 ae ee 107
IAW N is ee ee es ee eae ons 367 califonnicCusise=— = eae 108, 110
Lis HeEAee ae ee eee Ss ae eee 354 new species -_-------- 110
Jon gicornniSsess see eeaares 352, 361, 362 directus:2.-24. = ae 107, 108, 110
var. ventralis __-. 352 @nsiS\ 325-2 -se. oe eee 108, 110
IWNaAtUS sae eee ee 361, 392 IMIAQ TUS eon oe a ee eee eee Oepl OS eel
IMACROCET AR REE tease a eee eee 368 IMINO? 2) Sse See ee eee 108, 109, 110
MOS ONTO Ne aegis ceaoe eRe 309m SH MteG oninee sas eee ee eee eee 320
TOM EROON = ee San seoncsabe cease 396,000 | | phy Grid conse sseee = = eee eee ee eee 209
mesograpt ..-.---..--------- 397098 | Py DleENGYy Rb Sess ae see eee 368, 397, 598
minrabilicornisie= sss s=ssse ses 403 artacer: eno eee 397
Mitratuslessssoe sesso eee 367 melanacisea==—e == Se 397
IMAIUCKE US ase se ne NS eae ae 363 Ne wASenusee === seas 340, 346, 396
MOGeELAGUS meses reE see eee eee 398 SOLdiduS => see eee eee eee 397
ANOMtLOMUS eee eee 392 thyreodontis ----.._------- 397
MOTI ORes tee see RCILe rAd RE 333, 362 | Epimachus magnificus ----.------------- 78
MTG OIS seas ages ee 3967s hipixanthusesspesss=es- ss ee 286, 289
notodomntbze sees eens eco see 382 Helleri. 25-232 -e eee 289
NUD pennismessese ese eee 403 | Erethizon dorsatum -------------------- 68, 99
ObSC Ua ee aa sera ee Sola METI CyiGnuUSmessese eee eee 328, 331, 349, 351, 355
ODSCULTS 220 Se sae Se aaa 361 eemnestusas 2 see eae 352
OVAWLOR UT yee ee 382 eeneiventris ._..-..-.....--... 301
pachy,psyillcoe a eee eee 382, 383 CRRYSCUS a see eee 302
DUS ec See se Te ae eek UE eB AIS Sorel net 407 lathiusculusteceesseenese eee 352
INDEX. 1057
Page. | Page.
Hricydnus longicornis_.-.-.-.---.-.------ 302 | Eurystomites plicatus' --.2-..2---..2---. 151,173
maculipennisi==se=as peas =a— 349,350 | Eurystomus afra ........-. ..-.-.-..----- 27
Mecalarusee acres see 302 SAU CULIG saa eee en eee 241
paladanuSt ss ae ea esene ee 352 SULATISE eters Meneses 27
APE UTULTeTs Cl es een ay ea ee ey eee 302 | EU yib © I ee ee Seemann eg Ae as 347
SHRIMOSUS asm eee eee te SB || JD WSC. ce sss seescnessetescerac 325, 331, 353
VieTULN alist e tes ses an cme ees SOCEM SOI OMe nee ae ee ee 341, 347, 404
REM OLOPUS sees see eee See on oe 282, 285 | lonsipennisiss= see eae saene 404
SPINOSUS eee eee = Zo M MERUCe US TS Gian oe ase ee een Ce 326, 378
BEriococeus rhodomyrti -----.----_------ LOZMExestarapiGalicn= ae hue san se 258
Erismatura rubida._..__-...---.- 45, 46, 62,70, 86 | Spolia tame sass ne eee tN 258
ETS blistellolerOnS eases — ese es -isomae se 253 Sbigmatias=s-e= eee ese eeets aes 258
WHIACUOMUNID, Sse ndo cescooeassoeses 252 CHO pS eae ee ere ee eee oi 257
TBR: 55s ea ee ne el Sys le Hal COR: Lett See eae ye aeons ye eee 55
Ikan alah; see Oe eee Re 113, 116 allipi cil aaa eas tse eee ele eae 212
TER EL AVIS cee ch es ae a et er 299 GYAN CUS y= eee ree ee Ue ee 218
TMAS CAL OM Cie ee at seen ee een 299 HANTS ACH aco asa sansa Saodccos 210
ECO lin aeeeaee ee eee Sees anos oe eee eS 101, 102 Tab NGYONO SOee ae Ae ee tee ioe near eae 239
INO WEMNS po Soaseasensosesees 101, 102 TAS WISH See ease aerials 217
MESO Tie ee ee re eae ee eee 101, 102 (OIG APNG) So eee Se see eusueeeaaece 73, 211
Sbylobatapeaereeceees as ee aes 101 PYPERHUNON Saas aban ooeseos 55, 90
NE COMM Y SMe te eee rane sees 332, 009 sparverius deserticola._-.-----... 90
DLC OR Ags eee oe eee oe cee 309 peninsularis --__.-.... 55, 90
albbitarsish eesti teens enone 359 Gimme Gulu Sse ee eeee eee 69
le GaiaOrtbin =5-— sesso soesecs 360 ZOTMVC ViTs Sean ae ae en es 238
ODSCUTAMM Eee seer te wees SIGs Hal Cont dae i ae eee 26, 210, 238
OSC UIA Sen ere ae eee = SOUE | SHaviOSltCS see eae eee weeny ta 175
SCube lla tae neater S608 PHiorini a Saprosinas sas ses ene eee 403
; SWC Cite cee tae eke etapa 361 | Fishes of the Suborder Percesoces --_-.. 1
Buh ybussubjectuss2-2 ----2-5-2--------- 251 | Foudia madagascariensis .--..---..-.--- 246
TEDL ON ai URS) eS SS ee Se Oe espe 3825 | Francolinus ahantensis ----....--.=----- 26
TTC Sala UG eee ee eee emete es GOS A SCTIATE case ese. oe Sele ee en ee eee 19
HMimemaropbinSiss sss. a eeee ene 151, 167 ochreata.--.-- ei Re Ad 19, 37
SUM Shee ea Sere es Se eee 167 prosphora, new species ----_---- 37
THING MAI ORNGES sas aaeo sa Sace one seseceosne AG Gl evn era bee ek cy Ul cays ee ee 61, 72, 76, 84
[BITC RNSRWEAUIS) | C SabsosaSeSeseoeA Beaman ROrE 303 MINOR sees == SeeoeEsoanessscone 61
ERNIE AUIS aoe coos bose eosoS 303 | Fresh-water Mussels, Synopsis of the
THaYSN aos = Nea es er 304 Naiades, or Pearly, by Charles Torrey
DUSuUlat Us eee ses eae seas 303 Simpsons am ose easier een eames 501
Sculptimanisiess=ne see Ole Ein cillajaltaica=saesene. =a 225
trianomlarishesssecerestesaee 304 carduelighsn Bese ee fs)
Eupaleemon paucidens --.-..-----.------ 315 IMell pod ages! cee eee 17
EAN OPCUS peewee nae Nee eee es 286, 287 IYO Melfi ull eye ee ee 225
ahr] CANULS eee are 28a ehrineilllaudasordid dessert eae 225
BL UpelMmin soy setae ee ee eae Ges) Spe ria. i avemavestl hoe) on ance ease cemoscesscocce 224
Hupelmus rufescens. -2..---2-. ----.22:.- 353, 304 | Frobisher Bay, geology of ---...--.----- 144
‘ TULUS eo eee eae te ee Gil: || IniaoranertHalls 1B ID 3 55 sso sso ses Boece ose 183
Euphorocera claripennis----.-.---.------ 253 | Fulica americana-------- 43, 46, 62, 65, 66, 69, 75, 87
Eupithecia absynthiata ------..--------- 367 UL Teeter pases apd eres Ses ace Mins eae 46, 65, 69
lariciatajes-. ss262=2s ce enes 56 Aopen | all aie a eee ee eye eee 52
Oblone ata esos nee eee 364 DSH Tb 0G cepa es epee ae eee Pe 45
pimpinellataes=--e-seeessees 364 TaaveW gil Rhee ae ery 5 45
SuUccentuUnIataee see) eee 364 | Fulmarus glacialis glupischa ----..----- 44,
BT PLOCAMUUSICUVACI = ses aaan ae ase eee ane Ut 52, 59, 65, 71, 75, 83
IDRIS “oe aseeces SSeS ee eeeese ees aereaas 30 TOU LETS essa eee 83
labiOStriseas seer ee ae eee 15 rodgersii -... 44,59, 65,71, 73
Ne WeSeCNUS 2225-55522 soee sees by MEUSISpinaniMt atageeses sess eaeee = aeons 151
WAGEN Str See see oS ee ee ees 15,31 TNO DUIS sae a ere hepa her che oe Ao 151, 168
UTE yMeELOPUSH=ss0 eee enn e ese eee AQ Gdns EMU SUS secon cases es oe wen cmon aoe nek 140
DTEVASEe ee eces eae See ee 64, 82, 83 WaT TON Giles eee eee ere oes 140
bAUTUSE Sosa coe cece esas (Bb | (CaCl 523 soa ooo SeaaeseeOossesoosansaesas 2
IBIAPY Tel OO ORY TUS = Soe sanaeesabeaa coos 336, 343, 874 | Galachrysia marchei --...---..-.-------- 25
Schwanrzise: 22-2 -enceres 374.) Galactochrysea marehit 2-222. 222 222. 20
UT SCADUS ee sere see eee eee eee 335,368 | Galeascoptes carolinensis--.------.------ 58, 98
PlabyCerUspesacs saa eae 369 | Gallinago solitaria -..--.--..- ee se 207
Saltator ees one ee ee eee Son Gallinularchloropussssss-eces-eeee teens 65, 236
Proce. N. M. vol. xxii 67
1058 INDEX.
Page. ; Page.
Gallinula chloropus pyrrhorrhoa -.-...- 236. NG ONLOPSISts. 0. Sena eae ee ne eee ee ee 277, 278
hema tOpusy aes eseeee eee 65 Crulenata sees see eee ee * 278
OLIentalige ners - sane aeee ase 65 CRUGMIIWIE) so nscoseconbecase 278
TONAM A NGPA NOEY sy oocoeaonae soln 2800 (AG OnLOSOMA Mil ere ie = eee en 291
Gallusidomesticustern see ees eeeee tee Soe aGaramamnyS1i Geo eee ee ee 163
gallus: Stee ese s ele ee eee 73,89 | Grapside _--.--- Se laste Se ee eee eee 272, 2h
Gammarus soe ee eee eens ee 128 \\ (Grapsuseee fase aie ee aa eee 277, 278
Gane, Henry Stewart, on some Neocene CRuUlentatUS etapa anaes eee 278
corals of United States ......-..----.-- 179, 183 STAPSUSh lA kaos eee eee 21,278
nGanzettaycalzett aan eee eae 237 elites es Nace re ee at es 278
Gastropoda seer aeeie eee 164 Simplexyu sss Sas aus eae cele 279
Gaurax lancifer, new species. ---------- ZOOM LG La Calusicinereusss 2 se === == === aeaeae 247
Gebiashutcattare 222-2 22 eee nee eae S09 Gaustammernicandyes===seeee eae eee 72, 86
Gecanrcinidse 222 eee saeco see eens nud |) (ENE MEH EMO oe ecccmsceot dase Ssaes5 eecsae 46, 86
GeCarcinws) see ae eee oe eee a eee PAG, Ue |) (Envahr ony COMrIER) oo eas cote Socbes Sheses 57
LEECH HOMIE) socoss osanccacsoses 277 | Curhynchas=e= =e saan 51, 96
TUPI Classe as eee ee eae PAC || (Gnvaaaha@) on Keoo) GAIN ALIS s == 6 seas See eee ek 13
Gecinusisquamatuspesss see ees ere eee 212,218 pelle caste lke eee ee 13
Gelasimus cimatodus <2. --- .21.-2-- 2222. Z1On NG. peebos batbabus) 22s esa =e eee 73
IMO TCA A ee See ete ZiGs | CG yRopus|: aes a eee eee 42,79
perlatuses2- hiss yee Se seee 276 STACIISI See eae eer 79, 100
tanger) Sissy Uae aes 276 OV alls). Jes co 22 See ae eee 79, 100
Gelechia Sr eee ee eee 3625 GypsihimalalyenSis-=- ese ese eee 210
gallee-solidaginis-._-_.--.--.--- SOOM ella ol euel 1G Ojval Cl Aree eee 58, 96
galloe-asterella_-..__.-_.------- 366 melanocephalajasssss5== === ese== 51, 96
pseudacaciellays-sseeseeeeseer SOM pela ROlepIS esse eee eee eee 341, 347, 359, 403
Geocichlayhorsfiel dieses seas ee eee 319 cyanea: 2222.2 a aan 404
IMEST ONES hae A eee ee 319 dalmani2222 2eee eee 403, 404
Geometraicalianiagesss: snes een- aeeeeee 364 Nulbilipennist==s22—-==s=s === 403
STU TC evs eae eee een 364 ZOLLCEESte Calas sane 404
STM UMA aes pe eee ae a 364) Habrolepoid cass=sssse> eee anaes 829, 332, 341, 357
Geomyda key aes See eee seeea eee cee 23 Sawa; sj2.62e eee 357
Geomys bursariusesss ss heesseeseeeaas 68,99 | Habrolepopteryx, new genus.---.------ 330, 309
Geomiyzidee sso ee ees eee ee eae 264 pulchripennis ----.-- 359
Geothelphusatasse sees eae eee 2825284 |" Haden sos 352bssoas scone cece aise eee ee 471
IMACTODUS Esa ea eet ee aa 284 clHaractal 2223) 222 eee 469
Geranomyia rufescens ---..-.---.------- 250 diviersicolorses == ese eee 470
Giebelia: sar se eT eos ie Ea ee 41, 64, 79 EPONS a 85. Sys S ae ere 468
iON MOIS) Schoo seeooconece 64, 82, 83, 84 jOCASta, 2. 2.2 L2s eeu seaeeaee eee 414
Glareola;marcheieess—2-= sees eee eee 25 new species --_---------- 470
Glaucotho._.--.------ (AE Lea ee ele eee) 302, 3807 Jewucoscelis! 2... uses oe eee 471
carina tare. ee eee 307 luteocinerea elas eee Al4
Glyphastreca tonbesim snes see neeeseeeee 194, 197 new species ------ 468
sexnadiata esos 25s 194, 197 IMactatas elo 2. ssaseee eee even
Glyptoxatnit busy yee eee one 285, 288 modiea) sos hs sees eee 469
vermiculatus --_..-....-- 288 mustelina 22'.2- 22 ese eee 414
(ENOL Wi es es is meses sea aaa eer ec Se ee dete oe 99 new species -.---.--- 469
(GONDII eo ie ale AG el eat es Uap Se 113 polyodom. 222222522 eee 367
Gioldifuss:7Ava cus eee cs ee ae 182 tapetal_-s2) 2 ee eee 414
Gomphoceras he eens eee eee eeee 172 new species ------------- 467
Gpdhomhoany Sosy ssaocoseesae 173 tela 222.22. 55-2250 52 eee 414
Goniocotes eee eae ean ete eo ces 42, 66 new species..-.----------- 470
burme titi ee eee ae ae 63: Hadenella 2s )-25- 2-62 6 sai See 416
COMPAne ie Soa ey eeeewente ee 665/89)5) Hadirianus eases tees aes eee ee see 21, 22,23
creber ai Sees seal sel sae 66, 89 octonaniusss=-— eee Soe aes 22
GOntOG ese eee UE ea Sie eg nes 42, 66 schuchertia====sehe eee reas 22, 23
COLVINICOLRNIS ses eeee ee eee 67,89 | Heematopus ostralegus ----..-.---------- 60, 73
Cupido eee eae Ve ees RE) | akabone> diese oo aeok ee coco cocoeeescos 183
Glam CORMIS sees ee 67,89 | Hakodate Bay, Japan, new species of
GIS aT eS ep ya eae ake Ne ne 66, 88 Idotea! from ss 3). 32 Sie ee 131
fAalciconni Shee eee ee ee 67,89) |) Halcyon mailimibicassfeesse esses eee 12
mMammillatu stays see 66, 88, 89 malin Ci Spee eee 12
mephitidis--_....-- fee ees 67 fORDCSIe eae eeeees 12
MELLIAM ANUS Se eess eee eee 67,88 torquatus .--.---. 12
OLLY. 21S 355 Sse ss sees cee ee 66, 88 senegalensis-_.-.---.------------ 12
S bry li fie x jose aes ss es oe ae 676890) Halizcetusialibicellaeies 2 sees eee 56
Goniegrapsus simplex ___.._..._...--.-- 278 allbicillay erst cesta settee 212
INDEX. 1059
Page. Page.
ance tus albicillismeesess sense e eee La ep ELO TTC OD iy; US eee een 329
LOUIGOVAOINS saeco scaseseess 211 MCWASeNUS see ae 355
aizatusyralllor cil ayes pea ens 73 Suibaipterticie sees sees 355
leucocephalus_-_-___..-- 48, 56, 63, 73, 90 new species .- 356
leucoraster meanest eee enene 7 ley OR ALS se acser eae Scaebrn coos SasOoBaenae 297
IGWICOIRVDAR, -oo-eSeseSeseeonsss 211 AS CIAtU Sie tees Seen eet 297
OLAS TC US ee eee eee ee Te DEINCE Shes aae eee eee 297
Ted also Uren GUS eee eee eee eee este A@mElerbstiaeryOphora sae see ee eee ee 294
LA Gly StUStee sees eon See] e ke Saeed 125, 126, 127 WIOlACC alee ee eee 294
Ute CUl aye eee seen ae ea 1290 ElermetianllticensSpees-seee a= sees ene ee 250
OCHORACI ALI SH eee ee 129 | Herpestes auropunctatus _....._....-...- 213
Sail pixie ees Ws ee AZOMEVS GET AMAS Say ete epee ee eee tay tes one y ena 105
SUC HIAG RCIA oe weet ecome 125. 129m pEleterarthrellusese see eee 339, 345, 388
new species. .--- 126 australiensis ._......-.- 388, 389
TS UML LENG 55 Sete eee a eer nas a NAL })\ JEG WERRO GAT ths nos oo cmon wseeod Sosseueseose 295, 296
Gracherod ties =e sae aaa 141 mMalGZanniee sae eee 296
from California, a new variety Heteromelesiarbutifolia. 22-2 2222-. 5.22 386
OL a AOS Seer bee ren oa Neh) || IBS NEKO) coaco se daosnslosonus sSencs CON eL EL eu
tll OTS ene eee RN Sau s! 141 Shama So ooosoesoned eee ala 37
var. walallensis__-.-..- 140) | PELMantopUSHun pes es. sereee eee eee "3
Plamataree sas eete eos teen 4s Eling arcorbra hens se meee eee aes 481
TUPESCONS eases a8 Fe weee ae ee 141 quadristigma--..-- hoe guuere ea 414
UDeN Cull ahevee es sees eee 141 | new species...... 480
EDDY SILC Sweet e aey Soc el A Sate 7m EL Gl es GNI eee te Serie eee en eter 183
catenularia var. gracilis______ IG 3330) RE EN oy 0s ees Oa Some nema Oe Lak 300, 301
Catena tamer er ene eee eee 149 Adare byl ae Ee ea ee) Saran 301
Catena tuspe tesa eens 146 CUNIDENS Ssh ua ene AT san eee atte 300
var. gracilis _ 146,151,153 GOrsipeseass=saeeree ars eR 301
BLE SUG1C ce eee ae et eos meneame a EO 53 Scalar: sea bes eae ae iene 301
Harporhynchus ruhuse. 22s es see sees 55, 98 scutellata ee yaa cure ene 300
ElarydayGestructonecsssess=s2 seen ee eee 73 Symmistaysnse See eee ee see 301
Harulaubins\auratus = ses. s ese esse le 247, 248 WEIMONGEE <o cand sacosascuagscassesac 301
madagascariensis__...____- O48e Hippelatesmec sasesec oh oss eae cee eee 265
Hay,O.P., on two new species of tor- PLAWADCS}ciery ek ae Seine 265
toises from the Tertiary of the United | COMVOXUS tana eae mente 263
States meee ee ee are ee eae 21 DU SIOR=Seneee eae ees Haan 265
Hay, W.P.,on two rew species of cray- tener, mew, SPeCleSis=s2- -=—.— _ 265
EGS Pn omeey eter ge yee cy ceca 6h SN Se esp TAL eb yay ay Ole veer Se ae see lS aor epee ee 273, 300
Hebertella bellarugosa_-.-..-........__- i 5 (a pe ELUp DO bOsSCid ce eeeesenees eas ea eenee Soles 269
bellinusoSaje=seee sees ae 150/151, 157 | Hippodamia converges -<:..--2--2----- 378
horealighses eo: MUN ak ies TH NY |b detlsyOWVike\ A ba coc eScoa Sones Goseenacdodacus 313
ET dL po Tehri ee ee 183 macrochelessy-s ese saeeEEapas 312
Heleodytes brunneicapillus. -....______- 77 | mezacheles see eea= eee seas 312
TENS) OY GXO) On ee cc es ae Ser a ee Os || labho OW BGlES osc ssonmasa cbecseoascoseccce I BS
ENT CTS eras Seen Muieay Seeman 255 Ep ponockesculenitamers sssese eee eee 301
ISIN GOING ONG Uae ON eG ee UTS) 4) lebbemiaobhaoles ~-sa secs sstoosos soso suc 17, 35, 227
lanvatatossccancss suena cee TSH, NGG: |i Ie ReebRAVe lO) oa SA bone ocoseneseeqenscaonaceas 228
Marresil —2---- SE Re aetna ae 147 GomesSticaaae=se see eae 51
VEO Me Sis ee eS a MN aa a ae 484 ANT rei ety eeete estes ee ar ere cure nee ra ntuDe HS 35
j ETE TNOD, ois oeGegs Sodcba scceoee 414, 485 PUES CDIS ee eee eae ee eee eee 227
new species....-..._. 484 MUStICA mee sae See ese en aoe 51,78
LESuPGhalisy- essa eens ee 414 UTICA Hee ea ae A eee 51,58
new species _.___- 485 | Holcenecyrtus, new genus.--.-.----.- 339, 346, 394
EVM Olite Spee ne esas ona oo sa keen 149 MIG env tes sede nees eee eee 394
FEU O POLI Geese oon So see cee teseeoe 153m EVO COLh OTA esse es sees aan eee Eeren 394
Velo th id seas es See ae et eee 487 atricollish=s eee ae eee 395
Helminthophila celata lutescens _.....- 57, 97 fUISCICOLIS Heese eee 395
SOrdidayse==seeee 233 Me pti cul ees ee see ee eee 595
Helodromas ochropus.-.-.-.-...--.------ 207 eStACeIMeSsreesessasees eres 395
Helodytes brunneicapillus.-..----....-- OS i ELON GSES Ane acca sae sce Nes Lae 183
Hemeenasius confusus.-..-..--.....----- S14 ETOlOCeM tT Spas ata eee ee eee 2
new species -.-. SIA a MEO Om etODUS eeeeee oer en eee 277, 279
new genus -_--.-. ._-..._. 336,374 elegang2222 ihn te ae 280
Hemencyrtus herbertii .---._-.....-_.-- 374 TO bees tee eee eee 279
new species __- (Om PE OlO PCAs =n a teennaen tsa sete aa eee ene 168
new genus --------.-- 337, 344, 374 amiplacsst oes ee ee eee 168
= a
1060 INDEX. 3
Page. Page.
Holopeajarcticasas=sees ee ae ING | Tsochelesie 5.5.0 02522 52 Seay hie eae 302, 306
new species ..----.----- 151, 168 PRACT SE eee a ee ee ee 306
simitligt Vie ee cee we eae GSS) SOc Oma Sasa ae eee 338, 344, 378
Homalopodays ee st eaieee eee ee eee 341, 404 atriventris, new species ____ 319
EVristartia ee oes Vale uen ima 404 Chiy Sones eee ae eee nee 378
Homa oty Juss eee eee oc Onoo mos sno igi ICEL Y20 sea eee ees 378
bifasciatus ease ae 349 niger, new species -_..--.... 379
lachmigse2ate teers sass 378 : DUNCTICEDSE=== ess === eee 379
ODSCURUS Hee ae Gy25) Cite) || LISS DIS) EME oe a So oot sce bese 151, 174
SHIM SUM ee ee ako ae 318: || olxocin clajias sae tems ener baer enm 243 —
ETRE TINUIT a Sie eee ee 378 | Japan, new species of Idotea from _-_-__-_ 131
Fomo had eniakeeess eee eee eee =e 478 Turbinolid coral from_-_...-_--_- 199, 200
Candida. Aes ee eee 414 | Jasoniades glaucus..-....._.....-..-.--- 367
new species.-_...- 478 | Jones Cape, geology of -_-..._-.....-.-_- 144 |
Homoptera integerrima ___----_.....--- LOT E32. Fete Col ree ae eNO ee Oa Si es cope 70, 95 |
TVVLTN a eee S ROS E y e 101, 102 hyemalish so. 8h eS ee ee 50, 56, 95
$SUAVIOOENEY Soccos eck echo suas 101 One Onset seas eee 70, 95
VOD LODSIS eee eee eee ee 326 Chua; be wis eee 50, 95
Horizocerusihantlaulbie. 2) ose e-se eee 29 | Kellogg, Vernon L., on biting lice taken
TARY RSIS HS oe Seem ooadeace 28 from birds and mammals of North
IE OY OINOWOM NE us Sa eG Eee SE SBECeRoE OSeEeS 166 JAmenicats: 2h oe ses Fees ae 39
HET OTF SO; Seer tn ee i en Ee a 99k TOTS: Sek css eae © ee oe ae ae ere ee 388
FTO Wan diaer tes 2k Rew tn aaa ate ge eager Mee ee 332,361 | Kishinouye, K., on a new species of
peckhamivaSeses. sane eee 361 Stallilediam’e dhs.) cesses iars ve een 125
Howardiella se. ceee week se oies Weeae Soe OO Led| a Kal COG CT aye ee ene eter eee 151,173
peck haniieees see ase aa ees Sols Ss Kokentarcostallisam=s2 seen sea 151, 164
Hydrellia gilvipes, new species._-.._--- 261 5 Krause lla esa tias coat se Seer eee ee eenenl olen
Fiyilecocheliy smi s eee aan toe ee eee 24 ebachnusiaus tral sie sas. 2 5 so ae 378
Hylocichla aonalaschkee --....-..-.--.-- 234 | Leemobothrium-...-..----- we Saeee cee 42, 69
iymenoptendns secs seni ae eee eee oer 833 | atrum so eee 69, 87
Hyperalonia servillei -..........-.--.--. 251 giganibe unis eee 69, 90
Joby cloyedzer Nie eee ae rt SR eo re ge ae 107 | hasticepSe=ssese eee 69
Etsy, WO S'S OG Crem apes ere 107 Similise=eee ses ae eee 69, 80
Eby pose ll ase as All eas Wn ura oes 10%) Lagopusiacopusieee e-eesse see ee ee 63, 66, 75, 88
Hyponomeuta cognatella .-....---.-.--. 395 ||“Lambrusic) 22452 ee 295
eyoyniell a anaes 895 bicarinabuses= === 295, 296
padelllavee sce ste ee 395 mMacr“ocheleses=sss= === 295
Hypostena vanderwulpii.__.-..__-___-- 254 | mMaAcrocheloswe eles ene 295
Ey potriorchis)zoniventris= =e eee 238 Massena wetee Ao ae eee 295
Hiv pSipetesn-ssa" =e ee eee eee 243 var. atlantica _-.-.... 295
madagascariensis ......-.-- 243 var. atlanticus -.----. 295
PSATOIdes 2a. seen e eee 243 var. goreensis -.-..-- 295
TGV) A ha EE a 236 TaOeXO NEKO AWAKEN poses moos Gono 295
TSG TS FEU UN ea As SRE eee Dele in) ie 46 | Laniarius multicolor_---__-.- ATE aN ee 36
Fal ChnelLUSpe ese see see ea ee eee 46 Ussher oo. Ce 18, 19
TE] STOSA Le Skies aa ee area 465\Waniid ess sao ae es eee eee OM ORIG
NceryaypUnChaci Meeme esate cannon menyenen 3045 || Sanioperca; Mord axes eee eee ae 118, 116
TOS Coe ee Bi ola Pk ra Rae ees Stl]: IDE WaRRbIG) loYoHREE MIS ee ee 51, 9%
Technenmontaitni Colliceets sean eee ne 395 CULVALOSLLIS 22ee se ee eee 247
Teteria virens longicauda .-.--_.-..-.... 57,98 forficabl Sheree eee eee 247
MCTHENA DIS) [DYE KoKe) Fas Se ee SO LO ludovicianus anthonyi---------- 233
allo ula eek eae soe se magick aehe es 78,94 | excubitorides--___- 51,97
TO Peas eae EEC aa eae Aas OE Na peered 131 | samibelia=ss eee 51,57, 97
J ApONI Cag eee ee ees Baa Cis Sag 183, 134 | madagascariensis--------.--.--- 247
new species -...-..---.- 132))| arid ses: Ss se Oe ee eee * 205
OChHOteENSI Se eee eonen ea eee ASTI AI84 yards) see eee ee eee 44,58, 72, 82
THEO IMT ASEH Ca ee NC 131 argentatus smithsonianus ... 44,52, 53, 81
TTaySpINOS ayes See oe ren bared are 299 || brachymbhynechulsee ess. sss= anaes 44, 53, 82
[llconusiamenicantiste= ess one eee 174 | brunneicephalus.--.--------------- 205
crassicauda americanus. ..-_--. 151,174 Californicugtess= sees se = aaa 53, 81
lytheastiavipesses=seee- ase emeue mace 260 CALUS) 222 Ai ee ee ae 44, 538, 82
OSCIGANIS Aa eas ea ees Nie 260 cirrocephalus sss se ee eee 44
Insects from-Porto-Rico -2 2222222 249 CLaSSIVOStTiSie see ee eee 53
Ischadites iowaensis -.......-.._-.-_---. 151,153 delawarensis.....-....-------- 44, 53, 75, 82
TOW.CDSI Sys s oe aoe eae 153 GominicantS sess es cesses ae ae
Ischnocenasceseaeea essen em eens 41,43 fuscus hose ae Oe ha Sac eee 47
INDEX. 1061
Page. | Page.
Larus glaucescens.-...-.--.------- GUL SEL Yipes (hoy sue ||) Aball oyeaw thls ee as 9 ee Se ie es 293, 294
SIAUCUS Seer e seer ae reese as 44,53, 81 GiStinc taseye sees eeee eee 294
Neermanigess-s25. ssece ee nooks Snes 53 iat lao hE Sei Se es 294
NCEP ITA ee eeenen aaa es 44, 53, 72, 82 iri fle Gare eS ie Be ieee ees 294
iChibhyeetosassem ee seat ae eee 53 ahora O1d Cassese aes een eee 294
INVES eee oe a ee eaten ate 72,81 | Lice, biting, taken from birds and mam-
OCCIG emibaliSe see esa es 44,53, 81 mals of North America.-._-..-....._. 39
jolmllleyolelholowey Seas Boe ea ube: || IbakelacinoertaGks —Loio S555 ee 155
TIGIMAMEISOMM =o) sossoae ose cbeoene GG | TORI MOCTMNUTS. jo55 sacs eset ace eo ede = 155
PIGM OUNNCWIS Sod aoosegeeseceesess 44,53, 206 atiniss eee eee s Se en 151, 155
HIGGINS oe ode oaseea assess 034) aichtensia koebelei==---a-5.-.--.------- 387, 392
VER ES etre wise Se tse er Meee S 44700, ole | doimmnecaicapenataines 2 peeee en es ca ae 135
Watwxamilanvarlietabalsss9-)o--55 oes 258 GESICIOS aa eee 136
Weanderledwardsil-¢2:2.----)--22--- === ble emanr cine tase eee eee eee 135, 136
MCAT eee Se he ena py eee eee 359, 360, palustris esse tee eee ee ee 135
362, 384, 385, 386, 387, 389, 393, 400, 401, 404 | Limnophora arcuata __._.--.---.-------- 256
ACC Saar eee ee eee ee Gia) |p aban I(SCKOR) eens KosGe us SseBeereeekse 55, 87
COSC UN ease Ae SSeS eee 390 ngemasticaseeete enemies 76, 87
COTA IRee eee eee oN eee nee 360, 393 Me laNWraeeietees esse ease eee 73
hemisphaericum ---.-.---. ---- 249 TUL areas e ee aaa nase ce eae ae 73
hesperidmm= sees sees SU atoeh SNL Ib DaboaVaspbalshs = sho ao4 So ouee Sebese weaabeesnees 269
CES INTs een eeeeeee Seen 393 LOMEIN ATI Spee se see 3 See 269
Olere i eae sesso ees 387 Inbiesiot ops oe ee ee eee eee 269
MIAMI s cos sesoceones faecoe 386 VOM Ali ChISesE ea eee ae eee eke 269
DIPCHIS meee c ees ase Sees SO Ge He Taira rel apy ne eaten a eras ei ee ea ene 226
OF Oa a Se Ge ee 393 IDAENALROS IONS She bseeaosesonced 226
QUERCUS ase te ase see 390 Diysmleea ees ee aes 226
TAGCCIMOS UM eee cee eae aee ee Sik | IaboyernU eine oS 149
be OUIMIN ATI Asana sees sisseaaeesaslon ee OSE ein otaie ss Ceaser ae aes Oeics Oe eee 226
Leiolophus planissimus--...-..--..----- 281 DY: See anes ee NSE Mey eee 226
STO TOUS eee a te ee SS ER a cote 220M PEO CAR GINS Emenee seer seer ee aa 289, 292
Weperditiajaltajecs-s-—--525-22ose-2 oo. 150 COLTU SATUS see eee ee 292
Ganadensiss ss sse esses eens 150 puUsillusiee= se eee eae 292
Lepteena unicostata-.--.--- eR RET a US) ol EAMES) oe eS 326, 333, 842, 362, 363
Weptocyabausses tana see eee eee 202 (OOF ROWE Sy eae Soe ea ee 362
lesan Seeee aes enee selerletele ZO 2EN a OSD inaiseet eres a eer teers tents aan 166
Stim pSOniyess ee aaa 202 AM CHICA Ae ee seyer eee ee aes 151, 165
Hep tociu Seen se sete Se ee Cue eee 286, 287 ancula tases ie aot cs surest 166
GON ViGXUSi =e senor ease 287 EN FENN ies eee ea ee ee 166
TOWANCURNIUS) Sodas aees Stee SeoeS 287 mun dula se sss Ses eens 166
Leptograpsus rugulosus --._.----------- ZB mulotheid reales eee asset eee ees aes 69
Jheptomastix---..-.-------------- Geel Gai sereh aie) || IA NoNdth-< <2 04 Soon e Gat cod eSacoaoaseesoosO ddd
Gactylopilet=- 222s see 353 olaphyrarceeece = = eee e sees 363
NS GTA Ope eee yer Se 353 melanocera, new species---- 363
MERE VOLE) scocose seSseo sess Sle Mn ipe wl U Sie yaa wea eee nee emer ese aremee LON OO
Leptopodia sagittaria _.-....-----.--.--- 293 bacuil sya see ee aes seer eees 63, 89
Mestrisicrespictabusss-2ose=-ssssss sees 44 bias Gla tusmee esse esse see ee 61, 84
CRESPIG ata aso ee ee 53 TN, @ ea ToT Tes ene ea en Cale 62, 86
parasiticus ------.--- a See Re 47 COLE Teen eae at eee ee ceaee 59, 83
DOMARINUSpases esses eee See 44,47 GON GINS Eee se ee eee 59, 82
TACHA SOMI i= see ee ee eee 53 CoMmfiGenSeeeee eee. eee eee seeene 59, 82
TEAS RONEN ATT COnStrictuseeeee see =e ne 62, 85
2D] lo Lp Chale ee ne 367 COLMA Seip ae eee eee 50, 64, 93
WAR ORINCWE) Cong asesemsecessocess 480 GeNSUS Fes aeae saree cue mneme ne 59, 82
VOMITING) So aaa secccace ses eo gates 414 Giomedecaeyt esse see eee 59
new species__--...--- 480 GETS aa TIN See ree eee 62,88
Weweopisibe laps te sen sae een e eee 269 GiviersusPs eee eee eas 59, 82, 83, 84
TPE NUI GLOSS FE Ss hee ete 298, 299 docophoroid es sss sence. 63, 88
Sh OMOVOSE NS SeoesaemencosoaanR Crore 299 var. californi-
WIE TICOS] Ocoee ee eee see een een 273, 298 CUS ee 88
MCUCOStICtelAnCLOAee an an seas ee reean aces 225 elon gatusee skeen eeeeeeeen 64
lbnanGtivase. see es seme 225 faralloniessee = eee 60, 80, 84
ev paliterwess= Aas ays oo es see SSeS 202 SEG OP Se eer oes ears eae 59, 82, 83
MO WA CTU S28 ee eee 200, 203 forticulabusmese see eee 61, 84
orientalis, new species ----- 201, 203 Luli sin OS SB see eee see 60, 83
' Liberia, birds collected by R. P. Currie Sraciliconmisissesesseeeeeneeeee 61, 84
SU A eset Rt he i ee gE 25 gracilis...... BsoseSaeee es sueese 64
1062 INDEX.
Page Page.
Lipeurus heterographus-----------.---- 63,89 | Lophortyx californicus vallicola -.---.. 229
TAVUIOANHOIS) -occcee cooseseeoese 62, 87,88 | Lophospira bowdeni .-_._-------_--_____ 166
THANMAOYO HPCE s sococinee Socococoos 63, 89 fhillmoTensis===seeseee eee 165
JO] UMS reece see eee eee 62, 86 Spinjoneniape==s==s =e = seas 151, 165
acwla tush eee eee 59,81,83 | Lophotibis cristata___.._.- al geo alae aR 235, 236
LEWCOD VES ae ee eee eee 62 Ghistabuis! ce say eles yells 236
fasClataesseeeseaae 86 | Lophoxanthus sexdentatus___.-.______- 287
Limitatwss es eee ae eats 60, 83,84 | Lophozozymus sexdentatus ---_._-_--.- 287
IIGMGH COMMIS) oos6 sosnos eseo ses GOLS4) |e onicattayesse ssa eee ee en ees 274, 309
lonledpp ils ieeee een eae 62,87 | Lower Siam, three new birds from __-_- 319
AIG Sess Da ee a EE, 62,87 | Lower Silurian (Trenton), fauna of Baf-
TONE ORMREYROT osc ceadosooaeuedS 64, 91 fir [rennet ee eee eee 143
macrocephalusiass-s-=-es eee" C4592 Ox arcu OSG Ra sae see 50
enplexU See ease sees e eee 63, 88, 89 MNOS Se sebsoocscense 50, 94
HOULUENEIS 2 sooo ncscbboo coases 62, 87 CHA uawPbOe soccosssenroosne adecases 224
polytrapeziusss- esses eee eee Od, 109 madagascariensis --..---.--- ---- 246
PLOLCTAVUS See ete eee GB3.88 i] Ts Oye IN pc ee 422
sol east Seer ree ste ee mera GO;S4 i Mau ciliaicsesa ase sea eee 255, 256
DUStUl abuse eee a3 )etS OMA Pea Lb Gy 1b Koheroa ee wonce 2
RINOCERARE oi oSsobedesecoss bese G4 Mea dar cise ae sea eee 52, 71,80
SOANNONTS cectine = cosdoceossees GID | Iwo INNA, ooo cos ceecas oreete con occ ck 200
Subansusticepsess—s eee e a= 60, 84 Spinimosal- sees 3 ae eee 289
EP RUB AD NSIIG OI eth te EN Se els 64 | Luperina ---...-- Vie a OSES Ree ee 476
EOMAY OMANI) 5 ec Scecoa bead Sece Gil lL eM © Se a earns acs ee ea eo 182
TOStAC EUS eens ela thee cee eas GORS8 yh Tivellda: ewe ey cee eh 175
TOROCATOS Ieee acne == eee 61, 84 afiimist ss. at se ee 151, 153
Vala piligy sense ree epee 682897. | Mach aes 22) eee eee 108
varius-.---- gr eth ns Metres a ae oO; 83r || Machsera: isan. es oe ee 108
BAS pape Utitiloia li Seems ee aye eee 256 Costata ssl seks Ses eee eee 109
ETISC OTS Psy es NADES Cols rast GaN 107 Tweidiay ee eee oe eee 110
hitajalsinella) sess ss ae Ee ane eae 364 Mitida ease Be ee ee eee 108
Lithocolletis alniella _._._-...---.---.--- 305) |p Machetas pulenaxae see eee eee eee eee 47,74
camplanellalessesecnsscee 395): Maclurea: a. 25 2028. ses e eee eee eee 147
Cramerelllays sees eee 395 arcticatia.sehn ss eee ee 147
POpUlitoMellase ss esses 395 GNaSsa Hoo) aes ee ees ae 151, 167
GQUWeSEC LOL ell aeearene nes 395 Toga miso 25 250) eye ise enemy 147
Lithodendron flexuosum.._.._..-_------ 188 Saale he ays Reaee merce EEN oe 146, 147, 149
IGRI. oSocdokecsoo meee UWS |) Wievelhbwaieles poss condos cose Sao Ssososcco 166
Lithodendrum lineatum----.------.---- LSS 9701 Maclin als sae aise ee ee eee ea 147
1 ihivoraokrisi nb canbe a oe eee io Se Sie 334, 363 cuneatas: 3255. eee 151, 167
ae DL aS Maes eee ee seta 363 manitobensis -.-.----- 146, 149, 151, L66
BUTI COS See ea eee eas 363) |e Macrochelesy a2 oases ete ee ane 312
Chalconotu seer ee es eee 3630 |e Macroclemimyseerses esac eee eee 24
GiverSiCOrmishes ses seeseesae 364. Macropodiajss eee ee seen eee ene 293
fil CORT Sena eee 364 rostrata,::20 5552202 eee 293
flagellanisis a: aes ae aes 364 Spinvilosaz==== === 293
EUSCISCUAIM arse tee ese eee 364 TLOStratus| sess eee eee 293
Fee aad Lp CaN MNES eae Sia TU I 364 | Macrorhamphus griseus .-.------------- 73
IER BDEROMNS Sst Ooeoseneesoccos 364," Macrura:<2 25 cas Oe as sce eee Seen 273, 300
Dhaleenaruime secs sae 360") Madagascar sbirds)tromee= sce se seeeaes 235
Stays aCe eke ang er ay pe 365 | Madrepora palmata--_---......-.---. 179,185, 197
URC OIENENS Boe e te ode coke 365 TUS OSA isos eee eee 182
PRUNCA LEIS ee sere eee es 36) Mad reporanl asset Hees aE esee Crete eee 154, 184
bruncatulassers== see eee 365 apOLOSA sees eee ee eee 184
FULTS Ur hr See ee es enc 365 | Maiidz___... Peeps ee mee are oe 272, 293
Hoblopteraindecorap assesses eee 268) 4) Malimibus bartletti@essaessee sere aee eae Bi)
TH(O) D(oy rete Sees cries eee S whe A eS a AY 2 mialim|bicusi=s==eeeeee= eens 17
Moncheeaplone-1c oral Sener ees en 258 milo ricollisness=ss = = ee ae 35
MON CHO CETUS ae ease ao ee eee ee see 325, 335, 368 bartletti 22-2----- 35
TIONS Gal] OW ieee eee Ga ae a 182 Scutatuse=. 2.2525 eee eee 34
Lophoceros fasciatus..-.--..--.-----.-.- 12\3|\ Mallophagalis 255553 nee eee 39, 43
InP ONS Bs ke oeso secs 29) alee Meare Sits ee eae aap 463, 468
Semifasciatuses-sssssees-= 28 adjunctasle.22 SJ. seashore 465
Lopholatiluss2 a tives erate una 2) bolter is) 250252 thos Sane 414
Hophopanopeusisa a2 s nessa ele aa aan 286, 287 new species ..---.---- 463
sexdentatus ___.-__.... 287 chartariay eee 466
Lophophorus refulgens-_......---------- 209 detractay. e232 fn ee 462
INDEX. 1063
Page. Page.
Mamestra dilatataeyes see -=sc eee ase ce 414 | Menopon interruptus -__---------.--...- Wh 9)33
new species.-.------- 464 PECAN OIG) Se tos coca eee eses 75, 82
fl oe Cl eae ere see ears eel Ces 414 longicephalumet sss 4s ees 77, 89
new species.---.------ 465 VOOMIS TIPE see = seen eee esee ae ONGo
Festa EW afc ees 24 Sat pgp ea Se 463, 467 IMses UM ee he eae eee 95
aC ENE) eecerm tees Sea ste 414 mialloushs "ese Seema eee 78, 97,98
new species. -------- 467 META OUI ee ers ae 78, 96
ObSCUMAKe 2 ees Reh eases 462 INES OLE Cues ee ee 78
Gluwadra tarts Sees eee 462 var.americanum. 78,93
TAIVANENE, 6545 hos booosososcene 414 ACTH, sa colosoeeeas seen edesee 78
new species _------- 462 MONOSLOsChuIMeE = == ena eee 77,89
TREATED RE a cess Oe eee 467 TONEY /AN TEINS) eye ee aa a 75, 82
TOSCOSUM USA ae eee eee 414 TOUUON ETHOS UND oe o aGeene tore eeen- 75, 83
new species ---- 466 PAllESCeNS Wise Se eee a 76, 88
SSMENVORNE oO oo goncosco sete 414 Ho MUB OTD ANE ec aN 77, 89
new species------.-- 461 TOR NEUEN cece toscescensescone | (la GB
ViatiOlataree seme ses ae eee os 465 PeLSlS na CUM ee ele ee 17,93
aval CLTa Almere c eerneeee Came en 467 TOXSHDE EH NSLS es A ce Oe 75,83
HKG era She oo5 sees Sone sass 464 PLECCULSOR! ee ea ees 17, 92
SViet aliens sve gl ies Bee ea 414 TORUS UHoN eS ck R 78,98
new species .----.---- 464 TOOTHED so oce tase uease ase .- 719,98
Mani cinamennns ses ass. cee. sete eau ie 192 TPUISEKCWNINS pedcasbsoccadooeces Mey Ols
ATCOla tame sates see eee ene ae 193 Sbriart wines aaa eee oe eee a 76, 88
(OUIOCENI CA Besa see se aaa anes 192, 197 titans ss = cae eee alee fees 75
Manecanpenclopersseas 225 seescet ee. eee 45 Weve WOMB obs sess coe 75, 76, 84
Margaroperdix madagarensis ---------- 238 var. incompositum -_____ 76, S4
madagascariensis -_---- 238 Velen line air Seea ae eee 75, 76, 84
Maskeliligzonatalsescsen sce ane eaten oe dod tridensiepses s+ scene eee 75, 80, 86, 87
Matutidcee asso fetes cece e tc aseeime acco a) 213, 297 var. insolens ____- .__- 75, 80, 82
Meduse, new species cf stalked .-.._.-- 25 var. pacificum _-___._- 75, 80, 87
VEC kasha euetere= Beko Seok Se ee ee 183 AVE N OST OPN eee a A Oe 15
WMeralopyce) kavtigile=ssss eases eee. oee 25 3h Mie pints seas oss =a eee pee 67
Melanerpes carolinus _.--------.-------. 56,92 TAD) NOVICE i Sociooacs doee ca ec ease 68, 100
formicivorous angustif- Merganser serrator --.---__-_---- 45, 61, 70, 71, 85
THOUS 4 Sante seeeseadas conse | eOsGil IP MiterPeihs) ellos So Scossecacoseon ees snes 45, 71
formicivorous bairdii------ 49,91 TOOSIREE NOES oye ae ae oocdseoeeee 45, 61, 65
WHRO OSAMU oe deo cesedeseS 77, 92 SOUTALOT aetane Sh ae aia aee eee ee 70
Wialeninscacs ue Se eee CORO 2 ae Miei Omi 7alne ae er ee eee aoe 349
Melani ocr aman See en ee eee eee 2 americanayse esos eee ates 350
Meleagris gallopavo--.-------------- GSS Olaiie OO Vier. OMY; 7 O DIA esas eee a= aes 329) 355
Meliclep imal ase see Ce eee 484, 487 amen canojeepe === eases 349
Melinihiacd deta seo. ee ae saeco 246 bikasclatawessos saa nen ser 349
Melittophagus gularis_-.-....-.----.---- 28 flava, new species __.____- 350
Melospiza fasciata heermanni ..-_------ 95 EACH OO) waccesosacsconte 350
samuelis_.....-.. 51,74, 78, 95 MACMIMe NIN Sasso ee eee 350
litaKeKo) hopb yee eee ae eee 232 new genus---.-..-...- 328, 331, 349
melodia clementz ________.-- 232 unifasciata, new species- 350
JiesaaOhie) DOUENES ons peSoneonScadesenasse hee Mero pic aa yen ss Uae aa sa oee oops seers ne 20
IM Op OMe eee AA Ie ha no eeiek ioe AZS ale Vero psiuloicollliSwieseee sae ease eer 20
aumifascia tum 22. oon eee 76, 84 AUT BITS ee ee ere es shall aed 28
loner ube Seeho secs cacao sHecs RAS OM ee Tl apenas ee eee wae ee ree TOFS)
Ccarduclistss22 2 seieas poets 78, 94 IMM OLA LOL ae ae ase ee eee OL OOOO
consaneuineum sees eee 76,84 | Mesogramma arcifera._._.-._--2-.------ 203
CLASSI PCS Me eee are eee 78, 94 Hacinid OSayees see ee ees 253
CROC AT TUIMINES ees eee stann ers 76, 87 Suibanmiull a tases eee 253
deconatumse=se ease ee nee eee ASO le MesogTaptarcuprinac seat. =e n=s =a 253
Gissimil@s S25 seeee Sa eee 78,96 DOM bale SN ees Bee eas 398
Ghisietavermbbaay oe os eoacoossocnesuc 77,92 | Mesopicos xantholophus ---------------- 18
GUS bin CUS mea ses eee OSM Miesoploutayseee tsa seater a saees eee 112
ESS) UT SUL eee ere er 78,93 | Mesoplodon stejnegeri-_----.------------ 125
Lul\yostascla cura esse see eee eeou Metacrapsus: Curvatuse2s sce enos eee 281
var. minor __- Wiel VG GALL OM porsres seksi ae rene 326, 342, 347, 407
TUMORS UTR: seen as ake eye 17, 94 ACACAlISi Saver eter re eens ep eee 407
fusco-marginatus -----.---.--- 79,99 EA DRIKELS) OF ree I PRESS, 407
THOSE PNA, oo eee oowsS Saa5KR 79, 94, 95, 98 COCCOISE eae oe ee 407
TAOS A HORAN Senseo sooseceos os 76, 87 Ae bilishees esas Bows a eee 407
INfrequenss=ss-asesseesoe sees 75, 81, 82 fUSCItATSIS sss. e none aioe ee 407
1064
INDEX.
Page. Page.
Me taillonmimbise ais See ney eee een ae 407 | Montifringilla sordida -_......._-.-_-__. 225
HEStACCOUSSs patee eee 407 | Montlivaultia guesdesii__-.._...______.. 186, 197
MetoposrapSus= sneer pee MoO VO ba CHlllevellilo Ol Cle cease =a eam 222
MIeSSORUE S20 see eee eae 278 Al AVA OMI Ta Speen are een 243
Micropezaylimibaita) 2225 sees eee 257 LO GIE;S Onn eee ee eee 222
MACROPeZIGEe Ae 2 Se Qe ania yee 257 madagascariensis ____.__.-___ 244
IMICr Op isa sre wate ea eee alos 293, 294 maderaspatana ._._.....---.-- 246
DO CA Re Tee as eee see es ee 294 OFAN Ss 44222) 2 ii ee Ey 223
GAVOVON ONE Ue ee ee 294 sibillaiaics- Ee A ea eee 245
Vil aCe ae sayces Sat eee eee 294 WAU alas io Seether pee 30
IMicrotarsusseee oe ee ea er ee mkiaa wee IRS |e WuMoytevenb hicleeye ayes eee ee See 30, 243
MIMCHOWKIATEY So aosesaseeacees 339, 346, 383, 389,590 | Moths of the Family Noctuide, A Hun-
apicalishs sees eee 384 dred New, by John B. Smith_ 413
WA PREDIS caaoe seeeos be Saoece 396 of the genus Campometra, new
bolus@esee: Te ae et sees 393 *: Si SPSCIES"OL ss ae oe sn see ee 101
ibrewlconnisi 525 seese sees 396!) Mirae he Se Se et eee 3, 4,5
chalcostomus: -=------:----- 390 cephalus 2.035 eee eee 7,10
cincticornis, new species -- 390 Osteologysot= sees = seenaee 5
cyanocephalus......-------- 30s Maugilidas. See ' Se eee eee 1
GSW OMNIS) Sagas cece cose seateeee B94 ChE ITOSIS Ole cnascacocnasescbes 2
LASCIP CIS eee eeees eee 391 | Murchisonia gracilis -_..-.-.-.---.------ 149
PAY eiyatlS Baers es =o ieee ors See dol eMuireanitiaihistrionica ==. sss =ssse= 382
GUS CI COMMIS seep ee se see ee ; O04) ||) Mis pat GUS Seen seem e eee a= eee 212, 213
PaStrOM assess ee 391 | Musca domestica .-....----- ee ee 256
aN RASUS ss4= == eae ee ool Muscica pare 2as8 35 352 lsc has meee eee 245
INGELPUN CLUS =a == =e 391 Cinered) sss neo s eee 247
lichtensitesesee- = eee 392 cristaital 3 ee eee 16
Hamar tus cee See es a ees 392 fraserl 2: +2 Se ee ee 16
marginatus, new species. --- 392 madagascariensis ---.--..__- 243
melanaclswes=4 sean eee 397 mu tatacss sates see 245
Matra tS ese eee ee 367 Bgl (laksa meg Ne irs IE 16
WNONGNNOIS, 5 Sapccs suse oseses Soe a PAVIUISCI Ca DIC cosese ses see 16, 31, 245
ORUNCUHONS oessoccoscsas se es 888! MhaScidiea 22 Sank SNe late eye liae ee ees 256
SOriGEUS Rai sees coerce 390) |; Muscina tripunctatas2sso2-45— eee eee 256
SWC CORA Ha sosebGoace coos Sue) | Muscipeta sae Babee si ioe se ae ie eee enue 245
Sublest us ses etie e oe eee B9ah e MUSCiViOTal ne S1aeasee sen eee see eee 245
SVP Va US eee urbe isc plate ee 3930) Minds Opp lnlalga Gl oe eer ene at
tachamdiigos see eee anes 393 | Mussels, Synopsis of the Naiades, or
tessellatus) 22652222 390, 393 Pearly Fresh-water, by Charles Tor-
tiUliaTis seein e ie eae eile 367- rey Simpsons ss see 501
NibUbS aI oh nels lel esos ee ees Cot 183) Pp Miy aiarenariaasevers ose ese eee 140
VET Walt Sy Sa iy A eae Sr eee SY 55,77 | Myiarchus cinerascens.-.------- 49, 50, 51,57, 77, 92
SO VAI Cae a teen oe eee ail I AANAVEM 253 — 49, 92
NE Palisn ersee Sa ce see Sie ee ae 103) |) DUR Woxeesezy eb G ENO VLIS See eee 254
Mimus polyeclottosissssse= ees 250MM icy Sia pp Ul abe ae ee ee 378
White Segeoe See ace ere ee es ats ae 325, 330, 342,368 | Mytilaspis citricola ...._---.-__.-.-..._- 386
JON PIpPeNNISp esses ee ee oe 404 clover Soe 2 eae 411
MACTOCCLA Reese aaa ene 24, 368, 369 pOMAaGUMy esse » 401
TN CORA ie eee ae eee araoee eeee 3868 | Naiades, or Pearly Fresh-water Mus-
Saltatoneete os Se ee eee aL e 369 sels, Synopsis of the, by Charles
Miratrash ova peaee see eee sean See 242 MboraReny (Sibady SNOW Gas Soesne coaccs esse 501
MBH ANI OOW Dc onosauaasnccneccocSoaca Gace 242 | Narthecophora, new genus-.....- eee f 485
MANIC ee ee eee ee eee eee 333, 362 DulVvercaeeeeeeseeeeae 414
Modiolodon arctica, new species. .---.-- 151 new species. 486
ALCLICUS Sates eee ee 177 | Nectarinia chloropygia -------.--------- 34
new species. ---...- 161 Cy anolesma eases ae eee 34
oatulls 2: Se See eee 161, 162 hnypodilus asses eee 33
Modiolopsid cet ser aie enere semen eee 161 ° obscuran 222255 see 17
Wikoxebkoy oy osteo aes 1625\INectariniid ce see es see eee 16, 32, 246
arguta .-... pete nmreantes Sh Saas 162 | Nelicurvius nelicourvi---..-.------------ 246
Obsoletaysseaenes eee 162 | Neocene corals of United States-------- 179
SPM] S) Se ee cee 162 | Neodrepanis coruscans --_--------------- 246
Molothrustate reassess ae nye eee 50;94-)" Neomeenis: 42222255 ee eee 2
Montiel aien re sist mee eae abe oe 222 | Neosocia bengalensis_:...._-....-.------ 216
SAK VTL T Spe eae eae a eae 222 | Neosphyreena multiradiata--___....--.-- 113, 116
Montifrineillajadamsi-es- 222 6 see 225 | Nepticula splendidissimella --...------- 395
altaica cs. eee 225i Niep bu nus ss ose eco ee see ea 289
INDEX. 1065
Page. Page.
INepiMUSammicolay=s-se-s == ea ZOOS ZO lel PeNEM US PIC tUMAbUS eee sane e ee ne aan 57, 94
GHEKEEAMNA NES) aol 290, 291 DilCUSE Meee ees oot Rua eee es 54
Coijand Sites eae newer arse 290 TORSO) ee meek Sesto Beene aes 53, 82
INS CUAlISES a= a= eee ee 290 DUNC ALU eee eee een 53, 81, 82
TNA AS 5 oa55 Koes kesoso 291 TOL UUN CEN AUIS S55 osecesc eee sese 57,93
var. truncata__-- 291 SOCONC ATS pee eels eames 57,93
oyaulbico hiusyes Sees sees a ee 290 Sigma tus gees aaee eal sewn 54, 87
pvt US eee Serene oe Bere 289 Stina ley: < leet ue aon wae 58, 99
Nesilletsaiypl Caves tees eoee 244 Snoderassije. eee sean pas 2
IN(SNMON FOUN TAR ADNAN Saas oe 236 SPLeGhi chu Sweeps oa enn 56, 90
Newtonia amphichroa .....-.-..-_-__--- 245 CHOEACICUS Hees eeae re es) uel wane 57,95
lprunmelcaudalasese earn sane 245 HMRI S UMHS sesso ese5 Geocl = 53, 81
Inari Gre Clloventsy Aah Se ea es 18 UN ENOIMUNS) os Cet oonnceoceosoese 56, 92
NG oasibamol CO] OT tee sae ee eee 35 VATS SG US Pe ee ea eer E sal p 57, 94
INaleushyicilan spss eae iene 151,173 vulgatus .... 56,92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99
ISTE Ereani S25 2 ae ee a en ee a CSG) |) NMAC VEY 22 eA Soe se ye he 42,71
MSP UHOWWIS =p Sosa mcseesaedeeonons — HHS duibitis 22S oe eee 71, 92
Aouoolouilnes eevee ee 54, 87 SUIT CATE See ey at een wee veer 71,92
EVO) ORD IS en ee BESO Ie | RENO brad S Peeks cesar a Ik ieres eae ee 326, 377
FEN DUGUD Se Ane hee ee Seer she tae ay SUE FOS} |) INOCHUEoSINKeNCNbI oe 451
oboe pln Smee ae ie ee 55, 88 MISCIPElII SHC e Psa meee Maen nee 423
onal hiysh Mona xence ee eee 58, 97 DyRophiloidies=es sees ae 464
CAINGWIGIR 65550 Gsh2ce aaa aosose 56, 91,92 | Noctuidee,a hundred new moths of the
CLERIMUS Eee elses te ee eee 52,80, 91 family, by John B: Smith___-____-__._ 413
Complexciv See ee ee 54,87 | Nocturnal moths, new species of __...- 101
COLCA See peers ene ee ue 55,87 | North America, biting lice taken from
Gy clothoraxee= sees a een 94806 birdsfandsmamnmnall stores seas ee 39
discocephalus __....___.. Seen 56 | Notiphila virgata, new species __._____- 259
INvaieR. rnoly Ss 22% 1G, GO. || WiOwereullbioe, asst ess ka 111,112
AUCs esse eas eee ee 57,93 SANS Chi Case eee a ere 111
GUStISIMUS) 5-2. nee ee ee GOD || NC wUNICES con. Sacco Sacco sanso eases eaee 160
Hel nRapste Osi aaron eect lacs oe de. Boeo2el MeN UM enimsaT qua tapes] eee ee eee 76
LOC EAL US seems een eee 56,91 CHACIUERHUIS Ssac55 socusoseces sone 47
PISSUGIs set eeyio wire eeM ee een 54 lOneirOStrishe=ses see 47,88
SV 25] © Toe ee eee BL eye |) INCWEEY TORY oe ee ee tesa kee asee a
LOD CMU Sie See et eset 57, 92, 93, 97, 98 TLV CU CE Maye wirar nosee ee een Se hee 48, 91
TOA IS) as esau as aoe a a dt O Stall me NGYiC.Le Te1!l0 1 Gl co ee eens a 2 rene ar 270
TS ANVAUL Sie tare ae et 54,87 | Oberholser, Harry C., on birds collected
HUSCOMALoINAtUS= = eee 52 by Dr. W. L.
var. america- Abbott in Cen-
NUS Hanes 52, 80, 81 tralvAisiajee es. 205
MUSCUSMA Sse eae ea tes Coes 55, 89, 90 on birds collected
STS AMG Olam mee aay aes 54, 82, 83 by R. P. Currie
STACI Se ees ae ae eee ea 58, 96 in Liberia-_-._- 25
JAY) XS ats Ses eee ees Sue 53, 82 on birds from
UD CRIS! soe oe One ere se 57, 94 Madagascar __- 235
THAKOXO SS AUIS SD eryeigeras Soa eels 55, 88 on birds from the
IAS POO SHG Sescosoctoss oss 58,98 Cameroons Dis-
Ie oUF TEISCOU EDS = coceo SooSon ese ated 58, 95 trict, West
line Ola bu S Bese eee a EE EGO AMiriCa) eae eee 11
var. atrimargina- on some birds
US scares Gasososdos Eyl ke from Santa Bar-
OT SUS pee aes ae eal 58, 97 bara Islands,
var. domesticus ._______ 58, 97 California -.--- 229
MUBNCEIUAE YRS =A coos Saseadcess ake OG; 9l) | Oceanites) oceaniCusess. 2-5 eee saa 084
SEVV ED YEU TAU Se 2,80,83 | Ochthedromus inconspicuus _____-__._- 206, 207
ODACUSHes sss ucc i aet a ei ae Do som Oculinaypalmatassss: sess a= =a seen Sha O8
ORAGIM Ge eee St eae bal EH Cots) t- ONGRDUONNGl eyn Se Cee ea ular ee een La 185
OTnMabiSsim Us| sss eee ee 57,94 | Ocypode -_--_-__- Sheet ay UE ee ea aa 274, 275
var. xanthoceph- erira Can aigeec eee eae eee 275
Qlinswaenete Reve 57, 94. CUTSOTe2 2 S22 e ass Sees ene 275
ODM US a ee eS pe lel 58, 98 OCW GSI He fein cre aie Shae cli 275
DAC CU SESE ae saan saaemee 52, 80, 81, 83 WOXAa SONU es] eee eee 215
Malhidtisweey soe ~ eee Slee 58, 96 IP PCUS ease eee ae eee 205
pancallelui's per wea.. sees enero GY}, (Sts) Il OXenAaorebKoles)-< Se ee 272, 27
[OVerauOSM epi She e 08 oa OCyplamusilatiusculaps =. 22) eases 252
LOM COIS ea eey apes a eee eee ay iret 04,87 |-Odontomyia dorsalis -2__--__--.=2------- 201
1066 INDEX.
Page. . Page.
@Oidemiaet jE Sa eee eee 62, 71,86 | Orthoceras scalariformis _-.......-...- 1%6
desilandicseeeaeseeeesaseeenseee 62, 76, 85 new species.. 151,170
perspicillataeses==—seeeeeee 44, 45, 62, 85 Vierbe bial Op aee see eee 169
Olivellayint obasessse sees see eee eee 1404 SOx thocenathi das sees meee ae 169
Oloribuccinavoneeee net eeesesee eee dy Ga. tela) || OWWAO KOON oo oos soso toccos eeemeeececooe 29
Oneocenmis/ articollanistssss22 4-5-2 478 leweolophus === aee ease 28, 29
Ciliates ae ee eee AOE || Oheiyae ab resMenaOIS oteoacsoe soos Sadecce 66
new species -.----- 478):) \Oscinides 2c ee one see a ee ee eee 265
ONGCOCET AS eee ee er eee aE Zin ROS Clad Syanra@ rays rr eee ee 266
PRRGUNOWHON - Aone oooneeocee Soce 177 CORO dixie eae eo ee 266
new species. ___.--. 151, 172 MAMA. ee ee ee eee ate eee 267
PERC UU See eee wa au eee 171 obscura, new species ____----..- 266
1 OOSUTI Seen eee a eee 172 Guadrilineatales== ===> eee 2
TUNE EMMEGVO, = oeocce cose Peas sebene 172 amibrosaceet=c =: Pee ae v4
MeanltObenSemeares =e eas 170 VAN Ca ba aoe eGo a eee 266
TavuOM ES KOPMANNES oO oe Soe 71 | Osteolegy of Dinolestes lewini -__---__- 117
HUNTTVONBRIN cos Gonsas <ecbosess 1%. | ‘OsStracod acs sass Sas eee ae aes ee eee 173
new species.------- R23) HOLO COTS sere eae eee na ate 51,93
Wil beaNyeSire eee ashen eee 172 alpestrist 2-22 a0 eee en OONO
Oncocenatid ees ea see cee eee eee 171 chrysoleema.-_-_.-.---- 51,93
AGING Maire meres sere Becerra = 66, 80, 87 insular Spee aes 230
ibISCLOSUS eee ees = eee eee 65 LOM EIROS bial See ere 221
var. californicus. 65,86 | Otocorys longirostris _--_--.-.-.-----:--- 220
var. porzanee _-_-. 65,86 | Otus vulgaris, var. wilsonii-----.__--._- 48
MIN TUS ee sere eee eee Gb;87) i Omylabes sib ee ae ee ee te eee 244
Tem ObUS eee see ae ese N eS 66, 91 madagascariensis---.--------- 244.
Oncophorusteesceeee eee eee erence 42,65 SENN AMV MASS scsooocsess coco] 244.
@oencyrtus)2 tose eee eae ee ence Geepasshae || Onave oh paelaey oo 3 soscagessase Sone saesecass 272, 293
ANAS (22 BAe Se eR eee 3824 sOxystomatat essa s=se eee see eeee ee 273, 296
Chisiocamipre ee eeses er seers S02) | OZAUS CORT a DUS ies aaa ante ee 289
Ts PETE Se eee eer Soi PRachy Sra pSUS ieee sees eee eee erent
OWN SON Terese eee 382 MAUTUS Se ses= eee eee 278, 279
Mew CONUS sess sseee 398, 345, 381 tranSVeT SUS es==ea sees 271,278
Ophionind 225 a eee eee cle 30%, | Pachypsyllaic:-cem mia; sas sssse=ees eee 383
Ophthalmomyia cinerea, new species -- 268) ||sPasunidea 25222 2 ee eae eee 273, 301
lacteipennis _---------- 268.) (Rasuristesic =k el 5.2 sea ans See 302, 307
Oreortyx pictus plumifrons ------------ 63, 88 hispidus {2238 228 assed 307
OLiolid coy eee eee eee 19.1) Pasurus es Oe ee Sale ee 302, 303
@Oriolustlanvatuspecesee sees ee eee 19 alatus: = usc ee eee eee 303
brachyrhynchus --_-.-- ig) ane mWlatuseee-eeese eee 303
MigPipeNN1S passes eee ee 19 exeavatus) 222.320 s2 Sees 303
@Onritesmiveosularisnees ses sess ss=s sees 228 Sanu limMantis) =) eases esas 303
Ornithobing ese ee sey ae eee 42, 65 INCTMIS) 2235 Ges aa ee 303, 304
Ibucephaluspees seen 65 MO blCUOS US ees ane 303
CY Ones ees 65, 86 pucilatorns 202-2 eee 306
Sono plewunUs hase 65, 86 DUST WalUs\ sees eae eee 303
Ornithomyia erythrocephala_-_-_.------- 269 Sculptimanu's\S22ss5 =a ee 303, 304
Ortbailicias eee ee eet eee eee meal 257 Stratus aee eee Sie aes 302
Orb Gea eae ashe es AS sed A See ah 156 var. pectinata --------- 302
Orthisibellarugosaiese nese eee see 157 SETISOSUS Bese ee ee ee 302
ibellinucosaeassesee saree 150, 151, 157 trian cularissessse= eee eee oat Ue
borealis nse See ij2 seal ee setae ee 151, 157 ViITeCSCCNS ai. se ease = eee 305
MECU SIM essa eee eee see el oll ove oon ealadaim OwaeeCnill Sass =e sae 486
ARC LI Care eee eA eee re 150,176 scarletinald 23ers 414
new variety -.--- 151, 157 new species._-._---.. 487
plicatellacs 2s. eee ale P5le'56 | (Palesm onset oe eee een 314
HOMORINALUBY,. = saacanco esscensuostoKens 158 acamthur sess aes 315
SulbciulaGirartap eee ene 158 aLGi Cans ese ais
tesuudinaria pee sse se eee 150, 151, 156 canalicuilatuss= = see= = =e 3lL
tbriCen ara een eee eee eee 0) ela leel oo Cdiwahd Silas seas 314
OL THOCSTr AS ee ee ae TEU NE 149 hastatus: CG s0e res keene eee 314, 315
ibilineatumeees ees aes 151, 169 lon eirosti Sees=se== eee ole
lEoUiGEhhN 5 553 ko SSeS ascS 149 macrobrachion ess = sess sees 315
lors ess ee eee eee 169 TAC UI abs pease ee 314, 315
baffinensis-_---_-- 151, 169,176 olfersii*.2522 ce ee 316
PODS TM os Ree eps eee oat 176 paucidens=. 24 32 o-se= eee - 315
new species--__----- 151, 169 SPLITS ees ale eee 316
ee e) a
INDEX. 1067
Page. Page
Paleemon vollenhovenii ._-....--.------- lon PEecteny) ettersoniuseess == s=95 sea a eens 199
Pallesanomewes) 35 ss5casceouessodesacsuene 314,316 | Pedioceetes phasianellus ____-__..._____- 63
GEISDINOSUS seas ee eee a= 316 |» columbianus.- 66,89
rile rn ONT Cl eae ee a9 ner ne aed ens 274,314 | Pelastoneurus fasciatus__.-_-.--_____-_- 251
Paleontology of Baffin Land---_--------- 149 | Pelecanus californicus ---_---_---... 61, 72, 76, 84.
PRE ninos Furs eee eee eae we ere 310 GHISPUS ees eee ee 61
DHObeTUSH = sesns =ee eee 310 erythrorhynchus_-___-__- 61, 72, 76, 84
eatin isi Gl se eee oe ee ene dee 274,310 onocrotalus see see eeteenes 61
PalimumimsponrMment See = ees ae eo 310 TUL COUT S eee 66
Palimustus phoberus 222. 2222252. 22. — al Oe Meelecypod arrancones soot one zie 160
Paludinella newcombiana --_------------ AO ROT G1 oe ee ee ee ne nes oa ae 274, 310
iPeilyaimence), loeb) eee a ees ceases SOS HPP encous: oc eN ees ae ee ae 310
Pano neusta ti Camus ie assess oe ee = : 287 brRasilienSishess==sqese eae ee ees 310, 311
herbstiteee sense sete eee ses 287 canaliculatus == === === 310, 311
IParnninticnng socoececea Ses seeees te SoeSaeeaee 310 Caramoteseses pase eee 310, 311
OBNA GUS See ee ee ae 310 VE LUGM US ae ae oe arse Ne ee ae 310, 311
TSO GUS ae eaey Wee eee oe es SiO) |] JEANS oh So cone moo ces asses 330, 832, 358
Pali ORt UNI Slane a ee ee eee 367 bucculatricisy === esee== 358
PAA clirspiliterus pesos see eae Past |) IEC AMOWS = esas sacees woedseoeeser 336, 343, 373
PERRO OG) SS oe eee ee ee ete 185 all direc ites ee 373
THUR eo ee Sos tobeSe 1851987 | PP SRCESOCES se Nase tat eee a oe eens 1
Paralimmajdecipienss---s22-4-556s=) == 259 GUIASMOSTS)O igen ee ee an 2
OUSCUPAS eee ee nee eeee 259 ME er Cn One ee ass en eee MeL ents 277, 281
Parapsilophiyise sees se sess eo 334, 342, 362 PLAMASS TaN Uae eee me eras 281
Pelechise aa sees s 362 | Percoidean fish, Dinolestes lewini, os-
HT ASES ate a aoe ese eyes ea see areata 277, 280 teology and reiationship of the______- 113
ANGOLENSIS ease esse 280m pRerdix cinereass = oot eee ee 66, 76
Jowh niall Ope ee So ce ee 280R MP CRIS Cait eta ee eee ne oe Uae wave, oer bs 476
[Barras bel CLIN oo reser eee se eee gue cunep le S k 123 albolabes) casei esene eee nee 475
Parastrophia hemiplicata -.-.---------- 151, 158 GCOTNAN A Soe ee eee eee ena 414
IPRIFEH OCI OINEEES 6 5ass5 Goce néasde Sedeecoabe 282, 284 new species. -_...._----- 475
Taz Zeeves ee ee eee eee 284, 285 CONSOLS aes ar een ee see eee eee 414
Chan oes ae ee ey eee 284, 285 new species__-.-------- AT7
Ghayjane Si eee eee meee 284, 285 faAlRe tac tase sees an eee ane 475
Chapelleasss Se ease ae 284, 285 loci OSes eee aa men ane 476
peeCilel Me Ne 284, 285 lucet tases ese Ae eee 414
Parencyrtus brasiliensis -.--___.----__-- 368 new species ---_--..-_-- 474.
new species___ 368 DUN CUILeT a eesee eee eee 476
NON, (OMNIS ooo seco secs 335, 342, 368 Pea nas sense Sn Sere aren 414, 477
IPRS has coe Seana Soe Ee Soe eases 22 NM ewaSDe ClOS = saes= a aeee 476
ar OTAnaNM wa SCMUS ase een == ae eee 491 WiECOLS Sec teene Reo eee eae eee 475
WePse hil aos eho Sao a ete eee eee AAG OP eriSeSa Ta pee sense a een ee ane e ieee 277, 280
IME GOSCMES ates cscccsas 491 | aifarel Cam UT ae eee een 280
Parthenolambrus bicarinatus ---_--.--- 296 kamen mani ees == eee 280
y MASSer ae ease we eee 295m | MR CrISSOSp1Zza ee aeaee ees Sa eee eeeeees 227
IPE PIDGIOOONGKES) es oneo Se coS esos ong Secene 273, 295 arm NiS)\-sie25 esse em eee ese zat
Parthenopoides bicarinatus __-._--_-_-- 296 Carn elpesites sheen ese a ae 227
IMASSCTIAle sa hee seen 295 CWE MONGIES «a .coa5 Soeece cose 227
Parus atricapillus occidentalis ___._._- 5298 a We eri stan lyiO US eee eee ae sees 73
gamibelimacl ah ble Ye Sea ae ESOS} || ISB RO NERD MDS. Sce4 cobdoe SkoaaSeneades = 68
THAYG RONAN iO Ish AP at ns ee ine Eee 51,98 | Petrochelidon lunifrons ---.-.--.--- 51,58, 78, 97
rufescens neglectus _---.... -=-22- SOS PReEROCMIGU Sass eee aaa ea ae 302
RarVyVUSENelCOUTVAeH = ase a a ae es 246 ALROSORR. es se eee en eee 302
IPASSCIIC OMECSUICUS Sse —= sae === eee 57,96 pectinatus----.--_- 302
TaOHONIS) Ao eco ee SS 225 GOALIE NOMUIS oe eed sees 302, 303
YD CLL GUIS ee a See ea a ee 225 sranulintans' so 2 sss 302, 303
TOUS as eee es ee 224 | PUStWlatUSmesse oe ease OUZNOUS
Passerculus sandvicensis-----.--.---.--- OM eee trop lai ais secon aed ae eye eee 222
iRassercellamuasstseses 2 7 ete Sete 233 CYAN Ayse se eiee eee Hoes eee 222
eT ENC elie ee te ie her ae are em 70, 96 Solita riakt Sie wanes eee 222
Th o¥SHOU EW EARS) seen eee See Be 232 Mp OZ OWLS a ore ee bate aS Nicer Sea Spe aaa 351
mecarhivnehaesss==ss=2s— see 232,233) | PoOly.chromuUseesnse=sese sea Bay
Stephensiees ace asmn act eee 2338 MOP con OCIS CUS eae eee ese ee ae 337, 344, 376
IPASSerinayerny ce Mae see eae eee ee 57, 96 ATIZONeNS! Syeeeee eee 376
VELSICOlOLE ee see ae 70,96 TINA GUS eee ee ee dal
PaviOrcristat ushers ase ae eee aa 7,89 COMLOTIMI Shee eee eee 376
SPOCIfOrUS ee sesh eee eee 77 THOMKGONWO casooecona]esasse5 376
1068 INDEX.
Page. Page.
Phaéthon sthereus .-.------------2----- 84 | Pilumnus verrucosipes -......-..--.-_--- 288
iPhaeton aethereust=--seeee eae eee ee 44) “Pinnotheridcessessee rose ees eeeee cee 272, 282
Phainopeplamitense=s=s-=e=esseeee aes BG Gy. |) IPAbA DR TIENTS one cet eccoooSdeonsse sacs 386
iPhalacrocorax CanbOsseees ase 45,60 | Pipilo erythrophthalmus -__.-_..-_.--- 70, 78,96
GIGUEWIUIS) coscosocHboosase 60 fuscus crissalis__--..--...--.- 51, 56, 74, 96
Gilop his eee eee 60, 84 maculatus atratus -_..........._- 233
albociliatus -_ 60,61, 84 clementee .......-..-. 233
penicillatus 22222-2---2 60, 76, 84 megalonyx ---2------ 56, 96
perspicillatus_--------_- 125 megalony xi 22s) Wise eens 233
IPhalaropusssricoloneesssesesse eee eee Ee || lathe hnClOn AERO, 2655 seco econ core Hoos 51, 96
Phasiami devas seas sonar nee 265200238) | Pisa aes sei sets oes ceria eags Soe ean eee 298, 294
IPhasianusEcolchicuseesss sss. ess eee TT Caeimina a a es ee ee 294
nycthemerus __.-._-.- 68, 66, 67, 77,89 | Pisidium compressum ---....--.-.------ 138
POOVOESil ooo. Sees soe eee 73 Varia bile, Sisy secu eee 138
I WEMACOC CUS pe ss ene ena ny ne ars 388) me eIsorhinaymag1 Gases eee 240
iPhilepittarcastaneasss-eeeesseaeees aes 242 menadensis------ eerste ed es 240
Philepittidas is e346 te Dee aa eee 242 albiventris -.---- 240
Pia rier aise Gay 28 se aes eae NL 191 bouruensis ---..- 240
HOEK INR,. bBo SH besoendeses 191, 198 brooke ae 240
Fil Olean oe eee ees 62, 76, 87 leucospila _-....- 240
hill op ter doses eee ee eee 43 TONE CE oo socece 240
TaN Acey oop eee eet eye eh ck re ee 298 menadensis ---.. 240
Cristatancs. sete sse toe se esas 298 morotensis---... 240
leew GorSali sha se eee 298 Ub ae 239, 240
Pheenicothrampis fuscicauda.-...-.---- 51 siaoensis -----__- 240
Pheenicothraupis fuscicauda _-_..--...- 74, 96 sulaensis .___._-- 240
Pheenicurus erythronotus-.--.-...-...-- 222) bittSponuim eis aes. s2 ee eee ees 357
Pholidauges leucogaster____._..-.------ 36 | Plagiomimicus. ---.--.---------.--------- 482
Phorajaunea ssa. oe55 seal ese ea aaa 253- Plagusiag es secess oo cesepee ens eee 277, 281
PINOT ES ee ee OR Clipe re 253 delaunayie2ssese 22 eee 281
Phyllopseustestatimism=s=s= se eaeeanne 226 depressars (2 sss eee 281
hWM eles see BOE Saas 223 depressus 322s s. = eee 281
Jab COR e ee eG chee See e 223 Sqwamosai2 ssa ees 281
EIST IS) eee eee ean 223 | Planchonia delicata -.-....<.-.--.-.2---- 402
Phy lloscopusktristisna--sasse see e eee 223 4) SPlane@s ces2ase2 Sate oe eee eee eee 277, 279
TINE EA eID as nee Bok se Haoasn sone oboseS 1387 elypeatas ss 22seeseeke eee 279
heterostroph aaa sss=s ease 137 MMBWOOR HOS Gee eee occas ouSs CoSso Coos 271, 219
Physegenua obscuripennis -____--._---- 209 -Planorbis bicarinatuse===sssee ss eee 136, 137
Physokermes abietis._......_....--.- =... 391, 407 Campanulatusi=sssse eee 136, 137
Physostomum.-_....._...... 42, 69, 92, 93, 95, 96, 97 PAV US ee ve eae een 137
ane wla tums sae eee 69, 92, 96 trivolvisia- 9 ee nae eee 135, 186
australe eset. see oaee en 70,96 VeuT cA eae 136
Ginti's waa eee eee 70,95 Byfch pei By Reese Wa oe 136
Vata lidume: 9/0955 sPlasmoponrass- sss sess == ea eee 175
Prenat UI =e ee 70, 96, 98 lambii, new species__.-..-- 151.154
imVvad ens eee eee 695925972 MPlataleaailbaenre esse sees ee 237
InbAYS HOMO obo mo gecmeobe 69, 92 lewCorondia===sessee eee 46
microcephalum ________- KON94 | Plataleidee 222.25 558 ee ee 237
pallens sore eee 70,9859 platy chelsea seem sees oe ee 24
DW GOMIM ES seer ee 69920) | Platy.chirograpsus| s sees 2 eee see 277,219
Sucinaceum-. 9222-24 e24) 169593 spectabilis_.-.--.--- 279
Piaya cayana thermophila---- 2... ---2 56, 74,91 | Platypus glacialis ---/-2 2222-22222 22 45
DIKE: Wala ieee Pr aU Ay AN aN 14) Platysentanvidense = 22222 ssess =e sea 478
ELC G26 isp sas ops eras a eR SN 13,29, 218 | Platysteira castanea __....----------...- 16
IPicnorham pn US yeas ee ee seer ona 227 | Platystrophia biforata_-.-..-------- 150, 151, 158
USUC BS eco eSosesseccestesoss sects eae Gosada 14 | Plectambonites sericea .....--222-- 222-2. 150
CANUSS ees S Seater ey lee 56 | Piectorthis plicatellasas=sse sees 151, 156, 157
ITV OW Steines ys et era oS alt as pe 49 | Plectrophenax nivalis.-:---.----22----: 50, 57, 95
POOR TOTS GS ea cen ae see eatery en 14 | Pleiadia marylandica —-=.-_ =... -=-- 190, 197, 198
SCIEN NADI ea bo ecs cosa seas uses ace 218) |sPlesiochelysi ses see =e eee 24
VillOSUSS2sssae st oer ne Sees 56)||Plsthospinaiee sea esses sa ee 166
VATS eee ae eee eR ee See 49,56 tinichish 232425 re eee 176
Pil ra mel Be ee A a a ee 272,285 | new species ---.---- 166
ilu op ares ps spe ale ae aa eee 214, 215 Pleurotomaniidee sases4 ees saree eeee 165
suleatifrons atlantica.-___- PA lyase YeenKol: Vso A GOR shee eA ee 17, 34, 246
Hab aot b Fj eat eas can US ei 28 286, 288 | Ploceus fringilloides -----2.---------.--- 35
ALTICADU Sess Beene be Duane te oale 288) | SPlotus muhussssses eseese esa eee eee 238
INDEX.
1069
Page. | Page.
PB TISTARC ON Chia ec ee eee DOMn PZ OLAMON NACL OPUS sense eeene see eae ee 284
Genuratate 2 ses Sa5 sane ease 367 Mareanitarium! sos ssss sense ene 283
REST U CEOs sae see ees sonia 367 IMAL SaTbALS eee ee 282, 283
J OlaM er meee te Soc dee oa eee 367 : Meecilel. see ae aa ee ee 285
INIONG Gat ee ec ae awe ence 367 Tei A EH ohana s ee TS CRS 288, 284
IRodiceps terse sees es ae sooo ee aa ene 218 Menlatusee se sees seme eee ee 282, 284
AUT GUS pee i paar yee Dail Olam ONAULCS mae en eet pea 282
Crista tu Stser eee eens ase 45, 52 PNAC = besos Soassaanse 282, 283
pelzelniit= eS eae ee see 235 anchietzpeeesseseess ee 282, 283
eUNO Ts COMMIS wee te ee eae 69 SOS EL UI OTs yalee pee Soa = EERO Oe
ID ella, AKC Se tet es ee ae 414 alllarya vee ed 282, 284
MEWESDECLES sees ee eee aa 472 lopnvoraabhan, 3 o555 255556 284
eC ON aaa eee ae eka eee 472 bayonianus--------...... 282,284
GIS o eis Seam eeey ee eee I 414, 474 Chanyainesi seers eae ae 285
ME WAS PCCLlOS = see eee 473 GUNG Sob SA esen a cesea eee
Crt Chale eee ees ee Neos 414 GholonbhaN 5H soos sooosS 284
MewISWe CIES Ss = osname 471 Ghwlompiss: Coo oe Sees ceSace 282, 284
OG Inte COA eee eet ee ees 414, 473 emarcinatiunage =e 283
new species --:-.-------- 474 margaritarium _____.-_- 283
DUlbVeTULeN tape sees eee ee 472 margaritarius_.----.---- 282, 283
TE OM O Rie eee ees Ce ee 473 Oe ature ee een 283, 284
IRolyiboroidesiradiatuss=-=--4----2------- 239 perlatuste ee 282, 284
Polyborus brasiliensis -...-.---.-------- (2a eo Gaim oni dl oe sees eee eee eee 272, 282
GION WE Naess cose pebese CaSs5— DOW 90s MZ OberlOCe GaSe se eee eee 151, 172,173
IP OMALOMUSPess seen eas cosa awaste esos 2 NOW less assess neeeneeses 173
FROM ORGS eases on ee ease sewaect cela usess ul peratincolasibill aes sees eee 245
Pontederia natans-_------..---- ee arose 312 Sy billapseass Sees eee 245
TEXONALRO VON aU CS) ee enous ORS PASS rh can GE: amaeeiseee ones eee eek ale ae heey eS 151,173
: Cataphracbusyssssss sees s=s 311 PROMISH era eee ee ee eee 150
IROTAMID OMG doses ase tee ase eee eae 158 TAVUL TE alae eee es ort ee ene 150
IPORCell an aye ee ee ee See 308m mM eriONOmMast xs =e=s= aaa eee 326, 333, 362, 382
foelila nese. ear sea eee 308 american assess eeaseeeeee 349
MAb bOSIe sna aoe saaiaaeotioweses 308 MOLIOM ew eas cce esa aees 362
Speclosagsatesse oscar ose see SOSM PE TION OM US eaeeeem eres aeee eee 335, 342, 367
IROTCOllani dae ase sete eee ae oe e 274, 308 Chloninus pass sees sees 367
Porcellanid eases: <2 ss- sees meee eeees 274, 308 TOM AENTOIS oo eSou aoaouEneoS 367
IR ORL OS Peseet eeeaecee sack bess lon eee es 180 tilianis 722 2 ee ae 367
IRQ ROGIIATIS Gay Ml esos ooseeo Sedsoo SSeceS YD: p> IPretoyayoyorole> 355 oes ceso coos n5 ado cees 19, 36
new species ---------- led 55a erocellariatcapensiseass- sss: sees ener 60
Smithigs joes eee ee atees 155 | glacialise es) fh sss teen: 71
IROnOSAS TO bISmenaaeree tae ee eee te mere 430 | Proctacanthus rufiventris -.....-------- 251
PPOGbUM IG dome sees oe hake ete oat ete Bi25289R ErOocbo by p10 cess ae ee een = ee ae 326
TEXO TRIOS) Ses hee eee 28082925 Procyonlotone soem ees aenee name 68, 99
CORLUSALUS ee ese ee eee 292 | IProgne/SUlbISeeee eee e eae eee 51, 58, 78, 96
ediwakdSitaasssrees ose seme 289, 290 NeSVeCTUS eee eee 51, 96
hastabusiease ese s-- ese eee 289.290) || Protonotatiacitreaa-ss-4-- ==. eee =s === 70, 97
Talla S eae ee Lees 289,290 | Protowarthia pervoluta _._..-..-_-.---- 164
USTs ae e Seep ee 292 penvolubustes==-seeae = 151
MU OT sees ese Late ee ewee ase 29a Proto wielsulil Geos essa eee 164
Strigilig nj oee se sie fees OOM MProtrema tase: sees aero e eae se eee 156
Valigusmesscoer sa Setar ss ae 2o9neesalidoprocnemitens sess se seoes ees 17
Porzana noveboracensis -.-..-:-------.- 65,86 | Psaltriparus flaviceps-_---.------.-------- 58
Posid onpy ali Gusie ase ae ees eae 289 | MINN USS ee eee eee 74, 79, 98
PObamMOnge Se Se Par Sues ote ieee 252 el ESAMiImM Obiaesen an eee eee ee eee ee 108
airiCanuSes tess eo ane eee ae 2825 28S ml MESA MOSOleN ese ease ee eee eee 108
anchie tee) fose. acc sseeeteeecens 282, 283. | Gumingianusee ses eee 108
GNUU OVEN ase teeta te Be atl ese es 282, 283 Sanctrae-mantheoysseas= ose 108
Ibalaryaees eee os ee nen oe Sate sro pak sl Tessie lenvehACnOlS) saoous noose Soecocoo ei Sieos 398
bayOnTe MUI see ee 284 Gecidomiuyl sous seen eee 396
loEVOMlENNbIS Sos besso5 peHesS oose 282, 284. new genus ---------- 340, 346, 396
TON SWAAZ Sy esa a yn 285 Mita Gus) s2=seee ee eee 396
Cain py ieee eee nee ee 285 TFouundiformis == -seseee- 396
CHa ane Sika eee ste eee 285m Pseudococcusiacenriss == se osse see eee 407
GeGAZ C1 ae eae ee eee 282, 283 Vill C@B0 i sens es eee 373, 390
Glib oyhbb anes meter Beer 5 284 | Pseudocossyphus sharpei---.-.----------- 244.
Gib iusw eee eee oa ene eee 282, 284 sharpilese 2 es 244
emanrcine buImMesassscee eee eeeae 25m lelsillopamciculatamesssesse- see cesese eee 260
1070 INDEX.
Page Page
Psilopa mellipes, new species----------- 2EOM Reali sabe lina eee 65
TMIBIAVINEV Aco dose case cosoeoouses 260 Dlumibeiventiri Sass sees 65
Psilophr ys sss. me ose eee eee 334, 342, 362 tricolorseas ee eee eee 65
EUGTINA Days ces Sage eae Go) || Illness @piilerel os secace boc doe ates once 236
aTMa buses ssa ence eee 362 obsoletusee. seu =. 5 aes eer 65, 75, 86
hyalinipennis 22225225 essses- 381 VAG So NS ee 65, 75, 86
loneicornis = s=s= sas eeee B02) |p@ama Mare S52. aie fe cer eet a eee ee ee eee 299
Pallichipesisse eee wae pees 362 dentatiss=: sos ee eee 299
Pallipes eves exe yes ere 362 TAIN. 3222 see nan eee oer pee 299
pulchripennishe=sseess ees 330, 359 Serrata ys e eo set een ees 299
Psilopusloneicorni Seas eee a aes 252 ili" TRevmim a cee yeaa sk era wp 273,299
POGLSOLICeNSISi ees ee eee 252 | Rathbun, Mary J., on decapod crusta-
1 BISSUH EE KONO 2) as Se er ea MS 240 ceansiof Wrest Atricajas=2-- 2 s=-seeaee 271
TRISTE ROUISS TANEXEO 2 bea sa coc Sasos Ses Beecee real) |) IRCeXGSVOUBKOUUNN KES 149
AD ye ea aes a Nee aes Bhs Seth Se A ee eet 2 eeteegen 410 ERACMOWS sano scecosees 147, 148, 153
IPsyllecp hag ssa se eee eee ere eee 345, 383 TNGOMOML oo ee Soe oae boson 147
ION, SNS - oo secosktsos 339, 382 occidentalis@===s- === 147, 148
OC Lay) Siyalll cs yey ns 383 OWEN Ds 2222s ee ee Uae 147,
trioziphacucee sesso ena 383 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153
A Beep Ub Molkeeyitipe ern Sa ee a ea Pe Pacis BZOH | MEVE Ge bel CULT Clee sees eee a 152
Psyllobora 20-maculata 2222-22-22. 2222: 378 | Recurvirostra americana--_..-.---- 54, 72, 76, 87
Pterellipsisramaneay ssa eae eae 270 avVOCebtase: este ee eee 54
Pteromalus\chrysScusesss2s2 2 eee eee Gy) |) lecreauloricloess Inhalt 2-32 oe hoe co ecne ook 223
ATMAC WIA TCO meena aeeee eee S98) Re gualus Sart ireup ape ee eee a eee 70, 98
scutellatusiss eee =s eee 360 VOrUs iota cae eee 70
Pterosphenus schucherti-_._._._.--------- 21 | ReMmIpess sons aie Sy Rae eee ne 301
Pterygometopus eboraceus- ------------ 17 adactylaic: ss se ea ee eee 301
SOOUTId oye 176 CubenSise 222522 eee eee 300
new spe- Sscutellatulst= == === s—- =e 300
cies __-_- 151, 174 testudinarius === === aee 301
Ptilomyia enigma, new species __---__-- 26228 SRhipidomellaees sases== == eee aes 156
IN, PRES oe 6 bocHs ose o Ress 2618) RhiZoObiusid Sbilisis=s-2 esse ee eee 389
Ptychoramphus alenticus---.---------- 4302 C0 Eni ZOCOCCU Sis e at = eee eae eee ae 411
TEV OMOWHROPANE) sSebed Se cosa Seconeabeososes PPA || lRilaVOy OOO KEI oo 2 hos coke seoo coco Coane aascac 348, 408
THN OSSMEIS caso Gooncemenals 227 CLtTinUsS! 2.67 eee 408
FWerasiaigiol Gl ciclo aes ae eee eee 209) “RIO PUSS 22. ese ees ee ee eee 407
macrolopha biddulphi _------- 209 COCCOIS eae Se a ees 407
Puerto Rico, dipterous insects from-_--- 249 debilis-.222 eo 3S eee eee 407
Putinusibulleniaeaess sass ae 59, 60, 64, 84 ATU S CAL See eee eee 407
GHOENIO DOS ssocco sossocacs 59, 60, 64, 75, 83 PISO lo A ese ee eee 407
PERM ccooaso5se 44, 59, 60, 64, 65, 71, 75, 83 testaceusc. 282 so 52 eee eee 407
STriScuSeeee eae HANS ONGONGAa leoOnSoueeo aimee nny c On ell alesse eee 149, 158
beMUit OS bTIS eases se ae 59, 60, 64, 84 IMerebescens!ss-=sesee sees 158, 159
IPulivinariae sos eee Ss oe ae ee Ss oe 387, 388 minnesotensis-____-_----- 158
GPO Sonees Soccos castes 361, 3845391) |) Rhynchotrema capaxs+--sssssseeeeeeee 159
ibapolbloovencey apObts | fe oe einen 405 ineequivalvis--_- 150,151, 158, 159
UTI C Ola eee ey eae 250 subtrigo-
VilbISpes eters ae 352, 361, 388, 390 nalis---- 159
IPULOLIUS Ler IM IMU Spy see eee ee ay ee 68, 99 minnesotensis ____---.-- 158, 159
eaellerpale) Ga Geet eA See 99) perlamellosum --------. 158, 159
Py. CON OL GcS ee eee ae ee acne 14,30,248 | Rhytidothorax marlatti _._.--..-------- BYWS
Pycnonotus! barbabtusyssssseeeseass a=—s=— 3l : new species --- BYWe
gabonensis- -_--_- 15 new genus--_..-:---- 337, 344, 377
SADONeN SIS = eee eee 15,16 | Richardson, Harriet, onanew species of
PyicnorhaniphU saseee ss eee eae 227 Idotea from Hakodate Bay, Japan___- 131
fLeberold esas asa eee 227 | Richmond, Charles W., on a new bird
Pyrelliacochricornisaee ese sese ere 256 of the genus
Py TenestesiCOCcineMS =a] espe seenee = 17 Dendrornis - 317
ID WARANUIPLIS sSatoscadeeneesde eke savas MAE ee 14 on three new
Py telialbi coloreeees eens eee 35 birds from
Quercusjacritoliaa=sass eee e ee ene 386, 412 lower Siam - 319
bla CtOriay esse sees a sees 388 s|paRile vias <.32b eee oe ee er ere 405
Querquedula querquedula----....------ 209 splendens 2ae4--2s- eee eee eee 405
@Quiscalusiquisculay esses esee eee BOR OA RA aia) sees ee eer rere 227
Rachy centroneeses-seee seer eee eee 2 | Rissa tridactyla pollicaris ------------- 44, 58, 81
Ratimesquimaplatalesen ese ee seas ae eee 1501) MROCCUS/-55252 Sascseee eee eee eee 2
a BWCH Hb o ks ypeyeea ey Scere RD Loe BaP SURI 265236) | PROSCLS WELD seea ae eae sae eee eee eee 182, 183
INDEX. 1071
Page. Page.
EROS OTS am Wifes eee eee eet ee me 182,183 | Seelya ulrichi, new species -.-........-- 151, 166
SahORGiaprm OG CS hae amen eee 151, 163 VentricOSa2 2 iesi sea se ee 166
Dalpinebesiobsolebusesssse= sees nee ee Zoom moe laSsphoOru stall Griese ss eee eee 230
seule eilloreollhis) —- sean nod ee 74, 97 TUES Pee Ree Nts epee eaten Ue 92
Santa Barbara Islands, California, birds Selenoides iowensis_.._-.-.-.-.-------.-- 153
TO ROMAN, 6 SAG eo ees Le ee Re eae ea 229 Selicanisicinereo] amass 414,481
Sapromny7aisOrndid ae sess seen ee eee 258 TMEV (ACTS <b costeaceonseeeee 481
SHY OMRON NS es ee ane See 258 TOY GOKU So Se a aes 481
Sarcophaga diversipes, new species. --- iis |) (SeibieReeninis: a2 Sse ane Se ee et 325
f IpranoeiNS sess cas Skencasase Osi | Serene lope) S255 252 55k eee 310
CEGKUE: a eaccssesese5oesss5 Odd OC PSIG Boar t See ha ee oe eee a Se 259
lint ho Dyas eee Odea LS SSIS e000 SUlll ey Te] Sepa eae re 259
ARCOM MALT EO eens sweeten ee E Bath |) SOQUESESE) Ao oe cee eee Sanenoenoseeee Tn IeyL Teh
See TTIO aed TT ee ene ei eer De OY ORI LOR DESI Ss wiGy se eae none 194, 195, 198
CUUIATENRUIN. (nose cbsacseoense 281 | sexradiata ___.__ 190, 194, 195, 197, 198
SHPOM PENA HANSEN a 236 Sulbraim osama eee aan ae 194,198
OWN NR < Sees ae enes ees Zon SCLINUS DUST Smee eee en 224
Saxicola oreophila, new name-_-_-_-.._--- PPA || srielboray qeerarambabs. ooo oe 326, 378
TOM aM aay se oa ene ns ee ayes Bal ey SSE nRat Ry Sces uo aan ae Ue AL eT aS 277, 275
picata capistrataras-s-s--seeoss 221 SETI CAT Biers an oe eer Mie ere 280
SAVORING) TASTIER NOG) = Hoek = ao Senne atose 230 airs CATT eee eee ae mea ae 2380
Say cite ee) Uercens e na OS BWANA NE) «cdo boacsotds toss ess= 2719
ScalophasarexoblCaimesssae ee sa ena 257 PINGING. Ss Gaeocosonossenes 280.
Neatophacl domes see eee nee ee 257 lortovenelbehruban ooo) see 279
SIODUOMSS TFs ey oa eee a oEee ene 250 (oblijegonteiel | oo coe eee ocas 280
SCE OMe MR ee ice sa aie We ee 26 GUD Vait ae oS eee lee wis es ee 281
WeIaoNaN Tee Ae ees ee ee 378 Ub YWENGUNAM, ono Sebo ooeoceen eco 281
HECDELOD MOTUS es eee 388, 345, 371, 381 CLO PATI SiGe CaN ee Is wes TULA pate jet 280
CONVEX Suara ane eee 381 Tephoner mono | oe sooo eons oence 280
hyalinipennis----..-...- 381 TO DET bie E ates Nae ken copie mee 279
Sceptricens=ses ae aes 381 VIOIACOdi as cay eee ean eee 281
SOU Sie iy Sn rea tie Solu mS euae OLSEN bis peeee eeeee eeeee 418
FIO LOB HAGE i estes ee era aR pt UE Nore ao 489 quebecensis, new specigs._._ 413, 417
LSU CIS Me aaa eye oe eee 489 | radiatus, new species__._____ 413, 418
Ghinyseliluisme sas an neta eee eae 489 | VELMA Sie see owt ease 418
CNT a Geaheeret ete ay eal Mae cea COE SO) ls SHOVES Oates eo Sa hsa MeEne Seno mar man ae GaSe 99
Mew SPECiesmess esses sees 488 | Shells collected in Heron and Eagle
Con cliull avers Seren, Sey eee AS Om el akceSeVETl CS 0 ie) eee a eae ee 135
@pbang iil bij ee eee eee ane 488 | Sialia mexicana occidentalis. -_-....-__- 51,57,99
OGullaGayae eee he sO ae 414,489 SlalistsY see. Se aaa) cee uio Aiea pe wee 52,99
new species _....-.--.--- a | SMONAOMMIEH os hace Bou So Uoe bas Hao Soca neoue 311
Te vaubioymonNtey we ee ee 414 Scull pitas sa ee cee 311
new species.___-_-.-- ASepolSaloessaiblcol ores aaa eas 267
Schizoneuraaquaticai es ss0 22-2 8e asso e S00R OISmodusicanicepssssssserenees eee 36
Schuchert, Charles, on the Lower Silu- Sieniphorais se ees ore epee me eyo eta 323, 409
rian (Trenton) fauna of Baffin Land- 143 alley OCIS eee pees nears 412
Scobidsscutavussea=- sees eee 34 new species-_--_---- 409, 412
Scolecophagus cyanocephalus ._._..-__- 51, 94 aspidioti, new species ____.- 410, 412
Scolopacidecese see eee eee eee 11, 207, 235 australiensis, new species__ 409,410
NcolopaxFouanuUseeseee tees ae 208 UVC TIED ese oe rere a aps saa ee 400
SCODSHyUIbIL UT Geer ee ae ee ae ees 239 | bifasciata, new species_-_-_-- 409, 411
Sconpeonichihy See esses sees eee 2 PPM ONGNE 5 Soaie aoe eoeee 399
SCOMAap Le xTCINCT eae =e see ees 66, 91 coquilletti, new species --.. 409,412
Seydlari dee sees aos ae laste See Nes 274, 309 dactyiopii, new species -... 409,410
Scydlarideshe ssa ia Sek Se ee ee 309 Havopaliiata sess =9 = seee need OOK Aa
Lathes hee Sa ees S Soe ea 309 mexicana, new species ---.- 409, 411
SCy lar Spee ee eer ee a ew ee 309 nigra, new species--________. 409, 410
aieniGAanUS essa eee eee 309 noacki, new species ____.__- 409, 410
arctus paradoxus---------.--- 309 occidentalis =a as 409, 411
Ghat want. Sees ee ee ae 309 rhizococci, new species __.. 409,411
om dae eee ee een 309 POSH avian wlOLId copes se 399
Or OLSIe aes aera see a ee 309 townsendi, new species ._.. 410,412
VER GDI ae ake eee ey ae eae 309 unifasciata, new species ___ 409,410
SS Gyan S rates eee ale ea Naeer tAG SoM MOleNiphorin dee eee eee 23, 324, 409
AW VAbONS 5555 Sadoes Gosces Sole Ste) | ISHIDA oe oe peo eco es TOE}. 08).
See livermenes ters eames aie a anya: ses 166 Cilba eee Sas re Eee ea ee ea 109, 110
UDO abl Ae Os Sa ee eee 176 AM CHICA TAR seven a ubs EN a as 109
1072 INDEX.
Page. Page.
Siliquiagbonealisieessss esas ease ee 109'1) (Solemas2oe. 22.5 a2225 2a sees eee tee ences 107 ©
Calikonn Cae ee eee 109 PRON OWEWIOS) sacade cfeses Seecen enone 107
Costaba ete seers eens 108, 110 Obliqia se esa eee 107
ID Yeri(o ely a0 ak A ea pee eres ert oe 109, 110 PUGS) os oe Na em eed eee _ 108
TIVO Ciao ea ne a pa epee ae 109 MAO Soleni dieses. aie seca Se see eee 107
TMU ttaliane Eee Negra eenmen eeee 109s SSolenocuntus!\s2seessseaee eee eee eeeeee 108
mt bali ae ts Pee eee ree 109 | Spheerium solidulum-.----.------.-------- 137
Patwlakee- esha a ee ese le 109 SPE GOD NON oocoa conc oocaesse = 137
V/EhosNbIE) Oss SomseseoosoS LOOMS phesropisthus/s=s ses eee ee 335, 343, 369
Wecwabyneenlhal @ 109 annulicornis, new spe-
Toul Chinese Sees Romer RE ee 110 Cies tae ee em ae oem 369
STREUGLEL A SU ec RET ee 109 | auriceps, new species__- 369
TOStLALUS a eee eee ee eee enone 110 PASCUOTMMy = === es sea 369
SQUAT aR es eee ene 108,109,110 | Spatula clypeata --.-.-...----.-.---- 62, 70, 71,85
Siliquaniaye: blouse sees = aan 111 | Speotyto cunicularia hypogzea--------- 48,91
Silliman’s Fossil Mount, description of - 144°) Sphenolepis2=2222 222 == nate sooo oeeee 329, 853
geology of _-- 144 | pycimcea 6 ee ene eee 354
Simorhynchus cristatellus--_-.-.. -------. 52,80), Sphiyneenay esse ee eee tole opel seat
(OSHS ao sodeesesesece 52, 80 | argentea 2.0. hase 1,10, 114
: TON ASAIN SWISS Ses medce acon 52, 80 | osteology of _.---.- 8
Simpson, Charles Torrey. Synopsis of le Splyarcomid cosas seeee ss ae ee ese eee 1,114, 115
the Naiades, or Pearly Fresh-water GiaenoOsis\of = asess =e 3
IMT Se sy aeeerat ete eis Sia NaI Nn Ne 501 | Sphyrapicus thyroideus ..___......-.-_-. 49, 91
Sip Ormasys tea ieee ear ans a ate re 265) a spllosale in ternuptajeess- eae eee eee 68, 100
Smith, John B. A Hundred New Moths | Spins: pinus2 2 Se ee ee 51,95
of the Family Noc- PSsaltrige see ees 51, 94
THONPOS Se ML Ua 413 | Sristis: 222 See as 78, 79, 94
on new species of noc- | Spirifer mzequivalvis _..-.-..-..-.-_--_- 159
turnal moths of the I SDINODACUTUS = ==s-36—-— == =se see 302, 307
genus Campometra-- 101 | elegans v2. soso 307
Solecurtoi desea ae eee ee 108 | Spizella socialis arizonee ._.._--...---. 51, 95, 232
MahantensSe sass eeee eee 108 | Sporeeginthus melpodus -_-..----_.----. | 17
TRAGHERHOS ooacesoscdco seuocs 108 | Starks, Edwin Chapin, on osteological
Bayless eee eee eae 108 | characters of
Solecurtus 34-bit teeae ecto n ae neeeeee 108,111 | fishes of the
MOlNMSH sh Ssee ase oe ease alitalt suborder
ST rae a aso a ree ante 107, 108 Percesoces -- 1
Complanatuseseeeeeeses eee eee 112 on osteology
CONSUGICTUS pease ee eee ee eens 112 and relation-
GiviSuss2 eke ses tee een eee 112 ship of Dina-
GNSiS See ue Se eee 107 | lestes lewini-_ 118
SVE MONO Specs cobase ceeodS 108m Staunomed ust sss eseeee e eee eee eee 125
alo) OL TSE as AEE SoS SES 111 | Stearns, Robert E. C., on a new variety
PIAS seas eee ae ee 109 of Haliotis from
ere TT Chi Soa eee at te oO 109 | California --__- 139
STNG CUM EM LTS Hie ee eee a Te te eae ee 112 on shells col-
JAP PeANnUSie ese ae clos Se eee 109 lected by Ver-
Mea PIS et eee eee ra ey UO aie ae ane, 109, 110 | non Bailey in
NTIS AGUS AS ee SL CN 109 | Heron and
ALY EUPTN UTS yen san Se an EI ACE 107 Eagle lakes,
IdM RPSALAANGUIS) oso sock eto duce aneee 107 Minnesota. --.- 135
fads p-Ghach bisa Ser ner aS ae eae 109s Steleidillas sso. Ss sees eee ee eee 15
MCKEAN OOS S34) eek owns Sodeoe Seseoe 108 | Sracihinostrisssss sees eee 30, 31
new species .--.--.-.- 110 liberiensis - -- 31
TDL SUL scares ope nee anon Mi 109 STracilis S252 ces a eee Bil
COV OVO TU es eerie py a ebae ee eb ae Ne 107 new genus------- Sahn ae 30
OD]IQUUS S2o 2 ee nae Bie 108,109 | Stenomicra angustata, new species ---- 262
Hip Minar Ua ee eee 107 | ' NOW: PONUS = seston 262
Tadiatus ses. 2 eee eee 1O8M09s | Stenorynchu sis ss see eee 293
LOSACCUS Hache Se saa See emer S 108 phalaneium == -9e se eee 293
TUGIS ese eee oN Ee aes ee 107,108 rostratus, var. spinu-
SICATIUS SSeS Aa CA ey Set 108 lOSUS oS ee eee 293
SUT amen See a SE ey ee 107 Sasi htArlUSeeee eee 293
splendensvs2 es uae See en eee 109 | Stenoterys------------2---2-------- 329, 356
Stricilatwsneseaece eee e ee eee 108 | Onbitalis@e=s-sse-e eee eee 306
ESTATES Se RRR re a ee LL 109 | Stercorarius pomarinus -----.------ 44, 53, 59, 81
VATIGISe oes ews n eee Neen ene oa 1ORAOONSterna bergi vs.s.s-he ae ere eens 44.
erocN. ME Viole xoat 68
INDEX. 1073
Page. Page.
Stennarcantiaca sees ae eee Ad eMac hy, Git: Orn ae eee 251
GAS playa ss tesco sat ea se esses 44 | Alawida saos2se ae eons 251
ROLS Teese Py ee eat epee eee ORO | Tadorna cornuta.-..--..---------------- 43
HIT UN On Cee ean eee A De GH MAO OLUS) Lia setae seta oae Bere So ene ee 111, 112
ISSUING So coce cesedeoccs 206 GiviSUS eahss sent ese meee ne eeee 110
TIARA aren ee cena ee eee 44,53, 82 Gomi uy eS se ee ee ee 112
TTNETN UG eee ys <i Oat aay eS Seen ae Ae fi ilo USte sae eet eee eye emt 111,112
tibetan ays ores ee 206 Dlatensists =: hse ae eee eee ee 111
Stenmhocomayse.. 255+. sess hese =e O40, 400 poeyi, new species ------------- 112
DE ChOVOLAMAMOSa as a seee see eee eee 149s hanaerana elim) 1 casas sae eee 17
SuNAOM UNE) IIE Coes Sates bocsno Bose 16 | Tanaoneura --.------- Bocdeneesoeecas 337, 344, 377
SHLOMO XySiCaAlCltranse- sense as eee 256 | ashmieddiieees =a eee 3i7
Sthraulomyplid owes. es seen see See O50 MR ATGAU SECIS ba UUs eee ee ene 236
Strepsilas interpres___...._-.----------- (ene at pinyGeratid ae esmses see see are 173
Streptelasma corniculum. .---..---- L4G Seal 5A Ee Rautoga seas oes ets eee tenes 2
THONG WIT ACTO eo oseconme ese OR tehchapratchorisiees ae ssee eee aes 18
Streptelasmidepes-—-s-ptesa eee eee ee aa ee Chit nea yaar eer aaa eee ee 245
StrissbrachyoOvus == seen seee see eecne aes 48 mittata ceca. 2s = sesaersesveeses 245
TAO ee SS Sa ae ha 48 | nigriceps's 22s seeek al esas 31
Marea eee erase ees sees See Aad VAT GIS eek 28s Nestea eee ta 16
Me bulOsaysosas teeta naa ea ee ASmihiDechnitessesss=s-cmcss chee see eer owas 407
TMOG LU ase Seer re ees ae UL idealele ora hls sees ee eee nee ee ee eee 403
OL US Bae oe eee i acer nr 48 | mirabilicomis--- espe seed 403
FD AUSS Eo Bee yma Sete nee ee Tau Melesillay sa se2csa tse eects As eeenee 482
TAINCONE, SosessS GAoSoenssuoesoee ASSO Relikinomny eel evatalee see eae ee 149
PULRCOMOAING, 34 bono Ke cdes Bosoed 218 | Telophonus'australis-_----_-.---2-------- 18,19
SHPMIIY TMAEINEY So oomco ceeceooe eeoouS eee 57,94 | USSheriae esses 18,19
meclectayes ss ee 50, 94 | leucorhynchus.-......--...- 18
Me PLE C tal a aces eerie ata oe 231 | Sen egalus ated eee ee 18
SHUN NG ES) Sie Ss Sa Ree Beane 36, 228, 247 PTvan ib US sae ee 19
Sturnus menzbieri ._.--.___...__..---... 228 Wssherie 2s see eine 18
vulgaris menzbieri__--.-._-.-_- Paya | AN Palmas vant hayes acy ame ker he Ss 158
SSbival ola OTs Aiea ee a ere Sie cea 180m shemnodonisaltaton=esesssseeees sone eeee 113
Sul wlitid cone esas, ooo pes ee TGS 3) UbleraneKonubhwesosse cacose scco seeds cececs seeS 150
SUC CIN CARO ell Sys sens eee ee ee San eephribisspene sayin awe eens ene ne eee 258
SS UN aera ee ee ee a Se pe re A escent 84 | Tephrodornis ochreatus -_--_--.-.------ 19
Blo Sacer eeuae Seer eer pes ee, AS GORS4 eer DSi ph ON Om as eee asses ese ee ee ee 245
SENSE OE See rene nein Daa 45, 60, 84 | Crista tases see ees 16
FSCO OND Se eae cee ae ek Ba 84 | MVEA CEOS po oesoesko. sooesS 31
SViviaenrybo ron oases ses sense eee 22 |) MRSSHUCIO) ccscosen 255059 gone cacasosn SRases 21, 22,23
SSVilivall loose eer ee ce eigp a amen ese ee 223, 244 | WU YS) fe) eae yea ee aca LL 21
Syst ni S eee ese wee eee vt 301 | Tetrabranchiata --_-------..------------ 169
; WEIONOED ons eo cencsneceseues Bil |) “UetneaOlevGlit 225 costco es ce seb ace 330, 332, 357, 358
Synedoida subtermina __._.__._.._-._---- 414 | OT ACTAG Sey asst carne unt eae 358
new species -__- 492 | COQ RELIVE re ae 358
Synopsis of the Naiades, or Pearly |) GbermeNeMG iT nn Cosceseeonenosoessdcooses 333
Fresh-water Mussels, by Charles Tor- Meatracnemoideas- = sees seeees aaa 329, 331, 357
RE VAS PSON ssf esa ve Mane es Ae Ss 501 | australiensis ________.- 857
Synthliboramphus antiquus.__________ 43, 52, 80 | Tetracnemopsis, new genus -------- 330, 332, 358
Symtormontbanbatusmess---o5 ee eee 252 > westwoodii _____..-.-- 330, 358
Syrnium aluco biddulphi --__.__.___..... Peet racnemiu Smee seen et ere ee 329, 332, 357, 358
foveal dala eee eee 218 diversicomiss==--s- ae ee= 357
MOVOOUO HWM, SoS sass eocoeeesaooe 48, 90 Aoridantist=s= = sees ee 348
RS VAIS 1d Ge yee aise aS Te Sa any er 252 WestiwOOGil san ==s senna 358
Syrphophagus flaviclavus __....____.--- Sie) |) nkevarereormlleh | ok ood bese eeos seaden Goeses 154
mesograpte -----.---... 398 | Tetralophidea bakeri ------.------------ 348
moderatus; ese ee 398 | new genus__- 327,330,348
new genus __._.____- 330, 346, 397 new species -_--- 348
quadrimaculatee____._.. 398 | Tetralophiellus brevicollis -_---..-.--...-380, 357
submetallicus._..______- 398 | new species 357
VE CLIUS eee rasa eee 398 | new genus --_-----.- 330, 332, 3857
Shovel eset Moe Pee ee S98meMetranotaLrobsoletacs = ee ssese seas eae 151, 164
Machardiavalibizzige =a) 2 ese ee eee BOBmil Metra ole upl dom ers sae at ney eee eee 66
UNE @laubaniG ra ee Se eee ee ee ae ee ee 253 Mad araTensis yaa == sae ae 238
Machy.cinetasbicolor=sss.=- pss sas ee 51,58, 97 TICGhaTrd Sones essa ee 67
1074
INDEX.
2 Page. Page.
Tetraogallus tibetanus-=-----2-2) 222222 209 | Trenton fauna of Baffin Land---...-...- 148
Me trastichsne- a3 see esesse eee ete eee 825 EOSSINS! 2 S22 5 Ga Se oreo 149,150
GATTI, wnctsa ceceeeen Seco cSeeccescnces BM, 29Q || WinerroMiGles 5c. ocdoss coaceetcetesscsonea- iW
DMibeomaaidel cain alee eee Oe} || Mba ROMAN PIS) CAC = onan eoncsn cose eee soe 149
Mhalassidroma leachi-.---2- 252-222-2222: GO) |] “AMeKClOloniis Chee - sa ome een essen 270
el aed Ca eeeae ese GOR tei Choc ecbes tess =a eee 41, 67
SV alll @ 10 pee 60 Calikonni ct Sass 68
Mhalassinid Camas sss in een eee eee 274, 808 CAStORIS se sae ae eae 68, 96
Thalpochareseeressesteo a ese ees 491 Clim axe ee ye ey eee 67,99
Garr apes ae Aun pene pe noe ae 490 CLRASSUSS eee ee eee OS NOS
Mieimmophilusisabin clea ssse a4 == see eee 18 S COM, CS ee eee OD
DURA MMACUOMERS sanenestonesoeses sesse 282 Tiina) aS | eee eee 68,99
aAnomalipeseese sss 282 roajolaaGhis ooo 68, 100
Mhawmmeatibisioisanteaess== =a e mans 319 parallels === === eee 68, 99
Nivel nu Sayeyend Cain clo eer eee 283 ORME UIT OMIOSHNS 67,99
AINGMWNES Bos eo seoos seebeese 283 Quadraticepssss = sass 68
Bi blove Al ee eer Seay 283 TObUSUS Hs Sea see OOKOO
QUINT DTA cl pene ea eae 283 Scalanis: = seas. ass eee eee 67,99
[eect lketa ates eee VE eo Se Ura 284 SCtOSUS eee eee aa SOS
anyone ey elena me eee 284 spheerocephalus -_-___.__- 68, 99
Chayanesieeseeaeeses ya 285 Subrosbratus 922-5 eos oo
ASCATeM yes cw iyi SEEN: 283 Giblalis's= ac sss eae 68, 99
GUUL Tae eee eee ee es nes 264) PeAriChOdecti clas ees) sas aaa ee 67
CwaPASMAey Sooo sake oosoekas 283 | Tricholema gabonemse ____._..._---_-.- 13
Maro aribestee sae eee eB) || AMPK AAS HOS 2-2 3 oe 345, 881
SOY es Koala th nA se 28d) | richophorusicterinus. =p === 14
GB YS) DU GPa eh ect tate era iss) || ADKOlNoyoolhie eimai 5852 oo 414
perlatar sealer ee cee 284 new species_______- 47
ETN Te ea sy eueTa ev tsa eee ee ee B60)! | PE RICOpIS: a 222s eae eee see 489
Thomomy, Sion icon ean eee eee 682905 Shri] bites: oe Sao at Leer Se ee 173
MnHOraxskOveoOlatuUs ssa a= eee 320m seb OT h'O CIS) sare a 32), otk
Mhnrasaevoswnaryp yaaa ee OO: eringea, eso 22 eevee Sere een Om amo
Thryomanes bewickii charienturus.._. 233, 234 Gants aes soe. Bese eae ee : 46
drymoecus------- 234 hny;palleuicos asses nee 1 28a
nesophilus_-___-- 234 Islan Giese t= sssee wee aoe 44,47
Thryothorus bewickii spilurus. ---- 51, 52,79, 98 TANEXOUNAPIEY, = oo sea cas coeseean coos 46
inmyiseo to suey Meee eerie cease eee eee 69 maculata cei ases eee coe eee 73,87
MMaARSOGKONa MNOPHO). dooce coon cecasuca seas 397 mn base Lr ee 46
Thyridopteryx ephemerezeformis- --_---- 353 roawbame nally Bee cee oeesSen cee sao: CH, Out tsi
Rime liidiae= See. Bee a eee le 243 OGHODINUS Saoace cacoss soceos csceas 207
Minearevonyriel lan ses ae er eee 395 Sulbanquaita == asses eee 46
padella sess ee ee eae are 395 Varlabiliss: 322s es. 5) eee 46,73
Mn eomMyZalssat posse oe eee ee eae 825" \|| Erin Oboe S22 as Se ee ee pete 42,70
MPTUXCT OM ccase oesoSdake tebe seca sesses 325 itr mersel ty visraay ee 71,85
Tine ophoGromUs seem seme a ee eee 328 | IhebRIChb a geese tecaese ses ccee (All), tes, lr
DISTIN GUS eee een 351 | IDG) Den eee Ala ihe
New, GeNUSwssss esse Gil |} Mbreoyz Chioishonyail -o ae es So Sek aeons s5 =e 383
INL OT Ae ee eee 351 rane vera) 6 soot coco e 381
A Bit jut GIG We ey seer oie meth wee Serene 250i skripudiaybalteatayaassaass === ees saan 414
Viboyexorbis) Inewewehayon Ho Saha A a 28, 29 new species -._------ 489
KROL chon erthe exaieh an ats i apres ee 434 flaviolasciatass-ss2e-= sae aaa 490
TRO GTTS Te OTS ee i NINE Mee 245 RO KOtsh eeiregeh ee eae atin Cet 489
Tortoises, new species of-.-.----.------- 21 IhebpueOseyo oe ae ee ae 414
TS Ore rim pe SST ay MI ak ea UML 364 new species--------- 490
WO GANUS ess SSeS se aT a vo an ae 5d) Dristyla oo 52S ae eee se eee 486
CorHbich arisen on eh aad 46, 54,208 | Trochalopteron simile --_.--.2-...------ 220
EUS CUS Soe wr 2 Re area ce Tatas 46 | vyariegatum simile -_-- 220
PIERO ose S aces ueebes seaese AGSPI MANS oye} uke kr sage Neen iC NG eae | 168
hypOleUCOSE aaa es seed ae 73) irochiluisvailexeia Gieie=55 8) ee eae 57, 92
ny polewcus ieee oem naam 46 | hana: Sipe ee een ee Sac 56
IMMEKOOU EHD Sos ene see cosa esto aceS 46 | colubrisse2. == eee 69, 92
OCHO POS eee ese 46, 207 Tus s. 2s see eee 64
COGAN S ae eee eae eno 2 (ete S) MrochoGyabhil Saas 202
eurhimus, new subspe- ij) Trochonema robbinsSims.s)— = eee 167 .
Clee iass aes eeec oes BOT Z08 Salteniis ic s aeeee 167
Pre chit ese see eee ee cece ena 326 similisia. 2835 2325 eee 167
new species ---- 151,163
O
INDEX.
Page. Page.
Trochonema umbilicatum ____..____-.- ole Gin Aa Xemniash ayn anc eee eee a eee 163
Brochonemabidcoeeas seas ee ee ae 167 DH OU AL eer acten ye Cn a ner oe 163
“ADT XOXO DISS eee Bes Sele hae eee IN 151,168,176 | Vaughan, T. Wayland, on new fossil spe-
densistriatusea= eae eee 168 cies of Caryo-
Keollirnveelibont 5 sou osessokonase = se 168 phyllia from
WAS VGMENS 2 Sooo cs 168 California .___. 199
UN OYROTIMNG ED Saas eeteeiS ees espe cee ee 14 onnew genusand
MT euMOES vueiees = 52 nee eee Sete 47 species of Tur-
MrypaAnocorax fru silesusi 2-2 422255 = 5 228 binolid coral
WMemygpe biG eae aan aise S22 eee ee ees 258 from Japan._._ 199,200
MIMO MAe yeep a= lt Sere USE}. acheter aera: . ues ie ee aieele 183
iiuracus macronhynchuss.s)sse4-s5-ess- ake || NATION ON CPM Ele eB Seine aaa hoe Seo 11
Pies oimao Lay oil Op ae ea ee TSG 19S VAN Soniaistelliferae === esse ans 406
Turbinolid coral, from Japan, new Wareorbellltiqpusilliicies sess seen ane 97
SemusaNGspeCles Ole ses ease eee ane es 199, 200 Solibanius{eassimiae sss eee enim TOG
Biviras lol Olt cas aees seo ses ee ee ue 184 Foun euiseeeeeee 97
Bis neG dco eee ee Se Se eT WS 2 aes Not mRb i Tee VON WNONS ooo oe es ee 239
Muscat Skeks Ulla oe Se eae PAGS eA iL bb alto lz=\- ameter toe Sa eer Se er re 210
grante, new species -------- 820) | Wiest Africas birds from 22.12.22... 21. alte
Turdus aonalaschkee auduboni --------- 98 decapod crustaceans of __- atl
aonalaschke auduboni-.---_.----- ilo): Nvdabhincrnyeey se ee es 162
AUG GUSH eae e ne Seen aes ere 247 SiMmetricusi == sssssa 176
oairsloey IS ee eesi ene eat eevee weet dl new species. 151,162
CAMPING DIS Labeed enseooescess acess Zio leaWali hell a tere hahaa a4: Seow Uli eee 163
CAMS eas eae OE eee es eee 222 : AEC HCUSI a seeo ems teee ne See mae liz
AUEIIBN oes ses ee ae le tee ah ene 242 new species--__-.-.--. 151,163
leucoraste nis ess ee lees 36 TUS ert lan ale eee Seay ee ee ae 163
MAGA ASCATICNSIS = 95s ee eee 2 RAE AS eels ee ot ee Se ie eee 286, 287
ITT OT yee ore hee te area 79, 99 melanodacty lisse ane 287;
TUISHUMA TUS i Lae eee ONG Sra PONTE Osaeees Wee eco nse rane eee a 286
ST ubretauten (ol CU UT US eee ania ae acne 238 [MUI s ceoteosesdes sede ees eas 286
SUTAGeN SIS a) ne ae renee a mee 210 TeV OSUIS oe tee ere ees eee ke 286
Mvilasve dar Gi sees 2 = Ue Ee Saree ae 243 VermMiculatiseaesss sass n ewe 288
Tympanuchus americanus---.-.-------- 66,89 | Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus __..... 57,94
AT OV MIOCERHOMIIS sates oeoss a S55 nese Gabe 274,275 | Xanthodes melanodactylus ---____.___.. 287
ANIC STON Sees ea Bua) |) OSewan Wd aCYOlIIS So 55 Sokoe oo nces Saeoes Goneeaek 286, 287
ey RATIONS peer ee ee ere ne eg ROO Oe DUNC bakUSaeeeee nee eee 287
Bisel See ee Saete peee ee aes OZ EIEN 1 Ci Tall ails rae a Oe tea ee ec 15
AEM OS ocosasonenesoacesesea hey Syn dachyplas ss seer see 15
Ve biCaliSeeee a eaeee eae ne 57,92 | Xenopicus albolarvatus._...._.:..--- Ces 4 OrOn
TO GED sou OEE ea ee ea eae Pa Pallas || Ne whabs< Troy ROeHUUIE), 49
AMONG AK veteran ese sa Meet Boe 21 ZA O TOT i eee ase ose a cael re eI 401, 402
lane tienen ease earch eer ee 275, 276 ENF EXSNAN A OS eso ecrosae occas 401
THTOSANE REN, SE = eee a es ape ance ee ee 276 WC WAS CNS eee ae ee mene SH (NA OI
Wilolom@laes...3S Ae eee aes AG TN Zit 1 CLE er me ate yt ey lee pte eaies eae 301
United States, Neocene corals of__:_-_. Ge) |) Amore ssc ke eos ee seb oo aeke anos 146
new species of Tortoises ZAPHOpalusicrassius sae eee 406
LROM ao: Me eee eee 2] IVDO HUIS WOO 5 seas ocsecs Sohe 406
Woosebiar ss: ieee eee eae 309 MOWe SCN US ae eee eee 342, 347, 406
Tuna bares sss se ee eee pees 309 Quad Color sesame as 406
Wiriaptrollercalitornicasss n= s<sers aaa 43,81 Sioveyiohovant 2A ae eee 406
Wimina corel ummm 6 esse eee eee 43, 44, 80 new species --.... 406
ACI CUS eee eee eae GES Go}, ts}, (HO) || Avaedoye oral 35 as ee ese esos oe 2
WOCYONtVGoANIANUS) ss ssss se eeen eee OSM Ze uzerance S CU iets aene seen eee ae ome 367
SOI CAP OSSIIS nee ea ema ee eee ee Tee), AED) | Aor hima We os— Sense ssoasce Geese se eae 181
YESS earthen EE eee eee 107 selerodermata <---52---5-2-- 184
WialvaitasbrlCarinatajes-s2.s6 as= =aneae aee Dine Zonatrichiaicoronatae-s ees es. 51, 56, 70, 78, 95
NWanellasicristabushas sess 250 aes ee 54,73 Samibelin gases sacs ewe 56
WATS toe miso k Se saan sees 73 interme dian esse see 232
iain San UInVanOSUEIS see see een ee eee 247 leucophrys gambelii ____- 51, 95, 282
“Waint iain thas seso4seoeceaecsdeeneeercns 163 leucophrysintermedia_.... 51,95
apRuptaesssse ee Meese 151,163 | Zosterops madagascariensis ...--.._.--- 246
joathinensSiSmeee=es==e eae li7 maderaspatanaeesesse sae 246
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